UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH
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CommonwealtH of Pennsylvania
Fiftieth Anniversary
BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG
REPORT
OF THE
PENNSYLVANIA COMMISSION
Presented to
HIS EXCELLENCY,
JOHN K. TENER,
GOVERNOR OF PENNSYLVANIA
for transmittal to the
GENERAL ASSEMBLY
HARRISBURG, PA. DECEMBER 31, 1913.
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
Fiftieth Anniversary
BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG
REPORT
OF THE
PENNSYLVANIA COMMISSION
Presented to
HIS EXCELLENCY,
JOHN K. TENER,
GOVERNOR OF PENNSYLVANIA
for transmittal to the
GENERAL ASSEMBLY
HARRISBURG, PA. DECEMBER 31, 1913.
Entered according to the Act of Congress, 1914
by the Editor and Compiler Lt. Col. Lewis E. Beitler,
Secretary of Commission.
HARKISBURG. PENNA. WM. STANLEY RAY, STATE PRINTER 1914
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
Page.
"Gettysburg, July 3d, 1863," Frontispiece.
Hon. John K. Tener, Governor of the Commonwealth of Pennsylva- nia, January, 1911-January, 1915, 1
Hon. Edwin S. Stuart, Governor of the Commonwealth of Pennsyl- vania, January, 1907-January, 1911, 3
Pennsylvania Commission, Fiftieth Anniversary, Battle of Gettys- burg, 4 groups, 4-.5
Congressional Committee on Gettysburg Reunion, 1 group, and State Representatives to the Pennsylvania Commission, 10 groups, and
Gettysburg officials, 1 group, 6-7
First General Conference at Gettysburg, 1st group, 8
First General Conference at Gettysburg, 2d group, 10
Second General Conference at Washington, 1 group, 13
William Howard Taft, President of the United States, March, 1908—
March 1912, 14
Grand Army of the Republic, General Committee on Gettysburg Reunion, 2 groups, and United Confederate Veterans, General
Committee on Gettysburg Reunion, 2 groups, 16-17
Third General Conference at Philadelphia, 1 group, 18
Pennsylvania's Memorial Monument, 22
A Pennsylvania Veteran showing his name on his monument to a
New York Comrade, 23
U. S. Army establishing Veterans' Great Camp at Gettysburg, 14 scenes: 1, Headquarters, Chief Quartermaster; 2, The busy Quartermasters' and Commissary Headquarters; 3, U. S. A. Quartermaster's and Commissary Supplies arriving at Great Camp; 4, The indispensable Army Mule; 5, "In case of need;" 6, Signal Corps busy ; 7, Likewise, Quartermaster's Corps; 8, Some of the 13,300 lanterns; 9, Distributing Blankets from Central points; 10, U. S. Field Bakery at work; 11, Bread ready to issue; 12, U. S. Infantry going on Guard Duty; 13, U. S. Cavalry preparing for Escort Duty; 14, Officers on Inspection
Tour of Great Camp, 32-33
Fourth General Conference at Gettysburg, 1st Group, 34
Fourth General Conference at Gettysburg, 2nd Group, 36
Fourth General Conference at Gettysburg, 3rd Group, 37
(i)
ii List of Illustrations.
Page. U. S. War Department Officials, 1st Group. General Officers, U.
5. Army, 1st Group. U. S. Army Officers in Charge of Gettys- burg Camp, 1st Group. U. S. Army Officers at Gettysburg Camp, 2nd Group, and General Liggett at his Headquarters, and
his Aides, Lieuts . Saunders and Buckner, 42-43
Pennsylvania College, Gettysburg. Panoramic View of the Campus where Headquarters of the Governor of Pennsylvania and the Pennsylvania Commission and their Guests were Established, .. 48
Lutheran Theological Seminary, Gettysburg Headquarters, Guests
of the Pennsylvania Commission, 50
Reunion Scenes. Arriving Veteran Guests. 6 Scenes. 1, Some of the first arrivals, June 29; 2, More of our Guests going to their quarters ; 3, One of the first "Specials" arriving ; 4, The "Blue" welcoming the "Gray," 5, Enroute to their State's Headquarters;
6, Being assigned to tents, 52-53
Reunion Scenes. Arriving Veteran Guests, 2 scenes and "Mess Call"
and other scenes. 10 scenes. 1, Gov. Mann of Virginia and Genl. Brown arriving, Virginia's Headquarters; 2, Crowds of visitors arriving; 3, "Mess Call;" 4, "The first attack on the kitchens;' 5, "Reinforcements;" 6, "First Reserves;" 7, "Gen- eral Engagement;" 8, "Victors;" 9, More "Victors;" 10, "Cease firing," "Engagement over;" 11, Rest after refreshment; 12,
Talking it over, 54-55
Headquarters, Staff of Governor of Pennsylvania, and Brig. Genl. Good and Members of Governor Tener's Staff, 2 scenes and Offi- cers, State Police and Sergeant State Police, 2 scenes and "Our friends, the Newspaper Photographers at work" and Our "College
Hotel" office, 2 scenes, 56-57
Boy Scouts; Executive Officers and Aides, 1 group and 7 scenes. 1, "Our Boy Scout friends at work;" 2, "Courteous aid;" 3, "Help- ing Hand ;" 4, "Attention ;" 5, The Veteran Scout, Jack Craw- ford and his Boy Scout admirers; 6, "Boys will be Boys;" 7, Helping their own Comrades "to rise in the world," sometimes
practiced in '61-'65, 58-59
Officers, Medical Corps, U. S. A., Gettysburg Camp, 1 Group; Officers, Medical Reserve Corps, U. S. A., 1 Group; and 3 scenes. 1, "Prompt and Efficient Aid;" 2, "Relief at Hand;"
3, "Careful kindliness," 62-63
American Red Cross Officials, 1 Group, 64
Col. Clem and Comrade Hayes and Two Red Cross Nurses and
Veteran , 65
Indeed a "Veteran," 66
Red Cross "First Aid," 67
Red Cross Personnel, Gettysburg Camp, 68
Red Cross Headquarters, Gettysburg Camp, 70
Pennsylvania State Health Department. Officials in charge of the Emergency Hospital in the Borough of Gettysburg, June 25- July 7, 1913. 1 Group, 72
List of Illustrations. iii
Page.
Pennsylvania's Emergency Hospital . General View, 73
Reunion Scenes; "Getting ready for some echoes from the past," 76
Reunion Scenes, 1, "Over there beyond Devil's Den;" 2, "Back there
at the Ridge," etc. , 77
Pennsylvania's Emergency Hospital. Administration Tent, 80
Pennsylvania's Emergency Hospital. Receiving Tent, 81
Reunion Scenes: The "Regular" explaining his "New Springfield,".. 84
Reunion Scenes: 1, U. S. Temporary Post Office, Great Camp; 2,
Veterans enrolling in the Camp Register Books, 85
Pennsylvania's Emergency Hospital. Hospital Car, 88
Pennsylvania's "Identification Tag," 89
Pennsylvania's Emergency Hospital. "First Aid," 92
Pennsylvania's Emergency Hospital. "Attention and Rest," 93
The "Great Tent," 94
Col. Schooumaker, Chairman, Pennsylvania Commission, delivering
the Opening Address, Veterans' Day, July 1st, 95
Hon. Lindley M. Garrison, Secy, of War, delivering the Address of
Welcome, Veterans' Day, July 1, 98
Reunion Scenes: 1, Secy. Garrison and a "Yank" and a "Johnny;" 2, Secy. Garrison, Maj. Genl. Wood, U. S. A. and Brig. Genl.
Liggett, U. S. A., 99
Grand Army of the Republic, General Officers, 1 Group, 102
United Confederate Veterans, General Officers, 1 Group, 103
Reunion Scenes: 1, The Lieut. General Commanding the United Con- federate Veterans, Bennett H. Young; 2, Special Guests of Penn- sylvania, James Longstreet Welchel and George Edward Pickett, 104
Reunion Scenes: Civil War Army Nurses at Gettysburg, 105
Reunion Scenes: 1, Pickett's Veterans pointing out where they charged across the Emmitsburg Road ; 2, The Blue and the Gray
side-by-side on the "Stone Wall," 106
Reunion Scenes: 1, "Not so deadly a game now;" 2, Telling just
how it happened , etc . , 107
Gettysburg Battlefield and The Great Camp. General Panoramic
View , 110
The Great Camp, General Panoramic View, 114
Officers of 5th Infantry, U. S. A., stationed at Gettysburg Camp, February-August, 1913, 1 Group; 2, Major James E. Normoyle, U. S. A., Chief Quartermaster-in-charge, Gettysburg Camp; 3, At General Headquarters m Great Camp; 4, Lieut. Col. Lewis E. Beitler, A. D. C, Governor's Staff", and Secretary, Penn- sylvania Commission; 5, Headquarters, Pennsylvania Commis- sion, on Campus, Pennsylvania College, Gettysburg; 6, Dis- tinguished Guest of Pennsylvania, Blue and Gray Officials, 116-117
Reunion Scenes: 1, A Virginia "Johnny" and his "Pipe of Peace;"
2, A Michigan "Yank" and his "Smile that won't come off," 118
iv List of Illustrations.
Page. Special Guests, Pennsylvania Commission, 1 Group. Maj. Genl. Brooke, Rev. Henry M. Couden, Rev. Newell Dwight Hillis,
D. D.; Congressman Moore and Mr. Barry Bulkley, 119
The Blue and the Gray at the Lincoln Memorial in the Getty.sburg
National Cometery, 126
Lincoln's Gettysburg Address, ■ 127
Gettysburg National Cemetery. Panoramic View showing the decorations on the graves of the Unknown Dead during "Reunion
Week," . 128
Hon. Thomas R. Marshall, Vice President of the United States and
Speaker, Governors' Day, July 3rd, 133
Speakers, Governors' Day July 3rd, 1st Group, 140
Speakers, Governors' Day, July 3rd, 2nd Group, 141
Veteran Guests at Maj. General Warren's Statue on Little Round
Top, 142
Governors Teuer and Mann , 143
Reunion Scenes. 1, Martial Music of "The-long-ago ;" 2, Dis- tinguished Members of the U. C. V., Genl. Brown and Gov. Mann; 3, Comrades in Blue and Gray Cheering Gov. Mann and
Genl. Brown ; 4, Some of our "Blue"' Veteran Guests, 144-145
Speakers, Governors' Day, July 3rd, 3rd Group, 148
Governors, Guests on Governors' Day, July 3rd, 1 Group, 149
Reunion Scenes. Veteran Guests, both Blue and Gray visiting
Comrades in the Headquarters of the State of Washington, 152
Distinguished Guests, Gov. Sulzer and Commander-in-Chief Beers,
G. A. R. and Staffs, 154
Maj. Genl. Sickles and Blue and Gray Comrades, 155
Pennsylvania's Distinguished Guests. Panoramic Photograph at Headquarters, Campus, Pennsylvania College, Gettysburg, July
2nd, 1913, 158
Pennsylvania's Memorial Badges, 160
Pennsylvania's Distinguished Guests. Panoramic Photograph at the
Lutheran Seminary Headquarters, Gettysburg, July 2nd, 1913, 162
Special Guests. Fair Descendants of the Blue and of the Gray,
Lutheran Seminary Headquarters, 164
Special Guests. Descendants of the Blue and of the Gray, 165
The Blue and the Gray viewing Pennsylvania's Memorial Statue to Major General George Gordon Meade, U. S. A., Commander
Army of the Potomac, 166
"High Water Mark" Monument, 167
Reunion Scenes. The Hand Shake over the "Stone Wall" and "Bloody Angle" by the Survivors, Philadelphia Brigade and Picketts' Division Association. 1, Survivors, Philadelphia Bri- gade waiting at the "Stone Wall" and "Bloody Angle ;" 2, Pick- ett's charge of July 3rd, 1913; 3, Survivors Philadelphia Brigade and Picketfs Division meeting at the "Stone Wall" and "Bloody Angle" on July 3rd, 1913; 4, Hon. J. Hampton Moore, member of Congress from Philadelphia, presenting Flag, etc. , 168-169
List of Illustrations. v
Page.
Reunion Scenes. 1, Comrade Bentley, accepting Flag, etc. ; 2, "The Meeting of the Flags," July 3rd, 1913; 3, Two Survivors in their old uniforms of Blue and of Gray; 4, "Comrades," 170-171
Vice President and Congressional Party arriving, July 3rd, 172
American Bible Society. Camp Headquarters, 173
Woodrow Wilson, President of the United States and Speaker,
July 4th, 1913, 174
The Presidential Party and Escort arriving at the Great Tent flanked
by the Blue and the Gray, July 4th, 176
The President Delivering his Address in the Great Tent, 177
Reunion Scenes. Veteran Survivors at their Monument, 178
Reunion Scenes. 1, New York Veterans at their Battery^s Monu- ment; 2, Veterans at Maj. Genl. Slocum's Statue, July 1st, 179
Reunion Scenes: "Mine had a ram-rod," 182
Reunion Scenes. 1, Veterans reading the Tablet on the Gettysburg Court House Steps; 2, Whei-e their Battery fought: Army of the Potomac, Fifth Corps, Artillery Brigade, 183
Our Newspaper Friends. Panoramic Photograph of Genl. Liggett and some of the Newspaper Corps at the Headquarters of the Great Camp, 186
Reunion Scenes. 1, "You Old Johnny ! I believe you shot me, etc;"
2, "Yep, I left my right arm in the Wheattield, etc.," 188
Reunion Scenes. 1, Veterans viewing their Monument; the 111th New York Infantry ; 2, Veterans and friends at their Monument on Little Round Top, 189
Reunion Scenes. Maj. Genl. Sickles receiving Blue and Gray Com- rades at his Headquarters, 192
Reunion Scenes. G. A. R. Veterans quartered in the Codori House, 194
Reunion Scenes. 1, "Telling it to his Grandson;" 2, Blue and Gray
Veterans and young "Regulars," 195
Reunion Scenes. Blue and Gray Comrades pointing toward the spot,
etc. , 198
Reunion Scenes. 1, Comrades are talking now, hence, not the guns;
2, "Way over yonder," etc. , 199
Reunion Scenes. Our Veteran Guests from South Dakota. Pano- ramic Photograph, 202
Reunion Scenes. 1, "The Old Way— The Old Canteen;" 2,
"The New Way— Bubbling Ice Water Fountains," 208
Reunion Scenes. 1, Confederate Battery Survivors at the spot,
2, Judge HUlyer, addressing Georgian Reunion, 209
Vermont's Dedicatory Services at unveiling of Genl. Wells' Monu- ment. Panoramic Photograph, 214
Reunion Scenes . A "Flash" of the past, 218
Reunion Scenes. 1, " 'Mid quieter scenes;" 2, Music and Flags to- gether, 219
Reunion Scenes. 1, "Not now dangerous;" 2, "And this is why," 222
Reunion Scenes. 1, "Confederate Veterans at the old gun," 2, The
Blue and the Gray at the Pennsylvania Monument, 223
VI
List of Illustrations.
Page.
Reunion Scenes. Farewells. Governor Tener bidding "Good-bye,"
July 4th, 224
Reunion Scenes. 1, "Well! Comrade, Good-bye;" 2, Farewells,
July 4th, 225
Reunion Scenes. 1, Our Veteran Guests departing; 2, "Johnnys"
cheering the "Yanks" "Good-bye," 228
Reunion Scenes. Old Time Martial Music for their departing Com- rades, 229
Reunion Scenes. 1, Our departing Veteran Guest en route to their
trains, July 5th; 2, Cheering their Comrades "God speed," 230
Reunion Scenes. 1, A "Big" and a "Little" Pennsylvania "Bucktail"
departing; 2, "Good-bye, Comrade, God be with you," 231
Reunion Scenes. 1, Comrades, "hand-in-hand;" 2, "Their flag now," 234
Reunion Scenes. "And a little child shall lead them." "A Half-A-
Century After," 235
Plan of Great Tent, interior arrangement, 236
Map of Great Camp, showing each State's section therein,
Back Cover Folder
GOVERNOR
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA JANUARY 1911-JANUARY. 1915
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■ 1
vi List of Illustrations.
Page.
Reunion Scenes. Farewells. Governor Tener bidding "Good-bye,"
July 4th, 224
Reunion Scenes. 1, -Well! Comrade, Good-bye;" 2, Farewells,
July 4th, 225
Reunion Scenes. 1, Our Veteran Guests departing; 2, "Johnnys"
cheering the "Yanks" "Good-bye," 228
Reunion Scenes. Old Time Martial Music for their departing Com- rades, 229
Reunion Scenes. 1, Our departing Veteran Guest en route to their
trains, July 5th; 2, Cheering their Comrades "God speed," 230
Reunion Scenes. 1, A "Big" and a "Little" Pennsylvania "Bucktail"
departing; 2, "Good-bye, Comrade, God be with you," 231
Reunion Scenes. 1, Comrades, "hand-in-hand;" 2, "Their flag now," 234
Reunion Scenes. "And a little child shall lead them." "A Half-A-
Century After," 235
Plan of Great Tent, interior arrangement, 236
Map of Great Camp, showing each State's section therein,
Back Cover Folder
I
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Cami'."
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA JANUARY 191 1-JANUARY. 1915
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA 1863 ^^^ 1913
FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY
OF THE
Battle of Gettysburg Commission
OFFICERS.
COLONEL J. M. SCHOONMAKER,
Chairman. The Pittsburgh and Lake Erie Railroad Co., Pittsburgh.
LT. COL. LEWIS E. BEITLER,
Secretary, Room 302, Capitol, Harrisburg.
SAMUEL C. TODD,
Treasurer, Room 302, Capitol, Harrisburg.
COMMISSIONERS.
J. M. SCHOONMAKER,
Colonel, 14th. Pa. Cavalry and Brevet Brig. Gen'L, U. S. Vols.
WM. D. DIXON,
Brevet Brig. Gen'L, U. S. Vols.
R. BRUCE RICKETTS,
Major and Brevet CoL, 1st. Pa. Art.
IRVIN K. CAMPBELL,
Corporal, 9th. Pa. Reserves.
WM. J. PATTERSON,
Captain, 62nd. Pa. Infty.
WILLIAM E. MILLER,
Captain, 3rd. Pa. Cavalry.
GEORGE F. BAER,
Captain, 133rd. Pa. Infty.
JOHN P. GREEN,
Captain and Asst. Adj. Gen'L, U. S. Vols.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT.
Many of the illustrations herein are from photographs of scenes and incidents on and around the Gettysburg Battlefield during Reunion Week that most appealed to tlie half-hundred representative expert and indefatigable newspaper and news- service photographers who, coming from all sections of our fair land, were our Guests in the "Great Camp" during that period and who since then have kindly given them for use in this Re- port. Eor this courtesy, grateful acknowledgment is made and sincere appreciation and thanks are tendered by its editor and compiler
LEWIS E. BEITLER,
Secretary, Pennsylvania Commission,
Fiftieth Anniversary of the
Battle of Gettysburg.
(2)
GOVE RNOR
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA JANUARY. 1907-JANUARY, 1911
"JHalf-
Ji-Century yjfter"
REPORT OF COMMISSION.
Harrisburg, Pa., December 31st, 1913. Honorable John K. Tener, Governor of Pennsylvania. Executive Chambers, Harrisburg, Pa.
Your Excellency: — Pursuant to the provisions of the Act of the General Assembly of Pennsylvania, approved May 13th, 1909, creating this Commission and defining its duties and prerogatives, and of the subsequent Acts of June 14th, 1911, and April 17th (two) and July 16th, 1913, relative thereto, we have the honor to respectfully present, through you, to the next Session of that Honorable Body, this, the Commission's Final Report, being a chronological recital of the events trans- piring in connection with the Anniversary from its inception to its completion.
In his Biennial Message to the General Assembly, January 5th, 1909, the then Governor of Pennsylvania, Honorable Edwin S. Stuart, stated:
"We are approaching the fiftieth anniversary of the most decisive battle of the war for tlie suppression of the Rebellion, fought on Pennsylvania soil, at Gettysburg, July 1-3, 1863. The Command- ing General of the Union forces was a distinguished Pennsylvanian, and on that memorable field thousands of Pennsylvania's sons won imperishable fame.
Of Pennsylvania commands, there were engaged, or present on the field, sixty-nine regiments of infantry, ten regiments of cavalry and seven batteries of artillery. Many of the men of these commands are still living, and many will be living on the fiftieth anniversary of the battle, and it would be entirely in keeping with the patriotic spirit of the people of the Commonwealth to properly recognize and fittingly observe this anniversary. Other States, both north and south, whose sons fought at Gettysburg, will surely co-operate in mak- ing the occasion one that will stand foremost in the martial history of the world."
and recommended
"that a commission be created, Avith authority to invite the co-operation of the other States, and to make report to the next Session of the General Assembly.''
(3)
4 Gettysburg Reunion,
Such statements and recommendations meeting the unani- mous approval of both Houses, resulting in the above Act of May, 1909, authorizing the Governor appoint a Commission for such purposes and appropriating |5,000.00 for its prelimi- nary expenses, he, in August, 1909, appointed as such Commis- sion, Messrs. Louis Wagner, Philadelphia, Col. 88th Reg. Penna. V. Inf ty. and Brevet Brig. Gen'l. U. S. Vols. ; John U. Brooke, Philadelphia, Major General, U. S. A. retired; R. Dale Benson, Philadelphia, 1st Lt. 114th Penna. V. Infty, and Brevet Major, U. S. Vols.; R. Bruce Ricketts, Wilkes-Barre, Major and Brevet Colonel, 1st Penna. Artillery; J. Richards Boyle, Reading, Adj. 111th Penna. V. Infty. and Captain and A. Q. M., U. S. Vols. ; William Penn Lloyd, Mechanicsburg, Adjutant 1st Penna. Cavalry; Alexander McDowell, Sharon, Sergeant 121st Penna. V. Infty. and Brevet Major; Irvin K. Campbell, Pittsburgh, Coroporal, 9th Penna. Reserves; and Lewis T. Brown, Pittsburgh, Private, 102nd Penna. V. Infty., all mem- bers of the Grand Army of the Republic, General Wagner being its Senior Past Commander-in-Chief. Meeting in Philadel- phia, September 30th, 1909, organization was perfected by tlie election of General Wagner, Chairman, and Captain and Rev. Dr. J. Richards Boyle, Secretary, with General Wagner act- ing also as Treasurer, headquarters being established there in the Third National Bank Building; General Brooke later declining appointment, William D. Dixon, Lehmasters, Lt. Col. 6th Reg. Penna. Res. Corps and Brevet Brig. Gen'l. U. S. Vols., was in October 1909, appointed in his §tead, thus com- pleting the Commission.
Under the Legislative provision contained in the above Act of May, 1909,
"* * * to consider and arrange for a proper and fitting recognition and observance, at Gettysburg, of tlie fiftietli anniversary of the battle of Gettysburg; witli authority to invite the cooperation of the Con- gress of the United States, and of other States and Commonwealths."
this Commission, in October 1909, extended the following invi- tation to the Governors of our Sister Commonwealths, States and Territories: —
"Dear Sir: — We have the honor to inform you that an Act of Assembly of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, approved May 13, 1909, created a Commision to provide for the proper and fitting recognition of the Fiftieth Anniversary of the Battle of Gettysburg, which will occur on July 1st, 2nd and 3rd, 1913, and to invite the co- operation of the Congress of the United States, and the participa- tion of the several States in the commemioration."
PENNSYLVANIA COMMISSION. 50TH ANNIVERSARY BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG.
(nCOLONEL J. M. SCHOONMAKER, PITTSBURGH, PA., COL. 14.TH PENNA. CAVALRY AND BREVET BRIG. GEN. U. S. V.. CHAIRMAN, PENNSYLVANIA COMMISSION. (2) GEN. WILLIAM D. DlXON, LEMASTERS, PA., BREVET BRIG. GEN. U. S. VOLUNTEERS. (3) COL. R. B R U C E R I C K ETT S, W I L K E S- B A R R E, PA.. MAJOR AND BREVET COL. 1ST PENNA. ARTILLERY. {A< MAJOR ALEX.
MCDOWELL, SHARON, PA., SERGEANT 12 1ST PENNA. INFANTRY AND BREVET MAJOR. Deceased.
PENNSYLVANIA COMMISSION, 50TH ANNIVERSARY BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG.
(1) GENERAL LOUIS WAGNER. P H 1 L A D E LP H 1 A , P A ., B R E V E T B R 1 G . G E N L . U . S. VOLS., 1ST CHAIRMAN, PENNSYLVANIA C O M M I SSI O N, 7?ej/gne</. (2) M A J . R. DALE BENSON, PHILADELPHIA, PA.. BREVET MAJOR U. S. V OLS.. ^Resigned. (31 REV.. DR J. RICHARDS BOYLE, SINKING SPRINGS, PA., 1 ST S E C R ET A R Y. PENNSYL- VANIA COMMISSION. Tiesi^n^d. ( 1> LEWIS T. BROWN, PITTSBURGH, PA., PRIVATE. 102D PENNA. VOL. iNFANTRY^ Deceased.
PENNSYLVANIA COMMISSION, 50TH ANNIVERSARY BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG
(1) Captain William E. Miller. Carlisle. Pa., Captain. 3d Penna. Cavalry (2) Captain William J. Patterson. Pittsburgh. Pa.. Captain. 62nd Penna Vol. Infantry. (3) Corp. Irvin K. Campbell. Pittsburgh. Pa.. Corporal. 9th Penna. Reserves. (4) Captain Wm. Penn Lloyd. Mechanicsburg. Pa.. Cap- tain AND Adjt. 1st Penna Cavalry. D^ccased.
PENNSYLVANIA COMMISSION, 50TH ANNIVERSARY BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG.
(1) CAPTAIN JOHN P. GREEN, PHILADELPHIA. PA., CAPTAIN AND ASSISTANT ADJUTANT GENERAL, U. S. VOLUNTEERS. (2) CAPTAIN GEORGE F. BAER, READING PA , CAPTAIN, 133D PENNA. VOL. INFANTRY. (3) MR. SAMUEL C. TODD CHARLEROI, PA., TREASURER, PENNA. COMMISSION. (4) Ll E UT EN A NT COLONEL LEWIS E. BEITLER, PHILADELPHIA, PA.. A. D. C. GOVERNOR'S STAFF AND FIELD SECRETARY A N D S EC R ET A R Y P E N N A . C O M M 1 SSI O N .
Gettysburg Reunion. 5
"The Gommission has been duly appointed by the Governor of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania to carry the patriotic provisions of this act into effect, and is officially organized for this purpose. . We therefore, respectfully and cordially invite the Sister State of
to accept this invitation
from the Commonwealth upon whose soil the Battle of Gettysburg was fought, to share in this important anniversary and to help to make it an event worthy of its historical significance and an occasion creditable and impressive to our great and reunited Nation.
"We request you, as the Chief Executive of your State, to give the subject your full and favorable consideration, and to recommend and urge such action upon it by your next Legislature as shall appear to you to be wise and practicable. The Commission will welcome your counsels in the matter, and shall be glad to carry out, so far as pos- sible, such measures as you or your Legislature may propose.
In the hope that you will kindly advise us, without delay, of your personal and official good offices regarding this subject, and with very great respect, we have the honor to be
' Your obedient servants,
LOUIS WAGNER.
Chairman.
J. RICHARDS BOYLE,
Secretary."
Cordial compliance therewith immediately followed, and eventually a Representative was duly so accredited to this Commission from every Commonwealth, State and Territory, the District of Columbia, Porto Rico, Hawaii and Alaska.
The Commission in February, 1910, also had conference at Washington, with the President, Vice-President, and the United States Senators from Pennsylvania, and Representative 01m- stead, of Pennsylvania, seeking Congressional authorization for the co-operation of the National Government in the Celebra- tion, the result being the adoption by Congress in June, 1910, of the following Concurrent Resolution: —
"WHEREA8, The State of Pennsylvania has, by appropriate legis- lation, constituted a Commission known as the "Fiftieth Anniversary of the Battle of Gettysburg Commission," to consider and arrange for a proper and fitting recognition and observance at Gettysburg of the Fiftieth Anniversary of the Battle of Gettysburg, with authority to invite the co-operation of the Congress of the United States and of other States and Commonwealth, and the said Commission has ex- tended an invitation to Congress and requested its co-operation in the matter. Therefore, be it
RESOLVED, By the House of Representatives (the Senate con- curring) , That the President of the Senate and the Speaker of the"
6 Gettysburg Reunion.
"House of Representatives be, and they are hereby authorized and di- rected to appoint a Committee to consist of three Senators and three Representatives to confer with the Fiftieth Anniversary of the Battle of Gettysburg Commission and report as soon as may be, the recom- mendations of said Committee as to the proper action to be talien by Congress to enable the United States fittingly to join in the cele- bration of the Fiftieth Anniversary of the Battle of Gettysburg; and the necessary expenses of said Committee shall be paid one-half out of the contingent fund of the Senate and one-half out of the con- tingent fund of the House, and shall not exceed, in all, the sum of one thousand dollars."
Pursuant to its provisions, the following Committee was appointed by the respective presiding officers : —
Senate. — Hon. George T. Olliver, Pennsylvania, Chairman; Hon. Weldon B. Heyburn, Idaho;* Hon. Isidor Rayner, Maryland.
House. — Hon. James A. Tawney, Minnesota, Vice-Chairman; Hon. Daniel F. Lafean, Pennsylvania; Hon. John Lamb, Virginia.
•Resigned, and Hon. Claude A. Swanson, U. S. Senator from Virginia, appointed In his stead.
In September 1910, the Commission invited as its guests, the Congressional Committee and one Representative from each Commonwealth, State and Territory, to a General Conference at Gettysburg, October 13th and 14th, 1910, to consider and agree upon the general scope and plans of the Celebration. The Congressional Committee and some forty Representatives at- tended, the Conference resulting in the following tentative pro- gramme being adopted: —
"The celebration Is to cover the three days during which the battle was fought, July 1st, 2nd and 3rd, under such arrangements as to the title of the celebration of the several days as may hereafter be de- termined, and, that in addition thereto, there should be a general reunion on July 4th, the birthday of our Nation, to be called a "Peace Jubilee," and that the principal event of that day's celebration should be the laying of the cornerstone of an appropriate memorial, to be called a "Peace Memorial," at such place upon the battlefield as may hereafter be selected.
The list of speakers to address the gatherings, which will neces- sarily occupy much of the time of these four days, would include the President of the United States, the members and officers of the Congress of the United States, the Governors of the several States and Territories, and their representatives. Music, vocal and instru- mental, will necessarily be a part of the exercises.
The Commission appreciates fully the restricted facilities, both railroad and railway, to reach Gettysburg, and its comparatively lim- ited accommodations for visitors, and has arranged a conference with the Committee heretofore appointed by the citizens and the authori-"
CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEE. GETTYSBURG REUNION.
Ul HON. GEO. T. OLIVER, U. S, SENATOR, PENNSYLVANIA, CHAIRMAN. I2> HON. W. B. HEYBURN, U. S. SENATOR, IDAHO, Deceased. <3l HON.ISIDOR RAYNER, U. S. SENATOR, MARYLAND, Resigned. H) HON. CLAUDE A. SWANSON. U.S. SENATOR, VIRGINIA. 151 HON. DANIEL F. LAFEAN, U. S. REPRESENTATIVE, PENNSYLVANIA. (Gt H O N . J O H N L A M B. U . S. R E PR E SE NT AT I V E, V I R Gl N I A . (7> HON. JAMES A. TAWNEY. U. S. REPRESENTATIVE. MINNESOTA. VICE- CHAIRMAN.
STATE REPRESENTATIVES TO PENNSYLVANIA COMMISSION.
' (1) MAJ. GEN. JAMES F. SMITH, LITTLE ROCK, ARKANSAS. I2) HON. E. M. BYRNE, SELMA, ALABAMA. (:',) ANDREW J. WOODSIDE, ESQ., DENVER, COL- ORADO. (4) CAPTAIN E. L. HAWK, SACRAMENTO, CALIFORNIA. (5) WM. G. HARTRANFT, ESQ., PHOENIX. ARIZONA.
STATE REPRESENTATIVES TO PENNSYLVANIA COMMISSION.
(i> Brig. genl. e. m. law, Bartow, Florida, (2) Hon Thomas d. brad- street, THOMASTON, CONNECTiCUT. (3) SERGT. MAJOR RICHARD G. BUCKINGHAM, SECY., NEWARK, DELAWARE. (4) GEN. ANDREW J. WEST, ATLANTA, GEORGIA. (.t) CAPT. J. B. GREENHUT, NEW YORK CITY, REPRE- SENTATIVE FROM ILLINOIS.
STATE REPRESENTATIVES TO PENNSYLVANIA COMMISSION.
(I) COL. ANDREW COWAN, CHAIRMAN, LOUISVILLE, KENTUCKY, (AND PRESID- ING OFFICER, MILITARY DAY, JULY 2D, 191 3) (2) LIEUT. BYRON C. WARD, DES
MOINES, IOWA. (;;i Dr. Nathaniel d. cox, chairman, Spencer, Indiana. (4) COL. J.B. Sinnott, new Orleans, Louisiana. (51 Hon. L. J. mosher, Hiawatha, Kansas.
STATE REPRESENTATIVES TO PENNSYLVANIA COMMISSION.
STATE REPRESENTATIVES TO PENNSYLVANIA COMMISSION.
(1) BRIG. AND BREVBT MAJOR GENL. LEWIS A. GRANT. MINNEAPOLIS, MIN- NESOTA. (21 COL. W. A. MONTGOMERY, EDWARDS, MISSISSIPPI. (:5> CAPTAIN JOHN R. KING, CHAIRMAN, BALTIMORE, MARYLAND. (4) MAJ. B.C. WALLACE. HELENA, MONTANA. 151 COL. THOMAS B. RODGERS, ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI.
STATE REPRESENTATIVES TO PENNSYLVANIA COMMISSION.
(1) GEN. J.N. PATTERSON, CONCORD," NEW HAMPSHIRE. (2) COL. CLARE N' DON E. ADAMS, SUPERIOR, NEBRASKA. (Z) H O N . H . F. B A R TI N E, C A R SO N C ITY, NEVADA. (4) SAMUEL M. BUSHMAN, JR., ESQ., GALLUP. NEW MEXICO. (5)C0t. CHARLES BURROWS, RUTHERFORD, NEW JERSEY.
STATE REPRESENTATIVES TO PENNSYLVANIA COMMISSION.
(1) SERGT. JOHN C. SCARBOROUGH, WiNTON, NORTH CAROLINA, (AND Speaker, MILITARY DAY, JULY 2D, 1 91 3.) (2) COL. W. E. HAYNES, FREMONT, OHIO. (3) GENL. HORATIO C. KING, BROOKLYN, NEW YORK. (4) D. F. SEIGFRIED, LISBON, NORTH DAKOTA. (.')) HON. WILLIAM HiGGINS, BARTLES- VILLE. OKLAHOMA.
STATE REPRESENTATIVES TO PENNSYLVANIA COMMISSION.
tl» GENERAL ELISHA H. RHODES, PROVIDENCE, RHODE ISLAND. (2) COL. LEWIS C. GARRIGUS, PORTLAND, OREGON. (3) COLONEL JAMES P. SHAW, PORTLAND, OREGON. (4) GEN. B. H. TEAGUE, AIKEN, SOUTH CAROLINA. i5» CAPT. N. H. KINGMAN, SELBY, SOUTH DAKOTA.
STATE REPRESENTATIVES TO PENNSYLVANIA COMMISSION.
di GENL. J. THOMPSON BROWN, RICHMOND, VIRGINIA. (2) GENL. FELIX H, ROBERTSON, CRAWFORD, TEXAS. (3) COL. HEMAN W. ALLEN, BURLINGTON. VERMONT. (4) COL. S.A. CUNNINGHAM, NASHVILLE, TENN. (■',) HON. L. H. SMYTHE. salt LAKE CITY. UTAH.
STATE REPRESENTATIVES TO PENNSYLVANIA COMMISSION.
(1) Brig. Genl. Thomas J. Stewart. Harrisburg, Pa.. The Adjutant Gen
ERAL AND CHIEF OF STAFF, N. G. P. (2) COL. WM. S. CLARK. HARRISVILLE
West Virginia. O) Genl. Fred. C. Winkler, Cheyenne. Wyoming Thomas S. Hopkins. Washington, D. C. (5) Dr. Martin G Philadelphia, Pa., Representing Porto Rico
Col. Brumbaugh.
GETTYSBURG OFFICIALS.
Ill BREVET LIEUT. COL. JOHN PAGE NICHOLSON. CHAIRMAN, GETTYSBURG NATIONAL PARK COMMISSION. CI) JOHN D. KEITH, ESQ., CHAIRMAN OF THE CITIZENS' COMMITHEE. (3) R E V. J . A . S I N G M A ST E R , D . D., P R E SI D E NT O F T H E LUTHERAN THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY, GETTYSBURG, AND MEMBER CI^TIZENS' GETTYSBURG COMMITTEE. ( 4 i LI E U T. C O L. E . B . C O P E , BURG NATIONAL PARK COMMISSION. I.^.l WILLIAM PH. D., L. L. D., PRESIDENT OF PENNSYLVANIA PENNSYLVANIA.
SECRETARY, GETTY5- ANTHONY GRANVILLE, COLLEGE GETTYSBURG,
Gettysburg Reunion. 7
"ties of Gettysburg, and with the officials of the railroad and railway companies, to remedy both these difficulties, and we are assured that the work will be taken earnestly in hand by all who can help us in this direction.
For the actual accommodation of those desiring to remain during the time of the celebration, your Commission is planning a series of camps, by States, or by groups of States and Territories, if the at- tendance from any one State is not sufficiently large to justify a sepa- rate camp.
It is the intention to make application to the United States authori- ties for camp equipage, and also to request the detail of an officer of the Regular Army, with sufficient command, to supervise and arrange the discipline and the policing of all these camps.
The Commission will have the honor to request that the General Assembly of Pennsylvania, convening January next, will pass the legislation necessary to carry out the above plans, so far as they have been developed, with such enlargement or modification as may hereafter be deemed advisable.
Also, for making appropriation- for the transportation and subsist- ence of the Pennsylvania soldiers to Gettysburg and to return to their respective homes.
Also, to ask the several States and Territories to pass legislation to make appropriation to enable all the soldiers who fought on either side of the contest to visit Gettysburg during the anniversary cele- bration.
Also, requesting the United States Government to authorize the erection of a "Peace Memorial," for which the cornerstone should be laid on July 4th, 1913."
In his Biennial message to the General Assembly, January 3, 1911, the then Governor of Pennsylvania, Honorable Edwin S. Stuart, stated relative to this anniversary: —
"***** The proposed observance of the anniversary will bring to the historic field of Gettysburg, fifty years after the battle, the sur- vivors of the great contending armies, and will tend to intensify the feeling of brotherhood that insures to us a united country.
The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, in view of the fact that the contemplated anniversary observance is to be held on consecrated soil within her borders, should act with patriotic pride, and should pro- vide liberally for the necessary expenses of the occasion. The Com- mission, to which has been entrusted the work of fittingly and prop- erly arranging for the event, will report fully to the General As- sembly, with its suggestions and recommendations."
Complying therewith, and in accordance with the direction in the above Act of Assembly, creating this Commission, i. e.,
"***** the Commission to make report of its action, with recom-"
8 Gettysburg Reunion.
"mendations, to the next session of the General Assembly of Penn- sylvania."
such report was, on January 9, 1911, so forwarded him, and, on January 16th, transmitted by him to that Session of the Gen- eral Assembly with its recommendation that its action therein set forth, — as appears in the tentative programme as above, — meeting legislative approval, additional appropriation be made to so continue its work, which recommendation was unani- mously agreed to by the passage of an Act providing
"***** That to enable the Commission to further carry out the provisions of the above recited Act in accordance with said report, recommendations and plans of the Commission, the sum of fifty thou- sand dollars, or so much thereof as may be necessary, is hereby specifically appropriated *****"
which was approved by His Excellency, Governor John K. Tener, June 14,. 1911.
Following this, the General Assembly in several states, in their 1911 sessions, made enactments creating Gettysburg Com- missions, with appropriations for preliminary expenses, et cetera, but that fall, this Commission, deeming it advisable to bring the subject more definitely to the attention of our sister states, directed its present Secretary, then its Field Sec- retary, to visit the capitol of each state whose General Assem- bly convened in 1912, and, conferring with its Governor, its Leg- islative Members, its Officers of the Grand Army of the Repub- lic or the United Confederate Veterans, or both, its journalists and others prominent among its citizens, to then address each Legislature, after introduction therein by message from the Governor of that state, and extend Pennsylvania's formal and official invitation through them to all veterans of the Civil War resident within that respective State's borders to participate with her in the Gettysburg Anniversary, and to ask each of these states to make liberal appropriations to defray their veterans' travelling expense only, to and from Gettysburg, as Pennsylvania and the National Government would act as their host throughout their attendance at Gettysburg.
General C. Irvine Walker, of South Carolina, the then Lieu- tenant General Commanding the United Confederate Veterans, and Hon. Ell Torrance, of Minnesota, Past Commander-in-Chief of the Grand Army of the Republic, and the Chairman of that
Pennsi/lvani "'^^ ^'i' -'^■"'- Photographed at "High
1. Rev. Dr. and Captain '• Senator
Secretary, PennsylvarP"**' '-°™'
2. Hon.^X^B. Willson, Go^ti^e from
3. Genl. James W. Moci . „ ,
from South Carolina. ''''""' ^'^^-
4. Sergt. Major Richard G ,.
resentative from Delrf**"'*^ f'"''™
5. Col. Thomas S. Hopk,.
from the District of f*"*^ f™™
6. Rev. Dr. and Major . ^ ^^
New York. i" Gettys-
7. Genl. Horatio C. King. ,„...
8. Major Genl. Daniel E ? Citizens'
five from New York. ^ ^^ ,
9. Hon. Daniel F. Lafeaf^"^'^'^"'"^
Member Congressiona;
34. Dr. Rawley W. Martin, Representative
from Virginia.
35. Col. Andrew Cowan, Representative from
Kentucky.
36. Dr. M. G. Brumbaugh, of Philadelphia,
Representing Porto Rico.
37. Col. Thomas L. Livermore. Representative
from Massachusetts. 3S. Col. Heman W. Allen, Representative
from Vermont. 39. Mr. Samuel Bushman, Jr., Representative
from New Mexico.
41. Mr. Wm. G. Hartranft, Representative
from Arizona.
42. Hon. Thomas D. Bradstreet, Representative
from Connecticut.
8 Gettysburg Reunion.
"mendations, to the next session of the General Assembly of Penn- sylvania."
such report was, on January 9, 1911, so forwarded him, and, on Januai-y 16th, transmitted by him to that Session of the Gen- eral Assembly with its recommendation that its action therein set forth, — as appears in the tentative programme as above, — meeting legislative approval, additional appropriation be made to so continue its work, which recommendation was unani- mously agreed to by the passage of an Act providing
"***** That to enable the Commission to further carry out the provisions of the above recited Act in accordance with said report, recommendations and plans of the Commission, the sum of fifty thou- sand dollars, or so much thereof as may be necessary, is hereby specifically appropriated *****-
which was approved by His Excellency, Governor John K. Tener, June 14, 1911.
Following this, the General Assembly in several states, in their 1911 sessions, made enactments creating Gettysburg Com- missions, with appropriations for preliminary expenses, et cetera, but that fall, this Commission, deeming it advisable to bring the subject more definitely to the attention of our sister states, directed its present Secretary, then its Field Sec- retary, to visit the capitol of each state whose General Assem- bly convened in 1912, and, conferring with its Governor, its Leg- islative Members, its Officers of the Grand Army of the Repub- lic or the United Confederate Veterans, or both, its journalists and others prominent among its citizens, to then address each Legislature, after introduction therein by message from the Governor of that state, and extend Pennsylvania's formal and official invitation through them to all veterans of the Civil War resident within that respective State's borders to participate with her in the Gettysburg Anniversary, and to ask each of these states to make liberal appropriations to defray their veterans' travelling expense only, to and from Gettysburg, as Pennsylvania and the National Government would act as their host throughout their attendance at Gettysburg.
General C. Irvine Walker, of South Carolina, the then Lieu- tenant General Commanding the United Confederate Veterans, and Hon. Ell Torrance, of Minnesota, Past Commander-in-Chief of the Grand Army of the Republic, and the Chairman of that
Gettysburg Reunion. 9
organization's General Committee on the Gettysburg Anniver- sary, had, upon our invitation to them as representing their respective organizations, attended our January Conference in Washington, and General Walker, enthusiastically approving this patriotic movement, upon his return home issued, as proof thereof, the following General Orders No. 9 to his Confederate Comrades : —
"Headquarters United Confederate Veterans,
New Orleans, La., January 20, 1912.
General Orders, No. 9.
The Lieutenant General Commanding advises his Comrades that they have been offered by the State of Pennsylvania and the Union Veterans the hand of peace and amity, with such cordiality, fairness, and consideration, that they should know it, and he thinks should accept and grasp it.
The great State of Pennsylvania has decided to celebrate with due dignity and importance in July, 1913, the Fiftieth Anniversary of the Battle of Gettysburg. Pennsylvania appointed a Commission to carry out this plan. This Commission has presented the matter to Con- gress. At the meetings in Washington, January 11 and 12, your Commander was so fraternally and urgently invited that he felt he would be faithless to your best interests were he not to accept. He therefore did so, and was met by his once enemies so cordially as to disarm prejudice, and make him feel that they were honestly desir- ous of commemorating a peace with which the soothing hand of time has blessed our country.
The plan has been submitted to every State of the Union, and all have agreed to take part. The Representatives appointed by the various States of our Confederacy are: Alabama, Captain Daniel Partridge; Arkansas, General J. F. Smith; Florida, General B. M. Law; Georgia, General Clement A. Evans (since dead); Kentucky, Colonel Andrew Cowan; Louisiana, Captain J. B. Sinnott; Mississippi, General W. A. Montgomery; Missouri, A. G. Peterson; North Caro- lina, Sergeant John C. Scarborough; South Carolina, General James W. Moore; Tennessee, Honorable Luke E. Wright,; Texas, Colonel R. M. Aynne; Virginia, Dr. Rawley W. Martin.
Other States not in the Confederacy, but having Divisions, as West Virginia, Maryland, Oklahoma, et cetera, likewise have representa- tion.
It is proposed that the first day shall be Veterans' Day, when all surviving soldiers of the war of the South and of the North will be invited guests, and the control thereof to be under the joint direc- tion of the Commanders-in-Chief of the Grand Army of the Republic and United Confederate Veterans. It is further proposed that on each day all such veteran soldiers shall be oflScial guests, and shall be provided seats at all official functions. Comrades, is not that true"
10 Gettysburg Reunion.
"comradship? On the last day it is proposed to lay the cornerstone of a Peace Memorial. This day's ceremonies will be presided over by the Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court, our Confederate comrade, and the laying of the cornerstone will be done by the Presi- dent of the United States, and it is within the range of possibility that he may be a Southern man, perhaps the son of a Confederate soldier.
Your Commander feels that the time has come, when, by invitation of our one-time foes, we can unite with them in celebrating that permanent peace, which we pray may forever bless this our great and glorious country. Not the country for which we fought, but that which has arisen from the ashes of that great revolution and the country in which we have our homes and firesides and that coun- try which we will teach our children ever to love, maintain and be proud of.
Every Camp is urged to take immediate action, particularly those in States whose Legislatures do not meet in 1913, to bring this most important matter to the attention of their respective Legislatures to secure endorsement and appropriations. Each State can show its approval of the liberal patriotic aim of the Pennsylvania Commission, by being properly represented in this epochal event.
"When attending the recent conference, and reciprocating for him- self and his comrades , the friendly advances of the Pennsylvania Com- mission, your Commander was obliged to act without oflBcial consulta- tion with his United Confederate Comrades. But as he was sure that his course of action was for a high and noble purpose and be con- sistent with the lofty promptings of your hearts, he took the respon- sibility, believing that you would endorse him, and hold up his hands. May our gray heads rest in peace in those graves which will soon claim us, with the satisfaction that we have con- tibuted to bringing to our country the blessings of peace and good will. Let us bury deep and forever, all bitterness, but never fail to perpetuate the glorious history of that record of high duty superbly done by you in your young manhood.
By command of
C. IRVINE WALKER, Lieutenant General Commanding.
WILLIAM E. MICKLE,
Adjutant General and Chief of Staff."
Following the issuance of the above General Order, in Janu- ary, February and March, 1912, South Carolina, Georgia, Miss- issippi, Kentucky, Virginia, Maryland, Rhode Island, Massa- chusetts, New York and New Jersey, in the order named, were so visited by the Field Secretary, their officials and citizens so conferred with, and their Legislatures so addressed, resulting in an awakening of interest tlierein, which, with the splendid work thereafter done in those States by the respective Repre- sentatives to our Coramission, eventually resulted in appro-
il id!
I lii
Pennst/l: IS and H, 1910. Photographed at Cowan's
1. Genl. E. M. Iresentative
Florida.
2. Capt. Wm. PeCesentative
Gettysburg Co:
3. Genl. Louis Wafesentative
vania Gettysbi
4. Hon. Weldon B.resentative
from Idaho, M
mittee. tepresenta-
5. Hon. George T. C
Pennsylvania, Philadel- Committee.
6. Capt. E. L. Hgresentati
California.
7. Genl. James Wtds Boyle,
from South Cafburg Com-
Hon. John Lamb, of Virginia, Member Congressional Committee.
Mr. McPherson, Gettysburg Citizens' Com- mittee.
Hon. Daniel F. Lafean, of Pennsylvania, Member Congressional Committee.
36. Mr. Samuel Bushman, Jr., Representative
from New Mexico.
37. Hon. A. E. Willson, Governor of Ken-
tucky.
38. Dr. Nathaniel D. Cox, Representative
from Indiana.
39. Mr. William G. Hartranft, Representa-
tive from Arizona.
40. Hon. Thomas D. Bradstreet, Representa-
tive from Connecticut.
10 Gettysburg Reunion.
"comradship? On the last day it is proposed to lay the cornerstone of a Peace Memorial. This day's ceremonies will be presided over by the Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court, our Confederate comrade, and the laying of the cornerstone will be done by the Presi- dent of the United States, and it is within the range of possibility that he may be a Southern man, perhaps the son of a Confederate soldier.
Your Commander feels that the time has come, when, by invitation of our one-time foes, we can unite with them in celebrating that permanent peace, which we pray may forever bless this our great and glorious country. Not the country for which we fought, but that which has arisen from the ashes of that great revolution and the country in which we have our homes and firesides and that coun- try which we will teach our children ever to love, maintain and be proud of.
Every Camp is urged to take immediate action, particularly those in States whose Legislatures do not meet in 1913, to bring this most important matter to the attention of their respective Legislatures to secure endorsement and appropriations. Each State can show its approval of the liberal patriotic aim of the Pennsylvania Commission, by being properly represented in this epochal event.
When attending the recent conference, and reciprocating for him- self and his comrades, the friendly advances of the Pennsylvania Com- mission, your Commander was obliged to act without official consulta- tion with his United Confederate Comrades. But as he was sure that his course of action was for a high and noble purpose and be con- sistent with the lofty promptings of your hearts, he took the respon- sibility, believing that you would endorse him, and hold up his hands. May our gray heads rest in peace in those graves which will soon claim us, with the satisfaction that we have con- tibuted to bringing to our country the blessings of peace and good will. Let us bury deep and forever, all bitterness, but never fail to perpetuate the glorious history of that record of high duty superbly done by you in your young manhood.
By command of
C. IRVINE WALKER, Lieutenant General Commanding.
WILLIAM E. MICKLE,
Adjutant General and Chief of Staff."
Following the issuance of the above General Order, in Janu- ary, February and March, 1912, South Carolina, Georgia, Miss- issippi, Kentucky, Virginia, Maryland, Khode Island, Massa- chusetts, New York and New Jersey, in the order named, were so visited by the Field Secretary, their officials and citizens so conferred with, and their Legislatures so addressed, resulting in an awakening of interest tlierein, which, with the splendid work thereafter done in those States by the respective Repre- sentatives to our Coramission, eventually resulted in appro-
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Gettysburg Reunion. 11
priate legislation and appropriations, as appears in detail form accompanying this report, showing the appropriations by Penn- sylvania, the Congress of the United States, and the other Com- monwealths, States and Territories totalled in all over one million dollars (|1,000,000.00). In visiting all these Southern States, the Field Secretary was accompanied by General Walker, and in each of these states, both North and South, was joined at its capitol by its then Representative to our Com- mission, in South Carolina, General James W. Moore, now de- ceased; Mississippi, Col. AVilliam' A. Montgomery; Kentucky, Colonel Andrew Cowan; Virginia, Genl. J. Thompson Brown; Maryland, Captain John 11, King; Rhode Island, General Elisha H. Rhodes; Massachusetts, Col. Edward O. Skelton; chairman; New York, General Daniel E. Sickles, Chairman; New Jersey, General E. Burd Grubb; now deceased, and Geor- gia, General Andrew J. West. To the important aid and coun- sel, and the introductions given and audiences secured the Field Secretary by these gentlemen, is due in great measure whatever of success attended his visits, and this opportunity is embraced to place on record this Commission's sincere ap- preciation and thanks therefor.
Following this General Conference of October, 1910, and the action of the General Assemblies of various States in 1911 and early in 1912, this Commission conferred at Washington in January and February, 1912, with the Joint Special Committee of the Congress of the United States on this anniversary, and the officials of tlie War Department, resulting in that Commit- tee introducing, and both Houses adopting, on April 3, 1912, a Concurrent Resolution providing: —
"That, preliminary to such legislation by Congress as may be neces- sary to enable the Government of the United States to be properly represented on such occasion, the Secretary of War, be, and he is hereby, authorized and directed to confer with the Fiftieth Anni- versary of the Battle of Gettysburg Commission of the State of Penn-- sylvania, and,
First. To cause to be made such surveys, measurements, and es- timates as will be necesary in regard to providing for a sufficient sup- ply of good water for the use of the honorably discharged Veterans of the Civil War who shall attend the Celebration.
Second. To investigate as to the necessary and proper provision required to be made for sewerage, sanitation, hospital and policing during such Celebration."
12 Gettysburg Reunion.
"Third. To estimate upon the tents, camp equipments, supplies and rations tliat in his judgment will be necessary to properly ac- commodate and provide for the honorably dischargd Veterans of the Civil War who shall attend such commemoration, and to estimate what provision will be necessary to be made for local transportation and care of the honorably discharged Veterans of the Civil War who may or probably will participate in sucli celebration, and to give an estimate of the cost, sep-arately stated, of the several provisions necessary to be made.
Fourth. To estimate the quantity of camp equipment, such as tents, bedding and cooking outfits, necessary to accommodate the honorably discharged Veterans of the Civil War attending, together with the cost per unit of a suitable ration to be issued and as to the best method of providing and issuing such rations: Provided, That the total expenses incurred in the execution of the provisions of this Resolution shall not exceed the sum of two thousand five hundred dollars.
Fifth. To prepare a plan of camp arrangement suitable to the occasion.
Sixth. To report to Congress upon all of these matters within thirty days after the passage of this Resolution."
The War Department pursuant to such directions — but with the expenses thereof borne by Pennsylvania — made a concise yet complete report (that of Capt. Edward T. Hart- mann, Qtm. Corps, U. S. A.) to Congress on May 10, 1912, showing surveys, maps, estimates, et cetera, et cetera, and naming three hundred fifty-eight thousand, six hundred and sixty- two and 84/100 dollars (|358,6G2.81), as the amount that Department would require wherewith to establish and maintain at Gettysburg around the battlefield, a Great Camp, complete in all its provisions of camp and garrison equipment, with all quartermaster, commissary, hospital and other neces- sary supplies, ample for forty thousand honorably discharged Veterans of the Civil War, which was the number of such guests this Commission, from the best data at hand at that date, estimated would in July, 1913, be in attendance at the anniver- sary. After further conferences with the Congressional Com- mittee and the War Department officials, additions, elimina- tions and corrections fixed the total sum required at three hundred thousand dollars, (|300,000.00), and a bill was intro- duced in the Senate, May 29, 1912, by Honorable George T. Oliver, Senator from Pennsylvania, and Chairman of the Com- mittee, as follows: —
"That, within the limits of the appropriation hereinafter made and the sum furnished by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania for such purposes, the Secretary of War be authorized and directed:"
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Getty sliurg Reimion. 13
"First. To make all necessary and proper details of officers of the United States Army to make such surveys, measurements, and es- timates as may be necessary in providing a sufficient supply of good water for public use upon the first, second, third, and fourth days of July, nineteen hundred and thirteen, upon the battlefield of Get- tysburg, in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, upon the com- memoration of the Fiftieth Anniversary of the Battle of Gettysburg, and to make all necessary provisions and perform all necessary acts in connection with bringing upon said battlefield upon said occasion such sufficient supply of good water fit for drinking and other pur- poses connected with and incidental to such occasion.
Second. To provide for all necessary sewerage, sanitation, and hospital service necessary for the health and accommodation of per- sons attending upon such occasion.
Third. To provide and furnish all necessary camp and garrison equipment for visiting veterans of the Civil War, together with all necessary rations and supplies for such veterans during said cele- bration.
The steps authorized in this section to be taken by the "War De- partment shall be fully completed before the first day of July, nine- teen hundred and thirteen, and all camp e:iuipment, supplies, and rations shall be fully ready for occupancy and use.
The Fiftieth Anniversary of the Battle of Gettysburg Commission of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania shall have charge of the order of exercises during the celebration; the physical control of the camp and grounds and the movements of troops and marching bodies there- in shall be in the hands of the Secretary of War, under such officers as he may detail for that purpose.
There is appropriated one-half of such sum as may be necessary to carry out the foregoing provisions of this section, said one-half not to exceed the sum of $150,000.00 to continue available during the fiscal years nineteen hundred and thirteen and nineteen hundred and four- teen: Provided, That out of the sum of $250,000.00 heretofore pledged by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania by act of the General Assembly of that Commonwealth, adopted on the fourteenth day of June, nine- teen hundred and eleven, the Commission appointed by the Governor of Pennsylvania, in accordance with said act and having charge of such celebration, shall set aside and appropriate a sum equal to the amount above appropriated, to wit, the sum of $150,000.00; so much of which as may be necessary shall be expended for the purposes pro- vided in this section, under the sole direction of the Secretary of War; And provided further. That until the said commission shall adopt a resolution agreeing that the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania shall bear one-half of the expenses incurred in carrying out the pro- visions of this section, and shall furnish to the Secretary of War a certified copy of such resolutions, no part of the sum appropriated in this section shall be expended."
A Second General Conference of this Commission with the
14 Gettysburg Reunion.
Eepresentatives from each Commonwealth, State and Territory to this Commission, the Congressional Committee, the officials of the War Department, and the Chairmen of the Grand Army of the Republic and the United Confederate Veteran Commit- tees, being at that time, May 29th, in session in Washington, ''to further perfect plans and details of the celebration," with some sixty participants therein, the Conference was advised, just before adjournment, that upon the Bill having been pre- sented to the Senate that morning, same had unanimously passed and been immediately messaged to the House of Repre- sentatives, and there referred to tlie Appropriation Committee, thus adding greatly to the enthusiasm of our Representatives about departing homeward. During the protracted sessions of the National House of Representatives in June, July and Aug- ust, 1912, and the excitement incident to the national political conventions, occurring at that time, great difficulty was experi- enced in securing any action whatever by the Sub-committee on Deficiencies of the House Appropriation Committee, but the Bill's passage at that Session being deemed vital by this Com- mission, its Field Secretary remained almost constantly at Washington, and the Commission exerting its utmost influence, finally prevailed, although the Bill was held in committee until the closing hours of the Session, and was then reported out as an Item in the General Deficiency Appropriation Bill but that Bill becoming deadlocked between the Senate and House, it thus became the last Act passed at that Session of the Sixty- second Congress and received President Taft's immediate ap- proval a few minutes before the final adjournment, August 26th, 1912, the President thus most acceptably proving his strong endorsements theretofore continuously given us in our undertaking, and for which the sincere thanks of this Commis- sion are hereby tendered.
The War Department having held its arrangements in obey- ance until then, proceeded immediately upon its task, and jointly and in complete harmony with this Commission started to work out the many questions and conditions arising, a Joint Headquarters at Gettysburg for the Army Officers detailed there upon this work and this Commission being opened at No. 231 Baltimore street and maintained until the Great Camp was entirely closed and removed August 15th, 1913.
Meanwhile, throughout the nation interest in the anniver- sary was growing apace, the Grand Army of the Republic,
William Howard Taft,
President of the United States, March, 190S-March,
Gettysburg Reunion. 15
March 4, 1912, through its then Commander-in-Chief, Harvey M. Trimble, addressing the folloAving official communication to General C. Irvine Walker: —
"Headquarters Grand Army of the Republic,
Chicago, Illinois, March 4, 1912. Lieutenant General C. Irvine Walker,
Commander-in-Chief, United Confederate "Veterans, Charleston, South Carolina.
Dear General:— I have read your General Orders No. 9 with very great pleasure. From it I learn that you are fully advised of the action taken by the State of Pennsylvania, and the plans already well under way, for the Celebration of the Fiftieth Anniversary of the Battle of Gettysburg, on July 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th, 1913; and that you also know that the Commission created by that State, has re- quested all surviving soldiers of the Civil War, North and South, to participate therein as officially invited guests, to be provided with seats in a body at all official functions during the Celebration, under the joint direction of the Commanders-in-Chief of the Grand Army of the Republic and United Confederate Veterans, subject, of course to the approval of the Commission.
If this event might mark the final and complete reconciliation be- tween those of the opposing armies of fifty years ago, and the perma- nent establishment of harmonious and fraternal relations between the North and South, it would certainly gladden the hearts of all our countrymen.
To that end, voicing, as he believes, the common sentiment of his comrades, and speaking for them in that behalf, the Commander-in- Chief of the Grand Army of the Republic, extends to you and to your comrades of the United Confederate Veterans most cordial greetings; and sincerely requests that you and your comrades, in numbers as great as shall be possible, join with the Veterans of the Grand Army of the Republic in the Celebration of the Semi-Centennial of the Bat- tle of Gettysburg.
Let us assemble there, and meet and greet each other hand to hand and heart to heart in the spirit of true friendship and brotherhood, born out of love for the Flag and devotion to our common Country. Thus will all the wounds of our former strife be healed, as they must sometime be, that this people, as a united and vital force, may ef- fectively and mightily solve the problems of our Nation's destiny in world affairs and human progress.
Let us assemble there, and inaugurate a great Peace Monument, under which shall be entombed forever any lingering prejudices and bitterness that may have survived the ebbing tides of passion through half a century of peace, to symbolize to all our people, and to the generations yet to be, that even out of the dead dust and ashes of war, under the sunlight of our christian civilization, the fragrant flowers of peace and amity may grow and bloom.
Let us assemble there, where so many comrades of the Blue and of the Gray found common sepulchre on that historic field, made im-"
16 Gettysburg Reunion.
"mortal in the world's memory by their unexcelled herosim, and there, in that sacred presence, mutually pledge to each other our constant fealty to a re-united and indissoluble American Republic.
With this invitation goes the outstretched hand of friendship, which I feel will surely be accepted in the spirit in which it is extended. Fraternally and sincerely yours,
H. M. TRIMBLE, Commander-in-Chief, Grand Army of the Republic. Official :
CHARLES E. KOCH,
Adjutant General."
(
This communication being presented in May by General
Walker to his Confederate Comrades then in Annual Reunion
in Macon, Georgia, its invitation was enthusiastically accepted
as follows: —
"Whereas, General H. M. Trimble, Commander-inChief of the Grand Army of the Republic, voicing the common sentiments of his com- rades, has issued an invitation to the United Confederate Veterans to participate in all good fellowship, with the Grand Army of the Republic in the Celebration of the Fiftieth Anniversary of the Battle of Gettysburg, which invitation is clothed in the most patriotic sen- timent, which sentiment, so nobly expressed, we most highly honor; and
Whereas, The general invitation to participate in this Celebration has been accepted by every State of our Country and all have ap- pointed representatives, most of whom from the South being our veteran comrades. Therefore, be It
Resolved, First- That the United Confederate Veterans cordially re- ciprocate the fraternity so warmly shown in this invitation and gladly accept it in the same spirit of pure patriotism and sincere good will in which it has been extended.
Second. That the United Confederate Veterans most earnestly and heartily unite with the Grand Army of the Republic in the hope so well expressed by General Trimble that this event may mark the final and complete reconciliation of those of the opposing armies of fifty years ago and the permanent establishment of harmonious and fra- ternal relations between the North and South, and that it may glad- den the hearts of all our countrymen.
Third. That to induce the largest possible attendance of Confed- erate Veterans at said Celebration and to represent the United Con- federate Veterans in any co-operative effort with the Grand Army of the Republic, the Pennsylvania-Gettysburg Commission or others, in matters relating to the aforesaid Celebration, a Committee be ap- pointed, consisting of General C. Irvine Walker, Chairman, and one Veteran from each of the U. C. V. Divisions."
This Committee then appointed corresponded to a similar General Gettysburg Committee of the Grand Army of the
GRAND ARMY OF THE REPUBLIC, GENERAL COMMITTEE ON GETTYSBURG REUNION.
(n HON. Ell TORRANCE MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA, PAST COMMANDER-IN- CHIEF G.A. R.,AND CHAIRMAN OFTHE NATIONAL COMMITTEE OF THE G. A. R., ON THE 50TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. I2i COL. CHARLES H. MCCONNELL, CHICAGO, ILLINOIS. i") GENERAL JAMES W. LATTA, PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA. (4) CAPTAIN E. R. MONFORT, ClN-- CINNATI, OHIO. (."il CAPTAIN DAVID E. BEEM, SPENCER, INDIANA^
GRAND ARMY OF THE REPUBLIC, GENERAL COMMITTEE ON GETTYSBURG REUNION.
(M MAJOR JOHN BIGELOW, MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA. (2) CAPTAIN GILBERT M. WOODWARD, LACROSSE, WISCONSIN. (3) GEN. JAMES H. KIDD, lONIA, MICHIGAN, DeceaW. (4) COLONEL CHARLES A. CLARK, CEDAR RAPIDS, IOWA, (r,) GENERAL LESTER S. WILLSON, BOZEMAN, MONTANA. (Ci) LIEUT. GEO. W. MARTIN, BROOKFIELD, MISSOURI.
UNITED CONFEDERATE VETERANS, GENERAL COMMITTEE ON GETTYSBURG REUNION.
(1) GENERAL C. IRVINE WALKER, CHARLESTON, SOUTH CAROLINA HON- ORARY COMMANDER -IN-CHIEF U.C.V. AND CHAIRMAN U.C.V. COMMITTEE ON GETTYSBURG REUNION. (2) GEN. T. W. CASTLEMAN, NEW ORLEANS
LOUISIANA. (3) COL. GEO. C. NORTON, LOUISVILLE, KENTUCKY. (4) COL JOHN S. REID, EATONTON, GEORGIA. (5) GEN. ABRAHAM D. WILLIAMS JACK- SO N VI LL E. F LO R 1 D A . (6) HON. TIM. E. COOPER, JACKSON, MISSISSIPPI
UNITED CONFEDERATE VETERANS GENERAL COMMITTEE ON "^■^ GETTYSBURG REUNION.
^i^:ii%^
?S^E»oarLU Or."oM7c,Ty, OKU.HOM., .7. OEM. T„0 = ^ G»EEN, S«,. P.NE
BLUFF, ARKANSAS.
^"^
urcell. Connecticut.
Singmaster, Gettysburg- ommittee.
ranville, President, Pennsyl- ge, Gettysburg. C. Scarborough, North Oaro-
CarroU, Connecticut. Kingman, South Dakota. Burrows, New Jersey. iBlakeman, Connecticut.
Gettysburg Reunion. 17
Kepublic, which that organization appointed in 1909, with Honorable Ell Torrance, of Minnesota, a Past-Commander-in- Chief, Chairman, with Representatives thereon from every State represented in that organization. All of the above was given wide publicity in the newspapers and periodicals throughout the Nation, accompanied by commendatory editorials and com- ments.
This Commission in 1911 having met bereavement in the death of two of its original members, Lewis T, Brown, of Pitts- burgh, on March 19th (Private, 102nd Penna. Vols.) ; and Wm. Penn Lloyd, of Mechanicsburg, on September 20th, (Adjutant, 1st Penna. Cavalry), in their stead, Wil- liam J. Patterson, of Pittsburgh, Captain 62nd Penna. Vol. Inf. ; and William E. Miller, Carlisle, Captain 3rd Penna. Cav- alry, were duly aj)pointed by His Excellency, Governor Tener, and in 1912, the resignation of Captain and Rev. Dr. J. Rich- ards Boyle, the Commission's Secretary, having been accepted in June by His Excellency, he appointed to the Commission in October, J. M. Schoonmaker, of Pittsburgh, Colonel, 14th Penna. Cavalry and Brevet Brig. General, U. S. Vols, and the then Field Secretary, Lewis E. Beitler, of Philadelphia, was chosen Secretary.
The War Department's work of establishing the Great Camp was progressing most satisfactorily, and as in January, 1913, the General Assembly in some thirty-eight States would con- vene, and as various States that had not yet taken legislative action to participate in the Great Reunion, must then do so at once or not at all, this Commission deemed a Third General Conference held that month would prove most advantageous, and accordingly so invited the Representatives, the officials of the War Department, and others in interest to be its guests at Philadelphia, January 23rd and 24th, 1913, and the Union League of Philadelphia, — an organization brought to life in 1862, to support the Union, and whose motto is "Armor patriae ducit" — "Love of Country Leads" — tendered the courtesies of its beautifully appointed club house to the Commission and all its guests, and the invitation being accepted, its hospitalities were enjoyed unreservedly by Blue and Gray alike. The Con- ference, with some sixty-five participants therein, resulted in much progress being made in perfecting remaining details of the Great Reunion, among others the vital questions of
"^m'i
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Gettysburg Reunion. 17
Republic, which that organization appointed in 1909, with Honorable Ell Torrance, of Minnesota, a Past-Commander-in- Chief, Chairman, with Representatives thereon from every State represented in that organization. All of the above was given wide publicity in the newspapers and periodicals throughout the Nation, accompanied by commendatory editorials and com- ments.
This Commission in 1911 having met bereavement in the death of two of its original members, Lewis T. Brown, of Pitts- burgh, on March 19th (Private, 102nd Penna. Vols.); and Wm. Penn Lloyd, of Mechanicsburg, on September 20th, (Adjutant, 1st Penna. Cavalry), in their stead, Wil- liam J. Patterson, of Pittsburgh, Captain 62nd Penna. Vol. Inf. ; and William E. Miller, Carlisle, Captain 3rd Penna. Cav- alry, were duly appointed by His Excellency, Governor Tener, and in 1912, the resignation of Captain and Rev. Dr. J. Rich- ards Boyle, the Commission's Secretary, having been accepted in June by His Excellency, he appointed to the Commission in October, J. M. Schoonmaker, of Pittsburgh, Colonel, 14th Penna. Cavalry and Brevet Brig. General, U. S. Vols, and the then Field Secretary, Lewis E. Beitler, of Philadelphia, was chosen Secretary.
The War Department's work of establishing the Great Camp was progressing most satisfactorily, and as in January, 1913, the General Assembly in some thirty-eight States w^ould con- vene, and as various States that had not yet taken legislative action to participate in the Great Reunion, must then do so at once or not at all, this Commission deemed a Third General Conference held that month would prove most advantageous, and accordingly so invited the Representatives, the officials of the War Department, and others in interest to be its guests at Philadelphia, January 23rd and 24th, 1913, and the Union League of Philadelphia, — an organization brought to life in 1862, to support the Union, and whose motto is ''Armor patriae ducit" — "Love of Country Leads" — tendered the courtesies of its beautifully appointed club house to the Commission and all its guests, and the invitation being accepted, its hospitalities were enjoyed unreservedly by Blue and Gray alike. The Con- ference, with some sixty-five participants therein, resulted in much progress being made in perfecting remaining details of the Great Reunion, among others the vital questions of
18 Gettyshurg Reunion.
whether both Blue and Gray Uniforms should be worn there during the Reunion, and both Union and Confederate Flags carried, or no Uniforms at all and only the American Flag be permitted there, were freely and fully discussed, and finally settled by His Excellency, John K. Tener, Governor of Penn- sylvania, who, having accepted the Commission's invitation, was present and who stated that
"Aside from the great pleasure it gives me here today to meet the Representatives of the various States, I want to extend to them the most cordial welcome, and to assure them that so far as Pennsylvania citizenship is concerned, or the administration in Pennsylvania, that we shall not quibble, we do not care what uniforms are worn. You will be just as welcome in uniforms, whether they be Gray or Blue, as in civilian dress. *****
Pennsylvania, however must claim to be the host, and it will on that occasion be the host really of the Representatives of the States, those Representatives designated by the Governors, and invited by us. So that your care, and the great care will be in bringing the veterans of your own States to Gettysburg and return. Outside of that there need be no concern with respect to finances. We expect to provide for all our guests comfortably. We hope your every ex- pectation will be realized, and that you will return feeling that the Celebration, or rather the Reunion, has been a success, not only in your participation in it, but in ours as well, and that the same good feeling will obtain when you return home as it does here today, and which goes out from us to you at this time. I hope that as many as possible will be in attendance, and that we will renew this ac- quaintance so pleasantly begun here, and that it will ripen into the firmest and strongest of friendships."
In February, the resignation of Major R. Dale Benson, pre- sented sometime earlier, was accepted by His Excellency, Gov- ernor Tener, and General Wagner, also tendering his resigna- tion as Member, Chairman and Treasurer of the Commission, his was then likewise accepted, and in March His Excellency duly filled the vacancies by the appointment of George F. Baer, of Reading, Captain, 133rd Penna. Vol. Infantry; and John P. Green, of Philadelphia, Captain and Asst. Adjutant General, U. S. Vols. ; the Commission then electing Colonel J. M. Schoon- maker. Chairman; and appointing Mr. Samuel C. Todd, of Charleroi, Treasurer, and removing its Headquarters to room 509, in the Capitol at Harrisburg. In September, Alexander McDowell, (Sergeant, 121st Penna. V. Infty., and Brevet Major), an original Member of tlie Commission, was claimed by death, the third fatality in our Commission. The vacancy remains unfilled.
Oettyshurg Reunion. 19
His Excellency, G-overnor Tener, in his Biennial Message to the General Assembly of Pennsylvania, January 7, 1913, stated
"***** tq yg j^jj^ living, after the lapse of half a century, falls the patriotic duty of commemorating the historic Battle of Gettysburg. I therefore recommend that suitable appropriation be made at an early date in order that there may be no delay in carrying to completion the plans of the Commission."
Two Bills were accordingly introduced in the House of Eep- resentatives, the first on January 29th,
"Providing for the transportation to Gettysburg of State officials, guests of the State, and certain honorably discharged soldiers on the occasion of the celebration of the fiftieth anniversary of the Battle of Gettysburg, providing for the expenses of the Commission in charge of the transportation, prohibiting misrepresentation in obtaining transportation, fixing penalties for violation thereof and making an appropriation, ******
and the second, on March 17th,
"making an appropriation to the Fiftieth Anniversary of the Battle of Gettysburg Commission to further carry out the provisions of the acts of Assembly (of 1909 and 1911) respectively creating said Com- mission and defining the duty thereof and making preliminary ap- propriations therefor."
This first 1913 bill provided
"***** That on the occasion of the celebration of the Fiftieth Anniversary of the Battle of Gettysburg, the Commission known as the Fiftieth Anniversary of the Battle of Gettysburg Commission, is authorized to transport to and from Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, and to enter into contracts for such transportation, such State officials and guests as the Governor may designate, such honorabily discharged soldiers who enlisted from this Commonwealth and served in a Penn- sylvania regiment or any unit of Pennsylvania Volunteers at any period during the Civil War, including commands of the Pennsyl- vania volunteer militia, and such honorably discharged soldiers of the regular army of the United States , now residents of Pennsylvania , who participated in said battle. And, if in the judgment of the said commission it is feasible, because of the limited time yet remaining in which to first verify the war record of the applicant and then issue transportation, the said commission may also issue such transpor- tation to all honorably discharged Union soldiers, sailors, and ma- rines of the Civil War, who are now living in Pennsylvania as citi- zens of this Commonwealth; and, also, to such soldiers who served in the Confederate Army, and are now living in Pennsylvania as citizens of this Commonwealth. Such transportation shall be by rail-"
20 * Gettysburg Reunion.
"road, from the station in Pennsylvania nearest to the place of resi- dence of the person transported, and by the most direct route to and from Gettysburg."
and carried an appropriation therefor of one hundred and sixtA'-five thousand ($165,000.00) dollars, or so much thereof as might be needed, and the second 1913 Bill recited that the Act of 1909 created the Commission, defined its duties and preroga- tives, and made a preliminary appropriation therefor, but that the Act of 1911
<<**** =f= made a further preliminary appropriation for the same purpose, and therein expressed a promise, on the part of the Common- wealth of Pennsylvania, that funds sufficient for the proper recep- tion and care of all our guests during their stay at Gettysburg on said occasion would be granted in due time; and,
"Whereas, The Congress of the United States, by enactment ap- proved August twenty-sixth. Anno Domini, one thousand nine hun- dred and twelve, authorized and directed the War Department to create and maintain at Gettysburg during the above celebration a great camp around the battlefield, with all necessary camp, garrison and hospital equipment, rations, supplies, et cetera, for visiting Veterans of the Civil War, conditioned upon the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania bearing one-half the expense thereof; and.
Whereas, Said Department has so leased adequate grounds there- for, and is proceeding so to create thereon such great camp, and will so equip and maintain same; therefore, *****
That to enable the commission to further carry out the provisions of the above recited acts of the General Assembly of Pennsylvania, and to meet the obligation imposed upon the Commonwealth of Penn- sylvania by the above recited Act of Congress, the sum of one hun- dred and ninety-five thousand ($19.5,000.00) dollars, or so much thereof as may be necessary, is hereby specifically appropriated."
Both Bills were passed unanimously by both Houses, and both were approved by His Excellency, Governor Tener, April 17, 1913, thus making Pennsylvania's appropriations for her share in the Great Reunion, total to that date four hundred and fifteen thousand ( $415,000.00) dollars.
To the end that each and every Veteran eligible thereunder might have the fullest and earliest notice thereof possible, immediately there were sent forth, in explicit detail, the re- quirements that must be observed to secure Pennsylvania's free Gettysburg transportation, we using every available chan- nel of publicity, not only particularly throughout Pennsylva- nia but also through the Nation at large, in newspapers and
Oettyshurg Reunion. 21
periodicals, National and State Headquarters and Posts gener- ally of the Grand Array of the Republic, and by individual letters as follows: —
"COMMONWEALTH OP PENNSYLVANIA.
1863—1913.
Fiftieth Anniversary of the Battle of Gettysburg Commission.
Harrisburg, April 18, 1913.
Dear Sir: — The Acts just passed by the General Assembly of Penn- sylvania, regarding the Great Gettysburg Reunion Celebration, at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, July 1-4 next, were immediately approved by Governor Tener, and the one appropriating $165,000.00 for the Pennsylvania Commission to provide FREE transportation to Gettys- burg and return makes the following five (5) classes of Soldiers, Sail- ors and Marines of the Civil War eligible to such transportation, PRO- VIDED the war record of each applicant is FIRST proven to be cor- rect by the Pennsylvania Commission: —
Class A. All Honorably discharged Soldiers who enlisted from this Commonwealth and served in a Pennsylvania Regiment, or any unit of Pennsylvania Volunteers, at any period during the Civil War, in- cluding commands of the Pennsylvania Volunteer Militia (Emergency Regiments) and independent companies, batteries, and troops who are now living in Pennsylvania as citizens of this Commonwealth.
Class B. Any of the above who are now living in other States, but Pennsylvania provides these free transportation to Gettysburg and return only from the railroad station on the border of Pennsylvania which is nearest to their present residence; also
Class C. To any Soldier, either Union or Confederate, borne upon the rolls of any other States as a Civil War Veteran, but now living WITHIN Pennsylvania, as a citizen of this Commonwealth, such transportation may be issued; likewise
Class D. To United States Regulars, Soldiers of the Civil War, now living within Pennsylvania, as citizens of this Commonwealth; and in addition
Class E. To United States Sailors and Marines, Veterans of the Civil War, now living in Pennsylvania as citizens of this Common- wealth.
ALL APPLICATIONS THEREFOR MUST BE MADE, AND BE- FORE JUNE 1st, AND THE EARLIER THE BETTER, TO THE PENNSYLVANIA GETTYSBURG COMMISSION, AT THE CAPITOL, HARRISBURG, PA., AND UPON APPLICATION BLANKS NOW PROCURABLE FROM SAID COMMISSION, WHEREIN MUST BE STATED EXPLICITY THE WAR RECORD, ET CETERA, OF EACH APPLICANT, WHO MUST, IN APPLYING FOR SUCH APPLICA- TION BLANK, STATE WHAT CLASS HE COMES UNDER."
Pending the passage of these Acts, and that the awakened interest all over the Nation, North, South, East and West,
22 Gettysdurg Reunion.
might be met with concise, exact and official information, the following Circular Letter was published and sent broadcast to every part of the country, through every available channel possible, some forty thousand (40,000) copies issuing: —
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA 1863 9^^^^ 1913
FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY
OF THE
Battle of Gettysburg Commission
I Gettysburg Headquarters, | V 231 Baltimore Street. /
OFFICERS. COLONKL J. M. SCHOONMAKER, Chairman. The Pittsburgh and Lake Erie
Railroad Co., Pittsburgh. LT. COL. LEWIS E. BEITLER. Secretary. Room 509, Capitol, Harrisburg.
COMMISSIONERS. J. M. SCHOONMAKER, Colonel, 14th Pa. Cavalry and Brevet Brig. Gen'l,
U. S. Vols. WM. D. DIXON, Brevet Brig. Gen'l, U. S. Vols. R. BRUCE RICKETTS, Major and Brevet Col., 1st Pa. Art. ALEXANDER MoDOWELL, Sergeant, 121st Pa. Infty. and Brevet Major. IRVIN K. CAMPBELL, Corporal, 9th Pa. Reserves. WILLIAM J. PATTERSON, Captain, ()2nd Pa. Infty. WILLIAM E. MILLER, Captain, 3rd Pa. Cavalry. GEORGE F. BAER, Captain, 133rd Pa. Inftv. JOHN P. GREEN, Captain and Asst. Adj. Gen., U. S. Vols.
Room 509 Capitol, Harrisburg, April 5th, 1913. To the Veteran of tlie Civil "War.
Comrade: OFFICIAL DETAILED INFORMATION concerning the above celebration is here given IN FULL, that such veterans as Pennsylvania may have the honor of entertaining at Gettysburg at the Great Reunion may learn its general scope and plans and all ar- rangements, SO far perfected, for their care, comfort and pleasure. Very respectfully yours,
J. M. SCHOONMAKER,
Chairman. LEWIS E. BEITLER,
Secretary.
1. Inception: Pennsylvania, by Act of Assembly approved May 13, 1909, created the above Commission.
"* * * .to consider and arrange for a proper and fitting recogni- tion and observance, at Gettysburg, of the Fiftieth Anni- versary of the Battle of Gettysburg with authority to invite"
A PENNSYLVANIA VETERAN SHOWING HiS NAME ON HiS MONUMENT TO A
New York Comrade.
The \a,ne of Ercn, Pennsylvania Soldier Who Fought at Gettysburg is Recorded
on These Bronze Tablets Adorning Her Memorial Monument.
Gettysburg Reunion. 23
"the co-operation of the Congress of the United States, and of
other States and Commonwealth," defined the Commission's duties and prerogatives and made an appropriation for preliminary expenses.
2. Invitation: Pennsylvania, by its Commission that month formally
invited the Congress of the United States and her Sister States
and Commonwealths
"to accept this invitation from the Commonwealth upon whose soil the Battle of Gettysburg was fought, to share in this im- portant anniversary and to help to make it an event worthy of its historical significance, and an occasion creditable and impressive to our great and re-united Nation."
and likewise invited the co-operation and participation of the
Grand Army of the Republic and of the United Confederate
Veterans.
3. Acceptances: Congress, in June, 1910, under Concurrent Resolu-
tion created a Joint Special Committee of Congress on the Fiftieth Anniversary ^of the B^.ttle of Gettysburg "* * * to confer with the Fiftieth Anniversary of the Battle of Gettysburg Commission of Pennsylvania and report as soon as may be, the recommendations of said committee as to the proper action to be taken by Congress to enable the United States fittingly to join in the celebration of the fiftieth anni- versary of the Battle of Gettysburg." and every State, Commonwealth and Territory, the District of Columbia, Porto Rico, Hawaii and Alaska, by their respective Governors, accredited a Representative to the Pennsylvania Commission, and both the Grand Army of the Republic and the United Confederate Veterans appointed a General Committee thereon respectively, all to so aid as above. (See complete list, paragraph 16.)
4. General Conferences: Pennsylvania in October, 1910, for the
purpose of agreeing upon the general scope and plans of the Celebration invited and arranged for the first General Confer- ence of her Commission, the Congressional Committee, Officers of the War Department, the Representatives to her Commission from the several Commonwealths, States and Territories, and the Chairmen of the G. A. R. and U. C. V. Committees, at Get- tysburg, Pa., followed in May, 1912, and January, 1913, by the Second and Third, at Washington, D. C. , and Philadelphia, Pa., respectively, to be now followed within a month by the Fourth and final Conference at Gettysburg, when all remaining details will be perfected.
5. General Scope and Plans: At these General Conferences it was
decided the Celebration shall be a Great Reunion at Gettysburg, Pa., from the North, South, East and West, of the Veterans of the Civil War, on July 1st, 2d, 3d and 4th, 1913.
6. Host: Pennsylvania — she providing all entertainment at Gettys-
burg during July 1,2,3 and 4, 1913, for forty thousand (40,-
3
24 Getti/siurg Reunion.
000) "honorably discharged Veterans of the Civil War," and she and the National Government together, as provided by the Act of Congress of August 26, 1912, by each paying $150,000.00 for the War Department with the $300,000.00 total, to create and maintain a Great Camp around the battlefield, complete in all its provisions of camp and garrison equipment, with all quartermaster, commissary, hospital and other necessary sup- plies ample for such forty thousand (40,000) veterans.
7. Camp Accommodations: The camp comprises some two hundred
and eighty (280) contiguous acres, starting about two hundred (200) yards from the High Water Mark Monument on the battle- field, and lying to the southwest of the town and partly upon the scene of the first day's fight, consists of 5,000 tents, regu- larly holding twelve (12) men each, but now to hold but eight (8) veterans, each veteran being supplied with a separate cot, blanket and mess kit, (the latter to become his property), each tent to contain also two (2) hand basins, one (1) water bucket and two (2) lanterns for candles, and candles for each. Towels, soap and other toilet articles must be provided by the veteran himself. Meals to be served him at tables adjoining -the kitchen at the end of each company street. His baggage must not in- clude any trunk, but must be restricted to hand baggage only, the handling and care of which rests with him. To aid in prompt delivery, all mail matter and telegrams must not only be plainly addressed to the individual veteran, but also must in addi- tion state "Veteran ' with Maine Delegation" or "Mississippi Delegation," or whatever state delegation it may be. The Penn- sylvania Commission having charge of the order of exercises during the celebration; the physical control of the camp and grounds and the movements of troops and marching bodies therein to be in charge of the Secretary of War, under such of- • ficers as he may detail for that purpose.
8. Assignment to Camp Accommodations: Immediately upon a
State, through its Representative to our Commission, advising us definitely how many veterans will be present from that State as our guests, the Pennsylvania Commission will assign to that State a section of the camp with sufficient tents, all sub-divisions of tliese tents in such section to be made only by that State's Representative to our Commission, Pennsylvania making no assignments save to an entire State.
9. When Camp Will he Opened and Closed: To avoid as far as pos-
sible congesting the railroads at Gettysburg in bringing and taking away our guests, the camp will be opened in complete readiness for the reception of veterans on Sunday, June 29th, 1913, the first meal to be served being supper that evening, and will continue open until the following Sunday, July 6, 1913, the last meal to be served being breakfast that morning, no one, under any circumstances whatsoever, being allowed i i the camp before nor after these dates.
Gettysburg Reunion. 25
^^^=^ 10. Entire Camp and All Arrangements for Veterans ONLY: Under the Acts of Assembly of Pennsylvania and of the Congress' of the United States, only veterans of the Civil War may be pro- vided food, shelter and entertainment within the great camp around the battlefield; therefore, no woman, nor child, nor any man not such veteran, will be given such food, shelter or entertainment therein, and no veteran accompanied at Gettys- burg by a woman or child, or man not such veteran, will be given any such food, shelter or entertainment therein for himself and them also, but only for himself alone, the above laws so pro- hibiting, and therefore, no sleeping, toilet, or other arrange- ments that would make it possible for women or children to sleep or be fed in the camp have been nor will be made. Furthere:^^f^ no veteran should bring to Gettysburg any member of his family or other person for whom he will so have to obtain food and quarters outside the camp, unless all arrangements therefor have first been made and secured by him for them before he or they come to Gettysburg.
1|^^=^ 11. Necessary Credentials : To the end that this Great Reunion may- be enjoyed to the full by only those for whom Pennsylvania and likewise the National Government and her Sister Common- wealth, States and Territories have intended and planned it, 1. e., the known veteran of the Civil War, and only by him, Pennsylvania and the National Government, by the officers there detailed for the purpose, and before any entrance to or ac- commodations in the Great Camp will be allowed or given, will exact an authentic Credential from each and every individual veteran showing him such to be, which must either be his honorable discharge, his pension certificate or a certificate of service from either the Governor of his State in which he en- listed (or from the officer the Governor designates) or, if he was a Regular, from the U. S. War Department, or, if he was a sailor or member of the marine corps, from the U. S. Navy Department, or a certificate of identification from a com- mander of a Post of the Grand Army of the Republic, or from a commander of a Camp of the United Confederate Veterans.
12. Free Transportation to and From Gettysburg: With each Com- monwealth, State and Territory rests absolutely the determina- tion, as each deems best, to what veterans of the Civil War it will issue free transportation, Pennsylvania's invitation being that to such "honorably discharged veterans of the Civil War" as come to Gettysburg for the above celebration, either upon free transportation or at their own expense, and present proper credentials proving them to be such veterans, she will provide food, shelter and entertainments during that period, but she furnishes free transportation to no one, save only to her own veterans or veterans now resident within her borders, and to them only under Legislative direction, which is noio pending in her General Assembly, the National Government furnishing no free transportation at all.
26 Gettysburg Reunion.
13. Railroad Rates, etc. The Trunk Line Passenger Association, in whose territory Gettysburg is, has granted a one and three- fifths round trip excursion rate, good going June 25th and re- turning to original starting point by July 15th, a 20-day ticket, good only on same route going and coming and costing 2c per mile, but each State must make its own arrangements with the similar associations covering the territory from that State to Pennsylvania. The railroads at Gettysburg refuse, because of lack of room, to park or accommodate there any cars on side tracks. llf. Programme of Exercises: The programme for the four days' ex- ercises and entertainment is not yet perfected in detail, but the tentative suggestions are:
July 1st — Veterans' Day:
Appropriate exercises under the joint direction of the Penn- sylvania Commission, and the Commanders-in-Chief of the Grand Army of the Republic and the United Confederate Veterans.
July 2d — Military Day:
Under the direction of the Chief of Staff of the United States Army. Special detachments of each arm of the Regular Service to participate as directed.
July 3d — Civic Day:
Under the direction of the Governor of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, presiding, and participated in by the Governors of the several States. Orations, sermon and music.
July 4th — National Day:
The Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court presid- ing. Forenoon, Oriation by the President of the United States. High noon, he to lay the cornerstone of a great Peace Memorial. Evening, fireworks. 15. Reunions: A great tent, seating between ten thousand (10,000) and fifteen thousand (15,000) veterans, will be erected immedi- ately adjoining the camp, and therein will occur the above ex- ercises, excepting the military parade and fireworks, and there- in, save for the hours set apart for the above exercises, the veterans may hold all reunions they may desire, the tent being arranged to be sub-divided into numerous separate enclosures. All such organizations desiring to therein hold such reunions must address, before June 1st, "Lt. Col. Lewis E. Bcitler, Sec- retary, Pennsylvania Gettysburg Commission, Room 509, Capi- tol, Harrisburg Pa.," stating explicity the name of the organi- zation or association, the day, date and hour reservation is desired, and, just as accurately as possible, the number of vet- erans who will participate therein. All such reunions therein will be allowed only after due and formal application is so made, and official reservation is granted by letter to the proper officer of such organization, after which ofl^cial notices of the day, date and hour of the reunion of the various organization so granted will be posted on the official bulletin boards through-
Gettysburg Reunion. 27
out the camp. All veterans of the Civil War, North and South, are urged to wear their Army, Corps, Division, Brigade and Society Badges, as a means of identification to their comrades in like commands, in the expectation that it will assist in im- parting information as to when and where their different or- ganizations meet, and in bringing together comrades who would otherwise, by reason of lapse of time, fail to recognize each other.
16. Representatives to the Pennsylva^iia Commission: Appointed by the respective Governors of the several Commonwealths, States and Territories, to arrange ALL matters pertaining to the participation of their veterans, and therefore the veteran in these respective States is respectfully referred for any and all infor- mation concerning HIS State's arrangements to the following Representatives:
28
Gettysburg Reunion.
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Gettysburg Reunion.
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30 Gettysburg Reunion.
Continuing to maintain close relationship with each of the above Representatives from the several Commonwealths, States and Territories, and also the Committees of the Grand Army of the Republic and the United Confederate Veterans, that con- certed and harmonious action would follow in the many mat- ters of* mutual interest continually arising, — State legislation, appropriations, attendance, et cetera, et cetera, — and while the all important co-operation with the officials of tlie War Depart- ment in their work of establishing the camp at Gettysburg, progressing so splendidly, was constantly before this Commis- sion, there was now this added duty, — to see to it that no vet- eran eligible to Pennsylvania's free Gettysburg transportation, should fail of the fullest and earliest notice thereof possible. Therefore, necessary blanks, with plain and explicit instruc- tions printed thereon, maps of the Great Camp, and the above Circular Letter, were at once distributed by thousands, and her veterans both in and out of the State, and the other veterans as above, made their applications accordingly therefor. Their records of service being verified, and proving them eligible thereto, this Commission issued twenty-two thousand eight hundred and sixty-four (22,864) orders for such free transpor- tation, good from June 25, to July 15, mailing same June 20- 23, to veterans resident within the State, and June 5-10, to Pennsylvania veterans resident elsewhere. These orders read over forty-seven railroads and railroad systems in Pennsylva- nia, and from stations in every county thereof, the mailing list of her veterans resident outside of Pennsylvania embracing every State of the Union, and the total payment made the railroads for all such transportation
"from the station in Pennsylvania nearest to the place of residence of the person transported and by the most direct route to and from Get- tysburg,"
was one hundred and fortytwo thousand, two hundred ninety- seven and 24-100 dollars (|142,297.24), as shown by the follow- ing tabulated statement: —
Gettyshurg Reunion.
31
Transportation Orders Honored, Veterans Carried and Amounts Paid Railroad Companies For Transportation.
|
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1. Baltimore and Ohio Railroad,
2. P.ellefonte Central Railroad,
3. Bessemer and Lake Erie Railroad
4. Bloomsburg and Sullivan Railroad,
5. Buffalo, Rochester and Pittsburgh Railway
6. Buffalo and Susquehanna Railway,
7. Central Railroad of New Jersey,
8. Central Railroad of Pennsylvania
9. Chestnut Ridge Railroad
10. Chicago and Northwestern Lines,
11. Cornwall and Lebanon Railroad,
12. Coudersport and Port Allegheny Railroad,
13. Cumberland Valley Railroad
14. Delaware and Hudson Company,
15. Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad, ...
16. Dunkirk, Allegheny Valley and Pittsburgh Railroad
17. East Broad Top Railroad and Coal Company
18. Erie Railroad,
19. Huntingdon and Broad Top Mountain Railroad,
20. Kishacoquillas Valley Railroad
21. Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railway
22. Lancaster, Oxford and Southern Railroad,
23. Lehigh and New England Railroad
24. Lehigh Valley Railroad
25. Ligonier Valley Railroad,
26. Louisville and Nashville Railroad
27. Maryland and Pennsylvania Railroad
28. Monongahela Railroad,
29. New Berlin and Winfield Railroad
SO. Newport and Sherman Valley Railroad,
31. N. Y. Central and Hudson River Railroad,
32. N. Y., Ontario and Western Railway
33. N. Y. and Pennsylvania Railroad,
34. Pennsylvania Railroad
35. Pennsylvania Lines,
36. Pennsylvania Southern Railroad,
37. Philadelphia and Reading Railway,
38. Pittsburgh, Chartiers and Youghloghenny Railway,
39. Pittsburgh and Lake Brie Railroad,
40. Pittsburgh, Shawmut and Northern Railroad
41. Stewartstown Railroad
42. Susquehanna, Bloomsburg and Berwick Railroad, ..
43. Susquehanna and New York Railroad,
44. Susquehanna River and Western Railroad,
45. Western Maryland Railroad,
46. White Deer and Logauton Railroad,
47. Williamsport and North Branch Railroad,
Refund by order Governor Tener, account Pa. Vet.
2S7
11
16
9,716
1,056
25
3,916
9,742 1,066
4,004
1
1
""58
52 70
1,657 09
2 SS
172 SO
; 26 10
493 43
574 14
594 43
4,405 99
147 90
24 28
3,768 49
S63 24
1 40
1,123 CO
1 40
3,711 85 13 64
12 85 122 £3
40
1 28
29 96
2,606 35
92 77
13 84 73,128 78 13,364 37
13 62 17,631 10
12 26 9,481 58
14 56 3 76
17 64 502 15 9 12 1,879 27 1 SO 24 50
Average cost of transportation per capita .$7.3j
These Transportation Applications were received between April ITth and June 1st, the first date being so fixed because
32 Gettyshurg Reunion.
until the Appropriation Acts were approved, April 17, 1913, no move therein could be made by this Commission, and June first being set as the latest possible date between which and June 20th, the date of issuing the ticket orders, the necessary verifi- cation could be made of the service record of the thousands of applications on hand, it being physically impossible to expedite the work beyond a certain speed because of the magnitude of the task, and owing to the applicant often giving his record incompletely and inaccurately, and likewise the records them- selves sometimes proving equally defective, and though the Commission by every means within its power gave the greatest publicity possible to these facts and did its utmost to pass upon every application, however imperfect, the applications of some veterans, because of their oivn tardiness, were received too late for verification i-md, therefore, under the law, but to the sincere regret of the Commission, no transportation could issue. The officials of the War Department having now progressed in their great work at Gettysburg to that point where it was most important to know the exact number of veterans who would be in attendance there during the Reunion, that X)roper provisions might be completed accordingly, and this Commis- sion also desiring to learn other details of moment from the Representatives of the several Commonwealths, States and Ter- ritories, the Committees of the Grand Army of the Republic and the United Confederate Veterans, deemed a Fourth and Final General Conference of all so interested most desirable, and accordingly, April 2Sth, invitations to convene at Gettys- burg, as its guests May 15-16, were extended, stating
"***** Many matters of moment must be finally determined then and there, and the information which is alike vital not only to us as host, but to every veteran who attends this Reunion Celebration as our guest: 1. e. , how many "honorably discharged Veterans of the Civil War" from each State will be our guests at this Reunion Celebra- tion, viust be officially and finally filed of record with us at that time, for the many details of camp assignment, rations, entertainment, et cetera, et cetera, which we, as host, must perfect, cannot possibly be so perfected if the essential data be not given us then. It is earn- estly hoped that each Representative present will be prepared to of- ficially advise us exactly what reservation we must make in the camp for his entire State, or if he be not present, that he will officially so advise us by letter, to be read at that time, bearing in mind that a request for excessive reservation would work a hardship not only upon us as host, but equally so upon each of the other States, Com-"
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, Gettysburg Reunion. 33
"monwealths and Territories that might thereby be crowded in the reservations possible then to give them.
The War Department's work in creating the camp will be sufficiently adA'-anced by that time to prove very interesting to our guests, and we sincerely trust you will so honor us by your presence."
The importance of this Final General Conference was attested by the attendance of more Representatives from the several States to onr Commission than at any of the other three pre- ceeding General Conferences, and in addition, the War Depart- ment was represented by Major J. E, Normoyle, U. S. A., Quartermaster in charge of establishing the Gettysburg camp, Major W. R. Grove, U. S. A., Captain H. F. Dalton, U. S. A., Captain L. W. Jordan, Jr., U. S. A., and Mr. T. H. Humphreys, all actively engaged in the camp work ; the Gettysburg National Park Commission by Lt. Colonel John P. Nicholson, its Chair- man and Lt. Colonel E. B. Cope, Secretary; the Grand Army of the Republic, by its Commander-in-Chief, Alfred B. Beers, Hon. Ell Torrance, Past Commander-in-Chief and Chairman of its Gettysburg Committee, and Mr. C. F. Gramlich, Quartermas- ter General, Department of Pennsylvania, Grand Army of tlie Republic, and Chairman of Committee on assignment of camp quarters to Pennsylvania veterans; the United Confederate Veterans, by its Past Commander-in-Chief and Chairman of its Gettysburg General Committee, General C. Irvine Walker; John D. Keith, Esq., Chairman, Gettysburg Town Councils Committee on the Celebration ; and Mr. F. Herbert Snow, Chief Engineer of and representing the Pennsylvania Department of Health.
The Commission, through its Chairman, Colonel Schoon- maker, outlined the information desired at that time by it and the War Department officials from the Representatives in at- tendance, and explained the many details so far perfected for the reception, care, comfort and entertainment of our guests. Major Normoyle and his associate officers, upon request, ex- plained the general plan of the Great Camp, giving details as to the sanitary, hospital and teut arrangements, the menus for each day, the transportation of veterans .through the main streets, or avenues, of the camp, the bubbling ice water foun- tains, the erection of Comfort and Rest Stations at numerous prominent points all over the battlefield, et cetera et cetera.
Pennsylvania's Camp Credentials and her Identification Tngs for each of her attending veterans were shown, and each state
34 Gettysburg Reunion.
requested to issue similar ones to each of its veterans attending. The extensive and expensive improvements being made at their own expense by the two railroads, the Reading and the Western Maryland, entering Gettysburg, showing the adequate facilities that would thus be provided were fully explained, as was also the one and three-fifths (1-3/5) first class limited fare for round trip to Gettysburg, granted by the Trunk Line Associa- tion throughout its territory. Also, the sanitary work in pro- gress by the Pennsylvania Health Department, not only in Get- tysburg but for 60 square miles around the borough, to protect its water-shed and supply, and the providing by that Depart- ment of a large Emergency Hospital in the town for the care of the sight-seers and visitors other than veterans. Likewise the re- pairing and oiling, by the Pennsylvania State Highway Depart- ment, of the public highways in and surrounding Gettysburg. Also the arrangements for the fire works display on Little Eound Top, and providing a fire department for Gettysburg during Reunion Week, and the erection on the battlefield near the Codori House, of the Great Tent (with 13,000 separate chairs) wherein to hold the Commission's exercises for the four days and the Reunions of various regimental and other similar organizations. Also, our arrangements for the entertainment at the Pennsylvania College and the Lutheran Theological Sem- inary at Gett^^sburg, of the President and the Vice-President of the United States, the Speaker of the IS'^ational House of Repre- sentatives, Congressmen, Governors, Representatives to our Commission, and our other distinguished guests, all of which arrangements, together with many minor details, — increased mail, telegraph and telephone facilities, et cetera, et cetera, — met the hearty unanimous approval of all present, as did like- wise the decision of this Commission, that its allotment of quarters in the Great Camp should be by entire States only, all sub-division assignments therein to be by the respective State's Representative, all the Confederate Veterans being, upon Gen- eral Walker's request, seconded by his Confederate Comrades present, alloted to that section of the camp next Confederate Avenue, along Seminary Ridge.
The question to which this Commission had at the Third Gen- eral Conference in January, 1913, sought answers from the Representatives then in attendance and which it again urgently presented in their invitation to this Fourth General Confer- ence, i. e., ''how many honorably discharged veterans of the Civil War from your State will be our guests at Gettysburg,"
1. General Felix
2. Captain W. B
3. Colonel E. O.
4. Sergt. Major R
5. General Anfire\^
6. General Horatio
7. Hon. E. J. Ste(
8. General J. Tho
9. General J. L. (
10. Hon. D. F. Sei
11. General B,
12. Hon. M.
13. Colonel Andrew
ivvare.
jiregon. s. Island.
G. A. R.
c. Penna.
rlna. Corns.
47. Mr. John Tregaskis, New York Herald.
48. Col. Thomas S. Hopkins. Dis. of Colum-
bia.
49. Hon. Alfred B. Beers, Commander-in-Chief
G. A. R. Connecticut.
50. Major J. E. Normoyle, U. S. A.
51. General C. I. Walker, South Carolina V.
C. V. Gettysburg Comt.
52. Hon. Thomas S. Bradstreet, Connecticut.
53. Mr. W. S. Grenoble, Penns.vlvania.
54. Captain L. W. Jordan, Jr., U. S. A.
55. General Lee S. Tillotson. Vermont.
56. T. H. Humphrey. U. S. War Dept.
3i Gettysburg Reunion.
requested to issue similar ones to each of its veterans attending. The extensive and expensive improvements being made at their own expense by the two railroads, the Reading and the Western Maryland, entering Gettysburg, showing the adequate facilities that would thus be provided were fully explained, as was also the one and three-fifths (l-S/^S) first class limited fare for round trip to Gettysburg, granted by the Trunk Line Associa- tion throughout its territory. Also, the sanitary work in pro- gress by the Pennsylvania Health Department, not only in Get- tysburg but for 60 square miles around the borough, to protect its water-shed and supply, and the providing by that Depart- ment of a large Emergency Hospital in the town for the care of the sight-seers and visitors other than veterans. Likewise the re- pairing and oiling, by the Pennsylvania State Highway Depart- ment, of the public highways in and surrounding Gettysburg. Also the arrangements for the fire works display on Little Round Top, and providing a fire department for Gettysburg during Reunion Week, and the erection on the battlefield near the Codori House, of the Great Tent (with 13,000 separate chairs) w'herein to hold the Commission's exercises for the four days and the Reunions of various regimental and other similar organizations. Also, our arrangements for the entert^tinment at the Pennsylvania College and the Lutheran Theological Sem- inary at Gettysburg, of the President and the Vice-President of the United States, the Speaker of the National House of Repre- sentatives, Congressmen, Governors, Representatives to our Commission, and our other distinguished guests, all of which arrangements, together with many minor details, — increased mail, telegraph and telephone facilities, et cetera, et cetera, — met the hearty unanimous approval of all present, as did like- wise the decision of this Commission, that its allotment of quarters in the Great Camp should be by entire States only, all sub-division assignments therein to be by the respective State's Representative, all the Confederate Veterans being, upon Gen- eral Walker's request, seconded by his Confederate Comrades present, alloted to that section of the camp next Confederate Avenue, along Seminary Ridge.
The question to which this Commission had at the Third Gen- eral Conference in January, 1913, sought answers from the Representatives then in attendance and which it again urgently presented in their invitation to this Fourth General Confer- ence, i. e., "how many honorably discharged veterans of the Civil War from your State will be our guests at Gettysburg,"
' Sergt. Major R. G. Bucttnehnm. Delai
29! Colonel Hcmnn W. Allen,' Vermont
„reJr
Gettysburg Reunion. 35
was then answered, May IGtli, either in person by the Repre- sentative present, or, if absent, by letter from him, showing a total from all the Commonwealths, States and Territories, and the District of Columbia, of forty-three thousand, nine hundred and ninety-eight (43,998), being thus three thousand nine hun- dred and ninety-eight (3,998), above the total, forty thousand (40,000), which this Commission in March, 1912, from the best information then obtainable, estimated would be the maximum of attendance in July, 1913, and upon which estimate the War Department in April, 1912, based its plans, et cetera, for the creation and maintenance of the Great Camp, and estimated the cost thereof at three hundred thousand dollars (|300,000), Congress thereupon, in August, 1912, appropriated one-half, or one hundred and fifty thousands dollars (|!150,000.00), condi- tioned that Pennsylvania first appropriate her half, or one hun- dred and fifty thousand dollars (|150,000.00), which Pennsyl- vania accordingly did, she making the War Department a first payment of ten thousand dollars (|10,000.00) on account in De- cember, 1912, and final payment in full in June, 1913. Many of the Representatives explaining their inability at that time to state accurately how many of their veterans would be in attend- ance in July, and that they could not possibly do so until their State appropriations, in several cases then pending, had passed or failed, and even then fearing their inability to state exactly how many w^ould actually be at Gettysburg, this Commission, after consulting with the officials of the War Department, agreed that corrected estimates would be accepted as of June 1, 1913, and the following tabulated statement, compiled from the estimates so given us by the official Representative of each Com- monwealth, State and Territory to our Commission, and the Chairmen of the Committees of the Grand Army of the Republic and the United Confederate Veterans, shows these estimates of May 16th, totalling forty-three thousand, nine hundred and ninety-eight (43,998), increased on June 1st, to forty-nine thou- sand, four hundred and five (49,405) and again on June 15th, to fiftj^-four thousand, nine hundred and twenty-eight (54,928), the latter proving slightly in excess of the number who actually did attend, as there were so present and entertained in the Great Camp a grand total, June 29 — July 6, of fifty-three thou- sand, four hundred and seven (53,407) veterans, forty-four thousand, seven hundred and thirteen (44,713) Union and eight thousand, six hundred and ninety-four (8,694) Confederate: —
36
Gettysburg Reunion.
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Participants, Fovktii and Final General ('()ni-ki!Kme Photographed ON THE Steps of the Pennsylvania Monuments on the Battlefield, May 17, 1913.
On the Tekrace of the :\Ioxumext, After I.NSPECTj.Nt; the Great Camp, AfAY 17, 1013.
Gettysburg Reunion.
37
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38 Gettyslurg Reunion.
a. Arizona — Dwight B. Heard, owner and manager of the Arizona Republican, raised a fund of $962.50, for tlie transportation of vet- erans to Gettysburg. Tlie bill for an appropriation passed the House, but failed to pass the Senate.
b. Arkansas — On account of the condition of the State finances, the bill for an appropriation failed to pass the Legislature.
c. California — A bill appropriating $15,000.00 passed the Legisla ture May 9th, 1913, and was signed by the Governor May 31st, but on June 7th, the Appellate Court decided the appropriation unconstitu- tional. Thirty veterans were then provided with money to pay their expenses to Gettysburg and return. This money was raised by in- dividual subscription, in Pasadena, $1,400.00; San Diego, $910.75; Sacramento, $542.30; Marysville, $200.00, a total of $3,053.05.
d. Colorado — State not in shape financially to appropriate any money for transportation.
e. Georgia — One hundred citizens of the State of Georgia attended the Reunion, in addition to the Veterans present.
f. Illinois — Five hundred dollars of the amount appropriated were set aside for the expenses of the Adjutant General. Each Veteran attending the Reunion at Gettysburg received actual carfare, and in addition received ten dollars in cash for expenses.
g. Indiana — The State appropriated for the transportion of Veterans to and from Gettysburg $17,500.00, and $2,500.00 for expenses of Commission and invited guests.
h. Maine — ^The State paid expenses of transportation for 543 Veter- ans, for Governor and members of his Staff, 21, and a Hospital Corps numbering 8, totalling 572, and in addition 3 persons paid their own way.
i. Maryland — The State Legislature appropriated $2,000.00 for the expenses of the Commission, but nothing for the transportation of Veterans to Gettysburg.
j. Michigan — The State appropriated $20,000.00, and the expenses were: Transportation, $20,568.52; badges, $320.00; Commission's ex- penses, $220.37 total, $21,108.89, leaving a deficiency of $1,108.89.
k. Missouri — Total appropriation from the State $15,000. Balance on hand after all bills were paid, $5,104.43.
1. Nebraska — Total appropriation by State, $4,000.00; donated by individuals, $694.59; total amount available, $4,694.59; miscellaneous bills of committee, $139.75; balance on hand for transportation, $4,- 554.84. Each Veteran going to Gettysburg received from the State to- wards his expenses, $25.00. He also received from State balance on hand, $3.88, and from Donation Fund balance, $2.97; total received by each, $31.85. The carfare for each was $44.33, so the actual cost to each Veteran attending the Reunion was $12.50.
m. New Hampshire — Appropriation made by the State $13,000.00; actual cost of transportation, $15,008.79; leaving a shorting of $2,- 008.79, which has since been made up.
n. North Carolina — About $3,000 were raised by individual donations
Gettysburg Reunion. 39
and this fund was used to defray the expenses of Veterans who were unable to pay their own way to Gettysburg.
o. North Daliota — There were $15,000 transferred from State Sol- diers' Home fund by Act of Legislature.
p. Ohio— The State appropriated $12,000.00, and after all bills were paid there was a shortage of $7,000.
q. Oregon^Actual cost for transportation and Commission expenses were $7,263.00, which left a deficiency of $2,263.00.
r. South Carolina — Appropriation by State, $1,000.00; raised by sub- scription, $1,030.50; joint note given by the Governor and General Teague, $1,700:00; total, $3,730.50. This note is to be taken up by next Legislature.
s. Utah — Legislature adjourned without voting on bill for appropria- tion. The Governor gave a personal note for $7,500.00, the amount required to pay the expenses of the Commission and for transporta- tion. The note is to be taken up by the next Legislature. Total amount expended was $7,370.00, leaving a balance of $130.00.
t. Vermont — Each Veteran going to Gettysburg was given an order for $15.00, with the understanding that, if there was any balance left, after paying all bills, it was to be divided among the Veterans pro rata.
u. Virginia — The Legislature passed an Enabling Act, authorizing the supervisor of each county in the State, to appropriate funds for the purpose of conveying the Veterans to and from Gettysburg. The Daughters of the Confederacy provided Confederate uniforms to all Veterans who applied for same.
V. "Washington — There was $15,000.00 appropriated by the State, and an additional $6,000.00 advanced by H. C. Henry, a Veteran from Seattle, making a total for appropriation of $21,000.00.
w. West Virginia — The State appropriated $8,000.00, which was $500 short of the actual expenses. All Veterans attending the Gettys- burg Reunion who paid their own fare are to be reimbursed and the shortage made up.
These figures of the actual attendance from each State were furnished this Commission by these above officials after their veterans had arrived at Gettysburg, the only "estimates" therein being of the number of veterans of each State, who, in addition to those furnished free transportation by that State's appropriation, were, under the restrictions thereof, ineligible thereto and therefore paid their own transportation, and while they were ''estimates" these officials furnishing them were the most reliable sources therefor and the best qualified so to figure. Where this tabulated statement also shows the total appropriations by the several States and the National Govern- ment, and how funds for the veterans transportation were otherwise raised in other States, the grand total, one million 4
40 Gettysburg Reunion.
one hundred seventy-five thousand three hundred seventy and twenty-seven one hundredth dollars (|l,175,370.27j was all for transportation only, excepting four hundred and thirty-five thousand dollars, (|435,000.00) which latter sum was made up of the Government's to^al appropriation of one hundred and fifty thousand dollars (|150,000.00), and two hundred and eighty-five thousand dollars ($285,000.00) from Pennsylvania's final total appropriation of four hundred and fifty thousand dollars ($450,000.00). The expenditure of this four hundred and thirty-five thousand dollars ($435,000.00) was:— Three hundred thousand dollars ($300,000.00) by the War Depart- ment— half from the National Government and half from Penn- sylvania— in establishing and maintaining the Great Camp, and one hundred and thirty-five thousand dollars ($135,000.00) by this Commission in entertaining, as the guests of Pennsylva- nia, all the veterans there in attendance.
But in addition to the amounts thus spent for the trans- portation of the forty-four thousand one hundred and ninety- seven (44,197) veterans, there were also several thousands of dollars spent by the nine thousand two hundred and ten (9,210) veterans Avhose States not furnishing tliem free transportation, used their personal funds therefor but in amount unknown.
Further, in addition to the total attendance of veterans in the Great Camp, fifty-three thousand four hundred and seven (53,407), there were also present one hundred and and twenty-four (124) ofilcers and one thousand three hundred and forty- two (1,342) enlisted men assigned by the War De- partment as the force necessary for the proper administration of its many, many details, and to police and protect the camp, and also the avenues throughout the entire battlefield.
There were likewise present, as our guests, one hundred and fifty-five (155) newspaper men, representatives not only of the leading Journals of this country, but of foreign countries as well. Also twenty-one hundred and seventy (2,170) cooks, kitchen helpers, bakers, and laborers were there employed, mak- ing a grand total of fifty-seven thousand one hundred nnd nine- ty-eight (57,198) persons quartered and subsisted in the Great Camp.
Its magnitude can be somewhat appreciated from the fol- lowing official figures: Dimensions of camp; from north to south 9,800 feet, from east to west 6,600 feet, occupying 280
Gettyshurg Reunion. 41
acres, with 47| miles of avenues and company streets, lighted by 500 electric arc lights, and with 32 bubbling ice water foun- tains at central points. Total number of tents erected therein, 6,592, containing 44,850 cots, 6,486 mattresses, 6,600 mattress- covers, 2,070 bed-sacks, with 105,262 blankets, 13,300 lanterns, 13,200 wash-basins, and, as a souvenir for each veteran guest there entertained, a total of nearly 54,000 mess-kits were is- sued, each kit consisting of a knife, fork, one large and one small spoon, tin cup and two plates. In the three meals of July 1st, these 2000 cooks and helpers from the 173 kitchens, with their 425 army field ranges, served the highest number of cooked meals for one day, 168,000, and from supper, Sunday, June 29th, to breakfast, Sunday, July 6th, both inclusive, the total number of cooked meals there served was 688,000, of ex- cellent quality, wholesome variety and bounteous quantity; among the subsistence stores issued therefor were: —
Meats , 156 , 410 lUs.
Fish , 7 , 008 cans.
Fowl, 14,722 lbs.
Vegetables —
Canned , 30 , 053 cans.
Dried, 17,795 lbs.
Fresh, 216,777 lbs.
Macaroni 3 , 500 lbs.
Butter, 12,383 lbs.
Eggs, 24,930 doz.
Fruit- Evaporated , 22,500 lbs.
Cereals , 21 , 153 lbs.
Tea, •. . . 1,631 lbs.
Coffee, 12,206 lbs.
Sugar, 59,976 lbs.
Lemons , 85 boxes.
Ice cream , 2 , 015 gals.
Cakes , 53 , 000 doz.
Pies, each 2A lbs., 7,000
Pepper , 500 lbs.
Vinegar , 400 gals.
Pickles , 403 gals.
Salt, 9,300 lbs.
There were also issued: —
Wood , 720 cords.
Coal , 18 , 000 lbs.
Ice 62,669 lbs.
Hay, 247,321 lbs.
Lumber, 216,676 ft.
42 Gettysburg Reunion.
The Army Corps Field Bakery used 130,048 lbs. of flour for bread, fresh daily, besides the 10,000 lbs, of hard bread issued.
Ninety miles of wire were used by the Signal Corps to con- nect the 87 army telephones in the camp and throughout the battlefield, over which from the night of June 30th to the night of July 6th, an average of between 7,000 and 8,000 calls were handled every 24 hours. The Bell and Independent telephones were connected therewith, and these companies likewise in- stalled some 35 pay stations for the veterans use, thus giving them and their families direct contact, if desired, while the Western Union maintained an office and messenger service in the center of the camp, a temporary post office also being erected there by the Post Office Department.
The Eoster of the United States Army officers was as fol- lows:—
UNITED STATES ARMY ROSTER.
COMMISSIONED PERSONNEL,
GETTYSBURG ENCAMPMENT.
50th Anniversary Battle of Gettysburg, JUNE 29th to JULY 6th. 1913.
Brigadier General Hunter Liggett, Commanding.
Major James E. Normoyle, Chief Quartermaster. Major W. R. Grove, Q. M. Corps, Assistant. Captain L. W. Jordan, Jr., Q. M. Corps, Assistant. Captain A. H. Huguet, Q. M. Corps, Assistant. Captain H. F. Dalton, Q. M. Corps, Assistant. Captain Woodson Hocker, Q. M. Corps, Assistant. Captain George E. Stewart, Q. M. Corps, Assistant. Captain W. B. McCaskey, Q. M. Corps, Assistant. First Lieutenant J. G. Taylor, Signal Corps, Assistant. First Lieutenant E. O. Saunders, Infantry, Assistant. First Lieutenant P. H. Bagby, Infantry, Assistant. First Lieutenant W. S. Neely, Infantry, Assistant. Second Lieutenant A. M. Burdette, Infantry, Assistant. Second Lieutenant S. B. Buckner, Jr., Infantry, Assistant.
Supervising Engineer. T. H. Humphrey, Construction Branch, Q. M. Corps.
WAR DEPARTMENT OFFICIALS.
Ill HON. HENRY L. STIMSON, NEW YORK CITY, NEW YORK, EX-SECRETARY
OF WAR. (2) Hon. Lindley m. garrison. Washington, d. c, secretary
OF WAR. (:!> HON. ROBERT SHAW OLIVER, EX-ASST. SECRETARY OF WAR, WASHINGTON, D. C. (4) HON. HENRY S. B R EC K E N R I D G E , ASST. SECRETARY OF War, WASHINGTON, D. C.
GENERAL OFFICERS. U. S. ARMY.
(li MAJ. GEN. LEONARD WOOD, CHIEF OF GENERAL STAFF. U.S. A. i2) MAJ. GEN. W. W. WOTHERSPOON, ON GENERAL STAFF, U. S. A. (L',1 MAJ. GEN. JAS. B. A LESHIRE, QUARTER MASTER GENERAL, U.S.A. (4) BRIG. G EN. W. H. BIX BY. CHIEF OF ENGINEERS. U. S. A, t.">i BRIG. GEN. GEO. P. SCRIVEN, CHIEF SIGNAL OFFICER, U. S. A.
U. S. ARMY OFFICERS IN CHARGE, GETTYSBURG CAMP.
(1) BRIG. GEN. HUNTER LIGGETT, U.S. A., COMMANDING GETTYSBURG CAMP. (2) LIEUT. COL. A. E. BRADLEY, MEDICAL CORPS, U. S. A., CHIEF MEDICAL OFFICER. (:'.) MAJOR J. E. NORMOYLE, Q. M. CORPS, U. S. A., CHIEF QUARTER- MASTER !N CHARGE. il) MAJOR W. R. GROVE, Q. M. CORPS, U. S. A., IN CHARGE OF COMMISSARY. <5) LIEUT. E. O. SAUNDERS, 2 9TH INFANTRY, U. S. A., IN CHARGE HEADQUARTER'SCAMP. (0) LIEUT. S.B.BUCKNER, 9TH INFAN- TRY, U.S.A., ASST, !N CHARGE HEADQUARTER'SCAMP.
U. S. ARMY OFFICERS, GETTYSBURG CAMP.
(1) CAPTAIN H. F. DALTON, Q. M. CORPS. U. S. A., PROPERTY OFFICER. (2) CAPTAIN L. W. JORDAN, Q.M. CORPS, U.S. A., IN CHARGE OF FIELD BAKERY. (3) CAPTAIN GEORGE E. STEWART, Q. M. CORPS, U. S. A., IN CHARGE OF VETERANS' MESS. (4) MR. T. H. HUMPHREYS, C. E. Q. M. CORPS, U.S.A., SUPERVISING ENGINEER IN ESTABLISHING CAMP. (5) CAPTAIN W. S. NEELY.
Infantry, u. s. a., staff assistant, (gi captain a.h. huguet, q. m.
CORPS, U. S. A., IN charge of TRANSPORTATION.
U. S. ARMY OFFICERS, GETTYSBURG CAMP.
(1) MAJOR CHARLES D. RHODES, U. S. A., COMMANDING 1ST SQUADRON 15TH CAVALRY. (2) C A PT A I N M . E . L O C K E, U . S . A ., C O M M A N D 1 N G BATTERY D., 3RD FIELD ARTILLERY. (3) CAPTAIN W. P. STOKEY, U. S. A., COM- MANDING CO. C, 1ST BAT. ENGINEERS. (4) MAJOR J. H. MCRAE, U.S.A., COMMANDING BAT. 5TH INFANTRY. (5) PHILIP H. BAGBY, U. S. A., FIRST LIEUT. INFANTRY., RAILROAD AND INFORMATION OFFICER. (C<) A.M.BURDETT, U.S. A., 2ND LIEUT. 17TH INFANTRY., ASST. ON TRANSPORTATION.
(Jeneral Liggett at His Headq
Left to RigiIt— Lieut. Buckaer and Lieut. Sauxiiei General Liggett at Camp Headquarters.
Gettyshurg Reunion. 43
MEDICAL CORPS
and
MEDICAL RESERVE CORPS.
Lieut. Colonel Alfred E. Bradley, Medical Corps, Chief Surgeon.
See complete Roster following Lieut. Colonel Bradley's Report (Pages 62 and 63 of this Report).
RED CROSS.
Major Robert U. Patterson, Medical Corps, U. S. A., In Charge.
See complete Roster following Major Patterson's Report (Pages B, 69 and 70 of this Report).
Fifth Infantry.
Band and First Battalion.
Major James H. McRae.
Second Lieutenant C. H. "White, Adjutant.
Captain Ralph McCoy.
Captain James Justice.
Captain William D. Davis.
First Lieutenant John B. Barnes.
First Lieutenant Francis B. Eastman.
First Lieutenant Will D. Wills.
First Lieutenant Auswell E. Deitsch.
Second Lieutenant O. A. Dickinson.
Second Lieutenant Thompson Lawrence.
Second Lieutenant George LeRoy Brown, Jr.
Third Battalion.
Major A. I. Lasseigne. First Lieutenant T. L. Crystal, Adjutant. Second Lieutenant J. A. Sarratt, Quartermaster. Captain R. E. Frith.
44 Gettysburg Reunion.
Captain James P. Harbeson. Captain Oliver Edwards. Captain Americus Mitchell. First Lieutenant Allan Rutherford. First Lieutenant Robert E. Beyer. Second Lieutenant d'Alary Fechet. Second Lieutenant Sumner Waite.
Band and Squadron, Fifteenth Cavalry.
Major Charles D. Rhodes. Captain Warren Dean. Captain LeRoy Eltinge. Captain Hugh D. Berkeley. Captain George W. Kirkpatrick. Captain George C. Barnhardt. First Lieutenant George M. Russell. First Lieutenant Victor S. Foster. Second Lieutenant George S. Patton, Jr. Second Lieutenant Chester P. Barnett. Second Lieutenant Karl S. Bradford. Second Lieutenant A. D. Surles.
Engineers.
Captain William P. Stokey.
First Lieutenant Frederick S. Strong, Jr.
First Lieutenant Creswell Garlington.
Artillery.
Captain Morris E. Locke. First Lieutenant Richard C. Burleson. Second Lieutenant E. St. John Greble, Jr. Second Lieutenant Edwin P. Parker, Jr.
The above estimates of atttendance given tliis Commission by the Representatives of the several States, May 15, June 1. and June 15, having been duly communicated to the officials of the War Department, the following telegram was received Friday evening, June 20th : — -
Gettyshurg Reunion. 45
"Washington, D. C, June 20, 1913.
Battle of Gettysburg Commission,
Room 509 Capitol, Harrisburg, Pa.
I am informed by Major Normoyle, the depot quartermaster in charge at Gettysburg, that you have advised him that the number expected at the Camp and the number required to be taken care of at the Camp, will be fifty thousand instead of forty thousand, and that he had been called upon by you to provide the extra hospitals, Red Cross stations, tentage and supplies for the additional number. As you know. Congress appropriated one hundred and fifty thousand dol- lars, which, together with a similar sum from the State of Pennsyl- vania, was intended to meet all the expenses of the forty thousand who were estimated as the outside number that would attend. You also know that the estimates for taking care of the forty thousand were three hundred and fifty-eight thousand dollars, or fifty-eight thousand dollars more than the combined appropriations of the Fed- eral and State Governments. The Federal Government has provided for the expenditure of the entire appropriation in taking care of the forty thousand expected visitors and it is absolutely impossible from the funds available to take care of any m'ore than the forty thousand. If you have arranged that ten thousand in addition attend, you must provide the funds to take care of them. There are no funds available to me for this purpose, and I am positively prohibited by express Acts of Congress from incurring one dollar's worth of expenses over and above the amounts specifically appropriated for this particular purpose. Should I do so, I would not only disobey the express law, but would lay myself open both to civil and criminal liability. I am, of course, very regretful that any of those who desire to participate in this celebration, may for any reason be deprived of doing so, but it does not lie .within my power under the circumstances explained above, to be responsible for one more visitor than the forty thousand initially estimated. If you have committed yourself to the entertain- ment of more than the forty thousand initially estimated, you must make it perfectly plain to all those over the forty thousand that the responsibility is entirely yours and that you will provide for them. So far as I am concerned, I have as stated to you above, no facilities nor any prospect of getting any, which enables me to do more than take care of the forty thousand who up to this time have been the ex- pected number.
LINDLEY M. GARRISON,
Secretary of War."
Same was immediately acknowledged, but as that afternoon our Legislature had already adjourned to meet the following Monday evening, 23rd instant, with the tacit understanding by both Houses that final adjournment would occur at noon, Thursday, the 26th, no legislative steps necessary for addi- tional appropriations could be taken until Monday evening.
46 Gettysburg Reunion.
Saturday, June 21st, consulting with His Excellency, Gov- ernor Tener, and Monday evening, the 23rd, with the Speaker of the House, the Chairman of the House Appropriation Com- mittee, the President pro tempore of the Senate, the Chairman of the Senate Appropriation Committee, and Hon. Archibald W. Powell, the Auditor General of Pennsjdvania, and with leg- islative leaders generally, it was decided this emergency could be met in only one way, i. e., as under our Constitutional pro- vision, requiring "Every Bill shall be read at length on three dififerent days in each House," no Bill at that date could be so read with final adjournment occurring Thursday noon, there- fore, by agreement of all the above officials, there was inserted in the General Appropriation Bill then under consideration, the following Item: —
"Section 48 — To the Fiftieth Anniversary of the Battle of Gettysburg Commission, to meet J;he general expenses, transportation, subsis- tence, quarters, et cetera, of entertaining the greatly increased num- ber of Pennsylvania Veterans of the Civil War who have accepted her invitation to participate in the Reunion Celebration at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, July 1st to 4th, one thousand nine hundred and thir- teen, and for similar entertainment there of the honorably discharged Veterans of the Civil War from the several States and Territories of the Union, who have also in unexpectedly increased numbers like- wise accepted Pennsylvania's invitation, the sum of thirty -five thou- sand dollars ($35,000.00) or so much thereof as may be necessary, is hereby specifically appropriated to said Commission, to be so ex- pended. Said appropriation to be paid by warrant of the Auditor Gen- eral drawn upon the State Treasurer, upon specifically, itemized vouch- ers duly approved by the officers of the said Commission."
Early Thursday morning, June 26th, but yet too late for any Bill to be introduced, a deadlock developed between the Senate and the House, and final adjournment proved impossible until Saturday, the 28th, at noon, the General Appropriation Bill carrying the above Section and Appropriation passing finally at 6 o'clock that morning, and was approved by His Excellency, Governor Tener, July 16, 1918, thus making Pennsylvania's total appropriation for her share in the Great Reunion four hundred and fifty thousand dollars (|450,000.00) granted by her General Assemblies of 1909, 1911 and 1913 ivithout a dis- senting vote.
The War Department immediately following the above tele- gram, ordered all supplies and work at Gettysburg beyond that
Gettyshurg Reunion. 47
required for a Camp for forty thousand (40,000) Veterans stopped forthwith, and this action then having been given to the Associated Press, inquiries at once began coming to this Commission from all over the country, from Governors, Rep- resentatives to our Commission, Members of the Grand Army of the Eepublic, and the United Confederate Veterans and others in interest, all alarmed lest provision inadequate for their entertainment would be found at Gettysburg, should they attend in the numbers originally proposed, and in some cases already en route. This was promptly met by the following telegram sent to the Governors and the Representatives to our Commission in every Commonwealth, State and Territory, the Chairmen of the Committees of the Grand Army of the Re- public and the United Confederate Veterans and to the Asso- ciated Press : —
"Harrisburg, Pa., June 23, 1913.
Hon
Governor of
Appropriations of Congress and of Pennsylvania, each one hundred and fifty thousand dollars, proving adequate to entertain only forty thousand veterans at Gettysburg Reunion, Pennsylvania, therefore, acting alone as host for any excess over that number, tonight intro- duced emergency appropriation in her General Assembly sufficient therefor, increasing her total appropriation to four hundred and fifty thousand dollars, and accordingly assures your veterans to the num- ber you lately estimated, similar complete entertainment. Please so advise them, immediately.
LEWIS E. BEITLER, Secretary, Pennsylvania Gettysburg Commission."
At the same time similar advices, but in detail, were for- warded the War Department, ending with the statement of our firm belief in the unanimous passage of the appropriation by our General Assembly that week, and expressing the hope that the Department would therefore at once rescind its order of 20th, and immediately resume forwarding supplies to and con- tinue the work at Gettysburg necessary for the ten thousand (10,000) additional Veterans. This was met, June 26th, with refusal "until State so appropriates." Therefore, Saturday morning, June 28th, by telephone from our Gettysburg Head- quarters immediately after such appropriation had been made, that Department was so advised and early that afternoon by
48 Gcttyshurg Reunion.
special express train, supplies of tents, cots, blankets, et cetera, were rushed to Gettysburg from the Schuylkill Arsenal, Phila- delphia, and by express from other Depots, to the extent neces- sary for the increased number of Veterans expected, the addi- tional work at the Camp so occasioned being carried on throughout all that night, resulting in the Camp being in ex- cellent readiness for its formal opening for the reception of Veterans as originally planned, "Sunday, June 29th, 1913, the first meal to be served being supper that evening."
In December, 1912, the Trunk Line Association had first ar- ranged Gettysburg Reunion transportation would not be good "going" until June 30th. This Commission immediately ap- pealed to that body explaining such limitation would mean ab- solute congestion upon the two single track roads entering Get- tysburg, the Reading and the Western Maryland, upon which, as the Reunion began July 1st, would thus be centered on June 30th, the entire incoming movement of from 50,000 to 75,000 passengers. This resulted in the date being changed to "good going June 25th." This aided the railroad situation there, but it was the extensive and expensive improvements to their terminals in Gettysburg and all along their lines, made entirely at their own expense by these two roads, coupled with the splendid operating corps of both roads there on duty from Saturday, June 28th, to Saturday, July 5th, each working in perfect harmony with the other as though for one corporation instead of for rival systems, which made possible the remark- able record there achieved of over 108,000 Veterans taken into and out of Gettysburg during that period, and a like number of visitors, without an accident of any kind whatsoever, and with but slight delays in train movements, additionally re- markable when it is remembered that the Veterans, who rep- resented 50 per cent, of the entire movement, had reached the average age of 72 years.
Following the adjournment of our Final General Conference at -Gettysburg, May 17, 1913, increasing enthusiasm for the Great Reunion was manifest throughout the Nation, our correspondence with the Representatives to this Commission, with the Governors and the Adjutants General of the different States growing more voluminous as the Anniversary dates ap- proached, and likeAvise our conferences with the Army Officers on duty at Gettysburg becoming almost constant. Meanwhile,
y, .. .
June 29th
eiiesta, June »t*. July
GettysMirg Reunion. 49
the Commission's work of arranging the transportation of the great body of Pennsylvania Veterans, and of all the Veterans then resident in Pennsylvania, their reception, care, comfort and entertainment during the Keunion Week, was growing apace and the many details of invitations to the Commission's specially invited guests, the perfecting of their accommodations and entertainment during that period at the Pennsylvania College and the Lutheran Seminary at Gettysburg, were duly being consummated, these two Institutions being thus con- verted into our "College Hotel" and our "Seminary Hotel" for the time being. Immediately following the issuance, June 20- 23, of Pennsylvania's free Gettysburg transportation, the Com- mission's Secretary and office staff established its Headquar- ters under canvas on the Collegue Campus at Gettysburg, there to direct the many and important details for the great body of our Veteran Guests in the Camp and for our specially in- vited guests at the College and Seminary. These latter guests upon arrival at the Commission's Headquarters on the Col- lege Campus and there registering, were then assigned to quarters in our "College Hotel" or, being assigned to our "Seminary Hotel," were there quartered by the Commission's Representatives there in charge, each Guest upon arriving at the College Campus having first been presented to and wel- comed by His Excellency, John K. Tener, the Governor of Pennsjdvania, and the Chairman of this Commission, Colonel J. M. Schoonmaker and his fellow Commissioners, His Excel- lency, the Governor, with his entire Military Staff, being also headquartered under canvas on the Campus, the Commis- sion occupying rooms in our College Hotel; the guests so en- tertained at College and Seminary totaling 527.
In May it developed in our many conferences with the Army Officers in charge at Gettysburg, that in addition to the de- tails those Officers were then perfecting so splendidly for quartering, feeding, guarding and giving medical care and attention to our great body of Veterans Guests in the Camp, a Camp Information Service, with a staff of guides, was all important because the vast extent of the Camp and its thou- sands of tents all exactly alike would appear as an unknown city to the Veteran, who, without such information and guides, would experience great difficulties, first, in finding
50 Gettysburg Reunion.
upon his arrival that section of the Camp allotted in its en- tirety to his State by this Commission and by his State's Representative reassigned in detail to him, and second, in finding his way about the Camp in seeking comrades, friends, and foes of the past, among the tens-of-thousands of Veterans then assembled along its many Company Streets and broader Avenues, even though each Street and Avenue was plainly numbered and named, and each tent also bore its special num- ber. Appreciating how excellent would be the results could an efficient force be secured and recalling the fine services rendered by the several Boy Scout Troops in Washington dur- ing the Presidential Inauguration, March, 1913, this Com- mission's Secretary, May 22nd, conferred thereon in Phila- delphia with the Hon. George U, Porter, Boy Scout Commis- sioner for Philadelphia, resulting in the following Agree- ment:— For such service, three hundred and fifty (350) Boy Scouts were to be selected by the Commissioner and his Execu- tive Staff, to be from among the larger boys and from within a radius of 150 miles of Gettysburg, this Commission to fur- nish them immediately with our Camp Maps, Plans, and our April 5th Circular Letter of detailed information, that they might be duly posted thereon before assuming duty at Gettys- burg, we to pay their round trip transportation, quarter and subsist them in the Great Camp similar to such entertain- ment there provided the Veterans, and to present each Scout with an appropriate badge, to become his after his tour of duty and commemorative thereof. Scout Commissioner Porter and his subordinate officers to be directly in command, in turn subject to the orders of the Army Officers in charge of the Great Camp. Under such Agreement, Commissioner Porter and his Staff so selected and brought to Gettysburg such body of Boy Scouts, some 385 all told, in Troops of twenty-four, each under a Scoutmaster, and the services they rendered were of inestimable value. Under the noon day's scorching sun, through drenching rain, here, there, everywhere, any hour, day and night, until their officers actually forced them to desist for necessary rest, this splendid body of intelligent young gentlemen, in their neat service uniforms, trained, dis- ciplained, trustworthy, courteous, so aided and assisted this Commission and the Army Officers in our duties as hosts of the occasion, that they added new laurels to this general Boy
^^3i*3»\jCi'^ " — ^♦1
Gettyshiirg Reunion. 51
Scout . Movement, to its State Officers and their particular Troops, won the profound appreciation and gratitude of hosts and guests alike and the enconiums of the press and public who witnessed their week's services, their splendid part in the Great Reunion. Sharing in like manner in this service and in the record made and the honors won and in the gratitude and appreciation due them were, in addition, some seventy-five Boy Scouts from Washington, D. C. ; Burlington, N. J.; Frederick and Hagerstown, Maryland, under Scout Commissioner Mar- tin, of Washington, D. C, they accompanying the National Red Cross Hospital Organization on duty at Gettysburg during the Reunion.
While under the Act of Congress, heretofore recited, the War Department was supreme in control of the Great Camp, and also assisted the Gettysburg Battlefield Commission in policing its roads and avenues throughout the battlefield, by details from the cavalry squadron on duty at the Reunion, yet the control of the traffic upon the State highways and roads leading into Gettysburg, the streets of the borough, and the protection of both its visitors and residents, and, likewise, the large assemblies in the Great Tent during the programme services, this Commission considered rested with it, and there- fore requested His Excellency, Governor Tener, to detail the en- tire State Police force there for a period of ten days covering the Reunion, which request he immediately complied with, and Major Normoyle, United States Army, in charge of establishing and maintaining the Great Camp, then favored us by erect- ing on the College Athletic Field, adjoining the Com- mission's Headquarters, a model Camp, complete in all its details, for a cavalry squadron for occupancy by this force, they thus being provided admirable quarters, conveniently situated. To their already excellent record of service in the Commonwealth since this force was created. Major Groome and every officer and private thereof there present, added a splendid chapter of accomplishment by their intelligent conception and execution of the many new and unusual duties presented by the vast number of sight- seers and visitors who, from almost every walk in life, some on foot, others in farm wagons, some by train, others in high- powered automobiles, crowded all the avenues into the bor- ough and early would have congested its streets beyond all
52 Gettyshurg Reunion.
control but for the great work there accomplished by this force in this and all other branches of police protection, the unstinted praise so widely given it being most justly deserved.
The Annual Encampment, Department of Pennsylvania Grand Army of the Republic, being held at Gettysburg June 26th-28th, and Pennsylvania's free Gettysburg transportation for the Reunion being good as above, increased numbers of our Veterans attended the Encampment, and when the Great Camp opened Sunday, the 29th, they entered at once, and as the other States likewise having started their Veterans early, so as to move on easy schedules and allow for train delays, and these delays being so slight, there were present in Camp by that evening, instead of the six thousand anticipated, over twenty-one thousand, and though this necessitated many more kitchens be opened immediately and likewise mess kits, blank- ets, lanterns, et cetera, issued at once, they were accomplished with quickest dispatch and without confusion, owing to the splendid system perfected and followed by the Regular Army Officers there in charge.
The Pennsylvania Veterans were duly assigned, to their proper quarters by Chairman Gramlich, (Quartermaster Gen- eral, Department of Pennsylvania, Grand Army of the Repub- lic) and his fellow Committeemen having this matter in charge and representing this Commission therein, all requests as re- ceived for reservations in the Pennsylvania section having been immediately referred to this Committee, whose other members were Franklin S. Stultz, Adjutant, Post No. 7, G. A. R. ; F. W. Meconnahey, Commander, Post No. 11 4, G. A. R. ; Thomas Cummings, Adjutant, Post No. 8, G. A. R., and Henry T. Stanwood, Commander, Post No. 334, G. A. R., and to all of whom for their endeavors in this direction are due the thanks and appreciation of this Commission.
Sunday, June 29th, opened a beautiful day, but the brightly, shining sun soon carried the temperature by leaps and bounds above the hundred mark, and before evening's cool breezes came, claimed many victims of heat prostration, some seriously affected, but many only slightly, among the arriving Veterans already fatigued by their incoming journey. Monday, the 30th, and Tuesday, July 1st, the same conditions prevailed throughout the day, the cool evening breezes again bringing their relief, and though the forenoon of Wednesday, the 2nd,
Our Veteran Guests. Some of the First Arrivals, June 29, Going TO Their State's Section in the Great Camp.
MoBE OF OuB Guests Going to Tueik Quarters.
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Veterans at Their State's Headquarters Being Assigned to Tents.
Gettysburg Reunion. 53
was likewise very warm, early that afternoon a heavy down- pour of rain, accompanied by strong winds and violent thun- der and lightning, settled the dust, cleaned the canvas, re- freshed the Camp generally, and greatly relieved all present. Thursday, the 3rd, also opened very warm, and throughout the day and evening only the slightest breeze prevailed. Friday, July 4th, was somewhat less oppressive, and on Saturday, the 5th, the forenoon was warm, but heavy thunder storms that , afternoon and evening reduced the temperature and proved equally agreeable to that of Wednesday to the several thou- sand Veterans still in Camp, though the greater portion had already started homeward. Sunday, July 6th, was bright and, sunny, but not oppressive to the fast departing Veterans, and though Monday, the 7th, and even Tuesday, the 8th, found a few who still tarried, by Wednesday, the 9th, our Guests had all again bidden goodbye to Gettysburg, and for the great majority, a final farewell. Throughout all this period, after from one to six days' travel in coming to Gettysburg, and under excessive heat conditions, quartered under canvas, eat- ing in the open, leading for this period a life different in every detail from that they had followed for almost the past half century, these Veterans, over fifty thousand present, and their average age 72 years, from every section of our country, from Coast and mountain, from everglades and prairie, from city and from farm, there enjoyed an average health and a degree of immunity from accidents and fatalities that the splendid preparation and the magnificent services there rendered day and night by the Medical Corps and the Medical Reserve Corps of the Regular Army, the American Red Cross Society, and the Pennsylvania State Health Department seems must have been under Divine direction.
A fatality of nine (9) in fifty-four thousand (54,000) Veter- ans, subject to such conditions in Camp from June 29th to July 6th, and meaning to several thousand of this number from one to six days additional travel in coming to and again in return- ing from Gettysburg, appears as nothing short of marvellous, yet a knowledge of the preparedness, not only of the Great Camp and of the Borough of Gettysburg, but also of that en- tire terrain, the result of the many, many hours of labor by the experts of the above Organizations, may in a measure ex- plain the unparalleled achievement there recorded — a death
54 Gettysburg Reunion.
rate of one in every 6,000 Veterans, and the Reports of the of- ficers there eommandiug those organizations are therefore sub- mitted as follows: —
UNITED STATES ARMY.
Headquarters, Eastern Department,
Office of Chief Surgeon,
Governor's Island,
New York City.
October 24, 1913.
1. The Veterans' encampment at Gettysburg, Pa., July 1 to 4, 1913, was first designed to accommodate 40,000 veterans. The camp was laid out by the Quartermaster Corps of the Army, tents pitched, kitchens built, wells dug, water lines laid, etc., and when medical officers were detailed for duty at the camp, certain features looking toward camp sanitation had already been adopted and completed, namely, latrines and kitchen cess-pools.
2. Early in June orders were issued assigning medical personnel and arrangements made for equipment and supplies.
I was designated Chief Surgeon of the Camp on June 6, 1913, and proceeded on June 7 to Gettysburg to inspect the camp to determine just what sanitary measures were indicated, and what arrangements should be made to care for the sick. It was thought that the ad- vanced age of the men the camp was to shelter, the season of the year, and the long journey many would take to reach camp would result in an unusual morbidity, and probably a large mortality.
It was my belief that the hospital provisions which had already been authorized, namely one field hospital and three regimental hos- pitals, would not be adequate, and recommendations were made that another field hospital and more sanitary personnel be provided, and supplies and equipment be furnished so that these hospitals could be expanded to accommodate at least 1,000 sick. I was informed at this time by Major Normoyle, Quartermaster Corps, in charge, that 55,000 veterans were expected and that the civilian employees of the camp would total more than 2,000. My estimate was therefore based on less than two per cent sick, which seemed to me to express the minimum requirements. My recommendations were approved and Field Hospital No. 1, was ordered from Ft. D. A. Russell, Wyoming, additional personnel was ordered, supplies were provided, and to meet the emergency, a sufficient number of regular medical officers not being available, twenty-four Medical Reserve Corps officers were ordered into active service for duty from June 28 to July 10, 1913.
3. Attached hereto, marked "A," is a table showing the Medical Department organizations as finally put into operation. The Provi- sional Ambulance Company was organized to consist of 12 ambulances, mule, and two automobile ambulances. These were augmented dur- ing the stress of work by the temporary addition of four ambulances from separate organizations on duty at the camp. During the en-
Governor Mann, of Virginia, General Brown and Escort Arriving AT Virginia's Headquarters on Confederate Avenue, June 30.
Crowds of Visitors Arriving at the Philadelphia and Reading Station.
'Mess Call.'
•The First Attack on the Kitchens.'
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Rest After Refreshment.
Talking it Over.
Oettyshurg Reunion. 55
campment 741 ambulance calls were responded to and 1,100 patients were transported.
4. The medical officers on duty at the camp are shown in the list marked "B." The personnel, commission and enlisted, provided was found to be not at all in excess of that needed. For a period of 48 hours the demands were such that the day's service was 24 hours for all. But little time was available for rest or sleep. A less number of officers and men would have been unable to meet the demands made upon the Medical Department during the busiest days.
In assigning and distributing the personnel efforts were made to make provision for prompt first aid. To this end eleven aid stations were established in the camp proper, which, with the five hospitals, provided sixteen places where first aid could be promptly secured.
Under command of Major R. U. Patterson , M. C. , U. S. A. , the Ameri- can Red Cross Society, acting as an auxiliary to the Medical Depart- ment, operated fourteen first aid and rest stations on the battlefield park roads, over which great crowds passed during the days of the encampment. Red Cross nurses were also assigned to duty with the Field Hospitals, thirteen to each hospital, and did excellent work.
5. Of the nine persons who died, eight were Federal veterans and one was a Confederate veteran.* One of the former died in the town of Gettysburg and his body was cared for by civilian undertakers not connected in any way with the camp. His case is included here, it having been reported to me by the State Health authorities, to com- plete the record of veterans who died during the encampment.
The following is a list of the deaths occurring in camp:
1. John Reynolds, member Kimball Post No. 38, N. Y. (Formerly Private Co. "B" 121st, N. Y. Vol. Inf.) Home address: Portchester, N. Y., age 69 years. Cause of death; acute cardiac dilatation. Re- mains forwarded July 1st to W. E. Craft, undertaker, Portchester, N. Y.
2. Augustus D. Brown, late Troop "L" 1st Maine Cavalry, Home address: Livermore Emails, Me. Age: 73 years.. Died: June 29, 1913. Cause of death: Heart failure. Remains forwarded July 1st to R. D. Brown, (brother) Livermore Falls, Me.
3. Otto L. Stamm, member Doty Post, G. A. R. (formerly pvt. 27th Mass. Vol) Hornell, N. Y., home address: Almond N. Y. Age: 75 years. Died: June 30, 1913. Cause of death: Apoplexy. Remains forwarded July 2nd to Charles Robinson, Hornell, N. Y.
4. Edgar Rigsby, home address: 243 Iris Ave., Wauwatosa, Wis Age: 68 years. Died: June. 30th, 1913. Cause of death: Asthenia Remains forwarded to home of deceased on advice from Governor cf "Wisconsin. (Information as to former organization not obtainable).
5. Landis L. Travis: member of Cunnygham Post G. A. R. No. 97. Home address: Westrdoor, Penna. Age: 68 years. Died: July 2nd, 1913. Cause of death: Exhaustion. (Died suddenly in Hotel Gettys- burg, Gettysburg, Pa. no physician in attendaijce.) Remains for-
58 ' Gettysburg Reunion.
warded to Lewis Knifflin, Wilkes-Barre, Pa., July 3rd, 1913. (Infor- mation as to former organization not obtainable.)
6. Christopher Yates: Home address: 315 Washington street, La- trobe. Pa. Age: 78 years. Died: July 1st, 1913. Cause of death: Heat prostration. Remains forwarded to Thomas B. Anderson, La- trobe. Pa., July 2nd, 1913. (Information as to former organization not obtainable.)
7. George M. Walls; late of 5th Penna. Vol. Infty. Home address: Lewisburg, Pa. Age: 69 years. Died July 3rd, 1913, Cause of death: Acute Uraemia. Remains forwarded to William M. Bunnell, Scranton, Pa., July 3rd, 1913.*
8. Henry H. Hodges: Home address: Union Hill, Surrey county, N. C. Age: About 70 years. Died: July 5th, 1913. Cause of death: Cardiac dilatation. Remains forwarded to Mrs. H. H. Hodges, Elkin, N. C. July 6th, 1913. (Information as to former organization not ob- tainable.)
Home address: 1727 Kilbourne Place, Washington, D. C. Ago: ^9 years. Died: July 1st, 1913. Cause of death: Cerebral hemorrhaR\ Remains forwarded in care of Mr. Fred Albert, to Arlington, Va., for burial July 2nd, 1913. This case was handled entirely by the local au- thorities of Gettysburg.
6. The Pennsylvania Gettysburg Commission had established in the camp proper a temporary morgue with proficient undertakers, and all dead, with the one exception noted above, were promptly cared for
*9. Allen D. Albert: (Formerly Pvt. Co. "D" 45th Penna. Vol. Intfy.) and the bodies shipped as soon as arrangements could be made with re- lations or friends, through the Quartermaster Corps.
7. The Department of Health, State of Pennsylvania, made ample provisions in Gettysburg for the care of the great crowds which poured into that small town. An emergency field hospital was established which cared for many hundreds of patients. First aid and comfort sta- tions were established in various parts of the town and at the great assembly tent outside the camp proper.
Provision was made by this Department for hospital cars to evacuate the sick to nearby towns and cities and through the courtesy of Dr. Samuel G. Dixon, Commissioner of Health for the State, these cars were available for the sick of the camp requiring transfer. Sixteen cases were transferred from our Army field hospital in this way.
The State Department of Health worked at all times with the great- est harmony with the Medical Department of the Army, all striving to give to the veteran every care and attention possible. Dr. Dixon reported to me that in his opinion most of the many cases being treated in the Emergency State Hospital were directly traceable to over-indulgence in alcohol. Many cases of alcoholism also being noted in camp, I appealed without success, to the local authorities for a clos- ing of all bars during the encampment.
8. To the various Army Hospitals in the camp a number of Boy Scouts were assigned and they did excellent work as messengers and orderlies.
HEADQUARTEK8, STAFF OF THE GOVERNOR OF PeNXSYLVAMA, 0.\ PENN- SYLVANIA College Campus Gettysburg, June 29, -July 6.
Brig. Gen. J. Lewis Good, N. G. P., and .Members of the Staff
OF Gov. Tener Awaiting the Arrival of the
President, July 4.
OFFICERS. STATE POLICE AT GETTYSBURG CAMP.
(II MAJOR JOHN C. GROOME, SUPERINTENDENT OF STATE POLICE, HARRIS- BUR G , P E N N SY LV A N I A . <2) CAPTAIN LYNN G . A D A M S, T R O O P A , G R E E N S B U R G, PENMSYLVANIA. CJ) CAPTAIN LEON S. PITCHER, TROOP B, WYOMING, PENN- SYLVANIA, i-i) GEORGE F. LUMB, DEPUTY SUPERINTENDENT OF STATE POLICE, HARRISBURG, PENNSYLVANIA. (f>) CAPTAIN C . M A R S H A LL V^/ 1 L H E L M , T R O O P C , POTTSVILLE, PENNSYLVANIA. (Ci) CAPTAIN J. F. ROBINSON, TROOP D, BUTLER, PENNSYLVANIA.
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Sku(,i;vm. m \ii I'oLiCE OF Pennsylvania, on Duty in and Around Getty; BURG, June 26 July 6, 1913.
Our Friends, the Newspaper Photographers, at Work.
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(JlU 'COLLKUE IIolKI." OlFlCE AND Mr. LANG, ASS'T TO OUR
Manager, Mk. W. S. Grenoble.
Gettysburg Reunion. 57
9. Supplies: The water was obtained from artesian wells put down for the purpose on the camp site. It was pumped into storage tanks and distributed by gravity. It was of excellent quality and ample in quantity for all purposes. Bubbling drinking fountains supplied by a coll of pipe passing through packed ice made ice-water available for drinking purposes throughout the camp, which was a source of much comfort to all during the intensely hot days.
The food was ample in quantity, varied in character, and of excel- lent quality.
There were employed in the kitchen and mess department 2,070 cooks and kitchen men. These men were all given a physical examination at the camp by medical officers before they were permitted to go to work, so as to eliminate any cases of contagious or infectious diseases.
The camp supplies and equipage were ample; all necessary supplies were furnished in abundance.
The amount of tentage required for this camp was enormous. I have not available the exact number, but it is believed that there were nearly 6,000 tents for all purposes.
The difference in comfort observed in the tropical hospital tents as compared with the old pattern hospital tents was marked, the former were much cooler and more comfortable, beside being more convenient for hospital administration. They are heavier, however, and not so acceptable when the transportation factor is considered.
10. Sanitation: It was realized from the start that the sanitary problem presented by this great camp was one of no small magnitude.
The responsibility for the sanitation and police of the camp was placed entirely on the Medical Department; the Quartermaster Corps furnished us ample facilities, civilian laborers, transportation and sup- plies.
The nature of the soil and local conditions added to the problem: the soil is clay or adobe, and almost impervious to water, possessing no absorbent qualities. Ground water was reached in almost all part's of the camp within three feet of the surface. The latrines which had been dug by the Quartermaster Corps, under contract to go to a depth of six feet, all contained standing water. The 95 kitchen cesspools in- tended to receive liquid wastes, which were supposed to percolate into the soil, were all half full of water when the encampment began and were manifestly of no value, even if admitted to be desirable, or per- missible from a sanitary standpoint. These receptacles were all built before any medical officers were assigned to duty at the camp. They were pronounced inadequate and objectionable and 95 kitchen crema- tories were built to dispose of both liquid and solid kitchen wastes. These were of the type used in recent years for this purpose, each was about 5 feet long, 3i feet wide, and 21 feet deep at one end, gradually rising to the ground surface at the other end. They were built with rock, and some of these crematories disposed of the wastes of kitchens which fed from 500 to 800 men three times daily. Upon them was con- sumed all wastes, liquid and solid; all tin cans, and there were many, were burned out before being carted away to the dump. It was neces- sary to clean out non-combustible debris onc« or twice daily.
58 Gettysburg Reunion.
Besides the kitchen crematories, 5 large rock pit crematories were built to consume the large quantities of refuse which accumulated throughout the camp, and also contents of night cans, of which there were 240. It was the custom to use but one or two of these at a time, depending on the quantity of debris to be consumed. It devel- oped that three or four would have been sufficient. All non-combustible materials and refuse were hauled from the crematories after burning to a dump not far from camp which had been established in the past by the town of Gettysburg.
There were constructed for the entire camp 90 latrines with a seating capacity of 3,476. The greater number of these latrines contained 40 seats each. The seat boxes were removable, fly tight, with covers so constructed as to remain closed when not in use. The pits were six feet in depth and nearly all contained water at all times. Many of these latrine pits were blasted out of solid rock. They, and all night cans, were burned out with crude oil and straw once daily. The latrines were kept freely limed at all times. They were never objection- able because of bad odor and were not frequented by flies, these being conspicuous by their absence. Each latrine had two urine troughs emptying into the pit. These were kept scrubbed and limed.
To accomplish and attain the desired sanitary results our main reliance was on cleanliness, destruction of organic refuse by fire, and the free use of lime. The Quartermaster Corps in addition to crude oil, straw and lime, also obtained a small quantity of "Kalpink" and some "Chloro-Naptholeum." These, however, I consider not at all necessary, and their use, in my opinion, contributed to the excellent general results obtained only to an infinitesimal degree. Given crude oil, straw and wood for fuel, lime, and sufficient labor to properly con- duct sanitary measures, I believe efficient field sanitation can be ac- complished without any so-called disinfectants or deodorants.
The organization for sanitary purposes was as follows: There was one Chief Sanitary Inspector; Major Paul C. Hutton, Medical Corps, who had six assistants.
The camp was divided into four sections, each with one of these assistants in charge, who was responsible for the condition of the latrines, kitchens, and police of his section. Another assistant was given charge of the rock pit crematories and general police, and the sixth was given a roving commission and designated to investigate special subjects and matter outside the routine work of the chiefs of sections.
To accomplish the work incident to sanitation, there were assigned 12 non-commissioned officers and 12 privates, first class, or privates Hospital Corps, 74 civilian employes, and 26 wagons were supplied by the Quartermaster Corps, and were at all times under the entire control of the Medical Department. These civilians were divided into various crews for care of latrines, for general police, for care of rock pit crematories, for collecting and distributing night cans, for refuse wagons, etc. The Hospital Corps personnel were assigned in charge of the various crews. The kitchen crematories were under their super-
BOY SCOUTS AT GETTYSBURG CAMP, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND AIDES.
(J) HON. GEORGE D. PORTER, SCOUT COMMISSIONER, PHILADELPHIA, PENN- SYLVANIA. (2) ALEXANDER M. WILSON, DEPUTY SCOUT COMMISSIONER, PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA. (3) J. WOODBRIDGE PATTON, FIELD SECRE- TARY, PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA. U) F. J. ROMANES, H E A DQ U A R T E R ' S AID, PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA. (5) H. R. ROONEY, HEADQUARTER'S AID, PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.
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'Courteous Aid.'
'Attention !" Then Friendly Help and Attention to Their Proper Quarters.
The Veteran Scout, Jack Crawford, and His Boy Scout Admirers.
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'Boys Will be Boys." After Work— Play.
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Helping Their Own Comrade— "to Rise in the World." (Sometimes Practiced in '61-'65.)
Gettyshurg Reunion. 51)
vision, but these were operated and cared for by the kitchen force. All crematories were kept going constantly, except when it was neces- sary to draw the fire for removal of non-combustible debris.
The camp was always in excellent condition as to police and sanita- tion. Very few flies were in evidence during the encampment, though they began to appear during the latter days. They did not develop in the camp proper, for no breeding places existed, nor were permitted in the camp. Many farm yards were in close proximity and in these were piles of manure and other refuse which furnished breeding places for flies. Over these the camp authorities had no control and the flies noticed in camp came, without doubt, from these places. There were no mosquitoes worth mentioning, but all standing water was oiled and ditches kept open.
The sanitary measures employed in the camp were under the direct control of Major Paul C. Hutton, Medical Corps, Sanitary Inspector, and too great credit cannot be given him for the successful manage- ment of the problems which confronted us.
11. Morbidity: The weather during the early days of the encamp- ment was intensely hot, the thermometer registering on July 2nd, in one of the hospital tents 103^ degrees Fahrenheit.
There were many prostrations from heat and many cases of exhaus- tion. It will be noted by reference to the table below that 744 cases were admitted to hospitals and a total of 9,986 received professional aid or treatment during the encampment. This does not include the many thousands who availed themselves of Medical Department provi- sions for shelter, rest, and water.
The following table shows causes of admissions in their order of pre- valence:
Cause. Admissions.
Heat exhaustion , 319
Exhaustion , physical , 116
Diseases , digestive , 69
Alcoholism , 59
Diarrhoea , 55
Diseases , circulatory , 31
Diseases , nervous , 23
Injuries , 16
Diseases , genito-urinary , 15
Constipation , 10
Bronchitis , 9
Rheumatism , 8
Diseases, respiratory, 6
Diseases , cutaneous , 4
Malaria 2
Tonsilitis , 1
Sunstroke , 1
744 See Table C.
60 Gcttijshurg Reunion.
12. The mortality for the whole encampment was 9, as given in detail in paragraph 5.
13. It is said that on July 1st, 57,400 were subsisted at the camp. Estimates vary as to the actual number of veterans at the camp, but it seems to be the consensus of opinion that there were not less than 55,000. The time of the encampment extended over a period of eight days, June 29th to July 6th, and it is believed that the daily average for those days will approximate 40,000.
It is difficult to get accurate data as to numbers, but it is believed that the above estimates are conservative. It must be admitted that the mortality, the death rate, under the conditions is most remarkably low. The age factor alone would indicate an expected rate far above a normal rate.
14. The youngest veteran known to have been at the camp was 61 years of age. The oldest alleged that he was 112 years. The average age was probably well over 70 years.
The camp was unique; surely never before in the world's history have so great a number of men so advanced in years been assembled under field conditions.
15. The encampment could not have been successful had it not been for the harmonious co-operation of all departments, Federal as well as State.
A. E. BRADLEY, Lieut. Colonel, Medical Corps, U. S. Army, Chief Surgeon.
Gettysburg Reunion.
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UNITED STATES ARMY, LIST OP MEDICAL OFFICERS, CIVIL WAR VETERANS' CAMP, GETTYSBURG, PA. 1913.
(List B.)
Lieut. Colonel Alfred E. Bradley, Medical Corps, Chief Surgeon.
Major Louis T. Hess, Medical Corps, Commanding Officer, Provi- sional Field Hospital.
Major Christopher C. Collins, Medical Corps, Executive Officer and Property Officer.
Major M. A. W. Shockley, Medical Corps, Commanding Officer, Provisional Ambulance Company.
Major Sanford H. Wadhams, Medical Corps, Commanding Officer, Regimental Hospital No. 3.
Major Arthur W. Morse, Medical Corps, Commanding Officer, Regi- mental Hospital No. 2.
Major Paul C. Hutton, Medical Corps, Sanitary Inspector.
Major Gideon McD. Van Poole, Medical Corps, Assistant Sanitary Inspector.
Major William W. Reno, Medical Corps, Commanding Officer, Field Hospital No. 1.
Major Perry L. Boyer, Medical Corps, Commanding Officer, Regi- mental Hospital No. 2.
Captain William L. Little, Medical Corps, Assistant Sanitary In- spector.
Captain Wm. H. Moncrief, Medical Corps, Provisional Field Hospital.
Captain William M. Smart, Medical Corps, Assistant Sanitary In- spector.
Captain Harry S. Purnell, Medical Corps, Field Hospital No. 1.
Captain John A. Clark, Medical Corps, 5th Infantry Infirmary.
Captain Philip W. Huntington, Medical Corps, Provisional Field Hospital.
Captain John R. Bosley, Medical Corps, Provisional Ambulance Co.
Captain Arthur N. Tasker, Medical Corps, Field Hospital No. 1.
Captain Garfield L. McKinney, Medical Corps, Assistant Sanitary Inspector.
Captain Charles E. Doerr, Medical Corps, Regimental Hospital No. 2.
Captain Ralph H. Goldthwaite, Medical Corps, Regimental Hospital No. 1.
1st Lieut. Raymond W. Mills, Medical Corps, Provisional Field Hos- pital.
1st Lieut. Howard L. Hull, Medical Corps, Provisional Field Hospital.
1st Lieut. James E. Baylis, Medical Corps, Field Hospital No. 1.
1st Lieut. Alvin W. Schoenleber, Medical Corps, Field Hospital No. 1.
OFFICERS, MEDICAL CORPS, U. S. GETTYSBURG CAMP.
(1) MAJ.PAULC. HUTTON, U . S. A., C HI EF S A NIT A R Y O FFIC ER. (2) MAJOR S. H WADHAMS, U.S. A., COMMANDING R EG! M E NT A L H OS PIT A L N 0. 3. (3) MAJOR LEWIS T.HESS, U. S. A., COMMANDING PROVISIONAL FIELD HOSPITAL. (4) MAJOR G. M. VAN- POOLE, U. S. A.. ASST. SANITARY OFFICER. C) MAJOR PERRY L. BOYER, U. S. A., COMMANDING REGIMENTAL HOSPITAL NO. 2. (0) MAJ. ARTHUR W. MORSE, U.S.A., COMMANDING REGIMENTAL HOSPITAL NO. 1. (7) MAJOR CHRISTOPHER COLLINS, U.S. A., EXECUTIVE AND PROPERTY OFFICER.
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Prompt and Efficient Aid.
Relief at Hand.
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'Careful Kindliness.
Gettysburg Reunion. 63
1st Lieut. William W. Vaughn, Medical Reserve Corps, 15th Cavalry Infirmary.
1st Lieut. H. Sheridan Baketel, Medical Reserve Corps, Field Hos- pital No. 1.
1st. Lieut. George C. Beach, Jr., Med. Reserve Corps, Aid Station No. 2.
1st. Lieut. Walter W. Brickner, Med. Reserve Corps, Regimental Hospital No. 3.
1st Lieut. Henry C. Coe, Medical Reserve Corps, Provisional Field Hospital.
1st. Lieut. Walter S. Cornell, Med. Reserve Corps, Aid Station No. 5.
1st. Lieut. George S. Crampton, Med. Reserve Corps, Provisional Field Hospital.
1st Lieut. Thomas Darlington, Medical Reserve Corps, Assistant Sanitary Inspector.
1st Lieut. Meyer M. Eckert, Medical Reserve Corps, Aid Station No. 8.
1st Lieut. William E. Pitch, Medical Reserve Corps, Aid Station No. 9.
1st Lieut. Howard Pox, Medical Reserve Corps, Provisional Field Hospital.
1st Lieut. Harold M. Hays, Medical Reserve Corps, Regimental Hos- pital No. 2.
1st Lieut. Howard Hume, Medical Reserve Corps, Aid Station No. 10.
1st Lieut. Arthur R. Jarrett, Medical Reserve Corps, Regimental Hospital No. 3.
1st Lieut. George C. Kieffer, Medical Reserve Corps, Aid Station No. 4.
1st Lieut. Joseph V. Klauder, Medical Reserve Corps, Aid Station No. 11.
1st Lieut. David A. Kraker, Medical Reserve Corps, Aid Station No. 1.
1st Lieut. Walter B. Lee, Medical Reserve Corps, Aid Station No. 7.
1st Lieut. William S. Magill, Medical Reserve Corps, Aid Station No. 3.
1st Lieut. Charles B. J. Mittelstaedt, Medical Reserve Corps, Aid Station No. 6.
1st Lieut. Richard Slee, Medical Reserve Corps, Assistant Sanitary Inspector.
1st Lieut. Mayer M. Stark, Medical Reserve Corps, Regimental Hos- pital No. 1.
1st Lieut. S. Meredith Strong, Medical Reserve Corps, Aid Station No. 6.
1st Lieut. Reynold W. Wilcox, Medical Reserve Corps, Field Hos- pital No. 1.
64
Gettysburg Reunion.
UNITED STATES ARMY STATISTICAL EXHIBIT, MEDICAL DE- PARTMENT, CIVIL WAR VETERANS' CAMP, GETTYSBURG, PA. July 1-4, 1913. (Table C.)
|
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Provisional Field Hospital, |
333 73 76 20 |
640 1,075 293 781 1,M2 564 4,002 845 |
■■■'is 420 71 509 |
993 1,2OT 366 857 1,062 564 4,002 845 9,986 |
340 211 72 76 20 719 |
16 |
, |
|
Field Hospital No. 1 Regimental Hospital No. 1 Regimental Hospital No. 2, Regimental Hospital No. S 5th Infantry Infirmary |
3 1 |
||||||
|
Red Cross Stations (14),* |
|||||||
|
74t |
9,242 |
9 |
|||||
*Tlie American Red Cross Society, First Aid Department, operated 14 Aid and Rest Stations at important points on the battlefield, outside the camp limits. The Red Cross Society kept a numerical record of all cases at their Aid and Rest Stations receiving rest, water, etc., but not requiring treatment, of which there were 10,695.
The Provisional Ambulance Company responded to 741 calls for ambulance service, transporting 1,100 patients.
AMERICAN RED CROSS, FIRST AID DEPARTMENT, MAJOR
ROBERT U. PATTERSON, MEDICAL CORPS, U. S. A., IN
CHARGE.
Washington, D. C, October 14, 1913.
The quarter ending August 31st has been a most active one for this department. Without doubt, the most important work with which the department has been connected during this period was its par- ticipation in the duty of caring for the Civil War veterans at the en- campment held at Gettysburg, Pa., July 1st to 4th, inclusive, in com- memoration of the fiftieth anniversary of that battle. Quite early in the spring it became apparent to the War Department authorities that the funds appropriated by Congress for the purpose of holding the cele- bration at Gettysburg would be insufficient, and that the military per- sonnel available for the medical and sanitary care of the veterans would be inadequate to handle the probable situation. The Executive Committee of the Red Cross was therefore requested to assist the War Department in this important undertaking. Accordingly the officer of the Medical Corps of the Army on duty with the Red Cross was directed to organize a force and make the necessary arrangements to handle whatever portion of the work should be assigned to it.
On June 7th Major Patterson, M. C, U. S. A., proceeded to Gettys- burg, accompanying Lieut. Col. A. E. Bradley, M. C, U. S. A., who
AMERICAN RED CROSS OFFICIALS AT GETTYSBURG CAMP
HARGE OF First
MEMBER OFTHE , PHILADELPHIA,
MAJOR R.U. PATTERSON, MEDiCAL CORPS. U. S.A.,1N t AID DEP'T. (2i Miss MABEL BOARDM an, WASHINGTON, D. C.
Executive COMMITTEE, en Miss sara m. Murray, r.n
PENNSYLVANIA, SUPERINTENDENT OF NURSES, i ON STAFF OF PHILADELPHIA ORTHOPAEDIC HOSPITAL), i-i) DR. HENRY C. MACATEE WASHINGTON. D. C, IN CHARGE OF PHYSICIANS. < . m E. S. MARTIN, BOY SCOUT COMMISSIONER, WASHINGTON, D. C, IN CHARGE OF THE BOY SCOUTS AT RED CROSS STATIONS.
y
1^ - . <^-t?r*.^.7-
•"■■■'-^st^¥^
Gettysburg Reunion. 65
had been designated as Chief Surgeon of the camp, in order to look over the situation and ascertain in what way the Red Cross organization could best assist and supplement the arrangements made by the Army for the care of the veterans. After considering the number of veterans who would require attention, the probable influx of sightseers, the local conditions as to terrain, water supply, sanitary facilities, and the number of medical officers and hospital corpsmen of the Army avail- able to meet the demand, Col. Bradley requested the Red Cross to pro- vide an organization to take charge of the veterans and public on the battlefield proper. With his own force he decided to handle all mat- ters directly connected with the camp of the veterans itself. How well the Army performed this part of the work is well known to all. The excellent sanitary arrangements that were perfected and the careful manner in which all were treated and sheltered in the Army hospitals reflect great credit on Col. Bradley and the members of the Medical Department of the Army who served under him. This work was in con- junction with the Quartermaster's Department at Gettysburg, directly in charge of Major James E. Normoyle, Q. M. C. , and his assistants, and under the supervision of Brig. Gen. Hunter Liggett, U. S. A., the Camp Commander. There probably has never been a camp where the different Departments of the Army worked more in harmony, or where each contributed its share to the success of the whole achievement more efficiency. Col. Bradley also re:iuested the Red Cross organization to furnish thirteen nurses for duty with each of the two large United States field hospitals in the camp of the veterans. In taking part in the work at this encampment the Red Cross was most appropriately en- gaged in fulfilling one of its legitimate activities; that is, assist and supplement the labors of the Army.
To carry out the mission assigned to the Red Cross by the Chief Surgeon of the camp, the battle ground was carefully looked over, and as a result it was determined that there were about fourteen historic points at which veterans and others would most naturally congregate. At such places it was decided to put up Red Cross Rest Stations, with an adequate personnel, sending the same out daily for this duty from the Central Red Cross Headquarters. The camp site was selected and arrangements made for shelter, kitchen and mess, 'and the necessary sanitary supplies. On returning to Washington the officers engaged in this work proceeded with the arrangements for obtaining the neces- sary personnel, supplies, and transportation facilities. The writer is greatly indebted to Major Charles Lynch, M. C, U. S. A., formerly in charge of this department, for valuable advice and assistance in this work. From June 23rd to 29th he was personally at Gettysburg, look- ing out for the interest of the Red Cross during my enforced absence on other business, and the success of the Red Cross undertaking was largely due to his efforts.
Our first doctor reported for duty at Gettysburg on the morning of June 28th, about 11 o'clock, and the first two nurses reported at Red Cross Headquarters about 10 A. M. the same date. By the morning
66 Gettyshurg Reunion.
of the 29th of June all of the doctors and substantially all the nurses had joined the organization, and the force was complete. This gave us ample time to convey the entire personnel over the routes to our va- rious stations, thus obtaining a knowledge of the surrounding country. It also enabled them to become accustomed to the conditions of camp life before being called upon to perform serious work, and afforded ample opportunity to look over the materials provided for their use in the relief work.
The first meal at Red Cross Headquarters was served the night of the 28th of June (supper) , and the last (breakfast) the morning of July 7th.
Thirteen nurses were ordered to report to Field Hospital No. 1, U. S. A., under the command of Major W. W. Reno, at noon June 30th, while the thirteen assigned to the Provisional Field Hospital, com- manded by Major Louis T. Hess, took up their duties the morning of July 1st. On the same date the fourteen Rest Stations were placed in operation, as July 1st was the day fixed upon for the official opening of the camp.
The Red Cross organization was in charge of Major Robert U. Patter- son, M. C, U. S. A., and included the following different details: —
(1) Ten doctors from the District of Columbia. These gentlemen were recommended for this duty by the Red Cross Committee of the District of Columbia Medical Society, upon request of this Department.
(2) Seventy-one nurses were furnished by Miss Jane A. Delano, Chairman of the National Committee on Red Cross Nursing Service. The detail of nurses requested could have been furnished many times over, owing to the large number on the Red Cross rolls and the ex- tremely practical organization perfected by Miss Delano. As the battle of Gettysburg was fought on the soil of the State of Pennsylvania, it was felt that it would be a graceful tribute to the veterans if all the nurses were furnished from that State. This was accordingly done, and the following cities and towns of the State of Pennsylvania each furnished their quota to the total number: Philadelphia, Frankford, Bradford, Kane, Summit, Altoona, McKeesport, and Pittsburgh.
Miss Sara M. Murray, of the Orthopedic Hospital, Philadelphia, acted as Chief Nurse. Miss Murray performed her duties in the most efficient manner, and contributed no little to the success of the work at Gettysburg. Miss Nellie M. Rennyson, of the Philadelphia General Hospital, and Miss Mary A. Clarke, of Philadelphia, acted as Assist- ants to Miss Murray. The nurses assigned to Field Hospital No. 1, U. S. A., were under Miss Anna C. Garrett, of the Pennsylvania Hospital, acting as Chief Nurse. Those assigned to the Provisional Field Hos- pital, U. S. A., were in charge of Mrs. E. C. Pretorius, of the South Side Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pa.
(3) Thirty-three members of Miners' First Aid teams were sent to assist in the work on the request of this Department from the follow- ing companies: The Philadelphia and Reading Coal and Iron Company, of Pottsville, Pa.; the H. C. Frick Coal and Coke Company, of Pitts- burgh, Pa.; the Fort Coal Company, of Scranton, Pa.; the Delaware,
Indeed a "Veteran." Taking it Easy at a Red Cross Rest Station.
I
Gettysburg Reunion. 67
Lackawanna & Western Railroad, of Scranton, Pa., and the Hillside Coal and Iron Company, of Forest Hill, Pa. The services of the ma- jority of these teams were furnished free, all charges for transporta- tion , etc. , being undertaken by the companies themselves. This was a splendid gift to the services of the Red Cross, and generously given for the benefit of the Gettysburg veterans. The services of these miners were most valuable, and the spirit of willingness displayed by them was characteristic of the whole organization.
(4) Seventy-two Boy Scouts reported for duty, under Scout Commis- sioner E. C. Martin, of Washington, D. C. Originally it was intended to have this detail from the Boy Scouts of Philadelphia, but through some misunderstanding their services could not be obtained almost at the last minute. The generous manner in which the Boy Scouts of Washington came forward and offered their services is deeply appre- ciated by this Department, and was principally due to the good offices of Commissioner Martin. I cannot say too much of the excellent work done by the Boy Scouts. They assisted us most materially in every way. Certain boys were assigned to duty at Rest Stations during the day, being relieved at night by other Scouts whose duty it was to sleep in the tents and guard the property until they in turn were relieved each morning. The duties of the Boy Scouts at stations consisted of running errands, carrying water, scouting for people in need of assist- ance in the vicinity of their stations, helping such cases into the sta- tions, and in general making themselves useful.
Some of the Scouts were used as guards over the sitores and prop- erty at our headquarters camp. The manner in which they put up the tents assigned to their use when they reported for duty would have done credit to many military organizations that I have seen. Troop B, of Frederick, Md., under Scoutmaster Clarke, was of great assist- ance to us on the 28th of June, before the arrival of our regular de- tail of Scouts from Washington. Upon the arrival of our own detail, under Mr. Martin, Troop B was assigned to work with Field Hospital No. 1, where. Major Reno informs me, they rendered excellent service. The spirit of willingness for duty at all times exhibited by the Boy Scouts, their loyalty .and subordination to their leaders, their clean language and neat appearance, impressed every one most favorably.
(5) Our transportation force consisted of four large seven-seated White cars, furnished by the Barnette Taxicab Company, of Wash- ington, D. C. , and four four-seated Ford cars, obtained from the Miller Brothers' automobile supply house, also of the District of Columbia. An automobile ambulance was obtained from the White Company, of New York City, and Dr. A. L. Hunt (one of our Red Cross doctors), kindly permitted the use of his private car in the service. A chauffeur was regularly on duty with each car. The automobiles were used in transporting the personnel to and from stations each morning and evening. During the day cars were started out from the Red Cross Head- quarters every half hour, and proceeded over the twenty-three miles of road covered by our stations, calling at each one for' any patients needing transportation. The cars were sent out alternately over what
68 Gettysburg Reunion.
was called the "Northern" or "Southern" route, according as the cars turned north or south on Confederate Avenue after leaving the Red Cross headquarters. By this arrangement cars were constantly passing our stations and there was no unnecessary delay in the handling of patients. The drivers of these cars were an exceptionally fine body of men, and thoroughly entered into the spirit of the occasion.
(6) Our kitchen force consisted of two cooks, seven waiters, and three laborers. The latter were used for policing the tents and camp grounds, pitching of tents, and in packing the equipment for shipping at the close of camp.
Each of our Rest Stations consisted of from one to three tents, ac- cording to the historic importance of the locality, and therefore the probable number who would need assistance at such places. The equip- ment of all stations was practically the same, additional articles being added in the case of the larger ones.
Much of our field equipment was kindly loaned to the Red Cross through the courtesy of the Surgeon General of the Army, and this assistance is hereby gratefully acknowledged.
The following statement shows the location of the fourteen Rest Sta- tions and the personnel assigned to each. The trees and roads in the vicinity of each station were carefully placarded with signs, on which were painted arrows pointing in the desired directions, accompanied by the legend, "To the nearest Red Cross Rest Station." This pre- vented much loss of time hunting for assistance when anyone needed relief.
Station No. 1.
At the Lee Monument on Confederate Avenue. Dr. Clapham P. King in charge.
Nurses — Miss Caroline V. McKee, chief nurse; Miss Beulah E. Cope, Miss Minnie I. Kinkle, Miss Margaret Breslin.
First Aid Miners — George Rubright, Joseph Nash, Lyle Gehres, Martin Porcell, Harry Snyder.
Station No. 2. At the Reynolds Monument. Dr. A. L. Hunt, in charge. Nurses — Miss Ida F. Giles, chief nurse; Miss May Meredith.
Station No. 3. Stone Avenue, near the Burns Monument. Dr. A. L. Hunt in charge. Nurses — Miss Prances Lundy, chief nurse; Miss Anna Murphy.
Station No. ^. Wadsworth and Doubleday Avenues, near Observation Tower. Dr. Robert S. Beale, in charge.
Nurses — Miss Eva Simonton, chief nurse; l\Iiss M. C. Lafferty.
Station No. 5. Barlow's Knoll. Dr. Robert S. Beale in charge.
Nurses — Miss Emma Lindberg, chief nurse; Miss Jennie Herchel- roth.
gbert. 6S Miss Wilma Ft Jennie Morgan. 107
i 69 Miss Mary L. lOS First Aid Miner.
IKratz. 70 Miss Eliza B. 109 Miss Emma M. Anderson.
71 Dr. Chas. SanJt Aid Miner. 110 Miss Katlierine Roouey.
rett. 72 James Riley (, 111 First Aid Miner.
McKee. 73 First Aid Min^
i
Major R. V. Patterson, Medical Corps, V. S. A., in Charm- AH Nvrses ond First Aid Miners Were From Petmtyln
Gcttyshnrf/ Reunion. 69
Station No. 6. On Top of Kulp's Hill. Dr. Edward H. Egbert in charge. Nurses — Miss Lydia A. Giberson, chief nurse; Miss Emma Le Van, Miss Margaret Ayers, Mrs. E. Kratz. Miners — James Riley, Ralph Callahan, Albert Kuhns, Jacob Pierce.
Station No. 7.
High Water Mark, near Bloody Angle. Dr. Charles Sanders in charge.
Nurses — Miss E. B. Callendar, chief nurse; Misses M. J. Brennan, E. F. Fox, B. M. Anderson.
Miners — John Landusky, W. M. Mohr, M. J. Walsh, John Cullen, T. H. Harding, M. McCabe, M. J. Murphy, Mike McArdle.
Station No. 8.
Near the Pennsylvania Monument. Dr. Henry Tobias in charge.
Nurses — Miss A. C. Garrett, chief nurse; Misses S. E. Guthrie, Anna Kramer, Helen Woodbridge.
Miners — E. H. Ruhe, captain; P. J. Dowdell, John Robertson, George Thomas, John Garrick, Edward Welsh, Charles Fallon, Del. Burdick, Andrew Holden.
Station No. 9. Sedgwick Monument. Dr. Henry C. Macatee, in charge. Nurses — Mrs. M. M. Nichols, chief nurse; Miss Anna L. Kohl. Miners — ^Charles Cyphers, Plarry Sax, F. E. Law.
Station No. 10.
Little Round Top, near Warren Monument. Dr. Henry C. Macatee in charge.
Nurses — Miss Marion C. McEwen, chief nurse; Misses Sarah A. Krewson, Gertrude Payton, M. A. Rostance. t
Station No. 11. Devil's Den. Dr. Caryl Burbank in charge.
iVttrses— Miss Anna E. Laughlin, chief nurse; Misses Margaret Mont- gomery, Alice M. Shepperd, Mary C. Weems.
Station No. 12. Near the Wheatfield. Dr. Richard L. Cooke in charge. Nurses — Miss Emily K. Gamewell, chief nurse; Misses Anna Evans, Jemima Morgan.
Miners — Solomon Carpenter, Philip Williams, John Zim, Ike Davis.
Station No. IS. Riley's Battery. Dr. David W. Tastet in charge. Nurses — Miss Ermina E. Roof, chief nurse; Miss Elizabeth Culbert- son.
70
Gettyshiirg Reunion.
station No. 14. Observation Tower, near Peach Orchard and Emmitsburg road. Dr. David W. Tastet in charge. Nurses — Miss A. M. Brown, chief nurse; Miss Elizabeth Morgan.
That there was justification for dalling upon the Red Cross for assist- ance during this celebration I think will be evident to all from the following table, which shows the number of persons who received active treatment and medicine, rest, refreshment, or other assist- ance at the fourteen Rest Stations:
|
6 |
|||
|
0 |
|||
|
^- |
|||
|
a |
|||
|
Date. |
£ |
||
|
£ |
•g |
||
|
X |
« |
July 1, ..
July 2, ..
July 3, ..
July 4, ..
Total!
|
1S6 |
742 |
|
276 |
4,006 |
|
176 |
4,510 |
|
1,556 |
|
|
726 |
10,814 |
4,282 l!644
Patients who were ill enough to need hospital treatment, following a few hours at the Rest Stations, were transferred by our automobile service to the Military Hospitals, if veterans, and to the Emergency Hospital in Gettysburg, in case of citizens. Quite a number of women were received and treated at the stations.
The spirit which animated the whole organization can best be exemplified by citing the manner in which those who heard of the need volunteered for additional duty at the termination of the hardest day's work; that is, on July 3rd. That evening it was announced that fireworks and set pieces were to be displayed from Little Round Top. Realizing the extensive preparations made and the large number of employees that would be engaged in setting off the fireworks, it was considered wise to have some organized assistance near at hand in case of accidents. The limited number of volunteers desired was readily obtained. An aid party was sent out from our camp at 8 P. M. , re- turning at 10:45 P. M. on the termination of the fireworks. This de- tail consisted of Drs. Henry C. Macatee and Clapham P. King, in charge, with the Misses Alice M. Garrett and M. A. Rostance, and Messrs. John Robertson and E. H. Ruhe (First Aid miners).
The motor ambulance was sent with this party. Although no accident of moment occurred, the party was there and ready for duty. Twice the falling sparks were so thick that the ladies had to retire to the
MERicAN Red of Great Ca
70
Gettysburg Reunion.
Station No. IJf. Observation Tower, near Peach Orchard and Emmitsburg road. Dr. David W. Tastet in charge. Nurses — Miss A. M. Brovs^n, chief nurse; Miss Elizabeth Morgan.
That there was justification for dalling upon the Red Cross for assist- ance during this celebration I think will be evident to all from the following table, which shows the number of persons who received active treatment and medicine, rest, refreshment, or other assist- ance at the fourteen Rest Stations:
|
OJ |
|||
|
a |
|||
|
Date. |
|||
|
yj |
K |
^ |
July 1, ...
July 2, ...
July 3, ...
July 4, ...
Totals,
742 4,006 4,510
92S 4i6S6
Patients who were ill enough to need hospital treatment, following a few hours at the Rest Stations, were transferred by our automobile service to the Military Hospitals, if veterans, and to the Emergency Hospital in Gettysburg, in case of citizens. Quite a number of women were received and treated at the stations.
The spirit which animated the whole organization can best be exemplified by citing the manner in which those who heard of the need volunteered for additional duty at the termination of the hardest day's work; that is, on July 3rd. That evening it was announced that fireworks and set pieces were to be displayed from Little Round Top. Realizing the extensive preparations made and the large number of employees that would be engaged in setting off the fireworks, it was considered wise to have some organized assistance near at hand in case of accidents. The limited number of volunteers desired was readily obtained. An aid party was sent out from our camp at 8 P. M. , re- turning at 10:45 P. M. on the termination of the fireworks. This de- tail consisted of Drs. Henry C. Macatee and Clapham P. King, in charge, with the Misses Alice M. Garrett and M. A. Rostance, and Messrs. John Robertson and E. H. Ruhe (First Aid miners).
The motor ambulance was sent with this party. Although no accident of moment occurred, the party was there and ready for duty. Twice the falling sparks were so thick that the ladies had to retire to the
Gettyslurg Reunion. 71
tents of the Aid Station, and on two occasions assisted the men of the party in putting out fires in the roof of the tent, due to this cause.
In closing the subject of our work at Gettysburg, it seems appro- priate to publish the following letter recently received from the Acting Secretary of War by Miss Boardman:
"WAR DEPARTMENT, Office of the Assistant Secretary, Washington, D. C, July 30, 1913. Miss Mabel T. Boardman,
Chairman National Relief Board, American Red Cross. Dear Miss Boardman: It is the desire of this Department to acknowl- edge its deep sense of obligation to the American Red Cross for the splendid services of that organization at the Gettysburg Reunion En- campment during the first week in July.
It is a very conservative statement of the truth when I say it would have been absolutely impossible for this Department to have handled the very diflScult and trying situation of the Gettysburg Encampment without the assistance rendered by the Red Cross. In the first place the amount of our appropriation was too small to permit even such adequate provision as we could have made. In the second place, no matter what had been our preparation, I feel very confident that nothing we could have done would have been a satisfactory substitute for the splendid service of your efficient, tactful and tireless organiza- tion, which did wonders in caring for and supplying the needs of the thousands of old veterans who were encamped there during the Reunion.
Most cordially yours,
HENRY S. BRECKINRIDGE,
Acting Secretary of War."
This appreciation by the War Department of the splendid aid and assistance voluntarily given at Gettysburg by the Red Cross found echo in our letters of August 6th to Miss Board- man and to Major Patterson, addressed them by direction of His Excellency, Governor Tener, and this Commission, ex- pressing the same deep sense of obligation and the sincere thanks of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.
72 Gcttyshurg Reunion.
SAMUEL G. DIXON, M. D. Commis
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
HARRISBURG
December 15, 1913. Colonel J. M. Schoonmaker,
Chairman of the Fiftieth Anniversary of the Battle of Gettysburg Commission.
Dea,r Sir: — In compliance with the request of your Commission I have the honor to report the action taken by me in accordance with the understanding I had as to ray duties in connection with the unique and great Celebration of the Semi-Centenary of the Civil War on the battle grounds of the conflict at Gettysburg, Adams County, Pennsyl- vania.
On the fifteenth day of April His Excellency, John K. Tener, Gov- ernor of the Commonwealth, requested me to take charge of the sani- tary conditions of the borough of Gettysburg and the surrounding ter- ritory which would affect the health conditions of those participating in the Celebration. At this interview it was suggested that Gettysburg and the surrounding country would have to be brought to the highest state of sanitation and to be well policed to prevent an unusual amount of sickness during the great overcrowding and excitement in a period of probably extremely hot weather; that a system of emergency hos- pitals would have to be established, with suitable comfort houses to meet the unusual conditions present on such an occasion held so far away from a center of population; that a larger water supply should be provided, and that a much increased flow of sewage would have to be treated; and that independent of preventive measures, provisions for the sick must be made. To carry out the work and have everything completed by June the 25th, necessitated immediate action.
First, for organization, the Divisions of the State Department of Health best adapted to carry out this work were selected, to wit: the Division of Sanitary Engineering, the Division of Accounting and Pur- chasing, the Medical Division, the Nurses (belonging to the Division of the Tuberculosis Dispensaries), the Medical Laboratories, the Bu- reau of Vital Statistics. From these Divisions were drawn as many members as were needed so that the list of officers and their respective staffs was as follows:
General Director, Dr. Samuel G. Dixon, Commissioner of Health.
Chief Engineer and Staff. Mr. F. Herbert Snow, Chief Engineer.
Mr. C. A. Emerson, Jr., Assistant Engineer, Philadelphia. Mr. W. C. Riddle, Assistant Engineer, Lancaster.
OFFICIALS PENNSYLVANIA STATE HEALTH DEPARTMENT
IN CHARGE OF THE EMERGENCY HOSPITAL,
IN BOROUGH OF GETTYSBURG,
JUNE 25-JULY 7, 1913.
a) SAMUEL G. DIXON, M. D., L. L. D., COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH COMMON- WEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA. (2) B. FRANKLIN ROYER, M.D.. CHIEF MEDICAL INSPECTOR. (3) MISS ALICE M. O'HALLORAN, CHIEF NURSE. <4) GEORGE B. KUNKEL, M. D., CHIEF SURGEON. (5) MR. HARRY LINDLEY HOSFORD, SECRE- TARY TO C O M M ISSIO N ER. (r.) F. HERBERT SNOW, C. E., CHIEF ENGINEER. U) MR. EDWIN I. SIMPSON, CHIEF DIVISION OF ACCOUNTING AND PURCHASING-
Gettysburg Reunion. 73
Mr. S. R. Park, Jr., Assistant Engineer, Philadelphia. Mr. C. L. Siebert, Assistant Engineer, Pittsburgh.
Medical Staff. Dr. B. Franklin Royer, Chief Medical Inspector. Dr. Thomas H. A. Stites, Medical Inspector of Dispensaries. Dr. Charles J. Hunt, Associate Chief Medical Inspector. Dr. Fred C. Johnson, Medical Director, Mont Alto Sanatorium. Dr. W. G. Turnbull, Medical Director, Cresson Sanatorium. Dr. William C. Miller, Manager and Lecturer, Tuberculosis Exhibit. Dr. Joseph Scattergood, County Medical Inspector, West Chester. Dr. Paul A. Hartman, County Medical Inspector, Harrisburg. Dr. J. C. Reif Snyder, County Medical Inspector, Scranton. Dr. J. G. Flynn, County Medical Inspector, Ridgway. Dr. Edgar M. Green, County Medical Inspector, Easton. Dr. R. H. Simmons, County Medical Inspector, Shamokin. Dr. J. R. Dickson, County Medical Inspector, Gettysburg. Dr. George A. Stock, County Medical Inspector, Danville. Dr. W. C. Schultz, Chief, Dispensary, Waynesboro. Dr. A. P. Francine, Chief, Dispensary, Philadelphia. Dr. C. R. Phillips, Assistant, Dispensary, Harrisburg. Dr. J. MacMullen, Assistant, Dispensary, Harrisburg. Dr. A. L. Shearer. Assistant, Dispensary, Harrisburg. Dr. Benjamin Robinson, Mont Alto Sanatorium. Dr. Chester Crist, Mont Alto Sanatorium. Dr. Joseph A. Stockier, Mont Alto Sanatorium.
Surgical Staff. Dr. George M. Kunkel, Chief Surgeon, Harrisburg. Dr. John Berry, Deputy Medical Director, Mont Alto Sanatorium. Dr. Joseph D. Findley, County Medical Inspector, Altoona. Dr. H. C. Prontz, County Medical Inspector, Huntingdon. Dr. Hiram M. Hiller, County Medical Inspector, Chester. Dr. O. R. Altman, Opthalmic Surgeon, Union town.
Bureau of Vital Statistics. Dr. Wilmer R. Batt, State Registrar. Mr. Elmer W. Ehler, Chief Clerk. Mr. William H. Briggs, Classification Clerk.
Division of Scientific Laboratories. Dr. James B. Rucker, Jr., Director of Laboratories. Mr. Alexander Garcia, Bacteriologist. " Dr. John M. Campbell , Pathologist. Dr. Harvey L. Bates, Assistant.
Selected Nurses of the Department of Health, Thirty-four in Number; on Duty at the Gettysburg Celebration. Miss Alice M. O'Halloran, Chief Nurse, Philadelphia. Miss Margaret C. Parsons, First Assistant Nurse, Philadelphia.
74 Gettysbiorg Reunion.
Miss Emily G. Jones, Wilkes-Barre. Miss Martha James, Wilkes-Barre. Miss Ella B. Featherstone, Wilkes-Barre. Miss Helen Miller, York. Miss Lucy Schellenberger , Carlisle. Miss Gertrude Rapp, West Chester. Miss Katherine Hughes, Johnstown. Miss Florence Matthews, Chambersburg. Miss Katherine Donnelly, Chester. Miss Sarah Butler, Harrisburg. Miss Helen J. Roth, Harrisburg. Miss Blanche Yowler, Harrisburg. Miss Frankford Lewis, Harrisburg. Miss Retta Follmer, Berwick. Miss Elizabeth Holmes, Pittsburgh. Miss Florence M. Phillips, Philadelphia. Miss Effie Heeney, Philadelphia. Miss Margaret Flynn, Philadelphia. Miss Blanche Hayes, Philadelphia. Miss Mae Richards, Philadelphia. Miss Clara Fiechter, Philadelphia. Miss Anna M. Lafferty, Reading. Miss Louisa Tritschler, Allentown. Miss Flora Wilson, Monongahela. Miss Mercy Valentine, Mt. Carmel. Miss Agnes M. Martin, Hanover. Miss Ada Wahlay, Mont Alto. Miss Maud Super, Mont Alto. • Miss Anna L. Hart, Mont Alto. Miss Jennie Simmons, Williamsport. Miss Mary Miller, Lebanon. Miss Clara B. Heinrich, Lancaster.
Division of Accounting and Purchasiiig. Mr. Edwin I. Simpson, Chief of Division.
Other Members of the Staff. Mr. Harry Lindley Hosford, Secretary to the Commissioner. Mr. Charles W. Webbert, General Inspector. Capt. Edward H. Schell, Erection of canvas. Lieut. Ralph C. Crow, Care of Canvas and Camp Policing. Mr. Elijah B. Jenkyn, Statistician and Special Registrar. Mr. Daniel V. Ness, Stenographer. Miss Ivy E. Huber, Stenographer. Mr. Roy C. Miller, General Aide. Mr. Thompson S. Martin, Clerk. Mrs. Annie M. Klee, Matron.
The organization as indicated being completed at this early date.
Gettysburg Reunion. 75
the Chief Engineer, F. Herbert Snow, and his staff were sent into the field to make a general survey, and report on the engineering work necessary so it could be incorporated with other data that an approximate estimate might be placed before His Excellency, the Governor, and your honorable Commission. Before this time Inspec- tors were already on rush work to detect and report all unsanitary conditions because of this occasion.
On April the 21st, the Chief Engineer reported that the population of Gettysburg was about 4,500, and that of the Borough and the surrounding district during the Celebration, including the veterans and the United States troops, would exceed an average of over 100,- 000 each day throughout the life of the gathering. That the hotel ac- commodations, the municipality's housing and feeding facilities and its transportation lines, were totally inadequate to care for the great number of visitors in addition to the veterans of the Civil War was obvious. These facts pointed clearly to the necessity of my getting in immediate communication with the Federal authorities in charge as well as with the heads of other State Departments which had their shares in this important and great work. At this stage of the un- dertaking a meeting was* arranged that I might meet His Excellency, the Governor, your honorable body and Colonel Beitler, your Secre- tary, in order that a general outline of the work might be discussed and an approximate estimate of cost arrived at. The general scheme was approved, and it was decided to set aside $25,000 of the special appropriation for the work entrusted to the Commissioner of Health.
A visit to Gettysburg for a personal inspection of the entire situa- tion followed the conference with you where I met the Council and local Board of Health. At this meeting it was voted to give the Com- missioner of Health entire control of health affairs in the Borough for a certain time, as appears in the letter attached hereto: —
"Gettysburg, Pa., May 7, 1913. Mr. Samuel G. Dixon,
Commissioner of Health, Harrisburg, Pa.
My Dear Sir: — At a meeting of the Town Council held Mon- day evening, April 28th, 1913, the following was read to the Council: — "Mr. Samuel G. Dixon, Commissioner of Health of Pennsylvania, has requested Town Council to adopt a resolu- tion authorizing the State Department of Health to assume and take full charge of all matters pertaining to the health of per- sons in the Borough of Gettysburg during the period com- mencing June 25th, 1913, and ending July 25th, 1913."
He requests this in order that there may be no conflict of authority between his department and the Borough authorities in the management of the affairs of the celebration of the fiftieth anniversary.
It was moved: "That the request, AS A RESOLUTION, be" G
76 Gettyshurg Reunion.
"adopted and the local Board of Health be requested to take similar action regarding the State Board of Health." The motion was adopted unanimously.
Very respectfully yours, (Signed,) C. B. KITZMILLER,
Secretary of Town Council."
The Superintendent of the Water Company reported that his com- pany was not prepared to take care of such a multitude of persons as was expected by the officials and that its contract with the borough did not contemplate such a supply as would be necessary. He further declared that the company could not expend the money required to meet the emergency. The position of the company seemed reason- able, and therefore an agreement was entered into which gave the State full control of the entire system of water works during the celebration.
At this time a visit was paid to the authorities of the Philadelphia and Reading Railway Company and the Western Maryland Railway Company to arrange for placing two Comfort Stations on their re- spective properties, and to select sidings f6r two hospital trains, all of which was happily accomiplished as will appear in the fuller account of the working of the scheme. A visit was also made to view the hospital site, the free use of which had been generously tendered by Mr. William Kurtz. The offer was accepted and work at once started to prepare the ground for the Emergency Hospital. With Mr. John D. Keith, Chairman of the Committee of Council, we selected all the sites for the Comfort Stations and for the Medical and Surgical Relief Stations. A most satisfactory interview was had with Capt. Harry P. Dalton, representing Maj. Gen. J. B. Alshire, Quartermaster General, United States Army, in charge of the prep- aration of the camp for veterans, regarding the work laid out by the Federal Government. During this interview we learned tliat the United States Government would have to have an auxiliary attach- ment to our water line in case their wells proved inadequate.
An automobile was ordered to make the run from the Pennsylvania State South Mountain Sanatorium at Mont Alto, Franklin County, in order to measure the time necessary to transport foodstuffs from there in case during the time of the encampment a congestion of the railroads should interfere with our food supplies. This route proved to be practicable, not only for carrying foodstuffs but for obtaining additional doctors and nurses in case our force on the grounds should prove too limited to meet any emergency from railroad accidents or other possible occurrences.
At the request of Colonel Beitler, tAvo Comfort Houses and an Emergency Station were placed on the grounds close to the "Big Tent." We also furnished drinking fountains in the "Big Tent" for the veterans and visitors.
It was then arranged with the Telephone Company to connect our hospital with special points throughout the territory to enable those
'Over There, Beyomj Devil's L)e.\," Etc., Etc.
'Back There at the Ridge," Etc., Etc.
Gettysburg Reunion. 11
in distress quickly to communicate with tlie ambulance corps. A number of Boy Scouts were detailed for duty at the hospital, and they proved to be of the greatest use in many ways. Cards giving the exact situation of our Emergency Hospital and the Relief Station were printed and distributed to the State Constabulary on duty at Gettysburg, the local Police, Boy Scouts, the Bureau of Informa- tion at the Governor's camp, etc., so that quick communication could be had in any emergency.
Upon our return to Harrisburg, Adjutant General Thomas J. Stew- art, reviewed in a general way the estimate of hospital tents needed for the emergency hospital camp. The General showed the same willingness that we had met with in all the Federal and State and Municipal authorities to work in harmony that eflSciency and economy might best be obtained, and agreed to loan the Department all the "Hospital Tents" estimated to be necessary for the Emergency. The general hospital supplies were discussed with the Chief Medical In- spector, Dr. B. Franklin Royer, and Chief Surgeon, Dr. George B. Kunkel, and instructions were then passed over with a requisition to the Purchasing Agent, Mr. E. I. Simpson, of the Department.
Next in order of the organization was an arrangement with the nearest hospitals receiving State aid to accept and care for all cases whose sickness or injuries would require a longer hospital life than that of the Emergency Hospital on the battle grounds. This arrange- ment was not only made by the "Department for our own patients but also for those of the Hospitals of the Federal Camp. An agreement was also entered into with the Harrisburg Hospitals to have their physicians board the trains as they arrived in Harrisburg and take off all the sick unable to proceed to Gettysburg.
The foregoing gives a concise statement of the beginning of my relation to the work and an outline of the organization established. How this organization performed the task assigned to it will be shown in the more detailed and comprehensive account of what was done to carry out the wish of His Excellency, the Governor, and the instructions of your Commission.
The Water Supply, Public and Private.
The public water works system is owned and operated by the Gettysburg Water Company. The pumping station and filter plant are located on Marsh Creek, three miles from town. They were con- structed first in 1894 and were rebuilt by order of this Department, and, as improved, were put in operation the beginning of the year 1913. The new purification plant as it stands now, comprises two fil- ter units each of one-half million gallons capacity, and the usual ap- pliances of a modern mechanical filtration lay out. The reservoir's capacity was found to be 800,000 gallons.
Our studies demonstrated that an additional water supply would have to be sought to supply enough water lor general purposes alone, without provision for a conflagration.
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Agreement Between the State and the Gettyshurg Water Company.
The following agreement was therefore entered into that the phy- sical condition of the plant might be tested and the State might have entire control of maintenance and regulation of the consumption dur- ing the celebration:
"Owing to the unusual conditions and demands anticipated for the first week in the month of July next, and for and in consideration of the advantages which may be derived therefrom and for the public welfare, the Gettysburg Water Company does hereby transfer and turn over to the Commissioner of Health of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, the management of its plant with its Superintendent and other employees for a period of eight days, beginning the 29th day of June and ending the 6th day of July, 1913.
In order that the plant may be operated to the best advantage during that period and the greatest possible amount of water may be furnished, the Commissioner of Health is hereby authorized at such time as he may see fit, to test the system and mains by operat- ing the pumping station to its full capacity, to wit: at the rate of one million gallons per twenty-four hours for a period of a week and the further right to enter upon any property of the said water com- pany at any time between the date hereof and the said 29th day of June, for the purpose of making repairs or improvements or other necessary work preparatory to the operating of the plant for the said eight days; upon the conditions that during the preliminary test of the mains all necessary repairs and extra cost of fuel and labor over and above the ordinary cost of the daily operation of the plant shall be paid by the State and that during the said eight days, beginning June 29th and ending July 6th, all necessary repairs shall be made at the expense of the State; said repairs to include all costs and expenses incidental to or arising from the necessity for said re- pairs, and also granting to the Commissioner of Health the right to open up and operate the four drilled wells near the reservoir on Cemetery Hill, under the condition that the water pumped therefrom shall be delivered through meters approved and read by the said com- pany into the reservoir and shall be credited to the State on all water used by the State in its hospitals, dispensaries, public comfort sta- tions or elsewhere, provided that if there be an excess of water so pumped over water used by the State, these excesses shall go to the benefit of the Water Company, and in case of the amount of water used by the State exceeds the amount of water so pumped, the excess shall be paid for by the State to the Water Company at the rate of 12 cents per thousand gallons.
The water company to give to the State such connections for the supply of water to the hospitals, dispensaries, comfort stations and other places as the Commissioner of Health may require. The State to furnish the meters and all necessary materials and labor therefor, including making connection at the point of tappage to the mains of the Water Company, which shall be done under the direction of the Water Company."
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"During tho said eight days, beginning with June 29th, the Commis- sioner of Health to have full control of the equitable distribution of the water to the town and the several camps whether within or with- out the corporate limits of the Borough as occasion or emergency may require.
This transfer and the privileges herein granted are made subject to the conditions that the State shall after July 6th, 1913, surrender to the Gettysburg Water Company its plant, wells, pumping station, mains, etc., in as good condition and repair as the same were at the time the State assumed the management thereof.
THE GETTYSBURG WATER COMPANY, (Signed,) By Walter H. O'Neil, President."
There are four drilled wells found near the reservoir. These wells were originally operated by wind-mills, but had not been operated for some time. It was found on examination that one of these wells was practically useless. It was, however, decided to operate the other three and to install gasoline engine driven pump heads and new tub- ing so as not to be dependent upon the wind for motive power.
After the construction work at the wells was completed the wells were all pumped individually and together for a period of several days until the pipes had been thoroughly cleansed as well as the in- terior of the well casing. These tests showed that with the ground water level obtaining at the time of the Celebration 150,000 gallons of water per 24 hours could be pumped from the wells.
During the Celebration men were kept at the wells day and night in order to start the pumps should necessity arise, due to the inability of the main borough pumping station to supply the borough with water under the increased consumption, or to a fire or other emerg- ency. In order to be sure that the pumps were in working order they were started each shift and run for a period of a few minutes. A record of operation of the pumps, together with the water levels in the main reservoir was carefully kept.
Abatement of StreaTn Pollutions on Marsh Greek Watershed.
The abatement of stream pollutions on Marsh Creek watershed was determined to be of the greatest importance, as the waters would be used by those visiting the battle grounds and also by dairymen supplying milk. A short account of this work follows. Had this work not been done digestive disturbances would have caused much sickness and many deaths.
The Marsh Creek watershed above the intake of the Gettysburg water works comprises a drainage area of 57.5 square miles mostly open, rolling, farming territory with a number of small settlements scattered about. The total population on this watershed is 2,250. Every occupied estate was visited by Inspectors of the Department in April and May of 1913. There were 588 occupied estates in the basin of which 174 were found to be in an unsatisfactory condition from one cause or another. There were 33 barnyard pollutions, 41 privy menaces, 6 pollutions due to kitchen drainage, 5 due to laundry
80 Gettysburg Reunion.
wastes, 42 due to pig pens, some due to manure piles and one to an overflowing cesspool. Notices of abatement were served and neces- sary changes effected in attempting to preserve the purity of the waters that flow in the streams for the protection of the public health. This work occupied the attention of a corps of 12 inspectors for 35 days.
Private Wells and Springs in the Borough and Surrounding Country.
The use of water drawn from the ground in proximity to dwellings and thickly settled communities, for drinking purposes, is most hazardous. In and about Gettysburg there were known to be several hundred of such private sources of drinking water. It would not do to bestow attention on the public supply and leave unattended the question of the purity of these many sources of private supply. The officers of the Engineering Division who were assigned to this work, spent 121 days on inspections in the borough and the surrounding country.
A house to house canvas in the borough showed a total of 205 pri- vate supplies as follows: Dug wells, 143; drilled wells, 24; springs," 9; cisterns, 29.
Samples of water were collected at each of these places. They were analyzed at the Department Laboratories. Sixty-seven samples showed the presence of sewage organisms in the water. By pre-ar- rangement the results of the analysis were placed in the hands of the local Board of Health. At its meeting on May 15th, 1913, the Board adopted three forms of notices to be served by officers of the State Department of Health on the owner or occupant of the property where the spring or other source of drinking water was reported by the State Department of Health as dangerous.
The first form of notice was a statement that the water of the well, cistern, or spring had been found by the State Department of Health to be unfit for human consumption and in consequence the notice was an order that the well shall be permanently closed within ten days of the service of the notice, or, in default, that the work will be done and the cost thereof collected by process of law. The second form was a statement that the well, cistern, or spring was imperfectly protected against surface drainage or other pollution and that in consequence the water was a menace to the public health. Hence this form of notice re:]uired the owner or occupant to repair, cover, and protect the said private source of sup- ply in accordance with the instructions of the State Department of- ficer. In default of compliance with this notice the well was pla- carded as dangerous, and where a placard was tampered with the well was then securely closed against use. The third form related to a well, spring, or cistern that had been voluntarily abandoned for use, although still existing, and because of pollution of the water constituted a menace to public health. The owner was ordered per- manently to close this possible supply within ten days. In lieu of which the work would be done and cost collected by process of law.
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Such notices were served by the Department ofBcers and, as a result, 50 of the private supplies were permanently abandoned, 20 were repaired and protected against surface drainage, 7 were tem- porarily abandoned, and 42 were placarded.
Outside of the borough in the surrounding country an inspection was made of each and every source of water supply on occupied es- tates. Three hundred and nine such supplies were examined, sam- ples were collected and analyzed. Thirty-three per cent, of these private sources were found to contain sewage organisms. At the time the officer made his first visit to an estate he gave verbal instruc- tions relative to the kind of repairs, alterations, or improvements probably necessary and these suggestions were followed out in numer- ous instances. Thirty-eight of the private water supplies were on land owned by the Federal Government under charge of tlie Gettys- burg National Park Commission. Eight of the 38 supplies showed the presence of B. Coli. They were all placarded.
Work Done by the Department of Health Laboratories. In the laboratories of the Department 759 samples of water were analyzed bacteriologically. Three hundred and forty-seven of these samples were collected in the borough of Gettysburg, 357 of the samples were collected out in the surrounding country, and 55 addi- tional samples were collected in that portion of the battlefield owned or controlled by the Gettysburg National Park Commission.
Supply of Drinking Water at the "Big Tent" Where Anniversary Exercises Were Held.
At the "Big Tent" on the Battlefield, where the main celebration and exercises were held, the State Department established two Dis- pensaries and provided drinking water for the crowds that assem- bled there. Seven sanitary drinking fountains were placed at con- venient points about the tent. An ice coil was attached to each of these drinking fountains and the water was supplied to the pub- lic at a temperature of natural spring water. Thousands upon thousands of veterans and citizens availed themselves of this plente- ous supply of cool water.
The sewerage system was originally planned and erected under the supervision of the Department of Health to meet the ordinary de- mands of the borough of Gettysburg with a margain of capacity for a slow growth of the municipality. To protect the streams for such a short time as the life of the celebration, treatment plants were Installed and heavy dosage of germicides depended upon.
Public Comfort Stations. Sanitary facilities in Gettysburg were totally inadequate to pro- vide for the necessities of the great crowds there during the anni- versary week, and hence it was determined to erect Public Coanfort Stations. The sites were selected after careful study and consulta-
82 Gettysiui-g Reunion.
tion with the local authorities. Six buildings were erected. Each was built of yellow pine construction, having a floor of surfaced lumber, sides of tongued and grooved surfaced lumber, and a roof of rough lumber covered with tar paper.
A 12 hopper station was erected on Franklin street at the corner of Chambersburg street. A 12 hopper station was erected at South street, corner of Baltimore street, and a 12 hopper station was erected at Stratton street, corner of York street. An 18 hopper station was erected at West Middle street, near Baltimore street, and an 18 hopper station was erected on land of the Western Maryland Railway Company near its passenger station. Great crowds of per- sons congregated in this vicinity and in the public square, and it was found that no mistake had been made in selecting this locality for a Comfort Station. A 24 hopper station was erected on land of the Philadelphia and Reading Railway Company near its passenger station. In fact, were accommodations again to be provided for as great a crowd no improvement could be made in selecting the sites for these six Comfort Stations.
Each Comfort Station was provided with flush closets, a wash room, paper towels, a bubbling fountain for drinking water on the male side and the female side, and a male and female attendant was always in charge.
The water and sewer connections to these six buildings were made under the direction of the Department Engineers. The work was done for our account by Contractor A. B. Plank. A two- inch water line was laid to each building from taps made into the nearest borough main. A 6-inch sewer connection was also laid from each building to the nearest borough sewer. In making the water connections to the six comfort stations a total of 252 feet of two-inch pipe was used, and a total length of 106 feet of 6 inch terra cotta pipe. All water used in the Comfort Stations was measured by meters, a |-inoh meter being placed on the lines at the Franklin street, St. James' Church (Stratton street) and South street Comfort Stations and one-inch meter on the lines at the Read- ing Railway, Western Maryland Railway and Court House Comfort Stations (West Middle street).
Electric lights were installed in each of the Comfort Stations, a total of four 40 Watt tungsten lights being placed in each station.
The Comfort Stations "near the Reading Railway and Western Maryland Railway were opened at noon on the 27th of June. The Comfort Stations at St. James' Church and the Court House were opened at 8 a. m. on the 29th. Up to and including June 30th, the stations were open from 8 a. m. to 9 p. m. From July 1st to 4th inclusive, they were open from 8 a. m. to 11 p. m. On July 5th all of the Comfort Stations, excepting those at the two railroad stations' were closed at noon. These two Stations were left open, but at- tendants were not on duty.
After the celebration four of the Comfort Stations were dismantled, the two at the railroad stations were allowed to remain intact with
Gettysburg Reunion. 83
the understanding that they should be open to the public during future encampments.
At the "Big Tent" where the anniversary exercises were held out in the country, the Department constructed two large latrines of the War Department type, one for men and the other for women. After the celebration the latrines were torn down and all of the material shipped away. A male and female attendant were stationed at these latrines during the celebration week. Disinfectants were used and the premises were maintained in the most satisfactory manner.
At the close of the celebration the following letter was sent to the local Board of Health: —
"State Department of Health,
Emergency Hospital, Gettysburg, July 5,1913. To the Gettysburg Board of Health,
Dr. Henry Stewart, Secretary. Gentlemen: — This is to notify you that our Hospital will close tomorrow morning and that then the management of all matters pertaining to health and sanitation in your town will be back in your hands. The sewage disposal plants erected by us will be given to the borough and I have notified the Council giving instructions about how to operate perma- nently these plants. I am handing over the management of the water works system to the Water Company with instruc- tions as to details about running the filter plant and pumping station. We shall tear down and remove the Comfort Stations on Monday next. The Hospital is being closed today. Thanking you for your courtesies, I beg to remain, Yours truly,
(Signed,) Samuel G. DIXON,
Commissioner of Health."
The State's Emergency Hospital.
The site was offered to the State for the Emergency Hospital and accepted as being well fitted for this purpose. After determining the exact location the Engineering Division made a survey which demonstrated a fall in three directions.
The Pennsylvania Department of Health Emergency Hospital was then located on this tract of ground in the southeastern portion of the borough, facing on Brickyard lane, known as the Kurtz prop- erty, near the congested portion of the borough, and only about four blocks from the public square. The ground was gently sloping in topography, affording good drainage and insuring an early dis- appearance of storm water. The public water and sewer lines were close to the property and so situated that connections could be made in an economical and satisfactory manner. The site, though easily accessible to all parts of the borough, was slightly removed from the main highways with their accompanying noise and dirt.
84 Gettysburg Reunion.
The hospital consisted of 35 regulation hospital tents and flies, one stable fly, one fly protecting the main ice box, and six wooden buildings. Five of these wooden buildings were sanitaries, the sixth was a small ice house. The tents faced to the southwest and in general were placed on three main streets running northwest and southeast. The minimum distance between tents was twenty feet, insuring an abundant supply of light and air, and also permitting of wide paths between the guy ropes for policing and handling the ropes.
The front row of tents consisted of headquarters tent and an ad- ministration tent in the centre with a receiving tent for men pa- tients on the left and a similar receiving tent for women patients on the right. Immediately behind the two receiving tents were lo- cated, on the two other streets the hospital tents for men and women. The operating tent, mess tent, and kitchen tent were located in the centre of the group, while the tents for physicians, engineers, and orderlies were located on the left of the male hospital tents and the tents for nurses and female employees were located on the right of the female hospital tents. The stable fly and tent for stable men were located to the left and rear of the entire hospital group. Thus the Emergency Hospital consisted of nineteen tents for purely hospital purposes and nineteen tents for employees, administration, and kitchen purposes.
In the construction of the hospital, tlie first work undertaken, after clearing the site and staking out the location of the various tents, was the construction of the sewer and water systems. A con- nection was made to the borough sewer line which crossed the prop- erty near its northern end and about five hundred feet northwest of the hospital buildings. The main sewer was of terra cotta six inches in diameter and extended along one of the main streets to the upper end of the camp. The topography of the ground is such that it was only necessary to lay this sewer about two feet below the surface of the ground. Branch connections four inches in diame- ter were made to the sanitaries and to slop hoppers located near each receiving tent, the operating tent, the mess tent and the kitchen tent. Wooden manholes were constructd on the main sewers at junction points and changes in grade so that the sewer could have been cleaned had stoppages occurred. These manholes were neces- sary inasmuch as the sewers were laid on flat grades and the water consumption was to be reduced to a minimum, giving an increased danger of stoppage. The total length of 4 inch and 6 inch sewer pipe was 945 feet.
A connection was made with the borough water main in Baltimore street, at the intersection of Brickyard lane. The main water line was of wrought pipe 2 inches in diameter and was laid for the most part in the same trench as the sewer line. At points where it was necessary to lay the water line in a separate trench, the line was placed only about 6 indies below the surface of the ground. The main water line extended from end to end of the camp witli. 1-inch diame-
U. S. Temporary . Post Office in the Great Ca>
^■^1 -^
Veterans Enrolling Their Names. Commands, and Camp and Home Ad- dresses IN one of the Thirty Register Books Located Throughout the Great Camp.
Gettysburg Reunion. 85
ter branches to the sanitaries, slop hopper, and stable tent. Water for cooking and general purposes was obtained from the hydrants at each slop hopper and water needed at the istable was obtained from a small wooden trough at the stable. A total of 1,297 feet of water line was laid. The lines were equipped with gate valves so that a portion of the line only need be closed off, should repairs be necessary.
The sanitaries were small frame structures 10 feet square in plan arranged in two groups. The group on the male side of the camp consisted of two sanitaries and the group on the female side con- sisted of three sanitaries. Each sanitary contained two flush hop- pers and a wooden wash trough having four spring valve outlets, so that four people could wash at each trough at the same time.
While the water and the sewer lines were being constructed, an- other gang of men was proceeding with the erection of the tents. Carpenters were also at work on the construction of the sanitaries and other carpenter work.
Wood floors were placed in the following tents: Headquarters Tent, Administration Tent, Men's Receiving Tent, Women's Re- ceiving Tent, Operating Tent, and two Hospital Tents.
It was necessary to construct board sidewalks, consisting of two boards laid side by side, along most of the camp streets. A total of 835 lineal feet of sidewalks were constructed. In order to keep provisions from spoiling, two wooden refrigerators, each 5 ft. 9 in. by 6 ft. long and 3 ft, deep were constructed, as well as seven small ice boxes 2 ft. long by 18 in. wide and 18 in. deep, for use in the various hospital and dispensary tents. A small ice house, 10 ft. by 12 ft. in size, was also constructed for holding the main store of ice.
Three sanitary drinking fountains of the bubbling type, with ice cooling coils, were installed, one fountain being placed near each end of the camp and the third fountain immediately back of the headquarters tent.
It was necessary to make and furnish a number of articles for the operation of the hospital, such as mess tables, kitchen tables, small tables for the hospital and administration tents, operating table, bread box, storage cabinets, rack for improvised steam steri- lizer, etc. It was also necessary to construct stalls in the stable fly and a watering trough for horses nearby.
Some work was performed in clearing rubbish from the ground covered by the tents and in their immediate vicinity; and in build- ing a dirt road from Brickyard lane to the front of the headquarters and Receiving Tent.
A contract was awarded for the construction of a flag pole in front of the Headquarters Tent, and for the installation of electric lights in the Administration and Hospital Tents. The balance of the work enumerated above was performed by day labor, furnished by a con- tractor of Gettysburg, on the basis of cost, plus 10 per cent, profit
86 Gettysburg Reunion.
on labor and material, and under the direct supervision of Engineers and Inspectors of the Department.
The ground around the tents and the tents not lighted by elec- tricity were lighted by lanterns. Standards consisting of a pole driven into the ground and a small cross piece nailed to tht^ top of the same were provided for the lanterns used to light the ground around the hospital tents and the entrance road from Baltimore street.
In the meantime details of outfit of the Emergency Hospital, the Relief Stations, and Dispensaries were being worked out. After a careful consideration of the probable needs to be met it was decided to house the hospital proper and the administration quarters in thirty-five hospital tents all with extension flies. These tents were to be set up in pairs, flies on, so as to make a continuous ward through two tents and under two consecutive flies giving a large space for cots and reclining chairs, a space that was shaded and cool. It was also decided to place two such hospital tents near the "Big Tent," adjoining the Federal Camp, where they could be used as Dispensaries and as Emergency Relief Stations. In addition to these it was planned to set up six tents (7 ft. x 7 ft.) to be occupied as Relief Stations, and to make a similar use of the Tuberculosis Dispensary at Gettysburg.
Steps were then taken to procure and equip two Hospital Trains , each consisting of two combination cars with wide doors and suitable for use as Dispensaries and Emergency Relief Stations as well as for the transportation of patients whom it wiS necessary to transfer. The cars were obtained from the Philadelphia and Reading Railway Company. This type of car was chosen because the baggage com- partment could be used as a field dispensary and an office for nurses. and, by means of its wide doors, greatly facilitated the loading and unloading of patients. This compartment promised also to be con- venient for the storage of ice and small supplies of drugs and food. The passenger compartment was completely cleared of all seats and ten cots were placed within. The general layout of such a car is easily seen by the accompanying illustrations. The gas tanks were filled and ready for use, but ordinarily the electric current of the town was employed in the baggage compartments and could be at- tached to fans whenever occasion arose to use them. A connection with the local telephone service was also made. These Hospital Trains proved to be exceedingly useful. They not only Increased the equip- ment of the Department for immediate care of patients at Gettys- burg and facilitated the transfer of its patients to hospitals at dis- tant points, even before breaking camp, but they were ultimately very valuable aids in removing some of the patients from the hos- pitals of the Federal camp to remoter hospitals for a continuance of treatment.
The excellence and economy of our facilities for the local trans- portation of patients were largely due to the courtesy of the Medico-
Gettysburg Reunion. 87
Chirurgical Hospital of Philadelphia which at once, at our request, loaned us a horse ambulance and later added an admirable automo- bile ambulance accompanied by the hospital driver. Another am- bulance was loaned us by the Pennsylvania State Sanatorium for Tuberculosis at Mont Alto. This equipment enabled us, without con- venient hospital site, to respond with wonderful rapidity to all emerg- ency calls during the crowded days and nights of the celebration. It is of some interest to note that we were able to receive promptly every applicant for admission to the hospital and to respond quickly to every call for assistance, whether that call was merely for a physician or nurse to render aid or for removal to the hospital. The promptitude of this service was greatly aided by the admirable telephonic connection established between the hospital and the re- lief stations and many points where accidents were likely to occur. For the daily needs of the Department in the transport of of- ficers and nurses, for obtaining supplies, or even occasionally for the transfer of patients, a large automobile, a capacious ten passen- ger wagon, two baggage wagons, and a one horse buggy were hired as a part of the regular outfit. An automobile from the Sanatorium at Mont Alto was utilized during a part of each day. We are also under great obligations to Dr. Thomas H. A. Stites, Dr. W. C. Schultz, and Dr. E. R. Plank who placed their automobiles at our service.
In estimating the Medical Staff that would be required we had to consider first the probable number of veterans and the probable num- ber of visitors who would reach Gettysburg for the Annual Encampment of the Grand Army Veterans of Pennsylvania beginning on the 26th day of June, and ending on the 28th; and then also the number of veterans and visitors likely to reach Gettysburg and vicinity from the time of the arrival of the first veterans from outside of Pennsyl- vania on June 29th until the breaking of camp on the 6th of July; and finally the care of those who might remain behind after the Anniversary Camp had ended.
After going carefully over the estimates of the Commission and discussing the matter in considerable detail, we estimated that for a Medical Staff, it would be necessary for us to have at least three physicians from the 26th to the 28th of June, inclusive; and that the staff should be increased each day from the 29th on, until a total of 26 should be on duty on the busy days, always having enough additional physicians available that they could be called in on short notice in case more were needed. A total of 27 physicians were at hand and on duty during the most crowded day of the celebration, July 4th, and at the same time the Nursing Staff had been increased as required until on this day 34 nurses were on duty in the Emerg- ency Hospital and the various Dispensaries and Relief Stations. We organized our Surgeons by making one of them Chief Surgeon; three of our County Medical Inspectors known to have large surgical ex- perience were appointed Assistant Surgeons; one Substitute Assistant Surgeon, and one Ophthalmic Surgeon. Other physicians were se-
88 GcCti/shui-g Reunion.
lected to act in the capacity of medical men, among them many County Medical Inspectors, the Medical Directors of the two State Senatoria for Tuberculosis, certain Chiefs of Tuberculosis Dispen- saries of the Department, and, in several instances, men who were Assistant Physicians in the Dispensaries. There was one Chief Nurse and one Assistant Chief Nurse. All the nurses brought in for the work were the regular trained nurses in the employ of the Depart- ment doing routine work in connection with the dispensaries and sanatoria. This calling in of Medical and Nursing Corps already well trained in Department methods and thoroughly disciplined made the management of the Emergency Hospital, Dispensaries and Relief Stations a comparatively easy matter because all of these persons came well equipped for their work and trained to obey orders. It was necessary to recruit a number of orderlies from nearby towns, and to secure cooks, assistant cooks, and helpers from Harrisburg and vicinity.
Compensation for service during the celebration was given only to such persons as are not in the employ of the Department under a regular engagement with a fixed annual salary.
The layout of the grounds and buildings is of considerable inter- est. The accompanying diagram shows the relation of the various parts of this Emergency Hospital to the Headquarters and Administra- tive tents, to the operating and provision portions of the hospital as well as the arrangement for the proper distribution of the sexes in the wards.
With the exception of the hospital tents and a company unit cook- ing outfit, all the supplies, including 248 cots and their complement of bedding, all other cooking utensils, tableware, cutlery, certain food supplies, etc., and all emergency hospital supplies including surgical instruments, operating outfits, surgical dressings, bandages, all antiseptics and drug materials had to be purchased or rented in the market. In this outfit were included vaccine virus, immuniz- ing and curative doses of diphtlieria antitoxin, and immunizing doses of tentanus antitoxin. Through the courtesy of General Stewart, the services of Capt. Edward H. Schell and Lieut. Ralph C. Crow were obtained for erecting the canvas and completing the hospital arrangements and Lieut. Crow was employed to remain in charge of the canvas, policing the camp, and certain executive work throughout the celebration. He also packed and shipped all canvas and supplies at the conclusion of the celebration. All the supplies were purchased by the purchasing agent of the Department, and were shipped to Gettysburg some days in advance of the formal celebration, so that when the Annual Encampment of the Grand Army Veterans of Pennsylvania began on June 26th the Hospital and Relief Stations were fully equipped and ready for any service which they might be expected to render.
We are much indebted to the Jefferson Medical College of Phila- delphia and the Chambersburg Hospital for their courtesy in care- fully sterlizing for us numerous packages of dressings made up by
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our nurses for use at the Hospital in its operating tent, or at the Relief Stations or in the ambulances in their emergency work.
The first patients to arrive at the Hospital were an aged Union veteran from Philadelphia, who entered early in the day of the 26th of June, and later on in the same day a Confederate veteran from Hagerstown, Md. These gentlemen quickly catching the spirit of the occasion, became friends, ate, slept, and dined together with the true campfire spirit. Our second lot of patients came from a collison along the trolley line near Devil's Den, some six injured persons being rushed to u's in the Department's ambulance and hos- pital automobiles. The work in the Emergency Hospital, however, did not become heavy until Sunday and Monday, the 29th and 30th days of June, and ceased on the 5th day of July, when the hospital was emptied and the last of the patients were transferred.
On the morning of July 4th we had to anticipate an enormous surging of the crowds to the vicinity of the Assembly Tent and a complete filling of the tent itself by eleven o'clock, when the Presi- dent of the United States was scheduled to address the veterans. In preparation for any catastrophe that miglit happen or any stamped- ing of the crowds, as many of the doctors and nurses as could be spared from the Relief Stations, Dispensaries and the Hospital itself, were transferred to these congested points and attached to the Dis- pensaries at each end of the Assembly Tent, so that a half hour be- fore the President arrived our corps at this point had been increased from the usual 3 doctors, 4 nurses and 2 pairs of litter carriers to 10 doctors, 12 nurses and 12 pairs of litter carriers. Fortunately no serious accident occurred and perfect order was maintained. I believe that at one time the twelve cots in connection with the Field Dispensary were filled with cases of temporary indisposition.
A general idea of the work done, so far as it can show itself in a statistical form, may be obtained from the appended tabulated list of the various illnesses and injuries for which treatment was given at Relief Stations and Dispensaries or in the hospital proper. The mortality report for the registration district is added. It is grati- fying to know that although some of the patients received in the Hospital were desperately ill or badly injured we closed the Hospital without a death. It is perhaps well to state here, however, that in the tabulated statistical study no cases were included which were not actually treated either medically or surgically. No attempt was made to take the names or to keep a list of the thousands of cases seeking a little rest or refreshment at the various Relief Stations, Dispensaries, and Comfort Houses.
90 Gettysburg Reunion.
EMERGENCY HOSPITAL OF THE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AT GETTYSBURG.
June 26th, to July 6th, 1913.
Number receiving medical and surgical aid from Department Doctors, Relief Stations, and Dispen- saries, 603
Number received at the Emergency Hospital and Hospital cars and occupying beds therein, 406
Total , 1,009
The .603 cases receiving emergency relief were classified as follows: — Disorders of the Digestive System, Diarrhoea, etc., (223); Moderate Exhaustion from Heat and Over Exertion, (149); Minor Accidents and Injuries, (109); Conjunctivitis, (IS); Aggravated Sunburn, (17); Cystitis, and Retention of Urine, (6); Asthma, (4); Ivy Poison, (6); Tonsillitis and Throat Affections, (37); Rheumatism, (2); Migraine severe, (15); Hernia, (2); Hemorrhoids, (2); Oedema of the Lower Extremities, and Varicose Veins, (3); Purunculosis, (3); Abscesses, (3); Insect Stings, (2); Tuberculosis, (1); Epilepsy, (1).
The 406 cases occupying beds were admitted for the following causes: —
Heat Exhaustion, (226); Exhaustion from Excitement and Over Ex- ertion, (39); Diarrhoea, and Intestinal Disorders, (52); Acute In- digestion, and Gastric Disturbances, (16); Accidental Injuries, (48); Rheumatism, (6); Bronchitis, (3); Laryngitis, (1); Dermatitis follow- ing Sunburn, (2); Bite of Insect, (1); Ivy Poison, (2); Ulcer of Leg, (1); Prolonged Migraine, (1); Hernie, (1); Angina Pectoris, (1); Arteriosclerosis, (1); Infected Wound of Hand, (1); Foreign Body in the Eye, (1); Chronic Constipation, (impacted feces), (2); Tuber- culosis, (1).
Of the accidental injuries, 4 were the result of trolley accidents, • 8 of assault, 2 of fractures due to falls, 1 from a runaway horse, 1 was an extra-capsular fracture of the hip, 3 were punctured wounds of the foot; the balance being abrasions, contusions, and lacerations due to falls.
The registration district in which Gettysburg Borough is located includes also four townships. In the census of 1910 the population of these five primary registration districts was distributed as fol- lowis: Gettysburg Borough, 4,030; Cumberland Township, 1,520; Strabane Township, 1,392; Freedom Township, 476; Highland Town- ship, 411. During the period from June 29th to July 6th, 1913, in- clusive, the only deaths in this registration district were in Gettys- burg borough, 9 in number, and all non-resident.
Very early in our preparation it was recognized that a number of persons would probably need further hospital care after the cele- bration was ended and the camps dismantled. "We also realized that this number might be large. Accordingly inquiry was made at
Gettysburg Reunion. 91
certain hospitals readily accessible from Gettysburg as to their readiness to take patients should such a necessity arise. Favorable replies were received from J. C. Blair Memorial Hospital at Hunt- ingdon, the Chambersburg Hospital, the Coatesville Hospital, the Columbia Hospital, the Harrisburg Hospital, the Lancaster General Hospital, the Mary M. Packer Hospital at Sunbury, the Reading Hospital, the St. Joseph's Hospital at Lancaster, the St. Joseph's Hospital at Reading, the York Hospital. In addition to these hos- pitals of Pennsylvania a favorable answer came from several hos- pitals in Maryland, as: the Johns Hopkins Hospital, the Maryland General Hospital, the Mercy Hospital, The St. Joseph's German Hospital, the Universary of Maryland Hospital, all these of Balti- more, and the Washington County Hospital, of Hagerstown. The authorities of all these institutions expressed a lively interest in the undertaking and a desire to co-operate in every possible way. Fortunately we were obliged to make only a very limited use of the courtesies thus extended to us by these hospitals. The Department is greatly indebted to the hospitals of Harrisburg and Lancaster receiving those who were too ill to be transferred to their homes at the end of the celebration. On the afternoon of July 3rd a train- load of patients was sent to Lancaster. From this Hospital Train seven (7) patients came from the hospitals of the Camp of the "Vet- erans of the Civil War and were taken to St. Joseph's Hospital, and five more from the Veterans' Camp were taken to the Lancaster Gen- eral Hospital which also received three (3) patients from the Emerg- ency Hospital of the Department. On the evening of July 4th an- other Hospital Train carried six persons from the Emergency Hos- pital and four from the Army Hospitals to the Harrisburg Hospital. Finally, on the afternoon of July 5th, we transferred to the Har- risburg Hospital thirteen patients of whom one came from the Army Hospitals and the others from the Hospital of the Department.
Thus came the end of the Hospital and Emergency work conducted by the Department at Gettysburg. In this we had used thirty doc- tors, thirty-four nurses, seventeen orderlies, one head cook, two assistant cooks and three helpers, without taking account of the engineers who watched the conduct of the water works and other public utilities, nor of the drivers, stable men and others employed in humble but necessary work. We broke camp and departed leav- ing our engineers to clear away our buildings and clean up, and Lieut. Crow to pack up the tents.
The dismantling work cost $354.32 of which $103.00 in round numbers was required for the comfort stations; $51.00 for the drilled wells; $52.00 at the "Big Tent," removing water lines, drinking fountains, and filling up holes; and $113.00 was spent for labor in packing up supplies and equipment, tearing down tents, removing sidewalks and sanitaries, ice-house, stalls, cleaning up the ground, removal of the bubbling fountains and the disinfection of the entire hospital site.
92 Gettysburg Reunion.
Several weeks after the celebration the Borough of Gettysburg made known its appreciation of the help of the Department of Health in the following communication: —
"Gettysburg Borough, Office of the Secretary.
Gettysburg, Pa., July 22nd, 1913. It is hereby certified: —
At a regular meeting of the Town Council of the borough of Gettysburg held on July 22nd, 1913, upon motion duly made, seconded and unanimously carried upon the affirmative vote of all present; it was,
RESOLVED, That in expression of the appreciation and gratitude of the citizens of this borough and of the members of this council, a vote of thanks be given to Dr. Samuel G. Dixon, Commissioner of Health, for the invaluable assistance rendered by him personally and by his Department, to the citizens and authorities of this borough upon the occasion of the celebration of the Fiftieth Anniversary of the Battle of Gettysburg; and that a copy of this resolution be sent by the Secretary to Dr. Samuel G. Dixon.
(Signed,) C. B. KITZMILLER,
Secretary of the Town Council.
To:
Dr. Samuel G. Dixon,
Commissioner of Health,
Harrisburg, Pa."
(Seal of the Borough of Gettysburg.)
The account of expenditures as rendered by our Commissary, Mr. E. I. Simpson, is presented in a supplement which also contains a statement of the disposition made of the material remaining on hand on breaking camp.
Before bringing this report to a conclusion I desire to record my heartfelt appreciation of the kindly feeling and courtesy unfailingly shown to the Department not only by your Honorable Commission and the various Departments of the Government of the Common- wealth, but also by the Federal authorities and by the officials of the Borough, making harmonious co-operation possible and contribut- ing in no small measure to such success as the Department of Health may have attained in handling its share in carrying out the plan of a fitting celebration of the anniversary of the Battle of Gettysburg. A true estimate of the value of work like that done at Gettysburg by the Department of Health is far from easy; it is indeed almost im- possible. No simple statistical summary can be made which will express this value in a few figures which he who runs may read. The fact that a comparatively small number of persons required treat- ment and few died anywhere in the territory covered by the celebra- tion, is a matter for congratulation but is only in a very limited
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Gettysburg Reunion. 93
way a basis for judging in its entirety the work done. The experi- ence of mankind abundantly shows that when large numbers of persons of all sorts and conditions are suddenly brought together for some days in a rural community with primitive sanitary condi- tions there is sure to be trouble. Through long ages, until quite recently, large army encampments and other human throngs have often carried sickness in their train. Not only have sickness and death been common in the camp or other gathering, but often they have remained in the place after the throng had dispersed, persist- ing there sometimes for years. Thus it is that every human crowd may be a menace to itself and the community. The gathering at Gettysburg had certain peculiarities of its own. To it came many men, singly or in groups of varying size, who had made long jour- neys during which no careful supervision of food and drink was practicable. The veterans were all well on in years and among them were many persons feeble in body or mind to whom a break with the simpler conditions of their ordinary lives was a pretty seri- ous matter. They came to a camp where the United States Govern- ment had made provisions for their medical care in its admirable Hospitals. So adequate was this provisions that, at first glance, it might seem that our Emergency Hospital and Relief Stations would have little to do in caring for veterans, however useful they might be for visitors. The veterans, however, wandered about far away from their own camp and it often happened that one of them was suddenly caught by some disaster common to the enfeeblement of old age. Many such cases came into our hands, cases of the utmost seriousness requiring far more skillful attention than is commonly given in hospitals by the ordinary internes who happen to be on duty. We were very fortunate in being able to call in from the field for service at the Emergency Hospital Department of Health Officers who had had many years' training in emergency work, both surgi- cal and medical. The physicians were all of them men who had had vast hospital experience in the great industrial centres and were accustomed to quick action in surgical emergencies. Many of the medical officers were clinicians with wide training and experi- ence. All of the physicians were especially well trained for any sort of emergency work that might develop and could be relied upon to keep cool in the face of any catastrophe.
Some of the patients admitted to the Emergency Hospital were in a state of profound collapse and certainly would have died had less skillful physicians and nurses been employed. At least two of the veterans were in extremis on admission and only by the most heroic measures were they restored to life. One cannot speak too highly of the services of the entire Surgical and Medical Staff. The nurses were real martyrs, patrolling the wards continuously night and day, responding to every request and rendering nursing assistance wher- ever required.
A somewhat similar tale might be told regarding some of the visi- tors who needed our help and sought it. Quite beyond the scope of
94 Gettysburg Reunion.
figures lies the service rendered by our Relief Stations in affording a place to rest where a drink of water or a cup of beef tea aided recovery from fatigue not yet marked enough to require strictly medical care. Hundreds upon hundreds were helped in this way and the good thus done no human recorder can tell.
After all, the fundamental work of the Department at Gettys- burg was preventive and protective and it is perhaps worth while to urge once more the importance of this sanitary work, a matter which also is difficult of calculation. We cleaned up the town and we kept it clean during the entire period of the celebration. Some months have passed and as yet no evidence has appeared to show that the health of the Borough and its immediate vicinity has been affected unfavorably by the presence of the great crowds which gathered there on each day of this memorable celebration. To have rendered this service to the community and the State in addition to caring for such cases of sickness or accident as came within the range of our action is a matter of pride to the Department and of grateful acknowledgment of the opportunity afforded us by your honorable Commission.
Respectfully submitted ,
SAMUEL G. DIXON, Commissioner of Health.
The Great Tent this Commission had provided in which the Commission's services and Kegimental and other Reunions were to be held, having been completed with its thirteen thou- sand chairs, its lights, decorations, speakers' stand, et cetera, and all in readiness several days ahead of time, the curtains sub-dividing same were put in place, so that numerous Re- unions were held there throughout the morning hours of Tuesday, July 1st, but at one o'clock these curtains were all removed, and promptly at two o'clock the great gathering of Veterans, both Blue and Gray, was called to order by this Commission's Chairman, Col. J. M. Schoonmaker, and the fol- lowing program proceeded with, in the order named: —
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Gettysburg Reunion. 95
FIRST DAY
Tuesday, July 1st, 1913
Veterans' Day
2:00 to 4: P. M.
Chairman of Pennsylvania Commission, Colonel J. M. Schoonmaker, presiding.
1. Music.
2. Meeting called to order by Colonel J. M. Sclioonmaker,
presiding officer.
3. Opening Prayer by Rev. Dr. George E. Lovejoy, Chap- lain-in-Chief, Grand Army of the Republic.
4. Address of Welcome by Hon. Lindley M. Garrison, Secre-
tary of War.
5. Address of Welcome by His Excellency, John K. Tener,
Governor of Pennsylvania.
6. Music.
7. Address by Alfred B. Beers, Commander-in-Chief, Grand
Army of the Republic.
8. Address by Bennett H. Young, Commander-in-Chief,
United Confederate Veterans.
9. Closing Prayer by Rev. Dr. H. M. Hamill, Chaplain-in-
Chief, United Confederate Veterans.
Chairman Schoonmaker, in his introductory remarks, said:
"Comrades of the Blue; Comrades of the Gray; Your Excellency, Governor Tener; our honored guest. Secretary of "War Garrison; Ladies and Gentlemen:
The honor falls to me, as chairman of the Pennsylvania State Commission, of presiding at the opening exercises of a celebration unparalleled in the history of the world; an occasion on which the survivors of two mighty armies, locked in deadly conflict for three consecutive days, fought a battle in which the mortality was greater than in any other recorded in history, before or since that memor- able event, fighting for a principle as GOD gave them to see the right, are now, fifty years after, assembled on this historic field over which they struggled, in closest friendly relationship, citizens of one country, with one flag, made a hundred fold stronger and more enduring by their mighty deeds on this and a hundred other battlefields.
It matters little to you or to me now, my Comrades, what the causes were that provoked the War of the States in the Sixties, but it matters, oh, so much, to us, that our heads were covered in the day of battle, that we were spared through sickness, privation,"
96 Getty sturg Reunion.
"hunger, imprisonment, and the many ills that follow in the wake of war, to assemble here in sight of yonder beautiful cemetery where peacefully sleep thousands of our beloved Comrades who fell on this memorable battlefield, while we are permitted to join in this glorious Reunion; that our lives, my comrades, were mercifully spared to see the son of the old soldier of the North stand shoulder to shoulder with the son of the old soldier of the South, and under the leadership of the Generals of the South and the North, sweep San Juan Hill, sink the Spanish fleets in Santiago and Manila Bays, and thundering at the gates of Pekin, establish our country a power second to none on earth.
It is eminently fitting, therefore, that with hearts teeming full of gratitude to ALMIGHTY GOD for His goodness and mercy to us, that we should look to Him for blessing and protecting care over us during these intensely interesting exercises. Chaplain-in-Chief Love- joy, of the Grand Army of the Republic, who, as a private in the Twenty-second Massachusetts Infantry, fought all through the Battle of Gettysburg, will now invoke the Divine blassing."
Opening Prayer by Chaplain-in-Chief Lovejoy: —
- "O LORD, thou art our God, and we would bless Thee; Thou hast been our fathers' GOD, and we would exalt Thee.
Devoutly and with deepest gratitude we recognize Thy guiding hand that hath led us through the perils of the past, and the changes of half a century to this day and this historic spot. We may well put off our shoes from our feet for the place whereon we stand is holy ground. Holy indeed, because of precious blood shed upon these hill slopes and in these vales.
We are brought to an hour in which prophecy pointed in the years agone; for we realize today the fulfillment of that prediction that "the mystic chords of memory stretching from every battle field and patriot's grave to every loving heart and hearthstone over this broad land, will yet swell the chorus of the Union, touched as they surely will be by the better angels of our nature." And these "bet- ter angels" are causing us today, as never before, to re-echo the notes of that song that resounded over the Judean Hills: "Peace on earth, good will to men." It is by this bond of peace we are united as here we assemble in this jubilee year. It is in this union of a national brotherhood we come together in these exercises of com- memoration.
All that has been painful in our past we would forget in our holier, happier impulses of the present; in our loftier ideals and purposes for the future. We humbly implore Thee that this tie that binds us together as a great and free people may be strengthened by this our assembling. Our supreme desire is that the priceless blessings bequeathed by our fathers, and preserved by the counsels of the wise, the sacrifices of the generous, the blood of the heroic, may be transmitted, increased and improved to the generations that will follow us unto Time's latest hour."
Gettysburg Reunion. 97
"Mute, but expressive memorials are appealing to us at every angle as we turn. Their message is the old time word of the Master of men: — "Other men labored and ye are entered into their labors." Therefore, cause we beseech Thee, the mantle of our brothers who are sleeping their last sleep here and elsewhere, to rest upon us. Aid us by Thy Spirit, 0 GOD, so to train our souls by the princi- ples and virtues which dwelt in their breasts, that as we live, year by year, we may find our fellow-countrymen becoming dearer to us, our duties more sacred, our country richer in heaven's choicest bene- dictions, and the reward of the faithful awaiting us when our life is o'er.
Tenderly remember the vast multitude of the sorrowful and lonely, the bereft and helpless, who through these receding years have missed "the touch of a vanished hand and the sound of a voice that is still." Send unto them Divine comforts, and the sympathy of hearts that will reflect Thine own undying love.
Smile Thou, we pray Thee, upon the leaders and rulers of our Nation, and cause them to be animated by noble motives alone, and to conserve the welfare and highest interest of those who have exalted them.
Bring in, we entreat Thee, the glorious time foretold in Thy Word, when the institutions of society and the souls of men every- where may be so controlled by justice, truth and love, that as Thy Spirit touches them the whole pulsation of the great heart of human- ity shall be music sweet enough for the angels to hear and repeat.
And 0 Holy FATHER, through Thy wisdom and Thy might, speed we beseech Thee, the time when throughout the vast con- vexity of our globe what we illustrate here may become universal — all strife and discord shall pass away, and the long embattled na- tions shall lie down in peace together, and a little child shall lead them — even the CHILD born in Bethlehem's manger, whose benign voice shall be heard to earth's remotest bounds, harmonizing and unifying all the brotherhood of man under the sceptre of Divine love, through JESUS CHRIST, the Prince of Peace, who goeth forth conquering and to conquer; unto Whom, with Thee, and the Infinite Spirit, shall be rendered praise eternal. Amen."
The Chairman then in presenting Hon. Lindley M. Garri- son, the Secretary of AVar, said : —
"When the proposition was first advanced, my comrades, of hold- ing our Reunion on this historic spot, it was well understood that this was possible only with the approval of the Gettysburg National Park Commission and consent of the War Department having the Government property in charge. The Commission heartily con- curred in the suggestion, and became one of the earnest advocates of our Reunion. With its assistance, not only was the approval of the War Department obtained, but the ablest of its staff officers. Majors Normoyle and Grove and Captain Dal ton, detailed to direct the ex-"
98 Gettysburg Reunion.
"penditures of the Government and State funds appropriated to build our tented city and provide meals for our guests, and who in every- way aided the State and General Commissions having the work of preparation in charge.
When the recent change in the administration of affairs in the War Department was made, we were concerned lest a different policy would follow, but with a quick conception of the situation, its in- coming Secretary added new life and encouragement to all engaged in our big preliminary work by his prompt response to all requests made by his subordinates, for which I now beg to personally thank him, and have no greater pleasure than in presenting to you our new War Minister, who will welcome you on behalf of our Nation, the Honorable Lindley M. Garrison."
The Secretary of War said: —
"In the name of the Nation I bid you welcome. In the name of a whole people of a united country, I bid you twice welcome. In the name of its people who recognize the high import of this fraternal gathering, you are thrice welcome.
Once again is Gettysburg the center of the world's attention. Once again does this field tremble under the tread of a mighty host — not now in fear, however, but in joy. The field of enmity has become the field of amity. You have trodden under your feet the bitter weeds of hate and anger, and in their places have sprung up the pure flowers of friendship and love.
Gettysburg seems destined to be the stage upon which shall be im- folded the scenes of a great historic drama. Within the short span of fifty years, its gentle slopes and placid plains have witnessed three scenes of great historic import, running the whole gamut of man's three-fold nature. Each scene has been unique and typical of its kind; first, the battle, with its almost unexampled display of the physical powers of man; then the great heart and mind of Abraham Lincoln, bodied forth in his wonderful address delivered here; and last, this assemblage, the deep spiritual significance of which can scarcely be exaggerated. So we have body, mind and spirit, each displaying its distinctive characteristics to their fullest extent upon this small stage of the world's great theatre.
Fifty years ago today, there began here one of those conflicts be- tween man and man, marked by such exhibitions of valor, courage and almost superhuman endurance as to engrave itself upon the tablet of history, there to remain ever memorable. Equal met equal; and in the domain of physical prowess all were worthy of medals of honor. The superiority was that of resources, not of individual strength or courage. So long as men love valor land worship heroes, the name of Gettysburg, and of those who fought there, will be ever on their lips.
Four months afterwards, the field of Gettysburg inspired in the great mind and heart of Abraham Lincoln the most wonderful prose poem ever written. Its music literally rang around the world and"
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Gettysburg Reunion. 99
"sang in the hearts of men, and will continue to sing in the blood of the sons of men until Time itself shall be no more.
And last, but by no means least, this gathering here upon the field of Gettysburg today. Thousands and tens of thousands of former foes are here gathered together in brotherly union. You who first met upon this field to vie with each other in doing hurt the one to the other, now meet here to outvie each other in deeds of kindness and friendship and love. History holds no parallel. This meeting is the final demonstration that the last embers of the former time have been stamped out; and the great conflagration, which it was feared would consume our country, merely served to weld the dif- ferent parts of it so firmly together and into such a perfect whole, that no power can ever break it. The Civil War was a battle for ideals; and if our beloved country could withstand a war waged for ideals, one waged for any lower, baser purpose can never over- throw it.
Time has enabled us to attain a truer perspective than was pos- sible while nearness to the confiict obscured the fact. Looking back with an unbiased eye, we can see the truth; we can see that in the very nature of things some such confiict was necessary to settle great questions for which there was no peaceful tribunal; we can see that the War of '61 was fought by men upon each side for the right as each saw it; we can acclaim, without abandoning any view which we may hold, that the men on each side were actuated by high, pure purposes, and were compelled by their consciences to do that which they did. Before the War we were a loosely connected band of communities; we emerged from it a firmly welded together Nation.
We must recall that the settlers of our country came from all parts of the world, actuated by no common impulse, and associated for no common purpose; that the Constitution was without a model, and at the inception it loosely bound together thirteen Commonwealths that had little in common excepting the necessity of combination against an outer enemy. Each state or community, almost of neces- sity, became self-centered; and the communication and commerce in those days were so slight that there was little inter-communion of any sort between the peoples of the different sections of the land.
At the time of the Civil War this great wonderful experiment in self-governmnt was only 72 years old, and up to that time each community had busied itself with great energy to develop its own resources and increase its own strength and means. So busy was each community in those pioneering days, that whatever the in- clination might have been, there was but little time or opportunity for mutual consultation and effort.
And then the time for the inevitable arrived. Those who honestly believed that the United States was a voluntary association of inde- pendent sovereign states, met in irrepressible conflict those who hon- estly believed that the United States was an indissoluable union of otherwise independent states. Each side, with all the earnestness of those whose hearts, minds and consciences are committed to an"
100 Gettysburg Reunion.
"ideal, sought to mold the Government to their respective views. There was no earthly tribunal before which this great issue could be tried and determined. The arbitrament of arms alone remained.
The war that followed had no element of wantonness, or aggrandize- ment, or lust of gain; and no men of purer spirit ever lived than those who waged it upon the respective sides. It found the states, in its beginning, like a loosely tied together bundle of faggots; and at its end, and when the wounds of it had healed, it left a great sturdy oak as the central body of our union, with strong, sturdy branches of intense vitality firmly attached to it. Hence, whatever one's views may have been upon the righteousness of the issue, wholesome respect to those of each side must be rendered. Such a gathering as this we have witnessed today would not other- wise have been possible.
It is through pain that we attain anything of value; it was through pain that this Nation found itself; and, upon the great foundation thus secured and established, proceeded to advance with giant strides to the forefront of the Nations of the earth. The birth of the in- dividual is achieved with the pain of the mother; all our lives long, in every field of human activity, whatever advance we make is by laborious, painful process; and so it is with all the peoples gath- ered together into nations and striving for the highest and best manifestations of themselves as such. In the long, hard courses of the school of experience, nothing is gained excepting at the ex- penditure of painful effort.
Can we not today penetrated as we are by the deep spiritual mean- ing of this impressive gathering, surely say that it was worth it all; that these silent martyrs lying forever enshrined upon this field, did not die in vain; that you who at the front bore the storm and stress of that great conflict, and those who waited in trembling and anxiety at home and bore the woe and agony of suspense and uncertainty, did not suffer in vain? Can we not truly say that until this people had withstood some such stress as this, there was no assurance that this first great experiment of the ability of men to govern them- selves was surely successful? Shrink from the facts as we may, do they not prove their case? Would we within, or those who stood doubting without, ever have felt the assurance which is now felt? Do we not now know that those whom the God of Nations hath joined together, no man can put asunder?
Apart from the deep significance which your meeting has, and from the important page which it will fill in history, is it not good for you as individuals to be here today? Your last memories of this field will overlay the earlier ones. It will no longer picture itself in your memories as a field of carnage and suffering and woe, but a field of smiling faces and happy hearts and great joys. And so the picture will go forth to the Nation, and it will rejoice with you, and the whole world will realize that not only has the government of the people, by the people, and for the people not perished from the earth, but that it will not ever perish."
Gettysburg Reunion. 101
The Chairman in presenting His Excellency, John K. Tener, the Governor of Pennsylvania, to extend the welcome of Penn- sylvania to her Veteran Guests there assembled, said: —
"The Pennsylvania State Commission was indeed fortunate in hav- ing as its directing spirit our host on this occasion. From the hour on which he buckled on his armor as Chief Magistrate of the great Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, at a time when the work of the Commission, because of its magniture, seemed beyond the limit of human agency to successfully combat, until the moment of tri- umph in its completed task, his one endeavor was to aid in every way in his power.
His counselling was invaluable — his words of encouragement gave new heart to the workers — his appeal to the Legislative body of his State, that everything possible be done for the comfort, safety and happiness of the old veterans while our guests — that the amount of funds necessary to secure same was not to be considered, as noth- ing was too good for the old veterans, whose big body is not large enough to hold within itself his bigger heart, overflowing with con- sideration for his fellowman — the one man more beloved in the great Commonwealth over which he presides than any other within its bor- ders. I now propose a standing vote of welcome to our host, the Honorable John K. Tener, Governor of Pennsylvania."
His Excellency, Governor Tener, said:
"Mr. Chairman, Veterans, Ladies and Gentlemen: —
As Governor of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and speaking for her people, I extend a welcome to the soldiers and sailors, both the Blue and Gray survivors of the great hosts of brave men who, fifty years ago, wrote upon the pages of the world's martial history the enduring fame and glory of the American soldier.
We gather today on the greatest battlefield of the Civil War and of the World; not to commemorate a victory, but rather to emphasize the spirit of national brotherhood and national unity, which, in the years since the close of that War, has enabled this Republic to move forward and upward, until today she leads the nations of the earth in all that makes for the advancement and unlift of the human race.
We meet on this occasion to participate in a ceremony that stands unmatched in all recorded time; for nowhere in history have men who opposed each other in mighty battle thus come together in peaceful reunion fifty years thereafter, all content with the result of the struggle and grateful that in defeat or victory, there was left no stain upon American manhood, and no question as to the bravery or devotion to duty of the American soldier.
Today, soldiers of both armies gather as American citizens; Union soldiers in some instances journeying from southern states, and Con- federate soldiers in some instances from northern states. They come"
102 Gettysburg Reunion.
"from homes North and South, from homes where they have reared a common progeny, and where through the influence of the fireside, the school and church, they have helped to knit together all sections of our country in fraternal comradeship and perfect unity.
After the lapse of half a century, the wounds are healed; and true, "no wound did ever heal but by degrees." The bitterness is gone, past differences are settled, and hand in hand, the foes of other days stroll in soldierly companionship through the vales and over the hills of this great battlefield, and as they wander far and near, no hostile gun will break the summer stillness of the peaceful scene.
The great heart of the whole people of Pennsylvania goes out to you as honored guests of the Nation and State. Our sincerest desire is for your greatest enjoyment while here, and our fondest wish is that when you return to your homes, you may recall, in most pleas- ing memory, the scenes and incidents of this day and time when heroes in Blue and heroes in Gray joined hearts and hands, guaran- teeing for all time the protection of our Country's Flag and the preservation of the Nation's institutions."
The Chairman in introducing the Commander-in-Chief of the Grand Army of the Republic, Alfred B. Beers, said : —
"Comrades: — When the Grand Army of the Republic at its Annual Encampment last year at Los Angeles, California, honored itself by unanimously electing its Commander-in-Chief for the following year, it builded better than it knew in the selection of one whose army record is without blemish, and whose whole lifetime has been a devotion to the welfare of his fellow-comrades, who, like himself, have been spared to participate in this Grand Reunion.
It is with great pleasure that I now present to you the Honorable Alfred B. Beers, Commander-in-Chief of the Grand Army of the Republic."
Before entering upon his address Commander-in-Chief Beers called on every person present who ''loved the Union and its Flag" to rise and give three cheers in honor of Gov- ernor Tener and the State of Pennsylvania, who had made the celebration possible. Every person in the audience, the Blue, the Gray, and the citizens alike, responded, and the cheers were enthusiastic and long continued.
The Commander-in-Chief then spoke as follows : —
"Mr. Chairman and Veterans — ^Largely through the liberality and generous munificense of the great Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, we meet on the field where fifty years ago today one of the greatest conflicts of modern ages was waged between two great armed bodies of men, whose common ancestors nearly one hundred years before had wrested independence from their ruler, domiciled in a foreign land,"
GENERAL OFFICERS, GRAND ARMY OF THE REPUBLIC.
(1) ALFRED B. BEERS, BRIDGEPORT, CONNECTICUT, COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF AND SPEAKER," VETERANS' DAY, JULY 1ST. 1913. (2) AMERICUS WHEEDON, WASHINGTON,' D. C.,' JUNIOR VlC E-C O M M A N D E R-1 N-C H 1 E F. (3) COLA D. R. STOWITS, BUFFALO, NEW YORK, QUARTERMASTER GENERAL. Wl WM. H. ARMSTRONG, INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA, PAST SENIOR V I C E- C O M M A N D E R-l N- ■CHIEF. (5) REV. GEORGE E. LOVEJOY, LAWRENCE, MASS.. CHAPLAIN-IN-CHIEF.
GENERAL OFFICERS. UNITED CONFEDERATE VETERANS
(1) GEN. BENNETT H. YOUNG, LOUISVILLE, KENTUCKY, LIEUT. GEN.. COM- MANDING UNITED CONFEDERATE VETERANS AND SPEAKER, VETERANS' DAY, JULY 1ST, 1 913. (2) COL. W. B. WOODY, ROCKDALE, TEXAS. i3iCAPT. JOHN H. LEATHERS, LOUISVILLE, KENTUCKY. (4i COL. LEMUEL M. PARK.
Gettysburg Reunion. 103
and who, when victory crowned their efforts, formed a great Republic, based on religious and political freedom and the right of our people to self-government.
For nearly a century these builders of a Nation, who won our liberties, and their children and their children's children lived in peace and unity. Then came the clash of arms between two sections of these people of the same race and nation, and recourse was taken to the arbitrament of war, to determine whether the Union formed by their forefathers should be severed or should endure. This con- flict, waged by men of the same race, of the same bravery and en- durance, was a long and sanguinary one, extending over a period of more than four years, during which the conflict raged over thou- sands of miles of territory, costing the lives of hundreds of thou- sands of the bravest men upon whom the sun ever shone; costing billions in treasure; leaving in its wake maimed men, bereaved par- ents, widowed wives, orphaned children, desolated homes, and all the horrors which follow in the path of cruel, bloody and relentless war. The end came at last and peace was restored to our land, and a great Nation gave thanksgiving that war no longer devastated its domain. Nearly fifty years have elapsed since the close of that struggle, and Time, the beneficent healer, and restorer, has removed the scars of fraternal strife. The Nation lives in peace and amity.
Half a century ago on this field was fought one of the greatest bat- tles of that struggle — a battle in which the two largest armies of the contestants were engaged; one which continued almost uninter- ruptedly for three days; one during which the men on both sides fought with that gallantry, bravery and persistency that ever char- acterize the American soldier; one in which the carnage exceeded that of any battle of modern time, and presaged the beginning of the end.
The survivors of those great armies meet today, not with arms in hand as in those days now so happily passed, but as citizens of a united country, which has risen triumphant from the desolation of war, and within whose borders no alarms of war or sounds of dis- cord arise.
The greater part of the veterans who served in the field in the armed forces during that war on either side cherished no personal animosity towards each other. Each did his duties as he saw it, and the rigors and asperities of war were lightened by each true soldier as the circumstances would permit, and the instances of helpful kindness, of mercy and even of affection of the officers and men on both sides are many and marked, and redound to the honor and credit of those engaged in that mighty conflict.
The wounds of war are healed. Peace and prosperity reign in the land, and those who were once in arms against each other have spent the more mature years of their lives in advancing the interests of our common country, and in a later war, those who wore the Blue and those who wore the Gray in the stirring times of old, together with their sons, coming from both North and South, have evidenced their"
104 Gettysburg Reunion.
"attachment and devotion to our common country by serving under the Old Flag, and imperilling their lives in defense of the honor of our land.
Since the close of the great struggle our brothers of the Southland have shown their faith in the Republic and their zeal and earnestness as ^citizens of our great land by their active and energetic work in the arts of peace. They have redeemed their lands from the desolu- tion of war, and the development of their natural resources under their active and persistent labors; the wonderful increase in their manufacturing enterprises, in agriculture, in educational advantages for all their people, and in the broad field of industrial achievement, for which their resources so eminently qualify them, have placed them in the forefront of the march of progress in our land, and have won for them the plaudits of an admiring Nation.
At no time in the history of the world has ever been witnessed a spectacle such as this, the voluntary meeting on a battlefield of those who constituted the armed forces who fought against each other — a meeting in which all are citizens of the same country, all imbued with the same spirit, all working for the honor and glory of their land, all meeting as brothers under the Flag of our Republic to visit the scene of their former conflicts, to recall the valorous deeds which will go down the aisles of time as the most heroic of ancient or mod- ern warfare, to meet those who were once their antagonists, and to bind anew in the bonds of amity and friendship all the veterans of the land, and, we trust, to inaugurate a movement for the laying of the cornerstone of a monument that shall symbolize that great peace which shall bind our people closer together and make our Nation stronger, greater and more enduring than ever before.
The veterans of the North salute the veterans of the South with a feeling of joy in their hearts that the conflict is over, and that they can meet and greet each other as brothers. We are all brothers of the blood, and, although Time has touched us each with his relentless hand, may we ever echo this sentiment from our hearts: —
"Bound are we by this the dearest.
Brothers evermore to be; And if spared and growing older, Shoulder still in line with shoulder. But with hearts no thrill the colder.
Brothers ever we shall be."
Let then, those who wore the Blue and those who wore the Gray, alike devote every effort to swell the chorus of peace and good will, so that its mystic strains shall reach every heart and home in our land, and its force and power be felt to the glory of God, the ele- vation of our Nation and the advancement of mankind."
The Chairman in introducing the Lieutenant General Com- manding the United Confederate Veterans, Bennett H. Young, said : —
The Lieut. (;e.neral Commanding the United Confedeeate Veterans, Bennett H. Young-
Special Guests of Pennsylvania.
Left— James Longstreet Welchel. Right— George Edward Pickett.
Qettyshurg Reunion. 105
"It is no empty compliment to be selected to succeed such superb soldiers as Lee, Gordon and others, as Commander-in-Chief of the United Confederate Veterans, and when that grand organization placed at its head a soldier first, and citizen afterwards, whose record in war and in peace is one he may well be proud of, it hon- ored itself far more than the man — ^one whom I am proud to call my friend and comrade, and I now take special pleasure in presenting to you Bennett H. Young, the Lieutenant General Commlanding the United Confederate Veterans."
Commandei'-in-Cliief Young then said : "Comrades, I can give you something that no one else in the world can give you, and, in recognition of the splendid hospitality of this great Com- monwealth, extended from the Governor, we propose to give him the Rebel Yell." (Whereupon every Southerner in the audi- ence responded, and the Great Tent resounded with the fami- liar yell).
The Commander-in-Chief then proceeded with his address :^ —
"I am more than half a thousand miles from my home, but all the same I am at home. In this land everywhere is my home. This country of ours, this glorious America, belongs to us all, whether we be men of the North or men of the South, whether in the great war we followed the Confederate red and white or the Union red, white and blue.
The scenes at Gettysburg today furnish the completest evidence of the greatness as well as of the perpetuity of the American Republic. No man who loves his country can fail to read in the circumstances surrounding this celebration the stimulating and uplifting power of a people's government.
Turning our vision backward half a century, we behold on this spot one of the most sanguinary battles of the ages. We can see the hosts marshaled under the 'Stars and Bars' and under the 'Stars and Stripes.' We can again hear the rattle of musketry, the booming of cannon, the bursting of shells, the shouts of charging legions; and we can see the hills and slopes and valleys about Gettysburg stained with the blood of gallant men, and amidst the fields of growing grain, in the thickets on the hillside, and on the crests of those heights the dead bodies of thousands who were true to truth as they saw it. These dead gave their lives as a sacrifice for prin- ciples that appealed to them as the most important among really great political doctrines. Grim determination, undaunted courage, and noblest patriotic impulses filled the souls of the warring armies, who were aligned about this quiet and secluded village to try out the issues that the exigencies of war had imposed upon them and to meet the emergencies that conflict of opinion had forced them to ad- just by appeal to the court of last resort."
106 Gettysburg Reunion,
"The previous wars of the Republic had no history that could guide the participants in the mighty struggle that had come in their day. In the Revolutionary War, 3,000 dead and 4,500 wounded; in the War of 1812, 1,800 dead and 3,200 wounded; in the Mexican War, 1,400 dead and 2,500 wounded marked the casualties that followed conflict; while in this one battle 43,000 were vvounded or killed, and death with relentless and pitiless demand was exacting from these contending hosts this awful sacrifice. The terrors of this battle defy the brush of the artist or the words of oratory. Only those who participated in the struggle can conceive what horrors hovered about this spot, now forever historic in the world's annals. A few of the men who fought here fifty years ago are with us today. More than eight of every ten men on both sides are now sleeping the sleep of death. Some of the rifles that did execution then are here, but the men who bore the arms are well nigh all gone. Some of the cannon, that thundered then are here; but the cannoneers who loaded, trained, and fired them have, most of them, passed from human scenes and have gone to be with the immortals. Some of the ban- ners that on the days of the battle guided those who fought, now torn and tattered, are still held aloft. Hoary with age, riddled with? shot and shell, they come to us now crowned with sacred memories. With the steps of venerable warriors these same color bearers carry them in peace and wave them, not as of yore to lead men into the jaws of death, but to declare and proclaim a peace that in its bene- ficent power and in its political liberty challenges the admiration of the civilized world.
Then we looked on war with complacency. The lessons so greatly magnified in this valley and on these mountain tops on those bale- ful days will never be forgotten, though succeeding generations turn from its tragic and distressing scenes with horror.
Time is not only a great vindicator, but it is also a great paci- ficator. Those who fought then now meet as friends. They grasp each other's hands; they look kindly face to face. War's animosities are forgotten; the noise of battle is hushed. Peace waves its wand over these bloodstained hills and cries out to war: 'Be still.'
No other country has had such a marvelous experience. There are things in the past that are regrettable. Laws were enacted that challenged the equality of the men of the South; but, tried in the crucible of reason, liberty, and patriotism, they have all been re- pealed. Every State has equal rights, every man has equal privi- leges. The war has left no badge of inferiority, and the men who wore the Blue and followed the flag of the Union ask for and expect nothing that is not the right of the men who wore the Gray and followed the 'Stars and Bars.' The men who fought for the Govern- ment have pensions and right of residence in the National Soldiers' Homes, but beyond this they make no claims not allowed by the statutes of the Republic to those who contended with them in fiercely fought confiicts and withstood them to the last in more than two thousand battles."
Pickett's Veterans Pointing out Where They Charged Across the EiiMiTSBURG Road at the Codori House.
The Blue and Gray Side-by-Side on the "Stone Wall.
'Not so Deadly a Gamk Now
'Telling Just How It Happened," Etc., Etc.
Gettysburg Reunion. 107
"It may be that the suggestion lately put into form to give Con- federate soldiers the same privileges in National Soldiers' Homes as Federal soldiers may lead to the establishing of this right; or that peace, in its demand for the obliteration of all bitterness of the past, may say that the nation shall pension surviving Confederates. I do not suggest or in the name of my people say that it would be ac- cepted; but this Republic is a great destroyer of the cherished ideals of the past when they stand in the way of completest justice. For nearly fifty years the people of the South without complaint have contributed millions of dollars for the pensions of Federal soldiers. A nation's gratitude has been meted out through enormous grants to provide for the Federal soldiers and their wives and children. No murmur has ever come from the men of the Confederacy at this vast outlay, and there are optimists who predict that the hour may arrive in national life when the few and infirm remaining men who fought under the Confederate standards with admittedly unsurpassed courage should have in the evening time the comforts and conveni- ences that their intrepidity deserves through the nation's treasury.
William McKinley reached the sublimest heights of statesmanship when he allowed a little daughter of the South to pin a Confederate badge on his breast; and when, gifted as few men with the power of forecasting political events, he urged that the graves of the Confederates who had died in Northern prisons should have, at the cost of the nation's treasury, a stone to tell who they were, whence they came, and where they died. No greater triumph of generosity was ever witnessed than when the United States put up markers over the sepulchers of Southern soldiers and carved upon them those inspiring words, "Confederate Soldier," and thus declared to the world that the men who fought for the life of the Confederacy should have over their dust these magic words that touch the ten- derest sentiments of a Southern heart and proclaim highest distinc- tion amongst those who love them because they died for the South- land.
The splendor and importance of this occasion are immeasurably enhanced by the fact that no explanations are sought or expected. The men who come from the South come as Confederates. True, In a broader sense they are Americans; but for this particular occasion they are distinctly Confederates.
Governor Tener has given a magnificent exhibition of Pennsyl- vania's good will in his declaration as to how the Confederates who participate in this Reunion may come. He has eloquently and fit- tingly declared that the State of Pennsylvania never prescribes the dress of its guests or seeks to impose conditions as to how they shall conduct themselves while enjoying the hospitality of its people.
The patriotic plans and purposes of this occasion would have been greatly marred by any other course than that which Governor Tener has so promptly and so generously pursued. The men who were broad-minded and wise enough to inaugurate this memorial saw that it was impossible to make it really great or trnly helpful to the"
108 Gettysburg Reunion.
"spirit of peace if it did not bring a large number of Confederate sol- diers to unite in its ceremonies. This jubilee is not only a great les- son for Americans, but it is a great exhibition of the marvelous in- fluence of a republican form of government on the human mind and thought. It magnifies and glorifies in the highest degree the splen- did influence of a people's government.
If any Southern man who comes here clad in the gray uniform so dear to him and those of his blood believed he would be expected even in thought to question the memories connected with the heroic past, he would go out from these tents and quickly march away. The Confederate comes here with his heart still loyal to the South and to those who made the four years of the Confederate nation's life resplendent with heroism, glory, and noblest sacrifice.
What we ask for overselves we freely and cheerfully accord to the other side. You had great soldiers; you had hundreds of thou- thousands of men whose hearts were touched with the truest instincts of patriotism. Cherish the memories of your great leaders and captains — Grant, Sherman, Sheridan, Thomas, Meade, Han- cock, McPherson, Reynolds, and the thousands who with them either died or fought for what you and they esteemed the right. These are to you heroes. In your minds and hearts they arouse en- thusiasm, gratitude, admiration, and affection. Build them monu- ments wherever you will, laud their courage and their virtues as you may, write in unnumbered volumes the story of their achievements, and enshrine in your hearts the sacrifices of the millions who fought and thought as you fought and thought. We only claim the same right as to our dead comrades.
We think that Robert E. Lee was the noblest and grandest sol- dier and man combined that the world has ever produced. Stone- wall Jackson, the vigorous and skillful leader, who walked with God in prayer and. used his Divinely given genius for the defense of the rights and homes of his people, is to us the embodiment of all that was great and sublime in a Christian soldier's life. To our minds the world has not produced his equal. Albert Sidney Johnston, Jo- seph E. Johnston. Jeb Stuart, John H. Morgan, Joe Wheeler, Nathan Bedford Forrest, Wade Hampton, Hood, Longstreet, and hundreds of thousands of the men who carried the guns are heroes to us that the world can never match.
Of the 600,000 Southern soldiers, one in every eleven died on the battlefield under the Confederate flag. Of the 3,000,000 men who came, as they believed, to save the nation's life, 4.7 per cent, died under the Union flag. The issues that demanded these unparalleled sacrifices were settled in 1865. The men of the South yielded when a prolongation of the struggle meant anarchy, ruin, and a useless waste of life. When Robert E. Lee surrendered because he thought it his duty to surrender, the men of the South acquiesced in his judgment. We believe we failed, not because we were wrong, but because you men of the North had more soldiers, better food, longer and better guns, and more resources than the men of the South."
Gettysburg Reunion. 109
"The war could not have been avoided. No arbitration could settle the issues that reached a climax in 1860-61. It has been determined that the States are- one, that the Union is indissoluble. War settled that, and it is concluded forever.
But admit all this, my countrymen, and yet there is something greater in a country than its armies, more potent than its battling legions. The heart and conscience of the American people can put armies to flight, batter down forts, and sink warships. It can arise to the noblest conceptions of what is right, and against this conviction of 100,000,000 of freemen, armies are pigmies and bat- tleships little more than children's toys. The American people in the end will settle all questions right and eventually along lines that will promote the noblest ends of liberty and the highest claims of freedom.
It required long service and training and much desperate fighting and improved organization to bring both the Federal and Confederate armies up to the point where such a battle as that fought here could be maintained. Battles in which twenty-five per cent, of the troops engaged were either killed or wounded had been rare in the world's history. Up to the beginning of 1862 there were none of these even in the war of 1861-65; but by degrees fighting became more desperate, percentages of mortality higher, and the death rate greatly increased. It was the men of the "West who first, by their persistence and cour- age and indifference to death, notified the world of the stupendous mortality which might be expected in a struggle where men ot the same blood, volunteers of the same type, a large portion of whom were Anglo-Saxons, could and would do for the maintenance of what they deemed a principle.
The first really fierce fighting of the war was at Wilson Creek, Springfield, Mo., August 10, 1861. The losses on that field, at Bloody Hill, gave the first intimation to the world of what it might expect when Anglo-Saxon should meet Anglo-Saxon in conflict. In that engagement the flght was described by one who had seen some- thing of the fighting as "inconceivably fierce." General Lyon, the Federal commander, risked all in that battle and lost his life, but he gave the men who fought and believed with him an inspiration. For five hours the confiict at Bloody Hill was maintained, and the dead were not scattered but piled around the gory eminence. General Weigh tman, on the Confederate side, died thanking God that vic- tory had been won. General Lyon, on the Federal side, went down in the fight without a word passing his pale, clenched lips. His body was left with his enemies, but his courage greatly inspired those with whom he had cast his lot.
The next of the confiicts which was to characterize the war was at Shiloh. Albert Sidney Johnston, in the West, believed by many at that time to be the greatest living soldier on either side, moved to the highest degree of activity by misfortunes that had befallen him at Fishing Creek, Donelson, and other points, undertook to crush the Federal advance under General Grant. Wise in conception and"
110 Gettysburg Reunion.
"vigorous in execution, with heroic courage, on April 6, 1862, at the head of his troops, he appeared on the field of Shiloh. From day- break until 2 p. m. the battle raged fiercely, and then happened one of those mysterious providences which seemed to be forever hedg- ing the Confederate pathway to success. General Johnston, after having practically won the battle of Shiloh, was mortally wounded, and the command at this crucial hOur devolved upon another who did not have the situation well enough in hand to grasp the victory which was at that moment possible. In this confiict 26,000 dead and wounded told the story of the dest)erate courage which marked both Federal and Southern soldiers.
Up to this time the Army of Northern Virginia had fought no really great battle. Big Bethel was a skirmish. In the spring of 1862 the relative position of the Army of Northern Virginia was practically the same as in the autumn of 1861.
When the storms of battle were raging at Gettysburg, there was conflict at Vicksburg and farther west on the plains of Louisiana and Arkansas, and amid the fields, the hills, and mountains of Mis- souri; so that in the fall of 1862 and in the early summer of 1863 each side seemed conscious of transcendent power and of invincible courage.
In March, 1862, McClellan called his Commanders together, and they decided that the wisest thing to do was to move 120,000 men down to Fortress Monroe, and from there reach Richmond by the peninsula between the James and York Rivers. Two hundred thou- sand, men under McClelland were soon to clash with 75,000 under Lee.
At this time the Confederates had reached their highest and best organization; and this is also true of the Army of the Potomac. Reorganizing and concentrating all possible forces, with the help of a couple of Divisions from Virginia, the men of the West were to fight a few weeks later the battle of Chickamauga, second to none in its sanguinary losses, and anew declaring to the world the unfaltering determination of both sides to fight it out to the bitter end, whatever the consequences might be.
These two battles — Gettysburg in the east and Chickamauga in the west — left the outcome full of doubt and uncertainty. True, the consequences resulting from both battles were to have tremendous potency in determining the final results of the war; but even after these contests there were yet battles to be fought that would aston- ish the world with the courage, constancy, and persistence of the men who were contending in this great confiict.
The remarkable march from Dalton to Atlanta, covering eighty days, in which Joseph E. Johnston was able to inflict, as he claimed, a loss of 60,000 killed and wounded upon his opponents; while Gen- eral Lee, at the Second Manassas, Spottsylvania, and Cold Harbor, was to destroy 80,000 of the men who were endeavoring to capture the capital of the Confederacy. All this demonstrated that there was no lessening of the vigor of the men on either side; that it was"
i^t^rmmi^i^m.
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^^^j tu me nignest plane of patriotism.
It was my privilege to make one of tlie first speeches delivered over Confederate graves north of the Ohio River. There were 2,060 Confederates who died while prisoners at Camp Chase, Columbus, Ohio. Within a few acres the bodies of these had been interred in graves then unmarked. Five thousand people came to witness these"
Gettysburg Reunion. Ill
"no longer a question of courage, no longer a question of whether the soldiers on one side or the other would fight; but the real question was, how long could the Confederates hold out against the unfailing supplies of the Government, where neither money, men, nor sup- plies appeared to have a limit? The Confederates, with blockaded ports and with no manufactories except such as the emergencies and necessities of the hour could develop, were, year by year, month by month, fi-nding less to eat, less to wear, more difficulty in supplying powder and ball and the other necessary munitions of war.
It is not unreasonable nor unnatural for the war, with all its dreadful calamities, with the dreadful devastation, and with its un- paralleled death rate, to bring about something of resentment be- tween those who had engaged in a conflict of such magnitude and such fatality. It took twenty years for men to begin to reason. Fifty years is not a brief period in the life of this American Repub- lic. The last half century has witnessed advances that no prophetic ken could imagine, much less prophesy.
Here today Confederates appear in their uniforms with their war- torn banners, and the soldiers who wore the Blue are here with their uniforms; and the Flag of Our Country is floating over all, to declare that there is a complete and thorough and unqualified and unchangeable restoration of good faith and kindness. This occasion declares, when we come to consider our nation and future, that there is no North, no South, no East, no West, but simply a great Re- public which finds in the spirit of its people patriotic pride, un- changing loyalty, and unfailing devotion to the highest principles of human liberty. And behind all this is an intelligent and edu- cated population that will tolerate no injustice, submit to no im- pairment of any citizen's rights, but will ever demand that the highest good for all shall be the cardinal principle upon which the government rests.
In all the marvelous things occurring in the Republic there is nothing that is more wonderful than the scenes that here at Gettys- burg on this July 1, 1913, greet the eyes of the vast throngs that have come here to witness or take part in this celebration on the spot where in 1863, one of the most fiercely contested engagements of the great war took place.
If the indivisiblity of the Union had been the sole result of the war, this alone would not have compensated for the immeasurable sacrifices the conflict entailed. Guided and impelled by love of coun- try and educated by the lessons that inevitably were taught, the men on both sides who endured the privations and faced the dan- gers of the four years' struggle rose both consciously and uncon- sciously to the highest plane of patriotism.
It was my privilege to make one of the first speeches delivered over Confederate graves north of the Ohio River. There were 2,060 Confederates who died while prisoners at Camp Chase, Columbus, Ohio. Within a few acres the bodies of these had been interred in graves then unmarked. Five thousand people came to witness these"
112 Gettysburg Reunion.
"exercises and hear what a Southern soldier, himself once a prisoner in Camp Chase, would say on such an occasion. Hundreds of Union soldiers were there, led by a generous sympathy, combined with a justifiable curiosity, and in a great number of instances as bearers of flowers to lay on the mounds that covered these unknown dead. Only one grave was marked. From the others came no record of who there gave his life for the cause of the South.
A broad-minded Federal soldier, Col. W. H. Knauss, had inaugu- rated amongst the people of Columbus the custom of annually strew- ing flowers on the graves of these men who had died so far from their homes and kindred. More than 2,000 vacant chairs in sorrow- ing households scattered all over the South were the visions that stood before the mind when one arose to eulogize the courage and constancy of those who here found soldiers' graves in what was to them a foreign State. Facing the great audience, holding up a blood-stained gray jacket, tattered and torn, I repeated those words which always touch the Southern heart:
"Fold it up carefully, lay it aside; Tenderly look on it, touch it with pride;
For dear it must be to my heart evermore
t'he jacket of Gray our loved soldier boy wore."
Over the entrance to the cemetery a generous hand had written these thrilling words: 'These were all Americans.' Looking at the worn garment, then at the nameless mounds, and realizing the deso- lation and grief in the hearts and homes of those who had sent them to war, a vast majority of those present were moved to tears.
That was more than twenty years ago; but the impression made by those words,. 'These were all Americans,' has never been obliterated from my mind and heart. I understood how great the power and the strength of real brotherhood of American citizenship was, and to- day from the scenes and happenings round about me I catch higher visions and nobler perceptions of the wonderful idea, 'These were all Americans.'
"We are to-day commencing exercises which shall continue through four days. We have come, as we were asked by the great State of Pennsylvania, to be its guests. We have no demands to make. As the head of the United Confederate Veterans' Association, including in its membership practically all surviving Confederates, I bear to you sincerest greetings and kindliest salutations. Brave men can have no differences on this auspicious and suggestive occasion. We have in our hearts and minds, as the men of both sides, a common desire and purpose to make this anniversary one of the most historic and delightful that America or the world has ever witnessed.
Meeting as friends, fellow citizens, as representatives of our great Republic, in this assemblage we proclaim and bear witness to the splendor and grandeur of American ideals, hopes, and achievements. We point with immeasurable pride to the past. Whether on one side"
Gettysburg Reunion. 113
"or the other, it was a great past, a past that quickens the manliest emotions of brave and chivalrous men.
We men of the South have a past that is dearer to us than our very lives; but in our Country we have a future that fills every im- pulse of a patriot, and for which, if need be, we would stand as we stood in the awful days of 1861 to 1865 for the integrity and defense of our beloved Southland."
The audience was dismissed by the baud playing "America."
Following these services the curtains were again placed, and various Eeuuions were then held there up to 6 P. M. and at 8 P. M. there followed a concert by the band of the Eighth Regi- ment Infantry, N. G. P.
Early in the morning of July 2nd, it developed that a number of our veteran guests from not only Pennsylvania, but mostly from other States, some far, some near, had, from one cause or another, lost their return transportation from Gettysburg to their homes, and as in most instances, they were without funds sufficient to pay their own way home, and their States had made them no provisions to meet such a contingency, they all were greatly perturbed thereby. We immediately brought the matter to the attention of His Excellency, Governor Tener, re- sulting in the following direction issuing forthwith to the two railroad systems entering Gettysburg, The Philadelphia and Reading, and the Western Maryland:
"COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA, FIFTIETH ANNIVER- SARY OF THE BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG COMMISSION. Pennsylvania Commission Headquarters,
Pennsylvania College Campus, Gettysburg, Penna., July 2, 1913. Mr. J. M. Fitzgerald,
President Western Maryland R. R. Company, Gettysburg, Penna.
Mr. A. T. Dice,
Vice President & General Manager,
Philadelphia & Reading Railway Company, Gettysburg, Penna. Gentlemen: — In order to provide transportation to any veteran who has lost the return portion of his railroad ticket, the originial hav-"
114 Gettysburg Reunion.
"ing been issued him by his State, this Commission desires that on presentation to your company, or its immediate connection, of satisfac- tory credentials of identification, that you provide any such veteran with one-way transportation from Gettysburg, or from any interme- diate point within the State of Pennsylvania, back to starting point designated in his State's original transportation, at the lowest legal published fare in effect, taking a receipt for same, which will be recognized by this Commission as sufficient evidence, and on which the Commission will remit to the issuing carrier, on the basis of the published fare; such return transportation so issued to a Pennsylva- nia veteran in no instance to cover beyond the State border. By direction of the Governor,
Very truly yours,
(Signed) LEWIS E. BEITLER,
Secretary."
Those of our guests who were unfortunately so situated were thus immediately relieved, and departed for their homes only at their own pleasure, Pennsylvania so caring for one hundred and seventy-one (171), and adding to her payments to the sev- eral railroads accordingly, so that the amounts paid them for this and all other transportation finally totalled one hundred and forty-three thousand, four hundred thirty-two and sixty- two one hundredth dollars (|143,432.62).
Wednesday, July 2nd, in the forenoon tlie Great Tent was again used for Reunions, prominent, in the several then held, being that by the State of Indiana, — one Commemorative Ser- vice for all her veterans. Among the excellent addresses de- livered at that service were those of Dr. Nathaniel D. Cox, Chairman, Indiana's Gettysburg Reunion Commission, and of His Excellency, the Governor of Indiana, the Honorable Sam- uel M. Ralston.
Dr. Cox spoke as follows:
"Fifty years ago two great armies, the Army of the Potomac, and the Army of Northern Virginia, fought for three days on this battle- field. Here, on this soil, more lives were lost than in any other bat- tle of modern times. Here, a great people of the same blood and kindred, met each other in deadly conflict, all believing their cause was right and just, and were brave enough to fight and die for that cause. "
tern Point of the "Great Camp.'
Confederate Avenue.
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Gettysburg Reunion. 115
"The National Government and the several states, whose soldiers fought on this field, have adorned it with magnificent monuments, statues, memorials, tablets, observatories and driveways; so it is the most beautiful battlefield park in the world.
For four years the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, on whose soil this battle was fought, through her governors, legislators and citi- zens, has been making arrangements and perfecting plans to hold a National Celebration at the Fiftieth Anniversary, by inviting all the surviving soldiers who fought on this field (Federal and Confederate) , as well as all surviving soldiers of the Civil War, of all the States and Territories, to be her guests and celebrate a peace jubilee — ^the whole Nation rejoicing together, that we are a united, happy and prosper- ous people, and to lay the foundation for a Peace Monument on this historic field.
Pennsylvania has appropriated almost a half million dollars for this great occasion, and the National Government, through the Congress, one hundred and fifty thousand dollars to establish a great camp for the care and comfort of the veterans while here.
Indiana gladly accepted Pennsylvania's invitation to join in this National gathering for peace and good will, and the Legislature of our great State appropriated twenty thousand dollars to transport, free of all charge, the surviving soldiers, both Blue and Gray, resi- dents of Indiana, who fought on this field. The Gettysburg Commis- sion and soldiers of Indiana, in this public manner, desire to ex- press to our Governor, officers and members of the Legislature, as well as to citizens of this State, our gratitude for having thus made it possible for the survivors of this battle to again assemble together, not for war, but for peace. We rejoice that we are now one people, united under one flag — the flag of our whole country — and that we have already beaten our swords into plow-shares, and our spears into pruning hooks, and that as long as time shall last, we shall learn war no more.
Comrades and friends, these splendid statues of marble and granite and bronze shall finally crumble to dust, and in the ages to come, will perhaps he forgotten, but the spirit that has called this great as- sembly of our people together, on this field, shall live for ever. It is a celebration of the song that was sung two thousand years ago: 'Peace on Earth, Good Will to Men.' There is no record in all his- tory, where half a century afterwards, the survivors of opposing armies met on the same field in friendship, affection and brotherly love, re- joicing with each other, that peace has already come to our beloved land. That great patriot who loved his country and his fellowman, who stood on these hills a half century ago, and dedicated this hal- lowed ground in simple language that will live forever, had a vision of this scene, when he uttered these prophetic words, 'This nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom, and that government of the people, by the people, and for the people, shall not perish from the earth.' "
8
116 Gettysburg Reunion.
Governor Ralston spoke, in part, as follows:
"Fellow Citizens:— The exiled Hebrew afforded the world an inspir- ing lesson in patriotism, when from the depths of his soul he cried aloud, 'Upon the ruins of Babylon we sat and wept, when we re- membered Zion. If I forget thee, 0 Jerusalem, let my right hand forget her cunning. Let my tongue cleave to the roof of my mouth, if I do not remember thee. If I do not make Jerusalem the beginning of my joy.'
Lacking in patriotism, indeed, is he who, standing on this his- toric spot, where American heroism engaged in a deadly conflict with itself, does not cry unto the Infinite, tliat the American Republic, made indissoluble by American blood, shall be the beginning of his joy, the renewing of his faith, and the strengthening of his devotion.
This event, my countrymen, is unique in the annals of time. Noth- ing comparable to it has preceded it in all the ages, and Indiana, therefore, makes public expression of her appreciation of the efforts made and the burdens assumed by those who have given so freely of their time and money to make possible this Reunion of the Blue and the Gray. The Federal Government has recognized the importance of this occasion, and Indiana endorses the steps it has taken to make this meeting a success. The battle fought here — the bloodiest three days' contest in all warfare — has made Pennsylvania celebrated as the scene of matchless bravery, and coupled her name with centuries to come. All honor to the Keystone State for her great contribution of money and moral purpose to defray the expenses of this meeting, and the conspicuous part she has played in making this event the symbol of the Republic's desire for peace universal.
But Pennsylvania does not, Pennsylvania never will, regret her con- tribution for the success of this Reunion. If it were possible to shift to another State the place of the battle here fought between the sons of the North, and the sons of the South, the wealth of the world would not tempt Pennsylvania to surrender the site, to give up the historic interest and to forget the impressive lesson and the sad, sweet memories that cling about the Battle of Gettysburg. There are some things yet in this old world, thank God, whose value cannot be meas- ured by the dollar sign. * * * *
In a crisis that tries men's souls, comparisons are always odious. Indiana rejoices in the ability, the valor, and the patriotism dis- played by her sons who fought their brothers on this field of carnage, and she is not here as a participant in this brotherly greeting to add glory to their fame, by withholding a just meed of praise from the sol- diers of other States who fought on either side of the tremendous is- sue. But rather is ^he here to join in swelling the chorus of glad ac- claim in recognition of the absence of sectional hatred, and the pres- ence of peace, prosperity and patriotism among all the people of the Union.
After contemplating the hills, the mountains, and the surroundings of the battle of Gettysburg, one who wore the Gray has fittingly de- scribed the feelings of Indiana, when he said."
(1) MAJORJAMESE. NORMOYLE.U.S.A., CHIEF QUARTERMASTER IN CHARGE GETTYSBURG CAMP,
AT GENERAL HEADQUARTERS IN GREAT CAMP
(1) LIEUT. COL. LEWIS E. BEITLER. A. D. C. GOVERNORS' STAFF, AND SECRETARY PENNSYLVANIA COMMISSION.
HEADQUARTERS PENNSYLVANIA COMMISSION
ON CAMPUS PENNSYLVANIA COLLEGE, GETTYSBURG.
rJl T.-~C
3 « "pi f
S -o c MS
Gettys'burg Reunion. 117
"God lives and reigns: He built and lent
These heights for freedom's battlement,
Where floats her flag in triumph still.'
'Fold up the banners; smelt the guns; Love rules; her gentler purpose runs. A mighty mother turns in tears The pages of her battle years, Lamenting all her fallen sons.'
No, this is neither the time nor the place to point out the superior bravery or fighting qualities of the sons of one State, over the sons of another State, or the contribution any State may have made to save the Union beyond what some other State may have done to save the Union. This day and this gathering are set apart as an opportune time and place for the Blue and the Gray to recount the incidents, the hardships, and the cruelties of the war; and forgetting their differ- ences of the past, to renew their allegiance to the American Govern- ment.
This field on which we look was once the scene of as great a display of human bravery as the world ever witnessed. The test of American courage is the test of American endurance. And in these valleys, up these slopes, and upon these heights that test was made. It was a fearful test. It was made in a war to the death between men of the Anglo-Saxon race. It was made in a contest between men of the same country — heirs of the same traditions — men who loved liberty, and held high ideals of personal honor — men of character as well as cour- age. In measuring their strength they defied the belching hell of the roaring cannon, and grappled with one another in the deadly struggle. They felt the cut and thrust of the sword and bayonet till the earth was red. But they fought on and on till —
'Above the bayonets mixed and crossed. Men saw a gray, gigantic ghost. Receding through the battle cloud.'
Now, this same field is to afford the world its greatest object les- son in peace. The centuries leading to and beyond the pyramids never held anything like it.
Let silence prevail, while these gray-haired veterans, broken in body and with tear filled eyes, retrace their steps of fifty years ago, where their comrades fell and died; silence, while these sons — no longer designated as the Blue and the Gray, but as the joint guardians of the Stars and Stripes — arm in arm, take final view of the places where sleep their dead; silence, while from this mecca of American liberty and union, their feeble voices are heard above the humdrum and noise attendant upon National progress, to proclaim that there shall be no more war between the people of this Republic; that the"
118 Gettysburg Reunion.
"blood of those who sleep here has become the seed of the State — the blessed and sacred seed of a more perfect union.
Those who were not participants in this battle should not fail to be taught by it lessons in the duties of citizenship. It suggests the im- portance of patience, forbearance and charity. It teaches the value of higher ideals. It points out the necessity for a more exalted states- manship in the world's best Republic.
Contemplating the scenes here enacted, and reviewing the sacrifices of National import here made for the integrity of Old Glory, 'mani- fest destiny' should mean to us that this Republic shall be the mighti- est moral force and influence since the beginning of history. Ameri- canism should be the inspiration of other nations to do justice and to be merciful, in recognition of the brotherhood of man.
Survivors of Gettysburg, there is inspiration in a Nation's tribute to the opposing veterans of a historic battle. There is inspiration in the spirit of comradeship and good will with which you have met. There is inspiration in the conviction, that each one of you did your duty, as you saw it in that supreme test of manhood — devo- tion to duty unto death. You fought a good fight, you struck the high note in the performance of public service, and have lived to see the logic of events master the logic of men. With security you can walk down the short and shortening path of life, as the curtain lowers about you. With patience and serenity you can await whatever the future has in store for you, saying with glorious old John Burroughs, —
'Serene, I fold my hands and wait. Nor care for winds, or tide, or sea, I rave no more 'gainst time or fate, For lo! My own shall come to me.
'The stars come nightly to the sky. The tidal wave unto the sea. Nor time nor space, nor deep nor high, Can keep my own away from me!"
Following these services, the Great Tent at 1 o'clock was pre- pared for Military Day Ceremonies, when starting at 2 o'clock sharp with Colonel Andrew Cowan, Representative to our Com- mission from Kentucky, presiding, the following programme was preceded with, in the order named:
GUESTS, PENNSYLVANIA COMMISSION.
(1) MAJOR GENERALJOHN R.BROOKE, U.S. A., RETIRED, OF PENNSYLVANIA, SPEAKER, MILITARY DAY, JULY 2D, 1913. (2) REV. HENRY M. COUDEN, CHAPLAIN, NATIONAL HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, OPENING PRAYER, GOVERNORS' DAY, JULY 3D, 1913. (3) REV. NEWELL DWIGHT HILLIS, D. D., BROOKLYN, NEW YORK, SPEAKER, NEW, YORK VETERANS' CELEBRATION, JULY 3D, 1913. (-n CONGRESSMAN J. HAMPTON MOORE, PHILADELPHIA, PA., SPEAKER AT "BLOODY ANGLE, "JULY 3D, 1913. (.'0 MR. BARRY BULKLEY, WASHINGTON. D. C.READ LINCOLN'S GETTYSBURG ADDRESS, MILITARY DAY,, J ULY 2D, 1 9 1 3.
Getty shurg Reunion. 119
SECOND DAY
Wednesday, July 2nd, 1913,
Military Day.
2:00 to 4:00 P. M.
Colonel Andrew Cowan, Louisville, Kentucky, presiding.
1. Music.
2. Meeting called to order by Colonel Andrew Cowan, the
presiding officer.
3. Prayer, by Rev. Dr. Newell Dwiglit Hillis of New York.
4. Address by Major General John R. Brooke, of Pennsyl-
vania, (representative of Northern Forces in battle).
5. Address by Sergeant John C. Scarborough, of North
Carolina (representative of Southern Forces in battle).
6. Reading of Lincoln's Gettysburg Cemetery Dedication
Speech, by Mr. Barry Bulkley of Washington, D. C.
7. Address by Hon. Roswell B. Burchard, Lieutenant Gov-
ernor of Rhode Island.
8. Music.
Colonel Cowan in calling the meeting to order, said:
"Attention Comrades. The meeting will begin with prayer by the Rev. Newell Dwight Hillis, of Plymouth Church, Brooklyn, N. Y."
Opening Prayer by Dr. Hillis:
"For Thy providence, Eternal God, that has guided Thy people; for the bounties of the earth that have supported us; for Thy wisdom that has guided us; for Thy goodness that has supported us; for the gift of Thy son who hath redeemed us; for the good hand of God stretched out above the pilgrim host; we praise Thee. Now again we invoke Thy presence and Thy Divine favor. Behold these soldiers who fought for liberty, and for the advancement of justice, intelli- gence and integrity throughout the earth.
Graciously accept Thy servants in their persons and service. Let this day be the beginning of a new era for the people of the North and of the South. Through this Republic and the institutions of our fathers, let Thy Kingdom come and Thy Will be done on earth as it is in Heaven. Amen."
Colonel Cowan in presenting Major General John R. Brooke, of Pennsylvania, said:
120 Gettysburg Reunion.
"Comrades, Ladies and Gentlemen: This is Military Day, and we are all military men today. The Army of the Potomac with its four years of hard service and stern discipline, made many strong and able officers, as good as West Point ever turned out. A number of these voluntary officers secured commissions in the Regular Army after the War and several of them reached the highest rank. I need only mention Lieutenant General Nelson A. Miles and Lieutenant General Arthur McArthur of Wisconsin, so recently called up higher; and Major General John R. Brooke of Pennsylvania, who will speak to his old comrades today. He needs no eulogy, the record of his ser- vices in the Army of the Potomac and of his distinguished career in the Regular Army, is enough to make us proud of him. I have the pleasure and honor of presenting General Brooke to this great gather- ing of his comrades in the Civil War, his admirers always."
Major General Brooke said :
"Mr. Chairman, to the Governor of the Keystone State, the Battle of Gettysburg Commission, and all those who have aided in inaugurat- ing this gathering of the fiftieth anniversary of the great battle, we of the Army of the Potomac who could respond to your call, give you greetings and thanks.
Comrades of the Army of the Potomac, after fifty years, we are gathered here with the Army of Northern Virginia, not as foes, but as friends. It gives me much pleasure to see so many of you here. Looking into your faces one would think fifty years but a very short time. I greet you with all my heart and trust we may meet for years to come in our regimental reunions.
The Army of the Potomac was born in 1861 and met the Army of Northern Virginia on many fields with various results, until on July 1st, 1863, the guns of Buford's cavalry announced that the armies had met again. The 1st Army Corps, under gallant Reynolds, hurried to the support of the cavalry; the battle of Gettysburg was begun. General Meade sent General Hancock to examine the ground and see if it was suitable to fight the battle on. Hancock's report is well known to you all. Meade ordered a concentration of his army at Gettysburg which was accomplished on the evening of the second of July. Howard, hearing the guns, moved his Corps towards the fight- ing, and arrived in time to be of great assistance to the First Corps. These two Corps were overwhelmed by the (assault of the enemy, and were met by Hancock. The retreating troops were rallied on the ridge where Hancock's* statue stands. SuflSce it is to say that the enemy was held in check until the arrival of other troops, who had been marching all night. The details of the battle have been written by so many, that it is not necessary to repeat them here. From the arrival of the Army of the Potomac until the close of the battle it was placed on the defensive. The result is well known to you. On the soil of the Keystone of the Colonial Arch have occurred many great events; the Colonial Congress met on it; battles were fought on it; the Declaration of Independence was written within its borders;"
Gettys'burg Reunion. 121
"its principal city became tlie seat of Government, and tlie Capitol of the Republic. Here the Constitution was written, and until the city of Washington was built, the city of Philadelphia remained the Capitol.
On this ground was fought the battle which assured the mainte- nance of the Great Republic. Many battles were fought after Gettys- burg, and it was not until upon the plains of Appomattox the union of states was assured, but Gettysburg was the turning point of the war. Comrades, it seems to me as it seems to many, that our Republic has been destined to convince the world that the language of the Constitution that "all men are born free and equal" was not an idle boast. From its organization down to the present day, that our country has been selected to convince the world that it is the best system of government for all peoples.
From about three millions of people, we have grown to about one hundred millions, and so far as our country is concerned, the fact is patent that our system is better than any other, being "the government of the people, by the people, for the people," and shall not perish from the face of the earth.
Let us not fail to remember, that "United we stand, divided we fall."
Colonel Cowan in presenting Sergeant John C. Scarborough, of North Carolina, said:
"Comrades: I am about to introduce a North Carolina soldier who served on this battlefield and to the end of the war, and then returned home with his heart full of bitterness, which in time turned to the milk of human kindness. I do not know a more patriotic southern soldier, nor a man who has worked better for God and Country ever since the war. I take pleasure therefore in presenting Hon. John C. Scarborough, who was Sergeant of a North Carolina Regiment on this great battlefield, and is Superintendent of Public Schools in his state."
Sergeant Scarborough said:
"Mr. Chairman: I want to say to this great audience that I am glad to be here. The first time I was here I was not glad; the next time I came, I was. I am glad to face this audience and say a few words in reference to a subject that has been assigned me to talk about.
In 1861, Zeb Vance was canvassing the State of North Carolina and urging the people of the State to keep it from seceding from the Union. He was an old Whig, and had been in Congress as a Whig, from his mountain district in North Carolina. While he was speaking, some- body threatened him with a gun, and he took out of his pocket a pistol and laid it down on the table before him, and proceeded to make his remarks in reference to the state remaining in the Union at that time. In the distance, there came a courier at a high speed on a charging horse, and going up to the box on which Vance was standing, he handed him a message. That message was with refer- ence to President Lincoln's call upon North Carolina for troops to"
122 Gettysburg Reunion.
"force South Carolina back into the Union. When Vance read that note he put the pistol under the box, took a sheet of paper and went through the crowd, and that afternoon made up a company from the town and community in which he lived, and I had the honor to be associated with him, not in his company, but as a member of another in the same regiment. I served with him for over a year before he was promoted to Colonel of the 26th North Carolina Regiment, C. S. A.
I have stated this incident in order to show you why I want to talk about it. Zeb Vance was an old Whig and had served in Con- gress for two terms. In his zeal for the Union, he had advocated waiting with patience for Mr. Lincoln and his cabinet to act, but after that order, Vance had made up his mind. Vance would have been a Union man but for that order. He might have been able to hold North Carolina in the Union, but with that order, there was no power under Heaven that could keep North Carolina in the Union of these States. That was the condition of our people in mind and heart. The great majority of our folks were opposed to Secession, and were favor- a;ble to the Union of the States. North Carolina never went out of the Union until that order was issued, and the next day the Legislature called a convention, and the convention carried the State out of the Union. From that day, war was on hand in the good old state from which I come. We had a state of affairs in North Carolina that you will understand when I tell you that one third of the population of North Carolina were colored folks, and they all lived in a little pocket, or most of them in about twenty counties in the eastern part of the State. Our people were afraid of Secession, because they had some feeling and some suspicion that the negroes might give us trouble. The young white men of the state were rushing to arms, volunteering some of them for twelve months, the first regiment for six months, and they said they expected the war would end before they were in it three months.
But the feeling of our young men — and they were the flower of the land, and the great middle cHass of our people, — was to fall into line; and North Carolina was a camp almost from one end of the state to the other. I want to say something else about the negro later, but at this time I wish to refer to the fact that the southern white men ,• especially the young white men of North Carolina, believed in the righteousness of the cause which the South represented. I am not saying that the cause was right, but they believed in the righteousness of the cause, and to them it was right, believing it was right. They were enthusiastic in their support of the proposition for the State to go out of the Union, and a great many extravagant things were said by men, and among them, that the war would end in three months.
Did you ever hear the charge that the Rebels would not fight? No never! The great body of men that rushed into the camp believed that the war would end in three months, and believed that the south- ern fighters were better fighters than the northern men. The men of the South were responsible for the step of North Carolina, and I have"
Gettysburg Reunion. 123
"always maintained that when North Carolina took that step to go out of the Union, they were followed by the people of North Carolina, and I looked at it as they looked at it; and, with very few exceptions, we all went with one accord into the Confederacy against the Union of the States, land that meant that there was war on hand, and that this Government had a test on itself, and that the South felt its equality with this end in view and determined to take this position. I am simply stating to you the facts. "When I was a young man in my twentieth year I had my first fight at the "Buffalo Adademy" where I was attending school. The Union boys put up a Union flag on the top of the schoolhouse, and dared the Secession boys to remove it, and the Secession boys determined to take it down; and that was the first battle in the war in which I took part, in North Carolina.
The young men, as I have said before, believing in the righteous- ness of the cause, as they saw it, nothing could turn them from their purpose except defeat, after fighting in the Confederacy for four years. Every resource that we had was brought to bear in this direction. We believed then in the principles which we held and that they must prevail. We were impressed with the thought that we must succeed. The men of the South believed with all their hearts that the South ought to be free. That was the feeling of our people, and hence we became a camp of soldiers, and I, as one of them, volunteered in the Fourth Volunteer Regiment of North Carolina, made up largely of the County of Wake, my native County.
North Carolina did not want to secede, but found herself compelled to do 11 Dy the sentiment that prevailed. Our leading men were con- servative men, George E. Badger, I think the most level-headed man we had in North Carolina, except perhaps Zeb Vance, but a much more learned man than Zeb Vance, came up along Payetteville street in Raleigh, and heard the turmoil and saw the madness of the crowd. He took up a little soap box from the side of the little grocery, and brought it out to the edge of the pavement and began to talk. Did you ever iread in your Virgil the description of the storm at sea? How that sea came up and was in turbulence! And George E. Badger was there very much in that attitude. I had just come out from reading Virgil, and it was fresh in my mind when he referred to that in his speech. He talked with a quiet voice and waving his hand at the crowd and as they caught his words after awhile, they went away. Why? Because he was a conservative man. He was an old Whig and loved the Union, and he said he didn't know what else to do but fight, and inasmuch as the State had gone out of the Union, he declared his allegiance to the Southern Confederacy.
Now I want to say that the generals in our army were the graduates of our Military School, West Point. The generals of our Confederacy resigned their commissions, and came South and took service under the Confederates States. General Lee himself resigned his commission, and came to Virginia, and declared his purpose never to take up arms again except at the command of his native State, Virginia. Hill and Long-"
124
Gettyshurg Reunion.
"street from Georgia, and Heath and other men that had graduated from our military school, came South and joined their destinies with the Southern people. What a band they were, and what characters they had! What a pity it was that this government was ever disturbed by the idea of Secession. I didnt think so at one time. I believed that we ought to fight until the last man died in the last ditch. That is what 1 thought, and that is what these generals thought, and these generals were patriotic men. They w^ere not fire-eaters; they were calm and collected, and they could not go in defiance of the wishes of our folks, and our folks would have repudiated them if they had tried it. And what were we to do? Down in South Carolina, down in Georgia, over in Tennessee, down yonder in Texas, over in Arkansas, in Florida, in all these States, the feeling was the same. What a time of sorrow that was to many of the folks.
General Lee tendered his sword to the State of Virginia; Joseph E. Johnson had been wounded in the Battle of the Seven Pines, or Fair Oaks as it was called on the Union side. General Lee became Oommander-in-Chief in Joe Johnson's place, and never left Virginia any more except as he came to Sharpsburg or Antietam, and except as he came to Gettysburg as a soldier of the Confederacy. General Lee held to his purpose that he might bring out of the war the freedom and independence of the South.
I want to say this, and it is a fact, that I have for many years and ever since I came out of the war, had opinions about this struggle and its results. One night lafter the close of the war I woke up and ■ thought about all I had been doing and thinking. I had learned to hate folks, which was wicked. I had learned to hate folks along sec- tional lines and that was unpatriotic. I went to college after I went through General Lee's "college" or military training, and that was one of the best trainings I ever had, nothing could be better than the knowledge gained under General Lee in the Army, and under the stress of war. If lany of you have any notions of being unsettled , or if any of you have any sons who want to be something and want to go some- where, put him in the Army; give him the chance to get next to the right kind of fellows, and he will come out a full grown man.
About that time I became conscious of my position against the North along sectional lines. I didn't like Maryland because she didn't come over and join with us, and because of that I continued to dis- like Maryland. I didn't like the States that didn't leave the Union to come over on our side. Didn't you have that feeling sometimes? Ly- ing in bed one morning in the old shed-room where I had slept from my boyhood, I sat up and put that thought out of my. heart and out of my mind, and tried to love the children of the States, and God has helped in that trial; God has helped our people in the South in that trial, and God is going to lead us to be a great nation in the future, and God is going to vouchsafe His blessing to this nation, and to the people of this nation, as I believe that this nation is going to stand in the forefront and abolish war in the land, and in order to abolish war you will have to make more warships."
Gettysburg Reunion. 125
"We will not be safe unless we have more warships. I want to re- peat that in this great presence. We need peace and we want peace, but we must have peace and can have peace only because we have prepared for war.
I need not go over the lines held by our generals and your gen- erals on this field. You are familiar with that. I need not hold you many more minutes in this talk, but I want to mention one other thing before closing, that gave North Carolina a great deal of trouble, and gave the South where the negroes had any hold, a great deal of trouble. We were afraid that the negroes would rise behind us. That is the way we felt in North Carolina. We were afraid that down in that section with something like twenty-five counties in the eastern part of North Carolina, where there was one white person to every two negroes, and in one county one-fourth were white, and three- fourths black, might conclude to rise up and come upon us in the rear. Suppose they had? A thousand negroes in eastern North Carolina could give trouble to the white people in spite of what the army could do, because blood is thicker than water. But now I want to say that our fears were all misplaced. Because the negro was as quiet and as safe and thoroughly imbued with the idea of the princi- ple that was involved . and was as loyal to the South as he was to ihis master and his mistress, and as they were loyal to the cause. The negro knew what the war was for. My father's negroes knew what it was for, and every other man's negroes knew what it was for, and they knew if the North succeeded that they would be free. Through all the war there was not a negro that stirred from the field, unless he was requested to do so, and not a negro ever raised his hand against a master or mistress in our State or in any of the Southern States, and thus our fears were misplaced.
Where did the negro come from? He was not here by his own free will, he was brought here by the greed of the white man. I say that in order that I may say other things to you people. We owe it to our negroes in North Carolina, and we owe it to our own State, and to the whole country, and other States owe it to themselves to make the best citizens out of them, and the man whose business it is to improve the condition of the negro by education and uplift is the important teacher in our land. I have great sympathy with the negro; my business is largely with him. For he has two school children where the white man has one in my county. I go to see him and talk to him about morality and citizenship, and all the things that lift up and elevate. I talk to him in his schoolhouse as I talk to the white folks in their schoolhouses. I believe that this is the only way for us to treat the negroes. We must show to him that we are his friends, and tie him to us with hooks of steel, and he will reward us for what we do for him.
I need not go over the history of the war. You know how it was. There is not a man ihere who does not know the story of the war, and I need not attempt to go over that. You of the North all sympa- thize with us of the South in the burden and the duty that we have"
126 Gettysburg Reunion.
"put upon us, and you of the North, I think, have rightly put the negro question up to the South, and I want to say to the men and women here, that we owe it to the black men and the black women and the black children, to make them the best citizens the material will allow. That is the way that I feel about it, and that is the way that I. believe that we can accomplish what we desire, if we really want him to be a good citizen. We must make out of him the best citizen that it is possible to bring out of him. When we do that — and I have the same belief as Colonel Cowan, that the negro will appreciate it, and that is the work we have done, and are trying to do. God help us in the South and you in the North to stand up for every man that needs your help ; and you need not treat him as an equal , but as a good citi- zen, and you stand in your place and have him stand in his place, and do his work like a man, as you stand in your place and do your work.
I have talked longer than I expected to, and I want to announce myself as a reconstructed "Rehel." It has been a long time since I was a "Rebel," and I want to announce myself as one "Reconstructed." Let me tell you too, why the people down South, why the white folks all over the South are "Reconstructed Rebels," and it is for the same reason that I am, and we are not going out of the Union any more. We are going to stand side by side with you, and we are going to compete with you in the armies of peace and progress.
God help us to be true to our manhood and our womanhood; help us to live right and treat other people right, and try to help to hold up every man who is trying to better his condition in this good land, and only then can we have a clear conscience towards our fellow-men."
Colonel Cowan in introducing Mr. Barry Bulkley, of Wash- ington, D. C, said: —
"Next on the programme is the reading of Lincoln's Gettysburg Cemetery Dedication Speech. When this cemetery was dedicated, the Honorable Eldward Everett, one of the most distinguished orators we have ever had, delivered a great oration. He was followed by the President who made an address that occupied five minutes. When Mr. Lincoln took his seat, Mr. Everett said to him, 'Mr. President, my ora- tion will soon be forgotten, but what you have said will live forever.' When that great President, the friend of the whole country, who knew no animosity, was assassinated, the first surgeon to reach his side was Dr. John Wells Bulkley, who remained with him to the end. His son, Mr. Barry Bulkley, will read Lincoln's Gettysburg Cemetery Dedica- tion address at .this time."
Mr. Bulkley then read the address as follows: —
"Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any n'ation so con- ceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great"
Gettysburg Reunion. 127
battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field as a final resting-place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this. But, in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate — we can- not consecrate — we cannot hallow — this ground. The brave men, liv- ing and dead, who struggled here have consecrated It far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember, what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us, the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the un- finished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly ad- vanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task re- maining before us — -that from these honored dead we take increased de- votion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devo- tion—that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain — that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of free- dom— ^and that government of the people, by the people, for the peo- ple, shall not perish from the earth."
Colonel Cowan expressing regret at the inability of Brigadier General John C. Black, Past Commander-in-Chief of the Grand Army of the Republic, to be present, presented the Honorable Roswell B. Burchard, Lieutenant Governor of Rhode Island, first saying:
"The Sergeant Major of the 11th Indiana Regiment was John C. Black. That regiment was mustered out in August, '61. He then raised com- panies of three years men and returned to the service as Major of the 37th Illinois Regiment, of which he became the Colonel, was afterwards brevetted Brigadier General U. S. V for gallant services, and now wears the Medal of Honor bestowed for eminent bravery. He was Com- mander-in-Chief of the Grand Army of the Republic, 1903-1904, and the Pennsylvania Commission invited him to speak here for the "Western Armies," with which his honorable military service was performed. He accepted the invitation because he never failed his comrades nor disappointed a friend, but I have just received the following telegram from him:
"I have earnestly hoped until to day to perform the high and grateful duty assigned me for July second. My health is such that it is impossible for me to be at Gettysburg. I deeply re- gret my inability to address my comrades."
I take great pleasure in presenting to you a substitute for General Black in the person of the Lieutenant Governor of Rhode Island, Hon- orable Roswell B. Burchard."
After the introduction of Lieutenant Governor Burchard, a cloudburst, attended by terrific thunder and lightning (but which fortunately did no serious damage) made it necessary
128 Gettysburg Reunion.
to delay the proceedings for half and hour. The Lieutenant Governor then spoke as follows: —
"Mr. Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen: This weather reminds me of the story of a wedding ceremony performed under similar atmospheric conditions by a famous English Divine. Dean Swift had sought shelter from a thunder storm under the protection of a great oak. While standing there he was joined by two other refugees who came dripping from the rain — a young woman and her attendant young man. The Dean engaged the young couple in conversation and learned that they were on their way to the neighboring village to be married by the country parson. "Why can't I do it here and now?" asked the Dean. The young couple readily assented, the ceremony was performed, and then the Dean, tearing a page from his notebook, wrote for the bride the following marriage certificate:
"Under a tree in stormy weather I bound this man and woman together. Let none but Him who rules the thunder Put this man and woman asunder."
And so, may none but Him who 'rules the thunder' and holds the lightnings in his hand, put asunder the hearts of the two great armies who are reunited here today?
Judged by the precedents of all the ages, it would seem to be a consummation grand indeed, if the children or the children's children of those who fought here should come together in friendliness; but when the surviving heroes of battlefields, with the story of their fierce and bloody struggle fresh upon their lips, meet in friendly intercourse, with brotherly embrace, as you do here, it is sublime be- yond the imaginings of all human standards.
The Roman conquerer led his vanquished foe "to grace in captive bonds his chariot wheels." Christian soldiers of the noblest warfare in which man has ever grappled with man, waged for the right, "as God gave you to see the right," you display to civilization the un- paralleled spectacle of the foemen of the bloodiest of battles leading one another in this, the grandest triumph of the ages, bound in bonds of brotherhood and mutual respect.
Truly "peace hath her victories no less renewed than those of war." Today signalizes the most memorable victory borne in the annals of fame; a victory that puts the iron into no human breast, and that is sanctified by the angels in heaven. Oh, that the dead enshrined on yonder height could rise in the flesh and behold this tented field, these armies of their comrades of bivouac and battle united, on the site of Pickett's glorious charge, in reconciliation and in peace. Their ashes rest here where they fell. But let us , who believe in God and immortal- ity, be inspired with the assurance that, if it is permitted to the saints in heaven to take cognizance of the doings of men, the souls that were glorified by the carnage of these fields, do now rise up before the throne of the Infinite and call this day blessed."
Gettysburg Reunion. 129
"As we look back and learn the history of the past, the South does not regret the errors of reconstruction, where they were committed, more than the North. As we observe the industrial and commercial successes of the whole nation, the South does not rejoice more in its own phenominal prosperity than do the people of the North.
It is a false and insincere sentiment that would ask us to forget and entirely forgive the cruel calamities of the war. Brothers cannot forget the death of brothers, nor can mothers forgive the slaughter of sons. The whole nation will ever mourn the sacrifice of these fields. But we Northerners, wiho have seen Confederate women decorating the graves of our Northern dead, as I have done, know that the sym- pathy of mother for mother and widow for widow surmounts human weakness, and confirms "the beauty and strength of woman's devotion."
Faith guides the trembling arm of sorrow. It points to the Cross of Calvary, rising sublime over the vicissitudes of erring humanity, and reafiirms:
"The truth to flesh and sense unknown That life is ever lord of death. And love can never lose its own."
As we stand upon this hallowed ground, where every footprint marks an act of sacrifice; as we lift our gaze to these surrounding monuments, raised to the memory of heroic deeds; as we recall Lincoln's words, that seem to come as a message from the celestial country, pregnant with the spirit of this solemn place, we should be unworthy of the heritage of fame, here left us, if we failed once again to highly resolve that "these dead shall not have died in vain."
Do you think for a minute that we Northern boys were not brought up to revere the greatness of your generals and the heroism of your soldiers? Why, gentlemen, I am but typical of my kind. I have al- ways loved to seek out the relics that have been made sacred by contact with great men. I have stood before the helmet that Henry the Fifth wore at Agincourt, and Nelson's coat, which are preserved in West- minister Abbey. I have pondered before that famous Gray Coat and Chapeau that Napoleon wore in his campaigns. I have thrilled with patriotic enthusiasm before the relics of Grant and his generals in our Smithsonian Institution, but I have also stood, with kindred reverence to heroes, in the old White House of the Confederacy at Richmond, before the case where you preserve as relics of an heroic age the old gray uniforms worn by your generals, Lee and Jackson and Johnson, which, linking the present with the past in lofty sentiment, shall serve to perpetuate to future generations something of the personality of the chieftains whom the soldiers of both armies revered.
The voices of- the martyred dead seem to call upon us today to carry on the work for which they yielded up "the last full measure of devotion" — the perpetuation of this nation, in pursuance of the ideals upon which it was founded. If we compromise with chang- ing conditions and lessening ideals, if we subordinate the govern-"
130 Gettysburg Reunion.
"ment of the people to any power aggregated among ourselves, then we fail in our obligation to those who gave us our national life. If the electorate is not pure, if labor does not obtain the fair fruits of labor, if the poor man does not stand equal with the rich man at the bar of Justice, then have the ideals of the fathers not been attained.
It is not, however, in the attainment of ideals, but in the striv- ing after them that we are to fulfill the lofty resolve that we were here enjoined to take upon us.
The world is better today than it was fifty years ago. "The thoughts of men have widened with the process of the suns." The world is better for the fight that you fought here, and, again, it will be better for your example, unparalleled in history, of brotherhood here reunited after the fight.
And you go forth from this ceremonial strong in your influence and example to continue the triumph of your arms in the never ending conquests of humanity in peace.
In the few centuries of the progress of mankind which we call history, great and powerful nations have arisen, fallen and become extinct. Desolation reigns upon the plains of Memphis. Thebes "of the hundred gates" is a show place for travelers. The Acropolis at Athens lifts its sculptured ruins above the plains and sea made memorable in heroic story, and the ashes of Imperial Rome are the spoil of the antiquarian's spade. The process in the lives of extinct nations has been, first, hardihood, then prosperity, then luxury, and then decay. It is the destiny of the Nation whose sterling hardi- hood was tried in the fire of this field, to show to an admiring world that a people may be prosperous and yet so endowed with the sim- ple virtues of the pioneer and the soldier that under God's guid- ance, peace and plenty may abound; while the surplus of earth's bounty may be devoted to the amelioration of suffering and the uplifting of mankind.
We, as a nation, are at peace with all the world. Our Flag is re- spected in all lands. The voice of America is potent in the councils of the Nations because it spdaks for civilization and justice. The strong hand of the Young Republic is grasped in friendliness abroad, because while friendly, it is strong.
There is not a soldier here today but rejoices in that strength and longs to see the Nation's bulwarks strengthened and its outposts made secure.
There are those, who, with good intentions, cry for disarm- ment for the promotion of peace. The history of Europe since the establishment of The Hague Tribunal shows how visionary is that altruistic dream. You soldiers know the wisdom of the words of the Iron Chancellor, "In time of peace prepare for war!" You realize, as none others can, that the only insurance against war Is preparedness for it.
A healthy man rejoices in his strength — "A sound mind in a sound body." Who ever preached the doctrine of flabby muscles and"
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"weakened sinews? Yet what man, other than a brute or a bully, is a menace to his neighbors because of his strength? A Nation is an aggregation of men, and the strength that belongs to normal men belongs to a Nation that would maintain its prestige among the peoples of the earth.
When we resolve that "Government by the people shall not perish from the earth" we must also resolve that that government shall be so strong that no power can drive it from the earth.
"When have the American people ever abused their strength or drawn the sword save in the cause of humanity? Into what coun- tries and over what seas have our Army and Navy carried the Flag, consecrated by the blood of your comrades, save unselfishly and for the defense of the oppressed? What conquest fired the ambi- tion of your soldiers and your sailors when they carried freedom and enlightment and health into the Medieval gloom that hung over the Antilles and that shrouded the Islands of the Pacific? What instinct less manly than the preservation of national honor among the nations inspired your boys when they patrolled the walls of Pekin, and, in that ancient citadel, and before the hardened vet- erans of European armies, set a loftly example of courage, forbear- ance and unselfishness?
While we pray to God that we may never need the service of our Army and Navy in the stress of war, let us never forget that every day we need the security which we enjoy through them in peace.
Let us remember furthermore, the responsibilities, which as a Nation, we have assumed and which we cannot and would not es- cape— the protection of our citizens abroad, the maintenance of law and order within our borders and the resistance of invasion by any Old World power upon the territory of the American Continent.
The great statesmen who have gone before us, those who learned American ideals from Washington and Jefferson and Marshall, have handed down to us certain traditions, which, though not written into our law, have become a part of our political creed and rep- resent our convictions concerning the responsibility of the United States in the government of all portions of the American Con- tinent.
If we should be unable to maintain the integrity of the doctrine laid down by President Monroe and strenuously upheld for nearly a century, we should be the derision of the Old World powers.
Yes, we are at peace with all the world, and surely no offensive act of the United States will disturb that peace. But it is rumored that there are little clouds gathering upon our horizon. It is said that danger threatens our Pacific shores. "Pacific may they ever be!" And we are told that murmurs of war are heard upon our Southern border, where the glorious memories of Buena Vista and Monterey should give us serene assurance of security to any Ameri- can citizen who is inoffensive and law abiding. But the nation should stand armed cap-a-pie, in knightly strength and knightly" 9
132 Gettijshiur/ Reunion.
"courtesy before the Brother hood of Nations. Should the cloud that is "no larger than a man's hand" spread and darken and burst over the land, then, as of old, the Starry Flag should float triumphant above the clouds, and
"The ark then of Freedom's foundation, Columbia, ride safe through the storm."
Whether on the field of battle, or combating with the forces of disorder or disease, our Soldiers, in the service of their country, have become the benefactors of mankind; while the American Sail- ors have carried our Starry Flag upon the waters of every ocean, ever resplendent with the garlands of its fame, won always in conquest, not for dominion, but for civilization.
The dignity of the country, the safety of the country, requires the maintenance of an Army and a Navy not only in personnel equal to the standards which you have set so high, but in strength proportion- ate to the magnitude and wealth of the expanding nation.
There could be no humiliation more poignant to you veterans, whom we, of the younger generation, honor today, than the enerva- tion of the Army in which you so valiantly served, or of the Navy of whose exploits you are so justly proud.
"Ye sons of Columbia come hither
And join in our songs with delight. May the wreaths you have won never wither,
May the star of your glory grow bright. May the bonds oft united ne'er sever.
But hold to their colors so true; The Army and Navy forever,
Three cheers for the Red, White and Blue!"
Colonel Cowan then presented to the audience General Meade's descendants who were present on the platform, saying:
"Comrades, we had on this platform the son and the grandsons of General Longstreet, and the grandsons of General Pickett, who have just departed, but the daughter of General Meade and the grand- children of General Meade are still here, and I am very happy to say that they will now be presented to you, and will rise in their places as their names are called."
Miss Henrietta Meade, daughter of General Meade. Mrs. George Meade, daughter-in-law of General Meade. Mr. George Gordon Meade, grandson of General Meade. Mr. George (iordon Meade Large. Mr and Mrs John B. Large. Mr. Kobert H. Large.
Hon . Thomas Vice President of the United States,
R . Marshall .
Speaker, Governors' Day, July 3rd.
Gettysburg Reunion. 133
Mr. S. Sargeant Large.
Mr. Saunders L. Meade.
Mrs. Charles P. Fox.
Mr. and Mrs. George J. Cooke.
Miss Salvadora Meade.
Miss Henrietta Meade Large.
At the conclusion of their presentations, three cheers and a tiger for the descendants of General Meade were called for and enthusiastically given by the Blue and Gray together.
Colonel Cowan then said, "the benediction will be pro- nounced by the Rev. Dr. J. Richards Boyle, Chaplain of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion."
BENEDICTION.
"Now may the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ and the love of God, the Father, and the fellowship and communion of the Holy Ghost abide with us all forever more. Amen."
Again following these services, various Reunions were held up to 6 o'clock, and at 8 P. M. there followed a concert by the band of the Third Regiment Infantry, N. G. P.
Thursday, July 3rd, in the forenoon, the Great Tent was again used for Reunions, a total of 65 such Reunions, Regimen- tal, Brigade, Division, Corps, etc., etc., some large, some small, being held therein during the three days, this Commission on June 10th having officially given each organization a certain hour and section for its services, and these Reunions gave many hours of especial pleasure to our yeteran guests, with their reawakenings of memories of the past, their renewals of friend- ships, their happy, unexpected meetings of comrades long separated and oft-times counted as "gone beyond."
At one o'clock the Great Tent was prepared for Governors' Day ceremonies, and starting promptly at 2 o'clock, with His Excellency, Governor Tener, of Pennsylvania, presiding, the following programme was proceeded with in the order named:
134 Geityshurg Reunion.
THIRD DAY.
Thursday, July 3rd, 1913 Governors' Day. 2:00 to 4:00 P. M. Hon. eJobn K. Tener, Governor of Pennsylvania, presiding.
1. Music.
2. Meeting called to order by Hon. John K. Tener, Gover-
nor of Pennsylvania, presiding officer.
3. Opening prayer, by Eev. Henry M. Couden, Chaplain,
United States House of Representatives.
4. Address by the Vice-President of the United States,
Hon. Thomas R. Marshall.
5. Address by Hon. Champ Clark, Speaker of the United
States House of Representaiives.
6. Address by Hon. James B. McCreary, Governor of Ken-
tucky.
7. Address by Hon. William Sulzer, Governor of New York.
8. Address, by Hon. William Hodges Mann, Governor of
Virginia.
9. Address by Hon. James S. Cox, Governor of Ohio.
10. Address by Hon. Simeon E. Baldwin, Governor of Conn-
ecticut.
11. Address by Hon. Adolph O. Eberhardt, Governor of Min-
nesota.
12. Address by Hon. Louis B. Hanna, Governor of North
Dakota.
13. Address by Hon. Charles R. Miller, Governor of Delaware.
14. Address by Hon. William T. Haines, Governor of Maine.
15. Address by Hon. Samuel M. Ralston, Governor of In-
diana.
16. Closing address by Hon. John K. Tener, Governor of
Pennsylvania.
17. Music.
Governor Tener in calling the meeting to order, said :
"The Rev. Henry M. Couden, Chaplain of the National House of Representatives, will offer prayer."
Hon. Champ Clark,
Speaker of the House of Representatives of the United States,
Speaker, Govenors' Day, July 3rd.
Gettysburg Reunion: 135
Opening prayer by Rev. Conclen:
"God of the ages; our fathers God and our God; we bless Thee for that providence which has shaped and guided the destiny of men from the beginning down to the present hour; especially for that spirit which came into the world nineteen hundred years ago, heralded by the angelic host praising God, and saying, "Glory to God in the highest, and on earth peace, good will toward men," which has been growing in volume and intensity year by year, and today we are here joining in that great chorus, and we pray that it may sound 'round the world and move men to larger life and nobler living.
We thank Thee that peace is stronger than war, justice than in- justice, mercy than revenge, love than hate. We are met on a great battlefield where men fought each other to the death fifty years ago, but now we meet in fraternity and love, rejoicing in the vic- tory of the Blue and the Gray.
We thank Thee that we have reached a stage in our civilization when a little bit of war is too much, and a whole lot of peace is not enough; when a little bit of injustice is too much, and a whole lot of justice is not enough; when a little bit of revenge is too much, and a whole lot of mercy is not enough, when a little bit of hate is too much, and a whole lot of love is not enough; and we most earn- estly and sincerely pray that the Christ Spirit may continue its work until war shall be no more, that men shall vie with each other in doing good, lifting each other up to the heaven Thou hast in waiting for us.
These things we ask in the spirit of the Prince of Peace. Amen."
Governor Tener then spoke as follows:
"Vice-President Marshall, Speaker Clark, Your Excellencies, Vet- erans, Ladies and Gentlemen: Our programme this afternoon will be somewhat varied. In other words, we will not confine ourselves strictly to the programme as printed. We are especially honored today in having here represented, members of the Upper House of Congress as well as the President of that body; members from the lower House, and the Speaker of that body; as well as very many Governors. For myself, as Chairman of the meeting, instead of tak- ing up time on the programme I propose to yield it to others. We are glad indeed this afternoon, to have this Great Tent so well filled with the veterans of the Blue and the Gray. We appreciate your coming from the remote distances in this country — coming here to Penn- sylvania, and to this battlefield. Here are gathered today citizens of the United States reaching from Plymouth Rock to the Golden Gate; from the waving wheat fields of the North down to the land of the nodding cotton blossom in the Soutli — all gathered today in brotherly union, and while we of the North may boast of the vic- tory of fifty years ago, your victory of the South today is complete, for surely you have captured all Pennsylvanians. I desire at this"
136 Gettysburg Reunion.
"time to present the Vice-President of the United States, Thomas R. Marshall."
The "S^ice-President said:
"Governor Tener and fellow Americans; this is one of the few oc- casions in my life when I am convinced that silence is far better than words upon my part. It is not mine to laud and magnify this oc- casion or the memories which it commemorates. Gettysburg, like all historic battlefields, has magnified and glorified itself. It needs neither the painter's brush nor the musician's lyre, nor the orator's words to keep it green in the hearts of the men of the Northland and of the Southland. I was too young to know much of the awful conflict between the States but I had an idea, having been reared by an old Presbyterian mother and compelled to read the Bible, that the fights going on were much like the fights given in the Scriptures; that Lee and Longstreet and Hancock and Meade and McClellan and Grant were fighting fights of their own and that no one else was engaged in each confiict. This occasion convinces me that there can be no great general unless there is a great army behind him; that no brave man can lead cowards either to victory or to a glorious defeat. Thank God, this occasion marks in the American mind the high tide of glory for the common soldier. North and South. It were vain to speak of right or wrong upon this ocasion. Rather let us remember that this could happen only in America; that no where else upon the habitable globe could men, who fifty years ago had engaged in stormy conflict, meet and clasp hands as brethren under the same flag. This is not an occasion for the glorification of the past. This rather, men of '61 to '65, is to be the last libation which you are to pour upon the altars of Constitutional Government. Let me prophecy that the age will not come when in any quiet burying ground, North or South, the Sons of the Republic yet to be born, will forget to strew with flowers the graves of the Blue and the Gray. This occasion wipes out the last of Mason and Dixon's line; as Bob Taylor of Tennessee said, "There is nothing now between us except cold bread and hot biscuit." For the future, let me hope that the sons of your loins may be worthy of their high heritage, and that if in the times to come there should be needed men to spring to the defense of a principle, there will be no disloyal son born to a man who wore the Blue or who wore the Gray. I would not have you forget the years that are gone; they constitute precious memory. I would not have you yield one jot or tittle of that faith and devotion in the cause for which you fought, but I would have you believe that this day we are a re-united people. And I would have you all join me in the sentiment: —
Our country, God bless her! May the music of freedom never cease to be heard amid the coal flelds of Pennsylvania or among the rustling cornfields of Indiana, beside the still waters of the North or where within our broad arm ports of the South can safely ride at anchor the commerce of a hundred million of freemen."
Gettyshurg Reunion. 137
"Our country, right or wrong; if right, that we may love and venerate and clierish her; if wrong, that we may with mercy's lov- ing, chastening hand win her back to rectitude. May luxury and vanity and vice ne'er draw thee from the simple paths of thy youth. O, Columbia, may duty nobly done be thy pillar of fire by night and thy pillar of cloud by day. May day unto day watch thee climb- ing higher and yet higher, and night unto night give to thy counsel- lors wisdom until they shall lead thee to the summit of human en- deavor and seat thee upon the throne of the Nation where thou Shalt rule with a rod of love and in thy right hand carry gentle peace to silence envious tongues."
Governor Teiier in introdncing the Speaker of the House of Representatives, Honorable Champ Clark, said:
"The speaker who will follow the Vice-President is well known to many of you and nearly all of you and most favorably known. Some three years ago, I was a member of the Sixty-first Congress. At that time, the gentleman who will next speak was the leader of the minority, and I desired that even though I should be in the lower House but one term to have it said that I had «,t least once addressed the Speaker, but the ever watchful leader of the minority desiring to know what was going on. Inquired the subject matter of my ad- dress. After I had explained it to him, he said: "Young man, when you speak in this House, lift up your voice so you can be heard." I resented it somewhat, and then hoped that the time would come when I might get even with him and today it has come and now, at this moment, I am going to ask Speaker Champ Clark, of the National House of Representatives, to "lift up his voice" before this audience.
Speaker Clark spoke as follows:
"I was only 11 years old when Fort Sumter was fired on, and now my head is blossoming like the almond tree. I Avill tell you how I regard that awful contest and how the generation to which I belong looks upon it, as one of the most heroic chapters in the annals of mankind. I read English history as the prologue to American his- tory. When I reflect upon the civil wars in England my judgment is with the stern, unfaltering pious Roundheads, who at Worcester, Marston Moor, and Dunbar followed the great Oliver into battle shouting, "God with us," but my soul is fired with the recollection of the chivalric deeds of those gallant knights and gentlemen who charged under the silken banner of Prince Rupert in the cause of the Stuart King. Cold must be the heart of that American who is not proud to claim as countrymen the flower of the southern youth who charged up the slippery slopes of Gettysburg with peerless Pickett, or those unconquerable men in blue, who through three long and dreadful days held these beetling heights in face of fierce assaults. It was not Southern valor, or Northern valor. It was,"
138 Gettyshurg Reunion.
"'thank God, American valor; that valor Avhich caused our Revolu- tionary fathers to throw their gage of battle in the face of the son of a hundred kings; that valor which animated Washington at Prince- ton, Brandy wine, Monmouth and Yorktown; that valor which up- held his famished men amid the unspeakable horrors of Valley Forge; that valor which sustained the soldiers who followed Arnold on that cruel winter's march through the v.^oods of Canada and in the Christ- mas storming of Quebec where Montgomery fell, immortal; that valor which nerved Andrew Jackson and his raw militia on the ever glori- ous 8th of January, when they humbled to the very dust the towering pride of that mighty monarchy upon whose dominions the sun never sets, and utterly routed the veterans of the Peninsula who had snatched from Napoleon's brow the iron crown of Charlemagne; that valor which at Buena Vista, Cherebusco, and Chapultepec filled the world with its renown; that valor which wrote Davy Crockett's name above Leonidas and made the Alamo another shrine for freedom; that valor which begirts this land as with a wall of fire, forbidding all the nations of the earth to touch the ark of American liberty lest they die. Callous indeed, must be the man who cannot find some- thing to admire in the collossal benignant character of Abraham Lin- coln or in the splendid career of Robert E. Lee.
The soldiers of the North and the soldiers of the South were American freemen all, fighting like heroes for what they considered right. As such I honor them. As such I teach my children to cher- ish them.
"On Fame's eternal camping ground.
Their silent tents are spread; And Glory guards with solemn round
The bivouac of the dead."
0, my countrymen, it is an inspiring thing to be an American — ■ a great, a glorious thing.
When I look into the faces of my children my heart swells with ineffable pride to think that they are citizens of this mighty Repub- lic, one and indivisible, built not for a day but for all time, and destined under God to be the dominating influence of all the cen- turies yet to be, dominating not by force of arms, not by the mailed hand, but by influencing men everywhere, by the wholesomeness of our example to adopt our theory of government of the people, by the people, and for the people."
"The words of Whittier's Centennial Hymn are as true today as when he wrote them in 1876:
"Our Father's God! from out whose hand The centuries fall like grains of sand. We meet today, united, free. And loyal to our land and Thee. To thank Thee for the era done. And trust Thee for the opening one.
Gettysburg Reunion. 139
Oh, make Thou us, through centuries long, In peace secure, in justice strong; Around our gift of freedom draw The safeguards of Thy righteous law; And, cast in some diviner mold, Let the new cycle shame the old."
In introducing the next speaker. Governor. James B. Mc- Creary of Kentucky, Governor Tener said:
"I have not the least doubt but that every State In the Union is represented here. Also, that these representatives desire the Gov- ernors of their respective States, if present, be heard. I am going to call on each of the Governors therefore, and the first one is the Governor from one of the Southern States — one who served in the Confederate Army — Governor James B. McCreary, of the Eleventh Kentucky Cavalry, the Governor of the Commonwealth of Kentucky."
Governor McCreary then said:
"My Comrades of the Confederate Army, my friends and veterans of the Federal Army, His Excellency, the Governor of Pennsylvania, Vice-President, Speaker of the House of Representatives, Ladies and Gentlemen and fellow citizens: I gives me pleasure to be here to- day in obedience to an Act of the General Assembly of the Common- wealth of Kentucky which authorized the appointment of a Commis- sion to attend the celebration of the Fiftieth Anniversary of the Battle of Gettvsburg. As a Southern Governor, as a member of the United Confederate Veterans' Association, I earnestly and heartily unite with the representatives of the Grand Army of the Republic in the hope that this Great Reunion will mark the final and complete reconciliation of all who belonged to the opposing armies of the Civil War of fifty years ago.
I am filled with emotion as I look upon survivors of the armies of the Civil War and remember that here, at Gettysburg, was fought one of the greatest and most decisive battles of the Civil War.
We are not here with battle flags, charging brigades, roaring can- non, rattling musketry, and dead and dying soldiers, but we are here with friendship and fraternity, good will and glorious peace. A half century has made those who wore the Blue and those who wore the Gray stand together as friends, and behold the Bow of Peace and Promise in the sky, and look with pleasure upon the flag of our country, as it presents the stars of Re-United States and represents reunited people.
This is a glorious reunion, and He who said, "On earth, peace good will toward men" will bless and approve of this reunion.
The Battlefield of Gettysburg is immortal. Here for three days two great armies wrestled over hill and plain in terrific conflict. Here is the fartherest northern point to which Confederate armies ever marched. Here Union soldiers and Confederate soldiers, by their"
140 Gettijsbttrg Reunion.
"bravery, self-sacrifice and endurance won the admiration of the world. Here three great lessons were taught: First, that the Union shall be preserved; second, that the States have rights which must be maintained; and third, in the words of the great statesman and martyr, Abraham Lincoln, at Gettysburg, "That the nation shall, under God, have a new birth of freedom, and that the government of the people, by the people, and for the people, shall not perish from the earth."
I traveled over the battleground of Waterloo twice. I was not so impressed by that battlefield as I was last Monday when I traveled over this battlefield. As you pass over this the history of the battle is written on many monuments. As you go over this great battle- field you are reminded of the courage of the Federal soldier and the courage of the Confederate soldier. You are Impressed with the fact that there are no greater soldiers on earth than are found in the United States of America. The battlefield of Waterloo was ter- rible, and it appeared as a great battlefield from which great results came and there it stopped. The battlefield of Gettysburg appears as one of the greatest battlefields of which there is a record in history, but it don't stop there. Grander than any other scene that ever oc- curred in the United States is the scene that we are witnessing to- day when thousands of people come from all the States to advance the cause of peace and fraternity and friendship. I was touched as I went over this battlefield, and in all the history of the world there is no such picture. On Seminary Heights is the uncompleted statue of General Robert E. Lee who was the Commander-in-Chief of the Confederate Armies — ^one of the greatest Generals that ever lived in the world. In another part of the battlefield, on Cemetery Hill, is the equestrian statue of General Meade, the general who was the Commander-in-Chief of the Federal Army at the battle of Gettysburg. There we have, as it were, today the silent, the mute, statues of the great leaders on both sides as if they looked upon this grand scene and approved of reconciliation and fraternity, and desired that friendship should be restored between the North and the South.
We may properly apply to the soldiers of both armies the words of Pericles, pronounced in memory of the Athenians who fell in the Samian War. He said: "They are immortal, and from the honors they received and the happiness they enjoyed, we conclude they are immortal; and every soldier who dies for his country is entitled to be honored.
There are no more patriotic people at the present time than Con- federate veterans. They are today as patriotic and loyal as the men who carried the "Stars and Stripes" during the Civil War. Reconcilia- tion and patriotism were both shown when the tocsin of war was sounded a few years ago, at the beginning of the Spanish-American War, and former Confederate soldiers and sons of Confederate soldiers enlisted and helped to carry the "Stars and Stripes" to victory, on land and sea, and, if needed, Confederate soldiers, and sons of Confed- erate soldiers would again show their patriotism in the same way."
SPEAKERS. GOVERNORS' DAY.
JULY 3, 1913.
(1) HON. JAMESB. MCCREARY, GOVERNOR OF KENTUCKY <_•) HON. WILLIAM SULZER, GOVERNOR OF NEW YORK. Cjl HON. WM. HODGES MANN, GOVERNOR OF VIRGINIA. (U HON. JAMES M. COX. GOVERNOR OF OHIO.
SPEAKERS, GOVERNORS' DAY, JULY 3, 1913.
(1) HON. SIMEON E. BALDWIN, GOVERNOR OF CONNECTICUT. (2) HON. ALLEN M. FLETCHER, GOVERNOR OF VERMONT. (3) HON. L.B. HANNA, GOVERNOR OF NORTH DAKOTA. U) HON. CHARLES R. MILLER, GOVERNOR OF DELAWARE.
Gettysburg Reunion. 141
The scenes and incidents, cares and conflicts, toils and trials of the Civil War are now in the past, but there remains not only the momery of valor and victories, of sacrifices and successes, of brave men and splendid women, but also the consolation that Confederates have submitted, in good faith, to the results of the Civil War, have helped to change desolate places into happy homes, have aided in substituting peace and prosperity for wreck and ruin, and have done their duty in making the Southern States, in progress and develop- ment, in agriculture, in manufacture, in educational facilities and in industrial achievements, forge to the front and attract the at- tention and win the admiration of the civilized world.
Time has assuaged the hostilities and smoothed the asperities of the Civil War, and those who were Confederate soldiers and those who were Federal soldiers sit side by side in Congressional Halls and in the highest Judicial Courts, and are often partners in busi- ness. We find men who were partners in business that belonged to the different armies, and we find, too, that the young Southern man has met the lovely girl of the North and taken her unto himself for his wife, and that is a mighty good way to have reconciliation. We find also that the Northern man has come down to the South and married the black-eyed beauties of the Southern States. No man knows better than I do. I have but one son and he fell in love with a daughter of a Brigadier Generlal of the Federal army who in battle was twice wounded. My son married the daughter of General New- berry, of Illinois. He has been blessed, and I have been blessed, with two handsome bright eyed children, and half the blood of these two children is Confederate blood and half of it is Federal blood. I don't know which is the better. My friends, my own opinion is that it has been purified by being mixed.
An ex-Confederate soldier, Honorable Edward J. White, is Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, and another Con- federate soldier, Honorable Horace H. Lurton, is an Associate Justice of that court. Still another ex-Confederate soldier. Honorable Jacob M. Dickerson, was Secretary of War during nearly all of Taft's term as President; and I thank God that I lived long enough to vote, in the Senate of the United States, to return the captured Confederate flags to the regiments and companies who loved them and who foug?[it under them, and that I also voted to appropriate money and authorize the appointment of a Confederate officer to collect the remains of Con- federate soldiers, buried in Northern graves, and to mark their flnal resting places with appropriate headstones. But the great and crowning act, which I will never forget, was that I had the honor to help place the statue of Robert E. Lee, the great general of the Civil War, in Statuary Hall in the Capitol Building at Washing- ton, with the statues of the most distinguished sons of the Republic, and by the side of the statue of George Washington, our first Presi- dent.
While those of us who were soldiers when the battle of Gettysburg was fought will always remember the glory and the gloom of that"
142 Gettyshurg Reunion.
"period, we may well thank God, today, that the benediction of peace and reconciliation spreads over our great Republic, and we realize that the immortal words now most conspicuous are, "One country, one constitution, one. flag, and one destiny."
Governor Tener in presenting Governor Sulzer, of New York, said:
"Ladies and Gentlemen, since this Reunion is held upon Keystone State soil, naturally the veterans from this Commonwealth are more numerous than from the other States, yet there are today thousands upon thousands of veterans from the Empire State of New York, and at this time I desire to introduce their Governor, the Honorable William Sulzer."
Governor Sulzer then spoke as follows:
"My friends, we meet on the far-famed field of Gettysburg, dedi- cated to the freedom of man, consecrated to the perpetuity of a reunited Country, and memorable, forever, in the illustrious pages of our glorious history. No pen, no tongue, no brush, can ever picture or describe the scenes enacted on this field.
Gettysburg is fame's eternal camping ground — an inspiration and a shrine — the epic poem of the Union — sacred to the heroic men, living and dead, whose struggle here made Gettysburg immortal, and hallowed this ground for all the centuries yet to come.
All honor and all glory to the men, from upland and from lowland, that met here to do or die for Country. Their fame is secure. Their memory will endure. Their deeds shall never be forgotten.
Fifty years ago. Great Captains, with their men in Blue and Gray — the bravest of the brave, from North and South, that ever faced a foe — struggled here and there across this plain, amid the roar of cannon, for three long weary days, in the mightiest contest that ever shook our land; and in that clash of steel, and by the trial of battle, it was decided, then and here, that all men must be free, and that the Republic of the Fathers shall not perish from the earth.
Half a century has come and gone since that terrific confiict, but the intervening years have only added greater splendor to the sac- rifice sublime, and a grander glory to the victory triumphant.
History tells us truly that on this field was fought the decisive battle of the war between the States; that it was here the flood tide of the fate of Union — of all that we are, and all that we hope to be — turned toward Old Glory; that it was here the triumph of the Stars and Stripes, over the Stars and Bars, saved from dissolution the greatest Republic the sun of, noon has ever seen; and that the valor, and the heroism, and the devotion, and the chivalry here displayed, by the men of Lee and the men of Meade will live throughout the years of time, the heritage of all in the song and story of America."
^tSolfii
Gettysburg Reunion. 143
In introducing the next speaker, Governor Tener, said: —
"Ladies and Gentlemen, I take special pleasure in presenting the next speaker. I desire to say in explanation, and not in apology however, that this Governor is somewhat weakened by reason of a physical operation which he underwent a few weeks ago. His voice, therefore, is not very strong, nor will his speech be long. He is a man, however, who has endeared himself to each of you. He is the Chief Executive of the old Dominion State, the Governor of Vir- ginia, William Hodges Mann."
Governor Mann responded as follows:
"Comrades: I feel that I can call you comrades whether from '61 to '65 you wore the Blue or the Gray, but before I say anything, I wish to thank Governor Tener, and, through him, the great Com- monwealth of Pennsylvania on behalf of the Virginians who have at- tended this celebration, and I believe, on behalf of everybody else, for the splendid hospitality we have received. I desire to congratu- late the men who have had charge of this camp and these arrange- ments. They have shown wonderful ability and forethought, have anticipated every one of our wants. They have even had Boy Scouts provided for us, and we have only had to express a wish to have these gallant, nimble young men execute it. I believe that the men who have had charge of these arrangements if there should be another war, which I trust will not happen, should be in charge of the Commissary and Quartermaster Depart- ments of the United States Government. I thank the State of Penn- sylvania, but the State of Pennsylvania owes us something. We came here in 1863. It is true, we didn't have any invitation but we were just as much American citizens then as we are now, and we thought we could come upon the territory of a sister State, and then we needed something to keep us going.
I don't think that it will be disputed at this day, that when the Con- federate soldiers crossed the Potomac they had been accustomed to certain things, and when a man is accustomed to a ration every two and a half days, and" then only receives an ear of yellow corn, and has to roast that himself, you may understand that he needs things to eat, and we came here to get them. We found very much to our dismay an organized opposition with that splendid officer. Gen- eral Meade, at the head, and then we tested the merits and the courage of our fellow American soldiers. In tlie language of Ran- som: "The troops of Pickett flanked by Pettigrew and Wilcox marched up Cemetery Hill and there meeting foemen worthy of their steel, fell back with the roar of broken waters." Are we go- ing to say that the men who met the charge on top of the hill were not brave men? They defeated our charge. Are you who were at the crest of that hill, going to say that the men who swept over that cornfield for a mile in the face of your cannon and rifles were not brave men? If you do, you destroy the glory of your own"
144 Gettysburg Reunion.
"achievement. We are not here to discuss the Genesis of the war, but men wlio liave tried eacli otlier in tlie storm and smoke of battle are here to discuss this great fight which if it didn't es- tablish a new standard of manhood came up to the highest standard that was ever set. We came here I say, not to discuss what caused the war from 1861 to 1865, but to talk over the events of the bat- tle here as man to man and as comrade to comrade, to shake hands as brothers and to recognize in each the splendid courage displayed upon this remarkable field of battle and to remember the words of President Lincoln, who said: "That we cannot consecrate, that we cannot dedicate, that we cannot hallow this ground. It has been consecrated by the struggles of men, living and dead, so that our poor efforts can neither add to or detract." Did Mr. Lincoln make any distinction between the Blue and the Gray? No. He said: "The men wlio struggled here, living and dead." Suppose he could come back on this memorable occasion. Suppose the then President of these United States, respected and beloved in the South as in the North, could come back here and see what is going on, how his patriotic heart would swell with pleasure when he saw the Blue and Gray mingling as they are today as friends and comrades. My friends, I have recently undergone a surgical operation because I wanted to demonstrate that I was keeping up with the procession, and I will not attempt a long speech on this occasion, but will say a few words in regard to the Commonwealth I represent. From the time the Government was constituted and before, you will not find any State that has contributed more to the formation of or glory of our country. I am not going to forget the years 1861 to 1865, because they are the years which have made history and tradition for us. We ought not to forget them. We ought to forget the animosity; we ought to forget the hard feelings, but we ought to remember the courage, the glorious self-sacrifices and the splendid strategy which were shown by American soldiers on twenty-two hundred and twenty- one fields of battle fought between 1861 and 1865. Of these twenty- two hundred and twenty-one fights, in each of which, let me say, more than five hundred men were engaged on each side, more than one-fourth of them were fought in the Commonwealth of which I have the honor to be the Chief Executive. We knew what was going to happen when we declined to furnish our quota of seventy thousand men called for by President Lincoln. We knew what we had to meet, but when Virginia feels she is right, she is willing to face all hazards and consequences. At that time she was right, and in 1863 she mani- fested this conviction by having upon this field of battle 19,600 men; that she unites from the very bottom of her heart in this splendid movement of reconciliation, is evidenced by her having here today thirty-five hundred old Confederate veterans. We remember the words of President Lincoln, and rejoice in our Government by the people, for the people and of the people. We believe that this is the greatest country and the greatest government that the sun of Heaven shines on today. We believe that we are setting an example"
o >
1^
> a-
^1
Gettijshurg Reunion. 145
for the whole world, and that the principle upon which this gov- ernment is based is the true principle, and will sooner or later be followed by every civilized nation. We are rejoicing that our Gov- ernment has established for itself high ideals of truth, justice and rights; that in this year of grace nineteen hundred and thirteen, men of every class have their rights respected and no man, however great, is entitled to special privileges. We have come back to the principles of the fathers. Let me say that we of the South have shown our true patriotism in the Spanish War, and have taught the world that Americans of every section will stand together. I don't think we will have another Civil War, not only because of the good feeling existing, but because all of us have had enough of it. This was illustrated at the battle of Gettysburg on the fourth day. Lee didn't attack Meade, and when Lee moved towards the Potomac, Meade didn't attack Lee. There has been fighting enough. There- fore, I say, fellow citizens, that we are not going to have another Civil War. We have tested the courage and strength and ability of each other and stand today as American Brethren. Let me tell you another thing that you will recognize as true; that if we had known each other as well in 1861 as we do now, that war would have been impossible.
In conclusion, I think you will bear me out when I say that old Virginia is a conservative State; careful to reach conclusions, and when she does reach them she pledges for the performance of her promises, her money, her sons, and her sacred honor and, thank God, she has never violated a pledge. Standing here before this splendid audience of American citizens, I want to pledge for my Commonwealth, and I feel that I have the right to do it because I know the sentiments of the people of the State, — that we will follow the Flag of the Union wherever it goes. If during my administra- tion I know, and during the administration of any Governor of the old Commonwealth who succeeds me, I believe, that if the Presi- dent of the United States shall call for troops to carry our flag wher- ever the Congress of the United States may think it ought to go, that the men of Virginia will respond, that the sons of the old State will gladly form a part of the Army of the Union. Now, my friends, I just want to ask you a question. Are you willing that Virginia should have all the glory of Washington? Are you willing for us to have Madison and Jefferson and Monroe? (cries through the audi- ence of "No, no, no.") fou are right, they were born on our soil but they are Americans. That is the answer. They are American citizens and every State in this Union has a part in the reputation, the history and achievements of these great men. And so it should be with the men on both sides who distinguished themselves during the Civil War. We should admire their courage, rejoice in their ability and be proud of their achievements without regard to the States from which they came or the uniform they wore. I have welcomed people from the North, East and West to Virginia because"
146 Getty sttirg Reunion.
"we liked them to come, and we desire every citizen of the United States to feel that while Virginia may not be the State of his birth that in a sense it is his State, and every American is entitled to come to the old Commonwealth to share its tradition and history because he is an American citizen and has the right to go to every State of the Union because it is a part of our coinmon country. I believe in the rising generation. I believe in the boys and girls of America. I know that another Civil War will never happen, but I know also that if we have to call for troops to repel a foreign enemy that our sons will meet them at the gate, and I believe that they will be as true and brave, as self-sacrificing and devoted as their fathers ever were. When I have said that, I have said the last word."
Governor Tener then presented Governor Cox, of Ohio, saying:
"We are glad to note the evidence of Governor Mann's speedy recov- ery. Now, we are to hear from some four or five Governors who will speak until four o'clock at which time this Great Tent has been engaged by others. I am going to ask the remaining speakers to be brief and consider those who will follow them. Nor will I take up their time by any lengthy introductions. I will now present the Governor of Ohio, my old friend in Congress, the Honorable James S. Cox."
Governor Cox then spoke as follows : —
"Governor Tener, honored guests and members of the great re- united American Army; there were two States in the North that furnished more troops in the conflict at Gettysburg than Ohio, but the Commonwealth which gave birth to Grant, and Sherman and Sheridan yields to no State, North or South, in the contribution which she is making today in the good and well rounded measure of good will to this the most stupendous human event in all the history of the world. Fifty years ago, Ohio sent her robust youth of her communities into the roaring hell of battle; today she sends a chivalric band of old heroes to the sacred shrine of peace. For a half of century we have seen the pride we feel in the bravery of our legion soldiers, but in the centuries to come, countless generations by poetry and song will raise in the imagination of ages the Gettys- burg event of 1913, as far above the Gettysburg event of 1863 as love transcends hate and as the dignity of peace towers over the head of passion. We stand today upon the great battlefield, besides the regimental shafts and monuments which sanctify the spots made memorable by our brave soldiers. We share with our sister States in the fields, the meadows and woods enriched and bathed by the young blood of our great State. I hazard the hope that this is the be- ginning of a broader national impulse. You boys of the Blue and the Gray, long years ago entrenched yourselves forever in the effections of your respective States but today you have passed into the great World Hall of Fame, there to have your names inscribed, the "Blue"
Gettysburg Reunion. 147
"and the "Gray," the "Yank" and the Johnnie," to be revered as long as time endures. Speaking as I do for the younger generation, I feel as. never before, the honor of having sprung from a generation su- perb in war, unmatched in peace. I want to tell the members of the Blue and the Gray a short story of a day in Congress. The Pen- sion Bill was under consideration. Governor Tener, the gallant young Governor who has handled this great event with such rare judgment and executive force was there; Governor Sulzer of New York was there; Governor Hanna-, of North Dakota, was there; Gov- ernor Robinson, now Senator Robinson of Arkansas, was there. An amendment was made striking out that part of the bill which said, that the soldier deriving a specified pension would not be eligible to be taken into the National Military Home. That amendment was offered because of the thought that a man who fought to defend the principle in which he believed was entitled to treatment in the Gov- ernment Home regardless of how much money he received. The vote was close because it was considered almost party irregularity to vote any amendment into the Sherwood Bill. We needed votes and we turned to the Southern members of Congress to get them. I exhibited that day a yellow piece of paper on the floor of Congress reciting to the Southern members its history in a few words. Soldiers in Day- ton, Ohio, the National Home, contributed funds to furnish an apartment for the Confederate Home at Richmond. I asked an old hero of the Blue how that was possible. He pulled this yellow piece of paper out of his pocket and said, "Here is the answer." Upon it were the dying words of Robert E. Lee and of the gallant Gordon of Georgia, Lee saying to his children "I want my children and my children's children to subscribe to one flag and one country. The old flag is dearer to me than ever. The red stripes are redder because they are bathed in Northern as well as Southern blood. The stars are brighter because of the emblem of the bravery of the North and the valor of the South." We appealed to the chivalry of the Southern members of Congress and they saved the bill. May I not now as the Executive of a sovereign State of the North indulge the hope that upon this occasion there be inaugurated a movement which will turn over to invalid Confederate soldiers the National Soldiers' Home at Johnson City, Tennessee, the only institution of this kind on Southern soil, and to have there the kindly administration of a great Government, demonstrating the genuiness of this great day to the heroes of the North and the South who are now at the Great Divide, sitting at the sunset, waiting for the sun to go down, silhouetted on the evening skies? We see couriers arm in arm, the Blue and the Gray entering the shadows of the great Unknown. Be- fore it is too late, my friends, let us give to them a message to Lincoln, to Grant, to Lee, to Johnston and to Sheridan, that the two armies have achieved their greatest victory and that one flag is sheltering now a reunited Republic."
10
148 Gettysburg Reunion.
Governor Tener in presenting Governor Baldwin of Connecti- cut said: —
"We have heard from the States bounding Pennsylvania as well as from Kentucky, but not from dear old New England, and I am going to ask Governor Baldwin, of Connecticut, to now address you."
Governor Baldwin then spoke as follows: —
"Your Excellency, Mr. Vice-Presi5ent and fellow citizens. The His- tory of the United States might well be divided into three parts. The period from the first settlements in the old Domnion down to the beginning of the Civil War should be chapter one, and chapter two should be the Civil War, and chapter three from the date of the end of the Civil War until now. The Civil War I say should be the sec- ond chapter, and the center of that chapter should be Gettysburg. She has two titles to it. One is the great battle, the survivors ^f which are represented here; the other is that immortal oration that Lincoln delivered here on a great occasion. I had the pleasure of listening this morning to the story of a Connecticut soldier who stood by Lincoln when he pronounced that Gettysburg address. He gave that address with a scrap of paper in his hand at which he hardly looked. Lincoln said in a few words all that an American could say in reviewing the second chapter of American history. The mystic chords of memory to which our great President alluded have been touched. This audience shows it. With the mingling of the Blue and the Gray the country feels it. The battle of Gettysburg and the words of Lincoln made a turning point not simply in American history but in the history of free institutions the world over. They showed that liberty was indeed never to perish from the earth; but to flourish adorned with new blossoms as time went on, every one of them a tribute to American valor and patriotism."
Governor Tener then introduced Governor Eberhart of Minne- sota, saying: —
"The next speaker is the Governor from one of the Northwestern States, Governor Eberhart, of Minnesota."
To which Governor Eberhart replied as follows: —
"Your Excellency, as I sat on this platform, I could not help but feel what an indescribable pleasure there must come to the Vice- President of the United States and the Speaker of the House of Rep- resentaitves after having watched Congress for so many weeks and months to come to this large gathering and look into the faces of so many honest people. I want it to be strictly understood that my meaning is, there are more people here than in Congress. That is why there are more honest people here. I can readily understand how they must suffer here in this intense heat working as they are and they are not responsible for the conditions they have to contend"
SPEAKERS, GOVERNORS' DA^ JULY 3. 1913.
(1) HO N. PHILLIPS LEE GOLD SBO ROUGH, GOVERNOR OF MARYLAND C^lHON SAMUEL M. RALSTON, GOVERNOR OF INDIANA. <:'.) H O N . W 1 L LI A M T HAINs' GOVERNOR OF MAINE. (4) HON. JAMES F. FIELDER. ACTING GOVERNOR OF NEW JERSEY. <5) HON. ADO LPHO.EBERHART, GOVERNOR OF MINNESOTA
GOVERNORS, GUESTS ON GOVERNORS' DAY, JULY 3, 1913.
U) HON. ROSWELL B. BURCHARD, LIEUT. GOVERNOR OF RHODE ISLAND.
Speaker on military day, July 2d, 1913. t2i hon. Samuel d. felker,'
GOVERNOR OF NEW HAMPSHIRE. (3) HON. ERNEST LISTER, GOVERNOR OF
Washington. i4) Hon. g eorge W. clar ke, Gover nor of I ov^a. (5i Hon. Francis e.mcgovern. governor of Wisconsin.
Gettysburg Reunion. 149
"against. Those large buildings in New York City are so tall and the streets are so narrow that it is said two bankers or railroad presidents cannot meet without forming a combination, and • ever since that time Congress has been busy to dissolve those trusts and combinations into constituent elements, such as gas and water and indigestible securities. We are glad to be here; we are glad to rep- resent the State of Minnesota on this occasion. We have four hun- dred veterans in your tented city, and if any one tells you that our Southern brothers cannot shoot you come to Minnesota and we will testify to that fact. We had one regiment that was pitted against them and in a few minutes they lost eighty-three per cent, of the command. This was the record when the roll was called. You will remember fifty years ago when you left your homes you were sing- ing: "Farewell Mother, you may never claps me to your heart again, but you will not forget me. Mother, if I am numbered with the slain."
When one hundred and fifty thousand met at Gettysburg and one- third of that number were slain, you realized those that were left with your mother, never forgot the States and the Nation, never have since forgotten and cannot afford to forget hereafter. If there is anything that this great gathering teaches us, it is that you and I might consecrate our lives to the service of the past as you have served us in war. I have traveled in the Southland where the sweet magnolias bloom. I have traveled in the West, in a garden of roses, kissed by the waves of the Pacific and guarded by the giant Rockies, but no greater flower exists today than this great flower of chivalry representing the Southern and Northern homes. This morning, I listened to the singing of a thousand or more birds, singing the praises of their Creator. I think this is a sweeter harmony than that. Sweeter as a blending, better than the bells of Heaven and the chimes of the angels — ^this harmony of one hundred million American hearts that beat as one."
Governor Tener presented Governor Hanna of North Dakota, saying:
"Among the very many who have in former days lived in Penn- sylvania and left to take up their homes in other States there to make for themselves a name and hold a high place, is the Governor of North Dakota, Mr. Hanna, whom I now introduce."
Governor Hanna responded by saying: —
"Your Excellency, I hardly know how Governor Tener could mix up a North Dakotan with a North Carolianian. (Governor Tener had in- advertently said "North Carolina" but immediately corrected it to "North Dakota.")
Governor Tener: "It's a pretty hot day. Governor.''
150 Gettysburg Reunion.
Governor Hanna resumed:
"Governor Tener says it is a pretty hot day and he is right. I came down here sixteen hundred miles with one hundred and sixty "kids." They only average seventy years of age. There has not been a sick man among them. That is the kind of people we have out in North Dakota. I believe every one of those who are here will go away from this gathering the better because of this gathering. There has never been a time in all the history of this country since the Civil War like this to bring men together from the North and the South. A little while ago in one of the Northern States, a Confederate soldier died. He was buried by one of the Grand Army Posts in a Grand Army Cemetery ,and when the Commander of the Post made the oration over that Confederate soldier's grave, he said: "We cannot understand why this man fought for the "Stars and Bars," while we fought for the "Stars and Stripes," but it is enough to know that each man fought for the right, as God gave him to see the right, and now in the spirit of charity and fraternity we lay him to rest, the Gray beside the Blue, in this city of the silent dead, but let us trust that in the clearer light beyond where all misunderstandings are wiped away, where all dissensions are effaced, where all doubts are solved, that there the Blue and the Gray may meet and greet each other as friends and brothers."
Friends, that is exactly what has happened on this battlefield of Gettysburg. Men of the South and men of the North have met here in the living and in person as friends and brothers. To us this meeting and these greetings are an inspiration, and to the future it is "Hope."
Governor Tener introduced Governor Miller of Delaware, say- ing:—
"The Executive of one of the smaller States in the East is present. That is , a State small in area and in population but big in patriotism — the State which was the first to accept the provisions of the Consti- tution— the State of Delaware. I take pleasure in introducing Gov- ernor Miller."
Governor Miller then addressed the audience as follows: —
"Your Excellency, honored guests, ladies and gentlemen and com- rades; I am prouder today to be an American citizen than at any time before in my life; proud that we have such a magnificent Com- monwealth as Pennsylvania in the galaxy of States, so generous as to take us all into her hospitality. I am proud that so many States in the Union have sent such a magnificent representation to be present on this occasion which I believe will go down in history as the great- est gathering the world has ever seen representing the sentiment which it does. The Governor has been kind enough to refer to my having the honor of representing next to the smallest State in the"
Gettyshurg Reunion. 151
Union. I have always felt somewhat jealous of Rhode Island, be- cause it is a great satisfaction to have the distinction of being "it," but not next to "it," but when I go up into Rhode Island they are so hospitable there that I forget my resentment on that account. When the war broke out, the State of Delaware had but very few inhabit- ants compared with other States, but I am proud to say that down on this avenue only a few yards from here, where the gallant Southern veterans of Pickett's brigade were checked, stands the monument to the First Delaware regiment, and every man of that regiment gave a good account of himself that day. I have seen some who fought in that regiment down on that avenue today. The State of Delaware has one distinction: Being the first State to cast the very first vote for the Declaration of Independence. It sent the first organized military regiment, eight hundred strong to fight in the Revolutionary War for freedom and on the seventh day of Decem- ber, 1787, it was the first State to adopt the Constitution of these United States, and I am mighty glad to say to you that this great Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, represented here by her splendid Gov- ernor, followed five days later, on the twelfth of December. I can- not express to you, my comrades, what a gratification it is to witness this fraternal feeling — to know that we are all Americans once again. I have one incident I would like to relate to you and then I will con- clude, because I don't want to take a minute of your time longer than I should. Shortly after the Spanish War ended, it was my pleasure to dine with Captain Clark, the commander of that magnifi- cent battleship, the Oregon, which came from the Pacific Coast by way of Cape Horn, to fight the Spanish fieet. A gentleman sitting at the table said to Captain Clark, "Captain, you were unattended when your vessel came round the Cape. Did you not expect to meet the Spanish fieet at any time with its numerous battleships; did not your men feel nervous? Did you have trouble to maintain discipline?" That splendid old Sea Dog turned around and said: "Why, no; they were American."
Governor Tener tlien introduced Governor Haines of Maine, saying:
"Since the opening of these exercises two other Governors have ap- peared and I have prevailed upon them to say a word or two. I in- troduce the Governor of the Old Pine Tree State, Governor Haines, of Maine."
Governor Haines then spoke as follows: —
"Your Excellency: I have sat here, listening to the remarks from the Governors of the different States and hearing the introduc- tions at the beginning and wondering whether I should come within the time before four o'clock or not, and when the hour had passed and I was not up, I supposed I would not be called, but as you have called me I thought what can I say in so brief a time for my State."
152 Getti/shurg Reunion.
"I happened to think that fifty years ago when Lincoln needed an assistant, when a man was needed to run with him on the great wave of emancipation, there came from my State the great Hannibal Ham- lin, as the Vice-President. In later days when these matters were to be adjusted, when the nation needed a cool, calm headed man of dis- tinction and judgment, we had a William K. Fessenden. Had I time, I might say many things about the history of my State in connection with the great conflict as the other distinguished Governors have done before me, but I have not had the time to prepare. Had I taken the time, I could show how from down there in the Northeast corner of this country we sent as famous men as were sent by any State in the Union. They were here on the field of Gettysburg, par- ticularly the Twentieth Maine and the First Battery, and we have in that tented field yonder over four hundred of those men who were among those in this great human conflict. As I rode over that field to-day, it occurred to me that fifty years ago was the saddest and most sorrowful day in American history, and as I went down through its tented field and met and saw the Blue and the Gray shaking hands with expressions of fraternity and love upon their faces, I said "To- day is the greatest day of sunshine and happiness that has ever shown upon American soil."
Governor Tener then introdnced Governor Ealston of Indiana :
"Ladies and Gentlemen, I take pleasure in introducing Governor Ralston, of Indiana."
To Avhicli introduction Governor Ealston responded as follows :
"Mr. Chairman, survivors of the Battle of Gettysburg, and fellow citizens, I have been admonished that I am to speak but two min- utes to you, but I am glad of the opportunity to address a word of greeting for even two minutes to this magnificent assembly of American citizens. I hail from a State of Vice-Presidents (looking at Vice President Marshall). I hail from a State that gave to this Republic one of its really great Presidents in the person of Benjamin Harrison. I hail from a State that furnished as brave and courageous soldiers to fight the battles of their country as any State in the Union. As I said yesterday, more than five hundred of those Indiana soldiers are here on this occasion, but they are not here to boast of possessing virtues superior to the virtues of others who participated in this great confiict. They are not here to compare notes to determine which was the bravest or had the greatest endurance, but they are here to enter into a friendly rivalry to do more in the future if they can , than any other State in the Union to make this a better Government. I came here, I think, a good American, but God knows I shall return from this immortal battlefield a better American than I had ever expected to be. I knew something of the history of the battle fought here, of course, but I never as fully appreciated it and as fully understood it as I have been able to do during the past three days in viewing these"
Gettysburg Reunion. 153
"once bloody fields in company with old soldiers. My countrymen, we have the best Government in the world. This great gathering will make it a better one still. I want to see it become so good that every man can look upon it and behold it not as his master but as his servant. I want it to be so good that every man in it will be recognized as the brother of every other man under the Flag. I want tranquility to be everywhere in evidence. I want it to be so good that peace will brood over the entire land. I want the spirit of brotherhood to flow on and on without running counter, my country- men, to the eternal laws of truth and justice."
Governor Tener closed the meeting with the following re- marks : — -
"At this time and at this hour (4.00 o'clock P. M.) the Great Tent in which you are assembled has been engaged by one of the States in which to hold a Reunion and we will now, that all of the Governors have been heard and the time has arrived, conclude the afternoon's meeting, but just before you go I want to say, in behalf of Pennsylva- nia, that we do thank you for your presence here and the compliment you have done the speakers by your attendance. You have been invited to come to Gettysburg; to come in the Blue or in the Gray and to bring with you the Stars and Bars or the Stars and Stripes. You have come, and Pennsylvania's greatest reward will be a knowledge of your enjoyment while here. Tomorrow morning at 11 o'clock in this Great Tent, the President of the United States will be here. I know the bare announcement means the holding capacity of this Great Tent will be taxed to greet and to bear the Chief Executive of the Na- tion. I would like to extend special thanks to those to whom Penn- sylvania is indebted for the helpfulness that has been here rendered, and especially do I desire to here and now thank the organization of the Boy Scouts for what they have done."
The band played ''America," when the audience was dis- missed.
Following these services, the State of New York was then given the use of the entire Great Tent to there conduct its Commemorative Services. Starting promptly at 4:30 o'clock, witli General Horatio C. King, of New York, presiding, a most interesting programme was proceeded with until 6 o'clock, as f olloAvs : —
Gettyshurg Reunion. 153
"once bloody fields in company with old soldiers. My countrymen, we have the best Government in the world. This great gathering will make it a better one still. I want to see it become so good that every man can look upon it and behold it not as his master but as his servant. I want it to be so good that every man in it will be recognized as the brother of every other man under the Flag. I want tranquility to be everywhere in evidence. I want it to be so good that peace will brood over the entire land. I want the spirit of brotherhood to flow on and on without running counter, my country- men, to the eternal laws of truth and justice."
Governor Tener closed the meeting with the following re- marks : —
"At this time and at this hour (4.00 o'clock P. M.) the Great Tent in which you are assembled has been engaged by one of the States in which to hold a Reunion and we will now, that all of the Governors have been heard and the time has arrived, conclude the afternoon's meeting, but just before you go I want to say, in behalf of Pennsylva- nia, that we do thank you for your presence here and the compliment you have done the speakers by your attendance. You have been invited to come to Gettysburg; to come in the Blue or in the Gray and to bring with you the Stars and Bars or the Stars and Stripes. You have come, and Pennsylvania's greatest reward will be a knowledge of your enjoyment while here. Tomorrow morning at 11 o'clock in this Great Tent, the President of the United States will be here. I know the bare announcement means the holding capacity of this Great Tent will be taxed to greet and to bear the Chief Executive of the Na- tion. I would like to extend special thanks to those to whom Penn- sylvania is indebted for the helpfulness that has been here rendered, and especially do I desire to here and now thank the organization of the Boy Scouts for what they have done."
The band played ''America," when the audience was dis- missed.
Following these services, the State of New York was then given the nse of the entire Great Tent to there conduct its Commemorative Services. Starting promptly at 4:30 o'clock, with General Horatio C. King, of New York, presiding, a most interesting programme was proceeded with until 6 o'clock, as follows : —
154 Gettysburg Reunion.
NEW YORK VETERANS' CELEBRATION
Gettysburg, July 3rd, 1913
PROGKAMME.
Music — Citizens Band.
1. Remarks by Colonel Lewis R. Stegman, U. S. V., Chair-
man of the New York Monuments Commission, in- troducing Colonel Horatio C. King, U. S. V., the pre- siding officer.
2. Invocation, by Rev. W. S. Hubbell, D. D., Chaplain of
the Military Order of the Medal of Honor.
3. Introductory remarks by Chairman King.
4. Address — His Excellency, Hon. William Sulzer, Gover-
nor of New York.
Music — Citizens Band.
5. Oration — ^Rev. Newell Dwight Hillis, D. D., pastor of
Plymouth Church, Brooklyn.
6. Hymn — My Country, 'tis of thee, : Smith.
The audience will join in the singing.
My country, 'tis of thee, Sweet land of liberty.
Of thee I sing. Land where our fathers died, Land of the Pilgrims' pride, From every mountain side
Let freedom ring.
Our fathers' God to Thee, Author of Liberty,
To Thee we sing. Long may our land be bright With Freedom's holy light, Protect us by thy might,
Great God our King.
7. Remarks — John H. Leathers, C. S. A., Sergeant-Major
Second Virginia Infantry, Stonewall Brigade.
Gettt/shurg Reunion. 155
8. Address — Colonel Andrew Cowan, U. S. V., President
of the Society of the Army of the Potomac.
Music — "Dixie."
9. Poem — Colonel Edward Berkelem, 8th Virginia Reg-
iment, C. S. A.
10. Address— Captain Albert M. Mills, U. 'S. V., 8th N. Y.
Gamble's Brigade, Buford's Cavalry.
Music — Citizens Band.
11. Poem— "Gettysburg" (by request) Colonel Horatio C.
King, U. S. V.
12. Benediction— Reverend W. S. Hubbell, D. D.
13. Music — "Star Spangled Banner" Key.
The orator of the occasion, the Rev. Newell Dwight Hillis, D. D., delivered a notable address, which is here recorded as fol- lows : —
"Great battles, like great mountains, demand distance and perspec- tive. Travelers never understand the Alps until tliey look back from Italy. Now tbat fifty years have passed since the battle of Gettys- burg, the veterans of the Army of the Potomac have traveled far enough away to understand the place of their battle in the history of liberty. Time has cleared the sun of clouds. Students have had leisure to compare the Civil War with other great conflicts, and Get- tysburg with other decisive battles. Foreigners being the judges, Gettysburg marks the turning point in history. The historian Mommsen was not an Americn, but a German, and Mommsen thinks the Civil War was the greatest conflict in the annals of time. Green was not an American, but an Englishman-, and John Richard Green thinks Gettysburg the most momentuous battle In history. The di- mensions of the war stir a note of wonder. The battlefield was a thousand miles in length; there were 2,000,000 men in arms. More than 2,200 battles were fought; every hillside of the South was billowy with the country's dead; an army of crippled heroes came home; another army of widows and orphans went comfortless through the land. In retrospect we see that the era of the Civil War was the heroic era in our country. It was an era of intellectual giants and moral heroes. It was the era of our greatest statesmen — Webster and Calhoun; it was the era of our greatest soldiers — Grant and Sherman, Sheridan, Thomas and Meade; Lee and Stonewall Jack- son. It was the era of our greatest orators — Wendell Phillips and Henry Ward Beecher; of our greatest authors — Emerson and Whit-"
156 Gettysburg Reunion.
"tier, Longfellow and Lowell; of our greatest editors — Raymond and Greeley. It was the era of our greatest agitators — Garrison and Love- joy, and of our greatest President — the martyred Lincoln. The spec- tacle is so wonderful that the historian must make room for an Infinite God to enter the earthly scene.
The history of wars and battles is of two kinds — narrative history and philosophic history. The time for the narritive historian has passed by, and the time for the philosophic historian has fully come. Thoughtful men distinguish between the occasion of the war and the cause of the conflict. The occasion of an explosion is a spark, but the cause is in the powder and the air. The occasion of the Revolution was a ship laden with tea, sailing into Boston harbor; the cause was the determination of the Colonists to achieve self- government. The occasion of the Rebellion was slavery, but the cause of the war was the attempt to overthrow a government con- ceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are free and equal. Striking, indeed, the influence of slavery upon the life and thought of the great South. By a singular coincidence, the year 1620 brought the Mayflower and the spirit of liberty to Ply- mouth Rock, and the same month brought the slaveship to James- town, Va. It was as if the morning star of hope appeared in the sky at the self-same time that the orb of night, of blackness and death, stood on the horizon. From the beginning, the institution« and the climate of the North were unfriendly to slavery. The Puritans be- lieved that the rewards of free labor were vastly in excess of the profits derived from slave labor. In some of the Northern colonies slavery died a natural death from inanition; in others, laws were passed freeing all slaves at the end of ten years. But on account of the excessive heat of the South, white men were not equal to pro- tracted labor under the August sun. The crops of the South were cotton, tobacco and indigo, and white men were not suited to their cultivation. Meanwhile, because of her wars, England needed all her own men at home, and in vain the Southern colonies advertised in London for English labor. Then it was that slave ships were fitted out, and black men were brought from Africa to supply the Southern need. At first the profits were small, but it was soon discovered that the kidnapping and selling of slaves was a most lucrative busi- ness. Just as the gold mines of California and Australia became the basis of name and fortune to certain English families, so the slave trade furnished the wealth of estates and titles in the seven- teenth century.
In 1713 Queen Anne entered into a treaty with Portugal and Spain for a monopoly of the slave traffic. This treaty provided that Portu- gal should have exclusive right of assembling the slave gangs in the interior; that Spain should have the wholesaler's right of purchasing at the sea coast, while English ships were to have the sole right of carrying the slaves to the colonies. Between the years 1620 and 1820, it is believed that two million slaves were transported from Africa to the Southern seaports, of whom two hundred and fifty"
Gettysburg Reunion. 157
"thousand died upon the voyage. The time came when the South revolted from the traffic. Virginia passed a law fixing a time when no slave ships would be allowed to land. But the profits to the Crown were so large as to appeal to the avarice and cupidity of King George. The English King sent a warship to the mouth of the James and threatened Virginia with bombardment if the law was not rescinded.
But despite the rewards of slavery, the anti-slavery sentiment steadily grew stronger all over the South. When the first abolition meeting was held in Baltimore, in 1832, eighty-five Southern aboli- tion societies sent delegates. It was a Southerner, also, Thomas Jefferson, who made the strongest protest against slavery at the time of the Declaration of Independence. "When I remember the justice of God, I tremble for my country when I think of slavery," said the great Virginian. In the conflict the anti-slavery men were out-voted, and the provision excluding slavery from the country was lost in 1789 by a single vote. But from the very beginning lib- erty and slavery were two opposing spirits. They fought in their infancy, quarreled in their youth, and in their manhood, in 1861, entered upon a death grapple. From the beginning it was certain that the house divided against itself could not stand. That either liberty would drive slavery into the Gulf and drown it, or slavery would drive liberty into the Great Lakes and drown freedom. The country had to be all one thing, or all the other.
For 210 years liberty and slavery dwelt together in the national house, but little by little the South came to believe that slave labor was peculiarly fitted to their intense heat of the summer and to the cotton and tobacco which they cultivated. Slowly, also the Northern merchants and manufacturers came to believe that the slave labor starved manufacturing, because the slave was a poor buyer, while the free laborer, winning a high wage through his intelligence, was a good buyer of tools, books, arts, comforts, con- veniences. The South produced raw cotton, and sold that cotton in England, and received in return manufactured goods, and the South, therefore, inclined toward free trade. The North held that wealth was not in raw material, but in the amount of intelligence put into cotton, wool, brass and steel, and therefore the North was increasingly interested in manufacturing and in the development of intelligent working men. From the beginning, therefore, it was inevitable that the two theories should come into collision.
The men who set the battle in array were Webster and Calhoun. Webster said, "The Union is one and inseparable, and each State subordinate." Calhoun answered, "The State is sovereign and su- preme, and the National Government secondary." Webster believed that the Union was like the sun in the sky, and each State was a planet, revolving around the central orb. Calhoun held that each State was a planet, revolving in any orbit that suited it, and alwayfe free to break away from the other planets. Webster's favorite illus- tration was that of the human body. The whole body is supreme, and"
158 Gettysburg Reunion.
"the hand and foot are subordinate members. Calhoun answered that if Carolina was the hand or the foot, it had a right to cut itself away and leave the body to go its own way. For thirty years the discussion raged in Congress between Webster and Calhoun and Hayne.
Little by little the discussion was transferred from the Senate Chamber to the lecture platform and to the pulpit. Finally slavery became the subject of universal discussion at the fireside, in the schoolroom and on the street car and in the daily press. Agitators went up and down the land inspiring in the people the love of lib- erty; editors began to sow the land with the good seed of freedom and love of the Union. The North was turned into one vast debat- ing society. At length the voices became loud and angry. Growing more bitter, the slavery men murdered Lovejoy in Alton, 111. Wen- dell Phillips became a voice for Liberty in Faneuil Hall; Beecher sold the slave girl from Plymouth pulpit. Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote her "Uncle Tom's Cabin." Charles Sumner answered the murderous attack of Brooks with the argument that liberty was universal and slavery sectional. John Brown dropped a spark in the powder magazine at Harper's Ferry. Then Beauregard fired on the Flag at Fort Sumter. In a moment the whole North was aflame, and the movement for the Union and Liberty swept like a prairie fire across the North. In that hour the discussion between Webster and Calhoun was submitted to the arbitrament of war. At Bull Run Cal- houn's argument was in the ascendancy. At Gettysburg Webster's plea that the Union was one and inseparable seemed the stronger. At Appomattox the discussion was concluded. Then Grant and Lee, representing the North and the South, wrote with a sword dipped in blood their approval of Webster's argument that the Union was one and inseparable, and that "a government conceived in lib- erty and dedicated to the proposition that all men were free and equal, shall never perish from the earth." In retrospect, therefore, we see that the occasion of the war was slavery, but the cause of the war was the love of the Union. Slavery was a cancer that had fixed itself upon the vitals of the South, and God appointed the soldier to be the surgeon to cut away the deadly disease, that Liberty might recover her youth and beauty.
There are certain critical moments in history that are big with destiny. Perilous hours come to the individual, the city and na- tion, when everything hangs upon a single thread. That was a critical moment for Athens when her sons met the Persians at Marathon. That was a critical moment for civilization when Charles Martel met the Saracen with his polygamy and brute force. That was a critical moment for democracy when Wellington met the im- perialism of Napoleon at Waterloo. That was a critical moment for the colonies when Washington set forth from Valley Forge. Big with destiny also was that hour when Lee set the battle in array at Gettysburg. For two years the South had been uniformly vic- torious. The Army of Virginia had won a series of brilliant vie-"
i
LY 6t
• IS. Gerl. Pratt, U.
28. Genl. A. D. Williams, of Florida, Mem- ber, U. C. v., Gettysburg Commission.
Hoi C C
24. Mr;ampbell, Member, Penn-
vsburg Commission.
25. HoKon, Member, Pennsylva-
A Commission.
26. Cap Allen, Representative
39. Major John Bigelow, of Minnesota, Mem-
ber G. A. R. Gettysburg Committee.
40. Genl. Joab N. Patterson, Representative
from New Hampshire.
41. Wm. S. Grenoble, of Lebanon, Pennsyl-
vania.
Liei
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Pennsylvania s Distin
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|
1. Ell Torrance, of Minnesota. Past ommander-in-CUief, G. A. R. and hairman, (i. A. R. Gettysburg Com- ittee. |
5 |
Genl. Lewis A. Grant. Reiireseutative from Minnesota. Hon. William Sulzer, Governor of New York. |
' |
Col. Wni. } Command Col. Cola Quartern! |
|
it. Col. Andrew Berger, Aide-de-camp, aft, Governor of Pennsylvania. It. Col. David J. Davis, Adjutant ineral. Division. N. G. P. |
S. |
Lieut. Col. Oliver ^!. Hershman, Aide-de- Camp, Staff, Governor of Pennsylvania. Col. Edward deV. Morrell, Judge Advo eate General, N. G. P. |
10. 11. |
Col. Howai nance, X Lieut. Col. Camp, St |
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ii
Seated Left to Right. ., ^ „ 1. Dr. Wm. A. Granville, President, Penn- sylvania College. ^ i. ,-• „ ■' Col. William S. Clark, Representative from West Virginia.
Standing Left to Right.
1 Brig Genl. Thomas J. Stewart, the Adju- tant General of Pennsylvania.
■' Lieut. Col. Frank M. Vandhng. Quarter- master, Div., N. G. P.
3 Rev. Dr. and Capt. J. Richards Boyle, former Secretary, Pennsylvania Commis- sion.
3 Col Fred Tavlor Pusey, Assistant Adju-
, ,.^ cS:''^[f^;g^oi/'v.'iiausoh. Deputy
Quartermaster General, N. G. P.
5. Liei St
G. I.io G
1M
Gettysburg Reunion. 159
"tories. The South came to feel that Lee was invincible — the man of destiny — ^whose star could not be eclipsed.
The news that. Lee had invaded Pennsylvania sent a thrill of ter- ror across the land. On Sunday the citizens of Carlisle and Har- risburg left the churches to go forth and throw up breastworks; Philadelphia and New York were overtaken by panic. And then it was that Meade went up against Lee and his victorious host. It was an hour of destiny. Abraham Lincoln, rising from his knees in Washington, saw an Invisible Figure enter his battle scene and take charge of the hosts. It was as if the Infinite God had said to the invading wave, fretted with fire as it rolled North: "Here stay thy proud waves; thus far and no further!" From that moment the cause of Secession ebbed laway like a receding tide. Gettysburg broke the spell of Lee over the army and the South. Southern people began to lose faith in their cause.
Contrariwise, Gettysburg put new strength into the Northern sol- dier's arm, encouraged the banker to take the war bonds and fired the hearts of the farmers and the women and the workingmen, keep- ing the stuff at home that they might support the soldier boy at the front. And it is not too much to say that it was Gettysburg that enabled the North to win the victory at Appomattox.
But more striking still the influence of Gettysburg upon the at- titude of England toward the North. From the very beginning of the war, the mother land was on the side of the South and slavery. The leaders of Parliament, like Gladstone and Salisbury had in- vested in Southern bonds. Both wanted the South to succeed, that they might obtain their interest and conserve the capital. The Eng- lish patrician who believed in aristocratic government did not want the Republic and democratic institutions to succeed. Lord Macauley had prophesied the speedy smashup of the Republic. Carlyle scoffed at us, saying that our Declaration of Independence made the vote of Judas equal to the vote of Jesus. It seems strange that Carlyle could have said that the Civil War was simply the burning out of a very dirty chimney!
But if the believers in monarchy wanted the Union to go to pieces, through the successes of the South, the poor people of England wished the South to succeed for very different reasons. Several mil- lions of people in England lived on the cotton industry. Great cities like Manchester bought their raw cotton in the South, manufactured it at home, and sold the cloth in Asia. The English spinners had reached the point of starvation — their bread, crusts; their rai- ment, rags; their days, want, and their night, tears. Naturally, these working people were on the side of liberty, but starvation fronted them, and the only hope of obtaining cotton and work was in the victory of the South. When, therefore, the news of Gettys- burg reached England, Henry Ward Beecher, traveling abroad in search of health, saw that the psychological moment had come. Tak- ing advantage of Gettysburg, he began a nine days' oration, with its introduction at Manchester, its first argument at Glasgow, its sec-"
160 Gettysburg Reunion.
"ond in Edinburgh, its third in Liverpool, and its peroration in Lon- don. Statesmen and scliolars wlio were judges of oratory tell us that the world has heard no such eloquence since the day when young Demosthenes pleaded the cause of the Republic against Philip of Macedon. The London Times reported his opening speech in full, but published an editorial full of bitterness against the North, full of sympathy for slavery and secession and the South. Such was the excitement of the English people that the London Times found it necessary to publish in full Beecher's remaining speeches.
When nine days had passed, the English nation experienced a revulsion of sentiment. Queen Victoria sent for her Prime Minis- ter. A messenger was sent to Paris. George W. Smalley, the rep- resentative of the London Times, is responsible for the statement that England and France had entered into a secret compact to rec- ognize the South the following January, and that now the decision was reversed. From that hour the North had no occasion to criti- cise the attitude of England. Abraham Lincoln asked Henry Ward Beecher to lift the flag at Fort Sumter, saying that but for Beecher's speeches in England there might have been no flag to raise. Let us be just. One consideration remains to be stated. We must remember that but for Gettysburg there would have been no speeches by Beecher in England. It was the Army of the Potomac that spoke through Beecher's voice, and it was the thunder of victory after Pickett's charge that compelled England and France to stop, and to retrace their steps. For in the hour of struggle and of victory, at high water mark, it was decreed that France and England would never recognize the South, but would line themselves up with liberty and the Union.
Wonderful as was the influence of Gettysburg upon the cause of liberty and the Union, its influence upon eloquence and literature has been not less striking. It is a singular fact that the world's ex- amples of supreme eloquence are all related to battles. Our country holds only four examples of supreme eloquence — Patrick Henry at Williamsburg, Wendell Phillips at Faneuil Hall, Henry Ward Beecher in England, and Abraham Lincoln at Gettysburg. Marathon gave us Pericle's oration, the sedition of Catiline gave us the oration of Cicero, the struggle in India gave us Burke's indictment of War- ren Hastings, and the collision between Union and Secession gave us Abraham Lincoln at Gettysburg. In ranking the great men of history, Bismarck once said there are five supreme statesmen in all time. Strangely enough, it took all the other nations of the world 5,000 years to produce three of these leaders, while the young Re- public, in 100 years, produced the other two — ^Washington and Lin- coln. Great ^s has been the influence of the battle of Gettysburg, it may be doubted whether in the. long run the influence of Abraham Lincoln's speech will not prove an equally effective force upon democracy and liberty, and the destiny of the human race. The li' braries hold no story so sublime and pathetic as the story of Lin- coln. Be the reasons what they may, when the Ruler of Nations"
Pennsylvania's Memorial Badges
Gettyshurg Reunion. 161
"wishes- to secure a forward movement of society, he has passed by the king's palace in favor of tlie poor man's house. When God wished a father for the bondman, He went to a log cabin in Kentucky. Call- ing to His side heaven's favorite angel — the angel of suffering — He laid the poor man's child in the arms of the angel — and whispering "Oh, sorrow — thou best loved child of heaven and earth — take thou this child and rear him for me, and make him great. Plant his path thick with thorns, cut his little feet with sharp rocks, load his young back with heavy burdens, pull out of his arms everything that he loves, break the heart a thousand times, like a box of alabaster ointment, and when he is strong by burden -bearing, sympathetic through suffering to the sigh of any black child — ^when every foot- print up the Hills of Difficulty has been made crimson with his blood, bring him back to the throne, and with him there shall be emanci- pated 3,000,000 slaves!" That is how the great God made Abraham Lincoln to be the greatest man in the history of the Republic.
Our students today, in American colleges, translate the orations of Demosthenes against King Phillip and of Cicero against Catiline. Five thousand years from now, in Chinese universities, these stu- dents of the future may translate some oration out of English lit- erature, but the oration will not be by Burke or Fox— by Galdstone or John Bright. That which the Chinese student will trans- late into his mother tongue will be the oration of Abraham Lincoln at Gettysburg. Wonderful in its simplicity, purity and sunniness of style, it is wonderful also because of the number of mother ideas of liberty that it contains. Edward Everett's oration, three hours long, was a bushel of diamonds carefully polished. Abraham Lin- coln's ten-minute speech was a handful of seed corn that has sown the world with the harvest of liberty. Gettysburg, therefore, broke the power of Secession, and freed the slaves on the one hand. But the greatest thing about the battle of Gettysburg is the fact that it made possible the speech of Abraham Lincoln, that has changed the history of liberty for all time to come.
Let us now make a large place for the indirect influence of Get- tysburg upon the free institutions of other lands. Certainly the time has come when all the nations of the world are going to school to the young Republic. One hundred years ago. Sidney Smith scoffed at us, asking derisively, "Who reads an American book?" Now has come a time when England, has a commission of educators studying our free high school system. Think of John Milton's country going to school in educational democracy to this young Republic! Rome is 2,500 years old, but the Eternal City has sent its commission to study the liberty of this new. land. Now you have Rome — Eternal Rome — sitting at the feet of the Republic, to learn. But yesterday ours was the only Republic, arising like a new star upon the west- ern horizon. Then France turned her gaze toward the new planet, and became herself a Democracy. Now Switzerland is a Republic. Then Portugal threw off her swaddling clothes, and came out of the tomb. To all intents and purposes Holland and Denmark are"
162 Gettysburg Reunion.
"self-governing. Looking toward the Southern Cross, lo — all the gov- ernments of South America are Republics. And last February, post- poning their action until the birthday of Abraham Lincoln, four hundred millions of people in China cabled the capitals of civilized nations, saying that one-fourth of the human race had given up Autocracy, and gone over to self-government, under the influence of the Republic. The great watchwords for which Abraham Lincoln stood are Liberty, Equality, Opportunity, Intelligence, and Integ- rity. Liberty — that means political democracy, and every youth a patriot toward his country. Equality — that means no special privi- leges to elect persons or classes, but to every youth ithe right to climb as high as his industry and ability will permit. Opportunity — all the barriers in the highways that lead to the schoolhouse, to land, office and honor must be opened to washer-woman's child not less than to the banker's son. Integrity — ^^our institutions are founded upon obedience to law, and the path of law is the path to liberty.
Be the reasons what they may, there is that in the industrial, in- tellectual and political progress and good fortune of our people that has captured the imagination of foreign lands. Your foreign des- patches assert that the Emperor William of Germany, in his address made but yesterday to his people, affirmed his belief tha^t within three generations every country in Europe would have given up Autocracy, government by one; Autocracy, the government by the few; to go over to Democracy, the government by the many; and to elect their own rulers and presidents under the influence of this Republic.
But the success of this Republic and the Union was assured at Gettysburg. The defeat of the Union at high-water mark would have been the greatest disaster that ever overtook the children of men, an-d the victory at Gettysburg, safeguarding the Union made America the educator of all foreign lands, by making it certain that a government conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposi- tion that all men are created free and equal, can permanently en- dure.
Comrades and Veterans of the Army of Virginia and the Army of the Potomac: —
For all thoughtful men the great days in the history of our coun- try are that first Independence Day, when the bell rang in Inde- pendence Hall in Philadelphia, and that other July day, fifty years ago, when the Infinite God entered the earthly scene and chose both for the North and for the South, and commanded the waves of in- vasion to stay at "High-waterMark." But scarcely less significant this day and this hour! For it is to the minute just fifty years ago by the stroke of the clock since Pickett's charge came to an end. Out of sixteen thousand men, three hundred leaped over the stone wall and fell upon the bayonets and the pistols of the Union soldiers, waiting to wecome them to their graves. Busied with many things, unfortunately, the ninety-five millions of our people do not today"
Lutheran SEMiNAir
c. V.
av
, Representative from Grant, U. S. V., Rep* . . a. Commission's Keprest^sentat ; 25, Miss Elizabeth Me , Mrs. Lucy Lee Hill Macg" Addison W. Grant, 111. (Gran(
; 50, Col, Jol. Jobn B. Boyer, Staff, Gov
N. Y
Representative from Georgia;
U C v., Representative from
Qtative from Florida ; 20, Capt.
Md.; 30, Mrs. J. B. Large, Pa.;
Mrs. Klsie Singmaster Lewars,
,.'i Pickett); 46, Mr. James Long-
Stongstreet) ; 53, Col. Richard C.
162 Gettysburg Reunion.
"self-governing. Looking toward the Soutliern Cross, lo — all the gov- ernments of South America are Republics. And last February, post- poning their action until the birthday of Abraham Lincoln, four hundred millions of people in China cabled the capitals of civilized nations, saying that one-fourth of the human race had given up Autocracy, and gone over to self-government, under the influence of the Republic. The great watchwords for which Abraham Lincoln stood are Liberty, Equality, Opportunity, Intelligence, and Integ- rity. Liberty — that means political democracy, and every youth a patriot toward his country. Equality — that means no special privi- leges to elect persons or classes, but to every youth the right to climb as high as his industry and ability will permit. Opportunity — all the barriers in the highways that lead to the schoolhouse, to land, office and honor must be opened to washer-woman's child not less than to the banker's son. Integrity — ^^our institutions are founded upon obedience to law, and the path of law is the path to liberty.
Be the reasons what they may, there is that in the industrial, in- tellectual and political progress and good fortune of our people that has captured the imagination of foreign lands. Your foreign des- patches assert that the Emperor William of Germany, in his address made but yesterday to his people, affirmed his belief that within three generations every country in Europe would have given up Autocracy, government by one; Autocracy, the government by the few; to go over to Democracy, the government by the many; and to elect their own rulers and presidents under the influence of this Republic.
But the success of this Republic and the Union was assured at Gettysburg. The defeat of the Union at high-water mark would have been the greatest disaster that ever overtook the children of men, an-d the victory at Gettysburg, safeguarding the Union made America the educator of all foreign lands, by making it certain that a government conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposi- tion that all men are created free and equal, can permanently en- dure.
Comrades and Veterans of the Army of Virginia and the Army of the Potomac: —
For all thoughtful men the great days in the history of our coun- try are that first Independence Day, when the bell rang in Inde- pendence Hall in Philadelphia, and that other July day, fifty years ago, when the Infinite God entered the earthly scene and chose both for the North and for the South, and commanded the waves of in- vasion to stay at "High-waterMark." But scarcely less significant this day and this hour! For it is to the minute just fifty years ago by the stroke of the clock since Pickett's charge came to an end. Out of sixteen thousand men, three hundred leaped over the stone wall and fell upon the bayonets and the pistols of the Union soldiers, waiting to wecome them to their graves. Busied with many things, unfortunately, the ninety-five millions of our people do not today"
. AT Her BteADQXJARTERS Ldtiieran SEMI'
Ju^E 29x11 July 6Tn, 1913
Gettyshurg Reunion. 163
"understand the full significance of this Reunion. Never before in the world's history have two armies that stood over against each other like two castles with cannon shotted to the muzzle, met in friendship, good will, and with a common enthusiasm for the same Flag — when only fifty summers and winters have intervened.
Now has come a time when we are not two sections, but one na- tion. Should Northern soldiers die in this hour, until there was not one man left who struggled here, you Union men could close your eyes in happiness and peace, knowing for a certainty that every in- terest dear to this country and our Flag is safe in the hands of the Army of Virginia, and the sons and the daughters of the Old Con- federate soldiers. They, too, hate slavery with a bitter, hatred. They, too, love the Union and the Flag with an immeasurable love. If every Northern boy plays false in generations to come. Southern boys will stand true, for they have found out how slavery devastates and saps the industrial life of a people, and how liberty and union feed the vital forces of manhood. Gone, all the barriers that once separated! The last fire of hatred has died out into cold ashes. Blood has been red rain, going to the roots that feed the blossoms of the tree of lib- erty. Now the whole nation is proud — proud of the men of the Gray and the men of the Blue alike! Though you old veterans live a thousand years, you shall never witness another day like this, nor another scene so significant and so glorious. Today the whole nation is turned into a vast whispering gallery, and there is but one voice that speaks — the voice of Liberty.
Ninety-five millions of folk are we, but the nation has but one heart — and that heart is- very proud. This pilgrim host is vast and immeasurable, but it has only one thought — that the land is one, and that the Flag waves at the head of the Southern and of the Northern columns alike. It was said of that old hero, that going down into the River of Death, he came up on the other side, and that all the Hosts came out with trumpets and banners to meet him, and not until you, scarred veterans, receive your final welcome, and make your great entrance into the City Breautiful, will you know a day like this. In this hour, the pathos of your years is upon the land. Gone, your youth 'and your beauty! After four years in the army, multitudes of you came forth, shot through and through, in- valided, broken forever. And for fifty years your life has been one long Gethesemane, one black Via Dolorosa, when every day the Angel of Success offered a cup overflowing with bitterness. Now your long martyrdom is nearly over. Some of you say that you are old and broken. How can a soldier be old who has brought liberty — eternally young, eternally beautiful, into being? How can a veteran be poor, who has achieved eternal riches of freedom for all the peo- ple of the earth? How can an old soldier be obscure when he is lifted up and made glorious in the presence of the assembled millions of his native land? Already, for a multitude, the signals are hanged out from the battlements of heaven. Here "you shall 'fold your' "
11
10-i Gettysburg Reunion.
" 'tents and silently steal away.' After all the thunder of life's battle you shall encamp in the Promised Land, and hang out your signals of victory. But, going in, you shall not be unknown or unwaited for. Will not your companions in arms stand expectant? Will not the patriots, the heroes and the martyrs, who struggled at Mara- thon, who bled at Marston Moor, who fell at Valley Forge, or strug- gled unto death at Gettysburg, stand waiting to receive you? You have earned a right to come in, to be greeted by the great soldiers. Grant and Lee; by the orators who pleaded for liberty; by the statesmen who struggled for law; by the heroes who died that the Union might live; and by the Great Emancipator, the martyred President! And when the last roll-call is heard, and the last page of this chapter of liberty is written, it shall be said, "I saw an old soldier come up out of the Valley and the Shadow, and all the heroes came forth to meet and greet him, and with trumpets and banners they brought him home!"
Dr. Hillis was then followed by Captain Joseph H. Leathers, of Kentucky, who said : —
"I feel greatly honored at being invited to take part in the exercises of this notable occasion and on this notable day in American his- tory.
Fifty years ago I was here as a mere boy, as you were who par- ticipated iu this battle, trying to All my little place in one of the bloodiest conflicts of modern times. I am spared, as you are, to be here again today after the lapse of fifty years. All of us now are nearing the end of life's pilgrimage, with a 'heart full of gratitude to the Giver of all good for health and length of days and the manifold blessings that have crowned the lives of both the "Blue" and the "Gray" who have survived to this time and are here today, not as enemies, as fifty years !ago, but to clasp hands as comrades and friends.
Orators and statesmen and historians have eloquently told to the world the glory and renown both armies achieved on the bloody field of Gettysburg, and I shall not attempt to add anything to what has been said and written.
Someone has said that seventy years should be called the ideal age of man; that at that age he realizes that he has about accom- plished his life's work, and the romance and fallacies of youth have all vanished and he can review the past philosophically and await the future with confidence and composure.
All the bitterness of the war has gone with the fiight of years. We stand here today glorying in one common Flag — the Flag of a Re- imited Country. We are, as a nation, today stronger and greater than ever before — stronger and greater because fifty years ago great issues were settled that had to be met. We can all of us now, with one heart and with one voice, appropriate to ourselves the immor- tal words uttered here on this spot fifty years ago, that "this is a government of the people, by the people, and for the people," and"
Gettysburg Reunion. 165
"that we, the survivors, both the Blue and the Gray, and our chil- dren and children's children will see to it that our country shall grow greater and stronger as time goes on.
We cannot forget the memories of the past — nobody asks us to do that, or the cause for which we fought and bled and so many of our comrades died. These memories are part of our lives, but it does not take away from us the love of our common country or the glory and the valor of American manhood, no matter on which side it was displayed. We men of the South did the very best we knew how, and after the lapse of half a century we have no repinings or regrets at what the call of duty, as we believed it to be, bade u.6 dare and do.
Half a century changes the point of view. In 1861 we could not look forward, but in 1913 we can look backward. Nobody now need discuss the past. The men of the Confederacy have their faces turned toward the future. One man in every three who shouldered his gun and went forth to battle for the independence of the South died within four years. It was a dreadful tribute that was demanded from our people in the Great War, and we paid it without a murmur, be- cause we felt that we were battling for a great principle. We believed we were right. That was cause enough to call for the best that free- men could give. We gave all we had.
There need be no uneasiness as to the future. Tlie sons of the North and the sons of the South hereafter will stand together pro- tecting whenever and wherever necessary the Flag of our country and our glorious institutions."
Colonel Cowan, now of Kentucky, but who was captain of the 1st N. Y. Battery U. S. V. at Gettysburg, and commander of the Artillery Brigade of the Sixth Corps, Army of the Potomac, and also now the Representative from Kentucky to the Penn- sylvania Commission, in his address that followed alluded thus regarding the erection of a Great Peace Memorial at Gettys- burg:—
"Comrades: It is hard to control my emotions when I recall this battlefield fifty years ago, almost at this moment. Pickett's brave men were in full retreat and we were holding the ground in the angle and beyond to the Emmittsburg road, thickly strewn with their dead and wounded and our own; we have listened to Captain John H. Leathers, of the Stonewall Brigade (who fought and bled on this battlefield) , while eloquently speaking to us of his proud memor- ies of the war; his undying love for the Southern flag which led him in the battle; his warm expressions of love for our united country, and devoted loyalty to the Stars and Stripes. He has been my friend at our home city, Louisville, for many years. What he said here endears him to us all, and we proudly call his Comrade. Each day, since I came here last week, my spirit has risen until I feel that should I remain here another week it might soar away to the Eternal Camping Ground."
166 Oettysburg Reunion.
"Over there on Cemetery Ridge an equestrian statue of General George G. Meade, the great commander of the Army of the Potomac, stands facing Seminary Ridge. Does he look for Hill's 10,000 brave men and Pickett's 5,000 gallant Virginians' to return? Or does he look for the peerless leader of the Southern Army, General Robert E, Lee? A splendid granite pedestal erected by Virginia is now ready for the bronze statue of Lee, mounted on his famous war horse. Traveler. Then the forms of the two great military com- manders will stand fronting each other, while time endures. Be- hind us, a little way, at the clump of trees, is a monument which marks the "high-tide" of war on this field. This grand celebration of the fiftieth anniversary of the battle marks a high-tide of peace between the North and South, which shall never recede while Ameri- cans love liberty and the Union.
The cornerstone of a monument to cost a million dollars will be laid tomorrow, July 4th, on Put-in-Bay, in commemoration of the centennial of Perry's victory over the British fieet on Lake Erie, September 10th, 1813. Such monuments possess an educational value too great to be measured by their cost. Teach the youth of America to believe that patriotism is dearer than life, and there need be no fears for the future safety of our country.
Comrades, should not a Peace Monument be erected on this bat- tlefield of Gettysburg, in commemoration of this wonderful Reunion of more than 50,000 soldiers in Blue and Gray who fought bravely here and on so many other battlefields of the Civil War, for the principles in which both sincerely believed? The survivors of that terrible war, through which it was forever established that this nation, under God, should not perish, returned to the paths of peace, and wherever they went they strove to heal the nation's wounds and make the waste places fruitful again. They and their sons and daughters have made this the richest and freest land on earth; and through them, without regard to sectional lines, the spirit of peace and good will between us has been growing sweeter and stronger. Shall we not highly resolve to do all in our power to infiuence Con- gress and the States to here erect a Peace Monument which shall be grander than any now here, or which may be erected hereafter on this great battlefield?"
Thus eloquently and under most opportune and fortuitous circumstances as to time and place was revived this Commis- sion's desire for the crowning glory of this Great Reunion, a desire and intention expressed in its first tentative programme of October, 1910, and earnestly advocated thereafter until found, in March, 1912, impossible of accomplishment in the 62nd Congress th^n in its closing Session, a desire this Com- mission had finally presented, January 11th, 1912, to the Joint Committee of the Congress of the United States on the Cele-
Oettysdurg Reunion. 167
bration of the Fiftieth Anniversary of the Battle of Gettysburg in the following recommendation : —
****** jjj addition to the public exercises proposed as a fitting commemoration of tlie Golden Jubilee of this the greatest and most decisive battle of our national history, our Commission unanimously and earnesly recommends the erection on the field of Gettysburg of a permanent and worthy memorial, not of the battle only, but of the spirit and solidarity of our nation — a memorial that shall stand there for all time, crowning all the other commemorative works of art on that field, and teaching to posterity, for all generations, the story of the reunited and indissoluble American Republic — a memorial illustrating national peace and civic brotherhood. ****** It is our judgment that such a work as this would fittingly express the spirit and meaning of the proposed observance of the Fiftieth Anniversary of the Battle of Gettysburg, that its cost would not exceed an expenditure such as the Congress would willingly author- ize, say, a maximum of $500,000 — and that standing as a Benedictiis above this great bivouac of our patriot dead it would be, for all time, an eloquent object lesson in American unity, valor and good- will.
This, then is the recommendation of our Commission. We regard the erection of this memorial as by far the most important part of the proposed celebration of this anniversary, and we hope that It will commend itself to your favorable consideration, and to that of the Congress. * * * * *"
Following the close of the above exercises in the Great Tent preliminary steps to accomplish such purpose were immediately taken by Colonel Cowan, General C. Irvine Walker, Chairman, General Committee, United Confederate Veterans, Hon. Ell Torrance, Chairman, General Committee, Grand Army of the Republic, General Felix H. Robertson, U, C. V., Representative from Texas, and other distinguished veterans of the Blue and Gray there present as our guests, which resulted in the Gettys- burg Peace Memorial Association being formed, and at Chat- tanooga, Tennessee, September 17th, its Articles of Association were adopted reciting that its purpose was: —
"To obtain from the Congress of the United States an adequate ap- propriation, together with the appointment of a commission to erect a Peace Monument on the battlefield of Gettysburg, in commemora- tion of the great fraternal and patriotic meeting held there — on the Fiftieth Anniversary of the battle, July 1-4, 1913— between more than fifty thousand survivors of the war of 1861-65 — from the North and South.
It is believed that this wonderful meeting of the "Blue and the Gray," in peace, good will and loyalty, marked the harmonious unification"
168. Gettysburg Reunion.
"of thenation, as one people with a common destiny; and ought, there- fore, to be commemorated with a Peace Monument on the battlefield; which shall also serve to exalt the sentiment and responsibility of nat- ional patriotism with all the people of our great Country."
That Association's Bill was, on December 20th, 1913, pre- sented to Congress by Hon, Swagar Sherley, M. C. Representa- tive from the Fifth Kentucky District, creating the Gettysburg Peace Memorial Commission and carrying an appropriation of five hundred thousand dollars (|500,000.00) for the above pur- pose, the bill now being in the House Committee on Library, and, it is understood, under favorable consideration.
The ceremonies incident to the hand-shake over the Stone Wall at "Bloody Angle" on the afternoon of July 3rd, in which one hundred and eighty survivors of the Philadelphia Brigade Association (Webb's Brigade), Comrade Thomas Thompson, Commanding, and John W. Frazier, Adjutant, and one hundred and twenty survivors of Pickett's Division Association, Presi- dent, Major W. W. Bentley, Commanding, and Comrade Charles J. Loehr, Secretary, participated, were of intense in- terest. The two lines were formed one hundred feet apart, the Philadelphia Brigade on the North and Pickett's Division on the South side of the Stone Wall, over which they had fought with such desperate valor just fifty years ago to the hour — the former with their Division Battle Flag and the latter with their "Stars and Bars" they had carried over the wall behind their brigade commander, who fell between the guns of Cushing's Union battery, and besides the body of its youthful commander. Standing on the wall between the two lines the Honorable J. Hampton Moore, of Philadelphia, Member of Congress, 3rd Pennsylvania District, presented on behalf of the Philadelphia Brigade Association to the Pickett's Division Association a beautiful silk flag of the United States, in the following elo- quent words : —
"Veterans of the Blue and Gray, our Nation and the Sovereign States from which you come were poor, indeed, had they not embraced this anniversary occasion to bring together you, the citizen soldiers of the North and South, upon this, the greatest of American battlefields. Here where you contended in mortal combat half a century ago you meet today to clasp each other's hands in warm embrace and to extol the"
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"virtues in each other found. Our country will be the richer and her fame the greater for this unique visitation. It is an incident, nay an epoch, unparalleled in martial history.
And while you have come from the South and the North bearing the tattered colors that once distinguished you as enemies, wearing the Blue and the Gray as you gallantry wore them through the tumult of battle, you meet again here at the "Bloody Angle," the very zenith of the mighty current of the war, not as furious, fighting champions of State or Section, but as messengers of peace; as men and brothers, loyal to a common country, united under one flag — the "Stars and Stripes." In thus assembling, mindful of your past differences only as thrilling reminiscences in the story of your lives, you are manifesting the highest, the truest qualities of patriotism.
Wide, indeed, was the breach that put you asunder, and long were the years of bitterness and misunderstanding that ensued; but you have outlived them all. The elements of discord have spent their force, and now you know each other better; you appreciate each other more. You who wore the Gray well know the die of life or death was cast in that fierce charge you made through yonder field in 1863. Now you have come again, not in obedience to the command of those you followed even to the death, but at the call of those who clubbed their guns and turned you back — ^the boys who wore the Blue.
With shot for shot and bayonet for bayonet you met each other then; now, when the musket and the saber rest amongst the treas- ured trophies of the war, you look into each other's eyes, you swap again your countless tales of perilous adventure, knowing, each of you, on either side, what all the world concedes, that those with whom you here contended were "foemen worthy of your steel."
The sutler and the camp follower may not exult over such a Reunion as this, but the fighting man best knows the worth of him with whom he broke his lance. You hallow this ground today by standing square in peace with all the bravery you displayed in war.
You have talked of Armisted, the Confederate, who, cap on sword, cheering his men with "give them the cold steel, boys," carried the charge to this angle of stones only to meet a soldier's death; and we have talked of Gushing, the gallant lieutenant, who, thrice wounded, fell by his gun, striving to give you "one more shot." Your great Confederate leaders have passed in review with our Meade and our Hancock and Gregg. The soldierly fortitude and the christian char- acter of Lee have been calmly contrasted with the high purposes and devoted determination of the generals who overwhelmed him. A wholesome reunion of sentiment has pervaded this fraternizing of vet- erans.
No more the earth trembles with the impact of heavy guns; the mad tramping of the wounded chargers is over; the shouts of the march- ing legions have died away. You were a part of it all, proud of your part in it all. Then what does it mean that you should be sounding each other's praises, you who were "Yank" and you who were "Johnny Reb"? It means that civil strife shall be no more; that backed by the"
170 Gettysburg Reunion.
"sturdy generations that have sprung from your loins, building our country upon the foundations of loyalty and industry, we need have no fear of any power on earth. Here is a lesson for the rising genera- tion— yea, for the statesmen of our country who would ever again bestir the enmities or arouse the passions incident to the great conflict.
Your battle of half a century ago was fought in Pennsylvania. We are proud of the Keystone State; proud of Virginia; proud of Ala- bama, of Texas, of Louisiana, of North Carolina. Each of them, all below the imaginary line that once divided us, are stars in the brotherhood of the Union that can not be effaced. But fifty years ago to this very hour it was the duty of Pennsylvania, of the Philadel- phia Brigade, to resist at this stone wall the highest tide of Lee's invasion, the memorable charge of the dashing Pickett. It was the most terrific hand-to-hand encounter of the war, a titantic test of human courage. Unionist or Confederate, the honor of this day rests with those who stood on either side, rests with those who fought and passed unscathed, with those who carry yet the wounds they then sustained, with the memory of those, your comrades, who sacrificed their lives upon this field.
Three regiments of Philadelphia, under the heroic Webb, stood at this point. They were the fighting Sixty-ninth, the Seventy-first, and the Seventy-second, together with certain companies of More- Head's One hundred and sixth. The Seventy-first had been organized by Col. E. D. Baker, of Oregon, who left the United States Senate to don the uniform. It was known as the "California Regiment," and was the first three-years regiment to complete its organization. It was baptized in blood at Balls Bluff, where Baker was killed; but from that time on it served heroically and with heavy losses throughout the war. Evincing the spirit of the Philadelphia Brigade and of the Grand Army of the Republic, the survivors of this old command have com- missioned me to turn over to you of the Gray, their erstwhile foe- men, whom they learned so dearly to respect on this day fifty years ago, the simplest and best token of their patriotic affection.
Since the days of Betsy Ross, whose deft fingers first fashioned its now familiar folds, the "Stars and Stripes" have been the emblem of this Nation. It was your flag and our flag in the closing days of the Revolution. We had no quarrel then, for we stood side by side in grim and successful resistance to our common oppressors. It was your flag and our flag when we marched upon the Mexican capitol. Grant and Lee supported it then. It was our flag when you raised the "Stars and Bars," but we continued to hold and to cherish it, not alone for ourselves, but for you. Then came the war with Spain. Again it was your flag and our flag, the flag of Dewey and the flag of Wheeler, flghting together as patriots and countrymen. And now, when we boast of a reunited country, more rich and powerful in men and wealth than any nation on the face of the globe, it is still your flag, as it is still our flag — the glorious emblem of a peaceful and a prosperous people. This, veterans of the Gray, survivors of Pickett's charge against "the Bloody Angle," is the token that your quondam ad-"
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Gettysburg Reunion. 171
"versaries of the Seventy-first Pennsylvania desire me to present to you. It is their expression of loyalty, friendship, and good will.
And, soldiers in performing this pleasant service, may I add one thought — .more important than all, more satisfying than all? By your own acts this day it is ordained that you shall not depart in rancor nor in malice; that you shall not carry with you at the parting the bitterness resulting from your mighty struggle. You have truly made this ground more sacred by uniting upon it in bonds of amity and fel- lowship. The God of Peace reigns above the scene of carnage, and you who trod these dusty roads to wage a deadly war may now return to your homes to await the last muster, conscious when the final sum- mons comes that you can face eternity with the mantle of charity and kindness covering the last vestige of enmity that may have found a lurking place in your hearts."
During the address, the standard bearers of the two flags, first mentioned advanced midways between the two lines, cross- ing their flag staff's, and at its conclusion the standard bearer of the silken emblem of our United country, unfurling it on the Stone Wall, ran forward and held it above the two battle flags, while Comrade Bentley, in words of eloquence and patriotism, accepted it on behalf of the Pickett's Division Association, im- mediately after which the two lines were advanced to the stone fence, and the identical men, — their heads silvered, some with empty sleeves and others on crutches — who half a century before had fought over it with bayonets and butts of muskets,^ clasped hands and buried their faces on each other's shoulders, while a mighty shout of praise burst forth from the thousands of interested spectators who had caught the spirit of the occa- sion. These battle-scarred veterans were there to swear allegi- ance to their country's flag, and to dedicate themselves anew to the Union. Their fraternization will not only be an epoch in this country, but will be felt across the sea.
No Band Concert was given in the Great Tent that evening, as all our guests and visitors were from early evening on busy locating themselves at points of vantage all over the battle- field and along its broad highways and avenues, from thence to view the fireworks display this Commission had provided as the closing event of the Great Reunion. Promptly at 8:45 the signal gun was fired from behind Little Round Top, followed at 9 o'clock with a great salvo of dynamite guns and belching mortars, in turn followed with hundreds of bursting bombs
172 Gettysburg Reunion.
and rockets, interspersed with many other brilliant aerial pieces and gigantic set pieces, the latter covering the entire face and crest of Little Round Top, all making, with the tons of colored fire burning and blazing on every rocky prominence, a continu- ous scene of im])ressive beauty and grandeur lasting nearly two hours and evoking the enthusiastic applause of the tens of thousands of guests and visitors present.
The thousands of automobiles and other vehicles that had come from far and near, estimated at over fourteen thousand, that then doubly lined all the highways and cross-roads of the battlefield, from Sedgwick and Hancock Avenues on the east to Confederate Avenues on the west, and from the foot of Little Round Top northward to the Borough itself, each auto with its two or four beaming lanterns, made a scene that seemed as though thousands of gigantic fireflies were silently, swiftly moving through the darkness of the night, throughout the great battlefield's length and breadth, yet all following in orderly procession, so perfectly was the traffic being directed by the combined squadrons of the United States Cavalry under Major Rhodes, and the State Police under Major Groome, yet it was not until the midnight hours that all had departed, the splendid record made being not an accident of any kind what- soever, with the tons of fireworks and the thousands of vehicles of all kinds, with their tens of thousands of passengers, and still greater numbers of veterans and others on foot.
The Vice President of the United States and a Senatorial Committee, and the Speaker of the House of Representatives and a Committee of that Body, having accepted the invitation of this Commission, and they both arriving on a special train at 12 noon, were met by the Commission's Secretary, and, with cavalry, escorted to the College Campus, Governor Tener's Headquarters, and there meeting him and this Commission, were welcomed and in turn presented to the other distinguished guests of the Commission there assembled, and afterward es- corted through the Great Camp and over the battlefield. Tn the afternoon, they participated in the ceremonies in the Great Tent, and in the evening were taken with all the other guests of the Commission to points of vantage from which to view
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Gettyshurg Reunion. 173
the fireworks display, after which they departed on their spec- ial at midnight, the party being composed of Vice President Thomas H. Marshall and Mrs. Marshall; and Senators Boies Penrose, of Pennsylvania; George T. Oliver, of Pennsylvania; Benjamin F. Shively, of Indiana ; Knute Nelson, of Minne- sota; Francis G. Newlands, of Nevada; Keed Smoot, of Utah; William O. Bradley, of Kentucky; Joe T. Robinson, of Arkan- sas ; James R. Thornton, of Louisana ; John D. Works, of Cali- fornia, and Mr. Charles P. Higgins, Sergeant-at-Arms, U. S. Senate, Washington, D. C, and Hon. Champ Clark, Speaker of the House of Representatives, and Representatives J. Fred C. Talbott, of Maryland ; Joseph A. Goulden, of New York ; C. M. Stedman, of North Carolina; Sanford Kirkpatrick, of Iowa; George W. Taylor, of Alabama ; William A. Jones, of Virginia ; Albert Estopinal, of Louisiana; J. M. Graham, of Illinois; C. F. Booher, of Missouri; Lincoln Dixon, of Indiana; C. H. Burke, of South Dakota; R. W. Austin, of Tennessee; Frank W. Mondell, of Wyoming ; Willis J. Hulings, of Pennsylvania ; L. C. Dyer, of Missouri; B. Johnson, of Kentucky; Henry D. Flood, of Virginia; R. E. Lee, of Pennsylvania; J. Hampton Moore, of Pennsylvania, and Mr. Robert B. Gordon, Sergeant- at-Arms, House of Representatives, Washington, D. C.
Friday morning, July 4th, no Reunions in the Great Tent had been scheduled, as it was originally this Commission's desire to there hold Peace Jubilee services, starting at 10:00 o'clock that morning, with the Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court presiding, and the President of the United States to de- liver the oration, and, at high noon, dedicate the site for a Great Peace Memorial. But it appearing during the closing hours of the summer session of the late Congress (62nd), that no action could he had at its hands to make such a Peace Mem- orial possible, and both the President and the Chief Justice having declined the invitations of this Commission to be pres- ent as its Guests of Honor, and to participate in the Great Reunion, all these services on July 4th had to be abandoned, the fireworks of the evening before having been arranged as the closing event of the Reunion. But on Saturday afternoon, June 28th, the President having advised this Commission that he found that he could so arrange his official duties that it
174 Gettysburg Reunion.
would be possible for him to be present with us for a limited time on July 4th, and deliver an address, arrangements were at once accordingly made for his proper reception and enter- tainment during the very limited period he would be our guest. Arriving on July 4th, sharp on the hour of 11 A. M., he was met at the station by His Excellency, Governor Tener, and, es- corted by the State Police, taken direct to the Great Tent, as was his desire, was there presented to the assembled veterans of the Blue and of the Gray, delivered his address, and imme- diately thereafter entering his private car on the special train, departed well within the hour.
The programme as observed was as follows: The Presiden- tal party, escorted by Governor Tener, entered the Great Tent through lines of Boy Scouts at "Salute" and ascended the plat- form, "Hail to the Chief" being rendered by the Third Regi- ment Band, National Guard of Pennsylvania.
His Excellency, Governor Tener, then said: —
"Veterans of the Blue and Veterans of the Gray, I have the honor to present the President of the United States."
The President then addressed the audience, saying: —
"Friends and fellow-citizens — I need not tell you what the battle of Gettysburg meant. These gallant men in Blue and Gray sit all about us here. Many of them met upon this ground in grim and deadly struggle.
Upon these famous fields and hillsides their comrades died about them. In their presence it were an impertinence to discourse upon how the battle went, how it ended, what it signified!
But fifty years have gone by since then, and I crave the privilege of speaking to you for a few minutes of what those fifty years have meant.
"What have they meant. They have meant peace and union and vigor, and the maturity and might of a great nation. How wholesome and healing the peace has been! We have found one another again as brothers and comrades, in arms, enemies no longer, generous friends rather, our battles long past, the quarrel forgotten — except that we shall not forget the splendid valor, the manly devotion of the men then arrayed against one another, now grasping hands and smiling into each other's eyes.
How complete the union has become and how dear to all of us, how unquestioned, how benigh and majestic, as State after State has been added to this, our great family of free men!
How handsome the vigor, the maturity, the might of the great Nation we love with undivided hearts; how full of large and confident"
WOODROW WiL.SOX,
The President of the United States, Speaker, July kth.
Gettysburg Reunion. 175
promise that a life will be wrought out that will crown its strength with gracious justice and with a happy welfare that will touch all alike with deep contentment! We are debtors to those fifty crowded years; they have made us heirs to a mighty heritage.
But do we deem the Nation complete and finished? These venerable men crowding here to this famous field have set us a great example of devotion and utter sacrifice. They were willing to die that the people might live. But their task is done. Their day is turned into evening.
They look to us to perfect what they established. Their work is handed unto us, to be done in another way but not in another spirit. Our day is not over; it is upon us in full tide.
Have affairs paused? Does the Nation stand still? Is what the fifty years have wrought since those days of battle finished, rounded out and completed? Here is a great people, great with every force that has ever beaten in the lifeblood of mankind. And it is secure. There is no one within its borders, there is no power among the nations of the earth to make it afraid.
But has it yet squared itself with its own great standards set up at its birth, wtien it made that first noble, naive appeal to the moral judgment of mankind to take notice that a government had now at last been established which was to serve men, not masters? It is secure in everything except the satisfaction that its life is right, adjusted to the uttermost to the standards of righteousness and hu- manity.
The days of sacrifice and cleansing are not closed. We have harder things to do than were done in the heroic days of war, because harder to see clearly, requiring more vision, more calm balance of judgment, a more candid searching of the very springs of right.
Look around you upon the field of Gettysburg! Picture the array, the fierce heat and agony of battle, column hurled against column, bat- tery bellowing to battery! Valor? Yes! Greater no man shall see in war; and self-sacrifice, and loss to the uttermost; the high reck- lessness of exalted devotion which does not count the cost.
We are made by these tragic, epic things to know what it costs to make a nation — the blood and sacrifice of multitudes of unknown men lifted to a great stature in the view of all generations by knowing no limit to their manly willingness to serve.
In armies thus marshaled from the ranks of free men you will see, as it were, a nation embattled, the leaders, and the led, and may know , if you will , how little , except in form , its action differs in days of peace from its action in days of war.
May we break camp now and be at ease?. Are the forces that fight for the Nation dispersed, disbanded, gone to their homes forgetful of the common cause?
Are our forces disorganized, without constituted leaders and the might of men consciously united because we contend, not with armies but with principalities and powers and wickedness in high places? Are we content to lie still?"
176 Gettysburg Reunion.
"Does our union mean sympathy, our peace contentment, our vigor riglit action, our maturity self-comprehension and a clear confidence in choosing what we shall do? War fitted us for action, and action never ceases.
I have been chosen the leader of the Nation. I cannot justify the choice by any qualities of ' my own, but so it Jias come about and here I stand. Whom do I command? The ghostly hosts who fought upon these battlefields long ago and are gone? These gallant gentlemen stricken in years whose fighting days are over, their glory won? What are the orders for them, and who rallies them?
I have in my mind another host, whom these set free of civil strife in order that they might work out in days of peace and settled order the life of a great Nation.
That host is the people themselves, the great and the small with- out class or difference of kind or race or origin; and undivided in interest, if we have but the vision to guide and direct them and order their lives aright in what we do. Our constitutions are their articles of enlistment. The orders of the day are the laws upon our statute books.
What we strive for is their freedom, their right to lift themselves from day to day and behold the things they have hoped for, and so make way for still better days for those whom they love, who are to come after them.
The recruits are the little children crowding in. The quartermas- ter's stores are in the mines and forests and fields, in the shops and factories.
Every day something must be done to push the campaign forward, and it must be done by plan and with an eye to some great destiny.
How shall we hold such thoughts in our hearts and not be moved? I would not have you live even to-day wholly in the past, but would wish to stand with you in the light that streams upon us now out of that great day gone by.
Here is the Nation God has builded by our hands. What shall we do with it? Who stands ready to act again and always in the spirit of this day of reunion and hope and patriotic fervor?
The day of our country's life has but broadened into morning. Do not put uniforms by. Put the harness of the present on.
Lift your eyes to the great tracts of life yet to be conquered in the interest of righteous peace, of that prosperity which lies in a people's hearts and outlasts all wars and errors of men.
Come, let us be comrades and soldiers yet to serve our fellowmen In quiet counsel , where the blare of trumpets is neither heard nor heeded and where the things are done which make blessed the nations of the world in peace and righteousness and love."
His Excellency, Governor, Tener, then bade the audience ''Good-bye," and the band playing the Star-Spangled Banner, he then immediately escorted the President direct to his spe- cial train, the audience meanwhile dispersing.
Gettysburg Reunion. Ill
Fifteen minutes thereafter was enacted the Closing Ceremony of the Great Eeunion as agreed upon July 2nd by this Commission and Brigadier General Liggett, Commanding the Great Camp; — the Tribute to our Heroic Dead — at high noon, a silent, solemn, sacred five minutes at "Attention" by all upon that great battlefield for the honored dead there rest- ing in peace in their eternal sleep.
As the church bells of Gettysburg begin tolling the midday hour, a bugle's soft silvery notes are sounded. The Pennsyl- vania Commission and its distinguished guests who had gath- ered with it on the College Campus and also those at the Seminary, and General Liggett and his Staff at his Camp Head- quarters, all stand at "Attention." Slowly the colors at each Headquarters are lowered to half-staff. Immediately all over the great battlefield, wherever they are at the moment. Veteran guests, in Blue and in Gray, Regular Army officers, visitors, Boy Scouts, enlisted men and civilian employees, likewise stand at "Attention." In the distance a battery commences firing the National Salute, Then for full five minutes as regularly, faintly boom the distant guns, all over that great plain, on wooded ridge and open slope, in shaded valley and rocky den, silently, reverentially, the highest and the humblest, thus pay each his tribute to those thousands who fifty years before on that self same plain, " 'midst war's mQst fearful setting," there "gave the last full measure of devotion" to the cause each believed was right. Then the battery ceases firing. The salute is over. Again the bugle's silvery notes and "Old Glory,'' rapidly rising to full-staff, flies triumphant in the flood of noonday's glowing sun and with bands playing the National Anthem — the Great Reunion is officially ended.
Rapidly thereafter thousands of our veteran guests began their homeward journey and the work of dismantling the great tented city that had been their home for the week, in- stead of for four days as originally estimated, was immedi- ately proceeded with by Major Normoyle and his Staff. As our guests departed kitchens were correspondingly closed, cots, blankets, etc., collected, tents struck, guards drawn in, and the great stores of quartermaster's supplies prepared for return to the Government Arsenals and Depots. Likewise, of the commissary supplies remaining unused that portion per- ishable was immediately sold at public auction and the re-
178 Gettysburg Reunion.
mainder prepared for return to the Government Depots. All structures— kitchens, store-houses, sheds, etc. — were torn down and removed, also the several miles of waler pipe taken up, all ditches, sinks and holes filled, fences replaced, etc., etc., so that by August 15th, as per contract, every vestige of the Great Camp, excepting the four great water storage reser- voirs, was removed, all the farms being restored to the con- dition they were in when leased by the War Department De- cember and January last. In this work of dismantling, the officers of the Army there in charge made the same splendid record they had made in establishing and maintaining the Great Camp.
To General H. S. Huidekoper, of Philadelphia, belongs the credit of the inception of this Great Reunion. General Huide- koper, (Lieutenant Colonel, 150th Pennsylvania Volunteer In- fantry, and Major General, retired, National Guard of Pennsyl- vania) who lost his right arm at Gettysburg in the first day's fight, called in April, 1908, upon Hon. Edwin S. Stuart, the then Governor of Pennsylvania, presenting the suggestion of a fitting observance at Gettysburg of the Fiftieth Anniver- sary of the Battle. This w^as followed in September by Lieu- tenant Colonel John P. Nicholson, Chairman, Gettysburg Na- tional Park Commission, calling a meeting of the citizens of Gettysburg on the same subject, a sub-committee thereof wait- ing upon Governor Stuart October 15th, he assuring them that their suggestion met his approval, as had those of General Huidekoper, and that he would in his Biennial Message to the next General Assembly of Pennsylvania, January, 1909, ad- dress that Honorable Body thereon, which action appears on page three of this Report, and which was also the first official recognition given this great movement.
The following financial statement of Mr. Samuel C. Todd, our Treasurer, is self-explanatory, showing every obligation of the Commission, as presented and audited, has been met with full payment, and that there remains as of this date, De- cember 81, 1918, of Pennsylvania's total appropriation of 1450,000.00 to this Commission, an unexpended balance of
1
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New York Veterans at Their Battery's Monument.
Veterans at Statue of Maj. Genl. Henry W. Slocum, July 1st.
Gettysburg Reunion. 179
137,290.34, with |5()9.46 additional paid into the State Treas- ury, and a further credit of some |2,000.00, as follows:—
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT
OFFICE OF THE EXECUTIVE CONTROLLER
HARRISBURG '
SAMUEL C. TODD,
Executive CoutroUer.
STATEMENT OF THE TREASURER
OF THE
PENNSYLVANIA COMMISSION,
FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY OF THE BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG
to and including December 31st, 1913.
General Louis Wagner, Treasurer, November 17, 1909, to March 25th, 1913.
Samuel C. Todd, Treasurer since March 25th, 1913.
Appropriations.
Appropriation of 1909, $5,000 00
Interest on daily balance added, 25 32
$5,025 32
Appropriation, 1911, 50,000 00
Appropriation , 1913— Transportation , 165 , 000 00
Appropriation, 1913— General, 195,000 00
Totals, $415,025 32
(Emergency appropriation of July 16, 1913, $35,000.00 notdrawnQ
Expenditures.
Vouchers filed by General Louis Wagner, Treasurer,
appropriation, 1909, $5,025 32
Vouchers filed by General Louis Wag- ner, Treasurer, appropriation 1911, .. $22,493 17
Vouchers filed by S. C. Todd, Treasurer,
appropriation 1911, 27,504 59
Cash refunded to State Treasurer appro- priation 1911, : 2 24
■— 50,000 00
12
180 Gettysburg Reunion.
Vouchers filed by S. C. Todd, Treasurer,
appropriation 1913, transportation, .. $164,999 95 Refund to State Treasurer, appropriation
1913 , transportation 05
165,000 00
Voucliers filed by S. C. Todd, Treasurer,
appropriation 1913, general, $192,678 34
Interest 1909 appropriation refunded
State Treasurer , 25 32
192,703 66
Cash on hand December 31st, 1913, 2,296 34
Totals, $415,025 32
Recapittilation.
War Department United States — Pennsylvania's share,
Transportation ,
Cash refunded to State Treasurer, balance transporta- tion appropriation ,
Commission expenses ^
Conferences ,
Salaries and clerical expenses,
Office equipment ,
Stationery and printing,
Entertainment of guests ,
Rent of office and grounds — Pennsylvania College build- ings ,
Bands
Sundry and office expenses ,
U. S. Army — Preliminary survey,
Camp equipment
Extra camp expenses ,
Sanitation ,
Refunded cash to State Treasurer, balance appropria- tion 1911 ,
Cash on hand to balance. December 31st. 1913
Total appropriations , $415 , 000 00
Interest added, 1909 appropriation, ... 25 32
|
$150 |
,000 |
00 |
|
164 |
,999 |
95 05 |
|
5 |
,323 |
17 |
|
7, |
969 |
60 |
|
6 |
,220 |
19 |
|
806 |
59 |
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,889 |
03 |
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24 |
,540 |
28 |
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5 |
,174 |
00 |
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1 |
,600 |
00 |
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2 |
,082 |
82 |
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413 |
67 |
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,902 |
05 |
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11 |
.231 |
76 |
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22 |
,563 |
58 |
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2 |
24 |
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2. |
,296 |
34 |
Totals, $415,025 32 $415,025 32
Gettyshurg Reunion. 181 ^
The following amounts were paid direct to the State treasurer and his receipts taken and filed: —
May 5th, 1913 interest on daily balance $230 24
Dec. 2nd, 1913, interest on daily balance, 316 11
December 31st, 1913, interest on daily balance. Dr.
Dixon , 183
Oct. 16th , 1913 , ticket redeemed , 7 53
Aug. 27th, 1913, sale of window screen, Gettysburg, 10 00 December 31st, 1913, to rebate on Southern mileage
book, 3 75
Total, $569 46
Respectfully submitted,
SAMUEL C. TODD,
Treasurer.
December 31st, 1913.
I hereby certify that the accounts and vouchers have been audited by me and found correct as above.
J. S. McCALBB, Certified Public Accountant.
Further, the office furniture and furnishings used for the past months by this Commission, and the bedroom furniture and furnishings, rugs, blankets, bed-linen, toAvels, etc., etc., used during Reunion Week by our guests in the Pennsylvania College at Gettysburg, all valued at some |8,000.00, were pre- sented by this Commission to the following State Depart- ments:— The Board of Public Grounds and Buildings; the Adjutant General's and the Health Commissioner's, and their receipts taken therefore, and the 7,500 flags— half of which number were National flags and half State of Pennsylvania flags — which this Commission furnished to the Grand Army of the Republic, Department of Pennsylvania (holding its Annual Encampment June 25-28, 1913, at Gettysburg) for its members to decorate therewith for Reunion Week the graves of the unknown dead in the Gettysburg National Cemetery, were left with the Superintendent of the cemetery to be so used there on the coming Memorial Days until too worn for further use.
As before recited, the Congress of the United States, by enactment approved by President Taft, August 26, 1912,
182 Gettysburg Reunion.
authorized and directed the War Department to establish and maintain the camp at Gettysburg for the Great Keunion and appropriated one hundred and fifty thousand dollars ($150,- 000.00) therefor, conditioned that Pennsylvania -first furnish the Secretary of War with an equal sum. That condition Pennsylvania agreed to and forthwith duly paid the Secre- tary of War one hundred and fifty thousand dollars ($150,- 000.00). Therefore, the following financial statement of Major James E. Normoyle, Quartermaster Corps, United States Army, the efficient Chief Quartermaster in charge at Gettys- burg, showing the expenditures of this joint fund December 12th, 1912, to December 15th, 1913, is here recorded:
"Financial statement to cover period ending December 15, 1913, herewith, shows a balance of $32,964 54.
The only outstanding liabilities, so far as known, are transportation accounts to cover return shipments, and possibly some telegraph and telephone accounts. It is estimated that there should be a balance of about $10,000.00, which will probably be absorbed, however, by loss, wear and tear to camp equipage and supplies.
Property Returns are at present in process of adjustment in connec- tion with return shipments to the various depots and when these ac- counts are adjusted a final statement will be submitted."
Mine Had a Ramrod.
Veterans Reading the Tablet on the Gettysburg Court House Steps.
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Gettysburg Reunion.
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186 GettysMirg Reunion.
Upon the preceding pages is recited, chronologically, a record of only the more important steps of the many that followed during the five and a half years to date since tlie inception of this great movement. What actions were taken during that period by this Commission and those associated with it in the great work have there been briefly stated, but what real success attended our efforts, what material advancement in the welfare of our Nation has already resulted therefrom or will follow in the years to come, rests not with us to say, but how the great journals all over our land, and in England also, viewed this event, epochal in our Nation's history, and what the verdict is of those who were so directly interested in the success of our labors— our guests, the Honorably Dis- charged Veterans of the Civil War, — can best be learned from the representative Editorials here following and from the ut- terances of the veterans themselves and as officially voiced by their two great organizations, the Grand Army of the Re- public and the United Confederate Veterans, here recorded : —
EDITORIALS.
PENNSYLVANIA.
The Philadelphia Evening Telegraph,
May 10th, 1912.
"THE GETTYSBURG CELEBRATION."
"The decision of the United Confederate Veterans, at their Reunion, to accept the invitiation extended through the Grand Army of the Re- public, to attend the celebration of the fiftieth anniversary of the battle of Gettysburg on the noted field in July, 1913, is what would be ex- pected of the chivalrous men who upheld the cause of the South In the crucible era. Though the South was defeated in this supreme trial of valor, and saw its cause thenceforth decline until its collapse, a year and nine months later in the fall of Richmond, and Lee's surrender at Appomattox, there is nothing about the manner in which the South- ern soldiers fought that does not redound to their glory. Both van- quished and victors gave sublime display of the heroism of the Ameri-"
Ocn'l Liggett, Major NormoyU and Aides, Ids. Suuiulrrs (mil liuekiicr, surrounded at
Brig. Gen'l Hunter Liggett, U. S. A., MaJ. Jas. B. Normoyle. U. S. A., Lleat. E. O. £ Commanding Great Camp. Cliief Qtm. in cbarge.
OuE Newspaper Fbiends. the Great Camp Beadquarlers hy ^ome nf the Newspaper Corps, ^ Were Nerer at One Spot at the i
Brig. Gen'l Hnnter Liggett. U. S. CommaDdlng Great Camp.
OuE Newspaper Friends. »mrromn4ed at the Great Camp Headquarters hy fiome of the 'Newspaper Corps, All Were Never at One Spot at the Same Tiine~"TooBu3,
Gettyshurg Reunion. 187
"can race. To have the celebration without inviting the Confederate survivors of the war to participate would be highly discourteous.
They are passing away very rapidly, those actors in the great drama, both North and South. For forty-nine years the grass has covered with its beautiful green those long rows of impressive mounds, beneath which the Northern and Southern soldiers have slept after giving their 'last full measure of devotion' to the cause which each believed to be right. Their comrades, the venerable men of today, both North and South, owe It to the memory of those long-departed to avail themselves of the occasion offered next July a year to revisit the scene of that mighty struggle.
There can be no unworthy sectionalism, no bitter memories in the prospect. With a reunited country, with the spirit of patriotism pervading the length and breadth of it, with the South in the prime of its wondrous new development in mining, in agriculture, in manufac- tures and in other varied industries, the American Republic of today is not the same as it was forty-nine years ago. The days, of the Civil War now belong to the historian, the poet, the writer of romance and the dramatist. That period has enriched American history beyond compu- tation, and the lessons taught by its results are of inestimable value to the race, both in the present and in the future.
Let the Confederate veterans, who come here as the guests of Pennsylvania, know and feel that the Keystone State will welcome them and will have nothing but cheer and comfort and hospitality for them. From the moment they reach Pennsylvania soil they are the guests of our people. The elaborate preparations for the affair which have been under way in this State during the past two years, and the steps taken also by Congress to co-operate with Pennsylvania, afford enough assurance that the Gettysburg celebration is to be conducted on a scale of great magnitude."
INDIANA.
The Indianapolis News.
March 29th, 1913.
'THE GETTYSBURG REUNION.
"It will be only a little over two months until the great Blue and Gray Reunion at Gettysburg. Indiana will probably be represented by hundreds. Preparations by the Stiate of Pennsylvania will be made for forty thousand people. It is hardly probable that so many that fought on the historic field survive. Meade had about ninety thousand men there, Lee about seventy thousand. But it was fifty years ago. They"
188 Gettyshurg Reunion.
"that were among them who are still living must be at threescore and ten or more. Those who participate in this wonderful Reunion will pre- sent a sight that the world has never looked on before. There is no record of any Civil War that shows those who were at death grips meet- ing in common fellowship fifty years after, citizens of a country united as it never was before. The third generation after the "War of the Roses in England continued to transmit to its posterity the bitterness of the strife. Long after all who had a personal part in the French Revolu- tion were dead, its influence was felt in the politics of the country. With us after fifty years, and while there are survivors by the thou- sands of the greatest Civil War of history, are found brave men ready to clasp hands and fight the old battles over in comparisons of memory sweetened by honest admiration for bravery on both sides.
The same spirit is informing even more rapidly the larger expression of national life. In recent years men of the South have testified that Lincoln is understood and venerated in most communities there, and that there has been a great revulsion of feeling as to Grant. We know that it is so as to Lee in the North, and that there is nowhere clearer understanding and more honest recognition of his pre-eminence as a great captain and of the nobility of his character than here.
The fruits to come from this great Blue and Gray Reunion at Gettys- burg will be manifest in the near years by a variety of expression, att- tude and acts that were they now predicted might be regarded as wild We have not far to go. There is a real union now led by the men that did the fighting. There are left simply some outward and visible signs. It may not be many years before a statue of Lee will stand on Gettys- burg field. But prediction is needless. The great and beautiful cur- rent of real oneness is flowing and growing steadily. Nothing can keep it back. The fifty-year anniversary of so much in our great war, in which there was nothing greater than Gettysburg will, indeed, be a jubilee year, and it will do a vast service in the cementing of citizen- ship in bonds that make for the solidarity of a country."
NEW HAMPSHIRE.
The Concord Evening Monitor.
June 26, 1913.
"THE VETERANS."
"That is to be a remarkable celebration at Gettysburg. In the first place, it will commemorate one of the great battles of all history, a battle that marked the turning point of a bloody Civil WaY and that showed the people of a distressed nation that it was not to be cut in"
'You (;)LD Johxxy! I Believe You're the Fellow "Who Shot "SIe, But Its All Right Now."
"Yep! I Left My Right Arm Down in the 'Wiieatfield,' But I'm Used To It Now."
Vetekaxs Viewing Their Monumem The 111th 'Neiv York Infantry.
W:^'^A^r'^'
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Veterans and Friends at Their Monument on Little Round Top.
Gettysburg Reunion. 189
"twain. More than that, thought, it will signalize in the most dramatic possible way, the fact that this is an undivided country, for it will bring together as comrades and citizens under the same flag men who fought against each other in the bitter struggle that proved once for all that successful invasion of the North by the armies of the South was impossible.
It is fifty years since the battle of Gettysburg was fought and rela- tively few of those who survived the carnage of that conflict remain to tell the story. It is well that the men of North and South should clasp hands where they once rained death upon each other and pledge friend- ship where once they met as foes. Men who participated in Pickett's gallant charge will greet men who as gallantry repulsed it and men who entered Pennsylvania in 1863 as hostile invaders will be the guests of the government they once sought to overthrow on the very spot where the most deperate enterprise of the leaders of the Great Rebellion met failure.
There is a reason aside from the memories of war why the battlefield of Gettysburg is hallowed ground for the American people. It was there that Lincoln delivered the address now recognized as one of the master-pieces of literature and that fact may well be commemorated while the soldiers of the Union and the soldiers of the Confederacy are renewing the memories of those days when the Republic was prov- ing itself in blood and fire.
The Southerner is today as glad as the Northerner that government of the people by the people and for the people did not perish from the earth, and it was shown in 1898 that he is as ready to fight beneath the Old Flag as the men who defended it half a century ago."
WISCONSIN.
The Milwaukee Sentinel.
June 27th, 1913.
"GETTYSBURG.
"Fifty years from Tuesday, July 1st, the opening gun of the greatest battle ever waged on this continent, one of the greatest battles ever fought anywhere at any period in the world's history — Gettysburg — was fired. *****
Thousands of the survivors of the battle of Gettysburg will soon be on the way to Gettysburg, where will occur the most remarkable Re- union of soldiers the world has ever known.
The men who were in Blue and in Gray fifty years ago will assemble as friends, both loyal to and proud of their great nation, to revisit"
190 Gettysburg Reunion.
"the places they had a part in making memorable in the long ago, to participate in happy reunions and to witness the laying of the corner- stone of a Peace Monument that will take its place in the midst of other monuments, each one of which tells a story of heroism seldom equalled and never surpassed. *****"
NEW YORK.
The New York Herald,
June 28th. 1913.
"GETTYSBURG FIFTY YEARS AGO."
"Fifty years ago today came from invaded Pennsylvania the sound of the first skirmish clashes which swelled into the roar of Gettysburg. On June 28th also, the very eve of battle. Hooker was called on to transfer to Meade the command of the Army of the Potomac. Levies of raw troops were being hurried from every Pennsylvania city and hamlet to breast the Gray torrent that there marked the high tide of the Confederacy.
Today fifty thousand veterans of the Great War are moving on to take peaceful possession of the field where in the ardor of youth they strove in such deadly conflict. No better evidence of the healing of the nation's wounds could be offered than the spectJacle of the men of the Grand Army and of the Confederacy striking hands on the spot where they made history."
MASSACHUSETTS.
The Boston Christiari Science Monitor,
June 28th, 1913.
"ON TO GETTYSBURG AS FRIENDS."
"Veterans who fought at Gettysburg fifty years ago are many of them now en route to the field of former conflict. By July 1st not less than 50,000 men will be there, "tenting on the old camp ground," and recounting the events of the historic combat. Guests of the nation and of the State of Pennsylvania, and, as it were, sent to represent"
Oettyshurg Reunion. 191
"their own commonwealths, wearers of the Blue and of the Gray will fraternize.
As a moral spectacle, the analogue of the event cannot be cited from ancient, medieval or modern hostory. Here is its chief significance for observers of the tendencies and acts of contemporary America. The military features of the four days' celebration no doubt will be im- pressive. Eloquence, inspired by a unique event, may be lofty. But neither the martial nor the oratorical successes of the unprecedented gathering can compete with the event itself. Had not there been magnanimity on the part of the victors and full appreciation of it by the defeated, had not the years taught each set of combatants the equality in sincerity, conscientiousness and courage of Its rival, and had not the course of national history finally hastened sectional recon- ciliation because of need of unity of action against foes, foreign and domestic, the world could not have been blessed by so enheartening a vision made real.
Grant began the process of reunion at Appomattox when he defined terms of capitulation that were honorable and generous. Lee did equally prophetic work when, following the war, as a civilian and edu- cator, he pointed his countrymen toward common ways of equity, good will and social betterment. The years have come and gone, and the example of these typical men has been imitated and their counsels have been followed, the more so because the nation as a whole has profited by the wisdom and the spirit of love manifested by Lincoln, beside whom all the protagonists of the great conflict perforce seem secondary.
This event must compel the attention of the world, especially at a time when so many nations beyond seas are tense with internal and ex- ternal problems that indicate no such dominating unity of patriotism as will be disclosed when South and North forget the past and face the future."
NEW YORK.
The New York Tribune,
June 29th, 1913.
"THE SEMI-CENTENARY OF GETTYSBURG."
"The Reunion of Northern and Southern veterans which begins today on the battlefield of Gettysburg will be a unique historical event. About fifty thousand survivors of the Civil War — not necessarily survivors of Gettysburg — 'will celebrate the fiftieth anniversary of the most tremen- dous and decisive battle ever fought on this continent. The friendly interest taken in this celebration by the South as well as the North,"
192 Gettysburg Reunion.
"and the participation in it at the invitation of the Federal Government and the State of Pennsylvania of those who fought against the Union as well as those who fought for it, give it an absolutely exceptional char- acter. Nothing like it has ever occurred before, and nothing like it is likely to occur again.
This Reunion is naturally the crowning event among the many semi- centenaries of the Civil war. Gettysburg was the turning point of that war. * * * * Gettysburg is therefore the most appropriate place to celebrate the Reunion of the Sections, for it was there that the pos- sibility of that reunion was really made secure. Moreover, Gettysburg is the one great battlefield in this country — or in the world for that matter — which has been scrupulously preserved and turned into an easily, studied and tastefully marked and embellished military park. The battle was fought in rolling, open country, and any one who visits it can quickly master the positions and movements of the opposing forces. Several million dollars have been spent by the Federal Govern- ment and the States in making roads and erecting memorials, and no other battlefield in the world compares with Gettysburg in the number and artistic merit of its monuments or in its setting of natural beauty. It is a place steeped in inspiring associations and a true shrine of American patriotism.
The Tribune will give from day to day in its news columns a vivid picture of what is happening at the Veterans' Reunion. It will also, as a special feature, reproduce in their order the letters written fifty years ago from the field of battle by its former editor, Mr. Whitelaw Reid, then serving as a correspondent for "The Cincinnati Gazette" and using the 7iom de plume "Agate." These letters will revive in a strik- ing manner the immediate contemporary view of the great battle and emphasize the contrast between those bloody days and the fraternity, harmony and good-fellowship which now rule there after fifty years."
MARYLAND.
The Baltimore American.
June 30th, 1913.
"GETTYSBURG— A PEACE MEET."
"Never before in world history has there been anything like the an- niversary celebration which is being held this week on the field of the great battle, or series of battles, which marked the climax in the war waged for th'? dissolution of the Union. Fifty years after the sanguinary event the veterans of the two contending armies meet at Gettysburg, go into camp along the slopes where the three-day battle"
192 Gettysburg Reunion.
"and the participation in it at the invitation of the Federal Government and the State of Pennsylvania of those who fought against the Union as well as those who fought for it, give it an absolutely exceptional char- acter. Nothing like it has ever occurred before, and nothing like it is likely to occur again.
This Reunion is naturally the crowning event among the many semi- centenaries of the Civil war. Gettysburg was the turning point of that .^^j. :« « M< « Gettysburg is therefore the most appropriate place to celebrate the Reunion of the Sections, for it was there that the pos- sibility of that reunion was really made secure. Moreover, Gettysburg is the one great battlefield in this country — or in the world for that matter — which has been scrupulously preserved and turned into an easily, studied and tastefully marked and embellished military park. The battle was fought in rolling, open country, and any one who visits it can quickly master the positions and movements of the opposing forces. Several million dollars have been spent by the Federal Govern- ment and the States in making roads and erecting memorials, and no other battlefield in the world compares v/ith Gettysburg in the number and artistic merit of its monuments or in its setting of natural beauty. It is a place steeped in inspiring associations and a true shrine of American patriotism.
The Tribune will give from day to day in its news columns a vivid picture of what is happening at the Veterans' Reunion. It will also, as a special feature, reproduce in their order the letters written fifty years ago from the field of battle by its former editor, Mr. Whitelaw Reid, then serving as a correspondent for "The Cincinnati Gazette" and using the nom de plume "Agate." These letters will revive in a strik- ing manner the immediate contemporary view of the great battle and emphasize the contrast between those bloody days and the fraternity, harmony and good-fellowship which now rule there after fifty years."
MARYLAND.
The Baltimore American.
June 30th, 1913.
"GETTYSBURG— A PEACE MEET."
"Never before in world history has there been anything like the an- niversary celebration which is being held this week on the field of the great battle, or series of battles, which marked the climax in the war waged for the dissolution of the Union. Fifty years after the sanguinary event the veterans of the two contending armies meet at Gettysburg, go into camp along the slopes where the three-day battle"
Gettysburg Reunion. 193
"raged and review the scene of the awful struggle with sentiments of mutual regard. The human-interest phase of the Gettysburg Reunion dominates all else. It is a peace gathering of fighting men.
General Daniel E. Sickles, now ninety-three years old, the only sur- viving general who commanded an army corps at Gettysburg, and who lost a leg there, expressed the sentiment of the rank and file of the Union veterans the other day when he remarked "There will be a lot of "Johnny Rebs" at the anniversary and I want to shake the hand of every one of them." Swapping stories of the three-day battle will be the main pastime at the encampment this week. The spots where the struggle was most sanguinary, where 'blood flowed like water,' will be searched out, and those who have returned at the end of fifty years will recall that "just here" some comrade died, "just there" another who lived to tell the story of the fight lost an arm or a leg. *****
In these days when peace presides over a reunited country, and when at last we are beginning to live, literally as well as theoretically, up to that admonition tliat we must in our patriotism know no North, no South, no East and no West, we can review the stressful storm of emotions that surged the war period with contemplative and dispas- sionate minds. The struggle that culminated at Gettysburg, like that which was decided at Waterloo, has passed into history. On the bat- tlefield at Gettysburg this week soldiers of the two armies — 50,000 of them — are gathered in perfect- amity, and let us hope there is not a single one of the brave old fighters who cherishes the least remnant of bitterness. There are 50,000 men of war at Gettysburg this week, but it is a peace meet, not a war meet."
VERMONT.
The Rutland Herald,
June 30th, 1913.
'AT GETTYSBURG.'
"This week will see a notable gathering of the men of the Grand Army and of the Confederacy. These men, friends now, meet on the field of Gettysburg, where fifty years lago they fought the most import- ant battle of the Civil War. All the bitterness of the mighty conflict, has died out within the lifetime of those who took part in that terriflc struggle between the North and the South. Nothing could be more im- pressive than this Reunion of the Blue and the Gray. There has been nothing quite like it in all the history of the world."
194: Getty sljutg Reunion.
WASHINGTON, D. C.
The Washington Post,
'AT GETTYSBURG.
June 30th, 1913.
"Fifty years ago the decisive battle of the great Civil War was fought at Gettysburg. It sounded the death knell of Confederate hopes. It rendered assured the inevitable triumph of the Federal cause. More- over, it settled for this country the two great questions of secession and slavery. *****
With all that belonging to the past, the ground is cleared in every way for the present reunion. Today the advance guard of 50,000 vet- erans of both armies is gathered on the old battlefield. Separated then by fratricidal strife, fighting then the hand-to-hand fight with their hot breaths in each other's faces, they now meet in the bonds of utmost amity. Theirs is the genuine and unaffected friendship pos- sible only to men upon whom a terrible war has imposed a mutual respect for the former enemy.
Nothing could possibly be more impressive or more inspiring to the younger generation than this gathering. They feel the thrill of bygone days, without a knowledge of its bitterness, which, thank God, has passed for all. But even more touching must be the emotions of these time-worn veterans, as they assemble on an occasion that in itself con- stitutes a greater victory than that of half a century ago, and one, too, in which every section of a reunited country has common part.
Every foot of the soil at Gettysburg is hallowed ground, made so by the blood of fallen heroes. While the present celebration will take ac- count of this, it will be no gloomy gathering. The only tears will be those of joy, and the catch in the throat will be the half-checked sob that contains no note of unappeased regret. The thin blood of the old "boys" will be stirred to quick-step action by memories of that earlier day. Thoughts of their valiant leaders and brave comrades al- ready 'under the sod and the dew' will quiet the pulse again. And the choir invisible will look down from the celestial battlements upon a scene of peace, upon a gathering of brothers all, and chant a song of gladness."
'Telling it to His Graxdsox
Blue and Gray Veterans and Young "Regulars.
Gettysburg Reunion. 195
PENNSYLVANIA.
The Philadelphia Evening Bulletin,
June 30th, 1913.
"THE MEN OF GETTYSBURG."
"Fifty years ago, President Lincoln, standing on the field of Gettys- burg a few months after the battle, solemly uttered those eloquent master phrases wherein he urged the American people to resolve upon a new birth of freedom. His words were addressed not only to the loyal legions of the North, as represented dn the group assembled to dedicate the national cemetery on that sacred ground, but to the Nation as a whole, though temporarily divided. Few then realized the tremendous import of the message, or could gauge the splendor of the prophetic vision which must have impelled it.
To-day, on that same field, is being written an answer to the in- spired and lofty thought of Lincoln such as even he, with all his pro- found love and intuitive understanding of this country, could hardly have foreseen. Indeed, in the history of civilization there is scarce a parallel for this Reunion of survivors of that terrific combat. It is a spectacle to inspire the world. It means that out of the fiery furnace of civil strife, which burned with an intensity fierce enough to consume the ties of blood brotherhood, the nation emerged stronger and better than ever, purged and purified, with a new spirit and a new resolve. Fifty thousand men, who in those far-off days clashed in the deadliest emnity and hatred, now testify, with hands clasped in amity over the graves of their brothers who fell there, to the realization of the ineffable truth for which Lincoln prayed — that government of the people, by the people, for the people shall not perish from the earth while the American people lives. To the everlasting honor of these vet- erans may it always be gratefully remembered that they who had most cause not to forgive have ever been the most magnanimous in forgiving. They stand for the true spirit of American manhood, and their pa- triotic example must be a noble inspiration for the youth of the present and all the generations to come."
13
'Telling tt to His (iKaxd.sox.
Blue and Gkay Veteuans and Young "Regulars.
Gettysburg Reunion. 195
PENNSYLVANIA.
The Philadelphia Evening Bulletin,
June 30th, 1913.
"THE MEN OF GETTYSBURG."
"Fifty years ago, President Lincoln, standing on the field of Gettys- burg a few months after the battle, solemly uttered those eloquent master phrases wherein he urged the American people to resolve upon a new birth of freedom. His words were addressed not only to the loyal legions of the North, as represented dn the group assembled to dedicate the national cemetery on that sacred ground, but to the Nation as a whole, though temporarily divided. Few then realized the tremendous import of the message, or could gauge the splendor of the prophetic vision which must have impelled it.
To-day, on that same field, is being written an answer to the in- spired and lofty thought of Lincoln such as even he, with all his pro- found love and intuitive understanding of this country, could hardly have foreseen. Indeed, in the history of civilization there is scarce a parallel for this Reunion of survivors of that terrific combat. It is a spectacle to inspire the world. It means that out of the fiery furnace of civil strife, which burned with an intensity fierce enough to consume the ties of blood brotherhood, the nation emerged stronger and better than ever, purged and purified, with a new spirit and a new resolve. Fifty thousand men, who in those far-off days clashed in the deadliest emnity and hatred, now testify, with hands clasped in amity over the graves of their brothers who fell there, to the realization of the ineffable truth for which Lincoln prayed — that government of the people, by the people, for the people shall not perish from the earth while the American people lives. To the everlasting honor of these vet- erans may it always be gratefully remembered that they who had most cause not to forgive have ever been the most magnanimous in forgiving. They stand for the true spirit of American manhood, and their pa- triotic example must be a noble inspiration for the youth of the present and all the generations to come."
13
196 Gettysburg Reunion.
SOUTH CAROLINA.
The Charleston News and Courier.
July 1st, 1913.
"WHAT WE ARE CELEBRATING."
"There is one fact of the Gettysburg celebration which should not be lost sight of. This is the fact that it is not the battle itself which is being celebrated but the heroism of the men who took part in it. The battle itself was a frightful and abominable thing — a thing to shudder at, not a thing to celebrate.
Let us remember that. Do not let it come to pass that this Great Reunion on the bloodiest field of the great war shall tend to glorify and exalt war itself. Let us, on the other hand, realize, if we can, the hor- ror of those three days. Let us picture, if we can, the carnage at the Bloody Angle. Let us feel, if we can, the grief that settled down upon thousands of hearts in the North and in the South when the lists of the dead were published in the newspapers. At Gettysburg men butchered one another. At Gettysburg thousands died in utmost agony. At Gettysburg good and gentle women were widowed and the happiness of homes was destroyed. Let us try to see the thing as it was — to see it in all its crimson horror and all its ghasty cruelty. If only we could succeed in seeing it as it was — if only the whole world could succeed in seeing it as it was, another Gettysburg would be impossible.
We are holding a celebration, but we are not celebrating the battle. We are celebrating the valor of the men who faced without flinching a thing that was infernal. If we fail to make this distinction, the cele- bration at Gettysburg may do more harm than good. If it thrills us with the glory of war's heroes, but does not sadden us with the sorrow and the agony of war's victims, we lose a vitally important part of the lesson which it should teach."
OHIO.
The Colujnbiis Citizen.
July 1st, 1913.
"A DAY TO THANK GOD FOR."
"Few days in American history have been so big as this.
If it seems to you just an ordinary day, with nothing notable to mark its passage, turn your thoughts to Gettysburg, where veterans of our Civil War are fighting over again, in friendly reminiscence, the battle of fifty years ago."
Gettysburg Reunion. 197
"There are many thousands of old soldiers at that strange Reunion. Most of them have been sent here by their own States at public ex- pense. They are from the South as well as the North. And they are all comrades from whose hearts healing time and wiser understanding have taken the bitterness of '63.
You may search the world's history in vain for such a spectacle.
They met as foes in that death grapple, when Lee's victories had brought the Confederacy to high confidence and the fate of the Union hung in the balance. The living parted in hatred when Lee withdrew his shattered forces, leaving Meade with his dead and wounded, too exhausted to follow.
And now they meet as friends, "Reb" and "Yank," recognizing each other's valor and honesty of purpose and both rejoicing that the Union has been preserved.
Today and tomorrow and the next day they will live again through those wild charges and repulses. They will hear the bugle sound reville and retreat. They will listen, in memory, to rifle volley and cannonade. They will feel bullet sting and saber cut and the thirst that comes with wounds and the grim horror at evening, when the fighting has lulled and trenches are dug for the heaped dead.
And they will do all this calmly, in friendship.
They will do it mournfully, but with quiet gladness that a newer and larger patriotism has healed their country's wounds and that the na- tion that watched their struggles on Cemetery Hill and Round Top and the plain below has grown in their own lifetime to be a world power of whose greatness they never dreamed.
This is a day to thank God for, and remember. And any American is dull of soul and unworthy of citizenship if he does not feel his heart glow and his thoughts turn to Gettysburg with thanksgiving."
PENNSYLVANIA.
The PhiladelpMa Puhlic Ledger.
July 1st, 1913.
'THE OLD CAMP GROUND.
"There are "multitudes, multitudes, in the valley of decision" at Gettysburg. Many have gone to -the little town, and the mushroom city of tents that has risen beside it, in the thoughtless spirit of holi- day-makers; or they have read about the battle in a book at school, and now they want to see where it took place, and recreate "the thunder of the captains and the shouting." Whatever the motive of the pilgrimage, none can remain long among the old warriors of the"
198 Gettysburg Reunion.
"cause that was lost or the Union that was preserved without a kind- ling glow of patriotic fervor in response to the sight of thousands of men meeting and fraternizing who must in a few years answer the reveille of the skies. To no outsider can the Reunion mean so much. The casual visitor did not endure the weariness of forced marches, the suspense of lonely bivouac and solitary sentry duty, the hunger and thirst, the anguish of the wounded lying where they fell tili some over-worked surgeon gave cursory attention to a gaping wound. Only those who went through the campaign under leaders who have since joined the silent majority know what it means to come back to Gettysburg and to say:
"The men that were boys when I was a boy Shall sit and talk with me."
It is not the decrepit age of the veterans, it is their perennial youthfulness, that has impressed the generations that number their children and grandchildren. The old soldiers go back to Gettysburg to find what Ponce de Leon vainly sought, the fountain of youth. As they recall Pickett's charge, the defense of Little Round Top, Early's assault upon Cemetery Hill, the fighting at the Peach Orchard and the Wheatfield, the terrible duels of artillery, or Lee's retreat In darkness and in rain, they live again the deeds of those crowded hours of July in 1863, and the spirit of youth is alive and awake again within them.
To be sure, in the outward semblance the veterans of the Blue and the Gray are old. The sight grows dim with the advancing years, but the inner vision is clarified: "Fond memory brings the light of other days," and the imagination reconstructs the stirring chronicle. Though the fiesh is weak, the spirit is still as willing as it was in the days when they left home and loved ones and abandoned profitable callings for scanty rations and tattered raiment and the hardships of a crowded military camp or fitful slumbers by stacked arms in the open field. These days belong to the soldiers who are the guests of Pennsylvania. No hospitable bounty can be greater than their deserving. When all has been said to their undying glory and done for their present accommodation, there are memories of half a century ago in each man's recollection that are as an inner shrine, a holy of holies, where none can intrude. Only those who were there in 1863 know what it means to them to meet again upon the old camp ground."
Gettysburg Reunion. 199
GEORGIA.
The Atlanta Constitution.
July 2nd, 1913.
"GETTYSBURG."
"If the gentle and strong spirit of Lincoln could today revisit the field of Gettysburg he would see there a fulfillment of all his visions. The immortal 'address' was spoken at a time when the nation was rent in twain and when to the most hopeful eye the future offered an inscrutable prospect. Yet the sentiments Lincoln then expressed with such strange prescience and courage have been abundantly justi- fied by the march of time.
We are indeed become one nation. And we are dedicating our- selves to the ideals of which Lincoln spoke with such ringing sim- plicity. As never before in its history, the nation is united in de- manding that justice and equal rights be given all of its citizens. There is less of party selfishness and party stupidity. The stand- ard of citizenship has been perceptibly raised, since even the Civil War. The men who died at Gettysburg, whether in Blue or Gray, did not indeed "die in vain." The harvest of their sacrifice is a country that no longer nurses sectionalism to make it bitter, and that approaches the solution of its mutual problem with eyes cleared of bigotry and passion.
The ceremonies of the week in the little town are dramatically symbolic. It is appealing beyond words to witness and record the reunion of these tattered survivors on terms of perfect friendliness. The very idea of the Reunion itself, the merging of foe with friend on the field that was the Armageddon of the Civil War, has all the elements of drama on a huge scale. Better than all this, with ito poetry and its fragrance, is the thing for which it stands — the world's mightiest Republic purged of hate and worthiness, seared clean of dross by the most fiery ordeal in any nation's history, standing foursquare to all the menace and all the glory that may be locked fast in the womb of destiny."
200 Gettysburg Reunion.
NEW YORK.
TTie Brooklyn Daily Eagle.
July 2nd, 1913.
"THREE DAYS AT GETTYSBURG."
"Two civiliziations met at Gettysburg and fought out the issue be- tween them under the broad, "blue sky, in noble, honorable battle the first three days of July, 1863. In one, as historians have pointed out, the family was the social unit — the family in the old Roman sense, possibly inclusive of hundreds of slaves. In the other, the individual was the only social unit. Within half a century those two civilizations have become one. Individualism has triumphed. Yet has that triumph been tempered with a fuller recognition than ever before the war, of the charm and dignity and cultivation of what has yielded to the hand of Fate. *****
It is well that Gettysburg should be celebrated fifty years after, by Northern men and Southern men alike, it is well that tears should mingle with tears and cheers should echo cheers on the old battle- field. We are, indeed, one country, now— one civilization; and the hand of Providence is seen even in the bitterness, the bloodshed, the death-darkened families of 1863. The ways of Providence are in- scrutable."
ILLINOIS.
The Chicago Inter-Ocean.
July 2nd, 1913.
"ON THE FIELD OF GETTYSBURG."
"On the bloody field of Gettysburg, where deeds of valor and daring with hardly a parallel in all history were performed by blood broth- ers, then enemies, the same brothers, now staunch and devoted friends once more, are met to celebrate the fiftieth anniversary of that terrible contest and to demonstrate to the world that the hearts which once were filled with animosity are now attuned to patriotism and love for a common country.
The enmities of '61 are not forgotten. They are remembered, but only as memories by the brave survivors of those stirring times."
Gcttyshurg Reunion. 201
"Nothing of the rancor remains, and on the most desperately fought field of that awful conflict the old fellows who risked their ' youth and their lives for what each believed to be the right are chumming companionably, arms interlinked, as they nod their heads over reminiscences of their time of strife.
With the end of the war great-hearted Americans on both sides of Mason and Dixon's line at once gave themselves over to the task of healing its wounds and rekindling a common spirit of Americanism. The magnanimous Grant in the North and the noble Lee in the South both exercised their tremendous influence toward a common end.
It was that spirit among the conciuered no less than among the vic- tors which rendered possible the fine demonstration of today.
The Spanish war came at an auspicious moment to prove the love of country of all sections, and now, with no North and no South, the entire country may pay its tribute of love and admiration for the splendid men treading that former field of death in amity and the magnificent ^purpose to point out to the coming generations the lesson of magnanimous bravery, and earnest patriotism of heroic Americans who held their lives as nothing that their principles might prevail."
WEST VIRGINIA.
The Wheeling Register.
July 3rd, 1913.
"GETTYSBURG."
"Forty thousand veterans of the Union and Confederate armies, most of whom participated in the three days' fighting at Gettysburg in July, 1863, are meeting and mingling on the same battlefield to- day, not as foes but as friends and brothers, equally sharing the patriotic satisfaction arising from final determination of the issue for which they fought, though it meant victory for one and defeat for the other.
The battle of Gettysburg was the most important of the Civil War, inasmuch as it was the turning point in that bloody confiict. * * * *
The liberality of Congress, the State of Pennsylvania, and many other States, has made it possible for all participants in the battle of Gettysburg to be present at the Reunion on the fiftieth anniversary of that sanguinary contest. Aside from sentimental considerations the object lesson in fraternalism and nationalism which is furnished"
202 Gettysburg Reunion.
"to the country and to the entire world is worth many times what it cost to bring the wearers of the Blue and the wearers of the Gray together at Gettysburg."
CALIFORNIA.
7he San Francisco Examiner.
July 4th, 1913.
"THE LESSON OF A FAMOUS BATTLEFIELD."
"The jubilee on Gettysburg's famous field is the supreme justifica- tion of war and battle. That forty thousand old men should mingle their embraces and their tears above their common dead on the very ground where fifty years ago today they fought, is the high proof that those dead did not die in vain. Because those dead paid there the last full measure of devotion, the nation does live. Because they hallowed, because they consecrated that ground, government of the people, for the people, by the people has not perished from the face of the earth, and the prophecy which fell from the lips of the Great President has had its noble fulfillment.
The brave men who fought that battle — the brave men who fought to divide the Republic — the brave men who fought to keep it un- divided— doubted not, on either side, the justness of their quarrel, the goodness of their cause. We know the truth now. We see with clearer eyes. We know that it is well that the cause which lost did lose; that it is well that Pickett's gallant, glorious, heroic men wasted all their valor against the guns of Doubleday; that it is well that it was the men in Blue and not the men in Gray who slept that niglit on a field of victory. And we know that the great war had to be fought; that it is well that it was fought — well for the men of that day, well for us, well for those who are to come — a neces- sary, useful, splendid sacrifice whereby the whole race of men has been unlifted.
Our fathers — to quote again those deathless words — when they had brought forth their new nation, conceived in liberty and dedi- cated to the proposition that all men are born free and equal, de- fended that nation and made good that proposition with arms in their courageous hands. This Republic — this country of ours — this dear, dear country — so beloved, so free, so august, so renowned in the earth — is the child of war and victory. Because the men of the Colonies stood to their guns behind the rail fences on Bunker Hill; because Old Ironsides shot to splinters the Guerriere; because Taylor beat Santa Ana to his knees at Buena Vista; because the blood-"
I
Soul
202 Gettysburg Reunion.
"to the country and to the entire world is worth many times what it cost to bring the wearers of the Blue and the wearers of the Gray together at Gettysburg."
CALIFORNIA.
The San Francisco Examiner.
July 4th, 1913.
"THE LESSON OF A FAMOUS BATTLEFIELD."
"The jubilee on Gettysburg's famous field is the supreme justifica- tion of war and battle. That forty thousand old men should mingle their embraces and their tears above their common dead on the very ground where fifty years ago today they fought, is the high proof that those dead did not die in vain. Because those dead paid there the last full measure of devotion, the nation does live. Because they hallowed, because they consecrated that ground, government of the people, for the people, by the people has not perished from the face of the earth, and the prophecy which fell from the lips of the Great President has had its noble fulfillment.
The brave men who fought that battle — the brave men who fought to divide the Republic — the brave men who fought to keep it un- divided— doubted not, on either side, the justness of their quarrel, the goodness of their cause. We know the truth now. We see with clearer eyes. We know that it is well that the cause which lost did lose; that it is well that Pickett's gallant, glorious, heroic men wasted all their valor against the guns of Doubleday; that it is well that it was the men in Blue and not the men in Gray who slept that night on a field of victory. And we know that the great war had to be fought; that it is well that it was fought— well for the men of that day, well for us, well for those who are to come — a neces- sary, useful, splendid sacrifice whereby the whole race of men has been unlifted.
Our fathers — to quote again those deathless words — when they had brought forth their new nation, conceived in liberty and dedi- cated to the proposition that all men are born free and equal, de- fended that nation and made good that proposition with arms in their courageous hands. This Republic — this country of ours — this dear, dear country — so beloved, so free, so august, so renowned in the earth — is the child of war and victory. Because the men of the Colonies stood to their guns behind the rail fences on Bunker Hill; because Old Ironsides shot to splinters the Guerriere; because Taylor beat Santa Ana to his knees at Buena Vista; because the blood-"
Ot.tr Veteran Guests Frosi South Dakota.
Gettysburg Reunion. 208
"stained road that began at Bull Run ran to final Appomattox; be- cause the voice of victory spoke through the guns of Dewey — because of the deeds of her sons and their wars and their triumphs, the Re- public exists, a blessing to the world and to the ages.
This is the lesson of Gettysburg, that a nation must fight to live, that in a good cause men do well to die; that he who buys freedom and safety and sweet honor for his native land with his blood is a wise and careful merchant, paying but the just price of things so dear and so to be desired; that faith and loyalty and valor are the gains of hardships and sufferings and battle; and, finally, that if ninety millions of free people lie down to sleep this night, every man in peace and safety under his own roof-tree, it is because thou- sands of brave men fought to the death, fifty years ago, for the dear sake of yonder bright flag, in noble, righteous, glorious war."
KENTUCKY.
The Louisville Courier-Journal.
July 4th, 1913.
"GETTYSBURG— (1863-1913) ."
"It is historically agreed that Gettysburg was the decisive battle of the War of Sections. Had the Confederates won it they might have carried all before them. But, failing to win it, and having to retire into Virginia and take up the old lines of defense South of the Po- tomac, they could never hope again —
"Above the bayonets mixed and crossed
Men saw a great gigantic ghost
Receding through the battle cloud, And heard athwart the tempest loud
The death-cry of a nation lost."
It is claimed that if orders issued had been obeyed, Lee and not Meade, would have achieved the victory. Thus, if the claim be true, chance determined the result. But, from first to last, this mysteri- ous agency interposed at every critical juncture to checkmate the Confederates; the fall of Albert Sidney Johnston at Shiloh and of Stonewall Jackson at Chancellorsville; the timely arrival of the "Monitor" in Hampton Roads; the almost miraculous destruction of the "Albemarle" in the Roanoke River, to name only the more im- portant examples of what seemed special Providence. As if the disparity of forces was not enough, the cause of the Union was sup-"
204 Getti/shurg Reunion.
"plemented at every turning by the casualties of action. The best that can. be said of the South is that it stood so long against such odds.
At Vicksburg, on the occasion of the unveiling of the statue to General Stephen D. Lee in the National Cemetery, a battered but beaming old Confederate made his way to the platform, and in a voice breezy with good will exclaimed to General Frederick D. Grant, "Fred, old sport, I want to shake your hand, and with no hard feelings let me say that you never licked us — you just wore us out!"
That, taking into account the prevailing conditions, the South was willing to go to war seems now a kind of fatuity. No people were so happily situate. They had everything to lose, and nothing to gain, no matter what the issue might be. The trend of modern thought throughout the world was set against the institution of African slavery. Even if it had been the most benign and economic of labor systems, which it was not, it was doomed. No single re- liance of the more extreme and optimistic of Southern men held to the event; that cotton was King; that the North would not fight; that England and France would be compelled to intervene. All went wild.
Most wars that are not predatory may be described as illogical. Our War of Sections seems so when we reflect that after all its losses it left us where it found us. No problem was solved. We had to go back and build over again as best we might upon the old super- structure. "To bind up the nation's wounds; to care for him who shall have borne the battle, and for his widow and his orphan — -to do all which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace among ourselves and with all nations" — immortal words that still ring out from the grave of Lincoln — 'they apply equally to the South and the North to the end that "government of the people, by the people and for the people shall not perish from the earth."
Thank God for Gettysburg. * * * *
Hosana! God bless us every one, alike the Blue and the Gray, the Gray and the Blue! The world ne'er witnessed such a sight as this. Beholding, can we say, "happy the nation that hath no his- tory?" Perhaps, after all, the war was not in vain. God knows, and God is just and wise. And God is there today; upon the green hillsides, now decked with flowers, that ran with blood; in the blue skies once thick with powder clouds, now sweet with summer; march- ing heart-to-heart with the boys to the music of Heaven and the drum-beats of the Union "amid the cheers of Christendom," Hos- anna, in the Highest! — •
"God lives! He forged the iron will That clutched and held that trembling hill. God lives and reigns! He built and lent The heights for freedom's battlement, Where floats her flag in triumph still!"
Gettysburg Reunion. 205
"Fold up the banners! Smelt the guns! Love rules. Her gentler purpose runs.
A mighty mother turns in tears
The pages of her battle years, Lamenting all her fallen sons!"
INDIANA.
The Indianapolis Netvs.
'THE SECOND GETTYSBURG.'
July 4th, 1913.
"To the generation born since the Civil War it is Ward to realize how young the men were who fought its battles. How young they must have been is demonstrated by the large numbers who have, fifty years after Gettysburg, gathered once more on that battlefield. To be sure, many that have gone there this July have shown pathetically the effects of old age, and some have died there, though others have demonstrated in a wonderful way a capacity for hardship that is a reminder of the strength of the nation itself that passed through the great trial of war. Of course, the thought of the return to the old battlefield, the meeting of old comrades and the renewal of im- pressions connected with the deepest interests of their lives, must have been a strong force in drawing these old men again to the front. But that was not all. There was a sense of duty, too — a duty almost as hard to go forth to meet as to respond to the call of war in their eager youth.
It is sad to think to what a fearful stress of weather these men have been subjected in this second meeting at Gettysburg. The cruel heat of the sun has had an effect comparable to the hardships of war. Yet it has not been borne in vain. The spirit in which the old soldiers went forth a second time is effectively expressed in the words of one of them, overheard by a newspaper correspondent:
"I was talking with my wife about coming and we figured out it might be a pretty hard strain, but I said to her: 'This is most likely the last chance I'll have to do anything for the Union, and I'd like to do it fifty years from the time the Union was saved. It's going to mean something to all the younger generation to have us old fel- lows get together and show there isn't any hard feeling. It will take away the last excuse for the young people to cherish any sec- tional hatred. It's a duty we owe the country, about the last we can fill, most of us, and I figure out I ought to do it.'"
And so it has been a work well done. Along with the hardship"
206 Gettysburg Reunion.
"there must have gone much joy, and of this we all feel glad. We can only regret that the whole gathering has not been attended with comfort. But the hardship endured has not been in vain. Of the spirit shown at the first Gettysburg by both sides the. whole nation feels a pride mixed with a regret over the fearful division of the country that was the occasion of battle. For the spirit shown on both sides at the second Gettysburg there can only be unmixed re- joicing."
MARYLAND.
The Baltimore American.
July 5th, 1913.
"WILSON UPON GETTYSBURG.'
"President Wilson appears to have ignored the challenge sent him by the immortal speech of Lincoln upon the field of Gettysburg. Despite the predictions that he would use the occasion to produce a master- piece that would gem literature he was content to address his audi- ence in the words of simple and obvious intent, being much more concerned to lay emphasis upon the general good will of the Nation and its magnificent unity than to lift up new standards of service, to set forth slogans of conquest, to phrase the philosophies of the pres- ent in aphorisms of brilliance. His address was quite in keeping with the occasion and was sufficient for the demand made upon the President of the Union. The keywords of the address were union, valor and progress, the union of the people and the growing oneness of sentiment and principals; the valor of the present deeds to fit the noble endeavors of the past and the completion of the work of national advance in the direction worked out by the liberating in- fluence of Gettysburg. * * * * Surely the one chief enhancement that the spirit of the country has received at Gettysburg is a lesson in purer patriotism. The spirit of sacrifice there revived and the les- son of self-abnegation will abide in the consciousness of the people for a generation and the strangers within the gates, the teeming swarms of immigrants will catch much of the beauty of liberty and of service that the living panorama of Gettysburg during the Reunion of the veterans after fifty years, has presented. The host that met to clasp hands upon the field of their former strife will soon pass into the Great Beyond. But the hosts that have risen to take their places in peaceful avocations of life, should be of as sturdy char- acter and of as patriotic sentiments as those that fought in the war for the Union. * * * *"
Gettys'burg Reunion. 207
"The country needs strong sentiments today. It needs words that ring and invigorate. It needs that the spirit of Gettysburg sliall talte its place alongside the spirit of the Fourth of July — 'the spirit of inde- pendence— to lead the nation forward in the ways of peace through preparedness for war. Independence and Union are the great themes of the day, but these themes must not be allowed to rest in symbols and words but must be empowered in the armament without which a nation becomes impotent.
With the fall of the curtain upon the Reunion of the veterans the horizon of American life is brighter and the skies are clearer and the light of a common hope suffuses the land. The event has had a tremendous effect upon the patriotic sentiments of the Nation, and the world has taken knowledge of it as significant of the union, the loyalty and the liberty of the American people."
SOUTH CAROLINA.
The Charleston News and Courier.
July 5th, 1913.
"THE WOUNDS HEALED."
"The people of the United States have every reason to congratulate themselves upon the success of the celebration just concluded upon the battlefield of Gettysburg. The genuineness of the celebration, the absence of any untoward incident, the spirit of brotherhood there manifested show how completely this country has purged it- self in the short space of fifty years of every vestige of sectional bit- terness. That the metamorphosis has been so complete is an amaz- ing thing. The conflicting principles which brought on the war ap- peared at that time irresconcilable. The clash which resulted was so tremendous and so terrific that few would have dared prophecy that half a century would accomplish the healing of the wounds. Yet such is the fact; and the Second Gettysburg, a great victory for the North and for the South , is the best proof of it."
-OS Gettysburg Reunion.
PENNSYLVANIA.
The Philadelphia Inquirer.
'A GLORIOUS VICTORY."
July 6tli, 1913.
"Now that the Gettysburg Reunion is a matter of history it is well to call attention to the glorious victory achieved over the factors which usually make for disease and death on such occasions. There were at Gettysburg all told well-nigh 60,000 veterans, whose aver- age age was- well above seventy and many were above eighty. The number of deaths which occurred is surprisingly small, and only three have been traced directly to participation in the ceremonies. The death rate was much less than the normal if the men had staid at home. Doubless the inspiration of the event brought up new courage and lengthened rather than shortened the lives of those who were there.
Now all this was not a mere happy accident. It was the result of more painstaking care, more scientific preparation and a better discipline than has ever before been known on such an occasion. The camp was "policed" in a way that made it as healthy as any spot on earth. The food was good and abundant. The veterans were cared for as if in their own homes There were young Boy Scouts to wait on the older men and plenty of hospitals and nurses for those who were overcome with the heat. The surprising results are a mat- ter of gratification to all. The few unpleasant incidents arising from the arrival of those who were not expected were quickly dis- posed of to satisfaction.
For achieving all this much credit is due to many. The Battle- field Commission did everything in its power, which was a great deal. The Regular Army Officers had charge of the quartermaster de- partment and saw to the sleeping and feeding of the veterans. The Pennsylvania Commission deserves especial compliment for the way in which it handled an enormously diflacult problem with complete success. There never was anything better done in our history. It is a shining light compared, for instance, with what occurred at Chickamauga when the troops were rushed to that camp at the opening of the Spanish War.
We have spoken only of material results. As for the other and loftier results, no words can express them. It has been one of the most beneficial events in our history whose value will last for gen- erations. It is a great thing for a man to have said that he fought at Gettysburg. It is even greater to say that he was there last week at the Reunion, and the third and fourth generations will be proud of ancestors who participated in either or both. Pennsylvania had the heart of .the Nation as its guest and playecj the host to com- plete satisfaction."
The Old Way at Gettysburg, July, 'G:J . The "Old Canteen."
The New Way at (;^:TTYSBURG, July, 1!>1.' The Buhhlinff Ice Wafer Fountains .
Confederate Veterans, Battery Survivors, Revisiting the Spot After Half a Century.
Judge Hillyer Addressing the Reunion of the Georgia Veterans, Near Confederate Ave.
Ocltjis'burg Reunion. 209
OHIO.
The Cincinnati Enquirer.
July 6th, 1913.
"GETTYSBURG — (1863-1913)."
"Gettysburg was a name written in blood in the records of his- tory in 1863, and the crimson inscription is ineffaceable.
If those three days of battle brought triumph to the North they brought a glory to the South that time can never dim and that will make resplendent forever the memories of the men who wore the Gray.
The valor of the Confederates, the genius for battle of their lead- ers, the spirit to do and, if need be, to die, of their officers and men, but brightens the renown, heightens the fame of the heroes of the North who withstood the attacks of such splendid soldiers, who re- pulsed the rushes and charges of such valiant troops.
Martial story contains no more thrilling narrative than that ef- fort of the Virginians and North Carolinans under Pickett and Pet- tigrew to storm the very center of the Federal position.
Marshal Macdonald in his famous charge at Wagram, when the bones of his soldiers broke like glass as the Austrian cannons rended his columns, won his dukedom by his irresistible courage, but he faced no such formidable position, such veteran soldiers, such de- structive arms, as did the men of Virginia and North Carolina who marched to death upon the heights of Cemetery Ridge.
The Reunion fifty years after stands alone in the. annals of the world, for no similar event has ever taken place.
No country that Civil War has devastated ever recovered so quickly as did our own Republic; no Nation that was ever so divided was ever so quickly and so completely reunited as our Union, and none of the past centuries ever beheld the hearty, cordial, sincere affilia- tion of the soldiers of two hostile armies in a semi-centennial of the very climax of a great war as was witnessed at Gettysburg on the first four days of July, 1913.
The Reunion of the veterans upon the heights and valleys of Get- tysburg effaces every taint of resentment, or rancor, or of antagon- ism on account of the war, from the hearts of the people of the United States, and it has made stouter and stronger the bonds of patriotism which attach our citizens to their beloved country."
210 Gettyshurr/ Reunion.
WASHINGTON, U. C.
The WasMngtbn Post.
July 6th, 1913.
"BOY SCOUTS AT GETTYSBURG."
"In view of the stress that has been laid upon the looking-forward effects of the Great Reunion just concluded at Gettysburg, it would seem difficult to overemphasize the influence that the occasion has exercised upon the minds and hearts of the youth of this country. Hints of this truth have come bubbling to the surface in the mid- stream of more stirring events, in connection with the part played by the Boy Scouts in camp and on the field. No old soldier, it is said, could wander far from his comrades without one of the "Scouts" quickly and unostentatiously joining himself to the veteran of hard-fought battles, and that without reference to whether he wore the Blue or the Gray.
That the attraction was mutual seems also to have been equally certain. The withered hand was soon lain on the young shoulders, nor was it long until gray locks and boyish curls were brought close together as the tale of a vanished but never-to-be-forgotten day was poured into willing ears. Thus, the genuine practical aid given by the Boy Scouts to the aged men, as was the case over and over again during the Reunion, was more than paid back in a direct man- ner, not to dwell upon the constantly increasing value of the asso- ciations as they will be recalled in later years.
It is in the vital link thus forged between the passing and the coming generations that the great value of the Boy Scout contact with the veterans of the two armies really lies. It has always been a matter of regret that many of the heroic figures of the Nation loom before the youthful vision as abstractions rather than flesh and blood realities. The humanizing of history writing in recent years has partly remedied this defect. But the heart-to-heart confidences of men who had faith in a cause, and showed their willingnes to die for the faith, cannot but count for more than any printed page. Meade and Pickett, Grant and Lee, Gettysburg, and the Wilderness, must mean more for those boys now than they possibly could have meant before. Their patriotism and their loyalty will have been in- creased and made to grow more a part of themselves through these living associations. And to all others who believe those qualities worthy of being cherished and perpetuated there must come the feeling that each old "vet" handed on the heritage of the Nation's faith to his boy attendant, much as did the aged apostle to the youthful Timothy: "The things that thou has heard of me among many witnesses, the same commit thou to faithful men, who shall be able to teach others also."
Gettysburg Reunion. 211
MAINE.
The Portland Evening Express and Daily Advertiser.
July 9th, 1913.
"AFTER GETTYSBURG."
"Let us hope that the remarkable Reunion at Gettysburg will have one very important influence in our life. It was, thank Heaven, an occurrence to strike the imagination of the whole country; so that if we respond to it at all, the effect upon us will be precisely the one we need. And that is that we begin again to brag about our country. Spread-eagleism has its humors and its painful excesses; and yet, in the main, it is not a bad fault. It used to be a common trait with most of us, but of late years it has become the fashion to belittle America. Americans have become habituated to speaking lightly of their country. At least some Americans have fallen into the prac- tice. They travel abroad for a few months, and come home with very grand notions of the deficiencies of the home folks.
Now it is high time that we changed all this. And excellent rea- son we have for so doing. There never on earth occurred such an event as that Reunion at Gettysburg. One cannot conceive of such a thing happening in any other country. The one sad lack in it all was another Lincoln, to make us see and feel as w^e ought the tre- mendous poetry, the splendid significance, of that meeting in friendly handshaking of men who fifty years ago had fought each other with a valor never surpassed and scarcely equalled in all his- tory. A people who can at length rise superior to such an heroic difference of opinion has qualities of mind and character that make for greatness unmistakably.
There are those who visit the field of Gettysburg with sneers for the really hideous and grotesque monuments that mark the posi- tions of troops, or the spot where some heroic band made a great stand. But the very ugliness of these testimonials is their first merit. Many of them must have been carved by the village stone-cutter; and all the greater glory to him, splendid fellow. He was not aim- ing at art, he was doing something better; he was sincerely and honestly commemorating in his best fashion the glory of common men like himself who left the plow and counter to go out and be great. Art on such a field would be the sorriest sort of affectation. In the ugliness of those stone markers is the same passionate sin- cerity, the same homely honesty that first urged those men to fight there and lay down their lives for the salvation of their country. They stand for much more than the positions of companies and regi- ments; those stones stand for the great homely honest heart of this"
14
212 Gettysburg Reunion.
"people. And whoever cannot see this had better go home and be made sound again.
The most unthinking man cannot have read the accounts of those days at Gettysburg last week without, in spite of himself, feeling some inward glow of pride at the largeness of heart in us all that prompted such a unique reconciliation. It was a great achievement. The greatest poet might there have found a theme worthy of his fin- est powers. One of these days we shall evolve from our midst a great poet, able to rank with the best. In the meantime, if we cannot yet write great poems, we can live them. And living greatly is still a much more important thing than writing greatly."
WASHINGTON, D. C.
The National Tribune, (G. A. R.)
July 10th, 1913.
"THE GREAT PEACE JUBILEE."
"The great Peace Jubilee at Gettysburg has now passed into his- tory as one of the monumental events in American annals. It was all and more than all that its most sanguine promoters could have hoped for. Despite the predictions at the earlier meetings of the Commission, the attendance was far larger than had been calculated, and the spirit and enthusiasm of the event surpassed all expectation. The Army Officers reported 56,000 veterans of the Blue and Gray present in camp and provided for, while there were thousands of others who secured quarters in town or visited from neighboring places. While the weather was intensely hot and prostrating, it seemed to rather highten the spirit with which every one entered into the affair. Blue and Gray met each other with the utmost cordiality, and the veterans, despite the half century which had been added to their lives since the great battle, tramped over the battlefield inces- santly, recalled the events of the momentous struggle, sought eagerly the places where they had camped and fought, and met their op- penents with outstretched hand and glad greeting.
The Reunions in the Great Tent were crowded, every orator was welcomed with acclamation, and all that he said listened to with eager interest.
The moral, fraternal and patriotic results of the meeting seemed to be all that could possibly be hoped for. All the Confederates who were there were glad to be there to meet their old-time foes and to rejoice with them over a reunited country and the glory and pros- perity which had sprung from the result of the great struggle. While"
Gettysburg Reunion. 213
"the newspapers of the country are exploding a great deal of fireworks over the death of sectionalism, yet there was undoubtedly a substan- tial stride made toward softening.
"The memory of unhappy, far-off things, And dreadful battles long ago."
The meeting, however, was the culmination and following of what has been going on for many years in the way of obliterating Mason and Dixon's line and making the South as homogeneous a part of the country as the loyal States are. Hundreds of thousands of Union veterans and the sons and daughters of such have gone South of the Ohio River to make their homes there and help build up the coun- try, and hundreds of thousands of Confederate veterans and their sons and daughters have gone North to find better opportunities in life. The veterans and their sons and daughters who have gone South have done an immense work in changing the color of the South from its narrow provincialism to a national hue, while the Southerners who have come North have become greater Americans by the enlarge- ment of their horizon. The great Peace Jubilee was a public expres- sion of this change of feeling, and it was a happy thought to hold the celebration to make a visible display of the faith that is in all men.
In this connection too high praise cannot be given to the magnifi- cent Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, which first gave birth to the idea of the great celebration and then carried it out on an elevated plane of execution worthy of the great event. Whatever Pennsyl- vania does as a Commonwealth is always on a plane which makes our favorite adjectives of "royal" and "imperial" seem inadequate. Much as we may have read of the grandeur, of the wealth and magnifi- cence of great public functions by England, France and Germany, it would be hard to find a parallel for the way in which Pennsyl- vania carried out her function of host to the veterans of the two mighty armies which fought the Civil War. She put her ablest men at the head of the Commission for the celebration, and when Penn- sylvania puts her ablest men to the front something extraordinary is certain of accomplishment. General James M. Schoonmaker is an honor graduate of that wonderful college of men who do great things, the railroad managers of the country. He displayed a far- reaching planning, a generalship in the conduct of his forces and a certainty of execution that showed his place among the great rail- road men is well earned. With him, as his Chief Executive, and a man whose tact and diplomacy surmounted every obstacle, brought every individual interest into harmony and neglected no detail, was Lieutenant Colonel Lewis E. Beitler, the Secretary of the Commis- sion.
We always expect the highest range of human performance from the United States Army, whether it is to fight a great war, preserve the Nation's peace, carry out the country's relief and charity, or"
214 Gettysburg Reunion,
"manage some extraordinary function. The Army sliowed to Its best at Gettysburg. It was by far tlie greatest gathering of men in a single camp since the close of the Civil War; it differed from all other gatherings in the uncertainty of the numbers that would have to be entertained and accommodations that would have to be provided, and the peculiar conditions connected with the age and life habits of the veterans. It was something extraordinarily outside of the du- ties for which the oflBcers had been trained and the range of their studies and experience.
The preparations for the encampment had been, with much judg- ment, put in the hands of Major James E. Normoyle, of the Quarter- master's Department, with Major William R. Grove, of the Sub- sistence Department, and Captain H. F. Dalton, of the Quartermas- ter's Department, as his principal assistants. Major Normyole had previously shown conspicuous ability in handling the suffering at the time of the Mississippi River floods and in Ohio. Major Grove and Captain Dalton had also attracted attention by the high quality of their work on occasions of great emergency. The manner in which they handled the immense crowd, provided for every want and met 6very unusual emergency was beyond praise. They did all that fore- sight could do in advance to make the camp a place of comfort for the aged veterans, and when the number was suddenly increased be- yond all expectation they rose to the exigency in a magnificent way. Nothing could have been finer than the camp arrangements, and the food supply was abundant, of the highest quality and cooked in a manner that no first-class hotel could surpass. It was astonishing to go through the camps and find such wonderful appreciation and praise as was heard on every hand from the veteran guests. The veterans have a love and affection for the Army such as no citizen can feel, and the manner in which the Army entertained them at Gettysburg must be of the highest benefit to that organization in popularizing it and making the whole country proud of the way it was represented by its armed forces. Every veteran at Gettysburg will go home a missionary, to spread pride and affection for the Army in his community, and the result cannot help but be in the highest degree beneficial to our military establishment.
The great Peace Jubilee is now over, and we can, in the quiet though tfulness of our homes, review it calmly and critically. There can be no question that it was one of the most important events in the country's history, that it will be productive of immense good and that every one who was present will recall it as one of the happiest and most noteworthy events of his life."
214 Gettysburg Reunion.
"manage some extraordinary function. The Army sliowed to its best at Gettysburg. It was by far tlie greatest gathering of men in a single camp since the close of the Civil War; it differed from all other gatherings in the uncertainty of the numbers that would have to be entertained and accommodations that would have to be provided, and the peculiar conditions connected with the age and life habits of the veterans. It was something extraordinarily outside of the du- ties for which the officers had been trained and the range of their studies and experience.
The preparations for the encampment had been, with much judg- ment, put in the hands of Major James E. Normoyle, of the Quarter- master's Department, with Major William R. Grove, of the Sub- sistence Department, and Captain H. F. Dalton, of the Quartermas- ter's Department, as his principal assistants. Major Normyole had previously shown conspicuous ability in handling the suffering at the time of the Mississippi River floods and in Ohio. Major Grove and Captain Dalton had also attracted attention by the high quality of their work on occasions of great emergency. The manner in which they handled the immense crowd, provided for every want and met 6very unusual emergency was beyond praise. They did all that fore- sight could do in advance to make the camp a place of comfort for the aged veterans, and when the number was suddenly increased be- yond all expectation they rose to the exigency in a magnificent way. Nothing could have been finer than the camp arrangements, and the food supply was abundant, of the highest quality and cooked in a manner that no first-class hotel could surpass. It was astonishing to go through the camps and find such wonderful appreciation and praise as was heard on every hand from the veteran guests. The veterans have a love and affection for the Army such as no citizen can feel, and the manner in which the Army entertained them at Gettysburg must be of the highest benefit to that organization in popularizing it and making the whole country proud of the way it was represented by its armed forces. Every veteran at Gettysburg will go home a missionary, to spread pride and affection for the Army in his community, and the result cannot help but be in the highest degree beneficial to our military establishment.
The great Peace Jubilee is now over, and we can, in the quiet though tfulness of our homes, review it calmly and critically. There can be no question that it was one of the most important events in the country's history, that it will be productive of immense good and that every one who was present will recall it as one of the happiest and most noteworthy events of his life."
Gettysburg Reunion. 215
EXTRACTS.
From The Confederate Veteran, (U. G. V.)— Nashville, Tennessee.
August, 1913.
..* * * * * It ig believed that the world has scarce ever witnessed such a scene. Not more than a hundred yards distant — ^the President's clear patriotic voice reaching that sacred spot — is the Bloody Angle, where the flower of Virginia veterans under Pickett went to their doom, carrying the hopes of the Confederate cause with them.
On the platform just behind the President sits the daughter of General Meade, Miss Henrietta, his last surviving child, and several of his grandchildren, and about her are gathered, in Gray, distin- guished sons and daughters of the South — daughters of Confederate generals who were in that battle. United States Senators and Gov- ernors from the Southland with a chivalry that is as touching as it is beautiful are paying sincerest respect to the daughter of the great Union general who with blood and iron turned back the tide of Con- federate success.
Now the President closes his brief address — almost as short as that of the immortal Lincoln on that other dedication day — and from ten thousand throats goes up a mighty shout of rejoicing. It is the ecstatic shout of a people who realize as never before that the day of differences and jealousies is past. It is the glad echo of him who de- clared on this same field that this is a government of the people, for the peopTe, and by the people, and that it must not perish from the earth. From this immortal field will return to their homes fifty thousand grizzled veterans of the Blue and the Gray, who henceforth will preach a new gospel of fraternity and charity.
The relations between the old veterans of the different sections were from first to last the most cordial — so cordial, in fact, as to be a matter of special notice to the thousands of civilians who mingled daily with the old soldiers in their camps. On Wednesday evening Massachusetts took a notion that it would be a great "stunt" to call on the Confederates in a body. The big Massachusetts band was accord- ingly called into requisition, and in fifteen minutes thousands of Massachusetts "Yankees" were in line behind the band marching in ranks of four in the direction of the Confederate camps. Massa- chusetts, however, could not monopolize the glory. Ohio, whose quarters were nearest Massachusetts, fell in, and then New Jersey, until thousands of "Bluecoats" were making a descent upon the "Johnnies."
But the "Johnnies" were no more to be caught napping than they were that day fifty years before. When the head of the Massachusetts column reached the focc of the Virginia camp, they found Virginia"
216 Gettysburg Reunion.
"and Georgia lined up on each side with bared heads. Then came a scene that was indescribable. The enemies of four years' bloody fight- ing wept like children.. The lines were broken and the march as it reached Swell's old headquarters was more of an old-fashioned Vir- ginia love feast than a military pageant.
Georgia quickly called out the Atlanta drum corps and marched to the scene a thousand strong. "Yankee Doodle" and "Way Down South in Dixie" were played by the bands and sung by the marchers in- discriminately.
* * * * The Gettysburg gathering was the most w^onderful occasion of the kind that ever took place. History never has recorded such a remarkable event, such a colossal, munificent and hearty greeting of former foes."
From the London Times, England.
Cabled by its Correspondent at Gettysburg, July 4th, 1913.
"* * * * There can be little doubt that the Grand Reunion has been a great and memorable lesson. Pathetic many of its features must have been; for instance, the re-enactment yesterday, of Pickett's famous but unsuccessful charge by a tottering handful of survivors; but from one end of the country to the other the mingling of the Blue and Gray has been heralded as eradicating forever the scars of the civil war in a way that no amount of preaching or political maneuvering could have done."
From the London Telegraph, England. Cabled by its Correspondent at Gettysburg, July 4th, 1913.
"European civilization with its centuries of strife and bloodshed has not yet furnished a spectacle comparable to that witnessed to- day on the historic battlefield of Gettysburg.
Here fifty years ago 80,000 men representing the Array of the North clashed with the 75,000 of the Southern Confederates in the de- cisive battle of America's Civil War, and there again today were 40,- 000 men, all survivors of the Civil War, including several thousand actually engaged in the great fight; grizzled veterans bearing the scars of time, * * * * and present also was the President of the Republic.
It is impossible to spend a day in this tented city on the slopes of green pastures, where brave men fought and died so that the Re- public might live, without proving that every American realizes that the North and South have trodden under fheir feet the bitter seeds of hate and anger and in their place have upsprung the pure flowers of friendship, esteem and affection."
Oettyshurg Reunion. 217
"Northerners and Southerners, about 500 all told, survivors of Pickett's charge and the resisting forces clasped hands across the barricade and cheered, while some old fellows, overwrought by their exertions in the tropical heat, broke down and wept.
In honor of the known and unknown dead of both armies to whose memory Gettysburg has been hallowed and consecrated by President Lincoln in a speech which still endures as a master-piece of Eng- lish oratory and literature — America's greatest poem, it is called here — there was enacted today a wonderfully impressive and unique ceremonial.
Precisely at midday * * * * high officers of the Army and Navy, surrounded by a goodly company of veterans of the North and South, gathered at the base of the flagstaff outside the camp headquarters. Just as the bells of Gettysburg tolled the hour of twelve, there was a salute by a battery of artillery, the "Stars and Stripes" were lowered and then for five solemn, sacred minutes all that mighty host of grizzled veterans, some feeble old men, tottering on the brink of the grave, regulars of the United States Army, in the prime of their strength and manhood, Boy Scouts of America — as good, true and loyal servants here as those under Baden-Powell, on your side — and civilians, stood silently at attention."
The actions taken at Gettysburg during the Reunion by our Veteran Guests, — by the Gray, by the Blue, by the Blue and the Gray jointly, and later by the officials of the Grand Army of the Republic, by the officials of the United Confederate Vet- erans, and by the Grand Army of the Republic in its Forty- seventh Annual Encampment, are here recited, as follows: —
At the meeting of the ex-Confederates at Gettysburg, July 2nd, 1913, president over by General Andrew J. West, of Georgia, the following Resolutions were unanimously adopted: —
"RESOLVED, By the ex-Confederates at Gettysburg assembled, that our thanks are due and are hereby tendered, to the State of Penn- sylvania for initiating the movement which has made it possible for the survivors of the two great armies which fought on this illus- trious field fifty years ago, to meet in friendship here today and plant a Monument of Peace — a monument which shall stand as the symbol of American valor, manhood and brotherhood.
RESOLVED, That we thank the Government of the United States for the magnificent and munificent manner in which it has seconded the efforts of the State of Pennsylvania in carrying forward this great work of Peace and Fraternity between the Blue and Gray; and with-"
218 Gettysburg Reunion.
"out any self-abasement whatsoever, we desire to reaffirm and pledge anew, not only ourselves but all our loyal Southland, to the utmost loyalty to the Government of the United States and to the Flag of our Country.
RESOLVED, That we take pride in the fact that to the armies of the Confederacy is due the credit of demonstrating the utter impos- sibility of the dismemberment of the Union. When we consider that 600,000 men, the very flower of chivalry, as good material as was ever organized into a fighting force, directed by such commanders as our revered Robert E. Lee and his lieutenants, and inspired by a sectional devotion such as has not elsewhere been known in his- tory— failed to separate the States, we see that the demonstration was complete, that the thing could not be done; and our failure must give pause to those who, in the future, would contemplate such an undertaking.
RESOLVED, That we take this occasion to publicly thank the State of Pennsylvania Commission for its patriotic and untiring ef- forts in carrying out the great work entrusted to its hands, and so admirably conducted by its very efficient officers, Colonel James M. Schoonmaker, Chairman, and Lieutenant Colonel Lewis E. Beitler, Secretary, and
RESOLVED, That our thanks are also due to Major James E. Nor- moyle, of the United States Quartermaster's Department, and those under his direction, for so admirably carrying out the Government's provisions for caring for those who might participate in this great Peace Reunion."
In the closin^^ hours of July 4th at Gettysburg-, the follow- ing Greetino; was prepared by Colonel S. A. Cunningham, Rep- resentative from Tennessee to our Commission, and the Editor of "The Confederate Veteran," further showing the senti- ments of our veteran guests from the Southland: —
"At Gettysburg, July 4, 1913. ■ Confederate Veterans to the Veterans of the Union Army who fought them fifty years ago. Greeting: —
During these anniversary days of the Battle of Gettysburg we have been the guests of the State of Pennsylvania in hospitality that sur- passes all records in history. For this fraternal, patriotic service we are sincerely grateful. The State that has been so unstinted in honoring its heroic d"ead of every battlefield where its citizen sol- diers suffered privation and death, and that has so royally enter- tained the veteran soldiers of all the States in this great Union, de- serves lasting gratitude of patriots, and we of the South who fought under the other flag feel impelled to express formally while here our sentiments.
We also desire to record profound gratitude to the rank and file of your men from all the States here represented who risked their lives"
A "Flash" of the Past
'MlU tjLlKlEK SeE,\L.-
Music and Flags Together.
Gettysburg Reunion. 219
"that the Union be perpetuated. For this universal expression of your Idndness we confess our surprise beyond anything that has occurred during the past half century, and Ave cannot but feel that you have in fact through these years been what you demonstrated you were in battle.
We decry the statement that it took time to soften asperities, for there never was personal bitterness between the men who fought for their convictions; and we believe that had you known the true conditions in our prostrated Southland following President Lincoln's death, which distressed us equally with yourselves, wherein camp followers subjected us to prolonged persecution, you would have gone South again and proved your appreciation of your equally pa- triotic foes.
In conclusion. Comrades, now that the battle of life is near an end with all of us, may the Omnipotent God reward you in accord with your sincerity."
The following, as representing both tlie Blue and the Gray, was also presented this Commission:^ —
"At Gettysburg, July 5, 1913. On the ev5 of our departure from Gettysburg we who have been privileged to participate in the fiftieth anniversary of the battle bear testimony to the complete success of the Reunion, and to the rich blessings that have come to us as individuals, and will surely flow in refreshing streams to every portion of our reunited country; and that our fellow citizens of all sections of our country may know that friendship and good vvill have been completely restored between the surviving veterans of the great war we recommend the formation of an organization of the Blue and the Gray to meet in national conven- tion at least once a year.
Ell Torrance, Chairman, General Committee, Grand Army of the Republic.
C. Irvine Walker, Chairman, United Confederate Veterans' Gen- eral Committee.
General Felix H. Robertson, Texas, U. C. V.
Captain William H. Harries, Iron Brigade, U. S. V.
Major John Bigelow, Commander, Ninth Massachusetts Battery, known as Bigelow's Battery, U. S. V.
Colonel Andrew Cowan, Kentucky, U. S. V.
Major John B. Pirtle, Bates' Division, C. S. A."
220 Gettyshurg Reunion.
Following this, Alfred B. Beers, Commander-in-Cliief of the Grand Army of the Republic, oflQcially expressed the senti- ment of his comrades and himself thus: —
"HEADQUARTERS GRAND ARMY OF THE REPUBLIC,
Bridgeport, Connecticut, July 25, 1913.
General Orders No. 7.
"1i^^^ 1. The Gettysburg Celebration was held July 1st to 4th, ^^^ as announced and was a grand success from every point of view. It is estimated that more than fifty thousand veter- ans were in 'attendance. The United Confederate Veterans were largely represented and took an active part. Your Commander-in-Chief and Bennett H. Young, Commander-in- Chief of the United Confederate Veterans, spoke from the same platform at the first meeting on the first day of July, 1913, and gave the keynote of welcome and patriotism which permeated the whole Celebration. The utmost harmony prevailed throughout the Celebration. The "Boys in Blue" and the "Boys in Gray" fraternized together as though they had never been engaged in warfare against each other, and parted the best of friends.
The declarations of attachment to the Union and the Flag by the speakers and members of both organizations were universal. The walls of prejudice and enmity, if any had existed, were broken down and each army vied with the other in patriotism and friendliness. The good results of this meeting to our country at large are incalculable and will be felt more and more as time goes on.
The Celebration was made possible by the magnificent liberality of the State of Pennsylvania which appropriated about four hundred and fifty thousand dollars for that purpose and to aid its veterans, while the United States Government contributed one hundred and fifty thousand dollars and the services of troops in the establishment and maintenance of the camp.
The Grand Army through its efficient Committee, of which Past Commander-in-Chief Ell Torrance was chairman, aided largely in making the Celebration a success. The work of preparing for such a Celebration and constructing and carrying on a camp of such mag- nificent proportions, was a herculean task and great credit is due the Commission acting in behalf of the State of Pennsylvania and the Officers of the Regular Army having the camp in their charge.
The censensus of opinion is that the camp, in all its details, was a success and gave satisfaction to those who accepted the liberal ac- commodations and rations provided for them.
While distinctions are invidious it is but justice to say that the credit for the laborious work of preparing tlie camp and the enter- tainment of the veterans is due to the energy, perseverance and self- sacrificing efforts of Major Normoyle and Major Grove of the Regu- lar Army, in the immediate charge of that work, while the work of"
Gettpsdurg Reunion.
221
"the Secretary of the Commission was performed by Col. Lewis E. Beitler, who won the commendation of every one for his activity, energy and suavity in the discharge of the delicate and many times trying duties of his office. ********
By Command of
ALFRED B. BEERS,
Commander-in-Chief. Official:
HENRY J. SEELEY,
Adjutant-General."
General C. Irvine Walker, Past Commander-in-Chief of the United Confederate Veterans, and, since May, 1912, Chairman of its General Committee on Gettysburg Reunion, which was then created, followed this with an official communication, reading : —
GETTYSBURG, 1913
JULY 1st TO 4th SEMI-CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION
Office of GEN. C. IRVINE WALKER Chairman U. C. V. Committee.
Pennsylvania Gettysburg Commission :
GEN'L J. M. SCHOONMAKER,
Pittsburgh, Pa., Chairman. COL. LEWIS E. BEITLER.
Room 509, Capitol, Harrisburg, Pa., Secretary.
GEN'L WM. D. DIXON, COL. E. BRUCE RICKETTS,
MA.T. ALEX. Mcdowell,
CAPT. IRVIN K. CAMPKELL, CAPT. W. .T. PATTERSON, CAPT. WILLIAM E. MILLER, GEN'L J. M. SCHOONMAKER. CAPT. GEORGE F. BAER, CAPT. JOHN P. GREEN.
United Confederate Veterans Committee :
GEN'L C. IRVINE WALKER, (Honorary Commander-in-Chief U. C. V.)
CHAIRMAN. Ala.... COL. W. W. SCREWS, Ark. ..GEN'L THOMAS GREEN, SR., Fla.... GEN'L A. D. WILLIAMS,
Ga
Ky....C0L. GEO. C. NORTON,
La GEN'L T. W. CASTLEMAN,
Md....HON. RANDOLPH BARTON, Miss ..HON. T. E. COOPER, Mo.... GEN'L J. WM. TOWSON, No.Ca. HON. A. W. GRAHAM, Okla.. GEN'L JOHN THREADGILL, So. Ca.COL. C. K. HENDERSON, Tenn..COL. S. A. CUNNINGHAM, Texas .GEN'L FELIX H. ROBERTSON,
Va GEN'L J. THOMPSON BROWN,
W.Va..COL. R. PRESTON CHEW, N. W. Div....COL. J. P. REINS. Pac. Div GEN'L W. C. HARRISON.
"Charleston, S. C, August 15th, 1913. General J. M. Schoonmaker,
Chairman Pennsylvania-Gettysburg Commission, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. My Dear General: — I cannot allow another day to pass without thanking you and the great State of Pennsylvania, speaking not only for myself but for all my Confederate Comrades, for the privi-"
222 Gettysburg Reunion.
"lege we recently enjoyed of taking part in the Great Reunion at Gettysburg. I do this in advance of my official report to the United Confederate Veterans, and all that I say now in giving expression to our appreciation, will be embodied in that report, to be made to our next Reunion in May, 1914.
This Committee went actively to work last May to induce the larg- est possible attendance of Confederate Veterans at said Celebration. We were sadly hampered because, of the Southern States, Missouri, West Virginia and Oklahoma alone made ample definite appropria- tions, while in South Carolina and Virginia only partial aid was given to send their veterans. All others had to pay their own trans- portation. I think I am far within bounds when I say there were more Confederate veterans who paid their own expenses of trans- portation than Union veterans. The result achieved was the pres- ence of over eight thousand five hundred Confederate veterans at the Celebration, which is a most magnificent evidence of the deep inter- est taken by our Southern people in the Great Peace Reunion, and of the faithfulness and success of the efforts of this Committee. It was a supreme satisfaction to me to have been in an official position which enabled me to influence my Confederate Comrades, to have had it in my heart to do it, and to have so contributed thereby, to the estab- lishment of peace, amity and good will in our country.
It gives me the utmost pleasure to be able to say for my Commit- tee and for all my comrades, that the Gettysburg Celebration of 1913 was in their judgment a most complete success from every possible standpoint, and that we all thanked a Divine Providence that we had been spared and were able to participate in the Celebration dur- ing those glorious days on that historic field. When, on the morn- ing of July 1st, 1913, the sun arose above the hilltops around the quaint old town of Gettysburg, it shone upon a scene unparalleled in the history of the world. Gathered there on one of the greatest bat- tlefields of the War of the Sixties, were fifty thousand of the Boys in Blue and in Gray; not meeting in strife, but in holy peace, amity and good fellowship. To celebrate the fiftieth anniversary of a most bloody battle, in which they were contestants, these one-time bitter foes met as comrades, burying forever the animosities of the past. Could such an event have been possible to any other people than the progressive Americans, a Nation born of patriotic sacrifice and devotion, so emphatically demonstrated on that very spot?
To me the Camp was the greatest illustration I ever expect to see, this side of Heaven, of the working of the Golden Rule on an im- mense scale, for everybody seemed to want to make other people happy. I have been glad to tell many people what a Georgia soldier said to a group of Pennsylvanians and others, "We have broken bread together; I do not call this a meal — I call it a Sacrament." May it indeed be so, and may all who met there so happily, spend our few remaining years in love of God and man. The supreme char- acteristic of the 1913 Reunion at Gettysburg — for it was not simply a gathering, but most truly a Reunion, was Peace — blessed Peace. Not a"
^
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"Not Now Dangerous.
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And This is Why.
Confederate Veterans at Their Old Gun on Confederate Ave.
The Blue and the Gray at the Pennsylvania MoNUiiKNT on United States Avenue.
Gettysburg Reunion. 223
"single mishap or unpleasantness occurred to disturb the God-like Peace which reigned on that battlefield during the week, because the veterans present carried deep in their hearts the determination to make friends and keep peace, which insensibly governed every living soul there, whether he wore the Gray or the Blue. So wonderful was this, that it almost seems to have been beyond human power, and that Divinity itself must have hallowed the Reunion. Every one sim- ply ignored the differences which led to the war between the States. Let us forever bury such differences, while we reverentially preserve all the glory of the imperishable valor, won by the Boys in Gray and in Blue. The peace prevailing during that week at Gettysburg was made possible by entombing on the field all the disputes and clamors which led to the clash of arms on that spot fifty years ago. This was what the old gray-haired veterans who met at Gettysburg did — they simply ignored the dissensions of the past. Each recog- nized that the other did his duty as he saw it. It was useless to dis- cuss further an "unsettleable" question. They settled it on the only practicable basis, — by burying it beyond resurrection. The influence of this must spread over our country, uniting us, not in a forced Union, but in loving and patriotic sympathy and good fellowship. To bring this about, was worth all the money, all the time and all the energy bestowed on the creation and management of that Great Reunion. To all who contributed by such effort or by participation, this Nation Avill forever remain the debtor.
While there are many examples from the history of the past, of devoted love for one's native land, inspiring the people of even in- significent countries to deeds of heroic patriotism, yet such must be largely stimulated when the greatness and strength of one's own Na- tion is worthy of such acts of devotion. The demonstration on that spot of the vast resources of our country did much to arouse our pride thereof and patriotism therefor. It was seen that the nation was willing and able to give liberally for a purely sentimental event. A high and noble sentiment most certainly, but one which gave no immediate return in material advantage. And it was seen that for such a sentiment it v/as willing and could promote a Camp the like of which has never before been seen in America. There was pro- vided miles of tentage to house over fifty thousand veterans, with every convenience and appliance for their substantial comfort therein and the tremendous and adequate equipment for feeding such a vast assemblage. All that the United States officials and those of the State of Pennsylvania did on that occasion, demonstrated the im- mensity of the resources of our Government — National and State. Every veteran, both Blue and Gray, fully realized that he was one of the people of a great, good and responsible Government and their patriotism must have been excited by the pride they must have felt in being citizens of this great Nation, and they must have all taken an enlarged view of the grandeur, the devotion, the patriotism of the American soldier. There was brought directly home to every one a"
224 Gettysburg Reunion.
"deep appreciation of the fact that all the valor and all the heroic self sacrifice, was not the exclusive attribute of either "Yank" or "Reb." Each found much to admire in the other. The keynote of the entire re- union was not a glorification of the heroic charge of Pickett's and Pettigrew's men, or the magnificent gallantry with which the Blue line on Cemetery Ridge repulsed that charge, but the height of glory and heroic manhood attained by both, forever to be unified as that of the American soldier. No North, no South, no East, no West, but all Americans, proud of their country, and ever willing to sac- rifice all, but honor, to make it a happy dwelling place for their heirs forever.
Oh! that the entire American people could have been gathered on the surrounding hill-tops and looked down upon that encamp- ment. The most vivid illustration since CHRIST walked the earth, and this side of Heaven, of the working of the Golden Rule. The Press, has however, carried the glad tidings to all parts of our land. No hamlet or isolated farm house but what has heard the tale. It has united us as we have never been for years, if ever.
The generation to which the veterans belong has witnessed many wonderful events, many almost miraculous, and a thousand won- ders have marked the progress of their lifetime, but the greatest of all is the Gettysburg Reunion, where the combatants within fifty years of a bitter war have met on one of its greatest battlefields to embrace as brothers and fellow patriots.
Were I to begin to specify all the good things we enjoyed or to thank those who gave them to us, I could never stop. From the mo- ment the "Veterans stepped from the cars at Gettysburg until the whistle blew for his departure, he had that comfort, care and lov- ing attention which made him a happy man. Where all, the high and the low, the States and the individuals, did so much and did it so well, I would be afraid to name a man or an officer to whom the veterans are especially indebted for the happiness of that week. I propose, however, to be bold enough to dare name one man to whom above all else is credit due for the thorough organization, his untir- ing energy and wonderful executive ability, your Commission's Sec- retary, Colonel Lewis E. Beitler; and one State, which as the host, was so generous and so bountiful, as to just win the hearts of all, which State we will forever hold in loving remembrance and grati- tude— the great Commonwealth of Pennsylvania — whose unbounded hospitality and thought and work made practicable and enjoyable the entire occasion. But above all, as bringing the desired peace and harmony and good will, was your good Governor Tener, when he wiped away every shred of intolerance and bid a hearty welcome alike to the Confederates in Gray uniforms and the Union veterans in Blue.
Thank GOD that He blessed the Gettysburg Peace Reunion of 1913"
Well, Comrade, Good-bye.
Farewells, July 4th.
Gettysburg Reunion. 225
"with the presence of the Spirit of His Holy SON, proclaiming "Peace on earth, good will towards men." With the highest personal consideration and respect, I am, yours most truly,
C. IRVINE WALKER, Chairman U. C. V. Committee on Gettysburg Reunion."
In the Introductory of tlie Journal of the Forty-Seventh National Encampment of the Grand Army of the Republic, which Encampment was held at Chattanooga, Tennessee, September ISth and IDth, 1913, there appears the following: —
"The Fiftieth Anniversary of the Battle of Gettysburg, made pos- sible by the munificent generosity of the grand old State of Pennsylva- nia, and the Reunion of the Union and Confederate veterans on that memorable field, will go down in history as the most notable event oc- curring in the United States since the close of the Civil War in 1865. The gathering was honored by the presence of the President of the United States and many of his cabinet officers, Senators and Members of Congress, the Governors of a large number of the States, North, South, East land West, army officers of high rank, and last, but not least, by the presence of nearly sixty thousand of the veteran officers and soldiers of both the northern and southern armies, the most of whom took part in that gigantic conflict. It was not only an anni- versary of the battle; it was a meeting and a reunion of those who once fought against each other on that bloody field, the one to destroy the Union, the other to preserve it; but to whom time had brought that clearer vision which enabled them all to see that the results of that engagement, and of the final triumph of the Union cause, worked for the greatest good of all the people of our land, and established our Union on a basis so firm and enduring that the wiaves of time can never shake its foundations, nor the passions of men disturb its peace again.
Whatever of a spirit of enmity there may have existed between the men who fought against each other from '61 to '65, was consigned to oblivion, and those who were one-time enemies in the field, harmon- ized land fraternized as brothers and citizens of a great and glorious republic, and pledged anew their fealty to the Union and its Flag. The result of this meeting cannot help but be a binding together of all our people in firmer bonds than ever before, and result in lasting benefit to our country."
The retiring Commander-in-Chief, Alfred B. Beers, in his Official Address to the above Encampment said : —
"The Fiftieth Anniversary of the Battle of Gettysburg was held July 1st to 4th inclusive on that historic battlefield. The occasion was made possible by the generosity of the great and loyal State of Perm-"
226 Gettysburg Reunion.
"sylvania, whicli appropriated over four hundred thousand dollars for that purpose, the United States Government contributing about one hundred and fifty thousand dollars, and the use of camp equipage and services of officers and troops. It is estimated that fifty-five thou- sand veterans took part in the event, of whom about nine thousand were ex-Confederate soldiers. The Commander-in-Chief, Junior Vice- Commander-in-Chief Whedon, Chaplain-in-Chief Lovejoy, Adjutant General Seeley, Quartermaster-Generial Stowits, Comrade W. H. Armstrong of the Executive Committee of the National Council of Administration, and Past Commander-in-Chief Ell Torrance, Chair- man of your Committee on Gettysburg Celebration, were present as invited guests. Your Commander-in-Chief by invitation, made an ad- dress on the opening day, which was followed by an address by Ben- nett H. Young, Commander-in-Chief of the United Confederate Vet- erans.
The wonderful and unparalleled spectacle of those who fought against each other in one of the most sanguinary and decisive bat- tles of modern times, meeting again on the same battlefield, fifty years after, in peace and amity, and each declaring their devotion to their reunited country and its fiag, and each hailing patriotic ut- terances with enthusiasm and cheers, was one never before wit- nessed and one never to be forgotten. The benefits of the meeting and its results to our Republic cannot be estimated, but its value will become more and more apparent as time goes on.
Past Commander-in-Chief Trimble is entitled to much of the honor and credit of bringing about the kindly feeling between the Grand Army of the Republic and the United Confederate Veterans which made the fraternal meeting possible, an(J to him acknowledgment is made.
Past Commander-in-Chief Torrance performed his duty as Chairman of the Committee of the Order with unswerving fidelity and unvarying tact and geniality, and his judgment was many times sought by the Commission in the performance of their duties. The Report of the Committee will be before you and will give the proceedings more in detail."
The Official Eeport of Judge Torrance, Chairman of the Grand Army of the Republic's General Committee on the Gettysburg Reunion, which was then presented the Encamp- ment, was enthusiastically received, and its recommendations unanimously adopted, it reading as follows: —
"To the Forty-Seventh Annual Encampment, G. A. R. Comrades: — Your Committee on the Fiftieth Anniversary of the Battle of Gettysburg, begs leave to submit its final report and to avoid repetition respectfully refers to its three former reports as pub- lished in the Journals of the 44th, 45th and 46th National Encamp- ments of the Grand Army of the Republic."
Gettysburg Reunion. 227
"The Celebration surpassed in every particular the highest expecta- tions of those most deeply interested in the success of the event.
More than 50,000 veterans participated in the Reunion, most of whom had passed the alloted period of human life, and notwith- standing the toilsome journeys made from distant parts of the coun- try, with the attendant changes in the mode of living and the severe mid-summer heat, the total deaths were less than those sustained by many a company that fought in the great battle fifty years ago.
Never in the world's history were so many guests so royally en- tertained under such marvellously happy circumstances, as at Get- tysburg.
Pennsylvania was host and her hospitality was so generous and permeated by such a patriotic spirit that she fairly won and justly deserves the lasting gratitude of every American patriot.
The official programme extended over a period of four days, but the Great Camp was open and occupied for practically one week. The innumerable Incidents of friendliness and cordial good will on the part of the survivors of the two Armies, demonstrated that the last embers of the formers days had been wiped out, and was a pledge that henceforth there should be proclaimed on American soil a new gospel of fraternity and national brotherhood unparalleled in the world's history of Civil Wars.
The public addresses were many and generally of a high order of merit. The President of the United States and the members of his Cabinet, the Vice-President, the Speaker of the House of Representa- tives, Committees from both Houses of Congress and the Governors of many States, were officially present and took part in the exercises. The address of the President was delivered almost within hearing of the spot where the topmost wave of Confederacy broke. On the platform sat the daughter and last surviving child of General Meade; also the daughter of General A. P. Hill, and the son of General Long- street. The occasion was awesome, the scene dramatic and the depth of feeling unfathomable.
While the interest continued unabated throughout the celebration, it never surpassed the meeting on the first day when the Commanders- in-Chief of the Grand A.rmy of the Republic and of the United Con- federate Veterans spoke from the same platform.
The address of General Bennett H. Young, Commander-in-Chief of the United Confederate Veterans was marked by the deep feeling and fervid eloquence of the Southern born orator and declaratory of a country transformed from emnity to amity and solidified by a Na- tional patriotism and a common American citizenship.
The address of the Commander-in-Chief Alfred B. Beers, whose address was followed by that of General Young, was received with universal approval and was worthy of the time and place and of the great organization he so efficiently and honorably represents. His message emphasized the spirit of a national brotherhood that would knit together all sections of our country in fraternal comradeship,"
15
228 Gettyshurg Reunion.
"and enable this Republic to maintain a foremost place among the Na- tions of the earth in all that makes for the uplift and betterment of the human race.
Your committee regards the address of the Commander-in-Chief worthy of preservation in the ofBcial records of this organization, and to that end makes it a part of this report.*
Before entering upon his address Commander-in-Chief Beers called on every one present "who loved the Union and the flag" to rise and give three cheers in honor of Governor Tener and the State of Penn- sylvania, who had made the celebration possible. Every person in the audience, the Blue, the Gray, and the citizen alike, responded, and the cheers were enthusiastic and long continued.
The attendance of Confederate veterans was estimated to be from seven to nine thousand.
Virginia and Kentucky were both represented by Governors who had served in the Confederate Army — Virginia by William Hodges Mann and Kentucky by James B. McCreary.
Of the general officers who took part in the Battle of Gettysburg. Generals Daniel E. Sickles. John R. Brooke and Lewis A. Grant of the Army of the Potomac, and General E. M. Law, of the Army of Northern Virginia, were present.
Thirty-one Northern States made appropriations to send their veterans to Gettysburg. In some cases the appropriations were for the benefit of those only who had taken part in the battle; in others all were included, and in almost every case provision was made for sending all the ex-Confederate soldiers having a residence in these respective States.
South Carolina and Kentucky also made appropriations; the total of the thirtynthree States aggregating $1,033,000.00, of which Penn- sylvania gave $450,000.00.
Many contributed to the success of the celebration , but in this as in other great undertakings the chief responsibility rested upon a few, and it will not detract from the fidelity of the many to specially mention some of these burden bearers.
To the Commission acting in behalf of the State of Pennsylvania, un- qualified praise is due for the fidelity and ability with which its tre- mendous task, covering a period of over four years, was performed.
The Commission was composed entirely of veteran soldiers, who in character and ability, had no superiors. During the greater part of the life of the Commission, Comrade Louis Wagner, Past-Com- mander-in-Chief . was its Chairman, and under his administration the Governors of all the States and the Legislatures in session were directly reached and practically interested in the Celebration, and Comrade Wagner deserves the sincere thanks of the Grand Army of the Republic, for his broad patriotism, wide vision, and sound judgment, that so largely contributed to the success of the event, and"
♦See pages, 102-104 this Report.
Our Veteran Guests Departing, July 4th.
'Johnnys" Cheering the "Yanks" Good-rye.
Gettyshur-g Reunion. 229
"in creating an enduring fraternal relationship between all parts of our country.
General James M. Schoonmaker, having succeeded General Wag- ner, (resigned), rendered conspicuous service and won the com- mendation of all for his courtesy, zeal, energy and extraordinary ability displayed in satisfactorily solving all questions relating to rail- way transportation.
Lieutenant Colonel Lewis E. Beitler, Secretary of the Commission, was one of the few indispensable men who not only managed things at Gettysburg, but Itefore Gettysburg. For two years prior to the Celebration he gave his entire time and unsurpassed ability, un- daunted by difficulties and discouragements, to the success of the reunion, and it is not too much to say that his services could not have been dispensed with. The duties of his office were varied, try- ing, delicate and often complicated, and required for their acceptable performance, tact, patience and sound judgment, all of which he possessed and exercised to the satisfaction of his associates and those who participated in the Celebration.
Governor Tener heartily co-operated with the Commission in its labors, and during the Celebration represented his State with great honor and credit.
The Regular Army won new laurels in its over-sight of the Great Camp and for the manner in which it provided for the comfort, health and convenience of the veterans. The Camp was unprece- dented in size, completeness and attractiveness. The food was wholesome, varied and bountiful; the sanitation was modern and thorough, the water pure and abundant, and the hospital service adequate and instantly available. For the efficient and admirable manner in which this service was performed, great credit is due to General Hunter Liggett, Commander of the camp, to Major J. E. Normoyle, Chief Quartermaster, and their able assistants.
Notwithstanding the princely appropriations made by the National and State Governments and the faithful work performed by numer- ous State Commissions, local organizations and standing commit- tees, the Celebration would have failed in its chief purpose had there not been a large and representative attendance on the part of the Confederate veterans. The obstacles in the way of their attendance by reason of the distance to be travelled, and the absence, as a rule, of State appropriations, were difficult to overcome; and had it not been for the deep personal interest taken in the matter by a noble group of influential Confederate veterans, led by General C. Irvine Walker, of Charleston, South Carolina, now Honorary Com- mander-in-Chief, U. C. v., and of Mrs. Alexander B. White, Presi- dent General, United Daughters of the Confederacy, the attendance on the part of the Confederate soldiers would have been disappoint- ing.
It gives your Committee therefore, great pleasure to make mention of the effectiveness of their efforts and to express appreciation of"
230 Oettysburg Reunion.
"the important part they bore in making the Gettysburg Reunion a Peace Jubilee.
One feature of the Celebration as originally planned, was to lay at high noon on July 4th, the cornerstone of a Peace Monument — a memorial typifying national peace and brotherhood and a reunited and indissoluble Republic. This was not done and for good and suf- ficient reasons had to be postponed to a future time. Before the Celebration closed, plans were discussed by a number of the vet- erans present, Union and Confederate, looking to the early erection of such a memorial, and your Committee has been advised that official action has been taken by at least one Division (Texas) of the United Confederate Veterans, declaring that "it is the duty of the people of these United States acting through their Senators and Represen- tatives in Congress, to provide for the erection of a Great Peace Monument upon the Battlefield of Gettysburg which shall fitly sym- bolize the blessings of peace to the people of all these States, and commemorate the cordial good will now existing between the North and the South."
Your Committee recommends that this Encampment heartily ap- prove of the erection of such a Peace Monument.
While this Report might be indefinitely extended, your Commit- tee will conclude by referring to a Resolution adopted at a meeting of the ex-Confederates at Gettysburg on July 2nd, in which forceful expression was given of their conviction that the Union of States was forevermore indissoluble. The Resolution reads as follows:
'Resolved, That we take pride in the fact that to the armies of the Confederacy is due the credit of demonstrating the ut- ter impossibility of the dismemberment of the Union. "When we consider that six hundred thousand men, the very flower of chivalry, as good material as was ever organized into a fighting force, directed by such commanders as our revered Robert E. Lee and his lieutenants, and inspired by a sectional devotion such as has not elsewhere been known in history, — failed to separate the States, we see that the demonstration was complete, that the thing could not be done; and our failure must give pause to those who in the future would con- template such an undertaking.'
Far from being embittered, they, in the light of history, and after mature thought, have declared that the dissolution of the Union was impossible and will forever remain impossible. Surely the heart of faith and the hand of friendship must go out to men who give expression to such noble and patriotic sentiments. • Your Committee regrets to record the death of another of its members. Brevet Brigadier General James H. Kidd, late Colonel of the Sixth Wisconsin Cavalry. His record as a soldier is without flaw. Comrade Henry C. Christiancy of Detroit, Michigan, was ap. pointed to fill his place."
Our Depaktixg Veteuan Guests Exroute to Tiieik Trains, July 5th.
Cheering Their Comrades "God-Speed
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Gettysburg Reunion. 231
"The Great Peace Jubilee now is and forever will continue to be one of the most cherished and precious events in our country's an- nals. The good that will flow from it cannot be estimated, but we can rest content, that peace, good will and the flowers of friendship will continue to bless and brighten our fair land long after the last Veteran has been lost to view in the evening's ever deepening shadows. Respectfully submitted in F. C. and L.,
ELL TORRANCE,
Chairman."
The following from Major General Wood, Chief of the Gen- eral Staff of the Army, is self-explanatory ;—
"War Department,
Office of the Chief of Stiaff,
"Washington.
6th. September, 1913. Dear Sir: —
I have the honor to acknowledge receipt of your letter of August 26th, with reference to the Gettysburg Reunion.
I desire to say to you that in my opinion the whole affair was ad- mirably conducted. That sixty to seventy thousand men of advanced years should have been assembled in camp during a very hot period Sand maintained there in a status of health which would have been re- markable anywhere, indicates very clearly the thoroughness of the sanitation of the camp and the care with which food, water, etc., were prepared. The whole encampment .reflects the greatest credit upon those connected with it, and I desire to congratulate you, as the repre- sentative of the State of Pennsylvtania, upon the successful outcome of the encampment.
Very truly yours,
Leonard Wood, Major General, Chief of Staff.
Lieutenant Colonel Lewis E. Beitler,
Secretary, Fiftieth Anniversary of the Battle of Gettysburg Commission, The Capitol, Harrisburg, Pa."
232 Gettysburg Reunion.
In discharging the duties to which we were called by appointment upon this Commission we have been actu- ated by a desire, — the one controlling desire, deep in the heart of each Commissioner, — to so act and serve that the noble, patriotic sentiments underlying this great movement might at Gettysburg upon the greatest Battlefield of our Nation's history, come to fullest fruition in a reunion there amid its historic surroundings that would prove a bless- ing not alone to those of us participating therein after the bit- terness of strife, now half a century past, but rather to those to follow us when we are no more, and upon whom this Na- tion's life will then depend. This was the actuating motive throughout all our work, and we know also guided our associ- ates, the Representatives to our Commission from the several Commonwealths, States and Territories of the Union — that splendid body of distinguished gentlemen whose counsel, aid and assistance were so valuable — and likewise prompted the ofiicial participation therein of the Grand Army of the Republic and of the United Confederate Veterans, without which action but limited success could have followed. In the same degree that that controlling desire has been realized, so also will be given any meed of praise to those who made such realization possible. While to Pennsylvania will naturally come, in largest measure, commendation for whatever success was achieved, be- cause of her inception of this great movement, her generous appropriations and her directing influence throughout its entire progress, yet there is due full and grateful appreciation for the aid and encouragement given us officially by the Na- tional Government, — through U. S. Senator Oliver, of Pennsyl- vania, and his Congressional Committee — and the Governments of all our sister Commonwealths, States and Territories, some more, some less, that of the National Government being appre- ciated not only for its financial aid, but also for its authoriza- tion and direction to the War Department whereby the splen- did organization of the United States Army, with its corps of experts in the several branches of the service, and its wealth of experience, aided us in every way in its power to successfully accomplish the task before us. The record it there made in es- tablishing and maintaining the Great Camp at Gettysburg ranks high with any of its many successes of the past, and this Commission here records its sincere appreciation of and deep sense of obligation for the services rendered it by the officials of
Gettysburg Reunion. 233
the War Department throughout the entire period of our asso- ciation in this great work. First, Hon, Henry L. Stimsdn, the Secretary of War and his assistant, General Robert Shaw Oliver, and then their successors, Hon. Lindley M. Garrison and Hon, Henry S. Breckenridge, gave us every assistance pos- sible, as did also all the ranking officers of the Army with whom we came in touch. Major General Leonard Wood, Chief of the General Staff; Major General Wotherspoon, General Staff Corps; Major General Aleshire, Quartermaster General, Brigadier General Torney, Surgeon General, and the several other heads of its different branches, especially Lt, Col. Nichol- son, Chairman of its Gettysburg National Park Commission, to whom we are greatly indebted.
The assignments of officers directly in charge at Gettysburg, to there establish and maintain the Great Camp, brought this Commission in direct and constant contact from December, 1912, to date, with a set of officers whose every act reflected credit and praise alike upon the Regular Army, their respective Departments and themselves as officers and gentlemen, and while comparisons are ofttimes invidious, this Commission, dis- claiming any such intention, here acknowledges its many obliga- tions, and expresses its sincere thanks therefor, to Major James E. Normoyle, Quartermaster Corps, United States Army, Chief Quartermaster in Charge at Gettysburg, for his unfailing courtesies and splendidly successful administration of the many and difficult duties there arising, and is likewise indebted and here expresses its thanks to all the other officers there associated with him, Major W. R. Grove and Captain H. F. Dalton, Quar- termaster Corps, Lieutenant Colonel A. E. Bradley and Major P. C. Hutton, Medical Corps, and the officers of the Medical Reserve Corps — their first call to this active service — to Major R. U. Patterson, Medical Corps, IT. S. A., in charge of Red Cross, and to Captain E. T, Hartmann, Quartermaster Corps and Mr, T. H. Humphrey, Supervising Engineer Con- struction Branch, same corps, and to the score of other equally efficient Army officers there on duty, and, in conclusion, to Brigadier General Hunter Liggett, U. S. A., who, arriving at the camp June 29th, assumed charge thereof during Re- union Week as the Representative of the War Department, this Commission tenders its congratulations and appreciation for his gracious yet dignified discharge of the delicate and exacting duties and obligations there confronting him.
234 Gettysburg Reunion.
To Hon. Edwin S. Stuart for his able and patriotic mes- sage to the General Assembly of 1909, — the first official recogni- tion of this great movement — and for his subsequent earnest advocacy thereof throughout his term as Governor, grateful thanks are due by the many thousand participants in the Great Reunion, and are so expressed by this Commission.
To Pennsylvania's General Assemblies of 1909, 1911 and 1913 this Commission, assuming to speak not only for itself but also for the great body of Pennsylvania's Civil War Vet- erans, expresses profound appreciation for the unanimous vote given by each General Assembly, in granting the authority and providing the appropriations whereby Pennsylvania made this Great Reunion possible, and acknowledgment is also hereby made of the important and successful services this Commission rendered by Dr. Samuel G. Dixon, Health Commissioner of Pennsylvania, and his Corps of expert assistants.
In the active associations enjoying with the Members of this Commission, past and present, in the months that have gone, harmonious and concerted action has prevailed, and the of- ficers of the Commission avail of this opportunity to here record their sincere thanks for the loyal support, aid and as- sistance so given them at all times. To each Commissioner there must come the satisfaction of duty energetically undertaken, with a measure of success accomplished and a meed of praise yet to come to us out of the future, when there shall then be recorded its verdict of the real material good for our Republic we helped to achieve by making possible, not the Celebration of a Battle, but the Reunion of a Nation, a Reunion that stands unparalleled in the world's recorded history. During this service, three of our original Members, Messrs. Brown, Lloyd and McDowell, answered the Last Roll Call, leaving us now but the pleasant memories of our association with them in this work to which each of them gave his best endeavor. Three others, Messrs. Boyle, Benson and Wagner, found it necessary, because of other calls of duty upon them, to sever their connec- tions with this Commission and to them thanks and apprecia- tion are due for the services they rendered while with us.
To you. Sir, for your all important part in this great work, unqualified commendation and the deepest sentiments of ap- preciation prevail not only throughout this Commonwealth but also the Nation at large, and each Member of this Commission begs to here express his sense of personal and official obligation
Comrades, ■•Haxd-ix-iiaxu.
/-
'TuEiR Flag Now
"A IlalJ-a-Ccntiiry After." 'And a Little Child .Shall Lead Them.
Qettyshurg Reunion. 235
for the many courtesies received at your hands during the months of our association and to here attest that your unfail- ing, invaluable counsel, aid and encouragement were as an in- spiration to us throughout the great task upon us, and that at times seemed beyond our successful accomplishment, and now as we here sever our active official relations, we each of us most sincerely thank you therefor, and hope that the future holds for you still many and greater honors in public and private life. We have the honor to be, Sir,
Very respectfully yours,
J. M. SCHOONMAKER,
Chairman. LEWIS E. BEITLER,
Secretary.
SAMUEL C. TODD,
Treasurer.
JAMES M. SCHOONMAKER. WILLIAM D. DIXON. R. BRUCE RICKETTS. IRVIN K. CAMPBELL. WILLIAM J. PATTERSON. WILLIAM E. MILLER. GEORGE F. BAER. JOHN P. GREEN.
Commissioners.
236
Gettysburg Reunion.
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SUMMARY-INDEX.
A.
Page.
Acknowledgment to Newspaper and News-service photographers, 2
Actions taken, and Resolutions adopted, by our Veteran Guests at
and after Great Reunion, 217-31
Acts of General Assemblies of Pennsylvania, relative to Celebra- tion, 3,4,7,8,19,20,46
of Congress , 14
Adams, Col. Clarendon E., Representative from Nebraska to Penn- sylvania Commission, vice General Manderson, deceased, 28
Portrait, 6
Thanked by Pennsylvania Commission , 232
Adams, Captain Lynn G., Commanding Troop "A," Pennsylvania
State Police, 51-2,172
Portrait, 56
Addresses, on "Veterans' Day," July 1, 93-113
of Col. J. M. Schoonmakcr, Chairman, Pennsylvania Commis- sion and Presiding Oflieor, Opening Address, 95-6
Introducing Speakers, 96-7-8,101-2-5
of Welcome of Hon. Lindlcy M. Garrison, Secretary of War,.... 98-100
of Welcome of Hon. John K. Tener, Governor of Penna., 101-2
of Hon. Alfred B. Beers, of Connecticut, Commandcr-in- Chief,
G. A. R., 102-4
of General Bennett H. Young, of Kentucky, Commander-in- Chief, U. C. v., 105-13
Addresses, at Indiana's Commemorative Services July 1, 114-18
of Dr. Nathaniel D. Cox, Chm. Indiana's Gettysburg Commis- sion , 114-15
of Hon. Samuel M. Ralston, Governor of Indiana, 116-18
Addresses, on "Military Day," July 2, 118-33
of Col. Andrew Cowan, of Kentucky, Presiding Oificer, in pre- senting speakers, 118-19,121-26-27
of Maj. Gen'l John R. Brooke, of Pennsylvania, 120-1
of Sergt. John C. Scarborough of South Carolina, 121-6
of Mr. Barry Bulkley, of Washington, D. C, Lincoln's "Gettys- burg Address," 126-7
of Hon. Roswell B. Burchard, Lieut. Gov. of Rhode Island, ... 128-32
Addresses, on "Governors' Day," July 3, 133-53
of Hon. John K. Tener, Governor of Pennsylvania, Presiding
Officer, Opening Remarks , 133
(237)
238 Index.
Page.
Introducing Speakers, 134-5-7-8,42-3-6-8-9,50-1-2
of Hon. Thomas R. Marshall, Vice President of the United
States, 136-7
of Hon. Champ Clark, Speaker, U. S. House of Representatives, 137-9
of Hon . James B. McCreary, Governor of Kentucky, 139-42
of Hon . William Suker, Governor of New York, 142
of Hon. William Hodges Mann, Governor of Virginia, 143-6
of Hon. James S. Cox, Governor of Ohio, 146-7
of Hon. Simeon E. Baldwin, Governor of Connecticut, 148
of Hon. Adolph O. Eberhardt, Governor of Minnesota, 148-9
of Hon. Louis B. Hanna, Governor of North Dakota, 149-50
of Hon. Chsrles R. Miller, Governor of Delaware, 150-1
of Hon. William T. Haines, Governor of Maine, 151-2
of Hon. Samuel M. Ralston, Governor of Indiana, 152-3
Addresses, at New York's Commemorative Services, July 3, 153-66
of Rev. Dr. Newell Dwight Hilles, 153-64
of Sgt. Major John H. Leathers, C. S. A., 164r-5
of Col. Andrew Cowan, U. S. V., President, Army of the
Potomac, 165-6
Addresses, at "Hand Shake" at "Stone Wall" and "Bloody Angle,"
July 3, 168-171
of Hon. J. Hampton Moore, M. C. from Philadelphia, 168-71
Addresses, on July 4th, 173-76
introduction of The President by Hon. John K. Tener, Gov- ernor of Pennsylvania , 174
Address of The President, 174r-76
Alabama, Representative to Penna. Commission appointed from, 5
Representative of, to Penna. Commission, 9,28
Alaska, Representative to Penna. Commission appointed from, 5
Representative of, to Penna. Commission, 29
Aleshire, Maj. General James B., Quartermaster General, U. S.
A . , Portro it, 42
thanked by Penna . Commission , 233
Allen, Col. Heman W., Representative from Vermont to Penna.
Commission , 5-29
Portrait, 6
Thanked by Penna . Commission , 232
American Red Cross, report of Maj. R. U. Patterson, Medical
Corps, U S. A., in charge of, at Gettysburg, 64-71
Nurses with , 66
First Aid Miners with, 66
Boy Scouts with , 67
Rest and Comfort Stations of, list of, and personnel at each, 68-70
Letter to Miss Boardman, Chairman, National Relief Board of,
from Acting Secy . of War, 71
Thanks from Penna . Commission , 71 ,233
"American," The, of Baltimore, Md. , editorials from, 192-3, 206-7
Indew. 239
Page.
Appropriations, account of Celebration, by the Commonwealth of
Pennsylvania, 4,7,8,19,20,46
by the Congress of the United States, 13
by all other Commonwealths, States and Territories, summary of, 36-40
Arizona, Representative to Penna. Commission appointed from, 5
Representative of, to Penna . Commission, 29
Veterans' transportation fund raised by Mr. Dwight B. Heard,.. 38
Arkansas, Representative to Penna. Commissions appointed from, . 5
Representative of, to Penna. Commission, 9-28
Armstrong, Col. William H., of Indiana, Past Senior Vice Com- mander-in-Chief, G. A. R. —
Portrait, ". 102
Guest of Pennsylvania , 226
Army Officers, U. S., at Great Camp —
detail of, proposed by Penna . Commission , 7
preliminary survey and cost estimate of Great Camp directed by
Congress be made by, 11
detail of, directed by Congress, 12-13
joint headquarters for, with Penna. Commission, opened, 14
Roster of Commissioned Personnel of, 42-44,62-63,68-70"
work of, sttn-ted, M
progress of, commended , 30
attend General Conferences of Penna. Commission, 17-18,32-35
work of, so far perfected , explained , 33
work completed and Great Camp ready for Veteran Guests, 48
closing cermonies of, at Great Camp, 177
work of dismantling Great Camp begun and completed, 178-179
thanked by members of U. C. V. , 218-223
thanked in General Orders No. 7, of G. A . R. , 220
thanked in Report of G. A. R. Gettysburg Committee, 229
commended and thanked by Penna. Commission, 52,233
Army of the Potomac, Society of, address of its President, Col.
Andrew Cowan, 165-6
Assembly, General, of Pennsylvania —
Report of Penna . Commission to, Title Page .
Acts of, relative to Celebration, 3,4,7,8,19,20,46
Associated Press, notice given to, 47
Atlanta, Georgia, The "Constitution" of, editorial from, 199
Attendance, at Great Camp- estimates of, requested , 32-5
summary of, actual, 36-40
Austin, Hon. R. M., U. S. Representative from Tennessee, Guest
of Penna . , 173
Aynne, Col. R. M., appointed Representative from Texas to Penna.
Commission, (resigned), 5,9
240 Index.
B.
Badges— Page . all veteran guests urged to wear their Army, Corps, Division,
Brigade and Society Badges to aid Comrades' recognition, 27
Baer, Capt. George F., of Philadelphia, Pa.—
Member, Penna. Commission, appointed vice Maj. Benson
(resigned), 1,18,22,221
Portrait, 5
attends Final General Conference of Penna. Commission, 32-5
thanked by ofEcers of Penna . Commission , 234
signs Report of Penna. Commission, 235
Bagby, Capt. Philip H., U. S. A., 52,233
Portrait, 4
Baldwin, Hon. Simeon E., Governor of Connecticut- Portrait, 141
address of, on "Governors' Day," 148
Ballou, Hon. Sidney M., Representative from Hawaii to Penna.
Commission, vice Mr. McClellan (resigned) , 29
thanked by Penna . Commission, 232
'Baltimore, Maryland, the "American" of, editorials from, 192-3, 206-7
Barkwell, Geneial M. C, Representative from Wyoming to Penna.
Commission, vice General Gatchell (resigned) , 29
thanked by Penna. Commission, 232
Bartine, Hon. H. F., Representative from Nevada to Penna. Com- mission , 28
Portrait, 6
thanked by Penna . Commission , 232
Barton, Hon. Randolph, of Maryland, appointed member U. C. V.,
Gettysburg Committee, 16,29,232
Beem, Capt. David E., of Indiana, Member, G. A. R. Gettysburg
Committee, 17,29,232
Portrait, 16
Beers, Hon. Alfred B., of Connecticut, Commander-in-Chief, G. A. R.—
Portrait, 102
attends Final General Conference of Penna. Commission, 33
address of, on "Veterans' Day," 102-4
issues General Orders No. 7, G. A. R. , 220-1
commends Great Reunion in Farewell Address to G. A. R., 225-6
thanked by Penna . Commission , 232
Beitler, Lewis E., of Philadelphia, Pa., Lieut. Col. & A. D. C. Governor's Staff, Field Secretary and Secretary of Penna. Commission and Editor and Compiler of Commission's Re- port, 1,2,6,8,10, 11, 13-14,17-18,32-35,47,49
50,75,76,114,172,221,224,229,231,234,235
Portrait , 5
Benson, Maj. R. Dale, of Philadelphia, Pa., Member Penna.
Commission , 4
Portrait, 4
Index. 241
Page.
Confers with PrcsidGnt Taft, Vice President Sherman, U. S. Senators Penrose and Oliver and U. S. Representative 01m-
stead , regarding celebration , 5
attends General Conferences of Penna. Commission, 6, 13-14,17-18
confers with Congressional Gettysburg Committee and War De- partment Officials, 5,6,11,12
resigned from Penna . Commission , 18
guest of Penna. Commission at Great Reunion, 158
thanked for his services by Penna . Commission , 234
Bentley, Maj. W. W., President of and Commanding Pickett's
Division Association , accepts Flag for , 168-71
Berkelem, Col. Edward, C. S. A.—
Program, Nev,' York's Commemorative Services, 155
Biennial Messages —
of January, 1909 and of January, 1911, of Hon. Edwin S. Stuart,
Governor of Pennsylvania , re Celebration 3,7
of January, 1913, of Hon. John K. Tener, Governor of Penna.
re Celebration , 19
Bigelow, Maj. John, Member, G. A. R. Gettysburg Committee, . .17,29,232
Portrait, 16
Recommends formation of Blue and Gray Organization, 219
Bigelow, Cap. John Allen, Representative from Michigan to Penna.
Commission 28
Portrait, 6
thanked by Penna . Commission , 232
Bixby, Brig. General, Wm. H., Chief of Engineers, U. S. A.,
Portrait, 42
thanked by Penna . Commission , 233
Black, Brig. Gen John C, Past Commander-in-Chief, G. A. R.,
telegram from , 127
Blake, Mr. Henry N., appointed Representative from Montana
to Penna . Commission (resigned) , 5
"Bloody Angle" and "Stone Wall"—
"Pland Shake" and Proceedings at, 168-71
Address at, by Hon. J. Hampton Moore, Member of Congress
from Philadelphia , 168-71
Boardman, Miss Mable T., of Washington, D. C. , Chairman,
National Relief Board of American Red Cross Society, 64-71
Portrait, 64
Letter to, from Acting Secretary of War Breckenridge, 71
Thanked by Penna . Commission , 71
Booher, Hon. C. F., U. S. Representative from Missouri, Guest of
Pennsylvania , 173
Boothby, Col. Fred E., Secretary, Maine Commission to Penna. Commission .
Portrait, 6
thanked by Penna . Commission , 232
242 Index.
Boston, Mass.— Page.
The "Christian Science Monitor" of, editorial from , 190-1
Boyer, Maj. Perry L., Medical Corps, U. S. A., 233
Portrait, 62
Boy Scouts- Information Service of, in Great Camp, 49-51
from Philadelphia, 51
from Washington , D . C . , 51
from Burlington, N. J. , 51
from Frederick , Md . , 51
from Hagerstown , Md . , 51
Portraits of Philadelphia Officials of, 58
all officers and members of, at Gettysburg, thanked by Hon. John
K . Tener, Governor of Pennsylvania 153
editorial commendation , 210
Boyle, Capt. and Rev. Dr. J. Richards, of Philadelphia, Pa.,
Member and Secretary of Penna . Commission , 4
Portrait, 4
confers with President Taft, Vice President Sherman and U. S. Senators Penrose and Oliver and U. S. Representative 01m-
stead , regarding celebration , 5
signs invitation of Penna. Commission to National Government, sister Commonv^ealths, States and Territories to join in cele- bration , 4-5
confers with Congressional Committee and War Department Offi- cials 5,6, 11-12
signs calls for and attends General Conferences of Penna. Com-
sion, 6, 13-14
confers with Chairman Torrance of G. A. R. Gettysburg Com- mittee and Gen. Walker, Commander-in-Chief, U. C. V., re- garding celebration , , 8-9
resigned from Penna . Commission , 17
guest of Pennsylvania at Great Reunion and pronounces Benedic- tion on "Military Day , " 133
thanked for his services by Penna . Commission , 234
Bradley, Lieut. Col. A. E., Med. Corps, U. S. A., Chief Surgeon in charge, Med. Corps and Med. Reserve Corps at Gettys- burg, report of, 54-64
Portrait, 42
thanked by Penna . Commission, 52-233
Bradley, Hon. William O., U. S. Seneator from Kentucky, guest
of Penna . , 173
Bradstreet, Hon. Thomas D., Representative from Connecticut to
Penna. Commission, 5,28
Portrait , 6
thanked by Penna . Commission , 232
Breckenridge, Hon. Henry S., Asst. Secretary of War —
Portrait , 42
letter of, to Miss Boardman of American Red Cross Society, 71
thanked by Penna . Commission , 233
Index. 243
Page.
Brooke, Maj. Gen. John R., of Pennsylvania- Portrait, 119
address of, oii "Military Day , " 120-1
Brooklyn, New York —
The "DaUy Eagle" of, editorial from, 200
Brown, Gen. J. Thompson, Representative from Viigiuia to Peuua.
Commission , vice Hon . D . 0 . Richardson (.resigned) , 29
Portrait, 6
member U . C . V . , Gettysburg Committee, 16-29
accompanies Field Secretary of Penna . Commission, 10
thanked by Penna . Commission , H > 232
Brown, Privt. Lewis T., of Penna., Member, Penna. Commission,. 4
Portrait, 4
Died March. 1911, 17,234
Brumbaugh, Dr. Martin G., of Pennsylvania, Representative from
Porta Rico to Penna . Commission 5, 29
Portrait, 6
thanked by Penna . Commission , 232
Buckingham, Sergt. Maj. Richard G., Representative from Dela- ware to Penna. Commission, 5,28
Portrait, 6
thanked by the Penna . Commission , 232
Buckner, Lieut. Simon Bolivar, U. S. A., 52,233
Portrait 42
Bulkley, Mr. Barry, of Washington, D. C. —
Portrait, 119
Read Lincoln's Gettysburg Address, on "Military Day , " 126-7
Burchard, Hon. Roswell B., Lieut. Governor of Rhode Island —
Portrait 149
address of, on "Military Day," 128-32
Burdett, Lieut. A. M., U. S. A., 52,233
Portrait, 42
Burke, Hon. C. H., U. S. Representative from South Dakota,
guest of Pennsylvania , 173
Burlington, N. J. —
Boy Scouts of, with American Red Cross Society at Gettys- burg , 51 , 153,210
Burrows, Col. Chai-les, Representative from New Jersey to Penna.
Commission, vice General Grubb (resigned) , . . 28
Portrait, 6
thanked by Penna . Commission , 232
Bushman, Samuel, Jr., Esq., Representative from New Mexico to
Penna. Commission, 5,28
Portrait, 6
thanked by Penna . Commission , 232
Byrne, Hon. E. M., Representative from Albama to Penna. Com.
vice Capt . Partridge (deceased) , 28
Portrait, 6
thanked by Penna . Commission , 232
16
244 Index.
C.
Page.
Camp, the Great. (See also Army Officers, U. S.)
Series of, suggested, 7
details of, explained, 24-29
attendance in, estimate of, requested, 32-,'i
summarj' of, actual , 36-40
assignment of quarters in , 24-34
when opened and closed , 24
magnitude and dimensions of, 40-2
information service in, by Boy Scouts 4^-51
deaths of Veterans in , list of, 55-6
closing ceremonies in , 177
Campbell, Corpl. Irvin K., of Pittsburgh, Pa., Member, Penna.
Commission , 1 ,4 , 22 , 221
Portrait, 4
attends general Conferences of Penna. Commission, 6,13,17,32-35
thanked by officers of Penna . Commission , 234
signs report of Penna . Commission , 235
California, Representative to Penna. Commission appointed from,.. 5
Representative of, to Penna. Commission, 28
the "Examiner, " of San Francisco , editorial from, 202-3
Callaghan, Col. JohnT., of Washington, D. C, Member, U. C. V. Gettysburg Committee — • Portrait, 17
Castleman, Genl T. W., of Louisiana, Member, U. C. V. Get- tysburg Committee, 16,29,232
Portrait, 17
Celebration, the general scope and plans of, 3,4-5,6-7,23
Chairman —
of Congressional Gettysburg Committee, Hon. George T.
Oliver, 6, 11,12,173
of Pennsylvania Commission, Col. James M. Schoonmaker, 1,17-18,
23,32-35,49,72,75,95,96,97,101,102,105,221,225,229,234,235 of Pennsylvania Commission, Gen. Louis Wagner,.. 4, 5, 6, 13-14, 17, 18, 234
Chamberlain, Gen. Joshua L., Representative from Maine to Penn- sylvania Commission , 5,28
Portrait, 6
member, G. A. R., Gettysburg Committee, 17,29
Thanked by Pennsylvania Commission , 232
Charleston, S. C —
The "News and Courier" of, editorial from , 188-9
Chew, Col. R. Preston, of W. Virginia, Member, U. C. V. Gettys- burg Committee, 16,29,232
Chief Justice, Supreme Court of the U.S. —
To preside July 4, 1913, 10
regrets , inability to , 173
Index. 245
Page Chicago, 111.—
The "Inter -Ucean" of, editorial from , 200-1
"Christian Science Monitor," The, of Boston, Mass., editorial
from, 190-1
Cincinnati, Ohio —
The "Enquirer" of, editorial from, 209
Clark, Hon. Cb;imp, Speaker, U. S. House of Kepescnta fives—
Portrait, 134
address of, on "Governors' Day , " 137-9
guest of Pennsylvania , 173
Clark, Col. Charles L., of Iowa. Members, G. A. R. Gettys- burg Committee, 17 ,29,232
Portrait, 17
Clark, Col. W. S., Representative for West Virginia, to Penna. Commission vice Gon. Freer (deceased) —
Portrait , 6
thanked by Penna . Commission , 232
Clarke, Hon. George W., Governor of Iowa, Guest of Pennsylvania,
Portrait 149
Closing ceremony of the Great Reunion , 177
College, "Pennsylvania Hotel," at Gettysburg, 49
Campus of, at Gettysburg, Panoramic view, 48
Collins, Maj. Christopher, Med. Corps, U. S. A., 233
Portrait, 62
Colorado, Representative to Penna. Commission appointed from, 5
Representative of, to Penna. Commission, 28
Columbus, Ohio —
The "Citizen'^ of, editorial from, 196-7
Comfort and Resl Stations —
for public at Gettysburg , explained , 33
of Red Cross, 65,8,9,70
of Penna. State Health Department, 76,81,2,3
Commemorative Services —
by State of Indiana, proceedings of, 114-18
by State of New York , proceedings of, 153-166
by Philadelphia Brigade Association and Pickett's Division Asso- ciation, proceedings of, 168-171
Commission —
Fiftieth Anniver.sary of the Battle of Gettysburg, of Penna, . .Title Page.
Members and officers of, 1,4,17,18,221,2.35
Portraits 4-5
organization of, 4,17,18
invitation of, to join the Celebration extended by, to the Con- gress of the United States and to every Commonwealth, State and Territory of the Union and to the Grand Army of the Republic and to the United Confederate Veterans and to all Penna. Veterans f^od to all Veterans resident in Penna., ..3,4-5,19,20,
21,23,43-48
246 Index.
Page.
acceptance of, 5-6, 23
summary of , 36-37
representative so appointed to, 5,6,27-8,9
general conferences of, 6,13-14,17-18,32-5
Secretary of War directed by Congress to confer with, 11
Commission is commended and thanked by Guests , 217-231
thanks, for Penna. all who aided Celebration, 11,14,50^51,52,232-5
Commonwealths —
all sister Commonwealths invited by Penna. Commission to par- ticipate in Celebration, 4r-5
all appoint Representatives to Penna . Commission , 28-5
Representatives of, to Penna. Commission, 9,28-29
Concord, New Hampshire—
The "Evening Monitor," of, editorial from, 188-9
Confederacy, Daughters of the, of Virginia, provide Confederate
uniforms for her Veterans , 39
United Daughters of the, Mrs. Alexander B. White, President General of, commended in Report of G. A. R. Gettysburg
Committee, 229
Confederate Flags or Union Flags —
Governor Tener, of Pennsylvania, decides Veterans with either,
welcome at Great Reunion, 17-18
Uniforms, or Union Uniforms, or Civilian dress, like decision as
to Veterans wearing same, 17-18
"Veteran" (U. C. V.), The, of Nashville, Tenn., extract from, 215-16
Veterans, invited to participate in Great Reunion, 3,4-5,6-7,8-10
11-13,15-16, 17-18,22-29, 44-48
Veterans, assignment made to Section in Great Camp, 34
Conferences, General, of Penna. Commission, 6-7,13-14,17-18,23,32-35
Congress of the United States —
invited to participate in Celebration, 4-5,23
Concurrent Resolution of, accepting, 5-6,23
Committee of, appointed thereunder, 6
Concurrent Resolution of, directing War Department to confer with Penna. Commission and to make preliminary survey for
Great Camp, etc., 12-13
Bill introduced in, for participation of National Government in
Celebration, 12-13
BUI passed by, 14
Connecticut, Representative to Penna. Commission appointed from, 5
Representa tive of, to Penna . Commission , 28
''Constitution," The, of Atlanta, Ga., editorial from, 199
Cooke, Mr. and Mrs. George J., presented "MilitaTy Day," 133
Cooper, Hon. T. E., of Mississippi, Member, U. C. V. Gettysburg
Committee, 16,29,232
Portrait, 16
Index. 247
Page. Cope, Lieut, Col. E. B., of Gettysburg, Secretary, Gettysburg
Battlefield Commission, 33
Portrait, 7
Cox, Hon. James S., Governor of Ohio —
Portrait, 1^0
Address of, on "Governors' Day," 146-7
Cox, Dr., Nathaniel D., Kepresentative from Indiana to Penna.
Commission , ^28
Portrait, 6
address of, at Indiana's commemorative services, 114-15
thanked by Penna . Commission , 232
Couden, Rev. Henry M., Chaplain, U. S. House of Representatives- Portrait, 119
Opening prayer of, on "Governor's Day," 135
"Courier- Journal," The, of Louisville, Kentucky, editorial from, 203-5
Cowan, Col. Andrew, Representative from Kentucky to Penna.
Commission. 5,9,28
Portrait, ■ 6
accompanies Field Secretary of Penna . Commission , 11
presides, "Military Day , " 118-133
introduces speakers on "Military Day," 118,19,21,26,27
reads regrets from Gen. Black, Past Commander-in-Chief,
G. A. R., 127
presents Gen Meade's descendents to audience on "Military
Day , " 132
address of, regarding Peace Memorial at Gettysburg, 165-6
reccommends formation of Blue and Gray Organization , 219
thanked by Penna . Commission , 11 , 232
Credentials, Great Camp- necessity for, explained , 25
Pennsylvania's shown and each State requested to issue, 33
Cummings, Mr. Thomas, of Department of Pa. G. A. R. on G. A. R. Committee to assign Penna. Veterans to quarters in
Great Camp, 52
Cunningham, Col. S. A., Representative from Tennessee to
Penna. Commission, vice Mr. Wright (resigned),, 16,29
Portrait, 6
prepares "Greeting" at Great Reunion , 218-19
thanked by Penna . Commission, 234
D.
"Daily Eagle," The, of Brooklyn, N . Y ., editorial from , 200
Dalton, Capt. 11. F., Qtm. Corps, U. S. A.—
Portrait, 42
attends General Conferences of Penna. Commission, 17-18,32-5
thanked by Penna. Commission, 52,233
248 Tndea?.
Page. Daughters of the Confederacy, of Virginia, provide confederate uni- forms for her veterans , 39
United, Mrs. Alexander B. White, President General of, com- mended in Report of G. A. R. Gettysburg Committee, 229
Deaths—
of Veterans in Great Camp , list of , 55-6
Delaware, Representatives to Penna. Commission appointed from,.. 5
Representatives of, to Penna. Commission, 28
Dimensions and magnitude of Great Camp , 40-42
Distin, Gen. William L., Representative from Alaska to Penna.
Commission, 5,29
Thanked by Penna . Commission 2.32
District of Columbia, Representative to Penna. Commission ap- pointed from , 5
Representative of, to Penna. Commission, 29
Doctors of Medical Society of, with American Red Cross at Get- tysburg, 66
Personnel of , 68-70
Dixon, Hon. Lincoln, U. S. Representative from Indiana, Guest
of Penna . , 173
Dixon, Sam'l G., M. D., L. L. D., Commissioner of Health of Penna. —
Portrait, 72
Report of, in charge of Penna. Health Department's work at
Gettysburg and of its Emergency Hospital there, 72-94
Vote of thanks to, from Gettysburg's Town Council, 92
Commended by Penna . Commission , 234
Dixon, Bvt. Genl. William D.. of Lemaster, Pa., Member Penna.
Commission , 1 , 4 , 22 , 221
Portrait, 4
attends General Conferences of Pa. Com. , 6, 13-14, 17-18,32-35
thanked by Officers of Pa . Com . , 234
signs Report of Pa . Com . , 235
Dyer, Hon. L C., U. S. Representative from Missouri, Guest of
Pennsylvania , 173
E.
Eberhardt, Hon. Adolph O., Governor of Minnesota —
Portrait , 148
address of, on "Governor Day , " 148-9
Editorials, from leading newspapers published before, during and after the Great Reunion 186-214
Elder, Commandant W. W., Representative from Oregon to Penna.
Commis?!ion (resigned) , 5
Emergency —
Appropriation by Penna. to care for additional Veteran Gupsts, 44-48 hospital in Gettysburg, planned by Penna. Commission 34
Index. 249
Page.
established and maintained by Penna. State Health Depart- ment, 72
aid arranged with hospitals in Penna. and in Baltimore and
with other Maryland Hospitals, 91
officers and staff of Penna. Emergency Hospital, list of, 72-74
report of Dr. Sam'l G. Dixon, Commissioner of Health of
Penna . , in charge of, 72-94
hospitals trains of, 86
Vote of thanks from Gettysburg Town Councils, 92
Commended by Penna . Commission , 234
Encampment, Annual, of Department of Penna. G. A. R. at Get- tysburg, 52
England , The "Telegraph," of I>oudon , extracts from, 216-17
The "Times , '' of London , extracts of, 216
"Enquirer," The, of Cincinnati, Ohio, editorial from, 209
Estopinal, Hon. Albert, U. S. Representative of Louisiana, Guest
of Pennsylvania , 173
Evans, Gen. Clement A., Representative from Georgia to Penna.
Commission (deceased) , 5,9
"Evening Bulletin," The, of Philadelphia, Pa., editorial from, 195
"Evening Examiner," The, of San Francisco, Cal., editorial from, 202-3
"Evening Monitor," The, of Concord, N. H., editorial from, 188-9
"Evening Telegraph," The, of Philadelphia, Pa., editorial from, .. 186-7 Extracts from leading newspaper articles published before, during
and after the Great Reunion, 215-17
F.
Felker, Hon. Samuel D., Governor of N. H., Guest of Pennsylva- nia—
Portrait, 149
Fielder, Hon. James F., Acting Governor of New Jersey, Guest of Pennsylvania —
Portrait, 148
Field Secretary —
of Pennsylvania Commission directed to visit certain states and conferring with their Officials and Citizens, address their Leg- islatures, etc., 8
so acts in South Carolina, Georgia, Mississippi, Kentucky, Vir- ginia, Maryland, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, New York and New Jersey, being accompanied in each state by its Representa- tive to the Penna . Commission , 10-11
appointed Secretary, vice Capt. and Rev. Dr. J. Richards
Boyle, resigned, 17
of Boy Scouts, 49,51,153
Fiftieth Anniversary, Battle of Gettysburg Commission of Penna. (See Commission) .
250 Index.
Page. Financial Statements —
of Mr. Sam'] C. Todd, Treasurer of Penna. Commission, to Dec.
31st, 191.3, 178-181
additional returns to State, 181
of Major James E. Normoyle, Qtm. Corps, U. S. A., to Dec.
15, 1913, 182-5
Fireworks Display, night of July 3, 171-2
First Aid Teams of Penna. Miners with American Red Cross at Get- tysburg, 66
Personnel of, 68-70
Day's Services, "Veterans' Day," July 1, in Great Tent (see also
"Veterans' Day") , 95-113
General Conference of Penna. Commission, (see Conferences),... 6
Flags, Union and Confederate, both welcome at Great Reunion, 18
of United States presented at the "Stone "Wall" and "Bloody Angle" by Philadelphia Brigade Association to Pickett's Di- vision Association , 168-171
7,500, one-half United States flags and one-half State of Pennsyl- vania flags used to decorate, during Reunion Week, the graves
of the Unknown Dead in Gettysburg National Cemetery, 181
Fletcher, Hon. Allen, Governor, of Vermont, Guest of Pennsyl- vania—
Portrait, 141
Flood, Hon. Henry D., U. S. Representative from Virginia, Guest
of Pennsylvania , 173
Florida, representative to Penna. Commission appointed from, 5
Representative of, to Penna. Commission, 9,28
Fourth and Final General Conference of Penna. Commission, 32-5
Fox, Mrs. Charles P., Presented "Military Day," 133
Frazier, Mr. John W., Adj. Phila. Brigade Association, 168
Frederick, Md., Boy Scouts of, with American Red Cross Society at
Gettysburg 51,153,210
Free Transportation —
for all Penna. Veterans and all Veterans resident in Penna.,
notice of, given all Veterans eligible thereto, 21
issued , 30
issuance, 32
total payments therefor, table of, 31
Freer, Gen. Romeo H., Representative from West Virginia to
Penna. Commission (deceased), 5,29
G.
Garrigus, Col. Lewis C, Representative from Oregon to Penna.
Commission, vice Col. Morgan, (resigned), 232
Portrait, 6
thanked by Penna . Commission , 232
Index. 251
Page. Garrison, Hon. Lindley M., Secretary of War —
Portrait, 42
Correspondence with, relative to Peuna. paying all expenses of
caring for all Veteran Guests in excess of 40,000, 44-48
Address of Welcome of, on "Veterans' Day," 98-100
thanked by Penna . Commission , 233
Gatchell, Gen. Prince A., Representative from Wyoming to Penna.
Commission, (resigned) , 5
General —
Assemblies of Penna., Acts of, relative to celebration, . .3,4,7,8,19,20,46
Penna. Commission's Report to, Title Page, 3
thanked by Penna . Commission , 234
Conferences of Penna. Commission, 6,13-14,17-18,32-35
Orders No. J) of United Confederate Veterans, &-10
Orders No. 7 of Grand Army of the Republic, 220-1
Georgia, Representative to Penna. Commission appointed from, 5
Representative of, to Penna . Commission , 9,28
Visited by I'ield Secretary of Penna. Commission, 10-11
The "Constitution," of Atlanta, editorial from, 199
Goldsborough, Hon. Phillips Lee, Governor of Maryland, Guest of Penna. —
Portrait, , . 148
Gordon, Mr. Robert B., Sgt.-at-Arms, U. S. House of Representa- tives, Guest of Penna,, 173
Goulden, Hon. Joseph A., U. S. Representative from N. Y., Guest
of Penna . , 173
Governor —
of Pennsylvania, Hon. Edwin S. Stuart, is conferred with by General Huidekoper, of Philadelphia, Pa., and Gettysburg Citizens' Committee, regarding fitting observance by Peuna. of
Fiftieth Anniversary of Battle of Gettysburg, 178
gives first official recognition to movement in Biennial Message
Jan., 1909 to Penna. Legislature, 3
appoints Pennsylvania Commission to arrange and have charge of
celebration , 4
approves first appropriation to, 4
commends Celebration and plans of Penna. Commission in Bi- ennial Message, Jan., 1911, 7
is commended and thanked by Penna. Commission, 234
of Pennsylvania, Hon. John K. Tener —
Report of Penna. Commission presented to, Title Page, 3
Approves second appropriation to, 8
appoints to vacancies in Penna. Commission, 17-18
commends Celebration and plans of Penna. Commission in Bi- ennial Message of Jan . , 1913, . . ., 19
approves third and fourth appropriation to Penna. Commission,. 20
attends third General Conference of Penna. Commission, 17-18
252 Index.
Page.
there decides that Veterans with Union or Confederate Flags, or wearing Union or Confederate uniforms, or in Civilian dress,
will all be welcome at the Great Reunion , 18
approves fifth approppation to Penna. Commission, M-48
welcomes Penna's Special Guest at Reunion, 49
details Penna. State Police to Gettysburg during Reunion, 51
directs Penna. State Health Department to prepare Gettysburg
and surrounding terrain for Reunion crowds, 72
Address of Welcome of, on "Veterans' Day," 101-2
presides, on "Governors' Day," 133-53
opening remarks on "Governors' Day," 133
introduces Speakers on "Governors' Day," 134,5,7,8,142,
3,6,8,9,150,1,2 thanks audience present on "Governors' Day" and all officers and
Members of Boy Scouts Organization at Great Reunion, 153
receives and introduces The President of the United States,
July 4, 174-6
is commended in letter of General "Walker, Chairman U. C. V.,
Gettysburg Committee, 224
is commended by Past Commander-in-Chief Torrance, of G. A. R., and Chairman of its Gettysburg Committee, in its
report, 229
is commended and thanked by Ofiicers and ]\Iembers of the Penna.
Commission, 234-5
of sister Commonwealths, States and Territories, each, invited
by Penna. Commission to participate in Celebration, 4
of each, appoint Representatives to Penna. Commission, 5,27-29
of South Carolina, signs joint note with Genl. B. F. Teague for
her Veterans' transportation , 37
of Utah, gives personal note for her Veterans' transportation,.. 37
of each Commonwealth, State and Territory advised that Penna. will meet all expenses of caring for all Veteran Guests in excess
of 40,000, 47
"Governors' Day" services on , 133-53
Graham, Hon. A W., of North Carolina, Member, U. C. V. Get- tysburg Committee, .16,29,232
Graham, Hon. J. M., U. S. Representative from Illinois, Guest of
Penna . , 173
Gramlich, Mr. Christ F. Quartermaster General of Penna. Depart- ment, G. A. R., attends Final Conference of Penna. Commis- sion , 32-5
Chairman of G. A. R. Committee to assign Penna. Veterans to
quarters in Great Camp, 52
Grand Army of the Republic, The—
All Members of Penna. Commission, Members of, 4
invited by Penna. Commission to participate in celebration, 8-9,22-9
Index. 253
Page.
Past Commander-in-Chief Torrance of, joins Commander-in-Chief Walker, ot' United Confederate Veterans, in conference with
Penna. Commission, re Celebration, 8-9
attends General Conferences of, 13-14,32-5
Commander-in-Chief Beers of, attends Final Conference of Penna.
A . R . in the Great Reunion , 15-16
list of members of Gettysburg Committee of, 29
Commander-in-Chief Beers of, attends Final Conference of Penna.
Commission, 32-5
Past Commiinder- in-Chief Torrance, as Chairman of Gettysburg
Committee of, also attends, 33
(Quarter Master General Gramlich of Penna. Department of, like- wise present, 33
Notice given to, that Penna. will pay all expenses of caring for
all Veteran Guests in excess of 40,000, 47
joint action taken at Gettysburg during the Great Reunion by
Members cf , and U . C . V . IMembers , 219
actions taken and Resolutions .ulopted at Gettysburg during the Great Reunion by members of, and by member and officers of,
elsewhere after the Great Reunion, 219,220-21,225-31
general orders No . 7 of , 220
extract from the introductory of the Journal of the 47th National
Encampment of, 225
report of Chairman of Gettysburg Committee of, 22&-31
participation of, organization commended by Penna. Commis-
mission , 232
Grant, Gen. Lewis A., Representative from Minnesota to Penna.
Commission, 5,28
Portrait, 6
thanked by Penna . Commission , 232
Granville, Wm Anthony, Ph. D., L. L. D., President, Pennsyl- vania College at Gettysburg, 34,49
Portrait, 7
attends General Conferences of Penna . Commission , 17-18,32-5
Great Camp. (See Camp).
Green, Capt. John P., of Philadelphia, Pa., member, Penna.
Commission, appointed vice Genl. Wagner, resigned, 1,18
Portrait, 5
attends Final General Conference of Commission, 32-5
thanked by officers of , 234
signs Report of, 235
Green, Gen. Thomas, Sr., of Arkansas, Member, U. C. V. Get- tysburg Comission, 16,29,232
Portrait, 17
Greenhut, Capt. J. B., Representative of Illinois to Penna. Com- mission , 528
Portrait, 6
thanked by Penna . Commission , 232
254 Index.
Page. Groome, Major John C, of Pennsylvania, Supt. Penna. State
Police, 51-2,172
Portrait, 56
Grove, Major W It., Quartermaster Corps, U. S. A.—
Portrait, 42
attends Final Conference, Penna . Commission, 32-5
commended in General Orders No. 7, G. A. R., 220
thanked oy Penna . Commission , 52,233
Grubb, Gen. Ij. Burd, Representative from New Jersey to Penna.
Commission , (resigned) , 5
Guests—
Official Detailed Information issued to Veteran, 22-9
endeavors to ascertain probable number of, who will attend Great
Reunion , 32-5
actual number of, attending, summary of, 36-40
of Honor, regarding absence, 173-4
Actions taken and Resolutions adopted at Gettysburg during Great Reunion and elsewhere after Great Reunion by Veteran, 217-31
H.
Hagerstown, Md. —
Boy Scouts of, with American Red Cross Society at Gettys- burg, 51,153,210
Haines, Hon. Wm. T., Governor of Maine —
Portrait 148
address of, on "Governors' Day," 151-2
Hamill, Rev. Dr. H. M., Chaplain-in Chief, U. C. V., "Veterans'
Day," 95
"Hand Shake" over the "Stone Wall" and "Bloody Angle" by the Philadelphia Brigade Association and Picketts' Division Asso- ciation, 168-71
Hanna, Hon. -Louis B., Governor of North Dakota, Guest of Penna..
Portrait, 141
address of, on "Governors' Day," 149-50
Harries, Capt. William H., U. S. V., recommends formation of
Blue and Gray Organization, 219
Harrison, Gen. W. C, of California, Member, U. C. V., Gettj-s-
burg Committee 16-29-232
Portrait, 17
Hartmann, Capt. Edward T., Qtm. Corps, U. S. A., 12
thanked by Penna . Commission , 233
Hartranft Wm. G., Esq., Representative from Arizona to Penna.
Commission , 5,28
Portrait, 6
thanked by Penna . Commission , 232
Hawaii, Representative to Penna. Commission appointed from, 5
Representative of, to Penna . Commission , 28
Index. 255
Page. Hawk, Capt. E. L., Representative from California to Penna.
Commission, vice Gen . Solomon resigned , 5
Portrait, 6
thanked by Penna . Commission , 232
Haynes, Col. Wm. E., Representative from Ohio to Penna. Com- mission, 5,28
Portrait, 6
thanked by Penna . Commission , 232
Headquarters of Penna . Commission , Philadelphia , Pa . , 4
removed to Harrisburg , 18
on Gettysburg College Campus during Great Reunion, 34W:9
joint, of Pciiua. Commission and U. S. Army Officers in Gettys- burg, 14
Heard, Mr. Dvi^ight B., of "Arizona Republican," Phoenix, Arizona,
raises fund for Arizona Veterans' transportation, 38
Henderson, Col. C. K., of South Carolina, Member, U. C. V.
Gettysburg Committee, 16,29,232
Portrait 17
Henry, Mr. H. C, of Seattle, Washington, completes fund for
Washington Veterans' Transportation, 39
"Herald" The, of New York, editorial from, 190
The, of Rutland, Vt. editorial from 193^
Heroic Dead, Our —
Tribute to, as closing ceremony of the Great Reunion, July 4,.. 177
Hess, Maj. Lewis T., Med. Corps, U. S. A., 233
Portrait, 62
Heyburn, Hon. Weldon B., U. S. Senator from Idaho and Mer-
ber Congressional Gettysburg Committee, (deceased) , 6
Portrait, 6
Hilles, Rev. Dr. Newell Dwight, of New York —
Portrait, 119
Opening Prayer of, on "Military Day," 118
Oration of, at New York's Commemorative Services, 153-64
Higgins, Mr. Charles P., Sgt.-at-Arms, U. S. Senate, Guest of
Penna. , 173
Higgins, Hon. William, Representative from Oklahoma to Penna.
Commission, 5,28
Portrait, 6
thanked by Penna . Commission , 232
Hopkins, Col. Thomas S., Representative from District of Columbia
to Penna. Commission, 5,29
Portrait, 6
thanked by Penna. Commission, 232
Hosford, Mr. Harry Lindley, Secretary, Penna. State Health
Dept. , 72,93,234
Portrait, , . 72
Hospitals. (Seo Emergency.)
25G Index.
Page.
Hosts of Great Reunion —
Pennsylvania and the National Government, . .4-5,5-6,6-7,11-12,23-24,44-48 House of Representatives of the United States- Members of, on Congressional Gettysburg Committee, 6
Address of Presiding officer of, Hon. Champ Clark, on "Gover- nors' Day," 137-9
Address of Hon. J. Hampton Moore, Philadelphia Member of,
at the "Stone Wall" and "Bloody Angle," 168-71
Members of, Guests of Penna . , 173
Hubbell, Maj. and Rev. Dr. W. S., of New York, Chaplain, Military Order of the Medal of Honor, New York's Commemo- rative Services , 154-5
Huguet, Capt. A. H., Qtms. Corps, U. S. A., 52,233
Portrait, 42
Huidekoper, Gen. H. S., of Pennsylvania —
Credit for inception of Celebration , 178
Hulings, Hon. Willis J., U. S. Representative from Pennsylvania,
Guest of Penna., 173
Humphrey, Mr. T. H., Supervising Eng., Const. Branch, Qtms. Corps, U. S. A,, attends Gen Conferences Penna. Com- mission, 17-18,32-5
Portrait, 42
thanked by Penna. Commission, 52,233
Hutton, Maj. Paul C, Med. Corps U. S. A.—
Portrait, 62
tranked by Penna. Commission, 52,233
I.
Idaho, Representative to Penna. Commission appointed from, 5
United States Senator from, appointed to Congressional Gettys- burg Committee, 6
Identification Tag —
of Pennsylvania , general issuance urged , 33
Illinois, Representative to Penna. Commission appointed from, 5
Representative of, to Penna. Commission, 28
The "Inter-Ocean," of Chicago, editorial from, 20i>-l
Inception of Celebration by Pennsylvania, 3,22-3,178,234
Indiana, Representative to Penna. Commission appointed from, 5
Representative of, to Penna. Commission, 28
Commemorative Services of, 114-18
Address of Dr. Nathaniel D. Cox, Chairman of, at, 114-15
Address of Hon. Samuel M. Ralston, Governor of, at, 116-18
The "News," of Indianapolis, editorial from, 187-8
Information, given all Veterans eligible to Pennsylvania Free Get- tysburg Transportation , 21
detailed official, re Great Reunion, given all Veterans, 22-29
Service, Boy Scouts, in Great Camp, 49-51
Index. 257
Page.
"Inquirer," The, of Philadelphia, Pa., editorial from, .'. 208
"Inter-Ocean,"' The, of Chicago, Illinois, editorial from, 200-1
Invitation . (See also Commission) .
Pennsylvania, to Guests of Honor, 173-4
Iowa, Representative to Penna. Commission appointed from, 5
Representative of, to Penna. Commission, 28
J.
Johnson, Hon. B., U. S. Representative from Kentucky, Guest
of Penna . , 173
Jones, Hon. William A., U. S. Representative from Virginia,
Guest of Penna. , 173
Jordan, Capt. L. W., Jr., Qtms. Corps, U. S. A.—
Portrait, 42
attends Final Conference, Penna. Commission, 33,52,233
Jubilee, Peace, Services for July 4, 1913, proposed by Penna. Com- mission, 6,166-7,173
Kansas, Representative to Penna. Commission appointed from, 5
Representative of, to Penna. Commission, 28
Keith, John D., Esq., Chairman, Gettysburg Tov?n Councils Com- mittee—
Portrait, 7
attends General Conferences, Penna. Commission, 17-18,32-5
Kentucky, Representative to Penna. Commission appointed from,... 5
Representative of, to Penna. Commission, 9,28
Visited by Field Secretary of Penna. Commission, 10-11
The "Courier Journal," of Lexington, editorial from, 203-5
Kidd, Gen. James H., of Michigan, Member, Member, G. A. R.,
Gettysburg Committee (deceased) , 17-29
Portrait, 16
King, Gen. Horatio C, Representative from New York to Penna.
Commission , vice Gen . Sickles (resigned) , 5,28
Portrait, 6
Presides, New York's Commemorative Services, 153-166
thanked by Penna . Commission , 232
King, Capt. John R., Representative from Maryland to Penna.
Commission 5 , 28
Portrait, 6
accompanies Field Secretary of Penna. Commission, 11
thanked by Penna . Commission , 11-232
Kingman, Capt. N. H., Representative from South Dakota to
Penna. Commission, 5,28
Portrait 6
thanked by Penna . Commission , 232
258 Index.
Page.
Kirkpatrick, Hon. Sanford, U. S. Representative from Iowa,
Guest of Penna . , 173
Koch, Charles, Adj. General, G. A. R., 16
Kunkel, Geo. B., M. D., of Penna., Chief Surgeon, Penna. State
Health Department, 72-93,234
Portrait, 72
L.
Lafean, Hon. Daniel F., IT. S. Representative from Penna. and
Member Congressional Gettysburg Committee, 6
Portrait, 6
thanked by Penna . Commission , 232
Lamb, Hon. John, U. S. Representative from Virginia and Member
Congressional Gettysburg Committee, 6
Portrait, 6
thanked by Penna . Commission , 232
Large, Miss Henrietta Meade, Presented, "Military Day," 133
Large, Mr. G. G Meade, Presented, "Military Day," 132
Large, Mr. and Mrs. John B., Presented, "Military Day," 132
Large, Mr. Robert H., Presented, "Military Day," 132
Large, Mr. S. Sargeant, Presented, "Military Day," 133
Latta, Gen. James W., of Pennsylvania, Member, G. A. R. Get- tysburg Committee 17,29,2.32
Portrait 16
Law, Gen. E. M., Representative from Florida to Penna. Commis- sion, 5,9,28
Portrait, 6
thanked by Penna . Commission , 232
Leathers, Sgt. Maj. John H., C. S. A., of Kentucky, Staff, Com- mander-in-Chief, U. c. v.—
Portrait, 103
Address of. New York's Commemorative Services, 164-5
Lee, Hon. Robert E., U. S., Representative from Ponna., Guest
of Penna . , 173
Liggett, Brig. Gen., Hunter, U. S. A.—
Portrait 42
commanding "Great Cnmp." at Gettysburg, 42
commended in G. A. R. Getty-sburg Committee's Report, 229
congratulated and thanked by Penna. Commissions 52,233
Lister, Hon. Ernest, Governor of Washington, Guest of Penna. —
Portrait, 149
Livermore, Col. Thomas L., Representative from Mass. to Penna.
Commission (resigned) , 5
Locke. Capt. M. E., 3rd Field Artillery, U. S. A., 52,233
Portrait, 42
Loehr, Mr. Charles J., Secretary, Pickett's Division Association,. . 168
Index. 259
Page. Lloyd, Capt. Wm. Penn, of Pennsylvania, Member of Penna.
Commission , .' : 4
Portrait, 4
Died, September, 1911, 17,234
London, Eng. —
The "Telegraph,' of, extracts from, 216-17
The "Times," of, extracts from, 216
Louisiana, Representative to Penna. Commission appointed from, .. 5
Representative of, to Penna. Commission, 9,28
Louisville, Kentucky —
The "Courier-Journal" of, editorial from, 203-5
Lovejoy, Rev. Dr. George E., of Mass., Chaplaiu-in-Chief, G. A. R.—
Portrait, 102
Opening Prayer of, on "Veterans' Day," 96,7,226
Lumb, Capt. George P., Deputy Supt., Penna. State Police, 51-172
Portrait, 56
Lutheran Theological Seminary, at Gettysburg, 49
Photographic view of, 50
M.
Macatee, Dr. Henry 0., of Washington, D. C, in charge at Gettys- burg of American Red Cross Physicians, 64,71,333
Portrait , 64
Maine, Representative to Penna. Commission appointed from, 5
Representative of, to Penna . , 28
The "Evening Express and Advertiser," of Portland, editorial
from, 211-12
Manderson, Gen. Charles F., Representative from Nebraska to
Penna . Commission (deceased) , 5
Mann, Hon. Wm Hodges, Governor of Virginia —
Portrait , 140
address of, on "Governors' Day," 143-6
Marshall, Hon. Thomas R., Vice President of the United States —
Portrait, 133
Address of, on "Governors' Day," 136-7
and Mrs. Marshall, Guests of Penna. , 173
Group photograph, 172
Martin, Mr. E. S., Washington, D. C, in charge of Boy Scouts
witli Red Cross at Gettysburg, 51,64-71,153,233
Portrait , 64
Martin, Lieut. George W., of Missouri, Member, G. A. R. Get- tysburg Committee, 17,29,232
Portrait , 16
Martin, Dr. Rawley W., Representative from Virginia to Penna.,
Commission (deceased) , 5
17
260 Index.
Page.
Maryland, Representative to Penna. Commission appointed from,.. 5
Representative of, to Penna. Commission, 28
United States Senator from, appointed to Congressional Gettys- burg Committee (resigned) , 6
visited by Field Secretary of Penna. Commission, 10-11
Massachusetts, Representative appointed to Peuna. Commission
from , 3
Representative of, to Penna . Commission , 28
visited by Field Secretary of Penna . Commission, 10-11
The "Christian Science Monitor," of Boston, editorial from, 190-1
Meade, Mrs. George Gordon, presented, "Military Day," 132
Meade, Mr. George Gordon, presented, "Military Day," 132
Meade, Miss Henrietta, presented, "Military Day," 132
Meade, Miss Salvadora, presented, "Military Day," 133
Meade, Mr. Saunders L., presented, "Military Day," 133
Meconnahey, Mr. F. W., of Dept. of Penna., G. A. R., on G. A. R. Committee to assign Penna. Veterans to quarters in
Great Camp, 52
Medical Corps, U. S. A.—
Report of Lieut. Col. A. E. Bradley in charge of, at Gettys- burg, 54-64
. Medical and Hospital, Personnel of, 61
list of veterans vrho died in Great Camp, 55-56
officers, list of, in Great Camp, 62
statistical exhibit of, 64
thanked by Penna . Commission , 233
Medical Reserve Corps, U. S. A. —
Group Photograph, 62
officers , list of, in Great Camp, 63
thanked by Penna . Commission , 233
Medical Society of District of Columbia- Doctors of, with American Red Cross Society at Gettysburg,... 66
Personnel of. 68-70
Members —
of Congressional Gettysburg Committee, 6
of Grand Army of the Republic, Gettysburg Commission, 29
of Fiftieth Anniversary of the Battle of Gettysburg, Penna.
Commission , 1 , 4 , 22,221 ,235
of United Confederate Veterans, Gettysburg Committee, 29,221
Memorial, Peace Monument, of Great Reunion, suggested by Penna.
Commission 6-7
Referred to by U. C. V. , 10
G. A. R. suggests joint dedication of, by G. A. R. and U. C. V. 15-16 address of Col. Cowan, President, Society Army of Potomac,
for, 165-6
recommendation and actions of Penna. Commission for, 166-7
preliminary steps taken at Gettysburg. July 3, 1913, for, 167
organization formed at Chattanooga, for, 167-8
Index. 261
Page.
its bill for, introduced in Congress , 168
explanation regarding subject, I73
Menus, for Veteran Guests during Reunion Week, announced, 33
Message —
Biennials, of Hon. Edwin S. Stuart, of Jan., 1909 and Jan.
1911, relative to Celebration , 3,7
of Hon. John K. Tener, of Jan., 1913, 19
Michigan, Representative to Penna. Commission appointed from,.. 5
Representative of, to Penna. Commission, 28
Mickle, Adj. Gen., William B., Chief of Staff, U. C. V., 10
Military- Day services, July 2, 1913, in Great Tent, 118-33
programme of —
Order of the Loyal Legion , 119
Benediction by Capt. and Rev. Dr. J. Richard Boyle, Chap- lain of, 133
Order of the Medal of Honor- Prayer by Maj. and Rev. Dr. W. S. Hubbell, Chaplain of, .... 154 Order of the Society of the Army of the Potomac, address by Col.
Andrew Cowan, President of, 165-6
Staff of the Governor of Pennsylvania, 49
Miller, Hon. Charles R., Governor of Delaware —
Portrait, 141
address of, on "Governors' Day , " 150-1
Miller, Capt. William E., of Carlisle, Pa.—
Member, Penna. Commission, appointed vice Capt. Lloyd (de- ceased) , 1 , 17 , 22 , 221
Portrait, • 4
attends General Conferences of Pennaa. Commission, ..13-14,17-18,32-35
thanked by Officers of, Penna . Commission, 234
signs Report of Penna . Commission, 235
Mills, Col. Albert M., U. S. V., 155
Milwaukee, Wis. —
The "Sentinel," of, editorial from, 189-90
Miners' First Aid Teams, of Penna., with American Red Cross at
Gettysburg, .• 66
Personnel, 68-70
Minnesota, Representative to Penna. Commission appointed from,.. 5
Representative of, to Penna . Commission, 28
Mississippi, Representative to Penna. Commission appointed from 5
Representative of, to Penna . Commission , 9-28
visited by Field Secretary of Penna. Commission, 10-11
Missouri, Representative to Penna. Commission appointed from,... 5
Representative of, to Penna. Commission, 9-28
Monument, Peace Memorial, of Great Reunion. (See Memorial).
262 Index.
Page.
Moore, Hon. J. Hampton, U. S. Representative from Penna.,
Guest of Pensylvania , 173
Portrait, 119
address of, at "Hand Shake" at "Stone Wall" and "Bloody
angle" in presenting Flag, 168-71
Moore, Gen. James W., Representative from South Carolina, 5
accompanies Field Secretary Penna . Commission , 10-11
thanked by Penna . Commission , 11-232
Mondell, Hon. Frank W., U. S. Representative from Wyoming,
Guest of Pennsylvania , 173
Monford, Capt. E. R., of Ohio, Member, G. A. R. Gettysburg
Committee, 17,29,232
Portrait, 16
Montana, Representative to Penna. Commission appointed from, 5
Representative of, to Pennsylvania, 28
Montgomery, Col. W. A., Representative from Mississippi to
Penna. Commission, 5,9,28
Portrait, " 6
accompanies Field Secretary of Penna. Commission, 10-11
thanked by Ponna. Commission, 11,232
Morgan, Col. Charles E., Representative from Oregon to Penna.
Commission (resigned) , 5
Morse, Maj. Arthur W., Med. Corps, U. S.A., 233
Portrait, 62
Mosher, How. L. J., Representative from Oklahoma to Penna.
Commission, vice Capt. Ware (deceased), • 28
Portrait, 6
thanked by Penna . Commission , 232
Murray, Miss Sara M., of Philadelphia- Chief Nurse with American Red Cross at Gettysburg, 64-71,233
Portrait, 64
McChesney, Col. James Z., of West Virginia, Member, U. C. V.
Gettysburg Committee 29
Portrait, 17
McClellan, Mr. Geo. McK., Representative from Hawaii to Penna.
Commission (resigned) , 5,29
McConnell, Col. Charles H., of Illinois, Member, G. A. R. Get- tysburg Committee, 17,29,232
Portrait, 16
McCreary, Hon. James B., Governor of Kentucky —
Portrait, 140
address of, on "Governors' Day," 139-42
McDowell, Maj. Alexander, of Sharon, Pa., Member, Penna. Com- mission, 4,22,221
Portrait , 4
attends General Conferences of, 6,13-14,17-18,32-5
died, September, 1913, 18,234
McRae, Maj. J. H., 5th Infantry, U. S. A 52,233
Portrait, 42
Index. 263
N.
Page. Nashville, Tenu., The "Confederate Veteran," (U. C. V.) of, ex- tract from, 215-16
"National Tribune," (G. A. R.) The, of Washington, D. C, edi- torial from, 212-14
Nebraska, Representative to Penna. Commission appointed from,... 5
Representative of, to Penna. Commission, 28
Neeley, Capt. W. S., U. S. A., 52,233
Portrait , 42
Nelson, Hon. Kuute, U. S. Senator from Minnesota, Guest of Pa., 173
Nevada, Representative to Penna. Commission appointed from, 5
Represents ti ve of , to Penna . Commission , 28
New Hampshire, Representative to Penna. Commission appointed
from , 5
Representative of , to Penna . Commission , 28
The "Evening Monitor," of Concord, editorial from, 188-9
New Jersey, Representative to Penna. Commission appointed from, 5
Representative of, to Penna. Commission, 28
Visited by Field Secretary of Penna. Commission, 10-11
Newlands, Hon. Francis G., U. S. Senator from Nevada, Guest of
Penna . , 173
New Mexico, Representative to Penna. Commission appointed from, 5
Representative of, to Penna. Commission, 28
"News," The, of Indianapolis, Ind., editorials from, 187-8,205-6
"News and Courier," of South Carolina, editorials from, 196-207
Newspapers —
Photographers of, Penna. Commission's acknowledgment to, 2
Representative editorials from leading, upon Great Reunion,
published before, during and after Reunion Week, 186-214
Extracts from articles upon Great Reunion, published in lead- ing, during and after Reunion Week , 215-17
News-Service —
Photographers of, Penna. Commission's acknowledgment to, 2
New York, Representative to Penna. Commission appointed from,.. 5
Representative of, to Penna. Commission, 28
Visited by Field Secretary, Penna. Commission, 10-11
Commemorative Services of, 153-166
Programme of, 154-5
The "Daily Eagle," of Brooklyn, editorial from, 200
The "Herald , " of New York City, editorial from, 190
The "Tribune," of New York City, editorial from, 191-2
Nicholson^ Bvt. Lieut. Col. John P., of Penna., Chairman, Get- tysburg National Park Commission^
Portrait, , 7
attends General Conferences of Pennft. Commission,. .6,13-14,17-18,32-5 calls meeting of Gettysburg Citizens to endorse movement for
Celebration, 178
thanked by Penna . Commission , 97 , 233
264 Index.
Page. North Carolina, Representative to Penna. Commission appointed
from , 5
Representative of, to Penna. Commission, 9,28
North Dakota, Representative to Penna. Commission appointed
from , 5
Representative of , to Penna . Commission , 28
Norton, Col. George A., of Kentucky, Member, U. C. V., Get- tysburg Commission, 16,29,232
Portrait, 16
Normoyle, Maj. James E., Qtms. Corps, U. S. A., Chief Quar- termaster in charge Great Camp —
Portrait, 42
attends General Conferences of Penna. Commission, 17-18,32-5
urges careful estimates be furnished of Veterans' attendance in
Great Camp, 32-5
fully explains general plans of, and all perfected details thereof, 32-5 in conferences with Signal Corps, Medical Corps, and other
branches of the Service, 41-2,54^65
accommodates greatly increased numbers of Veteran Guests in un- expected rush, June 29-30, 47-48-52
erects model camp for Penna. State Police at Gettysburg, 51
dismantling Great Camp, 177-8
general Financial Statement of, to December 15, 1913, 181-5
commended by Resolution of Ex-Confederates in Great Camp,
July 1, 1913, 218
in General Orders No. 7, G. A. R., July 25, 1913, 220
in Report of G. A. R., Gettysburg Committee, Sept. 18,
1913, 229
and thanked by Penna. Commission, 52,233
Nurses of Pennsylvania —
with American Red Cross at Great Reunion, 66
personnel of, 68-70
with Penna. Department of Health at Great Reunion, 72
personnel of, 73-74
O.
Officers, Congressional Gettysburg Committee, 6
of Pennsylvania Commission, 1,4,17,18,221,235
of United States Army on duty at Great Camp, Roster of Com- missioned Personnel, 42-44,62-63,68-70
all thanked by Penna. Commission for their efficient services
rendered, 52,233
O'Halloran, Miss Alice M., of Philadelphia. Pa., Chief Nurse,
Penna. Emergency Hospital, at Gettysburg, 72-93,234
Portrait,. 72
Index. 265
Page.
Ohio, Representative to Penna. Commission appointed from, 5
Representative of, to Penna. Commission, 28
The "Citizen," of Columbia, editorial from, 196-7
The '"Enquirer," of Cincinnati, editorial from, 209
Oklahoma, Representative to Penna. Commission appointed from, .. 5
Representative of, to Penna. Commission, 28
Oliver, Hon. George T., U. S. Senator from Pennsylvania and
Chairman, Congressional Gettysburg Committee, 6
Portrait, 6
Penna. Commission confers with, 5
introduces Concurrent Resolution in Congress for appointment
of Congressional Gettysburg Committee, 5
and for Preliminary Survey and Estimate of Cost of Great
Camp, by War Department, 11
and bill for participation of United States Government in the
Celebration, 12-13
Guest of Penna 173
thanked by Penna . Commission , 232
Oliver, Brig. Gen. Robert Shaw, U. S. A., Asst. Secretary of War- Portrait, 42
attends General Conferences, Penna. Commission, • 13-14
thanked by Penna . Commission , 233
Olmstead, Hon. Marlin E., U. S. Representative from Penna.,
Penna. Commission confers with, 5
Orders, General- No . 9 of United Confederate A^eterans , 9
No. 7 of Grand Army of the Republic, 220
Oregon, Representative to Penna. Commission appointed from, 5
Representative of, to Penna. Commission, 28
P.
Park, Col. Lemuel M., Staff, Commander-in-Chief, U. C. V.—
Portrait, 103
Partridge, Capt. Daniel, Representative from Alabama to Penna.
Commission (deceased), 5,9
Patterson, Gen. Joab N., Representative from New Hampshire to
Penna. Commission, 5,28
Portrait , 6
Patterson, Maj. Robert U., Medical Corps, U. S. A. In charge of American Red Cross at Great Reunion- Portrait, 64
report of, 64-71
thanked by Penna. Commission, 52,233
266 Index.
Page.
Patterson, Capt. Wm. J., of Pittsburgh, Pa., Member, Penna.
Commission , vice Privt . Brown (deceased) , 17
Portrait , 4
attends General Conferences of Penna. Commission, 13-14,17-18,32-5
thanked by Officers of Penna . Commission , 234
signs Report of Penna . Commission , 235
Patten, Mr. J. Woodbridge, of Philadelphia, Pa., Field Secretary
of Boy Scouts, 49-51,153
Portrait, 58
Peace, Memorial Monument of Great Reunion. (See Memorial). Pennsylvania College at Gettysburg- Headquarters, Governor of Penna. and Penna. Commission and
special guests, 34,49
Panoramic Photograph of Campus of, 48
Pennsylvania Commission. (See Commission). Pennsylvania and the Great. Reunion- inception of, by, 3,22,178
actions of Governors Stuart and Tener of, for, 3,4,7,8,17,18,19,20,
46,51,101-2,133,53,174-6
of U. S. Senators Penrose and Oliver of, for, 5,6,11,12-13
of U. S. Representative Olmstead, Lafean and Moore of, for 5,6,168-71
Acts of General Assemblies of, for, 3,4,7,8,19,20,46
Commission of, in charge of, 1,417-18,221,235
Invitation of. to, 3,4-5,19-20,21-23,43-48
one-half of all expenses of War Department in establishing and
maintaining Great Camp for 40,000 Veteran Guests paid by, .. 12-13 all expenses of caring for all Veteran Guests in excess of 40,000
paid by, 45_8
Gettysburg transportation, within Fennsylvania , for all Penna.
Veterans paid for by, ' 21,30-32
Gettysburg Transportation -for all Veterans resident in Penna.
paid for by, 21,30-32
total present, of both Pennsylvania Veterans and Veterans resi- dent in Pennsylvania , 37
return transportation, from Gettysburg to their homes, for all
Veteran Guests who had lost original, paid for by, 113-114
Boy Scouts of, at, 49-51
State Police of, at, 51_52
Nurses of, at, 66,68-70
"First aid" Teams of Miners of, at, 66-69
Department of Health of, at, 72-94
Hospitals of, agree to aid, 87-88,91
is commended and thanked by her guests , 217-31
Commission of, expresses her thanks to all who aided in, 11,14,50-51,
52,232-5 Penrose, Hon. Boies, U. S. Senator from Penn-sylvania—
Penna . Commission confers with , 5
Guest of Penna . , I73
Index. 267
Page. Peterson, Mr. A. G., Representative from Missouri to Penna. Com- mission (resigned) , 5,9
Philadelphia, Pa.—
Brigade Association of, "Hand Shake" of members of, with mem- bers of Picketts' Division Association at "Stone Wall" and
"Bloody Angle" at Gettysburg, Ceremonies of, 168-71
Boy Scouts of, at Great Reunion, 49-51,153,210
the "Evening Bulletin , " of, editorial from , 195
the "Evening Telegraph," of, editorial from, 186-7
the "Inquirer," of, editorial from , 208
the "Public Ledger," of, editorial from , 197-8
Pickett's Division Association. (See Phila. Brigade Association). Pirtle, Maj. John B., C. S. A.—
recommends formation of Blue and Gray Organization, 219
Pitcher, Capt. Leon S., Commanding Troop "B" Penna. State
Police, 51-2, 172
Portrait, 56
Plans of Celebration —
general scope of, 3,4-5,6-7,23
Police, Pennsylvania State, 51-2,172
Porter, Hon. George D., Philad'a, Pa., Boy Scout Commissioner of
Phila 49-51
Portrait , , 58
thanked by Governor of Penna . , 153
Portland, Maine—
The "Evening Express and Daily Advertiser," of, editorial from, 211-12 Porto Rica, Representative to Penna. Commission appointed from, 5
Representative of, to Penna . Commission , 29
"Post," The, of Washington, D. C, editorials from, 194,210
Powell, Hon. Archibald, W., Auditor General of Penna., agrees to
Pennsylvania's Emergency appropriation , 46
Prayer —
of Rev. Dr. George E. Lovejoy, Chaplain-in-Chief, G. A. R.,
on "Veterans' Day," 9&-7
of Rev. Dr. Newell Dwight Hilles, on "Military Day," 118
of Capt. and Rev. Dr. J. Richard Boyle, Chaplain, Military
Order, Loyal Legion — Benediction — on "Military Day," 133
of Rev. Henry M. Couden, Chaplain, U. S. House of Repre- sentatives, on "Governors' Day," 135
Invocation and Benediction at New York's Commemorative Ser- vices by Maj. and Rev. Dr. W. S. Hubbell, Chaplain, Mili- tary Order of the Medal of Honor , 154-5
President, The, of the United States- conferences with (President Taft) by Penna. Commission, 5
to preside at ceremonies July 4, 1913, 10
approves (President Taft) Act of Congress for participation of National Government in the .Celebration , 14
268 Index.
Page.
thanked (President Taf t) by Penna . Commission , 14
advices from (President Wilson) regarding visit to Great Re- union and address of, at 173-4
arrival , reception and departure of, 174-6
address of 174^6
Programme- Tentative, for the Celebration, 6,26
of First Day's, "Veterans' Day," Services, in Great Tent, 95
of Second Day's," Military Day," Services, in Great Tent, 119
of Third Day's, "Governors' Day," Services, in Great Ttent, 134
of New York's Commemorative Services in Great Tent, 154-5
"Public Ledger," The, of Philadelphia, Pa., editorial from, 197-8
R.
Railroads —
Rate of Trunk Lin^ Association of, 26-34
at Gettysburg, improvements made and record there achieved,... 48
commended by Penna . Commission , 48
at Gettysburg, requested by Penna. Commission to provide, at expense of .Penna.. return transportation home for all Vet- eran Guests having lost original , 113-14
Ralston, Hon. Samuel 3.1., Governor of Indiana —
Portrait 148
address of, at Indiana's Commemorative Services, 116-18
address of, on "Governors' Day," 152-3
Rayner, Hon. Isidor, U S. Senator from Maryland and Member,
Congressional Gettysburg Committee (resigned) , 0
Portrait, 6
Red Cross. (See American Red Cross).
"Register," The, of Wheeling, West Virginia, editorial from, 2(11-2
Reid, Col. John S., of Georgia, Member, U. C. V., Gettysburg
Committee, 16
Portrait, 16
Reins, J. P., Esq., of Montana, Member, IT. C. V., Gettysburg
Committee, 16,29,232
Report—
of Penna. Coro mission, to the General Assembly of Penna. through His Excellency, John K. Tener, Governor of Penna., ..Title Page, 3
of War Department, to Congress, 12
Representatives —
to the Penna. Commission, appointed by the several Common- wealths, States and Territories, 5,28-29
who accompanied Field Secretary of Penna. Commission, 11
attend General Conferences of Penna> Commission, 6,13-14,17-18,32-5
Index. 269
Page.
notice telegraphed to, that Penna. will meet all expense of caring
for all. Veteran Guests in excess of 40,000, 44-48
commended and thanked by Penna. Commission, 11,232
lutions —
Concurrent, of Congress, appointing Gettysburg Committee,... 5 directing Secretary of War to confer with Penna. Commis- sion and to make survey and cost estimate for Great Camp, 6
adopted and actions taken at and after Great Reunion, 217-31
Rest and Comfort Stations. (See Comfort).
Reunion, Annual, of U. C. "V., accepts invitation of G. A. R. to
join in Great Reunion , .' 16
Peace, for July 4, 1913, 6-173
Regimental, Brigade, Division, Corps and Army and "Great Re- union" in Great Tent, 26,94,114,133,153,166
closing ceremonies of, 177
Rhode Island, Representative to Penna. Commission appointed from, 5
visited by Field Secretary Penna. Commission, 10-11
Representative of, to Penna. Commission, 28
Rhodes, Maj. Charles D., 15th Cav., U. S. A., 172,233
Portrait, 42
Rhodes, Gen. Elisha H., Representative from Rhode Island to
Penna. Commission, 5,28
Portrait, 6
Accompanies Field Secretary of Penna. Commission, 10-11
Member of G. A. R. Gettysburg Qommittee, 29
thanked by Penna. Commission, 11,232
Richardson, Hon. D. C, Representative from Virginia to Penna.
Commission (resigned), vice Dr. Martin (deceased), 29
Richmond, Mr. J. L., Representative from North Dakota to Penna.
Commission (resigned) , 5
Ricketts, Brvt. Col. R. Bruce, of Wilkes-Barre, Pa., Member,
Penna. Commission, 1,4,22,221
Portrait , 4
attends General Conferences of Penna. Commission, 13-14,17-18
thanked by Officers of Penna . Commission , 234
signs Report of Penna . Commission , 235
Robertson, Gen. Felix H., Representative from Texas to Penna.
Commission, 5,9,29
Portrait, 6
thanked by Penna . Commission , 232
Recommends formation of Blue and Gray organization , 219
Robinson, Capt. J. P., of Penna., Commanding Troop "D," Penna.
State Police, 51,172
Portrait, 56
Robinson, Hon. Joe T., U. S. Senator, from Arkansas, Guest of
Penna . , 173
270 Index.
Page.
Rodgers, Col. Thomas B., Representative from Missouri to.Penna.
Commission vice Mr . Peterson (resigned) , 28
Portrait, 6
thanked by Penna . Commission , 232
Romanes, F. J., of Phila., Pa.—
Portrait, 58
Headquarters Aide, Boy Scouts, at Great Reunion, 49,51
Rooney, H. R., of Philadelphia, Pa.—
Portrait, 58
Headquarters Aide, Boy Scouts, at Great Reunion, 49,51
Royer, B. Franklin, M. D., of Penna., Chief Med. Inspector,
Penna. Department ot Health, 72,93,234
Portrait , 72
Rutland, Vt—
The "Herald ,'■ of, editorial from , 193-4
S.
San Francisco, Cal. —
The "Examiner," of, editorial from, ■ 202-3
Saunders, Lt. E. O., 29th Infy, U. S. A., 52,233
Portrait ' 42
Scarborough, Sergt. John C, Representative from North Carolina
to Penna. Commission, 5,9,28
Portrait, 6
address of, on "Military Day," 121-26
thanked by Penna . Commission , 232
Schoonmaker, Col. James M., of Pittsburgh, Pa. (Also see Chair- man).
Member, Penna. Commission, vice Dr. Boyle (resigned), 1,17,22,221
Portrait, 4
elected Chairman of, vice Gen . Wagner (resigned) , IS
attends General Conferences of, 17-18,32-5
presides at Final Conference of Commission, 32-5
with Governor Tener and Members of Penna. Commission, welcomes special guests of Commission on College Campus at
Gettysburg, 49
opening address of, on "Veterans' Day," 95-6
introduces speakers on "Veterans' Day," 96-7-8,101-2-5
confers relative to Penna. State Health Department's work at
Gettysburg , 75
Report of, made to, 72-93
commended by Resolution of Ex. Confederates at Gettysburg,
July 1, 1913, 217-18
thanked in letter from Gen. Walker, Past Commander-in-Chief,
U. C . V. and Chairman its Gettysburg Committee, 221-225
commended in Report of G. A. R., Gettysburg Committee, 226-231
Index. 271
Page.
Scope, of Celebration, general, and plans of, 3,4-5,6-7,23
Scouts, Boy. (See Boy Scouts).
Screws, Col. W. H., of Alabama, Member, U. C. V., Gettysburg
Committee 16,29 , 232
Scriven, Brig. Gen. Geo. P., Chief Signal Officer, U. S. A., 233
Second Day's Services, "Military Day," July 2nd, in "Great Tent."
(See also Military Day), 118-133
General Conference of Penna. Commission. (See Conferences), 13-14 Secretary, of Pennsylvania Commission and Field Secretary. (See
Capt. and Rev. Dr. Boyle and Lieut. Col. Beitler). Secretary of War, (Hon. Harry L. Stimson), authorized and directed
by Congres.s to confer with Penna. Commission, 11
and to establish and maintain Great Camp , 11-12
correspondence with (Hon. Lindley M. Garrison) relative to Penn- sylvania paying all expenses of caring for all Veteran Guests
in excess of 40,000, 44-48
thanked by Penna . Commission , 233
Asst., of War, (Gen. Robert Shaw Oliver), thanked by Penna.
Commission , 233
Asst., of War, (Hon. Henry S. Brackenridge) , letter of, to
Miss Boardman of American Red Cross Society , 71
thanked by Penna . Commission , 233
Seeley, Genl. Henry J., of Connecticut, Adj. General of G. A. R.,
Guest of Pennsylvania, 221,226
Seigfried, Mr. D. F., Representative from North Dakota to Penna.
Commission vice Mr . Richmond (resigned) , 5,28
Portrait, 6
thanked by Penna . Commission , 232
Seminary, Lutheran Theological, at Gettysburg, Headquarters of—
Special guests of Penna . Commission , 49
Photographic view of, 50
Senate of the United States- Conferences with Penna. Members of, Penrose and Oliver, by
Penna. Commission, 5
Members of, on Congressional Gettysburg Committee, 6
address of Presiding Officer of, Vice President Marshall, on
"Governors' Day," 136-7
Members of. Guests of Penna . , 174
•■'Sentinel," The, of Milwaukee, Wis., editorial from, 189-90
Services, Commemorative, by the State of Indiana, 114-8-
by the State of New York, 153-66
by the Philadelphia Brigade Asso. and Pickett's Division Asso., 168-71 Shaw, Col. James P., Representative from Oregon to Penna. Com- mission, vice Commandant Elder (resigned) , 5-28
Portrait, 6
thanked by Penna . Commission 232
272 Indew.
Page. Sherley, Hon. Swagar, U. S. Representative from Kentucky, intro- duces Bill in Congress for Gettysburg Peace Memorial Monu- ment of the Great Reunion, 168
Sherman, Hon. James Schoolcraft, vice President of the U. S.,
conferred with by Penna . Commission, 5
Shiveley, Hon. Benj. F., U. S. Senator from Indiana, Guest of
Penna . , 173
Sickles, Maj. Gen. Daniel E., Representative from New York to
Penna . Commission (resigned) , 5
accompanies Field Secretary of Penna. Commission, 10
thanked by Penna . Commission, 11
Member G. A. R., Gettysburg Committee, 17,29
Simpson, Mr. ICdwin I., Chief Div. of Accounting and Purchasing,
Penna. State Health Department, 72-93,234
Portrait, 72
Singmaster, Rev. Dr. J. A., President, Lutheran Theological
Seminary at Gettysburg, 34,49
Portrait , 7
attends General Conferences of Penna. Commission, 6,13-14,17-18,32-5
Sinnott, Col. J. B., Representative from Louisiana to Penna.
Commission, •. 5,9,28
Portrait, 6
thanked by Penna . Commission , 232
Skelton, Col. Edward O., Representative from Mass. to Penna.
Commission, vice Col. Liverraore (resigned) , 28.
Portrait, 6
accompanies Field Secretary, Penna. Commission, 10
thanked by Penna . Commission , 232
Smith, Gen. J. P., Representative from Arkansas to Penna. Com- mission, 5,9,28
Portrait, 6
Smoot, Hon. Reed, U. S. Senator from Utah, Guest of Penna., .. 173 Smyth, Hon. L. H., Representative from Utah to Penna. Commis- sion , 5-29
Portrait , 6
thanked by Penna . Commission , 232
Snow, Mr. F. Herbert, of Penna., Chief Eng., Penna. State
Health Department, 72-93,234
Portrait, 72
attends Final General Conference of Penna. Commission, 32-5
Solomon, Gen. E. E., appointed Rep. from California to Penna.
Commission (resigned) , 28
South Carolina, Representative to Penna. Commission appointed
from , 5
Repre.sentativc of, to Penna . Commission , 9,28
visited b.v Field Secy. Penna. Commission, ' 10-11
Governor of. and Gen. B. F. Teague of, sign joint note for
transportation of her Veterans, 39
The "News and Courier," of Charleston, editorials from, 196,207
Index. 273
Page South Dakota, Representative to Penna. Commission appointed
from , 5
Representative of, to Penna. Commission, ■ 28
Speakers. (See also Addresses).
Suggested for Great Reunion , 6
Stanwood, Mr. Henry T., of Dept. of Penna. G. A. R. on G. A. R. Committee to assign Penna. Veterans to Quarters in Great
Camp, 52
State Police of Pennsylvania, 51-2,172
States- All sister States invited by Penna. Commission to participate in
celebration 4-5
All appoint Representatives to Penna . Commission , 5
Representatives of, to Penna. Commission, 9,28-29
Stedman, Hon. C. M., U. S. Representative from North Carolina,
Guest of Penna 173
Stegman, Col. Lewis R., of New York, Chairman, New York's
Monument Commission , 154
Stewart, Capt. George E., Quartermaster Corps, U. S. A., 52,233
Portrait, 42
Stewart, Brig. Gen. Thomas J., of Penna.—
The Adj. General and Chief of Staff, National Guard of Penna., 49
Portrait, 6
Stimson, Hon. Henry L., Secretary of War —
Portrait , 42
Authorized and directed by Congress to confer with Penna.
Commission , 11
Authorized and directed to cause to be made surveys, estimates
of costs, etc. , for Great Camp, 11-12
to detail Officers of the United States Army and to establish and
maintain Great Camp for Reunion, 12-13
thanked by Penna . Commission , 233
Stokey, Capt. W. P., 1st Bat. Engineers, U. S. A., 52,233
Portrait, 42
Stone, Col. George W., Chairman, Michigan's Gettysburg Com- mission—
Portrait, 6
"Stone Wall". (See also "Bloody Angle").—
"Hand Shake" at, and ceremonies of Flag presentation, 168-71
Stowits, Col. Cola D. R., of New York, Quartermaster General
of G. A. R. , Guest of Pennsylvania, 226
Portrait, 102
Stuart, Hon. Edwin S., of Philadelphia, Pa., Governor of Penna.
(See also Governor), 3,4,7,178,234
Portrait, 3
Stultz, Mr. Franklin S., of Dept. of Penna. G. A. R. onG.A. R. Committee to assign Penna Veterans to Quarters in Great Camp, ••• 52
274 Index.
Page.
Sulzer, Hon. AVni., Governor of New York- Portrait, 140
address of, on "Governors Day , " 142
at New York's Commemorative Services, 154
Swanson, Hon. Claude A., U. S. Senator from Virginia —
member of Congressional Gettysburg Committee, vice Senator
Rayner (resigned) , 6
Portrait, 6
thanked by Penna . Commission , 232
Taft, William Howard, The President of the United States, 5,10,14
(See also. The President.).
Portrait, 14
thanked by Penna . Commission , 14
Tag, Identification —
of Pennsylvania Commission, general issuance urged, 33
Photograph, 89
Talbot, Hon. Jasper, appointed Representative from South Caro- lina to Penna. Commission (resigned), vice Gen. Moore (de- ceased) , 28
Talbot, Hon. J. Fred C, U. S. Representative from Maryland,
Guest of Penna . Commission , 173
Tawney, Hon. James A., U. S. Representative from Minnesota,
Member of Congressional Gettysburg Commission, 6
Portrait, 6
thanked by Penna . Commission , 232
Taylor, Hon. George W., U. S. Representative from Alabama,
Guest of Pennsylvania , 173
Teague, Gen. B. F. Representative from South Carolina to Penna. Commission, vice Mr. Talbert (resigned) —
Portrait, 6
Signs joint note with Governor of South Carolina for transporta- tion of her veterans , 39
thanked by Penna . Commission for his services, 232
Tener, Hon. John K., of Charleroi, Pa., Governor of Pennsylvania.
(See also "Governor"), 3,8,17,18,19,20,21,26,46,49,51,72,101,2,
133-4-5-7-8 , 142-3-6-8-9 , 150-1-2 , 153 , 174-6 ,'224 , 229 , 234-5
Portrait , 1
Tennessee, Representative to Penna. Commission appointed from,.. 5
Representative of, to Penna. Commission, 9,28
The "Confederate Veteran" (U. C. V.), of Nashville, extract
from , 215-16
Tent. The "Great"—
for services and reunions completed , 94
Photograph , ,..,...,,, 94
Index. 275
Page. Territories —
of Alaska, Hawaii and Porto Rico, .■ 4r-5
Representatives to Penna. Commission appointed from, 5
Representatives of, to Penna. Commission, 29
Texas —
Representative to Penna. Commission appointed from, 5
Representative, of , to Penna . Commission , 9-29
Third- Day's Services, "Governors' Day," in Great Tent, 133-53
(See also. Governors' Day.) General Conference of Penna. Commission. (See Conferences), . 17-18 Thompson, Mr. Thomas, Commanding, Philadelphia Brigade Asso- ciation , 168-71
Thornton, Hon. James R., U. S. Representative from Louisiana,
Guest of Pennsylvania , 173
Threadgill, Gen, John, of Oklahoma, Member, U. C. V., Get- tysburg Committee, 16,29,232
Portrait, 17
Todd, Mr. Samuel C. of Charleroi, Pa., Treasurer of Penna. Com- mission, vice Gen. Wagner (resigned), 1,18
Portrait , 5
attends Final General Conference of Penna. Commission, 32-5
Financial Statement of, 178-81
Signs Report of Penna . Commission , 235
Torney, Brig. Gen. George H., Surgeon General, U. S. A., 233
Torrance, Hon. Ell., of Minn., Past Commander-in-Chief, G.
A. R. and Chairman its Gettysburg Committee, 29
Portrait, 16
joins Gen. Walker, Commander-in-Chief, U. C. V. in confer- ence with Penna. Commission regarding Celebration, 8
attends General Conferences of Penna . Commission , 13-14, 32-5
Recommends formation of Blue and Gray Organization, 219
Commended in Gen. Orders No. 7, G. A. R., 220
Commende'd in farewell address of Commander-in-Chief Beers,
of G. A. R., 226
Commends Great Reunion, Penna., and Penna. Commission,
in his Report of G . A . R . , Gettysburg Committee, 22&-31
thanked by Penna . Commission for his services , 232
Towson, Gen. J. William, of Missouri, Member, U. C. V. Get- tysburg Committee , 16-29
Portrait, 17
Trains, Hospital, of Penna. State Health Department, 86
Transportation —
Penna. Free Gettysburg, notice of, given to all Pennsylvania
Veterans and to all Veterans in Pennsylvania eligible thereto,.. 21-25
Issued 30
Issuance, 32
Total paymen t therefor , 31
18
276 Index.
Page. Return, from Gettysburg to their homes, issued by Penna. to all
Veteran Guests who had lost original , 113-14
total payment for all , by Penna . Commission , 114
Treasurer, of Pennsylvania Commission, Gen. Louis Wagner, re- signed, Mr. Samuel C. Todd, successor- Statement of, to Dec. 31, 1913, 17R-81
"Tribune," The, of New York, N. Y., editorial from, 191-2
Tribute to our Heroic Dead —
The closing ceremony of the Great Reunion , 177
Trimble, Hon. U. M., of Illinois, Commander-in-Chief, G. A. R.— Letter of, to Gen. C. Irvine Walker, Commander-in-Chief,
TJ. C. v., to join G. A. R., in the Great Reunion, 15-16
commended in Farewell Address of Commander-in-Chief Beers,
of G. A. R., 226
Trunk Line Association 34,48
Railroad Rates of 22-29,34,48
U
Union League, The, of Philadelphia, tenders courtesy of its Club- house for Third General Conference of Penna. Commission and Guests , 17
Flags, or Confederate Flags, Governor Tener, of Penna., decides
Veterans with either, welcome at Great Reunion, 17-18
Uniforms, or Confederate Uniforms or Civilian Dress: Like decision
as to Veterans wearing same 17-18
Veterans, all honorably discharged, of Civil War, invited by
Penna. Commission to participate in Great Reunion, 3,4-5,6-7,8,
11-13 , 15-16, 17-18 , 22-29,44r48 United Confederate Veterans' Association —
invited by Penna. Commission to participate in Celebration, 8-9,22-9
Commander-in-Chief Walker of, joins Past Commander-in-Chief Torrance, of G. A. R., in conference with Penna. Commission, re Celebration , 8-9
invited by Commander-in-Chief Trimble, of G. A. R. to join G . A . R . in the Great Reunion , 15-16
both invitations accepted at Annual Reunion of, by appointment of U. C. V. Gettysburg Committee, 16
Members of Committee of, 29
Commander-in-Chief Walker attends General Conferences of Penna. Commission, 17-18,32-5
notice given to, that Penna. will pay all expenses of caring for all Veteran Guests in excess of 40 , 000 , '. 47
actions taken and Resolution adopted at Gettysburg during the Great Reunion by members of, and by members elsewhere after the Great Reunion , 217-19 , 221-25
Index. 277
Page, joint actiou taken at Gettysburg during Great Reunion by Mem- bers of, and G . A . R . Members , 219
Commended by Penna . Commission , 232
United Daughters of the Confederacy —
President of, Mrs. Alexander B. White, Commended in Repart
of G. A. E., Gettysburg Committee 229
Utah, Representatives to Penna. Commission appointed from, 5
Representatives of, to Penna . Commission , 29
Governor of, gives personal note for transportation of her vet- erans, 39
V
Van Poole, Maj. G. M., Med. Corps, U. S. A., 52,233
Portrait, 62
Verdict —
of our Guest, the Honorably Discharged Veterans of the Civil War — in actions taken and Resolutions passed at, during and
after the Great Reunion, 217-231
Vermont, Representative to Penna. Commission appointed from,... 5
Representative of , to Penna . Commission , 29
The "Herald," of Rutland, editorial from, 193
"Veterans' Day" —
Services , July 1 , in Great Tent, 95-113
Programme of, 95
Vice Chairman, of Congressional Gettysburg Committee, Hon.
James A. Tawney, 6
Vice President, The, of the United States- conferred vi'ith (Hon. James Schoolcraft Sherman) by Penna.
Commission , 5
address of (Hon. Thomas R. Marshall) on "Governors' Day,"... 136-7
and Mrs. Marshall, Guests of Penua. , 173
Virginia, Representative to Penna. Commission appointed from, 5
Representative of, to Penna. Commission, 5,9,29
visited by Field Secy . of Penna . Commission , 10-11
Representative of, to Penna. Commission, Member U. C. V.
Gettysburg Committee , 29
U. S. Representative from. Member of Congressional Gettys- burg Committee , 6
U. S. Senator from. Member of Congressional Gettysburg Com- mittee, 6
Daughters of the Confederacy of, provide confederate uniforms for her Veterans , 39
ITS Index.
w
Page.
Wadhams, Maj. S. H., Med. Corps, U. S. A., 52,233
Portrait, 62
Walker, Gen. C. Irvine, of South Carolina, Lieut. Gen. Com- manding United Confederate Veterans , 29
Portrait, 16
joins Past Commander-in-Chief Torrance, Chairman, G. A. R. Gettysburg Committee in conference with Penna. Commission
regarding Celebration, 8
issues General Order No. 9, U. C. V., 9-10
accompanies Field Secretary of Penna . Commission , 11
appointed Chairman, U. C. V. Gettysburg Committee, 16
attends General Conferences of Penna. Commission, 13-14,17-18,32-5
recommends formation of Blue and Gray organization, 219
in letter to Penna. Commission, commend Great Reunion, thanks
Penna . and the Penna . Commission, 221-5
is commended in Report of G. A. R. Gettysburg Committee, 229
is thanked by Penna. Commission, 11,232
Wallace, Mr. R. C, Representative from Montana to Penna.
Commission , vice Mr . Blake (resigned) , 28
Portrait, 6
thanked by Penna. Commission, 232
Ward, Lieut, Byron C, Representative from Iowa to Penna. Com- mission , 5,28
Portrait, 6
thanked by Penna . Commis.sion , 232
War Department. (See Secy, of War also)^
officers of, attend General Conferences of Penna. Commis- sion, 13-14,17-18,32-35
officials and officers of, commended and thanked by Penna. Com- mission , 52 , 232-3
Wagner, Gen. Louis, of Penna., Chairman and Treasurer of Penna.
Commission , 4
Portrait, 4
issues invitation of Commission to National Government and Sister Commonwealths, States and Territories to join in Cele- bration 4-5
confers with Congressional Gettysburg Committee and War Dept.
Officials, 5,6, 11, 12
confers with Chairman Torrance of G. A. R. Gettysburg Com- mittee and Gen. Walker, Commander-in-Chief of the U. C. V.,
regarding Celebi-ation , 8-9
issues calls for and presides at General Conferences of Penna.
Commission, 6, 1.3-14,17-18
resigns membership in Commission, 18
commended in Report of G. A. R. Gettysburg Committee for his
services, 226-31
thanked by Penna . Commission , 234
Index. 279
Page. Washington, State of, Representative to Penna. Commission ap- pointed from , ! 5
Representative of, to Penna . Commission , 29
Mr. H. C. Henry, of Seattle, completes fund for transportation
of her Veterans, 39
Washington, D. C—
Boy Scouts of, with American Red Cross Society at Gettys- burg , 51 , 153 , 210
Doctors of Medical Society of, with Red Cross at Gettysburg, . .66,68-70
The "National Tribune," (G. A. R.) of, editorial from, 212-14
West. Gen. Andrew J., Representative from Georgia to Penna.
Commission, vice Gen. Evans, deceased, 29
Portrait, 6
presides at meeting of Ex-Confederates at Gettysburg, July 2, 217
thanked by Penna . Commission , 232
West Virginia, Representative to Penna. Commission appointed
from , 5
Representative of , to Penna . Commission , 9 , 29
Whedon, Col. Americus, of Washington, D. C, Junior Vice Com- mander-in-Chief, G. A. R., Guest of Pennsylvania, 226
Portrait, 102
Wheeling, West Virginia —
The "Register," of, editorial from, 201-2
White, Mrs. Alexander B., of Tennessee, President-General, United Daughters of the Confederacy —
Commended in G. A. R. Gettysburg Committee's Report, 229
Wilhelm, Capt. C. Marshall, of Penna., Commanding Troop "C,"
Penna . State Police, 51, 172
Portrait, 56
Williams, Gen. A. D., of Florida, Member, U. C. V. Gettysburg
Committee 16 , 29 , 232
Portrait, '. 16
Willson, Gen. Lester S., of Montana, Member, G. A. R., Get- tysburg Committee, 17 ,29,232
Portrait, 16
Wilson, Mr. Alex. M., of Philadelphia, Pa., Deputy Boy Scout
Commissioner of Philadelphia, 49,51,153
Portrait, 58
Wilson, Woodrow, The President of the United States and Guest of
Honor, July 4th, 173
Portrait, 174
advices from, regarding attendance and address at Great Re- union , 173
arrival, reception and departure of, 173,4,6
address of, 174-6
Winkler, Gen. Fred C, Representative from Wisconsin to Penna.
Commission , 5 , 29
Portrait, 6
thanked by Penna . Commission , 232
280 Index.
Page. Wiscombe, W. H., Esq., Representative from State of Washing- ton to Penna. Commission, 5,29
thanlied by Penna . Commission , 232
Wisconsin, Representative to Penna. Commission appointed from,.. 5
Representative of, to Penna. Commission, 5,29
The, "Sentinel," of Milwaukee, editorial from, 189-90
Wood, Maj. Gen. Leonard, Chief of the Gen. Staff, U. S. A.—
Portrait, 42
Commendatory letter from , 231
thanked by Penna. Commission for services, 233
Woodside, Andrew J., Esq., Representative from Colorado to
Penna. Commission, 5-28
Portrait, 6
thanked by Penna . Commission , 232
Woodward, Capt. Gilbert M., of Wisconsin, Member, G. A. R.,
Gettysburg Committee, 17,29,232
Portrait, 16
AVoody, Col. W. B., of Texas, Staff, Commander-in-Chief, U.
C. v., 232
Portrait, 103
Works, Hon. John D., U. S. Senator from California, Guest of
Penna . , 173
Wotherspoon, Maj. Gen. Wm. W., General Staff Corps, U. S. A.—
Portrait, 42
thanked by Penna . Commission , 233
AVright, Hon. Luke E., of Tenn., appointed Representative from
Tennessee to Penna. Commission (resigned), 5,9,29
Wyoming, Representative to Penna. Commission appointed from,.. 5
Representative of, to Penna. Commission, 5,29
Y.
Voung, Bennett H., of Kentucky, Lieut. Gen. Commanding United Confederate Veterans —
Portrait, 103
address of, on "Veterans' Day," 105-113
thanked by Penna . Commission , 232
yv\AP
5HDW1NG
CAmp for'I/etehAns
AX T;HE
50^" ANNIVERSARY
Battle of Gettysburg . and vkhnity
100 O 100 200 3OO4005OOF
Veterans tents,' ex cejot where noted o Attendants, Cooks & t tents
Jojoundjbp /2S00
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Showing Where Vetenin Guests of Each State Were Located in Croat Camp
Shwing Where Veteran GuebU of Each State Were Located in Great
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