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OREGON FOREST
| ae LAWS — x

a REVISED 1916. ae oe

i: ” STATE BOARD OF FORESTRY
aoa ‘FP. A. ELLIOTT. State Forester
: oa 0. } SIECKE 3 “Deputy State Forester |

STATE OF OREGON
FIRE WARDEN’S HANDBOOK

OREGON FOREST
FIRE LAWS

REVISED 1916

-" ©orm, STATE BOARD OF FORESTRY

F. A. ELLIOTT, ; State Forester
E.O. SIECKE, Deputy State Forester

SALEM, OREGON :
STATE PRINTING DEPARTMENT
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OREGON STATE BOARD OF FORESTRY

GOVERNOR JAMES WITHYCOMBE,

Chairman ' 24. 33 fb ot ee eee Salem
GHORGE. We) PHAVY...... 32 ee Corvallis
Forestry Department, Oregon Agricultural College
A BU OIN 6 i es a ene Forest Grove
Oregon State Grange
GHORGE: BoC HCE yee ae ee eee Portland

f U. S. Forest Service
‘Fide = Pee i i Bd eee hozae RSE ss Ue! wee SMe a ee: Cottage Grove
Oregon and Washington Lumber Manufacturers’
Association
DAN <P). SMYPDHEL A sce’ he oe ee Pendleton
Oregon Woolgrowers’ Association
GEG. B+ MebBO Di Sees ee Portland

Oregon Forest Fire Association

OFFICE OF STATE FORESTER

At MEO aS ie ev State Forester
EOP STNG Rene ke eee Deputy State Forester

aba, 9 0 ohare VE
NOV. 19 1Si7

pe

A Handbook for Fire Wardens

The purpose of this handbook is to indi-
cate briefly the forest policy of the State and
to supply the information needed by the State
Fire Wardens in the discharge of their
duties. Instructions to cover every emergency
that the warden will have to meet cannot,
of course, be given, but the application of
the policy here outlined to local conditions,
should lead to a more hearty cooperation
between the wardens and the public, and
result in a more uniform enforcement of the
forest law and a greater efficiency in fire
protection work. The handbook contains the
full text of the forest laws, arranged in a
form convenient for reference use, together
with opinions of the Attorney General in
digest form, relative to several important
sections.

F. A. ELLIOTT,

State Forester.

’

'

Reasons Why the State Appropriates Money
for Forest Fire Protection

Oregon has more standing timber than
any other state in the Union—approximately
450,000,000,000 feet.

When manufactured into lumber Oregon’s
timber will bring in at least $6,000,000,000
of outside money, 80 per cent of which will
be spent for labor and supplies.

Oregon is receiving $60,000,000 annually
for lumber and other timber products. The
industry is developing rapidly.

Oregon timber and the lumber industry
pay approximately one-third of the taxes of
the State.

When timber is destroyed by fire, the
State loses directly the taxes which the prop-
erty would yield until cut, and indirectly at
least 80 per cent of its manufactured value.
For every 1,000 feet of timber burned the
owner loses the value of the stumpage, about
$2.00, and the State the amount expended
for labor and supplies in manufacturing it
into lumber, about $8.00.

The last census shows 34,722 people
engaged in manufacturing industries in
Oregon, of whom 16,833, or 50 per cent, are
employed by the lumber industry.

Out of a population of 672,765 people in
Oregon, 84,000, or one-eighth of the total
population, is directly dependent upon the
lumber industry. No other manufacturing

industry in the State employs one-tenth as
many men as this one.

Over $70,000 of outside money is each day
brought into Oregon by the lumber industry.

The last census shows that out of 55
manufacturing establishments in Oregon
employing over 100 wage earners, 33 were
engaged in the lumber industry.

80 per cent of our outgoing freight is
lumber.

Already the revenue derived from Ore-
gon’s timber exceeds that from wheat, fruit,
vegetables and fish combined, and cutting
has hardly begun.

-Oregon’s timber area is approximately
25,000,000 acres, of which about one-half is
publicly and one-half privately owned.

The 1910 census shows the value of all
farm property in Oregon, including land,
buildings, implements, machinery, livestock,
poultry and bees, to be $528,244,000. The
stumpage value of our timber is conserva-
tively placed at $680,000,000, and when

'. manufactured $6,800,000,000.

Since 1910 our losses from forest fires
have been less than for any one previous
_ season, and during that time, one season
(1914) was the dryest since weather records
have peor ae

General Instructions to Fire Wardens

THE FIRE WARDEN SERVICE

Under the provisions of the Forest Law it
becomes the duty of the State Forester to
appoint and instruct fire wardens, take such
action as is authorized by law to prevent and
extinguish forest, brush, and grass fires;
enforce all laws pertaining to forest and
brush land, and prosecute for any violation of
said laws. It is obvious that work along the
lines of fire patrol and fire fighting must be
done through the State Fire Wardens. To
obtain the best results the field force must
be organized along definite lines, and each
member should have a clear conception of his
duties and his relation to other members of
the organization. The field force directly
under the orders of the State Forester con-
sists of District Wardens, Federal Patrol-
men, and Special Wardens appointed to
assist in enforcing the law. These officials
have all the powers of regularly appointed
State Fire Wardens. In addition State Fire
Warden appointments are issued to the fol-
lowing: (1) Patrolmen employed by fire
patrol associations and individual timber
owners; (2) rangers of the National Forests
upon recommendation of the U. S. Forest
Supervisors; (3) county officials whose
services as Fire Wardens are especially
desirable; (4) reputable citizens of the State
acting as Voluntary Wardens in localities not
covered by other wardens. These four classes

7

of appointments do not carry remuneration
from the State, or authority to incur expenses
to be paid by the State, and unless otherwise
specified terminate at the end of the closed
season during the year in which the appoint-
ment is made. In conformity with the pro-
visions of the law outlined above, State Fire
Wardens should take steps for the prevention
and extinguishment of fire in their localities,
and assist in apprehending and convicting
offenders against the law, control the use of
fire during the closed season, and make such
reports as may be requested by the State
Forester. All State Wardens have the powers
of peace officers to make arrests for viola-
tion of the forest fire law.

It will help much-in carrying out the spirit
of the law, if wardens will explain to campers
how they should build fires and extinguish
them when they leave their camp ground.
Wardens in the employ of timberland own-
ers, associations, or of the State, will find it
well worth while to spend a day now and
then in clearing up and fixing good camp
grounds for the benefit of campers, and
putting up signboards giving distances to
other camp grounds.

Each State Warden will be supplied with
copies of the Forest Laws. These should be
generally distributed to settlers, hunters,
campers and others who travel through the
forests during the summer. Additional
copies of: the laws will be furnished by the
State Forester upon request.

8

BURNING PERMITS

During the period between June 1 and
October 1 it is unlawful for any person or
persons to burn slashings, chopping, wood or
brush land without obtaining a permit from
a State Fire Warden. The chief object of
this restriction is to prevent the careless use
of fire during the dry season. Persons
engaged in clearing land and putting it under
cultivation find the use of fire absolutely
necessary, and the warden’s decisions as to
the advisability of issuing a permit should in
every case be based on a thorough investiga-
tion of the area to be burned over. In gen-
eral, a permit should be issued unless it is
clear that the burning contemplated is
unsafe.

However, the law is intended to safeguard
the settler as well as the timber owner; con-
sequently, during extremely dry seasons,
when the fire hazard is unusually great, few,
if any, permits should be issued. It is far
better to inconvenience temporarily one
settler who desires a permit than to run
the risk of destroying thousands of dollars
worth of property. To summarize: It is the
warden’s duty to accommodate applicants by
issuing permits where there is no danger of
the fire spreading, but to decline, and give
reasons, when the burning would be unsafe.

Instructions for filling out permits are
given in the permit book with which each
warden will be supplied. The exact number

9

of acres to be burned should be stated in
each permit issued, since this information is
necessary in compiling figures showing the
total acreage burned under permit in the
State.

It is very important that burning permits
be limited to the shortest practicable period.
In most cases the permittee will not require
more than from one to three days. As far
as possible, permits should be issued one day
before, or on the day the burning is started,
and under no consideration is it advisable to
issue a permit extending over a long period
for burning that can be accomplished in a
day or two. No permits for a period of ten
days or more should be issued without first
consulting the State Forester.

Section 7 of the Forest Fire Laws pro-
vides that under certain conditions burning
may be done during the closed season with-
out permit. The following regulations
adopted by the State Board of Forestry
define burning of this character, and specify
what is meant by the term “adequate pre-
cautions and personal control”’:

t. Burning of log piles, stumps, or brush heaps
without permit as provided for under Section 7 of
the Oregon Forest Fire Laws, is permissible only
where the material to be burned is a safe distance
from other inflammable material and where the
ground surrounding the log piles, stumps, or brush
heaps is cleared of any substance which will allow
‘of fire spreading to adjacent wooded, brush, or
slash-coveréd land, either the property of the par-
ties engagéd in burning, or that of another.

10

2. ‘“‘Adequate precautions and personal con-
trol’ is interpreted as meaning that all fires set
without permit must be continually watched, both
night and day, by a sufficient number of men
on the ground for that purpose, and should fire
escape, steps must be taken at once to extinguish it.

3. Burning done in violation of these regula-
tions will submit the party or parties concerned
to prosecution under the fire laws.

FIRE WARNING NOTICES

Each warden should see to it that his
district or locality is thoroughly posted with
cloth warning notices. This is one of the
most effective ways of acquainting campers,
hunters and others who frequent the woods,
with the important provisions of the Forest
Law, and impressing them with the need of
exercising due caution with fire. One kind
of cloth warning notice and a cardboard
“Notice to Engineers and Firemen,” have
been prepared by the State Forester, and a
supply of these forms will be furnished to
all State Wardens.

Old notices that are partially detached or
have been damaged, should be removed and
new ones put in their places. An old dilapi-
dated notice creates a bad impression, and is
worse than none at all. Wilful destruction
of posted notices is punishable by fine or
imprisonment, and if any warden ascertains
that persons are making a practice of de-
stroying notices in his district, the matter
should immediately be reported to the State
Forester or to the District Warden in his
district.

11

REPORTS ON FIRES

It is absolutely necessary that the State
Board of Forestry have a report of all fires
occurring within the State. For purposes of
record, reports of small fires are fully as
important as information concerning large
ones. It should be borne in mind that the
efficiency of systematic fire patrol work can-
not be shown conclusively unless accurate
information on this subject is available, and
that in this connection reports on incipient
fires extinguished by wardens or others
before damage is done to timber ov other
property, are especially valuable. Reports
should be made as complete as possible, and
prepared on the report blanks provided for
this purpose. If no fires come under the
warden’s observation or occur in his district,
a report blank should be sent in at the
close of each month, duly signed and dated,
with a note, ‘“‘No fires this month,” written
across the face of the form. Stamped and
addressed. envelopes are furnished for this
purpose.

Many of the fires reported as being of
unknown origin are undoubtedly caused by
carelessness. It is the warden’s duty, under
the law, to use every reasonable means at his
-command to ascertain the cause of every fire

in his district. In addition, the warden
should inform the State Forester of the party
repsonsible for the fire, no matter who that
‘party may be. This information is necessary
In order that every precaution may be taken

12

to prevent the recurrence of fires from the
same source in the future.

During the years 1911-15, a total of 3,583
fires were reported on privately owned land
outside of the National Forests, and about
86 per cent were caused through carelessness
or wilfulness. Beyond question, a majority
of these fires were the result of violations
of the law by campers, hunters. railroad
companies, loggers and ranchers.

It should, therefore, be the aim of every
State Fire Warden to reduce the number of
avoidable fires in his territory. The Forest
Fire Law was enacted chiefly to assist in
reducing the number of fires of this kind.
In order to obtain the results desired the
warden should see to it that all persons using
fire in the open during the period June 1 to
October 1 comply with the law.

Wilful violation of the law should not be
tolerated, but the warden will be justified
in exercising leniency in rare cases where
some minor technical violation is involved.
Wholesome respect for the law can be created
only by punishing the violators. A law per-
sistently disregarded is far worse than none.

Persons taken in the act of violating the
fire laws can be arrested by State Fire War-
dens without warrant. In case the convic-
tion of the offender depends on the testimony
of several persons, wardens will find it
advisable to take the written testimony of
the important witnesses and confer with the
District Warden of their county, or with the

15

District Attorney before swearing out a
warrant. If the offender is likely to escape
by reason of such delay, the arrest should
be made on the warden’s judgment after a
careful consideration of the law and the
evidence in the case.

A FEW THINGS TO BE REMEMBERED

State officials charged with the execution
of the Forest Fire Law have to deal with
sawmill men, who must cut timber to make
lumber ; with farmers, who have to clear land
to make it pay taxes; with miners and pros-
pectors, who are striving to produce some-
thing where no revenue is now in sight; with
cattle and sheep men, who are honestly try-
ing to make their living from lands that are
otherwise unproductive. The intent of the
law is to assist all these. They should be
given a fair deal. One enemy made by
thoughtlessness or lack of tact in dealing
with the public, may do damage that can
never be repaired.

14

Instructions to District Wardens

District Wardens have charge of enforcing
the provisions of the Forest Fire Laws in
their respective districts. Roads and trails,
or any other means of reaching remote sec-
tions, should be investigated. Arrangements
should be made with county courts for clear-
ing up brush and debris along trails and
roads, and with private parties for burning
all slashings and windfalls at times when
such work can be done safely.

The slash menace constitutes one of the
most important problems in connection with
the protection of standing timber and
logging equipment, and the District Warden
must give his earnest attention to this work.
He should make a complete list of the slash-
ings in his county on Form C, which can be
done without loss of time while traveling
over his county on other lines of work. It
should be borne in mind that climatic condi-
tions and other factors often make it impos-
sible to dispose of slash in strict compliance
with the provisions of Section 11 of the law.
Each slashing should be considered as an
individual problem, and the law should be
used as an effective persuader where a
valid objection against burning cannot be
advanced.

The District Warden will be in charge of
the Federal patrolmen appointed to serve in
his county or district. These patrolmen are
instructed to submit daily reports of their

15

work on Form B, at the end of each week.
Their reports should be examined carefully
to see to it that the patrlomen are covering
their districts properly. The District War-
dens will be held responsible for keeping the
Federal patrolmen, as well as association
patrolmen, engaged on improvement work
during damp periods, when patrol is not
necessary. This is very important, and
definite plans covering trail work, etc.,
should be discussed with each patrolman at
the time he goes on duty. All patrolmen
should be impressed with the fact that a
day’s work is expected of them for every day
they are on the payroll. The District War-
dens should familiarize themselves with the
daily routes of the patrolmen, so as to be
able to communicate with them with the
least possible delay in case of emergency.
If possible, some telephone should be desig-
nated where the patrolman may be called at
a definite time during the day, in case it is
desired to give him instructions or obtain
information. It would be well to make
similar arrangements with as many as possi-

~ ble of the patrolmen employed by private

timberland owners in non-association dis-
tricts. The importance of planning for
- means of_rapid communication must not be
overlooked. It is,absolutély essential in any
effective fire patrol or fire fighting work.

The District Warden is requested to
recommend suitable men to act as Voluntary
Wardens in localities where there are no

16

regularly employed wardens. Such men will
* be given appointment, so that settlers having
slashings to burn may be accommodated with
the least possible inconvenience. The tele-
phone numbers of wardens of this class who
have instruments in their homes, should also
be recorded. The State Forester will supply
the names and addresses of persons appointed
State Fire Wardens in each district, when
such appointments are made. The District
Warden should get acquainted with all
the wardens in his district at the earliset
opportunity.

Logging camps, sawmills, and railroads
where steam engines burning fuel other than
oil are being operated, should be inspected
to see that proper spark arresters are kept in
use and that rights-of-way are kept free from
inflammable debris. A number of cardboard
“Notices to Engineers and Firemen” should
be posted in all logging camps, and in saw-
mills located adjacent to standing timber.

The District Warden will fill out a daily
report on Form B, and forward it to the
State Forester at the end of each week. He
will also be furnished with an outline to be
followed in making his seasonal report at the
close of the fire season. The topics men-
tioned in the outline should be carefully
noted, and as he travels over his district
during the fire season, each District Warden
is expected to record in a note book kept for
this purpose, all information bearing on the
points mentioned in the outline.

a7,

Careful note should be made of the policy
of the State in regard to fighting fires, as
outlined on page 23, and it should be seen to
that the Federal patrolmen have thorough
instructions along this line. In case public
safety demands that the State take action
in suppressing a fire in districts not patrolled
by associations, such tools, equipment and
camp supplies as are necessary properly to
conduct the work; may be purchased. The
District Warden will be held accountable for
all such equipment, except, of course, food
supplies, until it is turned over to the State
Board of Forestry, or to another warden.
Ordinarily it will not be advisable to pay fire
fighters more than the customary wage for
labor prevailing in the locality of the fire.
However, this policy cannot always. be
adhered to, and the District Warden must
use his own judgment in determining when
circumstances warrant offering wages that
are above the average.

In addition to the duties outlined above,
District Wardens in counties in which a Fire

-. Patrol Association exists, have supervision

of the field work of the association. Under
the cooperative agreement existing between
_ the State and the associations, the District
Wardens have charge of selecting and direct-
ing the work of ‘the association patrolmen,
supervising improvement work, and_ sub-
‘mitting plans relative to trails, telephone
lines, etc., that should be constructed -
increase the efficiency of the patrol.

18

Federal Patrolmen

Under a cooperative agreement between
the U. S. Department of Agriculture and the
State Board of Forestry, the Federal Govern-
ment has allotted funds for the services of
one or more patrolmen in each heavily tim-
bered county in the State. These men will
be appointed by the State Forester. The
districts to be covered by them will be
determined by the State Forester assisted
by the National Forest Supervisors and the
District Wardens. The work of the Federal
patrolmen will be under the immediate
direction of the District Warden in charge of
the county or district in which they serve.
They will prepare daily reports in duplicate
on Form B. One copy should be sent to the
State Forester, and one to the District
Warden at the end of each week. These
reports should show just what the patrolman
did each day. If patrol work was done, the
“beat”? followed should be described by refer-
ing to streams or ridges, and if necessary to
legal subdivisions.

Federal patrolmen will be assigned a
definite territory over which they will be
required to keep a constant patrol, looking
out for fires and extinguishing them as far
as possible without additional assistance.
Their District Warden will instruct them
relative to hiring extra help in taking care
of fires that cannot be handled without
assistance. Federal patrolmen will be sup-
plied with penalty envelopes, which should

19

be used in all official correspondence with
the State Forester, District Wardens or the
public. They must under no consideration be
used for correspondence on purely personal
matters.

Wardens in the Employ of Timber Owners and
Fire Patrol Association

Association patrolmen are selected by the
District Wardens in charge of the field work
for the various fire patrol associations, and
work under their immediate supervision. At
the time they are appointed they should
receive from their District Warden detailed
instructions relative to patrol and improve-
ment work, and as to what action to take in
case of serious fire occurring in their district.

Wardens in the employ of timber owners
who are maintaining a patrol in districts not
covered by a fire patrol association, are, of
course, under the supervision of their
employers; however, their acceptance of
appointment as State Fire Wardens carries
with it certain obligations to the State.
They should cooperate with the District
Warden in every way possible, and his sug-
gestions should be followed in all instances
. where they do not confliet directly with their
employers’ instructions. However, they
should: feel free to make suggestions to the
District Warden whenever mutual benefit
will result. All paid Fire Wardens of this
class must have definite instructions from

20

their employers in regard to securing assist-
ance in fighting fire in their districts, so
that no time will be lost in promptly handling
any fire that may occur. They have no
authority to incur debt for the State. The
wardens should note carefully the policy of
the State in fighting fires, as outlined on
page 23.

Voluntary Wardens

The chief duties of the Voluntary War-
dens will be to issue burning permits in their
immediate locality, post fire warning notices
in conspicuous places, distribute copies of
the law, and submit reports on forest’ fires
that come under their observation. They
must notify the nearest paid warden, or the
District Warden of their county, in case a
fire occurs that cannot be readily controlled
by the persons whose property is endangered.
No expenses will be paid by the State, unless
authorized by the District Warden. In this
connection attention is directed to the policy
of the State in fighting forest fires outlined
on page 23. Permits to burn should be issued
in accordance with the instructions given in
this book and the regulations on the inside
cover pages of the Burning Permit Book.

Under Chapter 90, General Laws of
Oregon, 1913, all county judges within the
State of Oregon are made ea officio fire
wardens, with authority to issue or revoke
permits for burning slashings, etc., between

21

June 1 and October 1; provided, that every
person to whom such permit is issued shall
give at least 24 hours’ notice to each resident
owner of adjoining lands of the time when
he intends to set fire in accordance with
his permit. County judges who use their
authority under this law are earnestly
requested to cooperate with our District
Wardens and not issue permits in territory
covered by wardens working under our
general forestry laws.

Fire Fighting
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS

No definite instructions can be given in
regard to fire fighting, but each warden is
expected to have had experience along this
line, and must rely on his best judgment. It
is a well known fact that the best time to
fight a fire is at. night or very early in the
morning, when the air is damp and the fire is
at its weakest stage. A few men judiciously
handled at this time. can accomplish more
than a greater number of men during the
middle of the day. In fact, it is often a waste
of energy and expense to do any work on a
fire when it is dry and windy.

Back fires should not‘be set excépt where
absolutely necessary, since they very often
_ become unmanageable and do more damage
than the original fire. However, should back
firing be considered advisable, a road or wide
‘trail should be taken as the base of opera-

22

tions. The fire should be started against the
wind, and a sufficient force of men should be
on hand to control it. Ordinarily, the best
time to back fire is in the evening. Wardens
should have personal charge of all] fire fight-
ing, and in ease it is necessary for them to
be absent for a time from any fire, a
competent man must be placed in charge.
Extreme care should be taken to patrol a fire
properly after it is under control. Failure
to do so often causes more trouble and
expense than the original fire.

Wardens who have authority from their
employers to get assistance, should make
arrangements with settlers, or, if there are
logging camps in the district, with foremen
of these, for obtaining help at once in case
of fire, so that no time may be lost in getting
started to fight it. Similar arrangements
should also be made for provisions and
transportation in case of emergency.

Policy of the State Relative to Fire Fighting

County Fire Patrol Associations and
private patrols are responsible for handling
all fires occurring in the territory embraced
in their patrols.

In counties and districts where the patrol
work is handled directly by the State, the
District Warden should see that all fires on
timberlands coming under the provisions of
the compulsory patrol law (see page 45) are
promptly handled. Timberlands whose own-

23

ers live on or within one and one-half miles
of the same are not subject to the law, since
such residence is considered as constituting
sufficient protection. The owners, however,
are responsible for putting out all fire
occurring on their land and it is the duty
of the District Warden and patrolmen to see
that they do so.

Fires in agricultural localities should be
handled by the persons upon whose land they
occur or by the persons who started them
(see Sec. 8, page 36). No patrol assessments
are received from these localities, and no
money except from the general legislative
appropriation is available for handling such
fires. It is not the intention of the Forest
Fire Laws that money from the legislative
appropriation be used in fighting fires except
in extreme emergencies, and no expenditures
should be incurred in agricultural localities
without special authority from the State
Forester.

ADMINISTRATION OF FIRE PATROL LAW

The law is officially designated as Chap-
- ter 247 of the Laws of Oregon for 1913, and
is given in full on pages 45 and 46 of the
‘handbook.. Under its provisions every owner
of timberland not residing within one and
one-half miles of the same must provide an
adequate patrol therefor, and in case he fails
to do so the State Forester must provide
patrol and collect the cost thereof from the
owner by placing a fire patrol assessment

24

against the land on the tax rolls. Actual
residence on timberland by a bona fide tenant
is considered as constituting adequate patrol,
and exempts the owner from payment of
patrol assessments. The owners or tenants
are, however, responsible for putting out all
fires occurring thereon.

Owners of timberland not exempted
because of residence or occupation by
tenants, comply with the law by joining a
fire patrol association whose patrol work is
recognized as adequate by the Board of
Forestry, or by providing adequate private
patrol. Any timber owner providing private
patrol must have his patrolman sign an
affidavit that he has been authorized by his
employer to incur all expenditures necessary
to promptly suppress any and all fires
occurring on the timberlands in question.
Upon receipt of the affidavit the patrolman
will be sent an appointment as fire warden,
together with a daily report book. He will
be expected to submit daily reports to the
District Warden in the same manner as
association and Weeks Law patrolmen. The
District Warden will carefully note these
reports and will immediately notify the State
Forester in case the reports or a personal
investigation indicate that the patrol is not
adequate. The District Warden will be noti-
fied of all private patrols in the territory
under his supervision, and should see to it
that all the paid patrolmen serving under
him are informed as to what tracts in their

25

districts are privately patrolled and the
names of the men who are doing the
patrolling.

The State Forester provides patrol for all
timberlands not listed with patrol associa-
tions or furnished with private patrol. In
association counties such lands are turned
over to the associations for patrol, while in
counties or districts where no association
exists, the lands are patrolled under the
direct supervision of the State Forester.

Supplies

At the time of appointment each Fire
Warden will be supplied from this office
with a permit book, warning notices, report
blanks, and other forms necessary in the
discharge of his duties. He will also be
furnished with a numbered badge of
authority, which must be returned at the
close of the fire season. Ordinarily, the
supplies will be sent directly to the warden,
although in some cases it will be advisable
to forward them to the warden’s employer,

~ who will see that they are properly distribu-

ted... Additional supplies may be obtained
upon request from the State Forester, Salem,
‘ Oregon. -

‘

26

Oregon Forest Fire Law

CHAPTER 278 OF THE LAWS OF OREGON
FOR 1911

Enacted by the Twenty-sixth Legislative Assembly

AN ACT

For the protection of the forests of the State of Oregon;
to prevent and suppress forest fires, to create a State
Board of Forestry to serve without compensation, and
a State Forester and deputy, and for the appointment
of fire wardens, and to prescribe their rights, powers
and duties, and to provide for the payment of their
compensation and expenses and the expenses of said
Board; providing penalties for the violation of the
provisions of this Act, making an appropriation there-
for; repealing Sections 5508, 5509, 5510, 5511, 5512,
5diS,. ould. bbl bss 6506, “bol, 5518, 5519) 5520)" 55207
of Lord’s Oregon Laws (Chapter 131 of the Laws
of Oregon for the year 1907), and declaring an
emergency.

Be it enacted by the People of the State of Oregon:

Be it enacted by the Legislative Assembly of the
State of Oregon:

STATE BOARD OF FORESTRY

Section 1. There shall be a State Board
of Forestry, consisting of the Governor, the
acting head of the Forest School of the
Oregon Agricultural College, and five elec-
tors of the State of Oregon, to be appointed
by the Governor from and upon the authori-
tative recommendation of the Oregon State
Grange, the Oregon Forest Fire Association,
the Oregon and Washington Lumber Manu-
facturers’ Association, and the United States
Forest Service, and Oregon Woolgrowers’
Association, each to select and name one

27

of such electors. In the absence of such
recommendation the Governor shall never-
theless appoint said electors. Said Board of
Forestry shall supervise all matters of forest
policy and management under the jurisdic-
tion of the State, and approve claims for
expenses incurred under the provisions of
this act. The members of said Board shall
receive no compensation for their services
thereon, but shall be entitled to actual travel-
ing expenses which may be incurred in
attending Board meetings.

Said Board shall meet at any convenient
place in the State upon the call of the
Governor or its secretary. A majority of
said Board shall constitute a quorum.
APPOINTMENT AND DUTIES OF

STATE FORESTER

Section 2. The State Board of Forestry
shall appoint a State Forester, who shall be
a practical forester familiar with western
conditions and experienced in organization
for the prevention of forest fires. He shall
hold office at the pleasure of said Board,
-_which shall also have power to fix his com-
pensation at not to exceed three thousand
dollars ($3,000.00) per annum. He shall be
authorized and empowered to appoint a
‘deputy whose salary shal] be fixed by the
State Board of Forestry at not to exceed
eighteen hundred dollars ($1,800.00) per
annum. He shall be allowed necessary office
and contingent expenses, including clerical
help, and he and his deputy shall be paid ~

28

actual traveling and field expenses which
may be incurred in the performance of their
official duties. He shall, under the supervi-
sion of the State Board of Forestry, execute
all matters pertaining to forestry within the
jurisdiction of the State; appoint and instruct
fire wardens as provided for in this act;
direct the improvement and protection of
State forest lands; collect data relative to
forest conditions; take such action as is
authorized by law to prevent and extinguish
forest, brush, and grass fires; enforce all
laws pertaining to forest and brush-covered
lands, and prosecute for any violation of said
laws; cooperate with land owners, counties
or others in forest protection; advise and
encourage reforestation; and publish such
information on forestry as he may deem wise.
He shall act as secretary of the State Board
of Forestry, and prepare annually a report
to the Governor on the progress and condition
of State forest work, containing recommen-
dations for improving methods of forest
protection, management and _ reproduction
within the State of Oregon. During the
State Forester’s absence or disability, all his
authority shall be exercised by his deputy.

APPOINTMENT OF FIRE WARDENS AND

SPECIAL WARDENS—ASSISTANCE TO

BE GIVEN IN PROTECTING LIFE AND
PROPERTY

Section 3. Under such general policy as

to qualifications, numbers and localities as

the State Forester shall deem wise, he shall

29

appoint suitable and proper citizens fire
wardens, who shall have all the powers given
to fire wardens under this act, but shall
serve voluntarily or under compensation by
property’ owners or counties. State and
county officials whose duties make their
ex officio services as fire wardens especially
desirable as a convenience to the public, shall
accept appointments as such when formally
requested by the State Board of Forestry.
Upon the recommendation of Federal Forest
Supervisors, the State Forester shall appoint
resident officers of the national forest ex
officio fire wardens. In times or localities
of particular fire danger, or to enforce the
fire laws or apprehend and prosecute viola-
tors thereof, the State Forester shall have
power to appoint and employ, either indepen-
dently or jointly with other agencies, such
additional fire wardens, and furnish these
such assistance and facilities for protecting
life or property from fire, as he shall deem
public safety demands, and unless contrib-
uted by other sources, the cost thereof shall
be paid from the funds appropriated by this

_-.aet, but each county in which such service

_is given shall be responsible for one-third of
the expenses thus actually incurred and paid |
by the State for services within said county,
and upon demand by the State Treasurer
shall pay the amount thus due into the State
treasury,-to be credited to the fund appro-
priated by this act.

50

STATE FORESTER MAY DESIGNATE FIRE
DISTRICTS AND APPOINT DISTRICT

FIRE WARDENS
Section 4. The State Forester shall, with
the advice of property owners or agents or
counties desiring to cooperate in forest
protection, designate suitable areas to be
official fire districts. He may appoint for
each district one or more District Fire War-
dens, to be paid as other fire wardens under
this act, and to serve until their appointments
are revoked by their employers’ request or
by the State Forester for good cause shown.
Upon written notice to the State Forester by
the person or authority upon whose recom-
mendation any other fire warden is appoint-
ed, said fire warden shall be subject to the
direction of the proper District Fire Warden.

LAND COVERED WITH INFLAMMABLE MATE-
RIAL ADJACENT TO FOREST LAND DE-
CLARED A PUBLIC NUISANCE—STATE
FORESTER TO ADVISE WITH OWNERS

Section 5. Any and all inadequately pro-
tected forest or cut-over land, adjoining,
lying near, or intermingling with other forest
land and covered wholly or in part by inflam-
mable debris or otherwise likely to further
the spread of fire, which by reason of such
location or condition or lack of protection
endangers life or property, is hereby declared
to be a public nuisance, and whenever the

State Forester shall learn thereof he shall

notify the owners or persons in control or

possession of said land, requesting them to

51

take proper steps for its protection and
advising them of means and methods to
that end.

The burning of slashings resulting from the cutting of
cordwood and the clearing of land are covered by this
section and not by Section 11.

If, after proper notice from the State Forester, the
owners or persons in control or in possession of land,
covered wholly or in part by inflammable material and
thereby considered a public nuisance, neglect or refuse to
take any steps to protect life and property, the State
Forester has authority under Chapter 2 of Lord’s Oregon
Laws to cause the nuisance to be abated, by proceeding
through the courts in accordance with the mode of pro-
cedure outlined in said chapter. The State Forester is not
empowered arbitrarily to abate the nuisance and charge
the costs thereof to the parties responsible. (Opinion of
Attorney General.)

DUTIES OF STATE FIRE WARDENS

Section 6. All fire wardens appointed
under this act shall, under instruction from
the State Forester as to their exercise of
State authority, take proper steps for the
prevention and extinguishment of fires with-
in the localities in which they exercise their
functions, assist in apprehending and con-
victing offenders against the fire laws, con-
trol the use of fire for clearing land in the
closed season, as provided by Sections 7 and
8 of this act, and make such reports of their
work and conditions within their localities as
may be requested by the State Forester. They
shall have the power of peace officers to
make arrests for violation of forest laws.
They shall have. power ‘to enter upon the
lands of any person or owner in the discharge
_of their duties; provided, that in so entering
they shall exercise due care to avoid doing
damage. -Any fire warden who has informa-

32

tion which would show, with reasonable cer-
tainty that any person has violated any pro-
vision of the forest laws, shall immediately
take action against the offender, either by
using his own power as a peace officer or
by making complaint before the proper
magistrate, or by the filing of information
with the District Attorney, and shall obtain
all possible evidence. Failure on the part of
any fire warden receiving compensation to
comply with the duties prescribed by this act
shall be a misdemeanor and punishable by a
fine of not less than twenty dollars ($20.00),
nor more than two hundred and fifty dollars
($250.00), or by imprisonment in the county
jail for not less than ten (10) days nor more
than three (3) months, or both such fine and
imprisonment.

BURNING WITHOUT PERMIT PROHIBITED
JUNE 1 TO OCTOBER 1—BURNING OF
LOG PILES, STUMPS AND BRUSH HEAPS

IN SMALL QUANTITIES EXCEPTED.
Section 7. During the period between
June 1 and October 1, which is hereby desig-
nated the closed season, it shall be unlawful
for any person or persons to set on fire, or
cause to be set on fire, any slashing, chop-
ping, woodland or brush land, either his or
their own or the property of another, without
written or printed permission from a fire
warden and compliance with the terms there-
of which shall prescribe the conditions upon
which the permit is given and which are
necessary to be observed in setting such fire

33

and to prevent it from spreading so that
life or property of another may be endan-
gered thereby. This restriction shall not
apply to the burning of log piles, stumps or
brush heaps, in small quantities, under ade-
quate precautions and personal control, and
in accordance with any regulations which
may be adopted by the State Board of
Forestry for the purpose of insuring public
safety; but if any such burning without per-
mission shall result in the escape of fire and
injury to the property of another, this shall
be held prima facie evidence that such burn-
ing was not safe and was a violation of this
section. Violation of these provisions shall
be punished by a fine of not less than twenty-
five dollars ($25.00), nor more than five
hundred dollars ($500.00), or by imprison-
ment of not less than ten (10) days nor more
than three (3) months. Permits to burn, as
provided by this section, may be issued by
any fire warden, and shall contain such safe-
guarding restrictions as to time of burning
and precaution to be taken as may be fixed

- by the State Forester or left by him to the

discretion of fire wardens. Any fire warden
Shall have the right to refuse, revoke or
_ postpone permits when necessary to prevent
danger to the life or property of another.
Any permit obtained through wilful misrep-
resentation. shall be invalid and give no
‘exemption from liability of any kind. In
times and localities of unusual fire danger,
the Governor, with the advice of the State

34

Forester, may suspend any or all permits
or privileges authorized by this section and
prohibit absolutely the use of fire herein
mentioned. Whenever, or wherever, during
an open season for the hunting of any kind
of game in this State, it shall appear to the
Governor upon the showing of the State
Forester that by reason of extreme drought
the use of firearms or fire by hunters is liable
to cause forest fires, he may, by proclama-
tion, suspend the open season and make it a
closed season for the shooting of wild birds
and animals of any kind for such time as he
may designate, and during the time so desig-
nated all provisions of law relating to closed
seasons for game shall be in force.

REGULATIONS ADOPTED BY THE STATE BOARD
OF FORESTRY GOVERNING BURNING WITHOUT
PERMIT

1. Burning of log piles, stumps, or brush heaps with-
out permit as provided for under Section 7 of the Oregon
Forest Fire Law, is permissible only where the material
to be burned is a safe distance from other inflammable
material and where the ground surrounding the log piles,
stumps, or brush heaps is cleared of any substance which
will allow of fire spreading to adjacent wooded, brush, or
Sslash-covered land, either the property of the parties
engaged in burning or that of another.

2. “Adequate precautions and personal control’ is
interpreted as meaning that all fires set without permit
must be continually watched both night and day by a
sufficient number of men on the ground for that purpose,
and should fire escape, steps’ must be taken at once to
extinguish it.

3. Burning done in violation of these regulations will
submit the party or parties concerned to prosecution under
the fire laws. ,

SETTING FIRE TO WOODS, BRUSH, GRASS,
ETC., ON ANOTHER’S LAND, OR ALLOW-
ING FIRE TO ESCAPE TO LAND OWNED

BY ANOTHER
Section 8. Any person who sets on fire, or
causes to be set on fire, any woods, brush,
grass, grain, stubble, or other material being
or growing on any lands not his own, without
permission from the owner, or who wilfully
or negligently allows fire to escape from his
own land, or anyone who accidentally sets
any fire on his own land or another’s and
allows it to escape from his control without
extinguishing it, or using every effort to do
so, Shall be punished by a fine of not less
than fifty dollars ($50.00), nor more than
one thousand dollars ($1,000.00), or impris-
onment for not less than one (1) month nor
more than one (1) year; provided, that it
shall be lawful to build, in a careful manner,
camp fires on any uninclosed lands, the
owner of which has not forbidden such build-
ing of camp fires thereon by personal notice
or by posting such prohibition in conspicuous
places or otherwise, if, before departing from

- the place where such camp fire has been

built, the builder of such fire totally extin-
-guishes the same; and, provided farther, that
nothing in this section shall apply to the
setting of-a back fire, in good faith, to
prevent the progress of a fire then burning.

The, words, “or who wilfully or negligently allows fire
to escape from his own land,” imply that even though the
fire had not been started upon the owner’s land, it would

be his duty just as much to extinguish it as it would be if ;
it had started on his land. (Opinion of Attorney General. )

36

BUILDING CAMP FIRES

Section 9. Any person who builds a camp
fire upon lands within this State, not his own,
without clearing the ground immediately
around it free from material which will carry
fire, or who leaves thereon a camp fire burn-
ing and unattended, or who permits a camp
fire to spread thereon, or who uses in any
firearms discharged thereon other than
incombustible gunwadding, shall be punished
by a fine of not less than twenty-five dollars
($25.00), nor more than five hundred dollars
($500.00), and upon refusal or neglect to
pay the fine and costs imposed shall be
imprisoned for a period not to exceed one day
for every two dollars ($2.00) thereof, or may
be subject to both such fine and imprison-
ment at the discretion of the court.

It is not necessary that a camp fire being left unat-
tended or unextinguished should do damage to surrounding
property to make this section applicable.

SPARK ARRESTERS ON ENGINES IN OR NEAR
FOREST OR BRUSH LAND

Section 10. From June 1 to October 1 of
each year it shall be unlawful for any person,
firm or corporation, or employe thereof, to
use or operate any locomotive, logging
engine, portable engine, traction engine or
stationary engine using fuel other than oil,
in or near forest or brush land, which is not
provided with an adequate spark arrester
kept in constant use and repaired. Any per-
son, firm or corporation who shall wilfully
fail to comply with the foregoing provisions

37

of this section shall be guilty of a misde-
meanor, and upon conviction thereof shall
pay a fine for each engine or locomotive
without such spark arrester of not less than
twenty-five dollars ($25.00), nor more than
one hundred dollars ($100.00), and shall be
enjoined from further use of such engine or
locomotive until such spark arrester is pro-
vided. Escape of fire from any engine shall
be prima facie evidence that such appliance
has not been adequately maintained in com-
pliance with this section. Upon proof that
any prosecution has been instituted under
this section by any fire warden, any court
of competent jurisdiction shall enjoin the
further use of the engine involved, unless
equipped and maintained in compliance with
this section to the satisfaction of said fire
warden, until the defendant has_ been
acquitted of the charge preferred.

The escape of fire, as used in this section, means such
an escape of sparks or fire as endangers, regardless of
whether property is actually set on fire and destroyed.
While escape of. fire from an engine is prima facie evi-
dence that the appliance has not been adequately main-
tained in compliance with the law, the escape of fire to
such an extent that it would endanger property must be
shown. Justices of the Peace’ have jurisdiction of cases

- growing out of the violation of this section. (Opinion of
‘ “Attorney General.)

BURNING OF SLASHINGS

Section 11. All persons, firms, or corpor-
ations engaged in logging, or permitting log-
ging upon their lands, in this State, shall
each year burn their annual slashing, by
which is meant the top and inflammable
refuse left -after lumbering, that may carry

38

fire or cause it to spread, at such time and
in such manner and with such provision of
help as will confine the fire to their own
lands, and if such burning is done between
June 1 and October 1 shall first cut down
all dead trees or snags over twenty-five (25)
feet high. Builders of trails, roads or rail-
roads in this State shall immediately destroy
or remove all inflammable material resulting
from constructing or clearing for such
improvements unless prevented under the
provisions of Sections 7 and 8 of this act.
Any person, firm or corporation operating a
railroad in this State with coal or wood fuel
Shall annually, or when so directed by the
State Board of Forestry, and in a manner
and to an extent directed by said Board,
destroy or remove all inflammable material
from the right-of-way of said railroad. All
burning under the provision of this section
Shall be in accordance with the provisions of
Sections 7 and 8 of this act. Refusal or
neglect to comply with the provisions of this
section shall be punished by a fine of not less
than one hundred dollars ($100.00), nor
more than one thousand dollars ($1,000.00)
for each offense; provided, that the State
Forester, with the consent of the Board of
Forestry, may suspend the restrictions of
this section when and where he deems public
safety so permits or requires. It is further
provided, that in the absence of such suspen-
sion, and in case of refusal or neglect by any
person or persons at fault, after proper

39

notice, to take the precautions against fire
required by this section, the State Forester,
or District Fire Warden acting with his con-
sent, may have the work done to the extent
he deems requisite to public safety, and the
cost thereof and the expense of any fire
patrol rendered necessary by the delay shall
be recoverable from the offender by action
for debt.

The attention of loggers, owners on whose land log-
ging is being done, builders of trails, roads and railroads,
should be called to this section by the wardens. Refusal
of any person or corporation to comply with these pro-
visions should be reported to the State Forester.

SETTING FIRE WITH MALICIOUS INTENT A
FELONY

Section 12. Any person who shall unlaw-
fully or maliciously set fire to any woods,
forest, timber, brush or vegetable matter
whatever, with intent that the property of
another shall be injured thereby, shall be
guilty of a felony, and upon conviction
thereof shall be punished by imprisonment
in the State penitentiary for not less than
one (1) year nor more than ten (10) years.

DAMAGE FROM FIRE MAY BE RECOVERED IN
> CIVIL’ ACTION

Section 138. In addition to the penalties
provided in this act, the United States, State,
county, or private owners, whose property is
injured or destroyed by fires in violation of
-this‘act, may recover in a civil action double
the amount of damages suffered if the fires
oecurred through wilfulness, malice or neg-

40

ligence; but if such fires were caused or
escaped accidentally or unavoidably, civil
action shall lie only for the actual damage
sustained as determined by the value of the
property injured or destroyed, and the
detriment to the land and vegetation thereof.
Persons or corporations causing fires by
violations of this act shall be liable in action
for debt to the full amount of all expenses
incurred in fighting such fires.

ANY PERSON OTHER THAN A COMPENSATED
FIRE WARDEN FURNISHING INFORMA-
TION LEADING TO A_ CONVICTION
ENTITLED TO ONE-HALF OF FINE :
Section 14. Any person not employed and
compensated as a fire warden who shall
detect anyone violating any of the provisions
of this act, and shall furnish information
leading to the arrest and conviction of such
person, shall, upon his conviction, receive
one-half of the fine paid by such person con-
victed, otherwise all fines imposed under this
act, less the cost of collection, shall go into
the general fund of the county in which
conviction is had.

DISTRICT ATTORNEY TO PROSECUTE OFFEND-
ERS WITH ALL DILIGENCE AND ENERGY
Section 15. Whenever an arrest. shal]
have been made for violation of any pro-
vision of this act, or whenever any evidence
Which shows with reasonable certainty any
such violation shall have been lodged with
him, the District Attorney for the county in

41

which the criminal act was committed must
prosecute the offenders with all diligence
and energy. If any District Attorney shall
fail to comply with the provisions of this
section he shall be guilty of a misdemeanor,
and upon conviction shall be fined not less
than one hundred dollars ($100.00), nor more
than one thousand dollars ($1,000.00), in the
discretion of the court. Prosecution against
the District Attorney shall be conducted by
the Attorney General. The penalties of this
section shall apply to any Justice of the
Peace with proper authority, who refuses or
neglects to issue a warrant for the arrest of
any person or persons when complaint under
oath of violation of any terms of this act has
been lodged with him.

PRINTED CIRCULARS, NOTICES, BLANKS, ETC.,
TO BE FURNISHED BY THE SECRETARY

OF STATE
Section 16. The Secretary of State shall,
upon request of the State Forester, furnish
such printed circulars and cloth notices and
such forms and blanks.as shall be necessary

ae carry out and give publicity to the pro-

- visions of this act, the cost of providing such
circulars, cloth notices, forms and blanks to
. be paid from the appropriation for defraying
the expenses of the public’ printing, binding,
etc., provided for the various State depart-
ments, boards, commissions, etc. Any person
who shall _ wilfully destroy or injure any
notice posted in compliance herewith shall
be punished by a fine of not less than ten

42

dollars ($10.00), nor more than fifty dollars
($50.00), or by imprisonment for one (1)
day for each two dollars ($2.00) of such fine
imposed in case of his neglect or refusal to
pay such fine.

Justices of the Peace have jurisdiction of cases grow-

ing out of the violation of this section.

COUNTY COMMISSIONERS MAY APPROPRIATE
MONEY FOR FOREST PROTECTION

Section 17. County boards of commission-
ers may appropriate money for forest
protection under the provisions of this act,
and expenses incurred by any county board
of commissioners in accordance therewith
shall be a proper county charge.

APPROPRIATION FOR THE BIENNIAL PERIOD

Section 18. For the purpose of carrying
out the provisions of this act, including the
payment of the salaries and expenses of the
officers and employes for which the State is
liable under this act, there is hereby appro-
priated out of any funds in the treasury
not otherwise appropriated the sum of sixty
thousand dollars ($60,000.00), or so much
thereof as may be necessary. The Secretary
of State is hereby authorized and directed to
audit all duly approved claims which have
been incurred in pursuance of this act and
the foregoing appropriation and to draw his
warrant on the State Treasurer in the pay-
ment thereof out of the appropriation made
by this act or other appropriation from which
the same may be determined to be payable.

45

Section 19. It is hereby adjudged and
declared that precautionary measures pro-
vided by this act must be taken immediately
and before the actual fire season, and that
since existing conditions are such that this
act is necessary for the immediate preserva-
tion of the public peace, health and safety,
an emergency is declared to exist and this
act shall take effect and be in full force and
effect from and after its approval by the
Governor.

Section 20. That Sections 5508, 5509,
5510) 5bt1, (5512, Dols, bola) aod bee
5517,,.5518, 5519, 5520 and 5521, of Words
Oregon Laws are hereby repealed.

Filed in the office of the Secretary of
State February 24, 1911.

CHAPTER 90 OF THE LAWS OF OREGON
FOR 1913

AN ACT

To make every county judge ex officio a fire warden
. within his county, and to provide the conditions under
which slashings and timber cuttings may be burned.

: Be it.enacted by the People of the State of Oregon:

‘Section 1. That every county judge with-
-in the. State of Oregon is ex officio a fire
“warden and shall have all the rights and
powers and perform all the duties of a regu-
larly. appointed fire warden, within the
boundaries. of his county, as such rights,
powers and duties are provided and defined
by the General Laws of Oregon. Every such
4A

county judge is hereby authorized to issue
and revoke permits for burning slashings,
choppings, wood lands and brush lands
between June 1 and October 1 of each year.

Section 2. Every person to whom such a
permit is issued shall give at least 24 hours’
notice to each resident owner of adjoining
lands, of the time when he intends to set fire
in accordance with his permit.

CHAPTER 247 OF THE LAWS OF OREGON
FOR 1913

AN ACT

To require owners of timber lands to provide a oe patrol
therefor.

Be it enacted by the People of the State of Oregon:

Section 1. Every owner of timber land
in the State of Oregon shall furnish or pro-
vide a sufficient fire patrol therefor during
the season of the year when there is danger
of forest fires, which patrol shall meet with
the approval of the State Board of Forestry.

Section 2. In case any owner or owners
shall fail or neglect to provide such fire
patrol, then the State Forester, under direc-
tion from the State Board of Forestry, shall
provide the same at a cost not to exceed five
(5) cents per acre per annum. Any amounts
so paid or contracted to be paid by the State
Forester, shall be a lien upon the property,
and shall be reported by the State Forester
to the county court of the county in which

45

such lands are situated, and shall by such
court be levied and collected with the next
taxes on such lands in the same manner as
taxes are collected. Said county court shall
instruct the proper officer to extend the
amounts on the assessment roll in a separate
column, and the procedure provided by law
for the collection of taxes and delinquent
taxes shall be applicable thereto, and upon
collection thereof the county court shall
repay the same to the State Forester, to be
applied to the expenses incurred in carrying
out the provisions of this act.

Section 3. For the purposes of this act,
any land shall be considered timber land
which has enough timber standing or down
to constitute, in the judgment of the State
Board of Forestry, a fire menace to itself or
adjoining lands.

Section 4. The owner of any land coming
under the provisions of this act, who shall
reside within one and one-half miles. of said
land, shall be considered, by virtue of said
residence, to maintain a sufficient fire patrol
and shall not be compelled to maintain

- additional patrol on such land.

Section 5. For the purposes of this act,
- an adequate fire patrol shall be construed to
méan one equal to that maintained by 50 per
‘cent of the timber owners in the same
locality, or under similar conditions in other
localities, who are in good faith patrolling
their: lands against fire.

46

INDEX

Allowing fire to escape to land of another........ 36

Annual slashings:
Loggers, builders of roads and railroads to

[ERE 1 SMCS Rae E oe Os 0g SMe SARE San iy ILS OR See TONE OLR Or Eb 38
Precautions in burning during closed season 38
TOV OURO YOY Gl 2 LEG 1015 1 eg Se Ok 8 a Ree eee Velen ge Peelers 43
ATTeSts aAglG -PMOSCCILIONS 22222-66028 s eb oe co beens 13
ATTests: spOWerS OF ptate Wardens ......2..2.-6-5.- $. 13
[EER IGAE in (OF RE shee 6 yee ee eee oe See ARERR PR OnE eee 26
Burning without permit:
RePiiitions SOvernineg 6 2 oes ee oa
Wiehe permissi ples oo. oe tN Oe! oe
Camp fires:
oy SESLUG MIRE Gh ies oo a een agen Mes oe ede a Pag ee ie ES at
heaviner tire unattended: 4-2. ..22-scetceseaz teste! rig
County Commissioners may appropriate money
EGte Forest: Proveculoly 25.00). hoa ee 43
County judges made ex-officio fire wardens____._.. 44
County officials to act as fire wardens............ 30
County to pay one-third of expenses incurred_... 30
Histripution iol forest fire laws. os 8
District attorney to prosecute offenders..._...___-- 41
1 TIS SEES SiS Sa RR ee a 15
Peer pe CR OLMIOO? 2c l es ea Role eee is,
BINS IB OOAILIOR Ol. wet eet ee) be et ee Let 41
Fire fighting:
Geena MStrWeChlOns es 08 be eo oo ea 22
WiGuley cenrel it Gyryba beat oe eo es hh 23
Fires:
CSPATPADY AE ete SPS aM Aa ean A NC a Re 37
Bote eer Petey, a dl clo‘ 0s dk OE le Na ee 40
IS PNT ie rete aa ee R Se aie a EN tee 40)
RR TEGTEN AIS NTO Vig mgs tent ms BU cee ee ge a G woe ie
J Eye O13 0 ite ie a0 mes af ed Rca gee A i ee 12

(Ee Pe UP AYE 55 gf OL Cal EA NU a AS a eR 24, 45

INDEX—Continued
PAGE
Wire warden service t2052) 24.2.4 eee 7
Instructions:
Federal: patrolmen:;..5:.::25..4:0/02) 32 19
District wardens | -22:20)2040... 2 ae 15
Voluntary... Wardens): 4223...) eee 21
Wardens employed by timber owners or
associations (_.2.0..000) 0s 2 eee 20
Law enforcement “22.0700. ee 13
Permits to ‘burn slashing 2 eee 9, 3a
Posting of noticest.....20.- 0.2 ee eee 1%
Rangers on the national forests...) 29
Reports, on: fites: {3 ee 12
Setting fires. to woods, ete....:..... eee 36
Small fires, importance of reports on.................- 12
Spark arresters ‘...c.......0)00. {0.04 eee st
Special-wardens (..{))5:...00 1 UAV eee 7
state. Board of . Forestry... ee pai A
State fire wardens:
Appointment) Gf ° 0.2.0.0 Ch eee 29
Duties. ‘of, :-2.22.20.25, 0. tel ee eee 32
Failure to comply with duties 21... 2 32
Power to enter lands of others............... nee 32
State Forester:
AppointMé@nt: 321.0... ee eee 28
Duties of **.0 0-2 eS ee 28, 29, 30
_~* Te designate fire districts: 2 js) 31
©, puUpplies. ook tol) eee 26
Telephone connection .2.......202, eee 16
Timber owners required to furnish patrol....24, 45
. Voluntary fire. wardens_............ [2 eee 21
Wardens employed by timber owners or asso-
Clations. .4....22..0.- a eee eee 20
48

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