SURVEY OF SPORT FISHERY PROJECTS, 1956 -aoij M ir\e.S CIRCULAR 46 FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR SURVEY OF SPORT FISHERY PROJECTS, 1956 CIRCULAR 46 Compiled in the Branch of Federal Aid FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Washington, D. C. - January 195 7 Information contained in this Sur- vey may not be copied for purposes of publication without first securing the permission of the agency listed as sponsor of the project. TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction Page Purpose and description of the survey v Explanation of project descriptions vi Summary of listings by agency type vi Fishery Research and Management Projects Reported by-- Page Alabama Department of Conservation ... 1 Alabama Polytechnic Institute. . 1 U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Branch of Game-fish and Hatcheries 2 Arizona Game and Fish Department ... 3 U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Branch of Game-fish and Hatcheries 3 Arkansas Game and Fish Commission ... 3 California Departnient of Fish and Game. . 4 Stanford University 9 University of California 10 U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Branch of Fishery Biology . . 10 River Basin Studies 11 Coloraco Game and Fish Department ... 11 U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service River Basin Studies 13 Connecticut State Board of Fisheries and Game 14 Delaware Board of Game and Fish Commissioners 15 U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Branch of Fishery Biology . . 16 Florida Game and Fresh Water Fish Commission 16 University of Miami 17 U. S. Army Coprs of Engineers 18 Georgia Game and Fish Commission. . . 19 U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Branch of Game-fish and Hatcheries 20 Branch of Fishery Biology. . 21 Idaho Department of Fish and Garne. . 21 University of Idaho 24 Reported by-- Page Idaho (Cont. ) U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Branch of Fishery Biology. . 24 River Basin Studies 24 Illinois Department of Conservation . . . 25 Natural History Survey 25 Quincy College 26 Southern Illinois University ... 26 Forest Preserve District of Cook County 28 Indiana Division of Fish and Game .... 28 Indiana University 29 St. Mary's College 29 University of Notre Dame .... 30 Iowa State Conservation Commission 30 Iowa State College 34 Kansas Forestry, Fish and Game Commission 36 University of Kansas 38 Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources 39 Louisiana Wild Life and Fisheries Commission 40 Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Game 441 U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Branch of Fishery Biology . . 43 Maryland Department of Research and Education 43 University of Maryland 46 Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Game 47 Bureau of Wildlife Research and Management 48 Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution 49 University of Massachusetts. . . 49 U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Branch of Game-fish and Hatcheries 50 TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont. ) Reported by-- Page Massachusetts (Cont. ) River Basin Studies 50 Michigan Department of Conservation. . . 51 University of Michigan 63 Central Michigan College 66 U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Branch of Fishery Biology. . 67 Minnesota Department of Conservation ... 69 University of Minnesota 7 1 Mississippi Game and Fish Commission. . . 72 Gulf Coast Research Laboratory 72 Missouri Conservation Commission .... 72 University of Missouri 79 Montana Department of Fish and Game. . 80 State University 83 Nebraska Game, Forestation and Parks Commission 84 U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Branch of Game-fish and Hatcheries 85 Nevada Fish and Game Commission. . . 85 University of Nevada 86 New Hampshire Fish and Game Department ... 86 New Jersey Division of Fish and Game .... 88 New Mexico Department of Game and Fish. . 91 U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Branch of Game-fish and Hatcheries 92 New York Conservation Department 93 Cornell University 96 U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Branch of Fishery Biology. . 100 North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission 101 North Carolina State College . . 102 North Dakota Game and Fish Department ... 103 North Dakota Agricultural College 103 Ohio Department of Natural Re- sources 103 Ohio State University 106 Reported by-- Page Ohio' (Cont. ) ■ . S. Public Health Service. . . 107 Oklahoma Game and Fish Department . . . 107 U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Branch of Game-fish and Hatcheries 108 Oregon Fish Commission 109 Game Commission Ill U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Branch of Game-fish and Hatcheries 112 River Basin Studies 113 Pennsylvania Fish Commission 114 U. S. Forest Service, North- eastern Forest Experiment Station 117 Lehigh University 118 Pennsylvania State University. . 118 Rhode Island Division of Fish and Game .... 119 University of Rhode Island. . . . 120 South Carolina Wildlife Resources Department 120 U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Branc of Game-fish and Hatcheries 121 South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks 121 Tennessee Game and Fish Commission . . . 122 Reelfoot Lake Biological Station 124 Tennessee Valley Authority , . . 125 Texas Game and Fish Commission. . . 126 U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Branch of Game-fish and Hatcheries 126 River Basin Studies 126 Utah Fish and Game Department . . . 127 State Agricultural College .... 127 Vermont Fish and Game Service 128 Virginia Commission of Game and Inland Fisheries 129 Virginia Fisheries Laboratory . 129 U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Branch of Game-fish and Hatcheries 130 IV TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont. ) Reported by-- Page Washington Departnnent of Fisheries 130 Game Department 131 University of Washington 132 Washington State College 133 U. 5. Fish and Wildlife Service Branch of Fishery Biology. . 134 West Virginia Conservation Commission .... 137 West Virginia University 139 U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Branch of Fishery Biology. . 139 Wisconsin Conservation Department 142 The Institute of Paper Chemistry 145 Sulphite Pulp Manufacturers' Research League 145 Committee on Water Pollution . 146 University of Wisconsin 146 Wyoming Game and Fish Commission . . . 147 U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Branch of Fishery Biology . . 150 Reported by-- Page Alaska Game Commission 150 Department of Fisheries 152 Water Pollution Control Board . 152 Forest Service Alaska Forest Research Center 153 U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Branch of Alaska Fisheries . 153 River Basin Studies 153 Hawaii Division of Fish and Game .... 154 U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Branch of Fishery Biology . . 155 Puerto Rico Division of Forests, Fish and Wildlife 156 Virgin Islands Government of Virgin Islands . . 157 Subject Index 157 ^:{::{csJ::^>;cj|«:{ej^?lc*>le^*3;c>;e*5!<5|s:i:5i::{c:[e^sJ;>|C3!c**5lc=^ PURPOSE AND DESCRIPTION OF THE SURVEY This circular is the third catalog of sport-fishery programs in the United States. Its objective is to provide fishery administrators, teachers, research workers, and managers a means of keeping abreast of current work in fish conser- vation and restoration activities. It is believed that the publication will stimulate a greater exchange of ideas among those engaged in similar projects, will aid in preventing needless duplication of effort, and will furnish a comprehensive picture of our sport-fishery programs. The Survey is a cooperative venture which deals primarily with work in progress. Past accomplishments or future plans have been included only when they were directly related to current work. Because of space linnitations it was necessary to exclude reports on fish stocking, law enforcement, public relations, and similar routine management operations. Reports on individual projects are necessarily brief, and the space assigned does not reflect the importance of a project. So far as possible, the Fish and Wildlife Service has limited its editing of completed questionnaires to the standardi- zation of format and attainment of clarity. The Service serves only as a clearing- house and means of publication. Readers desiring additional information are re- quested to direct inquiries to the responsible agency as given under the project description rather than to the Fish and Wildlife Service, except where the project is listed as an undertaking of the Service. Since there is no complete directory of agencies and institutions engaged in projects covered by the Survey, undoubtedly some have been overlooked. Readers knowing of such omissions are urged to notify the Fish and Wildlife Service, so that the omitted agency may have opportunity to provide reports for the next edition. Annual changes in fishery programs are not sufficient to warrant publication of the Survey every year. Therefore, an edition was not published for 1955. The issuance of future editions will depend on the need for bringing the list- ing of projects up to date and on the expressed desires of cooperators. EXPLANATION OF PROJECT DESCRIPTIONS Material reported by the several game and fish departments, universities, and Federal and private agencies, is arranged in the following order: 1. Title of project. 2. Objectives and description. 3. General explanator information: a. Cooperating agencies. b. Area covered and/or location of headq\aarters. c. Date project began and expected completion date. d. Estimated cost of current segment. e. Name of the leader. f. Availability of reports. 4. Person or office to receive inquiries concerning further details and accomplishments . The cost figure, when given, is that reported for the current year or seg- ment and does not represent the entire cost of a project with a life o more than one year. U the reporting agency stated that reports on the project, or phases thereof, are available, this is indicated. For infornnation on the availability of reports on Fish and Wildlife Service projects write to the person indicated in that particular project. SUMM.\RY OF LISTINGS BY AGENCY TYPE The borad scope of projects listed in the Survey reflects the attention being given our sport-fishery resources by many agencies. On the basis of numbers alone, leading contributors are the State fish and game departments, colleges and universities are second, and Federal agencies are third. Since the cost of many projects is not given, it is impossible to present a summary of the amount of money being spent by the various agencies. This can usually be obtained from annual or biennial reports and other special publications. Reported by-- Number of Agencies Projects State Conservation Agencies: Fish and Game Departments 48 491 Other 8 14 Colleges and Universities 32 129 Federal Agencies: Fish and Wildlife Service 4 84 Public Health Service 1 1 Forest Service 1 2 TVA 1 4 Territories 4 21 Industrial Corporations 2 2 Totals 101 748 ALABAMA Department of Conservation 1. Fish Population Studies in Rivers and Large Innpoundments The objectives are: (1) To deternnine the species composition of fish in the various rivers and impoundments of the State. (2) To determine the effects of pollution. (3) To obtain some idea of the production of fish in various waters. Alabama Polytechnic Institute and Tennessee Valley Authority cooperating; statewide; began 1948, continuing; $5,000; I. B. Byrd, H. S. Swingle and Lawrence Miller, Leaders; reports available. Address inquiries to: I. B. Byrd, Alabama Department of Conservation, Montgomery, Alabama. 2. Farm Ponds Investigations in Alabama The objectives are: (1) To determine whether 100, 125, or 150 bass per acre was the best stocking rate for fertilized ponds that were stocked with 1,000 bream per acre. (2) To determine the major factors or conditions that caused unsuccessful or unbalanced ponds. Cullnnan, Montgomery and Pike Counties; began October 1952 closed October 1956; $2,000; D. D. Moss, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: D. D. Moss, Departnraent of Conservation, Mont- gomery Alabama. 3. Construction of Public Fishing Lakes Public fishing lakes are constructed in those areas of the State having in- sufficient fishing waters. These lakes are fertilized and managed to obtain maximum production of fish. They are designated as minor state parks and, in addition to fishing, provide swinnming, picnicking, and boating. Statewide; began 1948, continuing; $150,000; I. B. Byrd, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: I. B. Byrd, as in No. 1 above. Alabama Polytechnic Institute 1. Survey of Parasites of Pondfish in Alabama and Their Control A study of prevalence of fish parasites in Alabama and their control in ponds . Auburn; began July 1956; $6,460; Henry F. Turner, Leader. Address inquiries to: Henry F. Turner, Fisheries Building, Auburn, Alabama. 2. Stream and Impoundment Surveys Survey of fish populations in rivers, streams, and impoundments in- cluding effects of pollution. Department of Conservation cooperating; statewide; began 1950; $6, 000; H. S. Swingle and I. B. Byrd, Leaders. Address inquiries to: H. S. Swingle, Auburn, Alabama. 3. Farm Ponds Management of ponds for production of sport fishing. Species and species combinations giving highest production, methods of stocking, effect of rates of fishing, methods of fertilization, and related problems are investigated. Comnnercial production of fish for food in ponds is also being studied. Auburn; began 1933, continuing; $20, 000; H. S. Swingle and E. E. Prather, Leaders. Address inquiries to: H. S. Swingle, Auburn, Alabama. 1 ALABAMA (Cont. ) 4. The Invertebrate Animals Serving as Food for Fish in Alabama Ponds The objectives are to determine the species, seasonal cycles of abundance, utilization, and ecology of the invertebrate aninnals that serve as food for fish in ponds in Alabama. Aquatic animals from a wide variety of habitats in ponds will be collected for species identification. Samples of food organisms will be collected throughout the seasons to determine seasonal cycles of abun- dance. Contents of stomachs of fish will be analyzed to determine utilization of different organisms. Relations of food organisms to their environment will involve studies of habitats by measuring depth, temperature, and dissolved oxygen content of the water, and by determining the nature of the substrata and the degree of interspecific cohabitation. Auburn; began July 1956, to close June 1961; $2,600; J. S. Dendy, Leader. Address inquiries to: J. S. Dendy, Fisheries Lab. , A. P. I. , Auburn, Alabama. 5. Minnow Production The objectives are: (A) To deternnine the species of fish that can be pro- duced most profitably for bait. (B) To determine the most efficient supple- mental feeds and rates of feeding for bait fish. (C) To determine the most de- sirable methods for harvesting, handling, temporary storage, and transpor- tation for bait fish. Auburn; began 1946, to close 1960; $15,000; E. E. Prather, Leader; re- ports available. Address inquiries to: E. E. Prather, A. P. I. Agricviltural Experiment Station, Auburn, Alabama. 6. Chemical Control of Weeds in Ponds The objectives are: (1) To test the effectiveness of commercial and ex- perimental herbicides and algacides on common pond weeds of this area. (2) To determine the toxicity of commercial and experimental herbicides and algacides to fish and fish food organisms, and their effects in ponds on fish production, plankton production, and bottom organisms production. Auburn; began July 1956, to close June 1961; $10,000; J. M. Lawrence, Leader. Address inquiries to: J. M. Lawrence, Fisheries Building, A. P. I. , Auburn, Alabama. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Branch of Ganne-fish and Hatcheries 1. Warm-water Pond Fish Culture Existing methods of producing warm-water species of pond fishes under hatchery conditions are critically examined with the objective of improving present procedures and techniques in hatchery management. Production methods for warm-water species of fish which show promise of improving the quality and quantity of the hatchery output are tested. Studies are being con- ducted on methods of fertilization, vegetation control, and other pond manage- ment techniques under hatchery conditions. Marion; began January 1950, continuing; Jack R. Snow, Leader. Address inquiries to: Jack R. Snow, U. S. Fish Cultural Station, Marion, Alabama . ARIZONA Game and Fish Department 1. Fisheries Investigation of Region I The objective is to introduce and determine usage of threadfin shad by other fish and the result upon the fisherman's catch. Fishing pressure on warm water fish of Lake Mohave and on trout below Hoover and Davis Dams by residents and nonresidents, the most economical size classes of trout stocked, and the best time of the year for stocking in terms of return to the fisherman's creel are also determined. The project leader and two assistants are making a comparative creel census of the areas to be covered and are collecting stomach samples, scales, and length data. Fin clipped and tagged trout are planted. Lake Mohave and Colorado River; began January 1956, to close January 1957; $20, 000; Roger Gruenewald, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: A. W. Yoder, Chief of Fisheries, Game and Fish Department, Capitol Annex, Phoenix, Arizona. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Branch of Game-fish and Hatcheries 1. Creel Study The purpose of the project is to determine the return of stocked rainbow trout to anglers. Information obtained includes catch per man-hour, fishing pressure, and creel composition. Stocked fish are marked. A comparison of fishing with and without stocking will be made. Recreational Enterprise White Mountain Tribe, Office of Indian Affairs cooperating; Fort Apache Indian Reservation; began June 1956, closed October 1956; $1500; Joe Huston, Leader. Address inquiries to: Regional Director, U. S. Fishcind Wildlife Service, P. O. Box 1306, Albuquerque, New Mexico. ARKANSAS Game and Fish Commission 1. A Connparative Fisheries Study This is a comparison of the physical, chemical, and biological features of Lakes Catherine, Hamilton, and Ouachita. These impoxindments are located on the upper reaches of the Oiiachita River and are very similar except for age. Fishing success seems to be directly affected by the age of the impovmd- ment with the newer impoundments providing the best fishing. The purpose of the project is to produce a management plan which will improve fishing in the older impoundments and maintain good fishing in the newer impoundments. West-central Arkansas; began June 1955, to close September 1958; $9, 300; James Stevenson, Leader. Address inquiries to: James Stevenson, 2009 Izard Street, Little Rock, Arkansas. 2. Tailwater Trout Studies Survey and development of a trout fishery in Arkansas below Norfork Dam on the North Fork River and below Bull Shoals Dam on the White River in North Arkansas. White and North Fork Rivers; began June 1955, to close June 1958; $20, 500; Robert Baker, Leader. Address inquiries to: Andrew H. Hulsey, Asst. Fed. Aid Coordinator, Fisheries, Lonoke, Arkansas. ARKANSAS (Cont. ) 3. Lake Atkins Development Project The objective is to construct a 752-acre sport fishing lake and provide for public access. West-central Arkansas; began July 1955, closed December 1956; $124,000; John Buxton, Leader. Address inquiries to: Andrew H. Hulsey, as in No. 2 above. 4. Statewide Fisheries Survey The objectives are: (1) To locate and catalogue the State's public fishing waters. (2) To record the distribution of the principal gamefish and provide data on success of reproduction, survival, growth, and age. (3) To provide recommendations for management and evaluation of the results of management. Statewide; began July 1951, to close July 1958; $23, 000; Leroy Gray, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Leroy Gray, P. O. Box 301, Hazen, Arkansas. 5. Experimental Channel Catfish and Buffalofish Culture and Propagation The objective is to develop practical methods for the culture and propaga- tion of channel catfish and buffalo in warm water hatchery ponds. There is a possibility that rice field reservoirs can be used for commercial production of these species. Centerton and Lonoke Fish Hatcheries; began January 1952; Bruce Crawford and Lee Brady, Leaders; reports available. Address inquiries to: Joe Hogan, Supervisor of Fisheries, Lonoke, Arkansas. 6. Experimental Drawdown Management on Flood Control Lakes The objectives are: (1) to benefit the sport fishery by balancing the fish population, (2) to control colloidal turbidity, and (3) to aid in the harvest of commercial and sport fish species. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U. S. Army Engineers cooperating; Nimrod and Blue Mountain Lakes; began October 1955, to close October 1958; Andrew H. Hulsey, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Andrew H. Hulsey, as in No. 2 above. CALIFORNIA Department of Fish and Game 1. Statewide Warmwater Fish Research Program The objectives of the project include: (a) A study of forage fish introduc- tions to find more suitable species for fluctuating water level reservoirs. This is now centered around the evaluation of the threadfin shad, (b) An in- vestigation of population dynamics of warmwater streams, lakes, and reser- voirs in terms of production, fishing and natural mortality, and growth. Principle species are the largemouth and smallmouth black bass, sunfishes such as the bluegill and redear, black and white crappie, and catfish, (c) A catfish study to provide adequate information concerning fishing pressure and life history data necessary for the management of California's catfish re- sources. Several thousand catfish have been tagged to furnish data relative to rate of exploitation and migratory tendencies. Samples are collected for study of age and growth, food habits, and reproductive characteristics. This work was formerly carried on under Dinge 11 -Johnson Project F-2-R, A Study of the Catfish Fishery of California. CALIFORNIA (Cont. ) Statewide; began March 1953, continuing; $22, 000; J. B. Kimsey, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Inland Fisheries Branch, California Department of Fish and Game, 722 Capitol Avenue, Sacramento 14, California. 2. Water Projects Investigations The principal objective of the project is to provide for future fisheries, wildlife, and recreation in connection with water projects to be constructed in the State of California. Project personnel work directly with the personnel of the State's water development planning agency, and report on the recrea- tional aspects of all proposed water projects. Information is gathered on fish and game populations, factors influencing their success and development, and characteristics of their present utiliza- tion. Factors reported on typically consist of fish protective devices and methods, flow requirements of downstream fisheries, and economic evalua- tions of fisheries and wildlife, both with projects and without them. California Department of Water Resources cooperating; statewide; began March 1953, indefinite; $40,000; David E. Pelgen, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Robert M. Paul, Water Projects Coordinator, Water Projects Section, California Department of Fish and Game, 722 Capitol Avenue, Sacramento 14, California. 3. Hatchery Trout Feeding Experiments These experinnents are designed to test and develop dry foods for trout that will maintain the health and rapid growth now achieved with the use of liver and ocean fish. It is generally conceded that improved conversion rates are possible with dry foods. This could lead to a considerable savings in the cost of freight, handling, storage, and preparation, thereby lowering produc - tion costs. Results thus far are inconclusive. Certain commercial pellets have been tested extensively. Excellent results have been achieved at some hatcheries with complete failure at others. The variables are many, but further trials are warranted. Statewide; began May 1954, indefinite; $4,000; Robert Macklin, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: As in No. 1 above. 4. Freshwater Fish Disease Investigations This project is chiefly concerned with examination, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases in California hatcheries. Inspection of commercially and state-reared trout is also carried out in order to prevent the planting of diseased fish in California waters. The major effort in disease research involves a study of the life cycle of a blood fluke found in trout and control methods. Observations are also being made on trout strain resistance to parasitic copepods. Statewide; continuing; $15,000; Harold Wolf and J. H. Wales, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: As in No. 1 above. 5. Economic Survey of Sport Fishing in California The objective of this project is to determine the monetary value of all types of sport fishing in California during 1955. Questionnaires were sent to a selected sample of California anglers to obtain the data. Several expense categories were established including transportation costs; lodging; oil and gas for boat motors; rentals of motors, boats, horses, camping gear, etc. ; bait; fishing equipment; general purpose supplies and equipment, such as CALIFORNIA (Cont. ) boots and waders; and repair and nnaintenance of equipment used for fishing. The questionnaire was designed to enable a breakdown of expenditures be- tween saltwater and freshwater sport fishing. Costs per angler -day will provide the basis for determining total expenditures by sport fishermen. An electronic calculator is being used to process the raw data. Hdqtrs. Sacramento; began January 1956, indefinite; $2,000; John J. Mahoney, Leader. Address inquiries to: As in No. 1 above. 6. Sport Live Bait Fishery of Southern California The objectives are to determine: 1. The total annual catch for California waters and the percentage contribu- tion of each major sportfishing port. 2. The species connposition of the bait for each port. 3. The age composition of the major bait fish, Engraulis mordax. 4. Fluctuations in total bait abundance as reflected by catch per unit effort. Bait samples and fishermen interviews are taken from nine Southern California sportfishing ports each week and brought into the laboratory for analysis. The data are compiled on a monthly and annual basis for each port. Southern California; began April 1955, continuing; $2,500; David C. Joseph, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: George Reiner, Department of Fish and Game, State Fisheries Laboratory, Ternninal Island Station, San Pedro, California. 7. Marine Sportfishing Investigation This project uses daily catch records from several hundred commercial sportfishing boats to determine the population fluctuations of approxinnately a dozen sport fishes. Wherever the statistical picture indicates a need for biological information, this work is mapped out. Through both the statistical and biological mediums, conservation regulations, actual or planned, can be critically evaluated. Marine fields closely related to marine sportfishing are kept under surveillance, and practical suggestions are advanced to pre- vent conflicts where possible. Coastal California; began 1936, indefinite; $17,000; Parke H. Young, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: California State Fisheries Laboratory, Ternninal Island Station, San Pedro, California. 8. Albacore Investigation This project consists of: (A) A study of variation in time and location of the most productive fishing areas by means of a log book program and to possibly explain this variation by examining the oceanographic environment. (B) Collection of a series of length-frequency samples of the catch to deter- mine growth rates and to measure the available abundance and relative im- portance of different size groups to the fishery. (C) Development of a method to age albacore to determine the age composi- tion of the catch. (D) Determination of nnigration patterns and rates of growth by means of tagging. (E) Development of new fishing areas and techniques by conducting exploratory activities on Department vessels. , Oregon Fish Commission and Washington Department of Fish and Game cooperating; Eastern Pacific Ocean from Central Baja California north and from the coast offshore several hundred miles; began June 1951, indefinite; CALIFORNIA (Cont. ) $25,000; Leo Pinkas, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: California Department of Fish and Game, Marine Fisheries Branch, 511 Txina Street, Terminal Island, California. 9. Ocean Salmon Sportfishery Investigation The primary objectives of this project are to obtain reliable estimates of the number of king and silver salmon landed by the off-shore sportfishery; to estimate the annual value of this fishery to the State; to determine age and size composition of the catch; and to evaluate the effect of present regulations in regard to efficient utilization of the resources. Intensive creel censuses are being conducted at the several areas where the sportfishery is concen- trated. Secondary objectives of this project are to estimate the numerical size of each major river's spawning population; to determine size, sex composi- tion, and spawning success of individuals in these populations; to establish optimum numerical size of each watershed's population; and to keep account of conditions inimical to salmon. Central and Northern California coast; began July 1954, indefinite; $22, 000; H. H. McCully, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Marine Fisheries Branch, California Department of Fish and Game, Museum Building, Stanford, California. 10. Surf Fishing Investigation Four surf species, the corbina, the spotfin and yellowfin croakers, and the barred perch are under study to evaluate the fishery and study pertinent life histories and make recommendations for management. Statistics are obtained from surf fishermen's voluntary records and from surveys and creel censuses. These data are the basis of a statistical analysis by species, area, time interval, and catch per unit of effort as well as importance of each species. Fish for biological studies and tagging are obtained by beach seine, drag net, and gill net. Observations are made by aqua lung diving. Biological studies include age and rate of growth, food habits, maturity and fecundity, and spawning. Coast of Southern California; began March 1952, to close April 1958; $26, 000; John G. Carlisle, Jr. , Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: John G. Carlisle, Jr. , California State Fisheries Laboratory, Terminal Island Station, San Pedro, California. 11. Yellowtail Study Yellowtail, a fish of considerable recreational value, heavily exploited by Southern California anglers at the northern extremity of its range, are being studied to determine what can be done to maintain the best possible fishing. Through tagging, the contribution of Baja California fish to California is being sought. Plastic tubing tags, developed in cooperation with the Department of Fish and Game tuna investigation, have been highly satisfactory. Anesthe- tizing yellowtail for easier handling was tried with very promising results. Studies of age, rate of growth, maturity and fecundity are in progress. Com- mercial catch statistics have been kept. Southern California and Baja California; began Janiiary 1952, to close June 1957; $35,000; Robert D. Collyer, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: As in No. 7 above. CALIFORNIA (Cont. ) 12. Coastal Streams Anadromous Trout and Salmon Study The current objectives of this project are: (a) To deternnine the survival to the angler's catch and to spawning of artificially propagated steelhead. (b) To determine the survival to the angler's catch and to spawning of naturally reproduced steelhead under varying conditions such as controlled numbers of spawning fish and/or controlled water flows, (c) To measure the reasons for, and extent of, mortality occurring to these different kinds of fish while they are in freshwater, and to test ways of reducing this mortality, (d) To test the effects of various management methods, including physical and biological habitat improvement and regulations on these fish and the fisheries for them, (e) To provide information needed for evaluating the effects of proposed and existing water developments on salmon and steelhead in the project area. Statewide; began February 1955, indefinite; $38,500; Leo Shapovalov, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: As in No. 1 above. 13. A Study of Sturgeon and Striped Bass Sturgeon: Life history studies include determination of the statewide distribution, migration patterns , age at sexual maturity, fecundity, place and frequency of spawning, and age -length-weight relationship by sexes. The pec- toral fin ray method of aging is being validated. Estimates of harvest are obtained from tag returns. Striped Bass: Activities involve the determination of angler harvest through tagging studies and maintenance of a continuous system of party boat catch records. The annual sampling of fry on the spawning grounds is intended to show spawning success and to be correlated with later year class success. The effect of the salmon and shad commercial fishery on the species is being evaluated. Problems of sampling for mortality studies and the effect of environ- mental changes are being investigated. Statewide; began July 1954, continuing; $17, 000; J. B. Kimsey, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: As in No. 1 above. 14. Trout Management Study This study was set up to integrate all basic research being conducted on trout by the Department. Current work of this project is aimed toward the following objectives: (a) To develop a means of evaluating the results of catchable trout stocking. Tests involving tagged and marked trout have been carried out at various waters throughout the State. A subcutaneous tag has been developed and used with a great deal of success, (b) To determine the species of trout or the strains within species that are the most suitable for various California waters. Several different strains of rainbow trout and three different strains of brown trout are being studied in selected test waters, which include Castle Lake, Rush Creek, and several lakes in the Lakes Basin Recreation area in Sierra and Plumas Counties. The eastern brook and "splake" trout are also being compared with each other, as well as with various strains of browns and rainbows in mountain lakes lying between 5, 000 and 7, 000 feet elevation. Considerable differences in catchability, as well as other factors, have been found to exist among strains of the same species, (c) To decrease the mortality and improve the health and vitality of trout through the control of disease. Statewide; began October 1953, continuing; $55,000; E. D. Bailey, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: As in No. 1 above. CALIFORNIA (Cont. ) 15. Sacramento-San Joaquin River Salmon and Steelhead Study This study has two objectives: first, to estimate and evaluate losses in irrigation diversions of seaward migrant salmon and steelhead; second, to study the steelhead and its fishery in the Sacramento River to determine if it is economically feasible to improve steelhead angling in this river system by stocking yearling hatchery fish. Creel census, trapping, and the examina- tion of fish at a fish ladder on Mill Creek and at Coleman Hatchery on Battle Creek are being done to determine the contribution of the marked hatchery fish. During 1956, a total of 270, 500 yearling steelhead were marked and released. Tagging studies, in conjunction with the marking experiments, are making it possible to determine the number of adult steelhead migrating into the upper Sacramento River, the number taken by anglers, and the proportion of hatchery fish in the population as well as the catch. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, California Kamloops , Inc. , and Steelhead Unlimited cooperating; Sacramento-San Joaquin Valleys; began October 1952, to close June 1959; $45, 000; Leo Shapovalov, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: As in No. 1 above. 16. Stream and Lake Improvement The objective of this project is to improve lakes and streams in order to increase the production and/or utilization of game fish. Some of the methods used to achieve the objective include fish population control through use of fish toxicants and other means; removal of log and debris jams acting as barriers to migrating fish; construction of pool-creating devices in streams; and control of excessive aquatic vegetation by chemical, mechanical, or other means. Considerable time has been spent testing the new weedicides under various California conditions and where various species of game fishes are present. Statewide; began March 1952, continuing; $50, 000; E. D. Bailey, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: As in No. 1 above. Stanford University, Department of Biological Sciences Metabolism Rate Variations of Bluegill Siinfish The objectives are: (1) To determine the effect of body weight, temperature, and activity on the rate of oxygen consumption. (2) To determine if seasonal rates of oxygen consumption vary for given body weights, temperatures, and activities. (3) To explain, if possible, late summer weight losses of larger fish and stunting of smaller fish at a time when food appears in short supply on the basis of metabolism rates. Felt Lake, Stanford University Campus; began March 1956, to close June 1957; Rogelio Juliano, Leader. Address inquiries to: Donald E. Wohlschlag, Natural History Museum, Stanford University, California. Seasonal Envirnomental Effects on the Population Dynamics of a Natural Predator-Prey Relationship The objectives are: (1) To determine the quantitative seasonal changes in rates of recruitment, growth, and death, and also changes in population size of a predator-prey fish combination (largemouth bass and bluegill) over a period of three years. (2) To evaluate rates of change of biological production. (3) To ascertain the possible magnitude and extent of causal environmental factors influencing seasonal and annual changes in population statistics. (4) To examine existing mathematical population models and relate them, with modi- fications if necessary, to actual conditions of existence. CALIFORNIA (Cont. ) National Science Foundation cooperating; Felt Lake, Stanford University Campus; began February 1955, to close July 1958; Donald E. Wohlschlag, Leader. Address inquiries to: As in No. 1 above. 3. Seasonal Changes in Growth Rates of Bluegill Sunfish in a Fluctuating Reservoir The objectives are: (1) To determine the amovmts of growth which blue- gills of various sizes and ages experience during different seasons of the year. (2) To deternnine, if possible, the extent to which spring and late sunnmer spawned fish contribute to the larger size groups. National Science Foundation cooperating; Felt Lake, Stanford University Campus; began February 1955, closed December 1956; Paul M. Briins, Leader. Address inquiries to: As in No. 1 above. University of California 1. Sagehen Creek Project Long-term ecological studies of the distribution and abundance of fish populations in Sagehen Creek were started in 1951. These involve pumping and draining 10 sections of stream each season to follow cycles in trout popu- lations. Allied studies are (1) Beaver-trout relationships by Richard Card. (2) Creel census to determine exploitation rates of naturally propagated trout. (3) Studies of the effects of winter conditions on survival of trout, including the factors of ground water, anchor ice, frazil ice, shelf ice, and snow. (4) Beaver food supplies by Joe Hall, completed in June 1956. Tahoe National Forest; began Jxine 1951, indefinite; $10,000; P. R. Needham and Richard Card, Leaders. Address inquiries to: Paul R. Needham, Department of Zoology - Fisher- ies, University of California, Berkeley 4, California. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Branch of Fishery Biology 1. Survival and Vitality of Hatchery-reared Trout in Streams The objectives of this project are to assess the survival and physical vitality of rainbow trout hatched and reared at several hatcheries and tested under a variety of controlled outdoor and laboratory conditions, and to deter- mine the factor or factors in the hatcheries and in the field that limit their survival. California Department of Fish and Game and Nevada Fish and Game Commission cooperating; Convict Creek Experinnent Station; began July 1956, indeifnite; $13,000; Reed S. Nielson, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Reed S. Nielson, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 118 West 2nd Street, Room 26, Reno, Nevada. 2. Productivity of High Sierra Lakes The objective of this project is to investigate the relationship between physicochemical influences and biological productivity and to develop new field and laboratory methods and techniques for the assessment of lake pro- ductivity. California Department of Fish and Game and Nevada Fish and Game Commission cooperating; Convict Creek Basin; began July 1953, indefinite; $13,000; Norman Reimers, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Reed S. Nielson, as in No. 1 above. 10 CALIFORNIA (Cont. ) U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, River Basin Studies 1. Northwestern California Coastal Streams This project was initiated to make basin wide surveys of the fish popula- tions in the several streams of the north coast of California where water de- velopments are proposed. The investigations have concentrated on the abun- dance and' time of upstream and downstream nnovement of salmon and steelhead trout. California Department of Fish and Game and the U. S. Bureau of Recla- mation cooperating; Eel and Klamath Rivers; began June 1954, indefinite; $39,000; Warren H. Nord, Leader. Address inquiries to: Regional Director, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, P.O. Box 3737, Portlands, Oregon. COLORADO Game and Fish Department 1. Mosquito Lake Studies Mosquito Lake has an area of about two acres, depth of ten feet, and is located on Grand Mesa at an elevation of approximately 10, 000 feet. The lake is accessible by road and in an area of heavy trout fishing use. It had previously been established that the lake winter -kills. Three different plants of marked creel-size trout were made at different times during the 1956 fishing season. A partial creel census was conducted. An accurate deter- mination of the fish population in the lake was obtained at the end of the 1956 fishing season. Data were obtained on the most suitable planting dates. Ex- periments were conducted to determine the value of underwater lights as a means of estimating the trout population. Delta County; began June 1956, to close April 1957; $500; P. T. Barrows, Leader. Address inquiries to: Colorado Game and Fish Department, 15 30 Sherman, Denver, Colorado. 2. Parvin Lake Studies This is a 6-year study of a heavily fished lake in northern Colorado. A complete creel census of all fishermen was obtained during 5 of these years. Thus, it was possible to obtain complete information on the various experi- mental plants of trout made during this time. Various species, sizes, and numbers of trout were planted at varying times of the year and their subsequent growth and survival followed. In addition, pertinent information was kept on the fishermen and their methods. Some limnological data was collected on the lake. (60 acres, elevation 8,200 ft. ) During this study period, yellow perch became established in the lake and were very abundant by 1955. The study was terminated in October 1955 by draining the lake, both to remove the perch and to estimate the surviving trout population. Larimer Covmty; began May 1949, closed October 1956; $5,000; W. C. Nelson, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: As in No. 1 above. 3. Island and Eggleston Lakes Investigations The objectives are to determine the effectiveness of plants of marked 2 -inch hatchery-reared rainbow trout made in lakes of this type, and to compare the returns to the creel and growth of the 2-inch plants with returns 11 COLORADO (Cont. ) of identifiable plants of creel-size hatchery trout planted in the same lakes. The various plants of trout were marked and a partial creel census was con- ducted to obtain desired data on return to the creel and growth of the fish. Limited limnological data was collected as a part of the study. Delta County; began 1953, to close 1957; $2, 000; P. T. Barrows, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: As in No. 1 above. 4. Channel Catfish Inventory and Transplanting Operation The objectives are to determine the abundance of channel catfish available in western Colorado streams and to crop off as many fish as possible where they are most numerous for transplanting in other waters of the State. A fish toxicant will be used to collect the fish. Some success has been obtained by applying fish toxicants to the streams in small quantities, rescuing the fish and placing them in clean water for recovery. Dolores and San Juan Rivers; began August 1956, closed December 1956; $1,250; T. M. Lynch, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: T. M. Lynch, Colorado Game and Fish Department, 1530 Sherman Street, Denver, Colorado. 5. Exotic Fish Inventory The objective is to determine the survival, growth, and reproductive success of walleye, white bass, drum, northern pike, and redear sunfish which have been planted in Colorado waters during the past few years. The posoibilities of establishing an artificial spawn taking program for walleyes at Bonny Reservoir, Yuma County, are investigated also. Statewide; began January 1956, closed December 1956; $5,280; Robert Jones and Donald Nolting, Leaders; reports available. Address inquiries to: T. M. Lynch, as in No. 4 above. 6. Experimental Use of Fingerling Rainbow Trout in Streams The objective is to obtain data on the survival and growth of plants of hatchery-reared 2-inch rainbow trout made in stream sections where previous census had shown naturally produced trout to be scarce or absent. An elec- trical shocking device was. used to inventory the trout population in a nunnber of Colorado streams. In three locations where naturally produced fingerling trout were absent or scarce, plants of marked hatchery-reared rainbow trout were made. Follow-up inventories by means of an electrical shocking device made in the fall of the year of the plant (fish were planted in June or July) and in the spring and fall of the following year provided information on the growth and survival of the 2-inch marked fish. The work was regarded as preliminary in nature. Depending on the results obtained, further experimental work using fingerling trout in streams was to be conducted. Williams Fork, Eagle River, and Colorado River; began June 1954, closed July 1956; $200; W. D. Klein, Leader. Address inquiries to: W. D. Klein, Colorado Game and Fish Department, 1530 Sherman, Denver, Colorado. 7. The Development of New Fishing Lakes The objective is to develop additional good fishing lakes available for free public fishing. Practically all of Colorado's Dingell- Johnson funds are spent on lake development projects. Suitable sites on Federal lands in the mountain- ous sections of the state offer the best possibilities for development and have been used extensively to date. Prior water commitments of various types (interstate compacts, local domestic and irrigation rights, etc. ) offer many 12 COLORADO (Cont. ) problems in connection with the Colorado Lake development program. State funds are used to expand the program over what the Dingell- Johnson funds alone will permit. Approximately 1, 000 acres of additional fishing water will have been developed by the end of 1957. Statewide; began 1951, continuing; $200, 000; reports available. Address inquiries to: As in No. 1 above. 8. Rawah-Maclntyre High Lakes Studies The objective of this cooperative 3-year project is to evaluate the effects of fertilization on the trout populations of some Colorado mountain lakes. Six lakes are intensively studied, the investigational activities including fish popu- lation sampling, limnological studies, and population estimates. In the future food and feeding relationships will be added to the project and will involve the use of a radioactive isotope of phosphorous. Colorado A and M College cooperating; Roosevelt I^ational Forest, Lari- mer County; began June 1956, to close October 1958; $3,000; Wesley C. Nelson, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Wesley C. Nelson, Colorado Game and Fish De- partment, 1530 Sherman Street, Denver 3, Colorado. 9. Skaguay Reservoir Studies Detailed information is obtained on the fish and fishermen as well as for pertinent physical, biological, and ecological conditions in a fluctuating water reservoir as a basis for better fish management in waters of this type. The Skaguay study involves experimental plants of marked kokanee salmon and rainbow trout. Growth, returns, and spawning observations are recorded. All available means of sucker control are practiced and the results recorded. All fishermen are checked both in and out, all fish nneasured and other per- tinent data recorded Since the reservoir has only one access road an alnnost 100 percent creel census is obtained. Teller County; began May 1952, indefinite; $8, 000; Ivan I. Wescoatt, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: W. D. Klein, as in No. 6 above. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Office of River Basin Studies 1. Creel and Economic Census The purpose of these studies was to determine recreational use, fishing harvest, and monetary expenditures by fishermen and persons accompanying them. The information will be used in the Curecanti unit and Seedskadee project reports by the Fish and Wildlife Service to express an evaluation of the fishery resources in the project areas. Data were collected by several crews each assigned to a specific reach of stream or streams and in one case a reservoir was included. The survey was conducted during a 3-month period of the fishing season, and each crew followed a work schedule designed to make sampling uniform in respect to time and space coverage. Total counts of fishermen were made and harvest and economic data were gathered from personal interviews of fishermen con- tacted at random in the study areas. The interviewers recorded this infor- mation on standard fornns provided by the Service. Colorado Game and Fish Department and Wyoming Game and Fish Com- mission cooperating; Curecanti unit - vicinity of Gunnison, Colorado, and Seedskadee project - between Green River and LaBarge, Wyoming; began June 1956, to close February 1957; $16,300; Arthur B. Eustis, Leader. Address inquiries to: Arthur B. Eustis, U. S. Fish ctnd Wildlife Service, Building 40, Denver Federal Center, Denver 2, Colorado. 13 CONNECTICUT State Board of Fisheries and Game 1. A Creel Census on Wononskopomuc Lake The objective is to determine the species of trout best suited for stocking in Connecticut trout lakes, the age class best suited for stocking and the period or periods most effective for stocking. Equal numbers of brook, brown, and rainbow trout, both yearlings and 2-year-olds are stocked in Wononskopomuc Lake. The creel census gives approximately 80 percent coverage of the lake. Brown trout have provided the highest returns to the rod for the past 3 years. Recovery has varied from 60 to 80 percent. Northwestern Connecticut; began December 1953, to close November 1957; $6,000; Cole W. Wilde, Leader. Address inquiries to: Cole W. Wilde, Federa Aid Coordinator, State Board of Fisheries and Game, State Office Building, Hartford, Connecticut. 2. Yellow Pike -Perch Fishery in Lake Lillinonah The objective is to establish yellow pike-perch in the new 1, 900-acre im- poundment on the Housatonic River in western Connecticut. Approximately 20, 000, 000 pike-perch eggs were obtained from New York and Ohio. These eggs were hatched in the State fish hatchery in Burlington and 9, 800, 000 day-old fry were stocked in Lake Lillinonah. The extent of survival has not been determined, but six pike-perch taken during sampling operations in October averaged 9^ inches long. Western Connecticut; began November 1955, to close November 1958; $4, 000; James P. Galligan, Leader. Address inquiries to: James P. Galligan, Supervisor of Fisheries Man- agement, State Board of Fisheries and Game, State Office Building, Hartford, Connecticut. 3. Investigation of the Candlewood Lake Rainbow Trout Population The objective is to determine the recovery rate of stocked adult rainbow trout and the contribution of other sources of rainbow trout to the fishery. Three thousand 2-year-old rainbows were tagged and stocked last year. In addition to the tagging of adults, all rainbows of hatchery origin have been fin-clipped. This includes yearlings from the federal hatcheries for lake stocking and state fingerlings stocked in two tributary streams. By identifying every stocked rainbow with a mark or tag over a period of four to five years we can determine to what extent the naturally spawned wild trout contribute to the fishery. Also to be determined is the numbers of fingerlings and yearlings appearing in the catch. Western Connecticut; began June 1955, to close 1959-1960; $5, 000; James P. Galligan, Leader. Address inquiries to: James P. Galligan, as in No. 2 above. 4. Control of Submerged Vegetation The objective is to control submerged vegetation in ponds where the density of these "water weeds" makes fishing or boating difficult or impossible. Submerged vegetation is treated with 5 parts per million of sodium ar- senite. This is sufficient to kill most submerged weeds with the exception of Myriophyllum, sp. , which is treated with 7 parts per million. Statewide; began May 1956, closed July 1956; $3,788; Cole W. Wilde and James P. Galligan, Leaders. Address inquiries to: Cole W. Wilde, as in No. 1 above. 14 CONNECTICUT (Cont. ) Sea Run Brown Trout Study The objective is to determine the distribution and abundance of sea- run brown trout in coastal streams and to develop this fishery by increasing the numbers of fish and create Salter runs in at least two test streams. Coastal streams and Connecticut River tributaries; began November 1955, to close November 1958; $9,894; James P. Galligan, Leader. Address inquiries to: James P. Galligan, as in No. 2 above. Reclamation of Trout Ponds The objective is to reclaim with rotenone those ponds suitable for trout management. Four ponds were reclaimed in 1956. These were Greenfalls Reservoir, 47 acres; Mohawk Pond, 16 acres; Norwich Pond, 27 acres; and Uncas Lake, 70 acres. These ponds were treated with one part per million of emi;Isifiable rotenone and will be restocked with fingerling rainbows and browns as soon as they are no longer toxic. Statewide; began August 1956, closed October 1956; $5,000; James P. Galligan and Cole W. Wilde, Leaders. Address inquiries to: James P. Galligan, as in No. 2 above. Operation Alewife The objective is to attempt to establish land-locked alewives in several lakes in the State. The land-locked form of the alewife is already established in more than a dozen lakes. These small, 2- to 5-inch alewives furnish excellent forage for trout, bass, and pickerel. An attempt is being made to establish this species in five lakes by transferring adult sea-run fish during April and May. Spawn- ing has in all cases been excellent and the young-of-the-year alewives are still in the ponds. Whether these fish will remain in the ponds until they reach spawning age is as yet not known. Statewide; began April 1956, indefinite; $1, 500; James P. Galligan and Cole W. Wilde, Leaders. Address inquiries to: James P. Galligan, as in No. 2 above. DELAWARE Board of Game and Fish Commissioners 1. Pond Construction The objective is to increase the available public fishing area in Delaware by the construction of ponds. These ponds are constructed on previous mill- pond sites. Adeqxiate public parking and access areas are obtained in con- junction with the construction. The new ponds are stocked with a combination of bass and bluegills as they are completed. Statewide; began July 1956, to close June 1957; $90, 000; Norman G. Wilder, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to; Jay L. Harmic, Board of Game and Fish Commis- sioners, Dover, Delaware. 2. Acquisition As privately owned fishing areas become available at suitable costs, they are acquired for public usage. These acquisitions include land for parking and access to public fishing waters, ponds and areas for launching along the Dela- ware River and Bay, and on freshwater ponds. 15 DELAWARE (Cont. ) Statewide; began July 1956, to close June 1957; $35, 000; Norman G. Wilder, Leader. Address inquiries to: Jay L. Harmic, as in No. 1 above. 3. Freshwater Developments and Maintenance The objectives are: (1) To increase the available fishing area on both marine and freshwaters by the installation of parking areas, launching ramps, and access roads, and (2) to insure continued public use of public fishing ponds in Delaware by the installation of launching ramps and public access areas. Statewide; began July 1956, to close Jxine 1957; $35, 000; Henry P. Gofer, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Jay L. Harmic, as in No. 1 above. 4. Marine and Freshwater Investigations This is an omnibus project which provides for the scientific study of marine and freshwater fisheries problems and for the investigation of possi- bilities for the development of the sport fisheries. Statewide; began July 1956, to close June 1957; $25, 000; Franklin Daiber and Jay L. Harmic, Leaders; reports available. Address inquires to: For marine investigations - Franklin G. Daiber, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware. For freshwater investigations - Jay L. Harnnic, as in No. 1 above. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Branch of Fishery Biology 1. Survey of the Ocean Fisheries off Delaware Bay A survey of the sport and commercial ocean fisheries in the coastal waters of southern New Jersey, Delaware, and the eastern shore of Maryland. Results include description of fishing grounds; methods of fishing; species composition of catch; measurement of total catch, effort, and catch per unit effort; and value of the fisheries in terms of investment and monetary return. Delaware Department of Fish and Game, Marine Laboratory, University of Delaware and New Jersey Division of Fish and Game cooperating; Newark, Delaware; began January 1952, to close October 1957; $7,000; F. G. June, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: F. G. June, U. S. Fishery Laboratory, Beaufort, North Carolina. FLORIDA Game and Fresh Water Fish Gommission 1. Lake and Stream Survey The objective of this project is to catalog the lakes over 150 acres in size and the major streams of the State. This will be used to plan future fisheries work and furnish a guide for the fishermen of the State. Statewide; began May 1954, to close June 1957; $23, 136; Edward Grittenden, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Edward Grittenden, Game and Fresh Water Fish Gommission, Tallahassee, Florida. 2. Fish Management Investigations The over -all objective of this program will be to test conventional and experimental fishing gear to determine whether effective control of undesirable 16 FLORIDA (Cont. ) fish populations can be obtained and if this will result in improved sports fishing. Statewide; began September 1953, to close June 1958; $42,177; Melvin Huish, Leader. Address inquiries to: Melvin Huish, P. O. Box 569, Leesburg, Florida. 3. River Basin Fisheries Investigation The objectives are: (1) To re-evaluate field data collected by the Fish Management Division from 1947 to 1953. Also, to re-evaluate data from pre- vious studies conducted by the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Office of River Basins. All of this re-evaluated data will be compiled in terms of present hydrological conditions. (2) To determine the effects of ditching and diking, particularly in the highly productive littoral zones. (3) To determine the effects of fluctuating water levels and its effect upon the fishery resource as a whole. (4) To gather supplementary economic data. (5) To compile, analyze, and mesh data from this study with concurrent studies being carried out by the Fish and Wildlife Service and the Game Management Division of the Commission. All this data will be incorporated in reports to the flood control agencies. (6) To expand the survey to include other areas under con- sideration by the flood control agencies upon which they will request recom- mendations. Also, to expand the survey to include follow-up studies after the initial report is completed, and to make recommendations on future manage- ment, development, and access sites for the public. Central and South Florida Flood Control District; began February 1956, to close November 1958; $37,297; Jim Counselman, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Jim Counselman, Game and Fresh Water Fish Com- mission, P. O. Box 1838, Vero Beach, Florida. 4. Electrical Fish Control The project includes: (1) Study of characteristics of electrical fields in natural waters and factors affecting these fields. (2) Design and construction of testing devices for measuring and determining the behavior of electricity in natural waters. (3) Design and construction of high frequency, pulsating, and sonic accessory components to be installed on present models of electrical fishing devices. (4) Modification of present models of electrical fishing units to increase efficiency. (5) Construction of an electrical fish control lujit to be a practical fish management and rough fish control tool. (6) Laboratory and field experiments with behavior of fishes subjected to electrical treatment. Statewide; began July 1956, to close June 1959; $44,223; Timothy O'Connell, Leader. Address inquiries to: Tinnothy O'Connell, P. O. Box 114, Okeechobee, Florida. University of Miami, Marine Laboratory 1. Statistics of Marine Fish Landings The objective is to make available amounts and value of Florida marine fish landings. Landings are reported by months, by species, and by counties in a regular manner so short- and long-term fluctuations can be easily seen. Many species in these landings are sport as well as commercial fishes. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Florida State Board of Conservation cooperating; statewide; began 1950, continuing; $4, 000; C. P. Idyll and Billy F. Greer, Leaders; reports available. Address inquiries to: Director, Marine Laboratory, University of Miami, 439 Anastasia Avenue, Coral Gables, Florida. 17 FLORIDA (Cont. ) 2. Fisheries Education (Ft. Myers Fishing School) The objective is to interest high school students in the commercial fishing occupation, biological and technological fisheries research, and ultimately to expand the interest in fishery products and sport fishing through publicity. These aims are implemented by regular instruction by Marine Laboratory staff and by providing field trips to centers of commercial fishing and research activities . State Board of Conservation cooperating; Ft. Myers, Florida; began March 1956, indefinite; $1, 000; C. P. Idyll, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: As in No. 1 above. 3. Saltwater Ganne Fishing In order to provide an accurate estimate of the value of saltwater game fishing to Florida this project was begun. The project consists of interviewing anglers, charter and party boat captains, and fishing camp operators in an effort to determine the expenses, both direct and indirect, connected with this sport. The interviews are carried out by conservation agents and the analysis by the scientific staff of the Marine Laboratory. In addition, a survey of fish- ing by use of spears on the Florida Keys has been initiated by Laboratory staff members. State Board of Conservation cooperating; statewide; began January 1955, to close March 1957; $21,700; C. P. Idyll, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: As in No. 1 above. 4. Life Histories of Marine Fish The biological aspects of several marine species of fish (snook, Centro- pomus undecimalis; weakfish, Cynoscion nebulosus; tarpon, Tarpon atlanticus; sailfish, Istiophorus nigricans) are under study to provide a sound basis for maintaining and increasing the catches of these fish. These studies involve age and growth, food habits, migrations, spawning habits , abundance, and catch-per-unit of effort. State Board of Conservation cooperating; Southern Florida; $16, 000; C. P. Idyll, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: As in No. 1 above. U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, Jacksonville District, South Atlantic Division 1. The Biological Effects of Freshwater Discharge Into St. Lucie Estuary, Florida St. Lucie Canal is the major outlet for floodwaters from Lake Okeechobee. This study is designed to determine biological conditions in the estuary before, during, and after discharge periods. Trawl, net, and seine samples will be taken at selected stations under various discharge conditions, and these data will be correlated with the station salinities, temperatures, and turbidities. With the present drought conditions no discharges are expected to be made through St. Lucie Canal this coming year. Therefore, the opportunity is avail- able during this first year of study to ascertain the biological conditions and the various seasonal changes therein that normally occur in the estuary for later comparison with mid- and post-discharge conditions. Began September 1955, continuing; $3,200; District Engineer, Leader. Address inquiries to: District Engineer, Corps of Engineers, Jackson- ville District, Jacksonville, Florida. 2. The Application of Heated Fishing Docks to South Atletntic Division Reservoirs This project involved a compilation of available information on heated fishing docks, as constructed and used on Oklahoma reservoirs, for use by Corps of Engineer personnel, biologists, concessioners, and fishermen 18 FLORIDA (Cont. ) concerned with southern innpoundments. The purpose of the report was to acquaint these groups with (1) the possibilities, which have been successfully demonstrated elsewhere, of increasing both the fisherman catch and the total number of annual fishing days, and (2) the means of providing comfortable as well as successful winter fishing. Hdqtrs. Jacksonville, Florida; began June 1956, closed September 1956; $100; Division Engineer, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Division Engineer, South Atlantic Division, Corps of Engineers, Atlanta, Georgia. Study of the Spawning Migrations of Mullet Through St. Lucie Lock and Dam, Florida This study will furnish supplementary data for a second year on the annual spawning run of mullet from Lake Okeechobee through St. Lucie Canal to the ocean. Following a fish kill during the peak of the 1955-56 run, emergency 24-hour operation of the lock as a fish ladder was necessary from December 13 to January 3 to assist spawners downstream. Certain precautionary measures have been adopted to insure safe passage for this fish during future runs, but more information is needed. Beginning November 1, 1956, daily observations of fish movement, concentrations of fish, weather conditions, and the number of lockages necessary for fish passage will be recorded throughout the down- stream and return runs. St. Lucie Lock and Dam near Stuart, Florida; began December 1955, continuing; $500; District Engineer, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: As in No. 1 above. GEORGIA Game and Fish Commission Trout Stream Managennent Investigation General objectives of this project include: (1) to survey the streams of North Georgia and determine which are suitable for trout, (2) to determine the utiliza- tion of these streams by the anglers, and (3) to evaluate the data obtained and prepare management recommendations for those streams that maintain trout populations. In addition to general physical, chemical, and biological surveys, an in- tensive creel census is conducted on the streams of the Wildlife Management Areas. All trout placed in the streams are marked before being stocked to facilitate identification by the creel census clerks. North Georgia; began March 1953, to close June 1959; $25,800; Terrence J. Merkel, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Charles E. Lane, Jr. , Federal Aid Coordinator, State Game and Fish Commission, 412 State Capitol, Atlanta, Georgia. Reservoir Management Investigations The general objectives are: (1) to determine the composition of the fish populations, (2) to determine the size and species of fish caught and angling success, (3) to determine the portion of the fish population removed by fish- ing and, (4) to evaluate the use of various types of commercial fishing gear on game and rough fish. This work is being done on four large impoundments in the northeastern part of the State. A creel census and tagging study is underway on each reservoir as well as selected limnological studies. 19 GEORGIA (Cont. ) Clark Hill, Allatoona, Jackson, and Sinclair Reservoirs; began October 1954, to close June 1957; $36,929; W. W. Thomaston, Leader; reports avail- able. Address inquiries to: Charles E. Lane, Jr. , as in No. 1 above. 3. Evaluation of Pond Managennent Practices The general objectives are to determine the causes of pond failures and to evaluate the effectiveness of the following managennent techniques in the Pied- mont and Coastal Plains Regions of Georgia; (1) removal of a portion of the fish population, (2) removal of the entire population and restock with desired species, (3) fertilization, (4) weed and algae control, (5) construction of in- flow diversion ditches, (6) corrective stocking, and (7) the use and amounts of agricultural lime. Considerable work has been done on water quality and its relation to fish production. Thsi project is divided into two independent sections, each working in one of the two major soil types within the State. The Piedmont Plateau and Coastal Plain; began October 1954, to close June 1957; $42,060; Howard D. Zeller, Leader, Piedmont Plateau, and Alex B. Montgomery, Leader, Coastal Plains; reports available. Address inquiries to: Charles E. Lane, Jr. , as in No. 1 above. 4. Fisheries Survey The general objectives of the project are: (1) to provide information on the physical, chemical, and biological features of the State's public water areas; (2) to provide information on species composition of the fish popula- tions, distribution of the principal game fish, and data on age and growth of these fish; (3) to determine the extent and effects of pollution on aquatic life and game fish populations; and (4) to provide recommendations for manage- ment and future investigational and developmental work. Statewide; began July 1956, to close June 1959; $70,903; James H. Padfield, Leader. Adress inquiries to: Charles E. Lane, Jr. , as in No. 1 above. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Branch of Game-fish and Hatcheries 1. Fishery Management Surveys The objective of this study is to develop fish management plans based on surveys for specific water areas. Priority is given to Federally controlled areas such as Fish and Wildlife Service Refuges, National Forests, Veterans Administration facilities, defense installations, and Indian reservations. Headquarters - Atlanta, field work in the 12 southeastern States compris- ing Fish and Wildlife Service Region 4; began 1951, continuing; Marvin A. Smith, Robert T. Webb, and Braden Pillow, Leaders. Address inquiries to: U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Branch of Game- fish and Hatcheries, Atlanta 23, Georgia. 2. Technical Assistance in Fish Cultural Activities Assistance is given to fish cultural personnel in the solution of biological problems of hatchery management, such as weed control, fertilization, disease, water quality, and initiating new or improved techniques. Fish stocking ac- tivities are reviewed for correlation with State Conservation Department practices and to direct the distribution of Federally produced fish in accordance with Fish and Wildlife Service policy and known fishery management needs. Headquarters - Atlanta, field work in 12 southeastern States comprising Fish and Wildlife Service Region 4; began 1950, continuing; Jack Snow, 20 GEORGIA (Cont. ) Marvin A. Smith, James R. Fielding, Robert Webb, amd Braden Pillow, Leaders. Address inquiries to: As in No. 1 above. 3. Farm Pond Demonstration Program A series oi ponds are seined and analyzed for population balance. Ponds in different stages of balance are selected and a demonstration is arranged for interested Soil Conservation Service personnel and farm pond owners. In addition to this visual demonstration of balanced and unbalanced fish popula- tions, proper management techniques are demonstrated. An effort is also made to show interested persons the effects of improper management. Soil Conservation Service cooperating; Headquarters - Atlanta, field work in the 12 southeastern States comprising Region 4 of the U. S. Fish and Wild- life Service; began August 1955, continuing; Robert T. Webb, Leader. Address inquiries to: Regional Director, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Peachtree - Seventh Building, Atlanta 23, Georgia. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Branch of Fishery Biology 1. Biochemistry of the Waters off the South Atlantic Coast of the United States The objective of this project is to determine the distribution and concen- tration of nutrients and the relation between these nutrients and the distribution and concentration of fishes as a means of delimiting potentially productive waters. Game and Fish Commission cooperating; Headquarters - Brunswick; began February 1953, continuing; William W. Anderson, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: William W. Anderson, Chief, South Atlantic Fishery Investigations, P. O. Box 28 3, Brunswick, Georgia. 2. Biological Inventory of Waters off the South Atlantic Coast of the United States The objective is to determine the presence, identity, distribution, and inter -relationships of marine forms in the area as an aid in understanding the presence, abundance, availability, and fluctuations of the fishes. Special attention is directed to the distribution and abundance of fish eggs, larvae, and juveniles. Georgia Game and Fish Connmission and Florida State Board of Conserva- tion cooperating; headquarters - Brunswick; began February 1953, continuing; William W. Anderson, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Williann W. Anderson, as in No. 1 above. IDAHO Department of Fish and Game 1. Biological and Economic Survey of Fishery Resources in Lake Pend Oreille This project, in its sixth year, is designed to measure the effects of Albeni Falls Dam, located on the outlet of Lake Pend Oreille, and Cabinet Gorge Dam, located on the inlet or principal tributary, on the very important sport and commercial kokanee fishery and upon the sport trout fishery. Creel census and biological surveys, including age -growth, length frequency, and spawning escapements of the kokanee, and limnological studies of the lake, are used to evaluate the fishery and the effects of the dams. Statistical analyses of all creel census data are made. 21 IDAHO (Cont. ) Washington Water Power and Corps of Engineers cooperating; Bonner and Kootenai Counties; began June 1951, to close April 1959; $15,000; Charles Whitt, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: James C. Simpson, Chief of Fisheries, Idaho Department of Fish and Game, 518 F-ont jtreet, Boise, Idaho. 2. Cocolalla Lake Fisheries Restoration This project is aimed at the restoration of a 770-acre trout lake and will include land acquisition for public access, construction of a migration-block dam in the outlet from the lake, eradication of all fish in the lake, restocking with trout, and development of the area for public use. Bonner County; began June 1956, to close July 1958; $50, 000; Paul Jeppson, Leader. Address inquiries to: James C. Simpson, as in No. 1 above. 3. Mountain Lakes The objectives of this project are to make available for better public use a number of mountain lakes not presently available for recreational use because of the difficulty of access or because of improper or lack of directional or designational signs. About 30 miles of trail, both all-purpose and foot, will be constructed into a wilderness area in the Sawtooth Mountains to provide access for recreational use of the area, including angling use to about 30 lakes. A number of signs will be constructed to help the public find trails to lakes, in both this as well as other areas not marked at the present. U. S. Department of Agriculture, U. S. Forest Service cooperating; Central Idaho; began June 1956, to close December 1957; $20,000; Forrest R. Hauck, Leader. Address inquiries to: James C. Simpson, as in No. 1 above. 4. Fisheries Investigations on Bear Lake This study is designed to determine nnanagement policies for the sport fishery involving rainbow, cutthroat, and mackinaw trout and several species of whitefish. Utah State Agricultural College cooperating; Southern Idaho and northern Utah; began January 1953, closed December 1956; $5,000; William J. Clark, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Jannes C. Sinnpson, as in No. 1 above. 5. Fisheries Investigations of Henry's Lake The objectives are to determine the causes and extent of natural mortality of the cutthroat trout of an important lake fishery thereby providing manage- ment data. Fremont County; began March 1954, closed December 1956; $6, 000; Donald Andriano, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: James C. Simpson, as in No. 1 above. 6. Clearwater River Fisheries Investigation This is a study of the steelhead rainbow trout in a nnajor river system in Idaho, designed to determine its contribution to the sport fishery both as adults returning from the sea and as fingerling trout prior to migration to the sea. Life history, identification, stream populations and migration studies are involved. Catch and economics of the fishery are also being measured. Central Idaho; began June 1954, to close June 1957; $30, 000; Leon Murphy, Leader. Address inquiries to: James C. Simpson, as in No. 1 above. 22 IDAHO (Cont. ) 7. Statewide Fishing Harvest Survey Under this project all licensed Idaho anglers are sampled for fishing intensity and harvest data through the use of a questionnaire. Intended use of the findings is for management of sport fisheries on a statewide or large- area basis. Statewide; began September 1954, indefinite; $3,000; Forrest R. Hauck, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: James C. Simpson, as in No. 1 above. 8. Experimental Rough Fish Control This study is designed to determine economical methods of harvesting non- game fish species and ways in which they might be used. The effect of partial removal of rough-fish populations on game fish is also being measured. Various types of trapo and nets are being evaluated as to their ability to catch fish so that they may be used in waters where the more conventional method of taking fish in seines cannot be used. Life history data of the species of non-game fishes \inder study are also being collected. Lake Lowell, Lake Wilson, and American Falls Reservoir; began De- cember 1954, to close December 1957; $25,000; Monte Richards, Leader. Address inquiries to: James C. Simpson, as in No. 1 above. 9. Silver Creek Stream Improvement The objective of this project is to evaluate several types of improvement structures in Silver Creek. Every few years this stream is swept clean of the aquatic vegetation, Chara principally, which provides cover for the rainbow trout populations. The improvement structures are of K-dam, sheet- piling, and concrete block (tongue and groove) construction, and are so placed that pools will be formed to replace the loss of cover. Blaine County; began September 1954, to close November 1958; $5, 000; Robert Irving, Leader. Address inquiries to: Jannes C. Simpson, as in No. 1 above. 10. North Idaho and Boundary County Lake Development In these projects nine trout lakes were restored to recreational angling by treatment of the waters and restocking with trout. In addition, a public dock and boat launching area were developed on Pend Oreille Lake, making possible the safe launching of boats adjacent to a public camp ground. Conner and Boundary Counties; began August 1954, closed September 1956; $16,000; Paul Jeppson, Leader. Address inquiries to: James C. Simpson, as in No. 1 above. 11. Rehabilitation of Stanley Lake The restoration of this 200-acre lake to recreational trout angling involved the construction of a fish migration block in the outlet, eradication of the fish in the lake, and restocking with rainbow trout. The migration block is a low, concrete dam on the outlet. Fertilization experiments are planned on the lake. Productivity measurements will be made when a nitrogen deficiency is over- come and the four basic elements are brought into balance. Custer County; began July 1954, to close September 1957; $3300; Robert Irving, Leader. Address inquiries to: James C. Simpson, as in No. 1 above. 12. Waha and Blue Lakes Rehabilitation Two lakes in north-central Idaho were restored by eradication of rough fish species and restocking with trout. Access roads and a parking and boat- launching area were developed. 23 IDAHO (Cont. ) Nez Perce County; began August 1955, closed Decennber 1956; $7400; Leon Murphy, Leader. Address inquiries to: Jannes C. Simpson, as in No. 1 above. University of Idaho 1. A Study of the Influence of Logging on Trout Streams in Northern Idaho The purpose of this project is to measure the effects of logging and asso- ciated activities on certain physical, chemical, and biological features of streams within the drainage areas. Two pairs of streams have been under investigation for two years. One of each pair will be logged in the next few years, the other will be left uncut for another five or six years, to serve as a control. Measurements on all streams will continue on a maintenance basis and will include temperature, flow, turbidity, sedimentation, oxygen, alka- linity, pH, conductivity, production of bottom organisms , age, growth, abxin- dance, and food habits of the fish populations. Potpatch Forests, Inc. and U. S. Forest Service cooperating; St. Joe and North Fork Rivers; began June 1955, to close 1965; $2, 000; Virgil S. Pratt, Leader. Address inquiries to: Virgil S. Pratt, Idaho Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho. 2. A Fishery Survey of Priest Lake, Idaho The objectives are to measure the production and sport catch of cutthroat, Dolly Varden, and lake trouts, and kokanee in Priest Lake and to determine the cause or causes of the decline of the cutthroat population. The project embraces general studies of certain limnological features of the lake and de- tailed studies of the fish populations. Included are investigations of game fish production and catch, food habits, spawning activities, age and growth, and contribution of the tributaries to the game fish population of the lake. Idaho Fish and Game Department cooperating; Bonner County; began June 1955, to close Febrxiary 1957; $5,000; Ted C. Bjornn, Leader. Address inquiries to: Virgil S. Pratt, as in No. 1 above. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Branch of Fishery Biology 1. Effect of Light Waves on the Migration of Salmon Finger lings This project has three objectives: (1) To study the effect of light on guiding downstream migrants, (2) To determine the most effective type of light source for guiding fish, through experiments with different light arrays, and (3) To determine whether practical installations can be made at water-use projects. Redfish Lake, Salmon River, Idaho; began 1954, to close 1957; $8802; D. R. Craddock, Leader. Address inquiries to: Clinton E. Atkinson, Chief, Pacific Salmon Investi- gations, 2725 Montlake Blvd., Seattle 2, Washington. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Office of River Basin Studies 1. Investigations on Biological Limitations The purpose of this project is to determine the factors controlling the pro- duction of fish in a stream. The factors studied are the physical character- istics of the stream and the water, the quantity of and quality of spawning areas, and the kind and amount of food available to the fish. Salmon River; began September 1955, indefinite; $12, 000; Arthur S. Hale, Leader. Address inquiries to: Regional Director, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, P.O. Box 3737, Portlands, Oregon. • 24 ILLINOIS Department of Conservation 1. Mississippi River Survey Fisheries biologists are collecting creel data and locating possible access sites along the 573-mile stretch of the Mississippi River bordering Illinois to determine its present use and further development of the sport fishery. Illinois Natural History Survey cooperating; Mississippi River and back- waters bordering Illinois; began April 1956, to close March 1958; $28, 000; Robert F. Klant, Leader. Address inquiries to: William C. Starrett, Illinois Natural History Sur- vey Laboratory, Havana, Illinois. 2. Collection of Commercial Fisheries Statistics Fisheries biologists are collecting data by personal contact with commercial fishermen in order to obtain accurate commercial fisheries statistics which have definite values for administration in development and management phases of the over-all fisheries resources in the State. Illinois Natural History Survey cooperating; statewide; began January 1953, continuing; $7, 000; Sam A. Parr, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Sam A. Parr, Superintendent, Division of Fisheries, 102 State Office Building, Springfield, Illinois. 3. Creation of New Fishing Waters Creation of artificial lakes with the primary usage designated as sport fishing is continuing using state and Federal Aid funds. Several lakes have been completed and more are planned. Statewide; began July 1946, continuing; $500, 000; Sam A. Parr, Leader. Address inquiries to: Sam A. Parr, as in No. 2 above. 4. Fish Management on Illinois Waters Fisheries investigations, management services, and development proce- dures are being performed on water areas throughout the State. Statewide; began July 1950, continuing; $125,000; Sam. A. Parr, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to; Sam A. Parr, as in No. 2 above. Illinois Natural History Survey 1. Tests of Commercial Fertilizers for Improving Fish Ponds The improvement in pond fishing resulting from the addition of commercial fertilizers is being studied. Southern lUinoisj began 1947, indefinite; Donald F. Plansen, Leader. Address inquiries to: Donald F. Hansen, 276 Natural Resources Building, Urbana, Illinois. 2. Responses of Several Common Fishes to an Annual Artificial Lake Level Man- ipulation Several artificial lakes are subjected to annual drawdowns in order to determine the effect of such drawdowns upon several common species of warm- water fishes including largennouth bass , snnallmouth bass, bluegills, green suniish, redear sunfish, warmouth bass , and black bullheads. Statewide; began 1950, indeifinite; George W. Bennett, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: George W. Bennett, 271 Natural Resources Building, Urbana, Illinois. 25 ILLINOIS (Cont. ) 3. Ecology of Stream Fishes The objective is to investigate the factors which control the relative abun- dance of various kinds of fishes in small swift streams of upland Illinois, with special emphasis on the amallmouth bass and other fishes of interest and importance to sport fishermen. Jordan Creek is in east-central Illinois and is a base point for studies because its flow may be spanned by weirs for controlling the movement of indigenous fishes. Other streams, mainly in central Illinois, are being studied. Illinois Department of Conservation cooperating; central Illinois; began 1949, indefinite; R. Weldon Larimore, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: R. Weldon Larimore, 277 Natural Resources Building, Urbana, Illinois. 4. Commercial Fishing and Sport Fishing Yields from a Bottomland Lake Ad- jacent to the Illinois River For six years, Chautauqua Lake near Havana, Illinois, has been cropped with commercial fishing tackle of various kinds. At the same tinae, the lake has been open to controlled hook-and-line fishing. Illinois Department of Conservation and the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service cooperating; Havana; began 1950, indefinite; William C. Starrett, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: William C. Starrett, Illinois Natural History Survey, Havana, Illinois. 5. Smallmouth Bass in Warm-Water Ponds To discover the factors that control populations of smallmouth bass in typical warm-water ponds in Illinois, a number of ponds have been stocked with smallmouth bass alone or in combination with other kinds of fishes. Warm water in itself does not seem to be a limiting factor as far as the smallmouth bass is concerned. Central Illinois; began 1946, indefinite; George W. Bennett, Leader. Address inquiries to: George W. Bennett, as in No. 2 above. Quincy College 1. Bottom Faxina of the Middle Mississippi River in Relation to Navigation Struc- tures and Practices The objective is to study the effects of water-level variation in a naviga- tion pool on bottom organisms. Year-round collections were made in the river and in a connected secondary channel over a 2 -year period; one year in which the water level was maintained at all times, and one year in which the water level was drawn down 4 feet during the winter. National Science Foundation Grants cooperating; Cottonwood Chute and Mississippi River Pool No. 21, opposite Quincy; began November 1954, closed November 1956; $3500; Troy C. Dorris, Leader. Address inquiries to: Troy C. Dorris, Department of Zoology, Oklahoma A. and M. , Stillwater, Oklahoma. Southern Illinois University 1. Comparison of the Growth of Redear Sunfish and Bluegill Frona Lake Murphys- boro A study of the growth of these species that were stocked in Lake Murphys- boro at the same time to determine if it is desirable to continue stocking the redear sunfish in this region. 26 ILLINOIS (Cont. ) Lake Murphysboro; began June 1956, closed October 1956; $500; Darrell Louder, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Cooperative Fisheries Management Research Laboratory, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois. 2. Sedation of Fish Populations This' investigation concerns the use of chemicals to stun wild or native populations of fish as a fish management technique. Illinois Department of Conservation cooperating; Southern Illinois University; began September 1955, closed December 1956; $1,000; Bruce Muench, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: As in No. 1 above. 3. A Study of Gizzard Shad Populations A study of the grouth, length-frequency distribution and other pertinent data on this important forage species. Illinois Department of Conservation cooperating; southern Illinois; began May 1952, closed September 1956; $350; reports available. Address inquiries to: Same as in No. 1 above. 4. Fish Population of Big Creek A Study of the fish population of a small stream in the Ohio River drainage. Illinois Department of Conservation cooperating; Big Creek watershed; began June 1953, closed August 1956; $700; reports available. Address inquiries to: As in No. 1 above. 5. Life History of the Steel-colored Minnow, Notropis whipplii A study of the life history of this shiner. Illinois Department of Conservation cooperating; southern Illinois; began June 1956, to close October 1957; $350; William M. Lewis, Leader. Address inquiries to: As in No. 1 above. 6. Contributions to the Life History of the StoneroUer, Campostoma anomalum A study of the life history of this important bait species. Began November 1955, closed December 1956; $900; James C. Schmulbach, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: As in No. 1 above. 7. A Study of Horseshoe Lake to Determine Managennent Methods A study of the lake and its present fish population in order to provide a basis for management recommendations. Illinois Department of Conservation cooperating; Horseshoe Lake; began Jvine 1956, closed October 1956; $3,000; Bruce Muench, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: As in No. 1 above. 8. Loss of Fish Over Spillways Fish lost over the spillways of two local lakes are caught in traps and are counted and measured. Illinois Department of Conservation cooperating; Little Grassy and Lake Murphysboro; began April 1954, closed July 1956; $300; Darrell Louder, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: As in No. 1 above. 27 ILLINOIS (Cont. ) 9. Creel Census of Crab Orchard Lake, Horseshoe Lake, and Lake Murphysboro The project consists of a creel census of boat fishermen to assist fisher- men in locating the lakes in which fish are biting, to determine changes in har- vest from year to year, and to indicate managennent needs. Illinois Department of Conservation cooperating; southern Illinois; began May 1951, continuing; $1400. Address inquiries to: As in No. 1 above. 10. Localized Fertilization on New Thonnpson's Lake This project involves fertilization of a small lake to increase growth of fish without producing nuisance conditions on the swimming beach. New Thompson's Lake Fishing Club and Illinois Department of Conserva- tion cooperating; southern Illinois; began Jxine 1956, to close October 1957; $600; Vernon W. Cole, Leader. Address inquiries to: As in No. 1 above. 11. Treatment of Acid Ponds in the Pyatt Strip Mine Area Acid ponds are treated with hydrated lime or other chemicals to produce fish habitat and to find the method of managing such ponds for best results. Sport Fishing Institute, Southern Illinois Coal Strippers Association and Illinois Department of Conservation cooperating; southern Illinois; began June 1956; indefinite; $750; Vernon W. Cole, Leader. Address inquiries to: As in No. 1 above. Forest Preserve District of Cook County 1. Management and Development of Fishing Waters in the Cook County Forest Preserve The Forest Preserve District carries out fish surveys, aquatic weed control, and other fish management activities. It prepares engineering plans and makes improvements on existing waters as well as constructs new ones. Illinois Department of Conservation cooperating; Cook County; continuing; $38,500; David H. Thompson, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Roland F. Eisenbeis, Superintendent of Construc- tion, Forest Preserve District of Cook County, 536 North Harlem Avenue, River Forest, Illinois. INDIANA Division of Fish and Game A Chemical, Physical, and Biological Survey of the Muscatatuck River Data are being collected in the following phases of the project: composi- tion and relative abundance of the fish population; migration of stream fishes; abundance and distribution of forage fishes; age and growth studies; physio- graphy and land use; pollution and its effects; and fishing pressure on streams of this system. Fish populations at 100 sites within the watershed have been sampled by use of DC electro-fishing gear. Eight to ten more sites will complete this phase of the project. Indiana Board of Health cooperating; southeastern Indiana; to close June 1957; H. E. McReynolds, Leader. Address inquiries to: Indiana Fisheries Research Laboratory, Versailles, Indiana. 28 INDIANA (Cont. ) 2. A Continuing Creel Census of an Innpo\indinent A creel census was initiated in June 1955, to collect data on the 1500-acre lake on the Willow Slough State Game Preserve. Objectives include an accu- mulation and analysis of the fishing pressure, total angler yield, nnovement of fisiics, and year-to-year fluctuations in the fish populations. This impound- ment is open to year-round fishing with the excpetion of the waterfowl season. Murphy Lake on the Willow Slough State Game Preserve, Newton County; began June 1955, to close September 1959; H. E. McReynolds, Leader. Address inquiries to: H. E. McReynolds, Indiana Fisheries Research Laboratory, Versailles, Indiana. Indiana University 1. Seasonal Mortality Rates in a Bluegill Population The objective is to determine mortality rates in bluegill opoulations at dif- ferent seasons of the year. The experiments are being carried out in control- led ponds. They involve a multiple marking technique by which mortality rates can be estimated over short periods of tinne. Began 1955, to close 1957; Joseph Hanegan, Leader. Address inquiries to: Joseph Hanegan, Department of Zoology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana. 2. Effect of Temperature on the Digestion of Food by Bluegills Bluegills are fed a weighed amount of food, exposed to temperatures ranging from 5° to 20° C. , and sacrificed at intervals to determine the amount of food digested. Began 1956, to close 1957; Russell Malcolm, Leader. Address inquiries to: Shelby D. Gerking, Department of Zoology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana. 3. The Efficiency of Food Utilization by a Fish Population Bottom fauna and fish populations are bemg studied simultaneously. Esti- mates of food consumption by the fish will be compared directly with the amount of food available. The experiment is being conducted on a small 8-acre lake in northern Indiana. National Science Foundation cooperating; Wyland Lake; began May 1955, to close May 1957; $10,000; Shelby D. Gerking, Leader. Address inquiries to: Shelby D. Gerking, as in No. 2 above. 4. The Sensory Basis of Homing in the Longear Sunfish The importance of the olfactory and visual senses upon homing is being studied by displacing fish from their home range. The fish are either blinded or have the olfactory epithelium destroyed before displacement. Richland Creek, began June 1956, to close 1958; Gerald E. Gunning, Leader. Address inquiries to: Gerald E. Gunning, Department of Zoology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana. St. Marys College 1. Food Habits and Distribution of the Larvae of the Marine Lamprey, Petromyzon marinus, in Rivers Flowing into Lake Michigan The objectives are to establish the food habits and distribution of the marine lamprey during larval stages. St. Mary's College and the University of Notre Dame; began June 1955, 29 INDIANA (Cont. ) to close June 1957; $300; Clarence F. Dineen and Alan Rick, Leaders; reports available. Address inquiries to: Clarence F. Dineen, St. Mary's College, Notre Dame, Indiana. University of Notre Dame 1. A Phylogenetic Study of the Centrarchid Fishes Based on Their Ecology and a Statistical Analysis of Osteological Variations The objectives are to relate contemporary forms with fossils, and to determine the phylogenetic relationships based on osteology and ecology, and to compare the results with established relationships based largely on external characteristics. American Academy of Arts and Sciences cooperating; St. Mary's College and the University of Notre Dame; began Jiine 1955, to close 1958; $600; Clarence F. Dineen and Paul S. Stokely, Leaders; reports available. Address inquiries to: Paul S. Stokely, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana. IOWA State Conservation Commission 1. New Lake Construction The objective is to provide all forms of water recreation especially in localities in the State that do not contain useable lakes or impoundments. The Fish and Garne Division through its Fisheries Section stocks the lakes and supervises fish management. Statewide; continuous; C. L. King, Leader. Address inquiries to: K. M. Madden, Superintendent of Fisheries Section, East 7th and Court, Des Moines, Iowa. 2. Lake and Stream Public Access The objective of the project is to provide free public access to lakes and streams for angling and other recreational purposes. Acquisition of tracts of land adjacent to good fishing waters is undertaken whenever such tracts be- come available. Statewide; continuing; L. P. Bailey, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Lester F. Faber, East 7th and Court, Des Moines, Iowa. 3. Statewide Undesirable Fish Control Reduction or elimination of undesirable fish population to improve sports angling is the goal. Permanent fish traps, small mesh seines, electro-fishing gear, drainage, partial and complete chemical suffocants are used. Statewide; began 1909, continuing; $60, 000; C. O. Farrel, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: K. M. Madden, as in No. 1 above. 4. Angling Instructions The objective is to teach productive methods of catching panfish as an aid in improving game fishing through species control. Commission employees participate in Kid Fish Days, Fishing Clinics (for all ages), as well as radio and television programs, and press releases are prepared. 30 IOWA (Cont. ) Statewide; continuing; $6,000; C. L. King, J. R. Stoker and F. G. Harker, Leaders. Address inquiries to: K. M. Madden, as in No. 1 above. 5. Lake Manawa Restoration Water \was originally supplied to Lake Manawa by the direct inflow of Mosquito Creek and flood flows of the Missouri River. Mosquito Creek was channeled away from the lake and the construction of several flood control reser- voirs on the Missouri River above Lake Manawa has greatly lowered its flood stage. To supply water to the lake a permanent diversion structure was placed in Mosquito Creek and 8, 000 feet of 48-inch underground pipe was laid from the structure to the lake. Pottowattamie County; began December 1955, closed November 1956; $303,000; Darrell M. Hill, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Glen G. Powers, East 7th and Court, Des Moines, Iowa. 6. Creation of New Water Areas On new areas created for waterfowl, measures are taken to provide habi- tat for game fish. These areas are then stocked. The fishery becomes an important by-product of the waterfowl areas. Statewide; began 1953, continuing; L. P. Bailey and C. L. King, Leaders; reports available. Address inquiries to: Lester F. Faber, as in No. 2 above. 7. Aquatic Weed Control Surveys are conducted to determine the nature and extent of weed growths in lakes as well as the cost involved and need for control. Weed control oper- ations are carried out under State direction. Chemical control has been found to be most economical and effective. Statewide; began June 1955, continuing; $10,000; E. T. Rose, F. G. Harker and C. L. King, Leaders; reports available. Address inquiries to: E. B. Speaker, East 7th and Court, Des Moines, Iowa. 8. Natural Nursery Lakes The objective is production of advanced walleye and northern pike finger - lings for statewide predator fish stocking to directly aid public fishing and species control efforts. Growth curve analysis is used to dictate frequency of fingerling removal. Statewide; continuing; $16,000; F. G. Harker and Tom Moen, Leaders. Address inquiries to: K. M. Madden, as in No. 1 above. 9. Creel Census of Natural Lakes and Mississippi River The objective is to deternnine the success of anglers on the Mississippi River and several major Iowa lakes. Nine creel census clerks gather catch statistics including partial and total creels. Aerial counts of bank and boat fishermen are taken co-operatively by Iowa, Illinois, and Wisconsin on the Mississippi River in addition to the ground contacts. Statewide; revised April 1955, continuing; $20,000; E. T. Rose, Tom Moen and R. E. Cleary, Leaders; reports available. Address inquiries to: E. B. Speaker, as in No. 7 above. 10. Exploratory Fishing on Mississippi River The objectives are to determine population trends of the principal game 31 IOWA (Cont. ) and non-game fishes, the extent of exploitation, length-weight relationships, and species connposition of the catch. This was a joint effort of the member states in the Upper Mississippi River Conservation Committee. Wisconsin and Illinois Conservation Departments cooperating; began June 1956; $4000; R. E. Cleary, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: E. B. Speaker, as in No. 7 above. 11. A Population Study of Walleyes A long-term walleye fry stocking experiment now in its twelfth year is coupled with this study. In addition to the fry, a limited number of fingerlings have been stocked from nursery units. The progress of the walleye population has been followed by extensive gillnetting during the spawning run and through the summer surveys with 500 feet of l/4-inch seine. A total walleye popula- tion estimation of this lake will be made again in 1956. Began April 1944, continuing: $500; E. T. Rose and Tom Moen, Leaders; reports available. Address inquiries to: E. B. Speaker, as in No. 7 above. 12. Rough Fish Studies This project involves a general collection of data on carp, buffalo, sheeps- head, and gizzard shad. The primary portion of this study has concerned food habits, but data have also been collected on ecology, age and growth, repro- duction, sexual maturity, number of eggs per fish and condition factors in an over-all effort to determine the interrelations existing between rough fish and their environment and between rough fish and game fish. Began January 1946, continuing; $1, 000; Tom Moen, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: E. B. Speaker, as in No. 7 above. 13. The Value of Stocking Walleyes in Iowa Streams The object of this investigation is to study the possibility of supplementing our stream fisheries by the introduction of hatchery-reared walleyes. Stock- ing is on an alternate year basis. Collections of scales are made to determine whether or not the majority of fish caught come from the years in which walleyes are planted. Iowa; began May 1950, continuing; $500; R. E. Cleary and Harry M. Harri- son, Leaders; reports available. Address inquiries to: E. B. Speaker, as in No. 7 above. 14. Factors Affecting Smallmouth Bass Production in Northeastern Iowa This project involves a multi-phase study of the life history and ecology of smallmouth bass in streams. Data are gathered annually on the number of nests seen per mile, condition and location of nests, effect of changed environ- ment, effect of stream flow, turbidity, number of fingerlings per 500 feet of seining, age and growth, and bottom fauna. Effort is also being made to cor- relate good and poor natural hatches with age and survival data on minnows to attempt to discover forage indicator species which will give accurate in- sights into annual reproduction success of the smallmouth bass. Began May 1949, continuing; $2000; R. E. Cleary, Leader; reports avail- able. Address inquiries to: E. B. Speaker, as in No. 7 above. 15. A Study of Hatchery Techniques at Spirit Lake, Clear Lake, and Lansing. The project was set up to study general hatchery procedures as they are concerned with the hatching and stocking of walleye and northern pike. Basic 32 IOWA (Cont. ) data are collected on production (total number of eggs), number of eggs per quart at various stages of development, fertility, temperatures, and number and sex of fish handled. Some experimental work is being carried on in methods of handling both eggs and fish and in the use of sedatives and pituitary glands. Began April 1946, continuing; $750; Tom Moen, Garfield Harker, and Bob Stoker, Leaders. Address inquiries to: E. B. Speaker, as in No. 7 above. 16. Natural Lakes Survey All of the natural lakes managed for angling are surveyed each year. This involves test sening with 500 feet of l/4-inch mesh (bar) seine at several sta- tions on each lake. Pound and gill nets are used to supplement the seine catch. The small-mesh seine hauls are designed to determine primarily the magnitude of reproduction each year, and the nets to determine population fluctuations and status of the adult fishes. Fishes taken are sorted into young-of-the-year and older groups, weighed, measured, and scale samples taken from representatives for age and growth analyses. Data on vegetation, amount of bottom foods (dredge samples), turbidity, and lake chemistry are also obtained. Electro-fishing devices, both AC and DC, were used to supple- ment nets and seines in the population studies in 1956. Statewide; began July 1940, continuing; $7500; E. T. Rose, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: E. B. Speaker, as in No. 7 above. 17. Artificial Lakes Survey A continuing inventory is maintained in the form of an aruiual netting sur- vey, electrical shocker sampling, and limited limnological investigations of the artificial lakes. Although special emphasis is placed on the relative abun- dance of each species and extent of reproduction, other itenns such as age and growth, abundance of bottom fauna, extent and species of vegetation, turbidity, and extent of chemical and thernnal stratification are determined. Southern Iowa; began September 1947, continuing; $3000; James Mayhew, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: E. B. Speaker, as in No. 7 above. 18. Continuing Inventory of the Fishes of Iowa Streams The project involves population trend determinations by netting surveys at fixed stations. Each survey station is visited annually at the same time each successive year to approximate similar ecological conditions. Speci- mens are taken with trap and hoopnets and the data are handled on a catch and weight per net-hour basis. Reproduction indices are gathered at the sta- tion by use of a 25-foot drag seine. The geographical distribution of the various species in the State is recorded. Statewide; began June 1949, continuing; $8000; H. M. Harrison and R. E. Cleary, Leaders; reports available. Address inquiries to: E. B. Speaker, as in No. 7 above. 19. Creel Census of Artificial Lakes The objective is to determine the success of anglers on the artificial lakes in Iowa. In addition to the creel census on six lakes information was gathered from boat liveries on four additional lakes. This technique was designed to (1) census a segment of the angler harvest, (2) compare incomplete with completed fishing trip harvest, and (3) to design an economical means of sampling with the minimum of expense and effort. 33 IOWA (Cont. ) Southern Iowa; May 1956, continuing; $2000; James Mayhew and C. L. King, Leaders. Address inquiries to: E. B. Speaker, as in No. 7 above. 20. Stream Creel Census Two creel censuses are taken in Iowa streams to determine the catch per hour of effort, species composition, and seasonal success of anglers. One census employes the use of "expert" voluntary anglers who fish primarily in waters of northeast Iowa, and the second is a form of spot survey taken at random intervals with departmental help on the Des Moines River and its major tributaries. Began April 1950, continuing; $1500; R. E. Cleary and H. M. Harrison, Leaders; reports available. Address inquiries to: E. B. Speaker, as in No. 7 above. 21. Winter Dissolved Oxygen Studies The objective is to determine whether shallow lakes and streams should be open to promiscuous fishing. Dissolved oxygen samples are taken at regu- lar intervals throughout the winter nnonths on lakes and streams where fish populations are in danger of s-affocation. When oxygen drops to near the lethal point, these areas are open to the public for promiscuous fishing to salvage the fish by spears, dip-nets, and other devices. Began 1956, indefinite; $3500; K. M. Madden and E. B. Speaker, Leaders. Address inquiries to: E. B. Speaker, as in No. 7 above. Iowa State College Effects of Flood and Drought on Fish in an Intermittent Stream Several species of fishes survive in intermittent streams. The present study was undertaken to determine where and how these fish survive the critical flood and drought periods. Methods of sampling these fish populations are being studied. Iowa State Conservation Commission and U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service cooperating; Squaw Creek; began September 1953, closed July 1956; $2500; Kenneth D. Carlander and Andreas A. Paloumpis, Leaders; reports available. Address inquiries to: Kenneth D. Carlander, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Iowa State College, Ames, Iowa. Populations and Movements of Channel and Flathead Catfish in Des Moines River, Boone County In an attempt to get better methods of determining population abundance, several hundred channel and flathead catfish have been tagged with a strap tag on the operculum. Fish have been taken with hoop nets, seines, electric shocker, angling, and combined use of electric shocker and trammel nets. Iowa State Conservation Commission and U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service cooperating; Boone County; began July 1954, to close March 1957; $2800; Kenneth D. Carlander and R. Jess Muncy, Leaders; reports available. Address inquiries to: Kenneth D. Carlander, as in No. 1 above. Data on Fish Growth and Biology Since fishery literature is so scattered, this project attempts to summarize all growth, length-weight, fecxindity, population density and similar data on freshwater fishes of the United States and Canada and to publish tabular sunn- maries in a Handbook and periodical supplements. Iowa State Conservation Commission and U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service cooperating; Ames; began January 1947, indefinite; $800; Kenneth D. Carlander 34 IOWA (Cont. ) Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Kenneth D. Carlander, as in No. 1 above. 4. Life History and Ecology of Carpsuckers, Carpiodes, spp. The role of carpsuckers is little known, even though these fish are abun- dant in many Iowa catfish streams. The present study is an exploratory one to determine relative abundance, habitat selection, growth, and food habits of the species in the Des Moines River. Iowa State Conservation Commission and the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service cooperating; Des Moines River, Boone County; began October 1955, to close July 1957; $2100; Kenneth D. Carlander and Marvin Buchholz, Leaders; reports available. Address inquiries to: Kenneth D. Carlander, as in No. 1 above. 5. Survival and Growth of Young-of-the-year Fish In an attempt to determine the factors which affect the abundance of year classes, the early life history of Clear Lake fishes is being investigated. Weekly collections are made at several portions of the lake, with emphasis on relative abundance, seasonal changes, growth, and food relationships. Iowa State Conservation Commission, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and Sport Fishing Institute cooperating; Clear Lake; began May 1956, to close March 1958; $2200; Kenneth D. Carlander and Richard L. Ridenhour, Leaders; reports available. Address inquiries to: Kenneth D. Carlander, as in No. 1 above. 6. Life History and Ecology of Clear Lake Minnows Although several species of minnows are present in Clear Lake, none of them are very abundant, possibly due to predation by the game fish popula- tions. The present study on the minnows includes weekly collections at several points to determine relative abvmdance, seasonal changes, growth, and food relationships. Iowa State Conservation Commission, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and Sport Fishing Institute cooperating; Clear Lake; began July 1956, to close July 1959; $2200; Kenneth D. Carlander and James McCann, Leaders; reports available. Address inquiries to: Kenneth D. Carlander, as in No. 1 above. 7. Walleye Fry Stocking in Clear Lake Plantings of over 5, 000 walleye fry per acre have been made in Clear Lake in the even numbered years since 1948 with no fry stockings in the odd numbered years, to test the effectiveness of annual fry stockings such as have been made since 1915. Scales are taken each year from adult fish to deternnine year class abundance and to see whether there is a corresponding alternation of abundant year classes. Iowa State Conservation Commission and U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service cooperating; Clear Lake; began 1948, to close 1959; $300; Kenneth D. Carlander, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Kenneth D. Carlander, as in No. 1 above. 8. Fish Population Changes in Clear Lake, Iowa Annual Collections of scales, length-weight data, life history information, and gill net catch records have been made at Clear Lake each summer since 1947. Iowa State Conservation Commission, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Sport Fishing Institute cooperatiiig; Clear Lake; began June 1947, indefinite; 35 IOWA (Cont. ) $1000; Kenneth D. Carlander, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Kenneth D. Carlander, as in No. 1 above. 9. Effects of Dredging on Shallow Prairie Lakes The Iowa State Conservation Commission has dredged several shallow prairie lakes to decrease winterkill of fish, eliminate weedy shallows, and to increase recreational values. This study was initiated to investigate the biological effects of the dredging. Considerable attention has been placed on the development of more efficient sampling designs for estin^ating bottom fauna production. Food habits of the fish have been studied to determine the extent to which various bottom faxina organisms are utilized. Growth and population abundance of the principal fishes are also under study. Iowa State Conservation Commission and U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service cooperating; North Twin Lake, near Rockwell City; began May 1951, closed December 1956; $2200; Kenneth D. Carlander and John B. Owen, Leaders; reports available. Address inquiries ta Kenneth D. Carlander, as in No. 1 above. 10. Gizzard Shad Ecology In 1954, gizzard shad increased greatly in North Twin Lake which had been under study for 3 years and gave an opportunity to study the effects of the sudden overabundance. This project is designed to determine fish population dynamics and the ecology of gizzard shad. Iowa State Conservation Commission and U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service cooperating; North Twin Lake, near Rockwell City; began June 1954, closed July 1956; $2200; Kenneth D. Carlander and Joseph H. Kutkuhn, Leaders; reports available. Address inquiries to: Kenneth D. Carlander, as in No. 1 above. 11. Creel Census Methods and Measurement of Sampling Errors Clear Lake, Iowa, like many other lakes, has many access points and therefore a complete creel census is practically impossible. The present project is developing a sampling method which will give a maximum of unbi- ased data for estimating total harvest and success of fishing during the summer months. Fishermen counts are made according to a predetermined pattern. Boat livery records are compared to give an independent check on the esti- mates. Data are being evaluated to determine sizes of samples needed to get estimates within various confidence limits. Iowa State Conservation Commission, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Sport Fishing Institute cooperating; Clear Lake; began July 1953, closed December 1956; $2200; Kenneth D. Carlander and Charles DiCostanzo, Leaders; reports available. Address inquiries to: Kenneth D. Carlander, as in No. 1 above. KANSAS Forestry, Fish and Game Commission 1. Reclamation of Artificial Fishing Lakes A reclamation project is initiated when periodic lake surveys indicate that the species composition and relative abiandance of the fish of a lake are such that they are responsible for continued unsatisfactory fishing conditions. The fish populations are removed from such lakes by draining and seining, or through eradication with fish toxicants. Habitat improvement is practiced in 36 KANSAS (Cont. ) these lakes by the establishment of a vegetative cover on the exposed basins as a means of improving the fertility of the water when the lakes refill. After refilling, these lakes are properly restocked with largemouth bass, channel catfish, bluegills, andcrappies. Statewide; began July 1939, continuing; Roy Schoonover, Leader. Addiess inquiries to: Dave Leahy, Director, Forestry, Fish and Game Commission, PratL, Kansas. Farm Pond Reclamation and Management Project The Connmission's objective in this program is to improve farm pond fish- ing over the State. The construction of better ponds with more emphasis on their use for recreation is being encouraged through educational and informa- tional media. The Commission cooperates with pond owners by assisting in the removal of the fish populations from old ponds so that restocking can be accomplished. Other phases of the project are to make recommendations and give assis- tance on various management practices including the improvement of physical features of old ponds, aquatic plant control and the clearing of water in turbid ponds . Statewide; began July 1948, continuing; Roy Schoonover, Leader. Address inquiries to: Dave Leahy, as in No. 1 above. Fish Population Control on Rooks County State Lake In this 67-acre artificial lake a high percentage of the crappie, bluegill, and drum population was composed of small, slow-growing fish. The water level of this lake was low, 25 surface acres, enabling the removal of large numbers of these fish by a drag seine. The object of the project was to relieve competition on the remaining fish population with hopes of improving their growth rate. A follow-up age and growth study will be made to determine the feasibility of this type of operation during 1957. It is realized that seining is only a temporary measure for improvement even when large numbers of fish are removed, but a complete lake rehabilitation project wanted to be deferred until a desirable fish population was established in a newly created, nearby federal impoundment. Began May 1956, closed May 1956; Frank Schryer, Leader. Address inquiries to: Dave Leahy, as in No. 1 above. Artificial Propagation of the Walleye The objectives of the project were to determine if the walleye could be artificially hatched in Kansas, and to devise a technique for their production in adequate numbers. Spawners were captured by gill netting in the Fall River Reservoir. Walleye fry were successfully obtained, but egg handling methods from parent fish to hatching jar must be improved before substantial production can be achieved. Fall River; began February 1956, indefinite; Frank Schryer, Leader. Address inquiries to: Dave Leahy, as in No. 1 above. Strip-mine Lake Survey and Management Project Physical, chemical, and biological studies are being continued on the strip-mine water in southeastern Kansas for the purpose of collecting data needed as a basis for management procedures designed to develop greater fishing opportunities in this area. Main emphasis is now being placed on the reclamation of strip-mine lakes for fishing, and on the use of practical management procedures which include total eradication of fish populations, spot eradication, and shoreline removal 37 KANSAS (Cont. ) with fish toxicants. These operations are followed by subsequent restocking or corrective stocking. This project has been expanded considerably and now includes several hundred acres of water owned by coal mining companies. Under the provisions of a cooperative agreement, the mining companies are pernnitting public access to these lakes which are being managed by the Commission. More emphasis is now being placed on an evalioation of the results of this project. Test netting studies of lakes under management, growth-rate studies, and creel censusing are being used for this evaluation. Kansas State Teachers College , Pittsburg, cooperating; southeastern Kansas; began Jxine 1951, continuing; Charles Burner, Leader; reports avail- able. Address inquiries to: Dave Leahy, as in No. 1 above. 6. Construction of Public Fishing Lakes The objective of this program is to create additional lakes to help satisfy the need for more fishing water in Kansas. The land is acquired and dams are constructed to provide artificial impovindments . As these lakes fill, warm- water species offish includng largemouth bass, channel catfish, crappie, and bluegill are stocked. Statewide; began July 195 3, continuing; Dave Leahy, Leader. Address inquiries to: Dave Leahy, as in No. 1 above. University of Kansas 1. Survey of Farm Ponds in Douglas Co\uity, Kansas The study has three phases: (1) inventory of the number and sizes of farm ponds in the county, based upon aerial photographs made available by the U. S. Soil Conservation Service; (2) estimation of the real interest in pondfish pro- duction, based upon response to questionnaires sent to pond owners; (3) inquiry into the extent of application and results of pondfish-management recommenda- tions that have been available to pond owners for several years, based upon personal interviews, and seining or poisoning of several ponds. Fish obtained fronn each pond are identified, and the relative abundance and growth rates of principal species are ascertained. Some ponds will later be used for experi- ments with different stocking connbinations and management procedures. Began September 1955, to close June 1957; $2000; Claude Hastings, Leader. Address inquiries to: Frank B. Cross, Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas. 2. Parasites of Catfish in Eastern Kansas This study seeks information on the incidence and kinds of parasitism in channel catfish, black bullheads, yellow bullheads, and certain other species of catfish, based upon specimens obtained from streams, farm ponds, and larger reservoirs in eastern Kansas. Began April 1956, to close June 1957; $500; Clarence Harms, Leader. Address inquiries to: Frank B. Cross, as in No. 1 above. 3. Study of the Channel Catfish in Kansa;;, Evidence on the relative abundance and the growth rate of channel catfish in approximately 30 impoundments of varying sizes has been obtained, and is being interpreted in terms of (1) differences in physical characteristics of the impoundments, and (2) effects of transfer of stunted channel catfish from Kanopolis Reservoir to other Kansas impoiuidments. The latter aspect of the study relates to work reported as Project 1 of the Kansas Forestry, Fish and 38 KANSAS (Cont. ) Game Commission in the Survey of Sport Fishery Projects for 1954. Most studies have dealt with the larger reservoirs under public ownership, but some information has been gathered on spawning success and growth made by channel catfish in small farm ponds, as well. Fish have been marked by use of opercle-tags or clipped fins, and sonne have been held under observa- tion to ascertain the length of retention of such marks. Kansas Forestry, Fish and Game Commission cooperating; statewide; began February 1954, to close February 1957; $4,320; W. Jackson Davis, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Frank B. Cross, as in No. 1 above. 4. Fishes of Kansas This project is an inventory of the fishes of the State, and is to include descriptions (with keys), distribution maps, and notes on the habitat and abundance of each species. To date, preliminary keys and distribution maps have been prepared, and illustrations have been completed for 60 species, approximately half the number known from Kansas. Collecting of fishes and compilation of pertinent literature continue. Statewide; began July 1951, to close 1958; $500; Frank B. Cross, Leader. Address inquiries to: Frank B. Cross, as in No. 1 above. KENTUCKY Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources 1. Warm-water Stream Investigations The objective is to determine the effectiveness of total population eradica- tion and restocking in two streams. During the four years of study there has been a gradual reversion to the original population composition. The study will also determine the effectiveness of partial population removal in a stream. Evidence indicates that this method holds little promise as a desired manage- ment tool. North Fork River, Whippoorwill Creek, Floyd's Fork Creek; began February 1952, to close March 1957; $12,070; James R. Charles, Leader; re- ports available. Address inquiries to: Minor Clark, Director, Division of Fisheries, Frankfort, Kentucky. 2. Farm Pond Investigations This project is to determine the species of fish stocking rates which should be applied to provide maximum fishing success in Kentucky farm ponds. The State was divided into six regions based on soil types. In each soil region a series of ponds has been stocked with various bluegill and largemouth bass or shellcracker and bass combinations each year for the past five years. Each summer these ponds are test seined to determine balance and scale samples are taken from several selected ponds to check growth rates. These data are analyzed to determine the species combination and soil type that registers the highest degree of success. Statewide; began November 1950, to close May 1958; $22,000; John F. Hall, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Minor Clark, as in No. 1 above. 39 KENTUCKY (Cont. ) 3. Small Lake and Stream Investigation and Management The project contains three objectives: (1) To determine by the mark and recovery method and subsequent total eradication of the pcnd's fish population, the standing crop (pounds of fish per acre) in the different soil regions of Kentucky. (2) To determine the best kinds, proper amounts and best methods of application of rotenone to insure eradication of total population of fish when restocking is the desired method of producing a desirable fish population. Eight methods of application, three concentrations and three different poisons are being used. (3) To determine the general population composition of a number of streams in Kentucky. An electric seine and rotenone are being used. Statewide; began September 1955, to close 1958; $13,000; James B. Kirkwood, Leader. Address inquiries to: Minor Clark, as in No. 1 above. 4. Investigations and Management of the Herrington Lake Fishery The chief objective of the project is to gather basic information for use in the evaluation of various managennent measures contemplated. To this end, an extensive creel census is in progress. Also, age and rate of growth of the more important game and pan fishes are being determined by scale methods, and the species composition of the fish population is to be determined within the limitations of rotenone cove sampling. Selective rotenone poisoning of gizzard shad is being investigated as a management tool for the Herrington Lake fishery. The effectiveness of aerial applications of powdered and emulsifiable rotenone, as well as sub-surface applications of rotenone, for shad control are being evaluated. Herrington Lake; began March 1956, to close February 1958; $19,000; William A. Smith, Jr. , Leader. Address inquiries to: Minor Clark, as in No. 1 above. LOUISIANA Wild Life and Fisheries Commission 1. Fish Population Investigation The objective is to gather information relative to status of fish populations in Louisiana. Included in this project are reproduction studies, determination of growth rate of young of the year largemouth bass, white crappie and black crappie; age and growth studies, tagging studies, and comparison of esti- mated age and growth rate of fish with their known age and growth. Statewide; began February 1953, to close June 1958; $50, 000; Victor Lambou, Leader. Address inquiries to: Victor Lambou, Route 3, Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, Louisiana. 2. Fish Populations and Aquatic Conditions in Polluted Waters The objective is to compile accurate and reliable data on the effects of industrial wastes on the aquatic flora and fauna. An over-all limnological, biological and ecological study is being conducted on the Ouachita River in northeast Louisiana. Ouachita River; began July 1954, to close June 1958; $22,437; James T. Davis, Leader. Address inquiries to: James T. Davis, Monroe Fish Hatchery, Sterlington Road, Monroe, Louisiana. 40 LOUISIANA (Cont. ) An Evaluation of Commercial Gear The objective is to test the various types of gear available to determine the most effective gear for removal of commercial, forage, and trash species. Statewide; began September 1955, to close September 1957; $23,207; James T. Davis, Leader. Address inquiries to: James T. Davis, as in No. 2 above. MAINE Department of Inland Fisheries and Garne 1. A Study of Lake Trout in Thonnpson Lake This project was designed to parallel corresponding work conducted on Cold Stream Pond, Enfield, Maine, to ascertain whether or not similar results would be obtained. Lake trout are trapped and tagged, weighed, and measured on the annual spawning migrations each fall. Creel census data, taken both summer and winter, will provide data sufficient for population estimates and mgration studies. Intensive field work on the lake will provide additional information relative to food studies, age and growth, population density, and seasonal depth variations due to food requirements. University of Maine cooperating; Androscoggin and Cumberland Counties; began October 1955, to close September 1959; $1,873; Stuart E. DeRoche, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Stuart E. DeRoche, 19 Joy Street, Springvale, Maine. 2. Socatean Stream Trout Study The objectives are: (1) To determine the migration dates and water temp- eratures of spawning trout from Moosehead Lake. (2) To determine the migra- tion dates of young trout returning to the lake. (3) To evaluate the contribu- tion of the stream to the lake fishery. (4) To determine the ratio of stream resi- dent trout to migrating fish. (5) To provide additional data on the success of natural reproduction. A weir has been constructed and operated this year and will be for three years. University of Maine cooperating; began July 1956, to close November 1960; $3,000; Roger P. AuClair, Leader. Address inquiries to: Roger P. AuClair, Box 146, Rockwood, Maine. 3. Age and Growth of Smelt in Maine Inland Waters The objectives are: (1) To determine if the size difference exhibited by various smelt populations in inland waters are the result of variations in growth rate. (2) To determine the average life span of smelt in inland waters. (3) To determine age at maturity. (4) To determine if there are significant differences in time and extent of spawning migrations of various size and age groups. University of Maine cooperating; statewide; began May 1955, to close May 1958; $4,500; Robert S. Rupp, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Robert S. Rupp, Fishery Office, University of Maine, Orono, Maine. 4. Investigation of Philonemiasis in Salmonids The project involves a life history study of the dracunculid nematode, Philonema agubernaculum Sinnon and Simon, 1936, and the pathological affects upon its hosts, i.e. , the landlocked salmon (Salmo salar) and the 41 MAINE (Cont. ) brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). An attempt is being made to deternnine when the host first normally acquires the infection, and whether the fish used in the stocking progrann harbor the parasite. If it is found that the fish acquire the infection prior to being released, the present hatchery practices might possibly be altered so as to produce P. agiibernaculum-free fish. Oquossoc; began June 1956, indefinite; $2,200; W. Harry Everhart, Leader. Address inquiries to: Marvin C. Meyer, 23 Coburn Hall, University of Maine, Orono, Maine. An Investigation of Landlocked Salmon in the Fish River Chain of Lakes This project is designed to gather information on reproduction, migra- tion, early life history, age and growth, and survival of stocked hatchery salmon and will contribute to better management of this species in the study waters and statewide. Trap nets have been operated during the spawning season on a major spawning thoroughfare to obtain detailed data on the spawn- ing migration, reproduction, and characteristics of the spawning run. Scale samples have been collected from the spawning run and by creel census to evaluate age composition and growth characteristics. All hatchery salmon stocked in the Chain of Lakes will be marked for a 3-year period. Evalua- tions of the contribution of stocked fish to the salnnon fishery will be made by creel census, voliantary returns and test netting. University of Maine cooperating; Aroostook County; began July 1955, to close June 1958; $2,000; Kendall Warner, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Kendall Warner, Ashland, Maine. An Investigation of the Fresh-water Fisheries of Mount Desert Island The objectives are: (1) To re-establish an alewife population in Long Pond, Mt. Desert, by stocking ripe adults. The progeny (of stocked spawners) re- turning as adults are being counted. (2) To study returns to the creel, sur- vival, and spawning habits of marked hatchery-reared brook trout and lake Atlantic salmon by stream trapping and creel census. University of Maine cooperating; Hancock County; began May 1950, closed December 1956; $2, 500; Keith A. Havey, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Keith A. Havey, 31 Center Street, Machias, Maine. Preliminary Investigations of Anadromous Brook Trout Populations in Maine The objective is to determine the magnitude, distribution, and character- istics of anadronnous brook trout populations in coastal Maine. Electro- fishing and permanent two-way fish traps are being utilized to conduct the study. University of Maine cooperating; eastern and southern Maine; began April 1956, to close December 1960; $3,000; Keith A. Havey, Leader. Address inquiries to: Keith A. Havey, as in No. 6 above. Statewide Lake and Stream Investigations The objective is to evaluate basic physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of Maine lakes and streams including: (a) Physical and chemical characteristics of Maine lakes and streams in relation to species suitability and productivity, (b) population studies of lakes and streams, and (c) age and growth studies of important species. University of Maine cooperating; statewide; began April 1951, continuing; $40,000; W. Harry Everhart, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Lyndon H. Bond, Fish and Game Department, State House, Augusta, Maine. 42 MAINE (Cont. ) 9. Atlantic Salmon Restoration Restoration of the Atlantic salmon requires habitat restoration to provide free migration for the adults and young. Migrations are influenced by obstruc- tions, pollution, and nninimum flows. River drainages are inventoried in entirety and this background information provides the basis for recommendations for im- proving the runs. Electro-fishing on standardized test areas is conducted each field seasbn to measure population trends in the young fish. Several weirs are maintained and several traps are operated in fishways. Research is confined to a year around operated counting weir on the Edmunds Unit of the Moosehorn Wildlife Refuge, and a unit productivity study on a tributary to the Penobscot River. The hatchery stock necessary for introductions to restored areas is obtained and reared by the Fish and Wildlife Service at their East Orland Fish Cultural Station. Hatchery fish are marked prior to stocking. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service cooperating; headquarters - University of Maine; began July 1948; $22,000; W. Harry Everhart, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: W. Harry Everhart, Fishery Office, University of Maine, Orono, Maine. 10. Chemical Reclamation of Small Ponds for Trout Natural ponds open to public fishing will be chemically reclaimed with rotenone compounds and subsequently managed for trout to improve the quality of fishing. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service cooperating; statewide; began 1955, con- tinuing; $17,000; Robert E. Foye, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Robert E. Foye, Fishery Biologist, Maine Depart- ment of Inland Fisheries and Game, State House, Augusta, Maine. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Branch of Fishery Biology 1. Atlantic Salmon Investigations This is a cooperative study of the estuary of the Sheepscot River to deter- mine its importance in relation to Atlantic salmon. Studies include currents, salinity, river discharge, temperature, bottom fauna, alewives, smelt, herring, clams, marine worms, as well as salmon. River studies include estimation of spawning population and determining time and extent of seaward migration of smolts by means of an upstream-downstream weir which was installed in 1956. Maine Department of Sea and Shore Fisheries, Maine Department of Inland Fisheries, Maine Sea Run Salmon Commission, and the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Clam and Herring investigations cooperating; headquarters - Boothbay Harbor; began January 1955, continuing; $10,000; Walter R. Welch, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Walter R. Welch, Project Leader, Clann and Atlantic Salmon Investigations, U. S. Fishery Laboratory, Boothbay Harbor, Maine. MARYLAND Department of Research and Education 1. Study of Fish Movements The objectives are: (1) To develop a technique for following moving fish, and (2) to use this technique to learn movement patterns of fish in impound- ments, especially Deep Creek Lake, to permit more intensive harvest of these fish. 43 MARYLAND (Cont. ) Deep Creek Lake; began June 1956, to close October 1957; $600; Harold J. Elser, Leader. Address inquiries to: Harold J. Elser, Department of Research and Educa- tion, Solomons, Maryland. 2. Investigations of Growth Rates of Fish in Fresh Waters of Maryland This project is designed to estimate the growth rates of fish in various fresh waters as a reflection of the environmental conditions. Statewide; began 1948, to close 1958; Harold J. Elser, Leader. Address inquiries to: Harold J. Elser, as in No. 1 above. 3. Investigation of Fish Population Structures in Fresh Waters of Marylzmd The objective is to determine the relation between population structure and goodness of fishing. Statewide; began September 1955, to close 1958; Harold J. Elser, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Harold J. Elser, as in No. 1 above. 4. Investigations Useful for Fisheries Management of Deep Creek Lake The objectives are to estimate the harvest of fish, to learn the population structure, and to find out how to improve the population structure. The study also concerns movements, spawning habits, and susceptibility to poisons of undesirable species, especially yellow perch. Deep Creek Lake and Solomons; began 1948, indefinite; $2, 000; Harold J. Elser, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Harold J. Elser, as in No. 1 above. 5. Life History of the White Perch in Maryland Waters With Special Reference to the Patuxent River The objectives are: (1) To learn the reproductive behavior, early develop- ment, and factors, such as salinity and temperature, that are important in the biology of white perch; (2) to determine the movements on a seasonal basis by the mark and recapture method in the Patuxent River; (3) to determine the age distribution and growth of fish, to learn the occurrence of dominant year classes, and to elucidate other features in populations of white perch collected over a period of five years by means of scale analysis; (4) to deternnine the food habits on a seasonal basis and in different parts of its range in estuaries, the occurrence of parasites, and other features in its life history. Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health cooperating; Chesapeake Biological Laboratory; began 1952, to close 1957; Romeo Mansueti, Leader. Address inquiries to: Romeo Mansueti, Chief Fish Biologist, Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, Maryland Department of Research and Education, Solomons, Maryland. 6. Preparation of Detailed Descriptions, Diagnostic Keys, and Scientific Illustra- tions of the Various Stages of Fish Eggs, Larvae and Juveniles in the Identi- fication of Important Species of Chesapeake Bay and Tributaries The objectives are: (1) To depict the species -specific features of the developmental stages of fish so that when they are combined with descriptions they will provide a basis for identification; (2) to fill in the gaps in the know- ledge of the early developmental stages of all species that spawn in Chesa- peake Bay and tributaries so that it will be possible to extend studies of the critical early developmental period in fishes; (3) to obtain and rear from known species the eggs to the juvenile stage where identification is no longer question- able. 44 MARYLAND (Cont. ) National Science Foundation cooperating; Chesapeake Biological Laboratory; began Summer 1954, continuing; Romeo Mansueti, Leader. Address inquiries to: Romeo Mansueti, as in No. 5 above. 7. A Study of the Distribution of Juvenile Yellow Perch in the Severn and Patxixent Rivers The objectives are (1) to ascertain the distribution of juvenile yellow perch in these rivers and to decide the conditions in which they are fo\ind; and (2) to find a means of predicting where juvenile yellow perch can be found in Mary- land tidewater rivers other than the test areas. Chesapeake Biological Laboratory; began 1954, continuing; Romeo Mansueti, Leader. Address inquiries to: Romeo Mansueti, as in No. 5 above. 8. A Survey of the Volumes of Yellow Perch Spawn in Various Tidewater Streams The objectives are: (1) To develop and evaluate methods of estimating yellow perch spawn volunnes in streams; (2) to obtain some measure of the amount of spawning occurring in tidewater streams; (3) to translate these volumes into numbers of eggs; and (4) to compare these numbers with the numbers customarily produced and planted from the Severn Run hatchery. Chesapeake Biological Laboratory; began Spring 1954, continuing; Romeo Mansueti, Leader. Address inquiries to: Romeo Mansueti, as in No. 5 above. 9. A Study of Maryland's Yellow Perch Hatchery Operation The objective is to evaluate the existing techniques used and the practica- bility of hatching and planting yellow perch in Maryland. Chesapeake Biological Laboratory; began 1954, continuing; Romeo Man- sueti, Leader. Address inquiries to: Romeo Mansueti, as in No. 5 above. 10. Patiixent River Spawning Area Study The objectives are: (1) To estimate the total egg production by striped bass during an entire spawning season in the Patuxent River; (2) to develop means of evaluating other surveys of striped bass spawning areas; (3) to provide bases for planning effective programs for future surveys of striped bass spawning with minimum effort and good estimates of the errors involved; and (4) to determine accurately the relationships between striped bass spawn- ing, temperature, and salinity. Chesapeake Biological Laboratory; began spring 1953, continuing; Romeo Mansueti, Leader. Address inquiries to: Romeo Mansueti, as in No. 5 above. 11. An Annotated Account of the Fishes and Fish-Like Craniates of the Fresh Waters of Maryland and the District of Columbia The objectives are: (1) To summarize the 1949, 1950, and 1951 statewide ichthyological surveys made in inland waters; (2) to make a much needed contribution to the analysis of the distribution of the present fresh water fish faima; (3) to make available a diagnostic key and illustrations for the identifi- cation of fresh water forms for the first time in a study of Maryland fishes, thereby complementing Hildebrand and Schroeder (1928) which contains keys to estuarine fishes in Chesapeake Bay; and (4) to review past records of fishes and to trace generally the history of the growth of knowledge from the earliest reference to the present. Maryland Game and Inland Fish Commission cooperating; Chesapeake 45 MARYLAND (Cont. ) Biological Laboratory; began Summer 1949, to close August 1953; Romeo Man- sueti. Leader. Address inquiries to: Romeo Mansueti, as in No. 5 above. 12. Maryland Potomac River Inland Fishery Investigations The objectives are: (a) To determine the peak of smallmouth bass spawn- ing season and related information pertaining to associated species; (b) to study gonad development through collections for the purpose of relating this information to objective one; (c) to study age, growth, and condition factors; (d) to make population analyses through migration and quantative and qualita- tive examination of the smallmouth bass fishery; (e) to estimate fishing pressure and total harvest of fish in a 2-mile radius of Lander, on the Potomac River. University of Maryland cooperating; Montgomery, Frederick, Washington, and Allegany Counties; began May 1956, to close June 1957; $12, 993; Albert E. Sanderson, Jr. , Leader. Address inquiries to: Albert E. Sanderson, Jr. , Biologist, Beaver Creek Hatchery, R. D. No. 1, Hagerstown, Maryland. 13. An Investigation of Striped Bass The objectives are: (1) To compare the contribution of each area to the total of the striped bass population; (2) to analyze the effect of licensed and unlicensed net fishing in spawning areas; (3) to determine the upper and lower limits of striped bass spawning in each of the major rivers; (4) to determine the times at which spawning begins and ends and the peaks of spawning intensity in major rivers of Maryland; (5) to determine the migration patterns of striped bass in and from Maryland waters; (6) to deternnine whether there is any merit in protecting striped bass over 15 pounds; and (7) to determine the extent of predation of each size category on other commercial species. University of Maryland and U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service cooperating; Chesapeake Bay and Esterian Rivers; began June 1956, to close July 1957; $14, 000; Edgar H. Hollis, Leader. Address inquiries to: Edgar H. Hollis, Department of Tidewater Fisher- ies, State Office Building, Annapolis, Maryland. University of Maryland 1. A Study on the Gonads of the Striped Bass, Roccus saxatilis, in Chesapeake Bay The purpose of the study is to determine the potential spawning of the striped bass by egg size and egg counts, and if possible to determine the relative viability of the large eggs in different sized fish. Maryland Department of Tidewater Fisheries cooperating; Chesapeake Bay; began August 1955, to close June 1957; J. Frances Allen, Leader. Address inquiries to: J. Frances Allen, Department of Zoology, Univer- sity of Maryland, College Park, Maryland. 2. A Study of the Endocrine Organs of the Striped Bass, Roccus saxatilis A study of the morphology and histology of the thyroid, pituitary and gonads. This is to include the use of certain histochemical techniques to determine if the physiological state of the cells can be estinnated. The series to be used will include as wide a size range of fish as can be obtained as well as seasonal samples. The objectives include study of the development of the above-named struc- tures including size, age and sex variations, and seasonal cycle as can be correlated from the above structures. These are to be interpreted in terms of the reproductive potential of the various size fish if possible. 46 MARYLAND (Cont. ) Maryland Department of Tidewater Fisheries cooperating; began July 1955, to close June 1958; $1,565; Gordon M. Ramm, Leader. Address inquiries to: J. Frances Allen, Department of Zoology, Uni- versity of Maryland, College Park, Maryland. MASSACHUSETTS Division of Fisheries and Game 1. Evaluation of Stream Reclamation for Trout In 1955, three small streanns were reclaimed and subsequently stocked with fingerling trout, plus catchables the following spring. These streams were inventoried in the summer of 1956 using various fish sampling gear. Results were compared with original survey findings, fish samples collected at the time of reclamation, or both. Statewide; began August 1955, closed September 1956; $500; James W. Mullan, Leader. Address inquiries to: James W. Mullan, Division of Fisheries and Ganne, Field Headquarters, Westboro, Massachusetts. 2. Individual Pond and Lake Fliers for Distribution to the Public The objective is to keep the general public abreast of past, present, and future management of 56 specific ponds and lakes, and to stimulate greater harvests of panfishes in some of these waters. Individual one page fliers showing location, access, facilities available, stocking history, and other pertinent information relative to fishing were drawn-up. Some 36, 000 copies were printed and are in the course of being distributed free of charge. Headquarters - Westboro; began February 1956, closed April 1956; $1,000; James W. Mullan, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: James W. Mullan, as in No. 1 above. 3. Trout Pond Reclamation Ten ponds totaling 310 surface acres have been claimed for brook, brown, and rainbow trout. In addition, appropriate research data on mortality, growth, and fishing success for trout fingerlings stocked in reclaimed waters is being accumulated. This is being done by reclaiming and recovering the trout popu- lations from a few previously renovated waters. On some of these waters angler harvest has been followed through creel census. Statewide; began September 1950, continuing; $11, 000; Janaes W. Mullan, Leader. Address inquiries to: James W. Mullan, as in No. 1 above. 4. Stream Investigations The objective is to obtain information for the management of so-called "Salter trout". In 1956, this project consisted of two phases. One phase consisted of the intensive study of four known Salter streams through stock- ing marked fish, creel checks, and population inventory with the electric shocker. The other phase consisted of a reconnaissance survey of most coastal streams to learn whether any of these could be profitably managed for Salter brook trout. Coastal streams; began January 1952, closed December 1956; $15, 000; John H. Ryther, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: John H. Ryther, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute, Woods Hole, Massachusetts. 47 IvlASSACHUSETTS (Cont. ) 5. Quabbin Reservoir Investigations Creel census and population studies on 25, 000-acre Quabbin Reservoir were instigated in 1954 and carried through to date to obtain information relative to harvest, composition, angler success, soundness of regulations, and success of introduced walleyes and lake trout. Results indicate that the experimental spring bass fishing allowed during the last two years has had no detrimental affects on the fisheries. Growth of stocked lake trout is satis- factory and a few are starting to come into the angler catch. The fate of stocked walleyes is not known as yet. Central Massachusetts; began 1954, to close 1958; $7,000; Robert McCaig, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Robert McCaig, Division of Fisheries and Game, Field Headquarters, Westboro, Massachusetts. 6. Creel Census of an Intensively Fished "Two Story" Trout Pond This project involves gathering angler harvest data on Asnacomet Pond (127 acres) which is currently being managed for trout by stocking large size catchable brown and rainbow trout for two years prior to reclamation and for two years after. This year marked the first year of the creel census. Asnacomet Pond; began April 1956, to close October 1959; $3, 000; Robert McCaig, Leader. Address inquiries to: James W. Mullan, as in No. 1 above. 7. Ice Creel Census of Three Large Lakes The objectives are to determine the extent and nature of winter ice fishing on these waters, composition of the catch, and the suitability of regulations as they apply to winter fishing. This is a continuing project which has been in operation for three seasons. Primary information sought revolves about chain pickerel. Lake Onota, Pontoosuc Lake and Cheshire Reservoir; began December 1953, to close March 1963; $1,600; James W. Mullan, Leader. Address inquiries to: James W. Mullan, as in No. 1 above. 8. The Selective Poisoning of a Large "Two Story" Trout Pond Cliff Pond, having 193 surface acres with maximum and coverage depths of 88 and 32 feet, respectively, was successfully partially poisoned in mid- August 1956, to reduce the warm water fish present and improve trout fishing. This was done by treating the epilimnion with emulsifiable rotenone. Gill netting and creel checking indicated a good trout popvilation present, yet only one 10-inch brown trout was killed out of a total of 8, 300 pounds of other fishes destroyed. Cliff Pond; began August 1956, closed August 1956; $2, 000; James W. Mullan, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: James W. Mullan, as in No. 1 above. Bureau of Wildlife Research and Management 1. Warm Water Pond Reclamation The objective is to reclaim 12 warm water lakes or ponds, comprising 762 acres, with rotenone during 1956 and restock them with suitable combina- tions of game and panfishes. Ponds to be reclaimed have been found to be low in predators or game fish and high in undesirable pan or trash fishes. Statewide; began September 1950, continuing; $11,000; Frank Grice, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Frank Grice, Division of Fisheries and Game, Field Headquarters, Westboro, Massachusetts. 48 MASSACHUSETTS (Cont. ) 2. Evaluation of Warm Water Reclamation The objective is to evaluate the success or failure of the warm water recla- mation project, including stocking rates, sjjecies connbinations, effects of re- contamination by other species, growth rates of fishes involved, recruitnrient, and angling success. Creel censuses, test netting and spot-poisoning with rotenone are being utilized to gather statistics on reclaimed waters. A total of 57 lakes or ponds are involved in this project. Statewide; began September 1950, continuing; $6,000; Frank Grice, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Division of Fisheries and Game, Field Headquarters, Westboro, Massachusetts. 3. Evaluation of Fyke-Netting to Control Over -Abundant Pan and Trash Fishes The objective is to determine what effect pan and trash fish thinning with fyke nets has on population structure, age and growth, and fishing success. The effect and costs of this work will be compared to partial poisoning to determine which of these methods of control are the most applicable. About 12 lakes comprising 1500 or more acres are involved in this project. Statewide; began September 1950, cintinuing; $8,000; Frank Grice, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: As in No. 2 above. 4. Evaluation of Partial Poisoning as a Method of Improving Warm Water Fishing Age and growth studies, species composition, and fishing success before and after partial poisoning are being evaluated. In some of the ponds, game fish stocking follows treatment, in others natural recruitment is relied upon to fill the void created in the population. Ponds and lakes with varying species compositions are being studied to assess the effect on these various popula- tions. Approximately eight units involving 1100 acres are involved in this study. Statewide; began September 1950, continuing; $2, 000; Frank Grice, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Frank Grice, as in No. 1 above. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution 1. Biology of the Larger Pelagic Fishes of the Western Atlantic The project is concerned especially with the tunas, marlins, sailfish, dolphins and carangids, particularly with their reproduction, growth from early stages to maturity, distribution, migrations, and feeding habits. Nova Scotia to Gulf of Mexico; began January 1956, to close December 1958; $10,000; William C. Schroeder, Leader. Address inquiries to: William C. Schroeder, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts. University of Massachusetts 1. Management Studies on a Western Massachusetts Marginal Pond The objectives of this project are to furnish brown trout fishing in a pond which has low priority for this species. The pond was poisoned in 1948 and again in 1953 to destroy the abundant crop of suckers, bullheads and other warm water fishes. The pond has been stocked each spring with brown trout, and a voluntary creel census has been kept of the number of hours fished and the fish taken out each year. Department of Conservation cooperating; Franklin County; began January 49 MASSACHUSETTS (Cont. ) 1948, continuing; $200; R. E. Trippensee, Leader, Address inquiries to: Forestry and Wildlife Management Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Branch of Ganne-fish and Hatcheries 1. Fishery Management Surveys The objective is to develop fish management plans, based on surveys, for specific water areas. Priority is given to Federally controlled areas such as Service refuges, National Forests, Veterans Administration facilities , defense installations, and Indian reservations. Headquarters - Boston, field work in the several states comprising Fish and Wildlife Service Region 5; continuing; James C. Otis and Paul L. Hooper, Leaders. Field Offices; Warren, Pennsylvania; Joseph A. Boccardy, Leader and Elkins, West Virginia, Jack D. Larmoyeux, Leader. Address inquiries to: Regional Director, Fish and Wildlife Service, 1105 Blake Building, 59 Temple Place, Boston 11, Massachusetts. 2. Technical Assistance in Fish Cultural Activities Assistance is given to fish cultural personnel toward the solution of bio- logical problems of hatchery management, such as weed control, fertilization, disease, and water quality; and in initiating new or improved techniques. Fish stocking activities are reviewed for correlation with State Conservation Department practices and to direct the distribution of Federally produced fish in accordance with Fish and Wildlife Service policy and known fishery managennent needs. Headquarters - Boston; field work in the several states comprising Fish and Wildlife Service Region 5; continuing; James C. Otis and Paul L. Hooper Leaders. Field Offices: Warren, Pennsylvania; Joseph A. Boccardy, Leader, and Elkins, West Virginia, Jack D. Larmoyeux, Leader. Address inquiries to: As in No. 1 above. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Office of River Basin Studies 1. Survey of Finfish and Shellfish Resources of Narragansett Bay in Relation to Proposed Hurrican Damage Control Barriers The project involves an inventory of the marine life of Narragansett Bay, its utilization, and the ecological relationships of the fauna of the area. Research into the characteristics of the macroinvertebrate life of the Bay and studies of the tolerances of the hard clam to various influences will be under- taken. The ultimate objectives are to determine the probable impact of hurri- cane control structures on the Bay's fauna, devise methods to mitigate any undesirable impacts and enhance desirable ones, and develop a comprehensive record of pre -development conditions in the Bay for post -development refer- ence and comparison. Rhode Island Division of Fish and Game and the University of Rhode Island cooperating; Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island and Massachusetts; began April 1956, indefinite; $20,000; John E. Watson, Leader. Address inquiries to: Regional Director, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 59 Temple Place, Boston, Massachusetts. 2. Allegheny River Creel Census The objective of this project is to develop a pre-impoundnnent assessment of the fishery resources which would be affected by the contemplated Allegheny River Reservoir. A similar project will be undertaken several years after the project is constructed, provided development of the site occurs. 50 MASSACHUSETTS (Cont. ) Headquarters - Boston; Allegheny River and tributaries between Warren, Pennsylvania and Salamanca, New York; began June 1956, to close November 1957; $4,500; Benjamin F. Donley, Leader. Address inquiries to: As in No. 1 above. MICHIGAN Department of Conservation 1. White River Watershed This is an operational prograna designed to improve fishing conditions by the installation of practices and devices on both the uplands and the stream channels of the watershed. Work includes stream improvennent structures (deflectors, covers, dams, etc.), bank stabilization, stream side tree plant- ing, stream side fencing, and cattle crossings. The upland work consists of gully control (check dams, tree planting, and fencing). Newaygo County; began July 1955, continuing; $32,700; Wayne H. Tody, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Wayne H. Tody, Water Conservationist, Depart- ment of Conservation, Lansing 26, Michigan. 2. Pine Creek Watershed This is an operational land use program designed to improve fishing con- ditions by the installation of practices and devices on both the uplands and the stream channels of the watershed. Work includes stream improvenient structures (deflectors, covers, dams, etc. ), bank stabilization, stream side tree planting, fencing, and cattle crossings. The upland work consists of tree planting, fencing, and gully control. Dickinson County; began June 1955, continuing; $31, 000; Wayne H. Tody, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Wayne H. Tody, as in No. 1 above. 3. Lake Inventory The project is a physical-chemical -biological survey of lakes on a state- wide basis to obtain basic information for the management program. Growth rates and habitat requirements of the fish fauna are determined. Statewide; began 1932, continuing; $22, 774; C. M. Taube, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Institute for Fisheries Research, University Mu- seums Annex, Ann Arbor, Michigan. 4. Stream Inventory A physical-chemical -biological survey of streams is conducted to obtain basic information for the management program. Distribution and growth habits of stream fish fauna are determined. Statewide; began 1952, continuing; $18, 978; C. M. Taube, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: As in No. 3 above. 5. Mapping During Open Water Season The project provides maps which show size, depth, shape, and bottom types of inland lakes. Maps are prepared through use of aerial photographs and echo- sounder. They are prepared for use in the management program and for distribution. 51 MICHIGAN (Cont. ) Statewide; began 1953, continuing; $5,693; C. M. Taube, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: As in No. 3 above. 6. Lake Mapping in Winter The project provides maps of inland lakes showing shape, size, depths, and bottom soil types. Maps are prepared for use in the management program and for distribution. Statewide; began 1939, continuing; $21,255; C. M. Taube, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: As in No. 3 above. 7. Age and Growth of Michigan Game Fishes The objective is to deternnine the statewide average growth and sex ratio of each species for comparisons between waters, and to connpare growth in individual waters with statewide averages. Growth in individual waters will be assessed as an evaluation of nnanagement practices. Statewide; began 1932, indefinite; $8,350; William C. Latta, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: As in No. 3 above. 8. Age and Growth Studies, Hxint Creek Growth analysis is made of brook trout in angler's catch fronn various ex- perimental waters and of residual population. Hunt Creek Trout Experiment Station; began 1950, continuing; $6,832; David S. Shetter, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: As in No. 3 above. 9. Age and Growth, Northern Pike By using pike of known age and wild specimens, valid methods of age determinations are developed. Statewide age and growth averages are compiled for comparative purposes. Statewide; began 1950, to close 1957; $759; John E. Williams, Leader; re- ports available. Address inquiries to: As in No. 3 above. 10. Trout Migration Studies, Hunt Creek The extent of movement into or out of experimental sections of Hunt Creek is determined by operation of weirs and maintenance of marking records. Montmorency Coxinty; began 1949, continuing; $8, 350; David S. Shetter, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: As in No. 3 above. 11. Walleye Sport Fishery, Muskegon River System This study of the walleye fishery on the Muskegon River system is concerned with the effectiveness of power danns as barriers, effect of turbines on walleyes passing through them, fate of immature walleyes in Hardy Reservoir, possibility of using an electric screen for walleyes, and nnagnitude and exploitation of spawning run. Most of these data are secured from tagging studies. Lower Muskegon River; began 1947, continuing; $380; Walter R. Crowe, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: As in No. 3 above. 52 MICHIGAN (Cont. ) 12. Walleye Tagging, Inland Waterway Through tagging studies in waters of the inland waterway the need for special regulations, extent of exploitation, walleye abxindance, and migration pattern within the system is determined. Cheboygan and Presque Isle Counties; began 1953, continuing; $380; Walter Crowe, J-ieader. Address inquiries to: As in No. 3 above. 13. Black River Rainbow Trout-Sea Lamprey Research In conjunction with operation of Black River barrier to block spawning run of sea lampreys, its effectiveness as a barrier to the rainbow run is studied. A management program for the rainbow trout through age and growth studies, observations on the extent of spawning above the barrier, and creel census is developed. Backinac County; began 1946, continuing; $4,555; Thomas M. Stauffer, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: As in No. 3 above. 14. Lower Gamble Creek Weirs By tagging studies the migration pattern of brown trout and other species from Devoe Lake and Rifle River through Gamble Creek and diversion is learned. Species composition, numerical abundance, and age and growth of fishes caught in the weirs over a period of years are also followed. Ogemaw County; began 1952, continuing; $380; Howard Cowing, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: As in No. 3 above. 15. Smallmouth Bass in the Great Lakes Waters of Michigan By intensive investigation through study of ecology, exploitation, and distribution proper conservation and management for the smallmouth bass is determined. Waugoshance Point, Emmet County, and other areas; began 1953, contin- uing; $3,036; William C. Latta, reports available. Address inquiries to: As in No. 3 above. 16. Life History - Coaster Brook Trout The objective is to investigate growth, abundance, ecology, exploitation, and conservation of lake -run brook trout from streams tributary to Lake Superior. Marquette and Alger Counties; began 1954, continuing; $759; Merle G. Galbraith, Jr. , Leader. Address inquiries to: As in No. 3 above. 17. Life History and Management of Muskellunge The objectives are to study such life history aspects as age and growth, spawning habits and requirements; obtain creel census information on lakes where muskellunge are native; and to evaluate results of stocking for mainten- ance. Lake St. Clair and other waters; began 1951, continuing; $1,518; John E. Williams, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: As in No. 3 above. 18. Life History, Sea Lamprey The objective is to deternnine the duration of the larval life of sea lampreys, and whether there is a resident population of sea lampreys in Carp Lake. By 53 MICHIGAN (Cont. ) preventing adults from reaching their spawning grounds and trapping downstream migrating recently transformed individuals the duration of larval life is to be determined. The problem of a resident population in Carp Lake is to be re- solved by the installation of a weir at the outlet of Carp Lake. Emmet County; began 1948, to close 1957; $10,248; Vernon C. Applegate and Thomas M. Stauffer, Leaders; reports available. Address inquiries to: As in No. 3 above. 19. Manistee River Watershed This is an operational land use program designed to improve fishing con- ditions by the installation of practices and devices on both the uplands and the stream channels of the watershed. Work includes stream improvement struc- tures (deflectors, covers, dams, etc.), bank stabilization, and stream side tree planting to provide shade. The upland work consists of tree planting and the stabilization of one large gully. Crawford and Otsego Counties; began October 1954, continuing; $24,700; Wayne H. Tody, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Wayne H. Tody, as in No. 1 above. 20. Watershed Surveys and Management Plans The project will feature compilation of technical information on all water- sheds of the State and provide plans for development of improved fishing con- ditions within them. Work will involve the assembly of available information, the classification of watershed areas, establishing detailed priority for work, and developing necessary maps and plans for the management to follow. Statewide; began October 1952, continuing; $40, 000; Wayne H. Tody, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Wayne H. Tody, as in No. 1 above. 21. Importance of Bottom Organisms as Trout Food With Special Emphasis on the Fresh Water Midge (Tendipedidae, Diptera) Square foot bottom samples and 25 sublegal trout were removed from three streams in Michigan during a 13 -month period. The bottom samples are sorted, the volumes of the fauna determined, then statistically treated. The objectives are: (1) To determine the importance of the midge fauna in the diet of trout, (2) the importance of other aquatic insects, and (3) the rela- tionship of No's. 1 and 2 with respect to the seasonal distribution of the square foot bottom samples. Central Michigan College, cooperating; headquarters - Central Michigan College ; began July 1953, to close 1957; $3,500; La Verne L. Curry, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: LaVerne L. Curry, Box 55, Central Michigan College, Mount Pleasant, Michigan. 22. Lake Sturgeon - Creel Census and Biology The objectives are to determine harvest during winter spearing season; collect fin-rays for age determinations; and to compile information on length, weight, sex ratio, and maturity. Burt, MuUett, and Black Lakes; began 1956, to close 1958; $380; Henry J. Vondett, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: As in No. 3 above. 23, Stream Bottom Fauna, Rifle River Improvement Project. The objective is to determine abundance and composition of bottom fauna in Houghton Creek and other tributaries of Rifle River over a period of years 54 MICHIGAN (Cont. ) by quantitative and qualitative sampling. The importance of bottom fauna on trout production is part of the study. Ogemaw County; began 1950, continuing; $5,314; Robert J. Ellis, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: As in No. 3 above. 24. Availability of Fish Food Organisms in Selected Southern Michigan Lakes Year around quantitative and qualitative samples of fish food organisms are taken from selected warm water lakes in Michigan to determine the factors which influence the availability and utilization of fish food organisms. Also, limnological studies on plankton, nitrogen and phosphorus, and chemical characteristics of bottom soils are made. Seven lakes in southern Michigan; began 1952, continuing; $5, 314; Frank F. Hooper, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: As in No. 3 above. 25. Trout Food Studies With Special Emphasis on the Percentage of Midge Larvae in Food. Samples are taken at monthly intervals. Stomach samples are obtained from angler -caught and shocker -caught fish and bottom samples are collected from areas where shocking is done. Hxint Creek, Pigeon River, AuSable River; began 1953, continuing; $1,139; LaVerne L. Curry, Leader. Address inquiries to: As in No. 3 above. 26. Relation of Limnological Conditions to Periodicity of Growth and Change of Condition, Brook Trout in Lakes The objectives are to determine the relationship of plankton and bottom faxina abundance and chemical conditions to growth of fish; and to furnish basic data to be used in determining rate and time of stocking and regulations. Trout lakes in Pigeon River Research Area; began 1957, to close 1959; $2,657; Thomas F. Waters, Leader. Address inquiries to: As in No. 3 above. 27. Parasites and Diseases of Fish Macro- and microscopic examination is made of sick fish in hatcheries with recommendations for treatment. Study and identification of fish parasites and diseases is conducted on a statewide basis. Statewide; began 1942, continuing; $2,657; Leonard N. Allison, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: As in No. 3 above. 28. Check List of Fish Parasites in Michigan Preparation and maintenance of a host parasite distribution list of para- sites foxind in fish from Michigan waters is under way. Statewide; began 1942, continuing; $3,416; Leonard N. Allison, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: As in No. 3 above. 29. Occurrence of Furunculosis in Rainbow Trout From the Great Lakes The incidence and origin of furunculosis is being investigated in "wild" lake-run rainbows, specifically from Lake Huron into the East Branch of the Au Gres River where disease was first reported. Histological examination of preserved kidneys and cultures of fresh material is made when available. 55 MICHIGAN (Cont. ) Streams which support rainbow runs from Great Lakes; began 1952, con- tinuing; $759; Leonard N. Allison, Leader. Address inquiries to: As in No. 3 above. 30. Kidney Disease in Trout in Michigan The objective is to investigate the possibility of establishment of disease in trout in streams and lakes by stocking (accidentally) diseased fish. Control in hatcheries by drugs or by rearing of disease resistant trout is being attempted. Statewide; began 1956, to close 1957; $1,139; Leonard N. Allison, Leader. Address inquiries to: As in No. 3 above. 31. Ecological Study of Red Cedar River The objective is to determine ecological effects of industrial and domestic pollution, flood waters, low stream flow, and wide latitude of ten-iperature on the vertebrate and invertebrate animal population of the stream. A complete physical and chemical analysis of water above and below sources of pollution is made. Animal populations will also be sampled. Began 1955, to close 1957; $2,657; Morris L. Brehmer, Leader. Address inquiries to: As in No. 3 above. 32. Studies on the Use of Toxaphene in Fish Eradication Tests of toxicity to fish and invertebrates will be made in laboratory and in natural waters. Duration of toxicity will also be determined. Selected lakes; began 1954, closed 1956; $2,277; Frank F. Hooper, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: As in No. 3 above. 33. Bioassay of Chemicals Used in Public Waters Laboratory tests are made for toxicity level of chemicals to fish and fish food organisms. Field tests of weed killers, algaecides, and fish poisons are carried on. Hillsdale Hatchery; began 1954, continuing; $2,277; Frank F. Hooper, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: As in No. 3 above. 34. Use of Underwater Swimming Equipment in Fisheries Investigations The objective is to determine practicability of self-contained breathing apparatus in vmderwater photography, fish collecting, ecological observations, and other studies. Selected lakes; began 1954, to close 1958; $6,832; M. G. Galbraith, Jr., Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: As in No. 3 above. 35. Predator-Prey Relations of Warm-Water Fishes By observation and sampling food preferences and feeding habits of northern pike, muskellunge, walleye, largemouth bass , gar, and dogfish are determined. The value of predator fishes in maintaining population balance in lakes is being investigated. Hastings Fisheries Research Station; began 1956, continuing; $9,109; John E. Willianns, Leader. Address inquiries to: As in No. 3 above. 36. General Creel Census This project consists of a random creel census by conservation officers. Statewide; began 1927, continuing; $4,175, K. G. Fukano, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: As in No. 3 above. 56 MICHIGAN (Cont. ) 37. Census, Rifle River Area From records of all angling, angling pressure is determined and trends in angling quality for the whole area are noted. Rifle River Fisheries Research Area; began 1945, continuing; $11, 387; Mercer H. Patriarche, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: As in No. 3 above. 38. Creel Census, Hunt Creek By securing records of all fishing on the experimental area, trends in angling pressure and success are followed. Creel census results are used to evaluate the experimental program. Hunt Creek Fisheries Research Area; began 1939, continuing; $9,109; David S. Shelter, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: As in No. 3 above. 39. Hillsdale Ponds Fishing Experiment A complete angling record is secured under a permit system enabling study of the rate of removal by angling from a known fish population. Hillsdale Hatchery; began 1946, continuing; $2,657; K. G. Fukano, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: As in No. 3 above. 40. Creel Census, Pigeon River Area The project, aided by a permit system secures a complete record of fish- ing on 4. 8 miles of the Pigeon River and from trout lakes on the area. Pigeon River Fisheries Research Area; began 1950, continuing; $5,693; Thomas F. Waters, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: As in No. 3 above. 41. Population Studies, Hunt Creek The objective is to determine residual populations through the use of various estinnation techniques in waters of Hunt Creek drainage at the close of the angling season. Hunt Creek Fisheries Research Area; began 1949, continuing; $2,277; David S. Shetter, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: As in No. 3 above. 42. Fish Population Studies Determination of the size of populations of legal- sized game fish is the basis for interpretation of creel census data, and effects of special regulations. Esti- mation techniques are evaluated by use of mark and recapture methods. Selected lakes; began 1952, continuing; $7,212; Gerald P. Cooper, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: As in No. 3 above. 43. Trout Population - Rifle River Through various techniques the population trends of trout in Upper Rifle River are followed as a method by evaluating effects of watershed improvement. Rifle River; began 1950, continuing; $5,693; Howard Cowing, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: As in No. 3 above. 44. Sea Lamprey Survey The purpose is to deternnine the distribution of sea lamprey ammocoetes for future control, to determine the degree of escapennent of sea lampreys and 57 MICHIGAN (Cont. ) rainbow trout through present control structures and to ascertain other effects of control structures on fishes. Upper Peninsula; began 1955, continuing; $6,832; T. M. Stauffer, Leader. Address inquiries to: As in No. 3 above. 45. Effect of Stream Improvement on Density of Trout Population The objective is to determine effects and merits of stream improvement devices on population density and yield of trout in Pigeon River. Results before and after installation of structures will be compared. Otsego County; began 1953, indefinite; $380; T. F. Waters, Leader. Address inquiries to: As in No. 3 above. 46. Pool Construction as a Tool in Trout Management. Pools were dredged in Pigeon River. Population survey before and after pool construction will help to determine results of this experiment. Otsego County; began 1953, to close 1957; $380; T. F. Waters, Leader. Address inquiries to: As in No. 3 above. 47. Population Manipulation, Big Bear Lake Through netting control abundance of white sucker. The effects of this modification of population structure will be followed by nnark-and- recapture estimates. Otsego County; began 1940, continuing; $380; Walter R. Crowe, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: As in No. 3 above. 48. Fish Population Control by Partial Kill The objective is to determine effects of reduction in nximbers of pan fish by poisoning. Growth rates, yields, and changes in population structure are examined. Fifteen lakes; began 1949, to close, 1961; $10, 628; J. E. Williams, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: As in No. 3 above. 49. Relative Survival of Brown Trout and Rainbow Trout Planted in Spring or Fall The objective is to determine results by planting equal numbers of each species in spring and fall. Results are based on creel census data and popu- lation surveys. Four trout streams; began 1951, continuing; $11,387; D. S. Shelter, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: As in No. 3 above. 50. Relative Survival of Wild Versus Hatchery-reared Fingerling Trout Equal numbers of fingerlings are ntiarked and the results are determined by creel census and population surveys. Pigeon River; began 1951, closed 1956; $1, 518; T. F. Waters, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: As in No. 3 above. 51. Walleye Sport Fishery Management Introductions of walleye fingerlings are made in selected lakes on an in- troductory or maintenance basis. Results followed by random creel census and netting. Forty-three lakes; began 1951, continuing; $380; Walter R. Crowe, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: As in No. 3 above. 58 MICHIGAN (Cont. ) 52. Experimental Planting of Fingerling Brown Trout in Rifle River The project will deternnine survival of nnarked fingerling brown trout through complete creel census and also by periodic population checks, Ogennaw County; began 1952, to close 1958; $380; H. Cowing, Leader. Address inquiries to: As in No. 3 above. 53. Sub-legal Trout Plantings in Streams in Spring The objective is to deternnine if 4j- to 6^- inch brook trout and rainbov.' trout released in April, will contribute to anglers catch during same or succeeding seasons. Results are followed through a complete creel census. Trout research stations; began 1953, closed 1956; $380; D. S. Shetter, Leader. Address inquiries to: As in No. 3 above. 54. Introduction of Redear Sunfih The objective is to determine, through introduction into a variety of situa- tions, if the species has an important sport fishing potential in Michigan. Results are determined by periodic netting and a random creel census. Five lakes; began 1954, to close 1958; $380; Walter R. Crowe, Leader. Address inquiries to: As in No. 3 above. 55. Great Lakes "Steelhead" The objective is to determine if hatchery-reared rainbow trout can be used to supplement natural runs of steelhead from Great Lakes. Tagged rainbow trout are planted in mouths of streams tributary to Great Lakes, the results followed by analysis of tag returns. Streams tributary to Great Lakes; began 1954, to close 1960; $4,555; T. M. Stauffer, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: As in No. 3 above. 56. Carp Control The objective is to devise methods and test results of controlling carp abundance in selected lakes. Southern Michigan; began 1956, indefinite; $1,518; J. E. Williams, Leader. Address inquiries to: As in No. 3 above. 57. Population Control - North Lake Northern pike in North Lake are controlled by trapping them on their spawn- ing migration. The lake is managed for trout. Ogemaw County; began 1955, indefinite; $380; H. Cowing, Leader. Address inquiries to: As in No. 3 above. 58. Results From Planting Brook Trout Fry in Trout Lake Results of the stocking is determined by examination of growth, yield, and creel census data. Otsego County; began 1956, to close 1957; $1,139; Thomas F. Waters, Leader. Address inquiries to: As in No. 3 above. 59. Lake and Pond Fertilization The project aims to determine the practical value of commercial fertilizer as a tool in warm water fish production by experiments in selected lakes, and in hatchery ponds. Began 1946, continuing; $4,555; Robert C. Ball, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: As in No. 3 above. 59 MICHIGAN (Cont. ) 60. Increasing Productivity of Marl Lakes Additions of organic matter and inorganic fertilizers are made to marl soils to deternnine the factors limiting the production of fish food organisms in marl lakes. Methods of modifying marl lakes so as to increase their productivity are being investigated. Began 1952, continuing; $2,657; Frank F. Hooper, Leader; reports avail- able. Address inquiries to: As in No. 3 above. 61. Bottom Fauna and Condition of Brown Trout in Houghton Creek The objective is to determine the effects of the Rose City sewer upon bottom fauna and brown trout in Houghton Creek. Ogemaw County; began 1953, closed 1956; $759; Howard Cowing and Robert J. Ellis, Leaders; reports available. Address inquiries to: As in No. 3 above. 62. Headwater Lake Fertilization The objective is to determine the effect of fertilizing a headwater lake upon the stream below. Hoffman Lake and West Branch of Sturgeon River; began 1954, to close 1957; $4,555; Frank F. Hooper and Robert C. Ball, Leaders. Address inquiries to: As in No. 3 above. 63. Weed Control in Fisheries Managennent The objective is to determine effect of control of aquatic vegetation on growth of pan fishes in selected lakes. Began 1955, to close 1959; $9,109; Frank F. Hooper and J. E. Williams, Leaders. Address inquiries to: As in No. 3 above. 64. Establishment of Rooted Vegetation in Marl Lakes Through plantings of seeds and tubers attempts will be made to establish rooted vegetation in marl lakes and effects of the experiment on fish population will be followed. Fish Lake and Devoe Lake; began 1955, continuing; $4,555; Frank F. Hooper, Leader. Address inquiries to: As in No. 3 above. 65. Improver lent of Pike Spawning Habitat The purpose of the project is to discover requirements of pike for spawn- ing and to devise and analyze methods by which spawning success may be im- proved. Selected lakes; began 1950, to close 1960; $1,139; John E. Williams, Leader. Address inquiries to: As in No. 3 above. 66. Experimental Fishing Regulations on Lakes Creel census, age, growth, and population studies are being used to de- termine the effect of relaxed fishing regulations on 14 "experimental" lakes. Began 1953, to close 1960; $35,299; Kenneth E. Christensen, Leader; re- ports available. Address inquiries to: As in No. 3 above. 67. Hooking Mortalities - Trout The objective is to determine mortality to undersized trout through flie use of plugs, spoons, spinners, and other baits. Fish, both hatchery reared 60 MICHIGAN (Cont. ) and wild will be caught b / all methods, released and held in live crates or raceways and observed for instantaneous or delayed mortality. Trout streams and hatchery ponds; began 1955, to close 1957; $1,139; David S. Shelter and Leonard N. Allison, Leaders; reports available. Address inquiries to: As in No. 3 above. 68. Autopsy of Trout Following Hooking Loss Experiments Fish wli;ch have died following hooking experiments are examined for hook wounds and an effort is made to determine whether death resulted from mechanical injury or disease. Trout streams and hatchery ponds; began 1955, to close 1957; $759; Leonard N. Allison, Leader. Address inquiries to: As in No. 3 above. 69. Brook Trout and Brown Trout Fishing Regulations The project is designed to test the effect of higher size limits and bait restr ctions on angling quality for brook trout and brown trout. Trout streams; began 1949, continuing; $18,218; David S. Shelter, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: As in No. 3 above. 70. Winter Fishing for Rainbow Trout The objective is to determine whether a winter season, January 1 through March 15, will increase the harvest of maintenance plantings of rainbow trout without seriously effecting spring, summer, or fall fishing for them. The project will also determine the reason for decline of returns from plantings after a few years of good fishing. Correy Lake; began 1957, to close 1961; $2, 277; Walter R. Crowe, Leader. Address inquiries to: As in No. 3 above. 71. Effect of Hooking Mortality Upon the Angler's Catch Equal numbers of sub-legal trout are caught with worms, flies, and shocker. They are marked with a distinctive fin clip to compare survival to creel of different groups. Pigeon River; began 1956, to close 1958; $380; T. F. Waters, Leader. Address inquiries to: As in No. 3 above. 72. Effect of Fly-fishing-only Regulations will increase the survival to legal size and the size of trout in the angler's catch. Flies only are used in Ford Lake, whereas usual bait restrictions are followed at Hennlock Lake. Trout lakes on Pigeon River Fisheries Research Area; began 1956, to close 1958; $759; T. F. Waters, Leader. Address inquiries to: As in No. 3 above. 73. Birch Lake Fish Management The project is designed to determine the value and effects of planting trout and smallmouth bass, the effect of ciscoe gill netting, the need for a screen in the outlet, and the effect of May 15 opening date. A creel census, marked plantings, and a two-way weir in the outlet are involved. Cass County; began 1937, continuing; $2,657; R. N. Schafer, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: As in No. 3 above. 61 MICHIGAN (Cont. ) 74. Deep Lake Fish Management Periodic fish collections are made to study survival and growth of species planted since the lake was poisoned in 1941. The present population is com- posed of bluegills, redear sunfish, largemouth bass, and rainbow trout. Oakland County; began 1952, continuing; $380; Walter R. Crowe, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: As in No. 3 above. 75. Management of Special Trout Pond Various stocking programs are tested by complete creel census and coiints of residual populations after draining. Ponds at Hillsdale Hatchery; began 1946, continuing; $2,657; K. G. Fukano, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: As in No. 3 above. 76. Experimental Management of Brook Trout Lakes in Upper Peninsula The objective is to determine proper management of lakes stocked with brook trout. Results will be determined through creel census. Various stock- ing programs, size limits, and regulations will be tested. Trout lakes in Upper Peninsula; began 1953, to close 1961; $21,255; M. G. Galbraith, Jr. , Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: As in No. 3 above. 77. Development of Rotary Screens The purpose of the project is to design a simpler and lighter self-cleaning rotary screen to replace those now in use. Hunt Creek Fisheries Research Area; began 1956, closed 1956; $380; M. J. Whalls, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: As in No. 3 above. 78. Hatchery Diets The objective is to determine the value of various diets through controlled experiments. Results are tested in production hatcheries. Trout hatcheries; began 1952, continuing; $380; Leonard N. Allison, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: As in No. 3 above. 79. Transportation of Trout The objective is to test plastic bags containing water and oxygen as a method of transporting more trout in less space. Grayling pathology laboratory; began 1956, closed 1956; $380; Leonard N. Allison, Leader. Address inquiries to: As in No. 3 above. 80. Library of Colored Illustrations of Fish Diseases and Hatchery Procedures Through the use of kodachrome photographs illustrations of fish diseases (macro and micro) and hatchery procedures are provided for reference and instruction. Grayling pathology laboratory; began 1953, continuing; $380; Leonard N. Allison, Leader; photographs available. Address inquiries to: As in No. 3 above. 81. Fishes of Michigan A comprehensive reference book on fishes of the State on their structure, habits, distribution, abundance, etc. with illustrations and keys for general 62 MICHIGAN (Cont. ) use of sportsmen, biologists, and students is under preparation. University Museums Annex, Ann Arbor, and Museum of Zoology, Uni- versity of Michigan; began 1946, continuing: $1,155; Gerald P. Cooper and Reeve M. Bailey, Leaders. Address inquiries to: As in No. 3 above. 82. Manual for Control of Fish Diseases at Hatcheries From literature and experience, a manual, including conversion tables, dilution charts, etc. will be provided for the use of fish culturists. Grayling pathology laboratory; began 1953, closed 1956; $1,898; Leonard N. Allison, Leader. Address inquiries to: As in No. 3 above. 83. Lake Inventory Reports Research findings on some of the larger lakes of the State are briefly ex- plained and the purpose and methods of inventory made available for public distribution. Began 1952, continuing; $380; Clarence M. Taube, Leader; reports avail- able. Address inquiries to: As in No. 3 above. University of Michigan 1. Fishes of the Great Lakes Region The objective is to provide up-to-date knowledge on classification and distribution of the components of the fauna and to extend the utility of the work for identifying the fishes of the region. Cranbrook Institute of Science cooperating; Ann Arbor; began June 1953, to close September 1959; Karl F. Lagler and Carl L. Hubbs, Leaders. Address inquiries to: Karl F. Lagler, Department of Fisheries, Natural Science Building, Ann Arbor, Michigan. 2. Revision of "Freshwater Fishery Biology" The objective is to improve and extend the usefulness of existing works. Ann Arbor; began September 1952, to close January 1957; Karl F. Lagler, Leader. Address inquiries to: As in No. 1 above. 3. Textbook of Ichthyology The objective is to provide for American workers a text dealing with world principles of ichthyology, but emphasizing the use of examples and illustrations from the American fauna. Ann Arbor; began September 1955, to close September 1958; K. F. Lagler, Leader. Address inquiries to: As in No. 1 above. 4. Evaluation of Fishery Survey Techniques Using SCUBA The objective is to determine efficiency of survey techniques, such as netting for determining fish species composition, by making comparisons and observations using SCUBA (diving equipment). Institute for Fisheries Research cooperating; began June 1955, to close May 1957; Donald Thomson, Leader. Address inquiries to: Donald Thomson, Department of Fisheries, Natural Science Building, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. 63 MICHIGAN (Cont. ) 5. The Degree of Correlation Between the Material in Stomach Samples, in Cut- throat and Rainbow Trout, and the Lure Upon Which the Fish Were Taken This project is an attempt to test the correlation between the lure, as to size, shape, color, and method of fishing, and the animal life contained in stomach samples, as to size, shape, color, and habits, in cutthroat and rain- bow trout. The material was gathered in the Cooke City area in Montana at the northeast entrance of Yellowstone National Park. Park County, Montana; began June 1956, to close June 195 7; Kenneth Cumnnins, Leader. Address inquiries to: Kenneth Cummins, Department of Fisheries, Uni- versity of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. 6. The Age and Food Habits of the Smelt, (Osmerus mordax) The objective is to evaluate the age and food habits of the smelt in Saginaw Bay during the months June, July, August, and September 1956. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service cooperating; began Jvme 1956, to close May 1957; William G. Gordon, Leader. Address inquiries to: William G. Gordon, Department of Fisheries, School of Natural Resources, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. 7. Validity of Age Determination from Scales, and Growth of Marked Lake Michigan Lake Trout The objectives are to ascertain whether any repetative markings on the scales of lake trout could be linked with the known age of fin-clipped fish, to establish the time of annulus formation, and to follow the development of marginal growth on the scales. Growth of the fish was also studied. Conservation Departments of Michigan and Wisconsin cooperating; Ann Arbor; began July 1951, closed November 1956; Louella E. Cable, Leader; re- ports available. Address inquiries to: Louella E. Cable, 1220 East Washington St. , Ann Arbor, Michigan. 8. The Temperature Sensitivity of Some American Freshwater Fish The objectives are to test the acuity of perception of fish to temperature changes, and to make a preliminary determination of the mechanism by which fish sense small temperature changes. Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studies cooperating; University of Michigan; began January 1955, closed June 1956; reports available. Address inquiries to: John E. Bardach or Richard G. Bjorklund, Depart- ment of Fisheries, School of Natural Resources, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. 9. The Effect of Light, Thyroid and Antithyroid Substances on Normal Growth, Regeneration of Fins and Scales, and Gonad Maturation in the Goldfish The objectives are: (1) To evaluate the role of the photoperiod in growth and maturation of fish, and (2) to determine the effect of thyroid and antithyroid substances on maturation, growth, and metabolism of fish with a view to de- termining thyroid function in teleosts. Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studies cooperating; University of Michigan; began July 1955, to close June 1957; R. G. Bjorklund, Leader. Address inquiries to: R. G. Bjorklund, as in No. 8 above. 10. Biology of Chubs of Lake Michigan The objectives are to learn basic facts of life history and distribution and to relate these to rise of sea lamprey population. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service cooperating; Ann Arbor, Michigan; began 64 MICHIGAN (Cont. ) January 1954, to close January 1957; Kenneth M. Allen, Leader. Address inquiries to: U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Box 640, Ann Arbor, Michigan. 11. Lake Distribution of Largemouth Bass The objectives are to learn the facts and factors of lacustrine distribution and movementb of largemouth bass by netting, angling, tower observation, and SCUBA. Began July 1955, to close July 1957; R. Jack Schultz, Leader. Address inquiries to: R. J. Schultz, Department of Fisheries, Natural Science Building, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. 12. The Fishes of Isle Royale National Park The objective is to provide the public with a guide to the fish and fishing of Isle Royale National Park. Began 1955, closed November 1956; Karl F. Lagler and Charles R. Gold- man, Leader. Address inquiries to: Karl F. Lagler, as in No. 1 above. 13. Food Habits of the Leucichthys spp. and its Relation to the Ecology of Lake Michigan Analysis of the food habits data of the Leucichthys may enable us to define its position as an existing population in relation to the other animal populations in that particular ecological unit. It may partly or wholly influence fluctuations among the other organisms or some of their peculiar behavioural character- istics. Other objectives are to determine the bathymetric distribution of the chub in relation to the vertical distribution of Mysis and Pontoporeia as well as population levels and rates of growth of the fish under investigation. The project provides a basis for determination of the degree of predation and competition in that particular ecological community and may be used as important bases for resource management of the chub, the most important commercial fish in Lake Michigan. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service cooperating; began June 1956, to close 1957; Silvestre V. Bersamin, Leader. Address inquiries to: Silvestre Bersamin, Fisheries Department, Uni- versity of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. 14. Life History and Management of Arctic Grayling in Grebe Lake, Yellowstone Park, Montana. A general biological investigation. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service cooperating; Yellowstone Park; began August 1956; T. E. Kruse, Leader. Address inquiries to: Department of Fisheries, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. 15. Effects of Sub-lethal Levels of Pollution on the Fish and Fish-food Organisms of Warm-water Streains This project is an evaluation of effects of domestic and industrial pollu- tion on biota of the stream. Conditions range from polysaprobic to oligo- saprobic and effects on aquatic organisms of varying types and intensities of pollutants are being evaluated. Ingham County; began 1954, to close 1958; R. C. Ball, Leader. Address inquiries to: R. C. Ball, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, University of Michigan, East Lansing, Michigan. 65 MICHIGAN (Cont. ) 16. Fertilization of a Marl Lake and a Trout Stream of Low Productivity The above two projects have a common goal and are being carried out to- gether. Fertilizer applied to the marl lake becomes, in part, organic nu- trients. The incorporation of these nutrients into the biota of the streann is being studied. Otsego County; began 1954, to close 1957; R. C. Ball and F. F. Hooper, Leaders. Address inquiries to: R. C. Ball, as in No. 15 above. 17. Effects of Fish Predation on Production of Fish-food Organisms An investigation of the relationships between standing crops of fish and total fish populations. Approach is through a study of the dynamics of the food- organism complex and the influence of predation by the fish population. Lake City Experiment Station Ponds; began May 1956, continuing; Robert C. Ball and D. W. Hayne, Leaders. Address inquiries to: R. C. Ball, as in No. 15 above. 18. Primary Production in a Warm-water Stream A study of the rate of synthesis of organic matter in a warm-water stream, including production rates under high nutrient conditions, as well as those of low nutrient analysis. Ingham County; began 1955, to close 1958; Robert C. Ball, Leader. Address inquiries to: R. C. Ball, as in No. 15, above. 19. Biological Effects of a Concentration of Waterfowl on a Warm-water Lake A quantitative chemical evaluation of certain nutrients contributed seasonally to the lake and their biological effects within the lake. Wintergreen Lake, Kellogg Bird Sanctuary, Hickory Corners, Michigan; began 1955, continuing; R. D. VanDeusen, Leader. Address inquiries to: R. C. Ball as in No. 15 above. 20. Fishery Management Evaluation The objectives are: (1) To evaluate various stocking procedures in terms of returns to the angler, and (2) to evaluate angler ability to catch fish and the degree and nature of the variation in angling success. East Lansing and Augusta; began July 1932, continuing; $250; Peter S. Tach, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: P. S. Tach, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, University of Michigan, East Lansing, Michigan. 21. Ecology of Commercial Fish Species in Northern Lake Michigan The primary purpose of this project is to determine and evaluate the factors involved in the success or failure of successive year-classes of some important commercial fish species. Most of the work to date has been a study of the growth and age-composition of the whitefish. Long-range plans include studies of other species, with more emphasis on young-of-the-year fish. Big Bay de Noc and northern Lake Michigan; began July 1955; $3000; Eugene W. Roelofs, Leader. Address inquiries to: E. W. Roelofs, Department of Fisheries and Wild- life, University of Michigan, East Lansing, Michigan. Central Michigan College 1. Ecology and Taxonomy of Midge Larvae Field collections of midge larvae, rearing of same in laboratory for 66 MICHIGAN (Cont. ) (1) association of immature forms with adults, (2) study of food habits and life cycle of specific species, and (3) the role of the midge larvae in the turn over of bottonn muds especially as related to radio active substances. U. S. Atomic Energy Comnnission cooperating; Central Michigan College, began April 1955, indefinite; LaVerne L. Curry, Leader. Address inquiries to: LaVerne L. Curry, Box 55 Central Michigan College, Mount Pleasant, Michigan. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Branch of Fishery Biology 1. Fluctuations, Interrelationships, and Movements of Fish Populations The objective of this project is to follow the fluctuations in the age, growth, size, and abundance of the different species, commercial and non-commercial; and to ascertain through marking experiments and morphological studies whether local races and stocks exist, and the extent of movements and intermingling of different segments of the populations. Wisconsin Conservation Department and the Michigan Department of Conservation cooperating; Ann Arbur, Michigan, headquarters, Lakes Michi- gan and Superior; began 1947, continuing; $18,000; Leonard S. Joeris, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: James W. Moffett, Chief, Great Lakes Fishery In- vestigations, P. O. Box 640, Ann Arbor, Michigan. 2. Survey of Great Lakes Tributary Streams The objectives are to determine the location of all streams in the Superior, Michigan, and Huron basins in which successful reproduction of the sea lamprey can occur, and to determine the degree to which such streams are or may be utilized by the species, to determine therefrom where control structures must be located. Marquette and Ludington, Michigan; began May 1950, continuing; $25, 000; Alberton L. McLain, William E. Gaylord, and Robert A. Bream, Leaders; reports available. Address inquiries to: James W. Moffett, as in No. 1 above. 3. The Growth, Abundance and Habits of Yellow Perch in Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron The objectives are to learn changes in the perch population between the time of an earlier 1929-1930 study and 1943-1955; and to study the extent and factors of fluctuations in growth and year class strength. Saginaw Bay and Ann Arbor; began 1954, to close 1957; $7, 000; Salah El-Zarka, Leader. Address inquiries to: James W. Moffett, as in No. 1 above. 4. Development of Fish "Leading" or "Assembling" Devices The objective is to develop a device utilizing some form of pulsed direct current which may be used as an accessory to the electro-mechanical weir and trap to aid in the rapid transfer upstream of food and game fishes migrating with the sea lampreys. Marquette, Michigan (Lake Superior streams); began 1951, continuing; $9,000; Alberton L. McLain, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: James W. Moffett, as in No. 1 above. 5. Chemical Control Techniques The objectives are to determine whether a specific toxicant exists which will be lethal to larval lampreys but harmless to other aquatic life occupying the 67 MICHIGAN (Cont. ) same environment and to determine whether this toxicant can be applied in streams in an efficient and economical manner. Hammond Bay Fishery Laboratory, Rogers City; began June 1950, con- tinuing; $70,000; Vernon C. Applegate, Leader. Address inquiries to: James W. Moffett, as in No. 1 above. 6. Experimental Control of Sea Lamprey Spawning Popvilations in Streams Tribu- tary to Lakes Superior and Michigan The objectives are to install electrical or physical barriers in streams known to be utilized by sea lamprey for spawning and to operate these structures in a manner sufficient to reduce or eliminate reproduction and ultimately preda- tion on lake trout and other fishes, and to determine the effects of barriers on species of fish migrating into streams at the same time as the sea lamprey. Michigan Department of Conservation, Wisconsin Conservation Depart- ment and Canadian agencies cooperating; U. S. shores of Lakes Superior and Michigan; began April 1953, continuing; $163, 000; Leo F, Erkkila and Bernard R. Smith, Leaders; reports available. Address inquiries to: James W. Moffett, as in No. 1 above. 7. Testing the Effects of Planting Methods, Times of Planting and Influence of Size at Planting on the Survival of Lake Trout in Lake Superior It is hoped to develop efficient methods of producing and stocking of lake trout to be used in the rehabilitation of these fish in Lakes Michigan, Huron, and Superior after sea lamprey populations are under control. Lake trout held over various periods in hatcheries are marked. They are then stocked at dif- ferent times and their survival determined from marked fish returned. Plant- ing is done over areas where native lake trout of the same size range are found by exploratory fishing. Michigan Department of Conservation, Wisconsin Conservation Depart- ment and Minnesota Department of Conservation cooperating; Marquette; began December 1951, continuing; Paul Eschmeyer and James W. Moffett, Leaders. Address inquiries to: James W. Moffett, as in No. 1 above. 8. Life History Studies of Fishes of the Great Lakes The objectives of this project are to obtain fundanaental information on the life histories of commercially important species in such matters as identity of populations, movements, seasonal and local abundance, fluctuations in growth, and strength of year classes. Ann Arbor; began May 1950, continuing; $35,000; Ralph Hile, Leader; re- ports available. Address inquiries to: James W. Moffett, as in No. 1 above. 9. Movements of Lake Trout in Lake Superior Through the tagging of both legal-sized and under-sized lake trout in dif- ferent regions of Lake Superior the extent of migrations with special reference to the possible presence of local races and movements across interstate and international boundaries will be determined. Marquette; began June 1950, continuing; $15,000; Joseph Beil, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: James W. Moffett, as in No. 1 above. 10. Limnological and Fishery Survey of Saginaw Bay This project is designed to develop information on the limnology and fisheries of Saginaw Bay and to relate these features to each other to deter - nnine their influences on abundance, growth, and fluctuations in available popu- lations. Synoptic surveys of the major biological and hydrographic features 68 MICHIGAN (Cont. ) of the entire Bay were made along with contiuous observations in a portion of the Bay. Michigan Department of Conservation cooperating; Lake Huron; began May 1956, continuing; $50, 000; Stanford H. Smith, Leader. Address inquiries to: James W. Moffett, as in No. 1 above. MINNESOTA Department of Conservation 1. Yield and Dynamics of a Small Inland Lake Trout Lake This study is intended to provide information on dynamics of the fish population, yield to the fishery, and contribution of yearling stocking program to creel com.pared to natural reproduction on a typical inland lake trout lake. Information will be used in development of management plans for other lakes of this type. Cook County; began January 1951, to close 1959; Robert E. Schumacher, Leader. Address inquiries to: Robert E. Schumacher, 400 Shubert Building, St. Paul, Minnesota. 2. Rough Fish Removal Study This study is intended to determine the level at which rough fish popula- tions must be cropped for effective reduction, and effect of practical levels of removal on game fish populations. An attempt will be made to relate trap net catches to size of rough fish populations and amount available for removal opera- tions. Information on angling success before and after removal operations will be included. LeSueur, Steele, and Waseca Counties; began January 1955, to close 1957; W. J. Scidmore, Leader. Address inquiries to: W. J. Scidmore, 400 Shubert Building, St. Paul 2, Minnesota. 3. Investigation of Techniques for the Improvement of Fish Food Culture Methods The study will be conducted along four lines of approach all having to do with fertilization. The objectives are as follows: (1) To find the kinds and amount of certain food organisms that can be produced with various types of fertilizers and fertilization methods. (2) To determine the length of tinne necessary for each type of fertilizer to become effective. (3) To ascertain the amount of fertilizer that can be added to a body of water without causing conditions lethal to fish. (4) To evaluate the effect on pond conditions when grass or grain is grown on pond bottoms prior to flooding. Waterville; began April 1957, to close 1967; John Dobie, Leader. Address inquiries to: John Dobie, 400 Shubert Building, St. Paul 2, Minnesota. 4. Aquatic Wildlife Surveys Complete but concise lake, stream, and river surveys including sounding nnaps are prepared to give the game and fisheries managers information together with recommendations for management of game and fish species. Statewide; began 1931, continuing; $120, 000; Henry Swanson, Leader; re- ports available. Address inquiries to: Jerome H Kuehn, Supervisor, Survey and Inven- tories Unit, 600 Shubert Building, St. Paul 2, Minnesota. 69 MINNESOTA (Cont. ) 5. Study of Relative Efficiency and Selectivity of Cotton and Nylon Experimental Gillnets The project has been undertaken to determine the relative effectiveness of cotton and nylon gill nets and to develop a factor whereby previously collected catch data from cotton gill nets nnay be expressed in terms of nylon gill net catches. The comparative selectivity of the two types of nets is determined. Statewide; began Jiine 1956, to close October 1957; W. J. Scidmore, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: W. J. Scidmore, as in No. 2 above. 6. Statewide Creel Census A quantitative as well as qualitative census is being carried out on 29 lakes and 4 trout streams to determine total yield in terms of numbers and pounds; relationship between fish population structure and size to yield; relative effi- ciency of fishing by different methods; and, to evaluate effects of fish manage- ment measures on yield. The stream census was designed to also check dif- ferential vulnerability of two important trout species. Statewide; began December 1952, continuing; $93, 000; Merle Johnson, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Jerome H. Kuehn, as in No. 4 above. 7. Investigation of Year Class Formation in Game Fish Studies are in progress to determine relative influence of physical, chemical, and biological factors which affect the natural reproduction success of northern pike and largemouth bass. Such work is intended as furnishing a means of assessment of year class strength in the earlier stages of life of more important game fish species. University of Minnesota cooperating; George Lake; began April 1955; $12,800; Lloyd L. Smith, Jr., Leader. Address inquiries to: Lloyd L. Smith, Department of Entomology and Economic Zoology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota. 8. An Economic Evaluation of the Sport Fishery in Minnesota This is a project which is designed to give an accurate and reliable esti- mate of the extent of the economic value of the sport fishery of Minnesota. The first phase of the project, which is a survey by mail of non-resident fisher- ment, is being carried out during the fall of 1956. The second phase is a sur- vey by personal interview of Minnesota resident fishermen which will be carried out during the fall of 1957. Both phases of this project will be carried out on a scale large enough to give statistical reliability to within 10 percent. Headquarters - St. Paul; began October 1956, to close November 1957; $200; Zane Scheftel, Leader. Address inquiries to: Zane Scheftel, Fisheries Research Unit, 400 Shubert Building, St. Paul 2, Minnesota. 9. Evaluation of Fish Management Operations Investigations are in progress in several management programs to deter- mine their effectiveness and value to the over -all management effort. These investigations are as follows: (1) Evaluation of artificial panfish removal as a means of improving growth rates and average size of individuals in stvinted panfish lakes, (2) a study of the results of stocking with stunted panfish obtained from artificial population thinning operations, (3) evaluation of the use of refuge nursery streams as a stream trout management technique, and (4) a study of the effect of stream improvement practices on trout populations and fishing. Statewide; C. R. Burrows, Leader. Address inquiries to: C. R. Burrows, Supervisor, Fisheries Research Unit, 400 Shubert Building, St. Paul 2, Minnesota. 70 MINNESOTA (Cont. ) 10. Improvement of Design of Electric Fishing Gear for Collecting Fish in Large Lakes and Rivers An attempt will be made to design electrical apparatus capable of collecting young of the year game fish in shallow waters of lakes and adaptable for use in quantitative fish sampling in large rivers of both hard and soft water areas. Statewide; began June 1956, to close October 1957; C. R. Burrows, Leader. Address inquiries to: C. R. Burrows, as in No. 9 above. 11. Design of New Techniques and Modification of Current Methods of Fish Cultural Practices as Related to Propagation of Fish and Diagnosis and Control of Fish Disease The objectives are to develop new techniques in fish hatchery cultural pro- cedures, disease diagnosis, and therapy and to test new techniques and institute new methods proven by investigative work in other areas. Current work in- cludes many small projects such as pelleted trout food formulation, investiga- tion of sanitation conditions in hatcheries, methods of disease transmittal, in- cubation period of diseases, effectiveness and degree of dispersal of medica- tion in trout food and design of trout distribution units for higher survival. Statewide; R. E. Schumacher, Leader. Address inquiries to: R. E. Schumacher, as in No. 1 above. 12. Investigation of Possible Differences in Blood Physiology Between the Two Sexes of Ameiurus sp. The objective is to get an almost complete blood picture of one species. Preliminary work only has been conducted primarily on the estimation of blood volume, sedimentation rates, coagulation time, and blood cell counts. Gustavus Adolphus College; began September 1953, indefinite; $25; Arthur W. Glass, Leader. Address inquiries to: Arthur W. Glass, Gustavus Adolphus College, St. Peter, Minnesota. University of Minnesota 1. The Taxonomic Status of the Fat Trout or Siscowet of Lake Superior A study of the morphology and other characters of the fat trout to deter- mine its relation to the lake trout. Minnesota Department of Conservation cooperating; headquarters - Uni- versity of Minnesota; began 1945, to close December 1957; Samuel Eddy and James C. Underbill, Leaders. Address inquiries to: Samuel Eddy, Department of Zoology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 14, Minnesota. 2. Survey of the Fishes of the Red River (of the North) System A study of the species and distriburion of fishes in the Red River and in the Red River drainage. Minnesota Departnnent of Conservation cooperating; headquarters - Uni- versity of Minnesota; began June 1955, to close June 1958; Samuel Eddy, Leader. Address inquiries to: Samuel Eddy, Department of Zoology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota. 71 MISSISSIPPI Game and Fish Commission 1. Fisheries Investigation on Flood Control Reservoirs The objectives are to determine the existing fish populations, make life history studies of the fish found to be present and to determine their growth rates and food habits. Studies of the distribution and nnigration patterns will be undertaken. Creel census studies will be conducted and commercial catch data obtained. Chemical, physical, and other biological data not listed here will be obtained from time to time to determine their effects on the factors which are under investigation. U. S. Army Engineers and University of Mississippi cooperating; Enid, Grenada, Arkabutla, and Sardis Reservoirs; began June 1955, to close June 1958; $22, 034; Bobby A. Towery, Leader. Address inquiries to: Barry O. Freeman, Chief, Fisheries Division, State Game and Fish Commission, Box 451, Jackson, Mississippi. 2. Coastal Stream Investigation The objectives are: (1) To inventory and classify water areas of the coastal stream drainages; (2) to determine the season movements and abundance of the fresh water fish population in the project areas, and the success of natural reproduction and growth rate of these fishes, and (3) to utilize conclusive find- ings to devise sound biological techniques to better manage the garne fish re- sources. In the project area the stream drainage froms a mass of bayous, ox-bows, estuaries, and channels in the State's lower coastal terrace. In addition to the fresh water area, the Game and Fish Commission has jurisdiction over several large bays along the coast. Due to their location, these waters and, in con- sequence, the sport fish populations are affected by tidal action from the Gulf of Mexico. West Pascagoula and Biloxi Rivers, Jordan, Wolf, Tchouticabouffa and East Pascagoula Rivers; began July 1954, to close June 1957; $17, 320; J. L. Nipper, Leader. Address inquiries to: Barry O. Freeman, as in No. 1 above. Gulf Coast Research Laboratory 1. A Study of the Ecology of Fishes of Mississippi Sound The objective is to correlate and bring together an unassimilated nnass of data on the fishes of Mississippi Sound, with the view of obtaining a coherent ecological picture. Ocean Springs, Mississippi; began 1955, to close 1957; $3, 000; Ted Ford, Leader. Address inquiries to: Wild Life and Fisheries Commission, Civil Courts Building, New Orleans 16, Louisiana. MISSOURI Conservation Commission August A. Busch Memorial Wildlife Area Lake Development This area is managed jointly for public fishing and as a field trial area. On the area are 32 ponds and lakes with a combined area of 145 acres at normal water elevation. Two lakes having a total of 90 acres are being added. These waters are managed for largemouth bass, bluegill and channel catfish fishing. 72 MISSOURI (Cont. ) A nominal fee is charged for fishing privilege, boats and bait. Creel records are maintained. St. Charles County; began 1947, continuing; Fred Anderson, Leader. Address inquiries to: G. B. Herndon, Chief Fisheries Section, Conserva- tion Commission, Jefferson City, Missouri. 2. Lake Paho Public Fishing Area This, a 270-acre lake is managed for public fishing. It was stocked initially with largemouth bass, bluegills and channel catfish - later with walleyes. Fish- ing privilege, boats and bait are available for a nominal fee. Creel records are maintained. Mercer County; began 1948, continuing; Eugene Holman, Leader. Address inquiries to: G. B. Herndon, as in No. 1 above. 3. Hunnewell Lake This is a 230-acre public fishing lake stocked in 1954 with largemouth bass, walleyes, channel catfish and bluegills. Fishing privilege, boats, and bait are available for a nominal fee. Creel records are maintained. Shelby County; began 1954, continuing; William E. McDanxiold, Leader. Address inquiries to; G. B. Herndon, as in No. 1 above. 4. James A. Reed Memorial Public Fishing Area This area consisting of six lakes with a total water area of 130 acres is being developed for public fishing. The lakes have been completed recently and have not filled. This willbe managed for largemouth bass , channel catfish, andbluegill fishing. A nominal fee will be charged for fishing privilege, boats, and bait. Jackson County; began 1955, continuing. Address inquiries to: G. B. Herndon, as in No. 1 above. 5. Small Lake Development Program This program involves the development of lakes ranging in water area from 20 to 80 acres for public fishing. Lake sites are made available to the conser- vation Commission through fee simple title or by out right grant of money for the purchase of land by local participating communities. The Conservation Commission builds these lakes and manages them for bass, bluegill, and channel catfish fishing. No charge is made for fishing privilege, but the Con- servation Conrmnission is responsible for fishery management as needed. Statewide; began 1955, continuing; G. B. Herndon, Leader. Address inquiries to: G. B. Herndon, as in No. 1 above. 6. Trimble Wildlife Area Development This area was developed primarily as a public shooting area for waterfowl. Fishing is available to the public in a 170-acre storage reservoir. The reser- voir is stocked with largemouth bass, walleyes, bluegills and channel catfish. Fishing privilege, boats, and bait are available for a fee. Creel records are maintained. Clinton County; began 1953, continuing; Fay Grogan, Leader. Address inquiries to: G. B. Herndon, as in No. 1 above. 7. Duck Creek Wildlife Management Area This is managed primarily as a public hunting area for waterfowl. Fishing is available in a 1700-acre impoundment free of charge. Boats are made avail- able for a nominal fee. Creel records are nnaintained. The lake was stocked with bass, bluegills, and channel catfish. Stoddard County; George Brakhage, Leader. Address inquiries to: G. B. Herndon, as in No. 1 above. 73 MISSOURI (Cont. ) 8. Montrose Lake Wildlife Area This is an 1800-acre lake created as a water supply reservoir for a steam operated electric power plant built by the Kansas City Power and Light Com- pany. Pending the completion of an agreement between the cooperating agencies, the lake will be operated by the Conservation Commission for public fishing. It has been stocked with largennouth bass, walleyes, bluegills, and channel cat- fish. It will provide fishing opportunity in an area of Missouri where there is little impounded water. Kansas City Power and Light Company cooperating; Henry Coiinty; began 1955, continuing. Address inquiries to: G. B. Herndon, as in No. 1 above. 9. Hasler A. Poague Wildlife Management Area This project consists of an experiment in the rehabilitation of an abandoned strip coal mine area. It is managed jointly for fishing and for quail and rabbit hunting. Part of the water area stocked initially with largemouth bass, blue- gills, and channel catfish was opened for public fishing in 1955. Fishing is available free of charge. Henry County; began 1953, continuing; Gilbert Weiss, Leader. Address inquiries to: G. B. Herndon, as in No. 1 above. 10. Brewer Lake Reclamation This 300-acre oxbow lake which will be opened to public fishing is located along the Mississippi River. It was treated with rotenone to remove a large population of non-game fishes and was restocked with largemouth bass, blue- gills, and channel catfish. Recontamination with non-game species is being prevented with an electrical barrier. This barrier was constructed across an outlet ditch which connects the lake with the Mississippi River. Fishing privilege will be without charge. Mississippi County; began 1955, continuing. Address inquiries to: G. B. Herndon, as in No. 1 above. 11. Lake Management Service This project provides an extension service to assist the public in managing and developing impounded waters. Assistance is given on private as well as publicly owned waters. This service includes guidance in developing new waters and in restoring old ones. Restoration involves removing xindesirable fish populations with rotenone preparatory to restocking. Statewide; began 1950, continuing; Gilbert Weiss, Leader. Address inquiries to: G. B. Herndon, as in No. 1 above. 12. Development of a Dry Trout Food After exhaustive testing in the Comnnission's hatcheries, a dry trout food developed by Purina Mills was adopted as the standard trout diet. No supple- mentary feed is required. Experiments are underway now to add a factor to the feed to produce trout with pink flesh. Purina Mills Inc. cooperating; trout hatcheries; began 1954, continuing; A. G. Morris, Leader. Address inquiries to: G. B. Herndon, as in No. 1 above. 13. Investigations of Stream Pollution The purpose of this project is to investigate the effect of water pollution upon fish in Missouri streams and to provide information for law enforcement and pollution abatement. Analyses of contaminated waters are made, the source of contamination is traced, and its effect upon the fish determined. 74 MISSOURI (Cont. ) Statewide; began 1951, continuing; Herbert J. Fisher, Leader. Address inquiries to: Herbert J. Fisher, Fisheries Section, Conservation Commission, 903a Elm St. , Columbia, Missouri. 14. A Study of the Effect Upon Fish of the Drawdown of Navigation Pools in the Missouri Section of the Mississippi River Conservation agents and commercial fishermen assist in the project by- reporting water conditions and fish mortality at sites affected by drawdown. Each report of fish mortality is investigated and an estimate of the fish killed is made. The Corps of Engineers, U. S. Army, cooperate by making available daily records of temperature, ice condition, snow cover, and pool elevation at each lock and dam in the study area. Comnnercial fishermen aid as observers. U. S. Army Corps of Engineers cooperating; Mississippi River between Alton, Illinois, and Keokuk, Iowa; began December 1946, continuing; Herbert J. Fisher, Leader. Address inquiries to: Herbert J. Fisher, as in No. 13 above. 15. Aerial Fishing and Recreational Count of the Missouri-Illinois Section of the Mississippi River This project is conducted to obtain information on use of this section of the river by sport fishermen and pleasure boaters. Counts of fishing boats, boat fishermen, bank fishermen and pleasure craft are made by Illinois and Missouri observers on 16 flights scheduled from April through October. Missouri fur- nishes a plane and a pilot on eight flights and Illinois furnishes a plane and a pilot on the other eight flights. Illinois Conservation Department and Illinois Natural History Survey co- operating; Missouri-Illinois section of the Mississippi River; began April 1956, to close October 1957; Herbert J Fisher, Leader. Address inquiries to: Herbert J. Fisher, as in No. 13 above. 16. A Statewide Continuing General Creel Census The census is carried on to determine the utilization of the fishery resources of the State, to detect trends, and to determine the effect of regulations. Con- servation agents record creel information from 20 percent of all anglers inter- viewed in the regular course of their duties as enforcement officers. These data are tabulated by fishery technicians. Rate of success and species composi- tion of the catch are determined for the various watersheds and impoundments and for the major zoogeographic areas of the State. Results for previous years are available for comparison. Statewide; began May 1946, continuing; John L. Funk, Leader. Address inquiries to: John L. Fvmk, Fisheries Section, Conservation Commission, 903a Elm Street, Columbia, Missouri. 17. A Study of the Migration of Stream Fishes This study is made to deternnine the extent of the movements of warm water stream fishes and to correlate, if possible, movennents with season, water conditions, and population pressure. Fish collected in population studies are tagged and released. Records of tagged fish caught by fishermen are anal- yzed to determine for each species: (1) average time and distance traveled, (2) direction and season of greatest movement. Statewide; began 1947, continuing; John L. Funk, Leader. Address inquiries to: John L. Funk, Fisheries Section, Conservation Com- mission, 903a Elm Street, Columbia, Missouri. 75 MISSOURI (Cont. ) 18. A Study of the Important Stream Fishes in Various Missouri Watersheds This study is being done to determine the age and rate of growth of all the important stream fishes in representative watersheds, and to detect growth trends and effects of environnnent. The results of this study are correlated with tliose of other investigations to develop a comprehensive management plan for the watershed. Information from individual watershed studies is being combined to set up a standard for statewide comparisons of fish growth. The scale samples used are collected in the population study. Statewide; began 1947, continuing; Charles A. Purkett, Jr. , Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Charles A. Purkett, Jr. , Fisheries Section, Con- servation Commission, 903a Elm Street, Columbia, Missouri. 19. A Study of the Connposition and Relative Abxindance of the Fish Population in Selected Areas of Study Streams This study is carried on to determine the composition and relative abundance of the fish population in three sample areas on each of nine watersheds. Cause of any trends observed is to be determined, if possible. One collection has been made annually since 1954 at each test section. Statewide; began 1956, continuing; John L. Funk, Ronald E. Gumtow and Robert W. McVey, Leaders. Address inquiries to: John L. Funk, as in No. 17 above. 20. The Abundance, Distribution, and Ecology of Forage Fishes in Streams The objectives of this study are: (1) To determine the species composition of small fish collections made in connection with the population study, (2) to evalu- ate yearly fluctuations in species composition and relative abundance and, (3) to establish distribution records. Statewide; began 1947, continuing; Perry E. Robinson, Leader. Address inquiries to: Perry E. Robinson, Fisheries Section, Conservation Commission, 903a Elm Street, Columbia, Missour. 21. A Study of Trends in Reproductive Success of Game, Rough, and Forage Fishes in a Missouri Ozark Stream Stocked With Fingerling Smallniouth Bass The objectives of this study are to obtain information on, (1) the spawning success and survival of young of the important game, non-game, and forage fishes; (2) to determine the species composition and relative abundance of forage fishes; (3) to determine the effect of stocking of smallmouth bass fingerlings upon the reproductive success of the important game and non-game fishes and; (4) to develop and standardize a method for the determination of the reproductive success of game, non-game, and forage fishes in Ozark streams. Big Piney River; began December 1956, continuing; Perry E. Robinson, Charles A. Purkett, Jr. and George G Fleener, Leaders. Address inquiries to Perry E. Robinson, as in No. 20 above. ZZ. A Study of the Species Composition and Relative Abundance of Fishes Present in a Missouri Ozark Stream Stocked with Fingerling Smallmouth Bass This study was designed to determine the species composition and relative abundance of fishes present in a stream which was stocked annually with finger- ling smallmouth bass. Stocking was done to determine the effect of stocking upon the existing population and to evaluate the rate of survival of the stocked fish. A census crew makes collections from three test sections on the stream two times annually. Big Piney River; began 1951, to close 1958; George G. Fleener, Ronald B. Gumtow, and John L. Funk, Leaders. Address inquiries to: George G. Fleener, Fisheries Section, Conservation 76 MISSOURI (Cont. ) Comnr.ission, 903a Elm Street, Columbia, Missouri. 23. An Intensive Creel Census of an Ozark Stream Stocked Annually With Fingerling Smallmouth Bass The objectives of this study are to estimate the annual yield of fish to anglers, to determine the effect of annual stocking of fingerling smallmouth bass upon fish- ing success, and to evaluate the cost of such stocking. An intensive creel census has been in operation since 1951. information is collected in a systematic manner so that the results can be expanded to provide estinnates of the yield for the entire season and the entire length of the stream. Fingerlings were stocked annually fronn 1951 to 1955. These fish were permanently marked by fin-searing so their contribution to the creel can be recognized. Big Piney River; began 1951, to close 1958; George G. Fleener, Leader. Address inquiries to: George G. Fleener, as in No. 22 above. 24. An Intensive Creel Census of a Missouri Ozark Stream With a Year-round Open Fishing Season Objectives of this study are to estimate the yield of fish to anglers and to determine the effect of the year-roiind open season upon the yield, especially of smallmouth bass. An intensive creel census has been in operation on the stream since 1951. The year-round open season will go into effect in 1957. By comparing before and after data, an evaluation of the effect of the year-round open season will be possible. Niangua River; began 1951, to close 1958; John L. Fvuik and George G. Fleener, Leaders. Address inquiries to: John L. Fiuik, as in No. 17 above. 25. A Study of Trends in Reproductive Success of Game, Rough, and Forage Fishes in a Missouri Ozark Streann with a Year-round Open Season This study is designed, (1) to add to information on the spawning success and survival of young of the important game, non-game, and forage fishes (especially smallmouth bass); (2) to determine the species composi- tion and relative abundance of forage fishes; (3) to determine the effect of a year- round open season upon the reproductive success of the important game and non-game fishes in an Ozark stream; (4) to develop and standardize a method for the determination of the reproductive success of game, non-game and forage fishes in Ozark streams. Diangua River; began December 1956, continuing; Perry E. Robinson, Charles A. Purkett, Jr. , George G. Fleener, Leaders. Address inquiries to: Perry E. Robinson, as in No. 20 above. 26. A Study of the Species Composition and Relative Abundance of Fishes Present in a Missouri Ozark Stream With a Year-round Open Season This study is designed to determine the species composition and relative abundance of fishes present in an experimental stream selected as representative of smallmouth bass streams of the Missouri Ozarks, and to determine the effect of a year-round open season upon the existing population of smallmouth bass and other important species. A population inventory has been in operation since 1951. By comparing before and after data, an evaluation of the effect of the year-round open season may be possible. Niangua River; began 1951, to close 1958; George G. Fleener, Ronald B. Gumtow and John L. Funk, Leaders. Address inquiries to: George G. Fleener, as in No. 22 above. 77 MISSOURI (Cont. ) 27. Investigation of the Natural Reproduction of Channel Catfish With Special Reference to Small Impoundments This study was designed to determine the conditions necessary for ef- fective natural reproduction of channel catfish and to devise methods for creating these conditions in small impoundments. Factors influencing the survival of fry are being investigated. Dates and success of spawning season and the effects of water turbidity, predators, competitors and suitable escape cover on survival of fry are among the factors receiving attention. A plastic sheeting curtain which serves as a chemical barrier and a plastic screening curtain which serves as a physical barrier are being used to divide ponds and allow controlled experiments. August A. Busch Wildlife Area, Columbia and vicinity, and Hunnewell Public fish lake; began 1952, continuing; Robert W. McVey, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Robert W. McVey, Fisheries Section, Conservation Commission, 903a Elm Street, Columbia, Missouri. 28. A Fish Tagging Program for the Large Impoundments of Missouri This project was designed to obtain an estimate of the annual harvest of game fish in relation to the available population. Fish are netted and tagged during March-June and the tags are recovered by creel census clerks, dock operators, and conservation agents. Statewide; began 1951, continuing; Willis D. Hanson, Leader. Address inquiries to: Willis D. Hanson, Fisheries Section, Conservation Con-innission, 903a Elm Street, Columbia, Missouri. 29. The Use of Inorganic Fertilizers for Fish Production in Small Lakes and Ponds This project is designed to measure the availability of several plant nutrients when added to water, and to determine the most economical and efficient method of fertilization in Missouri farm ponds. The experimental ponds are stocked with largemouth bass in combination with bluegills, redear or pump- kinseed sunfish as a forage species. Statewide; began 1954, continuing; Charles R. Walker, Leader. Address inquiries to: Charles R. Walker, Fisheries Section, Conservation Commission, 903a Elm Street, Columbia, Missouri. 30. An Intensive Creel Census of White River and Little North Fork Arms ofBuU Shoals Lake, Clearwater, Wappapello, Norfork Lakes, Lake Taneycomo, and the Niangua and Glaize Arms of the Lake of the Ozarks The objective of these projects is to determine fishing yield, pressure, and quality by seasons as an aid to fish management in these impoundments. Statewide; began 1949, continuing; Ralph M. Burress, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Ralph M. Burress, Fisheries Section, Conservation Commssion, 903a Elm Street, Columbia, Missouri. 31. Censusing Fish Populations in Small Sample Areas of the Large Impounded Waters With Emulsifiable Rotenone This project is designed to obtain quantitative population data for certain species and sizes of fish. These data are used in conjunction with the other impoundment surveys to evaluate the status of the fish populations in Missouri's big reservoirs. Statewide; began August 1950, continuing; Ralph M. Burres, Leader. Address inquiries to: Ralph M. Burress, as in 30 above. 78 MISSOURI (Cont. ) 32. An Investigation of the Spawning Success of Important Game and Non-game Fishes in the Large Impoiinded Waters in Missouri The two objectives of this project are: (1) To obtain a measure of the yearly spawning success of important fishes; and (2) to acquire a knowledge of the species composition and trends in relative abundance of the forage fishes. Statewide; began July 1950, continuing; Ralph M. Burress, Leader. Address inquiries to: Ralph M. Burress, as in No. 30 above. 33. Test Net Sampling of Fish Populations in the Large Impounded Waters in Missouri Test netting is carried out in many of the large Missouri impoundments in September and October to measure trends in abundance of several species of fish, to follow the development of populations in new reservoirs, and to obtain material for age and growth studies. Statewide; began August 1949, continuing; Willis D. Hanson, reports available. Address inquiries to: Willis D. Hanson, Fisheries Section, Conservation Commission, 903a Elnn Street, Columbia, Missouri. 34. fcvaluation of Liberalized Fishing Regulations on Non-game Fish Populations in Lake Wappapello The objective is to follow possible changes in the status of the non-game fish population which may result from newly liberalized fishing regulations and a controlled experimental commercial fishery. Lake Wappapello; began July 1956, continuing; Willis D. Hanson, Leader. Address inquiries to: Willis D. Hanson, as in No. 33 above. University of Missouri 1. A Comparative Study of the Limnology of Lake Taneycomo Before and After Receiving Cold Discharge Water From a New Upstream Reservoir Construction is in progress on a new reservoir on the White River, Missouri, just upstream from Lake Taneycomo. The new reservoir will discharge cold water just off the reservoir bottom. It is anticipated this temperature change in the water flowing into Lake Taneycomo may modify the limnology of the impoundment. This study is to compare turbidity, tennperature, chemical conditions, benthos, plankton, fish foods, and the small fish population. The Missouri Conservation Commission is working with the abundance and growth of the larger fishes. Lake Taneycomo; began July 1956, to close July 1958; Arthur Witt, Jr., Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Arthur Witt, Jr. , Wildlife Research Unit, Stephens Hall, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri. 2. Age and Growth of the Longear Sunfish This project determines body- scale relationship, growth, time of annulus formation, and condition of longear sunfish in the Niangua and Big Piney Rivers. Missouri Conservation Connmission cooperating; Niangua and Big Piney Rivers; began September 1956, to close Janviary 1958; Donald Gasper, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Donald Gasper, Wildlife Research Unit, Stephens Hall, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri. 3. A Pre -impoundment Study of Selected Fishes From the White River System, Missouri. 79 MISSOURI (Cont. ) The remainder of the White River, in Missouri, is soon to be inxindated by the construction of Table Rock Dam. This study will form a portion of a pre- and post-innpoundment study of this river and will be concerned with a distribu- tional study of the fishes in the White River and two tributary streams; Long Creek and the James River. Life history studies will be made of selected fishes which will also be present in the impoundment and will form a background for future studies of these same fishes. Missouri Conservation Commission cooperating; Taney, Stone, and Barry Coimties; began July 1956, to close September 1957; Leslie W. Knapp, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Leslie W. Knapp, Wildlife Research Unit, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri. 4. A Pre -impoundment Study of the Bottom Fauna in the White River System, Missouri The White River and two tributary streams. Long Creek axid James River, will soon be inundated upon the completion of Table Rock Dam. This study is to compare the qualitative and quantitative composition of the bottom fauna of these streams and to contrast the productivity of each streann. It will also form a background for future studies of the bottonn fauna after impoundment. • Taney, Stone, and Barry Counties; began July 1956, to close September 1957; James P. Henley, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: James P. Henley, Wildlife Research Unit, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri. 5. Studies of the Bottom Fauna of Two Ozark Streams The objectives are to determine production and composition of bottom fauna, seasonal variation, habitat preferences, availability, and utilization by several small fishes. Niangua and Big Piney Rivers; began June 1955, to close July 1957; Dave Foster, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Dave Foster, Wildlife Research Unit, Stephens Hall, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri. 6. Life Histories of the Black Redhorse in Two Ozark Streams This project is concerned with development and growth, food and feeding habits, movements and behavior, as well as association and spawning. Missouri Conservation Commission, cooperating; Niangua and Big Piney Rivers; began July 1952, to close July 1957; Milton Bowman, Leader; Reports available. Address inquiries to: Milton Bowman, Wildlife Research Unit, Stephens Hall, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri. MONTANA Department of Fish and Game 1. Statewide Creel Census This census is being conducted as a field survey by wardens, guides and outfitters and cooperative fishernnen, with statistical data compiled and analyzed by punch card system for use in planning future development arid nnanagement procedures. Began July 1951, indefinite; $4,400; Clinton G. Bishop, Leader; reports available. 80 MONTANA (Cont. ) Address inquiries to: Clinton G. Bishop, Montana State Department of Fish and Game, Helena, Montana. 2. Classification of Public Lands This project is designed to survey State and Federal lands in Montana and to classify these according to their present and potential values for access to fishing waters. Every effc-t will then be made to have these lands withheld from sale. Statewide; began July 1952, indefinite; $7,200; Clinton G. Bishop, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Clinton G. Bishop, as in No. 1 above. 3. Cataloging the Lakes and Streams of Montana The purpose of this project is to determine by modified measures of standard procedure the chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of the waters of the State. Coverage of the greater portion of the waters is to be superficial with the greatest effort being placed on those waters which are most important to recreational fishing. Depending upon the water involved, qualita- tive and/or quantitative measures of trout stream populations are made by electric fish census methods. Statewide; began April 1951, indefinite; Frank Stefanich, Nels Thoreson, Boyd Opheim, Arthur Whitney, and Perry Nelson, Leaders; reports available. Address inquiries to: Montana State Department of Fish and Game, Mitchell Building, Helena, Montana. 4. A Limnological Survey of the Three Forks Ponds Before and After the Applica- tion of Toxicants A limnological survey is to be conducted on three cold water ponds approxi- mately two miles east of Three Forks, Montana. These ponds are similar in area (approximately 20 acres) and lie adjacent to one another. Two of these ponds are now known to contain various species of warm and cold water fishes. The limnological study will be carried on for one year and then a different commercial toxicant will be applied to each pond. The investigation will be continued for an additional year. The objective is to study the effects of these toxicants on the limnology of cold water ponds and to determine their period of toxicity and effectiveness in killing various species of fish and fish food organisms. Several ponds of similar size and characteristics are repaorted to be in the same area. A general survey will be made to determine which of these nnaintain fish populations. Those with obnoxious fish will be rehabilitated with various toxicants and the period of toxicity and success of the fish kill will be determined. Southwestern Montana; began June 1956, to close 1958; B. R. Opheim, Leader. Address inquiries to: Boyd R. Opheim, P.O. Box 530, Bozeman, Montana. 5. Effectiveness of Smith Lake Rearing Pond The primary objectives are to measure the actxxal production of Smith Lake as received from a known number of fry cutthroat trout planted and to determine the economics of the operation considering the cost of operation and the value of the yearling fish produced. Flathead Coxinty; began June 1950, to close April 1957; $700; Frank A. Stefanich, Leader. Address inquiries to: Frank A. Stefanich, Route 7, Box 50-B, Kalispell, Montana . 81 MONTANA (Cont. ) 6. The Effects of Logging on Pinkhann Creek's Fish Population The purpose of this project is to measure the standing fish population of Pinkham Creek over a period of years to the end that any changes which n-iay develop in the population may be measured. This area of virgin timber is now being logged. If this logging affects the aquatic environment, it is ex- pected that this change will be reflected in the fish population. Lincoln County; began August 1951, to close April 1957; $400; Frank A. Stefanich, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Frank A. Stefanich, as in No. 5 above. 7. Establishing Measures of Abundance of Cutthroat Trout in Ashley Lake At one time the cutthroat trout were abiindant in Ashley Lake and little effort was required to catch a limit. Due to faulty management, the numbers have dwindled to a dangerous low. This lake is used for spawn taking, and traps are operated on four tributaries. In the last three years, the number of cutthroat trout fry planted varied from 50 to 100 per surface acre of the 3,200-acre lake. Relatively few trout have been recaptured that have been tagged in the traps since the project started. The purpose of the project is to determine the relative abundance of trout in this lake so that the effects of corrective management may be noted. Flathead County; began May 1951, closed November 1956; $700; Frank A. Stefanich, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Frank A. Stefanich, as in No. 5 above. 8. Development of a Manual on Trout Culture The objective is to assemble and summarize material from the available literature into a manual on trout culture. A library on trout culture will be kept up to date and all acquisitions will be author and subject indexed. First hand experiences with disease, diet or other fish culttiral problems will be used to supplement the literature in preparing topical additions or corrections for the present manual. Extensive lists of pertinent literature references will be included with each summary added to the manual. Statewide; began May 1953, continuing; $500; Jack E. Bailey, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Jack E. Bailey, P. O. Box 602, Philipsburg, Montana. 9. Study of the Effects of Various Fish Cultural Practices on Winter Survival, Growth, and Condition of Catchable-sized Hatchery Trout Planted into a Mountain Stream. Data has been collected and is being analyzed relative to the effects of high stocking rates on survival, growth, and condition of resident and planted trout. No fishing pressure other than natural predation is exerted upon the population. Serially numbered metal jaw tags are used for marking the fish. A shocking device is used to census the entire study area twice a year. Fish barriers are maintained. In an effort to measure the effects of transportation on overwinter survival in Flint Creek, marked rainbow trout were hauled to the stream via three different trip lengths based on actual planting trips made under Montana's present planting program. The shortest trip required only one hour while the longest required six hours in a 150-gallon, overhead spray tank. Data on overwinter survival of these fish will be obtained during the 1957 spring shock census. Montana Agricultural Experiment Station cooperating; Flint Creek; began May 1954, indefinite; $15,000; Jack E. Bailey, Leader; reports available. 8Z MONTANA (Cont. ) Address inquiries to: Jack E. Bailey, as in No. 8 above. 10. Marias River Rehabilitation Restoration Rehabilitation of the Marias River drainage above Tiber Dam was accom- plished during 1954 and 1955. The major objectives of this rehabilitation work was was the removal of carp and goldeneye, the decimation of other undesirable species, and their replacement by trout in approximately 1, 000 miles of streams above Tiber Dam. Checking for isolated or localized breeding populations of carp was con- tinued through 1956. Planting of rainbow trout in Tiber Dam and the Marias drainage is the largest part of this project, the planning for which is yet to be completed dur- ing 1957-58. Marias River drainage; began May 1954, to close April 1957; $14,800; Nels A. Thoreson, Lieader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Nels A. Thoreson, P. O. Box 252, Belt, Montana. 11. Biology of the Squawfish and Columbia River Chub in the Blackfoot Drainage The objectives of this project are to determine the distribution, spawning periods and areas of the sqviawfish, Ptyclocheilus oregonensis, and the Columbia River chub, Mylocheilus caruinus, in the Blackfoot drainage. The life histories of these two non-game species are being investigated to better ascertain the necessity and best methods of directing control measures on them, especially prior to the advent of new impoundments near the headwaters of Montana's west slope streams. Montana State College cooperating; Missoula, Powell, and Lewis and Clark Counties; began May 1956, to close April 1958; $4,500; Arthur N. Whitney, Leader. Address inquiries to: C. W. Hill, Jr. , Z and E Department, Montana State College, Bozeman, Montana. 12. Comparison of Fish Populations of Six Clearwater Lakes The purpose of this project is to obtain indices of relative abundance of the various species of fish an six of the Clearwater River chain of lakes in order to better evaluate different management measures used on individual lakes in the chain. To reduce the effects of seasonal and weather variations in net catches, the lakes are netted simultaneously during one week in June by one two-man crew on each lake. Net sets are recorded on maps and nets are re- set in approximately the same locations each year. Indices of abundance are computed as fiducial intervals at the 80 percent probability level of the catch per net-night by species. Standard lake survey information and age and growth data are also taken. This job is in its second year. Missoula County; began May 1955, to close April 1957; $3,500; Arthur N. Whitney, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Arthur N. Whitney, Montana State Fish auid Game Department, District No. II, P. O. Box 1138, Missoula, Montana. * 13. Northeastern Montana Fishery Study In Fort Peck Reservoir and to some extent in the immediate drainage, the goldeye is very abundant. To augment and to bring together the somewhat scattered and fragmentary information on the goldeye a study is being made. To date, scale samples have been taken, stomachs and gonad samples have been preserved, and observations have been recorded. Scale samples are also being taken from sauger and yellow perch. Four cool water ponds have this year been made available for public 83 MONTANA (Cont. ) fishing. One of these ponds was rehabilitated last year and in September 1956 was stocked with fingerling rainbow trout. The other three ponds are relatively- clean and will be stocked in 1957. Studies will be made to determine the best means of stocking trout ponds, especially as to whether or not it is more feasible to plant larger fish in the face of an existing trout population or to rehabilitate the pond and stock with snnall fingerlings or fry. Northeastern Montana; began May 1952, to close April 1959; $7,500; William Alvord, Leader. Address inquiries to: William Alvord, P. O. Box 394, Fort Peck, Mon- tana. 14. The Relationship of Cutthroat Trout and Yellow Perch in Lower Thompson Lake The relationship of yellow perch and cutthroat trout have been studied in 1952 and 1953 in Middle Thompson and Lower Thompson Lakes in order to de- termine any weak link in the life cycle of the perch. Perch fry were effectively killed with rotenone while congregated in schools along the shoreline. The entire shoreline of Lower Thompson Lake was treated with "Fish-Tox" in July, 1956, to eradicate these fry. After the poison had dissipated, both Middle and Lower Thompson Lakes were planted with about 300 fish per sur- face acre. One of the objectives of this project is to determine the effects of partial poisoning and subsequent planting of fish in one lake as compared with planting and no poisoning in another lake. The over-all objective is to deter- mine the most economical method to develop a fishery in a lake that has a started yellow perch population. Lincoln County; began May 1952, to close February 1957; $2, 000; Frank A. Stefanich, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Frank E. Stefanich, as in No. 5 above. State University 1. A Relationship of an Intergeneric Hybrid in Relation to its Parental Genera (Mylocheilus and Ptychocheilus) This project consists of correlating numbers of hybrids with the parental species through various parts of Flathead Lake and various seasons of the year. State Fish and Ganne Department cooperating; Flathead Lake; began June 1950, to close September 1957; Royal Bruce Brunson, Leader. Address inquiries to: Royal Bruce Brunson, Assoc. Professor of Zoology, Montana State University, Missoula, Montana. 2. Limnological Surveys of Various Waters of Western Montana The objectives are to map various lakes and include with the map, a survey of the plankton, benthos, nekton, and physco-chemical conditions of the lake at specified times. Western Montana; began August 1949, continuing; $100; Royal Bruce Brunson, Leader. Address inquiries to: Royal Bruce Brunson, as in No. 1 above. « 3. A Limnological Study of Flathead Lake The objectives are to determine the major physical and chemical factors, the plankton, the benthos, and a hydrographic study of the lake. Flathead Lake; began June 1956, indefinite; irregular; Royal Bruce Brunson, Leader. Address inquiries to: Royal Bruce Brunson, as in No. 1 above. 84 MONTANA (Cont. ) 4. Distributional Studies of the Fishes of Flathead Lake The objectives are to determine geographical and vertical distribution of the various species of fishes through the various seasons of the year as found in Flathead Lake. State Fish and Game Department cooperating; Flathead Lake; began June 1951, to close August 1957; $300; Royal Bruce Brxmson, Leader. Address inquiries to: Royal Bruce Brunson, as in No. 1 above. 5. Ecology of Salvelinus malma m the Flathead Drainage of Western Montana The objectives are to study the life history, food habits, migration, and general ecology of the Dolly Varden trout. State Fish and Game Department cooperating; Flathead Lake and North and Middle Forks of the Flathead River; began October 1949, indefinite; $300; Royal Bruce Brunson, Leader. Address inquiries to: Royal Bruce Brunson, as in No. 1 above. NEBRASKA Game, Forestation and Parks Commission 1. Fisheries Inventory and Investigations The objectives are to determine the status of the fish populations and con- ditions in the many diversified types of waters in Nebraska, and to obtain infor- mation for better management practices for improvement of fishing. The State has been divided into five districts, with a fishery manager in each district. Each manager is assigned study jobs depending on types of water and fish present. The project covers study of trout streams, large and small natural sand- hill lakes, power and irrigation reservoirs, sandpit-type lakes, and smaller artificial lakes. Statewide; began July 1954, indefinite; $50,000; Glen R. Foster, Leader. Address inquiries to: Glen R. Foster, Game, Forestation and Parks Commission, State House, Lincoln 9, Nebraska. 2. Big Alkali Lake Development The objectives are to provide a public access road to one of Nebraska's largest natural meandered lakes, and to develop a parking and picnic area for fishermen. A lease agreement was obtained from the landowner for one and one -half miles of road and parking and picnic area. The landowner was given exclusive con- cession rights for cabins, boats, and refreshments. He also provides a fish- cleaning service. The State furnished the public facilities such as boat docks and ramps, sanitary facilities and does the maintenance on the road and picnic area. Cherry County; began Jxrne 1956, closed October 1956; $6,234; Glen R. Foster, Leader. Address inquiries to: Glen R. Foster, as in No. 1 above. 3. Verdon Lake Development Verdon State lake, a 33. 5 acre lake, was drained and the entire lake bed deepened an average of 1. 5 feet. Dykes were raised and widened, and the water level will be raised approximately two feet, making the lake approximately three and one-half feet deeper than formerly. Cherry County; began May 1956, closed October 1956; $31, 684; Glen R. Foster, Leader. Address inquiries to: Glen R. Foster, as in No. 1 above. 85 NEBRASKA (Cont. ) U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Branch of Game-fish and Hatcheries 1. Experimental Use of Toxaphene in Hardwaters The objective is to determine minimunn dosage of toxaphene necessary to kill carp and bullheads in hardwater lakes of the Great Plains area. Four dosage levels were used in six experimental lakes and ponds. Nebraska Game, Forestation and Parks Commission cooperating; Val- entine National Wildlife Refuge; began September 1956, to close June 1957; R400; Robert W. Sharp, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1006 West Lake Street, Minneapolis 8, Minnesota. NEVADA Fish and Game Commission 1. Pyramid, Walker, and Tahoe Lakes Project The objective is to determine if the fishing in Pyramid Lake can be re- stored by developing natural propagation in the lower Truckee River. If this is not possible then it will point out the success of artificially stocking the lake with various sized trout. Walker lake is already responding to a stocking program. Information is being gathered to determine if a fish of a smaller size than has been stocked previously can be utilized successfully. At lakes Tahoe and Topaz, basic environmental investigations and studies to determine the effect of fingerling and reared trout plantings on the fishery of the two lakes are under way. Began July 1954, to close June 1957; $26,000; V. K. Johnson, R. C. Corlett, and R. C. Allan, Leaders. Address inquiries to: Nevada Fish and Game Commission, Box 678, Reno, Nevada. 2. Lahontan Project The objectives are to obtain a comprehensive picture of the environmental factors which exist in Lahontan and Ryepatch Reservoirs, Stillwater Marsh, Indian Lakes, and Washoe Lakes, and to determine what can be done to improve these factors to improve the sport fishery on these bodies of water. Indian Lakes, Stillwater, Washoe Lake, Lahontan and Ryepatch Reservoirs; began July 1954, to close June 1957; $15,000; R. C. Sumner, Leader. Address inquiries to: R. C. Sumner, 385 West Richards Street, Fallon, Nevada. 3. Stream and Lake Survey This project provides a complete physical inventory of all streams and small lakes in the State to determine the conditions of each stream and lake in regard to fish life with recommendations for improvements and future stocking policies. Statewide; began November 1951, to close July 1958; $20,000; T. C. Frantz and D. B. Thurston, Leader. Address inquiries to: T. C. Frantz, 820 Evans Avenue, Reno, Nevada, or D. B. Thurston, 1117 Sewell Drive, Elko, Nevada. 86 NEVADA (Cont. ) University of Nevada 1. The Fishes of Nevada The objectives are to describe, key, and characterize taxonomically and ecologically, the fishes of the State so that this information will be available to fish and game biologists, University personnel, and biologists in general. State Fish and Game Commission cooperating; statewide; began June 1952, to close 1957; $7,500; Ira LaRivers, Leader. Address inquiries to: Ira La Rivers, Biology Department, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada. 2. Limnology of Pyramid Lake The project was initiated in 1948 in cooperation with the State Fish and Game Commission as a research effort of the Biology Department of the Uni- versity of Nevada to determine methods of reviving the once extensive cut- throat trout fishery of the lake. To date, it has included annual surveys of the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the lake on the part of both the State Fish and Game Commission and the University of Nevada. State Fish and Game Commission and Piute Indian Tribal Council cooper- ating; began August 1948, to close 1958; $1, 000; Ira La Rivers, Leader. Address inquiries to: Ira La Rivers, as in No. 1 above. 3. The Algae of Nevada The project was officially initiated in the spring of 1952. Its objectives are: (1) To determine the species of algae present in the State sind note their distributions, and (2) thereby to make taxonomic and ecologic information of these basic food chain plants available to Nevada fish and game technicians as well as to fish management studies which the Biology Department of the University of Nevada has under way. Chicago Museum of Natural History cooperating; statewide; began March 1952, to close 1957; $500; Ira La Rivers, Leader. Address inquiries to: Ira La Rivers, as in No. 1 above. NEW HAMPSHIRE Fish and Game Department 1. Bass Management Investigations The project objectives are to instigate and evaluate nnanagement tech- niques to improve and promote better fishing for warm water species, pri- marily bass at present. The effect of total and partial reclamation is being studied along with various fish population control measures, forage studies, original introductions of bass into waters without the aid of total reclamation, control of parasites, primarily bass tapeworm, and the development of sources of parasite free largemouth and smallmouth bass fry and aduts. Statewide; began May 1950, to close April I960; $20,000; Arthur D. Riel, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Arthur D. Riel, Management and Research Division, New Hampshire Fish and Game Department, 34 Bridge Street, Concord, New Hampshire. 2. Bass Tapeworm Survey The primary objectives of this survey were: (1) To determine the degree to which the smallmouth bass and other species of fish were infected with the 87 NEW HAMPSHIRE (Cont. ) bass tapeworm (Proteocephalus ambloplitis), and (2) to record which bodies of water were free from the parasite in order to determine future stocking or reclaiming policies. Southern New Hampshire; began May 1955, closed December 1956; $8,000; George R. Morrison, Leader. Address inquiries to: George R. Morrison, Fisheries Biologist, New Hampshire Fish and Game Department, 34 Bridge Street, Concord, New Hampshire. 3. Trout Stream Management Investigations This project was designed as a pilot study preliminary to the establishment of more intensive management recommendations for New Hampshire's trout streams. A preliminary study indicated that the infornaation most needed was a study of wild fish populations and a study of the fishery. Work conducted to date has consisted primarily of creel census and population studies. Data thus collected have lead to some management recommendations which have been applied on a statewide basis such as: removal of legal length limits, extension of angling season, and opening closed breeder streams. Other recom- mendations such as specific stocking policies are to be applied on an individual watershed basis. Plans are to study all trout watersheds in order to establish sound management plans for each. Swift River Watershed; began May 1952, to close March 1957; $10,000; Arthur E. Newell, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Arthur E. Newell, Senior Fisheries Biologist, New Hampshire Fish and Game Department, 34 Bridge Street, Concord, New Hampshire. 4. The Baboosic Watershed Survey The Baboosic Brook Watershed Protection Project was set up as one of 62 pilot demonstrations over the nation under the Soil Conservation Act of 1935. The basic objectives involved were: (1) to discover the best means of soil, water, forest, and wildlife protection and improvement which would be ac- complished within a short period of concentrated effort on a small watershed; (2) to set precedents and develop procedures of local, state, and federal coopera- tion for the benefit of watershed residents; and (3) to accomplish as much actual improvement and development work as possible within the watershed during a 5-year period. The project was completed and a final report has been drafted. U. S. Soil Conservation Service cooperating; Hillsborough County; began July 1954, closed November 1956; $5,000; James A. Lee, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Hilbert R. Siegler, Management and Research Division, Concord, New Hampshire. 5. Rotenone Detoxification Studies The objectives are to test and develop methods which might more rapidly oxidize rotenone in reclaimed ponds in order to facilitate earlier restocking. Both potassium permanganate and chlorine are being tested. In the laboratory both have shown considerable promise. They are now being tested in the field. Fish and Game Department cooperating; New Hampshire University; began June 1953, to close June 1957; $800; C. F. Jackson, Leader. Address inquiries to: C. F. Jackson, Engineering Experiment Station, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hannpshire. 6. Ecological Study of the Squam Lakes The primary objective was to make a comprehensive study of the Sqviam 88 NEW HAMPSHIRE (Cont. ) Lakes, including their physical and chemical make-up, the fishing pressure and success on these lakes both in sunnmer and winter, and the connposition of the existing fish populations. These data are to be used in the formulation of a long-range management plan. New Hampshire University cooperating; Holderness, Sandwich, and Moulton- boro Covmties; began May 1949, closed December 1956; $8,000; Ronald E. Towne, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Ronald E. Towne, New Hampshire Fish and Game Department, 34 Bridge Street, Concord, New Hampshire. NEW JERSEY Division of Fish and Game 1. Marine Fisheries Investigations The objectives are: (1) To determine cause of small fluke in Raritan Bay; (2) to investigate possible relationship between porgies taken in Sandy Hook Bay and those from adjacent off-shore waters; (3) to assist on coast-wide striped bass research; (4) to determine if skin divers compete with line fisher- men; (5) to census fishermen at Island Beach, an area representative of surf fishing along central Jersey shore. Coastal areas; began 1955, to close 1957; $8,000; Paul E. Hamer, Leader. Address inquiries to: Paul E. Hamer, New Jersey Fisheries Laboratory, 126 North Main Street, Milltown, New Jersey. 2. Management of Small Park Ponds The objective is to determine how small park ponds (under 5 acres), which inevitably contain badly stunted and trash species, can best be managed to produce fishing, primarily for youngsters. Ponds are treated as follows: stocked with adult bass and bluegills, adult hatchery bluegills, adult panfish obtained from salvage operations, and reclaimed and stocked as above. Statewide; began 1954, to close 1958; $6,500; Roy R. Younger. Leader. Address inquiries to: Roy R. Younger, New Jersey Fisheries Laboratory, 126 N. Main Street, Milltown, New Jersey. 3. Evaluation of Survival of Hatchery-reared Largemouth Bass Objectives and description of the project: (1) To evaluate the survival rate of fingerling largemouth bass stocked under various conditions, including ponds where bass are not reproducing successfully and ponds where reproduc- tion appears adequate. (2) To evaluate the survival rate of stocking adult bass in ponds containing an "adequate" bass population, ponds containing excess and/or stunted species of fish, and reclaimed ponds. Statewide; began 1955, to close 1958; $4,000; Roy R. Younger, Leader. Address inquiries to: Roy R. Younger, as in No. 2 above. 4. Salmonoid Stocking in "Marginal" New Jersey Lakes The objectives are: (1) To obtain an estimate of the total harvest of sal- monoids from any given stocking; (2) to deternnine size and species producing best results; (3) to obtain an estimate of the number and species of "holdover" trout or salmon taken in succeeding years; (4) to attennpt to evaluate the effects, if any, that the stocking of trout would have on other important species in the lake. Lakes Hopatcong, Mountain Lake and II iff Lake, in Warren and Sussex Counties; began April 1953, to close 1958; $3, 000; Roland F. Smith; reports available. 89 NEW JERSEY (Cont. ) Address inquiries to: Roland F. Smith, New Jersey Fisheries Laboratory, 126 North Main Street, Milltown, New Jersey. 5. Acid Water Studies This project involves studies on highly acid waters including the possibility of establishing sea-run trout populations in certain coastal streams, fertiliza- tion and alkalization of streams and impoundments, improvement of substrate of stream bottoms, and studies on fertility and productivity. Southern New Jersey; began 1952, indefinite; $500; Roland F. Smith and A. Bruce Pyle, Leaders; reports available. Address inquiries to: Roland F. Snnith, as in No. 4 above. 6. Poll of License Holders The objective is to develop a technique of censusing holders of New Jersey fishing licenses that will enable the securing of data or trends pertaining to fishing success, fisherman preferences, and habits. Statewide; began 1955, indefinite; $2,000; Philip Crutchfield, Leader. Address inquiries to: Philip Crutchfield, New Jersey Fisheries Labora- tory, 126 North Main Street, Milltown, New Jersey. 7. Statewide Creel Census The objectives are: (1) To obtain data relative to harvest, fishing effort, species composition, along with rainfall, temperature, surface activity, etc., that may be employed to provide time contrasts on a series of warm water non-acidotrophic New Jersey lakes; (2) to establish a mean trend in fishing effort, species composition, and total effort over a period of years; (3) to locate those lakes, or areas where the harvest and/or fishing effort is changing relative to the mean trend; (4) to provide a basis for measuring the success or failure of certain management techniques that might be tried, for example, stocking; and (5) to locate lakes where "real" declines in the standing crop of any given species are being experienced and, perhaps equally important, to objectively elinciinate situations wherein troubles are reported to exist but which, in fact, do not. Statewide; began 1955, indefinite; $6,000; A. Bruce Pyle, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: A. Bruce Pyle, New Jersey Fisheries Laboratory, 126 North Main Street, Milltown, New Jersey. 8. Distribution of Fishes in New Jersey A general survey of the species of fishes present and their distribution in the State. Statewide; began 1950, indefinite; Roland F. Smith, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Roland F. Smith, as in No. 4 above. 9. Destruction of Fish Eggs Through Use of Chemicals The objective is to test the feasibility of pan fish control through destruc- tion of their eggs with chernicals. Preliminary tests indicate that copper sul- fate will kill common sunfish eggs in 10 minutes when a large crystal is dropped into the nest depression. Yellow perch eggs were destroyed to a lesser degree by using a combination of copper sulfate dust for suspended masses and crystals for egg masses on the bottom. It was estimated that 85 percent of perch eggs were destroyed in a 63-acre pond and subsequently no young-of -the -year were found during summer and fall rotenone sampling. Common sunfish nests will be destroyed on at least two park ponds and yellow 90 NEW JERSEY (Cont. ) perch eggs again destroyed in the 63-acre lake. Specific lakes; began March 1953, to close November 1957; $500; Alban R. Essbach, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Alban R. Essbach, New Jersey State Fisheries Labora- tory, 126 North Main Street, Milltown, New Jersey. 10. Population Manipulation The biological changes brought about by manipulating populations will be measured by creel census, analysis of growth, and changes in population as shown by net catches. Statewide; began March 1953, to close 1957; $7,000; Alban R. Essbach, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Alban R. Essbach, New Jersey State Fisheries Laboratory, 126 North Main Street, Milltown, New Jersey. 11. Introduction of New Game and Panfish Species The objective is to attempt to establish the striped bass (Roccus lineatus) in several lakes. The major purpose is to provide an additional predator large enough to utilize the large golden shiners and miscellaneous fishes. The channel catfish will be used in park ponds where they should be easier to manage and more desirable than other game and pan species. The redear sunfish will be utilized in small impoundments as more desirable be- cause of its low reproductive potential and larger size. Central and northern New Jersey; began May 1953, indefinite; $1,000; Alban R. Essbach, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Alban R. Essbach, as in No. 10 above. 12. Introduction of New Forage Species The objective is to investigate the possibility of introducing forage species that would be available as forage throughout their life span, non-competitive to game fish, and prolific and abundant. The saltwater spearing and anchovy have become landlocked in two fresh water impoundments and their potential as forage will be investigated. Land- locked herring are common in larger New Jersey lakes and will be stocked in smaller impoundments and weedy lakes where they do not now exist. Fresh- water shrimp have been found in a specific watershed and are being investiga- ted as an intermediate food for bass fry at the State Fish Hatchery, and as forage in ponds . Statewide; began May 1953, indefinite; $300; Alban R. Essbach, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Alban R. Essbach, as in No. 10 above. 13. Pickerel Ice Census The objectives are: (1) To evaluate the effects of the 15-inch minimum size limit on pickerel in those lakes where it has been adopted; (2) to obtain routine population and fishing statistics on pickerel from several heavily fished lakes; and (3) to obtain census data on yellow perch and other species taken through the ice. Northern New Jersey lakes; began January 1950, to close January 1958; $1,000; Roland F. Smith, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Roland F. Smith, as in No. 4 above. 14. Studies on the Landlocked Alewife, Ponnolobus pseudoharengus, in Lake Hopatcong The landlocked alewife is known to be a very important forage fish in 91 NEW JERSEY (Cont. ) many New Jersey lakes. It seems desirable to learn more about the life history and ecological requirements of this fish. Since it is also an important bait fish, information relative to the procurement and handling of this fish is also desirable. Rutgers University cooperating; Lake Hopatcong; began June 1953, indefi- nite; $200; Richard Gross; reports available. Address inquiries to: Richard Gross, New Jersey State Fisheries Labora- tory, 126 North Main St. , Milltown, New Jersey. 15. Lake and Pond Reclamation , The objective is to reclaim lakes and ponds, presently inhabited by un- desirable fishes, for species deemed nmore desirable. Statewide; began October 1952, indefinite; $1,000; reports available. Address inquiries to: Roland F. Smith, as in No. 4 above. 16. New Jersey Lake and Pond Survey The objectives are to obtain information on public lakes, ponds, and im- poundments necessary for the formulation of plans for their management. Statewide; began June 1950, indefinite; $2, 000; Richard Gross and Roland F. Smith, Leaders; reports available. Address inquiries to: New Jersey State Fisheries Laboratory, 126 North Main Street, Milltown, New Jersey. 17. Aquatic Weed Control The objectives are to develop and test practical aquatic weed control methods. Statewide; began December 1951, closed Deceniber 1956; $6, 000; Robert K. Huckins, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Robert K. Huckins, New Jersey State Fisheries Laboratory, 126 North Main Street, Milltown, New Jersey. NEW MEXICO Department of Game and Fish 1. Fisheries Investigations of District No. 4 A basic survey of waters of Lower Pecos Valley has been initiated to de- termine the carrying capacity, food content, water quality, and to readjust the fish stocking policy. The investigation determines waters requiring ex- tensive management for trash fish removal, stream and lake improvement, and reservoir development. The Pecos River fish barrier and trap is being evaluated with respect to effects on sport fishing on the Pecos River below trap. Southeastern New Mexico; began February 1954, to close February 1957; $10,000; William H. Morley, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Department of Game and Fish, P. O. Box 2060, Santa Fe, New Mexico. 2. Fisheries Investigations of District No. 2 A basic survey of drainages into the Rio Grande from east of Albuquerque to Colorado line is under way. This survey determines the carrying capacity, food content, water quality, and provides a basis for readjusting the fish stock- ing policy. The investigation also concerns waters requiring extensive man- agement for trash fish removal, stream and lake improvement, and reservoir development. 92 NEW MEXICO (Cont. ) A comparison of the catch of trout taken by day and night angling on the Rio Grande is made to determine whether opening the trout season to night angling would be detrimental. North central New Mexico; began April 1956, to close 1959; $9, 500; W. H. Wolfrum, Leader. Address inquiries to: As in No. 1 above. 3. Food Habits of Mergansers The objective of this project is to obtain information on the food habits of the merganser with particular reference to ratio of game to non-game fish entering the diet. Large numbers of these birds accumulate on certain New Mexico Reservoirs. Statewide; began February 1954, to close 1957; $3,400; Austin A. Roberts, Leader. Address inquiries to- As in No. 1 above. 4. Fisheries Investigations of District No. 3 A basic survey is under way concerning waters in Socorro, Bernalillo and McKinley Counties south of Highway 66 and those waters in Catron, DOna Ana and Sierra Coxxnties that are tributary to the Rio Grande River. This basic fisheries survey is to determine the carrying capacity, food content, water quality, and to provide a basis for readjusting the fish stocking policy. The investigation also concerns waters requiring extensive management for trash fish removal, stream and lake improvement, and reservoir development. An investigation is under way to determine a practical means of removing rough fish from Elephant Butte Lake. This experimental work is to be done with baiting or finding concentrations of rough fish in coves around the lake and then using rotenone as the agent to kill the rough fish. Carp are principally the fish to be removed in these experiments. Southwestern New Mexico; began 1954, to close 1957; $1,500; Earl H. Huntington, Leader. Address inquiries to: As in No. 1 above. 5. Fisheries Investigations of District No. 1 A basic survey of the following drainage areas: Chama River, San Juan River, Rio Los Pinos and Santa Clara Creek and that portion of the Rio Grande between Otowi and Velarde. This survey determines the carrying capacity, food content, water quality, and provides a basis for readjusting the fish stocking policy. The investigation concerns waters requiring extensive management for trash fish removal, stream and lake improvement, and reservoir develop- ment. The cause of dorsal lesions on rainbow trout in some of the State trout hatcheries is being investigated to determine whether solar radiation or basic chemical composition might be a causing factor, as well as turbidity of the water. A bacterial investigation of dorsal lesions is made to see whether any of the antibiotics or sulfas might effect a cure. Northwestern New Mexico; began April 1956, to close 1959; $10,800; Alfred W. Hill, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: As in No. 1 above. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Branch of Game-fish and Hatcheries 1. Development and Tests of Fish Loading Devices The objective is to procure, fabricate, and test equipment for loading fish into tank trucks from production units, thereby reducing manual labor. Equip- ment includes a modified California conveyor belt loader, a boom and container 93 NEW MEXICO (Cont. ) with automatic scale, and a track mounted carrier. The former two concern trout, whereas the latter is for use at pondfish stations. Headquarters - Albuquerque; began May 1956, to close 1957; $3,000. Address inquiries to: Regional Director, u. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, P. O. Box 1306, Albuquerque, New Mexico. NEW YORK Conservation Department 1. Experimental Work in a Brook Trout Lake, Big Moose Lake, Infested With Yellow Perch The purpose of this project is to find if it is possible to produce brook trout fishing in a brook trout lake, physically unsuitable for reclamation, that is infested with yellow perch. Control of the yellow perch pop\ilation by spawn rennoval and extensive stocking of various sizes and species of trout or salmon marked by fin clipping is being tried. Big Moose Fish and Game Club cooperating; began April 1950, to close March 1957; $1, 000; D. G. Pasko, Leader. Address inquiries to: D. G. Pasko, New York Conservation Department, P. O. Box 84, Route 37 - Theresa Road, Watertown, New York. 2. Resurvey of the Waters The purpose is to bring the stocking and management policies up to date on the various waters studied. These included: Upper Hudson, Mohawk- Hudson, Lower Hudson, Delaware, Oswego, Allegheny, Lake Ontario, and Grass Watersheds. Statewide; began April 1954, to close March 1957; $24,000; C. W. Greene, Leader. Address inquiries to: C. W. Greene, New York State Conservation Depart- ment, Broadway Arcade Building, Albany 1, New York. 3. Game Fish Reclamation Investigations Preliminary investigations on a large number of waters are handled in- cluding depth sounding by echo-sounder, biological study, planning of barriers to fish migration and determination of general desirability and prac- ticability of undertaking rotenone treatment. Northern New York; began April 1956, to close March 1959; $11, 670; R. C. Brewer, Leader. Address inquiries to: R. G. Zilliox, New York State Conservation Depart- ment, Adirondack Fisheries District, Ray Brook, New York. 4. Investigations on Control of Water Pollution Field investigations are carried on as a part of the classification surveys by Water Pollution Control Board. Fish kills or other critical pollution is investigated relative to biological and chemical data as relating to enforcement of the Conservation Law on pollution. Laboratory studies are carried on by bio-assay methods to determine levels of toxicity to fish. Water Pollution Control Board; statewide; began July 1940, continuing; $20,000; G. E. Burdick, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: G. E. Burdick, New York State Conservation Depart- ment, Broadway Arcade, Albany 1, New York. 94 NEW YORK (Cont. ) 5. Lake Erie and Lake Ontario Fisheries Investigations In order to provide a continuous record of catch and status of the fishing in New York waters of the Great Lakes, a survey is in progress through the commercial fishermen including studies bearing on angling resources. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service cooperating; began 1950, indefinite; $3000; W. G. Bentley, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: U. B. Stone, New^ York State Conservation Depart- ment, 2130 Scottsviile Road, Scottsville, New York. 6. Muskellunge Management Study This is a continuing study of the resource, involving checks during the annual netting for spawn, tagging work, and inventory of angling catch for management purposes. It also includes survival checks of muskellunge plant- ing in several waters by the fin-clip method. Chautauqua Lake and several smaller lakes; began 1941, indefinite; $1500; U. B. Stone, Leader. Address inquiries to: U. B. Stone, as in No. 5 above. 7. Lake Champlain Ice Fishing Census The project involves creel census sannpling by game protectors, aeroplane coxints of anglers, and analysis of catch data. Vermont Department of Conservation and Development, cooperating; began 1950, to close 1958; $1,000; R. G. Zilliox, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: R. G. Zilliox, as in No. 3 above. 8. Adirondack Trout Restoration Project This is a combination of management and research, whereby a large number of lakes and ponds are reclaimed annually for trout production. Checks of re- sults are made including efficiency of destruction of fish by rotenone treatment and of trout stocking. Brook trout is the principal species with some experi- ments being conducted with "splake" (hybrid brook x lake trout). Northern New York; began 1950, indefinite; $17,000; R. G. Zilliox, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: R. G. Zilliox, as in No. 3 above. 9. Control of Light Intensity to Induce Early Egg Production in Hatchery Trout Much earlier trout eggs are produced through control of light intensity beginning in the spring. Although this is new a standard procedure further work to improve the method is in progress. Randolph and DeBruce Hatcheries; began 1950, indefinite; $200; K. B. Nichols, Leader. Address inquiries to: K. B. Nichols, New York Conservation Department, Albany, New York. 10. St. Lawrence River and Lake Ontario Smallmouth Bass Investigation The purpose is to obtain facts basic to management, through tagging and migration studies. A study of bass planting by use of fin-clipped fish is also included. Began 1941, indefinite; $500; D. G. Pasko, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: D. G. Pasko, as in No. 1 above. 11. Lake Ontario Lake Trout Investigation This is a joint project involving planting of nrmrked (fin-clipped) lake trout supplied by New York and Ontario for the purpose of developing methods for building up the lake trout resource in Lake Ontario and to make biological 95 NEW YORK (Cont. ) studies bearing on lake trout managennent. Department and Lands and Forests, Ontario, cooperating; began 1953, indefinite; $1,000; D. G. Pasko (New York) and N. S. Baldwin (Ontario), Leaders; reports available. Address inquiries to: D. G. Pasko, as in No. 1 above. 12. Water chestnut Eradication The spread of waterchestnut has interfered with the utilization of large areas of water for fishing and other recreation. Priority is being given to eradication of this plant from all areas of new infestation by use of 2, 4-D spray from air-propelled boat and hand pulling of lighter infestations. Eastern and central New York; began April 1955, indefinite; $5,895; R. T. Harrington, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: John R. Greeley, Conservation Department, Albany, New York. 13. Stream and Lake Development on Public Fishing Areas This is centered on streams where permanent public fishing rights have been obtained and on lake access areas and is for the purpose of improving fishing and public utilization. It includes marking of signs, development of car parking areas, stream improvement by structures and planting of vegeta- tion. Statewide; began 1936, continuing; $200,000; Emerson James, and M. B. Otis, Leader. Address inquiries to: Emerson James, Port Henry, New York. 14. Investigation of Fish Cultural Techniques Research on the development of improved apparatus, methods and quality of fish is being handled covering trout and muskellunge culture. The project includes survival studies by creel census and electric shocker, covering brook and brown trout, using fish which have been subjected to special colora- tion and conditioning experiments as well as control lots. The muskellxinge work involves study of rearing to late summer in troughs by feeding minnows. Rome, Prendergast Point and other hatcheries; began April 1954, indefi- nite; $26, 269; John R . Greeley, D. C. Haskell, D. G. Pasko and R. G. Norton, Leaders; reports available. Address inquiries to: John R. Greeley, as in No. 12 above. 15. Reclamation of Gilbert Lake State Park Waters Gilbert Lake (38 acres) and two smaller bodies of water (14 and 4 acres) are being treated with rotenone under this project previous to stocking. Began September 1956, closed December 1956; $561; A. C. Petty, Leader. Address inquiries to: A. C. Petty, New York State Conservation Depart- ment, 21 Lackawanna Avenue, Norwich, New York. 16. Chenango Lake Creel Census Chenango Lake, treated with rotenone in 1955 and stocked with trout, affords favorable opportunity to test various methods of planting brook and rainbow trout under heavy angling pressure. A virtually complete creel census is obtainable through an angler permit system on this State Park. Tagged trout are used in this study. Chenango Valley State Park; began April 1956, to close March 1958; $3,613; A. C. Petty, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: A. C. Petty, as .n No. 15 above. 96 NEW YORK (Cont. ) 17. Acquisition of Public Fishing Rights on Streanns and Lake Access This represents a continuation of the program of acquiring fishing rights on good trout streams, mainly through perpetual easements and also includes acquisition of access points on lakes by land purchase. Statewide; began 1935, continuing; $75,000; C. E. Parker, Leader. Address inquiries to: C. W. Greene, New York State Conservation De- partment, Albany,. New York. 18. Marine District Inshore Fisheries Investigation A statistical survey of weakfish, striped bass, fluke and various inshore species. A research vessel (40-foot trawler) will be completed and in use by 1957. Long Island; began January 1956, indefinite; $48, 713; John C. Poole, Leader. Address inquiries to: John C. Poole, Conservation Department, 65 West Sunrise Highway, Freeport, L. I. , New York. 19. Selective Breeding of Trout for Disease Resistance This project aims to develop methods for decreasing loss in rearing trout (especially through ulcer disease and furunculosis) by testing of partially disease-resistant strains and selective breeding from the best of such strains. .jcrnell University cooperating; Rome Hatchery Laboratory; began April 1952, indefinite; $17,240; Neil Ehlinger, Leader. Address inquiries to: R. I. Stevens, Rome Fish Hatchery Laboratory, Rome, New York. 20. Landlocked Salnnon Project This is a combined research and management project to determine prac- tical nnethods for increasing salmon in lakes and to manage waters where salmon fishing has been built up. The principal species is the landlocked (Atlantic) salmon, but work with red salmon (sockeye) is included. Statewide; began 1944, indefinite; $7,000; John R. Greeley, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: John R. Greeley, as in No. 12 above. 21. Experimental Carp Control To date, practical methods for reducing carp materially have not been devised and research to test the effect of internal poisons looking toward and development of poison bait technique j \\ ill be emphasized. Testing and develop- ment of electric apparatus, a boat shocker and electric trawl, is in progress in order to improve fish population sampling as a means toward evaluating carp and associated fish. In one lake where a dense population of carp was destroyed by use of rotenone, the regrowth of vegetation is being studied. Statewide; began June 1953, indefinite; $35,277; H. A. Loeb, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: H. A. Loeb, 21 Lackawanna Avenue, Norwich, New York. Cornell University Finger Lakes Investigations: Life History and Management of Rainbow Trout Intensive study is in progress on the populations of three Finger Lakes that have self-sustaining populations. This work was prompted by lack of success in establishing rainbow trout in Cayuga Lake following repeated hatchery plant- ings with fish of both domestic and wild parents. Spawning runs are sampled by electrofishing. After usual processing. 97 NEW YORK (Cont. ) fish are tagged and released. Recovery for tags in both tributaries and lakes permits evaluation of utilization in the two habitats. A creel census by Game Protectors permits estimation of the total stream catch during the opening week of the fishing season. A detailed analysis of the life histories in the dif- ferent lakes is made from scale analyses. Direct observations were also carried out on habits and growth of fry and parr. A special study, completed in 1956, was concerned with qviality of tributary streams for spawning. New York Conservation Department and U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service cooperating; Keuka, Seneca and Skaneateles Lakes; began March 1946, to close June 1957; $2,750; Wilbur L. Hartman and Richard W. Hatch, Leaders. Address inquiries to: Dwight A. Webster, Fernow Hall, Cornell Uni- versity, Ithaca, New York. 2. Finger Lakes Investigations; Life History and Population Dynamics of Small- mouth Bass in Cayuga Lake, New York Bass concentrate in a localized area of Cayuga Lake during the fall months. It is possible to accurately census the angling catch here as well as obtain bass for tagging. From data now available the relation of the fall concentration to the lake as a whole can be established and fluctuations in growth and abundance studied. Possible use of stocking hatchery- reared fingerling bass in supple- menting the natural population has received attention; over 120, 000 marked fish have been planted. Field work in this project has been discontinued and data are being summarized. New York Conservation Department cooperating; Cayuga Lake, Tompkins, Cayuga, and Seneca Counties; began September 1941, to close 1957; $1,150; Dwight A. Webster, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Dwight A. Webster, as in No. 1 above. 3'. Finger Lakes Investigations: Management of Lake Trout in Cayuga Lake With Particular Reference to the Role of Hatchery Trout Principal objectives are concerned with (1) the relative survival of hatchery reared fingerlings and yearling lake trout and (2) the contribution of the hatchery stock to the total population. In addition, the role of lamprey eels, exploitation, and mortality rates are considered. The annual stocking program consists of 80,000 fall fingerlings (half marked) and 8, 000 spring yearlings (all marked). Sampling is primarily in summer using a graded series of gill nets (1^- to 3j-inch stretched mesh), of which a total of 25, 000 feet is set according to predetermined design. Addi- tional sampling is carried out on the spawning grounds. Nev.' York Conservation Department cooperating; Cayuga Lake; began August 1946, indefinite; $5,250; Dwight A. Webster, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Dwight A. Webster, as in No. 1 above. 4. Population Dynamics of the Common Whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) and Round Whitefish (Coregonus quadrilaterle) in Little Moose Lake The ultimate aim is to improve forage conditions for landlocked salmon (Salmo salar). An attempt is being made to reduce the numbers of adult white- fish of both species to encourage larger populations of young stock (potential salnnon food). Control measures consist of trap netting in spawning season. Owing to lack of exploitation, growth in the common whitefish, in particular, has stagnated after sexual maturity and production of young is of a low order. Statistics on growth, age composition, mortality rates and estimated popula- tion are taken to assess progress of programs. Complementary data are also available on growth and abundance of brook trout, lake trout, and salmon. New York Conservation Department cooperating; Herkimer County; began 98 NEW YORK (Cont. ) October 1952, to close 1956; Paul C. Neth, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Dwight A. Webster, as in No. 1 above. Reduction of Competitors in Ponds by Methods Other Than Total Reclamation Many potential trout waters are not suited to reclamation by chemical means. Reduction of competition by alternative means {trapping, partial poisoning) is theoretically possible but the practicability needs to be tested from the standpoint of long term benefits. Following initial reduction of the competitors the problems resolve to whether satisfactory trout production can be maintained by periodic control measures and/or biological control by an increased predator population. Three waters are involved, of 140, 85 and 25 acres. Substantial reduc- tions of the competing species (mostly suckers, Castostomus commersoni) have been attained in two ponds. New York Conservation Department cooperating: rlerkimer and Franklin Counties; began April 1954, indefinite; Dwight A. Webster, Leader. Address inquiries to: Dwight A. Webster, as in No. 1 above. Production of Brook Trout in Adirondack Ponds Seven ponds varying in size from 5 to 40 acres are included in the study. Procedure consists of population inventories in the spring and fall designed to yield estimates of total standing crop and mortality rates. Data on yield to angling are also available. Annual plantings of marked fall fingerlings are made to maintain the stock or to assist in evaluating natural production. New York Conservation Department cooperating; Herkimer and Franklin Counties; began October 1954, to close 1958; Richard W. Hatch and Dwight A. Webster, Leaders; reports available. Address inquiries to: Dwight A. Webster, as in No. 1 above. Attempted Improvement in Quality of Brook Trout in a Primitive Adirondack Stream Brook trout in this stream are abundant but grow slowly and rarely exceed 10 inches in length (average 6-7 inches). The upper 10 miles of the stream and its watershed are entirely on private land; fishing is controlled. Apparently a heavy population of competing native species (suckers and minnow^ is present. These have been eliminated in two headwater ponds from which they were mi- grating downstream. Four two-way fish traps are operated on the stream system for the removal of competing species and study of movements of all species. Larger (10-13 inches) brook trout have been transferred from the reclaimed headwater ponds in an attempt to provide some measure of biological control. Scale samples, lengths and weights are taken annually from a sample of the trout population and are used for judging progress of work. Inventory by electrofishing of the fish populations is planned. Additional measures for improving size of trout population consist of partial chemical eradication of connpeting species in certain sections of the stream and artificial fertilization. New York Conservation Department cooperating; Franklin County; began October 1952, indefinite; Dwight A. Webster, Leader. Address inquiries to: Dwight A. Webster, as in No. 1 above. Life History and Management of Landlocked Salmon (Salmo salar) in Little Moose Lake The small but self-perpetuated population of salmon in Little Moose Lake has been markedly increased by lake plantings of hatchery reared yearling and two-year-old salmon. Growth and maturity pattern in these two groups shows divergence; these are being studied in relation to the natural life history in which 99 NEW YORK (Cont. ) parr migrate to the lake from the outlet one or two years following hatching. The possibilities of increased natural production of parr by improvement of the outlet spawning area and by planting of eyed eggs or advanced fry are also being studied. New York Conservation Departnnent cooperating; Herkimer County; began April 1951, indefinite; Dwight A. Webster, Leader. Address inquiries to: Dwight A. Webster, As in No. 1 above. 9. Fisheries Management in New York Lakes and Ponds This project is designee to develop nnanagement methods which will provide meLximum sustained yields of fish in farm ponds and lakes of New York State. Farm pond investigations are concerned with trout ponds, ponds stocked with warm-water game and pan fish, and bait minnow ponds. Work on trout ponds includes evaluations of experimental stocking rates of brook and rainbow trout, determinations of growth, angling yield and natural mortality, and in- vestigations of the suitability of various trout hybrids and late-maturing strains. Research on warm-water ponds is concerned with evaluations of various stocking ratios of largemouth bass and bluegill sunfish, of ponds stocked with bass fingerlings and adult golden shiners, and of ponds stocked with channel catfish alone. Objectives of the minnow pond studies are to determine production, growth, and optimum stocking rates and stocking methods for the golden shiner, white sucker, fathead minnow, and silvery minnow. Lake studies, which were begun in April 1956, with preliminary investiga- tions on Oneida Lake, New York, are designed to formulate management recom- mendations for warm-water game species on the basis of infornnation on fish pop- ulations obtained from creel census, tagging, and sampling by means of trap nets, gill nets, trawls, and electrical fishing devices. New York Conservation Department cooperating; Central New York; began April 1952, to close March 1959; $40,000; Alfred W. Eipper, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Alfred W. Eipper, Fernow Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York. 10. Population Structure of the Bluefish, Pomatomus saltatrix The objective is to determine if the Atlantic Coast bluefish population is one large intermingling vinit. Specimens have been obtained of young and adults from a wide range along the coast and are now being studied. Fin rays, lateral line scales, and other meristic characters are being used in the pre- liminary phases. Sport Fishing Institute, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Institute of Fisheries Research of the University of North Carolina, Massachusetts De- partment of Natural Resources, New Jersey Department of Conservation and Economic Development, and Rutgers University cooperating; Cornell University; began September 1956, indefinite; $1,800; Edward C. Raney and William Albert Lund, Jr. , Leaders. Address inquiries to: Edward C. Raney, Department of Conservation, Fernow Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York. 11. Population Structure of the Atlantic Coast Striped Bass The object is to determine the population units of the Atlantic Coast striped bass. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Sport Fishing Institute cooperating; Cornell University; began Septernber 1952, indefinite; $2,400; Edward C. Raney, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Edward C. Raney, as in No. 10 above. 100 NEW YORK (Cont. ) 12. Atlantic States Cooperative Striped Bass Program The several states are investigating local problems which involve inventory, catch and effort, location of spawning grounds, movements of local populations, physiology, growth and early life history, ecology, survival of young, sex ratios, food, populations estimates, effects of pollution, etc. In the coordinator's laboratory, studies of racial structure, especially of the subpopulations in Chesapeake Bay, using fin ray, scale, gill raker counts, morphometric characters, and scale characters, continue. General studies of migration as determined by tagging are also under way. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Sport Fishing Institute, U. S. Public Health Service, U. S. Corps of Engineers, and conservation agencies in Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Mary- land, Virginia, North Carolina, and South Carolina, also Maryland, North Carolina and Rutgers Universities, as well as other organizations cooperating; Atlantic Coast states; began September 1952, indefinite; $90,000; Edward C. Raney, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Edward C. Raney, as in No. 10 above. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Branch of Fishery Biology 1. Vitamin Requirement of Trout The objectives are: (1) To determine the vitamin requirements of trout and the symptoms of deficiencies by means of vitamin test diets and micro- biological assays (2) to improve the health, increase the rate of growth, and lower the cost of producing hatchery trout. New York Conservation Department and Cornell University cooperating; Cortland; began April 1940, to close January 1957; Arthur M. Phillips, Jr. , Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Arthur M. Phillips, Jr. , U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Cortland, New York. 2. Development of Practical Diets for Trout The objectives are: (1) To determine the value of various dietary mixture in terms of growth, cost of production and mortality of the fish. (2) To deter- mine the effect of dietary mixtures upon the body chemistry of the trout. New York Conservation Department and Cornell University cooperating; Cortland; began April 1935, continuing; Arthur M. Phillips, Jr. , Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Arthur M. Phillips, Jr. , as in No. 1 above. 3. Use of Radio-active Isotopes in Trout Nutrition Studies The objectives are to study the absorption, utilization, and retention of nninerals dissolved in the water and/or present in the diet and their role in trout nutrition and physiology. New York Conservation Department and Cornell University cooperating; Cortland, began July 1951, continuing; Henry A. Podoliak, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Arthur M. Phillips, Jr. , as in No. 1 above. 4. The Chemical Comparison of Hatchery and Wild Fish Food The objectives are to chemically compare hatchery and wild food and trout reared upon each type. From this information the effectiveness of hatchery food in terms of natural food is to be measured. From these data an attempt will be made to improve hatchery diets. New York Conservation Department and Cornell University cooperating; 101 s NEW YORK (Cont. ) Cortland; began April 1953, continuing; Arthur M. Phillips, Jr. , Leader; re- ports available. Address inquiries to: Arthur M. Phillips, Jr. , as in No. 1 above. 5. Chemical Analyses of Trout Blood The objectives are to determine the organic and inorganic connposition of fish blood and the factors that alter the chemical composition. These data will furnish valuable information for the study of fish disease and their control. Such data will also provide a measure of the effect of diet, physical environ- mental factors, and disease upon the physiology of trout. New York Conservation Department and Cornell University cooperating; Cortland; began July 1956, to close December 1959; Arthur M. Phillips, Jr. , Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Arthur M. Phillips, Jr. , as in No. 1 above. 6. The Chemical Embryology of Trout Eggs and Sac Fry The objectives are: (1) To determine the chemical changes of trout eggs and sac fry during development and coorelate these changes with physical and dietary factors. (2) To improve the quality of hatchery trout eggs by apply- ing the findings. New York Conservation Department and Cornell University cooperating; Cortland; began October 1955, to close December 1958; Arthur M. Phillips, Jr. , Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Arthur M. Phillips, Jr. , as in No. 1 above. 7. Cortland Within Service Training School This project provides basic and applied information to fish-cultural personnel in an attempt to increase the efficiency of hatchery operation. The training is composed of lectures, laboratory periods, and practice in hatchery management. New York Conservation Department and Cornell University cooperating; Cortland; began September 1944, continuing; Arthur M. Phillips, Jr. , Leader. Address inquiries to: Arthur M. Phillips, Jr. , as in No. 1 above. NORTH CAROLINA Wildlife Resources Commission 1. High Rock Lake Fish Management Investigations This project is designed to obtain fish management information on large power reservoirs at low altitude, and 17,000-acre High Rock Lake in particu- lar. Fish sampling stations were set up at which trammel and gill nets were operated and all catches carefully recorded. Rotenone samples were taken for additional data. Water analysis samples were taken at weekly intervals during the summer months and monthly during the winter. An intensive creel census provides catch information and harvest data A final report of field work is now in progress. Began July 1955, to close June 1957; $15,000; James Messer, Leader. Address inquiries to: L. B. Tebo, Jr. , Box 2919, Raleigh, North Carolina. 2. Acquisition and Development of Access Areas This project is designed to acquire and develop land on innportant public fishing waters which are now or which may become inaccessible to fishermen. Often times leases from power companies, aluminum companies. Army Engineers or T. V. A. provide areas which are inexpensively developed. Facil- ities include a boat ramp and car and trailer parking at no charge. 102 NORTH CAROLINA (Cont. ) Began July 1952, to close June 1960; $16, 000; William Kinsey, Leader. Address inquiries to: Floyd Williamson, Box 2919, Raleigh, North Carolina. 3. Cold Water Fish Management Investigations This project is designed to obtain data on cold water streams, lakes, and impoundments for use in planning a sound fish management program. Trout, smallmouth bass, and walleyes will be studied particularly including their relative abundance, habitat requirennents, and movements. On cold water streams, trout population, catch, and survival will be studied. On controlled Wildlife Management Areas, precise catch records can be kept by operating creel census stations at the only points of access. Survival and catch of stocked trout are measured. Sound trout and general cold-water management practices result. WesternNorth Carolina; began July 1955, to close June 1962; $40,000; L. B. Tebo, Jr. , Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: L. B. Tebo, Jr. , Box 2919, Raleigh, North Carolina. 4. Small Lake Management Investigations This project is designed to obtain fish management data on lakes from 10 to 30 acres in size containing primarily bass and bluegill combinations. Four lakes have been selected in a Wildlife Management Area located within 15 miles of each other and which can be controlled. Experimentation will include water draw-downs, stocking ratio variations and vegetation study. Creel censuses will be conducted to measure the effectiveness of the experimental practices and complete population checks can be made using drain kettles and holding troughs below each lake. Hoffman; began July 1954, to close June I960; $18,500; Robert Humphries, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Robert Humphries, Sandhills Wildlife Management Area, Hoffman, North Carolina. 5. Warm Water Fish Management Investigations This project is designed to obtain data on major warm water lakes and reservoirs which will be helpful in devising fish management plans. It in- cludes the selection of the most important pieces of water on a district basis, determination of relative fish populations, species composition, water analysis, vegetation observation and general survey of the water selected. Fish sampling gear is standardized to experimental gill nets, nylon trammel nets, and rotenone samples. Annual fish samples will be taken for comparative status of popula- tions. Piedmont and eastern North Carolina; began July 1955, to close June 196*1; $70,000; L. B. Tebo, Jr., Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: D. F. Raver, Box 2919, Raleigh, North Carolina. North Carolina State College 1. Fish Culture in Farm Ponds The objectives are to develop a hybrid sunfish suitable for farm ponds, to determine optimum stocking procedures using hybrid sunfish, and to study the effect of fertilization on hybrid sunfish growth. Attempts will be made to obtain offspring from crosses of different species of sxinfish in experimental ponds. It is hoped that sufficient numbers will result to determine optimum stocking ratios with largemouth bass in farm ponds either with Fj offspring or with adults of the different species that will produce offspring in farm ponds. Raleigh and Fayetteville; began July 1956, to close July 1961; $10, 000; Edward M. Lowry, Leader. Address inquiries to: Edward M. Lowry, Box 5215 - Zoology, State College Station, Raleigh, North Carolina. 103 NORTH DAKOTA Game and Fish Department 1. Statewide Fisheries Investigations A program to niap the lakes of North Dakota as a basis for fisheries man- agement. Chemical and biological investigations are carried out on natural lakes, artificial reservoirs, and stock ponds with emphasis on factors re- sponsible for existing populations. This includes evaluation of hatchery plant- ings. Determination of needs for establishnnent of improved fisheries is also considered. Statewide; began July 1953, continuing; $18,250; Dale L. Henegar, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Dale L. Henegar, North Dakota Game and Fish Department, Bismarck, North Dakota. 2. Garrison and Snake Creek Fisheries Investigations This is a program to carry out intensive investigations in the Garrison and Snake Creek Reservoirs. The information so gathered will serve as the basis for future management of both reservoirs. Because neither of the reser- voirs will attain maximum pool levels during the duration of the project it is contemplated that additional work will be carried out on contributing areas in the two watersheds. Began July 1953, continuing; $9,500; Louis Carufel, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Dale L. Henegar, as in No. 1 above. North Dakota Agricultural College Life Cycle Studies of a Calanoid Copepod Population (Diaptomus siciloides) This copepod population is being studied to obtain information on the follow- ing: Time of egg hatching in spring; duration of each instar; duration of each generation; number of generations; time of egg production in each generation; number of eggs, total and per female; reproductive activities: Time, intensity, duration; growth, as determined by length measurements and weight of each instar; mortality; grazing of the phytoplankton where this is discernible; to determine whether quantity of food is limiting at any time; cell volume of the phytoplankton, number and kind of algae; chlorophyll content and carotinoids; photosynthesis, to determine basic productivity directly. Computation of the photosynthetic efficiency of the algal population. The following environmental factors are measured at the same time for the entire season: temperature, air and five depths in the lake; transparency (Secchi disc); phosphate, as free PO4; alkalinity; and pH. National Science Foundation cooperating; Detroit Lakes area, Becker County, Minnesota; began April 1955, to close July 1957; $2,850; Gabriel W. Comita, Leader. Address inquiries to: Gabriel W. Comita, Department of Zoology, North Dakota Agricultural College, Fargo, North Dakota. OHIO Department of Natural Resources 1. Anglers' Facilities This project involves construction of parking lots, boat launching ramps, sanitary facilities, wells, access roads, and fishing piers. 104 OHIO (Com. ) Statewide; closed December 1956; Clarence F. Clark, Mark O. White, John D. Walker, Ray H. Riethmiller , Daniel Armbruster and Robert Cummins, Leaders; reports available. Address inquiries to: E. L. Wickliff, 1500 Dublin Road, Columbus 12, Ohio. 2. Aquatic Vegetation Control Aquatic vegetation is controlled by chemical treatment and mechanical cutters. Experimental use of various types of chemicals and an evaluation of them is under way. Statewide; continuing; Clarence F. Clark, John D. Walker, Ray H. Reith- miller, Mark O. White and Daniel C. Armbruster, Leaders; reports available. Address inquiries to: E. L. Wickliff, as in No. 1 above. 3. Statewide Inventories All major public fishing waters were inventoried to check on production and standing populations. The results are closely correlated with creel census to determine the harvest. Statewide; continuing; Robert Cummins, Clarence F. Clark, Daniel C. Armbruster, Mark O. White, Ray H. Riethmiller, and John D. Walker, Leaders; reports available. Address inquiries to: E. L. Wickliff, as in No. 1 above. 4. Planned Population Balance and Control Program One part of the planned population balance and control program consists of corrective stocking. Several large areas were stocked with large predator species, nannely, walleye pike, northern pike, and muskellunge, in an attempt to improve the quality of certain pan fishes. Largemouth bass and white bass were stocked in certain problem lakes with the same idea in mind. Statewide; continuing; Clarence F. Clark, Daniel C. Armbruster, Mark O. White, Ray H. Riethmiller and John D. Walker, Leaders; reports available. Address inquiries to: E. L. Wickliff, as in No. 1 above. 5. New Methods of Catching Fish New methods of catching fish are constantly being tried. Wire traps of various sizes and designs were fished experimentally in two different rivers. The results will be summarized. Trot lines and float lines were fished experi- mentally in Mosquito Creek Reservoir and Berlin Reservoir, and further study is needed before any real evaluation can be made. Trawls have been used in several inland lakes and rivers to find out how effective such a tool might be in our fish management work, especially as to sampling year classes and possible removal. U. S. Army Engineers cooperating; statewide; continuing; Robert Cummins, Clarence F. Clark, Daniel C. Armbruster, Mark O. White, Ray H. Riethmiller, and John D. Walker, Leaders. Address inquiries to: E. L. Wickliff, as in No. 1 above. 6. Farm Ponds Farm pond experimental stocking of bluegills and largemouth bass has been carried on for the past three years in 12 one-acre ponds located at the United States Fish Cultural Station near Buckeye Lake. The 3-year study will give the results of basic stocking ratios as they apply generally to Ohio's ponds and other small impo\indments . U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Denison University cooperating; U. S. Fish Cultural Station, Hebron; began 1953, continuing; Ray H. Riethnniller , Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: E. L. Wickliff, as in No. 1 above. 105 OHIO (Cont. ) 7. Lake Erie Investigations Lake Erie activities gave special attention to trap net selectivity for com- merical fisheries. The work is being evaluated at the present time. Trawls of various sizes were used in Sandusky Bay and Lake Erie. This study is set up to sample the various year classes of the major fishes, and also to determine the commercial aspect of trawls. Sea lamprey investigations were conducted to determine spawning runs, location of young, and survey of damage to the Lake Erie fishery. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Province of Ontario, States of New York, Pennsylvania and Michigan cooperating; Lake Erie; continuing; Robert Cummins, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: E. L. Wickliff, as in No. 1 above. 8. New Lakes This is the primary method whereby additional waters and fishing oppor- tunity are made available to Ohio's steadily grov.mg number of fishermen. Statewide; continuing; Clarence F. Clark, Daniel C. Armbruster, Mark O. White, Ray H. Riethmiller, and John D. Walker, Leaders; reports available. Address inquiries to: E. L. Wickliff, as in No. 1 above. 9. Lake and Pond Fertilization Fertilization of the Mt. Gilead Lakes for the past two years has resulted in considerable success in controlling submerged vegetation. Bass and blue- gill fishing has continued to improve. Additional fertilization and evaluation will be made. Statewide; continuing; Clarence F. Clark, Daniel C. Armbruster, Mark O. White, Ray H. Riethmiller, and John D. Walker, Leaders; reports available. Address inquiries to: E. L. Wickliff, as in No. 1 above. 10. Fish Removal The greatest removal effort was made in Guilford Lake, where in 1954 there were 63. 4 pounds of fish removed per acre. In 1955 a total of 134. 2 pounds per acre were removed. Those species taken from this 390-acre body of water consisted of sunfish, bluegills, crappies, shad, bullheads, suckers, and other rough species. An evaluation was conducted during 1956. Statewide; continuing; Clarence Clark, Daniel C. Armbruster, John D. Walker, Ray H. Riethmiller and Mark O. White, Leaders; reports available. Address inquiries to: E. L. Wickliff, as in No. 1 above. 11. Zimmerman Marsh Wildlife Area The objectives are to acquire the Zimmernnan Marsh and to develop it as a public hunting area and access site for fisherman. Ottawa County; began August 1956, closed November 1956; $8, 297; Floyd B. Chapman, Leader. Address inquiries to: E. L. Wickliff, as in No. 1 above. 12. Construction of Clark County Fishing Lake The purpose is to construct a 104-acre fishing lake. Springfield; began August 1956, to close December 1958; $145, 000; Floyd B. Chapman, Leader. Address inquiries to: E. L. Wickliff, as in No. 1 above. 13. Construction of Monroe County Fishing Lake The purpose is to construct a 45-acre fishing lake. Malaga; began February 1956, to close January 1957; $183, 000; Floyd B. 106 OHIO (Cont. ) Chapman, Leader. Address inquiries to: E. L. Wickliff, as in No. 1 above. 14. Investigation of Lake and Stream Fisherman Access Sites for Acquisition and Development The objectives are: (1) To obtain tax data, assennble information on feasi- bility, ownership, and suggest a tentative development plan for fisherman access sites suggested for purchase by Division field personnel; and (2) to obtain tax and ownership information, make drainage area studies, suggest tentative management plan, and make recommendations for purchase of lake sites submitted by Division field personnel. Statewide; began March 1966, to close February 1957; $7,250; Osmon J. Ramsey and T. Theodore Ramsey, Leaders; reports available. Address inquiries to: E. L. Wickliff, as in No. 1 above. 15. Investigation of the Effects of Land Use Improvennents on Stream Fisheries The objectives are: (1) To nnake a qualitative determination of the physical problems of runoff, uneven stream flow, and siltation; (2) to determine correc- tive land use techniques that may be used to curb runoff, stabilize stream flow, and reduce siltation; and (3) to determine the biological conditions (fish popu- lations, status of fish foods, etc. ) in the streams before, during and after correction of present unsuitable stream conditions. Ohio Division of Water and U. S. Geological Survey cooperating; headwaters of the Little Miami River and Massie Creek in Clark and Greene Counties; began May 1952, indefinite; $26,000; Edward Brown, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: E. L. Wickliff, as in No. 1 above. 16. Strip Mine Ponds In strip mining coal under private mineral reservations on National Forest land funds are collected from the coal companies to rehabilitate the surface. As part of this restoration program forest officers secure the cooperation of the coal companies in developing small lakes which can be used for fishing, wildlife ponds, and general recreation. Special dikes are required to create the ponis, and the shoreline must be backsloped in such a manner as to cover waste coal, thus eliminating the danger of acid waters and permitting seeding of the shorelines. The Ohio Division of Wildlife cooperates in planning this rehabilitation work, periodically tests the acidity of the water, and stocks fish when condi- tions become suitable. Lawrence, Hocking and Perry Coxinties; began 1936, continuing; District Ranger, Leader. Address inquiries to: District Ranger, U. S. Forest Service, Athens or Ironton, Ohio. Ohio State University 1. Abatement of Mine Acid Wastes The objective of this project is the development of techniques to prohibit the formation of acid wastes in abandoned underground coal n-iines and in spoil from mining operations. Two approaches to the problem are involved. (1) The study of bacterial organisms which might be utilized in prohibiting acid formation. (2) The devising of engineering structures and techniques de- signed to eliminate the conditions which make acid formation possible in mines and spoil material. Ohio Pollution Control Board, Public Health Service, Natural Resources 107 OHIO (Cont. ) Institute, cooperating; Ohio State University and Raccoon Creek Watershed of southern Ohio; began June 1956, indefinite; $30, 000; C. I. Randies (bacterio- logical phase) and Robert Green (engineering phase), Leaders. Address inquiries to: Charles A. Dambach, Director, Natural Resources Institute, 102 H and F Building, Ohio State University, Columbus 10, Ohio. Z. Toxicity of Six Chlorinated Organic Insecticides to Bluegills This project involves the determination of the toxicity of certain insecti- cides to pond fishes in Ohio waters. Department of Natural Resources cooperating; Franz Theodore Stone Laboratory, Put-in-Bay; began April 1956, closed October 1956; Loren Moseley, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Loren Moseley, Fish Management Section, Ohio Division of Wildlife, 1500 Dublin Road, Columbus 12, Ohio. 3. Basic Studies in Fisheries Biology This project consists of basic studies concerning the biology of sport and commercial fishes of the waters of Lake Erie. Special segments of this in- vestigation include: (1) Certain aspects of plankton productivity in the western Lake Erie region, C. C. Davis, Leader, Western Reserve University. (2) A preliminary report on a study of aquatic nematodes in western Lake Erie. John L. Crites, Ohio State University. (3) A quantitative study of photo- synthetic bacteria in Lake Erie. Phillip Halicki, Bowling Green State Uni- versity. (4) A resurvey of the incidence of parasitism in fishes of Ohio waters of Lake Erie. William Coil, Ohio State University. Franz Theodore Stone Laboratory, Put-in-Bay; began June 1956, closed October 1956; $4,500; reports available. Address inquiries to: 1. Dr. C. C. Davis, Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio. 2. Dr. John L. Crites, Department of Zoology, Ohio State University, Columbus 10, Ohio. 3. Mr. Phillip Halicki, Department of Biology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio. 4. Dr. Wil- liam Coil, Department of Zoology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska. U. S. Public Health Service Definition of Water Quality Requirements for the Protection of Aquatic Life. This project consists of: (1) Basic studies on the toxicology and environ- mental requirements of aquatic life; (2) development of procedures for esti- mating the effects of long-time exposures by means of short-term bio-assays; (3) relationship of pH, alkalinity, hardness, and other water quality character- istics to the toxicity of metals and other chemicals; and (4) studies of the toxicity of selected industrial effluents and other materials to fishes. Oregon State College cooperating; Cincinnati, Ohio, and Corvallis, Oregon; continuing; $50,000; Clarence M. Tarzwell for the Public Health Service and R. E. Dimick for Oregon State College, Leaders; reports available. Address inquiries to: Clarence M. Tarzwell, Robert A. Taft Sanitary Engineering Center, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati 26, Ohio. OKLAHOMA Game and Fish Department 1. Fisheries Investigations of Fort Gibson and Tenkiller Reservoirs A creel census is conducted to establish the annual angler harvest in 108 OKLAHOMA (Cont. ) numbers of fish caught and pounds per acre yield. Fish population sampling with gill nets is carried on to aid the creel census analysis and provide material for making an age and growth analysis. Rotenone sampling evaluates success in reproduction and survival of young. Began November 1955, to close October 1956; $23,000; Alfred Houser, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: State Game and Fish Department, Room 118, Capitol, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. 2. Lake Watonga The objective is to construct a 65 surface-acre lake adjoining Roman Nose State Park. Blaine County; began July 1955, closed September 1956; $66,000; Buell Atkins, Leader. Address inquiries to: Buell Atkins, State Game and Fish Department, Capitol Building, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. 3. Summer Survey Project Over 30 snnall lakes, ponds, and cove areas of large impoundments were surveyed during the summer of 1956. In most cases the surveys included the marking of fish by fin clipping, traps and seines being used to capture fish for marking. Fish were marked in an effort to gauge the degree of recovery after rotenoning and to test accuracy of methods used in determining standing crops in various bodies of water. In some cases this system of marking was also employed to evaluate effects of nnanagement practices on lakes under direct management of Oklahoma Ganne and Fish Department. Age and growth studies were also conducted in conjvuiction with the marking and rotenoning project. Southern, central and northeastern Oklahoma; began June 1956, to close April 1957; $6,000; Robert M. Jenkins, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Robert M. Jenkins, Fisheries Research Laboratory, North Campus, Box 14, Norman, Oklahoma. 4. Pre-impoundnnent Survey of the Verdigris River The intention of this project was to make a detailed study of the fisheries resources of the Verdigris River prior to construction and impoundment of Oologah Reservoir. The project included sampling by netting, trapping, seining, and rotenoning. Corps of Army Engineers cooperating; Nowata and Rogers Counties; began June 1956, to close January 1957; $4, 500; Joe C. Finnell, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Robert M. Jenkins, as in No. 3 above. 5. Gypsum Treatment of Waurika Lake The objective of this project is to reduce the turbidity of a 60 surface -acre lake by the use of agricultural gypsum. Applications of the 100 tons of gypsum used were made on the watershed and to the lake proper. Jefferson County; began April 1956, to close January 1957; $1,000; Tom Avant, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Robert M. Jenkins, ^as in No. 3 above. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Branch of Game-fish and Hatcheries 1. Sealed Container Shipment of Warm Water Species To provide better service and to reduce costs, small lot shipment via 109 OKLAHOMA (Cont. ) express or parcel post, utilizing plastic bags and corrugated boxes is under development. A number of test shipnnents have been made. The method utilizes a small amount of water, several ounces of fish per container, hyp- notic type drugs, and oxygen. Tishonningo, Oklahoma; began July 1956, to close December 1957; $500; C. E. Cozord, Leader. Address inquiries to: Regional Director, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, P. O. Box 1306, Albuquerque, New Mexico. OREGON Fish Commission 1. Razor Clam Management Studies The objective is to determine maximum annual yield from razor clam stocks. The project involves extensive sampling of sport and commercial catches to de- termine digger success and age composition of sport and commercial catches. Methods of relating success of spawning to abundance of year-class as it progresses through the fishery are under study. Northern coastal beaches; began 1947, continuing; $8,500; Robert J. Ayers, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Robert J. Ayers, 1236 West Marine Drive, Astoria, Oregon. 2. Coastal Salmon Studies General survey work to locate and correct factors that limit salmon pro- duction in Oregon coastal streams. Studies involve enumeration of certain runs in selected areas, collection of data on gill net fisheries in streams that are open to fishing, and relationships between spawning escapements and re- cruitment. One aspect of work involves analysis of stomach contents of fingerling silver salmon to determine if food is a limiting factor in natural production of this species in Oregon. Ecological studies are also conducted at a small weir on a tributary of a representative stream. Coastal streams; began 1946, continuing; $30,000; Raymond A. Willis, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Raymond A. Willis, Fish Commission Research Laboratory, Box 226, Bay City, Oregon. 3. Hatchery Biology Studies Experimental diets are being tested to find the most economical, nutri- tious diet for rearing salmon and steelhead trout in hatcheries. Major empha- sis has been put on use of marine scrap fishes and fish processing plant wastes. Work is currently being done to control rancidity in prepared meals. One diet is now being tested at production level. In addition to diet studies, investigations of diseases of salmon and steel- head raised in hatcheries are being conducted. Primary attention has been given to kidney disease and tuberculosis. Limited work has been done on test- ing the toxicity of various algacides in regard to salmon and steelhead fry and fingerlings. U. S. Army Corps of Engineers and Oregon State College cooperating; Astoria, Sandy and Oakridge; began 1947, continuing; Thomas B. McKee, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Thomas B. McKee, Fish Commission Research Laboratory, Route 1, Box 263B, Sandy, Oregon. 110 OREGON (Cont. ) 4. Enumeration of Runs of Salmonid Fishes in Snake River This study was undertaken to collect data on the time of migration and numerical abundance of Snake River salmon and steelhead runs. Barrel -shaped fyke nets, as large as 18 feet long and 10 feet in diameter were used to tag fish in the Snake River just below and above Lewiston, Idaho. The nets were operated in two batteries, a lower one for tagging and an upper battery for recovery of tagged fish. U. S. Army Corps of Engineers and Idaho Department of Fish and Game cooperating; Lower Snake River; began 1953, to close July 1957; Edwin K. Holmberg, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Edwin K. Holmberg, Fish Commission Research Laboratory, Route 1, Box 31A, Clackamas, Oregon. 5. Downstream Migrant Salmonid Collecting at High Dams Fingerling collection by creation of surface currents will be tested and evaluated at Lookout Point Reservoir on the Middle Willamette River during the spring of 1957. The reservoir is typified by fluctuating water levels and little or no spill. A large pump mounted on a floating platform and capable of discharging 50 cubic feet per second will be used to produce currents at various locations along the spillway of the dam. Fish attracted to the device will be retained by a trap mounted on the platform. Fingerlings now being held at a nearby hatchery will be released in the reservoir when testing begins. U. S. Army Corps of Engineers cooperating; Lookout Point Reservoir; begins springl957, indefinite; $73,000; Edwin K. Holmberg, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Edwin K. Holmberg, as in No. 4 above. 6. Estimation of Adult Chinook Sainton Mortality at Bonneville Dam This study is an attempt to determine the number of adult Chinook salmon killed in the vicinity of Bonneville Dam on the Columbia River. Dead salmon that had been kept in cold storage from the preceding spawn- ing season were thawed, tagged, and introduced into the Columbia River at various locations where mortalities might be expected to occur. A systematic search of areas below Bonneville Dam was made to recover tagged carcasses intermingled with untagged carcasses. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service cooperating; Columbia River; began April 1955, closed November 1956; Theodore R. Merrell, Leader. Address inquiries to: Melvin D. Collins, Fish Commission Research Laboratory, Route 1, Box 31A, Clackamas, Oregon. 7. Study of Effects of the Dalles Dam on Migration of Anadromous Fishes Salmonid fishes are being tagged at Bonneville Dam and released above the dam to proceed upstream. Recovery of tagged fish at McNary Dam up- river provides estimate of migration rate between two structures. Complete closure of river at the Dalles Dam occurred in the fall of 1956. Tagging will be repeated in 1957 for comparison of migration rate before and after effects of the Dalles Dam might be felt. Fish for tagging were captured at upstream exit of Washington shore fish- way at Bonneville in a specially designed floating trap. Approximately 9, 000 salmonids were tagged during field work in 1956. U. S. Army Corps of Engineers cooperating; Columbia River; began May 1956, to close 1957; Theodore R. Merrell, Leader. Address inquiries to: Melvin D. Collins, as in No. 6 above. Ill OREGON (Cont. ) 8. Suttle Lake Blueback (Sockeye) Salmon Fingerling Survival Study This project is being conducted in conjunction with attempts to establish a blueback salnnon run in Suttle Lake which is connected to the Columbia River by the Deschutes System. Liberations of blueback fingerlings have been made in Suttle Lake since 1952 by the Fish Commission of Oregon. The survival of fingerlings planted in the fall and leaving the lake the following spring is measured at a counting station at the outlet of the lake. Since 1954, all bluebacks released in Suttle Lake have been fin-nnarked. Sport fishery surveys have been made at the lake to determine the contribution of marked bluebacks to the sport fishery. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service cooperating; Suttle Lake; began 1954, continuing; Robert L. Rulifson, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Robert L. Rulifson, Fish Commission Research Laboratory, Routel, Box 31A, Clackamas, Oregon. 9. Gnat Creek Weir Studies Gnat Creek weir, with downstream and upstream fish counting facilities, was completed in 1955 on a small tributary of the Columbia River to provide detailed information on the ecology of salmon and steelhead. Fin-marking experiments have been undertaken to determine the best tinne for releasing hatchery- reared fall chinook salmon. A second study will be started this winter to compare survival to maturity of hatchery- reared and stream-reared silver salmon fingerlings. Similar weir studies at another station on Spring Creek, a tributary of an Oregon coastal stream, have been conducted for several years by the Fish Commission. Detailed information on the stream survival of silver salmon to migrant size has been obtained at the Spring Creek weir. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service cooperating; twenty miles east of Astoria on Gnat Creek; began September 1955, continuing; $10,000; Ernest R. Jeffries, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Ernest R. Jeffries, Fish Commission Research Laboratory, Route 1, Box 31A, Clackamas, Oregon. 10. Hydrographic Studies of Oregon Bays In view of proposed pulp plants on certain Oregon bays, these studies have been conducted to determine the flushing action of the bays affected. Data col- lected during the studies are helpful in determining how long pollutants dumped into a particular bay at various points would be retained. Office of Naval Research, Oregon State College cooperating; Coastal bays of Oregon; began June 1955, continuing; Lowell D. Marriage, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Lowell D. Marriage, Fish Commission of Oregon, 301 State Office Building, Portland 1, Oregon. Game Commission 1 . Fish Lake The objective of the acquisition of Fish Lake comprising approximately 30 surface-acres was to provide for active fishery management and free public use. Harney County; began September 1956, closed November 1956; $12, 000; Clifton Lemons, Leader. Address inquiries to: A. V. Meyers, Federal Aid Coordinator, Oregon State Game Commission, P. O. Box 4136, Portland, Oregon. 112 OREGON (Cont. ) 2. Development of Public Access Facilities The objective of the development of public use facilities for access pur- poses is to provide adequate parking areas with access roads if needed and boat launching facilities. Trail construction and fencing are often a part of access projects. Further recreational developnnent is accomplished in desirable areas by local county governments. Statewide; began January 1953, indefinite; $10, 267; D. L. Eastman and Clifton Lemons, Leaders; reports available. Address inquiries to: A. V. Meyers, as in No. 1 above. 3. South Umpqua Falls Fishway The objective of this project was the construction of a suitable fish ladder over a nearly impassable barrier to fish migration in the South Umpqua River. Began February 1954, closed December 1955; $2,500; Ray Kincaid, Leader. Address inquiries to: George J. Kernan, Chief Engineer, Oregon State Game Commission, P. O, Box 4136, Portland, Oregon. 4. Lake Rehabilitation Efforts The objective of lake rehabilitation work is the removal of an existing fish population through the use of rotenone and the subsequent stocking with desirable species of game fish. Partial or complete rehabilitation work is constantly going on in small lakes but several large bodies of water have recently received complete chemical treatment, namely: Lake of the Woods, Thompson Valley Reservoir, Devils Lake, Malheur Reservoir, Beulah Reser- voir, and Warm Springs Reservoir. Statewide; began January 1941, indefinite; $121,500; JohnB. Dimick, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: H. J. Rayner, Chief of Fisheries, Oregon State Game Commission, P. O. Box 4136, Portland, Oregon. 5. Acquisition of Public Fishing Access Areas The objective is to provide perpetual free public access across and along river frontage lands in key fishing areas through purchase, easement or agreennent. Counties, Bureau of Land Management, State Highway Commission co- operating; statewide; began January 1953, indefinite; $35,250; D. L. Eastman and Clifton Lemons, Leaders; reports available. Address inquiries to: A. V. Meyers, as in No. 1 above. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Branch of Game-fish and Hatcheries 1. Technical Assistance in Fish Cultural Activities The objective is to establish and revise fish production programs at Federal hatcheries in cooperation with State fishery agencies, in order to best serve the changing needs of the fish distribution areas. Assistance also is given to fish cultural personnel toward the solution of biological problems of hatchery management, such as disease control, water quality, weed control, fish hauling, and in the introduction of new or improved techniques. Headquarters - Portland, field work in the several states comprising U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Region 1; continuing; Zell Parkhurst and W. M. Morton, Leaders. Address inquiries to: Regional Director, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1001 N. E. Lloyd Boulevard, Portland 8, Oregon. 113 OREGON (Cont. ) 2. Fishery Management Surveys The objective is to establish fishery management programs, based on surveys, primarily for waters on Federally controlled areas, such as Service wildlife refuges, Indian reservations, military installations, and Veterans Administration facilities. Headquarters - Portland, field work in the several states comprising U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Region 1; continuing; Zell Parkhurst and W. M. Morton, Leaders. Address inquiries to: As in No. 1 above. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, River Basin Studies 1. Washoe Project A creel census and economic survey on the Truckee River in California and Nevada to determine the angling effort, catch, and expenditures in the river areas which will be affected by the r-dthorized Washoe Project. U. S. Bureau of Reclamation, California Fish and Game Commission and the Nevada Fish and Game Commission cooperating; headquarters - Portland; began 1955, indefinite; $15,000; Warren Nord, Leader. Address inquiries to: As in No. 1 above. 2. Upper Snake River Investigations One of the purposes of this project is to obtain life history data of the native trout stocks that are affected by the constructed Palisades Dam, and which will be affected by the proposed Burns Creek Dam. Another objective is to develop means of keeping trout stocks in the area at a high level of abun- dance. The project will develop similar information on other water develop- inent projects in the area as they are proposed. U. S. Bureau of Reclamation and Idaho Department of Fish and Game cooperating; headquarters - Portland; began October 1956, indefinite; $28, 000; Arthur S. Hale, Leader. Address inquiries to: As in No. 1 above. 3. John Day - McNary - Ice Harbor Investigations A creel census has been started to determine the number of anglers and their success in the areas which are affected or which will be affected by the three projects. McNary Dam is constructed. Ice Harbor Dam is londer con- struction, and John Day Dani is in the planning stage. U. S. Corps of Engineers cooperating; Columbia and Snake Rivers; began July 1956, indefinite; $12, 000; Robert L. Hacker, Leader. Address inquiries to: As in No. 1 above. 4. Willamette Basin Flood Control Projects Creel census data are being obtained from the Cougar, Green Peter, and Hills Creek project areas. These Crops of Engineers' projects are located on the South Fork McKenzie, Middle Santiam, and Middle Fork Willamette Rivers, respectively. The Cougar project is under construction. The others are still in the planning stage. U. S. Corps of Engineers cooperating; headquatters - Portland; began April 1956, indefinite; $21, 700; Robert L. Hacker, Leader. Address inquiries to: As in No. 1 above. 5. Clark Fork Basin Survey This project was initiated to make a basin wide survey of fishery resources. To date a creel census has been made of both the sunnmer trout fishery and the 114 OREGON (Cont. ) winter whitefish fishery on Ninemile Prairie Project. U. S. Bureau of Reclamation cooperating; headquarters - Portland; began September 1955, indefinite; $21,000; Robert L. Hacker, Leader. Address inquiries to: As in No. 1 above. PENNSYLVANIA Fish Commission 1. Determination of Relative Disease Resistance in Several Strains of Trout and Trout Hybrids Various trout strains and crosses are exposed to infection with furuncu- losis and ulcer disease. The nunnber of survivors in each group are compared with those obtained using resistant and highly susceptible lots. Benner Spring Research Station; begins March 1957, to close May 1958; $150; Arthur D. Bradford, Leader. Address inquiries to: Arthur D. Bradford, Benner Spring Research Sta- tion, Pennsylvania Fish Comnnission, Bellefonte, Pennsylvania. 2. Study of the Relationship Between Trout Hybrids and Parental Strains Using Serological Methods Antiserum is produced in rabbits against serum proteins of each of the hybrid trout crosses and parental strains developed through the breeding pro- gram at the Benner Spring Research Station. Studies are made of serological cross-reactions that may occur between such strains and crosses. Benner Spring Research Station; began October 1956, to close Septennber 1958; $250; Arthur D. Bradford, Leader. Address inquiries to: Arthur D. Bradford, as in No. 1 above. 3. Investigations of Gizzard Shad Mortality in Pennsylvania Waters of Lake Erie The primary purpose of the study is to determine the causal factors re- sponsible for the heavy kill of gizzard shad occurring during the early spring months in the Erie (Pennsylvania) harbor region. Erie; began 1953, indefinite; $200; Alfred Larsen, Leader; reports avail- able. Address inquiries to: Alfred Larsen, State Fish Hatchery, Erie, Pennsyl- vania. 4. Tagging Program, Lake Erie Commercial and hook-and-line fish species are tagged to determine migra- tory habits. Lake Erie; began August 1953, continuing; $1,000; Alfred Larsen, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Alfred Larsen, as in No. 3 above. 5. Reclamation of Upper Woods Pond This is a study to determine the result of planting trout in lakes limnologically suited to the species but containing established warm water fish populations. Intensive creel census has been conducted over the last three years and will be continued after total reclamation and restocking with rainbow trout fry and fingerlings. Wayne County; began September 1956, to close December 1959; $3, 000; Jack G. Miller, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Gordon L. Trembley, Benner Spring Research Sta- tion, Pennsylvania Fish Commission, Bellefonte, Pennsylvania. 115 PENNSYLVANIA (Cont. ) 6. Sea Lamprey Investigations Investigations are underway to determine the extent of sea lamprey activity in the Pennsylvania waters of Lake Erie. Studies include incidence of scarring and stream surveys during lamprey spawning period. Began 1952, continuing; $400; Alfred Larsen, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Alfred Larsen, as in No. 3 above. 7. Trout Population and Harvest Study Trout stocked in seven streams statewide were differentially marked as to time of planting. A creel census was conducted on these streams throughout the season. Post season shocking was conducted to determine the number of fish of each planting which remained in the stream. Data were also obtained on unmarked fish and natural reproduction. Southwestern Pennsylvania; began March 1956, closed November 1956; $1, 000; Jack G. Miller, Leader. Address inquiries to: Gordon L. Trembley, as in No. 5 above. 8. A Check List and General Distribution of Macroinvertebrates, Especially Insects in Pennsylvania A compilation of already existing data and collections, both personal and those at Colleges and Universities in Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania; began June 1956, indefinite; $200; Daniel G. Reinhold, Leader. Address inquiries to: Daniel G. Reinhold, 644 West Main Street, Lock Haven, Pennsylvania. 9. Lake Rehabilitation This project aims to improve both trout and warm water fisheries in lakes through a program of accelerated chemical reclamation. Complete and partial eradications are being attempted in conjunction with draining where possible. Complete eradication and the construction of fish barriers are considered mandatory for the management of trout in lakes. Rotenone is used to depress competition prior to corrective restocking and introductions of predatory game fish species. Pennsylvania Department of Forests and Waters cooperating; statewide; began October 1954, continuing; $5,000; DeWayne E. Campbell, Jack G. Miller, Daniel Reinhold, Richard Reppert, Roger Reed, Robert Bielo, and J. Curtis Simes, Leaders. Address inquiries to: Gordon L. Trembley, as in No. 5 above. 10. Effects of Natural Occurring Acidity Upon Stocked Trout This project is a study of the problems involved in trout plantings in waters affected by natural occurring acidity. The experiment was conducted in a stream where natural acidity exists in graduated degrees. During 1955 and 1956 fingerling and adult rainbow, brook and brown trout, reared in a limestone hatchery, were tested. Plans are to test (1) trout reared under soft water conditions (2) several strains of brook trout and (3) progeny of two brook trout which survived the test period. Centre County; began 1955, to close 1958; $400; Jack M. Reddecliff, Leader. Address inquiries to: Gordon L. Trembley, as in No. 5 above. 11. Experimental Fish Management This project vindertakes to test some of the more promising managennent recommendations for combatting the unbalanced fish populations which underlie poor fishing. Being tested are experimental introductions of predatory species 116 PENNSYLVANIA (Cont. ) such as muskellunge walleyes and bass into new waters; water level control where possible on a fall and spring basis; and possible experimental regulations provid- ing stringent size restrictions on predatory game species. Department of Forest and Waters cooperating; statewide; began May 1953, continiiing; $8, 000; Gordon L. Trembley, Leader. Address inquiries to: Albert S. Hazzard, Pennsylvania Fish Comnnission, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. 12. Studies on Establishing Rainbow Trout Runs The project aims to determine whether a significant run of rainbow trout into tributaries of Lake Erie can be established through plantings of fingerlings. Runs of sexually mature rainbows into several tributaries of Lake Erie occur each spring. A test stream and several tributaries have been stocked with marked rainbow fingerlings every fall beginning in 1952. Netting operations are carried on in the experimental stream each spring to record the number of individuals returning to spawn. Pennsylvania tributaries of Lake Erie; began August 1952, to close 1961; $750; Alfred Larsen, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Gordon L. Trembley, as in No. 5 above. 13. General Stream Survey This project is an investigation of streams for inventory of chemical, physical, and biological factors relating to fish management. Specific con- sideration involved in this investigation include determination of basic fertility, rate of flow, gradient, temperatures, cover, shelter, pool-riffle ratio, fish population, pollution degree, and evaluation of watershed man- agement. Statewide; began 1950, continuing; $40, 000; Robert Bielo, Daniel Reinhold, Richard Reppert, Roger Reed, and Curtis Simes, Leaders; reports available. Address inquiries to: Gordon L. Trembley, as in No. 5 above. 14. General Lake Survey This project diagnoses factors limiting production and harvest of lake fishes using common field and laboratory techniques. It includes the use of echo sounding gear and self-contained underwater breathing apparatus. Methods of obtaining estimates of fish populations are studied and a search is under way for more efficient fish collection gear. Statewide; began June 1949, continuing; $15,000; De Wayne E. Campbell, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to; Gordon L. Trembley, as in No. 5 above. 15. Water Inventory This project consists of a general biological survey of all of the water areas within the boundaries of the Allegheny National Forest. Plans for coordinating the fish management of these waters, among the cooperating agencies, are being prepared. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U. S. Forest Service cooperating; Northwestern Pennsylvania; began 1955, closed 1956; $750; James Otis, Leader. Address inquiries to: Joseph Boccardy, c/o U. S. Forest Service, Post Office Building, Warren, Pennsylvania. 16. Evaluation of New Trout Diets New diets and dietary supplennents are tested for growth, economy, and other factors. Experiments with fish food pellets have been set up at several fish cultural stations with the objective of converting entirely to this type of food if results are satisfactory. Diets are tested that may be of value for 117 PENNSYLVANIA (Cont. ) commercial, private, or sportsmen's club fish cultural activities. Benner Spring Research Station and major state fish cultural stations; began 1955, continuing; $3, 000; Arthur D. Bradford, Leader. Address inquiries to: Arthur D. Bradford, as in No. 1 above. 17. Culture of Muskellunge, Northern Pike, and Walleyes in Tanks Because past fish cultural work with these species in ponds resulted in uncertain fish crops, experiments were designed to use steel tanks (22" x 22" X 10') for this purpose. Fry of all three species were fed daphnia. Fingerling muskellunge and northern pike received live fish of suitable size as food and fingerling walleyes were fed ground marine fish until planted in the fall. The fish were carefully graded as to sizes. Fish cultural stations; began March 1955, continuing; Dewey Sorenson, Leader. Address inquiries to: Dewey Sorenson, Pennsylvania Fish Commission, R. F, D. #3, Bellefonte, Pennsylvania. 18. Selective Breeding Program for Trout and Refinements of Hatchery Techniques This project involves the application of genetic principles in improving trout strains and developing new ones. Hatchery techniques related to spawning, incubation of eggs, rearing and transportation of trout are investigated. Benner Spring Research Station; began October 1952, continuing; Keen Buss, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Gordon L. Trembley, as in No. 5 above. 19. Study of Water Conservation in Pennsylvania as Affected by Current Practices of Various Agencies This project has as a major aim the accomplishment of uniformity in pur- pose of various practices influencing stream flow in Pennsylvania. It entails critical analysis of stream clearance projects and channel changes in current efforts to minimize flood damage and attempts to compromise methods to minimize damage to fish habitat. Department of Forests and Waters, Department of Highways and Water and Power Resources Board cooperating; statewide; began 1956, continuing; $5,000; Robert Bielo, Daniel Reinhold, Roger Reed, Curtis Simes and Richard Reppert, Leaders. Address inquiries to: Williann J. Voigt, Jr. , Pennsylvania Fish Comnriis- sion, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. 20. The Acquisition and Development of Fishing Lakes and the Acquisition of Access Areas on Public Fishing Waters Objectives are to provide more lakes for public fishing and to insure ingress and egre j s to important fishing waters of the State. Statewide; began 1952, continuing; T. F. O'Hara and Cyril G. Regan, Leaders; reports available. Address inquiries to: (Acquisition) Cyril G. Regan, Division of Land and Water Acquisition, Pennsylvania Fish Commission, Bellefonte, Pennsyl- vania, and (Development) Thomas F. O'Hara, Chief Engineer , Pennsylvania Fish Commission, Bellefonte, Pennsylvania. U. S. Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station 1. Water Quality Relations The objective is to determine the effect of forest management, changes in 118 PENNSYLVANIA (Cont. ) vegetation, logging and other access roads, and skid roads upon quality of water. Water quality measurements before treatment of small forested water- sheds are compared with quality measured after treatment. Pennsylvania Department of Forests and Waters and U. S. Geological Survey; headquarters - Upper Darby; began 1951; Kenneth G. Reinhart, Irvin C. Reigner, and Victor S. Jensen, Leaders; reports available. Address inquiries to: Kenneth G. Reinhart, Mountain State Research Center, Elkins, West Virginia (Allegheny Mts.), Irvin C. Reigner, Kingston Research Center, Kingston, Pennsylvania (Pocono Plateau), and Victor S. Jensen, White Pine-hardwood Research Center, Laconia, New Hampshire (White Mountains). 2. Streamflow Relations The objective is to determine the influence of forest management practices and changes in vegetation upon streamflow. Research is conducted on small, forested watersheds on which continuous streamflow records taken during a pre-treatmeint period are compared with records taken after treatment on records from a control watershed. Effects of treatment on water yield, peak flows, and low flows are determined. Pennsylvania Department of Forests and Waters and U. S. Geological Survey cooperating; headquarters - Upper Darby; began 1951; Kenneth G. Reinhart, Irvin C. Reigner, and Victor S. Jensen, Leaders; reports available. Address inquiries to: A^ in No. 1 above. Lehigh University 1. Study of Effects of Thermal Pollution on Delaware River Fish Approximately 120, 000 g. p. m. of river water is taken from the river to be used as cooling water in a steam electric plant. The water temperature is raised about 26° F. by passage through the plant and then returned to the river. The study being made includes the effects of heated water on river fishes, plankton, aquatic insect populations , and aquatic plants. Chemical and temperature studies are also conducted. Pennsylvania Power and Light Company cooperating; Martins Creek, Pennsylvania and portion of Delaware River; began December 1955, to close December 1957; F. J. Trembley, Leader. Address inquiries to: F. J. Trembley, Department of Biology, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania State University 1. The Effect of Differential Feeding Experiences Upon Survival of Trout in Arti- ficial and Natural Environments The objective is to test the hypothesis that the food type (natural food versus ground liver) first experienced by trout will be related to their rate of survival under natural and artificial conditions. Four groups of 312 brown trout were fed daphnia, liver, or sequential combinations of these for seven months before release into a natural stream controlled by weirs and traps. A sur- vival covint will be made in late November 1956, and again in March 1957, to check winter survival. A controlled fishing test of catchability will be made ■ in April 1957, to determine effects of early feeding experience upon ease of catchability. Pennsylvania Fish Connmission cooperating; Benner Spring Research Sta- tion and nearby stream; began January 1956, indefinite; $2, 000; R. E. Stover and J. H. Grosslite, Leaders; reports available. 119 PENNSYLVANIA (Cont. ) Address inquiries to: R. E. Stover or J. H. Grosslite, Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania. 2. Studies of Diseases of Game and Pan Fish Having a Possible Viral Etiology, Using Cell Cultures in vitro Originating from Normal Fish Tissues The objectives are: (1) To develop techniques for the production of cell cultures in vitro originating from normal fish tissues; (2) to attempt to isolate and study agents from diseased fish showing lesions of probable viral etiology; and (3) to make epizootiological studies of diseased fish populations for the purpose of eventual disease control. Pennsylvania Fish Commission cooperating; Pennsylvania State University; began September 1956, to close August 1959; $4,250; A. D. Bradford and E. H. Ludwig, Leaders. Address inquiries to: Arthur D. Bradford, Benner Spring Research Station, Pennsylvania Fish Commission, Bellefonte, Pennsylvania. RHODE ISLAND Division of Fish and Game 1. Pond and Lake Survey This project is a survey of representative standing inland waters to evalu- ate them for management needs. Statewide; began May 1952, to close May 1957; $10, 000; Saul B. Saila, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Saul B. Saila, Department of Zoology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island. 2. Striped Bass Physiological Investigations The objectives are to establish a local race of striped bass in Rhode Island's coastal waters and attempt to establish striped bass in fresh and brackish water ponds. Studies include: (1) The effects of fish pituitary in- jections on sexual development, (2) the effects of certain synthetic hormones on salt retention and the ability to survive transfers from a more to a less concentrated medium, (3) eifects on movements of migrant fish held beyond the normal migration period, (4) effects of thyroid inhibitor on migration and movement, and (5) a study of maximum temperature tolerance in the jj striped bass. Headquarters - University of Rhode Island; began March 1956, to close February 1959; $10,000; Saul B. Saila, Leader. Address inquiries to: Donald B. Horton, Division of Fish and Game, 83 Park Street, Providence, Rhode Island. 3. Construction and Improvement of Fishing Areas on State -Owned Lands J The objective is to improve sport fishery facilities on state-owned or controlled lands by construction of ponds, stream improvement structures, parking lots, stream-side paths, and other facilities. Statewide; began December 1953, indefinite; $23,500; Chester Whaley, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: John M. Cronan, Division of Fish and Game, 83 Park Street, Providence, Rhode Island. 120 , RHODE ISLAND (Cont. ) University of Rhode Island 1. Winter Flounder Population Study By tag and recapture methods this project determines the breeding popula- tion in a defined area, the contribution at breeding area to the local fishery, and nnortality components. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Rhode Island Division of Fish and Game, cooperating; statewide; began September 1956, to close September 1958; $6, 000; Saul B. Saila, Leader. Address inquiries to: Narragansett Marine Laboratory, Kingston, Rhode Island, SOUTH CAROLINA Wildlife Resources Department 1. Lake Greenwood and Lake Murray Fisheries Investigations The project is concerned with studies to determine the condition of the fisheries and methods by which they may be improved. Presently in operation are population studies using rotenone, population studies using nets, creel census, and age-growth studies. Began July 1956, to close June 1957; $8,221; Otho May, Leader. Address inquiries to: Jefferson C. Fuller, South Carolina Wildlife Resources Department, Box 360, Columbia, South Carolina. 2. Bennettsville Public Fishing Lake and Wildlife Refuge Three hundred acres of water will be impounded. It will be stocked with bluegill and largemouth bass and will be fertilized. Near Bennettsville; began August 1955, to close June 1957; $54, 935; Jefferson C. Fuller, Jr. , Leader. Address inquiries to: Jefferson C. Fuller, as in No. 1 above. 3. Cannp Croft Public Fishing Area The purpose of the project is maintenance of the area and management of the 40-acre lake in such a manner as to produce sport fishing. Spartanburg; began July 1956, to close June 1957; $3,313; Howard Vise, Leader. Address inquiries to: Jefferson C. Fuller, as in No. 1 above. 4. Chester County Public Fishing Area The objective is to construct a 40-acre public fishing lake. This lake will be fertilized and stocked with bluegill and largemouth bass. Began May 1955, to close June 1957; $27,436; Jefferson C. Fuller, Jr. , Leader. Address inquiries to: Jefferson C. Fuller, as in No. 1 above. 5. Investigation of Fish Populations in Reservoirs The general objectives are to obtain more complete data concerning the fisheries of these reservoirs with the view of formulating sound managennent plans. Studies in operation include: Population studies using rotenone, gill nets and small mesh seines; marking and recovery of striped bass; creel censusing; age and growth; and food habits of the striped bass. Lake Moultrie and Lake Marion; began July 1956, to close June 1957; $14,264; R. E. Stevens, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Jefferson C. Fuller, as in No. 1 above. 121 SOUTH CAROLINA (Cont. ) U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Branch of Ganne-fish and Hatcheries 1. Fisheries Survey of Sumter National Forest Water Fish population and stream studies are being conducted in order to prepare a stocking program based on established fishery management practices. Wildlife Resources Department and U. S. Forest Service cooperating; Sumter National Forest; began August 1956, continuing; Marvin A. Smith and Braden Pillow, Leaders. Address inquiries to: Regional Director, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Peachtree-7th Building, Atlanta 23, Georgia. SOUTH DAKOTA Department of Ganne, Fish and Parks 1. Fisheries Investigations of Mainstenn, Missouri River Reservoirs This project aims to provide a basic understanding of fish populations in Fort Randall (70, 000 acres) and Gavins Point (30, 000 acres) Reservoirs. The project includes: (1) Test netting, seining and poisoning permanently estab- lished sampling stations on each reservoir and its tailwaters; (2) sauger tag- ging in the tailwaters of each reservoir; (3) creel census of Fort Randall Reservoir and tailwaters; and (4) special studies such as the effect of draw- dov/ns to expose carp eggs and qualitative food studies of important fish species. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U. S. Corps of Engineers cooperating; Missouri River; began June 1954, indefinite; $15,000; James T. Shields, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: William D. Clothier, Woonsocket, South Dakota. 2. Construction of Public Fishing Lakes This is a continuing program of new lake construction for recreational purposes. Statewide; began about 1930, indefinite; $53, 715 ; Edmund S. Jacobsen, Leader. Address inquiries to: Edmund S. Jacobsen, Department of Game, Fish and Parks, Pierre, South Dakota. 3. Incidence and Distribution of Fish Parasites This study represents one segment of a long-range plan to assimilate basic knowledge on the ecology and distribution of fishes within South Dakota. Samples of fish are collected throughout the State by the Game, Fish and Parks Department and submitted to the College for analysis under a cooperative agreement. South Dakota State College cooperating; statewide; began June 1955, to close July 1957; $2,000; Ernest J. Hugghins, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: William D. Clothier, as in No. 1 above. 4. Statewide Lake Survey This project is designed to provide quantitative figures on fish population dynamics, habitat potentials and management needs of artificial and natural lakes. Present emphasis is placed on one lake in each major region of the State, representing either a bass -bluegill, walleye-northern pike or trout type. Each type is viewed, primarily, from the standpoint of physical characteristics, water chemistry, fish species connposition, age and rate of growth, natural 122 SOUTH DAKOTA (Cont. ) reproduction and mortality, angler harvest, and where applicable, return of planted fish. Supplementary information is being collected on up to about six additional lakes in each area. South Dakota State College cooperating; statewide; began July 1956, to close July 1957; $37, 000; Marvin F. Boussu, Joseph W. Kathrein, and John J. Gaffney, Leaders; reports available. Address inquiries to: Williann D. Clothier, as in No. 1 above. Chemical Rehabilitation of Lakes This is a standard continuing program of total fish removal by chemical means from lakes harboring an undesirable game or rough fish population. Statewide; began August 1953, indefinite; $3,600; Marvin F. Boussu and Joseph W. Kathrein, Leaders; reports available. Address inquiries to: William D. Clothier, as in No. 1 above. TENNESSEE Game and Fish Commission 1. Sauger and Catfish Tagging The objective is to learn the migration of sauger and catfish from Kentucky Lake. These species have been tagged each winter at Pickwick Dam for the past three years. Tags used are plastic with nylon spinning line. Tennessee Valley Authority cooperating; Kentucky Lake; began January 195 3, continuing; Eugene Cobb, Leader. Address inquiries to: Eugene Cobb, State Game and Fish Commission, 928 Campbell Street, Jackson, Tennessee. 2. Stream Fertilization Investigation Considerable progress has been made in recent years in the fertilization of ponds. This project is one attempt to apply the same principles to the in- organic fertilization of warm water streams. Cumberland Plateau streams contain very soft water and due to low water flow from the lack of a ground wa^er supply, become a series of nearly static pools during the summer. Fertilizer was applied to these pools. The value of the practice is being evalu- ated by the effect on the fish population, growth rates and bottom food produc- tion. Cumberland Plateau; began June 1954, to close January 1957; $7, 000; N. G. Benson, Leader. Address inquiries to: N. G. Benson, State Game and Fish Commission, 210 Cordell Hull Building, Nashville, Tennessee. 3. Evaluation of Brush Shelters Studies are being conducted on brush shelters in five coves on Fort Loudon Reservoir. The importance of depth, spacing, size, and construction of brush shelters on fish and fishing will be evaluated. Gill nets and creel census are being used to evaluate the effect of these variables. Fort Loudon Reservoir; began July 1955, to close June 1958; $2,000; Billy Carroll, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Billy Carroll, State Game and Fish Commission, Room 1-G, State Office Building, Knoxville, Tennessee. 4. Lake and Access Area Development The objectives of this project are to provide access to present fishing 123 TENNESSEE (Cont. ) waters and to create new waters in areas where fishing opportunities are limited. About 20 access areas are being developed each year on reservoirs by building roads, boat laxonching ramps and parking areas. New fishing lake sites are being evaluated as to engineering feasibility and fishermen needs. Statewide; continuing; $200, 000; Norman G. Benson, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: N. G. Benson, as in No. 2 above. 5. Reelfoot Lake Investigation Intensive sport and commercial census data are being collected. Growth studies are being made to determine age classes which contribute to both commercial and sport fishing. Data were collected for two years while white crappie were harvested commercially. Commercial exploitation of crappie was stopped, and the study presently is determining the resulting effect on the sport fishing. Other studies include measurennent of siltation, influence of fish reproduction, and limnology. Tiptonville; began August 1953, to close June 1958; $15,000; Hudson Nichols, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Hudson Nichols, State Game and Fish Connmission, Box 564, Tiptonville, Tennessee. 6. Trout Management The objectives are to evaluate (1) the influence of diet and condition in the hatchery on the survival rate of stocked trout, (2) the effect of stream improve- ment structure on stream capacity, (3) the influence of "fly fishing only" and "large minnow size limit" on stream reared trout, and (4) the benefit of stock- ing Southern Appalachian brook trout. The objectives are being evaluated by creel census and by population studies with cresol. Eastern Tennessee; began January 1954, continuing; $4, 000; Price Wilkins, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Price Wilkins, State Game and Fish Commission, Room 1-G State Office Building, Knoxville, Tennessee. 7. Large Impoundment Creel Census and Population Studies The objective of this study is to establish an estimate of the fish popula- tions and harvest in large impoundments. The relationship of harvest to popu- lation is also a phase of this study. Estimates will be made on the total yield of fish to sport fishermen on three impoundments. Fishermen counts have been made by plane to arrive at an estimate of the total harvest. Previous data gathered on total yield are being evaluated to devise some permanent method of establishing harvest trends on lakes. Annual population studies are con- ducted with rotenone. New techniques are being tested for determining trends in reservoir populations. Statewide; began July 1955, to close 1960; $30, 000; N. G. Benson, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Norman G. Benson, as in No. 2 above. 8. Farm Pond Management and Investigation District Biologists check population balance in ponds at request of pond owners. Weed control recommendations are made if necessary. Continuous research is conducted at State hatcheries and on other ponds on the influence of new herbicides on fish and their value in controlling weeds. Twenty- seven ponds at the Tennessee Agricultural Experiment Station are being used for ex- perimental stocking and fertilization studies. Yellow bass, brown bullheads and longnose gar are being tested in ponds. Work is also conducted on controlling 124 TENNESSEE (Cont. ) overpopulation of bluegills by using wire traps and large seines. Statewide; continuing; $15,000; Eugene S. Cobb, Leader. Address inquiries to: Eugene S. Cobb, State Game and Fish Commission, 928 Campbell Street, Jackson, Tennessee. 9. Warm Water Stream Managennent A survey of the warm water streams in Tennessee has been completed. Studies on the management of certain warm water streams are being under- taken on the value of stocking, degree of seasonal migrations of fish from reservoirs, and control of non-stream species. Population estimates are made on all streams prior to instituting new forms of management. The value and influence of old mill dams and other obstructions on certain streams is being evaluated. Species of fish that are being stocked experimentally are snnallmouth bass, bluegills and largemouth bass. Creel census, population studies, and growth studies are being used to evaluate the effect of the experi- mental management practices. Middle and East Tennessee; began July 1955, to close June 1958; $8, 000; C. E. Ruhr, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: C. E. Ruhr, State Game and Fish Commission, 210 Cordell Hull Building, Nashville, Tennessee. 10. Steam Plant Investigations Water from this steam plant is about 10° F. above regular lake tempera- tures during the winter months. Fish concentrate in the discharge harbor below the plant at certain periods in mid-winter. The objectives of this study are to determine (1) seasonal fish concentrations, (2) seasonal plankton produc- tion and (3) influence of warm water on other sections of the reservoir. Net- ting and plankton work have been conducted in addition to creel census. Johnsonville Stream Plant; began July 1955, to close June 1957; $1, 000; Norman G. Benson, Leader; Reports available. Address inquiries to: Norman G. Benson, as in No. 2 above. 11. Fish Popuiai on and Movement of Fish in Kentucky Lake The purpose of the project is to determine movements of fish relative to season, depth, and habitat. Gear used include gill nets, hoop nets, and wire baskets. They have been fished through one year under four different eco- logical conditions. These include areas defined by (1) restriction of lake to old river channel, (2) slight emergence from original channel, (3) confluence in lake of several large tributary rivers, and (4) broad expanses of relatively shallow water. Catches are evaluated according to species, habitat, and depth. All game fish are tagged. Several new tags have been tested. Growth studies are included. T. V. A. cooperating; Kentucky Lake; began August 1955, to close June 1957; $5,000; William Dryer, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: William Dryer, State Game and Fish Commission, box 337, Waverly, Tennessee. P.eelfoot Lake Biological Station 1. Age and Rate of Growth of Fish in Reelfoot Lake The objective is to determine the age and rate of growth of fish in Reelfoot Lake. Tennessee Academy of Science cooperating; Reelfoot Lake, Tennessee; began June 1937, indefinite; C. L. Baker, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: C. L. Baker, Southwestern College, Memphis 12, Tennessee. 125 TENNESSEE (Cont. ) Tennessee Valley Authority 1. Annual Fall Fish Population Inventory of T. V. A. Reservoirs Information is collected on the success of reproduction and survival of the young, growth and size distribution of different species, available food for game fish, trends in relative abundance of species, the presence or absence of certain species, need for commercial fishing on T. V. A. mainstream reservoirs, and need for introduction of new species. Small areas, 1 to 5 acres, are treated with rotenone in cove and deep water areas, all fish are removed, separated to species, counted, weighed and measured, and scale samples taken. Conservation Departments of Tennessee Valley States cooperating; head- quarters - Decatur, Alabama, and Norris, Tennessee; began 1945, continuing; Ben D. Jaco and C. J. Chance, Leaders. Address inquiries to: A. H. Wiebe, Chief, Fish and Game Branch, Norris, Tennessee. 2. Spring Creel Census on T. V. A. Reservoirs and Tailwaters The census is designed to determine qualitative and quantative trends in the catch, residence of fishermen, fishing methods, hours fished, catch per hour by number and weight, and type of license during a limited season of April, May, and June on certain reservoirs and tailwaters. A census is taken daily at selected stations but no attempt is made to census entire reservoir. Alabama Department of Conservation and Mississippi Game and Fish Commission cooperating; Wheeler and Pickwick Reservoirs; began 1945, continuing; $1,000; Ben D. Jaco, Leader. Address inquiries to: A. H. Wiebe, as in No. 1 above. 3. Fish Harvesting on T. V. A. Reservoirs Fish are netted, caught by hook and line or removed from sinkholes and tagged with Monel metal jaw tags. These studies are made to determine the extent to which the available crop is harvested, the migration of fishes-- especially upstream movement of some species at spawning time, the periodical concentration in the tailwaters, movement between reservoirs, especially mainstreams, and to gain an idea of changes in populations. Investigations are carried out on both storage and mainstream reservoirs, but not on all reservoirs simultaneously. Tennessee Game and Fish Commission cooperating; ten reservoirs; began 1945, continuing; C. J. Chance and Ben D. Jaco, Leaders; reports avail- able. Address inquiries to: A. H. Wiebe, as in No. 1 above. 4. Environmental Studies These studies are designed to determine the fitness of the environment for the existence and perpetuation of a given species of fish. They include studies on water level fluctuations, determination of spawning temperatures, thermal and oxygen stratification, discharges of deoxygenated water through turbines into tailwater concentrations of fish, discharge of toxic materials into im- poundments, and evaluation of the effect upon the fishery of mosquito larvicides. Reservoirs in Tennessee Valley; began 1937-1938, continuing; C. J. Chance and Ben D. Jaco, Leaders; reports available. Address inquiries to: A. H. Wiebe, as in No. 1 above. 126 TEXAS Game and Fish Commission 1. Fisheries Investigations and Surveys Basic surveys to obtain physical, chennical, and biological data, fish populations characteristics, and pollution sources are conducted throughout the State. Experimental control of rough fish and aquatic weeds is also carried on. Statewide; began February 1956, indefinite; $28,681; Kenneth Jurgens, Leo D. Lewis, E. W. Bonn, Lawrence Campbell, Leonard Lamb; Charles Gray, Elgin M. C. Dietz, Alvin Flury, and Billy D. Cooper, Leaders; reports avail- able. Address inquiries to: Kenneth Jurgens, Game and Fish Commission, Walton State Building, Austin, Texas. 2. Caddo Lake Water Hyacinth Control Project A development job carried out during the fiscal year was the Caddo Lake water hyacinth control project. Water hyacinths have covered from 1, 500 to 2, 000 acres of Caddo Lake in the past four or five years causing much of the lake to be innpassable to boats. These plants were sprayed with 40 percent Amine 2,4-D and emulsifiable oil. Spraying is being continued at the present time. Marion and Harrison Counties; began April 1956, closed November 1956; $20,219; Charles E. Gray, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Charles E. Gray, Box 8, Marshall, Texas. 3. Statewide Rough Fish Control Lake Inks, a lake of approximately 850 acres, was treated with Pro- Noxfish in an attempt to innprove fishing by reducing gizzard shad. The lake was treated at the rate of 0. 12 p. p. m. Pro-Noxfish in shallow water and at 0. 13 p. p. m. in water over 10 feet in depth. In the deeper water, only the upper 10 feet of the lake was treated. Statewide; began November 1956, to close October 1957; $7,475; Regional Biologists, Leaders; reports available. Address inquiries to: Marion Toole, Game and Fish Commission, Walton State Building, Austin, Texas. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Branch of Game-fish and Hatcheries 1. Modified Production System - Warm Water Species Artificial feeding in lieu of fertilization, grading, and other production methods are being applied to largemouth bass, redear, and channel catfish in ponds and raceways. San Marcos; began July 1956, continuing; $3,000; Fred Richan, Leader. Address inquiries to: Regional Director, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, P. O. Box 1306, Albuquerque, New Mexico. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Office of River Basin Studies Silt Problem in Sabine Lake The purpose of this investigation is to determine the benefits to the fish re- sources of the Sabine Lake area if silt dredged from the Sabine-Neches and Port Arthur Waterways is kept from entering Sabine Lake. Field work consists of determining man-day use nnade of the lake and harvest. Data are gathered on the sources and types of pollution, chemical, and biological analysis of the lake's water, and physical description of the project area. 127 TEXAS (Cont. ) Texas Game and Fish Commission, cooperating; southeastern Texas; began August 1956, closed November 1956; John G. Degani, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: John G. Degani, 300 W. Vickery Boulevard, Room 2187, Fort Worth 4, Texas. UTAH Fish and Game Department 1. An Inventory Survey of Utah's Fishing Waters An inventory survey for the purposes of collecting and analyzing physical, chemical, and biological data to provide a basis for nnanagement and stocking recommendations and to recognize existing problems that require future study. Statewide; began March 1953, to close 1959; $35,000; Donald C. Hales, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: J. Perry Egan, Director, Utah State Department of Fish and Game, 1596 West North Temple, Salt Lake City, Utah. 2. Provo River, Fish Lake, and Strawberry, Scofield and Deer Creek Reservoirs A fisherman count and interview program on each fishery designed to yield estimates of harvest of all game fish, including fin-clipped rainbow trout, fishing pressure, success per unit effort, length frequencies, and license fees contributed by fishermen who fished these waters. Wasatch, Utah, Sevier, and Carbon Counties; began December 1953, to close December 1957; $19,000; Hal W. Peterson, Leader. Address inquiries to: J. Perry Egan, as in No. 1 above. 3. Investigations of Brine Shrimp The objectives are: (1) To learn methods of harvesting adult brine shrimp from Great Salt Lake and determine the best storage methods; (2) to determine the economics, quantities necessary, methods and merits of a feeding program involving brine shrimp; (3) to develop methods of harvesting brine shrinnp eggs along the shores of Great Salt Lake and to develop methods of hatching. Great Salt Lake and Scott Avenue Hatchery, Salt Lake City; began May 1955, closed Septennber 1956; $11,500; John Neuhold, Leader; reports avail- able. Address inquiries to: J. Perry Egan, as in No. 1 above. 4. Statewide Rough Fish Eradication Project The objective is to eradicate populations of rough fish in lakes and reser- voirs that can be reclaimed for game fish. Statewide; began August 1953, continuing; Donald C. Hales, Leader. Address inquiries to: J. Perry Egan, as in No. 1 above. Utah State Agricultural College The Toxicity of Fluorides to Fresh Water Fish Lethal and chronic levels of fluoride concentrations for fresh water fish and fish eggs through the medium of water; changes in the chemistry of the water medium during the course of the experiment; levels of concentration and distribution of fluorine in fish and fish eggs which have been subjected to known concentrations of fluorides; concentrations of fluorides in various natural waters inhabited by fish; levels of concentration and distribution of fluorine in fish from various natural waters are determined. The effect of 128 UTAH (Cont. ) known concentrations of fluorides on the growth rate of the common goldfish over a specific period of time and the specific action of fluorides on the organ systems of goldfish are also investigated. U. S. Public Health Service cooperating; Logan; began September 1956, to close August 1958; $16,000; William F. Sigler, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Department of Wildlife Management, School of Forestry, Logan, Utah. 2. The Life History and Economic Status of the Carp in Utah This project involves study of reproduction, annual and standing crop in small ponds or impoxindments, and methods of harvesting carp, other than with electric shocking machines. Observations on general ecology and food and feeding habits are also made. Headquarters - Logan; began 1952, to close 1958; $1,000; William F. Sigler, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: As in No. 1 above. 3. Some Aspects of the Limnology of the Logan River, Utah, with Special Refer- ence to the Drift Algae and Periphyton The objectives are: (1) To determine what species of algae are free float- ing in the river, (2) to determine the origin of the cells, (3) to determine the abundance of the various species and how the abundance changes along the river and during the year, and (4) to determine how changes in temperature, turbidity, velocity, and volume of flow affect species composition and abun- dance of plankton. The principle object of the periphyton study is the evalxiation of environ- mental factors influencing the distribution, quality and abundance of peri- phyton in Logan River and how they relate to sampling methods. The factors to be considered are: velicity and acceleration of water currents, insulation, water temperature, water chemistry, substrate roughness and composition, water depth, and turbidity. U. S. Public Health Service cooperating; headquarters - Logan; began September 1955, to close August 1957; $8,000; William F. Sigler, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: As in No. 1 above. VERMONT Fish and Game Service 1. Fishing Investigation and Experimental Population Control of Some Vermont Lakes Objectives of the project are to devise and evaluate methods of controlling warm water fish populations without complete poisoning. Statewide; began January 1954; $7,600; James D. Stewart, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: James D. Stewart, R. F. D. , Milton, Vermont. 2. Fishing Access Acquisition The objective is to purchase in the name of the State of Vermont a small tract of land on each lake and pond over 20 acres in surface area, suitable for boat lavuiching and vehicle parking. Statewide; began October 1953, continuing; $7, 373; Roger A. Seamans, Leader. Address inquiries to: Roger A. Seamans, Vermont Fish and Game Service, Montpelier, Vermont. 129 VIRGINIA Commission of Game and Inland Fisheries 1. Fisheries Management Investigations of Impoundnnents The objectives of this project are to evaluate the application of various nnanagement techniques and regulations changes. Under this segment of the project five activities are being investigated: (1) The effects of drainage and subsequent population nnanipulation on growth and population composition of selected ponds. In most instances, the ponds are completely drained and all fish weighed according to specified size groups. Only those size groups and species throught desirable are returned. (2) The effects of year-round bass fishing on the creel and influence upon growth rates and population composi- tion. (3) An evaluation of the effectiveness of threadfin shad in increasing populations of predator fishes such as largemouth bass in situations where no other plankton feeding forage species is present. (4) An evaluation of chain pickerel introductions in reducing the numbers and thus increasing the growth rates of panfishes. (5) An evaluation of the effectiveness of brush shelters in attracting panfishes. Statewide; began July 1954, to close June 1957; $33,000; Robert G. Martin, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Robert G. Martin, Fish Division, Commission of Game and Inland Fisheries, Seven North Second Stree, Richmond 13, Virginia. 2. Survey of Trout and Smallmouth Bass Streams The ultimate objective of this project is to collect sufficient biological, chemical, and physical data from trout and smallmouth bass streanns to enable the formulation of general management recommendations. Likewise, short term investigations of specific problems are to be undertaken as the need arises. The survey is to procede systematically, treating each watershed as a single unit. It is expected that three years will be required to complete the survey. The bulk of the survey activities will be concentrated during the summer months with seasonal labor. Present short ternn investigations include: (1) an evaluation of post-season trout populations in selected streams, (2) an evaluation of winter carry-over in selected streams, (3) studies to de- termine the relationship between time of pre-season stocking and recovery of stocked trout, and (4) studies to determine the effects of in-season stocking carried out on an isolated closed-pool plan. Statewide; began July 1955, June 1958; $29, 700; Jack M. Hoffman, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Robert G. Martin, as in No. 1 above. 3. Scott County Pond Construction This project is one segment of a statewide program designed to provide additional public fishing waters in areas devoid of adequate facilities. Scott County; began September 1956, to close January 1957; $53, 980; G. W. Buller, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: G. W. Buller, Comnnission of Game and Inland Fisheries, Seven North Second Street, Richmond, Virginia. Virginia Fisheries Laboratory 1. Inventory of Saltwater Sport Fisheries The project is concerned with the sport fisheries of the tidal waters of Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries in Virginia. The species composition of the catch and the total annual catch of each species are determined. Data on length, weight, and age are collected also. Information is gathered by 130 VIRGINIA (Cont. ) interviews, log books, post-cards, and boat counts by bridge tenders and from the air. Began April 1955, continuing; $65,000; C. E. Richards, Leader. Address inquiries to: J. L. McHugh, Director, Virginia Fisheries Lab- oratory, Gloucester Point, Virginia. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Branch of Game-fish and Hatcheries 1. Fisheries Survey of George Washington National Forest Water Fish population and stream studies are being conducted in order to revise and improve the existing stocking program. Commission of Game and Inland Fisheries and U. S. Forest Service cooperating; George Washington National Forest; began August 1956, contin- uing; Marvin A. Smith and Braden Pillow, Leaders. Address inquiries to: Regional Director, Fish and Wildlife Service, Peachtree - 7th Building, Atlanta, Georgia. WASHINGTON Department of Fisheries 1. Nutritional Investigation The objectives are to investigate: (1) all nutritional disorders occurring in salnnon hatcheries and prescribe corrections, (2) various possible diet components for worth in improving current production diet, (3) various com- mercial fish foods for possible application to salmon feeds, and (4) other biological problems related to salmon hatcheries. Statewide; began June 1953, continuing; J. A. Coates, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: State of Washington, Department of Fisheries, 4015 - 20th Avenue West, Seattle 99, Washington. 2. Salmon Migration Studies This project involves tagging and finmarking of silver, pink, and chinook salmon to determine migration routes, individual stocks, and catch within the sport and commercial fisheries. Emphasis is placed on establishing migration trends within the Puget Sound waters. Recoveries of tagged fish are obtained mainly from the sport fishery. Puget Sound; began 1949, indefinite; $15,000; Hans M. Jensen, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Hans M. Jensen, Washington State Department of Fisheries, 4015 - 20th Avenue West, Seattle 99, Washington. 3. Baker Lake Spawning Studies This project involves construction of artificial spawning groxuids for sal- mon to replace areas that will be inundated from dam construction. A complete system of man-made spawning grounds with all physical properties of the area is controlled by mechanical means. Fish will be held for maturing and then introduced on the spawning area. Various environmental conditions will be changed to determine optimum condi- tions for spawning and incubation of the eggs. Puget Sound Power and Light Company cooperating; Baker Lake; began 1954, to close 1958; $77,000; Elmer Quistorff, Leader; reports available. 131 WASHINGTON (Cont. ) Address inquiries to: Elmer Quistorff, Washington State Department of Fisheries, Fisheries Center, University of Washington, Seattle 5, Washington. 4. Salmon Sport Fishery Investigation A continuous 12-month creel census of the salt water salmon sport fishery to determine the magnitude of the catch of the four species of salmon landed. Emphasis is also directed to obtain age and size conaposition of the catch in relation to season, area, and type of lure used. The catch is also sampled for recovery of fin-marked fish to evaluate success of various hatchery plants. Puget Soxind and Columbia River; began 1949, continuing; $12, 000; Albert Lasater, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Albert Lasater, Washington State Departnnent of Fisheries, 4015 - 20th Avenue West, Seattle 99, Washington. 5. Disease Investigation The objectives are to investigate all diseases of salmon occurring in State hatcheries to determine the causative agent or agents, and to devise methods and treatments for the control of such diseases. University of Washington cooperating; University of Washington and salmon hatcheries; began 1951, continuing; Brian J. Earp, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Brian J. Earp, 230 Fisheries Center, University of Washington, Seattle 5, Washington. 6. Capitol Lake Ecology Study An investigation of a newly created lake measuring productivity for rearing young salmon prior to migration to salt water. This program includes the study of rates of growth, timing of plankton blooms with reference to planting of hatchery fry and the resulting utilization of available food. Capitol Lake Washington; began 1954, indefinite; $8,000; James Fitzgerald, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: James Fitzgerald, Washington Department of Fisheries, 417 G. General Administration Building, Olympia, Washington. Game Department 1. Purchase and Development of Public Fishing Areas Thirty public fishing areas have been developed, and 25 new ones acquired. Development includes providing adequate parking space and such grading and filling as necessary in order to launch boats. The boundaries are fenced to prevent intrusion on neighboring property. Sanitary facilities including toilets and garbage pits are provided. Statewide; began 1954-55, indefinite; $200,000; Oliver Edwards and James Lyons, Leaders. Address inquiries to: Clarence F. Pautzke, Chief, Fishery Management Division, Department of Game, 509 Fairview Avenue North, Seattle 9, Wash- ington. 2. Study of Annerican Merganser Predation on Pure Trout Lakes Stomach samples were taken from 15 mergansers which were collected fronn lakes containing pure trout populations. King and Snohomish Coxinties; began November 1953, indefinite; $300; Harry Senn, Leader. Address inquiries to: Clarence F. Pautzke, as in No. 1 above. 132 WASHINGTON (Cont. ) 3. Fishway and Holding Pond for Steelhead The objective is to design a fishway which would induce steelhead to return to t;.e holding pond without being handled. The mature run of steelhead has used the ladder in preference to ascending the main stream channel. The use of natural rock formations and controlled water flows were essential features in making the fishway functional. Washongal; began June 1956; $50,000; Marvin Hull, Leader. Address inquiries to: Clarence F. Pautzke, as in No. 1 above. 4. Determining the Survival, in Vertical Free Fall, of Salmonoid Fishes The experiment was designed to determine the survival of salmonoid fishes in vertical free falls. A helicopter was used to drop fish into a holding pond at the State Game Department's Puyallup Hatchery. The size of fish and the height of drop varied in this experiment. Puyallup; began 1956, closed 1956; $500; Robert J. Rennie, Leader. Address inquiries to: Clarence F. Pautzke, as in No. 1 above. 5. Summer Run Steelhead Investigations The objectives are to investigate the possibility of holding adult summer run steelhead for spawn taking and to determine the success of rearing and releasing the resultant fingerlings. This work was conducted with adult steel- head trapped from the Columbia River at Bonneville Dam in July. These fish were held at the Goldendale Hatchery and spawned the following spring. Migrant size fingerlings resulting from this spawn taking were marked and released into the Klockitat River, a tribuary of the Columbia River. Began 1951, closed 1956; $1,000; Robert J. Rennie, Leader. Address inquiries to: Clarence F. Pautzke, as in No. 1 above. 6. Collecting and Tabulating Catch Record Information The project consists of two parts: (1) The catch of steelhead during the winter season (December through April) is calculated by the use of a punch card which is returned by the fishermen. At the present time about 90, 000 steelhead punch cards are issued during the winter season. (2) Data of catches during the summer season are collected from catch record cards sent in by resort owners on many of our lakes. Also, the spot checks, which are made on lakes and streams by game protectors, are tabulated. Seattle; continuing; $4, 000; Atley O. Nelson, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Clarence F. Pautzke, as in No. 1 above. 7. Acquisition of Streambank Access This project involves acquisition and development of streambank property. Statewide; began 195 3, indefinite; $6,000; Carroll A. Rieck, Leader. Address inquiries to: Clarence F. Pautzke, as in No. 1 above. University of Washington 1. Effects of Electricity on Salmon The objectives are to determine the possibility of using electricity to guide young downstream-migrant salmon and steelhead trout, at dams and other water usage projects, into areas of safe passage and to determine whether the use of electricity in guiding will be injurious to the fish. U. S. Army Corps of Engineers cooperating; began July 1953, to close July 1957; $53,000; Leon A. Verhoeven, Leader. Address inquiries to: School of Fisheries, University of Washington, Seattle 5, Washington. 133 WASHINGTON (Cont. ) 2. Fish Guiding The objective is to determine non-electrical means of guiding young down- stream, migrant salmon and steelhead trout, at dams and other water usage projects, into areas of safe passage. The present studies have been concerned primarily with the use of light to divert salmonoids into desired areas. U. S. Army Corps of Engineers cooperating; beganjuly 1953, to close July 1957; $38, 000; Paul E. Fields, Leader. Address inquiries to: As in No. 1 above. 3. Water Quality Studies The objectives are to collect, analyze, and document information concern- ing past and existing water qualities of sections of the Columbia River system near sites of proposed dams. The data will be evaluated to ascertain the changes in water quality which are taking place now and the changes which may take place as the result of the proposed dams. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service cooperating; began May 1954, to close June 1957; $9,800; Robert O. Sylvester, Leader. Address inquiries to: Robert O. Sylvester, Civil Engineering Department, University of Washington, Seattle 5, Washington. 4. North Pacific Salmon Studies Development of serological and other methods for the identification of specific strains of the bacteriunn Chondrococcus columnaris from salmon and determination of the geographical distribution and relationship of the strains to host fishes. The initial phase of the study has dealt primarily with fishes from the Columbia River. The ultimate objective is the determination of the feasibility of using microorganisms to identify races of salnnon. Information regarding the consequence of the organisms as a cause of mortalities in salmon is also being sought. Marine Vibrios, metacercariae of the fluke (Troglotrenna salnnincola) and the etiological agents of kidney disease and tuberculosis are sonne of the organisms singled out for specific study. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service cooperating; began July 1955, to close June 1957; $6,800; Erling J. Ordal, Leader. Address inquiries to: As in No. 1 above. 5. Salmon Fatigue Studies The objective is to study the swimming abilities of adult upstream migrant salmon and steelhead to learn the capacities of these fish to perform physically. Specific study is being made of: (1) the length of time various swimming speeds can be maintained; (2) the maxinnum swimming speed which can be attained; (3) the effects of fatigue induced by prolonged swimming activity on tinne re- quired for recovery after complete exhaustion and life span; and (4) the effects of environmental conditions on swimming performances. U. S. Army Corps of Engineers cooperating; began June 1954, to close 1957; $40,000; Allan C. DeLacy, Leader. Address inquiries to: As in No. 1 above. Washington State College The Relation of Preference of Pacific Salnnon to Experimentally Induced Physiological Reactions The objective of this project is to determine the relationship of endocrine activity to reactions of salmon fingerlings to temperature, salinity, carbon- dioxide tension, and water flow. 134 WASHINGTON (Cont. ) U. S. Fish aJid Wildlife Service cooperating; Washington State College; began June 1954, to close May 1957; $8,752; F. D. Klopfer, Leader. Address inquiries to: F. D. Klopfer, Department of Psychology, State College of Washington, Pullman, Washington. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Branch of Fishery Biology 1. Temperature Regimen of the Columbia River System The original objective was to obtain records of water temperatures of Columbia River and its tributaries prior to construction of the dams. With many more reservoirs being created, the resulting temperature changes and their effect upon migrating fish are being studied. Colunnbia River; began 1945, continuing; $3,630; K. G. Weber, Leader. Address inquiries to: Clinton E. Atkinson, Chief, Pacific Salmon In- vestigations, 2725 Montlake Boulevard, Seattle 2. Wasington. 2. Season and Biology of Fingerling Salmon Migration at Bonneville Dam This project was initiated to: (1) determine the species, origin (hatchery or natural propagation), size, age, and the time of seaward migration of salmon and steelhead fingerlings, and (2) to estimate the percentage migra- tion of salmon and steelhead fingerlings through spillway and power house channels. Bonneville Dam; began 1946, continuing; $10, 370; K. G. Weber, Leader. Address inquiries to: Clinton E. Atkinson, as in No. 1 above. 3. Electrical Guiding of Fishes The general objective is to develop a safe practical method of guiding fish with electricity, with particular reference to directing the movements of salmon fingerlings on their downstream migration. Controlled laboratory experiments will determine: (1) the electrical characteristics most effective in controlling fish movements, (2) the electrical properties injurious to fish, (3) the most desirable electrical field patterns, and (4) the most desirable types of electrodes, electrode spacing, and switching sequences. Seattle; began 1961, to close 1961; $37,312; G. B. Collins and H. W. Newman, Leaders; reports available. Address inquiries to: Clinton E. Atkinson, as in No. 1 above. 4. Squawfish (Ptychocheilus) Predation Control by Electricity The areas of the Columbia River where hatchery salnnon are released have been observed to concentrate numbers of squawfish, which are detrimental to the salmon released. This project was initiated to develop the most effective electrical means of controlling, deflecting, or separating squawfish of several sizes from seaward migrant salmon fingerlings and trout. The data to be collected will be: (1) the most effective electrical fields in blocking the move- ments of adult squawfish, by controlled laboratory experiments, (2) electrical conditions lethal to adult and fingerling squawfish, and (3) the most effective electrical conditions in concentrating adult and fingerling squawfish into small areas for capture or lethal shocking. Seattle; began 1955, to close 1958; $23,689; G. H. Maxfield, Leader. Address inquiries to: Clinton E. Atkinson, as in No. 1 above. 5. Experimental Electrical Guiding of Fish in the Field This project was developed to find a practical means of guiding fish with electricity on a field scale, and to: (1) extend experimental procedures beyond the physical and electrical capabilities of the laboratory; (2) repeat and con- firm experimental laboratory tests. 135 WASHINGTON (Cont. ) Columbia River; began 1954, to close 1957; $61,200; J. E. Mason, Leader. Address inquiries to: Clinton E. Atkinson, as in No. 1 above. 6. Sonic Fish Tracking This project is developing and using echo sounding equipment to track the movements and obtain detailed information on the behavior patterns of up- stream migrant adult salmon under natural conditions in relation to dams in the northwest. A sonic fish tag is attached to an adult salmon and its move- ments are tracked with calibrated sonic receiving equipment which automatically "homes" on the signal transmitted by the tag and pinpoints the position of the fish. Resulting information will aid in the design and location of fish passage facilities at new dams. Seattle; began 1954, continuing; R26,508; Parker S. Trefethen, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Clinton E. Atkinson, as in No. 1 above. 7. Fresh Water Survival of Bluback Salmon (O. nerka) on the Okanogan River This project was initiated to conserve the Okanogan River blueback sal- mon run during and following construction of flood control projects. The following are the general objectives: (1) check incubating eggs in gravel for mortalities, (2) determine time fry emerge from the gravel and migrate to the lake so that flood control construction work can proceed, (3) make obser- vations of spawning, and (4) study productivity following completion of flood control project. Washington State Department of Fisheries and Canadian Department of Fisheries cooperating; Okanogan River; began 1951, to close 1963; $16,531; K. G. Weber, Leader. Address inquiries to: Clinton E. Atkinson, as in No. 1 above. 8. Electronic Fish Counting The major objective is to develop automatic systems to count anadromous fish by species and telemeter counts to a central station. Instruments have been developed to count salmon and modifications are rapidly being developed. Also important is developing the art of using the systems in typical installa- tions. There are plans to modify the consecutive -type counter to battery power, and for use in a portable unit. A photographic unit is being studied and planned for improved counting. There is continued development of passage tvmnels to meet requirements of specific field-test sites. Seattle; began May 1954, continuing; $22,000; Julius Rockwell, Jr. , Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Clinton E. Atkinson, as in No. 1 above. 9. North Pacific Salmon Research Investigations The basic objective of this investigation is to distinguish the races of Pacific salmon of the United tates, Canada, and Alaska from the Asiatic stocks of salmon. The studies making up the investigation are: salmon serology, age (scale) analysis, meristic studies (morphology and morphometries), parasi- tology, oceanographic studies, tagging on high seas, ocean distribution studies, and osteological studies. Collections of salmon are made on the high seas and in the coastal areas of the United States, Canada, and Alaska. During the summer of 1955, 8, 500 salmon were collected, 5, 500 of which were used for meristic studies. The past summer, 24, 000 salmon were collected to be used as follows: 19, 000 for meristic studies, 3, 000 for parasitology, 1, 000 for osteological studies, and 1,000 were sent to Japan. The osteological studies are being carried out by Canada. 136 WASHINGTON (Cont. ) University of Washington cooperating; headquarters - Seattle; began 1955, continuing; $700,000; Clinton E. Atkinson, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: As in No. 1 above. 10. Research of Fishway Problems The Bonneville Research Facility was constructed to acquire information that will iiiake possible the design of more efficient and more economical fish passage facilities for bo+^h upstream and downstream migrant salnnon. Full scale fishway situations are created under controlled laboratory conditions and the reactions of migratory fish are measured as the fish actually migrate through them. The project also seeks systematically the principles of fish orientation that are basic to the design of adequate fish passage facilities. Corps of Engineers cooperating; Bonneville Dam; began 1955, to close 1960; $63,059; G. B. Collins, C. H. Filing and H. L. Raymond, Leader. Address inquiries to: Clinton E. Atkinson, as in No. 1 above. 11. Predator and Competitor Studies of Resident Fishes This project aims to measure the impact of predatory and competitive fishes upon resident and migratory game and commercial fishes of the Columbia River. The important phases of the study will be the distribution and abundance of scrapfish populations, particularly in relation to salmon spawning and nursery areas; scrapfish predation on young salmon; food compe- tition between scrapfishes and young salmon; space competition; and the effects of scrapfish as vectors of diseases affecting salmonoids. Columbia River; began July 1956, continuing; $16,326; R. B. Thompson, Leader. Address inquiries to: Clinton E. Atkinson, as in No. 1 above. 12. Development of Hatchery Equipment and Techniques All phases of hatchery procedure are explored for the purpose of improving equipment and techniques. Salmon-cultural Laboratory, Entiat; began 1948, continuing; $10,000; Roger E. Burrows, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Roger E. Burrows, Salmon-Cultural Laboratory, Entiat, Washington. 13. Development of Better Practical Diets A survey by means of feeding trials to explore growth potential and nu- tritional adequacy of potential fish food products and to develop practical diets for salmon. Salmon-cultural Laboratory, Entiat; began 1948, continuing; $3,000; Roger E. Burrows, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Roger E. Burrows, as in No. 12 above. 14. Disease Research Studies indicate that parasites, bacteria, and virus-like agents are major causes of serious losses among fish populations. This investigation studies the etiologic agents, their effects on fish, methods of transmission, sources, identification, and determines methods for control. University of Washington; began September 1952, continuing; $32,500; Robert R. Rucker, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Western Fish Disease Laboratory, Fisheries Center, University of Washington, Seattle 5, Washington. 137 WASHINGTON (Cont. ) 15. Comparative Histology of Salmonids The objectives are to determine the normal histology of the organs and tissues of salmonids and to define the change brought about xinder particular nutritional deficiencies and other pathological conditions. Willard; began August 195 3, continuing; John E. Halver, Leader. Address inquiries to: John E. Halver, Chief, Salmon Nutrition Labora- tory, Cook, Washington. 16. The Nutritional Requirements of Chinook Salmon A study to determine the quantitative nutritional requirements of chinook salmon in terms of the basic nutrients and to define the metabolic role of each nutrient. Willard; began September 1951, continuing; John E. Halver, Leader. Address inquiries to: John E. Halver, as in No. 15 above. 17. Study of Influencing Factors on King Salmon Egg to Fry Survival in Mill Creek, California The general objectives of egg to fry survival studies in this project are to determine: (1) the survival rate of spawn and factors influencing mortality under simulated natural conditions, (2) an optimum spawning population in relation to a given number of square yards of spawning gravel, (3) the survival rates of spawn under hatchery methods when compared to simulated natural conditions, (4) if there are advantages in the "Vibert" hatching boxes over natural hatching or hatchery methods, (5) the difference, if any, in the sur- vival rate of spawn from early, peak, or late run adults, (6) the effect of various sex ratios on production of young salmon, and (7) the calculated fresh water mortality in the stream based on upstream counts of several years' runs and samples of downstream migrating fry. Headquarters- Seattle; Los Molinas; began 1952, to close 1962; $21,804; H. A. Gangmark, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Clinton E. Atkinson, as in No. 1 above. WEST VIRGINIA Conservation Commission 1. Population Manipulation Studies on West Virginia Smallmouth Bass Streams Primary project objective was to evaluate population manipulation in streams as a tool of fish management. Different segments of the fish popu- lation were removed from three experimental streams with the effect of such rennoval on remaining fish being studied. Other objectives were improvement of electrical fishing gear, creel census, studies, study of natural population fluctuations, and population studies in streams of West Virginia's eastern panhandle. Petersburg; began May 1952, closed July 1956; $20, 000; Carl Sullivan, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Carl Sullivan, Division of Fish Management, Charleston, West Virginia. 2. Lake Construction and Development Program This project consists of construction of public fishing lakes. Began January 1949, indefinite; $65, 000; Harry Van Meter, Leader. Address inquiries to: Harry Van Meter, Chief, Division of Fish Man- agement, Charleston, West Virginia. 138 WEST VIRGINIA (Cont. ) 3. Small Impoundments Investigation and Research This project was initiated to determine the best fish management tech- niques for farm ponds and small impoundments in West Virginia. In accord- ance with this aim; the introduction of new sunfish species is being studied, pond weed and algae control methods are being evaluated, burrowing cray- fish control measures tried, and various harvesting technique including trapping studied. Most experiments are being conducted in experimental ponds located at the Palestine State Fish Hatchery. Elizabeth; began May 1953, to close June 1959; $9,000; Harvey Beall, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Carl Sullivan, as in No. 1 above. 4. Investigation of Coal Pollution in Streams The objects of the project are: to determine the location and source of pollution, to record the biological changes as pollution abatement progresses and determine the measures necessary to restore desired fishing conditions. Madison; began April 1956, to close April 1959; $18,000; Robert Davison, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Carl Sullivan, as in No. 1 above. 5. Fisheries Investigations of Selected Tributaries of the Upper Ohio This investigational project is aimed at providing basic information relative to the fishery in the Ohio River tributary streams of northern West Virginia. Chief objectives are to obtain a clear picture of the fish popula- tion in study streams, to obtain information concerning the possible extensive migj-ations of fish either within tributary streams or between tributaries and the Ohio River, and to provide data necessary to more intelligently approach the management goal of maximum utilization and sustained fish harvest. Middlebourne; began July 1956, to close July 1959; $20, 000; Peter Zurbuch, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Carl Sullivan, as in No. 1 above. 6. National Forest Fish Management Program Stream surveys, stream improvement, location of lake sites, and experi- mental trout studies are all part of the activities which are supervised by a fishery biologist located in the national forest area. One of the primary ob- jectives is to improve the trout distribution methods and techniques for assuring the optimum returns in angler success. U. S. Forest Service cooperating; Monongahela and George Washington National Forests; began January 1952, indefinite; $12,000; reports available. Address inquiries to: Harry Van Meter, as in No. 2 above. 7. Cataloging of Streams The objective was to catalogue all streams large enough to sustain a fish population. Each stream was assigned an identification (code) number made up of a combination of letters and numbers. With the aid of a legend any stream can be located from its code number. Statewide; began July 1955, closed July 1956; $1, 000; Robert Davison, Leader. Address inquiries to: Harry Van Meter, as in No. 2 above. 8. Introduction of Other Game Fish Species Various game fish species have been stocked in an effort to establish or re-establish these species in particular areas of the State. Kokanee salmon were introduced in several impounded waters with hope of providing an 139 WEST VIRGINIA (Cont. ) additional game fish for the angler's creel. The walleye, yellowbelly sunfish, and white bass were experimentally stocked in other impoundments and stream systems in which they were not present. Statewide; began March 1952, indefinite; $2,000; Harry Van Meter, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Harry Van Meter, as inNo. 2 above. 9. Distribution of West Virginia Fishes Collections of fishes were continued on all major streams and tributaries in order to acquire knowledge of the different species present, their range of distribution and abundance. Formerly handled through Cornell University, the identification and mapping is now being done through West Virginia University. In conjunction with this work, scale samples and measurements of numerous game fish species are being recorded for determining the general growth rate patterns in various waters of the State. West Virginia University and Cornell University cooperating; statewide; began Jan\aary 1951, indefinite; $1, 000; Harry Van Meter, Leader; reports avail- able. Address inquiries to: Harry Van Meter, as in No. 2 above. 10. Management of Public Fishing Areas Impoundments in state parks and forests and other state-owned areas vmder- go a periodic check to determine if, and what, measures are needed to bring about an improvement in fishing conditions. This includes both warm water and trout lakes. Statewide; began June 1949, indefinite; $6, 000; Harry Van Meter, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Harry Van Meter, as in No. 2 above. West Virginia University 1. Investigation of the Cheat River Watershed This project consists of a physical, chemical, and biological survey of the Cheat River and tributaries. It was established in response to a decline in the fish populations throughout the watershed. Monongahela, Preston, Tucker, Randolph, Pocahontas Counties; September 1955, to close October 1956; $2,000; Frank J. Schwartz, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Frank J. Schwartz, Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia. 2. Studies on the Life Histories of Notropis cerasinus and Notropis ardens from the Roanoke River This project concerns food studies on both species year round, growth rates, sexual dimorphism, sex ratios, and population densities. Montgomery County; began April 1955, to close April 1957; Frank J. Schwartz, Leader. Address inquiries to: Frank J. Schwartz, as in No. 1 above. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Branch of Fishery Biology 1. Kidney Disease Studies are in progress on the ways in which this disease spreads in nature and on the selection of the most promising drugs for its cure. Treat- ment with sulfonamides and antibiotics are being studied. 140 WEST VIRGINIA (Cont. ) Kearneysville; began 1953, to close 1957; Ken E. Wolf, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Microbiological Laboratory, U. S. Fish and Wild- life Service, Kearneysville, West Virginia. 2. Fibh Furvmculosis Sulfonamides have been widely used for the treatment of this disease dur- ing the past decade. As a result, the sulfa resistant variant of the pathogen has appeared. In order to select the best possible treatment it is necessary to de- termine rapidly to which drugs the pathogen is most susceptible. A method has been perfected for such a purpose. Kearneysville; began 1955, closed 1956; S. F. Snieszko, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: S. F. Snieszko, Microbiological Laboratory, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Kearneysville, West Virginia. 3. Disease Resistance in the Eastern Brook Trout It has been confirmed that there are significant differences in resisteUice to furnuculosis and ulcer disease among strains of brook trout which are maintained at different hatcheries. Such strains were compared under uni- form conditions at Leetown to determine variation in resistance to these diseases. Kearneysville; began 1954, closed 1956; S. F. Snieszko, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: S. F. Snieszko, as in No. 2 above. 4. Blue-sac Disease This project is concerned primarily with the determination of the causes of this disease. Kearneysville; began 1955, to close 1957; Ken E. Wolf, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: S. F. Snieszko, as in No. 2 above. 5. Cultivation of Fish Tissues in Test Tubes Development of tissue culture techniques is under way to aid in the study on the nature of control of infectious diseases. Kearneysville; began 1955, indefinite; Ken E. Wolf, Leader. Address inquiries to: S. F. Snieszko, as in No. 2 above. 6. Diagnostic and Consulting Service Diagnostic and consulting service in the field of fish diseases is carried out primarily for the federal fish hatcheries located east of the Mississippi River. When time and facilities permit this service is extended also to state and private hatcheries. Recently a survey on the distribution of kidney disease in trout hatcheries was carried out in the central and northeastern states. Kearneysville; continuing; Robert G. Piper, Leader. Address inquiries to: S. F. Snieszko, as in No. 2 above. 7. Trout Stream Ecology The objective is to determine the principal factors affecting the produc- tion of trout and other fish in streams of the Shenandoah and Great Smoky Mountains National Parks. Studies on water quality and on periphyton are continuing. Inventories of fish populations are made annually on selected watersheds with electro-fishing 141 WEST VIRGINIA (Cont. ) and chemo-fishing equipment. Information is obtained on the abxxndance of trout and other species per acre of water, on the relationships between trout and rough fish, on the upstream and downstream limits of each species, on size distributions, and on the reproduction, survival, growth and condition of eastern brook trout, rainbow trout, and "smallmouth bass. U. S. National Park Service, Virginia Commission of Ganne and Inland Fisheries, North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission, and Tennessee Game and Fish Commission cooperating; Shenandoah National Park in Vir- ginia, Great Smoky Movmtains National Park in Tennessee and North Carolina; began October 1952, continuing; $10,000; Robert E. Lennon, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Robert E. Lennon, Chief, Eastern Federal Waters Investigations, Leetown (P. O. Kearneysville), West Virginia 8. Creel Census on Streams in Great Smoky Mountains National Park The objective is to determine the annual harvest of eastern brook trout, rainbow trout, and smallmouth bass from selected streams in the park. Information is obtained on the quality of fishing, in terms of legal fish caught per hour of angling effort; on the size, condition, and age of the fish; on the return to the creel of nnarked wild and stocked trout; on the preference of anglers for wild or stocked trout; and on the relationships between the numbers of catchable size fish present to the total numbers harvested. Data are obtained on the numbers of anglers, the intensity of fishing pressure per unit area of water, the distribution of fishing pressures on easily accessible and remote waters, and on the distribution of the catch among out-of-state fishermen. U. S. National Park Service, cooperating; Great Smoky Mountains National Park in Tennessee and North Carolina; began May 1953, continuing; $5, 000; Phillip S. Parker, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Robert E. Lennon, as in No. 7 above. 9. The Effects of the "Hazzard-plan" of Sport-fishing-only on Trout Streams in Great Smoky Mountains National Park The objectives in applying the Hazzard-plan of sport-fishing-only on two streams were to determine the effects on the rainbow and brook trout popula- tions and the reaction of the angling public to the idea. Two streanns were selected in 1954 for testing the Hazzard plan, one on the Tennessee side and the other on the North Carolina side of the park. Fishing has been permitted during the open season with the following restrictions: only artificial lures permitted, and all fish caught must be returned to the stream. U. S. National Park Service cooperating; Great Smoky Mountains National Park; began May 1954, continuing; $5,000; Robert E. Lennon, Leader. Address inquiries to: Robert E. Lennon, as in No. 7 above. 10. Restoration of Native -strain Brook Trout in Great Smoky Mountains National Park The objective of the project is to determine the feasibility of restoring native -strain brook trout in streams where the exotic rainbow trout have been permitted to usurp brook trout habitats, or where the exotic species have been reduced- or destroyed by flood or drought. The recent availability of Appalachian- strain brook trout from hatcheries has made it possible to experiment with fingerling and legal-size plants in selected streams. Arrangements have been made to eradicate wild rainbow trout populations 142 WEST VIRGINIA (Cont. ) in two streams in 1957 and to restock them with marked fingerlings of the Appalachian strain of brook trout. U. S. National Park Service, cooperating; Great Smoky Mountains Nation- al Park; began June 1954, continuing; $8,000; Robert E. Lennon, Leader. Address inquiries to: Robert E. Lennon, as in No. 7 above. WISCONSIN Conservation Department 1. Life History and Management of Brook Trout in Lawrence Creek A complete creel census and semi-annual population estimates are being conducted on three miles of trout stream. Different angling regulations are being tested during different seasons to determine optimum regulations for brook trout management. The value of refuge areas and dynamics of an un- fished brook trout population are being studied. Adams and Marquette Counties; began April 1955, indefinite; $15,000; Jannes T. McFadden, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: James T. McFadden, Lawrence Creek Research Station, Route #2, Westfield, Wisconsin. 2. Rate of Exploitation of Warm Water Fishes in a Small Flowage The objective is to determine the use by anglers of populations of northern pike, muskellunge, largemouth bass, bluegill, black crappies and other warm water fishes under various angling regulations. A complete record of fishing statistics is maintained by use of a free per- mit system of fishing during specified daily hours. Population estinnates by mark and recapture methods by trap netting and based on angler caught fish are accomplished for connparison with harvest figures. The rate of growth of fishes present is determined from data collected at the checking station. Rusk Covinty; began April 1955, indefinite; $20, 000; Donald K. Dunham, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Wisconsin Conservation Department, Northwest Area Headquarters, Spooner, Wisconsin. 3. Evaluation of Stocking Fingerling Walleye in Escanaba Lake The objectives are to determine the survival rate and return to the angler of walleye fingerling stocked in a lake where a walleye population is already present, and their effect on the harvest and the existing population. Marked walleye fingerling were stocked in 1954, and a second stocking is contemplated for 1957. A complete record of the harvest is kept by a compulsory permit system, and all fish taken from the lake are examined by department person- nel. Year-round fishing is permitted, without size or bag limit. Annual estimates of the population are made by the marking and recovery method to determine rates of exploitation and mortality. Vilas County; began May 1953, continuing; $20, 000; Warren Churchill, Leader. Address inquiries to: Warren Churchill, Wisconsin Conservation Depart- ment, Woodruff, Wisconsin. 4. Life History and Management of Muskellxuige The objectives are: (1) To determine behavior of muskellunge under varied feeding, space, light, temperatures and other conditions. (2) To determine 143 WISCONSIN (Cont. ) the number, quantity, size and kind of food items that are taken by muskellunge. (3) To determine age, rate of growth, length-weight changes of muskellunge and to correlate with the available food. (4) To determine the physical, chemi- cal and biological conditions that are present in rearing ponds and to determine which of these conditions, if any, are optimum for muskellunge growth. (5) To develop and test nriethods for marking fish other than the conventional finclip methods. (6) To determine the relative survival of small and large size muskellunge that are stocked in lakes. Spooner; began April 1953, indefinite; $7,000; Leon D. Johnson, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Fish Management Division, Wisconsin Conserva- tion Department, Spooner, Wisconsin. 5. Evaluation of Watershed Stabilization Practices on Trout Streams The objectives are to evaluate the degree of improvement or stability result- ing from various modifications made within different watersheds and their streams. The project aims at study of changes in physical and biological conditions, such as water temperatures, total fish populations, fish yield, natural repro- duction, fish food, cover, stability of water flow and changes in the degree of siltation. These studies evaluate conditions for trout in streams before and after stream improvement. Different kinds of trout streams with different im- provement problems are selected. U. S. Soil Conservation Services and U. S. Geological Survey cooperating; statewide; began December 1953, to close December 1961; $25,000; Oscar M. Brynildson, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Oscar M. Brynildson, Nevin State Fish Hatchery, Route 3, Madison 5, Wisconsin. 6. Management of Lake Sturgeon Records of all speared sturgeon are analyzed anniially and the age compo- sition of the catch is compared annually to ascertain exploitation. Tagging studies are continuing in an effort to follow the effect migration has on ex- ploitation and management. Studies are being made of the species spawning habits, early life history, size and age of first maturity, and frequency of spawning. Lake Winnebago and associated lakes and tributaries; began January 1953, to close June 1958; $12,500; reports available. Address inquiries to: Thomas L. Wirth, Box 358, Oshkosh, Wisconsin. 7. Experimental Angling With Artificial Flies Only on Peshtigo River The object of the project is to evaluate public reaction to a 12 -inch size limit and flying fishing only regulations on a trout stream, and to deternnine the composition of the catch and the contribution of stocked fish and fish from a feeder stream. Marinette County; began April 1956, to close September 1958; $3,000; John Klingbiel, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: John Klingbiel, Northeast Area, Conservation De- partment, Woodruff, Wisconsin. 8. Effect of Removal of Fresh Water Drum on Other Game Fishes Fresh water drum are considered as rough fish and have been removed in limited quantities for over 20 years. The annual removal of this species has been increased 7-fold in recent years in an attempt to severely reduce the 144 WISCONSIN (Cont. ) standing population and better lake habitat for more favored game species. It is also hoped that heavy drum production will increase growth and fatness of the now thin and slow growing drum. Presently, monthly drum samples of 400-500 fish are randomly selected for assessing length-weight relationships of the current population throughout the year. Age and rate of growth studies of the drum are conducted annually and detailed catch statistics are maintained to follow ticnds in game fish and drum populations. Lake Winnebago; began April 1953, to close June 1958; $12,500; Thomas L. Wirth, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Thonnas L. Wirth, Wisconsin Conservation De- partment, Box 358, Oshkosh, Wisconsin. 9. Movements of Whitefish in Western Lake Superior A total of 1, 700 whitefish were tagged in order to study migratory habits, annual growth, and seasonal distribution. One phase of the study is to deter- mine whether or not present legal size regulations are suitable to the fishery. All fish were tagged directly from commercial pound nets at four different locations in the Apostle Island area. Fish ranged in size from 14 to 17 inches. Tags used were an individually numbered streamer type attached posterior to the dorsal fin with No. 49 Nylock thread. It is anticipated that an addi- tional 2, 000 whitefish will be tagged during the 1957 season. Apostle Island area, Lake Superior; began June 1955, to close November 1959; $850; Russell Daly, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Russell Daly, State Fish Hatchery, Bayfield, Wis- consin. 10. Studies of the Food Competition Between Carp, Largemouth Bass, and Blue- gills This study is being conducted to deternnine if carp compete with large - mouth bass and bluegills for the available supply of food. Samples of adult and young of the year carp, largemouth bass and bluegills were sampled periodi- cally throughout the summer for stomach analysis. Warm Water Research Station, Delafield; began April 1, 1956, to close June 1958; $7,704; Arthur R. Ensing, Leader. Address inquiries to: Arthur R. Ensign, Warm Water Research Station, Box 396, Delafield, Wisconsin. 11. Management Studies of Carp, Largemouth Bass and Bluegill The relationship between carp, largemouth bass and bluegills in the lakes of southeastern Wisconsin, is determined by means of studies of growth rates, mortality rates, success of reproduction and the harvest of largemouth bass with liberalized fishing regulations. The work done on this project in 1956 consisted of summarizing the work completed in 1955 and drawing comparisons with the data from 1953. Browns Lake and the Warm Water Research Station, Delafield; began Spring 1953, to close June 1957; $8,424; Donald Mraz, Leader; reports avail- able. Address inquiries to: Donald Mraz, Warm Water Research Station, Box 396, Delafield, Wisconsin. 12. Management Studies of Lake Trout in Big Green Lake This project was established to determine the reasons for fluctuations in abundance of lake trout as well as the role of stocked fish. Natural reproduc- tion and growth rates are studied. All lake trout stocked since 1953 have been marked. 145 WISCONSIN (Cont. ) Green Lake County; began September 1952, to close June 1958; $1,900; Vernon A. Hacker, Leader. Address inquiries to: Vernon A. Hacker, Wisconsin Conservation Depart- ment, Box 358, Oshkosh, Wisconsin. 13. Control of Sea Lamprey Populations in Wisconsin Streams Tributary to Lake Michigan A cooperative project for the control of sea lamprey. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service cooperating; Green Bay and Lake Michi- gan; began April 1945, indefinite; $6,000; Lawrence W. Wiegert, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Lawrence W. Wiegert, Wisconsin Conservation Department, Box 605, Green Bay, Wisconsin. 14. Area Watershed Stabilization This project is basically composed of three activities: (1) Land manage- ment on state-owned property. (2) Habitat management on specific and limited areas. (3) Cooperation with other agencies. Demonstration areas are estab- lished. Statewide; began January 1952, continuing; $181,000; D. John O'Donnell, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: D. John O'Donnell, Wisconsin Conservation Depart- ment, Madison, Wisconsin. The Institute of Paper Chennistry 1. A Study of Habitat Improvement Below Pulp and Paper Mills and Tolerance Limits to Environmental Change This project determines the effect of mill process improvement on fish and food organisms as well as the tolerance of sensitive species to lowered oxygen concentration. Appleton; began 1945, continuing; Willis M. Van Horn, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Willis M. Van Horn, The Institute of Paper Chemi- stry, Appleton, Wisconsin. Sulphite Pulp Manufacturers' Research League 1. Cooperative State and Industry Stream Studies A broad, long-term study concerned with the capacity of streams for self purification and for producing fish food from the wastes of nature and of man. Extensive base data have been secured from intensive studies on Wisconsin rivers and streams during 1955 and 1956. Specific projects, such as evalua- tion of fish food potentials under properly controlled conditions, are develop- ing from the base studies. State Board of Health, University of Wisconsin and others cooperating; Fox, Wisconsin, Flambeau, and Oconto Rivers; began April 1955, indefinite; $25,000; reports available. Address inquiries to: T. F. Wisniewski, Director, Wisconsin Committee on Water Pollution, State Office Building, Madison, Wisconsin. 146 WISCONSIN (Cont. ) Committee on Water Pollution 1. Badfish Creek Investigations This project was initiated to determine the biological and chemical effects of the proposed diversion of the treated effluent of the Madison Metropolitan District Sewage Treatnnent Plant into this stream. Weekly chemical analyses and bimonthly plankton determinations are being made, as well as studies on bottom organisms, fish and aquatic plants. Pre-diversion stream conditions are being examined at the present time. Headquarters - Madison; began April 1956, to close I960; $1,500; K. M. Mackenthxm, Leader. Address inquiries to: T. F. Wisniewski, Director, Committee on Water Pollution, State Office Building, Madison 2, Wisconsin. University of Wisconsin 1. Orientation and Migration of Fishes The objectives are to determine the sensory mechanisms used by fishes in returning to a territory when displaced and to study the sun-compass abilities of fishes . Office of Naval Research cooperating; began 1952, to close 1957; $6,000; Arthur D. Hasler, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: A. D. Hasler, University of Wisconsin, Birge Hall, Madison 6, Wisconsin. 2. Reactions of Fishes to Conventional and Experimental Fishing Gear The objectives are to study the reactions of fishes to conventional fishing gear and to develop collecting methods for the inland waters of Wisconsin which will be better adapted to take advantage of the fishes behavior. Conservation Department cooperating; Lake Mendota and other areas; began 1954, to close 1957; $5,900; Warren J. Wisby and John Miller, Leaders; reports available. Address inquiries to: A. D. Hasler, as in No. 1 above. 3. Reactions of Fishes to Experimental Electro-fishing Gear The objectives are to study the reactions of fishes to electro-fishing methods and to design an electrical apparatus which can be used to capture fishes in the inland lakes of Wisconsin. Conservation Department cooperating; Lake Mendota and other areas; began 1954, to close 1957; $12, 000; Richard L. Pierce and Warren J. Wisby, Leaders. Address inquiries to: A. D. Hasler, as in No. 1 above. 4. Investigations of the Yellow Bass Fishery of Lake Wingra The objectives are to study the fish inhabiting the lake, witn emphasis on the yellow bass and to learn more about their ecological relationships. Conservation Department cooperating; Dane County; began 1954, to close 1957; $4,500; William T. Helm and John C. Neess, Leaders; reports avail- able. Address inquiries to: A. D. Hasler, as in No. 1 above. 5. The Biology of Trout and Bass in Artificially Alkalized Bog Lakes The objectives are: (1) To appraise the competition between rainbow trout and bass. (2) To determine stocking rates and carrying capacities of treated bog lakes for trout. (3) To evaluate alkalization of bog lakes. (4) To conduct studies on the problem of winterkill in small lakes. 147 WISCONSIN (Cont. ) Conservation Department cooperating; Vilas and Chippewa Coionties; began June 195?, indefinite; $12,000; William R. Schmitz, Arthur D. Masler, and Raymond Stross, Leaders; reports available. Address inquiries to: Arthur D. Hasler, as in No. 1 above. Introductory Study of the White Bass, Lepibema chrysops (Rafinesque), in Lake Mendota and Associated Waters The objectives are to continue the study of the life history and ecology of the white bass, with emphasis placed on reproductive characteristics, behavior, and meteorological factors influencing distrubiton and movenaent. Conservation Department cooperating; Dane County; began 1954, to close 1957; $4,500; A. D. Hasler and Ross M. Horrall, Leaders; reports available. Address inquiries to: Arthur D. Hasler, as in No. 1 above. Distribution of Pelagic Fishes The objective is to study the distribution and movements of the pelagic fishes in Lake Mendota and Trout Lake. Conservation Department and Office of Naval Research cooperating; Dane and Vilas Counties; began 1953, to close 1957; $5,000; Arthur D. Hasler, Warren J. Wisby, and David LaDuke, Leaders; reports available. Address inquiries to: Arthur D. Hasler, as in No. 1 above. WYOMING Game and Fish Commission 1. Game and Fish Laboratory Research This project consists of various activities including a study of fish diseases and other causes of mortality, nnarking and tagging experiments, pollution studies, diet investigations, and development of an electric bottom fauna separator. Statewide; began July 1953, continuing; $31,200; George Post, Leader; '' reports available. Address inquiries to: Wyoming Game and Fish Research Laboratory, Chemistry- Zoology Building, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming. 2. A Study of the Effect of Fertilization on Trout Growth in an Alpine Lake in Wyoming During the past two summers preliminary studies of the chemical condi- tions, plankton, bottom fauna production, and the food habits and growth of fish in two adjacent alpine lakes have been conducted. Early in the summer of 1956, inorganic fertilizer was added to one of these lakes while the other was held as a control lake for comparison of over -all production and particu- larly fish growth between the fertilized and unfertilized lake. South central Wyoming; began July 1954, to close January 1959; $1, 990; George T. Baxter; Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: George T. Baxter, Chemistry-Zoology Building, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming. 3. Trout Survival Studies The object of these studies is to determine sizes, species and time of planting which will provide the greatest yield to the creel for various types of waters. Emphasis is placed on two stream studies and one lake study. Marked fish are planted. Evaluation is based on creel census and fish popula- tion studies. 148 WYOMING (Cont. ) University of Wyoming cooperating; Big Laramie River, Middle Fork Powder River, Middle Piney Lake; began January 1952, to close December 1958; Jack J. Kanaly, John W. Mueller, and Fred W. Jackson, Leaders; reports available. Address inqueries to: Jack J. Kanaly, Wyoming Game and Fish Com- mission, Cheyenne, Wyoming. 4. North Platte River Reseivoirs Study When the Bureau of Reclamation completes Glendo Dam on the North Platte River the surface area of the nine major impoudments in the State will more than double the combined area of natural lakes and smaller impoundments. This project was inaugurated to study fish management in these waters. The North Platte River Reservoirs are being studied in particular. During the current year, emphasis was placed on an evaluation of stocking procedures, on studying the possibilities of increasing natural spawning, on rough fish control, and on obtaining basic information on the fish population, harvest, and aquatic environment in general. University of Wyonning cooperating; North Platte River; began June 1954, continuing; $15,560; Lawrence W. Peterson, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Lawrence W. Peterson, Wyoming Game and Fish Commission, Cheyenne, Wyoming. 5. Experimental Rough Fish Control An intensive carp control program consisting of seining and spot poison- ing is under way. The objective of the study is to determine the effect on carp and game fish populations and on the aquatic environment in general. Ocean Lake; began January 1955, to close December 1958; Fred M. Eiserman, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Fred M. Eiserman, Wyoming Game and Fish Com- mission, Cheyenne, Wyoming. 6. A Study of Competition Between Brown Trout and Rocky Mountain Whitefish The objective is to ascertain if some component of the environment or the presence of Rocky Mountain whitefish is the limiting factor on brown trout populations in Tongue River. The available food, water flows, water temper- atures and surface acreage of the stream are being studied. Information on populations, food habits, migratory habits, length-weight relationships and age and growth rates has been collected for both species. Sheridan County; began April 1952, closed December 1956; Charles L. Sowards, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Charles L. Sowards, Wyoming Game and Fish Comnnission, Cheyenne, Wyoming. 7. A Study of Factors Affecting Game Fish Production in Sand Creek Sand Creek, with a standing crop of 250 pounds of trout per acre, is possibly the most productive stream in the State. This project was initiated to determine some of the basic factors influencing the productivity of this stream so comparisons can be made with other waters and any future changes in Sand Creek can be better understood. An intensive study is being made in a 1, 600-foot section. This includes preparation of a map showing extent of aquatic vegetation beds and silt deposits; study of age, growth and condition of trout, their spawning areas and food habits; and collection of chemical and temperature data. Began 1956, to close December 1957; Charles L. Sowards, Leader. Address inquiries to: Charles L. Sowards, as in No. 6 above. 149 WYOMING (Cont. ) 8. Techniques and Equipment Used in Fisheries Work The object of the project is to improve methods for gathering and treating data. Phases under study are the use of trawls to collect fish from Wyoming waters and the development of a statewide gill net index to aid in the evalua- tion of gill netting data. Statistical methods are employed. University of Wyoming cooperating; statewide; began July 1955, to close December 1957; Fred W. Jackson and Thomas H. Leik, Leaders; reports available. Address inquiries to: Fred W. Jackson (trawl experiment) or Thomas H. Leik (gill net index), Wyoming Game and Fish Commission, Cheyenne, Wyoming. 10. Studies on Life Histories of Burbot and Cutthroat Trout Life history studies have been undertaken on burbot and cutthroat trout to gain knowledge needed for the preservation of these species. In each case, particular emphasis is being placed on spawning habits. Wind River Drainage and Snake River drainage; began January 1955, con- tinuing; Fred M. Eisernnan and Delbert H. Rasmussen, Leaders. Address inquiries to: Fred M. Eiserman or Delbert H. Rasmussen, Wyoming Game and Fish Commission, Cheyenne, Wyoming. 11. Lake, Stream, and Farm Pond Surveys Surveys of particular importance include initiation of a systematic survey of waters in Snowy Range Division of Medicine Bow National Forest and the Clear Creek Drainage in northern Wyoming. Statewide; began January 1951, continuing; Fred T. Willianns, John W. Mueller, and Charles L. Sowards, Leaders. Address inquiries to: Fred T. Williams, John W. Mueller or Charoes L Sowards, Wyoming Game and Fish Commission, Cheyenne, Wyoming. 12. Manipulation of Fish Populations in Streams The object of this project is to determine when it is practical to reduce or eradicate fish populations in streams to benefit desired species. Fish toxi- cants, shockers and seines are employed. Evaluation is based on follow-up studies. Seven streams are involved ranging from the North Platte River, one of the largest in Wyoming which was chemically treated to eliminate suckers from 26 miles, to small creeks. Brown trout and mountain whitefish have been experimentally removed in addition to non-game species. Statewide; began June 1954, continuing; George D. Holton, Leader. Address inquiries to: Supervisor, Fisheries Field and Research Opera- tions, Wyoming Game and Fish Commission, Cheyenne, Wyoming. 13. Lake and Pond Rehabilitation As a management procedure, lakes and ponds with off-balance fish popu- lations are chemically treated to eliminate the existing fish and are restocked with desirable species. Statewide; began July 1950, continuing; George D. Holton, Leader. Address inquiries to: As in No. 12 above. 14. Statewide Creel Census The object of this study is to determine the most practical method for Wyoming to use in determining statewide trends in fishing pressure, success and harvest and distribution of fishing pressure. During 1956, fisherman counts on all important waters in southeastern Wyoming were made periodically by air and ground observers. Also, a study was inaugurated to evaluate the possibilities of a mail fishing survey. 150 WYOMING (Cont. ) University of Wyoming cooperating; statewide; began July 1955, to close December 1958; George D. Holton, Leader. Address inquiries to: Supervisor, Fisheries Field and Research Opera- tions, Wyoming Game and Fish Commission. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Branch of Fishery Biology 1. Grebe Lake Studies The objective is to determine the best management practices for the wel- fare of grayling in Grebe Lake. The presence of trout, egg-taking, and angling are factors which complicate the problem. Studies have centered around measurements and counts of survival and mortality at all life history stages. Yellowstone Park; began June 1952, closed September 1956; $2,000; Oliver B. Cope, Leader. Address inquiries to: Oliver B. Cope, Forestry Building, Utah State Agricultural College, Logan, Utah. 2. Madison-Firehole-Gibbon Rivers Studies The objective is to determine the best stocking methods for the Madison, Firehole, and Gibbon Rivers in Yellowstone National Park. This has featured creel censuses, population sampling, and the liberation and recovery of marked fish. Yellowstone Park; began May 1953, closed October 1956; $4,000; Oliver B. Cope, Leader. Address inquiries to: Oliver B. Cope, as in No. 1 above. 3. Yellowstone Lake Investigations The objective is to determine the sizes and numbers of cutthroat trout that can be safely harvested from Yellowstone Lake under different levels of fishing pressure. This consists primarily of measurement of mortality and survival in Yellowstone Lake and its tributaries. Yellowstone Park; began May 1950, indefinite; $25,000; Oliver B. Cope, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Oliver B. Cope, as in No. 1 above. ALASKA Game Commission Public Access and Development of Restoration Facilities The objectives of this project are to spread fishing pressure and to develop fishing in remote waters by providing access. Territory wide; began December 1952, to close January 1959; $5, 000; Roger W. AUin, Robert T. Baade, and George W. Warner, Leaders; reports available. Address inquiries to: Clarence J. Rhode, Administrator, Wildlife Re- sources, Box 2021, Juneau, Alaska. Environmental Studies of the Cutthroat Trout, Rainbow Trout and Grayling in Alaska as Related to Their Spawning Habits, Age, Growth, Fecundity, Migra- tion and Movement The objective of this project is to determine the migrations and movements of the above species of game fish in specific waters, their migration timing, growth and survival as related to their environment. Migrations of the species 151 ALASKA (Cont. ) are being observed by weirs, by marking and recapture, visual observations and catch data and related to environmental seasonal changes in specific waters . Helm Bay near Ketchikan, Cottonwood Creek Systenn near Anchorage, Goodpaster River near Fairbanks; began July 1953, to close March 1957; $23,000; Roger W. Allin, Robert T. Baade, and George W. Warner, Leaders; reports available. Address inquiries to: Clarence J. Rhode, as in No. 1 above. 3. Lake Survey of Lake Louise and Associated Waters The objectives of this project are to determine morphological features of the area, chemical and physical characteristics of the water, the flora and fauna factors influencing the biota, the size and age composition of the fishery and the success of previous three years of rainbow stocking in these waters. The area involved in the study is a major recreational fishing and hunting area and presently supports a heavy fishery for lake trout and some grayling. Stocking of these waters with rainbow trout was begun in 195 3 and continued through 1955 with both eyed egg and fry being used in the stocking. Near the Glen Allen Highway; began July 1956, closed September 1956; $1,000; Roger W. Allin, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Clarence J. Rhode, as in No. 1 above. 4. Experimental Pond Fertilization The objective of this project is to determine whether it is feasible and economical to increase the survival and growth of trout in ponds adjacent to Juneau. Two small ponds of 3 and 5 acres have been utilized for the experi- ment. Rotary screens have been installed in the outlets of the ponds and both rotenoned to remove all fish. One pond is being treated with chemical fertilizer while the other was left in the natural state as a control. Both have been stocked and growth and survival of planted rainbow fry will be used to assess value of fertilizer. Juneau; began July 1955, to close June 1957; $2,200; Robert T. Baade, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Clarence J. Rhode, as in No. 1 above. 5. Catch Distribution, Composition and Size Structure of the Sport Fishery of the Anchorage and Fairbanks Areas The objective of this project is to establish species catch distributions, measure size distribution and age composition, the relative catch by time, and to measure the effectiveness of experimental regulations in designated waters including 12-inch minimum size and seasonal closures for the Fair- banks district to determine best management regulations for the maintenance of optimum stock and fishing. The usefulness of present experimental regu- lations is to be determined. Other creel studies along the Glen Highway and Gulkana area are to evaluate present fishing in the area in relationship to the Interior Highway system and the greater Anchorage population of fishermen. Along the Richardson and Glen Allen Highways; began April 1953, closed December 1956; $5,400; Roger W. Allin and George W. Warner, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Clarence J. Rhode, as in No. 1 above. 6. Stocking of Game Fish in Alaska Waters. The objective of this project is to establish or re-establish fisheries in barren waters, depleted waters or waters with unfavorable fish balances. Stocking of barren and depleted waters is preceded by standard lake and stream surveys for suitable waters. 152 ALASKA (Cont. ) U. S. Forest Service, Alaska Department of Fisheries and Sportsmen's Clubs cooperating; territory wide; began July 1953, continuing; $3,100; Robert T. Baade, and Roger W. Allln, Leaders; reports available. Address inquiries to: Clarence J. Rhode, as in No. 1 above. Department of Fisheries 1. Inventory of Waters The objective is to inventory the waters of the Territory with special emphasis given to the survey and collection of biological data on lakes and streams adjacent to the highway systems. This information to be used in sport fish management. Territory wide; began May 1951, indefinite; $15,000; E. S. Marvich, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Alaska Department of Fisheries, 229 Alaska Office Building, Juneau, Alaska. 2. Comparative Growth and Survival Study of Planted Trout Fry The objectives are to determine which of several stocks of rainbow trout have the greatest survival and rate of growth in rehabilitated and virgin lakes. Anchorage and Fairbans areas; began September 1956, to close September 1959; $2,000; E. S. Marvich, Leader. Address inquiries to: As in No. 1 above. 3. Relationship of Stickleback and Steelhead Trout in Lakes Experiments are being conducted on a series of six lakes to determine what effects are exerted on introduced steelhead trout fry by varied stickle- back pressures. Rehabilitated lakes stocked with steelhead trout fry are included in this experiment. Kodiak Island; began June 1956, to close June 1959; $2,000; E. S. Marvich Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: As in No. 1 above. 4. Kitoi Bay Research Station This project determines the limits of productivity of Alaskan lakes for anadromous trout and salmon. On several lakes in the area the production of fish is determined by adult and fry enumeration at the outlet weirs. Age and growth studies are related to bio-geochemical analyses. Afognak Island; began June 1954, to close 1964; $50, 000; William A. Smoker, Leader. Address inquiries to: As in No. 1 above. Water Pollution Control Board 1. Silver Bay Water Pollution Control Studies The following will be determined: (a) The present natural resources , their distribution and seasonal occurrence, (b) The types and quantities of waste which will be discharged in the operation of the pulp mill, (c) The maximum concentrations of such waste under which present natural resources may be maintained, (d) How much, where, and when this waste should be discharged in order to keep the concentration from exceeding the maximum. U. S. Forest Service, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Alaska Lunnber and Pulp Co. , and University of Washington cooperating; Sitka; began July 1956, indefinite; $20, 000; E. F. Eldridge and Robert O. Sylvester, Leaders; reports available. 153 ALASKA (Cont. ) Address inquiries to: A. J. Alter, Administrator of Water Pollution Control Board, Juneau, Alaska. Forest Service - Alaska Forest Research Center 1. Effect of Logging on Salmon Streams Objectives of the project are to determine the effect of logging, particu- larly pulp timber logging, on the physical aspects of two salmon streams be- fore and after logging and compared with two others not logged. Factors measured are stream height and rate of flow, rainfall, water and air temp- erature, stream bed condition and changes in bed and banks. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Fisheries Research Institute and U. S. Geological Survey cooperating; Twelve Mile Arm, Kasaan Bay near Hollis; began April 1949, indefinite; $15,000; H. E. Anderson, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Forester in Charge, Alaska Forest Research Cen- ter, Box 740, Juneau, Alaska. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Branch of Alaska Fisheries 1. Enumeration of Upstream Migration of Red Salmon in the Egegik River Use of towers for enumeration of upstream migrants in the Wood River has shown considerable promise. This project is a pilot study on the Egegik River which has the advantage of a weir for a check on the accuracy of visual counts from four towers. Egegik River, Bristol Bay; began June 1956; Harry Rietze, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Harry Rietze, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Box 2021, Juneau, Alaska. 4 2. Stickleback Studies The objectives are to review, analyze, and prepare for publication data on the life history of the stickleback of Karluk and bare lakes of Kodiak Island with special emphasis on their relation to salmonoid fishes. Karluk Lake, Kodiak Island; began June 1956, closed November 1956; $5,000; John Greenbank, Leader. Address inquiries to: Donald L. McKernan, Administrator of Alaska Commercial Fisheries, Box 2021, Juneau, Alsaka. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Office of River Basin Studies 1. River Basin Studies The objectives of these studies are the preservation, rehabiLtation and developnnent of fish and wildlife resources in connection with water use projects and their development. Inventories, harvest studies, population evaluations and other investigations are being made. Territory wide; began July 1952, continuing; $70, 000; Melvin A. Monson and Gordon W. Watson, Leaders. Address inquiries to: Donald L. McKernan, Administrator, Alaska Commercial Fisheries, Box 2021, Jxineau, Alaska. 154 HAWAII Division of Fish and Ganne 1. Introduction of Exotic Marine Game and Food Fishes Underwater surveys of inshore fishing areas have disclosed that the Hawaiian fish fauna is depauperate and unbalanced. It is dominated by small herbivorous fishes such as the surgeon fishes, butterfly fishes and damsel fishes, which have practically no recreational or comnnercial value. Thus, it is the objective of this project to enrich and bring about a better balance in the Hawaiian fish fauna through introduction of selected carnivorous fish species for which ecological niches are available in Hawaii from areas in the Pacific. Inasmuch as certain of the fish species being considered for intro- duction are reputed to be poisonous, as a corollary to this introduction pro- gram, certain poisonous fish studies are being conducted. These studies include feeding tests on experimental animals and toxin leaching experiments in which reputedly poisonous fishes are being kept under isolation on a sub- sistence of non-poisonous food to determine if the toxin can be nnetabolized or leached out of the fishes. Economic Planning and Coordination Authority cooperating; Pacific-wide; began October 1955, indefinite; $6, 000; Michio Takata and Carl Nemoto, Leaders. Address inquiries to: Vernon E. Brock, Director, Division of Fish and Game, Board of Conrimissioners of Agriculture and Forestry, P. O. Box 5425, Pawaa Sub-station, Honolulu, Hawaii. 2. Ecological Studies of Hawaiian Reef and Inshore Game Fishes The objectives of this project are to find and adopt corrective measures to rehabilitate the declining reef and inshore game and food fishes in the Hawaiian inshore waters. In an effort to obtain some clues as to why certain areas have an abundance of fish and others a scarcity of fish, attempts are being made to relate fish abundance with current conditions, plankton abundance, bottom types and other environmental factors. Additionally, habitat improvement experiments are being conducted on a limited scale. These involve the plac- ing of specially designed concrete shelters in selected areas to determine what effects they might have toward increasing the standing crop of fishes in a given area. Territory-wide; began February 1952, indefinite; $11, 000; Michio Takata and Takuji Fujimura, Leaders. Address inquiries to: Vernon E. Brock, as in No. 1 above. 3. Bait Fish Studies The principle bait fish species used in the Hawaiian skipjack fishery is the nehu (Stolephorus purpureus) which is an extremely delicate fish having a low tolerance for adverse conditions. Besides being in constant short supply, they suffer about 30 percent mortality from the time of their capture to the time when they are used out in the fishing grounds. So that the maxi- mum benefits can be derived from the linnited bait supply, these bait fish studies are aimed toward developing bait holding techniques which might re- sult in a reduction in bait fish mortality and an increase in the carrying capacities of live wells aboard skipjack fishing vessels. Holding bait fish in water of reduced salinity, together with the use of an aerator, have re- sulted in a 50 percent reduction in mortality and a 60 percent increase in carrying capacity. Industrial Research Advisory Council and HawaiiaJi Tuna Packers, Ltd. , cooperating; Oahu; began November 1953, to close June 1957; $1, 000; Vernon Brock and Michio Takata, Leaders; reports available. Address inquiries to: Vernon E. Brock, as in No. 1 above. 155 HAWAII (Cont. ) 4. Propagation and Culture of Tilapia zillii and Tilapia melanopleura Tilapia zillii and Tilapia melanopleura which were introduced recently into the Territory are being reared under close observation to determine cul- ture methods which are most suited for these species. The feeding habits of these species indicate that they may be useful for controlling aquatic plant growth in irrigation ditches and reservoirs. The possibility also exists that these fishes may fulfil the requirements of a farm pond or game species or act as forage fish for both the largemouth and smallmouth bass. Oahu; began August 1955, continuing; $1,500; Kenji Ego, Leader. Address inquiries to: Vernon E. Brock, as in No. 1 above. 5. Fresh Water Game Fish Management Research This project which encompasses four phases has the following objectives: (a) to study the spawning habits, feeding behavior, growth rate, migrational pattern, population density and other aspects of the life history of the fresh water goby that management measures may be instituted which will best con- serve this diminishing resource; (b) to re-establish rainbow trout fishing and to determine the most economical stocking method as well as the optimum number of fingerlings or eggs to be planted in the various streams; (c) to introduce and establish smallmouth bass, channel catfish and peacock-eye cichlid in suitable bodies of fresh water and; (d) to develop fish shipping tech- niques which can be used for introducing various species of fish into the Territory. Kauai, Oahu, Maui and Hawaii; began November 1951, continuing; $17,869; Kenji Ego, Carl Nemoto and Stanley Shima, Leaders. Address inquiries to: Vernon E. Brock, as in No. 1 above. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Branch of Fishery Biology 1. Factors in the Variable Response of Skipjack to Chum The objectives are: (1) To describe the response of skipjack schools to livebait chum; (2) to determine the amount of variability in response; (3) to find the causes of variation. Factors being investigated are state of hunger, prey preference, prey-size preference, sexual state, time, location, and weather conditions. Honolulu; began March 1956, to close September 1957; Heeny Yuen, Leader. Address inquiries to: Albert L. Tester, Director, Pacific Oceanic Fishery Investigations, P. O. Box 3830, Honolulu, T. H. 2. Distribution, Abundance, and Habits of Pelagic Sharks The objectives of the study are to further our knowledge of pelagic sharks by studing their distribution, abundance, food habits, reproduction, mor- phometry, and taxonomy. The basis for the study are the 1952-1955 longline catch records for 6,118 specimens belonging to 12 species. Three of these (great blue, whitetip, and brown) constituted 96 percent of the catch and have received the most attention. Geographical scope of the study is the Pacific Ocean from 50° N. to 20° S. , and from 110° W. to 175° E. Honolulu; began November 1955, closed November 1956; Donald W. Strasburg, Leader. Address inquiries to: Albert L. Tester, as in No. 1 above. 156 i PUERTO RICO Division of Forests, Fish and Wildlife 1. Puerto Rico Marine Sport Fisheries Investigations The purpose of this project is to study the nnarine sport fisheries in respect to their biology and present development. The work being performed is concentrated mostly at La Parguera (Lajas) and San Juan and includes: Analysis of ratch per unit of effort according to species of fish and type of angling; seasonal variation in the catch; length and weight of fishes; examina- tion of gonads and stomach contents of important game fishes to determine the attainment of sexual nnaturity, spawning seasons and food habits; the number of people who engage in sportfishing and the man or boat days spent on the various methods, particularly speax fishing, surfcasting, spinning, and troll- ing. Another objective of this project is to study the commercial fisheries of La Parguera from the standpoint of the species taken, relative number of each, gear employed and possible effects on game fish and sport fishing. La Parguera; began July 1955, indefinite; $4,400; Donald S. Erdman, Leader; reports available. Address inquiries to: Division of Forests, Fish and Wildlife, Department of Agriculture and Commerce, Santurce, Puerto Rico. 2. Introduction of Exotic Fishes to the Streams of Puerto Rico This project has as its ultimate purpose the hope of establishing a suitable game fish in the upland river waters of Puerto Rico. A one -year survey was carried on at the Anasco River. This river is inhabited with predatory salt water fishes such as snook Centropomus and the "Viejo" Pomadasys crocro up to El Guasio at about 300 feet above sea level. None of the predatory species, however, ascend beyond the rapids which occurs just above El Guasio. Thus, a long stretch of upper reaches of the river is uninhabited with game fishes. Similar situations occur in other rivers of Puerto Rico. One fish which is being planned for introduction is the redeye bass Micropterus coosae which is reported to be more adaptable to river conditions. Maricao; began November 56 ntinuing; $1,200; Donald S. Erdman and Herbert Zalduondo, Leaders; reports available. Address inquiries to: As in No. 1 above. 3. Creel Census and Fish Population Study in Farm Fish Ponds and Lakes Loiza, Carite, and Patillas Objectives of this project are: (1) a farm fish pond survey and (2) a creel census and fish population study at Loiza, Carite and Patillas Reservoirs which will lead to a more efficient utilization and conservation of the pond and lake fisheries in Puerto Rico. The pnysical characteristics and chennical conditions of at least 15 ponds into which bass and bluegills have been introduced are being studied and re- corded in the following aspects: acreage, average depth of water; type and approximate gradient of bottom; pH, dissolved oxygen content and temperature of the water; types and extent of aquatic vegetation and kind of fish food present. Composition and structure of pond fish populations are being determined by seining, pond drainage, or occasional use of rotenone. Fishing by hook and line and fish pots are being used as a supplementary sampling method. A creel census checker devotes four months work to each of the lakes Loiza, Carite and Patillas. Two biologists collect fish population samples with rotenone at least once a year. Patillas, Trujillo Alto, Guayama, Aibonito, and Barranquitas; began July 1956; to close June 1958; $4,400; Donald S. Erdman and Herbert Zalduondo, Leaders; reports available. Address inquiries to: As in No. 1 above. 157 VIRGIN ISLANDS Government of Virgin Islands 1. Investigation of Ganne Fishing Potential This project involves: (1) Exploratory fishing covering all reasonable types of sport fishing in these waters to assess over-all potential. (2) Bio- logical investigations, including collection of specimens and compiling of data on fish sizes, distribution, and habits. (3) Public relations activities. (4) Fresh water stocking activities consisting mainly of stocking certain ponds in St. Croix with black bass and smaller species. Christiansted, St. Croix; began April 1956, continuing; $10, 000; Frank J. Mather, III, Leader. Address inquiries to: Frank J. Mather, III. Christiansted, St. Croix, Virgin Islands. :^:^>^:^5j::{e>J:>!<::^>!c3j:>}e3}esJ:sJ:5!e>}e5j::^sie:^>^:^^s^:5lc>}::{cs}csfr:3;c*>;c SUBJECT INDEX Acquisition of Fishing Waters --15, 16, 22, 23, 25, 30, 81, 85, 96, 97, 102, 104, 106, 107, 112, 113, IIS, 120, 123, 129, 132, 133, 151 Age and Growth--IO, 21, 24, 26, 27, 32, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38. 40, 41, 44, 52, 54, 64, 70, 76, 79 Aquatic Vegetation Control- -2, 9, 14, 20, 31, 36, 60, 92, 96, 105, 127, Creel Census--3, 6. 7, 10, II, 13, 14, 19, 21, 22, 24, 25, 28, 29, 31, 33, 34, 36, 40, 42, 48, 50, 54, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 66, 70, 75, 77, 78, 80, 90, 91, 95, 96, 114, 116, 124, 126, 128, 132, 133, 142, 151, 152 Dams and Diversions--5, 9, II, 17, 18, 21, 27, 52, 75, 79. 80, 87, 108, III, 114, 118, 119, 125. 127, 131, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 149, 154 Disease and Parasites- -1, 5, 38, 41, 53, 55, 57, 67, 68, 71, 87, 93, 97, 102, no, 115, 116. 120, 122. 132, 134, 137, 140, 141, 146 Distribution of Fishes--15, 29, 30, 33, 39, 44, 45, 62, 63, 65, 71, 85, 87, 90, 136, 140, 156 Economics of Sport Fishery--5. 13, 17, 18, 22, 70, 114 Fertilization- -13, 20, 23, 25, 28, 59, 60, 66, 69, 78, 90, 106, 123, 147, 148, 152 Fish Culture--2, 4, 5, 20, 32, 37, 56, 62, 63, 69, 71, 74, 82, 93, 95, 96, 97, 101, 102, 109, HO, 113, 117, 118, 119, 127, 128, 131, 133, 137, 138. 155. 156 Food Studies--2, 24, 26. 29, 36, 54, 55, 64, 65, 66, 80, 93, 104, 116, 129, 132 Lake and Pond Construction- -1, 4, 12, 15, 25, 30, 31, 72, 73, 74, 106, 109, 118, 121, 122, 123, 130, 138 Lake Improvement- -9, 36, 60, 85, 116, 123, 130 Lake Investigations - -10, 11, 13, 22, 33, 34. 48, 49, 51, 61, 62, 65, 66, 67, 82. 95. 97. 100. 122. 124. 132, 147, 153. 157 Life History Studies--4. 7, 8, 9, 18, 22, 27, 32, 35, 42. 44, 53, 60, 68, 80. 82. 85. 91. 97. 99, 140, 143, 144, 148, 150, 151, 154 Marine Investigations --6, 7, 8, 16, 17.18, 19, 21, 43, 49, 50, 72, 89, 97, 100, 101, 121, 130, 155, 156, 157. 158 Movement and Migration--4, 6, 7, 9. II, 15, 19, 24, 29, 41, 42, 43, 52, 53, 59, 68, 75, 95, 99. 101, 111, 115, 123, 125, 131, 134. 137, 145. 147. 151, 154 Pollution-. 24, 28, 40, 56, 60, 65. 74, 94. 107, 108. 109, 112, 116, 118, 119, 128, 139, 146, 147, 153, 154 Pond Investigations- -1, 20, 21, 26, 29, 37, 38, 39, 40, 62, 78, 81, 99, 100, 103, 105, 124, 139, 157 Population Investigations --1, 4, 9, H, 19, 20. 25, 26, 27, 28, 31, 36, 38, 40, 44, 45, 46, 47. 50. 53. 56. 57, 61. 66, 67, 76. 87, 91, 98, 103, 105, 110, 114, 120, 127, 134. 137, 139, 145, 155 Rehabilitation- - lake--22, 23, 36, 37, 62, 74, 92, 95, 96, 113, 116, 123, 128, 150 158 SUBJECT INDEX (Cont. ) Rehabilitation (Cont. )-- pond--15, 37. 47, 48, 89, 92, 94, 95, 96, 115, 150 reservoir--31, 82, 113, 116, 128 stream--39, 47, 82, 150 Reservoir Investigations- -3, 4, 13, 18, 19, 21, 25, 40, 72, 78, 79, 82, 86, 102, 103, 104, 108, 121, 122, 124, 126, 130 Rough Fish Control--4, 13, 16, 17, 23, 26, 29, 31, 32, 41, 47, 48, 49, 58, 59. 69, 74, 79, 81, 84, 86, 87, 92, 93, 94. 97, 99, 103, 106, 116, 127, 129, 135, 144, 145, 149. 150 Stocking--l, 3, 4, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 19. 20, 26, 32, 35. 42. 47. 58, 59, 68. 76. 77. 82. 86. 89. 91, 95, 98. 100. 105. 112, 116, 117, 139. 142. 143. 148, 152. 155, 157 Stream Improvement- -9, 23, 51, 54, 58. 90. 96, 99. 103. 107. 113. 124, 144 Stream Investigations --8, 10, 12, 15, 19, 22, 24, 26, 33, 34, 44, 45, 51. 56, 61, 66. 72, 76, 77, 82, 103, 110, 119, 122, 125. 130. 131, 138, 139. 141. 143, 144. 149 Surveys--4. 16, 19, 20, 23, 28, 33, 42, 51, 63. 67, 68, 69, 81, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 92, 93. 94. 104. 105, 109, 117, 120, 128, 139, 140, 150, 153 Techniques and Equipment- -10, 27, 34, 36, 40, 43, 44. 49, 56. 57. 59. 62. 63. 64. 67. 70, 71, 81. 87, 88, 90, 97, 105, 106, 108, 129. 133. 134, 136, 147, 148, 150, 152 Watershed Management- -51, 54, 88, 107, 144, 146 Interior Duplicating Section- -Washington, D. C. iiiJ» 159 MBL WHOI Library ■ Serials 5 WHSe' 00105 FIS RES '( V