pied viet hatin nt Pep nes! IA APE ED ated ad ii tiogon oat ra par a eeeiee Sot ee tae Sek Oh aii ete Be Ska pa hf ante Santee Uae meee eter te Me 8 et S Nahe te ae Serpe ey eect pease oes eee Fee eee Barat Pee patna ee OA ahd che a | ria Ait sities “SZ IRs : Sie sa 8 S ay x th ¥ = oa ist \ Pi am pad foe ty are ' eet ei ne sie ee ns : ; eels. th TS = ek ae ee cH) fa MM wey te ss Mes Aes : raat x OS . sce z int { Repr ‘shes of Sinaloa. By Davip STARR JORDAN. pp. 142. On. the Cranial Characters of the Genus Sebas- By. FRANK CRAMER. pp. 42. I4 pilates. The Fishes of Puget Sound. By Davip S. Jorpan and roe California. By Vernon L. Fishes, Little Known or New to Science. LR Jorpan. pp. 48. 24 plates. Notes on Fresh Water Fishes of the Pacific Slope of North America. By CLoupstey Rutter. Description of a New pecies of Pipe-Fish (Siphostoma sinalogze) from Mazat- ~ By. Davip S. JorDAN and Epwin C. Srarxs. Notes on Del- stes, a New Genus of Catostomoid Fishes. By ALvin SEALE. "7. New Mallophaga, II, from Land Birds, together with an account of the Marerneees Mouth-Parts. By VERNON L. KELLOGG. pp. 118. 14 plates. 8. List of Fishes Collected at Port ‘Ludiow, Wash. By Epwin Cuapin STARKS. pp. 14. 2 plates. 9. Marine Fossils from the Coal Measures of Arkansas. y JAmEs Perrin SmitH. pp. 72. 9 plates. 16: Scientific Names of Greek and Latin Derivation. By WALTER MILLER. pp: gi. 5 ae - Morphological Study of Naias and Zannichellia. LAS HovGHtTon CAMPBELL. pp. 68. 5 plates. ojosy of the Paleozoic Area of Arkansas South pete ay Grorcr H. ASHLEY. 31 cuts. 2 By Noau Fie_ps DRAKE. PP. 93- Beas 2 a Fish (Mitsukurina NOTICE AFTER CAREFUL EXAMINATION OF THE INNER MARGIN AND TYPE OF MATERIAL WE HAVE SEWN THIS VOLUME BY HAND SO IT CAN BE MORE EASILY OPENED AND READ. | Ya aa apy ae ee aavano ¥IeAS SHOW BA MAD TIO GABA OME 1620 Lid ae CONERIEUTIONS: TO BIOLOGY THE HOPKINS SEASIDE LABORATORY LELAND STANFORD JR. UNIVERSITY XXRIT Peer ea Ors PANAMA “BAY By CHARLES H. GILBERT anp EDWIN C. STARKS [ Reprinted from the Memoirs of the California Academy of Sciences Vol. IV ] : STANFORD UNIVERSITY, CALIFORNIA 1904 FEB 24 1987 LIBRARIES 212/16 . \ i Ly , ‘ 4 “as Ve ete YB a - REA GME Lil cert ON) RS "i a » ATR re >. 7 : _ ” —_ PVE ran ORY NOT E. This memoir is the thirty-second of a series designed to illustrate investiga- tions and explorations connected with the Hopkins Seaside Laboratory, an adjunct of the biological laboratories of the Leland Stanford Junior University. These investigations have been carried on by means of the assistance given by Timothy Hopkins, Esq., of Menlo Park, California. This memoir appears in the publica- tions of the California Academy of Sciences, the present edition being a reprint. OLIVER P. JENKINS, CHarves H. GILBERT, Directors Hopkins Laboratory. Date of publication, February 6th, 1904. 7 { dpi pans me a et foley] (1) we! 8 eee j = =~ 2) es ” = < JPh- SOG ‘dul ry Ohi ; id “Wo. gee AL Po)! a4 . a “ - . THE FISHES OF PANAMA BAY. BY CHARLES H. GILBERT anp EDWIN C. STARKS. CONTENTS. Poates I-XXXIII. INTRODUCTION . c 3 3 : s : : é : ; ; : : 3 List oF NEw SPECIES : : : : j ; : ‘ : 5 SYSTEMATIC ACCOUNT OF SPECIES . : : : : ‘ : : 3 5 : 5 GENERAL REMARKS ON DISTRIBUTION : : : : : 3 : : , 205 TABLE OF DISTRIBUTION . : : : ‘ : : ; : : : ; ZOO BIBLIOGRAPHY : : 2 ; : F : . ; ; : : : : 219 EXPLANATION OF PLATES ; ; ; : : : : : : : s 2225 INDEX . : : : 5 : : : ; . : : : . : : 293 INTRODUCTION. Tue ichthyologic history of Panama Bay falls naturally into three periods. The first, beginning with 1860, depended upon the activity of Captain John M. Dow, whose collections, forwarded to the Smithsonian Institution and to the British Museum, were reported upon by Dr. Theodore Gill and Dr. Albert Giinther. This early work culminated in 1869 through the publication of Giinther’s ‘“ Fishes of Central America,” which contains an admirable summary of the state of our knowledge at that date, with valuable discussions of the faunal relations of both marine and fresh- water forms. The second period was characterized by the work of Dr. Franz Steindachner, based in part upon his own collections, in part upon material obtained through various correspondents. No general summary was given by him, but the diagnoses of new species, which appeared in his series of “ Notizen” and “ Beitrige” (See Bibliog- raphy), form a model of accurate and detailed work of that description. 4 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES The third period has resulted from investigations undertaken either directly or with the assistance of the United States Fish Commission and the Smithsonian Institution. Under their auspices Dr. Gilbert made in 1881 large collections of the fishes of Panema, which served as the basis for numerous papers by Jordan and Gilbert. A second and much larger collection, made by him in 1883, was unfortu- nately destroyed by fire, together with all field-notes and the manuscript report then ready for the printer. The only record of this material is embodied in a list published by Jordan (1885). The new species indicated in that list remained, for the most part, still undescribed and unrepresented in any museum at a period ten years later! The dee ver waters off the Panama Bay, out as far as the Galapagos Islands, were thoroughly explored by the United States Fish Commission steamer Albatross in 1888 and 1891. Reports upon the fishes thus obtained have been given by Jordan and Bollman (1889), by Gilbert (1890 6), and recently in most admirable and complete form by Garman (1899). The following account of the fishes of Panama Bay is based primarily upon material obtained in 1896 by an expedition from the Leland Stanford Junior University, generously equipped and sent out by Mr. Timothy Hopkins of Menlo Park, California. The party consisted of Dr. C. H. Gilbert and Messrs. E. C. Starks, C. J. Pierson and R.C. McGregor. During the six weeks (January 10th to Feb- ruary 24th) spent in residence at Panama, an almost hourly inspection of the excel- lent fish-market was maintained; the tide-pools of the reef were explored, and the rocks and islands near the city were investigated by the aid of dynamite. The effectiveness of the party became so reduced by illness during the last weeks of their stay, that they were unable to carry out that part of their plans which contemplated the exploration of the Pearl Islands on the one hand and the rivers of the Isthmus on the other. These localities offer still a rich field for investigation. Of the two hundred and eighty-three marine species obtained, forty-three were new, and included among them all but four (Z'y/osurus sp., Cynoscion sp., Scarus sp., and Citharichthys sp.) of the still undescribed forms of the list of 1885. Descriptions of many of the new species have already appeared in the different volumes of Jordan and Evermann’s “Fishes of North and Middle America,” and full accounts of all appear in the present paper. We have admitted to our list all previous records of fishes from Panama Bay, unless good reason exists for doubting their validity. Several general references to “Panama,” in Jordan and Evermann’s work above cited, seem not to be based upon special records, and are rejected by us, even where there is a general probability of their occurrence at Panama in view of the known range of the species. Of the fishes obtained by the Albatross, we have included such only as were dredged within the fifty-fathom line. Even when thus restricted, the assemblage is found to contain many forms which are rarely or never taken along shore, and seem to constitute a sublittoral fauna of characteristic shallow-water species. The genera Prionotus, Symphurus and Diplectrum ofler numerous examples of such species. GILBERT AND STARKS— FISHES OF PANAMA BAY 5 List or New SPECIEs. Types of all new species are deposited in the Ichthyological Collections of the Leland Stanford Junior University, and bear the numbers, indicated in the following list:— 8 (Garchaniaswveloxccscess ste secccedisttedeeecnns 11893 Lutianus jordani.............. Bee Wincdeosctces 11988 GarGhaniasr cerdaley srr. dn ot dosccthesessae 11884 ReheommianthauinaSiumsss..n sara acess -+082- 5978 Carcharias (aZUreUs. ase. Me ca pear sesugeee ete 11890 Sacenichthys MOrdaXs.s0--peemeesssee sss 6809 Myliobatis asperrimus’..........:2.00-2s0sseee 11895 earinus) Gil oenSs cee -achekeepsclscos ane ee 5520 Galeichthys xenauchen ... 5821 Odontoscion xanthops Galeichthys eigenmanni ...................060 6986 Stellifer illecebrosus............. I Tachysurus emmelane............2.2:0s0s sss. 5818 Stellifer zestocarus Tachysurus evermanni....5......:0<-cteseeeses- 6706 Ophioscion simulus ........... Tachysurus steindachneri.................0.... 7026 Polyclemus goodei Pisoodonophis daspilotus................. 2.2... 5820 IEG (OES) V0] Ee itananceariactene n00d60.0° togeHobabdsee Wittrasnarecle psy Giral..ss.tc. nc. + csecefeecses elec 6807 Pomacentuts mcallimen. seek ertrecsececsacctace PAMIENO Via LASEAM St ose net ceeest ach ivceieseaen' 5812 Halichzeres\macearesori: 7..2)...0-ber- eens once 6804 ATG HOVIay MUNIN eG latesene esas ccestee ses scces: 5817 ES IGUSH MOP MISIee seteh telsieee cee mactlasteriesse 12671 TANDVE MONAEW E231) aco cnidotoon ScaecEe cater SEE Berner 5816 alistesmvenhesirnsn...accmes- chase ks paateaeer 6805 AMIGO Miah StarlcSitecestcr der ecco Aassesset sees 5814 PHOMOtUS LUSCAlUSs..cdy.n si ee sl ceeReeee see 6488 @eteneraulissengymeni. s..6.s.2.c.0-2000.-0008 5815 Microgobius miraflorensis.............-....++- 6511 FLEMMITAMPMUSe SALACOL 50... c<00'sveenoet once ee 6806 Evermannia panamensis...........-....-+..0+ 6509 SHUG OMmetare. «neste. eee fees ca anco ewes 6808 Batrachoides boulengeri ...................0:5 6487 Oligoplites refulgens ...... Meteor ate 6799 Porichthys=aneenet...ecmzcserss-deacears eure 6485 letnicatraix eZGlOteS.cadetstaerousnes.0,ssccecses 5819 Hypsoblennius piersoni.............6.c00esce0 6522 RepiiltswsnyGenitven: «.cocedtercoccaiedeceeet 6800 Flomesthes caulopusiey naps. eseecser ene: 5623 IP OLESM Pa GUICUS ss 5.o.ce coe che cncence Soa. Aavar 5883 Family GINGLYMOSTOMID. I. Ginglymostoma cirratum (Gmelin). A single specimen taken, 27 em. long. The body and fins are light brown- ish, marked with small black spots about as large as pupil, those in front of dorsal arranged rather uniformly in cross-series. Snout unspotted. Lower side of head whitish, unspotted. Family GALEID. 2. Mustelus lunulatus (Jordan & Gilbert). Puate I, Fie. 1. Five specimens were secured seeming to agree in all respects with an indi- vidual collected by Dr. Jordan from the type locality, Mazatlan. Ina young male 53 em. long the claspers do not project beyond the edge of the ventral fin; in another 64 em. long they are fully developed, protruding beyond edge of ventral for about 4cm. A male from Mazatlan (68 em. long) has the claspers undeveloped, not reaching beyond margin of ventrals. This seems to indicate considerable irregu- larity in the sexual development of the species. The young of J. /unulatus are as yet unknown. (2) January 12, 1903. 6 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES The Panama specimens agree well with the original description of the species, except in the following respects:— (a) Distance from insertion of first dorsal to anterior root of pectoral % (not “about }’’) its distance from tip of snout. This discrepancy is due, however, to an error in the original description. Mr. Barton A. Bean has kindly re-examined the type, and states that the first distanee is contained about 22 times in the second. (b) Distance between dorsals 25 to 24 times (not ‘‘25 times”) base of first, and 22 to 34 times (“a little more than 3 times’’) base of second. Mr. Bean gives base of first dorsal 23 and base of second dorsal 33, in the interspace between dorsals. This interval is therefore longer in the type than in any of the Panama specimens. The latter agree, however, with the Mazatlan specimens above mentioned. A specimen of J/. /unulatus in the United States National Museum (No. 46838), taken by the “Albatross” at the mouth of the Mulegé River, Gulf of Cali- fornia, has the proportions of the type. The base of the first dorsal, excluding the fleshy hump which precedes the rays, is contained 23 times in the interval between dorsals, the base of the second dorsal 33 times in this interval. It is evident, therefore, that the size and relative positions of the dorsal fins must be used with eaution for specifie distinction. (c) Middle of dorsal base usually midway between axil of pectorals and anterior insertion of ventrals, sometimes very slightly nearer pectorals. In none of the Panama specimens is it nearer the base of the pectorals by a distance equaling the diameter of the eye, as given in the description of the type (slightly less than this in the type according to Mr. Bean). Following are dimensions of a Panama specimen :— Total ler othe s2..c caus ssjtune oe of eens tenner tae Seen Oa esta Tat ose Ee Soe io eestes sie tc ate eee ee Length: of head iy sc... toi. gee sauneacetigensnseeg eae speeches isecbeaseametee eceeeen cease sr eech eeeeemnas: Length of snout ........ Diameter of orbit Length’ of spiracle:.. sslhinaseaiederedsOaseer-eareroes-eseen aetoernonenay ee en eene see seeie ice eee Cece a eeeee Ba Length of middle o) Pate ye io q a se) — | S 0 a H = Hw 280 108 172 31 5 4 84 2 5 21 65 f 3! 215% 98 117* | 284 44 3+ 8 2 4h 2 59 210 81 129 23 33 3 6 2 34 Ik 49 Family OPHICHTH YID. 60. Myrichthys tigrinus Girard. Ophisurus xysturus JORDAN & GILBERT, 1881 ¢, p. 346. Numerous specimens were obtained from tide-pools on the reef. They answer Girard’s description of the type, and also the type description of O. xysturus. The number of rows of teeth on sides of mandible varies from two to four, younger speci- * Tail in this specimen evidently injured, though surrounded by the fin. 36 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES mens having frequently the lower number. The head varies in length, being contained 34 to 41 times in the trunk. There are but two conspicuous series of roundish spots on either side of the back, a third series of much smaller spots being only oceasionally present along base of anal fin. The spots on head yary greatly in size, number and position. No arrangement can be assigned to these as normal for the species. 61. Pisoodonophis daspilotus Gilbert. Prats VII, Fie. 12. Pisoodonophis daspilotus GILBERT (JORDAN & EVERMANN, 1898, p. 2803). Brownish above, gray below, the head and body usually thickly covered with black spots smaller than the eye; these are smaller and more numerous on the head, fewer and fainter on the lighter inferior surface, and become indistinct or entirely disappear on the terminal portion of tail. In one specimen the head and trunk are spotted and the entire tail unicolor. In another no spots are present, the upper parts being a uniform dark brown, the under parts lighter brown, a few dark freckles only being present on sides of head. In all specimens the snout and lower jaw are blackish. The anus is near the middle of the total length, sometimes nearer the tip of snout, sometimes nearer tip of tail. The cheeks are not greatly swollen. The gape extends behind the eye, its length, measured from tip of lower jaw to angle of mouth, being contained 42 to 4#in head. The snout pro- jects beyond the lower jaw for a distance about equaling diameter of orbit. Eye 2 to 24 in snout, 12 to 24 in interorbital width. Tubes of anterior nostrils about $ diameter of eye, directed downward near tip of snout. Posterior nostrils under front of eye, concealed in the upper lip as usual. Teeth all bluntly conic, in rather wide bands on jaws and vomer; they are usually not disposed in regular series within the bands, but each band has about the width of four series, and these are sometimes distinguishable. The mandibular teeth become larger on approaching the symphysis, those at point of mandible and those on head of vomer being much the largest teeth present. The patch on shaft of vomer tapers backward to a point considerably behind angle of mouth. Origin of dorsal entirely behind tip of pectorals, its distance from snout } to 4 greater than length of the head. The tip of the tail is compressed, acute, horny, used for defense. Pectoral very short, from a wide base which slightly exceeds length of gill-slit. The fin rapidly narrows downward, the longest portion contained 12 to 14 times in length of head. The width of gill-slit is about + head. Table of Measurements in Millimeters. : a) = = : 3 : ; on @ 8 S rc fe g 3 ag 8 a 5 “ ‘3 a 2 z g g Sa o ° 8 =) Z s ba a v3] 2 g SS Ss. es 7) a oD ~~ = 35 ae a Re hel ont a Fay a a a) s 2, oe 2 <8 ye ad re} = c 5 x s i s ES aS ga) = faye eel ce a j 3 5 be Be = cee gests Gs, 3 s eI oh e + i O46 Ga ‘ee ZC ra br B i o zg 3 3 3) a a ier: en Ss A | | 362 | 177 | 185 | 38 | 8 | 3 5 9: | 6% 24 3h 5 48 3) | 22 | 401 | 203 | 198 | 48 10% | 34 if II 74 3a uaa! 6 53 4 144 Q | Ss 492 | 248 | 244 | 52] 11 Sy | 7a | ZOFA ten 33 3? 6} | 68 5$ | 18 494 | 255 | 239 | 56] 12 | 43 | 7 16 Sie ead rae Pie FG 68; | 53 | 16 | | | GILBERT AND STARKS—FISHES OF PANAMA BAY 37 Four specimens were secured, three obtained in brackish water at the mouth of a small stream which empties into Panama Bay, the fourth in a fresh-water pond at Miraflores. There is some reason to suppose that they burrow in the mud. 62. Ophichthus triserialis (Kup). No Panama record is known to the writers. The species is abundant on the Mexican coast, and has been recorded from the Galapagos Islands (GrLBErt, 18900, p. 450). 63. Ophichthus zophochir Jordan & Gilbert. This species has been heretofore known only from the Mexican coast (Guay- mas, Mazatlan, Acapulco). A single specimen was taken in a rock-pool at Panama. As in the type, the teeth are acute, biserial on all the bones. The color is.as described, except that the dorsal is not definitely black-edged. The anal is conspicuously edged with black, the pectoral largely blackish. Pores on head black-edged. Table of Measurements in Millimeters. ir | en ae | = 2S . ° on cs | 5 55 3 ees | Bu oss tal ° o& bo ge a ES) I gn it FI my a] fo} <= Un & 5 ; a | ¢ go - 4 es 7 fo} pont § 3 = g 3 é Sl sen |) ae oe a Lal vu = a q = 1 G cS © a -¥ an 1 < ee] ue oe s | 329 Il4y 2145 Bi 64 +f 12} 2 19 49 | | Family MURAENIDZE. 64. Rabula panamensis (Steindachner). Recorded from Panama by Steindachner, and by Boulenger (1899, p. 2), as Murcena panamensis; not seen by the writers. 65. Lycodontis verrilli (Jordan & (Gilbert). Only the type specimen known; collected by Prof. F. H. Bradley at Panama in 1866; now in the museum of Comparative Zoology. 66. Lycodontis dovii (Giinther). A single specimen 753 mm. long was taken in a tide-pool on the reef at Panama. The color is dark chestnut-brown, uniform on head, body and fins, except that the belly and under side of head are lighter. The spots are numerous, round, varying in size, but all of them small, the largest smaller than pupil; they were all very light yellow in life, and are not definitely ocellated, the ground-color being slightly darker around them. The larger spots are on the dorsal portions, with ocea- (6) October 6, 1903, 3 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES sional finer ones intermingled; those on ventral surface minute. Fins colored like the body, the spots of the same size and character. On the head the spots become less numerous, the anterior third of its length plain. Teeth everywhere in single series, the lateral teeth small, those anteriorly in both maxillary and mandible much enlarged. Shaft of vomer with a very inconspic- uous series of teeth, beginning opposite middle of eye, preceded after an interval by three very large depressible canines, the largest teeth present. A series of five black-edged pores along each half of upper and lower jaw, the two largest on upper jaw between front of eye and anterior nostril tube. Table of Measurements in Millimeters. | i | | | #3 ers di S : | I I g° | ees a 38 | - 2 be) ee ere Zi} os , oe . | . oo) oc =} (5) im | uv : w iS = a yp 5 gv a so ° vy a vu | i) a a 7) =O x x m cr | Oo a) x i) A | | 22 226 5 2 4 8 753 339 417 10% 44 19 7 5° 7< | 67. Murena clepsydra Gilbert. Pirate VII, Fie. 13. Murena clepsydra GILBERT (JORDAN & EVERMANN, 1898, p. 2805). Murena melanotis GUNTHER, Cat. Fish., Vol. VIII, p. 98 (in part); here belong all other records of JZ melanotis from the Pacific. Closely related to JZ insularum and AZ argus, from the tropical Pacific, but differing from both in color. Nostrils tubular, of almost equal length. Mouth closing completely, the teeth entirely con- cealed by the lips. Gape straight, horizontal, extending to well behind the eyes, 24 to 2? in head. Teeth in jaws large, compressed and wide at base, tapering uniformly to an acute point, directed backward, close set, everywhere uniserial; those in sides of mandible noticeably smaller than those of upper jaw, the teeth in both jaws increasing in size anteriorly. As many as 18 or 20 teeth may be present in the half of either jaw, but many of them are usually wanting, leaving gaps in the series. A single row of small teeth on shaft of vomer, beginning opposite front of eye. Head of vomer with two long canines, larger than any of the other teeth, one or both of these usually wanting in larger specimens, having apparently fallen out. Head 2 (144 to 2,!;) in trunk; head and trunk 14 to 14 in tail; depth at anus approximately half length of head. Eye small, its diameter contained 12 to 16 times in head; snout 5 to 54. Dorsal beginning on the head, its distance from snout 14 to rf} in head. Color dark brown, lighter on belly, dull whitish on under side of head. Head, body and fins closely covered with white spots, those on posterior parts larger, with some smaller ones intermingled, the larger spots with a more or less evident central constriction which makes them hourglass-shaped. Toward the head, the spots become very small and crowded, not more than half as large as pupil. Fins indistinctly light margined. A large elliptical jet-black blotch surrounds the gill slit, distinctly margined by a series of confluent white spots. The longitudinal diameter of the blotch is contained 5 to 54 times in the length of the head. Angle of mouth witha small black blotch, often obscure, pre- ceded by a pale spot on mandible. The throat is marked with a number of parallel lengthwise folds, the bottom of each fold with a dark line. GILBERT AND STARKS—FISHES OF PANAMA BAY 39 Table of Measurements in Millimeters of Five Specimens: a z 3 ge e | os elite 2 & ; a eae 3 9 3 Fy 2 & &5 ra é z Bi = Q 2, fy %eQ a = & q (c) a iq a a = | 2 675 | 31r | 364 | 106 45 | 203 TSS 72 | | 630 289 | 341 96) | 38 184 64 523 70 612) 287 lez) c68 ||| Zo. || mo" 62 | 47 64 473 203 | 270 66 28 1B il) Siz | 40 50 ao7 Ni7p \eegor 58" | 2r | ar 44 | 27 39 This species is abundant at Panama, where it is frequently brought to market. About 25 specimens were seen during the visit of the expedition, all essentially alike in coloration. The type is 397 mm. long (see table of measurements), and has the spots on body less numerous than in larger specimens. 68. Murena lentiginosa Jenyns. Originally described from the Galapagos Islands, this species seems much more abundant in Mexico, toward the northern limits of its range. No specimens were seen by the authors, the single Panama record being by Rowell (Jorpan & GILBERT, 1882 /, p. 381). Family ELOPIDZ. 69. Elops saurus Linnwus. This species was occasionally seen, but was not abundant. Family ALBULIDZ. 70. Albula vulpes (Linnwus). Not abundant. A few specimens only were seen in the market. Family CLUPEIDZ. 71. Sardinella stolifera (Jordan & Gilbert). The species is apparently not abundant at Panama, as but two or three small specimens were seen. It is now known to extend as far south as Guayaquil (BoutenceErR, 1898-9, Vol. XIV, p. 1). 40 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 72. Opisthonema libertate (Gunther). Abundant; several specimens preserved averaging about 25 cm.long. Young specimens were also seen at Acapulco. This species differs from 0. oglinum in coloration, in the shorter dorsal and anal fins (the latter containing 20 or 21 rays), and in the more numerous gill-rakers. The alleged differences in length of head are not reliable, both species varying greatly in this respect and no average difference being evident. Six specimens of 0. libertate give the following measurements:— Head in length. Depth in length. 22 oA o8 =) 2 a7 33 AA 9 4 37 1 450 3 1 1 46 3t0 2 9 47 270 In addition to the details of coloration already reported there is frequently present a series of small, round, evenly-spaced dark spots, behind the humeral spot, along the line separating the blue of the back from the silvery of the sides. Scutes 18-+-14 or 15. 73. Ilisha furthi (Steindachner) Pellona furtht STEINDACHNER, 18754, p. 14. Pellona panamensis STEINDACHNER, l. c. p. 14 A very abundant food-fish at Panama, but of inferior quality. The species is extremely variable in shape, but the deepest forms with strongly arched ventral out- line (J. furthi) grade imperceptibly into the more slender forms with weak ventral curv- ature (/. panamensis). Noother characters are correlated with this difference in ventral curvature, and it appears certain that but a single species is represented. The deeper specimens are constantly the smaller ones, so far as indicated by the material at hand. The eye is therefore proportionately larger, and the snout (measured into the eye) apparently shorter than in the larger, slenderer individuals. In none of the specimens do the first five to seven anal rays originate under the dorsal fin, as deserib- ed in J. furthi. In both deep and slender forms the first anal ray is approximately under the last of the dorsal. The front of the dorsal is constantly nearer the tip of snout than the base of the caudal, the difference varying from 3 to ? diameter of orbit. The following table of measurements exhibits the variation in depth of body, and in size of eye and snout. The length into which the depth of body is meas- ured, is taken from the tip of snout to base of caudal, excluding the projecting tip of lower jaw. Steindachner has apparently included the latter in his measurements. GILBERT AND STARKS—FISHES OF PANAMA BAY 41 BetEH euetn wet atD Orbit into Snout iuto e = millimeters. length. head. orbit: 255 | 23 | 23 14 | 280 28 | 26 If 295 24 24° 1% 10 295 2tt | 3 1% | 305 3 | ENG) 14 310 24 3 IZ 1 1 320 33 3¢ IZ 1 330 35 | 3k 1y 390 3 GE) 34 I 74. Opisthopterus dovii (Giinther). This species is known only from Panama, where it occurs but rarely. Four specimens were seen, 18 to 20 em. long; they agree well with Giinther’s diagnosis. Head 4% to 5 in length; depth 33 to 33. Eye 33 to 33 in head; maxillary 15 or 2. Pectorals long, pointed, 4 to 4% in length. Origin of dorsal nearer caudal than scapula by half length of head. A. 55, 59, 61, 62 in our specimens; D. 11, 12, 13, 14. Scutes 27 or 28. Teeth in jaws strong, incurved, in a single series. Color light olivaceous above, bright silvery below angle of gill-opening. A faint bluish streak sometimes present along upper edge of silvery area. No dark humeral spot. A broad black vertebral band. End of snout and tip of lower jaw black. Fins translucent, with dark specks along the rays. 75. Opisthopterus macrops (Gunther). Occurring but rarely. Three specimens were obtained, each about 225 mm. long. The species is readily distinguished from O. dovii by its much larger eye, more oblique mouth, strongly concave occipital profile, and deeper body with much stronger ventral curvature. The teeth are much smaller than in O. dovii, and there is a conspicuous humeral spot, lacking in the latter. In the specimens taken, the head is 4% or 43 in length, the depth 2% to 38. Eye 23 to 2} in head. Front of dorsal slightly nearer root of caudal than scapula, farther forward than in O. dovii. Pee- toral 43 to 43 in length. Scutes 27. D.13 or 14. A. 62. Coloration as in O. dovi, but with a large black humeral spot. Not heretofore reported since the discovery of the type at Panama by Capt. J. M. Dow. 76. Odontognathus panamensis (Steindachner). Only the type specimen is known. 42 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Family ENGRAULIDID. 77. Anchovia miarcha (Jordan & Gilbert). Collected by Prof. Frank H. Bradley in the Pearl Islands, Bay of Panama (Jorpan & GILBERT, 1882 n, p. 622); not seen by us. 78. Anchovia ischana (Jordan & (rilbert). Three specimens taken, the largest 63 mm. long. 79. Anchovia curta (Jordan & (Gilbert). Numerous specimens were taken. Some of these have the lateral streak ‘somewhat indistinct,” as given in the original description of the species, while others have the streak much better marked, with well-defined edges. It widens on the caudal peduncle and wholly disappears anteriorly. 80. Anchovia opercularis (Jordan & Gilbert). A specimen of this species is recorded by Gilbert (18904, p. 449) from Al- batross Station 2802, Panama Bay, in 16 fathoms. 81. Anchovia lucida Jordan & Gilbert. Five specimens were taken, the largest 57 mm. in total length. In the original description of this species the cheek is described as being over half the length of the head. This is evidently a mistake, and should probably read, cheek over half the post-orbital part of the head. This would agree with the speci- mens taken. 82. Anchovia rastralis (Gilbert & Pierson). Prats VIII, Fie. 14. Stolephorus rastralis GILBERT & PIERSON (JORDAN & EVERMANN, 1898, p. 2811). Head 3.16 (3.1 to 3.3); depth 3.8 (3.5 to 4.2); eye 3.4 in head (3.33 to4). D. 14 (12 to 15) A. 26 to 32. Length 5 to 8 cm. Body much compressed and deep; belly sharply keeled in front of ventrals; dorsal outline much less curved than ventral. The lower profile rises very rapidly from a point opposite middle of pectorals to tip of snout, the shape of head thus closely resembling that of Cetengraulis. Maxillary reaching almost but not quite to gill-opening; snout high, compressed, its length 4 to # diameter of eye. Gill rakers averaging in larger examples 51464, in smaller specimens 44+ 50; the largest about as long as eye. Insertion of dorsal fin variable, but never posterior to a point midway between base of caudal and middle of eye; pectoral fins reaching to or nearly to insertion of ventrals; the latter not to vent. Color olivaceous, the lower part of sides with violet reflections; sides of head silvery; a con- spicuous silvery lateral band, varying in width from about one and one-third times length of orbit in the largest examples to less than one-half the orbit in the smaller specimens. The band is widest before GILBERT AND STARKS—FISHES OF PANAMA BAY 43 dorsal, and tapers to half or less than half its greatest width on caudal peduncle, where it frequently disappears in the young. In larger specimens the ventral edge of this band is frequently ill-defined anteriorly. Top of head with widely spaced black specks. A dark vertebral streak, more or less of which often consists of two narrow lines. Tips of caudal lobes often blackish; fins otherwise unmarked. Differing from closely allied species in the following characters: From A. /ucida, in the much longer head, more compressed body, well defined lateral stripe, and smaller eye; from A. compressa, in the longer head and wider lateral band; from 4. panamensis and A. mundeola, in the much more numer- ous gill rakers, and the more anterior position of the dorsal relatively to the anal, the origin of the anal being under the middle of the dorsal, while in 4. panamensis the origin of the two fins lie in the same vertical. 83. Anchovia naso (Gilbert & Pierson). Stolephorus naso GILBERT & PIERSON (JORDAN & EVERMANN, 1898, p. 2813). Head 3.3-3.5 in length; depth 4.7-5.8; eye 4.5-5 in head. Anal 22-24; dorsal 14 or 15; lateral line about 35. Dorsal and ventral outlines weakly arched; body slender, compressed, its greatest depth 1.5 in head; belly carinated in front of ventrals, and sometimes behind them in larger specimens. Head long and slender, its greatest width 1.5 to 1.7 in its length, the lower profile much more oblique than the upper. Snout long, compressed, bluntly rounded, its length exceeding the small eye. Cheek with a very acute posterior angle. | Opercle narrow, oblique. | Maxillary rather bluntly pointed, failing to reach gill-opening by about one-half diameter of pupil. Teeth on the maxillary quite prominent and directed forward. Gill-rakers short, 17-+-20 in number; the longest 1} in eye. Scales large, thin, deciduous, only a few scattering ones remaining on our specimens. Dorsal fin inserted midway between front or middle of orbit and base of median caudal rays. Origin of anal under or slightly behind middle of dorsal; length of anal base about equal to the distance from front of orbit to base of ventral fin. Pectorals not reaching ventrals, their length about one-half length of head. Length of ventrals equaling or slightly exceeding distance from tip of snout to middle of pupil. Color light olive, with the usual bright reflections; a large dark patch of brown dots on occiput; a double series of dots along median line posterior to dorsal, this absent in some specimens; large specimens with a bright well defined silvery streak, slightly narrowing anteriorly and on caudal peduncle, its greatest width about equaling diameter of eye. Inthe young, this band is fainter and narrower. A conspicuous series of black dots at base of anal. Characterized by the slender form, well defined silvery streak, sharply carinated breast, the small eye, and the very long, compressed, deep and rather bluntly rounded snout. Most closely resembling A. starks7, from which it differs in smaller eye, longer snout, and slightly longer anal. Length 40 to 52 mm. 84. Anchovia starksi (Gilbert & Pierson). Stolephorus starksi GILBERT & PrersON (Jordan & Evermann, 1898, p. 2813). Head 3.3 to 3.6; depth 4.8 to 5.5 in length, 1.3 in head. Eye 3 to 3.5 in head. Dorsal 15 or 16; anal 17 to 22; scales about 41. Vertebrze 4o (counted in one example only). Body long and slender, slightly deeper and more compressed than in A. zschanus, which much resembles this species. Dorsal outline very little arched; ventral outline nearly straight from gill open- ing to insertion of anal fin, the lower profile of head oblique, nearly straight. Belly compressed, keeled for anterior two-thirds of its length in front of base of ventrals. Head long and pointed, its width 14 times in its length. Maxillary abruptly widened opposite the mandibular joint, tapering posteriorly to a blunt point, which reaches almost to the gill-opening, its length equal to length of base of anal. Snout long, sharp, and projecting, abruptly compressed in its 44 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES terminal portion as seen from above, its length two-thirds diameter of orbit, or slightly more. Branch- iostegal membranes united at base for a very short distance. In four examples examined as to this point, the gill-rakers are as follows: 20+25, 23-24, 21+23, 19+30; the longest contained 14 to 12 in eye. Scales large, thin, deciduous, a few only remaining on the specimens at hand. Origin of the dorsal fin equally distant from the base of the caudal fin and the tip of snout or front of eye. Anal inserted under beginning of posterior third of base of dorsal. Pectorals not reaching ventrals, the latter extending three-fifths distance to front of anal. Color light olive, with broad, well defined, lateral silvery streak of nearly uniform width, usually narrowing anteriorly and on middle of caudal peduncle, its width in our largest specimens five- sixths diameter of eye. The silvery streak has a slight golden tinge. | A narrow dark vertebral line, which widens on the nape. Occiput blackish. This species differs from 4. cultrata in its slenderer body, shorter snout, wider opercle and smaller teeth; the belly is also not sharply carinate, the dorsal is more anteriorly placed, the ventrals are farther back, and tbe silvery streak is wider anteriorly. It differs from 4. delicatissima in its longer, slenderer head and body, smaller eye, longer, sharper snout, and much wider, better defined silvery streak. Length 4 to6 em. Named for Mr. Edwin Chapin Starks. 85. Anchovia panamensis (Steindachner). This species was found to be rather common. Dr. Steindachner seems to have had both A. panamensis and A. mundeola, as his description covers both in many respects. His count of scales would apply better to A. mundeola than to A. panamensis, which has 38 to 41. The length of head, 4%, applies better to A. panamensis, that of A. mundeola being generally about 4 in length of body. Otherwise there seem to be no differences. 86. Anchovia mundeola (Gilbert & Pierson). Stolephorus mundeolus GILBERT & PIERSON (Jordan & Evermann, 1898, p. 2812). Head 4.15 (4 to 4.25); depth 3.77 (3.40 to 4.25); eye 3.44 in head (3.12 to 3.70). Dorsal 13 or 14; anal 33 (33 to 35); scales 36 (36 to 39). Dorsal and ventral contours about equally and gradually rounded from the middle region of body to the tip of snout and base of caudal fin. Snout short, high, compressed, blunt at tip, its length 14 in eye. Eye very large. Maxillary broad, taper- ing to a sharp point which reaches margin of gill-opening. Gill-rakers 17-+21 to 22-24; the longest 1} to 2ineye. Anterior insertion of dorsal fin varying from a point midway between base of caudal and middle of eye to a point midway between the caudal and tip of snout. In ten examples its inser- tion is before that of the anal. Anal fin long, averaging 33 rays; its origin beneath the anterior third of the dorsal; length of base shorter than in 4. fanamensis, being 3,'5 in length, while in the latter its length is contained 24 in length. Pectorals long, reaching well beyond the insertion of the ventrals, equaling length of head behind front of pupil; a large axillary scale. Ventrals scarcely reaching vent. Color uniformly light olive with silvery reflections; a faint, narrow, silvery stripe, sometimes scarcely distinguishable. Sides of head plain silvery. Upper margin of orbital rim black. Dorsal region blackish. A faint, narrow, dark line on each side of the light mid-dorsal streak. Caudal slightly dusky. Fins otherwise unmarked. This species is closely allied to A. panamensis and A. compressa, but may be distin- guished from the former by its longer head, larger eye, greater depth, fewer scales along the lateral line, and its much shorter anal base; also by the much fainter lateral silvery stripe. The eye is con- tained 14 to 16 times in length, excluding the caudal; while in paxamensis the length contains the eye 16 to 20 times. GILBERT AND STARKS—FISHES OF PANAMA BAY 45 From A. compressa it differs in the relative length of the head and maxillary. In A. munde- ofa the maxillary is contained in the head 14 times (1.19 to 1.37); in compressa 14 times (1.30 to 1.81). In mundeola the head is contained 4.15 times in the length; in compressa 4.44 times. Since the publication of the above description, as cited, the material has been further studied by Chloe Lesley Starks, whose results we are permitted to incorporate below. Twenty-seven specimens were measured, ranging in size from 72 to 120 mm. in length. In A. panamensis the head measures .21 to .25 of the length exclusive of the caudal; in 4. mundeola .24 to .26. The depth of panamensis is .24 to .26; of mundeola .24 to .27._ The size of the eye is the most striking difference between the two species, holding well from .053 to .063 in panamensis and from .07 to .074$ in maundeola. The maxillary measures about the same throughout (doubtless some tips are broken). In fanamensis the snout measures about .o4 and in mundeola from .04 to .05. Gill-rakers and also the rays in the dorsal and anal fins number about the same in the two species. The length of anal base in anamensis seems generally longer, running from .35 to .39 of length, while in #andeo/a it runs from .33 to .36. The number of scales varies from 39 to 41 in panamensis; from 36 to 39 in mendeola. The extremes of the two species differ greatly in appearance, and no difficulty is encountered in separating them; but a few specimens seem to come so nearly inter- mediate that it is difficult to know to which form to assign them. When collected the two species were easily separable on account of the faint, silvery, lateral stripe of mundeola, but since preservation it has so faded in both species that it cannot be considered. These two species may prove to be the same, but since A. mundeola has been described, it will be better to consider the two as distinct, until enough material can be obtained to settle the point beyond question. Measurements tn Hundredths of Length to Base of Caudal. e 3 é ANCHOVIA PANAMENSIS. 77 24 254 6 18 4 36 16 4+ 22 34 13 40 89 23 25 64 18} 4 38 TO=1 22 32 13 40 92 22 26 62 19 4 36 15 + 18 32 12 41 86 21 24 52 17} 4 38 19) Se Be 32 11} 39 hit 23 24 6 18 4 277 iif) de 2 33 13 41 88 23 25 6 175 4 38 16 + 24 35 14 39 89 23 24 65 17 4 39 17 + 22 33 13 40 109 24 26 6% 19 4 35 lo) GE BS 30 I4 40 105 24 26 63 18% 4 36 Sy 22 32 13 39 79 25 26 67 20 4 35 15 + 19 32 14 40 hacia) ; October 12, 1903. 46 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Measurements in Hundredths of Length to Base of Caudal. e & g ANCHOVIA MUNDEOLA. 84 25 253 7% 19 5 36 16 4° 23 30 13 39 83 254 243 7 19s | 45 35 16 + 22 33 13 38 gl 253 25 i 19 43 36 16 + 19 31 13 37 87 25 264 a 21 5 34 6) tk, rls) 31 13 39 78 25 24 7 20 4h 35 7) tL we 32 13 38 104 26 254 7 19 44 35 17 + 23 33 13 37 108 24 Zi 7 18 4 36 20) 4-24 35 14 oY LOZ 24% ZAT| a 183 4 36 16 + 25 33 12 37 93 25 26 fi 204 43 34 17 + 23 32 13 39 101 24% 26 74 19 43 34 17 + 22 33 12 37 82 26 26 7 21 5 334 6) SE 07 31 13 37 116 25 28 ih 20 5 34 17 + 22 31 13 39 120 24 27 7 19 4 34 16 + 23 32 14 37 108 244 27 5) 20 43 353 13}, tL Be) 31 14 36 75 25 26 73 20 45 35 17 + 23 31 13 38 103 25 261 74 21 4 BR 17) a, Bil 30 12 6y7/ 107 25 26 74 205 4 354 AO) te 22 31 14 36 87. Anchovia spinifera (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Puiate VIII, Fic. 15. yy ol ° I'wo specimens were taken in shallow water by means of a cast-net. Head 4 in length; depth 4; dorsal 16; anal 38; scales 42. Form moderately slender, the dorsal outline ascending in nearly a straight line from snout to front of dorsal, where it reaches the greatest height; thence descending at about the same angle ina straight line to caudal peduncle; ventral outline evenly curved from tip of lower jaw to caudal peduncle. Abdomen somewhat compressed, not serrated. The head is rather long, and has a sharp conical snout. The upper posterior outline of the gill-opening is very oblique. A line drawn from snout to angle of opercle would nearly parallel the oblique maxillary. The subopercle projects beyond the opercle ina triangular process. The eye is placed within the first two-fifths of the head. The maxillary is slender, and not angulated on its upper outline towards its posterior end. It is widest near angle of mouth, and ends in a’ rather sharp point near lower edge of gill-opening. The teeth are small but sharp. The gill-rakers are slightly shorter than the orbit; about 15-++17 in number. The origin of the anal is about under the middle of dorsal. The pectorals extend to or slightly past the middle of the outer ventral rays. GILBERT AND STARKS—FISHES OF PANAMA BAY 47 Owing to the action of formalin, these specimens have little of their original color left. Where scales remain, the lower parts of the sides are bright silvery, rather abruptly shaded to olive above. Apparently no lateral stripe was present. The caudal and the first rays of dorsal are tipped with black. In life, the caudal and dorsal were otherwise bright yellow. Measurements in Hundredths of Length to Base of Caudal. 3 & wn al A —¥ Ve Ss & @ = Z¢ a ir = 2 S58 =| 2 o g ae - s ° a a 5s BS Me Le} C) = | & ° ~ way ~ Seat . s E=| wn wn n veh) : a = ss ve) u uv uv. Wey Si = . o =I oo 7) bo wm oe g z a g g a 5 2 Ale Hs aq A af a DB 4 ri H 4 96 26 25 54 22 4 38 20 15 174 99 26 26 53 22 45 39 19 14 17 88. Anchovia macrolepidota (Aner & Steindachner). Very abundant, reaching a large size and used for bait. The body is closely compressed, and very minute teeth persist in the maxillaries even in adults. 89. Cetengraulis mysticetus Giinther. Abundant; often used as bait in hand-line fishing. It reaches a length of 20 em. Our specimens have been compared with (. edentu/us from Jamaica, and are found to differ from this closely related Atlantic representative in the slightly longer head, slenderer body and caudal peduncle, smaller eye, and shorter anal fin. The anal has an average of but one less ray, instead of three less, as given by Jordan & Evermann, 1896, p. 450. In the original description, the gill-rakers on the lower part of arch are said to number 42. Dr. Boulenger has kindly reéxamined for us the three types in the British Museum, and finds in each from 55 to 60 gill-rakers. The number in the specimens at hand ranges from 53 to 66. In these specimens, the pectorals usually do not reach the ventrals, either terminating some distance from them, or rarely approximating them. The color in life is light olivaceous or olive-green above, passing into the bright silvery of sides and lower parts. No lateral stripe. Caudal margined with dusky. 48 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Measurements in Hundredths of Length without Caudal. Species | CETENGRAULIS MYSTICETUS CETENGRAULIS EDENTULUS Locality | Panama South Atlantic Length without caudal, AINMNIM eee eeee sees ceeses 149 153 144 145 152 106 96 IOI 109 104 LCA if ssicmseemrerssters esses 36 36 37 27] 354 34 33 33 33 33 Deptheesss eee eae: 31 30 31 29 30 || 314 | 33 33 345 32 OLbite aie: scree = 8 74 74 8 74 8 9 8 84 9 Maxallaty:sase-esem nesses 21 214 | 22 20 le 21 20 20 19 20 20 SnOub os seegeteaneemene tears 4 4 4 44 4 5 5 5 5 5 Greatest length from pre- opercular ridge to gill- | Openin geese seen eee || 4 15 15 14 15 12 12 12 II 12 Number of dorsal rays.. 15 15 15 15 14 14 14 15 15 15 Number of anal rays.... 22 23 23 22 22 24 24 23 23 23 Number of scales........ 42 40 43 43 42 39 40 41 40 41 go. Cetengraulis engymen Gilberl & Pierson. Cetengraulis engymen GILBERT & PrERSON (Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 2815). This species differs from C. mystécetus in the much narrower union of the gill membranes, the less numerous gill-rakers, and in the longer snout. Head 3 to 3.3 in length; depth 4 to 4.9; eye 4 in head; dorsal r4 or 15; anal 20 to 23; vertebrae 41. Body compressed, fusiform, not so deep as in mysticetus or edentulus. The dorsal and ventral outlines are about equally and regularly curved in the larger specimens; in the smaller specimens the ventral contour is more nearly straight. Belly trenchant, but not carinate nor serrate; caudal peduncle moderate, its depth being contained 1.5 times in its length. Head similar to mysticetus; the snout longer, contained 5.5 to 7 times in head, 14 times in eye (the snout is contained 8 to 9 times in head, in mysticetus). Both jaws bear minute teeth, those on the maxillary largest. Branchiostegal membranes united for only # to 2 of the distance between tip of mandible and mandibular articulation; wholly free from the isthmus. Tip of mandible directly beneath the anterior border of orbit. Gill-rakers long, nine-tenths diameter of eye, 20 to 30 on the upper limb, 25 to 30 on the lower limb; in five examples as follows, 25-+-30, 27-+25, 304-26, 25-30, 23-+29 to 20425. The origin of the dorsal is midway between base of median caudal rays and a point varying between front and middle of the eye. Insertion of anal below the posterior fourth or third of the dorsal, its length equaling the distance from the posterior border of the eye to insertion of pectoral. The pectoral is short, 24 to 24 in head, failing to reach the insertion of the ventrals by half or nearly half its length. Caudal deeply forked, its median rays 24 to 3 times in head, Color uniformly silvery, with a distinct, well defined lateral silvery band, extending from upper angle of gill-opening to base of caudal; its greatest width equals the diameter of orbit, becoming narrower on caudal peduncle. Length 38 to 57 mm. GILBERT AND STARKS—FISHES OF PANAMA BAY 49 gt. Lycengraulis poeyi (Kner & Sleindachner). Seven specimens were taken, the largest 198 mm. in total length. In some of the specimens the pectorals scarcely reach to the base of the ventrals, while in others they reach a very little past this point. The gill-rakers become shorter and somewhat thicker with age. We have compared these specimens with a single specimen of L. grossidens from Pernambuco, Brazil. The latter specimen seems to differ from ZL. poeyi in having a slightly longer maxillary, a greater distance separating the tip of snout from lower angle of cheek, and in the slightly larger teeth, which are more uneven and more widely spaced. Measurements in Hundredths of Length without Caudal. SYRAOES A meres cotdut cca eoner Mee Cen CEE: LYCENGRAULIS POEYI. 7 ae IL OrCAD AA aane ane Src ROP RE ana aR eee Panama. Brazil. Length without caudal, in mm............. 186 159 Esse |) a3G 198 | 169 Head in 1ooths of length.................... 238 23 23% 23 233 es DIST LI katie encionecnicenby DRC oCe Cc oom Reem er aeeEee 26 24 24 25 24 25 [BW on dubodeuneee bOsec CORE a EERE eee ae 5 5 5 5 42 | 4? INOS ETE ion dan oR Gogo He eEeE EC CCORED OEE AC ERE 18 174 18} 18 18 203 Origin of dorsal from snout................. 564 56 544 55 543 55% Greatest distance from eye to gill-opening 15 14 144 144 14 15 Snout to lower angle of cheek.............. 184 18h 18 18 19 203 | DIO IRSEI WRENS Seema soc esecsceOne ao aicees BeRaeeOne 15 14 15 14 T4 15 MIA ISLAY Sere Reece asnrohs upseine vente dessus 24 25 24 24 25 24 (Galleralkcensee arse techs net ade de tition tates 14+20 | I5+19 | 14420 |] 14420} 12419 14-118 S cal leswe etree ee ee eo ea eects || 40 40 41 41 40 39 Family SYNODONTID. g2. Synodus evermanni Jordan & Bollman. Dredged by the “Albatross” in Panama Bay, at Stations 2795 and 2797, 33 fathoms; not seen by us. The species is also known from “Albatross” Stations 2831, 3043, 3044, off the coast of Lower California, in depths of 12 to 74 fathoms; and Station 2998, Gulf of California, 40 fathoms. 5\0) CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 93. Synodus scituliceps Jordan & Gilbert. Synodus jenkinst JORDAN & BOLLMAN, 1889, p. 153. Two specimens seen, one of which is 40 cm. long, and is preserved. The head is remarkably long, 32 in length. Five rows of scales between lateral line and median series before dorsal; seven rows between lateral line and median series before anus; sixty scales in lateral line; six rows on cheeks. These characters would range the specimen under the nominal species S. jenkinsi, which we are unable, however, to distinguish from 8. scituliceps. Specimens from Mazatlan with short head (typical S. scituliceps) have five or six rows of scales on the cheeks (never four as originally described), and have the anterior dorsal rays reaching or not reaching tip of posterior ray when depressed. In these, the head varies from 33 to 4; in length, no specimen before us having the head as small as described for the type of S. scituliceps (43). The species was also seen at Acapulco (Dec. 20), several specimens being observed lying on the sandy bottom near the wharf. They lie rigidly in a straight line, and their colors harmonize so well with that of the sand that they are detected with difficulty. One specimen, on coming to rest after swimming a short distance, disappeared in the sand, leaving only the tip of the snout exposed. It did not enter head first, but settled into the sand with its whole length at once, apparently throwing up the sand by motions of its pectoral and ventral fins. Family PC&SCILIID®. 94. Pecilia elongata Giinther. Very abundant in the brackish sloughs about Panama. We found it also in the market, where numerous specimens were taken from 5 to 18 em. in length. These are all females, no males being seen. All of the specimens examined have young in the oviduct, about 18 mm. in length, apparently about ready to be set free. They have four or five narrow, distinct cross-bars on the body. The scale-pouches have also a narrow, dark border, which shows through the scales as in the adult. We here supplement the original description, from specimens 10 to 18 em. in length. Head 33 to 47 in length; depth 3: to4. Eye 3} to 4% in head, slightly less than half the interorbital width in the larger specimens, slightly more than half in specimens 10 cm. long. Interorbital width half head. Height of caudal peduncle 1; to 13 in head, diminishing in height but slightly (sometimes not at all) from dorsal to caudal base. Scales in six specimens 30, in six specimens 31, in four specimens 32. Nine specimens have 10 dorsal rays, two have 9; eight specimens have 9 anal rays, four have 8. After removing and drying the jaws, a narrow band of very fine villiform teeth, behind the dark-tipped slender outer teeth of each jaw, may be seen by the aid of a lens. GILBERT AND STARKS—FISHES OF PANAMA BAY 51 95. Pecilia boucardii Steindachner. Very abundant in fresh and brackish water. Found in every pond and stream in the savannah about Panama. They agree very well with Dr. Steindach- ner’s description of the typical specimens, which were taken about Colon. The black spots on the caudal are quite variable in size. In most specimens the caudal fin and even the posterior part of the caudal peduncle, is profusely covered with rather large black spots. There are elongate or elliptical spots between the rays, and smaller indistinct spots are on the rays. In a few specimens the spots are small and diffused, those on the rays being most persistent. The young, 25 to 40 mm. long, have only small indistinct spots. 96. Anableps dowei (ill. Not seen by us. The types of the species have been ascribed to Panama, this locality being based on the following ambiguous statement by Gill (1861, p. 3): “There has recently been sent to the Smithsonian Institution from Panama, by Captain J. M. Dow, a new species of the genus Anab/eps.” While this specimen was sent from Panama, it was apparently not captured at that point, as witness the following statement published by Dow (1861, p. 30): “Some time since, while in the bay of La Union, State of San Salvador, I caught . . . a couple of what I supposed was Anableps tetroph- thalmus; but upon sending them to my friend, Professor Baird, of the Smithsonian Institution at Washington, was somewhat surprised and gratified to hear that they were of an entirely new species . . . A. dowii.” On a subsequent trip, Dow obtained (1. c.) from the same locality several specimens, which were likewise sent to the Smithsonian Institution (see Jordan and Gilbert, 18827, p. 373). Others are recorded by Giinther (1866 a, p. 338) from Chiapam and Guatemala, and still others (Giinther, 18646, p. 27) are said to have been collected by Captain Dow on the “Pacific Coast of Panama.” There seems to be no warrant for changing the spelling of the specific name, as has been done, to dowi, dowti or dovii. It appears as dowei in three places in the original description, a fact which sufficiently indicates the deliberate intention of the author concerning it. Family ESOCID. 97. Tylosurus scapularis Jordan & Gilbert. Several specimens seined in fresh water at Miraflores. Four specimens pre- served, the largest 41 cm. in length, the others 23. In these specimens the caudal peduncle is not compressed, as described for the type, but is about as wide as deep. The body is somewhat depressed, especially in the ventral region. The description of the type states that the eye “is contained 8 or 9 times in the length of the upper jaw” (this agrees with our specimens), “and 2 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 34 times in rest of head.” This last doubtless should read postorbital part of head. The eye in our specimen is contained 43 to nearly 5 times in head without upper jaw. The description states that the anterior dorsal rays are “as long as from eye to edge of opercle.” This should read to edge of preopercle or to anterior edge of opercle. The lateral band tapers to a point at each end. It is nearly confined to the posterior third of the body, and does not reach to the caudal rays. In the large speci- men it is dusky silvery and has ill-defined edges, while in the small ones it is well defined and bright silvery. It is bordered above witha dark streak, very conspicuous in the younger specimens, but diffused and only slightly darker than the body in the large specimen. 98. Tylosurus stolzmanni (Steindachner). Two specimens were taken, 51 and 62 em. in entire length. Besides these we have in the Museum of Stanford University aspecimen from Mazatlan of about the size of our smaller specimen. ‘These are larger than the type (477 mm. in length), from the description of which they differ in some minor respects. In our specimens the body is as broad as high at the region of the ventrals. The interorbital space is a little wider than diameter of eye, which is contained 12 times in length of head. The anal base is a little longer than the dorsal base. The insertion of the ventrals is nearer the caudal base than the posterior border of the eye by from 1 (in the larger specimen) to 3 times the diameter of the eye. This is probably the species recorded by Boulenger (1899, p. 2) from the Gulf of Panama, under the name Belone truncata. 99. Tylosurus fodiator Jordan & Gilbert. Not uncommon at Panama. Like other gars, it is called Aguja by the native fishermen. 100. Tylosurus pacificus (Steindachner). Three specimens were collected, which agree very well with the description of the type. Family HEMIRHAMPHIDZ. 101. Hyporhamphus unifasciatus (Ranzani). Two specimens collected at Panama by Captain J. M. Dow have been identified by Jordan and Gilbert (18827, p. 373) with the short-nosed half-beak, H. poeyi (= H. unifasciatus). The species is also recorded from Panama by Jordan & Bollman (1889, p. 180). GILBERT AND STARKS—FISHES OF PANAMA BAY ao 102. Hyporhamphus roberti (Cuvier & Valenciennes). One small specimen taken, about 15 em. in length. 103. Hemirhamphus saltator sp. nov. Puiate IX, Fie. 16. Hemirhamphus balao JORDAN, 1885, p. 370 (Panama); not of Le Sueur. Head from tip of upper jaw, 44 in length from the same point to base of caudal; depth 6! to 6,5. Dorsal 13 or 14; anal 11 or 12; scales 53 or 54. Body compressed, the sides vertical and parallel. Mandible from tip of upper jaw 44 to 44 in length. Diameter of eye slightly exceeding interorbital width, 4 to 44 in head. Pectoral 14 to 14 in head. Insertion of ventrals midway between base of caudal and anterior third of pectoral fin. Last ventral ray produced, and longer than first ray. Front of anal a little anterior to middle of dorsal base; the posterior end of anal base coterminous with that of dorsal. Posterior ray of dorsal produced; anterior rays about a third higher than those of anal. Color uniform bright silvery on lower part of sides, dusky silvery above. An inconspicuous, dark, narrow lateral streak extends from upper angle of gill-opening to just above middle of caudal. Top of head and upper jaw dark. Dorsal and caudal dark; pectorals dusky; ventrals colorless, except a slight dusky tinge towards ends of outer rays; anal white. This species is closely related to H. brasiliensis from the West Indies, with which it has been identified. It differs from that species in the smaller eye, longer mandible, and longer pectoral fin. The insertion of the ventrals is more anterior; the horizontal length of the opercle is greater; the anterior rays of the dorsal are lower, and there are one or two more scales in a horizontal series. Eight specimens were taken, from 41 to 46 em. in entire length. (8) October 21, 1903. 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Fodiator acutus (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Abundant in Panama Bay; many were seen flying, and four specimens were taken, 145 to 158 mm. in length. They agree well with the description of the type. 105. Cypselurus callopterus ((iinther). Two specimens were collected, 25 and 31 cm.in length. They agree well with Dr. Giinther’s description and plate. 106. Exonautes rufipinnis (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Only the type of Hxocetus dowi Gill, 1863, p. 167, ( = LZ. rufipinnis), is known from the vicinity of Panama. Family FISTULARIDZ. 107. Fistularia depressa Giinther. A single large specimen was taken in the market at Panama. We have examined specimens from Japan, Honolulu, the Philippines, and La Paz, L. C., and can distinguish no differences between them. In the figure of this species given by Dr. Giinther (Shore-fishes, Challenger, Plate XXXII), the greatest width between the diverging ridges on the anterior part of the snout is indicated at a point too far forward. In our specimens the ridges are farthest apart at the beginning of the anterior ? or } of the snout. The interorbital area appears to be more coneave in small specimens (25 cm. in length) than in the larger ones. In the latter the interorbital is contained 5} in the postorbital part of the head. In specimens 50 cm. in length the orbit (measuring the extreme length between the bones surrounding the eye) is from 91 to 92 in the head, and the length of the max- illary is 93. Inaspecimen 69 em. in length, the maxillary is contained 10 times and the eye 11 times in the head. A large number of small specimens 25 to 28 em., and one specimen 41 em. in length from Honolulu, are plain brown on the back, while a larger specimen 61 cm. long has blue spots, as in our Panama specimen. Four specimens from La Paz, 51 em. long, all show blue spots. The following color description was taken from our Panama specimen in the fresh condition. Olive-brown on upper parts, white below. A pair of narrow blue stripes, interrupted anteriorly and posteriorly, begin at the nape, diverge backward and cross the lateral line just in front of the point where it becomes straight, then run just above and parallel to the lateral line as far as the tail. Another pair of streaks, made each by a series of blue spots, runs close along each side of mid-dorsal line, from a 56 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES point above axil of pectorals to front of dorsal. Behind dorsal a single series of spots occupies the median line of back. 108. Fistularia corneta sp. nov. Puate X, Fies. 18 anv 18a. Five specimens, each 62 em. long, were seen in the Panama market; two of these were preserved. Besides these, we have in the collection of Stanford Uni- versity several small specimens from Panama, collected by the “Albatross,” and several small ones from Mazatlan. Head 3 in length. Depth of body, a short distance in front of dorsal fin, 4 the depth at occiput. At insertion of ventral fins the width of the body is twice its depth. The extreme length of the orbit is contained 9 times in the length of the head; maxillary 132 to 133; interorbital width (bone) 3 to 4 in postorbital part of head. Length of pectoral, from base of upper ray to tips of longest rays, 6% to 7 in head; ventrals rr. The maxillary is rather short, and has a concave posterior border. The upper lateral ridge of snout is serrated on its posterior three-fifths. On the anterior half of the serrated portion, the serra- tions become abruptly finer and more crowded. The two superior ridges of the snout are rather wide apart posteriorly, and very gradually approach each other anteriorly. They are scarcely divergent or even parallel in the large specimens, but in the small ones they diverge slightly on the anterior half of the snout. The distance between them is everywhere much greater than their distance from the upper lateral ridge. The area between the upper lateral ridge and the superior ridges is generally smooth, sometimes somewhat uneven, but never roughly sculptured. The interorbital area is flat and roughly sculptured on each side, and its middle third is depressed to form a smooth channel. The pectoral reaches about one-third of the distance between the base of its upper ray and the insertion of the ventrals. The dorsal and anal fins are exactly opposite and equal in length; their base 4 times their distance from the middle caudal rays. The skin is everywhere smooth; the lateral line is not armed with bony plates. In the five specimens seen at Panama (fresh) the back was a uniform dark brown. In the small specimens from Panama and Mazatlan there is usually a lighter stripe, with ill-defined edges, on each side of the back, a short distance above the lateral line, and following its course to the base of the caudal fin. This species differs from /’. depressa in having a shorter maxillary, a larger eye (in specimens of the same size), and particularly in having a much wider inter- orbital space. There is no trace of blue markings in our material. We have several specimens of /. petimba from Formosa and Japan, which agree well with the description given by Dr. Giinther (Shore-fishes, Challenger, p. 68) under the name /. serrata. They differ from F’. corneta in haying the superior ridges of the snout very close together and parallel for nearly their whole length. (They are spoken of as ridges, though they appear, in this species especially, as a single, raised, flat area posteriorly, the sides of which are left in relief as ridges anteriorly.) The distance between them is everywhere much less than their distance from the upper lateral ridge. The area between the upper lateral ridge and the superior ridges is roughly sculptured with radiating lines, as shown in the illustration accompanying the description cited above (Plate XXXII). The interorbital area is GILBERT AND STARKS—FISHES OF PANAMA BAY ~] deeply concave and without flat supraorbital areas. The serrations of the upper lateral ridge are coarse. The skin is rough to the touch, and the lateral line is armed with small, bony, stellate plates, which become larger posteriorly. We have no specimens of F. tabacaria, but from current descriptions it is different from F. corneta. It seems always to have blue spots and to have few or no serrations on the upper lateral ridge. It has not been recorded from the Pacific. Family SYNGNATHIDZ. 109. Siphostoma auliscus Swain. Two specimens, 122 and 88 mm. long, were taken in the Rio Grande, at Miraflores, near Panama. We have compared them with two small specimens of S. auliscus from Magdalena Bay, L. C., and find the only difference to be the more anterior anal opening in the smaller specimen, in which it occupies the ring just anterior to dorsal. In the other specimens it is in the same ring with the front of dorsal. The Panama specimens are darker and more mottled. Each body ring has a broken vertical white streak, and on about every fifth ring is a faint dark streak. 110. Hippocampus ingens Girard. Three specimens taken, 5, 8,and 10 cm. long. The smaller two, a male and a female, are rough with papille, and have many dermal flaps. The largest one, a female, is almost perfectly destitute of these, though upon close examination with a lens very small, white papillz are to be seen. Two specimens from Mazatlan in the collection of the Stanford University have been examined. One is smooth, the other covered with dermal flaps. Family ATHERINID. 111. Kirtlandia pachylepis (Giinther). This species and KX. gilberti, referred to the genus Menidia by Jordan and Evermann (1896, pp. 798 and 801), the former afterwards transferred to the genus Thyrina by these authors (1898, p. 2840), belong to the genus Kirtlandia. We have compared them with A. vagrans, the type of the genus. Like the latter, they have crenate scales, which are, however, smooth, not “very rough to the touch,” as described by Jordan and Evermann. Our specimens of A. vagrans and K. pachy- lepis have no scales on the dorsal. The base of the anal has a row of rather long scales. Both the dorsal and anal of X. gi/berti are scaleless. Nine specimens of K. pachylepis were collected. They differ from Giinther’s description only in the slightly longer head, and in a greater range of fin-rays. Head and depth 5 in length of body without caudal. Eye and snout about equal, 3; in head. Angle of lower jaw slightly in advance of front of orbit. Inter- 58 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES orbital space one-fourth or one-fifth wider than eye. Jaws with a band of villiform teeth. Pectorals reaching nearly to tip of ventrals. Anal and soft dorsal conter- minous. Seales 41 to 43. About 27 seales on back in a series between occiput and spinous dorsal. Fins unmarked. Snout and a small area on top of head behind eye dusky. Back dusky, with small brown punctulations, which narrowly border each scale. Lateral streak dark above, shading downward into silvery, widest under the dorsals. A dark line on back from dorsal to occiput, composed of a single row of dark brown dots; more conspicuous in the smaller specimens. Measurements in Hundredths of Length without Caudal. Length without caudal, in mm.... | 115 99 97 99 109 100 97 97 82 Iea ds iiscestowsosscemerceesseeceeeseste 204 204 20 20 21 20% | 20 203 | 20 Me pthicne-cosesoecnaeeesceeeracciencoee 204 21 20 204 | 20 20% 193 | - 204 194 IS GeesSen cane eee actiiopaecn qudcenr deseo Nea; 6 63 64 6 4 63 Snottesa ato ee en eres | etl 36 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 Insertion of ventrals from snout... | 43 41 43 41 42 42 42 424 | 40} Length of anal base................. 24 244 254 254 24 264 234 254 | 25 Wenothyolspectotal sees esate sees 284 28 27 29 274 28 27 27 264 Number of dorsal rays.............. | v-1,8 |Iv-1,7| v-1,8 | 1v-1,8] v—1,7 | V—1,7 | IV-1,7] V-1,7 | V-1,7 Number of anal rays............... | ip A2it 122) 1B eat Wit 122 1,23 | 1,21 pain |h aga Scalesic, aeterctnn ntercsaee ea tanees | 42 43 43 42 44 42 43 41 42 112. Kirtlandia gilberti (Jordan & Bollman). Of this species we obtained nine specimens, which we have examined in con- nection with thirteen co-types collected at Panama by the “Albatross.” Only two of these have six dorsal spines, as described for the type; fifteen of them have 5; and five of them have 4. The origin of the first dorsal in the type is described as being at a point midway between the posterior margin of the head and the base of the caudal. We find that it varies from’this to a point half the diameter of the eye nearer to the occiput. The longest spine (probably owing to a slip of the pen) is alleged to be 4% in the head. This should read 3} to 34. The longest ray of . the soft dorsal exceeds the length of the snout by from one-fourth to one-half the diameter of the eye. The origin of the anal varies in position from a point midway between base of caudal and posterior base of pectoral (as described), to a point mid- way between base of caudal and middle of upper pectoral ray; the width at base is generally somewhat greater than ‘distance from tip of snout to base of pectorals.” The seales are crenate, but smooth to the touch. The dorsal and anal are scaleless. The edges of the lateral band are well defined, and a much darker streak com- poses its upper edge. It is widest under the dorsals, thence narrows on the caudal peduncle and widens at base of caudal fin. Its termination is rounded. GILBERT AND STARKS—FISHES OF PANAMA BAY og Measurements in Hundredths of Length without Caudal. Length without caudal, in mm...,| 103 105 TIO 103 98 103 97 93 95 I SIGE IG Le o Shae bc cad da cbas paca eD 22 21 22 mo | woh || a 21 21 204 Be othe scare certs score ccesscausearees 7 17 17 17 174 174 174 164 17 LAS SoM atari eee tay’: cite ee ecwec’ 6 6 oe 6 6 Origin of anal from caudal base..| 36 37 By) 38 40 38 38 38 38 Origin of first dorsal from caudal. | 44. 43 44 43 43 45 424 | 43 43 Benptbof pectoralie..5.c..ssese0: 19 183 18 19) |» 28 18 19 18 | 184 Weneth' of anal base...7.........05.- 19 20} 204 21 21 20 20 21 20 Number of dorsal spines............ Vv IV V Vv IV V IV Vv V Number of dorsal rays .............. 1,9 1,8 1,9 | 1,9 1,8 1,9 1,9 1,9 1,9 Number of anal rays: .........-..c-- | era ONTO e | ne2On NT 20) ir 20) | ra Ton | x20 Number, of Scaleses..cs2 ose se eee 51 49 49 50 50 5° 49 59° 5! Fin Formule of the Co- Types. orsall she racusgeceortokaeeare VI-I,9 V-I,9 IV-I,9 VI-1,9 V-I,9 ‘v- (broken) PATA Re ete Se case eater areca mee 1,20 I,20 I, 22 I, 22 (broken) IO Yoynse ll aac es ieee ener ees ae v—(broken ) v-1,8 IV-1,9 V-1,9 V-1,9 V-1,9 V-1,9 ENTE OA Soe eee Ran cent ae 1,20 I,20 1,20 1,21 1,20 1,20 1,19 II3. Atherinella panamensis Steindachner. PuateE IX, Fie. 17. A single specimen obtained, 13 em. in entire length. We add the following details to Dr Steindachner’s excellent description:— Head 4 in length; depth 45. Eye 3} in head; snout 33; interorbital width 22. The enlarged outer teeth of the upper jaw are in two series only in front of jaw, in one series laterally. Pectoral 2} in length. The insertion of the ventrals is nearer the tip of the lower jaw than the base of the caudal by half the length of the head. Family MUGILID. 114. Mugil cephalus Linneus. Taken by Gilbert at Panama in 1883 (Jordan, 1885, p. 371); not recorded by other observers. 115. Mugil thoburni Jordan & Starks. Recorded (as Mugil incilis) from Panama (Jordan & Gilbert, 1882 n, p. 624) and from Chiapam (Steindachner). The types of the species were collected by the “Albatross” at the Galapagos Islands. 60 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 116. Mugil curema Cuvier & Valenciennes. This species comes into the Panama markets in abundance. We have com- pared six specimens with others from the Atlantic and can distinguish no differences between them. Measurements tn Hundredths of Length without Caudal. Mocallittyaenenres sce | Panama. Jamaica. Key West. Length without caudal, ex- pressed inmm. | 205 212 240 250 192 190 || 201 231 145 118 230 Plead hea .pesecect: | 27 26 264 26 26 26 | 26 264 26 27 24 IDYefOdN soneear oo0006 25 24 26 22 25 25 26 26 27 27 26 Interorbital (bone | Only) Peeeeeeeeee 9 9h 10 9 9 94 || 10 10 oH 9 9 Insertion of ven- tral spine from SHNOWNE Ge sscoo cas t 40 38 40 39 40 40 40 394 394 39 38 Front of spinous dorsal from CMON scscagocG05 494 494 52 484 50h SI 494 52 50} 51 50 Tip of pectoral from snout..... || 463 | 44 45 444 | 45% | 47 45% | 45 45% | 473 | 43% Length of pec- torall eee tee ccss 19h 184 184 184 184 20 19 184 19h 21 19 Length of anteri- or dorsal rays || rr 1of | 114 rid 124 | 12 12 12 124 134 | 11 Length of anteri- or anal rays... 124 12 12 12 12 124 12} 20 Me eS I4 12 Number of dor- | sal spines and HAYS: Piasisteieisesise IV-I,8 | IV=1,7 | 1v—1,8 | tv—1,8 | 1v—1, 8 | 1v—1, 8 |] rv—1, 8 | 1v—1, 8 || 1v—1, 8 | rv—1, 8 | Iv—1, 8 Number of anal spinesandrays |} 111,9 | 11,9 | 11,9; 11,9 | 11,9; 1,9 || 11,9 111,9 || 111,9 | 11,9 | 11,9 Scales from above upper pectoral HEIN SRaanaoosAaDe: Somes 37 38 37 37 36 36 By 37 wW “I 117. Mugil hospes Jordan & Culver. Abundant at Panama. It is at once separated from JM. curema by the longer pectoral. We found the small crustacean nearly always present in the mouth of the Panama specimens, as it was in the type and co-types from Mazatlan. GILBERT AND STARKS—FISHES OF PANAMA BAY 61 Measurements in Fundredths of Length without Caudal. Mazatlan LL Gyez i A Gok Brae ey ere Se Panama. (TYPr.) Length without caudal, inmm. || 212 193 212 222 230 MGOn | i207 219 170 Head (without opercular flap) || 28 28 264 | 27 27 By 205 | 27 28 DEAN ee eec sh eee ea 26 27 234 | 244 | 224 | 24 245 | 23 23 Interorbital (bone)............... II ro} ro} 10 ie) 10} 10 fe) if) Insertion of ventral spine from SOULE eee ny tee Reeth, ees 41 42 39% | 41 39% | 40% | 41 403 392 Front of spinous dorsal from SDOUEEE eer an eer or eta San 514 | 53¢| 51 Ri || Gites || Be 5 Ru 50 Tip of pectoral from snout..... || 524 | 534] 51 514 | 514 | 524 | 525 | 52% 503 Wenpth\oipectoralic..4..-se.-- 234 | 254] 23 24 24 25 24 23% 23 Length of anterior dorsal rays.. || 12 13 r2h| 12h | 12h] 12h | 125] 12 123 Length of anterior anal rays... 124 13 12h 13 124 13 13 13 133 Number of dorsal rays and | y SINS eastern seen cece ran acres IV-1,8]| Iv—1,8] Iv—1,8| Iv—1,8] tv—1,8] 1v—1,8} Iv-1,8| 1v-1,8]} Iv-1,8 Number of anal raysand spines || 11,9 | 11,9 | 11,9 | UI,9 | 1,9 | 1,9 | Il,9 | 11,9 III,9 Scales mote ec satis ease: 37 Bi 38 36 37 38 36 36 38 118. Chenomugil proboscideus ((iinther). Probably not so common as farther north. Two large specimens and several small ones were collected, the latter found in rock-pools, in company with Querimana harengus. Measurements in Hundredths of Length without Caudal. sta ap RAM EER rein, Se culeetia Bao priaa Seseends'erewe eect 191 154 76 56 48 [RISE G eaoccoccinconde RAR OIG Gc ue ORES a ea en COE nee ee 26 274 28 29 30 IDES Oi cor cesaehnbeionicedeaShbara 606k ate nae dees OAH CASE RAa aS 29 31 34 32 31 TE eee apr eee eterts as tel eas Sos ee aE casera Ske sclacesticine vidoe 6 64 74 8 8 Insertion of first spine of spinous dorsal from snout 56 56 56 57 55 Insertion of first spine of soft dorsal from snout ..:.. 78 78 78 77 78 Insertion of anal spine from snout...................664- 75 75 70 73 72 MenoThnObepectorals i se ncs.c1ic-ceewustonaa cies tenes aeles 23 23 25 25 26 EGC LONOURVEN Etcille seetieetsua)- seeacetars Sok atantresecas tetera 15 16 18 18 18 Number of dorsal rays and spines..................-.++- Iv-1,8 | Iv—1,8 | Iv—1,8 | Iv-1,8 | Iv-1,8 Number of anal rays and spines................ 0.022006 III, 10 III, 10 III, 10 III, 10 III, 10 SiGIES CotectuSeanteedse oboe Lo toe e eC EEE ne eae eee eer 39 41 40 40 40 (9) November 12, 1903, 62 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES I1g. Querimana harengus ((iinther). This little mullet was taken in abundance in the rock-pools. There is con- siderable variation among the specimens, as the table of measurements will show. Nothing can be found, however, that would indicate more than one species among them. Out of fifty specimens examined, four were found with three anal spines. In each of these cases, a spine had replaced a ray, as only nine rays were present instead of the ten always found in two-spined examples. Measurements in Hundredths of Length without Caudal. Length in mm., without caudal... 47 AOMM) 45, alewas' 45 45 41 44 41 1 AUEETG (gaa Een ae ee | 30 324 | 32 31 31 29 28 32 28 DS potlvn serach sates steest eee aee | 28 30 29 30 29 26 26 27) 26 Bay Cr te sathaen sanoteenen aeeeee eects | 7 8 8 7 7 8 73 8 8 First dorsal from snout......... || 53 Sse SS 53 53 51 51 53 51 Second dorsal from snout......... | 75 76 75 76 76 74. 72 74 IP Insertion of ventral spine from SNOUL: acsnceseee eee nares 44 46 44 44 44 41 42 46 42 /aNiatel | KO} GOU SNOW e oosunonpsorecnacne 70 iB 73 | 71 | 71 68 70 Wes 69 Menechiompectoralereeeeeeeeeeteeree | 21 21 21 20$ | 20$ | 20 19 19 19 Wengthtotranalibaseter-ye eee | 16 144 15 15 16 15 16 15 15 Spines and rays of dorsals ........ Iv—I1, 8 IV-I,9| 1v-1, 8 IV-1, 8} 1V—1, 8] 1v—I, 8] 1v—I, 8 | Iv—1,8 | rv—1,8 Spines and rays of anal............. | 11, 10 | II, 10 | I, 10| 1,9 | 11,9 | M,10| M, 10] 1, 10| I, 10 SCalesh.s.cercases owen eaaeeaeees 36 | 36 | 38 | 37 36 38 38 37 37 Family SPHYRANIDZ. 120. Sphyrena ensis Jordan & Gilbert. Not uncommon in the market at Panama, where nine specimens were collected. These agree very well with the description given by Dr. Steindachner (18794, p. 4) under the name S. forsteri, he having confused it with that East Indian species. GILBERT AND STARKS—FISHES OF PANAMA BAY Measurements in Hundredths of Length without Caudal. 63 Length in mm., from tip of snout to base of CLUIGlal Rpm ee ae. raecac techtnts 293 298 305 Hieach Pamiptip Ob SAOUtS. <4... :.,,0050020¥ ces ohonb aces 32 314 | 314 PBC R eens COE eee) Sven Pn sais aecscctoe en deeme 144 13 13 (OVA iS nn Sod CORSE HOE GST CER Mr REE Mer eB or RACER. 54 54 5 Insertion ventral spine from tip of snout........... AI 40 40} SpMOusidorsal (OM. SMOUt ..--+ se sseseeee soso eeeeee 434 43 434 SOtdorsa bron suOut etree casiceedtnescees neces eA 9s 694 [Drayenilay toh Goeeteyell con cceoanadccoppeder-céra Berson toon: ne 13 124 OngestGansaleravacn rest aetea conus cee neater II 114 men Woneestvanall wayi-e.c.: eae tamara ese Merete ons 10} 10} 10 Number of dorsal rays and spines.................. V-1,8 | v—1,9 | V-1,9 Number of anal rays and spines..................++ 7 uinintsy |) Tugs) Nima betrotascaleSea cee nrpeaes--ricte tects. cencere 108 III 109 359 | 310 | 290 304 314 32 134 134 14 5 S| 55 39% | 403] 42 43 44 44 70 | 714 | 70} 13 124 13 114 II 114 104 10} 10} V-1,6 | V-1,9 11,8 11,8 11,8 108 109 I12 10} V-1,9 | V-1,9 11, 8 I1IO Family POLYNEMIDZ. 121. Polydactylus approximans (Lay & Bennett). Common but much less abundant than P. opercularis, and much less valuable than the latter as a food-fish. Measurements in Hundredths of Length without Caudal. Wika IIEN Si 8 os olmceseanacrancedokad boned ecOneo cece eee REE aes Spimous dorsal irony SNGUEnseeweee esse seeeoes ooeeenae Distance from front of spinous dorsal to soft dorsal. Metron bb OlmectOndlsn. vtactcwniss-creresiicene cs sles annie: Honcectidetachedstayisncts + case memcemencecsrseaase: Wontestydorsali Spine. 6: See... crm eoce caves sae aeweledensine x MEOH ES LCG Ea Mich V arta denies s Sais -cenwa dates no aeaas clceide: MD Ensaio ta cacame ase coc sastitaaslseltcies aelsrns aoe ad 2107 31 21 VIII-1,12 IIT, 14 60 193 32 19 VIII-I, 12 III, 14 61 I9I 32 30 14 45 Broken 2 VIII-I,12 Tine 60 VIII—I,12 1, 03 61 205 VIII-I, 12 III, 14 62 64 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 122. Polydactylus opercularis (Gill). Taken with hook and line in great abundance. It is eagerly sought after by the native population, by whom it is highly prized. It is one of the most important food-fishes, and on some days equals or exceeds in numbers all others combined. The type is described as having only eight free pectoral rays, but that was doubtless based on erroneous observation. Measurements in Hundredths of Length without Caudal. ILSaveqday iM Tvs s45neoApn anbadebsHonoDdoboocHbabe 280 280 290 242 205 178 1a ea | A Ne eee Girt en a ane ca 31 294 30 30 30 30 De potliey tera eee eS ees ce sb EEE aC 25 24 25 25 254 27 INCU AINE Va iar none Gea en EDL ame Saat ys sep, Sea aa ae, 18 174 174 7) 174 17% Spinous dorsal from snout.................66- 36 36 35 354 35 34% Distance from front of spinous dorsal to Soiticorsalleareea:ceeaserisie econ eeeerone 25 26 28 28 264 264 LSS Oi ACO Gyonss.n5asae cnscoacssadoences 21 20 21 203 22 22 Wongestidetachedmnciyeeseeereereseeteeeaeeeess 31 314 32 33% 32 35 Wongestid orsallsineseereeee neseseeee eee tenes 20 20 19} 20 205 Ae) ILreyarexaste Gloyeeeall S29 % onc roodoo oneae0 SoboaoeebEe 18 174 18 18 18 174 Dorsal tenes sph ae ee er ee ee ee VIII-I, 12 | VIII=-1,12 | VIII—1,12 | VIII—1,12 | VIII—1,12 | VIII—I,12 CATA AS PEPE ec ops tse tutes oe cise Gis deinen Ill, 13 Terie III, 13 III, 13 III, 13 III, 13 SCA esi a Peet eenea ee eee eee | 66 69 68 70 68 69 Family HOLOCENTRID. 123. Myripristis occidentalis Gill. Two specimens were taken among the islands in the bay. The species differ from J/. pecilopus more than has been previously indicated. The teeth are much larger, and the vomerine patch is lance-shaped rather than anchor-shaped. The anterior rays of the dorsal and anal are longer, making these fins more angulated and their posterior margins more nearly vertical. Scales thirty-nine or forty in the lateral line, somewhat smaller than indicated in the type description. The color of the back is of a clearer reddish brown, less slaty than in M. pecilopus, and with bluish reflections on each scale. The silver begins on the row of scales below the lateral line rather than above, and is richer in coppery and greenish reflections. The dorsal is lighter, and there are no dusky bands at base of caudal and below the lateral line, as in J/. pacilopus. The ventrals have lighter or GILBERT AND STARKS — FISHES OF PANAMA BAY 65 colorless tips. In one specimen the ventrals are immaculate, in the other a slightly dusky tinge is present. The three specimens of J. pecilopus have the tips of the ventrals darker, running from dusky to black. There is a dark pigment spot above pupil in J. occidentalis, which is absent or very slightly dusky in JZ. pecilopus. Measurements in Hundredths of Length without Caudal. Length without caudal in mm... 45 46 Plead hay eee ee neesccace 35 35 DE pile cae sacs eet needa 37 36 FOV Gy. Seat actensacice han cater amnenac dae 25 15 SOUL ease one dersom eeeserseereasese 7h 7 Menetavon pectoral eens eres | 22 24 enethrot ventraliecss-sesceenc. 22 23 Height of soft dorsal.............. | 18 16 leis hteolianall sss caresseeeene | 18 16 Benathrolcaudalesenera-nseacs | 24 24 Number of dorsal rays............ | X-I, 14] X=I, 14 Number of anal rays.............. | Dy WA | IAA ae Scallesisass SiccaennaGste ee eneaas see 3-40-7 | 3-39-7 124. Myripristis pecilopus ((ill). Three specimens taken. Very small villiform teeth on jaws, vomer, and palatines; the palatine patches very long and narrow, the vomerine patch anchor-shaped, its length about three times its width across lateral arms. The median backwardly extending limb is narrow and pointed. Color of back slaty brown, passing into bright, iridescent silvery at the upper part of the band of scales which bears the lateral line. Upper end of opercle with bluish reflections. Directly below the lateral line is a narrow, straight, dusky streak, commencing three or four scales from gill-opening and ending a little behind tip of pectoral. Tips of ventrals varying from slightly dusky to black. Base of caudal with a dusky band. Spinous dorsal dark or nearly black. Other fins colorless. 66 Measurements in Hundredths of Length without Caudal. CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCEENCES Length without caudal in mm... 50 44 les Kee nee eirt cians deeiceteactitiarionons 34 354 Depth’: <5) eeemesecees sachet 35 2a) 1D) fo ee sae en acca sca boneeLeEtaseodees 14 15 Snouty.ccokc sae 7+ 8 Wengthvot jpectoralles,.-ceeeeeeeeee 20 21 Lengthiot ventrals#..-s:-eeeees 20 20 leicht of sottadorsall: sass 15 15 leicht of atiall aeeeeeeeeeereeee eee 15 15 eng throiicandalltasce ener 22 23 Number of dorsal rays........... X-I,14 | X-1,14 Number of anal rays.............. TiVee2 |View SGalest te arses denen See eee 3-35-7 | 3-35-7 Taken in abundance in the rock-pools. differ from the description of the type. 45 25) ZS X-I, 14 IV, I2 Sol 125. MHolocentrus suborbitalis (Gill. Our specimens do not materially The statement that ‘‘the tail behind the vertical fins nearly equals a ninth of the total length” should doubtless read “the height of the caudal peduncle behind the vertical fins nearly equals a ninth of the total length.” The length of the tail behind the vertical fins is about 84 in the total length. Measurem Maxallainynceateuta-checee teraeso: Preopercular spine............-.-- dihirdyanalls pines eseeeae eee: Third dorsal spine................ Base of soft dorsal................ ents tn FHlundredths of Length without Caudal. Jose 153 145 150 112 seetndss 32 32 32 32 silo sass 37 37 38 38 SHbdetunce it 12 Tit 12 Nemesaaes 13 13 124 13 aes 84 8h 8 7 goon sean he 19 17 19} 21 Scie aes 1 17 18} 19 coop Aaindo 134 144 14 13 itseeceotes 22 23 24 25 Jexeus dedies 21 22 24 24 oot cette XI-13 | XI-14 | XI-14 | XI-14 Ree Re IV, 9 IC) || 1%, 8) || 1 o aodadaee 39 38 38 38 110 31 37 12 13 XI-14 IV, 9 37 25 XI-14 Iv, 9 37 spine is measured along its upper edge from its angle with preopercle. 1In this table, the head is measured to the angle formed by largest opercular spine and edge of subopercle. The preopercular GILBERT AND STARKS— FISHES OF PANAMA BAY 67 Family MULLIDE. 126. Upeneus grandisquamis (ill. Several specimens collected in the Panama market. This large series enables us to add the following range of variations to the original description: Head 3} to 34 in length without caudal; depth 3 to 32. Eye 4) to 5 in head; snout 2 to 24. The fin counts in our eleven specimens are constantly VIII-I, 8 for the dorsal, and I, 6 for the anal. The third dorsal spine is longer than the fourth, but does not project beyond it. Sometimes it does not reach its tip. Dr. Gill’s measurement of the length of the spinous dorsal fin includes the ‘membrane which connects the last spine to the body. As most specimens have this membrane broken, we have considered the base of the fin to extend to the base of the last spine. The base of the first dorsal equals or sometimes slightly exceeds the interval between the dorsals, the latter equaling or sometimes slightly exceeding the base of the second dorsal. The interval between the dorsals contains 4 scales along the median line. The following color description was taken from a fresh specimen: Red above, silvery below; 2 silvery streaks along the sides anteriorly, follow the rows of seales above and below the lateral line, and are continued forward on the head to a point behind the eye. Other silvery streaks follow the rows of scales, but are much less conspicuous. Dorsal and caudal deep orange-red with wide translucent margins. Measurements in Flundredths of Length without Caudal. Length without caudal, in mm.. 160 | 154 145 142 121 PGA so. ase eosaseeneeciwensueastesreas 32 30 31 294 30 Wrerthietres. da tetcesy caceh ents 32 29 29 29 30 SHG ites aarecenenenarsedecancncaaneode 15 14 14 T4 14 | Sy@saaoedaa corebeoscontiecoa sans poaeas 7 64 7 64 74 Length of 3d dorsal spine. ...... 21 21 20 19} 19 Length of pectoral. ............... 25 234 25 23 24 Height of second dorsal.......... 12 124 13 13 is Spinous dorsal from snout....... 40 384 39 | 38 38 Front of first dorsal to front otesecond! dorsalec...) ce--ces- 29 30 28 29 284 Number of gill-rakers............ 6-+-11 6-11 6-+11 6-12 6--11 Number of dorsal rays .......... VilI-1, 8 | vi1I—1,8 | vi1I—1,8 | vitI-1,8 | vitI—-1,8 Number of anal rays.............. 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 Scales emer osee eee csc uicsonahces 2—30—5 | 2—30-5 | 2-31—5 | 2-31—5 | 2-30—5 68 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Family SCOMBRID. 127. Sarda chilensis Cuvier & Valenciennes. Abundant in the market for two or three days, but not again seen. We preserved one specimen, 46 em. in length. Eighteen gill-rakers are attributed to the horizontal limb of the anterior branchial arch by Jordan & Evermann, 1896, p. 872. They also describe the maxil- lary as not reaching the eye. In ourspecimen there are but nine gill-rakers including one rudiment; and the maxillary extends to below the posterior border of the eye. 128. Scomberomorus sierra Jordan & Starks. This species is brought into the market daily, and is one of the most important food fishes. We preserved six specimens. If it is distinct from its East Coast relative, S. maculatus, it is separated by only slight characters, and a large series from both shores will have to be compared accurately to define the species. The chief character that has been alleged to sep- arate the two is the more backward position of the dorsal in 8. sierra. Our material shows this character to be valueless. We have but three specimens of S. maculatus. From these, S. sierra seems to differ in being a little more slender, and in having the spots rounder and more numerous below the lateral line. As the appended table indicates, the size of the head and eye may average smaller, the number of dorsal rays less, and the number of gill-rakers more. 8S. sierra has 3 or 4 rows of spots below the lateral line, while S. maculatus has but two, or at the most, the beginning of a third. We do not admit to our list S. concolor, recorded without comment from the Gulf of Panama, by Boulenger, 1899, p. 5. Aside from this record, S. concolor has been known only from Monterey Bay, California. 69 GILBERT AND STARKS—FISHES OF PANAMA BAY 6-+¢ r1-+¢ o1-+z r1+¢ o1--b 11+? r++ r1-+¢ z1-Le zi-+te oe srayer qs jo Joquinyy XI-QI-II_ | XI-GI-I1 | XI-g1-11 | m1A—S1-41 | wIA-gI-1 | w1A—gt—-11 | xt—-g1—-11 | x1-S1—11 | xt—S1—11 | x1-S1-11 lpm jeue jo roquinyy XI-LT-IIAX} TIA-L1-¢ |XI-QI-IAX MTA-LI-1TAX|XI-9I-IITAX |ITTA-9I-1TAX|XI-L 1 -IIAX XI-9I-IIAX|XT-Q1-I1AX XI-QI-I1IAX ie sAei [esiop Jo Joquinyy 36 , LE gz gz gz Ne gz EG Bz | [epneo jo yisueT ap 7 of II ZI II ZI $11 ZI uayo1g ernest jeue Jo qysopy uayoig uayoig | uexo1g II $1 ex er ZI ZI zi “-pesiop YOs Jo yYySazy e1 $er F1 $e1 tI ae v1 VI PI FOI | pees ‘Tesoyoad jo cae AS; LS 9s gs ELS LS LS 09 49S LS | yeue 0} nous es rs 2S cs es bs +S aig +S foo “"Tes10p puodas 0} nous Lz foz foz foz gz §Sz gz Lz $9z gz | “gona ‘[esIOp 4S1y 0} JnouS $1 €1 €1 ZI 4z1 ZI ZI ZI eal $z1 | sors ATRTIXETA Sb Bb $ $ $ i $ e $ % IT hosottuiseina ao apoboos houue 1410 ae fez ze ¢g1 61 oz oz $02 oz Felines irs pee aan c cae e qideq tz Sez ez Rez zz ze Ze ez ae || pronsonobodbecenccepcrecee pray Sg Soz Cgc Zgc oSe Sof Sze Sof Sof Lot ve ‘yepneo noyW ySusT ppisopy Duties y ae Libs nea roa Bate ‘Ayqe007] SALVINOVW ‘Ss VUNFIS SANOWOUAIWODS Hseeoeane TORO aD satoads ‘7epnvny jnoyjumn ypsua] fo syjpaapunpy ur syuaumednsvazy November 13, 1903. (10) 70 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Family TRICHIURIDZ. 129. Trichiurus lepturus Linneus. Recorded from Panama by Jordan and Bollman, 1889, p. 180. Family NEMATISTIID. 130. Nematistius pectoralis Gill. Probably rare as far south as Panama; only three or four seen. The following measurements are from a specimen 30 em. in length. Head 32 in length; depth 34. Eye 5 in head; snout 3§; maxillary 2,4; interorbital (bone) 32. Dorsal VIII-I, 26; anal I, 16. Gill-rakers 3+-9, the longest two-thirds the diameter of the eye. Family CARANGIDZ. 131. Oligoplites saurus (Bloch & Schneider). Not uncommon in the market, though much less abundant than O. mundus. The top of head and nape are smooth and without conspicuous pores in saurus and there is no membrane connecting the anterior branchiostegal rays of the two sides. Our material shows that no reliable character can be drawn from the com- parative size of the lowest suborbital bone and the next above. In saurus the lowest suborbital seems constantly narrower than the one above it, but they vary greatly in size, sometimes differing on opposite sides of the same specimen. Larger specimens have proportionately deeper bodies, so this character also must be used with caution. We have compared our material with specimens from the Atlantic, and can appreciate no difference whatever. a1 GILBERT AND STARKS—FISHES OF PANAMA BAY cr tI TI at vi ST Fi tr SI ua' FI ti tI bi PI ||"yore joapsue mojaq siayes-[]15 S b bt b v S ¢ ¢ S ¢ ¢ S 4 b S ‘yore Joapsue avoqe s1ayes-qiy O@*I-II | 02 ‘T-1I | O “I-II | OZ ‘I-11 | OZ ‘I-11 | OZ ‘I-11 oz ‘1-11] oz ‘I-11 oz ‘I-11 |g ‘I-11 | 61 “I-11 | Oz ‘I-11 Oz I-11 Oz “I-11 Og Teil sae ons ““sKer [Bue Jo Joquiny OZ “I-Al| 02 ‘I-A | OZ ‘I-A | 02 ‘I-A |61 ‘I-1A| 02 ‘I-A loz ‘I-A loz ‘I-At| Oz I-A loz ‘I-rA| 02 “I-A |oz ‘I-Ar Oz ‘I-A Oe -AMOG TST ssa al ske1 [esiop jo Jaquiny ze) ; £6 46 6 46 OI for for 6 OI fone OI £6 46 £6 Solaris iclete Cis sioe ie jeue jo JYSIopy mae hs air Goi | sete |) dinar eb |For II ay yf Seite pS ZI Hie elf iG = SL Ea. | nPoRaee ae scrncco: [eSIop Jo JY SsIOFY ek terra zz IZ Iz €z zz €z £z ara Go \\\ tes Zz 1 | fase ERC c [epnes jo ysueT or | $¢r €1 ECT €1 t1 Ebr eer +1 t1 £01 401 £1 ECT EAS al |Pecoegpdecv oo. [e1ojsed jo yySuaTy oS | $16 of 1S 6b gr 1S 6h | $6b oS oS 6r 6r o§ jh Teme || ee ves = ene or [eur 0} jnouS 6> 1S 6b z 6b gb oS 61 6b oS 6P 6b 6b 6b Or eee eo [esi1op Jos 0} nous zI fait II ZI G11 II II fo1 II II II II II fo1 for | a49 Jourszeur JoL1a3sod 0} jnoug el eral Cilla ee cal er || ter eit |) Faen git |) Sara eit | en ZI ZI ZI cies nase a ince sa “ATVT[IXL]A ¢ c Sp tb ep c Sp a ¢ ap ab & Sb ep Fp |[evreeeeteseeeesses cesseceeeneeees akg gz | $Lz Lz | Foz gz Lz of | #6c | $62 | #08 le | $lz Ug 1s Hera Nissi © 1) SaeboncaeGeae: x oCncpaigeaaG Ken: yidaq op oe ae ez zz | S1z a ee z zz | S12 ae ce Fee || oabeBipodeore a 3250 sohae susbeboss pear gor | voz | zoz| zér LLi (ata Cow Bee ll ceeul Smeal) ere ||) ene ||| "Goc coz | O07 |\*WUI UI [epned noyUA YISsuIT “xan DPLAO] sf nowunf ae nung doniooecousdecenctaosd sous Aqyr007J ‘TOpNw) jnoyjum ypSuaT fo syjpaspunpy ur squaumaansvgpy 72 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 132. Oligoplites altus ((iinther). PuaTE XI, Fic. 20. One specimen taken in the Panama market. Head 44 in length without caudal; depth 34. Eye 44 in head; snout 33; maxillary 13. he interorbital width equals the diameter of the eye. Dorsal V-I, 19; anal II-I, 20. Body moderately deep, as in specimens of O. sawrus of equal size; contour very slightly angulated at front of soft dorsal and anal. Mouth large, the maxillary reaching slightly past eye. The bands of teeth on jaws are wider than in either O. sawrus or O. mundus, and differ from them in having the outer row of the lower jaw composed of slender movable teeth which are more or less in contact and project above the other teeth. They are bluntly rounded as viewed from the side, but are laterally compressed to a sharp cutting edge. The width of the mandibular band of teeth anteriorly is about a fourth of the diameter of the eye or one-fourth wider than maxillary near the posterior end. The premaxillary band is somewhat narrower. The patch of vomerine teeth is rounded in front and acutely pointed behind; its length about half the diameter of the eye, its width about two-thirds of its length. The palatine patches are about half as wide as the vomerine patch. Gill-rakers moderately slender, their length about two-thirds eye. Top of head and nape with pores, as in O. mundus. Anterior branchiostegal rays connected across isthmus by a thin transparent membrane. The anterior rays of dorsal are a little longer than those of anal. The last rays of dorsal and anal are produced; those of anal a little longer, barely reaching to the short anterior caudal rays. Pectoral about 12 in head; its tip reaching slightly past tips of ventrals. Origin of ventrals nearer front of anal (behind detached spines) than tip of lower jaw by about half eye. Caudal lobes subequal. Color not unlike O. mandus. Back slaty-brownish, lower parts and sides silvery. Top of head to tip of snout dark; tip of mandible black. Pectoral fin dusky on inner face, growing darker or black at base. Dorsal and caudal dusky, median rays of caudal darker at tips. Ventral and anal white. This species differs from O. mundus in having a smaller mouth, a more slender body, and in the character of the teeth in the lower jaw. Dr. G. A. Boulenger has kindly re-examined for us the type of O. a/tus in the British Museum, and informs us that the top of the head is densely beset with pores, and the anterior branchioste- gal rays of the two sides are joined by membrane. There can be no question, there- fore, as to the correct identification of our specimen. GILBERT AND STARKS— FISHES OF PANAMA BAY 73 Measurements in Hundredths of Length without Caudal. Length without caudal in mm............. 225 1 Cero Reece ery: Gum ag eer er BAe cet 23 Depthr...s23 cay tmeccsewctetyteese eaese 30 13h ape eae ease po Obrcbico ta eRe packet aacconOcn 5 Vac anny aereceinne tse sete atesesie ss eestor cr 14 * Snout to posterior margin of eye......... | 114 Snout towsoit dorsale.n..:-ssaseeee areeeeeare 49 Snouttomunsteanall raysor sesso. s-ceseeesece 50 Wen othnoimpectoralltreemecesterctceseme esa 16 Men gthwoixcaticdal le seeews-cee-e a seen esse: 27 ongestdorsaleraiyeecee: eaeeeecssesenese-e 12} ougesivanalenayercnseas ceeeccesee ces 10} INumberoridorsall rays: ..cer-s-c22-cedse- | V=I,19 Number ofranallrays.-e-s-c-4--ssse0 esa: II-I, 20 Numbersotodll=nalcensins-eseesercees ee ero se 4-10 133. Oligoplites refulgens sp. noy. Puate XI, Fie. 19. Head 43 in body without caudal; depth 44. . Eye 44 in head; maxillary 2{; snout 3}. Inter- orbital width little exceeding diameter of eye. Dorsal V-I, 20; anal II-I, 19. Body more elongate than in other members of the genus; the ventral and dorsal outlines similar and symmetrical, without angles at origin of dorsal and anal fins. Head pointed; its greatest width 21 in its length; its depth at point of occipital crest a little anterior to edge of opercle, 14 in its length. Mouth comparatively small; its outline curved upward anteriorly and downward posteriorly; lower jaw slightly the longer; maxillary scarcely reaching to below middle of eye. Teeth on jaws in narrow bands which are scarcely as wide as exposed portion of maxillary anteriorly. Bands on vomer and palatines wide, that on vomer about 1% as long as it is wide, its greatest width in its anterior third or fourth; palatine bands at least twice as wide as those on jaws. Tongue with minutely granular patches. Head entirely scaleless. Scales on body about as in the most conspicuously scaled examples of O. saurus. Top of head and nape smooth as in O. sawrus, without the conspicuous pores of O. mundus and O. altus. Insertion of ventrals about midway between base of first anal spine and the vertical from anterior orbital rim; their tips reaching over half way to second anal spine. Pectoral extending to tips of ventrals. Longest anterior dorsal ray a little longer than longest anal ray. Last ray of dorsal and anal elongate, that of the anal the longer, reaching rudimentary caudal rays. Caudal rather short, the lobes equal; its longest ray 14 in head. Sides bright silvery; top of head and snout nearly black; extreme tip of lower jaw black. Two very dark brown or blackish bands run parallel along the back and upper part of sides; the 74 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES lower sharply defined below by the silvery of the sides, passing gradually above into dusky silvery. The upper band is uniform in color and joins its fellow of the opposite side, forming a well defined median band on back as viewed from above. Dorsal spines and anterior part of soft dorsal blackish; anal slightly dusky anteriorly, its spines white. Ventrals white; pectoral dusky on inner face, growing darker towards base. Upper and lower edges of caudal dusky; the upper the darker. A single specimen, 22 em. in entire length, was taken in the Panama market. Measurements in Hundredths of Length without Caudal. Wength without caudally assess. sees 203 3 | (0 | eeree eiaamerccnossGaacsur Atoemesucsceue es 214 Depth. «ikea. dens cacesease@eesee aes ronscasaeenee 22 1 Dy ee Ra ee et rte Shr ca inn eecee Gc nan anccoe 5 Maxillary.) sscncosoateence -masvonmecceenc at 94 Snout to posterior edge of eye............ II Snoutstolsoit dorsally ss sees eee 49 Snouttovanal sc2 ecsseacasekecsercat aeteee 51 engthyot pectoralaes esse see ee eEereateee r2+ eng thvotscaticall Re apease esse nee saree eer 18 Length of longest anterior dorsal ray....| 84 Length of longest anterior anal ray...... 7 INumberoticorsalltrays:sssnsssseeeseeeeeo V-I, 20 Number otvanalirays)-seseseeen -eeese reece | II-I, 19 INumbemottoulletalkens esse sekeseeeaeee eee 6-+17 134. Oligoplites mundus Jordan & Starks. In the Panama market this species is more abundant than any other of the genus. O. mundus resembles O. altus, and differs from that division of the genus to which O. saurus and O. refulgens belong in having the top of its head and nape closely covered with pores, which open into short canals ramifying beneath the skin. In a large specimen from Mazatlan, about 16 inches in length, these pores and canals are very conspicuous and extend posteriorly in a patch on side of back to a point above the anterior third of the pectoral fin. 0. mundus and O. altus have also the anterior branchiostegals connected across the isthmus by a thin, but tough trans- parent membrane. The bands of teeth on the jaws are wider, the body is deeper, and the caudal is longer. GILBERT AND STARKS— FISHES OF PANAMA BAY (K3) Measurements in Hundredths of Length without Caudal. ‘ ~ Algodones” Mazat- WMoealitypyser scot hesie ees osees. fasten cotewdts Panama Lagoon, | lan, Mex. | Mex. Length without caudal in mm............. 198 210 205 208 174 209 I5! 385 PCAC eres erence Gee set architec