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TH CAROLINA SIAIE "NIVERSIIV LIBRARIES

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4^7562

This book must not be taken
from the Library building

EXCEPT WITH THE SPECIAL PERMISSION
OF THE LIBRARIAN

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lOM

FLOM AUSTRALIENSIS.

FLORA AUSTRALIENSIS:

A DESCRIPTION

PLANTS OF THE AUSTMLIAN TERRITORY.

BT

GEORGE BENTHAM, F.R.S., P.L.S.,

ASSISTED BT

FERDINAND MUELLER, M.D., F.R.S. & L.S.,

GOVERNMENT BOTANIST, MBLBOUENE TICTOEIA.

VOL. I.
SANUNCULACi:^ TO ANACARDIACE^.

PUBLISHED UNDER THE AUTHORITY OP THE SEVERAL GOVERIirMENTS
OF THE AUSTRALIAN COLONIES.

LONDON :

LOYELL REEVE akd CO., 5, HENEIETTA STREET, COYENT GAEDEN.

1863.

Disc. '58

1 2, b 4^ 4 ^^

JOHN EDWARD TAYLOR, PRINTEE,
LITTLB aCEEir StBEET, LINC0LN'S INN FIELDS.

SIR WILLIAM JACKSON IIOOKER, K.H.,

D.C.L. OxoN., F.K.S., ETC. etc,

DIRECTOR OF THE ROYAL GARDENS, KEW,

TO WHOSE UNCEASING EXEKTIONS IN THE CAUSE OF SCIENCE

IT IS MAINLY DUE THAT

THE PREPAEATION OP A SEEIES OP COLONIAL PLORAS

HAS BEEN SANCTIONED,

WHOSE LIBEEALITY IN OPENING TO THE USE OF BOTANISTS THE EXTENSIVE

HEEBAEIUM AND LIBEAEY HE HAS COLLECTED,

HAS CONTEIBUTED SO ESSENTIALLY TO THE WOEKING THEM UP, AND

TO WHOM THE AUTHOR FEELS ESPECIALLT INDEBTED FOR THE

MOST FRIENDLY AND CONSTANT ENCOURAGEMENT AND ASSISTANCE

DUEING FOETY YEAES OF HIS BOTANICAL CAEEEE,

STfjfg TOorit 10 ©etJicateti

AS
A TOKEN OF THE SINCEEEST ATTACHMENT AND EESPECT.

PREFACE.

PoE a general view of tlie progress of botanical discovery in Australia,
and an enumeration of tbe Botanists, Navigators, Travellers, Collectors,
or Eesidents wbo bave supplied tbe materials for describing its Flora,
or bave publisbed more or less of tbeir descriptious, I must for tbe pre-
sent refer to tbe valuable Essay on tbe Flora of Australia, prefixed by
Dr. J. D. Hooker to bis ' Flora of Tasmania.' Sbould life be spared
to me to bring tbe present work to a conclusion, I purpose, witb tbe
last volume, to give a sketcb of tbe labours of all tbose wbo, to my
knowledge, bave coutributed to tbe investigation of tbe vegetation of
Australia. But, in tbe meantime, I would mention in a few words, tbe
principal sources from wbicb I am now enabled to draw materials for
tbe present Flora.

Tbe cbief foundation of tbe work may be said to be tbe vast berba-
rium of Sir Willtam J. Hooker, witb a fevv suialler collections under
bis cluirge at Kew. I need not here repeat tbe detail of tlie ricb stores
of Australian pbints it coutains, enumerated in Dr. Hooker's Essay, but
I caunot forbear tbus early expressing my acknowledgment of tbe libe-
rality of tlie arrangements sauctioned by Sir William for the admissiou
of botanists to these collectious, for wbich he has made so many sacri-
fices, and araongst whicb I have been enabied to work as if they were my
own, with tbe free use of one of the most extensive practical botanical
libraries. Here also I have had tlie benefit of continual friendly assist-
ance from De. J. D. Hookee, Assistant Director of theEoyal Gardens,
and from Peofessoe D. Olivee, Librarian, wbo have invariably allowed
me to consult tliem upon all points of difficulty whicb bave arisen ; from
Me. A. Black, tbe intelligent and zealous Curator, wbose aetivity,
combined with a very great knowledge of plants, has brought tbe herba-
rium into such a state of order that few of the additions wbich are con-
tinually arriviug remain many montbs witbout being laid into tbeir

8* PREFACE.

places ; and from Mr. W. HE^rsLEY, a young but able assistant, who
lias carefully checked my proofs with the herbarium as they have issued
from the priiiter's hands. The value of this herbarium for a work like
the present, is also greatly increased by the notes and determinations it
contains from the hamls of various botanists who have worked iu it, and
especially of Dr. Planchon^, who had examined and corrected the de-
termination of a large portion of the specimens it contained during
several years that he had the charge of it. But the iraportance of this
herbariuin, will be best appreciated by the consideration that it contains
specimeus of almost every species described in the preseut work.* The
very few exeeptions will be found to be specially noted by a refereuce to
the herbarium in which I have seeu them, giveu iu a parenthesis after
the habitat, or by an indicatiou of the sources wheuce the description
has been derived.

To my friend Mr. J. J. Bennett, the Head of the Botanical Depart-
ment of the British Museum, I am indebted for the important aud
esseutial aid derived from the iuspectiou of the Australiau lierbarium
of the late Eobert Brown. This extraordiiiary collection, tlie maiu
foundation of our knowledge of Australian veofetation, would be alone
suffieient to show the j^owers of observation, the sagacity, the zeal, and
industry of that emiueut man, dwelt upon by Dr. Hooker, in the above-
meutioued Essay. He seems duriug his short visits ofteu almost to have
exhausted the Flora of the points he touehed at ; his specimens are ga-
thered with great judgment, aud there still remain in his herbarium, in
most cases, several of each species iu an excellent state of preservation,
aud detailed descriptive notes on them all were made at the time. These
specimens, now the property of Mr. Beunett, have been kindly brought
by him successively to the British Museura for my use, where I have
also beeu allowed to consult Mr. Browu's notea. Two or three small
parcels have beeu uufortunately mislaid, but of those I have in some
cases found specimens iu a duplicate set laid out for the Banksian her-
barium.

In the Banksian herbarium I have verified several species of which
the types are tliere deposited, aud iuspected several of the original spe-
cimens of Banks and Solander, of wliich some, gathered above ninety
years back, have never yet been published. Whilst at the Britiah Mu-
seum,Ishould also gladly liave availed myself of the vakiable Australian
coUeetions there hoarded, — aud certainly nothing can exceed the obliging

* AU thc specinicus examined for the prcseut work (often vcry uumerous) are niarkcd
in the Ilookcriau licrbarium iu red iuk.

PRKFACE. 9*

readlness with whicli Mr. Bennett gives every assistance to those who
come to visit the Botanical Department, and to myself in particular, —
but the system now so long pursued by the managing trustees is one
which interferes much with the use of those collections which, like Her-
baria, are made for the purposes of science, not for the public gaze. It
would appear as if the whole object were to accumulate stores, without
caring to make them available for use. The rich herbaria collected
at the public expense by the late A. Cunningham in his various expedi-
tions under Captain King and others, by the Officers of the ' Beagle' un-
der Captain "Wickham and Captain Stokes, and many others either pre-
sented to the Museum or purchased out of the annual grants, have beeu
stored away, many of them from a quarter to half a ceutury, unarranged
iu their original parcels, without any thought of providing the staff and
funds necessary to render them of use to scientific botanists. No svs-
tem of separating duplicates for making exchanges has, I believe, been
adopted. And for those who wish to work in the Botanical Department,
notwithstanding the readiness of the officers to afford them every assist-
ance, the want of a practical botauical library in the department, the
regulations preventiug the use of any apparatus for heating water, and
the defective construction of the room as to light, are serious drawbacks.

With regard to the late A. Cunningham's plants, however, — a collec-
tion second only to R. Brown's iu t!ie influence it has had, by its variety
and extent, on our knowledge of Australian Botany, — I have, I believe,
been able to exaraine the whole of them. Besides the nearly complete
set deposited in the Hookerian herbarium, Me. R. Heward, to whom
Mr. Cunningham's private herbarium, containing the set he had reserved
for himself, had been left, on hearing that I was engaged in the prepa-
ration of the present work, most generously presented the wliole of his
plauts to the Kew herbarium, in order that I might there have the free
use of them.

Another herbarium of which I have always had the free use, is that
of my friend Dr. Lindlet, who, for the last thirty-five years, has ever
been ready to afford me every assistance in my botanical works. I had
already received from him, at the time, nearly complete sets of the
plants of the hite Sib, William Mitcuell's various expeditions ; and
I have now examined, in Dr. Lindley's own herbarium, the very few
types of these or of other Australian plants published by him, which
may have been wanting in the Hookerian herbarium or in my own, now
part of the national collectiou at Kew.

I have found in the herbarium of the late Sir James E. Smitii, now

10* PREFACE.

the property of the Linnean Society, the types of the Australiau species
described by bim, cbiefly in Rees's Cyclopaedia.

AVith tbe few Australiau species described from the herbarium of the
late A. B. Lawbert, I have had much difiiculty. At his death the pre-
paratiou of his collections for sale was so ill-managed, that it is very diffi-
cult to ascertain where any particular portions of it may now be deposited.
A few have fouud their way to the Kew berbaria, many were purchased
for Berliu and St. Petersburg, and other distant Continental towns;
some were, I believe, bought by the British Museum, and are still lying
among their uuarranged collectious ; and some others, but, as I under-
derstand, not the Australian portion, are in the Fielding herbarium at
Oxford. I have, therefore, in most iustauces been obliged to rely chiefly
on circumstnntial evidence for the ideutification of such of these plants
as are only known by the brief diaguoses of G. Don aud othera.

Of the important and extensive AVest Australian collections of Mr.
James Drummond I have had for examination complete sets of excel-
lent specimens in the Kew herbaria, and in the majority of instauces I
have seen tliem in difterent sets so as to check tlie one with the other.
I have thus beeu enabled to identify nearly the whole of the species
published by Turczaninoav iu the ' Bulletin de la Societe Imperiale des
Naturalistes de Moscou.' As these collections are very generally distri-
buted, I have quoted the numbers attached to the specimens where I could
do it with any certainty. Unfortunately there is much coufusion in some
of these numbers, Mr. Drummond having recommenced a fresh series
with each ot the five coUectious lie sent over, besides one or two supple-
mentary sets. The first collection, of wliich many were published by
Lindley and others, were not originally numbered, but numbers were
afterwards added in a few additional sets sent home. In tlie Hookeriau
herbarium, owing to the belief at tlie time that these numbers were not
certaiu enough for quotation, they were often not preserved ; in most
instances wliere they are kept there is uo indication of which series
they belong to, and in other herbaria I have often found them referred
to a wrong series. These numbers caunot therefore be relied on abso-
lutely for identification without checkiug them by descriptions.

To Dr. O. W. Sonder, of Hamburg, Dr. Harvey's able collaborator
in the ' Fiora Capensis,' I have to ofter my best thanks for the libe-
rality with which he transmits to me for examination the whole of his
Australian herbarium, — an invaluable aid, inasmuch as it comprises a
nearly complete series of typical specimens of the Plant.e Preissian.e.
As mauy portions of that rich collectiou were confided for publication

PKEFACE. 11*

to sucli botanists as the late Dr. Steudel, it would have been impos-
sible to identify them without such an inspection of authentic speci-
meas. This herbarium contains also several authentic specimens of
Labillardiere and some other rrench botanists, and often also sevei'al
of the phmts sent over by Dr. F. Mueller, of which he himseif had kept
fragments only or nothing at all. I find also specimens authentically
named by Steetz, Bartling, Schlechtendal, and other German botanists.

Thauks to the liberality with which the late P. B. Webb distributed
his duplicates, I liave seen in various herbaria the majority of Labil-
laediere's plants ; but as there were several others, described in the
first volurje of De Cando]le's ' Prodromus ' and otlier works, from the
herbarium ot the Jardiu des Plantes, about which I had some doubts, I
paid a visit, in January last, to Paris, where I met, as usufil, with every
attention on the part of the geutlemen connected with the eatablishment.
I there verified tliese doubtful species up to the end of Rutacea^, which
I had then completed, and since then, my friend M. A. Brokgniaet, as
the head of the botanical department of the museum, has most obli-
gingly transmitted to me notes aud fiowers for examiuation of a few
species belonging to the subsequent Orders.

AVith regard to the originals of the species described in Baeon
Huegel's ' Enumeratio Plantarum ' and other works, published at
Vieuna, I was enabled to bring over with me specimens of several,
especially of those which I had myself describ.d, and I have identified
many others by means of specimens compared with the Vienna types.
Those published from F. Bauee's collections occur necessarily also in
R. Brown's herbarium ; aud when I have had auy doubts as to any of
the remaining ones, they have been cleared up by full notes connuuui-
cated to me by my frieud Dr. Fenzl, Director of the Imperial Garden
and Herbarium.

There remains for me to mention the very essential assistance received
from the distinguished Government Botanist of Victoria, Dr. Ferdi-
NAND Mueller. His extensive journeys and important labours during
the first ten years ot his resideuce in Australia, have been adverted to
by Dr. Hooker in the above-mentioned Essay. Since that time, his
botanical explorations have been chiefly in the Victorian mountains and
in the neighbourhood of Twofold Bay and Cape Otway, whilst his zeal,
talent, and indefatigable industry have been still more fully exemplified
in the various publicatious which have issued from the Melbourne press,
JSTot to luention minor papers or reports ou expeditions, we have a first
volume of an elaborate illustrated quarto Flora of Victoria, under the title

13* PREFACR.

of ' Tlie Plants indigenous to the Colony of Yictoria,' and three octavo
voluraes, all but complete, of * Fragmenta Phytographise AustralisD,' —
comprising above a thousand detailed descriptions of plants, whose
general accuracy will bear the test of a very close examination. When
indeed it was first contemplated to bring out a general Flora of Australia
under Government sanction, Dr. IMueller was naturally looked to as the
botanist the best qualified for undertaking the task of preparing it ;
and in the hope that it would be entrusted to him, he had devoted his
utmost energies to collecting the necessary materials. But there was
one indispensable step, the examination of European herbaria where
the published types were deposited, which he was unable to take ; and
it is a sigiial proof of the generosity of his disposition and the absence
of all selfishness, that when it was proposed to him that the preparation
of the Flora should be confided to me, on account of thefacilities which
my position here gave rae for the exaraination of the Australian collec-
tions I have mentioned above, he not only gave up his long-cherished
projects in my favour, but promised to do all in his power to assist me,
a promise which he has fulfilled with the most perfect faith. Ajoint
work was at first thought of, but, independently of the ordinary draw-
backs attending on joint works, the distance which separates us, requiring
four months to obtain an answer to every trivial doubt or query, put
this quite out of the question. I alone am therefore responsible for tbe
details of this work, for the limitatiou given to genera and species, for
their charactcrs and description. But important observations liave
been frequently suggested by the published works of Dr. Mueller,
or by his manuscript notes, which he has freely communicated; and
a still more essential and generous contribution to the work has been
the loan of the very rich herbarium he had amassed for tlie Australian
Flora, which he remits to me in instahnents. One beneficial result to
science of the course he has thus pursued is that there will be for future
reference duplicate authentic specimens here and in Australia of the
great majority of Australian species.

This herbarium comprises chiefly : —

1. The specimens collected by Dr. Mueller himself in the course of
his extensive Land-journeys in Austraiia (upwards of 20,000 miles), as
well as during his residence in Victoria. Of one important portion of
these plants, tbe North Australian collection, the set in the Hookerian
herbarium is better and more complete than his own. Dr. Mueller at
that time did not conteniphxte the publications he has since undertakeu,
and with his usual generosity he wrote to Sir W. J. Hooker, in 1857,

PRliFACE. 13*

" You receive always the whole of the gpecimens of every rare kiud,
nothiug of uiauy species haviug been retained at all, or I satisfied
niysclf with a solitary leaf, or flower, or fruit iu mauy cases ; . . . the plants
beiug so much more useful at Kew thau in Australia. All my wishes are
conceutrated upon the point to discharge my duties faithfully aud to the
satisfaction of the Goverument." (Hook. Kew Journ. ix. 195.) So also
of several of those which he had iu early days collected in the north as
well as in Victoria and iu South Australia, he sent the best specimeus
to Dr. Sonder for descriptiou and publication iu Geruiany, and unfor-
tuuately, a great proportion of the principal botanical treasures of the
northern expedition were destroyed by damp in the ' Messeuger.'
But of the results of Dr. Mueller's subsequent herborizations his herba-
rium contaius good, instructive, and well-preserved specimens.

2. The collectious made during various exploring expeditions in the
interior of Australia, and entrusted to Dr. Mueller for determinatiou
or publication. These are necessarily, from the difficulties atteuding
these expeditions, although highly iuteresting as to species, often frag-
mentary or unsatisfactory as specimens. Among the most important of
them are those of Mr. Babbage's expedition to the north-west interior
of S. Australia, of Mr. Augustus Gregort's expedition to Cooper's
Creek, and of Mb. E. Fitzalan, in Lieut. Smith's expedition to the
estuary of the Burdekin, all specially reported on by Dr. Mueller ; of
Mb. J. M'Douall Stuabt, who, notwithstauding the obstacles opposed
by the arduous nature of his journey, appears never to have neglected
Natural History ; and the collections made by Me. PEMBERTOisr Wal-
cott and Mb. Maitland Beown, in Me. Feancis Gregort's expedi-
tion to the north-west. As I have not been able always to make out
from the labels which of these two gentlemen actually gathered the spe-
cimens, I have generally quoted them as the results of Mr. Gregory's
expeditiou. The herbarium also contains some specimens from Mr.
Landsboeough's expeditions, aud to this class I should perhaps add a
large number of the late De. Leichhabdt's plants, entrusted to Dr.
Mueller on loan by the trustees of the Sydney Museum on the proposi-
tion of SiB AVilliam Denison. These were chiefly collected in the
back country from Moreton Bay during two years previous to his cele-
brated expedition, together with a few saved from the general wreck of
the plauts of that expedition. I have also seeu a few of Dr. Leich-
hardfs specimens in the herbarium of the Paris Museum.

3. Collectious made by gentlemen more or less employed as collectors
for the botanical department at Melbourne, among whom, those who

14* PREFACE.

have most contributed to tlie berbarium are : — Dr. II. Beckler, who first
coUectetl for himself in the country to the back of Moreton Bay, aud
afterwards for Melbourne in the jungle-forest about the Hastings,
Eichmond, IMackniy, aud Clarence rivers, and, still more recently, be-
tween the Darling and the Barrier range, as botanist and surgeon to
Burke's unfortunate expedition ; his specimens are remarkably good
and well selected. Mr. J. Dall/VCIIY, whose principal jouriiey was one
to the Darling desert. Mr. G. Maxwell, from whora there are nu-
merous species from W. Australia, chiefly from the southeru districts.
Mr. C. Stuart, who collected in Tasmania, and afterwards more largely
in New EngLand, in the neighbourhood of Tenterfield. A considerable
set of the latter has also been presented to the Kew herbarium by Sir
Stuart Donaldson ; Mb. T. Waterhouse, who made large collec-
tions for the Government of S. Australia, chiefly in Kangaroo Ishind ;
and Mr. Augustus Oldfield, an acute observer as well as an intelli-
gent collector, who, besides the Tasmanian contributions mentioned in
Dr. Hooker's Flora, made large additions to the West Austrahan plants
previously known ; in the first instance from the neighboui-hood of
Murchison river, and afterwards from the south-western districts.
Mr. Oldfield is now iu this country, and has most geuerously offered the
use of his owu AustraHan herbarium to the Kew Museum, as a contri-
bution towards the present Flora.

4. Collections presented to Dr. Mueller by friends chiefly resident in
Australia. These, owing to the greater facilities for drying and pre-
serving enjoyed by stationary collectors, are usually the most satisfac-
tory to the working botanists. The first of them iu importance are
those of Mr. C. Moore, Superintendent of the Botanic Garden at
Sydney, and of Mr. W. Hill, Superintendent of the Botanic Garden at
Brisbaue ; the former chiefly from the northern districts of New South
Wales, and the latter from the vicinity of Moretou Bay. Amongst the
numerous amateur contributions, I notice those of Mr. W. Allitt
from Portland, of Miss Louisa Atkinson from tlie Blue ]Mouutaius, of
Dr. H. Behr (now in California) from South Australia, of Mr. E.
BowMAN frora Queeusland, of Mr. J. JSTernst (unfortunately, frora a
misreading of the labels, spelt Vernet in the first sheets of this volume)
from Ipswich, of Mr. A. Thozet from Queensland, of Mb. W. VEitNON
from Sydney, of tlie Eev. W. Whan from Shipton, of Mr. C. Wil-
HELMi frora Port Lincolu, of the Eev. S. E. Woods from the Tattiara
couutry, and of Mr. W. Woolls from Paramatta.

Besides the above-mentioued names and those enumerated in Dr-

PREFACE. 15*

Hooker's Essay, some others may he found quoted in the present work
in connection with species they have collected. To supply any omis-
sions I may have inadvertently made, and in the hope of doiug full jus-
tice to all who may have directly or indirectly contributed to the inves-
tigation of the Australian Plora, it is my purpose, with the last voluine
to give a generai alpliabetical iist, with a sketch of tlieir labours, of all
those whose collections are deposited in the public or private herbaria
to whicli 1 have access.

Witli regard to the form and language adopted in the present work,
they are those which, after much consideration, were adopted and sanc-
tioned by Sir W. J. Hooker for colonial Floras in general, aud exempli-
fied in the ' Flora Hongkongensis.' I may therefore here repeat wliat
I theu stated, that it has been my endeavour to foUow out the principles
laid down in the " Outlines of Botany " prefixed to each of these Floras,
so as to facilitate as much as possible the finding out the name of any
plant gathered in the territory, by the comparison of specimens with
the descriptious given. For this purpose, although I cannot yet give
an analytical key to the Orders, until at least the Polypetalce shall have
been gone through, the genera of each Order, and the species of each
genus, are universally preceded by analytical tables, in which their more
promiuent characters are contrasted. These tables may be considered
as another form for the short diaguoses of Linnaeus and his immediate
followers, or for the italicized portions of many modern diagnoses, and
can refer only to the differeutiation of known species. It is the vain
attempt to iutroduce characters which might absolutely distinguish a
species from all others to be hereafter discovered, — to contrast the
known with the unknown, — that has occasioned those long and tedious
diaguoses, which render many modern descriptive woi^ks almost un-
manageable. A long description in the ablative absolute, supposed to
contain the esseutial characters only, and another iu the nominative witli
the accessory ones, often fail in their purpose, for some of the most
striking features, such as stature, dimensions, colour, etc, because they
are less absohite than the others, are conventionally considered as acces-
sory ; and tlie descriptions containing them are usually first glanced
over by the botanist seeking to name a plant, before he wades through
the confused mass of ablatives in which he is to find the important
characters. In my descriptions, therefore, which I have been obliged
to shorten as much as consistent with their practical use, 1 have en-
deavoured to select the characters raost important to observe for their
identification. Many of these descriptions are, I am aware, as yet very

16* PREFACE.

imperfect, and some may be in some respect erroneous, especially with
regard to stature, colour, and dimensions, owing to the insuflBciency of
specimens and the want of reliable memoranda by those who have seen
the plants in a living state. Travellers, therefore, making use of this
work in the country, will have to guard against attaching much im-
portance to discrepancies in characters which dried specimeus cannot
show, when the descriptious apply well to the plant they are examiuing
as to form and structure. With regard to dimensions, especially, it
must be borne in mind that those here given are the average limits be-
tween which the orgaus vary iu tlieir full-grown normal state. Starva-
tion, inordinate luxuriance, the imperfect development of the first- or
last-formed orgaus of each kind, and other similar circumstances, may
reduce or exteud the dimensious beyond the limits assigued, but the
general aspect of the specimens, if tolerably good, will generally indi-
cate whether the organs are or not in any such abnormal conditions.

With regard to the synonymy, I have endeavoured to give a com-
plete reference to all published names of endemic Australian plants, as
well as to all names which have been specially giveu with reference to
Australian specimens. But in the case of well-known extra-Australian
species extending iuto our Flora, I have thought it unnecessary to re-
peat the whole of the synonyms, already given in the general works I
have quoted, adding only such new ones as my researches for the iden-
tification of Australian species have enabled me to verify.

In order to facilitate the use of this work as a separate Flora of
each of the colonial territories whose Governments have supported
it by separate grants, l have thought it right to indicate by a pro-
minent typographical arrangement the particular colonies in which each
species is to be found. For this purpose I have considered Queensland
as exteuding (as indicated in our most recent maps) to Cape Tork, and
have designated under the general name of North Australia the wliole
of the uusettled territory to the westward withiu the tropics. Sharks
Bay aud its neighbourhood are considered as belongiug to West Austra-
lia ; and I have taken as the northern limits of South Australia, the 26th
parallel S. latitude, as T fiud it marked in our maps.

In giving the various stations at which each species has been found,
it has been my plan to enumerate all those I find in E, Brown's her-
barium, all Cuuningham's except the Tasmauian ones, and generally all
others that I find authentically recorded on labels accompanying the
specimens, excepting where many collectors have gathered the same
plant at such well-known localities as Port Jacksou, King George's

PREFACE. 17*

Sountl, etc, in wliich case I have meutioned only E. Brown, or some
otliers of those who first collected it, and excepting also Tasmania
and Victoria. For the two latter colonies, I have usually extracted or
abridged the stations (always verified ou the specimens) given in the
ekborate Floras of J. D. Hooker and F. Mueller.

Many of the varieties which 1 have indicated will be considered as
distinct species by a large number of general botanists ; on the other
hand, there are many forms which I have adopted as species which Dr
Mueller is disposed to reduce. In some cases I have yielded to hia
opinion, rather against the conclusion I should have come to from the
examination of dried specimens, because, for Victoria phints especially,
lie has the great advantage of observing them living in their native sta-
tions. Having had myself much experience in describing plants both
with and without this aid, and of testing descriptions made with and
without it, I can fully appreciate the great use that can be made of it,
provided due caution be observed, for it often acts as a snare. It rarely
oecurs that many species of a genus are found together so as to admit
of comparison in a growing state, and we are too apt in regard to them
to trust to recollections of general impressions. I do not eonsider it
safe therefore to unite forms usually regarded as distinct and appearing
so in a large number of specimens from a great variety of stations, on
account of generally observed variations unconfirmed by specimens, nor
even on account of single apparently intermediate specimens, uuless the
history of such abuormal specimens is ascertained. Little as we kuow,
for instance, of the influence of natural hybridizing iu Europe, it haa
been still less, if ever, observed in Australia ; and many other causes
may have produced apparent passages between species really distiuct.
I have, therefore, wherever there is a difference of opinion between Dr.
Mueller and myself, adopted the conclusion which has appeared to me
the most probable, and mentioned the objection to it for the considera-
tion and, if possible, the decision of future botanists.

At the moment of seuding tliese pages to press, several additional
collections have arrived at Kew from Dr. Mueller, from Mr. Oldtield,
and from Mr. B. Lowrie. Were I to deLay the publication of this volume
for the purpose of iu?erting any additions they might supply, it is pro-
bable that others again might come to hand, and to such delays there
would be no limit. As it is probable, also, that the first irse of this
volume may be the means of detecting many errors or iuaccuracies, I
think it better to reserve all " Addenda and Corrigenda" for a Sup-
plement, to be issued with the second volume.

VOL. I. l

18* rREFACE.

I should here liave ndrled an iiitroductory sketcli of tbe ^eograplij'^ of
Australinu vegetatiou aud of the history of its botauy ; but the ueed
for it is for tlie present obviated by the eUiborate rcview contained iu
Dr. Hooker's above-mcutioued Essay. It is true tliat receut discoveries
as well as a more carefid exaraiuatiou of the Australian species pre-
viously deposited in our herbaria, may require some corrections in the
statistical details given, or slight modifications, as to the proportious in
vvhich the Australian Plora is conuected with those of other couutries ;
but tlie general features of its geograpliical diatribution, so ably skctclicd
out by Dr. Hooker, are ouly coufirmed as further research reuders thcm
more definite, aud the miuor corrections may be much more satisfac-
torily given with the close of the work, wheii the whole Plora shall have
beeu goue through.

CONTENTS.

OUTLINES OF BOTANT, WITH SPECIAL EeFEBENCE TO LoCAL FlOBAS . . ^''^i

Chap. I. Definitions and Desceiptite Botant

§ 1. The Plant in General .... .!

§ 2. The Root !!

§ 3. The Stock .""

§ 4. The Stem '"^

§ 5. The Leaves

§ 6. Scales, Bracts, ancl Stipules

§ 7. Inflorescence and its Bracts

§ 8. The Flower in Geueral

§ 9. The Calyx and Corolla or Perianth . . s-jii

§ 10. The Stamens

§ 11. The Pistil .... ^T

XTl

§ 12. The Eeceptacle and Eelative Attachment of the Floral Wliorls . xviu

§ 13. The Fruit

§ 14. The Seed ....

^ ^ XXI

§ 15. Accessory Organs

Chap. II. Classification, oe Ststematic Botant xxiy

ChAP. III. VeGETABLE AnATOMT AND PhTSIOLOGT XXV

§ 1. Structureof theElementary Tissues xxv

§ 2. Arrangement of the Elementary Tissues, or Structure of the Organs of

Plants

§ 3. Growth of the Organs •

§ 4. Functions of the Organs j.^^.

Chap. IV. Collection, Pbeseetation, and Deteemination of Plants . xxxii

Index of Teems, ob Glossabt xxxvii

Floea Austealiensis.

Class I. Dicottledons -i

Subclass 1. Polypetalse j

Order I. Eanimculacese ^

II. Dilleniacese -ig

III. MagnoUacese ^o

IV. Anonaceae rr.

V. Menispermacere k±

' ' b 2 '

20'

C0NTENT9.

Order VI.

VII.

VIII.

IX.

X.

XI.

XII.

XIII.

XIV.

XV.

XVI.

XVII.

XVIII.

XIX.

XX.

XXI.

XXII.

XXIII.

XXIV.

XXV.

XXVI.

XXVII.

XXVIII.

XXIX.

XXX.

XXXI.

XXXII.

XXXIII.

XXXIV.

XXXV.

XXXVI.

XXXVII.

XXXVIII.

XXXIX.

Papaveracese

Crucifers

Capparidese

Violariese .

Bixinese .

Pittosporese

Tremandrese

PolvgaleiB

Frankeniaceae

CaryophyUese

Portulaceae

Elatineee .

Hypericineae

GuttiferEB .

IMalvacese .

Stercnliacese

Tiliacese .

Linese . ■

Malpigliiaceoe

Zygophyllese

Geraniacese

Rutaceae .

Siniarubese

Bursevaceae

■Meliacese .

Olacinese .

lUcinese .

Celastrinese

Stackhousieae

Khamnese

Sapindaceoe
Anacardiacese

Page
60

62

63

89

98

105

109

128

137

149

153

167

178

181

183

184

224

, 267

, 282

. 284

. 286

. 294

. 301

. 372

. 376

. 378

. 390

. 396

. 397

. 404

. 409

. 445

. 451

. 488

INTRODUCTION.

OUTLTNES OF BOTANY, WITH SPECIAL REEEEENCE TO
LOCAL ELOEAS.

Chap. I. Definitions and Desceiptite Botant.

1. The principal object of a Plora of a country, is to afford the mcans of determin-
ing (i. e. ascertaming the name of) any plant growing in it, whether for the purpose
of ultcrior study or of intellectual exercise.

2. With this view, a Flora consists of descriptions of all the wild or native plants
contained in the country in question, so drawn up and arranged that the student may
identify with the correspondmg description any individual specimen which he may
gather.

3. These descriptions shovdd be clear, concise, accurate, and cJiaracteristic, so as
that each one sliould be readily adapted to the plant it relates to, and to no other one ;
they should be as nearly as possible arranged imder natural (184.) diTi:?ions, so as to
facilitate the comparison of eacli plant with those nearest allied to it ; and they should
be accompanied by an artijicial key or index, by means of which the student may be
guided step by step in the observation of such pecuharities or characfers in his plant,
as may lead him, with the least delay, to the individual description belonging to it.

4. For descriptions to be clear and readily intelhgible, they should be expressed as
much as possible in ordinary well-estabhshed language. But, for the purpose of ac-
curacy, it is necessary not only to give a more precise technical meaning to many
terms used more or less vaguely in common conversation, but also to mtroduce purely
technical names for such parts of plants or forms as are of httle importance except
to the botanist. In the present chapter it is proposed to defiue such technical or
technicaUy limited terms as are made use of in these Floras.

5. At the same time mathematical accuracy must not be expected. Tlie forms and
appearances assumed by plants and their parts are infinite. Names cannot be invented
for all ; tliose even that have bcea proposed are too numerous for ordinary memories.
Many are derived from supposed resemblances to well-known forms or objects. Tliese
resemblances are differently appreciated by different persons, and the same term is not
only differently appUed by two different botanists, but it frequently happens that the
same writer is led on diiferent occasions to give somewhat diffcrent meanings to the
same word. The botanisfs endeavours should ahvays be, on the one hand, to make
as near an approach to precision as circumstances will allow, and on the other hand to
avoid that proUxity of detail and overloading with technical terms whicli tends rather
to confusion than clearness. In tliis lie wiU be more or less successful. The aptness
of a botanical description, Uke the beauty of a work of imagination, will always vary
with the style and genius of the author.

U INTRODUCTION.

§ 1. The Flant in General.

6. Tlie Plant, in its botanical sense, includes every bcing which has vegetable life,
froni the loftiest tree which adorns oiir landscapes, to the humblest moss which grows
on its stcm, to the moidd or fungus whicli attacks om* provisions, or the green scum
that floats on our ponds.

7. Evcry portion of a plant which has a distinct part ov function to perform iu the
opcrations or phenomena of vegetable Hfe is called an Organ.

8. What constitutos refjefahle life, and what are the functions of each organ, be-
long to Vegetahle Physiology ; thc microscopical structurc of the tissues composing
thc oi'gans, to Vegetahle Anatomy ; the composition of the substanees of which they
are formed, to Vegetahle Chemistry ; under Descriptive and Syslematic Boiany we
have chiefly to consider tl>c forms of organs, that is, their Morphology, in the proper
sense of the term, and their general structure so far as it aficcts classification and
spccific rescmblances and differences. The tenns we shall now dcfine belong chiefly
to tlie hitter branch of Botany, as being tliat which is essential for the invcstigation
of Ihe Flora of a country. We shall add, however, a short clinpter on Vcgetable
Anatomy and Pliysiology, as a gencral kiiowledge of both imparts an additional in-
terest to and faciJitates the comparison of the characters and aflinities of the plants
exammed.

9. In the more perfcct phmts, tlicir organs are comprised in tlie general tcruis
Root, Stem, Iieaves, Flowers, and Fruit. Of thesc the thrcc first, whose func-
tion is to assist in thc gi'owth of tlic phmt, are Organs of Vegetaiion ; tlic flower and
fruit, whosc oflice is the formation of the seed, arc the Organs of Heproduction.

10. All thcse organs exist, in one shape or another, at souie period of the Hfe of
most, if not all, fiowering plants, teclinically euUed j)h(enogamous or phanerogamous
plants ; which all bcar some kind of flower and fruit in the botanical sense of the
term. In the lower classcs, the ferns, mosscs, fungi, moidds or mildews, seawceds,
etc, called by botanists cryptogamous plants, the flowers, the fruit, and not unfre-
quently one or more of the organs of vcgetation, are either wanting, or rcplaced by
orgaus so differcnt as to be hardly capable of beariug thc same name.

11. The observations comprised in the following pages refer exclusively to the
flowering or pha?nogamous plants. The sludy of the cryptogamous classes has now
become so complicated as to form alinost a separate science. Tliey are therefore not
included in these introductoi-y obscrvations, nor, with the exception of ferns, in the
prcsent Flora.

12. Plants are

Monocarpic, if they die after one floweriug-season. These include Annuals, which
flower in tlie same year in whii'h they are raised from seed ; and Biennials, which only
flower in the year following that iu which thcy are sown.

Caulocarpic, if, after flowering, thc whoie or part of the plant Hres through the
winter and produces fresh flowers another season. These inclnde Ilerbaceous peren-
tiials, in which the greater part of the plant dies after flowerine, leaving only a small
IJcrcnniid jiortion called the Stock or Caudex, close to or witliin the earth ; Under-
shruhs, suffrulicose or suffrutescent iilants, in whicli the flowcring branches, forming a
considcrable portion of the plant, die down after flowering, but lcave a more or less
prominent perennial aud woody base; Shrubs {frutescent ovfruticose plants), in which
the pereimial woody jiart forms the greater part of the plant, but branclics ncar tho
basc, and does not much cxceed a man's height ; aud Trees {arboreous or arborescent
planis) when the height is greater and forms a woody trunk, scarcely branching from
the base. Bushes are low, much branched shrubs.

13. The terms Monocarpic and Caulocarpic are but little used, but the other dis-
tinctions enumerated above are universally attended to, although more uscful to the
gardener than to the botanist, who cannot always assign to tlicm any precise character.
Monocarpic ])Iants, which require more than two or three years to produce (heir
flowers, wiU oftcn, uuder certain circumstanccs, become hcrbaceous perennials, and are
gcncrally coufounded with them. Truly percnnial herbs will oftcn comincncc tlowcr-
ing the first year, and have thcn all the appearance of annuals. Many tall shrubs

INTRODUCTION. 111

and trees lose annually their flowering branches like XTndershrubs. And the same
botanical species may be an anniial or a pei'ennial, a herbaceous perennial or an under-
shnib, an imdershrub or a shrub, a shrub or a tree, according to cUraate, treatment,
or Tariety.

14. Plants are usually terrestrial, that is, growing on earth, or aquatic, i. e. growing
in water ; but sometimes they may be foimd attached by their roots to other plants,
in which case they are epiphytes when simply growing upon other plants without
]")euet)-ating into their issue, parasites when tiieir roots penetrate into ancl derive more
or less nutriment from tlie plant to wliich tliey are attaclied.

15. The simplest form of the perfect plant, the annual, cousists of —

(1) The lC.oot, or descending axis, which grows downwards from the stem, divides
and spreads in the earth or water, aud absorbs food for tlie plant tliroiigh the extre-
mities of its brauclies.

(2) Tlie Stem, or ascending axis, which grows iipwards fi-om the root, branches and
beai's first one or more leaves in succession, then one or more flowers, and finally one
or more fruits. It coutains tlie tissues or other channels (217) by whicli the nutri-
ment absorbed by the roots is conveyed in the form of sap (192) to tlie leaves or other
points of the surface of the plant, to be elahorated or digested (218), and afterwards
redistributed over dlflerent parts of the plant for its support and growth.

(3) Tlie laeaves, usually flat, green, and horizontal, are variously arranged on the
stem and its branches. Tliey elahorate or digest (218) thenutriment hrought to them
through tlie stem, absorb carbonic acid gas from the air, exhaUng the superfluous
oxygen, and returning tlie assimilated sap to the stem.

(4) Tlic Plowers, usually placecl at or towards the extremities of the branehes.
Tliey are destined to form tlie fiiture seed. When perfect and complete they consist :
Ist, of a pistil in the centre, consisting of one or more carpels, eacli containiiig the
germ of one or more seeds ; 2nd, of oue or more stamens outside the pistil, wliose
action is necessary to fertilize the pistil or enable it to ripen its seed ; 3rd, oia periaiitJi,
OT fioral envelope, wliich usually encloses the staraens and pistil when young, and
«xpands and exposes them to view when fuUy formed. Tliis completo periautli is
double ; the outer one, caUed Calyx, is usuaUy more green and leaf-Iike ; the inner
one, caUed the CoroIIa, more conspicuous, and variously coloured. It is the periauth,
and especially tlie corolla, as the most showy part, that is generally caUed the flower
in popular language.

(5) The yruit, cousisting of the pistil or its lower portion, which pcrsists or reraains
attaclied to tlie plaut after the remaiuder of the flower has withered aud faUen ofl".
It enlarges and alters raore or less in shape or consistence, becomes a seed-vessel, en-
closiug tlie seed untU it is ripe, wlien it either opens to discharge the seed or faUs to
the ground with the seed. In popular language tlie iermfruit is often limited to such
seed-vessels as are or look juicy and eatable. Botanists give that name to aU seed-
Tessels.

Ifi. The herbaceous perennial resembles the annual during the first year of its
growth ; but it also forms (usually towards the close of the season), on its stocJc (the
portion of the stem and root whicli does not die), one or more buds, either expbsed,
and tlien popularly called eges, or concealed among leaves. Tliese buds, called leaf-
huds, to distinguish tliera from fioiver-hmls or unopened flowers, are future branches
as yet undevcloped ; they remain dormant through the wdnter, and the foUowiug
spring grosv out into new stems bearing leaves aud flowers Uke those of the preceding
year, whilst the lower part of the stock emits frcsh roots to replace those whieh had
perislied at the same time as tlie stems.

17. Shrubs and trees form similar leaf-buds either at tlie extremity of thcir branches,
or along the branches of tlie year. In the latter case these buds are usually a.rillary,
that is, they appear in the axil of each leaf, i. e. in tlie angle formed by the leaf and
the branch. When they appear at any other part of the plant they are caUed adventi-
tious. If these buds by producing roots (19) become distiuct plants before separating
from the parent, or if adventitious leaf-buds are produccd in the plaee of flowers or
seeds, the plant is said to be viviparoiis ov proliferous.

IV INTRODUCTION.

§ 2. The Root.
IS. Roots ordinarily produce neither buds, leaves, nor flowcrs. Tlieir branclics,
c&Wtid Jihres wlien slender and long, proceed irregularly froni aiiy part of their siu-face.

19. AUliough roots proceed usually frora the base of tlie stem or stock, they raay
also be pi-oduced froni the base of any bud, especially if the bud lie along the ground,
or is otlierwise placed by nature or art in circumstauces favourable for their deve-
lopment, or indecd occasionally from ahnost any part of the plant. They are then
often distinguished as adventilious, but this term is by some appUed to all roots which
are not in prolongation of the original radicle.

20. Roots are

Jibrous, when they eonsist chiefly of slender fibres.

tuberou-s, when either the niain root or its branches are thickened into one or
morc short flesliy or woody masscs called tubers (25).

taproots^ when the main root descends perpendicularly into the earth, emitting
only very small fibrous branches.

21. The stoek of a hcrbaceous perennial, or the lower part of thc stem of an annual
or perennial, or the lowest branclies of a plant, are sometimes imderground and assume
the appearance of a root. They tiu^n take the name of rhizome. Tiie rhizome niay
always be distinguished from the true root by the presence or production of one or
more buds, or leaves, or scales.

§ 3. The Stock.

22. The Stock of a herbaecous perenuial, in its most complete state, inchides a
smail portiou of the summits of tlie previous ycar's roots, as well as of tlie base of Ihe
previousyear's stems. Sudi stoeks will inerease yearly, so a.s at length to form dense
tufts. Tliey will often preserve througli tlio vrinter a few leaves, amongst wliich are
placcd the buds wliich grow out into stcms the following year, whilst tlie under side of
the stock emits new roots from or amongst tlie remains of the old ones. Tlicse peren-
nial stoeks only differ from tlie permanent base of an underslunib in tlic sliortness of
tiie perennial part of the stems and in their texture usually less woody.

23. In some perennials, liowever, tlie stock consists merely of a branch, which pro-
eeeds in autumn from tlie base of the stem either aboveground or underground, and
produces one or more buds. Tiiis branch, or a portion of it, alone survives tlie wiuter.
In the following ycar its buds produce the new stem and roots, whilst the rest of the
plant, even the brancli on wliicli these buds were formed, luis died away. Tliese annual
stocks, called sometimes hybernacula, offsets, or stolons, keep up the communication
bctween the annual stem and root of one year and those of tlie foUowing year, thus
forming altogether a peremiial plant.

2k The stock, whethcr annual or perennial, is often entirely imderground or root-
like. Tiiis is the rootstuck, to vvhieh some botanists limit the meaning of the tcrm
rhizome. When the stock is entirely root-Iike, it is po])ularly caUed the crown of the root.

25. The teiiu tuber is applied to a short, thick, more or less succuleut rootstock or
rhizome, as well as to a root of that shape (20), although some botanists propose to re-
strict its meaning to tlie oue or to the otlier. An Orehis tuber, called by some a knob,
is an annual tuberous rootstock with one bud at the top. A potato is an annual tu-
berous rootstoek with several buds.

26. A Jjulb is a stoek of a shape approacliing to globular, usually rather conical
above and flattened underneath, iu whicli the bud or buds are concealed, or nearly so,
under scales. These scales are the more or less tliickened bascs of the decayed leaves
of the i)rcceding year, or of the imdevelopcd leaves of the future year, or of both.
IJulbs are annual or percnnial, usually underground or close to the ground, but occa-
sionally buds in the axUs of the upper leavcs become transformed into bulbs. Bulbs
are said to be scati/ whcn tiieir scalcs are thick and loosely imbricated, tunicated when
the scales are thinner, broadcr, and closely roUed round each other in concentric layers.

27. A corm is a tuberous rootstock, usually annual, shaped like a bulb, but in which
tlie bud or buds are not covercd by scalcs, or of which tho scales are vcry thui aud
nicmbranous.

INTUODUCTION. V

§ 4. The Stem.
2S. Stems are

erecf, when they ascend perpendicularly from the root or stock ; twigffi/ or virgate,
when iit tlie same time they are slender, stiff, and scarcely branched.

sarmentose, when the branches of a woody stem are long and weak, aUhough
scarcely climbing.

decumbent or ascending, when they spread horizontaUy, or nearly so, at the base,
and then turii upwards and become erect.

procumbent, wlien they spread along the ground the whole or the greater portion
of theii- length ; diffuse, when at the same time rery much aud rather loosely branched.

prostrate, when they he still closer to the ground.

creeping, when they emit roots at their nodes. This term is also frequently ap-
plied to any rhizomes or roots which spread horizontally.

tufted or ccespitose, when very short, close, and many together from the same
stock.

29. Weak climbing stems are said to twine, when they support themselves by wind-
ing spirally round any object ; such stems are also called voluble. When they simply
chmb without twining, they support themselves by theu- leaves, or by special clasping
organs called tendrils (169), or sometimes, Hke the Ivy, by small root-Uke excrescences.

30. Suckers are young plants fonned at the end of creeping, underground rootstocks.
Scions, runners, and stolons, or sioles, are names given to young plants formed at the
end or at the nodes (31) of branches or stocks creeping wholly or partially above-
ground, or sometimes to the creeping stocks themselves.

31. A node is a point of the stem or its branches at which one or more leaves,
branches, or leaf-buds (16) are given olF. An internode is the portion of the stem
comprised between two nodes.

32. Branches or leaves are

opposife, when two proceed from the same node on opposite sides of tlie stem.

ichorled or rerficillafe (in a wJiorl or verticil), when several proceed from the
same node, arrauged regidai'ly round the stem ; geminafe, ternafe,fascicled, ovfascicu-
late, when two, three, or more proceed from the same node on the same side of the
stem. A tuft of fasciculate leaves is usually in fact an axillary leafy branch, so short
that the leaves appear to proceed all from tlie same point.

alternate, when one only proceeds from each node, one on one side and the next
above or below on the opposite side of the stem.

decussate, when opposite, but each pair placed at right-angles to the next pair above
or below it ; disfichous, when regularly an-anged one above another in two opposite
rows, one on each side of the stem ; tristichous, when in three rows, etc. (92).

scattered, when irregularly arranged round tlie stem ; frequently, however, bota-
nists apply the term alternate to all branches or leaves that are neither opposite nor
whorled.

secund, when all start from or are tumed to one side of the stem.

33. Branches are dichotomous, when several times forked, the two branches of
each fork being nearly equal ; trichotomous, when there are three nearly equal brauches
at each division instead of two ; biit when the middle branch is evidently tlie princi-
pal one, the stem is usually said to have two opposite branches ; umbellate, when di-
vided in the same mannerinto several nearly equal branches proceeding from the same
point. If however the central branch is larger than the two or more lateral ones, the
stem is said to have opposite or whorled branches, as the case may be.

34. A cidm is a name sometimes given to the stem of Grasses, Sedges, and some
other Monocotyledouous plants.

§ 5. The Leaves.

35. Tlie ordinary or perfect Leaf consists of a flat hlade or lamina, usually green,
and more or less horizontal, attached to the stem by a stalk called &footstaIk or pefiole.
Wheu the form or dimensions of a leaf are spoken of, it is gcuerally the blade that is
meant, without the petiole or stalk.

36. The eud by wliich a leaf, a part of the flower, a sccd, or any other organ, is

Vi INTRODUCTION.

attached to the stem or other organ, is called its base, the opposite end is its apex ov
siimmit, excepting sometimes in the case of anther-cells (115).

37. Iieaves are

sessile, when the blade rests on the stem without the intervention of a petiole.

amplexicaid or stem-clasping, when the sessile base of the blade clasps the stcm
horizontally.

perfoliate, when the base of the blade not only clasps the stem, but closes round
it on the opposite side, so that the stem appears to pierce tlirough the blade.

decurrent, when tlie edges of the k^af are continued down the stcm so as to form-
raised hnes or narrow appendages, called ivings.

sheathing, when the base of the blade, or of the more or less expanded petiole,
forms a vertical sheath round tho stem for some distance above the node.

38. Leares and flowers are called radical, when inserted on a rhizome or stock, or
80 close to the base of the stem as to appear to proceed from the root, rhizome, or
stock ; caiiline, when inserted on a distinct stem. Eadical leaves are rosidate when
they spread in a circle ou the ground.

39. Iieaves are

siinple and entire, wlien the blade consists of a single piece, with the margin no-
where indented, siniple being used iu opposition to compound, entire iu oppositiou to
dentate, lohed, or divided.

ciiiate, wlien bordered with thick hairs or fine hair-Uke teeth.

dentate or foothed, wlien the margin is only cut a little way in, into what have
been compared to teeth. Such leaves are serrate, whcn the teetli are rcgidar and
pointed hke the teeth of a saw ; crenate, when regular and bhmt or roundcd (com-
pared to the battlements of a towei-) ; serridate and crenulate, when the sen-atures or
crenatures are small ; sinuate, wheu the tecth are broad, not dcep, and irregidar (com-
pared to bays of the coast) ; wavg or undulate, when the edges are not flat, but bent
up and down (comparcd to the waves of the sea).

lohed or cleft, wlien more deeply indented or divided, but so that the incisions do
not rcach the midrib or petiole. The ])ortions thus divided take the name of lot)es.
When the lobcs are narrow aud very irregular, the leaves are said to be laciniate. The
spaces betweeu the teetli or lobes are called sinuses.

divided or dissected, when the incisions reach the midrib or petiole, but the parts
80 divided off, called segments, do not separate from the petiole, even when the leaf
falls, without tearing.

compound, when divided to the midi-ib or petiole, and the parts so divided off,
called leaflets, separate, at least at tlie fall of the leaf, from the petiole, as the wliole
leaf does from the stem, without tearing. Tlie common stalk upon whieh tlie leaflets
are inserted is called the common petiole or the rhachis ; tlie separate stalk of each leaflet
is a petiolule.

40. Lcaves are more or less marked by veins, which, starting from the stalk, diverge
or brauch as the blade widcns, and spread all over it more or less visibly. The priu-
cipal oiies, when prominent, arc often called ribs or nerves, the smaUcr branchcs only
then retaining the name of veins, or the latter are termed veinJets. Tlie smallcr vcins
are oftcn connectod togethcr hke the meshes of a not, they are tbeu said to anastomose,
and the leaf is said to be reticulafe or net-veined. Whcn onc principal vcin rims direct
from the stalk towards the summit of the leaf, it is caUed the midrib. Wheu several
start from the stalk, divorge sUghtly witlioiit branchiug, and converge again towards
the summit, thoy are said to be parallcl, altliough uot mathematicaUy so. Wlien 3 or
5 or more ribs or nerves diverge/>-0)« the base, the lcaf is said to be ^'-nerved, h-nerved,
etc, but if the hiteral ones divergc from the midrib a Uttle above the base, the leaf is
triplinerved, quintuplinerved, etc. The arrangement of the veins of a leaf is caUed
their venation.

41. The Iieaflets, Segments, Lobes, or Veins of leaves are

pinnate (feathered), wheu thore aro soveral suceceding each other on cach side of
tlie midrib or petiok», compared to tlie branches of a feather. A piunately lobed or
divided leaf is caUed lyrafe when the termiual lobe or segment is much larger and
broador than the latoral ones, oompared, by a strotoh of imaginatioii, to a lyre ; run-

INTRODUCTION. vii

cinate, ■n-lieii the lateral lobes are cuvTed backwards towards tlie base of tlie leaf ;
pecfinate, when the lateral lobes are numerous, uarrow, and regular, hke the teeth of
a comb.

jjalmate or digitate, when several diverge from the same point, compared to the
fingers of the hand.

ternate, when three only start fi-om the same point, in which case the distinction
between the palmate and pinnate arrangemcnt often ceases, or can only be determined
by analogy with alhed plants. A leaf with ternate lobes is called trifid. A leaf with
threc lealiets is sometimes unpro)5erly called a ternate leaf : it is the leaflets that are
ternate ; the whole leaf is trifoUoIate. Ternate leaves are leaves growing three together.

pedaie, when the division is at first ternate, but the two outer branches are
forked, the outer ones of each fork again forked, and so on, and all the bi-anches are
near together at the base, compared vaguely to the foot of a bird.

42. Leaves with pinnate, pahnate, pedate, etc, leaflets, are usually for shortness called
pinnate, palmate, pedate, etc, leaves. If they are so cut into segments only, thev are
usually said to be pinnatiseci,palmatisect, pedatisect, etc, although the chstinction be-
tween segments and leaflets is often unheeded in descriptions, and cannot indeed always
be asecrtained. If the leaves are so cut only into lobes, they are said to he pinnatifid,
palmatifid, pedatifid, etc.

43. The teeth, lobes, segments, or lcaflets, may be again toothed, lobed, divided, or
compoimded. Some leaves ai-e even three or more times divided or compomided. In
the latter case they are termed decompound. When twice or thrice pinnate {bipinnate
or tripiniiate), each primary or secondary division, with the leaflets it comprises, is
called a pinna. When the pinna of a leaf or the leaflets of a pinna are in pairs, with-
out an odd terminal pinna or leaflet, the leaf or pinna so divided is said to be ahruptlij
pinnate ; if there is an odd terminal pinna or leaflet, the leaf or pinna is unequally
pinnate {imparipinnatum) .

44. The number of leaves or their parts is expressed adjectively by the foUowing
numerals, derived from the Latin : —

multi-
many-

prefixed to a termination, indicating the particiilar kind of part referred to. Thus —

unidentate, hidentaie, multidentate, mean one-toothed, two-toothed, many-toothed,
etc.

hifid, trifid, multifid, mean two-Iobed, three-lobed, many-Iobed, etc.

unifoliolate, hifoliolate, multifoUolate, mean having one leaflet, two leaflets, many
leaflets, etc.

unifoliate, hifoliate, multifoliaie, mean having one leaf, two leaves, many leaves,
etc.

hiternaie and triternate, mean twice or thrice ternately divided.

unijugate, hijugaie, multijugaie, etc, pinnse or leaflets, mean that they are iu one,
two, many, etc, pairs (Juga).

45. Ijeaves or their parts, when flat, or any other flat organs in plants, are
linear, wlien long and narrow, at least four or five times as long as broad, falsely

compared to a mathematical line, for a linear leaf has always a perceptible breadth.

lanceolaie, when about three or more times as long as broad, broadest belovv the
middle, and tapering towards the summit, compared to the head of a lance.

cuneaie, when broadest above the middle, and tapering towards the base, compared
to a wedge with the point downwards ; when very broadly cuneate and rounded at the
top, it is often caUed //«5e////br;K ovfan-sJiaped.

spathulate, when the broad part near the top is short, and the narrow tapering
part long, compared to a spatula or flat ladle.

ovate, when scarcely twice as long as broad, and rather broader below the middle,
compared to the longitudinal section of an egg ; obovate is tlie same form, with the
broadest part above the middle.

orbicular, oval, ohlong, elliptical, rhomhoidal, etc, when comparcd to the corre-
sponding mathcmatical figures.

fransverse/g ohlong, or ohlate, when conspicuoiisly broadcr than long.

uni-,

bi-,

tri-.

qxiadri-.

quinque-.

sex-.

septem-.

ooto-,

novem-,

decem-.

1-,

2-,

3-,

4-,

5-,

G-,

7-,

8-,

9-,

10-,

Vlll INTRODUCTION.

falcate, when currecl like tlie blade of a seythc.

46. Intermediate fonns betwcen anj two of the above are expressed by combining
two tenns. Thus, a linea7'-lanceolate leaf is long and narrow, yet broader below the
niiddle, and tapering to a point ; a linear-ohlong one is scarcely narrow enough to be
called hnear, yct too nan-ow to be strictly oblong, and does not conspicuously taper
either towards the summit or towards the base.

47. The apex or snmmit of a leaf is

acute or pointed, when it forms an acute angle or tapers to a point.

obtuse or blunt, when it forms a very obtuse angle, or more generally when it is
more or less rouuded at the top.

acuminate or cv.ipidate, when suddenly narrowed at the top, and then more or less
prolonged into an acumen ov point, wliich may be acute or obtuse, linear or tapering.
Some botanists make a shght difference between the acuminate and cuspidate apex, the
acumen being more distinct from the rest of the leaf in the latter case than in the
fonner ; but in general the two terms are used in the same sense, some preferring tlie
one and some the other.

truncate, when the end is cut off square.

retuse, when very obtuse or truncate, and shghtly indented.

emarginate or notched, when more decidedly indcnted at the end of the midrib ;
ohcordate, if at the same time approaching the shape of a heart with its point down-
wards.

mticronate, when the midrib is produced beyond the apex in the form of a small
point.

aristate, when the point is fine like a hair.

48. The base of the lcaf is liable to the same variations of form as the apex, but the
tcrms more commonly used are tapering or narroiced for acute and acnminaie, rounded
for obtuse, and cordate for emarginate. In all cases the petiole or point of attacliinent
j)revent any such absokite tennhiation at the base as at the apex.

49. A leaf may be cordafe at the base whatever be its length or breadth, or what-
ever the shape of the two lateral lobes, called auricles (or little ears), formed by tlie
indenture or notch, but the term cordiform or heart-shaped leaf is rcstricted to an
ovate and acute leaf, cordate at the base, with rounded auriclcs. The word aurieles is
moi-e particidarly used as appUed to sessile and stem-clasping leaves.

50. If the aurieles are pointed, the leaf is more particularly called auriculate ; it is
moreovcr said to be sagittate, when the points are directed downwards, compared to an
aiTow-head ; hasfate, wlien tlie points diverge horizontally, coinpared to a halhert.

51. A reniform leaf is broader than long, shghtly but broadly cordate at the base,
with rounded auricles, compared to a kidney.

52. In a pellate leaf, the stalk, instead of proceeding from the lower edge of the
blade, is attached to the under surface, usually near tlie lower edge, but sometimes in
the very centre of the blade. The peUate leaf has usually several pi-incipal ncrves
radiating from the point of attachment, being, in fact, a cordate leaf, with the auridea
united.

53. All these modifications of division and form in the leaf pass so gradually one
mto the other that it is often difficult to say which tcrm is the most apphcable —
whether the leaf be toothed or lobed, dividcd or compound, oblong or lanceolate, obtuse
or acute, etc. The choice of the most apt expression wiU depend on the skiU of the
describcr.

54. Iieaves, when solid, Stems, Pruits, Tubers, and other parts of plants,
when not flattened hke ordinary lcaves, are

setaceous or capillary, when very slender hke bristles or hairs.

acicular, whcn very slender, but stiff and pointed hke needles.

subulate, when ratlier thickcr and firmer hke awls.

linear, when at least four times as long as thick ; ohtong, when from about two to
about four thnes as long as thick, the terms having the same sense as when applicd to
flat surfaces.

ovoid, when egg-shaped, with the broad end downwards, obovoid if the broad end
is upwards ; these tenns corresponding to orate and obovafe shapes in flat surfaccs.

INTRODUCTION. IX

glohiilar ov spherlcal, when corresponding to orhicular in a flat surface. Round
applies to both.

turbinate, when shaped hke a top.

eonical, when tapermg upwards : ohconical, when tapering downwards, if in both
cases a transverse section shows a circle.

pyramidal, wlien tapering upwards ; ohpyramidal, when tapering downwards, if
iu both cases a transverse section shows a triangle or polygon.

fusiform, or spindle-shaped, when tapering at both ends ; cylindrical, when not
tapering at either end, if in both cases the transverse section sliows a circle, or some-
times in-espective of the transverse sliape.

terete, when the transverse section is not angular ; trigonous, triquetrous, if the
transverse section shows a triangle, irrespective in both cases of longitudinal form.

compressed, when more or less flattened laterally ; depressed, when more or less
flattened vertically, or at any rate at the top ; ohcompressed (in the achenes of Compo-
sittB), when flattened from front to back.

articulate ov jointed, if at any period of their growth (usually when fuHy formed
and a]jproaching their decay, or in tiie case of fruits when quite ripe) they separate,
without tearing, into two or more pieces placed end to end. The joints where they
separate are called articulations, each separate piece an article. The uame of joint
is, in common language, given both to the articulation and the article, but more espe-
cially to the former. Some modern botanists, however, propose to restrict it to the
article, giving the name of joining to the articulation.

didymous, when sHghtly two-lobed, witli romided obtuse lobes.

monilform, or beaded, when much contracted at regular intervals, but not sepa-
rating spontaneously iuto articles.

55. In theu" consistence Iieaves or other organs are

Jleshy, wlien thick and soft ; succulent is generally used in the same sense, but
implies the presence of more juice.

coriaceous, when firm and stiS", or very tough, of the consistence of leather.

cmstaceous, when firm and brittle.

memhranous, when thiu and not stiff.

scarious or scariose, when very thin, more or less transparent and not green, yet
rather stiS".

56. The terms appHed botanically to the consistence of sohds are those in general
use in common language.

57. Tlie mode in which unexpanded leaves are disposed in the leaf-bud is called
their vernation or prafoliation ; it varies considerably, and technical terms have been
proposed to express some of its varieties, but it has beeu hitherto rarely noticed m
descriptive botany.

§ 6. Scales, Bracts, and Stipules.

58. Scales (Squamce) are leaves very much reduced in size, usually sessile, seldom
green or capable of performiug the respiratory functions of leaves. In other words,
they are organs resembling leaves in their position on the plant, but differing in size,
colour, textiu-e, and functions. They are most frequent on the stock of perennial
plants, or at the base of aunual branches, especially on tlie buds of future shoots, when
they serve apparently to protect the dormant living germ from the rigour of winter.
In the latter case they are usually short, broad, close together, and more or less imhri-
cated, that is, overlapping each otlier like the tiles of a roof. It is this arrangement
as well as their usual shape that has suggested tiie name of scales, borrowed from the
scales of a fish. Imbricated scales, bracts, or leaves, are said to be squarrose, when
thcir tips are pointed and very spreadiug or recurved.

59. Sometimes, however, most or all the leaves of the plant are reduced to small
scales, in wliich case they do not appear to perform any particular function. The
name of scales is also given to any small broad scale-Iike appeudages or reduced organs,
whether iu the flowcr or any other part of the plant.

60. Bracts {Bracteai) are the upper Icaves of a plant in flower (either all those of
the flowering branches, or only one or two immediately under the flower), when diifer-

Xll IXTKODUCTION.

involiicro, tlioy have been termed a calymJe, ancl the calyx or involucrc saiclto be caltf-
culafe, but these terms are now falling into disuse, as conveying a false impression.

81. A Spatha is a bract or lloral leaf enclosLug the infloi-escence of some Monocoty-
ledons.

82. Falea;, Pales, or Chaff, are the inner bracts or scales in Composiice, Gramineee,
and some other plants, wheu of a thin yet stiff consistence, usually nan-ow aud of a
pale colour.

83. Glumes are the bracts enclosing tlie flowers of Cypei'aceeB and Gramine<E.

§ 8. The Flnicer in General.

84. A com2)Iete Flower (15) is one in which the calyx, corolla, stamens, and pistils
are all present ; a perfect flower, one in which all these organs, or such of them as are
prescnt, are capable of performing their several fimctions. Therefore, properly speak-
ing, au incomplete flower is one in which any one or more of these organs is wantmg ;
and an imperfect flower, one in which any one or more of these organs is so altered as
to be iucapable of jiroperly pcrforming its functions. Thcse impcrfect organs are said
to be ahortive if much reduced m size or efliciency, rudimentary if so much so as to
be scarcely perceptible. But, iu many works, the term incomplete is speciaUy apphed
to those flowers in which the perianth is simple or wanting, and imperfect to those in
■wliich cither the stamens or pistil are imperfect or wanting.

85. A Flower is

dichlamtideom, when the perianth is double, both calyx and corolla being present
and distmct.

monochlamt/deoiis, when the perianth is single, whether by tlie union of the calyx
and corolla, or the deficiency of either.

asepalous, when there is no calyx.

apetalous, when there is no coroUa.

naked, when there is no periantli at all.

hermaphrodite or bisexual, when both stamens and pistil are present and perfect.

male or statninate, whcn there are oue or more stamens, but either no pistU at aU
or an imperfect oue.

female or pistillate, when there is a pistU, but eitlier no stamens at aU, or only
imperfect ones.

neuter, wlien both stamens and pistU are imperfect or wanting.

harren or steri/e, when from any cause it produces no seed.

fertile, when it does produce seed. In some works the terms harren,fertile, and
perfect are also used respectively as synonyms of male,female, and hermaphrodite.

86. The flowers of a plant or species are said coUectively to be unisexual or diclinous
when the flowers are aU either male or female.

moncecious, when the male aud female flowers are distinct, but on the same plant,
dioecious, when the male and female llowers are on distinct plauts.
poli/gamous, wlien there are male, female, and hermaphrodite flowers on the same
or ou chstiuct jflants.

87. A liead of flowers is heterogamous when male, female, hermaphrodite, and neuter
flowers, or any two or three of them, are iuchided in one head ; homogamous, when all
the flowcrs iuchided in one liead are aHke in this respcct. A spike or hcad of flowers
is androgynons wlieu male and female flowers are mixed in it. Tliese terms are only
used iu tiie case of very few Natm-al Orders.

88. As tlie scales of buds are leaves uudeveloped or reduced in size and altered in
shape aud cousistence, and bracts are leaves likewise reduced in size, and occasionaUy
ahored in colour; so the parts of the flower are considored as leaves stiU further ahercd
in shape, eolour, and arrangement round tlie axis, and often more or less combined with
each otlier. The details of this theory constitute the comparatively moderu branch of
botauy caUed T'egetalle Metamorphosis, or Homologg, sometimes improperly termed
Morphology (8).

89. To understand the arrangement of the floral parts, let us take a complete flower,
in which moreover aU the parts &refree from each other, definite in number, /. e. ahvays
the sauie iu the same species, and symmetrical or isomerous, i. e. when each whorl cou-
sists of the same number of parta.

INTROBUCTION. Xlll

90. Siich a completo STmmetvical (lowcr consists usuallv of eitlierfour or fivc wliorls
of iillered leaves (S8), placed iiiimediately one witliin tlie otlier.

The Calyx forms the outer whorl. Its parts are caUcd sejmls.

Thc CoroUa forms tlie next whorl. Its parts, called petals, usually aUernate with
tlie sejials ; that is to say, tlie centre of each petal is inunediately over or within the
intcrval lictwccn two sepals.

The Stamens form one or two whorls witliin the petals. If two, those of tlie outer
whorl (the oiiter stamens) alternate with the petals, and are consequently opj^osite to,
or over the centre of the sepals ; those of the inner whorl (the inner stamens) alternate
with tlie outer ones, and are therefore opposite to the petals. If there is only one
whorl of stamens, they inost frequently alternate witli tlie petals ; but sometimes they
are opjiositc the petals and alternate with the sepals.

Tlie Fistil forms tlie inner whorl ; its carpels usually alteruate with the inner row
of stameus.

91. In an axiUary or lateral flower the vpper parts of each whorl (sepals, pctals,
stamens, or carpels) are tliose which are next to the main axis of the stems or branch,
tlie lower parts those which are furthest from it ; the intermediate ones are said to be
lateral. The words anterior (front) aud posterior (back) are often used for lower and
ui)per respectively, biit their meaning is sometimes reversed if the writer supposes
himself in the centre of tlie flower instead of outside of it.

92. The number of parts in each whorl of a flower is expressed adjectively by the
foUowing numerals derived from the Greek : —

mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, hexa-, hepta, octo-, ennea-, deca-, etc, poly-
1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7-, 8-, 9-, 10-, manij-

prefised to a tennination iudicating the whorl referred to.

93. Thus, a Plower is

disepalous, trisepalous, tetrasepaJous, polysepalous, etc, aecording as there are
2, 3, 4, or many (or an indefinite number of) sepals.

dipefalous, tripetalous, polypetalous, etc, according as there are 2, 3, or many
petals.

diandroits, triandrous, polyandrous, etc, according as there are 2, 3, or many
stamens.

digynovs, trigynous, polyyynoxis, etc, aecording as there ai"e 2, 3, or many carpels.

And generally (if symmetrical), dimerous, trimerous, polymerous, etc, according
as thcre are 2, 3, or many (or an indefinite number of) parts to eacli wliorl.

94. Flowers are nnsymmetrical or anisomerous, strictly speaking, wlien any one of
the whorls has a ditlercnt numbcr of parts from any other; but when the pistils alone
are rcduced in number, the flower is stiU frequently called synnnctrical or isomerous,
if the calys, coroUa, and staminal whorls have aU tlie same numbcr of parts.

95. Flowers are irregular when tlie parto of any one of the whorls are iniequal in
size, dissimilar in shape, or do not sprcad regulaily round the axis at equal distances.
It is however more espcciaUy irregularity of the corolla that is referred to ui descrip-
tions. A shght inequaUty in size or direction in the other whorls does not prevent tlie
flower being classed as regular, if the coroUa or perianth is conspicuous and reguhvr.

§ 9. The Calyx aud CoroIIa, or Perianth.

96. The Calyx (90) is usuaUy green, and smaUer tlian the coroUa ; sometimes very
minute, rudimentary, or wanting, sometimes very indistinctly whorled, or not whorled
at aU, or in two wliorls, or coaiposed of a large number of sepals, of which the outer
oncs pnss graduaUy into bracts, and the inncr ones into petals.

97. Tlic Corolia (90) is usuaUy coloured, and of a more dchcate texture thau the
calyx, aiid, iu ]iopular language, is often more speciaUy meant by the Jtower. Its pctals
arc more rnrcly in two whorls, or indefinite in number, and tlie whorl more rarely
brokcn thau iii the case of the calyx, at least wlien tlic plant is in a nntural state.
Douhleflowers are in most cases an accidental deformity or monster in which the ordi-
nary number of petals is muUiphed by the conversion of stamens, scpals, or even carpels
into petals, by tlic divisiou of ordinai-y petals, or simply by the addition of supernume-
rary ones. Petals are also sometimes very small, rudimcntary, or entirely deficient.

VOL. I. C

XIV IXTRODUCTION.

98. In very many cascs, a so-called simple perianth (15) (of which the pavts are
usiially callecl leaves or segi(ients) is one iu which tlie scpals ancl petalsare similar in form
and texture, and present apparently a single wlior). But if cxamined in the youug bud,
one half of the parts will generally be found to be placed outside thc other half, and
there will frcquently be sorae shght differcnce in tcxture, sizc, and colour, indicating to
tlie close observer the presence of botii calyx and corolla. Hence much discrepancy in
descriptive works. Where one botauist describcs a siniple perianth of six segments,
another will speak of a double perianth of threc sepals and three petaLs.

99. Tlie following ternis and prefixes, expressive of the modifications of form and
arrangcment of the coroUa and its petals, are equally applicable to thc calyx aiid its
sepals, and to the simple perianth and its segments.

100. The Corolla is said to be monopetalous when the petals are united, either en-
tirely or at the base only, into a cup, tube, or ring ; polypetalous when they are all
frce from the base. These expressions, established by a long usage, are uot strictly
corrcct, for monopeialous (consisting of a single petal) shoidd apply rather to a corolla
rcally reduccd to a single petal, which wo\dd then be on one side of tlie axis ; aud
poh/pefa/ous is sometimes used more appropriately for a corolla with an indcfinite
number of petals. Some modern botanists liave thereforc proposed the term f/amo-
petalous for the corolla with united petals, and dialiipetalons for that with fi-ee petals ;
biil the old-establishcd expressions are still the most generally used.

101. When the pctals are partially imited, the lowcr entire portion of the coroUa is
called tlie titbe, whatevcr be its sha])e, and the free portions of the petals are called the
ieeth, lobes, or sec/ments (39), aceording as they are short or long in proportion to the
whole Icngth ot the corolla. When the tube is excessively short, the petals appear at
first siglit free, but their slight union at the base must be carefully attended to, being
of importance in elassification.

102. The .Sstivation of a corolla, is the arrangement of the petals, or of siich
portion of them as is frce, in the unexpauded bud. It is

valvate, when they are strictly whorled in their whole length, their edges heing
placed against each other without overlapping. If the edges are mucli inflexcd, the
festivation is at the same time induplicate ; invohite, if the margins are rolled inward ;
reduplicate, if the margins project outwards into salient angles ; revohtte, if the
margins are rolled outwards ; plicate, if the petals are folded in longitudinal plaits.

imbricate, when the whorl is moi-c or less broken by some of the petals being out-
side the others, or by thcir overlapping each other at least at the top. Five-petaled
imbricate coroUas are quincuncially imbricate when one petal is outside, and an adjoin-
ing one whoUy inside, the three others intermediate aud overlapping on one side ;
hilabiate, when two adjoining ones are inside or outside the three others. Imbricate
petals are described as crumpled {corrugafe) when puckered irregularly in the bud.

twisted, contorted, or convolute, when each petal overlaps an adjoining one on one
side, and is overlapiicd by the otlier adjoiuiug onc on thc other side. Some botanists
includc the twistcd wstivation in thc general term imbricate ; others carefully distin-
guish the one from the other.

103. In a few cases the overlapping is so slight that the three sestivations cannot
easily be disthiguished oue from the other ; in a few others the sestivation is variable,
evcn in the same species, but, in geueral, it sujjplies a constant character in species, in
gencra, or even in Natural Orders.

lOl. In general shapc tlie Corolla is

tubular, when the whole or the greater part of it is in the form of a tube or
cylinder.

campanulate, when approacliing in some measure the shape of a cup or bell.

urceolate, when the tube is swoUen or nearly globular, contracted at tlie top, and
slightly expanded again in a narrow rim.

rotate or stellate, whcn tlie petals or lobes are spread out horizontally from the
base, or nearly so, like a whecl or star.

hypoerateriform or salver-shaped, when the lower part is cylindrical and the upper
portion expanded horizontally. In tliis case thc name of tulje is rcstrictcd to the
cylmdrical part, and the horizontal portion is called the limb, whethcr it be divided to
the base or not. The orifice of tlie tube is called its mouth or throat.

INTEODUCTION. XV

infuiuJihuliform ovfunnel-shaped, when tlie tiibe is cylindrical at the base, but en-
largecl at the top iuto a more or less campauulate hmb, of which the lobes ofteu spread
liorizontally. In this case the campanulate part, up to the commencement of the
lobes, is sonietimes cousidered as a portion of tlie tube, sometimes as a portion of the
Hmb, aud bv some botanists again described as independeut of either, under the name
oi throat (fauce.s). Generally speaking, liowever, iu campauuhite, iufundibTdiform, or
other corollas, where the lower eutire part passes gradually into tlie vipper divided and
more spreadiug part, the distinction between the tube and the limb is drawn either at
tlie poiut where the lobes separate, or at the part where the corolla first expands, ac-
cording to which is the most marked.

105. Irregular corollas have received various names according to the more famihar
forms they have beeu compared to. Some of tlie most importaut are the

hilahiate or tioo-lipped corolla, when, iu a foiu*- or five-lobed coroUa, the two or
three uppcr lobes stand obviously apart, hke an upper lip, from the two or three lower
oiies or under lip. In Orchidece and some other famihes the name of lip, or lahelliim,
is giveu to oue of the divisions or lobes of the perianth.

personate, wheu two-hpped, aud the orifice of the tube closed by a projectiou from
tlie base of the upper or lower hp, called a palate.

ringent, when very strongly two-hpped, and the orifice of the tube very open.

spurred, when the tube or the lower part of the petal has a conical hollow jjrojec-
tion, corapared to the spur of a cock ; saccate, wheu the spur is short aud rouud hke a
little bag ; gibbous, wheu projectiug at any part iuto a sliglit swelliug ; foceolate, when
marked in auy part with a shght glandular or thickeued cavity.

resupinate or reversed, when a lip, spur, etc, which in allied species is usually
lowest, lies uppermost, aud vice versd.

106. The above terms are mostly applied to the forms of monopetalous corollas, but
several are also applicable to those of polypetalous oues. Terms descriptive of the
special forms of corolla in certain Natural Oi'ders, will be explaiued uuder those
Orders res|)ectivcly.

107. Most of tho terms used for describing the forms of leaves (39, 45) are also ap-
plicable to those of individual petals ; but thc flat expauded portion of a petal, cor-
respoudiug to the blade of the leaf, is called its lamina, and the stalk, correspoudiug
to the petiole, its claiv {unguis). The stalked petal is said to be unr/uiculate.

§ 10. The Stamens.

108. Although in a few cases the outer stamens niay gradually pass into petals, yet,
in general, Stamens are very difierent iu shape and aspect froni leaves, sepals, or
pctals. It is ouly ui a theoretical pouit of view (uot tlie less imijortaut in the study
of the physiological economy of the plant) that tliey cau be called altered leaves.

109. This usual form is a stalk, called the filament, bearing at the top au anther
divided iuto two pouches or cells. These anther-cclls are fillod witli pollen, consisting
of minute graius, usually formiug a yellow dust, which, wheu the flower expands, is
scattercd froiu au opeuing in each cell. When ihe two cells are not closely contiguous,
the portion of the auther that unites them is called the connectivum.

110. TJie filameut is ofteu wauting, aud the antlier sessile, yet still the stamen is
perfect ; but if the auther, which is the esscutial part of the staraen, is wauting, or
does not contaiu poUen, the stamen is imperfect, aud is thcn said to be harren or sterile
(without poUeu), abortive, or rudimentary (81), accordiug to the degi-ee to which the
imperfectiou is carried. Imijerfect stamens are often called staminodia.

111. In unsymmetrical Gowers, the stamens of each whorl are sometimes reduccd in
number below that of the petals, even to a single one, and in several Natural Orders
they are multiplied indefiuitely.

112. The terms monandrous and polyandrous are restrieted to flowers which have
really but one stameu, or an indefinite number respectively. Where several stamens
arc united into one, the flower is said to be synandrous.

113. Stamens are

monadelphous, when uuited by their filaraents into one cluster. This cluster either

c 2

X\n INTRODUCTION,

forms a tube round tlic pistil, or, if tlic pistil is waiiting, occupies the centrc of tlio
flovver.

diadelpTiows, vrlien so united into two clusters. The term is more especially ap
plied to certain Ler/uminosfS, in whieh nine stamcns ai'e luiited in a tube sht 0])eu on
tlie upper side, and a tcuth, placcd in tlie sht, is free. In some othcr plants tlie sta-
mens are equally distributcd in tlie two chistcrs.

triadelphous, pentadelphous, polyadelplious, wlien so united into thrcc, fivc, or
many chisters.

siingenesious, when united by tlicir anthcrs iu a ring roimd the pistil, the filanicnts
usuahy rcmaining free.

didynamous, whcn (usually in a bilabiate flower) th.cre arc foxu' stamcns in two
paira, those of one pair longer than those of thc other.

telradynamous, when (in Cruciferce) there are six, four of thcm longer than the
two otlicrs.

exserted, wlien longcr than the corolla, or even when longcr tlian its tubc, if tlie
limb bc vcry sprcading.

114. An Anther (109) is

adnate, wlicn continuous with the filamcnt, the anther-ccUs appearing to he thcir
whole length along tlie upper part of the filament.

innate, when firmly attaclied by their base to thc filament. Tliis is hkc an adnate
anther, but ratlicr more distinct from the filament.

versatile, when attached by their back to the very point of thc filament, so as to
swing looscly.

115. Anthcr-ccUs may be j)arallel or diverying at a lcss or greatcr angle ; or diva-
ricate, wlicn placed cnd to cnd so as to form one straight hne. The cnd of cacli an-
thcr-ccll placed nearest to fhe otlicr ccll is gencrally called its apex or summit, aiid
the other end its base (36) ; but some botanists reverse the scnse of thcse terms.

116. Anthers have often, on their conncctivum or cells, appcndagcs termed bristles
(sctse), spurs, crests, points, glands, etc., according to thcir appearance.

117. Authers liave occasionahy only one ccU : this may take place cither by the dis-
appearance of the partition betwecn two closely contiguous celis, when thesc cells aro
said to be conflwnt ; or by thc abortion or total dcficiency of one of the cclls, when
tlic anther is said to be dimidiate.

118. Anthers will open or deliisce to let out tlie pollen, hke capsules, in valves, pores,
or slits. Tlunr dehiscence is introrse, when the opening faces tlie pistU ; exlrorse,
when towards tlie circumfcrcnce of the flowcr.

119. rollen (109) is not always in the form of dust. It is sometimes collectcd in
each cell into one or two littJc wax-like masscs. Special tcrms uscd in describing thcse
masses or otlier modifications of tlic pollen will be explaiued under the Orders where
tliey occur.

§ 11. TJie Pistil.

120. Thc carpels (91) of the Pistil, although they may occasionally assumc, rather
morc than stamcns, tlic appcarancc and colour of leaves, are still niorc diflTercnt in
shape and structure. Tliey are usually scssile ; if stalkcd, tlicir stalk is callcd a podo-
carp. This stalk, upon which each separatc carpel is supjiorted above thc reccptacle,
must not be confouuded with i\\Q gynobasis (113), npon which thc whole pistilis soine-
times raiscd'.

121. Each carpcl consists of three parts :

1. The Ovary, or cnLirgcd basc, which includes one or more cavities or cells, con-
taining one or more small bodics callcd ovules. These are the earlicst condition of the
future seeds.

2. the Style, procccding from the summit of thc ovary, and sujiporting —

3. tlie Stig^ma, wliich is sometimes a pohit (or punctiform stigma) or small hcad
(a capitate stigma) at thc top of the style or ovary, sometimcs a portion of its surface
morc or lcss latcral and variously shapcd, distinguishcd by a looser texture, and covered
witli minutc protuberances called papHlce.

122. Tlie style is often wautiug, and the stigma is then sessile on the ovary, but in

JNTKODUCTION. XVU

the perfect pistil there is always at least one ovule in the ovary, and some portion of
stigmatic surface. Without these the pistil is impcrfect, and said to be barren (iiot
setting seed), aboriive, or rudimentary (84), according to the dcgree of imperfection.

123. The ovarj being the essential part of the pistil, most of the terms relating \o
the nuniber, arrangement, etc, of the carpels, apply specially to their ovaries. In some
works each separate carpel is called a pistil, all those of a tlowcr constituting together
the gijuixciuin ; bnt this term is in little use, and the word pistil is more geiierally
apphed in a collective sense. When tho ovaries are at all united, they ai"e commonly
terined collectively a compound ovary.

124. The number of carpels or ovaries iu a flovvsr is frequcntly reduced below that
of tlie parts of the other floral whorls, even in flowers othervvise symmetrical. In a
very fcw genera, however, the ovaries are more numerous than the petals, or indefinite.
G'hey are in that case either arranged in a single wliorl, or form a head or spike in the
centre of the flower.

125. Tlie terms nionogynous, di/jfynotis, polygynotis, etc. (with a pistil of one, two, or
more parts), are vaguely used, applying sometimesto thewhole pistil, sometimes to the
ovai-ies alone, or to the styles or stigmas only. Wliere a more precise nomenclature is
adopted, the flower is

monocarpellary, when the pistil consists of a single simple carpeh

hi-, tri; etc, io •poly-carpellary, when tlie pistil eoiasists of two, three, or an inde-
finite number of carpels, whether separate or united.

syncarpotis, when the carpels or their ovaries are more or lcss united into one
compound ovary.

apocarpous, wlien the carpels or ovaries are all free and distinct.

126. A compound ovary is

uniloctdar or one-celled, when there are no pai"titions between the ovules, or wlien
these partitions do not meet in the eentre so as to divide the cavity into several cells.

plurilociilar or several-celled, vvhen completely divided into two or more cells by
partitions called dissepiments {sejjta), usually vertical and radiating fi'om the centre or
axis of tlie ovary to its circumference.

bi-, tri-, etc, to muUi-locular, according to the number of tliese ceUs, two, thrce,
'etc, or many.

127. In general the number of cells or of dissepimeiits, complete or partial, or of
rows of ovuies, corresponds with that of tlie carpels, of whicli the pistil is composed.
But somctimcs each carpel is divided completely or partially into two ccUs, or has two
rows of ovules, so that the number of carpels appears double what it really is. Some-
times again the carpcls are so complctely combined and reduced as to form a single cell,
with a single ovule, ahhough it really consist of several carpels. But in tlicse casesthe
ovary is usuaDy described as it appears,as well as sucli as it is theoreticallysupposed to be.

128. In apocarpous pistils the styles are usually free, each bearing its ovvn stigma.
Very rarely the greater part of the styles, or tlie stigmas alone, are united, whilst the
ovaries remain distinct.

129. Syncarpous flowers are said to have

several styles, when tlie styles are fi'ee from the base.

one style, witk several branches, when tlie styles are connected at the base, but
separate below the pomt wliere the stigmas or stigmatic surfaces commence.

one simple styJe, loith several stigmas, wlien united up to tlie point where the
stigmas or stigmatic surfices commence, and then separating.

one simple style, with a hranched, lobed, toothed, notched, or entire stigma (as the
case may be), when the stigmas also are more or less united. In many works, how-
ever, this precise nomcnclatm-e is not strictly adliered to, and considerable confusion is
often the result.

130. In general tlie number of styles, or branches of the style or stigma, is the same
as that of the carpels, but sometimes that number is doublcd, cspecially in the stigmas,
and sometimes the stigmas are dicliotomously or pinnatcly branched, or penicillate,
that is, divided into a tuft of hair-like brauches. AIl thcse variations somctimes make
it a difficult task to determine the number of carpels forming a compound ovary, but
the [loint is of considerable importance in fixing the afliuilies of plants, and, by careful

XVIU INTRODUCTION.

conskleration, thc rcal as wcU as the apparcut number has now in most cascs beeu
agi-eed upon.

131. The Placenta is the part of the inside of the OTary to which the ondes are
attached, somcthnes a mei-e poiut or linc on the inner surface, ofteu more or lcss thick-
cncd or raised. Placentation is therefore tlie mcUcatiou of the part of the ovary to
which the ovules are attached.

132. Placentas are

axile, when the ovules are attached to tlie axis or centre, that is, in pkirilocular
ovarics, when they are attached to the inner augle of each cell ; iu uniloculur simple
ovaries, wliich have ahnost alwajs an excentrical style or stigma, when thc ovides are
attached to the side of the ovary ncarest to the style ; in uuilocular compound ovaries,
whcn tlie ovides are attached to a central protubcrance, column, or asis rising up from
thc basc of the cavity. If this colimm does not reach the top of the cavity, the pla-
centa is said to bcyreeand central.

parietal, wheu the ovules are attached to the inner surface of tlie cavity of a one-
cellcd compound ovary. Parietal placeutas are usually sliglitly thickencd or raised
lincs, sometimes broad surfaces nearly eovering the inner surface of the cavity, some-
timcs projeeting far into the cavity, aud constituting partial dissepimeuts, or eveu
meeting iu tlie centre, but without cohering there. In tlio latter case the distinction
betwecn tlie one-celled and the sevcral-celled ovary sometimes almost disappears.

133. Each Ovule (121), when fuUy formed, usually consists of a ccntral mass or
nucleus enclosed in two bag-hke coats, the outcr one callcd ^jrimine, the inncr one
secundine. The chalaza is the poiut of tlie ovule at whicli the base of the nuclcus is
confluent with the coats. The foramen is a minute apcrtm'c in the coats over the
apex of thc niiclcus.

131. Ovules are

orthotropous or straight, when the chalaza coincidcs with the base (36) of the
ovule, and the foramen is at the opposite extremity, thc axis of the ovule being straight.

campylotropous or incurved, wlien the chalaza still coinciding with the base of
the ovidc, tlie axis of the ovide is eurved, bringing the foramen dowu more or less to-
wards that basc.

anatropous or inverted, whcn the chalaza is at the apex of the ovule, and tlie "
foramcn uext to its base, the axis rcmaining straiglit. In this, oncof the most frequeut
forms of the ovule, the ehalaza is connected witli the base by a cord, called the raphe,
adhering to one side of tlie ovidc, aud becoming more or lcss incorporatod with its
coats, as the ovule enlarges into a seed.

amphitropous or half-inoerted, wheu the ovide being asit were attaehed laterally,
the chalaza and foramen at opposite ends of its straight or ciu-ved axis are about equally
distant frora the base or point of attachmcnt.

§ 12. The Receptacle and Relative Attachment of the Floral Whorls.

135. Thc Receptacle or tortis is the extremity of the peduncle (abovc the calyx),
upon which the coroha, stamens, aud ovary are insertcd. It is somctimcs httle moi-e
tlian a uiere poiut or minute liemisphcre, but it is often also more or lcss eiongated,
tliickcncd, or othcrwise culargcd. It must not be confounded witli the rcccptacle of
inflorcscence (7-1).

13(5. A Disk, or disc, is a circular enlargement of tlie rcccptacle, usually ui the form
of a cup {cupular), of a flat disk or quoit, or of a cushion (pulvinate). It is cither
immcdiatcly at the baso of the ovary withiu the stamens, or betweeu the pctals aud
stamciis, or bears the petals or stamens or both on its margin, or is quite at the ex-
trcmity of the receptacle, wilh tlie ovaries arranged in a ring rouud it or under it.

137. The disk may be entire, or foothed, or lobed, or divided into a number of parts,
usuaUy equal to or twiee that of tlic stamcns or carpcls. Wlicu thc parts of Ihe disk
arc quite scparatc and short, thcy arc oftcu callcd glands.

138. Neclaries, are eitlu-r the cHsk, or small dclbnned petals, or abortive stameus,
or appcndagcs at the basc of petals or stameus, or any small bodics witliiu tlic flower
wiiich do not look Uke petals, stamens, or ovarics. Thc^y wcre formerly supposed to

INTRODUCTION. XIX

supply bees with their honey, and the term is frequently to be met with in the older
Floras, biit is now deservedly going out of use.

139. "When tlie disk bears the petals and stamens, it is frequently adhercnt to, and
apparently forms part of, the tube of the calyx, or it is adherent to, and apparently
forms part of, the ovary, or of both calyx-tube and ovary. Hence tlie three following
important distinctions in the relative insertion of the floral whorls.

140. Petals, or as it is fi-equently expressed, flowers, are

hypogynous {i. e. imder the ovary), when they or the disk that bears them are en-
tirely free both from tlie ealyx and ovary. Tlie ovary is then described as free or su-
perioi; the calyx as free or iiiferior, the petals as being iiiserfed on the receptacle.

perigi/nous {i. e. roinid the ovary), when the disk bcaring tlie petals is quite free
from the ovary, but is more or less combined with the basc of the calyx-tube. The
ovary is then still described as free or superior, even thougli the combined disk and
calyx-tube may form a deep cup with the ovary lying in tlie bottom ; the calyx is said
to hefree or iiferioi; and the petals are described as insertecl on the calgx.

epigynous {i. e. upon the ovary), when the di.sk bearing tbepetals is combinedboth
with the base of the calyx-tube and the base outside of tlie ovary ; either closiug over
the ovary so as only to leave a passage for the style, or leaving raore or less of the top
of the ovary free, but always adhering to it above the levcl of the insertion of thelowest
ovule (except in a very few cases where the ovules arc absohitely suspended from the
top of the cell). In epigynous ilowers the ovary is described as adherent or iiferior,
the calyx as adhereiit or superior, the petals as inserted on or ahove the ovary. In
some works, however, most epigynous flowers are inchided in tlie perigynous ones, and
a very different meaning is given to the term epigynous (144), and there areafew cases
where no positive distinction can be drawn between the epigynous and perigynous
flowers, or again between the perigynous and hypogynous flowers.

141. When there are no petals, it is the insertion of the Siamens that determines
the difierence between the liypogynous, perigynous, and epigynous flowers.

142. ^Ylien there are both jjetals and stamens,

in hypogynous flowers, tlie petals and stamens are usually free from each other,
but sometimes they are combined at the base. In that case, if the petals are distinct
from eacli other, and the stamens are monadelphous, the petals are often said to be
inserted on or combmed with the staininal tube ; if the corolla is gamopetalous and the
stamens distinct from each other, the latter are said to be inserted in the Liihe of the
corolla.

in perigynous flowers, the stamens are usually inserted immediately within the
petals, or alternating with them on the eclge of the disk, but occasionally much lower
down withui the disk, or even on the unenlarged part of the receptacle.

in epigATious flowers, when the petals are cUstinct, the stamens are usually inserted
as in perigynous flowers ; when tlie coroUa is gamopetalous, tlie stamens are either free
and hypogynous, or combined at the base with (inserted in) the tube of the coroUa.

143. Wlien the receptacle is distinctly clongated below the ovary, it is often called
ft gynobasis, gynophore, or stalk of the ovary. If the elongation takes place belowthe
stamens or below the petals, tliese stamens or petals are then said to be inserted on the
stalk of the ovary, and are occasionally, bvit falsely, described as epigynous. ReaUy
epigynous stamens {i. e. when the fxJaments are combined with the ovary) are very rare,
unless tlie rest of the flower is epigynous.

144. An epigynous disk is a name givcn either to the thickencd summit of the ovary
in epigynous flowers, or very rarely to a real disk or enlargement of the receptacle
closing over the ovary.

145. In the relative position of any two or more parts of the flower, whether in the
same or m different whorls, they are

conniveiit, when ncarer together at the summit than at the base.

divergent, when furtlier apart at the simnnit than at the base.

coherent, when imited together, but so sliglitly that they can be separated with
httle or no laceration ; and one of the two cohering parts (usually the smaUest or least
important) is said to be adherent to the other. GramniatiuaUy speakiug, these two
terms convey nearly the same meaning, but requu-e a different form of phrase ; prac-

XX INTRODUCTION.

tically liowever it has becn found inorc convenient to rcstrict co/iesiou (o tlic nnion of
parts of the same whorl, and adhesion to the nnion of parts of different wliorls.

connate, when so closelv uuitcd that they cannot be separatcd without laceration.
Eacli of tlie two connate parts, and especially that one whichis considerod the smaller
or of the least importancc, is said to be ndnate to tlie other.

free, wlicn neithcr coherent nor connate.

distinct is aiso nsed in the same sense, but is also apphcd to parts distinctly \isible
or distinctly limited.

§ 13. Tke Fniit.

146. The Pruit (15) consists of the ovary and whatever other parts of tlie flowcr are
j>ersistent (i. e. persist at the time the seed is ripe), nsually enlarged, and more or less
5ilti'red in shape and consistcnce. It cncloses or covers the seed or sceds till thc period
of maturity, whcn it eithcr opeas for thc seed to escape, or falls to the groimd vvith the
secd. Wlicn stalked, its stalk has been termed a carpQphore.

147. Fruits are, in elementary works, said to be siinple when the result of a single
flowcr, compouiid when they proceed from scveral flowers closely packed or combincd
in a head. l!ut as a fruit resulting from a single flower, with several distinct carpels,
is compouud in the sense in which tliat term is applied to the ovary, the terms siaijle
and aggreijate, proposed for the fruit rcsidting from one or several flowers, may bc more
appropriateiy adoptcd. In descriptive botany a fruitis ahvays supposed to rcsidt from
a single flower nnlcss tlie eontrary be stated. It may, like tlie pistil, be syncai'pous
or apocarpous (125) ; and as in many cases earjiels unitcd iu the flower may become
sejiarate as they ripen, an apocarpous fruit may result from a syncarpous pistil.

148. The involucre or bracts often persist and form part of aggregate frvuts, but vcry
seldom so iu siiigle ones.

149. Tlie receptacle becomes occasionally enlarged and succulent ; if whcn ripc it
falls ofi' with rhe fruit, it is considered as forming part of it.

150. The adlierent part of the calyx of epigynous flowci's always pcrsists and forms
part of the fruit ; the free part of the ealyx of epigyuous flovvers or the calyx of perigy-
nous flowers, eitlicr pcrsists cntircly at the top of or round the fruit, or thc lobes alone
fall oir, or the lobcs fall oif with wliatever part of tlic calyx is above thc hi.sevtion of
the pctals, or tlie wliole of what is free frora the ovary falls otf, including tiie disk bear-
ing tlic petals. The calyx of iiypogynous flowers usnally falls otT entircly or persists
entircly. In general a calyx is called deciduous if any part falls ofl'. Wiien it pcrsists
it is eitlier enlarged round or under the fruit, or it withers and di'ies up.

151. The corolla iisually falls ofF entircly ; when it persists it is usually withered
and dry {ina rcescent) , or very seldom enlargcs round the fruit.

152. Tlic staniens eithcr iall olf, or more or less of their filamcnts pcrsists, iisually
witlicred and dry.

1'>'A. Thc style sometimes falls off or cb'ics up aud disappears ; sometimcs persists,
forming a point to the fruit, or bcconies enlargcd into a wing or other appendagc to
the fruit.

154. The Pericarp is tli(> jiortioii of the fruit fornied of the ovary, and whatever ad-
heres to it exelusive of and outsidc of tlie seed or seeds, exclusive also of the persistent
receptacle, or of whatever portiou of Ihe calyx persists round the ovary without adhe-
ring to it.

155. Fruits have often extcrnal apjiendages called winqs (alw), heaks, crests, aions,
etc, according to their appearance. Tlicy are either foi-med by persisteut partsof thc
flower more or lcss altered, or grow out of the ovary or the jicrsistcnt jiart of thc
calyx. If the ajijicndagc be a ring of hairs or scales round the top of the frnit, it is
called a papptis.

15(5. Fruits are generally dividcd into succident (iiicluding Jleshy, pulpy, and juicif
fruits) and dr-y. Thcy arc dehisccnt when they ojieii at maturity to let out the seeds,
indehisecnt whcn tliey do not ojicn spontaneously but fall olf with the seeds. Succu-
lent fruits are usually indehisccnt.

157. Thc jjrincipal kinds of succulent friuts are

the Berry, in which the wholo siibstance of the jiericarp is fleshy or puljty, with

INTRODUCTION. XXI

the oxception of the outer skiu or rind, called the Epicarp. The seeds theinselves ave
iisii;illy innncrsed in the pulp ; but in somc berries, the seeds are sepanited from the
pulp by thc walls of the cavity or cclls of the ovary, which forms as it were a thin inuer
skiu or riud, called tlie Endocarp.

thc Driipe, in which the pericarp, wlien ripe, consists of two distinct portions, an
outer succulcut one called tlie Sarcocarp (covcred like the berry by a skin or epicarp),
aud an iuuer dry endocarp called the Putamen, which is either cartilaginoiis (of the
cousisteuce of parchment) or hard aud woody. In the latter case it is commonly
called a stone, aud the drupe a stone-fruit. When the putamen consists of several
distinct stones or nuts, each enclosiug a seed, tuey ai-e called pyrenes, or sometimes
Jcernels.

158. The priucipal kinds of dry fruits are

the Capsule or Pod,* which is dehisceut. When ri]3e the pericarp usually splits
lougitudinally iuto as mauy or twice as many pieces, called valves, as it coutaius cells
or placcutas. If these valves separate at the line of juuctiou of the carpels, that is, along
the liiie of the placentas or dissepiments, either sphttiug them or leaving them attached
to tlie axis, the dehiscence is termed septicidal ; if the valves separate between the
placentas or dissepiment, the dehiscence is locidicidal, aud the valves either bear the
placentas or dissepimeuts along their middle line, or leave them attached to the axis.
Sometimes also the capsule diseharges its seeds by .lUts, chinls, or pores, more or lcss
regularly arranged, or bm-sts irregularly, or separates iuto two parts by a horizoutal
liuc ; iu tlie latter case it is said to be circumsciss.

the yiit or Achene, which is indehisceut and contains but a single seed. When the
IDcricarp is thin in proportion to the seed it eucloses, the whole fruit (or each of its
lobes) has the appearance of a single seed, and is so called in popular lauguage. If the
pericarp is thin aud rather loose, it is ofteu called an Utricle. A Samara is a nut with
a wiug at its upper eud.

159. Where the carpels of the pistil are distinct (125) they may severally becomo
as many distiuct berries, drupes, capsules, or acheues. Separate carpels are usually
more or less compressed laterally, with more or less promineut iuuer aud outer
edges, called sutures, and, if dehisceut, the carpel usually opens at these sutiu-es. A
Follicle is a carpel openiug at the iuuer suture only. In some cases where the carpels
are united iu the ])istil they will separate wheu ripe ; they are then called Cocci if oue-
seeded.

160. The peculiar fruits of some of the large Orders have received special uames,
which will be explained mider each Order. Such are the siliqna and siUcuIe of Cruci-
ferffi, the legume of Leguminosse, the pome of Pyrus and its allies, the pepo of Cucur-
bitacese, the cone of Couiferte, the grain or cargopsis of Graminese, etc.

§ 11. The Seed.

161. Tlie Seed is enclosed in the pericarp in the great majority of floweriug plauts,
called tlierefore Angiosperms, or angiospermous plants. In ConifercB and a very few
allied genera, called Crynmosperms, or gymnospermous plants, the seed is naked, without
any real pericarp. These truly gymnospermous plants must not be confouuded wilh
LahiatfB, BoraginecB, etc, whicli "have also beeu falsely called gymnospermous, their
small nuts having the appearance of seeds (158).

162. The seed wlieu ripe contains an embryo or young j^lant, eitlier filliug or nearly
fiUiug the cavity, but not attached to the outer skin or the seed, or more or less im-
mersed in a mealy, oily, fleshy, or horn-like substance, called the alhumen, or peri-
sperm. The presence or absence of this albumen, that is, the distinction between alhu-
minous and exalhuminous sccds, is one of great importance. The embryo or albumen
cau often only be found or distiuguished when the seed is quite ripe, or sometimes only
when it begius to germinate.

163. The shell of the seed consists usuaUy of two separable coats. The outer coat,
called the testa, is usually the principal one, and in raost cases the only one attended
to in deseriptions. It niay be hard aud crustaceous, woody or bony, or thin and mem-

* InEnglish descriptions, pod is niore frequenUy used when it is long and uarrow; eapsule, or
sometimes />OMcA, when it is short and thick or broad.

XXU INTUODUCTION.

braiwus (skin-like), dry, or rarely succulent. It is sometimes cxpanded into inngs,
or bears a tuft of hair, cottou, or wool, called a coina. Tlio iuner coat is called the
teffmeii.

16 i. The funicle is the stalk hy whicli the sced is attached to the placenta. It is
occasionally enlarged into a membrauous, pTdpy, or fleshy appendage, sometimes spread-
ing over a considerable part of tlie seed, or nearly enclosing it, called an aril. A stro-
phiole or canixcle is a similar appendage proceeding from the testa by the side of or
near the fimicle.

165. The hilum is the scar left on the seed wbere it separatcs from the funicle. The
microiitile is a mark indicating the position of the foramen of the ovule (133).

166. The Embryo (162) consists of the Eadicle or base of the future root, one or
two Cotyledons or futin-e seed-leaves, and the Plunw.le or future bud within tlie base
of tlie cotyledons. In some seeds, especially where there is no albumen, these several
parts are very conspicuous, in others tliey are very difficult to disting\iish uutil the
seed begins to germinate. Their observation, however, is of tlic greatest importauce,
for it is chiefly upon the distiuction between the embryo vvith oue or with two coty-
ledons that are foimded the two great classcs of pha'uogamous pLmts, Monocoiyledons
and Dicofi/ledons.

167. Although the embryo lies loose (unattached) within thc seed, it is geuerally
in some determinate position with respect to the seed or to the wholc fruit. This
position is described by statiug the direction of the radicle next to or more or less
remotc from the hilum, or it is said to be superior if poiuting towards the summit of
thefruit, inferior if pointing towards the base of thejruit.

§ 15. Acccssori/ Oryans.

168. Under this name are inchided, in many elcmentary works, various extemal
parts of plants wliich do uot appcar to act any essential part eitlier in tlie vcgetation
or reproduction of the plant. They may be classed under four heads : Tendrils and
Hooks, Thorns aud Prickles, Hairs, and Glands.

169. Tendrils (cirrhi) are visually abortive petioles, or abortive peduncles, or some-
tiraes abortive ends of branches. They are simplc or more or less branched, flexible,
and coil more or less flrmly round any objects witliin their reach, in order to support
the plaut to whicli they belong. Hooks are similar holdfasts, but of a firmer consis-
tence, uot branched, and less coilcd.

170. Thorns and Prickles have been faucifidly called the weapous of plants.
A Thorn or Spine is Iho strougly pointcd extremity of a branch, or abortive petiole, or
abortivc peduuck\ A Prickle is a sharply pointcd excresccnce from the epidermis,
and is usually produced on a branch, on the pctiole or veius of a lcaf, or on a pcdunde,
or tvei\ on the calyx or corolla. "Wlien the teeth of a leaf or the stipides are pungent,
they are also called pricMes, not thorns. A plant is spinous if it has thorns, aculeate
if it lias prickles.

171. Hairs, iu thc general sense, or the indtmentnm (or clothing) of a plant, in-
clude all thosc productions of tlie epidennis which havc, by a more or less appropriate
comparison, bcen termed hristles, hairs, doirn, cotton, or wool.

172. Hairs are often branclicd. Tliey arc said to be attached hy the centre, if
partcd from tlic base, and the forks sprcad ak)ug the surface in opposite direetions ;
phimosp, Lf tlie branches are arranged along a common axis, as iu a fcather ; stellate,
if sevoral branchcs radiate horizoutally. These stellate hairs have somctimcs their
rays connected together at tlie base, formiug Httle flat circular disks attachcd by thc
ceutrc, aud are thcn called scales, aud the sm-face is said to bc scaly or lepidote.

173. The Epidermis, or outer skin, of an organ, as to its sm-facc and iudumentum, is
.-mooth, when without any protubcrance whatever.

fflnhroiis, when without hairs of any kind.

striate, whcn marked with parallel longitudinal lines, either shghtly raised or
mcrcly discoloiu"ed.

furrowed (sulcate) or ribhed {i-ostale) when the parallel Unes are more distinctly
raised.

INTRODUCTION. XXIU

rn/jose, when \Trinkled or marked witli in-egular raised or depressed lines.

umbilicafe, when luarked with a small round depression.

umhonate, when bearing a small boss hke that of a sliiekh

viscous, viscid, or glutinous, when covered with a sticky or clammy exudation.

sciilrous, when rough to the tonch.

tiiberculate or warted, when covered with small, obtuse, wart-hkc protuberances.

muricate, when the protuberances are more raised aiid pomted but yet short and
hard.

echinate, when the pi'otuberances are longer and sharper, almost prickly.

setose or bristly, when bearing very stiff ercct straight hairs.

glandular-setose, when the setoe or bristles terminate in a minute resinous head or
drop. In some works, especiaUy in the case of lioses and Ruhus, the meauing oi setcB
has been resti-icted to such as are glandidar.

glochidiate, when the setse are hooked at the top.

j)ilose, when the surface is thinly sprinkled with rather long simple hairs.

hisjjid, when raore thickly covered with rather stiff hairs.

kirsute, when tiie hairs are dense and not so stiff.

downti ov pubescent, when the hairs ai'e short and soft ; pnberulent, when shghtly
pubescent.

strigose, when the hairs are rather short and stiif, and he close along the surface
all in the same direction ; strigillose, when shghtly strigose.

tomentose or cottony, when the hairs are very short and soft, rather dense and
more or less intricate, and nsuaUy white or whitisli.

wooUy {lanate), when the hairs are long and loosely intricate, like wooh Tlie
wool or tomentum is said to be floecose wheu closely intricate and readily detached,
hke fleece.

mealy {farinose), when the hairs are excessively short, intricate and white, and
come off readily, having the appearance of meal or dust.

canescent or hoary, when the liairs are so short as not readily to be distinguished
by the naked eye, and yet give a general whitish hue to the epidermis.

glaucous, when of a pale bhiish-green, often covered witli a fine bloom.

174. The meanings liere attached to the above terms are such as appear to have beeu
most generally adopted, but there is much vagueness in the use practically made of
inanv of them by different botanists. This is especially the case with the terms pilose,
hispid, hirsute, puhescent, and tomentose.

175. The name of Glands is given to several different productious, and principally
to the four foUowing : — ^

1. SmaU wart-hke or shiekl-hke bodies, either sessUe or sometimes stalked, of a
fungous or somewhat fleshy cousisteuce, occasionaUy secreting a small quantity of oUy
or resinous matter, but more frequently dry. Tliey are generaUy few in number, ofteu
definite in their position and form, and occur chiefly ou the petiole or priucipal veins
of leaves, on the branches of inflorescences, or on the stalks or principal veiiis of bracts,
sepals, or petals.

2. ISIinute raised dots, usuaUy black, red, or dark-coloiu-ed, of a resinous or oily
nature, ahvays superficial, and apparently exudations from tlie epidermis. They are
often numerous on leaves, bracts, sepals, and green branches, aud occiir even on petals
and stamens, more rarely on pistUs. When raiscd upon slender stalks they are caUcd
pedicellate (or stipitate) glands, or glandular hairs, accordiug to the thickncss of the
stalk.

3. SniaU, globular, oblong or even hnear vesicks, fiUed with oil, imbedded in the
substance itself of leaves, bracts, floral organs, or fruits. They are ofteu very numer-
ous, hke transparent dots, sometimes few and determinate in fonn and position. In
the pericarp of UmhellifercB they are remarkably regular and conspicuous, and take
tlie name of rittce.

4. Lobes of the disk (137), or other smaU fleshy excrescences within the flower,
whether from the receptacle, calyx, coroUa, stamens, or pistU.

INTIIODUCTION.

Chap. II. Classification, or Systematic Botany.

176. It has already been obserTed (3) that descriptions of plants should, as ncarly as
possiblc, be arranpjed under natuinil divisions, so as to facilitate the coraparison of each
plant with tliosc luost nearly aUied to it. The descriptions of plants hcre alhided to are
descriptionsof s^jwjV.s; thcnatural divisionsof theFlorarefer tonatural_5r;-ow/).9 ofspecies.

177. A Species compi'iscs all the individual plants wliicli resemble eacli othcr sutfi-
ciently to make us conckide that they are all, or may have heen all, descended from a
conunon parent. These individuals inay often differ froni cacli other in many striking
particulars, such as the colour of the flower, size of the leaf, etc, but these particidars
are snch as experience teaches us are liable to vary in the seedlings raised from one
individuah

178. When a large number of the individuals of a species diffcr from the others in
any striking particular they coustitute a Variety. If the variety generally comes
true from seed, it is often called a Race.

I7l). A Variety can only be propagatcd with ccrtainty by grafts, cuttings, bulbs,
tubcrs, or any other mcthod which ]iroduces a new plant by Ihe development of one
or more buds taken from thc old one. A Hace may with care be propagated by secd,
ahhough seedhngs will ahvays be liable, uuder certaiu circumstauces, <o lose those
parti(!ulars wliich distinguish it from the rcst of the species. A real Species wiU always
comc true from sced.

180. The known species of plants (now near 100,000) are far too numerous for tlie
luxman mind to sfudy witliout classification, or cven to give cUstinct single names to.
To facihtate tlicse objects, an admirable system, inventecl by Linna^us, has been uni-
Tcrsally adonted, viz. one common substantive name is given to a number of spccics
wliich rcsemble cach ollicr more than thcy do any othcr spccics ; the specics so col-
lected inider one name arc coUcctiAcIy c.iUcd a Geuus, tlic conimon nanie being tlie
generic name. Each spccies is thcu distinguishcd from thc othcrs of the sanic gcuns
by thc addition of an adjective epithet or speeijic iiame. Evcry specics has thus a bo-
tauical nanie of two words. In Latin, the languagc usually iised for the purpose, thc
first word is a substantivc and dcsignates the genus ; tlie second, an adjcctive, indi-
catcs the species.

181. The gcncra thns formed bcing still too numerous (above 6,000) for study with-
out fiu'thcr arrangemcnt, thcy havc bccu dasscd upon the same priuciplcs ; A'iz. genera
wliich resemble cach otlicr niore than they do any other g(>nera, liavc bccn coHcctcd
togcthcr into groups of a higlier degrce callcd Families or Natural Orders, to
eacli ()f vvliich a comm(m name has been givcn. This namc is in Latin an adjcctive
phiral, usually takcn from the uamc of some one ti/pical gcuus, gcuerally the bcst known,
tlie flrst discovcrcd, or the most marked (c. g. Manunculacece from Rannncuhts). This
is iiowever for the purpose of study and comparisou. To speak of a specics, to refer
to it aud identify it, all that is neccssary is to give the gencric and speciiic names.

182. Natural Orders thcmsclves (of which we reckon uear 200) are oftcu in the
same niaiuicr coUcctcd into Classes ; and whcrc Orders contain a large number of
gcuera, or gcnera a large number of spccies, thcy requirc further classillcation. Tlie
gcnera of au Order are thcn coUectcd into minor groups calk^d Trihes, tlie sptx-ies of
a gcnus into Sections, and iu a fcw cases tliis intermediatc chissification is carricd stUl
furthiM'. The names of thcse scveral groujis thc niost gcucrally adopted arc as foUows,
beghming witii tlic most compreliensiTe or highest: —

Chisses. Gcnera.

Subclasses or AUiances. Suhf/enera.

Natural Orders or FamiUes. Scctions.

Suhorders. Suhsections.

Tribes. Species.

Suhtribes. Yaricties.
Division^.
Subdivisions.

183. Tlic characters (3) by which a spccics is distinguished from all other spccics of

INTKODrCTION. XXV

the same genus are collectively eallecl tlie specijic charncter of the plant ; those by
which its genus is distinguished froni other genera of the Order, or its Order from other
Orders, are respectivelj called the generic or ordinal character, as the case niay be.
The habit of a pkuit, of a species, a genus, etc, eonsists of sueh general characters as
strike the eye at first sight, such as size, colour, ramification, arrangement of the
leaves, inflorescence, etc., aud are chiefly derived from the organs of vegetation.

181. Chisses, Orders, Genera, and tlieir several subdivisions, are ealled natnral when,
in forming them, all resemblances and diiferences are takeu into account, vahiing tliem
according to their evident or presumed importance ; artijicial, when resemblances and
differenees in some one or very few particulars only are taken into aecount indepcn-
dently of all others.

185. The number of species included in a genus, or the number of genera iu an
Order, is very variable. Sometimes two or three or even a single species may be so
ditferent from all otiiers as to constitute the entire genus ; in otliers, several hiuidred
speoies may resemble eacli otlier so much as to be all inehided in one genus ; and tliere
is tlie same discrej)ancy in tlie number of genera to a Family. There is moreover, un-
fortunately, in a number of instanees, great difference of opinion as to wliether certam
plants differing from each other in certain particulars are varieties of one species or be-
long to distinct species ; and again, whether two or more gi'0ups of species shoukl con-
stitute as many sections of one genus, or distinet genera, or tribes of one Order, or
even distinct Natural Orders. lu the former case, as a species is supposed to have a
real existenee in nature, the question is susceptible of argument, and sometimes of ab-
sohite proof. But the plaee a group shoidd occupy in the scale of degree is very arbi-
trary, being often a mere question of convenience. The more subdivisions upon cor-
reet principles are mviltipUed, the more they faciUtate the study of plants, provided
always the main resting-points for constant use, the Order and the Genus, are compre-
hensive and distinct. But if every group into wliich a genus can be divided be erected
into a distinct genus, witli a substantive name to be remcmbered wlienever a species
is spoken of, all the advantages derived from the beautiful simpUcity of the Linnajan
nomenclatu^re arc gone.

ChAP. III. YeGETABLE AnATOMT AND PHTSIOLOOr.

§ 1. StnictHre arid Gro/rth ofthe Elementary Tissues.

186. If a very thin sUee of any part of a plant be placed vmder a microscope of high
magnifying power, it wiU be found to be made up of variously sliaped and arranged
uhimate parts, forming a sort of lioneycombed structure. Tliese ultimate ]3arts are
caUcd cells, and form by their combination the elementary tissues of whicli the entire
plant is eom])osed.

187. A cell in its simplest state is a closed membranous sac, formed of a substance
permeable by fluids, thougli usiiaUy destitute of visible ]jores. Each ceU is a distinct
individual, scimrately formed and separately actiug, thougli coliering with the cells
witli wliicli it is in contact, and partaking of the common iife and action of tlie tissue
of which it forms a part. The membranes separating or enclosing the ccUs are also
called their walls.

188. Botanists usuaUy distinguish tiie foUowing tissues : —

(1) Celhdar tissue, ov parenchi/ma, consists usually of thin-waUed ceUs, moi'c or less
round iu form, or witli their length not mucl! exceeding their breadth, and not ta]5cring
at the ends. AU tbe soft parts of the leaves, the ]nth of stems, the pulp of fruits, and
aU young growing parts, are formed of it. It is the first tissue produced, and continues
to be formed wliile growth continues, and wlicn it ccases to be active the plant dies.

(2) Woodi/ tissiie, orprosenchi/ma, differs in having its ceUs considerably longcr than
broad, usually tapcring at each end into ]5oints and overlapping eacli other. Tlie cells
are commonly thick-walled ; the tissue is firm, tcuaeious, and clastic, and constitutes

XXVI INTRODUCTION.

the priiK-ijnil part of wood, of the inncr bark, antl of Uic ncrrcs and vcins of lcavcs,
forming, in sliort, tlie fraincwork of the plant.

(3) rascular ilsstic, or tlie ressels or ducts of plants, so called from the mistaken no-
tion that their functions are analogous to those of the vessels (veins and art&vies) of
animals. A vessel in plants consists of a vertictvl row of cells, which have their ti-ans-
verse partitiou-walls oblitcrated, so as to form a continuons tube. All phsenoganioua
plants, as well as ferns end a few other cryptogamous ])hints, have vessels, and are
therefore called vascular j)ln^tts ; so the majoritv of cryptoganis having only celhilar
tissue are termed celhdar plants. Vessels havc their sides very variously marked ;
some, called spiral ressels, have a spiral fibre coiled up their inside, which unrolls
when the vessel is broken ; othcrs are marked witli longitudinal slits, cross bars,
minute dots or pits, or with transvei'se rings. The size of vessels is also very variable
in diflerent plants ; in some they are of considerable size and visible to the naked eye in
cross sections of the stem, in others they are almost absent or can ouly be traccd under
a strong magnifier.

189. Yarious modifications of the above tissues are distingviished by vegetable ana-
tomists under names which need not be enumcrated here as not being in general prac-
tical use. Air-vessels, cysts, turpent i ne-ressel s, oil-reservoirs, etc, are either cavities
left betwecn the cells, or large cells fiUed with pecuhar secretions.

190. When tissues are once formed, they increase, not by the general enlai-gement of
the whole of the cells already formed, but by ceU-division, that is, by the divisic^n of
young and vitally active cells, and the eulai-gement of their portions. In the formation
of the embryo, the first cell of the new plant is formed, not by division, but around a
segregate portion of the contents of a previously existing cell, the embryo-sac. Tliis is
termedy>ee cell-formation, in contradistinctiou to cell-division.

191. A young and vitally active cell consists of tlie outer wall, formed of a more or
less transparent substance called cellulose, permeable by thiids, and of ternary chemi(ral
composition (carbon, hydrogcn. and oxygcn) ; and of the cell-contents, usually viscid
or mucilaginous, consisting oi protopilasni, a substancc of quatcrnary chcmical couipo-
sition (carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen), which fills an important part in cell-
divisiou and growth. Within the cell (either ui the centre or excentrical) is usnally a
minute, soft, subgehitinous body caUed tlie nucleus, wliose functions appear to bc inti-
mately connected with the first formation of the uew ccU. As this cell incrcases in size,
and its walls in thickness, the protoplasm and watery cell-sap beconie absorbed or dried
up, the firm cellulose wall alone remaiuing as a permancnt fabric, cither empty or filled
■with various organizcd substances produced or seci'eted withiu it.

192. The principal organized contents of ccUs are

sap, the first produet of the digestion of the food of pkmts ; it contains thc ele-
ments of vegctahle growth in a dissolved condition.

sugar, of which therc are two kinds, called cane-sugar and grape-svcjar. Tt usually
exists dissolvcd in the sap. It is found abundautly in growing parts, in fruits, and in
gcnninating secds.

dextrine, or vegetable mucilage, a gummy substance, bctween mucilage and starch.

starch orfecula, one of tlic inosl universal and eonspicuous of ccll-contents, and
often so abundant in farinaceous roots and sceds as to fiU the ccU-cavity. It consists
of minute grams called starch-c/runnles, which vary in size and are marked witli more
or less conspicuous concentric lines of growth. The chemical constitution of starch
is the same as that of celhilose ; it is unafiected by cold water, but forms a jclly with
boihng water, and turns bhie when tested by iodine. AVheu fully dissolved it is no
longer starcli, but dcxtrinc.

chlorofhyll, verj' ininute granules, containing nitrogcn, and coloured green under
the action of sunUght. These granules are most abundant in the layers of ceUs inime-
diatcly below the surfacc or epidermis of leaves and young bark. Tlie greeu colouring
matter is soluble in alcoliol, and may thus be rcmoved from the granules.

chromide, a name given to a similar colouring matter wlien not grcen.

wax, oils, camphor, and resinous mattcr, are coiuinon in ceUs or in cavities in the
tissues bctwccn the ccUs, also various niincral substanccs, either in an amorphous state
or as microscopic crystals, whcu they are caUed Raphides.

INTRODUCTIOy. XXVU

§ 2. Arrangement of the 'Elementary Tlssues,or Structure of t\e Orgnns of Plants.

193. Leaves, young stems, and branches, and most parts of phsenogamous plants,
durhig tlie first year of theh- existence consist anatomically of

1, a celiular system, or continuous mass of celhilar tissue, which is developed both
Tertically as the stem or other parts increase in length, and liorizontally or laterall y as
they inerease in thickness or breadth. It surrounds or is intermixed with thc fibro-
vascular system, or it may exist alone in some parts of phfpnogamous plants, as wcU
as in cryptogamous ones.

2, &fit)ro-vascular system,ov continuous mass of woody and vascular tissue, which
is gradually introduced vertically into, and serves to bind together, the cellular system.
It is continued from the stem into the petioles and veius of the leaves, and into tho pe-
dicols aud parts of the flowers, and is ncver wl^oUy wanting m any phsenogamous plarit.

3, an epidermis, or outer skin, formed of one or more layers of flattened (horizon-
tal), firnily cohereut, and usually empty cells, with either thin and transparent or thick
and opaque walls. It covers ahnost all parts of plants exposed to the outwai'd air,
protecting their tissues from its immecHate actiou, but is wanting in those parts of
aquatic plants which are constantly submerged.

194. The epidermis is frcquently pierced by minute spaces between the cells, called
Stomates. Thcy are oval or mouth-shaped, bordered by lips, formed of two or more
ela.-tic ccUs so disposed as to cause the stomate to opeu in a moist, and to close up in
a dry state of the atmosphere. Tiiey communicate with interceUular cavities, and are
obviously designed to regulate evaporation and respiration. They are chiefly fountl
upon leaves, especially on tiie under surface.

195. When a phsenogamous plant has outhved the first season of its growtli, the
anatomical structure of its stem or other pei-ennial parts becomes more comphcated
and very chiferent in the two great classes of phsenogamous plants called E.vogens and
'Endogens, which correspond with very few exceptions to the two classes Dicotyledons
and Monocolyledons (167), founded on the structure of the embryo. In Exogens
(Dicotyledons) the woody system is placed m concentric layers between a central
fith (198, 1), and an external separable harlc (198, 5). In Endogens (Monocotyle-
clons) the woody system is in separate small bundles or fibres running tliroiigh the
celluJar system without apparent order, and there is usuaUy no distinct central pith,
nor outer separable bark.

19ti. The anatomical structure is also somewhat different in the clifierent organs of
plants. In the Root, aUhough it is constructed generally on the same plan as the
stem, yet the regular organization, and the chfference between Exogens and Endogcns, is
often disguised or obhterated by irregularities of growth, or by the production of large
quantities of celhdar tissue fihed with starch or other substances (192). There is sel-
dom, if cver, any chstinct pith, the conceutric circles of fibro-vascular tissue in Exogens
are often very iudistinct or have no relation to seasons of growth, and the epidermis
has no stoniates.

197. In the Stem or branches, chiring the first year or season of their growth, the
diflerence between Exogeus and Endogeus is not always very conspicuous. In both
there is a tendency to a circular arrangement of the fibro-vascidar sj-stem, lcaving
the centre either vacant or fiUed with cellular tissue (pitli) only, and a more or less
distinct outer rind is observable even in several Endogens. More frequently, how-
ever, the distinction is already very apparent the first season, especiaUy towards its
close. Tlie fibro-vascular bundles in Endogens usuaUy anastomose but little, passmg
continuously into the brauches and leaves. In Exogens the circle of fibro-vascular
bundles forms a more continuous cyhuder of network emitting lateral olfsets into tlie
branches and leaves.

198. The Exogenous stem, aftcr the first year of its growth, consists of

1, iVQ inth, a cyhnder of celluUir tissue, occupying the centre or longitudinal axis
of the stem. It is active only iu young stems or brancbes, becomes dried up and com-
prcssed as the wood hardens, aud oftcn finaUy disappears, or is scarcely distinguishable
in okl trees.

2, the medullari/ sheath, which, surrounds and encases the ijith. It abounds in
spiral vessels (188, 3), and is in du-cct counection, when young, with the leaf-buds and

XXVIU TXTROnUCTToy.

branchcs, witli Iho pctiolcs and veins of leavcs, and oihcr ramifications of thc svstcm.
LLke thc pith, it gradnally di^appcars in old wood.

3, thc u-ood, wliich hcs inimediatelv outside tlie mcdullary shcath. Tt is forincd
of woody tissue (188, 2), through which, in niost cases, vessels (188, 3) variously dis-
posed are intcrspersed. It is arranged in annnal conccntric circk^s (211), whicli usunliy
rcmain activc dm-ing scveral years, but iii older stcms the central and oklcr layers be-
comc hai-d, dcnsc, comparatively inactive, and iisually deeper colonred, forming wliat
is called hearl-wood or diiramen, the outer, younger, and usually paler-colourcd hving
layers constituting the sapivood or alhuriiiim.

4, the meduUary raijs, which form vertical plates, originating in the pith, and,
radiating from thcncc, traverse the wood and terrainate in the barii. They are formed
of celkdar tissue, Ivecjiing up a commnnication between tlic living yjortion of tlie eentre
of tlie stcin and its outer surface. As thc lieart-wood is formed, th.e inner portion of
tlie mcdidlary rays ceases to be active, but tliey usuallj may stiil be seeu in old wood,
forniing wliat caqienters call the silver grain.

5, tlie hark, wliich lics outsidc tiic wood, witlhn the epidermis. It is, lii<c tlie
■wood, arranged in annual concentric cirdes (211), of wliicli tlic outcr older ones become
dry and liard, forming the corky layer or oiiier hark, wkich, as it is distended hy tlie
tliiclicning of tlie steni, (itlier craclvs or is cast off with the epidermis, whidi is no longer
distinguisliable. Witliin the corliy layer is the cellidar, or green, or middle hark, fornied
of loose iliin-wallcd pnlpy cclls containing cliloropliyll (192) ; andwliicli is usually flie
layer of the jireccding scason. Thc inncrmost and youngcst circlc, iiext the young
wood, is the liher or inner harh, formcd of long tougli woody tissue called bast-cells.

199. The Endogenous stem, as it grows old, is not inarkcd by tlic concentric circles
of Exogens. Tke wood consists of a matria: of ccllidar tissue irregiilarly traversed by
vertical cords or bundles of woody and vascular ti>"snc, wkich are in connection with
tlie leaves. Tkese vascular bundles ckange in structurc and dircction as tkey pass
down tlie stem, losing tkeir vcsscls, tkey rctain only tlicir bast- or long wood-c-ells,
usually curving outwards towards tkc rind. Tlic old wood beeomcs more compact and
harder towards tlie circumference tlian in tlie centre. Tke epidcrmis or rind citlicr
liardcns so us to jircvcnt any increase of diamcter in tke stem, or it distends, wilkout
incrcasing m tkiekness or splitting or casting oif any outcr laycrs.

200. In tke Iieaf, tke structure of tke petioles and principal ribs or veins is tke
saine as tkat of tke young branckes of wkicli tkey are raraifications. In the cxpanded
portion of the leaf the fibro-vascidar systcm becomes nsuaUy very nnich ramificd, form-
ing the sraaller vcins. These are surrounded and tlie intersticcs filled up by a co]iiou8
and yery active ccllular tissue. Tlie majority of leavcs are korizontal, kaving a ditfer-
ently constructcd np])cr and undcr snrface. Tke cellular stratnm forming tke n]i]5cr
snrface consists of closcly set cells, placed verticalJy, witk tlieir smallest ends ncxt tke
snrface, and witli few or no stomatcs in tlie cpidcrmis. In tke stratmn forming tke
imder surfacc, tke cclls arc more or less korizontal, more loosdy iilaced, and kavc ge-
nerally emjity .«paces between tlicm, witli stomates in tke e]3idcrmis commmh(;:ting
witk tkesc infcrccllular spaces. In vertical lcaves (as in a large numbcr of Australian
Ijlants) tke two surfaces are nearly similar in structure.

201. Wlien Icaves are reduced to scales, acting only as protcctors of young buds, or
witliont taking aiiy apiiarent part in tke econoiny of vegctabic life, their .structure,
thougli still on tlic samc plan, is more simplc ; thcir ilbro-vascnlar systcm is lcss rami-
fied, thcir ci-Ilular system inore luiiform, aiid therc are fcw or no stoniates.

202. Bracts and tloral cnvclopcs, wlicn grccn and mucli dcvelopcd, rcscmble Icaves
in tiieir anatomical structure, but in proportion as thcy are reduced to scales or traus-
formcd into ])ctals, tlicy lose thcir stomatcs, and tiieir systcms, botk fibro-vascular and
ccilular, becomemore simjjlc and uniform, or more slender and delicate.

203. In the stamens and ]iistils tlie structurc is still nearly thc same. The fibvo-
vascular systcm, surronnded by and intcrmixcd with the ccllular tissue, is nsnally siin-
plc in the filamcnts and slyle, morc or lcss ramificd in thc flattencdor exiianded"i)ar!s,
sueh as the anther-cascs, tkc walls of tlic ovary, or carpellary lcaves, efc. Tke ])ollen
consists of granular cells variously skapcd, markcd, or combincd, pcculiar forms being
constant in tke same species, or oftcn in largc gencra, or cvcn Ortlers. The stigmatic
portion of tke pistil is a mass of looscly ccllular snbstance, destitute of epidcrmis, and

INTRODUCTION. XXIX

nsually is in commiinication with the ovaiy by a channel running down the centre of
thc stjle.

204. Tubei's, fleshy thickenings of the stem or other parts of the plant, succulent
leaves or branehes, the fleshy, woody, or boiiy parts of fruits, the albumen, and the
thick fleshy parts of embryos, consist chicfly of largely developed cellular tissue, re-
plote with starch or other substances (li)2), deposited apparently in raost cases for tlie
eventual future use of the plant or its parts when recalled mto activity at the approach
of a new season.

205. Hairs (171) are usually expansions or processes of the epidermis, and consist
of one or more cells placed end to end. When thick or hardened into prickles, tiiey
still cousist usually of cellular tissue only. Thorus (170) contain more or kss of a
fibro-vascular system, aecording to their degree of devclopment.

206. Glands, in the primary sense of the word (175, 1), consist usually of a rather
loose ceUular tissue without epidermis, and ofteu replete with resinous or other sub-
stances.

§ 3. Growth qf tlie Organs.

207. Eoots grow in length constantly and regularly at the extremitics ouly of their
fibres, in proportion as they flnd the requisite nutriment. They formno buds contain-
ing the genu of future brauches, but their flbres proceed irregularly from any part of
thcir sm-face without previous indication, and wlien their gi'owth has been stopped for
a time, either wholly by the close of the season, or ]iartially by a deficiency of nutri-
ment at any particular spot, it will, on the return of favourable circumstances, be re-
eumed at the same poiut, if the growing extremities be uninjured. If during the
dead season, or at any other time, the growing extremity is cut ofF, dried up, or other-
wiseinjured, or stopped by a rock or other obstaele opposmg its progress, lateral iibres
will be fonned on the still living portion ; thus enabling the root as a whole to diverge
in any direction, and travel far and vvide when lured on by appropriate nutrimeiit.

208. This growth is not however by fhe successive formation of terminal cells attain-
ing at once their full size. The cells first formed on a fibre commencing or renewing
its growth, will often dry up and form a kind of terminal cap, which is pushed on as
cells are formed immediately under it ; and the new cells, coustituting a greater or
lesser portion of the ends of the fibres, remain some time in a growing state before
they have attained their full size.

209. The roots of Exogens, when perennial, increase in thickness like stems by the
addition of concentric layers, but tliese are usually much less distinctly marked ; and
in a large number of ]3erennial Exogens and most Endogens the roots are annual,
perisliing at the close of the season, fresh adventitious roots springing from the stock
when vegetation commences the foUowing season.

210. The Stem, including its branches and aiijDcndagcs (leaves, floral organs, etc),
grows in length by additions to its extremity, but a much greater proportiou of the
extremity and branches remains in a growing and expanding state lor a much longer
time than in the case of the root. At the close of one season, leaf-buds or seeds ai-e
formed, each containing the germ of a branch or young plant to be j^roduced the
foUowing season. At a very early stage of tlio develo]micnt of these buds or seeds, a
commencement may be found of many of tho leaves it is to bear ; and before a lcaf
unfolds, every leaflet of which it is to consist, every lobe or tooth wliich is to mark its
margin, may often be traced in miniature, and thenceforth tUI it attains its fuU size,
the branch grows and expands in every part. In some cases however the lower part of
a brancli and more rarely {e.g. in some MeliacecR) the lower part of a compoiuid leaf
attains its full size before the yovmg leaves or leaflets of the extremity are yct forraed.

211. The perennial stem, if exogenous (198), grows in thickness by the addition eveiy
season of a new layer or i'ing of wood between tlie outermost preceding layer and the
iiiner surface of tlie bark, and by the formation of a new layer or ring of bark vvithin
tlie innermost j^reccding layer and outside tlie new ring of wood, thus forming a succes-
sion of concentric circles. The sa}3 elaboratcd by the leaves finds its way, in a manner
not as yet absolutely ascertained, into the camhium-region, a zone of tendcr thin-walled
ceUs connectiiig the wood witli the bark, by the division aud cnlargement of which new

VOL. I. d

XXX INTRODUCTIOX.

cells (190) are fonued. These cells separate in layers, tlie iniier ones constitutinff tlie
new ring of wooil, and the outer ones the new bark or Uber. In niost exogenous trees,
in tcmpei-ate cUniates, the seasons of growth corrcspond with the jears, and the rings
of wood remain sufficientlj distinct to indieate the age of the tree ; but in manj tropical
and some CTcrgrcen trces, two or more rings of wood are formed in one jear.

212. In endogenous perennial stems (199), the new wood or woodj fibre is fonned
towards the centre of the stem, or in-egularlj mingled with the old. The stem conse-
quentlj either onlj bccomes more dense without increasing in thickness, or onlj in-
creases bj gradual distention, which is neyer yerj cousiderable. It aifords therefore
no certain criteriou for judgingof the age of the tree.

213. Flowers have generallj aU tlieir parts formed, or indicated bj protuberances or
growing ceUs at a verj earlj stage of the bud. These parts are then usuaUj more re-
gularlj plaeed than in the fuUj develojied flower. Parta which afterwards imite are
then distinct, manj are prescnt in this rudimentarj state which are never further de-
Tcloped, and parts which are afterwards verj unequal or dissimihir are perfectlj aUke
at this earlj ])eriod. On tliis account flowers iu this verj earlj stage are supposed by
sonie niodern botanists to be more normal, that is, more in conformitj to a supposed
tjpe ; and tlie study of the earlj formation and growtli of the floral organs, caUed
brr/anoffenesis, has been considered essential for tlie correct a)i]-)reciation of the afllnities
of jilants. In some cases, however, it would appear that modiiicatious of development,
not to be dctected in the verj young bud, are yet of great importance in the distinction
of large grou]is of plants, and that Organogenesis, although it may often assist in clearing
up a douljtful jioint of aflinity, cannot nevertheless be exclusively reUed on in estimating
the real vahte of jiccuharities of strncture.

211. The flower is considered as a hud (flower-hud, alabastrum) until the perianth
exjMuds, the period of flowerinq (ant/iesis) is that whicli elaioses from the first expand-
ing of the periantli, tiU the pistU is set or bcgins to enlarge, or, when it does not set,
untU the staniens and jiistil wither or faU. After that, the enlarged ovary takes the
name oi yonnq fruit.

215. At the close of the season of growth, at the same time as the leaf-buds or seeds
are formed containing the germ of future branchcs or plants, many ijlants form also, at
or near the bud or seed, large deposits, chieflj of starch. In manj cases,— such as the
tubers of a iiotato or other root-stock, the scales or thickened base of a bulb, the albu-
men or the thick cot jledons of a seed, — this de]30sit ajipears to be a store of nutriment,
whicli is ]iartiallj absorbed bj the joung brancli or j^lant during its first stage of
growtli, before tlie roots are sufficicntlj' develoj^od to sujjiilj it from witliout. In some
cases, however, such as the fleshj thickening of some stems or jiedunclcs, the ]3ericarp3
of fruits which perish long before germination (the first growth of the seed), neitlier
the use nor the cause of these deposits has as yet been clearly explaiued.

§ 4. Functions of the Organs.

21G. The funetions of the Eoot are, — 1. To fix the plant in or to the sofl or other
substance ou wliicli it grows. 2. To absorb uourishment from the soil, water, or air,
into which tlie fibros have penetrated (or from othcr plants in tlie case of parasites),
and to transmit it rajndlj to the stem. Theabsorptiou takes place through the jouug
growing extremities of tlie fibres, and through a ]ieculiar kiud of hairs or absorbing
organs which are formed at or near those growing cxtremities. The transmission to
the stem is through the tissues of the root itsolf. The nutriment absorbed cousists
chiefly of carbonic acid and nitrogen or nitrogcnous compounds dissolvcd in water.
3. In some cases roots socrete or exude smaU quantities of matter in a manuer and
with a jiurjiose not satisfactorily ascertained.

217. The Stem and its brauches support the leaves, flowers, and fruit, transniit the
crudc sap, or luitriment absorbed by the roots and niixed with previouslj organized
matter, to the leaves, and re-transmit the assimilated or elaborated sap from the leaves
to the growing parts of the jDlant, to be thcre used up, or to form deposits for future
use (201.). The ti-ansmission of tlie ascending crudo sap a])pears to take ]Dlace chiefly
through the elongated cells associated with the vascular tissues, passiug from one ceU
to another by a process but little undorstood, but known by the name of endosmose.

INTRODUCTION. XXxi

218. Leares are fiinctionally the most active of tlie organs of vegetation. In thern
is chiefly conducted digestion or As.similatiou, a name given to the process which
accomphshcs tlie following results : — 1. Thecheniical decompositionof the oxjgenated
rnatter of the sap, the ahsorption of carbonic aeid, and the liberation of pure oxygen
at the ordinary temperature of the air. 2. A coiuter-operation by wliicli oxvgen is
absorbed from the atmosphere and carbonic acid is exhaled. 3. The transfoi-mation
of the residue of the crude sap into tlie organized substances which enter into the com-
position of the plaut. The exhalation of oxvgen appears to take place imder the mflu-
ence of solar heat and hght, chiefly fi-om the under surface of the leaf, and to be in
some measure regulated by the stomates ; the absorption of oxygen goes on always in
the dark, and in the daytime also iu certain cases. The transformation of tlie sap is
eflTected within the tissues of the leaf, and continues probably more or less tliroughout
the active parts of the whole ]>lant.

219. The Floral Organs seldom contribute to the growth of the plant on whiela they
are produced ; theu-functions are wholly concentrated on the formation of the seed witli
the germ of a future plant.

220. The Perianth (calyx and corolla) acts in the first instance in protecting the
stamcns and pistils during the early stages of tlieir development. When expanded,
the use of the brilhant colours which they often display, of the sweet or strong odours
they cmit, has not been adcquately explained. Perhaps they may have great influence
in attracting those insects whose coucurrcnce has been shown in manv cases to be ne-
cessary for the due transmission of the poUen fi'om the anther to tlie stigma.

221. The pistii, wlien stimulated by the action of the pollen, forms and nourishes
the young seed. The varied aud complicated contrivances by which the poUen is con-
veyed to the stigma, whetlier by elastic action of the organs themselves, or with the
assistance of wind, of insects, or other extraneous agents, have been tlie subject of
numerous observations and expei-iments of the most distinguished naturalists, and are
yet far from being fully investigated. Their details, however, as ftir as known, woukl
be far too long for the present outline.

222. The frnit nomnshes and protects the seed until its maturity, and then often
promotes its dispersion by a great variety of contrivauces or apparently collateral cu'-
cumstances, e.g. by an clastic dehiscence which casts the seed off to a distance ; by
tlie developmeut of a pappus, wings, hooked or other appendages, which allows tiiem
to be carried off by winds, or by animals, etc., to which they may adhere ; by their
smali specific gravity, which enables them to float down sti'eams ; by their attractions
to birds, etc., who taking them for food drop them often at great distanccs, etc. Ap-
pendages to the seeds themselves also often promote dispersion.

223. Hairs have various functions. The ordinary indumentum (I7l) of stems and
leaves indeed seems to take little part in the economy of the plant besides peihaps
some occasional protcction against uijurious atmospheric influences, but the root-hairs
(216) are active absoi-bents, tlie hairs on styles and other parts of flowers appear ofteu
materially to assist the transmission of poUen, and the exudations of glandular haira
(175, 2) are ofter. too copious not to exercise some influence on the phenomeua of
vegetation. The whole question, however, of vegetable exudation^ and their influence
on the economy of vegetable Ufe, is as yet but imperfectly uuderstood.

Chap. IV. CoLLECTioN', Peeseevation, and Detee5iination of Plants.

224. Plants can undoubtedly be most easily and satisfactorily examined when freshly
gathered. But time will rarely admit of this being done, and it is moreover desirable
to compare them with other plants previously observed or colleeted. Spficimens must,
therefore, be selected for leisurely observatiou at home, and preserved for futm-e refer-
ence. A collection of such spccimens constitutes a Herhannm.

225. A botanical Specimen, to be ]x'rf(.;ct, should have root, siem, leai-es, floivera
(both open and in the bu.l), nud fndf (hotli young and mature). It is not, however,
always possible to gathcr sueh com];)Iete siieeimens, but the colleclor shoidd aim at

XXXll INTKODUCTION.

com]")letenes9. Fragments, such as leaves without flowers, or flowers without leaves,
arc of Httle or no use.

22fi. If tlie ]ilant is small (not exceecling 1.5 in.) or can be reduced to that length
by folrling, the specimen should con.sist of the whole plant, including the principal part
of thc root. Tf it be too large to ]ireserTe the whole, a good flowering-branch should be
selccted, with the foliage as low down as can be gathered with it ; and onc or two of
the lower steni-leaves or radical leaves, if any, should be added, so as to prcsei-ve as
much as ]jossiblc of the pecuhar as]icct of the plant.

227. Thc specimcns should be taken from healthy uninjured ]-ilants of a medium
size. Or if a sjiecimcn be gathcred because it looks a little difTerent frora the majority
of those around it, a]")]iarcntly bclonging to the same species, a spccimen of the more
prevalent form should be takcn from tlie same locality for compari.^on.

228. For bringing the siiecimens home, a Hght ]iortfolio of pasteboard, covered with
calieo or leather, furnished with straps and buckles for closing, and another for slinging
on the shoulder, and containing a few sheets of stout coarse jiaper, is bcttcr than the
old-fashioncd tin box (exce]it, pcrhaps, for stiffprickly jilants and a few others). The
s^iccinu-ns as gathcred are ]Dlaced bctween the leaves of paper, and may be crowded to-
gcther if not lcft long without sorting.

229. If the s]iccimen brought home be not immediately detcrmined when fresh,
but dried for fiiture examination, a note ehould be tnken of the time, jilace, and
situation in which it was gathered ; of the stature, habit, and other ]5articulars re-
lating to any tree, shrub, or hcrb of which the s}5ecimen is only a ]iortion ; of the
kind of root it has ; of the colour of the flower ; or of any othcr jiarticulars which
the S]5ecimcn itself cannot sujinly, or which may be lost in thc jirocess of drying.
These memoranda, whethcr taken down in the field, or from the living spccimcn
when brought home, should be written on a label attached to the specimen or pre-
eerved with it.

2.30. To dry s]iccimens, they are laid flat between several sheets of bibidous paper,
and sidjjccted to prcssurc. Thc iia]ier is subscquently changed at intervals, until they
are dry.

231. In laying out the spccimcn, care should be taken to preservc thc natm-al ]iosi-
tion of the jjarts as far as con.^istent with the laying flat. Tn general, if the s]iccimen
is frcsh and not very slendcr, it may be simply laid on the lower shcct, holding it by
the stalk and drawiiig it slightly downwards : tlien, as thc up)icr shcct is laid ovcr, if
it bc slightly drawn downwards as it is ]iressed down, it will be found, aftcr a few
trials, that the specimen will have retained a natural form with very little trouble. If
the siiccimen has bcon gathcrcd long enough to have becomc flaccid, it will rcquire
more care in laying the lcavcs flat and giving thc parts thcir ]iroper dircction. S)ieci-
mcns ke]->t in tin boxes, will also often have taken unnatural bcnds which will require
to be corrcctcd.

232. If the spccimen is vcry bushy, some branches must be thinned out, but always
80 as to sliow whcre thcy have been. If any ]iart, such as the head of a thistle, the
stem of an Orohnnche, or the bulb of a Lily, bc very thick, a portion of what is to be
the under sidc of the specimcn may be sUced otf. Some thick specimcns may be split
from to]i to bottom bcfore drying.

233. If thc spccimcn be succulent or tcnacious of lifc, siu'h as a Sediini or an
Orchix, it may bc dijiiicd in boiiing watcr al/ hul Ihe flowers. This will kill tjic ]ilant
at oncc, and enablc it to be dried rapidly, losing less of its colour or foliage tlian
would otherwise be the case. Dipping in boiling water is also useful in the case
of Hcaths and other plants which are a]3t to shed their leaves during the process of
drying.

23.1-. Plants with very delicate corollas may be placed bctwcen single leavcs of vcry
thin unglazcd tissue-pa]ier. In shifting thcse plants into dry papcr the tissue-paper is
not to bc removed, but lifted with its conlents on to the dry pa]ier.

235. Thc numbcr of shccts of pa]icr to bc ]ilaced betwecn cach sjiccinacn or slicet of
spccimcns, will dcpcnd, on the onc hand, on tlie thickncss and humidity of thc speci-
mens ; on thc othcr hand, on thc quantity and quality of the paper one has at command.
Thc more and thc bettcr the papcr, the less frequently will it bc necessary to change

INTBODUCTION. XXX.111

it, aiid tlie soonevthe plants will dry. The paper ought to be coarse, stout, ancl vmsized.
Conimon bloUing-paper is much too tender.

236. Care must be taken that the paper used is well dried. If it be Hkewise hot, all
the bcfter ; bnt it must then be very dry ; and wet plants put into liot paper will
requii-e clianging very soon, to prevent their turning black, Ibr hot damp without ven-
tilation produoes fermentation, and spoils tlie specimens.

237. For pressing plants, various more or less compHcated and costly presses are
niade. None is better than a pair of boards the size of tlie paper, and astone or other
heavy weight u)ion thera if at liome, or a pair of strong leather straps round them if
travening. Each of these boards should be double, that is, made of two layers of thin
boards, the opposite way of the grain, and joined together by a row of clenched brads
round the cdge, witliout glue. Such boards, in deal, rather less than half an inch
thick (eachlayer about 2^ liues) will be fovmd liglit and durable.

238. It is useful also to have extra boards or pasteboards tlie size of the paper, to
separate thick plants from thin ones, wet ones from those nearly dry, etc. Open
wooden frames with cross-bars, or frames of strong wire-work lattice, are still better
tlian boards for tliis purpose, as accelerating the drying by promoting ventilation.

239. The more frcquently the plants are shifted into dry paper the better. Except-
ing for very stiif or woody piants, the first pressure should be hght, and the first shift-
ing, if possible, after a few hours. Tlicn, or at the sccond sliifting, when the specimens
wlH liave lost their elasticity, will betlie time for puttmg right any part of a specimen
which may have taken a wrong fold or a bad direction. After this tlie pressure may
be gradually increased, and tlie plants left from one to several days without sliifting.
Tlie exact amount of pressure to be given will depeud on the consistence of tlie speci-
mens and the amount of paper. It must only be borne in mind that too mucli pres-
sure crushes tlie delicate parts, too little allows them to shrivel, ia both cases inter-
fering witli their future examination.

240. TiK> most convenient specimens will be made, if the drying-paper is the same
size as that of the lierbarium in wliich they are to be kept. Tliat of writing-demy,
rather more tiiau 16 inches by lO^ inclies, is a common and very convenient size. A
small size reduces tlie specimens too much, a large size is both costly and uiconvenient
for use.

241. When the specimens are quite dry and stiff, they may be packed up in bundles
with a single sheet of paper between eafh layer, and this ]iaper need not be bibulous.
The specimens may be placed very clcscly on the sheets, but not in more than one
layer on each slieet, and care must be taken to protect the bundles by sutlicient cover-
iug from the elfects of external moisture or the attacks of insects.

242. In laying the speciraens into the herbarium, no more than one species should
ever be fastened on one slieet of paper, altliougli several speeiniens of the same species
may be laid side by side. And throughout the process of drying, packing, and laying
in, great care must be taken that the labels be not separated from the specnnens they
belong to.

243. To examine or dissect flowers or fruits in dried specimens it ia necessary to
soften them. If the parts are very delicate, this is best done by gradually moistening
them in cold water ; in most cases, steeping them in boUing water or in steam is much
qviicker. Yery hard fruits and seeds will require boQing to be able to dissect them
easily.

244. For dissecting and examining flowers in the fveld, all tliat is necessary is a pen-
knife and a pockct-lcns of two or three glasses from 1 to 2 mches focus. At liome it
is more convcnient to have a mounted lens or simple microscope, with a stage holding
a glass plate, vipon which the floweVs may be laid ; and a pair of dissectors, one of
wliiclv sliould be narrovv and pointed, or a nvere point, like a thick needle, in a handle ;
thc otlier should have a pointed blade, with a sharp edge, to nvake clean sections across
the ovary. A compovvnd mieroscope is rarely necessary, except in cryptogamic botany
and vegetable auatonvy. For the simple microscope, leuses of i, i, 1, and li inches
focus are svilHcient.

245. To assist tlie student in determining or ascertaining the namc of a plant bc-
longing to a Flora, analytical tables shovdd be preGxed to the Orders, Genera, and

XXxiv INTRODUCTION.

Specics. These tablcs should be so constructed as to coiitain, under each bracket, or
equnlly indented, two (rarely three or more) alternatives as nearlj as possible coutradic-
tory or incompatible witli each other, eacli aUernative referring to another bracket, or
having undcr it anotlier pair of alternatives further indented. The student having a
plant to detcnnine, will tirst takc the general lable of Natural Orders, and cxamining
his phint at each step to see which ahernative agrees with it, will be led on to the
Order to whicli it belongs ; he will then compare it with the detailed character of thc
Order given in the text. If it agi-ees, hc will follow tlie same course with the table of
the genera of that Order, and again with the table of species of the genus. But in
each case, if he finds that his plant does not agree with the detailed description of the
genus or species to wliich he has thus been referred, he must revert to the beginning
and carefidlj go through every step of the investigation before he can be satisfied. A
fresh examination of his specimen, or of others of the same jilant, a critical considera-
tion of the meaning of every expression in tlie characters giveu, may lead him to detect
some minute point overlooked or mistaken, and put him into the right way. Species
vary witliin Umits which it is often very diflicult to espress in words, and it proves
often impossible, m framing tliese analytical tables, so to divide the genera and species,
that those which come under one altcrnative should absokitely exchulc the others.
In such doubtfid cases both alternatives niust be tried before the student can come to
the conclusion that his plant is not contained in the Flora, or that it is erroneously
described.

2 IG. In those Floras w-here analytical tablcs are not given, the student is usually
guidcd to the most important or prominent cliaracters of each genus or species, either
by a gcneral sinnmary prefixed to the gencra of an Order or to the species of the
genns, for aU such genera or spccics ; or by a special summary immediately preceding
the detailed description of each genus or species. In the latter case this summary is
caUed a diagnosis. Or sometimcs the important charactcrs are only indicated by
itaUcizing them in tlie detailed description.

247. It may also happen that thc specimen gathcred may present some occasional
or accidental anomaUes pecuUar to that single onc, or to a very few incUviduals, whicU
may prcvent the species from behig at one rccognized by its technical characters. It
may be uscful liere to point out a few of thcse anomaUos which the botanist may be
most Ukely to meet with. For this purpose we may divide thcm into two cksses, viz. :

1. Aherrations from the ordinary type or appearance qf a species for ivhich some
general cause may he assiyned.

A briglit, Ught, and opcn situation, particularly at considerable clevations abovc tlie
sea, or at high latitudes, w^ithout too much wet or drought, tends to increase the sizc and
heighten tlie colour of flowers, in proportion to tlie statin-e and foUage of tlic phuit.

Shade, on the contrary, especiaUy if accompanicd by riclnu^ss of soil and suflicient
mo;sturc, tends to incrcasethe foUage and draw up tUc stem, but to diminish the num-
ber, 'feize, and coloiu* of the flowers.

A hot elimate and dry situatiou tend to increase the hairs, prickles, and other pro-
ductions of the epidermis, to shortcn and stificn the branches, rendering thorny plarits
yet more spinous. Moisture in a rich soil luis a contrary etfect.

The neiglibourliood of the sea, or a saiine soil or atmospherc, imparts a thicker and
more succulent consistencc to the foUagc and ahnost evcry part of tlic phmt, and ap-
peais not imfreciueully to enable plants usuaUy annual to Uve through thc winter.
riowers in a maritime variety are oftcn mndi fewer, but not smaUer.

Tlie Uixuriancc of plants growing in a ricU soU, and the dwarf stunted character of
those crowdcd in )ioor soils, are too wcU known to need particidarizing. It is also an
evcryday obscrvation liow graduaUy the specimens of a species bccome dwarf and
stunted as we advance into the cold damp regions of the sxunmits of high moinitain-
ranges, or into high northcrn hUitudcs ; and yct it is frequently from the want of at-
tention to thcse circumstances that numbers of falsc spccios havc been added to our
Eninncrations and Floras. Luxuriance cutails not ouly increasc of size to the whole
plant, or of particidar parts, but incrcase of nuuibcr in branches, in leaves, or lcatlets
of a compound leaf ; or it may diminish the hairincss of tlie plant, hiducc tliorns to
grow oul into branclies, etc.

IMTROnUCTION. XXXV

Capsules which, while growing, lie close iipon tlie ground, will often^ecome larger,
more suceulent, and less readily dehiscent, than those which are not so exposed to the
nioisture of tlie soih

Herbs eaten down by sheep or cattle, or crushed underfoot, or otherwise checked in
their growth, or trees or shrubs cut dowu to the ground, if then exposed to favourable
circumstances ofsoil and chmate, will send iip hixuriant side-shoots, often so differcnt
in the forni of their k^aves, in theu* ramificatiou and iuflorescence, as to be scarcely re-
cognizable for tlie same species.

Ainiuals which liave germiuated in spriug, and flowered without check, will often be
very diflerent in aspect from individuals of the same species, which, havmg germinated
later, are stopped by summer ch-ouglits or the approach of winter, and only ilower the
fohowiug season upon a second growth. The latter have often been mistaken for per-
euuials.

Hybrids, or crosses between two distinct species, eome under the same category of
anomalous specimens from a kuown cause. Frequent as they are m gardeus, where
they are artificially pi-oduced, they are probably rare in nature, although on this sub-
ject there is mucli diversity of opinion, sonie believing them to be very frequeut, otliers
almost denyiug tlieir existence. Absohite proof of the origin of a phmt found wild, is
of com*se impossible ; but it is pretty generally agreed tliat the following particulars
must ahvays co-exist in a ivihl hybrid. It partakes of tiie characters of its two parents ;
it is to be found isolated, or ahnost isolated, in places where the two parents are abun-
dant ; if there are two or three, they ^^ill generally be dissimilar from each othcr, oue
partaking more of one pareut, anotJier of the other ; it seldom ripens good seed ; it will
never be found where one of tlie parents grows alone.

Where two supposed species grow together, intermixed with uumerous mtermediates
bearing good seed, and p)assiug more or less gradually from the one to the other, it
may generally be concluded that the whole are mere varieties of one species. The be-
giuner, however, must be very cautious not to set down a specimen as intermediate
between two species, because it appears to be so in some, even the most striking cha-
racters, such as statm-e and foliage. Extreme varieties of one species are connected
togetlier by transitions in all their characters, but these trausilions are uot all observa-
ble in the same specimens. The obs,;rvation of a siugle iutermediatc is therefore of
little vahie, unless it be one link iu a long series of intermediate fonus, aud, wlien met
with, shoidd lead to the search for the other counecting links.

2. Accidental aherrations froni ihe ordinary type, that is, those of which the cause
is vnknoicii.

These require the more attention, as they may sometimes lead the beginner far astray
in his search for the geuus, whilst the aberratious abovc-mentioned as reducible more or
lcss to geueral laws, affect chiefly tlie distinction of species.

Almost all species with colom-ed flowers are liable to occur occasiojuallj' with them
all white.

Many may be found even iu a wild state with double flowers, that is, with a multi-
plication of petals.

Plauts which have usually conspicuous petals will occasionally appear without any
at all, either to the flowers produced at particular seasons, or to all the flowers of in-
dividual plants, or the petals may be reduced to narrow slips.

Flowers usually very irregular, may, on certain iudiviiluals, lose more or less of tlieir
irr-^gularity, or a[)pear in some very diflferent shape. Spurs, for instance, may disap-
pear, or be produced on all instead of oue ouly of the petals.

One part may be occasioually added to, or subtracted from, the usual uumber of
parts in each floral whorl, raore especially in regular polypetalous flowers.

Plants usually mona>cious or dioecious may become occasionally hermaphrodite, or
hermaplirodite plants raay produce occasionally unisexual flowers by the abortiou of
the stamens or of the pistils.

Leaves cut or divided where they are tisually entire, variegated or spotted where they
are usually of one colour, or tlie reverse, must also be classed amongst those accidental
aberrations which the botauist must always be on his guard against mistaking for spe-
cific tUstinctions.

INDEX OF TERMS, OR GLOSSARY.

The Fignres refer to the Paragraphs of tlie OidUties.

Par.
Aberrations .... 247

Abortive 84

Abruptly piDuate . . 43
Accessory organs . . ICS

Aciciilar 54

Achene 158

Aculeate 170

Acuminate, acumen . . 47

Acute 47

Adhereut . . . 140, 145
Adnate . . . .63, 145
Adnale anther . . .114
Advenlitious ... 17, 19
Aerial = growing in the

air.
^stivation . . . .102
Ajijrregate fruit . . . 147
Aiabastrum (bud) . .214
Aire (wings) . . .37, 155
Alate = having wiugs.
Albunien, albuminous . 162
Albunium .... 198

Aliianccs 182

Altcrnate . . . . 32, 90
Anientnm = catkin . . 70
Amphitropons . . . 134
Ani])k'xicaul .... 37
Ainvgilaloid = almond-
like.

Amyloid 192

Aiiastoinose .... 40
Anatropous .... 134
Androgynous. ... 87
Aiigiosperinous . . .101
Auisomerous .... 94

Annnals 12

Anterior 91

Authcr . . . 109,114
Authcsis (flowering pe-

riod) 214

Apctalous 85

Par

. 36,47,115
with a little

Apcx .
Apiculate

point.

Apocarpous . . . .125
Aquatic = growing in

water 14

Arboreous or arbores-

cent plants ... 12
Aril, arillus . . . .164
Arillate (having an aril) 164

Aristate 47

Articlc, articulate, ai-ti-

culation ....
Artiticial divisions and

charactcrs ....
Ascendiug

54

184
28

Asepalous 85

Assimilatiou .
Auricle
Auriculate = having

ricles
Axil, axillary .
Axile (in the axis)

Hark

Harren . . . .85,
15ase ... 36, 48,

Bast-cells

Berry

Bi- (2 in composition) .
Bicarpcllary . . . .

Bideiitatc

liiiiinials

Bitid

Bifoliolate . . . .

Bijugate

Bilabiate (two-lippcd)

Bilocular .

Bipiunate

Bisexual

218
49

50

17

132

198

110

115

198

157

44

125

44

12

44

44

44

102,

105

126

43

Biternate . .
Biade . . .
Bracts, bractese 60,
Bracteate = having br
Bractcoles
Bristles, bristly
Bud . . .
Bulb . . .
Bush . . .

ke

Cicspitose = tufted

Callous = hardcned
usually thickencd

Calycule, calyculate

Calyx .... 15

Cambium-region

Campanulate .

Campylotropous

Caiiesceut .

Capillary = hair-l

Capitate .

Capsule

Carpel . .

Carpophore

Cartilagiuons = of
cousisteuce of car
lage or of parclim

Caruncule, carnuculatc

Caryojisis .

Catkiiis

Cauline (on the stem

Caulocarpic .

Cells (clementary)

Cells (of anthcrs)

Cells (of the ovary)

Cellular systcra .

Cellular tissue .

Cellulose . . .

Ceutrifugal . .

Centripetal . .

Chaff ....

acts

Par.
44

35
202

62
173
16
20
12

nd

90

) .

80
, 96
211
104
134
173
54
74
158
123
146

104

160

70

38

12

186

109

121

193

188

191

72

72

82

GLOSSARY OF TERMS.

Par.

Clialaza 133

Character 183

Chloropliyll . . . .192

Chromule 192

Ciliate 39

Circumsciss . . . .158
Cirrhus = tendril . .169

Class 182

Claw (ofapetal) . .107
Clinibing stem ... 29
Coats of theovule . . 133
Coats of the seed . . 163

Coccus 159

Coherent 145

Collateral = inserted one
by the side of the
other.
Collection of specimens 224

Coma 163

Conimon ])etiole ... 39
Complete tlower ... 89
Compound leaf ... 39
Compound tlower . . 74
Compound fruit . . . 147
Compouud ovary . .126
Compound uiubcl . . 74
Compressed .... 54

Cone 160

Confluent 117

Conical 54

Connate 145

Conuective, connectivum 109
Couniveut .... 145
Contorted, convolute . 102

Cordate 49

Cordiform . . . . 49
Coriaceous . . . . 55
Corky layer . . . .198

Corm 27

Corolla . . .15, 90, 97
Corrngate (crumpled) . 102
Corvmb, corvmbose . 74
Costate . '. . . .173
Colton, cottonv . . .173
Cotyledons .' . . ,166

Creepiug 28

Creuate, crenulate . . 39
Cristate = ha ving a crest-

like appendage.
Crown of the root . . 24

Crumpled ] 02

Crustaceous . . . . 55
Cryptogamous plants . 10

Cuhn 34

Cuncate 45

Cupnlar (cup-sbaped) . ] 36

Cuspidate 47

YOL. I.

Par.

Cylindrical . .

. . 54

Cyme, cymose .

. 74

Deca- or decem- (IC

) in

composition .

44,92

Deciduous calyx .

. 152

Decompound . .

. 43

Decumbent . ,

. 28

Decurrent . . .

. 37

Decussate . . .

. 32

Definite . . .

. 89

Deiiiiitions

(P. i-)

Dehiscence, dehiscent

]

118, 156

Dentate . . .

. 39

Depressed . . .

. 54

Descriptive Botany .

(p. i.)

Determinate . .

. 67

Determination of plants 245

Dextrine ....

. 192

Di- (2 in coinposition) . 92

Diadelphous . .

. 113

Dia2;nosis . .

. 246

Dialypetalous . .

. 100

Diaudrous

. 93

Dichlamydeous . .

. 85

Dichotomous . . .

. 33

Diclinous ....

. 86

Dicotyledonous plan

ts . 167

Didvnious ....

. 54

Didvnamous . .

. 113

Ditluse

. 28

Digitate ....

. 41

Digynous ....

93, 125

]Jimerous ....

. 93

Dimidiate ....

. 117

Dioccious . . . . 86

Dipetalous .... 93
Discpalous .... 93

Disk 136

Dissepiment .... 126

Dissected 39

Distichous .... 32

Distinct 145

Divaricate .... 115
Diverginff,divergent 115,145
Divided ^ . . ". . . 39
])orsal = on the back.
Doublc flowers ... 97
Down, downy . . .173

Drupe 157

Dry fruits . . . .158

Ducts 188

Duramen 198

Ear 76

Echinate 173

Par.

Elaborated sap . . . 217
Elementarycells and tis-

sues 186

Elliptical 45

Emarginate .... 47
Embryo . . . 162,166

Endocarp 157

Endogens, endogenous

plants 195

Eudogenous stem . . 199
Endosniose . . . .217
Ennea- (9 in composi-

tion) 92

Entire 39

Epicarp 157

Epidermis . . 173, 193
Epigynous .... 140
Epigynous disk . . . 144

Epiplivte 14

Erect* 28

Exalbuniinous (without

albumen) . . . .162
Exainination of plauts . 243
Exogens, exogenous

plants 195

Exogenous stem . . .198

Exserted ]13

Extrorse 118

Falcate 45

Families 181

Farinose 173

Fascicled, fasciculate . 32

Fastigiate 74

Fecula 192

Female 85

Fertile 85

Fibre 18

Fibrous root .... 20
Fibro-vascular system . 193

Filament 109

Filiform = thread-like.
Fimbriate = fringed.
Flabelliform = fau-sbaped 45

Fleshy 55

Floccose 173

Floral envelope . . . 15
lloral leaves . , . . 61
Flowcrs , 15, 84, 213, 219
Flowering plants , . 10
Foliaceous = leaf-like.

Follicle 159

Foramen 133

Forked 33

Foveolate 105

Free . 89, 132, 140, 145
Fruit . . .15, 146, 222
e

XXXVIU

GLOSSARY OF TERMS.

Par.

rnitescent, fruticose . 12

Fiiiulion 7

runiflc (funiculus) . .164
Fuuncl-shaped . . . 104

Furrowed 173

Fusiform = spiudle-

shaped 54

Gamopetalous . . .100

Geniiuate 32

Genus, geuera . . .180
Gerni, geruiinatiou . .215

Gihbous 105

Glabrous 173

Glands . . . 175, 206
Glandular-setose . . . 173

Ghiucous 173

Globose, globular . . 54
Glochidiate .... 173

Glume 83

Glutinous 173

Grain 100

Gymuospermous . . 161
Gynohasis, gynopliore . 143

Ilabit 183

Ilairs . . .171,205,223

Ilastate 50

Uead 74

Heart-wood . . . .198
Hepta- (7 iu composi-

tiou) 92

Herbaceous perennials . 12
Hcrbarium .... 224
Hermaphrodite ... 85
Heterogamous ... 87
Hexa- (G in compositiou) 92

Hiluni 165

Hirsute 173

Hispid 173

Hoary 173

Homogamous ... 87

Hooks 109

Hvhernaculum ... 23

Hyhrids 247

Hvpocrateriform(salver-

'siiapcd) 104

Ilypogynous .... 140

Iinbricatc,irahricatcd 58,102

Imparipiunate
Impcrfect .
Incomplete .
ludcfiuite .
Indcliisccnt .
Indctermiuate
Indumcatum

43

84
84
92

156
07

171

luduplicate .
lufcrior .
Inferior radicle
Intlorescence .
Iufundibuliform(funnel-

sha])cd) .
Innate anther
Insertiou .
Intcruode .
Interrupted spike

ceuie
Introrse .
luvolucre, involucel
Involute .
Irregular .
Isomerous

Joint, joiuing
Jugum, juga =

pairs

Kernel
Kuob ,

Labellura . .
Laciniate . .
Lauiina

Lauate = vvoolly
Lauceolate
Latcral . .
Leaf, leaves 1 5,
Lcaf-hud . .
Leaflet . .
Leaf-opposed .
Legumc .
Lepidote . .
Liher .

Ligulate = strap
Limh .
Linear . . ,
Lip, lipped .
Lohe, lobed .
Loculicidal
Lower .

Lunate = crescent
Lvrate .

Male . . .
M arcescent .
Mcaly . . .
Jledullary ray

sheath . .
Mcuibranous .
Micropvle
iMidrib* . .
Monadclphous
Mo landrous .
Moniliform .

Par.

102

140

167

66

104

114

140

31

75
118

79
102

95

89

54
44

157
, 25

, 105
, 39

35, 107

. 173

. 45

. 91

200, 218

16

, 39

67

, 100

, 172

198,211

shaped.

. 104
45,54
. 105
. 39
. 158
. 91
-shapcd.
. . 41

85
151
173

and

. 198
. 55
. 165
. 40
. 113
. 112
. 54

Par.

Mono- (1 in composi-

tion) 92

jMouocarpcllary . . . 125
Monocnrpic .... 12
Monochlaniydcous . . 85
Mouocotylcdouousplants 167
Monoecious .... 86
Momgynous . . . .125
i\lonopetalous . . . 100
Morphology ... 8, 88
Mucronate .... 47
j\Iulti- (wan)/, or an iu-
definitc number, in
composition) ... 44
Muricate 173

Naked .... 85, 161
Natural divisions aud

characters . . . .184
Natural Order . . .181
Navicular = hoat-shaped.

Nectary 138

Nerve 40

Net-veined .... 40

Neutcr 85

Node 31

Novcm- (9 in coraposi-

tion) 44

Nucleus of a cell . . 191
Nuclcus of the ovule . 133
Nut 158

Ohcompressed ... 54

Ohconical 54

Ohcordatc .... 47

Oblate 45

Oblong . , , . 45, 54

Obovate 45

Obovoid 54

Obpyraraidal .... 54

Obtusc 47

Oct- or octo- (8 in com-

position) . . . 44, 92

ODsct 23

Oppo^ite 32

OriJicular 45

Order 181

Organ ....... 7

Organogcncsis . . .213
Organs of vegetationand

reproductiou ... 9
Orthotropous . . .134

Oval 45

Ovary 121

Ovate 45

Ovoid 54

Ovule .... 121, 133

GLOSSARY OF TERMS,

Par.

Palate 105

Palea, palcEe .... 82
Paleaccous = of a cbafFy

consisteace.
Pahnate . . . .41,42
Palmatitid, palraatisect . 42
Pauicle, paniculate . . 74

Papillffi 122

Pappus 155

Parallel veins . , . 40

Parasite 14

Pareiichvma .... 188

Parietal" 132

Pectinate 41

Pedate 41,42

PeJatifid, pedatisect . 42

Pedicel 70

Pedicellate = on a pedicel.

Peduucle 68

Pedunculate = on a pe-

duncle.

Pcltate 52

Peniciilate .... 130
Penta- (5 in compositiou) 92

Pepo IGO

Perennials .... 12
Perfect flower ... 84

Perfoliate 37

Perianth . 15, 98, 202, 220

Pericarp 154

Perigyuous .... 140
Perisperm . . , .162

Persistent 14fi

Personate 105

Petal 90

Petiole 35

Petiolule 39

PhK;noo;amous, phanero-

gamous . . . . 10
PhyUaries. .... 79
Ph_vllodium = a flat pe-

tiole with no blade.

Pilose 173

Pinua 43

Pinnate . , , . 41, 42
Pinnatifid, pinnatisect . 42
Pistil . 15,90,120,203,221

Pistillate 85

Pith 198

Placenta, placentation . 131

Plaut 6

Plicate 102

Plumose 172

Plumide 166

V\nn- = sei-eral, in com-

position.
Plurilocular . . . .126

Par.

Pod 158

Podocarp 120

Pollen. . . . 109,119
Poly- (mai/i/, or au in-
definite number, in

composition) .
Polyadelphous
Polyandrous .

.92

92
113
112

Polv^amous . .

86

Polvgvnous . ,

. 92

125

Polypetalous . .
Pome .

100
160

Posterior .

91

Prpefoliation . .

57

Preservatiou of
mens . . ,

speci-

224

Prickles , . .

170

Primine . .

133

Procumbeut .

28

Proliferous

17

Prosenchyraa

188

Prostrate . .

28

Protoplasm . . . .191
Pubescent, puberulent . 173
Pulvinate (cushion-

shaped) .... 136
Punctiform =Iike a point

or dot.

Putamen .

.

157

Pvramidal

54

Pyrenes . ,

157

Quadri- (4 in composi-

tion) 44

. 102

Qui ncuncial .
Quinque- (5 in

sition) .
Quintuplinerved

corapo

Race . .
Raceme, racemose
Rachis .
Radical
Radicle
Raphe .
Raphides .
Receptacle
Redupiicate
Regular .
Reniform .
Resupinate
Reticulate
Retuse .
Revolute .
Rliachis
Rhaphe
Rhizome .

44
40

. 178
. 74
39,68
. 38
. 166
. 134
. 192
74,135
. 102
, 95
. 51
. 105
, 40
. 47
. 102
39,68
. 134
21,24

Par,

Rhoinboidal . , . , 45

Ribs 40

Ribbed 173

Ringent 105

Root 15, 18, 196, 207, 216

Kootstock 24

Rostrate = beaked.

Rosulate 38

Rotate 104

Rudimentary .... 84

Rugose 173

Runcinate 41

Runuer 30

Saccate 105

Sagittate 50

Salver-shaped . . . 104

Samara 158

Sap 192

Sapwood 198

Sarcocarp 157

Sarmentose . . , . 28

Scabrous 173

Scales . . 58, 59, 172, 201
Scaly bulb . . . . 2fi
Scaly surface . . . .172

Scape 69

Scariose, scarious . . 55

Scattered 32

Sciou 30

Scorpioid cyme ... 74

Section 182

Secund 32

Secuudine .... 133

Seed 161

Segment 39

Sepals 90

Septem- (7 in composi-

tion) 44

Septicidal 158

Septum = partition . ,126
Serrate, serrulate , , 39

Sessile 37

Seta, setse (bristles) . 173
Setaceous (bristle-Iike) . 54
Setose (bearing bristles) 1 73
Sex- (6 in composition) 44
Sheathing .... 37

Shrubs 12

Silicule, siliqua . . . 160

Silver grain 198

Simple 39

Sinuate 39

Sinus 39

Sniooth 173

Spadix 76

Spatha 81

xl

GLOSSAlvY OF TEiniS.

Spathtilate
Species
Speciincn .
Spherical .
Spike, spicate
S])ikelet .
Spinous
Spiral vessels
Spur, spurred
Squara8e = scales
Sqnarrose .
Staniens . 1
Slaniinate
Staniinodia
Starch .
Stcllale
Stcllate hairs

,90,

Par.
, 45
. 177

225

, 54
. 74
76
, 170
188
105
58
58
108,203
85
110
192
104
172

Stem 15, 28, 197, 210, 217
Stem-clasping ... 37

Sterile 85

Stigma 121

Stijjella 64

Stipes, stipitate ... 65

Stipulcs 63

Stock 16,22

Stole, stolou . . 23, 30

Stomates 194

Stone, stone-frnit . .157

Striate 173

Strijrose, strijjillose . . 173
Strophiole, strophiolate 164

Style 121

Sub = almost, or uncler,

iu composition.
Subclass, suborder . .182
Subnierged = uuder watcr.

Subulate 54

Succulcnt 55

Succaleut fruits . . . 157

Sucker 30

Sutfrutesccnt, suffruti-

cose 12

Sugar 192

Sulcate 173

Supciior 140

Supcrior radide . . . 1 67
Supcrposed = inserted one

above the other.

Suture

Symmetrical

Synandrous

Syncarpous

Syugenesious

Par.
159
89
112
125
113

Systematic Botany (p. xxiv.)

Taproot 20

Teeth 39, 101

Tesmen 163

Tendril . . . . 29, 169

Terete 54

Ternate . . . .32,41
Terrestrial = growing on
the earth .... 14

Testa 1 63

Tetra (4 in composition) 92
Tetradynamous . . . 113

Thorns 170

Throat 104

Thyrsus, thyrsoid . . 74
Tissues (clemcutary) . 186
Tomentose . . . .173

'J'oothed 39

Torus 135

Trees 12

Tri- (3 in composition) 44, 92

Tribe 182

Trichotomous ... 33

Trifid 41

Trifoliolate .... 41
Trigonous .... 54
Tripiunate .... 43
Triplinerved .... 40
Triquetrous .... 54
Tristichous .... 32

Truncate 47

Trunk 12

Tube .... 101,104
Tuber, tuberous 20, 25, 204
Tubcrculate . . . .173

Tubular 104

Tutled 28

Tunicated bulb ... 27
Turbinate = top-shaped 54

Twincr 29

'l'wisted 102

Type, typical . . .181

Umbel, umbellate, um-

Par.

bellale . . . . 33, 74

Umbilicate . . .

173

Umbonate . . .

173

Uucinate = hooked.

Undershrubs . . .

12

Undulate ....

39

Unequally pinnate .

43

Unguiculate . . .

107

Unguis (claw)

107

Uni- (1 in composition^

44

Uuilateral (one-sided) ra-

cemes

74

Unilocular ....

126

Unisexual

86

Unsvmmctrical . . .

94

Upper

91

Urceolate

104

Utricle

158

A^alvate

102

Valves

158

Variety

178

Vascular tissue . . .

188

Vegetable Anatomy . 8

,186

Vegetable Chemistry .

8

Vegctable Homologv or

Metamorphosis . .

88

Vegetable Physiology 8

207

Veins, veinlels, venation

40

Vernation

57

Versatile anther . . .

114

Verticil, verticillate . .

32

Vessels

188

Virgate = twiggy . .

28

Viscid, viscons . . .

173

Vitta, vittfc ....

175

Viviparous ....

17

Voluble

29

"Wart, warted . . .

173

^Vavv

39

^Vhorl, whorled . . .

32

Wing, winged . . 37,

155

Wood

198

"Woody tissue . . .

188

Wool, woolly . . .

173

FLOM AUSTRALIENSIS.

Class I. DICOTTLEDONS.

Stem, wlien perennial, consisting of a pith. in the centve, of one or more
concentric circles of woody tissue, and of the bark on the outside. Embrj-^o
with two cotyledons, the young stem in germination proceeding from be-
tween the two lobes of the embryo or from a uotch at its summit.

The above characters are the most constant to separate Dicotyledons from Monocotyle-
dons ; these two great classes have, however, each a pecnliar habit, which in most cases is
easily recognized. All Australian trees and shrubs, except Palms, a few Ferns, aud Bam-
boos, and a few others with linear grass-like leaves, are Dicotyledons ; so also are almost all
plants with opposite, or whorled, or netted-veiued leaves, or with the parts of the flower in
fours, fives, or eights, or with indefinite stamens, all these characters being very rare iu
Monocotyledons.

(The following list of Orders contaiued in this first volume is inteuded to show the
arraugeraent adopted. The characters given are not absolute, nor without exception, and
are iuserted for the purpose of calling attention to one or two of the raost striking or most
important features of each Order. lu some cases, where an Order is represeuted iu
Australia onlj by some anomalous genus, its exceptional character is placed iu a pareuthesis.
An analytical key to the Orders will be giveu at the close of the work.)

SUBCLASS I. POLYPETAL^.

Petals several, distinct (wanting in a few gcnera, very rarely united).

Sekies I. Thalamifloua;. — Torus small or elongated, rarely expanded
in a disk. Ovary superior. Stamens definite or more frequently indefinite.

Alliance (Cohors) I. Ranales. — Sfamens indefinite, or if definite, opposite the
petals. Carpels distinct or united at the base only, superior, or rarely enclosed in a
fleshy torus. Embryo small, in afieshy albumen.

(Carpels united in Eupomatia and Nymphcea. Embryo large, without alburaen in some
Menispermacece and in Nelumhium.)

I. Ranxinculace.e. Herbs with radical or alternate leaves, or climbers with opposite
leaves. No stipules. Sepals usually coloured aud deciduous. Petals in a single series or
none. Stamens indefinite. No ariUus.

II. D1LLENIACE.E. Shrubs or undershrubs with alternate leaves. No stipules. Sepals
usually herbaceous and persistent. Petals in a single series. Stamens usually indefinite.
Seeds with an ariUus or strophiola.

VOL. I. B

o
D. H. HILL LIBRARY
North Caroiina State College

2 DICOTYLEDONS.

III. MagNoi.iace.5E. Shrubs or trees, witb alternate leaves. Petals indcfinite. Stamens
indefinite. No arillus. (Calyx entire in tbe bud, irregularly sjilit.)

IV. Anonace.e. Shrubs,"trees, or woody elimbers, witb altoniate lcaves. No stipulcs.
Sepals 3. Petals in 2 scries of 3 each (e.xcepting Eiipomatia, where sepais and petals are
combined in a niass). Stameus iudefinite. Carpels indefiuiie. Albumen ruminate.

V. MENISPF.KMACE.E. Twiners, with altcrnate lcaves. No stipules. Flowcrs small,
dioecious. Sepals iu 2 or more serics of 3 or 2 each. Pctals smaller than the inner scpals,
or none. Stamens definite, oppositc the pclals. Carpels 6 or fcwer.

VI. NYMPii.-EACE.i:. Aquatic herbs. Leaves usually peltate. Sepals or petals indefiuite,
or rarely in threes. Stamens indefinite. Carpels free or united, the ovules not in the
inner angle.

AUiance II. Parietales. — Stamens dejiniie or indefinite. Ovary syncarpous, icith
2 or more parietal placentas, either \-celled, or incomplete/i/ divided bij tJie 'placenias pro-
imding iu the cavity, or divided 1)y false dissepiments connecting the placentas. Ovules
usually several to each placenia, rarely solitary.

VII. Papaverace^. Herbs, with altemate leaves. No stipules. Sepals 2. Petals 4.
Flowers regular, with iudeliuite stamens, or irregular, with diadelphous defiuite stamens.
Albumcn copious. Embryo small.

VIII. Crucifer/E. Herbs, with alternate leavcs. No stipnles. Scpals 4. Petals 4.
Staraens 0, tetradynamous or rarely 4. Phxcentas 2, connected by a false dissepiment. No
albumen. Embryo eurved.

IX. Cappauide.e. Herbs, shrubs, or trees. Stipules often prickly. Sepals 4 (2 outer
ones sometimes uuited). Petals 4 (rarely morc, or nouc, or united). Stamens indcfinite,
or if few, not tetradynamons. Placeutas 2 or more. No albumcu. Embryo em-ved.

X. Violarie.e. Hcrbs or shrubs. Stipules herbaceous or small. Sepals .5. Petals 5
(nften irregular). Anthers 5, on short filamcnts, connivcnt or connccted in a ring round
the pistil. Placentas usually 3. Albumen fleshy. Embryo ratlier hirge.

XI. BixiNE.«. Trccs or shrubs. Stipules none. Sepals 5 or fcwer. Petals various,
often nonc. Stamens indefiniie. Plaeentas 2, 3, or more (meeting in the axis in Cochlo-
spermii?//). Albumen flcshy. Embryo rathcr large.

AUiance III. Polyg^alinese. — Sepals and pefals 5 each, rarehj feicer. Stamens
the same numtjer or twice as many, or fewer when theflotvers are irreguJar. Ovary usuaJly
1-merous (aJtliough in most genera occasionaJJy S-5-merous), partialJy or compJeteJy
divided into as many ceJJs. Ovules indefi^iite, or solitary with a superior micropyle.
Albumen flesJiy.

XII. PiTTOspoRE^. Trees, shrubs, uudershrubs, or twiners, with alternate lcavcs. No
stipulcs. Flowers regular or oblique. Stameus as many as petals. Eiflbryo minute.

Xill. Tremandre^v. Shrubs often heath-like, with alternate or whorled or opposite
leaves. No stipules. Flowers regular. Sfamens twice as many as petals. Embryo sniall
or miuute.

XIV. PoLYGALE.E. Ilcrbs, uudcrshrubs, or shrubs, with alteruate leaves. No stipulcs.
riowers irregular. Stameus mouadclphous. Embryo rather large, sometimcs ahnost or
quite without albumen.

Alliance IV. Caryophyllinese. — SepaJs or caJy.r-Jobes 5 or fetver. PetaJs 5 or
fewer. Stamens as many or twice as many, or indefinite. Ovary \-ceIIed, with central
placentas {e.rcept Frankeiiia). Albumen mealy. Embryo curved, or rareJy straight when
ihe albumen is scanty.

(l)vary hah"-iufenor in Porfulaca.)

XV. Frankeniace.e. Small or prostrate undershrubs, or herbs, with small opposite
leaves. No stipules. Calyx angulai-, toothed. Petals isomerous with the calyx. Stamens
defiuite. Placcntas parietal.

XVJ. Caryophylle.e. Hcrbs, rarely uudershrubs, with opposite entire leaves. Stipules
none or scarious. Calyx toothed or sepjjs free. Petals isomerous with the calyx. Stamens
dcfiuite. Placentas ccntral.

DIC0TYLED0N3. d

XVII. PoRTULACE^. Herbs, often succulent, wlth alternate or opposite leaves. Sti-
pules scarious or chauged into hairs. Sepals 2. Petals more numerous than the sepals.
Stamens indefinite or rarely definite. Placeutas central.

AUiance V. Gruttiferales. — Sepals imbricate. Fetals as many as sepah, or rarely
more. Stamens indefiiiite {except Elatinese). Ovary divided into ceils, with axile pla-
centas.

XVIII. Elatine^. Herbs or uudershrubs, with sraall opposite leaves. Stipules small.
Flovvers hermaphrodite. Stameus defiuite.

XIX. HYPERICIXE.E. Herbs or shrubs, with opposite leaves. No stipules. Flowers
hermaphrodite. Stamens iudefinite.

XX. GuTTiFER^. Trees or shrubs, with opposite leaves. No stipules. Flowers poly-
gamous or unisexual. Stamens indefinite.

Alliance VI. Malvales. — Sepals valvate {except Echinocarpus). Petals as many
as sepals, or none. Stametis indefinite or monadelpJious {except Lasiopetalese) . Ovary di-
vided into cells with axile placentas.

XXI. Malvace^. Herbs, shrubs, or trees, with alternate leaves. Stipules usually pre-
sent. Stamens monadelphous. Anthers 1-celled.

XXII. Sterculiace.ii;. Herhs, shrubs, or trees, with alternate leaves. Stipules usually
preseut. Stamens mouadelphous, or, if free, defiuite and alternating with the petals. Au-
thers ^-celled.

XXIII. Tiliace^. Trees or shrubs, rarely herbs, with altemate leaves. Stipules usually
present. Stamens indefinite, free, or scarcely united at the base. Anthers 2-ceIled.

Series II. DisciFLOE^. — Torus usually thickened or expanded into a
disk, either free or adnate to the ovary, or to the calyx, or to both, rarely
reduced to glands, or wanting. Stamens as many or twice as many as petals,
or fewer. Ovary superior, or partially immersed in the disk, divided into
ceUs with axile placentas, or the carpels distinct.

(Stamens indefinite in a very few exceptional species. Ovary inferior or enclosed in the
calvx-tube in niost Rhamnea ; I-celled in some Olacinea^

Alliance VII. Geraniales. — Bislc within the stamens, or conflitent with the
staminal tube, or rednced to glands, or ohsolete. Gyncecium lohed or apocarpous, or
sometimes entire. Ovules usually 1 or 2 in each cell, 1 or both pendulous xvith a ventral
raphe.

XXIV. Line.e. Herbs or shrubs, with undivided alternate leaves. Stipulcs ofteu pre-
seut. Disk small, glandnlar, or none. Ovary eutire. Ovides usually 2 in each cell. Al-
bumen fleshy, rarely wanting.

XXV. jSlALPiGHiACEiE. Woody climbers (rarely trces or shrubs), withjopposite (rarely
alternate) leaves. Stipules present. Two glands on the outside of some or all the calyx-
lobes (wanting in the Australian genera). Disk not large. Gynoecium lobed or apocarpous.
Ovnles solitary in each cell. No albumen.

XXVI. Zygophtllej:. Herbs or shrubs, usually articulate or succulent, without glau-
dular dots. Leaves 2-foliolate or pinnate, rarely simple. Stipules present. Disk fleshy.
Ovary angular or lobed. Ovules 2 or more in each cell. Albumen fleshy or none.

XXVII. GeraniacE/E. Herbs or shrubs, articulate or not, with toothed, divided, or
compouud leaves without glandular dots. Stipuks usually preseut. Disk reduced to 5
ghmds or obsolcte. Ovary angular or lobed. Ovules I, 2, or rarely more in each cell. AI-
bumen noue or rarely fleshy.

XXVIII. Rutace^. Trees or shrubs, very rarely herbs, with compound or rarely simple
leaves, always marked with pellucid glandular dots. No stipides. Disk within the stamens.
Ovary rarely entire, usually lobed or the carpels distinct, with the styles connate or gynoe-
cium entirely apocarpous. Ovules 2 in each cell. Albumen fleshv or none.

B 2

4 DICOTYLEDONS.

XXIX. SiMARUBE^. Characters of Tadacece, except that the leaves are not dotted and
the ovules are usually solitary in each cell. Taste generally bitter.

XXX. BuRSERACE.E. Trecs or shrubs, not dotted, but with a balsamic juice. Leaves
pinnately or ternately compound. No stipules. Disk free or adnate to the calyx-tube.
Ovary entire. Ovules usuaDy 2 iu each cell. Albumen none. Cotyledons much folded or
rarely thick and fleshy.

XXXI. MELIACE.E. Trees or shrubs, with compound or rarely simple leaves. No sti-
pules. Stamens mouadelphous. Anthers sessile or rarely stipitate within or on the top of
the staminal tube. Ovary entire. Ovules 2 in each ceU. Albumen noue or fleshy.

Alliance VIII. Olacales. — Disk various or none. Ovary entire. Ovules \to%in
a soidarij cfill, or 1 in eacJi cell, fendulous with a dorsal raphe, the integuments not dis-
tinct froni the nucleus. Seeds solitary in thefrint or in the cells. Albumen copious.

XXXII. Olacinej:. Trees or shrubs, rarely undershrubs or climbers. No stipules.
Petals or corolla-lobes valvate (except Fillaresia). Ovarj^ 1-ceUed or incompletely 3- to 5-
ceUed. Fruit 1-seeded.

XXXIII. iLiciNEyE. Trces or shrubs. Xo stipules. Petals or corolla-lobes imbricate.
Ovary 3- or more ceUed.

A.lliance IX. Celastrales. — Bisk thick and fleshy or adnate to the cahjx, the
stamensoutside or uponit. Ovary entire {ercept Stackhousia). Ovules \ or 2 in each
cetf, erect icith a ventral raphe.

XXXIV. Celastrine^. Trees or shrubs, with simple leaves. Stipules none, or minute
and deciduous. Calyx-lobes imbricate. Petals spreading. Stamens alternating with the
petals or fewer. Ovary eutii'e.

XX.\.V. STACKHousiE.i;. Herbs or undershrubs, with simple leaves. Calyx-lobes im-
bricate. Petals erect, usually counate. Stameus alternating with the petals. Ovary lobed.

XXXVI. RHAMNE.E. Trees or shrubs, with simple leaves. Stipules usuaUy present.
Calyx-lobes valvate. Petals smaU, concave (or none). Stamens opposite the petals. Ovary
entire, often inferior.

XXXVI r. Ampelide.e. CHmbers, with simple or compound leaves, the petiole usuaUy
expanded into a stipule. Calyx-lobes imbricate. Petals valvate. Stamens opposite the
l^etals. Ovary entire. Albumen cartUaginous. Embryo smaU.

Alliance X. Sapindales. — Bisk fleshyor adnate to the calyx, loithin. or under or
outside t/ie stamens. Gyncerium entire, lobed or apocarpous. Oaules \ or 2, in each cell,
ascending toith a ventral raphe, or reversed, or suspended from an erect funiculus, or pen-
dulou^ icith an inferior micropyle.

XXXVIII. Sapindace^. Trees, shrubs, or climbers, with compound or simple leaves.
Stamens auisomerous with the petals, or tvvice as many as petais or of the same uumber,
often (but not always) withiu the disk. Style 1. Ovules ascending.

XXXIX. Anacardiace.«. Trees or shrubs, with compound or simple leaves. Stamens
as mauy or twice as mauy as petais, never withiu the disk. Ovules suspended from an erect
funicle or from the top or side of the ceU with au iuferior micropyle.

Order I. RANUNCULACE^.

Sepals 3 or more, most frequently 5, usually petal-like and deciduous.
Petals of the same number or more, or sometimes none, or very small and
deformed. Stamens indefinite, hypog^nous, free. Anthers innate. Gynoecium
of several carpels, usually free ; ovules anatropous, either solitaiy and as-
cending, with a ventral raphe, or pendulous with a dorsal raphe, or several.
Fruit of one or more indehiscent achenes or berries, or folliculai- capsules, the
distmct styles usually persistent as short poiuts, or lengthened into long.

I. RANUNCULACE.E. 5

often bearded tails. Seeds without auy arillus. Embryo very sraall, near
tlie base of a copious albumen. — Herbs either annual or with a perennial
rootstock, or creeping stolons, with radical or alteniate leaves, or climbers
with opposite leaves. Leaves entire, or palmately or pinnately lobed or
divided, the petiole often dilated and sheathing at the base, or rarely accora-
panied by stipular appendages. Hairs, when present, siraple. Flowers
regular (or in a few genera, not Australian, irregular), terminal or leaf-opposed,
rarely axillary, solitary paniculate or racemose.

The Order is chiefly numerons in the temperate regions of the northern hemisphere, rai-e
within the tropics, and uot representcd by many specics in the southern hcinisphere. The
Anstralian ones are all extratropical, and belong to genera more numerously represented in
the north.

Tribk I. Clematidese. — Sepals valvate. Carpels hidehiscent, with 1 pendidous ovule
or seed hi each. Stems often climhing. Leaves opposite.
Petals none 1. Clematis.

Tkibe II. Anemoneae. — Sepals imhricate. Carpels hidehiscent, icith 1 pendulous
ovule or seed in each. Herhs. Leaves radical or alteruate or forming an involucre
beloio the floicer.

Petals none. Invohicre below the flower. Achenes in a short head . . 2. Anemone.
Petals minute, narrow. No involucre. Achenes very numerous, iu a

long, close, slender spike 3. Myosurus.

Tribe III. lianunculese. — Sepals imbricate. Carpels indehiscent, with 1 ascending
ovule or seed in each. Herhs. Leaves radical or alternate.
Sepals deciduous. Petals 3, 5, or more 4. Ranunculus.

Tribe IV. Helleborese. — Sepals imhricate. Carpels usualhj opening along the inner
edge, contahting several ovules or seeds. Herbs. Leaves radical or alternate.
Petals none 5. Caltha.

1. CLEMATIS, Linn.

Sepals 4, or rarely 5 to 8, petal-like, valvate in the bud. Petals none, or
smaller than the sepals, and passing gradually into the stamens. Cai-pels
uiany, with one peudulous ovule in each. Achenes capitate, sessile, or scarcely
stipitate, terminating iii a plumose or simple tail, forined by the persistent
and enlarged style. — Stem woody and climbing, or rarely dwarf or prostrate.
Leaves opposite, pinnately or ternately divided into three or more petiolu-
late segments, or rarely simple, the petiole often twisted or twining. Flowers
axillary or terminal, solitary, or in panicles, which are shortened branches
Avith the leaves reduced to small bracts, and often polygamous or dioecious.

A large genus, dispersed over the temperate regions both of the New and the Old World,
rare wilhin the tropics. The Australian species are all endemic, although one is closely
connected with a South Pacilic one. They have all siinple or once- or twice-ternately divided
leaves, dicecious, apetalous, white or cream-coloured tlowers, the males usually without any
ovaries, the females with a few imperfect stamens, and the carpels of al^ have plumose tails.

Anthers linear or oblong, tipped by a subulate or oblong appendage.
Woody climbcrs. Leaflets mostly once or twice teruate.
Auther-points slender. Leaflets almost coriaceous, when

large usually toothed, when small twice ternate . . . \. C. aristata.
Anthcr-points very short. Lcaflcts usually 8, rather hirge,

thin, and entire 3. C. ghjcinoidcs.

6 I. RANUNCULACE/E. [Clematis.

Stem prostrate, crcepiiig, or shortly crect. Leavcs simple or
with 3 leaflets. Flowers large, usually solilary. Anther-

tips very short 2. C. gentianoides.

Anthcrs short, without any appendage.

Leaflets ternatc, rathcr large, loosely pubescent underneath . 3. C. glycinoid.es,

var. suhmutica.
Leaflets mostly twice teraate, small or narrow, glabrous or

closely pubcscciit 4. C microphgUa.

1. C. aristata, R. Br. in DC. Syst. Veg. i. 147. A woody cliinber,
trailing over rocks and bushes, or ascending into tall trees, glabrons, or softly
pubescent, especially on the inflorescence. Leaves raostly on long petioles,
and divided into 3 petiolidate segnients or leaflets, varying from ovate-cordate
to naiTow-lanceolate, obtuse or acute, 1 to 2 or even 3 in. long, usually
irregidarly toothed when large, entire when small, and of a firm consistence
when full grown, bnt some of the leaves near the base of the flowering
branches are occasionally simple, and others have often twice ternate leaflets.
Flowers white or yellowish, iisually in short panicles or clusters in the upper
axils. Sepals 4, or very rarely 5, oblong or linear-lanceolate, usually f to
1 in. long when fuUy out, glabrous or pubescent. Anthers oblong-linear,
tipped by a subulate appendage, often as long as the cells, usually rather
shorter, but seldom so short as in the two following species, the outer anthers
on long filaments, the inner ones ahnost sessUe. Achenes numerous, ovatc
or huiceolate, pubescent or ghibrous, with a pluniose tail often attaining l^ in.
— F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 3; Bot. Reg. t. 238.

N. S. TVales. Port Jackson, R. Brotvn, Sieber, n. 273, and others, and southward
to Illawara, Backhonsc aud others ; Twofold Bay, F. Mueller.

Victoria. Jloist forcst localitics, chieCy along banks of rivcrs and rivulets as far west
as thc Granipiaus, F.Mueller.

Tasmania. Alniudant throughout the island, J. B.IIooker.

W. Australia. Swan River, Htiegel, Brummond, Preiss, n. 1344, 1345, and 1346,
and othcrs ; froni Kiug Georije^s Sound to the northern parts of the colony, Ilerh. F.
Mueller.

The difFerent forms assumed by the uumerous specimens wc have of this spccies may be
chissed under the following priucipal varietics : —

a. coriacea. Lcatlets largc, usually once teruate. Flowers often pubescent or villous.
Carpds pubcscent. — C. coriacea, DC. Syst. Veg. i. 146; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 2. — From
Port Jackson to Tasmania.

b. hlanda. Leaflcts usually small and ofteu twice temate (sometimes incompletely so, the
leaves appeariug at first sight simply piunate with 5 leaflets). Flowers and carpels glabrous.
C. clitorioides, DC. Syst. Veg. i. l'58; C. blanda, Hook. Journ. Bot. i. 241 ; Hook. f. Fl.
Tasm. i. 3. — South coast of Victoria and Tasmania.

c. occidenialis. Like a, but usually morc pubescent, with narrower sepals and shorter
appendagcs to tlic anthcrs; some wcstern specimens cannot however be distinguished from
some of the Port Jackson oues. — C. pubescens, Ilucg. Enum. 1 ; C. ellijjtica, Endl. in
Hucg. I. c. ; C. indivisa, Steud. in Pl. Prciss. ii. 262, not WiUd. ; C. discolor, Steud. I. c.
C. cognata, Stcud. 1. c. 2G3 ; C. Gilhertiana, Turcz. in Bull. Mosc. 1854, ii. 273.— Wcst
Australia.

2. C. gentianoides, DC. Si/st. Feg. i. 159. Believed by F. Mueller
lo be a varicty of C. arlslata, but, if so, it is so strongly marked a one as to
have all tlie appearancc of a distinct species. The steni creeps uiiderground,
throwing up short tufts of flowering branches, or lies prostrate on the ground,
to the length of 3 or 4 feet at most. Leaves usually simple or with 3 seg-

Clematis.'] l. ranunculace.e. 7

inents, large, ovate-laiiceolate ov lanceolate, andtina. Flowers large, usually
glabrous, solitary, or few in loose clusters. Anther-appendages short. Achenes
villous, narrow. — Deless. Ic. Sel. i. t. 5 ; Hook. f. Fl. Tasui. i. t. 3.

Tasmania. Not so conamou as C. aristata, but fouud iu various parts of the colony,
always iu poor soil, -/. D. Hooker.

3. C. glycinoides, DC. Syst. Veg. i. 145. A woody climber, very
near to those forms of C. aristata which have simply ternate rather hu-ge
ovate-knceolate or cordate leaflets, but these leaflets are usually of a thinner
consistence, ofteu broader, and quite entire or varely with a single tooth near
the base. Flowers usually smaller, the sepals narrow, from i to f in., pubes-
cent or rarely glabrous. Anthers rather shorter, with a very short obtuse
and almost ghuid-like appendage. Achenes giabrous or pubescent, usually
narrower than in C. aristata, with tails of about 3 in. — C.stenosepala, UC.
Sy&t. Vcg. i. 147.

Queensland. Keppel Bay, R. Brown (a form with 3 large broad segmeuts).

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson aud Port Macquarie, R. Brown and others ; Lord Howe
Island. Prom the latter statiou we have a small specimen, gathered by Mibie, with the
foliage of Brown's specimen from Keppel Bay. Another female specimeu, gathered iu Lord
Howe Islaud by JttGiUivray, who states it to be very abundaut there, has several of the
leaves large, simple, and orbicular-cordate, with 7 to 9 uerves. This couuects it very closely
with C. cocculifolia, A. Cunn. in Auu. Nat. Hist. ser. 1. iv. 2(50, from Norfolk Islaud,
which has most of the leaves simple and orbicular, and with C. Pickeringii, A. Gray, iu
Bot. Amer. Expl. Exped. i. 1, from the Fiji Islands, which has three large leaflets. AIl
these plauts have similar floral characters, aud may not uulikely prove to be varieties of oue
species.

Var. ? suhmutica. Leaf-segments loosely pubescent underneath, sepals shorter, broader,
and more villous than iu the other forms, anthers short, tipped by a rainute glaud or entirely
without appeudage, as in C. microplii/lla. — Clarence river and Brisbaue river, Herb. F.
Mueller, upon whose authority I iuscrt it as a vadety of C. cjhjcinoides, the spccimeus beiug
as yet insutKcient to determine whether it may not really be a distinct spccies.

4. C. microphylla, DC. Syst. Veg. i. 147. A tall woody cliraber, vvith
the habit of the smaller-leaved varieties of C. aristata. Leaflets mostly
twice ternate, narrow, from ovate-lanceolate or oblong to nearly linear,
^ to 1 iu. long, but sometimes simply ternate and larger and broader,
or three times tevnate and much smallev. Flowevs rather sraaller than in
C. aristata, usually numerous in short panicles. Sepals creara-coloured, from
oblong-lanceolate to narrow-linear, mostly about i in. rarely near 1 in.
loug, glabrous ov pubescent. Stamens with unequal filaments as in C. aris-
tata, but the anthevs ave always vevy shovtly oblong ov ovate and vevy obtuse,
without any tenninal appendage. Achenes of C. aristata, but usually with
thicker, often wrinkled ov wavted mavgins and longev tails. — F. Muell.
Pl. Vict. i. 4 ; C UuearifoHa, Steud. ; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i, 4, ^. 1 ; C ste-
nopJiylla, Fras. ; Hook. in Mitch. Tvop. Aust. 368.

Queensland. On the Maranoa, Mitchell ; Moreton Bay, Herb. F. Mueller.
N. S. Wales. Prequent iu the westeru interior, A. Cimningham, Fraser, and ofhers.
Victoria. South coast, R. Brown ; not rare along the coast and ou the bauks of rivers
near the sea, much less frequeut iulaud, F. MueUcr.

Tasmania. Sandhills, George Towu aud Flinders Island, Gunn.

5. Australia. Banks of the Torrcns, Whittaker, and other poiuts aloug the coast,
F. Mueller.

8 I. KANUNCULACEiE. [Clemath.

W. Australia. King George's Sound, CoUie ; Swau River, Drummond ; Preiss, n.
1343.

Var. occidentalis. Caq)els narrower and seldom vmokled, with tails often of 3 to 4
inches. Sepals usually long and narrow. — C. linearifolia, Steud. in Pl. Preiss. ii. 262. Ap-
parently the usual form in West Australia.

Var. leptophylla, Y. Muell. Leaf-segments very small and nai-row. Trailing over gra-
nite rocks on the Snowy River and Mitta Mitta, F. Mueller.

2. ANEMONE, Limi.

Involiicre of 3 or more leaves or lobes either close to the flower or on the pe-
duncle below it. Sepals 4 to 20, petal-like. Petals none. Caqiels indefinite,
with 1 pendulous ovule in each. Achenes in a globular or oblong- head, gla-
brous or woolly, pointed by the persistent style, which is sometimes lengthened
into a bearded tail. — Herbs, with a perennial rootstock. Leaves radical, cut
or lobed. Scapes radical, leafless except the invokicre. Flowers tenninal,
variously coloured, but not bright yellow. Stamens shoiier than the sepals.

A large genus, chielly dispersed over the tempcrate or mountainous regions of the northern
hemispherc. A few sjiecics arc found in South Anicrica and southern Africa, but they are
further removed evcn than some of the northcru ones from the Australian oue, which is
strictly endemic.

1. A. crassifolia, Eool-. Ic. Pl. t. 257. Eadical leaves on rathcr long
petioles ; scgments 3, distinct \)\\i sessile, obovate or ahuost orbicuhir, from
i to f in. long or rarely 1 inch, more or less deeply divided into 3 or more
broad obtuse lobes, thick and ahuost succulent or coriaceous, ghnbrous or
sprinkled with rigid appressed hairs. Scape 6 to 8 iu. high, clothed with
appressed hairs, especially in the upper part. Involucre rather above tlie
middle, irreguLirly divided into 2 or 3 sessile lobed segments. Sepals usually
6 or 7, vvhite, ovate or obovate, ^ to -l in. long. Achenes in a globular head,
glabrous, rather inflated, terminating in a glabrous point about two lines
long, hooked at the extremity. — Hook. f. Pl, Tasm. i. 4.

Tasmania. Mountains of the Black BluflF range and vvest of Cape St. Clair, at au ele-
vation of 4000 to 5000 feet, Gunn, Milligan.

3. MYOSURUS, Liun.

Sepals usually 5, produced below their insertiou into a small spur. Petals
5, small and very narrow, ahnost tubular at the top, often wanting. Carpels
numerous, with oue pendulous ovule in each. Achenes closely packed in a
long slender spike, flat on the back, or with a raised nerve ending in the short
persistent style. — Small anniuils with lincar radical entire leaves. Flowers
very small, on leafless scapcs.

A gcnus comprising, besides thc following, only one other specics, M. aristat/is, Gcyer, dis-
tinguished by thc niore prominent and spreadiug points of the achcnes, which although
originaily dcscribed from North Amcrica and from Chili, has also bceu found in New Zca-
land, and may uot improbably appear in Australia.

1. M. minimus, Linn. ; BC. Prod. i. 25. Leaves somctimes not an
inch long, sometimes attainiiig 2 or even 3 inches, including their long pe-
tiole. Scapes shorter or longer than the leaves. Sepals yellowish or pale
green, very small ; petals rarely longer than the calvx, and in the Australian

Myosurus.l i. eanunculace^. 9

specimens often deficient. Stamens usually 4 or E, and seldom above 10.
Achenes sometimes near 300, the head leugthening into a spike of 1 to 2
inchcs, which has been compared to a mouse's tail. — F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 4 ;
A. Gray, Gen. 111. t. 8 ; M. australis, F. Muell. in Trans. Phil. Soc. Vict. i. 6.

Victoria. Moist places near permanent waters, or open places where rain-water lodges
from time to time, F. Mueller.

Tlie species is widely spread over Europe, temperate Asia, northern and western America,
aud may possibly have beeu introduced iuto Australia.

4. RANUNCULUS, Linn.

Sepals usually 5, deciduous. Petals as many or more, usually marked with
a small nectariferous pit, or a minute scale near the base. Carpels several,
with a single ascending ovule in each. Achenes in a globular or ovoid head
or oblong spike, tipped or beaked by the persistent hooked or straight style.
— Herbs either annual or with a perennial rootstock, and tufted entire or
vaiiously cut radical leaves. Piowering stems either a leafless scape, or several-
flowered, bearing few leaves and chiefly at the base of the peduncles. Plowers
yeUow, white, or red.

A large geuus abouudiug in the temperate and colder regious of both the northei'n aud
southern hemispheres, but more especially in the former, and almost coufined in the
tropics to the higher mountain rauges. The Australian species have uo peculiar character,
but beloug to the three priucipal sections of the geuus, and two at least are specifically iden-
tical with widely-spread uortheru species.

Sect. 1. Batrachium. — Carpeh transversely wrinklecl. Water-plants wiih their
leaves when suhmergedjinely dividedinto segments. Flowerswhite. 1. R.aquatilis.

Sect. 2. Hecatonia. — Carpels smooth. Perennials (in Aiistralia) with a tufted
rootstnck, or creeplng or floating stolons. Floicers white or yellow.
Kadical leaves pinuate, with narrow-linear, entire or divided, rather
distant segments.
Rootstock a cluster of short thick fibres. Stems mostly 2-flowered,

longer thau the leaves. (Fl. yellow ?) 2. iil. Rohertsoni.

Kootstock tufted with long fibres. Scapes 1-flowered, shorter than

the leaves. Fl. white 3. ^. Millani.

Radical leaves orbicnlar, with numerous overlapping lobes. Stem-

leaves simUar but sessile. Flowers large, white 4. .S. anemoneus.

Radical leaves w-ith uumerous uarrow-liuear segments, piunate but
crowded at the top of the petiole. Flowers yellow.
Cai-pels numerous, (apering into a beak either straight or slightly
hooked. Petals narrow, often more than 6.

Sepals from f to nearly as long as the petals 5. ^. Gunnianus.

Sepals not half so long as the petals 6. iJ. dissectifolius.

Carpels vvith a much recurved point. Leaf-segments less crowded.

Petals usually 5, obovate 7. R.taj/paceiiS,\d.r.

Radical leaves pinnate, with flat segments or digitate. Flowers yellow.
Stems tufted or erect or decumbent, without stolous. Petals
usually 5.
Calyx appressed or spreadiug, uot reflexed.

Carpels with a much recurved point. Plant hi%pid, or silky
hairy, or nearly glabrous. Leaves piunatisect, or 3- to 5-

lobed, or entire T. R. /appaceus.

Carpels numerous, tapering into a straight or siightly hooked
beak. Leaves thick, entire or 3-lobed, silky underneath,
with loug tubercidar hairs above 8. R. Muelleri.

10 1. RANUNCULACEyE. [Ranttnculus.

Calyx reflcxcd. Stem weak, hirsute. Leaves not pinnate.

Flovvers small 9. iJ. plebeius.

Stcms creeping, floating, or stoloniferous. Plant glabrous or nearly

so. Leavcs digitate. Petals usually 6 to 10 10. B. rivularis.

Sect. 3. Echinella. — Carpels tuhercidate or muricate or hispid on the sides.
Annuals. Flowers yellow.

Flowcrs lateral, sessile, or on pcduncles shorter than the leaves.
Hairy plant, with vcry small flowers, often sessile. Carpels usually

about 1 line long, with a snniU rec-urved point ...... 11. R. parviflorus.

Glabrous ])lant. Flowers all pcdunculate. Carj^els much muricatc,

2 lines loug or niore, with a stout beak R.muricatus.{p.\^.)

Flowers termiual, pedunculate R.philonotis.{\).\h.)

1. R. aquatiliSy Linn. ; DC. Prod. i. 26. A most variable species,
easily known by its stem either floating in water or creeping in lialf-dried
mud, by its white flowers and very small ovoid carpels marked with transverse
wrinkles. It is always glabrous, excepting sometimes the carpels and their
receptacle. In the Australian specimens the leaves are all submerged and
divi(U'.d into numerous very fine linear segments ; in uorthern ones, there are
frecpiently also a few upper leaves spreading on the surface of the water, which
are rounded and more or less cut iuto 3 or 5 wedge-shaped, obovate, or
rounded lobes. Peduncles axiUary and 1-flowered. Petals 5 or sometimes
more, white, without auy scale or spot at the base ; in most Australian speci-
mens they ai'e scarcely longer than the calyx, aud thc stamens are very few,
but somelimes the petals are fully twice as long, and the stamens numerous.
— Hook. f. FI. Tasm. i. 5. ; F. Muell. PI. Yiet. i. 5.

Victoria. Bacclius Marsh, Murray river, Mitta-Mitta river, etc, F. Mueller.
Tasmania. Lake river, near Grindelwald and Formosa, Gunn ; South Esk river and
ncar Evandale, C. Stuart.

S. Australia. Near Adelaide, on the Lower IMurray river, etc, Behr, F. Mueller.
The species i.s abundant in the waters of the northern hcmisphere.

2. R. Robertsoni, Benth. AUied to R. Millanl, but distinguished
from all Australian species, and in some measure connected with some of thc
European ones by its rootstock consisting of a cluster of short thiek flbres.
Radical lcaves usually 2 or 3 in. long, pinnately divided in their upper por-
tion intQ a few rather distant narrow liuear segments, which are often again
divided into 2 to 5 lobes, not imlike those of R. Millani, glabrous or with a
few silky appressed hairs. Flowcr-stems often 2-flowercd, 3 to 8 in. high, with
1 or 2 narrow and not much cut leaves. Flowers rather large, appearing
yellowdsh in tlic dried specimens, but possibly white. Sepals not half so long
as the petals. Petals .'>, o])ovate, with a small glandular pit. Aeliencs in
tin ovoid head on a slender glabrous receptable, glabrous and smooth, tapering
into a long and slightly hooked beak.

Victoria. Forest land near the Glcnelg, and in Nangela Vale, Bobertson.

3. R. Millani, F. Mnell. in HooJc. Kew Journ. vii. 358, and Pl. Vid. i.
6. A dwarf tufted pcrennial, with long clustered fibres, occasionally emitting
a short stolon tcrminating in another tuft. Leaves all radical, 1 to 2 in.
long, pinnately divided iu thcir uppcr portion into a few narrow-Iinear seg-
ments either entire or again dividcfl, most of them terminating in a smaU
gland, glabrous or hispid, with a few long hairs. Scapes 1-flowered, leaflcss,

Jlanunculus.] l. RANUNCULACE^, 11

shorter than the leaves and often very short. Flowers white, although some-
times appearing yellowish when dry. Sepals not above half as long as the
petals. Petals 5 to 10, obovate or oblong-cuneate, the glandular pit very
small. Achenes in a giobular head with a short recurved style ; receptacle
hairy, very short.

Victoria. Gravelly places on most of the summits of the Australian Alps, F. Mueller.

4. R. anemoneus, F. Muell. in Trans. PJdl. Soc. Vict. i. 97, and Pl.

Fict. i. 7. ^. 1. A rather stout perennial, hirsute with long soft hairs, or
glabrous. Rootstock thick, with long clustered fibres, and bearing several
broad thin scales at the base of the leaves and stems. Radical leaves on long
petioles of 5 to 10 in., nearly orbicular, 2 to 4 iu. diameter, deeply divided
into 3 or 5 segments, which are again digitately cut and lobed, the segments
overlapping each other so as to make the leaf appear peltate, the ultimate
lobes short aud lanceolate. Stem 9 in. to 1 ft. high, 1- to 3-flowered, with
a sessile, deeply-lobed, nearly orbicular leaf at the base of each peduncle.
Flowers large and white. Sepals 5 to 7, rarely more than half the length of
the petals. Petals usually numerous, oblong-cuneate, often -1 in. long, the
glandiilar pit rather large. Carpels uumerous, in a globular head, tapering
into a straight or scarcely hooked beak.

Victoria. Aloug spriags near the summits of the Muuyang mouutains, F. Miieller. A
very distiuct species, allied in some respects to R. tiivicola, from Nevv Zealaud, but readily
knowu by thc sessile stem-leaves.

5. R. Gunnianus, Hook. Journ. Bot. i. 244. 1. 133. Eootstock thick,
sometimes horizontal or shortly creeping, with long fibres. Leaves all radical
and glabrous, or with a few long hairs, the petioles varying from 2 to 6 in.,
pinnately divided at the top into crowded linear or linear-Ianceolate segments,
most of them again once or twice divided, all thicker and firmer than in R.
Mlllani, mostly tipped by a small glaud. Scapes leafless and 1-flowered,
usually longer than the leaves, silky hairy, at least at the summit. Flowers rather
large, yeUow, but often, especially the sepals, purple outside. Sepals nearly
as loug as the petals, glabrous. Petals 5, 6, or rarely more, cuneate-oblong,
6 to 9 lines long, usually with three glandular pits, the central one rather
longer than the other, but sometimes only 1 and occasionally 5 pits to each
petal. Carpels numerous, in a globidar head, with a conical triquetrous or
flattened beak, not hooked at the point. — Hook. f. FI. Tasm. i, 5 ; F. MueU.
Pl. Vict. i. 9.

Victoria. Grassy places throughout the greater portion of the Australian Alps at an
elevation of from 4500 to 7000 ft., F. 3Iueller.

Tasmania. Hampshire hills, Western mountains, Ben Lomoud, aud as far north as
Mount Lapeyrouse, etc, at about 4000 ft. elevatiou, Lawrence, Gunn.

The large loose grains of the arbumeu meutioned by Hooker, do not appear to be in their
normal state ; for I fiud the albumen of apparently quite ripe seeds, dense and fleshy as in
other Ranunculi.

6. R. dissectifolius, P. Muell. Herb. Considered by F. Mueller as
a variety of li. iappaceus, but it appears to me to be more nearly allied to R.
Gunnianus, and although iutermediate, as it were, between the two species,
yet separated from both by characters not to be neglected. Leaves divided
into numerous linear lobes and segments, crowded at the top of the petiole.

12 I. RANUNCULACE.E. [Raiiunculus.

and often tipped with a gland, especially wlien veiy narrow, and achenes nu-
merous, with straight or scarcely hooked beaks, as in R. Gunnianus. Hairs
usually copious and spreadiug, and sepals not half so long as the petals, as in
R. lappaceus. Scapes usually 1-flowered and leafless, or with a single leaf.
Petals more than 5, usually 8 to 10, narrow, the glandular pit usually veiy
faint and sometimes quite imperceptible.

Victoria. Wet alpine meadows of the Munyaug mountaius, at an elevatiou of 5000 to
6000 ft., F. Mueller.

7. R. lappaceus, 8m. ; DC. Prod. i. 39. A perennial, more or less
clothed with soft spreading or rarely silky and appressed hairs. Rootstock
short, with long fibres and no stolons. Leaves chiefly radical, on long pe-
tioles, usually divided into 3 or 5 deep lobes or segments, ovate or rhomboid-
cuneate, either pinnately distinct or, if confluent, ahnost palmate, although
the middle lobe is generally longer than the lateral ones, each lobe or segment
is often again lobed or toothed and sometiines much cut into naiTow lobes,
more rarely the leaves are all entire or sliortly 3-lobed. riowering stems
either a leafless 1-flowered scape or branching and erect or decumbent, bear-
ing several flowers aud a few leaves, smaller and less divided than the radical
ones. Flowers of a rich yellow. Sepals hairy or rarely glabrous, usually
rauch shorter than the petals, appressed or open, but not closely reflexed.
Petals usually 5, broadly obovate and rather large, with a small glandular pit
near the base. Carpels in a globular head, compressed or rarely turgid, gla-
brous and smooth, witli a recurved style, usually short, but longer and slender
in some western specimeus. — Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 6 ; F. ^Muell. Pl. Yict. i. 7 ;
R. colonorum, Endl. in Hueg. Enum. 1 ; R. discolor, Steud. in Pl. Preiss. i.
263 (calyx certainly not reflexed).

N, S. AVales. Port Jacksou and in the iuterior, appareutly coramou, R. Broicn and
others.

Victoria. Grassy places, from the lowlands to the limits of eternal snow ; here and
there also in boggy aud swampy localities, F. Mueller.

Tasmania. Very common all over the island up to the highest summits, /. B. Hooker,
Gxiun.

S. Australia. In the pasture lands, BeJir.

■W. Australia. In sandy shady woods not far from the sea, Preiss, n. 1347. Black-
wood river, Oldjield.

The following forms, all unitcd by F. ^lueller with R. lappaceus, aud certaiuly ap])ear-
ing somctimes to pass into the common one by intermediate gradations, are uevertheless
suflBcieutly well characterized to be considered at least as marked varieties : —

Var. 2)ii)ipineIfi/oU/(S. A small plant, with spreading hairs. Leaves all radical, distiuctly
piunate, with usually 5 sliort, broad, 3- or 5-lobed segmeuts. Scapes 1-fiowered, leafless or
wilh oue small bract. Pit of thc petals usually distaut from the base. R. pimpineUi-
foliits, Hook. Journ. Bot. i. 243, aud Ic. Pl. t. 200. R. hirtus, Mook. f. Fl. Tasm. i.
6, but scarcely of Banks aud Solauder, which has thc reflexed calyx aud uarrow petals of
R. plebeius. — Australian Alps, F. Mueller. Tasmania, in moist places chiefly in the moun-
tains, Gunn, including an alpiue form, with much smaller petals.

Var. scapigerus. Very villous. Leavcs all radical, short and broad, deeply 3- or 5-lobed,
with obovate cuneatc lobes, the middle oue scarcely longer than the latcral ones. Scapes
1-flowered and leafless, or fcw-flowered with small leaves. Flowers small. Calyx almost
rellexed. — R. scapigerus, Hook, Jouru. Bot. i. 244 ; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 7. — Australian
Alps, F. Mueller. Tasmania, mountaius, Gunn. This form seems to pass alinost into
R. plebeius as to technical characters, but the habit is very differeut.

BonuncHlHs.'\ i. ranunculace.e. 13

Var. snbsericens. Hairs all appresscd aud silky. Leaves usnally narrow, entire, 3-lobed
or piunately divided into 3 or 5 eutire segmeuts. Scapes 1-tlovvered. — Sumniits of tlie
Australian AIps, F. Mueller. Tasmauia, iu the Hampshire hiUs and Western Moimtains,
Gunn.

Var. nanvs. Dwarf and uearly glabrous. Leaves all radical, usually 3-lobed or of 3 seg-
ments. Flowers small, ou short scapes. — i?. nanus, Hook. Joui-n. Bot. i. 242 ; Hook. f. Fl.
Tasm. 1, 7 ; R- cuneatus, Hook. Jom-n. Bot. i. 242 ; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. 1, 8. — Australiaa
A Ips, F. Mneller. Tasmania, alpine districts, summits of the Western Moimtains, Arthur's
Lakes, etc, Gitnu.

8. R. Muelleri, Benth. Allied to R. lappaceus, var. sttbsericeus, but tlie
achenes are too difterent to admit of its being united in tlie same species, at
least imtil better known. Leaves all radical, undivided, entire or coarsely
3-toothed, oblong or cmieate, -1 to 1 in. long, very thick, covered on the upper
surface with long hairs proceeding from tubercles, aud underneath with
appressed short silky hairs. Scapes 1-tlowered. Tlowers nearly of R. lap-
paceus. Sepals very obtuse, not half so long as the petals. Petals 5, narrow-
obovate. Achenes numerous, in a dense glcjbular head, uarrower than in R.
lappaceus, and attenuated iuto a rigid, straight, or scarcely hooked .point.

Victoria. Summits of the Munyang mountains, F. Mueller.

9. R, plebeius, R. Br. hi BC. Syst. Veg. i. 288. Hirsute with spreading
or rarely nearly appressed hairs. Eadical leaves on long petioles, digitately
divided iiito 3 deeply lobed and toothed cmieate or rhomboid segraents.
Stems weak, decumbent or erect, often above a foot long and brauched, with
a few leaves, the lower ones more divided thau the radical ones, with the pri-
niary segmeuts petiolate, the others smaUer, more sessile, and less cut.
Flowers several, small, on long peduncles. Calyx reflexed, shorter than the
petals, very deciduous. Petals obovate or oblong, seldom above 2 lines long.
Achenes few or numeroiis, more or less compressed, rather small, with a
hooked or recurved slender style. — Steud. in Pl. Preiss. i. 263 ; R. liirtus,
Banks and Sol. in DC. Syst. Veg. i. 289 ; P. MueU. Pl. Vict. i. 8.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, U. Brown, aud northward to the Hastiugs river.

Victoria. Moe Swamp and Suowy Kiver, Narracan river and Baw-bavv mouutains,
F. l\lueller.

W. Australia. In the interior, Preiss, n. 1348.

The New Zealand R. hirtus, Banks aud Sol., appears to be a slight variety of this species.
A closely aUied South African oue has a rather differeut foliage, and the carpels often tuber-
culate or muricate, vvhich never occurs in Australian specimeus ; it passes uuder the uame
of R. pinnatus, Poir., which was originaUy given to an East Indian plaut, very near to and
perhaps ideutical with the Cape species, and that again almost passes into some European ones ;
but I do not think that auy except the New Zealand R. hirtus can be absolutely identified
with R. i^lebeius.

10. R. rivularis, Banhs and Sol. in DC. Syst. Veg. i. 270. Stems creep-
ing or stoloniferous, producing at every node tufts of radical leaves and erect
scapes, or weak sHghtly branched fiowering stems, rarely forming short
tliick rhizomes. Leaves on long petioles, digitately divided into 3, .5, or 7
segments, varying from cuneate to naiTOw-Unear, rarely entire, usuaUy 3-lobed,
and sometimes much cut, but never pinnate, either cpiite glabrous, as weU as
the whole plant, or rarely with a very few appressed hairs. Plowers yeUow,

14 I. RANDNCULACE^E. [Ranunculus.

usually small, the sepals not reflexed. Petals 6 to 10, about twice as long as
the sepals, or 5 only in sinall-flowered varieties, narrow-oblong. Achenes
rather small and broad, with a firm or slender recurved or rarely nearly
straight point, not tubercled or muricate. — F. INIuell. Pl. Yict. i. 8.

Queensland. Moretoa Bay, W. Hill.

N. S. 'Wales. Abundant about Port Jackson, Herh. Hooher.

Victoria. \\\ swamps, livulets, marshes, or inundated places from the coast to the
liiirlier Alps, as well iii brackish as in fresh water, F. Mueller.

Tasmania. Abundant in wet places, sometimes growiug in deep water, /. D. Hooher,
Guiin.

S. Australia. In swanipy lands, Behr. ; extending to the Darling and St. Vincenfs
Gulf, but rare in the Colony, F. Mueller.

This very variable species is recognizable in perfect specimens by its creeping or floating
stolons ; where these are wanting, the glabrous digitate leaves and narrow petals are the
best marks of distinction from the R. lafpaceus. The following are the most marked forms
it assumes.

Var. major. Tufts erect. Leaf-segments -^ to 1 in. long or more, often very narrow and
mnch cut, on petioles of 2 to 6 inches. Elowcrs rather large. — S. innndaius, R. Br. ia
DC. Svst. Veg. 1, 269. R. glabrifolius, Hook. Journ. Bot. i. 243 ; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 9.
n. incisus, Hook. f. Fl. Nov. Zcal. 1, 10. t. 4.

Var. subfluitans. Very slender and crceping, or half floating in large masses, with small
leaves, not much divided, and small ilowers aud achenes. — U. rivularis, Banks and Sol. in
DC. Syst. Veg. i. 270. R. inundalus, Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 8.

Var. inconspicnus. Still smaller, with very small flowers. — R. inconspicuus, Hook. f. Fl.
Tasm. i. 9. t. 2 B ; Gunn, n. 1018, 1019. — An alpiue form, which in the dried state might
be confoundcd with some of the minute specimens of R. lappaceus nanus.

Thc Ncw Zealaiid specimens appear idcntical with the Australian ones. The ncarest ap-
proach to it iu otlier countries is the Antarctic-American R. hiternatus, Sm. ; but that
has biternate petiolate leaf-segraents, and thick broad, almost reniforni achenes, very
different from those of any Australian specimens I have seen. R. acanlis, Banks, from
New Zealand and from Auckhiud Islands, referrcd to R. rivularis by F. Mueller, comes cer-
tainly near to the var. inconspicuus, but appears to me to be distinct, although perhaps a
rcducud form of R. hiternatus. The New Zealand R. rnacropns, Hook., is also supposed by
r. Mueflcr to be a variety of R. rivularis, but is too diflfcrent in several poiuts to be acbnitted
without having seen connecting specimens.

11. R. parviflorus, Linn. ; BC. Prod. i. 42: var. australis. A
slender liairy anmial, either vni\\ tufted erect stems of a few inches, or weak,
procumbent, and lengthening to a foot or even more, Leaves small, or-
bicular, the lower ones often only 3- or 5-lobed, but mostly divided into
three segments, either entire or 3-Iobed, or again cut into narrow segments.
Flowers small, leaf-opposed, sessile, or on short slender peduncles. Sepals
rarely above 1 line long and very decidnous. Petals 5 or fewer, seklom much
longer than the calyx. Aclieues in a sniall globular head, much compressed,
with a smooth margin, seldom much exceeding a line in breadtli in Australian
specimens, the sides covercd with short hairs, or tubercles, or sliort hooked
bristh's, the style forming usually a very short recurved point, more rarely
rigid and dihated at the base. — F. Muell.Pl. Vict. i. 9 ; R. ses.silijlor/is, R. Br.
in DC. Syst. Veg. i. 302 ; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 9 ; R colliniis, R. Br. 1. c.
i. 21\; R. pmiilio, R. Br. 1. c. i. 271 ; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 10 ; i2. leptocau-
lis, Hook. Journ. Bot. i. 244 ; R. pilulifer, Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 600,

Queeusland. In water-holes on the tops of the ranges in the interior, Mitchell.

N. S. TVales. Moist pastures and banks of rivcrs and lagoons, R. Brown and otheri.

Victoria. Common in similar stations, F. Mueller.

Banunculus.] i. RANUNCULACEyE. 15

Tasmania. i?. Broron, common, /. B. HooJcer, Gunn.

^V. Australia. Brummond.

The Australian variety above di'Scribed, which occurs also in Nevv Zealand, Las smaller
flovvers aud achenes, and they are more frequently sessile than in the usual typical form,
which is widely spread over Europe.

R. muricatus, Linn. ; BC. Prod. i. 42. — A densely-tufted annual, much larger and
co&yicv {\\i\n R. jiarvijforus ; leaves much longer and usually lcss divided ; flovvers larger,
yellow, on leaf-opposed peduucles ; carpels flat, much muricatcd, fully 2 lines loug, with a
flat, stout, recurved beak : a common weed in southern Europe and many parts of Asia, has
novv become w-ild about Melbourne.

R. philonotis, Eets ; BC. Frod. i. Al. An annual, with 3-lobed or divided leaves
like some of those of R. parviJJorus, but larger and less hairy, and with much larger yellow
flowers on tcrmiual peduucles, with a closely-reflexed calyx : a common European species,
has been found near the seacoast at Southport, in Tasmania, by C. Stuart.

5. CALTHA, Limi.

Sepals .5 or more, coloured and petal-like. Petals none. Carpels several,
sessile, distinct, bearing several ovules in a double row along their inner an-
gle, opening into follicles when ripe. Seeds obovoid ; testa crustaceous,
smooth, the raphe usiially very prominent. — GL^brous, tufted, or stoloniferous
herbs. Leaves mostly radical, entire or crenate, with pahnate nerves, cor-
date at tlie base, or sagittate with the auricles or basal lobes turaed upwards
over their face. Scapes 1-flowered and leafless, or few-flowered with a small
leaf at the base of each peduncle. Flowers yellow or rarely white.

The genus is confined to the temperate and cold regions of both the northern and southern
hemispheres. The southern oues ai-e alraost alvvays distinguished by the turned-up basal
lobes of the leavcs. The ouly Australian species is endemic, unless it prove a variety of the
New Zealand one.

1. C. introloba, F. Muell. in Trans. Tldl. Soc. Vict. i. 98, and Pl.

Vict. i. 10. A dwarf, glabrous, somewhat succulent perennial. Eootstock
thick, often elongated, producing numerous stoutish fibres. Leaves aU radi-
cal, the petioles J to 3 in. long, with broad, sheathing, membranous bases,
forming a stem-like sheath, reaching to half their length, the blade hastate-
ovate or ovate-lanceoLate, -^ to 1 in. or rather more in length, the 2 basal lobes
turned over the upper surface, often reaching above half its length. Scapes
1-flowered, sometimes scarcely exceeding the leaf-sheaths, sometimes 6 to 8
in. high. Sepals 5 to 8, linear-lanceohite, 4 to 5 lines long. Stamcns nsually
few. CaiiDels soraetimes .5 or 6, sometimes above 20, ovate-falcate or shortly
oblong, 2 to .3 lines long, and the outer ones ahnost horizontal when ripe,
tipped bv the persistent and usuallv straight style, containing 3 to 5 seeds. —
Hook. f.'Fl. Tasm. ii. 355.

Victoria. In gravelly places irrigated by the melting snows in the Australian Alps,
F. Mueller.

Tasmania. "Western Mountains, Archer.

Very closely allied to the C. Nova-Zelandiee, Hook. f., from New Zealaud, which indeed
appears only to ditfer in its broader and shorter leaves and recurved stylcs. [t has also
yellovv flovvers, whilst the Australian one has them white, perhaps oniy when fading ; bnt the
same difference in the colour of the flowers occurs in different plants oi C. palustris in the
Himalavas.

16 II. DILLENIACE/E.

OrderII. DILLENIACE^.

Sepals usually 5, persistent, imbricate in the bud. Petals 5 or rarely
fewer, deciduous, imbricate in tbe bud. Stamens hypogj'nous, indefinite, few
or numerous, or rarely definitely 10, free or rarely united in clusters. Anthers
innate or adnate. Gynoecium of carpels several, free and distinct or cohei-ing
at the base, or rarely single and excentrical, l-celled, with 1 or more ovules
in each. Styles quitc distinct and diverging. Fruit-cai-pels either indehis-
cent and succulent, or opening along the inner edge, or in two valves. Seeds
furnished with an arillus ; testa crustaceous. Embryo very small, at the base
of a fleshy albumen. — Trees, shrubs, climbers, or lierbs. Leaves alternate or
very rarely opposite. Stipules minute or none. Flowers usually yellow of
white.

A considerable Order, of vvhich rather the larger portiou, with regularly pinnate veins pro-
miaent on the uniler side of the leaves, is entirely tropical, and represented in Australia by a
siugle species of Wormia. The reuiainder of the Order, forming the tribe Hibberiiece, with
the midrib of the lcaf alone prominent, or rarely with reticulate veius, is almost entirely
Australian, thcre beiug besides oniy one species known from New Caledonia and two from
Madagascaj".

Anthers elongated, opeuing iu two pores at the top. Trees with large

lcaves, with raised parallel veius undcrucath 1. WoRMlA.

Anthers openiug lougitudinally. Uudcrshrubs, shrubs, or rarely climbers.
Leaves with a promiueut midrib and obscurc or rcticulate veius.
Perfect stamens free or nearly so, more than 10, or, if fewer, on one

side of the pistil 2. Hibbertia.

Stameus united iu 5 chisters,or in 3 clusters with two separate stamens 3. Candoli.ea.
Perfcct stameus 10 or fewcr, iu a complete riug rouud the pistil.

No stamiuodia within the perfect stamens 4. Adrast^a.

Two staminodia within theperfect stamens. Branches leafless . . 5. Pachymema.

1. WORMIA, Eottb.

Sepals 5, spreading. Petals 5. Stamens numerous, with erect linear an-
thers opening at the summit in two porcs, the inner ones often longer and
recurved. Carpels 5 to 10, scarcely cohcring, with scveral ovules in each,
dehiscent when ripe. Seeds with an ariUus. — Trees often verylofty. Leaves
large, with raised parallel veins diverging from the midrib, the petioles often
bordered with narrow deciduous wings. Flowers large, in loose terminal
panicles.

A tropical genus, extending over tropical Asia and the Indian Archipeiago, with one
Madagascar species. The only Australian one is endemic.

1. W. alata, E. Br. inBC. Syst. Veg. i. 434. GL'ibrous, or the young
parts very slightly hoary. Leaves oval or nearly orbicular, rounded at both
ends, 4 to 8 in. long, entire or slightly sinuate, rathcr rough to the touch,
with about 9 prominent veins on each side of the midrib and transversely
reticuhite veinlets, the petiolc 1 in. long or more, with longitudinal wings
about 1 line broad, which fall oif in the greater part of their length. Pe-
duncles termiiial, not usually exceeding the leaves, bearing 2 or 3 large
flowers on pedicels of nearly 1 in. Sepals 6 to 8 lines long, ovate, concave,

Wormia.'] II. DILLENIACEiE. 17

ciliate. Petals obovate, l^ in. loiig, narrowed at the base. Stamens very
numerous, tlio inner ones long and recurved, the others shorter, and the
ontermost sometimes small and barren. Gynoecium of 5 to 8 glabrous carpels,
tapering into long recurved styles. Ovules 6 to 8 in each carpel.

Queensland. Eiideavour river, Banks, A\ Ctmnmrjham ; Cape York, M'Gi//uray.

2. HIBBERTIA, Andr.

(Hemistemma, Pleurandra, and Hibbertia, DC. -, Ochrolasia, Turcz.;
1 1 eiuistephus, Briimmond.)

Sepals 5, spreading, sometimes sliortly united at the base. Petals 5.
Stamens indefinite, rarely fewer than 12, and then usually all on one side of
the cai-pels, either all perfect or some of them reduced to staminodia, all free
or the iilaments shortly and in-egularly united at the base ; authers erect, ob-
long, or rarely ovate or orbicular, opening in longitudinal slits. Carpels
usually 2 to 5, rarely solitary or more than 5, free or sliortly cohering on
their inner edge, witli 2 to 6 or rarely only 1 or more than 6 ovules in each.
Styles filiform, diverging, terminal or almost dorsal. Fruit-carpels usually
dehiscent at the top. Seeds reniform or nearly globuLar, with an entire or
divided arillus. — Shrubs or undershrubs, usually much branched and low,
erect or procumbent, sometimes almost herbaceous or clinibing, rarely 5 or
6 feet high. Leaves usually small, alternate in all the Australian species,
witli a midrib promineut underneatli, the lateral veius reticulate and rarely
prominent. Plowers yellow or white, solitary and terminal, or (owing to the
shortness or abortion of the flowering slioot) apparently axillary sessile in a
tuft of floral leaves or pedunculate.

Besides the Australiaa species, there are only tvTo knowu, both frciu Madagascar, belong-
ing to the section Hemistemma, but vvith opposite leavcs. The species of the first three
of the following sections are usually distributed into tvvo separate genera, Hemistemma and
Pleurandra, the Hemipleurandras being referred sometimcs to the oue, sometiiues to the
other; but their characters appear to be much less important and less conformable to habit
than was origiuaUy supposed, and I have foUowed MucUer in unitiug them with Hili-
bertia as sections only.

Sect. I. Hemistemma. — Perfect stametis and stamhiodia all on one side of the
carpels, the staminodia ovtside. Peduncles mostly 2- or more-fiowered, except in H. ver-
rucosa. — All tropical species escept H. verrncosa.
Leaves oblong or lauceolate, flat or the margins slightly recurved.
Leaves obtuse.

Leaves with recnrved margius, narrowed into a pctiole, rusty-

brown uuderneath. Sepals obtuse \. H. Banksii.

Leaves flat, closely sessile with a rounded base, white under-

neath. Sepals acute 2. H. Brotvnei.

Leaves acute or mucronate, white underneath.

Spikes terminal, several-flowered 3. ZT. dealhata.

Peduucles lateral, 2- or 3-, rarely 1-flowered \. H. candicans.

Leaves nari-ow-oblong or liuear, the margins revolute.
Leaves oblong-linear, thick, about \ iu. long.

Leaves and calyx glabrous or scabrous with stiff stellate hairs.

Pedunclcs l-flowered 8. H.verrucosa.

Leaves tomentose underneath. Sepals deusely and softly vil-

lous. Peduucles mostly 2- or 3-flowered 1. H. ledifolia.

VOL. I. C

18 II. DiLLENiACEiE. lllibbertia.

Leavcs narrow linear, about 1 in. long.

Softly hairy " 6. H. Mnelleri.

Glabrous. Leaves whitc uuderucath h. H. angustifoUa.

(llemislemma ? LeschenauUH, DC. Syst. Veg. i. 414, is a species of Bei/eria.)

Sect. II. Hemipleurandra. — Perfert stamens all on one side of the carpels ; sfa-
minodia 2 or 3 on each side of them, or more numerous and contintied round the carpels,
very rarely any outside the perfect stamens. — All westcru species.
Peduucles bearing 2 or morc sessile flowers in a one-sidcd spike.

Leavcs ghibrous. Staminodia corapletiug the riug of stamens . 9. H. spicata.

Leaves or sepals hirsute. Staminodia few 10. H. polystachya.

Peduncles 1-flowered.

Leaves oblong or linear, very obtuse, stellate-tomeutose or hoary
underneath.
Leaves niostly above 1 in., the margins scarcely recurvcd.

Ovules 4 11. H. furfuracea.

Leaves mostly \ in., the margins much revolute. Ovules 2 . 12. .ff. hypericoides.
Leavcs rigid, glabrous.

Leaves short, convex, reflesed 13. H. microphylla.

Leaves narrow-linear, the margius very closely revolute.

Leaves 2 to 4 lines, whitish, obtuse or recurvcJ at the eud 14. H. recurvifolia.

Leavcs mostly \ iu., straight, obtuse \h. H. lineata.

Leaves very poiuted 16. H. acerosa.

Flowers sessile.

Phint glabrous or nearly so. Leaves niostly ^ in. Sepals shining 17. H. aurea.
Leaves very obtuse, 2 to 3 lines long, hoary. Sepals pubescent 18. H. crassifolia.

Sect. ITI. Pleurandra. — Stamens all on one side of the carpels without any stami-
nodia. rediincle \-Jloivered or no7ie. — Spccies all southeru aud castern exccpt H. pedun-
ailata and H. mucronata, which are western.
Leaves obtuse or with a callous point, oblong or linear.
riowers sessile.

Leaves with flat or slightly recurved margins, glabrous or
slightly hairy.

Calyx glabrous 19. i7. nitida.

Calyx very villous 20. H. bracteata.

Leaves with their margins much revolute.

I;eaves softly pubcsccnt or villous, oblong or linear.

Sepals 3 to 5 liues. Floral leaves usually as long or

longcr. Pctals broadly obcordate 21. H.sericea.

Sepals 2 lines. Floral lcavcs small. Petals narrow • 22. H. hirsuta.
Leavcs narrow-linear, rigid, glabrous or scabrous . . . 23. //. stricta.
riowers pcduucuhite.

Ovulcs 4 or more in each carpel.

Leavcs obovate, obloug, or shortly linear 25. H. Billardieri.

Leavcs uarrow-liuear.

Stems virgate, or with numerous asccnding branches, or
divaricately brauched. Calyx glabrous, stellate-tomen-
tose, or, if liirsute, pedicels very short ..... 23. H. stricta.
Steuis prostrate. Calyx hirsute, on rather long pediccls 24. H. humifusa.
Ovules 2. Pcdunclcs slender.

Leaves obovate, oblong, or shortly linear. Pcdunclcs usually

short 25. H.Billardieri.

Lcaves narrow-liuear. Peduncles slender, -J to 1 inch.

Stems diffuse 26. H. gracilipes.

Leaves narrow-linear, very acutc, mostly pungeut.

Flowers on slender peduncles. Stems procumbeut or difluse.

Leaves much revolute or nearly terete, slightly poiuted . . 26. H. gracilipes.

Hidberiia.] li. dilleniace^. 19

Leaves uearly flat, rigidly puiigent 21. II. acicidaris.

riowers sessile or shortly peduiicled. Leaves loose, channelled

underneath. Sepals ratherobtuse 83. Il.stricta.

Flowers sessile. Leaves crowded, convex uuderneath. Outer

sepals luucronate or aristate 2S. //. vmcronata.

{Pleurandra reticidata, Hook. Joura. Bot. i, 245, described from a siugle specimeu ia
leaf only, is probably some Pultenaa.)

Sect. IV. £uhibbertia. — Sfamens placed all round the carpels, with occasionalty
smatl staminodia outside.

§ 1. TomeHtostp. — Carpels usually tomentose or scaly and 2-ovulate. Stamens numerous,
without any or rarely with small staminodia outside. Leaves flat or the maj-gins slightly
revolute, usually stellately tomentose or scaly. Flowers pedunculate, axillary.
Leaves oval, oblong, or cuneate.

Tomentum rigid, stellate, mised with simple hairs. Leaves cu-

neate, i to | in 20. II. hermanniafolia.

Tomentum soft and velvety. Leaves oblong, 1 to 2 in. . . . 30. H. velutina.
Tomentum close and whitish, stellate with a scale-like base.
Leaves f to 1 iu. long, with an intramarginal vein underneath.

Peduncles 1 to 2 lines long 31. if. oltongata.

Leaves \ \o\ in., without intramarginal veins. Peduncles 1

to 2 liues long 32. //. tomentosa.

Leaves \ to I5 in., without intramarginal veins. Pedunclcs

1 to Ik in. long 33. H. cistifolia.

Leaves scabrous with scattercd stcllate hairs. Sepals very

scaly. Peduncles 1 to 2 lines 34. H. echiifolia.

Leaves narrow-linear.

Tomentum stellate. Peduncles f to li in 35. ^. scabra.

Tomeutum of peltate scales. Peduncles 1 to 3 lines .... 36. H. lepidota.

§ 2. Vestitce. — Carpels (usually 3) villous, 4-6-ovuIate. Stamens with or without sta-

rainodia outside. Leaves small, uarrow, with revolute margins.

Flowers sessile, or peduncles not exceeding the leaves.

Stamens above 30, with several stamiuoJia 37. H. vestita,

Stamens under 15, without stamiuodia 38. H. serpytlifolia.

Peduncles louger thau the leaves. Stamens 15 to 25 .... 39. H. peduncutata.

§ 3. Ochrotasice. — Carpels glabrous, 6-8-ovuIate. No staminodia.
Leaves with revolute margins. Bracts small 40. //. ochrotasia.

§ 4. Fasciculatce. — Carpels glabrous, 2-6-ovuIate. No staminodia. Leaves very nar-
row, convex underneath, the margius not revolute. Bracts small. Flowers sessile.
ON-uIes 6 iu each carpel. Plant glabrous, procurabent .... 41. H. procumliens.
Ovulcs 2, or rarely 3 or 4 iu eaeh carpel. Leaves usually fine,

much clustered, often hirsute or pubesceut 42. H . fascicutata.

§ 5. Bracteatce. — Carpels glabrous, 1-2-ovuIate. No staminodia. Leaves flat or con-
vex underneath. Flowers (except iu H. rosteltata) closely sessile within broad browu shiniug
bracts, like those of some of the Hemihibbertice .
Leaves very uarrow, eonvex underueath.
Leaves obtuse.

Glabrous aud green. Leaves not dilated at the top . . . 43. H. virgata.
More or less hoary. Leaves mostly slightly cuneate . . . 44. II. inclusa.

Leaves recurved aud mucronate at the top 45. /f. rostetlata.

Leaves tlat, mostly oblong.

Glabrous. Leaves seldom above ^ in 46. H. glomerata.

Densely silvery-tomentose. Leaves i^ in. or more 47. H. argentea.

c 2

20 II. DiLLENlACE^. [Hibberiia.

Loosely pilose or pubescent. Leaves raostly above \ in.

Sepals very deusely silky-hairy. Brown bracts vcry con-

spicuous 49. II. montana.

Sepals loosely hairy. Brown bracts short and thin . . . 48. H. pilosa.
Sepals glabrous. Stamiuodia several 61. H. Myhiei.

§ 6. Subsessiles. — Carpels glabrous. Stamens usually nunierous, without staminodia.
Leaves flat or the margius slightly i-ecurved. Bracts small or passing into the sepals.
Flowers sessile or nearly so.
Carpels 1-2-ovulate. Stems erect or diffuse.
Leaves mostly under 1 in. long.

Leaves linear-obloug or scarcely enlarged above the middle.

Steins usually erect or ascending 50. H. linearis.

Leaves obovate or cuneate. Stems usually diffuse or prostrate 51. H. diffusa.
Leaves 1 to 3 in. loug. Plaut softly hairy.

Leaves obovate-oblong, obtuse 50. H. linearis, var.

Leaves lauceolate 52. //. salir/na.

Carpels 6-8-ovulate. Stems twining or trailing. Leaves large . 53. H. volubilis.

§ 7. Hemihihbertice. — Carpels glabrous or rarely villous. Stamens very numerous, with
several small, subulate or clavate staminodia outside. Leavcs ffat. Flowcrs pcduucidate,
except iu H. Mylnei.
Lcaves distinctly petiolate, ovatc, or oblong, mostly toothed.

Carpels 1 0 or morc, villous, 2-ovuIate 54. H.grossnlariafolia.

Carpels 3, glabrous, 6- to 8-ovuIate 55. H. deniata.

Leaves stem-clasping or tapering near the base and again dilatcd,
glabrous.
Leaves ovate or oblong.

Leaves all perfoliate, the auricles combincd. Sepals lanceolatc 56. H. perfoliata.

Auricles roundcd, shortly decurrent 57. H. bracteosa.

Auriclcs of most of the leaves distinct, angular, projcctiug be-

yond the stcm. Sej^als ovate-lanceolate 58. H. awpleAcaulis.

Leaves linear, mostly auricled 59. //. Cunninghami.

Leaves oblong-Ianccolatc, tapering at the base, and half stem-

clasping • .... 60. 5". glaberrima.

Leaves sessile, oblong, very hairy. Bracts at the base of the pe-
duucle broad aud brown, as in the Bracteata.

Sepals glabrous. Carpels 3. Flowers sessile 61. //. Mijlnei.

Sepals very silky-hairy. Carpels 5.

Larger leaves obovate-oblong, toothed. Carpels villous . . 62. H. lasiopus.
Largcr leaves narrow-oblong, entire. Carpels glabrous . . 63. H. potentillcejlora.

§ 8. Brachyantherce. — Carpels glabrous. Stamens about 15 to 20, without staminodia.
Anthers (except in H. pungens) ovate or orbicular, tlattcned, with introrse ccUs. Leaves
uarrow-lmear. Flowers peduuculate.

Lcaves rigid, pungent. Sepals about 2 liues. Anthcrs oblong . 64. H. pungens.
Lcavesrigid, recurvedat thctop. Sepals 5 to 6 lines. Authers ovate 65. H. nutans.
Leaves slender, but stiff and almost cyliudrical. Sepals not 2 lines.

Anthers orbicular 66. //. leptopus.

Lcavcs thin, Hat. Sepals about 2 liues. Anthers broader than loug 67. // stellaris.

Section 1. Hemistemma, R. Br. in DC. Si/sL Veg. i. 412 (as a distinct
genus). — Stamens usually numerous, all inserted on one side of the pistU,
with smaller imperfect oncs or staminodia outside of them ; filaments short,
anthers linear-oblong. Carpels 2, villous, with 2 or 3 ovules in each.

1. H. Banksii, Benth. Young branches and under side of the leaves

Hibbertia.'] ii. DiLLENiACE.f:. 21

deiisely clothed with a short, soft, rusty tonientum. Leaves oblong, obtuse, 2
to 3 in. long, ^ to near 1 in. broad, the margins more or less recurved, nar-
rowed into a short petiole, glabrous above and somewdiat shiniug when old,
the pinnate and anastomosing veins prominent underneath. Spikes terminal,
1-sided, rusty-villous, about 1 in. long, the flowers closely sessile. Sepals
about 4 Hnes long. Petals louger. Stamens about 20, obtuse, with half as
many staminodia outside, about one-third shorter. — Hemistemma Banksii, R.
Br. in DC. Syst. Veg. i. 414.

Queensland. Eudeavour river, Banks.

2. H. Brownei, Benth. Young branches clothed with a short rusty
down. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, obtuse or scarcely pointed, 2 to 3 in. long,
closely sessile and very obtuse or rounded at the base, the margins fiat, gla-
brous, and at length almost shining above, white underneath, with the midrib
alone prominent and rust-coloured. Spikes terminal, 1-sided, silky-villous.
Se])als scarcely 4 lines long, acute. Stamens nearly as in H. Banksii.

N. Australia ? B. Brown. {Hb. R. Br.)

3. H. dealbata, BentJi. Young branches minutely nisty-downy. Leaves
oblong or oblong-lauceolate, obtuse with a small callous point, or rarely acute,
2 to 3 in. long, |^ to f in. broad, narrowed at the base, but sessile or very
shortly stalked, the margins flat, glabrous above, white underneath, with a
very close tomentum, the anastomosing veins rust-coloured. Spikes termi-
nal, i-sided, simple or forked, 1 to 2 in. long, nisty-tomentose or silky.
Flowers closely sessile withiu lanceolate bracts. Stamens as iu H. Banksii. —
Heuiistemma dealbatitm, 11. Br. in UC. Syst. Veg. i. 413; Deless. Ic. Sel. i.
t. 76.

N. Australia. Aruhem's Land, B. Brown; Port Essington, Armstrong, A. Cunning-
ham, Leichhardt.

4. H. candicans, Beiith. Like H. dealbata in the white tomeutum
tliat covers the under side of the leaves, but it is rather more silky or rusty
on the peduucles and calyx, the leaves are rather narrower, and the inflo-
rescence is very difterent ; peduncles all axillary, ^ to 1 in. long, bearing at
their extremity 1 to 3 sessile flowers, and bracts and sepals usually broader.
Stamens and carpels the sarae as in //. Banksii. — Hemistemma caudicans,
Hook. f. in K#w Journ. Bot. ix. 48, t. 2.

Queensland. Cape York, M'Gillivrai/ ; Albany Island, F. Mueller.

5. H. angustifolia, Benth. Branches very slender, with a veiy minute
rusty down. Leaves very narrow-Iinear, obtuse or acute, 1 to 2 in. long, the
margius revolute, glabrous and shining above, whitc or slightly ferruginous
underueath, with a prominent rusty midrib. Spikes on slender terminal pe-
duncles, consisting of 2 to 5 sessile flowers. Sepals about 3 lines long,
densely and softly villous. — Hemistemma un(/ustifolium, B. Br. iu DC. Syst.
Veg. i. 414; Deless. lc. Sel. i. t. 77.

N. Australia. Arnhem's Land, R. Brown. {Hb. R. Br.)

6. H. Muelleri, Benth. Branches slender, as in //. angustifolia, but
loosely villous with soft sprcading hairs, intermixed with a closer tomentum.
Leaves uarrow-linear as iu that species, and about 1 line long, nearly glabrous

22 II. DiLLENiACEiE. [HiMertia.

above, white-cottony and hairy on the under siirface, which is however almost
concealed by the revolutc raargins. Spikes tenninal or lateral, about 3-
flowered. iSepals soitly hairy, about 4 lines long. Stamens and carpels as
in 7/. Banlisii and dealbata.

N. Australia. Barreu placcs at thc mouth of the Victoria, Providence Hill, etc,
F. Mueller.

7. H. ledifolia, Benth. Branches rigid, the young ones as well as the
under sidc of the leaves densely covered with a rusty or whitish down. Leaves
oblong-linear, about \ in. long, obtuse, rather thick, witli the margins revo-
hite, hoary above when young, but soon glabrous. Peduncles short, terminal,
1- to 3-iiowered. Sepals ovate, about 5 lines long, thick and densely villous
as well as the bracts. Petals scarcely longer. Stamens about 20, witli about
15 shorter staminodia outside. Carpels very villous, with usually 3 ovules
in each. — Hemistemma ledifoUum, A. Cunn. Herb.

N. Australia. York Souud, A. Cunningham.

8. H. verrucosa, Benlli. Much branched, theyoung shoots and leaves
very scabrous, with tubercles forming the base of stellate hairs. Leaves
linear-oblong, obtuse, ^ to i in. long, tlie ujargins very revolute. Peduncles
all ] -flowcred, very short, or seldom 4 or 5 lines long. Calyx about 3 lines,
sometimes nearly glabrous, more frequently more or less covered with stellate
hairs, whicli are sometimes stipitate, the outer sepals always acute, the inner
more obtuse. Petals obovate, slightly obcordate. Slamens often undcr 10,
with at least as many smaller starainodia outside. Carpels as in the allied
species, 2, hairy and biovulate. — Pleurandra verrucosa, Turcz. in Bull. Mosc.
1852, ii. 139.

\ir. Australia. Cape Riche?, Drnmwond, ^th Coll. n. 289 ; Bald Island aud Monut
Monypeak, Maxwelt. — lu habit aud inflorcsccncc this specics resembles H.hifpericoides, but
the acute scpals, aud especially the stamcus, readily distinguish it.

Section II. Hemipleurandra. — Stamens rarely more than 12, all on
one side of the pistil ; staminodia small, usually subulate or club-shaped,
either 2 or 3 on each side of thc lertile ones, or continued round to the op-
posite sidc of the pistil, with very rarely any outside the fertile ones. Pedun-
cles in tvvo species bearing a 1-sided spike of several flowers, iu all the others
1-flowered. Carpels 2, villous, with 2 or rarely 4 ovules in eacU? The species
are all West Australian.

9. H. spicata, F. Muell. Fragm. ii. 1. Glabrous or vcry slightly and

minutely pubesccnt. Leavcs linear, usually obtuse, ^ to 1 in. long, the' raar-

gins much revolute. Pcduncles lateral, usually longer than the leaves, bear-

ing a 1-sided spike of 4 to 8 flowers. SepaIs"about 3 lines long, pubescent

or shortly hairy. Petals deeply obcordate. Staraens usually 8 to 10 on one

side of the cai-pels, with a ring of short, subulate or spathulate starainodia

continued all round the carpels, and a few evcn behind the fertile ones. — He-

mislephiis linearis, J. Drumm. and llarv. in Kew Hook. Journ. vii. 52.

W. Australia. 1'liuders' Ray, Cott/<' ; Port Grcpory, Watcot l smi Otdfietd ; north-
rrn districls, Drinnmond.

10. H. polystachya, Benth. Procumbent and rauch branched, with

Jlll/bertia .] li. DlLLENiACEi^E. 23

spreading liairs, or at length seabrous only or nearly glabrous. Leaves nar-
row-linear, oljtuse, 3 to 5 lines, or iu some specimens ^ in. long, tlie niargins
mucli revolute. Peduncles lateral, usually aljove 1 iu. long, bearing a 1-sided
spike of 2 to 4 flowers. Sepals broader and more scarious tlian in //. spicata,
from wliich this species ditfers chiefly iii its hairs, and in the stamhiodia,
which although continued from the fertile stamens round the rest of the torus,
yet are usually entirely wantiug, or there is only a single one behind the per-
fect stamens. The 2 ovules in this and the last species do not appear to be
really siiperposed, although one is usually' borne on a much longer fmiiculus
than the other.

■W. Australia. Swan River, Brimmond ; Blackwood river, Oldfield.

11. H, furfuracea, Benth. Rather coarse aud erect, 2 +o 4 ft. high,

the branches thickly clotlied with rust-coloured, loosely steUate hairs. Leaves
naiTow-oblong or linear, very obtuse, 1 to 2 in. long, the margins revolute,
but leaving the under surface open, villous above when young, scabrous when
old, closely tomentose and white or hoary underneath. Peduncles mostly
axillary, 1-flowered, ^ to 1 in. long. Outer sepals ovate or ovate-hanceolate,
sometimes near 5 lines long, inner ones shorter and rouuder. Petals 2-lobed.
Stamens 8 to 12, with numerous small staminodia on each side, and on the
opposite side of the carpels. Carpels 2, globose, villous, 4-ovidate. AriUus
very short. — Pleurandra furfaracea, R. I3r. in DC. Syst. Veg. i. 417 ; Deless.
Ic. Seh i. t. 80; Hibberlia adrophylla, Steud. in PL Preiss. i. 270; Hemi-
stemma asperifolijim, F. MueU. Pragm. i. 161.

W. Australia. Roclcy hills, from King George's Sound to the Stirling range, R.
Brcwii, A. Ctinningham, Brummond, and others ; rocks on the western side of Mount
Clarence, Preiss, n. 2167.

12. H. hypericoides, Benth. Branches spreading, the young ones as
weU as thc leaves hoary, with a short steUate down. Leaves Unear-oblong,
veiy obtuse, \ in. long or rather more, those of the smaUer branches half as
long, the thick margins much revohite. Peduncles mostly terminal, 1-flowered,
y to ^ in. long. Sepals broad, very concave and obtuse, shorter than in H.
furfuracea, hoaiy outside. Petals 2-lobed. Stamens 12 to 15, with rather
numerous (or rarely very few) smaU spathulate or cLavate staminodia on each
side or on the opposite side of the cai-pels. Carpels counate at the base,
globular, 2-ovulate. — Pleurandra hypericoides, DC. Syst. Veg. i. 421 ; Deless.
Ic. SeL i. t. 81 ; Hibbertia trachyphylla, Steud. in PL Preiss. i. 271 ; H.
aspera, Steud. L c. i. 270 ; //. proxima and H. cinei-ascens, Steud. L c. i. 271.

W. Australia. Common about Perth, Preiss, n. 2132 and 2136 a, Brummond and
others; Cape Leeuwin, CoUie ; Port Gregory atid Blackwood river, Oldfield ; Darliug
range, Preiss, n. 2147 ; Cataract Valley, Preiss, n. 2140 ; between Perth and King George'9
Sound, Harvey ; Stokes' Inlet, Maxwell.

13. H. microphylla, Steud. in Pl. Preiss. i. 273. Branches erect and
rigid, or sometimes slender and decumbent or difi"use, minutely pubescent or
glabrous. licaves usuaUy 1 to l^ Une long, ovate and very convex, sorae-
times more Unear and 2 Unes long, always very convex and very patent or
closely reflexed on the stem, glabrous or rough, with a minute pubescence.
Peduncles 1-flowered, sh'nder, often ^ to | in. long, arranged in the upper

24 II. DlLLENlACEiE. \_Hibberiia.

axils so as to forrn a kind of leafy raceme towards the ends of the branchcs.
Sepals 2 to near 3 lincs long, ghibrous or stcUate-pubescent. Stamens 8 to
10 on oue side of the pistil, with 1, 2, or 3 small spathuhite staminodia on
each side. Carpels 2-ovulate. Arillus veiy short. — H. lepidophylla, F. Muell.
Pragm. i. 217 ; Hemistemma revolutum, Turcz. in Bull. Mosc. 1849, ii. 4.

VT. Australia. Kiug George's Souud, Me.nzles, R. Brown ; and thence to the Stirling
range, Drummond, Preiss, n. 2154 and 2180, Oldjield, and others.

14. H, recurvifolia, Benth. A shrub ^vith the foliage nearly of H.
rostellata or of Candollea uncinata, but with the flowers of a Hemipleurandra.
Leavcs narrow-linear, rigid, obtuse aud hooked or recurved at the extreraity,
2 to 4 lines long, convex underueath, but furrowed by the closely rccurved
margius, whitish on both sides but glabrous, or with a minute tuft of short
hairs at the tip. Peduucles 3 to 5 lines long, nearly glabrous. Sepals
whitish, about 2 lines loug, the outer ones keeled and acute, surrouuded by
2 or 3 small bracts. Stamens about 8 on one side of the pistil, with a few
small staminodia on each side or behind them. Carpels villous, 2-ovulate. —
Pleurandra recurvifolia, Steud. in Pi. Preiss. i. 264.

W. Australia. Gi-avclly placcs at thc foot of the Koukoberup hills, Preiss, n. 2170 ;
PhiOips river, Maxwell. *

A ar. vire/is. Lcaves rather longer, the raargins more prominently revolute, green but
rough with small tnbercles or a short stellate pubescence. — Poiut Henry, Oldfield.

15. H. lineata, Steud. in Pl. Preiss. i. 272. Tntermediate as it were
betwecn H. hypericoides, H. recurvifiolia, and //. acerosa, diffV-riug from the
first by its leaves much narrower, witli the margins closely revolute so as to
appear 2- or 3-grooved on the under side, either glabrous or rough, with scat-
tcred tubercles or a few sprcading liairs ; from H. recurvifolia, by the leaves
nearly twice as long, not hoary, quite straight or scarcely perceptibly recurved
at the tip ; and from H. acerosa by the leaves not pungent, either obtuse or
w'ith a minute rccurved point. The flowers in Preiss's original specimeus are
ratlier larger than iu H. acerosa, of which species this plant may prove to
be a variety.

W. Australia. Shady woods ou the north side of -Mount Wuljeunp, Preiss, n. 2151 ;
^lount Monypeak rivcr, Muxwell.

Var. parviflora. Flowers sniall, as in //. acerosa, raidrib of the leaves less prominent
nnderueath. — Pleurandra diamesogcnos, Steud. in Pl. Preiss. i. 265. — Boggy woods, Sussex
district, Preiss, n. 2141. This variety approaches K. gracilipes in aspcct, but is i"eadily dis-
tinguished by thc prescuce of staniinodia,

16. H. acerosa, Benth. Usually low and veiy rauch brauched, but
sometimes throwiug up ascending stems of uearly 1 ft. from a thick base, gla-
brous or rough with short spreadiug hairs. Leaves linear-subulate or broader
at the base, very pointed and usually pungent, 4 lines to 1 in. long, erect or
spreading, tlie margins elosely rcvohite, but much naiTOwer than the broad
prorainent midrib. Peduncles 1-flowered, slender, i to 1 in. long. Elowers
ncarly those of H. acicularis, except that there are always 1, 2, or 3 small
club-shaped or spathulate stamiuodia ou each side of the fertile stamens.
Carpels 2-ovuIate. — Pleurandra acerosa, R. Br. in DC. Syst. Veg. i. 422 ; P.
coynala, Steud. in Pl. Preiss. i. 265 ; P. jmiiperina, Turcz. in Bull. Mosc.
1849, ii. 6.

Iliddertia.] ii, dilleniace^. 25

W. Australia. King George's Sound, R. Brown, Fraser, and others ; Swan River,
Drummond, \st Coll. and 1845, n. 2; Mount Melville, Freiss, n. 2156; Champion Bay,
Oldfeld.

Var. ulicifolia. Leaves stouter and not so long. King George's Sound, Baxter.

17. H. aurea, Steud. in Pl. Preiss. i. 273. Rigid, and somewhat
virgate, perfectly glabrous, or the leaves slightly scabrous, and sometimes
shortly ciliate. Leaves narrow-linear and stiff, shortly pointed, the lower ones
i to f in., those near the flowers about half as long, the raargins much revo-
lute. riowers terminal, sessile, with 2 or 3 small sepal-like bracts at their
base. Outer sepals fully 3 lines long, stiffly coriaceous and almost sliining,
with a prominent keel projecting into a sharp point, inner ones less pointed,
broader and thinner. Petals broad. Stamens about 10, one-sided, with 2
to 4 small staminodia on each side of thera. Carpels 2-ovulate. — H. pallida,
Steud. in Pl. Preiss. i. 272.

"W. Australia. Swan River, Brummond ; in graveUy places at the foot of Darling
range, Freiss, n. 2152 a and 2152 l.

Var. obtiisa. Leaves obtuse, sepals scarcely keeled or pointed. — Fleurandraglaiicophylla,
Steud. iu Pl. Preiss. i. 262? The fragments I have seen without flowers agree with this
variety ; but Steudel describes thc ovaries as glabrous, which I have not observed in any
Hemipleurandra. He does not describe the stamens, but I know of no other western groups
to which his speeimen could be referred. Swau River, Drummond ; saudy places near Avon
Dale, York District, Freiss, n. 2159.

18. H. crassifolia, Benth. Erect, with the habit of some of the hoary
varieties of //. stricta. Leaves linear-oblong, very obtuse, 2 to 3 lines long,
the margins much rolled back, rather thick, hoary or rough with very short
stellate hairs, the floral ones ovate-lanceolate passing into the bracts. Plowers
closely sessile, sobtary, and termiual. Sepals ovate, brown, slightly hoary,
nearly 3 lines long, surrouiided by several bracts. Stamens about 12, one-
sided, with 3 or 4 spathulate staminodia on each side of them, and not half
so long. Carpels 2-ovulate. — Pleurandra crassifolia, Turcz. in Bull. Mosc.
1849, ii. 5.

TV. Australia. Brurnmond, \th Coll. n. 120.

Section III. Pleurandea. — Staraens ofieu veiy few, and rarely raore
than 15, all on one side of the pistil, and often more or less united at the
base, without any staminodia. Peduncles 1-flowered, or flowers sessile, soli-
taiy, or in tenninal heads. Carpels 2, villous or tomeutose, or very rarely
glabrous, with 2, 4, or more ovules in each.

19. H. nitida, Benth. Erect, much branched and glabrous. Leaves
crowded, especially under the flowers, oblong, obtuse, or with a short poiut,
i to f in. long, naiTowed at the base, the margins flat or slightly recurved,
somewhat coriaceous and shining. Flowers sessile within the last leavcs, and
surrounded by a few short bracts. Sepals lanceolate or oblong, very pointed
and quite glabrous, 3 to 5 lines long. Petals broad and notched. Staniens
about 11. Carpels hairv, 4-ovuIate. Arillus slightly sinuate. — Pleurandra
nitida, R. Br. in DC. Syst. Veg. i; 416 ; P. Cneorum, DC. 1. c. i. 416.

N. S. Wales. About Port Jackson, E. Brown, Sieber, n. 141 and Fi. Mixt. n. 508, and
others.

20. H. bracteata, Benth. Erect and much brauched, with the aspect

26 II. DILLENIACEJJ. [Ilibbertia.

of PuUenaa dapJmoides, and resembles also H. 7utida, biit is not so [glabrous.
Leaves narrow-oblong, mostly obtuse, with a short callous point, ^ to | in.
long, narrowed at the base, the margins slightly recurved, soraewhat rusty,
with a minute tomentum underneatli, glabrous and shining or scabrous above,
or occasionally bearing a few long hairs. Flowers terminal, or on very short
axillary branches, sessile within a tuft of floral leaves, which are mostly
longer than the flowers, except a few of the innermost, which are much shorter
and more liairy. Sepals oblong-hmceolate, fully 6 lines long, densely clothed
with long silky hairs. Petals broad, notched. Staraens about 16. Carpels
hairv, with 4 to 6 ovides in each. — Pleurandra bracteata, R. Br. in DC. Syst.
Veg". i. 415 ; Deless. Ic. Sel. i. t. 78.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson to the Blue irountains, R. Broicn and others ; Emu
Plains, A. Ci(n>iin(jham.

21. H. sericea, Benth. A variable species which sometiraes scarcely
differs from H. hracteata, except in being much more hairy and the leaves
more revohite on the margin, but is usually more diffuse or procumbent, softly
villous all over, with the floral leaves not much longer than the others. Leaves
rarely much above \ in. long, and in some varieties much shorter, obtuse,
with the margins much revolute, clothed with stellate down, especially under-
neath, with longer hairs on the up])er surface. Flowers sessile among crowded
floral leaves, as in the last two species. Sepals rather shorter and broader,
villous. Staraens usually 10 to 12. Carpels tomentose or villous, with 4 to 6
ovules in each. — Plmrandra sericea, II. Br. in DC. Syst. Veg. i. 416 ; Deless.
Ic. Sel. i. t. 79 ; Hook. f. FI. Tasm. 1. 16 ; H. densiflora, F. Muell. PI. Yict.
1. 15. Pleurandra cinerea, R. Br. in DC. 1. c. i. 417, is a slight variety with
shorter pubescence, and shorter, more oblong leaves, the flowers often very
shortly pedicellate.

Victoria. Port Phillip, R. Broion ; sandy heathy placcs on barren scrubby ridgcs, and
occasionally on roclcy rangcs from the Glenelg to the Murray rivers, and thence to Port
Phillip, F. M((dler aud others.

Tasmania. Conimon on sandy soil, oa the coast only, all round the island, /. B.
Ilookcr.

S. Australia. Near Adelaide, Macarthur, F. M((eller.

Var. densijlora. More villous. Leaves, csi)ecially thc floral ones, shorter. Stems usually
more procunibcnt. — Pleurandra densijlora, Ilook. f. in Journ. Bot. i. 245. The Tasma-
nian specimcns belong; chiefly, but not eutirely, to this variety, and a few of the Victorian
ones are rcferrible to it.

22. H. hirsuta, Bentli. A low, prostrate, densely branched species,
with rauch snudlcr leaves and flowers than in any of the same section, resem-
bling some forms of H. fasciculata, and shortly hirsute all over. Leaves
lincar-oblong, obtuse, l^ to 2, or seldom 3 lines long, with revolute margins.
Flowers axillary or terminal, sessile within leaves often as long as the calvx,
the inuermost of wliich are however much smaller. Sepals ovate, villolis,
scarcely 2 lines long. Petals narrow and entire or very slightly obcordate.
Stamens very few. Ovaries 2, pubescent, with 4, or very rarely only 2 ovules
in each. — Pleurandra Jiirsuta, Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. i. 273; Hook. f.
FI. Tasm. i. 17.

Tasmania. Among stones in basaltic soil, George Town and Hobart Town, /. B.
llooker, Gunn, and others.

I

Ilibderlia.] II. DILLENIACE^. 27

23. H. stricta, E. Br. Ilerb. ; F. Muell. Fl. Vid. i. 15. Erect, spread-
ing, or diifuse, but scarcely prostrate, sometimes throwiug up almost simple
steras of 6 in. from a thick rhizome, sometimes attaining several feet in height,
more or less hoary or scabrous, with a minute stellate tomentum, although
sometimes appearing ghnbrous at first siglit. Leaves narrow-hnear, erect or
spreading, rather obtuse, mostly i to ^ in. long, the closely revolute margins
disclosing little more than the midrib underneath. Flowers nearly sessile, or
on pedicels of 2 or 3 lines in length. Sepals usually about 3 lines long,
oblong, lanceolate, or the inner ones ovate. Stamens usually 8 to 12.
Cai-pels tomentose, or very rarely glabrous, with 4 to 6, or very rarely more
ovules in each. Arillus usually veiy small. — Pleitrandra stricta, K. Br. in
DC. Syst. Veg. i. 422 ; P. riparia, R. Br. in DC. 1. c. i. 419 ; P. ericifolia,
DC. 1. c. i. 420 ; Hook. f. Pl. Tasm. i. 17 ; P. cistiflora, Sieb. in Spreng. Syst.
Cur. Post. 191; Reichb. Icon. Exot. t. 79.

Queensland. Port Curtis, 3! Gillivray ; Moreton Bay, F. Mueller, and inland to
the rano;es on tlie Bun-itt river, D. 3Ioore, and Mavanoa river, Mitchell.

N. S. ^Vales. Port Jackson, B.. Brown and others, and apparently throughont the
colony .

Victoria. In sandy, rocky, or heathy localitics of the lowlands and hills, not rare, F.
Mueller.

Tasmania. Ahundant thronghont the island, J. D. HooJcer.

S. Australia. From the JNIurray to Streaky Bay, Whitaker, F. Mueller, Warburton,
and others.

"SH. Australia. Only at the extreme eastern limits on the south coast, Maxv-ell.

This is a very variahle species, with the flowers seldom so closely sessile as in the precedinj?
ones, nOr borne on peduncles so long as in niost of the following ones. Therc are a few spe-
cimens, however, which come ncar to the narrow-lcaved forms of U. Billardieri, and others
which are very close upon H. humifusa. The following are the most striking fornis -. —

a. glalriuscula. Glabrous or nearly so, procumbent or erect. Flovvers uearly sessile.
Calyx not hoary. Carpels tomentose. Ovules 4 to 6. The commonest form in N. S. Wales,
southern Victoria, and Tasmauia, inchiding Sieber's n. 150 (P. i-iparid), 151 (P. strictd),
and 147 {P.fumana), the latter a straggling variety approaching H. Billardieri in habit.
No. 148 [P. cisiijlora) is the same, with longer, more acute, sometimes almost pungent leaves,
from the Blue Mountains ; and a form with very short obtuse leaves appears to be common
about Lake Hindmarsh, in Victoria.

b. leiocarpa. Procumbent and perfectly glabrous, even the carpels. Ovnles 4. rrom
the sonth coast of W. Australia, east of Stokes lulet, Maxtvell.

c. canescens. Leaves and calyx more or less hoary with stellate hairs. Flowers pednn-
cnlate or more rarely nearly sessile. Ovnles usually 4. — Pleurandra incana, LindL ia
Mitch. Three Exped. ii. 156. Apparently commou in Victoria, exteuding also over N. S.
Wales into Qneensland and westward to Spencer's Gulf. In this I should include P. viicro-
phi/tta, Sieb. Pl. Exs. n. 143; Spreng. Syst. Cur. Post. 191, a small-fiowered and small-
leaved form from the Blue Mountains and from Tasmania, Gunn. h. 1020 ; and P. cisioidca,
Hook. in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 363, from New England, C. Stuart, and Qucensland, Miichell.

d. calycina. Leaves narrow and acute or alniost pungcnt. Calyx hirsute, almost as in
the var. hiriijlora. — Pteurandra catycina, DC. Syst. Veg. i. 422 (judging from a specimen
of Caley's named P. pitosa in Ilcrb. Brown, but which quite agrees with De Candolle's de-
scription of P. catydna). N. S. Wales, Catey ; Avon Ranges, Gipps' Land, F. Muetter.

e. hiriijlora. Leaves nearly as in the var. canescens. Calyx usually large, more ses-
sile, aud hirsute with spreading hairs. Ovules nsually 6 to 8 or morc— P. catycina, A.
Cuun. in Field N. S. W^ales, 338. On thc Maranoa river, Mitchell ; Moreton Bay, F.
Muetler ; New England Ranges, C. Stuart ; near Bathurst, A. Cunninyham ; and almost
the same form from Spencer's Gulf and Streaky Bay, Herl). Mueller.

24. H. humifusa, P. Muell. Pl. Ficf. i. 16, t. Suppl. 1. Prostrate,

28 II, DILLENIACE.E. {Hibbertla.

much branched, hoary, and more or less hirsute, like the H. hlmita, with
linear obtuse leaves, the margins much revolute, but these leaves are usually
longer and the flowers rauch larger, ahvays borne on a pedicel of from -y to i iu.
From some specimens of H. stricta, var. hirtijlora, it differs chiefly in its low,
prostrate habit, in being more hairy, and the jieduncles much longor. Sepals
4 to 5 liiies long, and very hairy. Petals, stamens, aud carpels of H. stricta.
Ovules usually 6.

Victoria. Barren scriibby plains near Mount Zero, F. Mueller.

25. H. Billardieri, F. Muell. Pl. Fict. i. 14. Stems weak, soraetiraes
short and erect, but more frequently trailing to the length of two or three feet
or more over other shrubs, the branches clothed with stellate hairs, oftcn mixed
with long spreading ones. Leaves from obovate, ovate or oval-oblong to
oblong-cuneate or narrow-oblong, the Larger ones -1 to 1 in. long, but in the
commoner slendcr varieties not half that size, the margins recurved, more or
less stellately pubescent, especially underneath, and scabrous above, but be-
coming glabrous with age. Pedicels terminating short, leafy shoots, or appa-
rently axillary, slender, and recurved, 7 to | in. long. Sepals 2 to 3 lines
long, or in some varieties rather shorter or longer, the outer ones usually
poiuted, the inner broader and more obtuse, glabrous, or nearly so. Petals
broad. Staraens usually 10 to 12. Carpels downy or villous, with 2 to 4
ovides. Arillus sometimes ahuost envelopiug the seed, sometimes very
short. — Pleurandra ovata, Labill. Pl. Nov. Holl. ii. 5, t. 143; Hook. f. Fl.
Tasm. i. 16.

Queensland. Glasshouse Mountains, F. Mucller.

N. S. 'XVales. Port Jacksou, R. Broion, Sieber, n. 14-i, aud others; Haslings river,
Bec/cler.

Victoria. Scattcred over the southern part of the colony, F. Mueller.

Tasmania. Sandy soils on the coast in various places, /. B. Ilooker, Gunn.

S. Australia. Speucer's Gulf, F. MiieUer.

Aithough apparently not so common as S. stricta, this species appears to be more vari-
able, aud thc follovving forms have iu gencral the appearance of distiiict species, but are
always too much conuected by intermediate specimens to adiait of tJieir beiug characterizcd
as such.

a. monadelpha, F. ^lncll. mss. Leaves large, obovate or oblong. Flowers large. Ovules
4. Sealers' Cove, F. Mueller ; Flinders Island, Gunn.

b. obovata. Leavcs and flovvers of a, but ovules only 2. — Pleurandra obovata, R. Br.
Herb., from Fort Dalrymple; llastings rivcr, Beckler ; West Hcad, Tasmania, Gu?in.

c. ovafa. Leavcs and flovvcrs small, ovate or obloug. Ovules 2. Thc most common
Tasmauian and N. S. Wales form.

d. scabra. Leaves narrow, seldom (except a few of the lower ones) above 4 lines loug,
aud usually much revolute on the margin. — Pleurandra scabra, R. Br. in DC. Syst. Veg. i.
418; P.empetrifolia,liC.\.c.\.\-2{); P. asterotricha, Sicb. in Spreng. Syst. Cur. Post.
191 ; Pl. Exs. n. 149, and Fl. Mixt. u. 505 (n. 139, P. cinerea, is a ralher more cnnesceut
form). Common about Sydney.

e. parviflora. Slcnder and much branched. Lcaves 2 to 4 lincs long, from obovatc to
liuear-oblong, flat or nmch revolute. Scpals under 2 liues long. Ovules 2, or rarely 4. —
Pleurandra parviflora, K. Br. in DC. Syst. Veg. i. 418 ; Hibbertia a-spera, DC. Syst. Vcg. i.
430. Port Jackson, R. Brown ; Sieber, n. 144, and Fl. Mixt. n. 504, aud others.

26. H. gracilipes, Benth. Nearly glabrous, diffuse or prostrate, and
much brauched, with much of the appearance of //. ncicdaris, but the leaves
ai-e usually broader and not pimgent. They are uarrow-linear, usualiy very

Ilidbertia.] Ii. DlLLENlACEiE, 2 9

obtiise, 2 to 4, or even 5 lines long, with the margins revohite, and often
shghtly scabrous. Peduncles slender, ^ to 1 in. long, thickened undcr the
flowers. Sepals 2 to nearly 3 lines long, membranous, obtuse. Stamens
usually about 10. Carpels glabrous or cTowny, 2-ovulate. — Pleiiraudra pe-
diinculata, R. Br. in DC. Syst. Veg. i. 419.

'X^. Australia. South coast ?, Drummond, n. 16, 9, 4 ; Lucky Bay, R. Brown ; King
George's Sound atid Gordon river, Oldfield.

27. H. acicularis, I'. Muell. Pl. Fict. i. 17. Nearly or quite glabrous,
procuinbent or diftuse, with a thick woody stock, and numerous branches,
shoit and intricate, or lengthened to a foot. Leaves naiTow-bnear, rigid, with
a stift', often pungent point, about 3 to 6 lines long, the margins recurved.
Pcdicels terininal or axillary, often on veiy short shoots, with a few leaves at
the base sometimes reduced to minute bracts, recurved, ■!• to -g- in. long.
Sepals glabrous, or very slightly downy, about 2 lines long. Stamens usually
8, or fewer. Cai^pels downy, or rarely glabrous, with 2, or very rarely 4
ovules. — Pleurandra acicularis, Labill. Pl. Nov. Holl. ii. 6, t. 144 ; Hook. f.
Pl. Tasm. i. 15.

Queensland. Moreton Island, F. Mueller.

WT, S, V^ales, Port Jackson, E. Broioii and others ; sterile bushy hills in Wellington
Valley, and westward to Croker's range, A. Cunningham ; New England, C. Stuart. The Port
Jackson specimens include a variety with more rigid leaves and larger flowers, and another
with glabrous ovaries.

Victoria, Heathy ground, particularly in moist localities near the coast, F. Mueller.
Some Port Adelaide specimens are the only ones I have seen with 4 ovules to each carpel.

Tasmania. Sandy laud at George Town, sea-coast E. of Port Dalrymple, and islauds
of Bass's Straits, J. D. Hooker, Gunn.

Pleurandra triandra, Turcz. in BuU. Mosc. 1854, ii. 280, described from a specimen
said to have been gathered by Gunn " near Sydney in Tasmania," may possibly belong
to this species.

28. H. mucronata, Benth. Erect and rigid, the young branches
shortly villous. Leaves crowded, erect, rigid, linear, and very pungent,
mostly 4 to 6 lines long, semiterete, but marked with a furrow on each side
of the midrib indicating the revolute margins, glabrous, or the young ones
bearing a few spreading, silky hairs. Flowers sessile, the leaves of the very
short floral shoots passing into 2 or 8 subulate bracts. Sepals 3 to 4 lines
long, loosely villous, the outer ones with long pungent points, the inner ones
shorter and less pointed. Petals broadly 2-Iobed. Stamens about 5. Cai-pels
very villous, 2-ovuIate. — Pleurandra mucronata, Turcz. in BuII. Mosc, 1849,
ii. 139.

^V, Australia, Between Swan River and Cape Riche, Drummond, ^th CoU. n. 290 ;
King George's Sound, R. Broivn ; W. Mount Barren, Maxwell.

Section IV. EuHiBBERTiA. — Stamens usually numerous, and rarely
fewer than 12, an*anged aU around the pistil, although sometimes more
numerous on one side than on the other, either without any staminodia, or
with few or many small subulate or clavate staminodia outside the perfect
stamens. — Hibbertia proper, as limited by De CandoUe, and most authors.

§ 1, Tomentosce. — Carpels 2 (or very rarely and exceptionally 3), tomen-
tose, or covered with peltate scales, with 2, or very rarely 1 or 3 ovides in

30 II. DILLENIACE^. [Ilibbertia.

each. Stamens niimerous, without any, or rarely with small staminodia out-
side. Leaves ovate, obovate, cuneate, oblong, or linear, flat, or with the mar-
gins slightly revolute, nsually covered with stellate hairs or peltate scales.
Flowers axiUary, peduncuLite, with a small bract under the sepals, those at
the base of the peduncle minute or wanting. The species are all tropical or
subtropical.

29. H. hermaiinisefolia, DC. Syst. Feg.i. 431. Eesembles in general
aspect Il.fm-furacea, but very different in the stamens. Whole plant covered
with a rather rigid stellate down, mixed, especially on the upper side of the
leaves, with simple hau-s. Leaves from obovate-oblong to cuneate, very ob-
tnse or retuse, i to f in. long, the margins not recurved. Peduncles axilhnry,
mostly about \ in. long. Sepals about 4 lines, rather obtuse, membranous,
pubescent. Stamens about 15. Carpels 2, villous, with 2 (or perhaps some-
times 4 ?) ovules in each.

N. S. ^JTales ? " DoveJale," Caley. 1 have beeu unable to fiud the locality in any of
ourmaps. {Hb. Brit. Mus.)

30. H. velutina, R. Br.Herb. Whole plant clothed with a soft, velvety
toraentum. Leaves oval or oval-oblong, sometimes slightly cuneate, obtuse,

1 to 2 in. long, the margins scarcely recuiTcd, and very soft. Peduucles
axillary, :j- to | in. long. Sepals about 3 lines long, softly tomentose. Petals
broadly obovate. Stamens numerous. Cai-pels 2 ?, tomentose.

Queensland. N. E. Coast, R. Brown. {Ilb. R. Br.)

31. H. oblongata, R. Br. in BC. Syst. Veg. i. 431. Branches rather
slender and elongated, covcred as well as the leaves with a close whitish to-
mentum consisting of steUatc hairs more or less united into a scale at their
base. Leaves narrow-oblong, obtuse or with a very short slightly recurved
point, mostly f to 1 in. long, the margins flat, the lateral veinlets converging
on the under side into an intramarginal vein. Peduncles axillary, seldom above

2 lines long. Inner sepals about 3 lines long, obtuse, the outer shorter and
more acute. Petals 2-lol)ed. Stamens above 20, all perfect or rarely one or
two on the side wliere thcre are fewest reduced to small staminodia. Carpels
2, scaly-tomentose, 2-ovulate.

N. Australia. Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown ; rocky situations, Sims' Islantl, A .
Cimningliam ; saudstone ravincs on the table-land and rocks on the Fitzmauiice river,
F. Mueller.

Var. brevifolia. Leaves mostly 3 to 4 liues long. — Upper Victoria river, F. Mueller.

32. H. tomentosa, R. Br. in DC. Syst. Veg. i. 432. Allied to H.
oblongaia, but morc slender and much more branched. Leaves oblong-linear,

3 to 4 lines long or very sehlom \ in., hoary on both sides, with a minute
close tomentum, and without the intramarginal vein of H. oblongata. Flowers
smaller, with the sepals more prominently keeled.

N. Australia. Gidf of Carpentaria, R. Brown. {Hb. R. Br.) Tliis and some other
specics of the prescnt group may possibly, when better known, be reduced to varieties,

33. H. cistifolia, R. Br. in DC. Syst. Feg. i. 431. Kesembles H. ob-
longata \\\ the whitish toraentum, eonsisting of stellate hairs proceeding from
a scale-Iike base, which covers every part, but the branches appear to be dif-
fuse or shortly trailing from a woody rhizome, the leaves are broadcr, frora

mbbertia.'] Ii. DlLLENlACEiE. 31

obovate to obloiig, -| to 1| in. long, and without the intramarginal nervc, and
above all, tlie flowers are borne on peduncles of 1 to l^ in. loug. They are
also larger, and have above 50 staraens without any starainodia. Carpels 3,
very scaly, 2-ovulate.

N. Australia. Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown ; Port Essington, Armstrong.

34. H. echiifolia, R. Br. Herb. Branches diffuse, flexuose, lioary with
a minute scabrous tomentum, with prominent angles decurrent from the base.
Leaves oblong or ovate-oblong, very obtuse, mostly about ^ in., but the larger
ones often above an inch long, rigid, not hoary but very rough with minute
steUate scales. Peduncles very short, rarely 2 lines long, axiUary, or more
frequently terrainating short leafy branches. Sepals broad, concave, rigid,
about 3 lines long, densely covered with peltate scales. Stamens numerous.
Carpels 3 or 4, scaly (3-ovulate ?).

N. Australia. N. coast, R. Brown. {Ed. R. Br.)

35. H. scabra, R.Br. Herb. Branches slender, scabrous aswellasthe
upper side of the leaves with minute stellate hairs. Leaves like those of H.
angustifoUa, narrow-linear, f to l^ in. long, acute or scarcely obtuse, the
margins sbghtly revolute, very closely and minuteiy tomentose underneath.
Peduncles axillary, f to \\ in. long. Sepals about 3 lines, acute, tomentose
outside. Pelals obovate. Stamens numerous. Carpels 2 or 3, tomentose,
2-ovulate (according to K. Brown's notes).

N. Australia. N. coast, R. Brown. {Hb. R. Br.)

36. H. lepidota, R. Br. in DC. St/si. Veg. i. 432. Branches stiff but
slender, covered as well as the leaves and sepals with a close silveiy or slightly
rusty tomentum, consisting of minute peltate scales with scarious edges.
Leaves Hnear, rather acute, mostly |- to f in. long, concave, the margins not
revolute. Plowers rather small, on pedicels of 1 to 3 lines, solitary or 2 or 3
together in tlie axils. Sepals broad, very ol)tuse, about 2 lines long, or 3
when in fruit, the 2 outer rather shorter. Stamens about 12, mostly, but not
all, on one side of the carpels, vvith several small staminodia outside. Carpels
2, scaly-tomentose, 2-ovulate.

Wr, Australia. Gulf of Carpeutaria, iZ. Brown, A. Cimningham ; rocky barren sand-
stone tablc-land at the sources of Roper river, at the head of Macarlhur river, Upper Victoria
river, and near M'Adam range, F. Mueller.

§ 2. Vestitce. — Carpels usually 3, villous, with 4 to 6 ovules in each. Sta-
mens rather numerous, with small staminodia outside, or fewer without sta-
minodia. Leaves small, narrow, with revolute margins. Bracts small.
Plowers sessile or pedunculate.

37. H. vestita, A. Cunn. Herb. Branches elongated, decumbent or
erect, clothed as well as the yoimg leaves with short spreading hairs. Leaves
naiTow-linear, obtuse, 3 to 4 lines long, rigid with recm-ved margins, often
glabrous when fuU grown. Flowers nearly sessile, in clusters of tioral leaves
shorter than them, the inner ones passing into sraall linear bracts. Sepals
ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, or the outer ones scarcely acute, 3 or even 4 lines
long, with rather sillcy haii-s outside. Petals obovate, deeply emarginate.
Stamens above 30, with several short filiform or clavate staminodia outside.

32 II. BILLENIACE^. [^llibbertia.

Carpels 3, villous, 6-ovulate. Tlie gencral aspect is sometimes that of //.
ierpyllifolia, but it is rcadily known by tlie stamens.

Queensland. Opcn forest-land near Moreton Bay, A. Canningham ,■ Stradbrooke
Island, Fraser ; Glasshousc mountains, F. Mueller ; swamps towards Durval, Leichhardi.

N. S. Wales. Clareuce river, Beckler.

Var. thymifolia. Leavcs shorter, oftea recurved at the end.— Ncar Moreton Bay, A.
Cunningham.

38. H. serpyllifolia, R. Br. in DC. Syst. Veg. i. 430. Decumbcnt
or prostrate, mucli l)ranched, and either ghibrous or tlie branches aud young
parts ch^thed with short spreading hairs. Leaves (like those of H. vestila)
narrow-liuear, obtuse, 2 to 4 lines long, rigid vvith recm-ved margins. Pe-
duncles very short, rarcly attaining 2 or 3 lines, with 2 or 3 small bracts at
their base. Sepals about 2 liues long, acute or the inner ones obtuse, ghi-
brous or hairy. Stamens about 12, without staminodia. Carpels 3, vilious,
4-ovulate.— i/. ericifolia, Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 14. t. 3 ; F. Muell. PI. Vict.
i. 17.

N. S. Wales. Port Dalryniple, Caley ; Shoalwatcr Bay and Passage, R. Broion.

Victoria. Stony mouutaius, particularly in the highlands ; also on subalpine mcadows,
F. Mueller.

Tasmania. Commou on the serpentine formation, Asbestos hills ; also I;aunceston
and Georgc Town, Gtenn.

Var.? minutifoUa. Leaves 1 to 2 lines long. Mount Aberdccn, F. Mueller. These
specimens may possibly belong to the small-leaved variety of H. pedunctclata, but the
shortncss of the pcduucle and general aspect bring them ncarcr to H. serpyllifolia.

39. H. pedunculata, E. Br. in DC. Syst. Ffi/. i. 430. Stems diifuse,
prostrate, or rarely erect, much branched, glabrous or clothed as well as the
leaves with a few very short spreading hairs. Leaves narrow-Iinear, rigid,
obtuse, usually 2 to 3 lines long, the raargins revolute, numerous but uot
clustered. Peduncles ^ to | in. loug or sometimes more, the bracts at the
base inconspicuous or wauting. Sepals 2 to nearly 3 lines long, ovate, very
obtuse, usuaUy minutely pubcscent outside. Petals obovate, slightly emar-
ginate. Stamens 15 to 25, accompanied usually by one or two small stami-
nodia outside. Cai-pels 3, villous (or rarely glabrous?), with 4 or 6 ovules in
each. — Pleurandra interriiedia, DC. Syst. Veg. i. 420 (according to an un-
iiamed speciracn of Caley's, in Herb. R. Br.).

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown ; to the Bhic Mountains, A. Cunningham.
Iii the mountains and Paramatta, Caley ; and southward to the lowcr part of the Australian
Alps, F. Mueller. These specimcns, with elongated, divaricate branches, about 15 stanicns
and 4 ovules, occur in some herbaria under the name of H. minutifolia, F. Muell., as wcll
as those of a var. of II. serpyllifolia.

Var. corifolia. Stcms short, diffuse or prostrate. Stamens about 20. Ovulcs nsually 6.
— H. corifolia, Bot. Mag. t. 2672 ; H. pednnculata, Bot. Reg. t. 1001. The carpels are
described in the Botanical Magazine as glabrous, but in thc Register, whcre the same
gardcn-plant is represented, thcy are said to be silky, as I have always found thcra.

§ 3. Ochrolasia. — Carpels glabrous, with 6 to 8 ovules. No staminodia.
Leaves narrow, with revolute margins, as in the Vestitee. Flowers sessile,
without the broad brown bracts of the Bracteatce.

40. H. oclirolasia, i?^?///^. Branches rigid, divaricate, glabrous. Leaves
linear, obtuse, 2 to 3 lines long, the margins much revolute, rather thick and

1

HMertia.'] ii. dilleniack^. 33

rigid, whitish, biit without hairs or asperities. Tlowers solitary, or 3 or 3
together at the ends of tlie biauches, uearly sessile, surrounded h\ a few bracts
like the sepals, but smaller. Se{)als 3 to 4 lines long, densely clothed with
long golden hairs. Petals broad. Staraens 15 to 20. Carpels 2. — Ochro-
lania Dnmmoiidi, Turcz. in Eull. Mosc. 1849, ii. 4.

W. Australia. Brummond, Mh Coll. n. 119.

§ 4. Fasciculat(E.~Car])e\s glabrous. Ovules 2 to 6. No stamincTiiia.
Leaves narrow-linear, convex below, the margins not recurved. Flowers ses-
sile or nearly so, but withont the broad brown bracts of the Bracteata.

41. H. procumbens, DG. Syst. Veg. i. 427. Diffuse or prostrate and
rauch branched, resembling in habit some of the varieties of H. fasciciduta,
with which F. Mueller unites it ; but the leaves are broader, the h^rger ones
above \ in. long and 1 line broad, glabrous or rarely hairy, the flowers much
larger, the sepais 4 to 5 lines long, broadly raenibranous, the staraens at least
20, and the cai-pels 4 or 5, with almost always 6 ovules in each. — Dillenia
procnmbens, Labill. Pl. Nov. Holl. ii, 16, t. 156; H. angiistifolia, Salisb.
Parad. Lond. under n. 73.

Victoria. Albert river, Gipps' Laiid, F. MueUer.

Tasmania. R. Browu ; abundant in open hcathy places, /. D. Hooker.

42. H. fasciculata, R. Br. in DO. Syst. Veg. i. 428. Steras erect,
procnrabent or prostrate. Leaves very narrow-linear, clustered and crowded,

2 to 3 lines or rarely \ in. long, hirsute vvith soft rather spreading hairs, or
at length glabrous, obtuse, or scarcely pointed, the margins uever revolute or
recurved, but rather turned upwards so as to leave the uuder surface convex
with tlie prorainent midrib. Flowers sessile, ou very sliort lejjy shoots along
the branches, with 2 or 3 small sepal-lilie bracts at their base. Sepals 2 to

3 lines long, broadly ovate, raembranous at the edge, the outer ones narrower
and less obtuse. Petals obcordate. Stameus usually 8 to 12, without sta-
minodia. Carpels usually 3, glabrous, with 2 erect ovules in each. — Hook. f.
FI. Tasm. i. 13 ; //. angustifolia (partly), F. Muell. PI. Vict. i. 18 ; //. vir-
gata, Hook. Ic. PI. t. 267, not R. Br. ; //. prostrata, Hook. Journ. Bot. i.
246 ; Pleurandra camforosma, Sieb. in Spreng. Syst. Ciu". Post. 191 ; //. cam-
phorosma, A. Gray, Bot. Amer. Expl. Exped. i. 21.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, B. Brotcn, Sieber, n. 146, and Fl. Mu-i. n. 506, aud
others.

Victoria. Port Phillip, B.. Brown ; sand ridges, hcathy groimd, and dry, barren places
throughoiit the colony, F. Mueller.

Tasmania. Abundant throughout the colony, asceuding to 2000 or .3000 ft., /. B.
Hooher.

S. Australia. Extending as far as S]iencer's Gulf, F. Mueller aud others.

Var. crassfoHa. Stems prostrate, the habit sometimcs nearly that of H. linearis, but
the margins of the leaves iavolute iiot revoluLe, sometimcs very pubescent like the followiiig
variety. — //. (jlandulosa, Schlecht. Linnfea, xx. 626. Chiefly in S. Australia.

Var. puhigera. A^ery hoary all over wilh very short, stifi" hairs. Lcavcs 3 to 6 lincs, thicker
and lcss clustered than in the ordinary forin. Flowers terminating loosely-leaved branches,
but scarcely peduncidate above the last leaf. riowcrs as in the commou form, except that
the sepals arc more hairy and the carpels usually 4-ovulate. S. Australia, Atherstone.

The species is said, in Pl. Prciss. ii. 236, to have becn fouud in York district, "\V. Australia,

VOL. I. I)

34 ir. DiLLENiACE/i;. [^llibbertia.

I have not sceii Preiss's specimcii rofem;d to, n. 2171, but should thiuk it vcry probablc
tliat Candollea iereiifolla may liave bccu niistakeu for it.

§ 5. Bradmtce. — Cni-pels glabrous. Ovules 1 or 2, erect or ascending.
Stamens usually undcr 20 in the first fivc species, more numerous in the fol-
lowiug ones, without any staminodia. Leaves flat, or when narrow, convex
underneath, the margins not prominently revolute. Flowers closely sessile
A\ithin broad brown shiniug bracts (except in H. rostellatu).

43. H. virgata, R. Br. in DC. Si/d. Veg. i. 428. DiflTuse or erect,
ghibrous, M'ith nuinerous thin but stifl:" and often wiry brauches. Leaves nar-
row-liuear, obtuse or scarcely acute, mostly about \ in. long, but sometinies
much longer, stift" and rather thiclc, the margins not revolute, and sometimes
abuost terete. Fiowers sessile, surrounded by 2 or 3 very broad scarious
palc brown bracts, fuUy half as long as the calyx. Sepals aliout 4 lines long,
obtuse or more frequently acute, or with a short sharp poiut, glabrous and more
scarious than iu any otlier species. Petals broadly obovate, scarcely cmargi-
nate. Stamens 10 to 15, without staminodia. Carpels 3, glabrous, 2-ovidate.
— Ilook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 14 ; //. angmiifolia, var., F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 19.

N. S. 'Wales. Port Jaclcson, R. Broivn.

Victoria, Murray river, and near Mouut William and Port Phillip, F. Mueller ; Moiuit
Loelvhart, Mdreton.
Tasmania. Sandy soil on the road from George Town to Ourric's Rivcr, Gunn.

44. H. inclusa, Benth. Allied to H. virgata, but much more rigid,
the leaves and youug branches more or less hoary, and always hirsutc, with
sliort white hairs about the floral leaves. Lcaves narrow-Unear or slighlly
cuncate, obtusc, \ %<d \ in. long, rather tiiick, convex underneath, the floral
oucs chistered. Flowers closely sessile within them, surrounded by short
broad brown stfarious bracts. Sepals glabrous, about 3 lines long. Petals
obovatc, entirc. Stamcus 12 to 15, without staminodia. Carpels 3 or 3,
glabrous, 1-ovulate.

"W. Australia. Swan River, Drmmond, n. 13.

45? H. rostellata, Tiircz. in Ball. Mosc. 1849, ii. 8. Branches rigid
and glabrous. Leaves rigid, thick, narrow-Iinear, 3 to 4 lines long, hookcd
at ihc extremity, witli a short rccurved sharp point, convex uuderneath or
uearly terete, but niarked laterally with a sliglit furrow indicating tlic recurved
margins whicii liowcver are not prominent. Flowers nearly sessile. Bracts
much smaller aud nai-rower than in any of this group. Sepals glabrous, ol)-
tuse, rather above 2 liues long. Stamens 15 to 20, without staminodia. Car-
pels 5, ghihrous, 2-ovulate.

W. Australia. Brummond, \th Coll. n. 121. The position of ihis specics is some-
what doiibtful ; tlic folingo is ucarly that of i/. recnrinfolia or of Candollea uncinata, from
botli of which it widcly dilfcrs in the stamens. It has uot llic broad brown bracts of thc
Bracieat.e, but iu oliicr rcspccts comes nearer to thcm than to auy olhcr group.

46. H. glomerata, Benth. Rather rigid, luuch branched and often
tortuous, quite giabrous and often rather glaucous, or rarely with a very minute
pubescence on thc yomig parts. Leaves from linear-cuncatc to obloug or
cuueate, obtuse truncatc or retuse, usually i to ^ in. long, flat or with the
cdges sliglitly rccurved, and tlie micb-ii) promiuent uuderueath, tlie floral ones

Jlibbertia.'] li. dilleniace.e. 35

shorter aiid clustered, sometimes nearly ovate. Flowers ratlier small, sessile
iii tlie tufts of tioral leavcs, and surrounded by sliort broad brown scarious
bracts. Sepals lanceolate, usually acute, stitlly nieinbranous, quite glabrous,
nearly 3 lines long. Petals broadly obcordate. Staniens 10 to 15, or rarely
above 20, without staniinodia. Carpels 3, glabrous, 1- or 2-ovulate.

W. Australia. Swau River, Brummond, \sl CoU. v. 8 of 1843.

Var. ? cunescens. Leaves hoary, with a luiTiute appressed pubescence. Sepals larger but
glabrous. Gordon river, Olrljield ; rock at Oolingarran, Herb. Mtieller. The specimens
are insufBcient for aceurate determiuation.

47. H. argentea, Steud. iu Pl. Preiss.i. 268. MYiqA io H.montana,\)\\t
the whole plant is silvery-white, with densely appressed silliy hairs. Leaves
narrow-oblong, |- to f in. long, obtuse or with a minute point, slightly coii-
tracted at the base. Flowers closely sessile in tufts of floral leaves, and sur-
rounded by broad short bracts, brown on the edges, but more or less silky-
hairy on the back, and not so obtuse as in H. montana. Flowers smaller.
Sepals 3 to 4 lines long, lanceolate, acute, very silky-hairy. Petals broad,
emarginate, almost 2-lobed. Stamens above 40, without staminodia. Car-
pels 3, glabrous, 2-ovulate. Arillus very short.

^V. Australia. Drummond ; Cape Riche, Preiss, n. 2144.

Var. diffusa. Dwarf, with obovate-oblong leaves of 1 in. or rather more. Flowers large.
— Stoney hills, Tone river, Oldjield.

48. H. pilosa, Stend. in Pl. Preiss. i. 272. Branches slender, weak,
loosely pubescent or hairy. Leaves narrow-oblong or oblong-oval, above 1
in. long, the margins slightly recurved, nearly glabrous, scabrous, or loosely
hairy. Flowers closely sessile, surrounded by broad brown scarious bracts,
usually mucronate, and shorter and thinner than in H. montana. Sepals
hairy, with loose spreading not silky hairs, acute, ahont 3 lines long. Stamens
and carpels of //. mordana, of which this plant may possibly hereafter prove
to be a variety only.

W. Australia. Dense shady places, Darling's Rauge, Preiss, n. 2130 {Tlb. Sonder.).

49. H. montanay Steud. in Pl. Preiss. i. 270. Stems usually erect,
from a thick rliizome, 1 ft. high or rather more, pubescent. Leaves in the
normal form linear-oblong, obtuse, with a minute point, |- to 1 in. long, the
margins slightly recurvcd, narrowed at the base, usually glabrous above, silkj'-
hairy underneath. llowers closely sessile, and surrounded by 2 or 3 orbicular
shining brown bracts. Sepals very densely clothed with long silky hairs, the
outer ones acuminate, and often aljove 5 lines long. Pctals obovate, eraar-
ginate. Staraens very muuerous, without staminodia. Caii^els 3, glabrous,
2-ovuIate. — H. discolor and //. comnmlata, Steud. in Pl. Preiss. i. 267.

"W. Australia. Hills of Swaa River and Canuing river, aud Darling Rangc, CoUie,
Driaiimond, Prei.is, n. 2135, 2136, and 2137, aud others.

Var. confertifolia. Leaves and flowers sraaller. — H. confertifoHa, Steud. in Pl. Preiss. i.
267. King George's Sound and neighbouriug districts, Oldfield, Preiss, n. 2143, aud others.

Var. major. Larger and more brauched and ofteu more or less hirsute, with long s])rcad-
ing hairs. Leaves usually larger, on luxuriant shoots often above l^ or 2 in. long, broad
and coarsely toothed, aliuost all less contracted at the base than in the uormal forra, and closcly
sessile. — H. ovata, Steud. iu Pl. Preiss. i. 270. — Swan River, Drummond ; Darling Range,
Preiss, n. 2134. Some speciraeus of this variety look so ditrcrent frora H. r.iontana, with
their coarse habit, long spreading hairs, aud broad-tootlied leaves, that I had at first rctaiued

D 2

36 II. DiLLENlACEiE. [^lUbbertia.

theTii as a distinct species; bnt they pass iiito the smaller forms through so many inter-
mediates, that I have becn quite unable to draw any detiuite limits betweeu theni.

§ G. Subsessiles. — Carpels glabvous, usiially 3, witli 1 or 2 ovules in cach,
l)ut in one species 5 or more, with 6 or more ovules in each. Stamens usually
lunncrous, without staminodia. Leaves flat or the margins slightly recurved.
Bracts sniall or passing into thesepals. Flowers sessile or ncarly so.

50. H. linearis, R. Br. in DC. Syst. Veg. i. 428. Much branched,
erect or tlivaricate, or rarely decumbent, glabroiis in all its parts, or with a
very minute pubescence on the young shoots. Leaves in the normal forms
linear, rfither acute or obtuse, with a short recurved poiut, 4 to 8 bnes long,
or nearly 1 in. wlien luxnriant, the margins flat or slightly recurved, aud not
couvex underneath. Flowers ou very short peduncles, and usually suiTounded
l)y i'ather longer ttoral leaves, with small acuminate browu bracts at the base
of the peduncle, and one or two at the suuimit passing into the sepals. Se-
pals all or the inuer ones only obtuse, glabrous with thin margins, 2\ to 3
iiues long. Petals obovate, scarcely notched. Stamens 15 to 20, without
stamiuoiiia. Carpels usually 3, rarely 2 or 1, glabrous, 2-ovulate.

Queensland. IMoreton Island, MGillivray, F. Mueller.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Broicn, Sieber, w. 138, and Fl. Mi.rL n. 503, and
others ; aiid nojthward to New Eugland, C. Stuart.

\ar.floriLinii/a. Sepais more acute and rather hairy. Stamens niore numerous. — Peers
Island, A. Cunningham.

\'ar. grandijlora. Sepals above 4 liaes long. Stamens about 50. — New England, C.
Stuart.

\ ar. ? ohtusifulia. More iHgid thau the normal form, more frequently erect, and more
or less hairy, with a minute crisped or shovtly stellate tomentum, sometimes denstly and
softly pubescent, and vcry rarely glabrous. Leaves from linear to broadly oblong-s])athu-
late, vei-y obtuse or truucate, iu some southern specinicns above 1 \ in. long, and mostly
narrowed into a short petiole. Elowers rather larger than in the normal varicty, witli
numerons stamcns. — //. obtusifolia, DC. Syst. Veg. i. 429 ; 11. canescens, Sicb. in Spreni;.
Syst. Cur. Post. 211.

Queensland. Brisbane and Burnctt rivers, F. Mueller.

N. S. Wales. Port .Tackson, Sieber, n. 140 ; Twofold Bay, F. Mueller ; and other
places south of .Sydncy, A. Cu7iningJiam.

Victoria. Goiilburn rivcr, towards the Dandcnong rangcs, aud on the northcrn slopes
of thc Austraiiau Alps, F. Mueller ; also iu Mitclieirs coUcctions. The majority of spe-
cimcns of this variety havc a veiy difTercnt aspcet frora those of the typical H. linearis ;
but as thcrc are ccrtaiuly nnmcrotis intermcdiates, I fecl compelled to foUow Y. Mucller in
unitiiig theni as varicties. Hc also iucludes iu thc same spccies the ibnowing //. diffusa,
which, however, appcars to mc to be rather more constant iii its characters. The speci-
mcns dcscribed by l)e Candolle were from Port Jacksou, not from Van Dicmen's Land.

51. H. di£Fusa, R. Br. in DC. Syst. Feg. i. 429. Stems low, usually
diffuse or prostrate, with numerous short asccnding branches, pubescent or at
length glabrous. Leaves from obovate to linear-cuneate, vcry obtuse or trun-
cate, seldom above \ iu. long, and then ofteu 2- or 3-tootlied. Peduncles
very short. Sepals broadly obloiig, obtuse, about 4 Uncs long, the outer ones
rather shorter and narrower. Petals obovate, entire. Stamens about 20 to
25, without staminodia. Carpels usually 3, or rarely 2 or 4, glabrous, ?,-
ovnlate.

N. S. Wales. Port Jack.-ou, R. Brolvn, Sieber, n. 145, and Fl. Mi.tt. n. 501, aud
otliers.

HMeriia.] ii. dilleniace^e. 37

Var. dilatala. Morc erect aud very nuich branched. Leavcs small, broadly spathulate,
and nuicli contracted at thc base, vvith a petiole often longer Ihan the bladc. Carpels 1, 2,
or 3. — //. monogijna, R. Br. iu DC. Syst. Veg. i. 429 ; H. cUlatata, A. Cuuu. Herb. —
Port Jackson, R. Brown and othcrs ; and southward to Yowaka river, F. Mueller.

52. H. saligna, R. Br. m DC. Syst. Feg. i. 427. Branches elongated,
flexuose, apparently dilluse or lialf trailing, softly pubescent wlien young.
Leaves oblong-linear or lanceolate, usually shortly pointed, \\ to 3 in. long,
narrowed below, with a broader stcm-clasping base, leaving a raised ring on
the branch, gUibrous or nearly so above, loosely villous underneath. Flowers
sessile in a ciuster of floral leaves. Sepals oval-oblong, 6 to b lines long, the
inner ones obtiise, the outer ones more lanceolate and pointed, very silky-
hairy outside. Petals broadly obovate, scarcely notched. Stamens 20 to 30,
without stamiuodia. Carpels 3, glabrous, 2-ovidate.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown and others ; to the Blue Mouutains, A. Cuu-
ningham, Miss Atkinson, aud others.

53. H. volubilis, Andr. Bot. Rep. t. 126. Stems woody, short and
trailing, or twining and climbing to the height of 2 to 4 ft., the young parts
more or less clothed with sillcy hairs. Leaves from obovate to lanceolate,
obtuse or acute, l^ to 3 in. long, narrowed below, but slightly enlarged and
stem-clasping at the base, leaving a raised ring on the stem, as in most Can-
dolleas, glabrous above, silky-hairy underneath. Flowers the krgest of the
genus, nearly sessile, tlie upper leaves passing into sepal-Iike bracts. Sepals
8 lines to 1 in. long, ovate-acuminate, very silky-hairy outside. Petals oljo-
vate, entire. Stamens very numerous, Avithout stanunodia. Carpels usually
5, but sometimes iip to 8, glabrous, 6- to 8-ovnIate. — Billenia scandens, Willd.
Spec. ii. 1251 ; Billenia volubilis, Vent. Choix, t. 11 ; B. speciosa, Bot. Mag.
t. 449, not of Thunb.

Queensland. Loose sand aud sides of rocks uear the sea, Moreton Island, 3rGilli-
vrai/, F. MupJIer.

N. S. Wales. N. shoi-e, Port Jackson, R. Browii aud others ; Kiama, Ilarvei/ ;
Hastiugs river, Beckler ; Paramatta, Woolls.

\ 7. HemiJiibbertifS. — Cai-pels glabrous, except iii H. (/rossulariafolia md
II. lasiopus. Stamens very numerous, with several, often numerous, small
subulate or clavate staminodia round the outside. Leaves flat. Flowers
pedunculate.

54. H. grossularisefolia, Salish. Parad. Lond.t. 73 {Burtonia o\\i\\Q
plate). Stems weak and prostrate or trailing, loosely pubescent. Leaves
distinctly petiolate, ovate or oval-oblong, obtuse, 1 to 1 ^ in. long, unduhite
and coarsely toothed, prominently pinuate-veined underneath, glabrous or
scabrous above, more or less pubescent or Iiairy underneath. Flowers rather
small, on filiform peduncles of 1 in. or more, with 2 or 3 narrow bracts at their
base. Sepals ovate or lanceolate, acuminate, about 3 lines long, silky-hairy.
Petals obovate, entire or nearly so. Stamens niunerous, with several flliform
or clavate staminodia outside; anthers short but oblong. Carpels 10 to 15,
villous, 2-ovulate. — Bot. Mag. t. 1218 ; DC. Syst. Veg. i. 425 ; Keichb. Ic.
et Descr. Pl. t. 74 ; H. crenala, Andr. Bot. Bep. t. 472 ; //. latifolia, Steud.
iu PI. Preiss. i. 269 ; Warburtonia potentiliina, F. Muell. Fragra. i. 230.
t. 9; ii. ]82.

38 II. DiLLENlACEiE. [lUbbertia.

y^. Australia. S.iudy aud rocky placcs near thc sea, King Georp;e's Sound, R. Broicn,
Menzies ; Swaii Kivcr, Coliic, Bnumnund, Freiss, n. 2126; Cape Naturaliste, Olcljield.

55. H. dentata, R. Br. in DC. Syst. Veg. i. 42fi. Stems woody at tlie
base only, IrailiiiL!,- or twiuing', glabrous or the youn<j branches pubescout.
Leaves dislinctly pcliohite, ohlong, obtuse or acute, l^ to 2| in. long, flat,
raarked with a 1'ew distaut callous teeth, or slightly sinuate, roundcd at the
base, ghibrous or pubesccut wlicu young. Flowers rather hnrge, on short pe-
duuclcs, with 1 or 2 smalJ bracts at their base. Sepals ovate, \ in. long, the
inner ones obtuse, the outer rathcr shortcr and more acute, rarely all acumi-
nate, pubcsceut or silky-hairy. Petals obovate, entire or scarccly notched.
Stanicus very niuuerous with sleuder tilaments, the anthers short, altliough
not so broad as in the BrachjanthercE, and a cousiderable number of tiliform
or clavate staminodia outside. Carpels 3, glabrous, G- to 8-ovulate. — F.
Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 217 ; Bot. Eeg. t. 282; Bot. Mag. t. 2338.

rj. S. ^Vales. Woods and stony places near the sea, Port Jackson, R. Broioi, Caley,
aud (ithers ; northward to llastings and Clarcnce rivers, Beckler ; aud southward to lllawara,
A. Ciiindnyham ; aud Twofold Bay, F. Mueller.

Victoria. Stony forcst declivities, near the Genoa river, Geuoa Peak, and other
localitics at the S. E. limit of Gipps' Land, F. Mueller.

56. H. perfoliata, Endl. in Ilueg. Enum. 3. Stcras weak, procum-
bent, asccndiiig or sliortly crect, or somctimes shortly trailing, quite glabrous
as well as thc wliolc plaiit. Leaves ovate, acute, 1 to 2 iu. long, often edged
with rainute distant teeth, perfoliatc near tlie base, the auricks cpiitc united
l)cliind the stem. Peduncles 1 to 2 in. long. Sepals lanceolate, acute or
acuminate, 4 to 5 lincs long. Pctals obovate, entire. Stamens numcrous,
with a fcw short filiform starainoclia outside. Carpels 3, 4, or 5, ghibrous.
— Bot. Ecg. 1843, t. G4.

■W. Australia. Marshes, Svvan River, Huegel ; Freemantle, CoJlie ; shady boggy
|ila«s about IVrlh, Preiss, n. 2127; Vasse river, Oldficld ; Kina; George's Souud, A.
Canninglium.

57. H. bracteosa, Tarcz. in Bull. Mosc. 1852, ii. 140. Stems ercct,
somewhat comprcssed, with 2 prominent angles, 1 to 1|- ft. high, glabrous
like the whole plant. Leaves broadly obovate, very obtuse, 1 to 2 in. long,
closcly clasping the stera at their base, the auricles slightly decurrent or pro-
jectiug beyond the stera. Peduucles lcaf-opposed or axiLlary, 1 in. long or
more. Fiowers largc. Sepals ovate, 5 to 6 liues loug, the inner ones obtuse,
the outer raore acute. Petals vcry broadly obcordate. Staraons vcry nume-
rous, with a few filiform staminodia outside. Carpels 5, glabrous, 3- or 4-
ovulato.

W. Australia. Drummond, n. 286 ; Plantagcuet, Stirling, Perongerup ranges,
Maj-icell.

58. H. amplexicaulis, Steud. in Pl. Preiss. i. 200. Perfectly gla-
brous like the last two, with asccnding or perliaps half-trailing stems of 1 to
2 ft. Leaves broadly lanceolate or oblong, acute, 2 to 3 in. long, embracing
tlie stem by two ovate auricles, quite free or occasionally uuited beyond the
stem. Pedunclcs flexuose, 1 to 2 in. long. Flowers rather large. Sepals
fidly 6 lincs, ovate-Ianccolate, aud very acute in the original specimens, broader
and very obtusc iu raany others. Pctals broadlv obovato, cntire or slightly

Hibbertia.'] ii. dillemace.e. 39

notched. Stamens very numerous, with a few filiforin staminodia outsidc.
Carpels -t or 5, glabrous, 4-ovulate.

W. Australia. King George's Soiinc], Menzies ; aud tlieuce to Vasse and Swan
rivers, Brummond, Preiss, ti. :212".), Oldjlehl, aud others.

Some specimens have the auricles of the lower leaves more or less uuited, thus showing
an approach to 11. perfoUata, and have bccn described as specics undcr the uames of H.
bupleurifolia, Lclim. Nov. Hort. Hauib. aud Liuntea, xxv. 307, and of H. disticlia, Lehm.
1. c. 309. They may be readily distiuguished from H. perfoliata, by the thicker rigid
pedicels, larger broader scpals, etc. Ou the other haud, uarrow-leaved branches appear
aluiost to pass iuto H. Cunninghamii.

59. H. Cunninghamii, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3183. Perfectly glabrous,
with slender branches apparently tending to climb. Leaves linear, mostly
pointed, 1 to 1| or rarely 2 in. long, the edges scarcely recurved, narrowed
below the mitldle, but expanded again into a stem-clasping or sagittate base.
Peduncles axillary, ^ to f in. long, with a few small leafy bracts at their base.
Sepals thin, about 3 lines long, broadly ovate, the outer ones more acute.
Petals slightly notched. Stamens numerous, witli numerous short tiliform
staminodia outside. Cai-pels 5, glabrous, 3- or 4-ovulate. — Candollea Ctm-
ninf/hamii, Benth. in Maund. Bot. ii. t. 83 ; Hibbertia lactuccefolia, Steud. in
PI. Preiss. i. 267.

TV. Australia. Kiug George's Souud, R. Browii, A. Cunningham, aud othcrs ; Cape
Riche, Harvry ; shady places, Sussex and Plantagenet districts, Preiss, n. 2161 aud 2173 ;
Stirliug range, Ma.rioell ; Cape Naturaliste, Oldfield.

Vai-. ha-stata. Leaves rather broader, the broadest nearly 3 lines, and carpels, accordiug
to Steudel, 2 only. I have only seen fragnieuts. — H. hastata, Stead. in PI. Preiss. i. 266.—
S. W. Australia, Preiss, n. 2128.

60. H. glaberrima, T. Muell. Fragm. iii. 1. Perfectly glabrous.
Leaves (the upper ones only known) oblong-Ianceolate, obtuse with a short
glandular point, 1 to l^ in. long, quite entire, tapering below tlie middle al-
most into a petiole, and slightly expanded so as to half-clasp the branch.
Peduncles axillary or terminal, about l^ in. long. Innermost sepals fully 6
to 7 lines long, and very broad, the others gradually diminishing to the outer-
most, which is lanceolate and about 3 lines. Petals not much longer than
the calyx. Stamens very numerous (200 to 300), ^vith numerous (2 or 3
dozen) short clavate staminodia outside. Carpels 3, glabrous, with about 8
ovules in each.

S. Australia. In the intcriorat Brinkley's Bluff, near MacdonueU's Range, M'Douall
Stuart. Evidently nearly allied to H. amplexicaulis, but without tJie basal auriclcs
of the leaf.

61. H. "M.ylnei^BenlJi. Eesembles,at first sight, someof thehairy varieties
of //. montana, but the flowers are different. Stems in our specimens short
and erect from a thick rhizome, hispid as well as the leaves with long spread-
ing or reflexed hairs. Leaves oblong, obtuse, or shortly pointed, mostly
about 1 in. long, slightly contracted, and half stem-clasping at the base, the
margins scarcely recm-ved. Flowers closely sessile in a cluster of smaller
floral leaves, and smTounded by brown scarious bracts as in H. montana, but
the sepals (5 or 6 lines long) are glabrous, the petals almost 2-lobed, and the
nuraerous stamens, with slender tilaments and short anthers, are surroundcd
by small, filitbrm or slightly clavate staminodia. Carpels 3, glabrous, 2-ovulate.

40 II. DILLENIACE^. [HiljdeHia.

\ir. Australia. Swaa River, Mijhie.

62. H. lasiopuSy Benth. Stems nsually rather short, with a short
pubesceuce, mixeJ with long spreadinjij hairs, iu our speciuieus uearly simple
and erect from a thick rhizome. Leaves from obovatc to oblong, 1 to 2 iu.
long, or rather more, the Lirger ones ofteu coarsely toothed aud more or less
hairy, thc younger ones often deeply toothed, narrowed but half-stem-clasp-
ing at the base. Flowers on very hairy peduncles of ^ to l^ in., surrouuded
at the base by broad brown scarious bracts. Sepals very densely silky-hairy,
\ in. long, acuminate. Petals broadly obovate, deeply notched. Stamens
very numerous, with a ring of filiform or clavate staminodia outside. Cai^pcls
5, very villous, 2-ovrdate.

W. Australia. Swan River, Drimmond, MijJne.

G.3. H. potentillseflora, T. Muell. Herb. Stems either nearly simple,
crect, from a thick rhizome, aiid |- to 1 foot high, or louger, aud branched,
hoary, with a short, close, somewhat silky pubesceuce. Leaves oblong-liuear or
lanceoLate, usually obtuse, 1 to 2 iu. long, the margins flat or slightly recurved,
silky-haiiy ou both sides when young, but nearly ghibrous above when old,
narrowed below, and scarcely stem-clasping. Pechmcles ckistered, or rarely
solitary, silky-hairy, 1 to l^ in. long, surrounded at the base by broad browu
scarious bracts. Sepals silky-haii-y; ovate, rather acute, about 5 liues loug,
with membranous edges. Petals obovate, retuse, stamens very numerous,
more or less chistered between the carpels, but free, with a considerable
uumber of subulate staminodia outside. Authers oval-oblong, openiug
laterally. Carpels 5, ghibrous, 2-ovvdate.

\ir. Australia. Swan River, Drummond, \st Coll.; Murehisou River, Oldjleld.

§ 8. Braclnjanlher(B. — Caqjels glabrous. Stamens about 15 to 20, with-
out staminodia. Anthers (except in H. pungens) ovate or orbicidar, flattened,
with the cells opening ou the inuer face. Leaves uarrow^linear, glabrous.
Flowers pcduncuhite.

64. H. pungens, Benth. Glabrous and rigid with the pungent leaves
of II. acicnlaris aud II. acerosa, but very diflerent stameus. Leaves narrow-
linear, or linear-subuhite, ofteu fasciculate, the longest aboiit \ in. long, very
rigid, with a finc puugcnt point. Peduncles shorter tlian the leaves, recm-ved.
Sepals about 2 lines long, broad, obtuse, or the outer ones with a sliort, iine
point, qiute glabrous. Cai-pcls 5, glabrous, 2-ovukte. Stamens about 15,
without staminodia. Anthers oblong.

W. Australia. E. ]VIount Barreu and Phillip^s River, Maxwell {Hb. F. Muell.).

65. H. nutans, Benth. Branches ngid, rather wiry, and erect from a
thick rhizome, the youug ones ash-colourcd, but ghibrous. Leaves rigid,
linoar, with a sliort recurved poiut, mostly about \ in. long, the margins
slightly recurved, the mich-ib uuderneath veiy thick, whitish, but glabrous.
Peduncles recurved, about \ iu. long. Sepals 5 to 6 lines, glibrous, the
inner ones with membranous edges. Petals not seeu. Stameus about 20,
without staminodia. Anthers ovate, flat, opening inwards, the connective
ending in an ol)tuse, pronunent point. Carpels 5, glabrous, 2-ovulate.

W. Australia. Snau River, Drummond, Colt. 1S43, n. 10.

irMertia.'] ii. dilleniace.e. 41

OG. H. leptopus, Benth. Glabrous and slender, like //. steUaris, but
stiffer and less branched, and tlie branches usually ashy-wliitc. Leaves
narrow-liuear, obtuse, or nearly so, 1 to 1| in. long, the edges so rcvolute as
to make them ncarly terete. Pedicels very slender, usually about \ in. long.
Flowers of //. stellaris, but sraaller, the sepals more herbaceous. Authers
nearly orbicuhir, and very concave on the inner face. Caqiels of H. stellaris.
W. Australia. Swau River, Drummond, n. 11.

67. H. stellaris, Bndl. iu Ilueg. Enmi. 3. Ghibroiis, with numerous
slender branches. Leaves liuear, flat, acute, and somewhat falcate, mostly
about 1 in. long, narrowed below the middle, the floral ones often sliglitly
enlarged and sheathing, or stem-clasping at the base. Flowers numerous, on
slender peduncles of y to f in. Sepals orbicuhu-, membranous, very obtuse,
about 2 lines long. Petals nearly twice as long, broad, deeply notched and
more persistent than in most species. Stamens about 15, without stami-
nodia, the anthers short, broad, and flattened, turned over the ovaries, and
opening on the inner face. Carpels 3, very truncate, giabrous, 1- or 2-ovu-
late. — H. tenuiramea, Steud. in Pl. Preiss. i. 268.

W. Australia. Sandy placcs, Swan River, Hiujel, Prnss, n. 2145 ; from Geographcr
Bay anJ Gordou rivcr to JMurchisou river, Maxwell, Ohljicld, aud others.

3. CANDOLLEA, Labill.

Sepals 5. Petals 5. Stamens united to the middle or higher up, into flve
bundles, each bearing 2 to 6 anthers, and alternating Avith the carpels when
there are five carpels, or when the carpels are reduced to 3 or 2, 2 or 3 of
the buudles are often reduccd to a single stamen, and in some species tliere
is a free stamen within each bimdle. No stamiuodia. Carpels usually 3 or
5, very rarely reduced to 2, always glabrous, ^\-ith 1, 2, or very rarely 3
ovules in each. Styles and fruit of Hlbbertia. — Shrubs or uudershrubs with
the habit of Hibbertia.

All the known species are from West Australia.

Flowers sessile within the floral leaves.

Leaves with flat, or slightly recurved, not revolute margins.
Leaves obovate or oblong. Carpcls 5, 2- or 8-ovulate.

Leaves obovate or shortly obovate-cuueate. Fetals slightly

esceediiig the calyx 1. C. cuneifunitis.

Leaves uarrow-oblong, 1 to 2 in. Petals much longer than

the calyx, deeply notched 2. C. tetrandra.

Leaves linear or subulate. Carpels 3 to 5, 1-ovulate.

Leaves linear-cuneate, enlarged at the base iuto a broad

sheath 10. C. (jluberrinia.

Leaves linear, slightly dilated at the base, obtuse or trun-

cate, f to 1 in. Carpels 5, rarely 3 3. ^. ylomerosa.

Leaves heathlike, clustered, mostly 2 to 4 lines. Carpels 3 4. C. teretifotia.
Leaves linear, with revolute margins

Leaves heathlike, glabrous, mostly 2 to 4 lines. Flowers

small. Sepals glabrous 4. C teretifolia.

Leaves clustered, mostly i in.,the floralones and sepals hairy.
Carpels 3.

Stem shrubby. Lcaves rigid, tlie floral oucs hjng, gla-

brous at thc tips 3. 6'. desinoi^hytla.

43 II. UILLENIACE.E. [Candollea.

Stem half hcrbaccous. Lcavcs vcry hirsutc, the flora!

oucs uot exccccliug Ihc llowers 6. C heVianthemoides.

Carpels 5. Stcni half hcrbaccous 7. C.fasciculata.

Leavcs raostly 1 to 2 in. long and scarcely clustered.

Giabrous. Leaves rigid, mostly acute. Staminal bundles of

about 5 8. C. Huegelii.

Sllky-hairy. Leaves less rigid. more obtuse. Stamiual

bnndles of 2 or 3 each 9. C.pachyrrhiza.

Flowers ])cdunculate.

Peduudes shorter than the enlargcd shcaths of the floral lcavcs.
Lcaves flat, obtuse, or truucate.
Bhide of thc lloral leavcs longer than their sheaths . . . .10. C. glaberriina.
Shcaths of the floral lcaves | in., with the blade rcduced to a

short point \\. C. vaginata.

Pcduiicles longer thau the sheatiis of the lloral lcaves. Leaves
flat or the margins scarceiy rccurvcd, obfusc or truncate.
Plant very glaucous. Lcaves thiclc, broadly liucar, mostly
above 1 in. Peduncles tomentose, scarccly longer thau the

llov\-crs 12. C. Preissiana.

Plant slightly glaucous. Leaves narrow, ^ to 1 in. Peduncles

long, slender, glabrous 13. C. pedunculata.

Peduucles short. Leaves uarrow-linear, rigid, thick, without
sheaths.

Leaves with a straight pungent point 14. C. exasperata.

Leaves recurved at the top 15. C. uncinata.

1. C. cuneiformis, Lahill. Pl. Nov. IIoU. ii. 34, /. 176. Au ci-ect shnib,
attaiuiiij;' soiiictiuics above a uiau's lieiglit, but ofteu nmch lower, with numerous
sliort, crowtlcd branches, the youug oues slightly hairy. Leavcs from oblong-
cuucatc to obovate, obtuse, truucate, or with a few teeth at the top, scldoui
above 1 iu. long, flat, narrowed into a short stem-elasping petiole, leaviug a
promincnt ring on the brauch. Flowers sessiie anioug the crowdcd floral
leaves. Sepals ovate-oblong, the 2 outcr ones thick, about \ in. long, the
inuer shorter, thinner, and broadcr. Petals ratlicr louger, broad, aud dceply
notched. Stainens in 5 buuches of 3 to 5 eacli, with one frcc one withiu
each buuch. Carpcls 5, ghibrous, 2-ovnlate. Anllus morc thau half as loug
as the seed. — Bot. Mag. t. 2711 ; IUbbertia obciuieata, Salisb. Parad. Lond.
under n. 73.

W. Australia. Xiug Georgc's Souud, R. Brown and others ; Poiut Posscssion, Collie ;
Champiou Hay, Boner ; Geographer Bay aud Bald Island, Oldjield.

2. C. tetrandra, Luidl. But. lieg. 1S42, Mlsc. 39, and 1S43, /. 50.
Branches ehmgated, angular, shortly pubescent. Leaves from narrow-obloug
to obloug-obovate, obtuse, or shortly acumiuate, but not truucatc, 1 to 2i in.
long, the larger ones obscurely or coarsely toothed, nanowed at the base, and
stcin-chispiug, as in C. cuneiforinis. Flowers as in that species, but hu-gcr,
tlu» outer alniost acute sepals oftcn 8 lines, and the petals fully 1 in. Stamens
of C. cnimformis. Carpels 5, glabrous, with 2 or rarely 3 ovules in each.
Ripe carpcls black, and souiewhat flcshy. Seeds more or less enveloped in
an orauge-colourcd lobed arillus. — C. latifolia, Steud. in Pl. Preiss. i. 273.

W. Australia. Swan River, Drummond, Coll. 1843, n. 6 ; shady places, Port Lesche-
nault, 1'rriss, «. 21G2.

C. calgcina, Steud. iu Pl. Preiss. i. 274, from Port Leschenault aud Sussex district,
Preiss, n. 2131, appcars to be the same species, although the pctals are said to bc sniallcr.

CandoUea.'] ii. dilleniace.e. 43

The speciinens I havc seeu are bad, and the petals shrivellcd or fallcn olT, the caq^els oearly
ripe.

3. C. glomerosa, Benth. Stems virgate, usually glabrous, except
about thc Horal lcaves. Leaves liuear, obtuse, or truncate, mostly f to 1 in.
long, glabrous, tlie raargins tlat or recurved, but iiot revolute, narrowed below
the middle, and slightly enlarged and stem-clasping at the base. Flowers
nearly or quite sessile, usually surrounded by 2 or 3 ovate glabrous bracts,
sometimes passing into tlie sepals. Calyx clothed with long, silky, or woolly
hair^, or sometimes quite ghibrous, the outer sepals ovate-lanceolate, acute, 3
to 4 lines long, the iuner broad and more obtuse. Petals broad, notched.
Stamens in 5 bundles of 4 to 6 each, often with a free one inside. Carpels
5, gUdjrous, 1-ovidate. Seeds brown, Avith a short, entire, or lobed arillus.

VT. Australia. Swan River, Drummond ; Port Gregory, Oldfield.
Var. siihsericea. ]\Iore silky ; stamens fewcr, two of the clusters reduced to single
stamcns, and carpels 3 only. — Swan River, Brummond.

4. C. teretifolia, Turcz. hi Bull. Mosc 1849, ii. 7. Perfectly glabrous.
Branches slender, erect, virgate Leaves hcath-like, often clustered, linear,
semiterete, slender, and rather acute, usually 2 or 3 lines, but in some speciraens
^ in. long, the margins scarcely or not at all revohite. Flowers small,
sessile in the clusters of leaves. Sepals ovate, raembranous, coloiu'ed, scarcely

2 hnes long, with 2 or 3 short orbicular bracts. Petals broadly obovate,
entire. Stamens in 3 chisters of about 3 each, often less uuited than in most
Cundolleas, and 2 single stamens. Carpels 3, glabrous, 1-ovidate. The general
aspect is very much that of the small giabrous-leaved speciniens of Hihbertia
fascicutata, but the stamens and ovaries are very ditferent. — Pleura^idra
enervia, DC. Syst. Veg. i. 421?, Steud. in PL Preiss. i. 264; P. Jiemir/nosta
and P.hibbertioides, Steud. 1. c. i. 265.

■^V. Australia. King George's Sound, Harvet/, Oldfield; ironstone gravel of the
Darling Hills, Hrummond, \st Colf., also Mh Coll. n. 124 ; sandy places, Plantagenet dis-
trict, and aloug places ou the N. side of Mount Bakewell, Preiss, ». 2155, 2163, 2164, and
2172 ; and eastward to Phillips river, Ma.rwell. — I have been unable to find authentic
specimens of the plant described by De Caudolle in the Lambertian Herbarium, uovv dis-
persed.

In one speciracn frora the East River flats, Stokes' Inlet, Maxwell, the lcaves are not so
slender, very obtuse or rccurved at the top, and groovcd undcmeath by the slightly recurved
uiai'gins, b\it the flowcrs arc precisely the same.

5. C. desmophylla, ^^»2!/^. Stems rigid, divaricately branched, glabrous,
or the young ones loosely pubescent. Leaves densely clustered, linear, ob-
tuse, mostly about \ in. long, the margins closely revolute, rather dilated at
the base, clothed with long, loose, spreading hairs, to about the middle,
glabrous, smooth, and ahnost terete above. Flowers sessile in the clusters,
much shorter than all except the innermost leaves, and immediately siuTOunded
by a few imbricate membranous bracts, with brown tips, passing into similar
but longer sepals, of which the innermost are 2| lines long and scarious,
Avithout the brown tips. Petals obovate, obtuse. Stamens in 3 bundles of

3 or 4 each, and 2 single ones. Carpels 3, glabrous, 1-ovulate.

\ir. Australia. Drnminond ; ]\Iurchison river, Oldfield.

6. C. helianthemoides, Turc2. ui Butt. Mosc 184'J, ii. 8. Stem

4 4 II. DiLLENiACE.E. \_Candollea.

erect or procumbeiit, ratlier slender, and apparently half herbaceoiis, aboiit
1 foot long, the branches clustered or dichotomous, the young" ones as well as
the leaves softly hairy. Leaves usually chistered, linear or liuear-lanceolate,
obtuse, 4 to 8 lines long, the margins rather thick aud revohite. Eiowers
sessile withiu the clusters of leaves, the bracts at their base small, or noue.
Sepals obloug, obtuse, about 2^ lines long, membranous and coloured. Petals
broadly 2-lobed, narrowed iiito a claw. Stamens in 5 buudles, of which
usually 3 have 3 or 4 each, and 2 have only 2 each. Carpels 3, glabrous,
1-ovulate.
W. Australia. Brummond, 4/A Coll. n. 118.

7. C. fasciculata, R. Br. in BC. Syst. Veg. i. 424. Stems procum-
bent, half herbaceous, loosely clothed as well as the leaves Avith silky or
ahuost woolly hairs, wliich wear otf witli age. Leaves clustered below the
branches and about the liowers, distant ou the branclies, linear, obtuse, ^ to 1
in. long, or mucli sliorter ou the smaller brauches, all witli the margius revo-
hite. Flowers sessile iu the clusters of leaves, which are all louger tliau them,
except a few of tlie inuermost. Sepals membrauous, about 3 lines long,
slightly hairy, the outer ones acute, the inuer ones less so. Stamens in 5
bundles, usually of 3 each, without free inner ones. Carpels 5, glabrous,
l-ovuhite. — Hihhertia depressa, Steud. iu Pl. Preiss. i. 268 ; C kochioides,
Turcz. in Buli. Mosc. 1849, ii. 7 (from the description given),

■^V, Australia. King George^s Soimd, li. Browii and others ; iu woody places, Mylne ;
saiuly liills ucar Alljaiiy, Preiss, n. 2153.

8. C. Huegelii, Endl. in Ilaeg. Enum. 2. Branches stiff, but often
elongated, glabrous -aud shining, or shortly villous about the Horal leaves.
Leaves narrow-linear, with the margins so elosely revolute as to appear almost
terete, acute, but frequently broken off at the ends so as to appear truncate,
1 to 2 in. long, or eveu more on vigorous slioots, the floral oues dilated and
steni-ck\sping at the base. Flowers uearly sessile in clusters of floral leaves,
with small lauceolate acumiuate bracts at their base. Sepals fully \ in. loug,
ovate-acumiuate, usually pubescent outside. Petals narrow-obovate, entire,
or uearly so. Stamens in 5 buudles of about 5 each, Avitli one free one inside
each bundle. Carpels 5, or very rarely 4, glabrous, 1-ovulate. — C. siriata,
Steud. in PI. Preiss. i. 275.

V^. Australia. Swan River, Drummond aud others; in saudy places near Perlh,
Preiss, n. 2148 ; between Perth and King George's Sonud, Harvei/. — I havc not seen
Iluegefs original specimen, but have no doubt of the identity of the species.

9. C. pachyrrhiza, Beuth. Nearly allied to C Huegelii, and possibly
a variety ouly, the stems are more erect, apparently arising froiu a thick
rhizome, and more or less silky-hairy, as well as the leaves. Leaves usually
shorter aud more obtuse, yet stiU exceeding 1 in. aud nearly terete. Flowers
similar to those of C. Hiiegelii, but smaller, and with fewer stamens, there
beiug usually only 2 or 3 to each bundle, and the iuner free ones often de-
flcieut. — Hibbertia pachyrrhiza, Steud. in Pl. Preiss. i. 269 ; H. basltricha,
Steud. 1. c. 268.

^V. Australia. Swan River, jyrawwowrf ; betwcen Perth aud Kiug Georges Sound,
llarcei/ ; sandy and stony places, Darling Range, Preiss, n. 214'J and 2165.

Candollea.'] il. dilleniace^. 45

10. C. glaberrima, Slencl. iu Fl. Preiss. i. 274. Apparently procum-
bent, mucli brauclied and somewhat glancous, either quite ghibrous or slightly
pubescent on the smaller shoots. Leaves linear or linear-cuneate, obtuse with
a sraall point, ^ to 1 in. long, or ratlier more, suddenly enlarged at the base
into a stem-cLisping sheath 2 to 3 lines long, leaving a ring round the stem
wheu they fall off. Pedicels included in the sheath, with 2 or 3 lanceolate
bracts at their base. Sepals lanceohite, acute, 4 to 5 lines long, more dis-
tinctly united than in most species into a short tube at the base, quite gla-
brous, keeled, membranous on the edges. Petals narrow-obovate, entire.
Stamens in 3 bundles of 2 or 3 each, and 2 single ones. Carpels 3, ghibrous,
1-ovulate. — C. siidcaf/iuafa, Steud. in Pl. Preiss. i. 275 ; C. rupestris, Steud.
1. c. (sheaths of the tloral leaves rather shorter).

TV. Australia. Swan River, Drummond ; sandy, shrubby, and woody places, Peith
district, Preiss, n. 2157; Hay district, n. 2160; aud clefts of rocks of Darling Ranee,
n. 2158.

11. C. vaginata, Bentlt. Stems numerous, erect from a thick rhizome,
and but little branched, the whole phint glaucous and glabrous, except a
slight pubescence on the flowering shoots. Lower leaves Hnear or linenr-lan-
ceolate, acute, 1 to 2 in. long, narrowed below the middle, and scarcely en-
Jarged at the base, the floral ones very much enlarged and sheathing below,
tiie upper ones reduced to broad loose acute sheaths of about \ in. Pedicels
very short and included in the sheaths, bearing a few minute bracts, and a
hnrger one under the flower. Sepals glabrous, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, about
3 lines long. Petals obovate, . etuse. Stamens in 3 or rarely 2 bundles of 2
or 3 each, and 2 or rarely 3 single ones. Carpels 3, ghibrouSj 1-ovulate.

W. Australia. Svvan River, Brummond.

12. C. Preissiana, Sleud. iu Pl. Preiss. i. 274. Much branched, and
more or less glaucous and glabrous, or witli a slight down or woolly hairs at
the base of the floral leaves. Leaves linear-oblong or lincar-cuneate, obtuse
with a short point, or more frequently truncate or 3-toothed, f to l^ in. long,
aud mostly 1|- to 2 iines broad, rather thick, flat, narrowed below the middle,
but mostly, especially tlie floral ones, again dilated and stem-chisping at the
base, leaving a prominent nug. Plowers irregularly clustered in the upper
axils, on pedicels of 2 to 5 liues. Sepals 3 to 4 lines long, thin and yellow
especially on the edges, the outer ones acute, the inner obtuse and petal-bke.
Petals narrow-obovate, slightly notched. Stamens in 3 or 2 bundles of about
3 each, and 2 or 3 single ones. Carpels 3, glabrous, 1-ovulate.

■W. Australia. Burges; maritirae i-ocks, Perth district, Preiss, n. 2\h% b ; Port
Gregory, Oldfield. This may probably prove to be a variety of C. i^edtmculata.

13. C. pedunculata, R. Br. in DC. Syst. Veg. i. 424. Stems usually
rather weak, branching, erect or ascending from a thick rhizome to about a
foot, but sometimes more rigid with short branches ; glabrous, except a few
hairs about tlie floral leaves. Leaves linear or Unear-cuneate, obtuse, trun-
cate or emarginate, \\q \\ in. long, the margins recurved, narrowed l^elow,
with a broader stem-claspiug or sheathing base, leaving a raised ring round
tlie stem, glabrous and in the larger specimens soniewhat giaucous. Pedun-
cles usuiilly clustered with small leaves in the upper axils, slender, 5 to |- in.

4.6 II. i)iLLEMACE.«. [Candollea.

loiig, formiug a kind of leafy raceme. Sepals aboiit 2 linos long, obtiisc, or
the outer ones acute, glabrous, membranous on the edgc. Petals clawed,
obovate-oblong, entire. Stamens in 3 or 4 ISundles of 3 or 4, with 2 or 1
single. Carpels 3 or 4, glabrous, 1-ovulate. — C. racemosa, Endl. in Hueg.
Enum. 2; C. tridentata, Turcz. in Bull. Mosc. 1849, ii. 140; C. assimilis,
Steud. in Pl. Preiss. i. 273 ; C. parvijlora, Steud. 1. c. i. 276 ; Hibhertia sub-
excisa, Stcud. in Pl. Preiss. i. 269.

"W. Australia. Kin2: George's Sound, R. Broirn and others ; Swan River, Drum-
mond, 'ilh Coll. n. 288, Oidjield ; sauds uear rertii, Preiss, n. 2133 (J, 21-40, aud 2150;
aud uorthwards to Murchisou river, Oldjield.

14. C. exasperata, Stmd. in Pl. Preiss. i. 276. Pigid, much branchcd
and gdabrous. Leaves narrow-linear, thick and rigid, poiuted and ahnost
pungcnt, about | in. long, slightly hoary or scabrous, but glabrous, the re-
ciirved margins slightly indicated by two striaj undcrneath. Pcchuicles 1 to
2 hnes long, erect, with sniall bracts at tlieir base, aud a large scpal-hke one
under the calyx. Sepals broad, obtuse, stitf, and dry, the iuuer oncs ncarly 4
lines, tlie outcr shorter and often shghtly lioary on the bud. Pctals obovate,
rather narrow, notchcd. Stamens scarccly united above tlie middle in 5 biui-
dles of 3 or sometimes 2 each, without single ones. Carpels 5, glabrous, 2-
ovulate. — Hibbertia squamosa, Turcz. in BuU. Mosc. 1849, ii. 9.

W. Australia. Swan River, Drummond, ^th Coll.n. 122; Roe ; gravelly places,
Q,uauycu l'laius, Victoria distriut, Preiss, n. 2175. Thc foliage is nearly that oi Hibbertia
mucronata.

15. C. uncinata, Benth. Higid, much branched and giabrous. Leaves
narrow-hnear, rigid, recurved upwards and obtuse, or Avith a miuute retlexed
point, 2 to 4 hues loug, the margius closely revolute, smooth or marked with
slight asperities. Pedicels 1 to 3 lines long, with a few narrow pointcd bracts
at their base, but none under the flower. Sepals broad, concave, very obtuse,
glabrous, abont 2 hncs long. Petals broadly obovate, retuse. Stamens in 5
bundles of usually 3 each, without any free ones. Carpels 5, glabrous, 2-
ovulate.

V^. Australia. Dnimmond. Thc foliage reseuibles that oi Hibbertia recurvifolia mA
H. roslellala.

C. ciffjnunim, Stcud. in Pl. Prciss. i. 275, is uukuown to nie. It is describcd as haviug
leaf-opposed peduucles, bracteatc iu the niiddlc, which is so unlii<c thc infloresceuce of any
Dilleniacca, that I cannot but suspect it is sonic vcry ditfereut plaut incorrectly dcscribcd.

4. ADRAST^A, DC.

Scpals .5. Pctals 5. Stamens 10, or occasionahy fewer, in a singlc series,
filauieuts dilated aud regularly cohering in a short tubc roiuid the pistil.
Carpcls and fruit oi' Hibbertia.

The genus consists of only one species, with the habit of a Hibbertia or Candollea.

1. A. salicifolia, HC. Syst. Veg. i. 424, Branches rather slender, ap-
parently crcct, thc youug ones silky-hairy. Leaves linear or liuear-oblong,
mostly with a minutc tine point, i to \\ in. long, ofteu bordcred by a few
reniote and minute caUous teeth, glabrous above whcn old, more or k^.ss silky
underneath. Elowers small, sessile in clusters of small leaves iu thc older
axils. Scpals lanceolate, very acute, nearly 3 hnes loug. Petals scarcely

Aclraslcea.'] ii. dilleniace^. 47

longer, obovate-oblong, obtuse. Anthers oblong, longer tlian the fllaments.
C'ar])els 2, glabrous, 1-ovulate. — Hibberiia salicifolia, F. Muell. Fragra. i. 161.

Queensland. Freslivvater swaraps and riisliy peat bogs about Moreton Bay an<l
Moreton and PeeFs Islands, A. Canningham, M'Gilticrai/, F. Muel/er.

N. S. "Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brov;n ; margius of bogs, A. Cunningham.

5. PACHYNEMA, E. Br.

(Iluttia, Drumm. and Harv.)

Sepals 5. Petals 5, rai'ely reduced to 4 or 8. Stamens usually 10, outer
ones in a single series all round the carpels, either aU perfect, or 3 or 3 of
them reduced to small staminodia ; tilaments either thickened and ovoid, or
flat, short, and broad ; anthers erect ; two inner staminodia alternating with
the carpels, and simUar to the perfect stamens, except that the anthers are
small and enipty or wanting. Carpels 2, 2-ovulate. Styles and fruit of
Hibbertia. — Perennial herbs or undershrubs, with erect, branching, rush-like
or flattened stems, apparently leatless, the leaves being all reduced to minute
scales, except sometimes a few at the base of the stem. Mowers small, on
very short reciu-\'ed lateral jieduncles. Bracts minute.

A small genus, eutirely Australian. The three specics of oue section aU tropical, the
fourth western.

Sect. 1. Huttia. — Filanients jlat,very short. Antherslong. 'i. P. couspicimm.

Sect. 2. Pachynema. — Filaments thick, ovoicl. Anthers small, the cells somewhat
diverging.

Stem and branches terete and rush-like 2. P.j/tnceum.

Stem and branches tiat.

Branches 1 to 2 lines broad, not glaucous 3. P. complanaium.

Branches j to ^ in. broad or more, very glaucous 4. P. ditatatum.

Section I. HuTTiA. — Filaments flat aud very short. Anthers long. —
Hattia (genus), Drumm. and Harv.

1. P. conspicuum, Benth. Stems erect, from a thick rhizome, 1 to l^
ft. high, branching, terete aud rush-like, glabrous or slightly hirsute at the
base. Leaves few and small at the base of the stem, naiTow' and mostly 3-
lobed, the upper ones all reduced to minute distant scales. Peduncles few
towards the top of the branches, 2 to 4 lines long, rather thick and recurved,
each bearing 1 flower, much larger than in the other species. Sepals fully 4
lines long, the outer ones lanceolate and acute, the inner broader, more obtuse
and membranous on one side. Petals obovate or orbicular, entire. Stamens
of the outcr row usually 7 only, the anthers obloug-linear, with the cells open-
ing laterally, the thrce others reduced to minute stamiuodia ; the 2 inuer
stamiuodia like the perfect stamens, except that the anthers are lanceolate
and pctal-like, their cells empty with the inner valve smaller than the outer
one. — Huttia consjncua, Drumm. aud liarv. in Hook. Kew Journ. vii. 51.

'^KT. Australia. Betweeu Moore and jNIurchison rivers, Drummond ; Murcliison river,
Otdjietd.

Section II. Pachynema. — Pilaments ovoid, tapering at the top, with
short termiaal anthers.

2. P, junceum, Benlh. Stenis ercct, branching, 1 to l^ ft. high,

48 n. Dii.LENiACE.E. \Pacliynema.

terete and rush-like, ov very sliglitly compressed, biit scarcely angular, linely
striate. Leaves all rediiced to minute distant scales. Peduncles usually
solitary, slender, recurved, 1 to 3 lines long, or terminatin<jf the branclies.
Sepals orbicuhvr, about 2 lines long, the outer ones rather smaller. Petals
obovate-orbicuhir, entire, about the same size as the sepals. Stanrens of the
outer row usually 7 or 8, perfect, the filaments thick, fleshy and ovoid at the
base, tapering at the top, where they bear 2 sniall iuuate diverging cells, the
3 or 2 other outer stamens reduced to minute staminodia, the 2 inuer stami-
nodia like the perfect stamens, but without anth(;rs. Cari)els 2, ghabrous,
tapering into pointed styles so as very much to resemble the stamens iu shape.
Ovules 2 in each ovary.

N. AustrAlia. N. eoast, R. Brown ; Victoria river, Bi/noe.

3. P. complanatum, R. Br. in DC. Si/st. Veg. i. 412. Erect, leafless
and glabrous, like the iast species, and the lower part of the stem at length
terete, but the branches are all flatteued with thiu edges, more or less
thickened in the middle, and seldoni above 2 lines broad. Scales niiuute and
distant. Peduncles exceedingly short, usually several togetlier in a little
cluster or sliort raceme. Flowers as in P. jnuceuni. In the one I opened
there were 8 perfect outer stamens, and I could not find the 2 minute abor-
tive ones to complete the ring. The inner stauiinodia and carpels precisely
as in P. junceniii. — Deless. Ic. Sel. i. t. 73.

N. Australia. N. coast, R. Broivn ; Melville Island, Fraser ; Port Essiugton, A.
Cunuinr/Iiioti, Lcichhardt.

4. P. dilatatum, Bentli. Allied to P. coiiiplanatnm, but apparently
taller and more robust, of a very glaucous hue, and the branches, thick and
auguhu', (lihitid upwards to the breadth of from \ to 1 in., and 2 to 3 lines
bioad eveu on the smallest branches. Peduncles on the edges of the branches
or in the forks. Plowers as in the last two species. In one of those I ex-
amined I found all 10 of the outer stamens perfect.

N. Australia. Macadam range, F. Mueller.

Order III. MAGNOLIACE^.

Sepals and petals several, imbncate, and often passing gradually from the
one to the otlier, deciduous ; or in the Australian genus the calyx exception-
ally 2- or 3-cleft. Stamcns indefinite, hypogynous ; fih-unents often thickencd
or dilated, anthers adnate. Carpels indefinite, rarely solitary, free or i^artially
cohering. Ovules 2 or more, attached to tlie inner angle of the cavity, or
rarely ascending from the base. Stigma sessile. Eipe carpels opening in 2
valves or indehisceut. Seeds with a crustaceous testa, often succulent exter-
nally; albumen copious, oily. Embryo minute, near the hilum, witli diva-
ricate colyledons. — Trees or shrubs, often avomatic. Leaves alternate, undi-
vided, reticiilately penninerved, entire or toothcd, with or without stipules.
Elowers axillary or terminal, sobtary or fascicuhitc, often large.

An Ordcr chiefly distril)ulcd over tropical and easteru tempcrate Asia and Nortli Americ,%
aiid ouly reprcseuttd by ouc soinewhat auoinalous geiius iii thc soutlicru liemisphere.

III. MAGNOLIACEJ;. 49

1. DRIMYS, Forst.

(Tasmaiinia, R. Br.)

Sepals 2 or 3, niembranous, united in the bud in a globular calyx, irregu-
larly split or separating wheu open. Petals usually few. Filaments thick,
the anther-cells parallel or divergent. Carpels various in number, mostly
solitary in the Australian species, contaiuing several ovules. Bcrries inde-
hiscent. — Glabrous and aromatic trees or shrubs. Leaves marked with pel-
lucid dots. Peduncles (iu the Australinn species 1 -flowered) arising from the
axils of deciduous scales at the base of the new shoots, but as these shoots
are rarely devcloped till the fruit has ripened, Ihe flowers appear to be in ter-
miual umbels with a ceutral bud. Flowers of a greenish-yellow or white, or
in some species (not Australiau) pink.

Besides the two Australian species, theie are oiie iu New Zealand, oue or moi'e iiiNew Ca-
ledouia, oue iu Boruco, and oue iu South Anierica.

Leaves taperiug into a short petiole. Berries sniali, globnlar . . . 1.2). aromafica.
Leaves narrowcd bclow, but obtuse or 2-am'ieulate at the very base.

Bcri-ics ovoid, about \ iu- loug 2. D. dipetaJa.

1. D. aromatica, T. Muell. Tl. Vict. i. 20. A bushy shrub or small tree,
rarely attaiuiug the height of 30 ft., and very dwarf in alpine stations. Leaves
from elliptic-oblong and scarcely 1 in. long in alpine forras, to oblong-lanceo-
late, and fully 3 in. long in luxnriant specimens, obtase or acute, always
tapering at the base into a short pctiole. Flowers polygamous, apparently
in terminal umbels, on pedicels rarely exceeding \ in., the scaly bracts very
small. Sepals usually 2, l^ to 2 lines long. Petals 2 to 8, nearly twice as
long. Carpels solitary, or rarely 2 or 3. Stigma linear, terminal at first,
but soon becoming Literal by the nnequal growth of the carpeL Bemes
globidar, about the size of a pea. — Tasmannla aromatica, E. Br. in DC. Syst.
Veg. i. 445 ; Deless. Ic. Sel. i. t. 84 ; Bot. Eeg. 1845, t. 43; Hook. f."Fl.
Tasm. i. 11.

Victoria. Humid forest-ranges from Mount Disappointment and the Dandenong
mouutains to the Australian Alps, asccndiug to at least 5000 ft., F. MueJler.

Tasmania. R. Brown ; abuudant in many parts of the island, from the level of the
sea to the height of 4000 ft. on the mouutaius, /. D. Hooker.

2. D. dipetala, F. Muell. Tl. Vict. i. 21. A tall shrub. Leaves ob-
long-Lanceolate or rarely oval-oblong, acute or acnminate, usually 3 to 5 in.
long, narrowed towards the base, l)ut all (except sometimes a few of the
smaller leaves of lateral shoots) abruptly obtuse or minutely biauriculate at
the very base, on an exceedingly short broad petiole, or almost sessile. Pe-
duncles longer than in D. aromatica, and flowers rather larger. Sepals and
petals nsually 2 each. Carpels often 2 or 3, but one only usually enlarges.
Stigma short or linear, more or less unilateral. Ben\v ovoid, fully \m. long,
and more succulent than in B. aromatica. — Tasmaimia insipida, E. Br. in DC.
Syst. Yeg. i. 445 ; T. dipetala, E. Br. ms. ex DC. Prod. i. 78 ; T. monticola,
A. Eich. Sert. Astrolab. 50, t. 19.

W. S. Wales. Port Jackson, Browti ; and in the interior, extending northward to
^lount Lindsay, IF. IliU ; and Clarence and Hastiugs rivers, Beckler ; sonthward to
Illawarra, A. CHnninfjham, Macurthur, who crives it as the Pepper shrttb of the coiouists.
VOL. I. E

50 IV. ANONACE/T..

Order IV. ANONACE^.

Sepals usually 3, distinct, ov more or less uuitcd in a 3-lobed or 3-tootlied
calyx (iu Eiipomalia united in one mass with the petals). Pctals usually G,
liypog-yiious, in 3 rows, 3 outer oues alternatiug with the sepals, 3 iuner oues
alteruatiug with the outcr, sonictimes all uuited in a riug at the base, those
of eaeh roiv valvate or imbricatc in the bud. Stamcus iudefinite, usually
very numerous, closely packed on the thickened torus, rouud or under the
carpels, bnear or wedge-shaped, with 3 adiiate auther-cells on the back or
cdges, ofteu couccaled by the more or k^ss dihited summit of the connectivura.
Gynoceium of several, often very many earpels, distinct (cxcept iu Enpomaiia),
closely packed on tlie centre of the torus, t^rmiuating each in a capitate stiguia,
or in a thick oblong or rarely more slender stylc, stigmatie on the top or iiuier
side. Ovules in each carpel either 1 or 3, ascending from the base , or 3 or
morc attached to the inner augle of the cavity, anatropous. Fruit either of
several distinet carpels sessile or stalked, indehiscent and fleshy or pulpy,
sometimes opening aloug the inner edge, or the carpels more or less unitcd
in a singk mass. Secds with or without an ariUus. Albunien copious,
always rumiuate. Enibryo very small, near the hihun. — Trecs, shrubs, or
woody clindjers. Leaves alternate, simple, aud quite entire, Avithout stipules.
Fowers sessile, or on 1-floweied pedieels, solitary, or few togcther, terminal,
lateral, or axillary, usually of a greenish-yellow or puqile colour.

A large Ordcr, widely distributcd ovcr tlic Ncw World as wcll as tlic Old, but chictly con-
fined to thc tropics. Of thc 6 Ausiralian gcnera, 5 are inorc numcrously representcd iu tro-
pical Asia or Africa, the sixth is endcmic. Nonc are American.

Petals 6, neai'ly cqual.
Petals sprcadiug.

Petals broad, imbricatc in thc bud. Ovulcs or secds several in

each carpcl 1. Uvaria.

Petals narrow, valvate in the vcry youug bud, but soon sprcading.

Ovulcs 1 or 2, erect in cach carpel 2. Poi.yai.thia.

Pctals coueave, not spreading, valvate.

Ovuk's ] iu each carpel, crcct. (Flowers 3 to 4 lincs diametcr) . 3. PorowiA,
Ovulcs sevcral in cach carjicl. (Mowers about G lincs diaineter) 4. Mklodorum.
Pctals, 3 outcr like thc sepals, 3 iuuer krgc, crect, vcry concavc . . 5. Saccoi'ETAUIm.
Pctals and sepals uuited in a couical luass, which ialls otf cntire . . 6. Eupomatia.

1. TJVARIA, Linn.

Sepals broad. Pctals 6, imbricate in the bud iu each row, spreading.
Stameus uumerous and closely packed, rather flat, the couneetive ])roduced
iuto a sliortly ovoid, or truncate appendage, (^oueealing the cells iu the normal
speeies. Receptacle sbghtly raised. Caiiiels numerous, witli a sliort trun-
cate style, and several ovules iu 3 rows along the inner angle. Berries dis-
tinet, sessile, or stalked, usually Avith several sceds. — Stems cbmbiug or trail-
ing. Flowers usually rather large, leaf-opposed or axillary.

A considcrable genns, chiefly Asiatic, witli a few Africau spccics. The following Auslra-
liau oiics are both endcinic, and one of thcin a doubtful congcncr.

Pctals aU broad. Antliers dilatcd at the top, conccaling tlie lateral cells 1. U, membranacea.

Vvaria.l i"^- anonacejE. 51

Inner pctals narrow. Anthers shortly dilatcil at the top, showing the

dorsal parallcl cells 2. Z7. Jieteropctala.

1. XJ. membranacea, Bentli. A long woody trailer, quitc glabvous,
except a slight tomentum on tlie petioles and buds. Leaves on sliort stalks,
oval-oblong, obtuse, or with a very short, broad point, 5 to 6 in. long, 3 to
3^ in. broad, oblique, and somewliat cordate at the base, thin and membranous,
with distant primary veins branching into the reticulate smallcr venation.
Flowers Lirge, solitary, on peduncles of about \ in, Petals obovate, very
ol)tuse, fully 1 in. long, narrowed, and slightly united at the base. Connective
truncate and dilated above the anther-cells. Carpels very numerous, but not
seen in fruit.

N. Australia. Scrub at Cape York, M'GUlivray.

2. U. (?) heteropetala, T. Muell. Fracjm. iii. 1. A scrubby shrub of 8
to 10 ft., the young branches densely pubescent. Leaves on very short
petioles, broadly ovate, obtiise, or shortly acuminate, 2 to 4 in. long, not
coriaceous, glabrous above, loosely pubescent underneath. Flowers dark
purple, solitary, on very short recurved terminal or Lateral pcdicels. Sepals
ovate-lanceokte, villous, 3 to 4 lines long. Petals irnbricate in each series,
the outer ones broadly ovate, attaining at least 7 lines, and probably longer
when full grown, silky-villous ontside, glabrous inside, the inner ones nar-
rower and perhaps longer. Stamens numcrous, the short triauguhar terminal
appendage not dihated, showing the rather large dorsal parallel cells. Carpels
numerous, densely hirsute ; stigma small. Ovules 6 to 8 in each carpel, in
2 series. Pruit unknown.

Queensland. Port Denison, Fitzalan. This plant diffcrs from JJvaria in thc stamcns,
which arc those of Saccopetalum. The habit and tbliage are also more tliose of the latter
genus than of Uvaria, but the petals certainly appear to be imbricate iu each row, and the
outer ones are much more dcveloped than is usual in Saccopetalum. The flowcrs in the
specimcns seen are however still young, and insuflScient for fixing the precise altinities of
the species.

2. POLYALTHIA, Blume.

Sepals broad. Petals 6, valvate in the very young bud, in two rows, but
spreading or opcn long before they have attained their fuU size, nearly equal
and flat, usually narrow. Stamens numerous, narrow-wedge-shaped, the con-
nective flattened at the top, concealing the cells. Torus slightly raised.
Carpels several, with a short, oblong, or capitate style, and 1 or 2 erect ovules.
Berries stalked, globular or ovoid. — Trees or shrubs. Flowers solitary or
clustered, axillary or leaf-opposed.

A considerablc genus, chiefly Asiatic, with one African species. The following Australian
one extends to New Caledonia.

1. P. mtidissima, BentJi. A tree of 15 to 50 or 60 ft., glabrous in
all its parts. Leaves elliptical, or the upper ones almost lanceolate, obtuse
or obtuscly acuminate, 2 to 3 in. long, narrowed into a petiole varying from
2 to 5 lines, smooth and shining, the veins fine and reticulate, but not
numerous. Peduncles solitary, axillary, 3 to 6 lines long, or more when in
fniit, with 2 or 3 small ])racts near the'base. Sepals short and broad. Petals
linear, rather thick, 5 or G lines long when fully out, but spreading veiy early,

E 2

52 IV. ANONACE.E. [Polyalthih.

Stainens very short, and dosely packed. Carpels 10 to 20 in the tlower,
niurh fcwer in the fruit, and then globular or shortly ovoid, 1-secded, sliortly
stalked. — Unona nitidmima, Dun. Anon. 109, t. 23 ; Unona fulgens, Labill.
Sert. Austr. Caled. 57, t. 56 ; Unona nitens, F. Muell. Fragm. iii. 2.

Queensland. lu brushes on islands in Moreton Bay, A. Cimnwgham ; Port Denison,

TUzalaii. Also fouiul in New Calcdouia.

In sonie speciuieus tlie torus, after tlowerinEr, bccomes thick aud woody, endosina; scveral
cavities, probably a dcformity occasioucJ by the puucture of souie iuscct. Labillardiere de-
scribes aud ligurcs the carpcls as having sevcral ovulcs, but tliis is a uiistake ; his owu
specimeus, quite similar to the Australian ones, have but one crect ovule iu each.

3. POPOWIA, Endl.

Sepals ovate. Petals 6, valvate in the bud in 2 rows, short, broad, con-
cave, those of thc 2 rows nearly cqual, but tlie outer ones rather more open.
Stamens numerous, closely packed, wedge-shaped, the conuective iiattcned at
the top, concealing the cells. Torus but little raised. Carpels indetinite
(sometimes few), with a short obovate or capitate style and 1 or 2 ercct
ovules. Berries stalked, globidar or ovoid. — Trees or slirubs. Flowers small,
axilhary or leaf-opposcd, on sliort pcdicels.

A suiall genus, scattcrcd over tropical Africa aud Asia, with oue species cndemic iu Austra-
lia. As a geuus it is scarcely sufficicntly distinct from Poli/althia.

]. P. australis, Z-V;////. Probably a slirub. Leaves ovate-lanceolate or
oblong, 3 to 5 in. long, obtuse, rounded at the base with a veiy short broad
petiole, glabrous on both sidcs, the primary veins prominent underneath.
Pediccls soUtary or 2 or 3 together in the axils of the older leaves, longer
than in most species of the genus, attaining near 1 in. Expanded flowers 3
or 4 lines diameter. Petals broadly ovate, rather thick, pnbesccnt and
strictly valvate iu each row. Carpels niunerous, hairy. Ovule solitaiy, ercct.

N. Australia. Barrow Bay, Port Essington, Armsirong.

4. MELODORUM, Diin.

Sepals small, united at the base. Petals 6, valvate in the bud in 2 rows,
the oiuer ones broad, thick, concave, coiniivent or scarcely open, the iinier
ones smaller. Stamens numerous, the conncctive ovate or truncate, conceal-
ing the cells. Toiiis convex or conical. Carpels several, with an oblong
thick style and 2 or more ovules in each, attached to tlie inner angle. Berries
distinct, sessile or stalked. — Stems woody, tisuaUy climbing. Piimary veins
of the leaves prominent underneath. Flowers terminal or leaf-opposed.

The genns comprises several specics dispersed over tropical Asia and thc ludian Arcliipc-
lago, the Australian one endeuiic.

1. M. Leichhardtii, Benth. A shrnb or tree, witli flexuose (or somewhat
cUmbing ?) branches, the yoimger ones slightly rusty-tomentose. Leaves much
Uke those of J/. elcyans, Plook. f. and Tlioms., Init with very much sliortcr peti-
oles, oblong, obtusc or obtuscly aeuminate, about 3 in. long, coriaccous, glabrotis
aitd shiniug, sprinklcd on thc luulcr side with a few minute, ahnost microscopic,
fringed scales or stellate hairs, the veins mnch less prominent than in most

31eluduruw .] iv. anonace.e. 53

species. Peduucles |- to f iu. long, rusty-tomeutose. Flowers ucarly ^ iu.
iu diauieter. Sepals 3 liues loug, spreadiug. Outer petals about 6 liues,
sliglitly touieutose, very obtuse, coucave aud couuiveut, iuuer oues tliicker
aud ratlier shorter. Staraeus very numerous. Berries stipitate, eitlier de-
pressed-globose, 4 or 5 lines diameter aud 1-seeded, or somewbat obloug,
2-seeded with a slight trausverse furrow betweeu the seeds, or mouilitbrm,
cousistiug of 3 depressed-globose 1-seeded or obloug 2-secded portious. —
Uiiona Ldchkardiii, F. Muell. Fragm. iii. 41.

Queenslaud. Wide Bay, BidioiU ; Mouiit Torampa aud woods at ^rCouneirs Bnisli,
Leichliitrdl ; uear Tpswich, /. Yernet ; Rockhamptou, Thozet ; Brisbaue rivcr, A. Cnn-
niiif/haiii, F. Miiellcr.

N. S. Wales. Clarenee river, Beckler.

5. SACCOPETALUM, Beuth.

Sepals small. Petals 6, valvate in 2 rows,the outer oues small aud resembliug
the sepals, the iuuer large, erect, and very concave Stameus uumerous but
loosely imbricate, showiug the auther-cells ou their back just below the short
tips. Toms uearly globular. Carpels several, with au ovoid or obloug thick
style, and 6 or more ovules in each attached to the iuuer augle. Berrics
giobular. — Trees or shrubs, with deciduous leaves. Flowers usually appear-
iug ou the youug shoots before or with tbe young leaves.

A small genus, dispersed over India and the Archipelago ; the Australian species endemic.

1. S. Bidwilli, Benth. Apparently a shrub, with rather weak branches,
densely hirsute with short rusty hairs. Leaves very sliortly stalked, obloug
or obovate-oblong, obtuse or very shortly acuminate, 3 to 4 iu. loug, rouuded
at tlie base, glabrous above, hairy nuderueath. Plowers lateral, solitary or 2
together, ou very short pediccls. Sepals thiu, lauceolate, hairy, about 2 liues
loug. Outer petals similar, but twice as loug. Inner petals wlien fully de-
veloped l^ in. long, uot saccate at the base only, as in most other species of
the geuus, but boUowed into a broad boat-shape all the way up, with the
upper end turned iuwards, thiu, and very hairy both iuside aud out. Stameus
numerous, the authei'-ceLIs contiguous and conspicuous, termiuatcd by the
small flat tip of the connectivum. Carpels very hairy iu the flower, wheu
ripe ucarly sessile, oblong, 6 to 8 lines loug, thick aud hard, coveretl with
rusty hairs, coutaiuiug 3 to 6 flattened seeds.

Queenslaud. Wide Bay, Bidwill.

6. EUPOMATIA, E. Br.

Sepals and petals completely consolidated into one mass, the nppcr part
falliug oft' iu a couical lid, leaviug the lower campauulate tube (or enlarged
peduncle) tilled with the thick flat-topped torus. Stameus inserted ou the
margiu of the torus, the iuner ones iu many rows, converted iuto petal-Iike
obovate starainodia, the outer ones iu fewer rows, perfect, linear-lanceolate,
curved, with acuminate tips aud longitudiual dorsal anther-cells. Carpels
many, immersed iu the torus, appearing like the cells of a single iufcrior
ovary, the stigmas aduate on the flat areolate surface ; ovules several iu each
carpel or cell. Fruit several-celled, formed of the enlarged periauth-tube
more or less enclosing the carpels, becoming tiu'biuate or urceolatc aud suc-

54 IV. ANONACE^. [Eupomaiia.

ciilcnt. Secds 1 or 2 iu eacli cell, iiTegularly augular ; albumcu ruminate,
autl embryo prcciscly as iu the more uormal Aiionacea. — Shrubs or luider-
shrubs, quitc glabrous. Leaves alternate, eutii-e, shortly petiolate. Pedun-
cles short, 1-flowered, termiual or hiteral.
The geuus is confiued to Australia.

Pctiolcs shortly decurrent. Flowers terminal. Outer staminodia spread-

iuo; and longer than the stamens. Fruit turhinate 1 . jE'. BenneUii.

Petiolcs not decurreiit. Flowers lateral. Stamiuodia all counivent,

shorter thau the stameus. Fruit ui-ccolate %. E. laurina.

1. E. Bennettii, E. Muell. Fragm. i.45. A shrub or undershmb, 1 to

2 ft. high and c[uite ghibrous. Leaves obloug-lauceohite, acumiuate or acute,

3 to 5 iu. long, narrowed at the base iuto a short petiole, which is again cn-
larged at the base aud shortly decuiTcnt on the stem, leaving oblique raised
liues when they fall off. llowers solitary, termiual, ou a short peduncle
above the last leaf, when fully cxpanded rather more than 1 in. diameter.
retal-like staminodia very niunerous, yellow, tlie outer oncs staincd with
orange or blood-red, beset with stipitatc ghmds aud bordercd with steUate
hairs spreading aud completely conccahng the perfect stamcus, which are re-
flexed ou thc peduncle, the iuuer stamiuodia shorter aud connivcut. Fruit turbi-
natc, about |- in. diameter, the pericarp thin, the top convex, witli thc tips of
the car})els distinctly prondnent, the base of tlie periauth scarcely projcctiug as
a slight riiig round the edge. — E. laurina, Hook. in Bot. Mag. t. 4848.

Queensland. Brisbane river, Herb. Mneller.

2. E. laurina, 7^. Br. in Flind. Voy. ii. 597, t. 2. An crect gla-
brous shrub with weak brauchcs. Leaves evergrecu, oblong or almost cl-
liptical, shortly acuminatc, 3, 4, or somctimcs 5 in. long, narrowed into a
sliort pctiolc which is not decurrcnt ou the brauch. Flowers solitary, ou
short hitcral or ncarly axiUary peduucles, thc buds at first oblong, becoming
ucarly globidar and about \ in. diameter before opening ; when thc bud has
fallcu tlie stameus cxpaud to about 1 in. diameter. Petal-likc staminodia
couniveut or thc outcr oues scarcely open, glabrous or Avith a very few stipi-
tatc ghnids ; perfect stamens longer, erect or sprcading, the linear anthers
tippcd by a short finc poiut, the filaments dilated. Pruit urceohxte-globidar,
ncarly f in. diameter, the persistent base of the perianth forming a narrow
rim projcctiug above thc ncarly flat top. — F. Mitell. Fragm. i. 45.

Queensland. Hrisbauc liver, F. Mneller ; Piue river, Fitzalan.

N. S. 'Wales. AVouds aiid thickcts iu tlie eolony of Port Jacksou, cspceially in Ihc
mouiitaiiious di.stncts, aud ou the banks of thc priucipal rivcrs, R. Bidioi, aiul apparciitly
aloiig thc wholc coast tVom Clarcucc rivcr, Beckler, to Twofold 13ay, F. Mueller.

Order V. MENISPERMACE^.

"Flowers dia^cious. Sepals usually (i in 2 scrics, rarcly 9 or 12 in 3 or 4
serics, or very rarely 5 or fewcr, imbricate or very rarely valvatc iu each series,
tlu! inncr oncs the hn'gcst. Petals usually 6, smaller than the scpals (except
in Sarcopctalim), ncarly cqual but imbricate iu 2 series in the bud, rarely
fcwer or uone. Malc 11. : Stameus usually 6, free and opposite the petals,
or uuited in a ccntral cokaun, rarely 9 or niore or ouly 3. Eemale fl. : Sta-

V. MENlSPERMACE.i:. 55

ininodia usually 6, free. Carpels distinct, usually 3, sometimes G or more or
ouly 1, containing 1 or very rarely 2 amphitropous ovides peltatcly attaclied
to tlie inuer angle. Style termiual, usually recurved, aud often expaudiug into a
short sessile stigma. Fruit-carpels drupaccous, nearly sti-aight, or more fre-
(piently curved, so that tlie remains of the style are near tlie base, the puta-
meu theu becoming more or less horseshoe-shaped, with an inner projectiou of
the endocarp bearing tlie placeutfe. Seed taking the shape of the cavity, with
a thin membrauous testa. Albumen soinetimes ileshy, entire or ruminate,
sometimes thin or none. Embryo nearly as long as tlie albumcu or occnpy-
ing the whole sced, the radicle pointiug to the remains of the style. — Climbers,
usually woody, or in a very few nou-Australian species erect herbs or shrubs.
Leaves alternate, without stipules, eutire or varely pahnately lobed, usually
with 3 or more palmate ribs at the base. Flowers small, in axillary pauicles,
raceraes, or cymes.

A coiisiderable tropical Order, both iu the Nevv ancl the Old World, a very few species
exLeiiding iuto more temperate regious in North America, eastern Asia, or southcrn Africa,
Of the 7 Austrahan gcnera 3 are eudcniic, the others Asiatic or African.

Scpals imbricate. Petals 6. Stamens 6, free. Carpels 3.
Flowers in siraple racemes.

Inucr sepals broad and thin. Carpels of the fruit ovoid, thc

style at the top. Seed albuminous, nearly straight .... 1. Tinosi>oka.
Inner sepals uarrow-ovate. Carpels of the fruit broad, the style

near the base. Sced vvithout albumen 5. Pachygone.

Flovvers iu niuch-branched cymes. Carpels of the fruit broad, thc

style uear the base. Seed albuminous 2. Peuicampylus.

Sepals imbricate or opcn. Petals usually 3 to 5. Stamens united in
a ceutral colunin. Carpels broad, the style near the base. Sced
albuminous.
Sepals very small. Petals thick and fleshy, ahiiost globular. An-

thers 2 or 3. Carpels 3 to 6. Flovvers raccmose 3. Sarcopetalum.

Petals smaller than thc sepals, concave. Anthers 4 or 5. Carpels

solitary. Flovvers umbellate 4. Stephania,

Inuer sepals valvate. Petals 6. Stamens 3, Carpels about 6, vvhen

in fruit broad, the style uear the base. No albitmen 6. PLEOGyNE.

Pctals imbricate. Pctals 3. Stamens 9 to 12. Carpels 3, 2-ovidate 7. Adeliopsis.

1. TINOSPORA, Miers.

Sepals 6, in 2 series, the inner ones large. Petals 6, smaller than the se-
pals, nearly tiat. Male fl. : Stamens 6, free, thickened towards the top, the
anther-cells lateral. Female fl. : Staminodia 6. Carpels 3, stigmas jagged.
Dnipes ovoid, the remains of the style nearly terminal. Putamen slightly
concave on the inner face, the iuternal projection hemispherical aud hollow,
forming au einpty cell. Seed disk-shaped, albuiniuous. Cotykdous ovate,
spreading laterally. — Leaves cordate or truncate at the base. Plowers usually
clustered in long siinple racemes.

A small genus, chiefjy Asiatic, but extending also to tropical Africa. The Australian
species endemic.

Leaves ovate-cordate, entire 1. T. smilacinu.

Leavcs broad, obtusely 3-lobcd, rauch veined . . 2. T. Walcuttii.

1. T. smilacina, Benlh. in Juuni. Lhm. Soc. v. Suj)pl. 52. A. glabrous

56 V. MENISPERMACE^E. [Tinospora.

twiner, tlic branclics somcwliat succulent. Leaves ovate, dceply and broadly
cordate at the basc, or abnost hastate with ronnded auricles, obtuse or scarcely
acurainate, 3 or 4 in. long, 5-nerved, the smaller pinnate veins scarcely pro-
mincnt, on petioles of about 1 in. Flowers green, the male racemes 2 or 3
in., the females about 1 in. long; pedicels about 1 line. Sepals, 3 outer
ones veiy small and trianguLir, 3 inner ones about 1 line long, ovate, thin,
spreading. Petals about half as long as the inner sepals, obovate. Anthcrs
terniinal, ovoid, ahnost globular, the cells almost parallcl. Drupes oblong,
about 3 lines long.

N. Australia. Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Broicn ; common in niauy parts
of Arnheui's Land and thence to the Burdekin, F. Miieller. — Nearly alhed to the Asiatic
T. crispa, but the leaves are rathcr diflferently shapcd and the fruits much smaller.

3. T, Walcottii, T. Muell. Herb. Of this I have only secn fragments
of a fruiting specimen witli the drupes not (piite ripe, but sufficiently so to
show the peculiar form of Tuiospora, with thc somewliat succulent branches
and with the racemes of T. smilacina, but the lcaves appcar to be as broad as
long, obscurely 3-lobed, cuncate and not cordate at the base, of a thinly co-
riaceous texturc, with prominent reticidate veins.

N. Australia. Nichol Bay, Walcott.

2. PERICAMPYLUS, Miers.

Sepals 6 in 2 series, thc inner ones larger. Petals G, smallcr tlian tlie
sepals, the edges enibracing the stamens. Male fl. : Stamcns 6, frce, thc an-
thcr-ccUs lateral. Pemale ii. : Staminodia 6. Carpels 3, thc stylcs 2-ch'ft.
Driipes globuhir, soinewhat flattened, the remains of the stylc near thc base.
1'utamcn horseshoe-shaped, crested on the Imck, the sides concave. Seed
horseshoe-shaped. Embryo in the axis of tlie albumen, with uarrow cotyledons
closed against each other. — Leaves broad. Cymes dichotomously branched.

Thc geuus is limitcd to thc foUowing specics.

1. P. incanus, Miers ; Ilook. and TJtoms. Fl. Ind. i. 194. Achenium
\\\{\\ ih(> youngcr branchcs shortly tomentose or at length ghibrous. Leaves
nearly orbicuhu-, sonietimes slightly peltate, 2 to 4 in. or somctimes above 5 in.
diametcr, ghibrous above, usnally hoary underneath, on petioles of 1 to 2 in.
riowers vcry small, in axillary dichotomous cymes, shorter tlian ihe hmves. Se-
pals hairy on tlie back. Drupes rcd. — Coccidus Moorei, F. Mucll. Eragm.i. 162.

Queensland. AVoody vallcys, Morctou 15ay and Wide Bay, C.Moore, W.HUl, F.Miieller.

N. S. 'Wales. R. Broicn ; lllawarra, Port Macquarie, Pooral oii the Karuak rivcr, and
Port Slcphcns, Backhoiise. — Commou iu eastera ludia aud thc Malayau Archipelago, cx-
tcudiug uorthward to S. Chiua.

3. SARCOPETALUM, F. MuelL

Sepals 2 to 5, small. Petals 3 to 6, tliickly fleshy, nearly globidar. Male
fl. : Stamens \uiited in a cohnnn, divided at the top inio 2 or 3 short horizon-
tal lobes, eacli bearing a 2-cellc(l anthcr. Feniale fl. : Carpels 3 to 6, with
recurved lobed stigmas. Drupcs flattened, the remains of the style near thc
base. Putamen horseshoe-shapcd, the sides concavc. Sced horseshoc-shaped.

Sarcopefal/iii/.] v. menispurmace.e, 57

Embryo curved, liiiear, iu ratber copiotis albumen ; cotyledons closed. — lla-
cemes simple.

The geuus is liniited to thc following spccics.

1. S. Harveyanum, F. Muell. Pl. Fict. i. 27 and22\, t. mppl. 3. A
tall woody climber, witb tliick terete steras. Leaves broadly ovate or orbicvi-
lar, acuminate or rarely obtuse, and sometimes ang-ular or lobed, attaining 4
to 6 in. in breadth, deeply cordate at tbe base or sometimes slightly peltate,
7- to 9-nerved, quite gUibrous, on a petiole of 1 to 3 in. Racemes simple,
axiHary or mostly lateral below the leaves, solitary or clustered, 1 to 3 in.
long. Bracts small. Pedicels about 1 line long. Flowers reddish-yellow,
scarcely 2 Hnes diameter, the sepals usually shorter than the thick almost
gland-like petals. Drupes 3 or 4 bnes diameter, alniost pear-shaped.

Queensland. ^loreton Bay, W. Ilill.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson to the BUie IMountains, R. Brown and othcrs ; southward
of the colouy, A. C//nnvngham, to Twofold Bay, F. Mudler.

Victoria. Forests near the niouth of Sno:^'y river, T. M//eUer.

4. STEPHANIA, Lour.

(Clypea, Bliime.)

Male fl. : Sepals 6, 8, or 10, in 2 series. Petals 3, 4, or 5, shorter than
the sepals, obovate. Staraens united in a cobnnn bearing a flat disk, with
the sessile anthers confluent into a single ring round the margin. Female fl. :
Sepals 3, 4, or 5. Petals as many. Carpel 1, with a divided stigma. Drape
compressed, the scar of the style not far from the basc. Putaraen horseshoe-
shnpcd, with an open concavity on each side. Seed curved, witli little albu-
men. Embryo Knear, witli closed cotyledons. — Leaves mostly peltate. Flowers
in simple or compound umbels.

A small genus, extendiug over tropical or subtropical Africa and Asia. The Australian
species common over thc vvhole range.

1. S. hernandisefolia, JFalp. ; HooJc. and TJmns. FI. Tnd. i. 196. A
glabrous or morc or kss pubescent climljer. Leaves broadly ovate, orbicular,
or nearly triangular, usually more or less peltate at the base, the larger ones
3 or 4 in. long, on a petiole of 2 or 3 in., but often much smaller, glabrous
or pubescent underneath. Peduncles axillary, shorter than or rather longer
than tlie petioles, bearing an umbel of about 5 rays, each ray terminatcd by
a head or partial uuibel of 8 to 12 sraall sessile or shortly pedicelhitc flowcrs,
or the partial umbel again corapound. — F. Muell. Pl. Yict. i. 220; Clypea
Jiernandifolla, W. and Arn. Prod. i. 14 ; Wight, Ic. t. 939.

N. Australia. N. coast, U. Broion ; rocky declivities aud cataracts of Fitzroy and
Stokes' Kan-e, F. M/udler.

Queensland. Keppel Bay, R. Broivn ; tropical districts, A. CunningJiam ; Moreton
Bay, Taylor's Kange, and Burnett river, F. Mi/eller.

N. S. 'Wales. Near Sydney, American Exploring E.rpedition, Ilarvey, and othrrs ,
northward to Clarence river, Beckler, and southwaixl to lllawara and Tuofold Bay, F.
MueUer, but rare in tlie latter locality.

Victoria. Forest gleus, S. E. extrcmity of Gipps' Land, F. MueUer.

The glabrous fonn, S. a//stralis, Alicrs ; A. Gray, in Bot. U. S. Expl. Exped. i. 38, and
thc pubesceut one, <S. Gaudicliaudi, A. Gray, in Bot. U. S, Expl. Exped. i. 37, have beea

58 V. MENisPEiiMACE.E. [Slep/iania.

distingiushed as specics: but thcy ahnost ulways grow togethcr, and pass gradually froni thc
one to thc othcr.

Thc spccies extends from castern Africa almost all ovcr ludiu and thc Archipclago, and
iiorthward to Chiua.

5. PACHYGONE, Miers.

Sepals 6 or 9, iii 2 or 3 series, tlie inuer ones larger, imbricate. Petals 6,
sliorter tlian tlie sepals, erabracing tlie stamens jit the base. Male fl. : Sta-
mens 6, frcc, incurved at tlie top, anthers small, globose-didymous. Femalc
fl. : Staminodia 6. Carpels 3, with thick horizontal stigmas. Drupes reni-
form, the scar of the style near the base ; piitamen slightly excavated, with an
internal proccss. Seed horscshoe-shaped, without albumen, cotyledons semi-
terete, abnost horny, the radicle very short.— Leaves ovate. Flowers iu ra-
cemes, the niales clustered aloug the rhachis, the females solitary.

Besides thc Australiau spccies, which is eudemic, the geuus comprises oue from tropical
Asia, which aloue has fm'nished so much of the abovc character as relates to the fcmale
flower aud fruit.

1. P.(?) pubescens, Benth. A woody cbmber, the young branches
])ubescent. Leaves petiolate, broadly ovate, shortly acuminate or rarely ob-
tuse, 3 to 4 in. long, 5-nerved at the base, coriaceous, glabrous and shiniug
or sUghtly scabrous above, pubescent underneath. Male racemes axillary,
ofteu 2 or 3 togcther, many-flowered but much shortcr than the leavcs, pubcs-
ccnt. Pedicels chistercd, about 1 liue long. Flowers ghibrous, scarcely morc
than 1 Hne diameter vvhen open. Sepals 9, in 3 series, the outer ones small
and lanceolate, the next louger, the innermost still larger, narrow-ovatc.
Petals about half as long as the inner sepals. Stamens 6 ; autliers globose-
ilidymous, ahnost 4-lobed. Female flowers and fruit unkuown.

Queensland. Quail Islaud, Flood (F. Mueller'). In the .absence of the female flowcrs
aud fruit, the gcuus of this plaut cauuot be fixed with certaiuty. The form and venatiou of
the leaves, thc iulioresceuce aud gencral structurc of the niaie llowers, are so ncarly thosc
of the E. ludiau Paclii/f/one ovain, that I might huvc takcu it for a largc-lcavtd, iiiore pubes-
cent variety of that spccics, but for the preseuce of a tliird outer serics of suiall sc|)als wiiieh
are not iu P. ovata ; the iuucr scpals are ulso narrowcr thau iii liuit specics, aud uot ciliute.
I havc ouly bccu ablc to cxamiue 2 Uowcrs ; the persistcnt pedicels wcre very uumcrous, but
ahuost every fiower had ah-eady fallcu from thc only two specimeus I have sceu.

6. PLEOG-YNE, Miers.
(Microclisia, Beiith.)
Outer sepals about 6, very small, 3 inner ones much larger, valvate in tho
bud, connivcnt at thc base and recurved at the top wdien open. Petals 6,
much sliortcr, the nuu-gius dilated and invohite. Male fl. : Stamens 3 ; flla-
ments linear-tcrctc ; antliers suudl, globosc-didymous. Femalc fl. with 6
carpcls {Miers). Drujjes 3 to 6, rcniform, with "the scar of the style lat(;ral,
tlie putameu not excavated on the sides, nor with any iutcrnal process. Secd
reniform, witliout albumen ; cotyledous thick and fleshy, scarccly separable ;
radicle scarcely distinct. — Flowers in short axillary branching panicles.

Thc genus is limitcd to a single spccics. Micrs had origiually charactcrizcd it vcry
shorliy from fcmule specitocus only, aud I failcd to rccognizc it iu tlie malc specimcus I
posscssed with others iu fruit, whieh (.lid not show thc iucreased uumber of carpels meu-

Pleo(/yne.'\ v. menispermacEjE. 59

tioued by Miers. I was thcrefore induced to publish it as uew uudcr the name olMicroclisia.
The further more perfect fruiting specimeus I have since seen have enablcd me to idcutify
it with a very impei'fect fraguieut uamed by Miers in A. Cunuiugham's herbarium. The
genus is distinguislied froni all, except the African Triclisia, by the remarkably valvate
inner sepals.

1. P. australis, Benth, A climber, with a soft pubescence like tbat of
Pericampylus, soinetimes very copious, sometimes quite disappeariug from the
upper surface of the leaves. Leaves from ovate to oblong, obtuse or scarcely
acute, the larger ones 3 to 4- in. loug, rounded but not cordate at the base, at
length rather coriaceous and shining above, reticulately penninerved. Male
cymes or single flowers in little axiUary solitary or chistered panicles, seldom
above 1 in. long, and softly pubescent. Inner sepals about 1 Une long, the
outer ones very minute. Female inflorescence probably more simple. Drupes
about 5 lines broad, glabrous, Avith a very thin endocarp. — Jllcrocllsia, Beuth.
iuBentli. and Hook. Gen. PL part i. Addend. 435.

Queeusland. Keppel Bay, H. Brown ; IMoreton Bay, A . Cunningham, F. Mueller ;
Fitzroy river, F. Mueller.

7. ADELIOPSIS, Benth.

Sepals 6, in 2 rows, the inner ones considerably Larger, and 2 or 3 outer
smaller bracts, all much imbricate in each row. Petals 3, smaller than the
inncr sepals, broad and slightly concave. Male fl. : Stamens 9 to 12 ; fila-
ments huear-terete ; anthers smaU, globose-didymous. Pemale fl. : Stami-
nodia wanting. Carpels 3, with a krge, recurved, broad aud thick stigma,
and 2 ovides in each carpel, inserted one above the othcr on the inuer augle.
Eruit unknown. — Plowers chistei'ed in short axiUary spikes.

The geuus cousists of a siugle species, which has the habit, imbricate sepals, and the
gcueral form of the stamens and carpels of Fachyyone, to which I shoukl have referred it,
but for the petals reduced iu number aud uot involute, the iucreased uumber of stameus
iu the males aud their eutire deficiency iu the females, aud for the 2 ovules in each carpel.
The latter characfer appears constant, as far as I have been ablc to ascci-taiu, and does not
exist to my knowledge iu any other Meuispermaceous plauts. The fruit being unknown,
the tribe to which the genus must be referred canuot as yet be fixed ; but it will stand either
next to Cocculus amongst Cocculece, or more probably near Pachjyoue iu Fachygonece.

1. A. decumbens, Benth. Branches rather thick, leafy, densely clothed
with a soft vclvety tomentum or ahnost hirsute, and from the nanie given,
probably decumbeut and not cUmbing. Leaves ovate or oval-oblong, l^ to
2 in. long, very obtuse, rounded at the base, thickly coriaceous, softly tomen-
tose or velvety on both sides when young, becoming nearly glabrous above
when ohl, thc thickened revohite nerve-Uke margin terminating at the top of
the midrib on the under side in a prominent hirsute gland or tuft of hairs.
Flowers smaU, in Uttle chisters along the rhachis of short axiUary spikes, scl-
dom above \ in. long, the outer bracts veiy smaU, acute, aud hairy, thc outer
sepals also hairy, but rather larger and more obtuse, the iuner sepals much
largcr, orbicuhir, and glabrous, except the ciUate edge, the petals about -1 as
large as the inner sepals and quite glabrous.

Queensland. N. E. coast, near Cape Fear (Fair Cape ?), R. Brown, dcscribed in his
notes (without meutiou of the ovules) uudcr thc namc of Adelioides decumhen^, but, as in
mauy othcr cascs, thc lcrui Adeloides was evidcntly iutendcd as a memoranduni, not as a
geueric uame, Ibr which it is unsuited {Ilb. R. Br.).

60 VI. NYMPII.EACEyE.

Okder VI. NYMPHiEACE^.

Sepiils 3 to 5, petals 3 ov more autl stamens 6 or move, eitlicv all fvee and
livpogynous, ov the iuuev ones ov all adnale at tlie base to tlie tovus or ovarv,
or iuserted on its suuimit. Antliers iunate or aduate, the cells opeuiug- in hiugi-
tudiual slits. Gynoecium of 3 ov move carpels, eithcr free aud distiuct, ov im-
mevsed in the tovus so as to fovra a seveval-celled ovavy. Styles ov stigmas
fi*ee or adnate on an epig-ynous disk. Ovules solitary, and suspeuded fvom the
apex of the cavity, ov indefinite and attaehed to the sides of the cavity, not to
its inuev angle. Eipe cavpels indehiscent, fvee ov united in a fleshy ov spongy
fvuit. Seeds immersed in a fleshy ov pulpous arillus, ov naked, the embvyo
either small, enclosed in the embvyo-sac and half immevsed iu a cavity of a
favinaceous all}umeu near the hilum, or without albumeu, large, with thick
fleshy cotyledons, and a remarkably develoi)cd plunnde. — Acjuatic hcrbs, witli
a submevged root or rhizome. Leaves carried by theiv loug petioles to the
suvface of the watev or vaised above it, nsually peltate ov deeply covdate,
ov a few vemaining undev watev aud deeply cut. T^^lowevs gvowing singly ou
loug vadical scapcs, ov axillavy peduncles, eitlier ou the surface of the water
or raised above it.

The OrJcr, although not iiumerous in specics, is fouud iu purc, quict, or slowly-flowing
waters nearly all over the globe. The three Australiau species bcloug to tiic Ihrce genera,
consitlcred as typical of as niany tribes or suborders, raiscd by souie botauists to the rank of
distinct Ordcrs. AU threc gcuera are common to the New and tlie Old World. Thcy arc
absent, ho\'cvcr, from the southcru Australian colonics as vvcll as from Ncw Zealaud.

Sepals and jjetals 3 each. Carpels 6 or morc, frce, on a small torus.

Ovnles fcw. Flowcrs small 1. Brasmia.

Sepals 4 to 6. Petals aud staraens uumcrous, the outcr oucs frce, the

iuncr more and more adnate to the torus. Carpels immcrsed in the

torus in a ring rouud a ceutral couical projection 2. Ni/mplicea.

Se])als 4 or 5. Petals and stameus uumerous, hypogynous. Carpcls

half immcrscd without ordcr iu the flat top of thc torus. No albumcn 3. Nclumbium.

1, BRASENIA, Schreb.

(riydropcllis, Mich.)

Sepals 3, petal-likc, and petals 3, liypogyuous. Stamens 12 to 18, hypo-
gyuous ; filameuts subulate, authev-cells lateval. Cavpels 6 to 18, free, ou a
small torus, attenuate at the top iuto shovt styles, stigmatic aloug the iunev
edge. Ovules 2 ov 3, ])eudulous from the dorsal side of the cavity. llipe
cavpels coviaceous, indehisecut. Seeds albuminous.

Tlic genus is limited to thc following specics.

1. B. peltata, Parsh. Fl. N. Amer. 389. Rhizome pvostvate at the
bottom of the water. Stems forked, leafy, covered as well as other submerged
parts, es])eeially when young, with a thick coating of transparcnt jelly. Leaves
floating on the surface of the vvater, peltately attached by theiv ceutrc to long
petioles, oval, entive, 3 to 4 in. long aud about half as bvoad. Peduncles
axillavy, beaviug solitavy flowevs of a duU puvple on the suvfaee of the watev.
Sepals and petals very uuich alike, about 4 ov 5 liues loug when they
first opeu, but leugtheniug to 7 or 8 lincs. Carpcls shorter. — A. Gvay,

Brasenia.'] vi. nymph.i^acejE. fil

Gen. 111. t. 39 ; nyclropeltis pnrpurea, Micli. ; DC. Prod. i. 112; Bot. Mag.
t. 1147.

W. Australia ? R. Brown.

Queensland. Lay;oous near jMoretoa Bay, F. JI/wHer.

Tlie spccies is abuudaut iu the waters of North America and of East India.

2. NYMPH^A, Linn.

Sepals 4, inserted uear the base of the torus. Petals uumerous, passiug
gradually from the sepals to the stamens, inserted on the torus or ovary, the
outer petals near the base, the iuuer stamens almost at the top. Pilanieuts
of the outer stameus dilated and petal-like, with smaU lateral anther-cells, of
the inner oues narrow or filiform, with louger authers opeuing iuwards. Car-
pels several, immersed iu a ring in the fleshy torus, having the appearance of
a several-celled ovary, with a conical or globular process in the ceutre. Styles
tiiick, radiating, free or united at the base, often with au incurved appeudage
beyond the stigmatic portiou. Ovides uumerous, peudulous from the sides of
tlie cavity. Fruit a spongy berry, breaking u]) iiTegularly whcu ripe. Seeds
embedded in ]ndp, arillate, albuminous. — Rhizome perennial. Leaves float-
ing, peltate or very deeply cordate. Flowers large, solitary, floating on the
surface of the water or slightly raised above it, on long radical peduncles.

Tlie most considerable genus of the Order, chiefly in the northern hemisphere or within
the tropics, but represented also in S. Africa.

1. KT. gigantea, IIoo/c. Bot. May. t. 4647. Leaves orbicular or very
broadly ovate, very deeply cordate, the basal lobes separatcd by a veiy acute
augle, or overlapping each other, or united near the petiole, renderiug the
leaf partially peltate, the principal nerves radiating from the petiole, raised
underneath, aud in the larger specimeus the whole under side covered with
raised reticulatious ; the margin entire or more frequeutly siuuate, or with
short distant teeth. Flowers blue, purple, piuk, or rarely white, the petals
and stamens usually very numerous. Filaments nearly all flliform, or many
of the outer oues flattcned, but never very broad aud always narrov.red
under the anther ; connective narrow aud scarcely projectiug beyond the cells.
Stylcs or stigmas thick, racliating, united at the base, either without any or
vvith oulv a very short termiual appendage. — F. Muell. Fragm. ii. 141 ; N.
stellata, F. Muell. 1. c. 142.

N. Australia. Lakes and marshes throughout tropical Australia, R. Brown, F. Miieller.

Queensland. Wide Bay, Bidwill; Moreton Bay, W. Hill.

N. S. "Wales. Clarence river, Beckler.

Thc spccics is apparently contincd to Australia, unless it be really a modification of the
Asiatic aud African jV. steUata, Willd., as appcars to have been the opinion of Brown. It
varies exceedingly in size. The larger specimens have the leaves about 18 iuchcs across, with
mnch-raised reticulations undcrneath, thc flowers 12 in. across, with cxccediugly numerous
petals, and above 200 stauiens ; the smallest have leaves of 5 or 6 inches, not reticulate, the
tlowers 3 or 4 in. across, and the petals aud stameus much fewer, but always more uumerous
than is usual in iV. stellata, to which F. Muelkr is disposed to refer sevcral specimeus. This
Iiidian specics may also be distiuguishcd by the connective lengthened beyoud the anther-
cclls iuto a veiT proraineut appcndage, and it appeias to me that Caspary (uotes in Ilerb.
Hooker) is right iu consideriug all the Australian specimens as forms of iV. gigantea. In
the Kew Gardens the tlowers aud leaves are very small in the early part of the seasou, and
larger and largcr oncs are developed as thc scason advances. F. Mueller also distinguishes

62 VI. NYMHiyEACE.'E. [NympJuBa.

Ihe sceds in size and shape, smaller, more ovoid, and more completcly enclosed in the arilhis
in thosc hc rcfcrs to N. steUata, than in thc truc N. (jiynntea ; hut iu the true N. stellata
the sccds are nearly globular, aud usually markcd with raiscd lougitudiiial costa;, not mcn-
tioucd by F. jMucllcr. I havc not myscU' scen the ripe sccds of Australian specimens.
The rhizome aud iruits are uscd as au arlicle of food by the aborigiues.

3. NELUMBIUM, Juss.

Scpals 4 or 5, frec. Petals and stainens numerons, liypogynous. Anthcrs
opeiiing inwards, the connectivc produced in a ehib-shaped appcndage. Car-
nels several, half-immersed in the flat top of an obeonical torus, thc styles
shortly projecting with soraewliat dilated terminal stigmas. Ovidcs 1 or 2 iu
each carpel, suspended frora tlie top of the cavity with a dorsal raphe. Nuts
nearly globular, shortly protruding from the eells of the large flat-topped toms.
Sccds with a spongy testa, without albumcn ; cotyledons thick and fleshy,
enclosing a mueh-developed plumula, radicle veiy short. — Leaves peltate,
supported abovc the water on erect petioles. Flowers solitary, on erect scapes
above the water.

Besidcs the following Asiatic and Australian spccies, there is a seeond ouc from thc West
ludics,

1. N. speciosum, Willd. ; BC. Procl. i. 113. Lcaves orbicular, pel-
tate, somewhat concave, 1 to 2 ft. diameter, quitc entu-e or slightly sinuate,
ghabrous and often somcwhat gkuicous. Plowers pink, 4 to 8 in. diamcter,
appendage of the anthers linear-chibshaped. Fruit 2 to 4 in. diameter, the
mits from the size of a pea to that of a small cherrv. — Bot. Mag. t. 3916,
3917.

N. Australia. Swamps in Aruhcm's Land, F. Mueller ; Lowcr Condamine rivcr,
Coxon.

Queensland. Mackcnzie rivcr, F. Mueller.

Thc spceics is widcly distributcd over the warmer regions of Asia, extcndiug northwards
to the Caspiau Sea in the west, and to Japan in thc east.

OiiDER YII. PAPAVERACE^.

riowers hermaphrodite, regular, or, in 'Fnm.ariecB, irregidar. Sepals 2 or 3,
rarely 4, free, imbricate, very caducous. Petals 4, 6, or rarcly 8 or 12, liypo-
gynous, free, imbricate, and ofteu erumpled in the bud, in 2 rarely 3 scries,
tlcciduous. Stamens hypogynous, indefinite, and frce, or, in Twmariece, (U^fi-
nite, with the filaments usually united. Anthers erect, the c(!lls opening lon-
gitudinally. Ovaryfree, either 1-eelled Avith parietal placentas often protrud-
ing into the cavity, or rarely completely sevcral-celled by the placentas meeting
in the axis, or 2-cellcd by a false dissepimcnt conneeting 2 parictal placcntas.
Style short or none; stigmas as many as placentas, usually confluent and ra-
diating on the disk-likc or dilated top of the ovaiy or style. Ovides indefi-
nite, anatropous, ascendiug with an inferior micropyle or horizontal. Fruit
capsular, usually opening in pores or valvcs. Seeds globidar or snbreniform.
Embryo minute, at the basc of a flcshy albumcn. — Herbs or rarely small
shnibs, glabrous and often glaucous or hispid, the juice usually coloured.
Leaves alternate or the floral ones almost oppositc, entire, lobed or dissectcd

VII. PAPAVERACE/-E. 63

witliout stipules. Flowers usually solitary on long peduneles, eithcr terminal
or in tlie upper axils.

The Ordcr belongs nlmost cntirely to the tcmpcrate or subtTopical rcgions of Ihe uortliera
licniispherc, oue only genus bciug rcprcsented by a single species in the southcrn hemisphcrc ;
but, besides the Faparer r/icPas meutioued bclow, one at lcast of the uumerous forms of the
Enropean F/tmana ojficinalis has established itself as a wced of cultivatiou iu some parts of
Victoria and S. Australia, as iu S. Africa.

1. PAPAVEB, Liun.

Sepals 2, rarely 3, Petals 4, rarely 6. Stamens indefinite. Placentas of
tlie ovary 4 or more, covered with ovides and projecting more or less into
the cavity, rarely meeting in the ceutre; stigmas radiating on the convex
or ahnost conical disk-like summit of the ovary. Capsule opening in traus-
verse pores between the pLacentas under the disk, with vcry short opercular
valves. Secds furrowed. — llerbs, with a niilky juice. Leaves usually lobed
or cut. Peduncles long, the buds uodding.

Except the following one, the spccics are all from the northern hemispherc in the Oht
World.

1. P. horridum, DC. Syst. Veg. i. 79. An erect annual, beset with su-
bulate prickles or stiif bristles, but otherwise glabrous and usually glaucous.
Leaves narrow-oblong or lanceolate, iiTCgidarly pinnatifid and coarsely toothed,
the radical ones contracted into a petiole, the stem ones sessile or partially
stem-clasping. Flowers small for the genus, of a pale brick or red colour.
Sepals hispid. Petals nearly ovate, about \ in. long. Capsule ovoid-obloiig,
perfectly smooth and ghibrous, the terminal disk at first pyramidal, at length
nearly tlat, usually with 6, 7, or 8 stigmatic rays. Placentas as uiany, pro-
jecting in the cavity but not meeting in the centrc. — F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 29 ;
Sw. Brit. Pl. Gard.ii. 173 ; P.gariepinum, DC. Syst. Veg. i. 79 ; Bot. Mag. t.
3G23 ; P. ucideatum, Tlumb. Fl. Cap. 43L

Queensland. Morcton Bay, F. Mueller ; Warwick, Beckler.
N. S. Wales. IIuntcr's River, F. Browii; Hastings river, Beclder.
Victoria. Sandy localities along the Murray and Snowy rivers, F. Mv.eller.
S. Australia. Mnrray scrub, towards INIount Barker and Flinders Range, F. Mueller.
The species is also found iu extratropical S. Africa, aud is nearly allied to, but I believe
really distinct from, some S. Europcau forms of the P. dubium, Linn.

P. rhveas, Linn., the common European Coni-Poppy, distinguished by its large red flowcrs
with broad ovcrlappiug petals, and a nearly globular or turbinate smooth capsule with about
10 stigmatie rays, has established itself in a few placcs iu Victoria as an iutroduced wecd.

OiiderVIIL CRUCIFER^.

PloAvers hcrmaphrodite, regidar, or with the outer petals Lirger. Sepals 4,
free, imbricate in 2 series, tlie outcr ones often saccate at tlie base. Petals
4, rarely wanting, the lamiua; spreading in the form of a cross ; tonis usually
bearing 4 glands opposite the sepals. Stamens usually 6, of which 2 outer ones
shortcr or rarely wanting, 4 inner ones longer, in pairs alternating witli the
outer ones. Anthers 2-celled, attached by the base. Ovary 1-celled, with
2 parietal placentas or rarely a single one, or more frequently divided into
two cells by a thin membranous septnm connecting the twoparietal placentas.

(54, VIII. CKUCIFER^.

Stvle simple, ofteu very shovt or iionc ; stigraas 2, ercct or divaricate, or
uiiited iuto a siui^le capitate or uiiuute sti.!?ma. Ovules 1, 2, or morc m eacli
rell horizoutal or pcudulous from the parietal placeuta. 1^-uit a pod citier
lou^ and uanw, aud theu called a slllqi(a, or short aud broad, called a
silicule, usuaUy 2-ccllcd, each cell opeuing by a deciduous valve, h^avm| per-
sistent the thin septum suiTouuded by the nerve-hke phaceutas, whu-li lorm a
rim called tlie rcpluM ; exceptioually the pod is 1-seeded aud nulehisceut or
separatiu"- into 2 indehiscent cocci or into 2 or raore bead-hke articles.
Seeds attachcdin each ceU in 2 rows, oue proceediug frora each edge of the sep-
tum but when each seed is as broad as the ccU they overhip eaeh othcr, so as to
appear to be, and to be described as, in a single row ; testa cclhaar, somc-
times wino-ed, often exuding when soaked a thick coat of mucilage. Albumen
usuaUy none. Embiyo usuaUy curved, the cotyledons phauo-convex with the
radicle curved against their edge, when they are said to be acctwidoif, or ovev
the baek of one of tliem, when they are incnmhent ; in the hatter case they
are either iiat or luore or less fohied over the radicle, or conJuplicate.—
Herbs or rarely undershrubs, without milky juicc. Hairs suuple, stellate or
attached by the ceutre. Leaves simple, usuaUy aUernate, eutu-e, lobed or
pinnately divided, the radical ones ofteu lyrate and the stem oucs auncled.
Stipules none. Flowers usuaUy iu termiual raeemes, which are at first
corymbose but lcngthen out as thc fruiting advances, and usnaUy without

CrucifercB form a very large Order, disperscd over nearly tlic whole globe, but most abun-
dant in the temperate and cold regions of the northcrn hem.sphcre. Thcy are rare with.n
Ihe tropics, espcciallv i.i districts where there are no high mountam-rangcs. Ihc Order ,s
one of the most casilV recognized by the tlowers or fr..its, but, to dctcrm..ic the gencra and
species, it is absolutely necessary to have the pod and the seed m a good statc.

Pods lincar, at least 4 times as long as broad.

Pods terele or teiragonous, the vahes turgid or with a very x>romi-
nent nndrib.
Seeds iu a sinde row. Pods long.

Cotylcdons accnmbent 2. Barrarea.

Cotyledons incun.bcnt 7. SiSYMBUlUM.

Secds in 2 rows. Pods usnally short.

Cotyh.donsaccun.bent 1 . Nasturtium.

Cotylcdons i.icumbcnt.

Pctalscither obovateor, if narrow, sho.t andcicct . . . 8. Blennodia.
Petals tapering into a k)ng, sub.datc, oftcn twisted i.oint . 9. Stf.nopetai.um.
Pods flaitened, iistially long, ihe fiat valves parallel iciih the sep-
tum. Cotgledons aeeumbent.
Stem-leaves aurieled.

Seeds smooth \ ^«^«^^-

Secds piltcd 4. CAunAMiNE.

Stem-h-avesdisidedorrardy cntirc, not am-ickd 4. Lardamine.

Pods short or oblong, i-ai-cly 4 timcs as loiig as broad.
Pods terete or qhihutar, the valves verg convex.

Cotylcdons aecun.bcnt 1- Nasturtium.

CotyU-dons incumbcut. nn n

Fruiting pcduncles recurved, pod ripening underground . . 10. Geococcus.
Fruitiua; raccmcs crect. . , . , r. o

Pctals tapcriug into a long, s..bulate, oftcn twisted point . 9. Stenopetalum.
Pctals obovate, or if narrow, ercct and short.

Scptura broader thau the trausverse diameter of the pod 8. Blennodia.

VIII. craTciFEii.i;. 65

.Septum nanower than tlictransverse diaiueter of tlie pod 12. Capsella.
Po(h jlattened, the flat valves parallel to the septuin or to each
other.
Cotyledons accambent. Pod with a scptum.

Pod orbicular. Seeds 2 to 4 in each cell 5. Alyssum.

Pod elliptical. Seeds 10 to 12 or more in each cell ... 6. Duaba.
Cotylcdons incumbent. No septum. Seeds nnnierous, small . 11. Menkea.
Pods flattened laterally, Ihe valves boat-shaped, with their flat
sides at riyht anyles to the narroiv septum.
Seeds 1 in each cell.

Pod cither indehiscent or separatino- into 2 indchisceut cocci . 13. Seneeiera.

Pod-valves dehiscent 14. Lepidium.

Seeds 3 to 4 or more in each cell.

Cotyledons iucumbent. Seeds, or at least ovules, 6 or more

iu each cell 12. Capsella.

Cotyledons accumbeut. Seeds or ovules 4 or fevver in each cell 15. Thlaspi.

Besides the above gencra, the followiug Cruciferce have a])peared as introduced wccds of
cultivation.

Heliophila pumila, Linn. f., from South Africa, a slender, glabrous, erect anuual, with
linear or tiliform leaves, small whitc flovvcrs, aud sleuder moniliform pods with flat orbicular
seeds, and long, liuear, twice-folded cotyledons. Received from Svvan River.

Brassica ?, apparently B. yenicutata [S/napis yenicidata, Desf.), a INIediterrauean spe-
cies, iu Herb. jMueller, from iloreton Bay, but the specimens are too young to determine.

Raphanus saticus, Liun., the commou cultivated Radish of Europe aud Asia, has csta-
blished itself as a weed iu many cnltivated places.

Sinapis hastata, Desf. Cat. Hort. Par. ed. 2, 151; DC. Prod. i. 220, dcscribed from a
specimen raised in the Jardin des Plantes, supposed to have beeu of Australiau origiu, is
I>iplota.Tis viryafa, DC, a Spanish plant.

1. NASTURTIUM, E. Br.

Sepals short, equal, spreading. Petals scarcely clawed. Pods nearly cylin-
drical, sliort or elongated, tlie valves couvex, sliglitly 1-uerved, tlie septum
trausparent ; style short or loug, with an entire or 2-lobed stigraa. Seeds
usually distiuctly rauged in 2 rows, sinall, turgid, with short free funicles.
Cotyledous accumbent. — Herbs, either glabrous or pubescent, With siniple
hairs. Leaves entire, lobed, or pinnately divided. Flowers small, geuerally
yellow.

A considerable genus, dispersed over the greater part of the globe, and very dillicult, both
as to the discriminatiou of its species and as to its distinction from other genera. Tlie
Australian species is oue of the most widely diffused.

Flowers yellow 1. 'N. palustre.

Flowers white.

Half aquatic pereunial. Petals obovate N. qfficinale i}ic\ov;).

SmaU annual. Petals very small and narrow .... Cardamine eustylis (p. 71).

N. qfflcinale, R. Br. in DC. Prod. i. 137, the FAiropeau Watercress, with piunate leaves and
perfectly distinct segments and white tlowers, has been noticed in a few strcamlets in Vic-
toria p.nd South Australia ; but everywhere its importation from Europe could be traced
[F. Mueller).

1. N. palustre, DC. Syst. Veg.\\.\%\. An erect or decumbent or
almost trailing aunual or biennial, from a few iuches to 2 ft. or more in
length, quite glabrous or very rarely pubescent. Leaves toothed or pinnately
lobed, or the lower oues sometimes lyrate, aurirulate at the base, the lobes

VOL. I. f

66 VIII. crucifer.t:. [Nasturlium.

ovate, oblong, or rarely lanccolate, ahvays irregular, confluent and usually
sinuate or tootlied. Eacemes short, loose, without bracts. Flowers small,
yellow, the petals scarcely exceeding the calyx. Style short. Pod sessile,
turgid, oblono;, obtuse, straight, or slightly cuiTed, generally 2 to 4 lines
long and about l^ lines broad, but occasionally ratlier longer and naiTower.
— ileichb. Ic. Fl. Germ. ii. 53 ; N. terrestre, R. Br. in Ait. Hort. Kew. ed.
2, iv. 110 ; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 21 ; F. MueU. Fl. Yict. i. 31 ; N. semlpw-
natlfidum, Hook. Journ. Bot. i. 246.

Queensland. Biu-dekin river, T. MiteUer ; Maranoa river, MitcheU.

N. S. 'Wales. Port Jacksofi, R. Broivn ; ualive cabbage of the seltlers, Herl). MtieJ-
ler ; Darliug river, F. Miieller.

Victoria. Around swanips, lakes, and along Ihe banks of rivers in inany localitics, T.
Mii.eller.

Tasmania. Abuudant on thc wet banks of St. Patrick's river and on the Derwcnt
river, J. 1). Honker.

S. Australia. Torrens river, near Adelaide, F. Mueller.

The speciuicn from the Darling river has narrow lobes to the ahnost twice piiiuatilid
leaves, but has the nornial short pods of the species. Some specimens from the iMurray river
have also very narrow leaf-lobes, with a longer and more slcuder pod, almost like that of
JV. indictim, but not qnite ripe. Mitcheirs specimen has very youug but sleuder pods, aud the
whole plaut is hoary pubesceut, and it may possibly uot be correctly referrcd here. The
species is dispersed over all teraperate aud subtropical regious of the globe except S. Africa.
It was first published by Leysser as Sisymbriitm paJtisire, and a year latcr by Witheriug as
S. terresire. Brown first transferred it to Nasiuriiinn with "\Yithering's specific uame, aud
])e Candolie soon afterwards with Leysscr's name. Contincutal botanists now gcnerally
adopt N. paltistre, DC, as the oldest absolute spccific uame, whilst British botanists oflen
adopt N. terrestre, Br., as the oldest in the genus.

2. BARBAREA, R. Br.

Sepals nearly erect, equal. Petals cLiwed. Pod elongated, flattish-tetra-
gonous ; septuui transparent ; valves keeled or with a proinuient inidrib ;
style short ; stigma capitate or 2-lobed. Seeds iu a single row, oblong, not
bordered ; the funicles fiee. — Erect, branching, usually glabrous herbs, an-
nual or bienuial, the stem augidar. Leaves entire or pinnately sinuate or
lobed. Flowers yellow, sometimes bracteate. Pods usually rigid.

A genus of few species, dispersed over the tcmperate regions of the globe, the Australian
species being the commonest over the whole rauge. It dilfers from Nix^turiittm chiefiy in
the robust rigid habit, thc promincut midrib of the valves, and the seeds occupyiug the wliolc
breadth of the pod so as to appear in a single row.

1. B. vulgaris, B. Br. ; DC. Prod. i. 140. Erect, rather rigid, biit
often slightly braucliiiig, l^ to 2 ft. high. Leaves lyrate-pinnatitid, the lower
ones with a large termiual ovate lobe and several sinaller ones more or less
distinct, tlie upper ones often reduced to a single ovate or oblong terminal
lobe, usually sinuate or toothed. Flowers bright yellow, the petals twice as
long as the calyx. Pods usuaUy numerous, in a long terminal raceme, on
slightly spreading pedicels of 3 to 4 lines, in the Australian specimens usually
1 to 1| in. long, the stigma nearly sessile or on a short style rarcly exceeding
i line.— A. Grav, Gen. 111. t. 62; F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 32; B. australis,
Hook. f. Fl. Nov. Zel. i. 14; Fl. Tasm. i. 21.

Victoria. Banks of the Mitta Mitta and other rivers of Gijjps' Laiul, chieflv at an ele-
vation of 1000 to 3000 (pet, F. MneJJer.

Bariarea.] viii. chucifer.e.

67

^ Tasmania. Moist or niarshy districts iii the centre of the island, also uear Launceston,
J. B. Hooker.

The species is spread ovcr Eiirope, North America, northern Asia, the Himalayas, and
New Zealand, and as au introdnccd weed in South AlVica. In Australia it is evidently indi-
fr^T^x'! '^^^ speciinens all bclong to the var. sfricta of raost northern botauists {B.pra-cox,
Hook. n. Bor. Am. i. 39, not of R. Br.j, as usually defincd. with nearlv erect stout pods
with a very short style. European specimens are often precisely similar. *

3. ARABIS, Limi. .
(Tnrritis, Linn.)
Sepals rather sliort, equal or the lateral ones saccate at the base. Petals
eiitire, usually clawed. Pocl sessile, elongated, slender, flattened ; valves flat,
keeled, or with a raidril) ; septum membranous ; stigma entire or 2-lobed.'
Seeds in 1 or rarely 2 rows, flattened, often bordered^or wino-ed.— Annual or
pereunial herbs, g-hibrous or tomentose with spreading, braiK-hed, or stellate
hairs. Eaclical leaves iisually spathulate, tlie stem ones sessile, often auricled.
Flowers Avhite or rarely purple, straw-coloured or pink.

The species are numerous in the temperate and colder regions of the northern hemisphere,
very few inhabiting the southern one ; and none are peculiar to Australia. Cardamine
stylosa, which in its undivided sagittate leaves comcs very uear to Araljis, luay be readily dis-
tiuguished by its reticulate pitted sceds.

1. A. glabra, Crnntz ; Hook.f.and Thoms. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 140.
Stem erect, simple, rigid, 1 to 3 ft. high, usually glabrous except at the base.
Radical leaves petiolate, narrow-oblong, eiitire,' or siiiuately toothed, 3 to 4
in. long, usually pubescent or hirsute with stellate or branching hairs'; stem-
leaves erect, oblong-lanceolate, stem-claspiiig and usually auriculate' at the
base, and all except the lowest quite glabrous. FIowers"rather small, white
or straw-coloured. Fruiting racemes long, rigid, with riumerous erect slender
pods, mostly 2 in. long or even more, and | to f line broad. Seeds small,
either as broad as the septum and in 1 row, or narrower and somewhat bise-
nBie.—THrritls glabra, Linn. ; DC. Svst. Veg. ii. 211; Reichb. Ic. Pl Germ
ii. t. 44 ; F. IMuell. PI. Vict. i. 33 and 221.

N. S. Wales. On the Severu, in New England, C. Stuart.

Victoria. Banks of the Cobongra, Mitta Mitta, Livingstone Creek, and Snowy rivers
at an elcvation of 3000 to 4000 feet, F. Mueller.

The range of this species extends over Europe, temperate North America and Asia, the
Himalaya, aud Japan.

4. CARDAMINE, Linn.

Sepals equal at the base. Petals clawed. Pod elongated, linear, com-
pressed ; valves usually flat, without conspicuous nerves, opening elastically ;
septura transparent ; style short or long ; stigma eutire or 2-lobed. Seeds
flattened, not bordered, in a siiigle row (except in C. eK.sti/llsJ.—UeYhs,
usually flaccid and glabrous. Leaves entire or more frequently pinnately di-
vided, in a few species not Australiaii opposite or whorled. Flowers erect or
noddiug, white, purple, or lilac, not yellow. Pods usually slender.

A large genus, widely spread over the temperate and coldcr regions both of the northern
and southern hemisphere. Of the 7 following species two are identical with or represeuta-
tives of coramon northern species ; thc reniainder are cndcmic or extcnd onlv to Xcw Zealand.

F 2

G8

VIII. CRUCirERA:. \Cardannne

Seeds rcticulate and pittcd, nither large.

Leaves cntire or sinuate-toothed, thc stem oucs sagittate.

Pl t f 2 to 5 ft \. C- stylosa.

LoweTleaves pinnate/alfpetiolate." Plant erect, uuder 2 ft. 2. C. dtciyosperma.
Seeds sniooth.

"Sung raccnics short, lcafy. Tod fully 2 lincs broad . 3. C radicala.
Fruiting raceraesloose,lcafiess. Pod not above 1 linebroad.

riowers rather large, with obovate spreading petals. ^ ^ ^ .. ,.

at- \ 1 +^ liiinplrfno- . ... 5. C.temnfoha.

s'.g„lL°iif.»nrr^s.- : : : : : : . . «. a /,»;<» a«<.™a«..

Flowers very sraall, with uarrow erect petals .... 4. G. laciniaia.

^"pSsconspieuous,obovate,spreading &. ChirsutaheterophyUa.

Petals verv narrow, small, nearly erect. n n j- /

Secds nearly the breadth of thc septuni, iu a single row (>. L. Iiirsuta.
Seeds numerous, small, almost biseriate. Valvesofthe

pod convex ' ^- ^- ^«^^^^^*'

1 C. stvlosa, BC. Sj/sL Veg. ii. 248. A vatlicr coarse glabrous lierb,
brancbiuo- and decumbent or nearly erect, usually 2 to 3 ft. high and some-
times att"aining 5 ft. Leaves oblong-lanceohite, entire or smuate and mi-
nutelv but remotely toothed, the lower ones narrowed nito a long pctiole, tlie
upnerones sessile'but narrow below the middle and cUxspmg the stem by
their sagittate base, the longest 3 to 5 in. long. Flowers small, wlute, with
obovate spreading petals. Eruiting racemes long and rather rigid, the pedi-
cels verv spreading, 3 to 4 lines long. Pods 1 to H m. long and t to 1 hne
broad with a very faint nerve on the valves. Seeds oval, dark-coloiired, re-
ticuh-ited with raised longitudinal nerves and transverse pits between tliein.—
Hook. f. FL Tasm. i. 18 ; F. MueU. Pl. Vict. i. 84 ; Arabis gigatitea, Mook.
Ic. t. 259; C. divaricata, Hook. f. Fl. Nov. Zel. i. 13.

N S. Wales. Mount Lindsay, W. Hill. , , i c ■

Victoria. -Moist forest valleys, r.irc iu opcn pastui-e land near the banks ot rivers m
various parts of Gipps' Land, also in thc Daudcnong rangcs, f. MueUer.

Tasmania. Northeru and eastern coasts ncar thc sea, /. D Sooker ; asceudmg to
alpiue clevations ou Mount Wdlingtou, 0/.///././; also in New Zealaud.

This species has as much the characters ^i Arabis as of Cardamine, but the habit israther
that of the lattcr gcnns.

2 C. dictyosperma, Hoolc. Journ. Bot. i. 346. Erect or brauching
and decumbent at the base, glabrous or with a few hairs at the base, under l
ft hio-h Lower leaves pinnately divided into a few distant, ovate or oblong,
entire or toothed segments, the termiiial one usually much the Lnrgest ; upper
leaves with narrower and fewer lobes, or suiall, narrow, and entire, all petio-
hite with tlie petiole scarcely diUitcd at the base and rarely sagittate. llowers
lar<rer than in 6'. slylosa, the lamina narrow-obovate, usuaUy longer than the
claw Fnutiug racemes long, tlie pcdicels very spreadnig, 2 to 5 liues long.
Pod usuaUy longer and more slcnder than in C. stnlosa, aud sometunes at-
taining 2 in. but sometimes only 1 in. ; style from f to 2 Inies long. Seeds
of C. stylosa, but with coarscr reticulations.— Hook. t. 1^1. iasm. i. 1« ; i^.
MueU. Pl. Vict. i. 35 and 231 ; C nivea, Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. \. il6.

N S Wales. Moist rocky places north of Bathurst, A. Cminingham ; Sev^xn river
New England, C. Siuart ; from Clarence river, Beckler, io Twofold Bay, F. MneUer.

Cardamine.] viii. cRUCirER.E. 69

Victoria. Spriugy shady localities iii damp valleys, from the lowlands to the alps, F.
MiieUer.

Tasmania. Abundaut iu damp raviues and by waysides throughout the islaud, /. D.
Hoolcer.

W. Australia, Dnmmond, n. 94, ancl 'atk Coll. n. 285.

In flower the smaller speciraens often resemble C. tenuifolia, but are more erect and less
branched. The seeds ai'e very diiFerent.

3. C. radicata, Hook.f. in Hook. lc. Fl. i. 882. Rhizoraes or procum-
bent root-like stems elongated, cylindrical and brittle, sonietiraes as thick as
the little finger, prodiicing at their extremity tufts of leaves and leafy erect
flowering branches 2 to 6 in. high. Leaves petiolate, obovate, coarsely
toothed or alraost pinnatitid, not auricled at the base, ghxbrous as well as the
wliole phint. Flowers (which I have not seen) ratlier large. Fruiting ra-
cemes short and dense, often leafy at the base. Pod usuaUy f in. long and
fully 2 lines broad. Seeds much compressed, irregularly orbicular, not pitted.
— Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 18.

Tasmania. Summit of Mount Olympus, in crevices of basaltic columns, Gunn ; in
crcvices of rocks ona mountaia westward of Mount Lapeyrouse, Herb. F. Mue/ler.

4. C. laciniata, F. Miiell. iti Tram. Fldl. Soc. Vict. i. 34, and Fl. Vict.
i. 35. A ghibrous perennial, with a procumbent or creeping rhizome, mucli
more slender thau in C. radicata, the stems rather weak, asccndiug or erect,
sehlom above 1 ft. high and often leafless. Leaves chiefly radical, petiolate,
Imear-Lanceohite or rarely obovate-oblong, pinnatifiil with a few narrow lobes,
or with 1 large terminal lobe and 2 or 3 snu\ller oucs along the petiole, or
rarely entire or toothed only, the stem-leaves when present few and narrow.
Flowers very small, the narrow erect petals scarcely longer tlian the calyx.
Staraens usually 4 only. Fruiting.raceme very loose, with distant, slender,
spreading pedicels. Pods slender, 1 to \\ in. long. Seeds orbicular, not
j)itted.

N. S. Wales. New Eugland, near Clifton, C. Stuart.

Victoria. lu marshy places, chiefly in rich soii, not rare. Used as food by the Jlur-
ray uativus, F. Mueller.

5. Australia. Lake Alexandrina, Gawler river, Bugle range, the Onkapariuga and
Torreus rivers, etc, rather frequent, F. Miieller.

5. C. tenuifolia, Hook. Journ. Bot. i. 247. Generally if not always
perennial, with a slender creeping rhizome, which often dies away so as to
give the tufts the appearance of an anniial. Stems weak, branching and
glabrous or rarely hirsute, like those of 6'. liirmta but usually longer, some-
times attaining 1 to \\ ft. Leaves pinnately divided, the lower ones usually
with a terminal, broadly ovate, orbicular, or cordate segmcnt, entire or coarsely
toothed, the lateral segments smaller, few, distant, and all petiolate, the upper
leaves or sometimes all the stem-leaves with narrow-linear segments, more
numerous and more equal than in the lower ones, and usually entire and ses-
sile ; in some specimens the leaves are all crowded at the base of the other-
wise leafless scapes. Flowers rather large, white or lilac, the laminae of the
pctals obovate and spreading. Fmiting racemes loose, the pedicels not very
spreading. Pods usually erect, narrow, | to 1 in. long, tipped by a slender
style ofteu l^ lines long. Secds nearlv orbicular, smootli. — C. lilacina, Hookv

70 VIII. CRUCiFERiE, [Cardamiiie.

Comp. Bot. Mag. i. 373 ; C. pratensis, Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 19 ; C. parvijlora,
var., F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 36.

N. S. Wales. Interior of the colouy, A. Cunningham ; Macquarie river, Fraser ;
Hunter river, Leichhardt ; Macleay river, Beckler.

Victoria. Swamps on I.atrobe river, F. Mueller.

Tasmania. Conimon in marshy and wct placcs throughout the island, J. J). Hooker.

Tliis plant is imited by Dr. liooker with the Euronean C. pratensis, Linn., and it cer-
taiuly is a very close re])resentative of that species, but its lax, more branching stems, give it
much more the habit of C. hirsida. In many respects indecd it seems almost to pass iuto
the latter specics through its \a.Y\vA'^ heteroj)hi/tla,An&. F. Jlueller unites all these plautswith
C. resedcefolia, Linn. and others, under the Linnaeau name of C.parvijlora. But long and re-
peatcd observation of the European C. pratensis, resedcrfolia, and hirsuta, in a living state iu
varions localities, prcvents my admitting their nnion witbout much more convincing proofs ;
and, if tliey are kept distinct, it appears necessary to maintain also the Australian C. teniii-
fotia. It is, I believe, a perennial like C. pratensis, but that canuot always be ascertained
from dried specimens.

C. intermedia, Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 258, can scarcely bc judged of from the single specimen
preserved, but the style is certainly rather long aud slender, aud the habit aad petals are
more those of C. tenuifotia than of C. hirsuta.

6. C. hirsuta, Linn. ; DC. Prod. i. 152. A much-bvaiiched decumbent
or tufted annual, seldom above 6 in. higli, either quite glabrous or slightly
liirsute witii short spreading hairs. Leaves pinnately divided, the lower ones
with 1 ovate or rounded terminal segraent and a few smaUer petiokdate la-
teral ones, or sometimes reduced to the terminal one, the upper leaves few
with iiarrow lobes. Flowers very small, the petals narrow and erect or
scarcely spreading. rftamens often reduced to 4 (especially in European spe-
cimens). Fruiting racemes usually short and rather dense, tlie pedicels not
very spreailing. Pods ereet, slender, usually 7 to 9 lines long and scarcely
more than \ line broad, tlie stigma sessile or on a style not longer than the
breadth of the pod. Sei^ds smooth, as broad as the septura, and in a single
row as in all the preceding species. — Reichb. Ic. Fl. Gerra. ii. t. 26 ; Hookt
f. Fl. Tasm. i. 20 ; C. parmflora, Linn. ; DC. Prod. i. 152; also F. Muell.
Pl. Vict. i. 36, partly ; C. debilis, Banks, in DC. Syst. Veg. ii. 265 ; C.pauci-
juga, Turcz. iu Bull. Mosc. 1854, ii. 295.

N. S. V^ales. Apparently common in wet places, extending northwards to Ilastings

river, Beckler.

Victoria. Wet meadows and along strearas, dispersed over the whole colony, F.
MuetJer.
, Tasmania. Throughout the ishmd, abundaut in niany localitics, J. B. Ilooker.

S. Australia. As far as Flindcrs Ilange, F. Mueller.

^V. Australia, Brummond, \th Colt. n. 131.

Thc spcrius is vcry abiiiidant in the tcmpcrafc regions of the northern hemisphcre, in the
hilly regions of the Iropics, iu New Zealand and tlie rncific islands, aiid in Anfarctic Ame-
rica. Always iu the north a sniall-nowcrcd aunual, aud somctinics glabrous. Many of thc
Australian specimcns are prccisely like tlie glabrous European ones, but in others therc are
signs of a procumbeut skiulcr rhizome, as is so frequcnt iu thc followiug variety or species.
I have prcscrvcd thc nauie C. hirsuta, iu place of that of C. parvijlora adoj)ted by F. Mueiler,
bccausc it is the one by which the plaut is most uuivcrsally known, both bcing Linna^an.

Var. (?) heterophi/lla. Rhizonie apparently iu some instances pereunial, though very slen-
dcr. Flowers rather larger, with more spreading almost obovate petals. Pod less slende)-,
aud the whole plant a])proachiug C. tenuifotia iu habit, but with an almost sessile stignia,
as in C. hirsuta. — C. helerophylla, Hook. Ic. PL t. 58. — -Apparently a common Tasmanian

Cardamine.'] vm. cuucifer.e, 71

fonn, and would iiiclude soinc \ icloria spccinieus, Robertsuii, aud Soutii Austialian oues froni
Jlount Barker creek, F. Mueller.

7. C. (?) eustylis, T. Mudl. m Traus. Fict. Inst. i. 114 ; Pl. Vict. i. 37.
Au erect annual, mncli branchecl from the base, scarcely exceeding 6 to 8 iu.
in height and (inite g-labrous. Leaves piunately divided, the lower ones with
ovate segments, the others with narrower oncs, all usually with a few teeth or
lobes. Flowers smaller than in C. hirsuta, the petals narrow, erect, and
scarcely exceeding the calyx. Fruiting racemes short, leafless. Pods rather
spreading, slender, 6 to 9 lines loug, tipped by a style of \ to near 1 line,
the valves convex, smooth, without nerves. Seeds very uumeroiis aud small,
much narrower than tlie septum, and showing 2 distinct rows.

N. Australia. On the rivers flowing into the Gulf of Carpcufaria, rarc, F. Mueller.

Victoria. Sandy aud gravelly Ijanks of the Murray river, F. Mueller.

The nearly cylindrieal pod and two-rowed seeds are niore tiiose of Nasturlium than of
Cardamine, but the habit and white flowers niay justify the placing the species in tlie lattcr
geuns. The degree of elasticity of the valves cauuot be judged of iu the dried specimeus.

5. ALYSSUM, Linn.

(^leniocus, Desv.)

Sepals rather short, equal at the base. Petals rather short, entire or liifld.
Stamens often bearing a tooth or small appendage on the filaments of some
or all of them. Pod shovt, from nearly orbicular to oblong, very flat or tur-
gid; the valves flat, concave, or turgid in the centre aud flat on the margins,
the septum membranous ; style short or long, with an entire stigma. Seeds
2 to 10 in each cell. Cotyledons accumbent. — Branching lierljs or small
shrubs, nsually hoary with stellate tomeutnm. Leaves undivided, usually
linear. Kacemes without bracts, with white or yellow flowers.

A large genns, dispersed ovcr the temperate regions of the Old World, but chiefly in the
Mediterranean region and westcrn Asia. None are found iu Anierica, eastern Asia, or in
thc Pacific Islands. The only Australian species is identical with oue common iu the eastera
Mcditerrancan rcgiou.

1. A. linifolium, StepJi. in Willd. Spec. Tl. iii. 467. A small, but hard,
wiry, aud miich-branched erect annual, hoary, with a minute, close, stelhite
tomeutum. Leaves lincar, oblong-spathulate or almost obovate, mostly under
■g- in., but the longest sometimes nearly 1 in. long, quite eutire. Flowers
white, very smalL Pods orbieular or broadly ovate, 2 to 3 lines loug, mi-
nutely hoary ; the valves flat and without nerves ; style small, subidate.
Seeds 4 to 6 in each cell. — Meniociis Hnifolins, DC. Syst. Veg. ii. 325 ;
Deless. Ic. Sel. ii. t. 42 ; M. serpyllifoUus, Desv. ; DC. 1. c. ; M. australa-
sicus, Turcz. in Bull. Mosc. 18.54, ii. 297.

N. Australia. Lacrosse Island, Cainbridge Gidf, N. \V. eoast, A. Cunningham. A
single specimcn, with only portions of the pods remaining, bnt apparently belouging to this
species.

N. S. ■Wales. Darhng river, Victorian E.rpedition.

Victoria. Murray river, and sand-hills near Lake Tlindmarsh, F. Muelter.

S. Australia. Ncar Crystal Brook and about Spencer's Gulf, F. Mueller.

W. Australia, Brummond, Wi Colt. n. 127.

This, the only outlying rcprcscatative of a genus olherwise so reslricted iu its rangc.

72 VIII. ciiuciFBRjE. \_Alyssum.

may possibly have been introduced from southern Europc, but it appcars to bc too abundant
in arid desert situations to be omitted from the Flora.

6. DRABA, I.iim.

Sepals short, equal. Petals entire. Pod elliptical or oblong, rarely alniost
linear, compressecl, several-seeded ; valves flat or nearly so, very rarely nerved ;
septum membranous ; style short or long ; stigraa cntire. Seeds in 2 rows,
not bordered, with fiHform funicles ; cotyledons accuinbent. — Herbs, usually
small and tufted or annual, more or less hoary, with stellate tomentum.
Leaves luidivided and iisually entire, the radical ones rosulate. Scapes leaf-
less or flowering-stems with sessile leaves. Kacemes without bracts. Flowers
usually small, white or yellow, rarely pink or purple.

A large genus, chiefly distributed ovcr the teniperate and coolcr regions of the norlhcra
hemisphere, very abundaut in high alpine stations, aud extending all along tlie high Andcs
of South America, rarc in Antarctic America, entircly wanting in !South Afriea aud Kew
Zealand, and represented iri Australia by a siugle spccics identical vvith a comniou northern
one.

1. D. muralis, Linn. ; DC. Prod. i. 171. A slender erect annual, 2 to
3 in. high and simple, or twice as high and branched, more or less pubescent
with stellate hairs. Leaves ovate, coarse^y toothed, \ to \ m. long in Anstra-
lian specimens, often twice that in p]uropean ones, the radical ones petiolate,
the others sessile. Flowers very small, white or pale yellow. Frniting ra-
cemes loose, with slendpr sprcading pedicels of 4 to 5 lines. Pod elliptical,
pubcscent in onr specimens, about 3 lines Inng, containing usually above 12
seeds in each cell. — D. nemoraUs, Ehrh. ; DC. Prod. i. 171 ; Reichb. Ic. Fl.
Germ. ii. t. 12; Hook. f. FI. Tasm. i. 24.

Tasmania. Dry placcs ncar Ilobartou, and on the Derwcnt at thc Cataracts, J. D.
Hookir.

Conunon iu the teinperate regions of the grcater part of Europe and Asia, and also in
somc parts of North Ameriea. The usual varicty in the north has glabrous pods ; but the
Tasmauian varicty witb pubcscent oncs, to wliich the name of IJ. noiioralis has bten givcn, is
also fcuud in Europc.

7. SISYMBRIUM, Linn.

Sepals equal or the lateral ones slightly saccate. Petals usually clongated,
with long claws. Pod linear-elongated, cylindrical or flattened, several-seeded,
the valves usually convex and 3-nerved ; septum menibranous ; style usually
short, with an entire or slightly 2-loljed stigma. Sceds in a single row, not
borckired, oblong, with filifonu funicles. Cotyledons incumbent. — Herbs,
usually aniuial or biennial, glabrous liirsute or tomentose. Leaves entire or
pinnately lobed or divided. Flowers yellow, or rarely white or pink.

A large gcuus, chicfly Europeau and Asiatic, vi-ith a few North American and a very few
Antarelic spccles. Oiily one is a nativc of Ncvv Zeaiand, and none arc as yct known to be
truly iudigenous iu Australia,- but the following appears now so wcU establishcd as a road-
side wced liiat it canuot be omittcd from the Flora.

*1. S. officinale, Scop. ; LC. Prod. i. 191. An erect annual, more or
less pubescciit, a loot liigh or rather more, with very rigid sprcading branches.
Leaves deeply pinuatifid, with few lanceolate slightly tootlied lobes, the ter-
minal one 1 lo 1| in. long, the others smaller, often curved backwards towards

Sisymbriim.] viii. crucifek.?*;. 73

the stcm, the upper leaves sometimes undivided aud hastate. Flowers very
siiiall, yellow. Pods about ^ in. long, thick at the base, tapering to the
point, uiore or less hairy, ahnost sessile, aud closely pressed against the axis
iu long, slender, stiff racemes. — Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ. ii. t. 72.

S. Australia. Abuudant ou roadsides aad waste places about Adelaide, F. Mueller
ann others.

W. Australia, Drammond. lu both colonies, introduced froui Europe. The species
is souiewhat anomalous iu the geuus, the valves of the pod haviug a somewhat promineut
niidrib, aud the seeds in the lower broader part showiug two almost distiuct rows.

8. BLENNODIA, E. Br.

Sepals short, open, equal at the base or slightly saccate. Petals obovate,
or sliort and uarrow. Pod linear or linear-oblong (short iu a variety of B.
trisecta), terete or 4-angled, the valves very convex, without uerves or with a
prouiineut midrib ; septum membranous or ahnost spougy ; stigma capitate,
sessile or ou a very short style. Seeds obloug or ovoid, moreorless distinctly
2-rowed, uot bordered, wdieu soaked usually emitting a copious tibrous mucus ;
funicles free, tiliform. Cotyledons iucumbent. — Herbs or low undershrubs,
ghibrous or hoary-tomentose with simple or stellate hairs. Ijcaves eutire or
piunatifid. Plowers white, yellow, or pink, the racemes without bracts.

A genus liniited to extratropioal or subtropical Anstralia, ditferiug from Shymhrium, to
which souie species have beeu referred, iu the seeds never so corapletely overlapping each
other as to form a siugle row, aud geuerally iu the copious mucus of the seeds, which is
however not coustant in all the species. From Capsella it differs in the louger pod, and iu
the dissepiuient broader iu proportiou to the transverse diauieter of the pod.

Glahrous undershruls. Leaves or their Jobes Hnear-filiform. Pods
slender.

Lcaves eutire 1. B.filifolia.

Leaves mostly 3-cleft 3. J?. trisecta.

Annuals, glahrous or ivith simple hairs. Leaf-lobes narrow.
Pods slender, scarcely cohlracted at the hase.

Glabrous 'i. B. nasturtioides.

Hoary, with simple hairs \. B. eremigera.

Annuals, with stellate puhescence. Leaves pinnatifid or toothed.
Pods acute at the top and at the base ; valves verg conve.v.

Pod rather sleuder, ghibrous ^. B. cardaminoides.

Pod thicker in the middle, hirsute or stellately tomentose.
Petals scarcely exceeding the calyx.

Flowers yellow. Pedicels about as long as the pod . . . 6.-5. ctirvipes.
Plowers white. Pedicels much shorter than the pod . . 1. B. brevipes.
Petals twice as long as the calyx, white or pink.

Calyx about 1 liue loug 8. .B. lasiocarpa.

Calyx 2\ liues loug 9. .5. canescens.

Perennials, with stellate pubescence. Leaves toothed or pinna-
tifid. Pods acute at the top and at the base ; valves vei-i/
convex.

Hoary. Pod at least 5 times as long as broad 10. 5. Cunninghamii.

Nearly glabrous. Pod about 3 times as long as broad . . . \\. B. a/pestris.

1. B. filifolia, Benth. Shrubby at the base and peifectly glabrous, like
the B. triseda. Leaves solitary or clustered, liucar-filiform, eutire, raostly \
to 1 in. long. Flowcrs uot seeu. Fruitiug raceracs rather rigid, with spread-

74 VTii. ckucifer/t:. [Blennodia.

iug pedicels of 4 to 5 liues. Pods shortly stipitate above the calyx-scar,
slender, straight or slightly curved, seldoui above -i- iu. hnig, the stigma raised
ou a very short style ; valves promineutly 1-nerved. Seeds obovate, rather
hirger thau iu B. trisecta, emittiug a rather copious uuicihige. — Eri/simiim
fdifolium, F. Muell. iu LinntTca, xxv. 36 8 ; Siisyntbriiim fHfoliuM, F. Muell.
in Trans. PhiL Soc. Vict. i. 3-i.

S. Australia. Crystal Brook, F. Mueller.

2. B. trisecta, Benth. A perfectiy glabrous often glaucous undershrub
or ahnost a slirub, 1 to several ft. high. Leaves numerous, often clustered,
linear-tiliform, sometimes rather thick, divided iuto 3 (rareiy 2 or 5) uuequal
linear-tiliforra segments, the whole leaf seldom above 1 in. loug, except in
very luxuriant specimens. Flowers white, scented. Sepals 1 to l^ lines
long. Petals obovate, spreading. Pruiting raceme 4 to 6 iu. loug or rarely
more, with slightly spreading pedicels of \ io \ iu. Pod sessile ou the pe-
dicel, usually narrow-linear, 4 to 6 liues loug, but sometimes veiy short,
straight or curved, the stigma sessile or uearly so ; valves convex, with a
shMuler lougitudiual nerve. Seeds uumerous, small, obloug-ovoid, those
which I liave soaked scarcely emitting auv mucus. — Sisi/mbrinm trisectum, F.
IMuell. iu Traus. Yict. Inst. i. 114 ; Pl. Viet. i. 39.

N. S. 'Wales. Scrub ncar the Gwydir river, Mitchell ; Darling river, F. Mueller.

Victoria. Saudy clay-soil and dry liinestone plains of tlie Murray, F. Mueller.

S. Australia. Flindcrs Range, Murray river, aud in tlie inlerior N.W. of Speneer's
Gulf, F. Mueller ; Cooper's Crcek, Leichhardt.

Var. brarhijcarpa. These speciinens, collected iu M'Douall Stuart's Expcdition, are in
fruit only; the habit and foliage are precisely those of the comnion foi-m gathered \vith them,
but thc pods arc shortly oblong aud very turgid, about 2 liucs long ; they may possibly be
accideul;dly abnornial.

3. B. nasturtioides, Benth. A glabrous annual, the ceutral scape
ercct aud leafless, the Uiteral branches deeumbent at the base aud h'afy, from
2 or 3 in. to uearly 1 ft. loug. Leaves usually pinuately divided iuto a few
liuear rather thick segmeuts, the radical ones often 2 iii. loug, the others
much smaller. Flowcrs yellow, rather smaH. Fruiting racemes loose, 3 to
6 in. loug, with slender pcdicels. Pod narrow, 4 to 7 liues long, ncarly
straiglit and scarcely coutracted at the base ; stigma sessile or uearly so ;
valves slightly convex, the longitudinal ucrve very sleiuler and sometimes
quite inconspicuous. Seeds small, ovate, emittiug a cousiderable mucus
when soaked. — Eri/Himum nastnrtium., F. Muell. in Linnasa, xxv. 368 ;
Sisymbrinm nasturtioides, F. MuelL iu Trans. Vict. lust. i. 115; Pl. Vict.
i. 39.

N. S. 'Wales. Inundatcd plains ou Lachlan rivcr, A. Cumihigham.

Victoria. Plains of Miirray river, towards the junction of thc Darling, F. Mueller.

S. Australia. llill, llutt, aiul Rocky rivcrs, F. Muefler.

Yar. pinnatifida. Leaves sniall, on loug pctiolcs, with few short latci^al lobcs and a larger
tcrniinal one. — Iktwceu Darling and Lachlan rivers, Burkitl, sniall spccimeus in fruit ouly,
Ihe leaves mostly withercd.

4. B. eremigera, Benth. Annual and erect or brauehing aud decumbent
at the base, more or less haiiy with sliort siraple hairs, from a {^^ in. to l^
ft. high. Leaves deeply and iiTCgularly piunatifid, with few obloug-lineur or
linear, sometimes falcatc lobes. Flowers small, yellovv. Fruiting racemes

I

BleflHodia.] VIII. CRUCIFER.IC. 73

loose, 2 to -i iu. loug, witli slender spreadiug pedicels. Pods like those of
B. nastnrlioides, mostly about \ iu. long, slender, straight or curved, uot con-
tracted at the base ; stiguia sessile or nearly so ; valves with a slender nerve.
Seeds sniall, obloug-ovate, emitting mucus wheu soaked. — Sisyuibrium ereiiii-
ffenim, F. jMuell. Fragm. ii. 143.

Queensland. jMaraiioa river, Mifchell.

N. S. "Wales. Darlins river, Victorian Expedition.

5. B. cardaminoides, F. Mnell. Herb. (as a Sisi/nibrium). A sleuder
or small anuual like B. uaslurtioides, but more or less clothed with a minute
stellate pubescence, sometimes scarcely visible without a lens. Leaves pinna-
tifid,- the radical ones with rather uumerous sraall, ovate triaugular or lauceo-
late lobes, the terniinal ones contlueut, the lower ones becomiug distiuct seg-
meuts aloug the petiole ; stem-leaves few and small, with few short lobes.
riowers white (or pink?), the sepals barely 1 linc loug. Petals obovate,
twice as loug. Pruiting raceme loose aud sleuder, 2 to 4 in. loug, Avith
slender spreadiug pedicels. Pod 4 to 6 lines loug, scarcely 1 line broad,
usually curved, uarrowed towards the base, giabrous or witli a very minute
stellate tomentimi ; valves very couvex and keeled. Seeds small, ovate,
emittiug mucus when soaked.

N. S. Wales. Darling river, Victorinn E.rpeditlon.

Victoria. Saud-riclges aud heaths on the Gleiielg, F. Mueller, Rohertson.

S. Australia. Near Wellington, and other places near the mouth of thc Murray, -f.
Muetler.

Some imperfect dry specimens have a slight resemblance with the European Sisi/mbrium
Thatianum, to which F. Mueller vvas disposed to refer thera, but the lattcr plaut is really very
difFerent, having the undivided leaves, the flattened pods, the single-roucd seeds, and the
whole habit of an Arahis, wilh the cotyledons less decidedly incumbcnt than in other Si-
si/mbria.

6. B. curvipes, F. Mnell. in Trans. PJiil. Soc. Vict. i. 100, and Fl. Vict.
i. 42. A suiall but rather coarse annual, brauching from the base, seldom
above 6 to 8 in. liigh, hoary with a rather rough stellate or branchiug pubes-
cence. Leaves oblong-lanceolate or broadly linear, coarsely tootlied or eutire,
the radical oues about 1 in. long and uarrowed into a petiole, the upper oues
smaller. Flowers small, yellow, the petals scarcely longer than the» calyx.
Pruiting racemes loose, 2 to 4 in. loug. Pedicels spreading or curved, 4 to
6 liues. Pod curved, 4 to 5 lines long, turgid, l^ liue thick iu tlie middle,
tapering into a short style at the top, coutracted at the base, pubescent with
short steUate hairs ; valves very convex and keeled. Seeds fevv, ovate, exuding
mucus when soaked. — Erysimum cm'vipes, F. Muell. in Linnaea, xxv. 368.

Victoria. Sandy localities on the Murrav, towards the junction with the Darling, F.
Mnetter.

S. Australia. Crystal Brook, to the N. W. of Lake Torrcus, and about Speucer's
Gulf, T. Mueltir.

7. B. brevipes, F. Muell. in Trans.Phil. Soc. Vict. i. 100, and Pl. Vict.
i. 41. A coarse branching annual of 1 to 2 ft., hoary with a short stellate or
brauchiug pubescence. Leaves lyrate-piuuatitid, 1 to 2 in. long, petiohite,
with triaugular or lauceolate lobes, eutirc or scarcely toothed ; the upper
leaves smaller aud toothed ouly. Flowers very small, white, the petals
scarcely exceediug the calyx. Fruitiug racemes rigid, 3 to 4 in. loug, witk

76 VIII. CRUCiFERiE. [Blennodla.

erect, rigid pedicels of 1 to 2 liiies. Pods mostly about \ in. long, turgid, some-
what curved, tapering into a short style at the top, contracted at the base,
pubescent with stellate hairs ; valves very convex, but the midrib scarcely
(.'ouspicuous except at the base. Seeds fevv, ovate, hirge, but distinctly
ranged in 2 rows, the muciis very copious, with radiating fibres. — Ei-ysimnm
brcvipes, F. Muell. in Linnaea, xxv. 367.

Victoria. Barrea sandy localities on the Murray and its lower tributaries, F. Mueller.
S. Australia. Kocky Rivcr, and to the N. W. of Lake Torrens, F. Mueller.
Vir. Australia. South coast ?, Brummond, n. 128.

8. B. lasiocarpa, F. Muell. in Trans. PJiil. Soc. Vict. i. 100, and PI.
Vict. i. 4 0, t. 2. An annual, hoary with stellate pubescence, the central
scape short and erect, the lateral steras decumbent atid leafy at the base,
brauching aud attaiuing 1 ft. or more. Kadical leaves petiolate, lyrate-pin-
natifid, 1, 2, or even 3 in. long; stem-leaves smaller, pinnatifid, or the upper
oues toothed only. Flowers pink or white. Calyx about 1 line, petals
obovate, fully twice as long. Pruiting racemes loose, 2 to 4 in. long, with
divaricate pedicels of 4 to G lines. Pods not above ^ in. long, turgid, curved,
tapering at the top with a short slender style, contractcd at the base, hispid
with simple or stellate hairs ; valves very convex, with the raidrib scarcely
conspicuous. Seeds ovate, the mucus copious. — Eri/simim blennodioides, P.
Muell. in Linnaia, xxv. 367.

N. S. 'Wales. Darling river, Victorian Expedition.

Victoria. Arid sandy plains on the MiuTay and its lower tributaries, F. Mueller.

S. Australia. Towards Lake Alexandrina, Uildebrand ; Cooper's Creek, A. C. Gregory.

9. B. canescens, R. Br. in Jpp. Sturt. Exped. 4. Annual, but the
latpral branching stems apparently harder at tlfe base at the close of the
season, so as to be almost woody ; the wliole ph\nt lioary with a short, soft,
steUate pubescence. Leaves lanceokite or oblong-linear, the radical ones
about 2 in. long, pinnatifid and narrowed into a petiole, the upper ones
linear, toothed or entire. Flowers large, pink, resembliiig thosc of a Mat-
tliiola. Calyx 2i iines long, lioary. Petals fuUy twice as long, with long
claws. Fruiting racemes rather loose, 2 to 6 in. long, the pcdicels short,
slightly spreading. Pod linear, 1 to \\ in. long, slightly pubescent, with con-
vex valves, crowned by the krge, persistent stigma. Seeds oval-oblong,
smooth.

N. S. 'Wales. Darling river, Victorian Expedition.

S. Australia. Cooper's River, A. C. Gregory ; Elizabeth river, ncar Lake Torrens,
Hergott.

10. B. Cunninghamii, Benth. A tufted lierbaceous perennial, raore
or less hoary witli soft steUate hairs, occasionally mixed with simple ones ;
annual stems erect or decunibent at the base, from a few inclies to 1 ft. high,
slightly branched. Radical leaves petiolate, 1 to 2 in. long, oblong or lan-
ceokite, coarsely toothed or shortly pinnatifid ; stem-leaves few and small,
frora kmceolate to nearly obovate. Plowers small, apparently white. Fruit-
ing racemes loose, 2 to 4 in. long, with spreading pedicels. Pod 4 to 5 lines
iong, acute at the top and at the base, tipped by a very short subulate style,
pubescent with siraplc or stellate hairs, or ncarly glabrous ; valves very

Blennodia?\ viii. crucifer.t.. 77

convex, witli a prominent midrib. Seeds oval-oblong, smootli, tlie mucus
ratlier copious.

Queensland. Flats on the Maranoa, MitcheU.

M. S. ^Vales. Bathurst Plains and other parts of the iuterior of the colony, A . Ctin-
riingham, Fraser.

11. B. alpestris, F. Muell. m Trans. Phil. Soc. Fici. i. 100. A dwnif
herbaceous perennial, usually tufted, sometimes at first sight glabrous, but
almost ahvays more or less pubescent witii stellate hairs visible under a lens.
Floweriug stems rarely 6 in. liigh. Leaves chietiy radical, pctiolate, obovate-
oblong, with a few coarse teeth, rarely almost lyrate-pinnatifid, or sometimes
nearly entire, f to 2 in. long ; stem-leaves few and narrow. Flowers white
or piuk, often tinged witli purple. Sepals nearly 1 line, petals about twice as
long. Fruiting racemes ratlier dense, 1 to 3 in. long, with rigid spreading
pedicels. Pod glabrons or nearly so, slightly curved, about 3 lines long and
1 line broad in the middle, tapering at the top and the base, the valves vcry
convex and raarked with a strong midrib. Seeds ovate, elegantly reticulate,
exuding a rather thin coat of mucus when soalced. — CajpseUa blennodina, F.
Mueli. Pl. Yict. i. 42.

N. S. Wales. Ranges near Bathurst, W. Wools.

Victoria. Subalpine grassy meadows at the sources of the Murray and Snowy rivers,
F. 3IneUer.

As observcd by Dr. jMueller, this species certainly connects Blennodia with CapseUa, but
the habit and the broader septum in relation to the trausverse diameter of the pod, appear
to me to connect it much more with the former geuus, where he had first placed it, than with
the lattei", to which he subsequently referred it.

9. STENOPETALUM, R. Br.

Sepals narrow, erect, equal at the base. Petals shortly lanceolate above
the clavv, tapering to a point, often long and twisted. Pod globular, ovoid,
or shortly linear, the valves very convex, nsually without any conspicuous
nerve ; septura membranous ; stigma globular, sessile or rarely on a very
short style. Seeds several, small, in 2 rows, not bordered, with free fili-
form funicles ; cotyledons incumbent. — Annuals, usually slender and gla-
brous, rarely tomentose and more rigid. Leaves liuear. Flowers orange-
yellow or white.

The genus is limited to Australia.

Pods erect, 2 to 4 times as long as broad.

Hoary tomentose. Pedicels as loug as the pod. Petals 3 times

as long as the calyx 1. 5. velutinnm.

Glabrous or slightly tomentose. Pedicels shorter thau the pod.

Petals about twice as long as the calyx 2. S. linearc.

Glabrous. riowers ahnost sessile. Petals more than twice as

long as the calyx 3. S.Jilifolium.

Pods spreading or peudulous, globular or ovoid.

Sepals scarcely 1 line, petals not twice as loug 4. 5. spharocarpum .

Sepals 14 liue or more, petals more than twice as long.
Pedicels slender, 2 or 3 times as long as the sepals.

Slightly hoary with appressed hairs. Leaves entire or re-

motely toothed 5. 5. nutans.

Glabrous. Lower leaves mostly pinnatifid 1. S. pediceUare,

Pedicels shorter than the sepals &. S. robustvm.

78 VIII. CRUCiFEii.E. [StenopetalHm.

1. S. velutinum, F. Mndl. Pl. Vict. i. 49. Erect aiid ratlier rijj;id, 1
to li ft. hijjli, white or hoary with a very short stellate toineiituiu, which dis-
appears from the older leaves aud the base of the steiu. Leaves uarrow-
linear, rather thick, entire or with a few minute distaut teeth, the iower ones
li to 2 in. loug, the upper oues much shortcr. Flowers erect, ou pedicels
about as loug as the calyx. Sepals about 2 lines long, tomeutose. Petals
yellowish, the loug slender point fully 3 timcs as long as the calyx. Fruiting
pedicels erect, 3 to 5 lines loug. Pod elliptical-oblong or alraost ovnid, about
3 lines long, verv turgid, glabrous ; valves nerveless ; ovides 8 to 12 in each
cell.

N. S. 'Wales. Tributaries of the Darling, Bowman ; near Mr. Mawsoii's llobleck
station, Lnchhardt.

Victoria. Barreu localities on tlie ^lurray, rare, T. Mueller.

S. Australia. Bctvveen Stokes rauge and Cooper^s Creek, Wheeler.

2. S. lineare, U. Br. In DC. Syst. Veg. ii. 513. Usually erect, slender,
little branched and quite glabrous, \ to l^ feet high. Leaves few, narrow-
linear, 1 to l^ in. long, entire or occasionally pinuatifid, with 1 or 2 short
linear lobes on each side. Flowers sraall. Sepals uot l^ liue long. Petals
of a browuish-yellow, the narrow-linear exserted portiou not longer thau tlie
sepals. Pruiting racemes slender but rigid, with erect pedicels not half so
long as the pod. Pods erect, oblong, 2 to 3 lines loug and scarcely 1 line
broad, glabrous, the valves usually showing the niidrib. Seeds 8 to 12 in
each cell, small, ovate, smooth. — Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 618 ; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm.
i. 22; F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 49.

N. S. "Wales. Intcrior of tte Colouy, A. Cunningham ; between Darling and Lach-
lan rivers, Barlciit.

Victoria. Sandy and rocky shores of Port Phillip and '\Vilsou's Promontory, Murray
desert and saudy localities near Mount M'Ivor, T. Mueller.

Tasmania. South Esk rivcr, thirty miles from Launceston, Gunn.

S. Australia. Near Adelaide, F. Mueller.

TV. Australia, Brummond, n. 680.

Var. rane.^icens. A low branching more robust form, thc youug shoots slightly hoary
with a minute steUate pubcscence, aud the lcavcs rathcr thickcr. — Port Phillip, F.
Mueller.

3. S. filifolium, Bentk. A very sleuder, erect, gUibrous annual, 1 to l^
ft. higli, pauicuhitely branched in tlie upper part. Leaves few, in our speci-
niens filiform aud entire, the longest l^ in. loug. Racemes slender, erect, 3 to
6 iu. long. Flowers very nearly scssile, small, and apparcntlyyellow. Sepals
scarcely Hlineslong. Petals wheu opened oiit ncarly 5 lines, including the
claw and long point. Pods oblong, l^ to nearly 3 lines long, f to 1 line
broad, the valves very convex and without auy nerve, the pedicels seldom 1
line aud often not \ iinc long. Ovules 6 to 8 in each cell.

yjV. Australia, Brummond, \st CoU.

4. S. sphserocarpum, i\ Muell. in Trans. Phil. Soc. Vict. i. 35, and
Pl. Vict. i. 50. A slcnder glabrous aunual, erect or branching aud decum-
bent at the base, from a few inches to 1 ft. high. Leaves few, sniall, uarrow-
linear, entu'e or decply divided into 3 to 5 uarrow-buear lobes. Flovvers
very small, on recurvcd pedicels of nearly 1 liue. Sepals uot above 1 line
long. Lainina of thc petals scarcely longer. Fruiting racemes slender, oue-

Slenopetalum.'] viii. crucifer^t:. 79

sided, with reciirved pedicels of 2 to 3 lines. Pod iiearly globular, l^ to 2
lines long, and often ratlier narrower ; valves very convex, witliout any con-
spicuous nerve. Ovides 6 to 8 in each cell. Seeds few, exuding abundant
mucus when soaked.

Victoria. Sterile, chicfly huniid, sandy plaius on the Murray, F. MueUer.
S. Australia. Ncar Lake AlexauJrina, Barossa Eange, Crystal Brook, and arouud
Spenccr's GuU', F. Mueller.
S. Australia, Brtimmond.

5. S. nutans, F. J\[uell. Tragiii. iii. 27. An erect annua], about 5 in.
high in the singie specimen seen, slightly hoary with appressed hairs. Leaves
linear, entire or remotely toothed, about 1 in. long, narrowed. at each end.
Racemes loose. Pedicels much longer than the calyx, slender, erect when in
flower, reflexed when in fruit. Sepalsabout l^ line long. Petals with a fili-
forra point of 4 or 5 lines. Pod broadly oval-oblong, about 4 lines long, very
turgid, glabrous, ripening 3 or 4 seeds in each cell.

5. Australia. Between Stoke's Range and Cooper's Creek, F. Wheeler {a singJe
spechnea in Herb. 3hieller).

6. S. robustum, Endl. in Hueg. Enum. 4. A glabrous, erect, and
branching annnal, in the original form stout, 1 to 2 ft. high, with rigid,
spreading branches, in. the more common variety slender, \ to 1| ft. higli,
with more erect branches. Leaves few, linear, entire or the lower ones pin-
natitid, with 1 to 3 narrow lobes on each side. Racemes rigid or slender,
somewhat one-sided, with spreading or recurved pedicels, not longer than the
calyx when in flower, often rather longer than the pod wlien in fruit. Calyx
l^ to near 2 liues long. Petals orange or white, the lamina more or less
hmceolate at the base, tapering to a point often 3 lines long. Pods spreading
or pendulous, rarely nearly erect, from nearly globular to sliortly ovoid, l^ to
2 liues long, but rarely above \\ lines broad. Ovules 6 to 8 in each cell.
Seeds few, with not near so much mucus as tliose of S. spharocarpum. — Hook.
Ic. Pl. t. 620; S. gracile, Bunge, in PI. Preiss. i. 257; 'S'. croceum and S.
minns, Bunge, I. c. 2.58.

TV. Australia. Yasse river and Murchison river, Oldfield, the only specimens that
quite agree with Eudlicher's description ; the more slender variety apparently much more
commou ahout Swan River, Drnmmond, n. 679, Preiss, n. 1936, 1938, 1939, and others.

7. S. pedicellare, -F. Muell. Heib. Habit, stature, and foliage of the
slender varieties of S. robustum, but still more slender. Racemes very loose,
with filiform pedicels longer than the calyx from the first, and i to | in. loug
when in fruit. Calyx ratlier more than 1 line long. Petals apparently ycilow,
with a filiform point of 5 to 6 lines. Pod nearly of 'S'. robustum, globular or
ovoid, hut I never find more than 4 ovules in each cell.

■W. Australia. ^lurchison river, Oldfield.

10. GEOCOCCUS, J. Drumm.

Sepals short, spreading, equal at the base. Petals small. Pod oblong,
slightly compressed, obtuse, the valves convex, with a prominent midrib ;
stigma sessile, entire. Seeds few, the two scries rathcr distinct, oblong, not

80 VIII. CRUCIFER.E. [Geococciiis.

bordered, witli loiig funicles ; cotyledons iiicumbent. — A stcmlcss lierb, with
radical pinnately-divided leaves, ripening its pods underground.

The genus is liraited to the following species.

1. G. pusillus, /. Dnmm. m Hook. Keio Jonrn. vii. 52. A stemless,
tufted annual. Leaves all radical, spreading, l^ to 3 in. long, pinnately
divided, with triangidar or shortly lanceolate lobes, the lower ones distinct,
the ultimate ones confluent. rioweis in our specimens imperfect, on short,
erect, radical peduncles. Petals, according to Drummond, ol)long, not
clawed, shorter than the caljni;. Fruiting peduncles lengthening to froni \ to
1 in., recurved so as to bury the pod in the ground. Our pods are irre-
guhu-ly ripened.

^V. Australia. Northern districts, on the limestone part of Conolly's Station, Drxim-
tnond.

This curious little plant, unknown from any other locality, may possibly prove to be a
condition of some species haviug usually dimorphous tlo^vers, in which the more perfect ones
are not develo])ed. If so, it may very likely be a Blennodia, of somc spccies of which it
has the radical leaves.

11. MENKEA, Lehm.

Sepals spreading, equal at the base. Petals short, clawed. Pod broadly
oval or linear-oblong, obtuse, very ilat ; the valves qnite flat, 1-nerved, with
reticulate veins ; septum none or vcry narrow, bordcring the replum ; stigma
sessilc. Seeds numerous, very small, in two series, suspendcd from free
capillary funicles along tlie replum ; cotyledons incumbent. — Small annuals.
Leaves few, linear, entire. Flowers small, white.
The genus is endemic in W. Australia.

Pods ovate, about 2 lines long, in loose slender racemes \. M. msiralis.

Pods narrow-oblong, 4 to 5 liues loiig, in short deuse racemes . . . 2. M. draboides.

1. M. australis, Lelm. in Ind. Seem. Hort. Hamb. 1843, 8. A small,
slender, glabrous aunual, branching at the base, very much resembling
Capsella procumbens. Radical leaves linear-obloug or lanceolate, entire or
with 1 or 3 coarse teeth, about \ inch long inchuling the petiole ; stem-
leaves small and few. Plowers white, very minute, the sepals about \ liue
long, the petals but little longer, with the lamina obovate or obloug. Fruit-
ing racemes loose and slender, with filiform pedicels of 3 to 4 lines. Pods
ovate, about 2 lines long. — Bunge, in PI. Preiss. i. 259 ; Stenopetalum pro-
cumbens, Hook. Ic. PI. t. 610 ; Menkea procumbens, F. Muell. Fragm. ii.
142 ; PI. Vict. i. 222.

N. S. "Wales. Darling rivor, F. MneUer.

Victoria. iSlurray desert, F. Mueller.

W. Australia, Dnmnnond, Coll. 1843 n. 87 and 90; Freiss, n. 1937.

2. M. draboides, Hook.f. A smaller plant than M. australis, the steras
seldom exceeding 2 in., but more robust and branching. Radical leaves
about i in. long, lincar-oblong or lanceolate. Flowers small, with obovate-
oblong pctals, apparently yellowish. Fruiting racemes short and dense, Tvith
pedicels of 1 to 2 lines. Pod narrow-oblong, acute at the base, 4 to 5 lines
long and 1 to l^ lines broad. — Stenopetalum draboides, Hook. Ic. PI. t. 617 ;
Menkea australis, F. Muell. Fragm. ii. 142, not Lehm.

W. Australia, Brummond, Coll. 1843.

VIII. CRrCIFERiE. 81

13. CAPSELLA. Moencli.

(Microlepidium, F. Muell.)

Sepals spreading, equal at the base. Petals sliort. Pod ovoid or oblong,
laterally compressed or nearly terete, the valves very turgid or boat-shaped,
keeled, the septum thin ; style short or stigma sessile. Seeds several, in 2
rows, not bordered, on free funicles ; cotyledons incumbent or rarely accum-
bent. — Sraall or weak annuals. Eadical leaves rosulate, entire or lobed.
Racemes slender, with small white flowers.

A small genus dispersed over the temperate regions of both the northern and southern
hemispheres. Two of the following specics are exclusively Australian. The genus is nearly
allied to Blennodia, but the pod is shorter aud more compressed laterally, the septum beiiig
usually narrower than the transverse diameter.

Pod elliptical or ovoid, not much compressed, obtuse or acute at the

top.
Plant glabrous. Pod many-seeded, the septum about 3 times as

long as broad 1. C. procumbens.

Plant minutely pubescent. Pod few-seeded, the septum not twice

as long as broad 2. C anstralis.

Pod lateraUy compresscd, cuneate or ovate, emarginate or broadly

truncate at the top.
Plant much branched, of 1 to 2 iu. Pod ovaloblong, emarginate,

with rounded lobes and few seeds 3. C. 'pilositla.

Plant little branched, ^ to 14 ft. Pod cuneate-triangular, with

numei'ous seeds • C.Bursa-pastoris {^1.^2).

1. C. procumbenS) F^-ies, Novit. Fl. Suec. Mant. i. 14. A sniall,
slender, glabrous, decumbent, and much-branched annual, seldom exceeding
G in., and often not 2 in. high. Leaves frora lanceolate to nearly ovate, the
lower ones petiolate, pinnatifid or toothed, rarely exceeding 1 in., the upper
ones smaller, often linear and entire. Flowers white, very sraall, the petals
scarcely exceedingthe calyx. Fruiting racemes loose, with filiform spreading
pedicels of 2 to 4 lines. Pod ovoid, 1| to 2 lines long, the valves very
convex and boat-shaped, the septum 3 or 4 times as long as broad, and
considerably narrower than the transverse diameter of the fruit. Seeds
usually 10 to 12 or sometimes more in each cell. — Eeichb. lc. FJ. Germ,
ii. t. 11 ; Hutckinsia procunibens, R. Br , DC. Syst. Veg. ii. 390 ; Hook.
f. Pl. Tasm. i. 22 ; CapseUa elliptica, C. A. Mey. Verz. Pfl. Cauc. 194 ;
P. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 43 ; Stenopetalum incisafolium, Hook. f. in Hook. Ic.
Pl. t. 276.

Victoria. Boggv, slightly saline places around Port Phillip Bay, and on the Murray,
F. Mueller.

Tasmania. BIackman's River, on the road to Hobarton, Gunn.

S. Australia. Near St. Vincent's Gulf and Lake Alexandriua, F. Mueller ; Guichea
Bay, H. Edwards.

W. Australia. Brummond, Uh Coll. n. 129.

A commou plaut in the northern hemispheie, especially arouud the Mediterranean aud in
Western aud Central Asia, found also ia N.W. America and in extratropical S. America.

2. C. australis, HooTc. f. A small annual, very near C. procumbens,
and perhaps a variety only. It is usually still smaller, and sprinkled with a
minute stellate pubescence. Poliage the sarae. Flowers rather larger. Pod

VOL. I. G

82 VIII. ciiuciFER^E. [Capsella.

elliptical-ovate, aboiit 2 lincs \ow^, aiid less compressed tlian in C. procmnbens,
the septiim not twice as long as broad, and as broad at least as the transverse
diameter of the fruit. Ovules usually 6 to 8 in cach cell, of which only 3 or
4 come to maturity. — HutcJiuma anstra/is, Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 23, t. 4 ;
Cajjselta antlpoda, F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 44.

Victoria. IMoiint Macedon, summit of Mount Alexander, and in the Black Forest,
F. Mueller.

Tasmania. Not unfrequent in dry stony places, but casily overlooked, /. B. Ilouker.

Bral}apiimilio, II. Br. in DC. Syst. Veg. i. 353, from thc miuute specimeus in the Baiiksian
herbariura appears to be cither C. procumbens or C. australis, in a very young dwarf state.

3. C. pilosula, jF. Mtiell. Pl. Vict. i. 44. A small erect annual, pu-
bescent with short simple or stellate hairs, Avith numerous ])ranehes, often de-
cumbent at the base, 1 to 3 in. high. Leaves small, obovate or lauceolate,
entire, toothed or \vith a few lobes. Flowers small, white. Fruiting racemcs
rather rigid, with spreading pedicels shorter than the pod. Pods oval-oblong
or cuneate, emarginate with short, rounded, but not winged lobes, laterally
corapressed, about 2 lines long, glabrous, the stigraa sessile in the notch ;
septum narrow, very thin ; valves boat-shaped and keeled, but not winged.
Ovules 6 to 8 in each cell. Seeds few, without nnicus when soaked. —
Microlepidium pilosulum, F. Muell. in Linnaea, xxv. 371.

Victoria. Sandy desert, on the Murray, rare, F. Muellei . I find the pod-valves hollow
lo the top in this species as in C. Bursa-pastoris.

C. Bursa-pastoris, Moench ; DC. Prod. i. 177 ; Reichb. Ic. Fl. Gcrm. ii. t. 11, an erect
annual, oftcu above a foot high, the radical leaves usually spreading and pinnatifid, those of
thc stem few, narrow, clasping with projectiug auricles, the pods triaugular-cuueatc, mucli
compressed in a long loose racenie ; of Europcan or Asiatic origin, but now one of thc com-
moncst weeds ncarly all over the globe without the tropics, has also established itself in
cultivated places in scveral of the Australian colonies.

13. SENEBIERA, Poir.

Sepals short, spreading, equal at the base. Petals short. Pod laterally
compressed, orbicular or broader than long, either indehiscent or separating
into two nuts, each with a single seed. Enibryo bent in a circle, or the ra-
dicle incumbent on the back of tlie cotyledons, but with the bend above the
attenuated base of the cotyledons, not at their junction with the radicle. —
Annuals or bicnnials, rauch branchcd and usually prostratc. Leaves entire or
pinnately divided. Flowcrs very small, in short leaf-opposcd raceraes.

Thcre are several species dispcrsed over the warm as well as the tcmperate regions both
of the New and the Old World, and raorc cspecially ncar the sca, t]ie following ones cxtend-
ing to Australia.

Pods 1 linc broad, slightly wriulded, ou slendcr pcdicels.

Leavcs linear, entirc 1. S. inlegrifolia.

Leavcs pinnate 2. S. didyma.

Pods 2 lines broad, deeply wrinkled, scssile or ncarly so . . . S. Coronopus (p. 83).

1. S. integrifolia, BC. in Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Par. an 7, 144, i. 8,
und Syat. Ve(j. ii. 5 22. A rigid, glabrous, soraewliat glaucous annual (or bi-
enuial ?), usually decmnbent, and very mucli branched. Leaves linear, usually
acute, ^ to 1 in. long or rather more, narrowed into a petiole, quite entire or

Senebiera.'] viii. crucifer.e, 83

very rarely with 1 or 2 small teeth. Flowers very small and numerous, in
termiiial or leaf-opposed racemes usually much longer than the lcaves ; pedi-
cels slender, rarely exceeding 1 line. Pods like those of S. didyma, of the
same size, and reticulate when young, becoming often warted or even corky
wlieu ohl. — S. linoides, DC. ; Harv. and Sond. FL Cap. i. 27.

Queensland. Bird Island, Wreck reef, Denham.

Tbe species has a wide raiige on tlie seacoasts of S. Africa and Madagascar, and we have
it also from Pratas and other islands of the Chinese seas. S. mexicana, Hook. aad Aimi.
Bot. Beech. 276, is the same plant, but was probably gathered in the islands of Loo Choo
or Bonin, and not in Mexico.

2. S. didyma, Pers. Syn. ii. 185. A much-branched, prostrate annual,
spreading on the ground froni 6 in. to 1 ft. or more, glabrous, or with a few
long loose hairs. Leaves pinnately divided into 7 to 11 narrow segments,
which are usually again cut into 2 to 4 unequal linear or lanceohite lobes, the
lower leaves often once pinnate, with oblong or obovate, entire or shortly
lobed segments. Flowers very small and numerous, in leaf-opposed racemes,
which seldom, even in fruit, exceed the leaves, the pedicels slender, 1 to 3
lines loug. Pods about f line long and 1 line broad, wrinkled, formed of 2
ovoid distinct lobes, which separate into 1-seeded nuts wben ripe. — Eeichb.
Ic. FL Germ. ii. t. 9 ; S. pinnatifida, DC. Syst. Veg. ii. 523; Prod. i. 203.

A common weed in sandy soiL especially uear the sea, in all warm countries, perhaps in-
digenous to N. Australia, aud now established in the neighbourhood of towns in almost all
the Colonies.

S. Coronopus, Poir., DC. Prod. i. 203, with rather coarser foliage, the fiowers and fruits
sessile or nearly so aloug the rhachis of the raceme, and pods about 2 liues diameter, nearly
orbicular, very much wrinkled and iudehisceut, a very common European weed, is meu-
tioned by F. Mueller as introduced into Victoria, but I have not seen Australian specimeus.

14. LEPIDIUM, Linn.

(Monoploca, Bunge.)
Sepals short, equal at the base. Petals short, equal, sometimes wanting.
Pod ovate or shortly oblong, rarely orbicular, usually niuch compressed late-
rally and notched at the top, the valves boat-shaped, keeled or winged, the
septum narrow ; style filiform or stigma sessile. Seeds solitary in cach cell,
suspended from the top of the septum with a free funicle ; cotyledons incum-
bent in all except one species not Australian. — Herbs, undershrabs, or even
sraall shrubs, very variable in habit. Leaves in the Australian species narrow
or entire. Flowers small, white, the racemes without bi-acts.

A large genus, spread over the tempcrate and warmer regions of the giobe, but not alpine
and scarcely Arctic. Of the foUowing species, one has a very wide geographical rauge, the
othersare confiued to Australia, although oue has nearly allied reprcsentatives iu the Pacific
islands. For the opportuuity of inspecting original specimens of the Lepidia published by
Desvaux, I am indebted to the kinduess of M. La Vallee, of Paris, the present possessor of
his herbarium.

Leaves all quite entire. Pod usually conspicuously wiuged.

Leaves broadly ovate or orbicular \. L, stronffijlophyllum.

Lcaves linear or lanceolate.

Leaves liuear-lanceolate. Sepals fully 2^ lines long. Pod

with 2 acute lobes 2. L. Unifolium.

Leaves narrow-linear. Sepals 2 lincs or less. Pod-lobes
obtuse or verj- smaU.

G 2

8i VIII. CRUCIFER.B. [Lepidium.

Petals liiiear. Sepals 2 lines. Stem shrubby .... 3. Z. leptopetahm.
Potals obloiig or ovatc. Sepals l-l^ lines. Stem her-
baceous.
Lobes of the pod longer than the style (about 1 linc).

Valvcs wingrcd to the base 4. Z. rotundum.

Lobes of the pod shorter than the style (not 4 line).

Valves scarcely winged 5. Z. phlebopetalum.

Petals none. Stauiens 4. Pod-wings alraost united with

the style 6. Z. movoplocoides.

Leaves mostly toothed or lobed. Flowers vcry small. Pod-
wings sraall or nonc, cxcept in Z. papillosum.
Petals noue. Leavcs narrow-lincar, the upper or.es aurided.
Stenis papillose. Stamens 4. Pod about 2 lines long, with

2 short lobes or wings 1 . L. jmpillosnm.

Stenis glabrous. Leaves linear or cuneate, not auriclcd, the
radical oues piuuatilid. Stameus 2. Podabout l^ liucs,

scarcely lobed 9. Z. ruderale.

Petals 4, minute. Leaves oblong-cuneatc. Stamens 6. Pod

2\ to 3 lines long, with distinct lobes 8. L.foliosum.

1. L. (?) strongylophyllum, F. Muell. Herb. Apparently slirabby,
quite glal)roiis, witli tlie bninchcs demuled at the base. Leaves in the upper part
of the brauches, broadly ovatie or iiearly orbicular, or the upper ones clliptical-
obloug, i to f in. long, entire, rather thick, narrowed iuto a short petiole.
Flowcrs uuknown. Fruiting raceiue evidently dense, with spivadiug pedicels
of about 2 lines, the thick rhachis 1 to near 2 in. long. Pods only kuown
by the persistent rcpliim, which is obloug-lanceolate, nearly 3 liues loiig, f line
broad in the centre, termiuating in a subulate style of about 1 liue, and the
scars of a funicle on each side at the upper angle of the repUun show that
there had bccn a single peudulous seed in each ccU as in otlicr Lejiidia.

S. Australia. Mount Vision, on the clay-slate in the N.W. interior, M'BouaU
l^luart. A vcry rcmarkable species, of which the small remains of a pod iu one of the
si)ccimcns {IIIj. F. Murll.) have heeu bardy sudicicnt to give a cluc to the gcnus.

2. L. linifolium, Benth. Glabrous aud erect, 1 to l^ ft. high or more.

Lcaves lauceolate or linear-laiiceolate, acute, 1 to 2 inches loug, entire, uar-

rowcd into a petiolc. Flowers large for the genus, apparently pink or lilac.

Sepals 2^ lines. Petals uearly twice as long, obovate. Fruitiug racemes

loose, with semi-erect or at length sprcadiug pedicels of 4 to 5 lines. Pod

witliout the wiugs nearly orbicular, rathcr more than 3 lines diameter, very flat,

thc wings at the top formiug a triangular, erect, acute lobe nearly 2 lines long ;

the subulate style about half their length in the sinus, which is very open.

Sc(rds compressed. Cotyledons Xmear.—Lepia linifolia, Desv. Journ. Bot.

iii. 160 and 181 ; Iberis linearifolia,J)C. Syst. Veg. ii. 405.

W. Australia. Sharks Bay, Herb. Mus. Par. ; Flinders Bay, CoUie ; Jlurchison
river, Sanfnrd.

3. L. leptopetalum, F. Muell. Pl. Vid. i. 48. A low, scrubbv, much-
branclicd sluul). (|mlc glabrous. Leaves linear, thick and succideut, almost
scmuerctc, the longcr oncs i to 1 in. long, those of the side branches much
smaller. Sepals about 2 liues long. Petals scarcely longer, linear, often
almost subulate. Stamens 6. Fndting raccmes sliort aud loose, with
spr-ading pedicels 2 to 3 lines long. Pod verv flat, oval-clliptical, about 3

Lepidium.'] \iii. cuucifer^. 85

lines long ; dorsal wings extending at least halfway down the valves, and
fonning at the top of the pod two shoit obtuse lobes, the subulate style pro-
jecting imich beyond thera. Seeds much compressed, exuding a viscous biit
clear mucilage wheu soaked. — Monoploca leptopetala, F. Muell. in Trans.
Phil. Soc. Vict. i. 35.

N. S. Wales. Darliug river, F. Mueller.

Victoria. Hifjh barren limestone rocks of the Murray, and in the surrounding district,
F. Mneller.

4. L. rotundum, 2)6'. Sy.^t. Veg. ii. 537; Prod. i. 205. Glabrous
and erect or branchiug and decunibent at the base, 3 to 6 in. or rarely nearly
1 ft. high. Leaves linear, obtuse or rarely acute, seldom above 1 iu. long,
quite eiitire, narrowed into a petiole. Flowers small, white. Sepals about 1
liiie. Petals obovate, rather longer. Fruiting racemes rigid, 2 to 4 in. long,
with spreading pedicels of about two lines. Pod nearly orbicidar, without
the wings about two lines diameter, and not so flat as in L. linifolium; dorsal
wings of the valves conlinued to their base, but much broader at the top,
where they form two obtuse lobes at least 1 line long ; style from \ to | their
leiigtli in the sinus, which is usually narrow. — Hook. Ic. PI. t. 609 ; Lepia
rotunda, Desv. Journ. Bot. iii. 166 and 181 ; Monoploca rotunda, Bunge, in
PI. Preiss. i. 260; Monoploca linifolia, Bunge, I. c, without the synonyms.

V^. Australia. Svvan River, Brummond, Preiss, n. 1941 and 2070 ; Princess Royal
Harbour, Ma.rwell ; ^lurchisou river, Ohlfield.

5. L. phlebopetalum, F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 47. Yery closely allied to
L. rotundum, aiul perhaps a variety only, scarcely diftering from it except in the
pod, which is orbicular-ovate, 2 to 2| lines long, with an exceedingly narrow
wing extending about halfway down the back of tlie valves, and iorming at
the top two minute lobes, often not \ line and seldom \ line long; with the
very slender small style projecting from between them. lu some specimens,
however, of Burkitfs the lobes ofthe pod and proportions of the style are in-
termediate betvveen this and Ij. rotundum. — Monoploca phlehopetala, F.
Muell. in Linnaea, xxv. 869.

N. S. TVales. Darliug river, F. Mueller. Between the Lachlau and Darling river,
Burkitt.

Victoria. Barreu localities on the Murray, F. Mueller.

5. Australia. Rocky Creek, F. 3Iueller ; N.W. interior, M^BouaU Stvart.

6. L. monoplocoides, F. Muell. in Trans. PJul. Soc. Vict. i. 33, and
Pt. Vict. i. 47. An erect, branching annual, of about 6 in., glabrous or
slightly rough with miiuite papillse. Leaves narrow-Iinear, entire and not
auricled, the lower ones sometimes 2 in. long, but mostly ^ to 1 in. Flowers
very minute, without petals and with only 4 stamens. Fruiting racemes 2 to
3 in. long, with rigid, rather spreading, flattened pedicels, of l\ to 2 lines
Pod orbicular, searcely 2 lines long, flat, winged all round, the wings united
with the style at the top, and projecting beyond it in 2 minute, connivent,
acute lobes, forming a short point to the pod. Seeds with a viscid, clear
luucus, as in several of the preceding species.

N, S. Wales. Darliug river, F. Mueller.

Victoria. Mallee scrub, ou the Jlui-ray, towards its junctiou with the Murrumbidgee,
F. Mueller.

86 VIII. CKUCiFERiE. [Lepidium.

7. 1«. papillosam, T. M/ieU. iu Linurra, xxv. 370, (ntd Pl. Fict. i. 46,
An erect, branehiiiii; auniuil, \isualiy under 6 in., but, according to F. Mueller,
sonietimes 1 ft. higli or niore, the stems covered witli little transparent papillas,
and exhaling an un])leasant scent. Radical leavcs petiolate, often 2 in. long
or more, liuear-oblong, coarsely toothed or iiTegularly pinnatifid, the upper
ones lanceolate or linear-cuneate, with a few reniote teeth, and clasping the
stem by their auricled base, ^ to 1 in. long, and all glabrous. Flowers very
small, without petals, and witli only 4 stamens. Fruiting racenies mostly 2
to 4 in. long, with rigid, flatteued, rather spreading pedicels, of about 2 lines.
Pod obovate, about 3 lines long, the valves winged only above the middle, form-
ing 2 rouudcd termiual lobcs, a little more than ^ liue long, witli the stigma
sessile in the rather narrow sinus. Seeds exuding a viscid, clear mucilage in
great abundance.

N. S. Vrales. luterior of the colony, A. Cuntdngham. Between the Darling and
Lachlau rivers, BnrkiH.

Victoria. Murray dcsert, in scveral localities, F. MueUer.

S. Australia. In fjreat nunibers on the barren hills and plains near Crystal Brook,
Rocky River, and to the N.W. of Spcncer's Gulf, F. Mueller ; between Stokes' Range and
Cooj)cr's Crcek, Wheeler.

8. L. foliosum, Desv. Joiirn. Bot. iii. 164 and 180; DC. Prod. i. 20G.
A low, straggling, glabrous herb, apparently perennial, witli hard irregularly
divaricate branches, sonietimes attaining 2 feet, but often very much smaller.
Leavcs mostly oblong-cuneate, i to 1 in. long, bnt sometimes lanceolate or
almost linear and nearly 2 in. long, or short and obovate, usually with a few
coarse teeth at the top, sometimes toothed frora the base or pinnatifid with
short entire or cveu toothed lobes, usually narrowed below the middle, but
always with a broad half-stcm-clasping base, and soinetimes auriclcd. Flowers
very small. Petals on short slender claws, with a minute white ovate lamina.
Fruiting racemcs 2 to 3 in. long, often becoming lateral by the elongatiou of
leafy shoots, with spreading pedicels of about 2 lines. Pods ovate or ellipti-
cal, f\at, 2^ to 3 liues long, sometimes almost wingless, but usually the vevy
narrow wings form 2 minute, obtuse, ternunal points, between which is the
very short style. Seeds exudiug a not very tluck mucilaginous coat. — L.
cuneifoliuni, DC. Syst. Veg. ii. 545 ; llook. f". Pl. Tasm. i. 25 ; L. impressum,
lUmge, iu Pl. Preiss. i. 260.

N. S. Wales. Lord IIowe's Islaud, near the coast, and iu waste placcs, 3Ulne,
M'Gi//iira>/.

Victoria. On the seacoast, Ilarvey.

Tasmania. On thc scacoast, iu various places round the island, and iu Ihe islands of
Ba>s's Straits, ./. /). llooker.

S. Australia. Kaugaroo Tsland, Bernier. {IT5. Mue//.)

W. Australia. Frccniaullc, Co//ie, Preiss, n. 1942.

This spccics is ehiefly distiuguished froni L. rudera/e by its coarser habit, usualiy broadcr
leavcs aud more ])erfcct llowcrs, and l)y the pods usually twice the size. It rcj^rescuts in
Austraha Ihc L. pmuliiim of thc Pacific Islands, which has a uearly similar pod and flowers,
but most of its leavcs arc narrowcd into a petiole, without thc broad stem-cUispiug base of
thc Australian plaut.

9. L. ruderale, Litin. ; DC. Prod. i. 205. An annual, biennial, or
sonietunes perennial, glabrous or with a few niinute scattered haii-s, com-
mencmg to llower when very small, but growing out to 1 or even 2 ft., with

Lepidium.'] viii. crucifek-E, 87

hard steras, and numcrous divaricate, tliin, wiry branches. Radical leaves
once or twice pinnatifid, with narrow-linear lobes, but soon decaying ; stem-
leaves linear or rarely almost oblong-cuneate, usnally wiih. a few irregular
teeth, especially towards the top, sometiraes almost pinnatifid, the upperraost
often linear and entii-e. Flowers rainute, without petals, and with only 2
staraens. Fruiting racemes iisually rather loose, but rigid, 2 to 3 in. long,
with slender stiff spreading pedicels of 2 or 3 lines, but sometiraes the ra-
cemes remain short and dense as when in fiower. Pods ovate, 1 to near l^
lines long, rainutely 2-lobed at the top, with a short style between the lobes.
Seeds ovate, usually exuding no mucus. — E-eichb. Ic. Fl, Gerra. ii. t. 10 ;
Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 25 ; F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 45 ; L. pubendum, Bunge,
Pl. Preiss. i. 261; L. hijssopifolium, Desv. Journ. Bot. iii. IBl; aud 179; L.
fruliculosum, Desv. 1. c. 165 and 180 (a tall luxuriant fonn).

N. S. Wales. New England, C. Stuart ; Paramatta, Herh. Mueller.

Victoria. Tlu"oughout the coloiiy, except at alpioe elevations, F. Mueller.

Tasmania. Conimon on waysides and by the seashore ia many localities, /. D. Hooker.

S. Australia. Abundaut iu many localities, especially about salt-marshes and in waste
placcs, F. Mueller and others.

W. Australia. Apparently abundant, Driimmond, Preiss, n. 1940, and others.

Var. crispum. Usually striated and very divaricate. Leaves short, oblong, cuneate,
mostly toothed. Pods rather long. — S. crispum, Desv. Joum. Bot. iii. 165 and 176 ;
L. Nov^e-Hollayidice, Desv. 1. c. 177.

Var. (?) spinescens. Smaller branches becoming thorny ; pods rather larger, ovate or
elliptical, the notch scarcely perceptible. — Salt-marshes of S. Australia towards the mouth
of the Murray, Hildehrand, WJian, in Herb. Mueller. L. amhiguum, F. Muell. iu Trans.
Phil. Soc. Vict. i. 34, appears to be the same or a similar variety in a luxuilaut state with-
out the thorns. Both are now iucluded by F. Mueller iu the L. ruderale.

The species has a wide rauge, chietiy along the seacoasts of the temperate regious of
Europe, Asia, and N. Afiica.

15. THLASPI, Linn.

Sepals erect, equal at the base. Petals obovate, equal. Pod short, ovate,
obovate, obcuneate or oblong, much compressed laterally, notched or rarely
acute at the top, the valves boat-shaped, keeled or winged, the septura nar-
row ; style fUiform or stigma sessile. Seeds 2 or rarely 3 or 4 in each
cell, not winged ; cotyledons accurabent. — Annual or perennial herbs, the ra-
dical leaves usuaUy spreading, eutire or toothed, those of the stem often auricled
at the base. Plowers white, pink, or pale pui-ple, rarely yeUow.

A considerable genus spread over the temperate and colder regions of the uorthern hemi-
sphere, with a very few S. .Vmericau species, and noue from S. AlVica. The Australian ones
are all endemic, and differ from the generality of the northern ones in the seeds, usually 3
or 4 in each cell instead of 2 only ; three of the species have not the auricled leaves of thc
genus, and oue has yellow tlowers.

Slender plant of 1 to 3 in. Stem-leaves aurieled and stem-clasping . 1. T. Tasmanicum.
Stems rigid, with petiolate leaves.
Pubescence scanty, mostly simple.

Flowers white . . . 2. T. cochlearinum.

Flowers yellow Z. T. ochranthum.

Pubescence stellatc 4. 71 Drunimondi.

1. T (?) Tasmanicum, Hook.f.Fl. Tasm. i. 23. A smaU, slender.

88 VIII. CRUCIFER^. [Thlaspi.

erect, siraple, or slightly-branched annucal, 1 to 3 in. high, sprinkled with a
few stellate hairs. Radical leaves petiolate, ovate, entire, 2 to 3 lines long ;
stem-leaves laneeoUite or oblong, often 5 to 6 iines long, the lowest naiTowed
at tlie base, the otliers auricled and stem-clasping. Flowers small, white, the
petals longer than thc scpals. Fruiting racemes loose, with slender divaricate
pedicels of 2 to 3 lines. Young pod obovate, very ttat, with strongly keeled
valves and 3 or 4 seeds in each cell. — Hidcldmia lasmauica, Hook. Ic. Pl.
t. 81-8.

Tasmania. AVestcrn mountains at Arthur's Lake, Gnnn.

Thc habit of this little plaut is quite that of the European speeies of Tlilaspi, in which
genus Pr. llookcr had at first placcd it. We have since thought it might belong to the New
Zeahiiid genus Noiothlaspi, cliaracterized by numerous seeds and incumbeut cotyledous, a
poiut vvhich cannot be determiued till more mature seeds shall have been examined. The
habit is agaiust the association.

2. T. cochlearinum, F. Miiell. Fl. Vict. i. 51. An erect, rigid,
l)ranching aniuial, 6 in. to 1 ft. high, sliglitly pubescent, with a few short,
mostly simple and reHexed hairs. Leaves lanceolate or linear-oblong, entire
or with 1 or 2 coarse teeth or lobes on each side, narrowed into a petiole, the
lower leavcs about 2 in. long, the upper ones few and smaller. Flowers
white, rather large. Sepals open, l^ in. long. Petals much hirger. Fruit-
ing racemes loose, about 2 in. long, with half-spreading pcdicels of 6 to 8
lines. Pod broadly oval, 4 to 5 lines long, obtuse at the top but not notched,
pubescent with sliort, rigid, reflexed hairs ; styles subulate, nearly 1 line long.
Valves kceled, but uot distinetly winged. Seeds 2 to 4 in each cell, flat, or-
bicular, emitting a cU'ar, viscid mucus when soaked ; cotyledons accumbent.
— Eunomia cocJdearina, F. Muell. in Linnsea, xxv. 369.

S. Australia. Sandy hills between the Broughton and Rocky rivcrs, and at Crystal
Brook, F. Miteller.

3. T. ochranthum, F. Muell. mss. Prom the very few specimcns this
appears to be a smalhn- pkmt thau T. cocJdiarinum, which it approaches very
nearly, with the same appressed hairs, either reflexed or attached by the
centre, and a simihir though smaller foHage, but the flowers are yellow, the
frniting pedicels nuich shorter, and the pods very broadly oval or ahuost or-
bicular, about 3 Hncs long.

N. S. Wales. On thc tributaries of the Upper Darling, Bowman. Betvveen the
Darliug and Lachlan rivers, Burkitt, in each case siugle small speciraens {Ilb. F. Miiell.)

3; T, Drummondi, BentJi. Stems more branching than in T. cocJi-
learinum., loosely sprinkled witli short stelhite hairs. Upper leaves apparently
linear-lanceohite, coarsely toothed and on long petioles, but the few on the
specimens are in a very bad state. Fruiting racemes 2 to 4 iu. long, with
sprcading pcdicels mostly of about 2 lincs. Pods obovate-oblong, 4 lines
long aiul 2 broad, obtiise or almost notched, with a very short styh^ acnte at
thc base, spriiikled with stelUite hairs ; the valves acutely keeled but scarcely
wingcd. Seeds 2 to 4 in each cell, ovate, compressed, einitting a clear viscid
mucus whcn soaked ; cotyledons accumbent.

W. Australia. Drummond, Coll. 1845. Thc specimens arc very imperfeet.

IX. CAPPARIDEiE. 89

OuDEii IX. CAPPARIDE^.

Flowers usually liermaplirodite. Sepals 4 to 8, either in a single series,
free or united in a campanulate calyx, or 2 outer and 3 inner ones. Petals
nsually 4, imbricate, rarely 2 or none. Torus either sraall or expanded into
a disk or lengthened into a straight or curved stalk to the ovary. Stamens
inserted at the base or the summit of the torus or stalk of the ovary, definite
or indefinite, all perfect or some reduced to staminodia. Ovary 1-celled, witli
] or usnally several parietal placentas, which sometimes protrude so as to
divide the ovavy into imperfect cells. Stigma sessile or borne on a distinct
style. Ovules usually numerous, i'arely solitary, anatropous. Fruit either a
capside, with the valves separating from the persistent septum or placentas as
in Crucifero!, or indehiscent and succulent, or rarely dry. Seeds reniform or
angular, without or with only a very thin albumen. Embryo curved, the co-
tyledons incumbent, folded, or convolute, veiy rarely fiat. — Herbs or shrubs,
rarely trees. Leaves alteruate or very rarely opposite, simple, or consisting
of 1 to 5 digitate leaflets, with or without stipules, which when present are
occasionally prickly. Flowers either solitary or clustered in the axiis of the
leaves, or more frequently in terrainal racemes.

The Order is pretty geiierally distribiited over the warmer aiid tropical regions of both the
Nevv aud the Okl Workl. Of the followiiig genera, two only, of oue species each, and both
auomalous iu the Order, are peculiar to Australia, the other three are widely-spread tropical
geuera.

Herbs "with a capsular fruit.

Torus short, the stamens inserted immediately withiu the sepals
and petals. Seeds several.

Stamens 4 to 6, or rarely 8 1. Cleome.

Stamens 8 to IG 2. i'oLANisiA.

Torus elougated, bearing the stamens at the top under the ovary.
Stamens all perfect, with long filaments. Leaves alternate, with

digitate leaflets. Sepals 4. Seeds several 3. Gynandropsis.

Stamens very short, those on one side only bearing anthers.

Leaves opposite, uudivided. Calyx 5-lobed. Capsule 1-seeded. 4. Emblingia.
Shrubs or trees, with au indehiscent succulent fruit.
Ovules and seeds many.

Torus elongated, with a tube-like appendage at the base .... 5. Cadaba.

Torus short withont any basal appendage 6. Capparis.

Ovules aud secds usually solitary.

Leaves minute or none. Mowers dioecious. Sepals imbricate.

Torus smalk Filaments long 7. Apophyllum.

Leaves opposite. Flowers hermaphrodite. Calyx 5-lobcd. Torus

elongated, vvith a lobed disk at the top, with anthers on oue side 4. Emblingia.

1. CLEOME, Linn.

Sepals 4, sometimes nnited in a 4-toothed calyx, Petals 4, nearly equaL
Stamens 6, rarely 4 or 8, all or sorae only perfect, inserted on the short torus
immediately within the petals. Ovary sessile or stalked, with many ovules,
the stigma sessile or on a short subulate style. Capsule usually elongated,
sessile or stipitate. Seeds many, reniform, usually rough or woolly. — Herbs,
either glabrons or glandular-pubescent. Leaves with 3 to 7 digitate leaflets.

90 IX. CAPPAKIDE.E. [Cleonie.

or in some species not Australian siraple. riowcrs solitaiy or in terniinal
racemes.

A large gcnus chieHy abuiulaut in the warm parts of America, and in the hot saudy
districts of N.E. Africa aud S.W. Asia.

Stemless, with radical leaves and 1-flowercd scapes \. C. oralidm.

Erect aud leafy, with raceinose flowers 2. C tetrandra.

1. C. oxalidea, F. MHell. Fragm. i. 69. A little, glabrous, glaucous,
almost stcinless annual. Leaves ratlical, consisting of 3 obovate or orbicular
lcartets, 3 to 4< lines long, on a slender petiole longer than themselves. Scapes
tiiiform, 1-tlowereiI, l^ to 2 in. long. Sepals about 1 line long. Petals of a
pale pink, ovate, about 2 lines long. Stamens 6 to 8, with linear-oblong
anthers attached near the base. Capsule sessUe, linear-oblong or narrow-
linear, ^ to 1 in. long.

N. Australia. Gravelly plains on the Upper Victoria river, aiid table laud at the head
of Stm-t's Crcck, F. Mueller.

2. C. tetrandra, BanJcs, in DC. Prod. i. 240. An annual, either
ghnbrous or sprinkled with a few short glandular hairs, thc stems often several
togetlicr, slender, ascending from a few inches to l^ ft. Leaves chiefiy at
the base of the stems on long petioles, with 3 or 5 linear-lanceolate or nar-
row-oblong leaflets sometimes above an inch long, the iipper leaves few, small,
with only 3 leaflets or simple. Racerae loose and slender, Avitli flliforra pedi-
cels. Sepals |- to 1 line long. Petals narrow, 3 to 6 lines long, nearly equal.
Stainens 4 to 6. Capsule sessile, slender, 1 to IJ in. long, with a short
subulate style, the valves thin and minutely striate. Seeds transversely
wrinklcd.

N» Australia. N.W. coast, Bijnoe ; Victoria river, F. Mueller ; Port Essingtou,
Annsttomj ; Gulf of Carpentaria, H. Brown.

2. POLANISIA, Pafin.

Sepals and petals 4 each, as in Cleome. Stamons usually 8 or more,
iuocrtcd on the short torus. Ovary and capsule sessile or stalked, with many
ovules and secds, as in Cleome. — Herbs, with the habit of Cleome, from wliicii
the genus only difters in tlie increased number of stamens. Flovvers in ter-
minal racemes.

Thc gcnus is distributed ovcr the warmer and tropieal regions of both thc Ncw aud the
Old World. The ouly Australian species is a common tropical weed.

1. P. viscosa, LC. Prod. i. 242. An erect branching annual or bien-
nial, usually about l ft. high, more or less covered vvith short, glandular,
viscid hairs. Leaflets 3 or 5, very rarely 7, from obovate or oblong-cuneate
to linear-hiuceolate, the largest usualiy 1 to 1^ in. long, but mostly much
smaller. Plowers yellow, in terminal racemes. Sepals about 2 lines, petals
twice or thrice as long, from narrow-oblong to almost ovate. Stamens from
8 to 16. Capsule from oblong-Iinear about 1 in. long to narrow-linear and
3 m. long. strongly striate, the nerves very oblique and anastomosing in the
short pods, ncarly ])arallel in the long ones, and always glandular-pubescent.
Seeds wnwViQA.—CleomeJlava, Banks, in DC. Prod, i. 241.

Polanisia.] ix. capparide/E. 91

N. Australia. Along the whole coast from westvvard of Victoria river to the limits of
Quceiislaiui and abundant about the Gulf of Carpentaria, H. Brown, and otLers.

Queensland. Moreton Bay, F. Mueller.

N. S. '^Vales. Clarencc river, Beckler.

Var. grandijiora. Slightly pnbegcent. Leaflets narrow. Sepals about 4 lines, petals
nearly 1 in. long. Capsule above 4 in. long. N. W. coast, Bynoe ; Sweers Iskmd, Henne.

Sorae specimens from the gravelly bed of the Victoria river, F. Mueller, have shot out
froni the tlowering racemes, numerous branches crowded with small leaves, and very small
axillary flowers aluiost without stamens, but producing small, slender capsules, the whole
plant assuming the appearance of the P. micrantha, Boj., frora Madagascar. Other speci-
mens from the same locality have all the leaves entire or 3-lobed, but these have no flowers
to determine the species with certainty.

The species is a commou weed throughout ludia, extending iato tropical Africa.

3. GYNANDIIOPSIS, DC.

(Rffiperia, F. MueU.)

Sepals and petals 4 eacli, as iu Cleome. Torus produced into a long slen-
der gynophore, bearing at its suinrait about 6 staiuens witli filiform filaments.
Ovary sessile or stalked within the stamens, with many ovides, the stigiua
sessUe or ou a subulate style, and the capsule sessile or stalked aud mauy-
seeded, as in Cleome. — Herbs, with the liabit of Cleome, from which the genus
only differs iu the loug stalk-Iike torus bearing the stamens. Flowers iu ter-
minal racemes.

Gynandropsis, like the last two genera, is dispersed over the tropical regions, both of the
New and the Old World. The only Australian species is endemic, and remarkable for the
very large size of its flowers.

1. G. Muelleri, Benth. An erect annual, covered with a glandular
viscid pubesceuce. Leaflets 3 or 5, lauceolate or oblong-Iiuear, those of the
upper leaves ^ to 1 iu. long ou a loug petiole. Flowers yellow, on short pe-
dicels in the upper axils, forming a termiual leafy raceme. Sepals \ to near
1 in. long, narrow, acumiuate, uuequal. Petals fuUy 3 in. long, oblong, uar-
rowed iuto a loug claw. Stamens 5 to 7, the stipes or elongated torus often
1\ iu. long. Capside linear, 2 to 2| in. loug, uot striate, but rough with
short glandular hairs, termiuated by a sleuder style of nearly 1 in. — lioeperia
cleomoides, F. MueU. in Hook. Kew Jouru. ix. 15.

N. Australia. N.W. coast, Bynoe. High, rocky, sandy table-land at the sources of
the river Victoria, Hooker's Creek, and Stm't's Creek, F. Mueller.

4. EMBLINGIA, F. Muell.

Calyx campanulate, 5-Iobed, aud split to the base on the upper side.
Petals 2, united iuto a slipper-shaped corolla, asceuding on the side opposite
to the slit of the calyx. Torus produced iuto a linear, flat, curved stalk,
asccuding in the slit of the calyx, beariug a glabrous glaud at the basc iuside.
Staraens forming a spreading, disk-shaped ruig at the summit of the torus,
divided into 8 to 10 lobes, 4 to 6 of the outer Iol)es or staminodia obloug,
pubesceut, and without authers, 4 or 5 ou the inner side, veiy short, each
beariug au ovoid 2-celled auther. Ovary sessile withiu the staniens, ovoid,
shortly 2-winged at Ihe top, with a divaricately 2-lobed stigraa sessile between

92 IX. CAPPABiDEiE. [EmbUnffia.

tlie wiiigs. Placentas 2, oach bearing a sing-le laterally-attached ovule. After
llowering, the ovary turns down iuto the calyx, enlarges very obliquely, the 2
wiiigs tbrming 2 sniall points on one side near the base. Fruit dry, inde-
hisceut, with a thin pericarp. Seed solitary, reniform, with a hard, rough,
ahnost muricate testa. Embryo invoUite, as in most Capparidece. — Shrub or
luidershrub, witli opposite leaves and axillary flowers.

This nurious genus consists of ouly a single species peculiar to Australia.

1. E. calceoliflora, F. Muell. Fragm. ii. 3, ^. 11. A prostrate shrub or
nndershrub, liarshly ])ubesceut, resembling in habit some species of Sccevola,
and assuming a yellowish hue when dry. Leaves mostly opposite or nearly
so, lanceohite or elliptical, acute, mostly 1 to \\ in. long, narrowed into a
sliort petiole, wavy on the edges, and very harsh. Stipulary spines very mi-
nute, often wanting. Flowers on very short axillary pedicels. Calyx about

3 liiies long, rather herbaceous, divided to about the middle into 5 broad lobes.
CoroUa about twice as long, broadly oblong, pubescent. Torus about 4 lines
long, pubescent on the tliiu edges, nearly glabrous along the tliickeued centre.
l'ericarp glabrous, 3 or 4 lines broad.

■W. Australia. IMurcliison river, Oldficld. The spccimcns are too far advanced in
flower for satisf;iclory examiiiatiou.

5. CADABA, Forst.

Sopals 4, frec, the 2 outer ones valvate in the bud. Petals 4, 2, or none,
clawed. Torus elongated, bearing at tlie base on one side a tubuhir, erect
appendage. Stamens 4 to 8, inserted on the summit of the torus. Ovary on
a long stalk within the stamens, 1-celled; phncentas 2 or 4, with many
ovides in 2 rows. Stigma small, sessUe. Berry cylin(h-icaL Seeds nearly
globular ; cotyledons convohite. — Shrubs, unarnied or prickly. Leaves
siniple, or in spccies not Austvalian 3-foliolate or wanting. Flowers axillary,
or in terminal racemes or corymbs.

The gcnus extends over Africa and tropical Asia ; the only Australian spccies is also in
the Indian Archipelago.

1. C. capparoides, DC. Prod. i. 244. A tall shrub, the young branclies,
foliagc, aud iuflorcscence shortly pubescent. Stipuhary spines"small, recurved,
occasionally wanting. Leaves simple,petiolate,from ovate to obloug-lanceolate,
obtusc or the upper ones acute, 2 to 3^ in. long, membranous, penninerved,
grecn and pubesceut on both sides. Flowers in sliort, loose, terminal racemes.
Pedicels above 1 in. long, in the axils of small bracts. Outer sepals herba-
ceous, concave, ncarly \ m. long ; iuner ones smaller. Petals 4, turaed
towards the side of the flower opposed to the stamens and pistil, 3 with
slender claws longer tlian the calyx, and ovate himiiuE of unequal size, but not
cxceeding 4 lines, the fourth with a shorter, broader claw, and small lamina.
Stalk-hke torus longer than the calyx, with a much shorter tubular process at
thc base. Stamens 5 or 6, with slender tilaments. Fruit pubescent, slender,

4 or 5 m. long, on a long stalk. Seeds numerous.— Deless. Ic. Sel. iii. 5, t.

n (mcorrcct as to the sepals and petals, but accurately described in the text).

N. Australia. N. coast, Herb. Mus. Par. ; Vansittart Bay, A. Cunmnnkam. It is
also louud m Timor and Java.

IX. CAPPAKIDEiE. 93

6. CAPPARIS, Liun.

(Busbeckia, Endl.)

Sepals usually 4, rarely 5, free or the outer ones united in the bud into an
entire calyx, which splits irregularly as the flower expands. Petals usually 4,
imbricate. Stamens indefinite, inserted ou the short torus, the filaments free,
filiforra. Ovary borne on a long stalk, 1 to 4-celled, with 2 to 6 placentas
and several or many ovules ; stigma sessile. Berry stalked, globose or elon-
gated, very rarely dehiscent. Seeds several, immersed in pulp, with a hard
or coriaceous testa and convolute embryo. — Trees or shrubs, sometimes
climbing, unarmed or prickly. Leaves simple, membranous or coriaceous ;
stipules prickly or setaceous, often only on the young or barren shoots.

A large genus, distributed over the tropical and warm regions, both of the New and the
Old Worhl ; and divisible, chielly from remarkable differences in the calyx, into several
sections, of which two only are Australian, one, Eucnp-paris, comprises the greater number of
the Asiatic aud African species, but is not American, the other, Bushnckia, is confiued to
Australia aud Norfolk Island. The Australian spccies of both .sections are all endemic, and
mauy of them are remarkable for producing slender barrcn shoots, with very prickly sti-
pules, and small leaves so very differently shapcd from those of the tiowering-branches, that
where we have specimeus of these barren branches only, it is impossible to identify them.

Sect. I. Eucapparis. — Sepals 4, ratJier large, imbricate in 2 series. Berry fflobular
or ovoid.

riowers on slender pedicels in terminal umbels. Outer sepals equal . \. C. umbellata.
tlowcrs lateral or axiliary, pedicels solitary or oue above the other.
Oue of the outer se])als largcr and saccate or concave at the base.
Stainens 12 or uuder. Flowers small.

Pedicels usually 2, one over the other. Flowers very tomentose . 2. C. lasiantlta.
Pedicels 4 or 5, one above the otlier. Flowers slightly pubescent 3. C. quinijlora.
Stamens uumerous, or more thau 15.

Sepals very uuequal, the largest | in 4. C nummularia.

Sepals slightly uncqual, about 3 lines 5. C. sarmentosa.

Sect. II. Busbeckia. — Two outer sepals broad, very concave, completehj tmited in
the bud, and separating irregularhj as theflower expands.
Leaves mostly ovate or oblong.

Leaves mostly 2 to 4 in. loug. Ovary glabrous. Fruit from ^ to a
little more than 1 in. diameter.
Flowers mostly axillary, distant.

Leaves ovate. Buds ovoid, acumiuatc, 1 in. long, alniost

woody 6. C ornans.

Leaves ovate or oblong. Buds globular, \ in. long, coriaceous 7. C. nohilis.

Leaves ovate. Buds 4-angled 8. C. canescens.

Flowers in a tcrminal corymb or short raceme. Buds globnlar . 9. C. lucida.
Leaves mostly 1 to l^ in. long. Ovary tomentose. Fruit 2 in.

diameter 10. C Mitchelli.

Leaves lauceolate or long and narrow.

Leaves obtuse at tlie base. Petiole very short 11. C.loranthifolia.

Leaves narrowed iuto a rather long petiole 12. C. nmbonata.

Skction I. EucAPPARis, BC. Prod. i. 245. — Sepals 4, rather Lirge, im-
bricate in two series. Berry globular or ovoid.

1. C. umbellata, R. Br. in DC. Prod. i. 247. Shrubby, with the
young branches tomentosc. Stipulary spines small, nearly straight or re-
curved. Leaves from ovate to narrow-oblong, mostly l^ to 2 in., or when

94. IX. CAPPARIDE.E. [Capparis.

full grown 3 in. long, at first menibranous, softly pubcscent or tomentose, at
length stiff and usually glabrous, on petioles of about two lines. Pediccls
sUiudcr, 6 to 9 lines loiig, usually 6 to 8 together in terminal umbcls, sessile
above the last leaves, or sometimes on short, lateral, lcafless branches. Buds
small, globuhn-. Outer sepals thin but stifF, equal, 2 to 2^ lines long, orbi-
cidar, coucave, slightly inibricate, ghdjrous, inner ones scarcely longer, mueh
imbricate. Petals al>out 3 lines long, pubesceut. Stamens numerous.
Ovary ghibrous, with 8 to 10 ovules to each phacenta. Bcrry globuhar,
smooth, in our specimens not 1 in. diameter, on a stipes of 1 in. Seeds sepa-
rated by spurious partitions.

N. Australia. Carccniiig Bay, N."\V. coast, A . Cnnningliam ; barren plains of the
ritzmauricc and Victoria rivers, F. Mueller ; Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown ; Port Essing-
ton, Armstrovy.

Qiieensland. Ca\)cYov\i, 31' Gi/hvraj/ ; Vort DemsoTH, Fitza/an.

Tiie specics is most nearly allied to the common Indian C. sepiaria, differing chiefly in its
sessile umbels and less numerous flowers.

2. C. lasiantha, R. Br. in DC. Prod. i. 24-7. A much-branched shrub,
clothed with a soft touientuui, usually rust-coloured on the young branches
aud inflorescence, afterwards paler, and sometimes disappearing on the old
leaves. Leaves from ovate to narrow-oblong or almost hanceolate, obtuse, 1
to 2 in. long, roundcd at the base, with a very short petiole, thickly coria-
C(!Ous whcn full grown, with very oblique primary nerves. Pedicels axiUary,
solitary or 2 together one above the other, much shorter than the leaves.
Outer sepals very concave and unequal, slightly imbricate, softly tomentose,
ihe larger oue about 3 lines long and abnost saccate at the base ; inner sepals
aiul petals ovate, 4 to 5 lines long, very tomentose outside. Stamens about
12. Ovary ghabrous, with 10 to 12 ovules to each placenta. Young fruit
ovoid, on a slender stipes of l^ in.

N. Australia. N.W. coast, ^. Cunninyham ; Victoria river, T. Miieller ; Thomsoa
rivcr, A. C. Greyory.

Queensland. N.E. coast, B.. Brown ; Narran river, Mitchell ; Brisbane river, A.
Ciiniiiiir/ham (from a specimen without flowers).

K". S. V^ales. Tributaries of the Upper Darling rivcr, Bowman.

3. C. quiniflora, DC. Trod. i. 247. Branches weak and flexuose, the
young ones and vcry young leaves rusty-tomentose, but soon becoming gla-
brous. Leaves ovate, obtuse or acuminate, 3 to 4 in. long, rounded or almost
corchite at the base, on petioles of 3 to 4 lines, rather coriaceous. Pediccls
usually undcr \ in. long, 3 to 5 together, one above the other, in lateral chis-
ters along the leaflcss tops of the side-branchcs, or above the upper axils.
Outcr sepals thin, slightly pubcscent, unecpial, the larger one saccate at the
Ijasc and about 3 liues long ; inner sepals and petals longer, oval-oblong, pu-
bescent. Stamens few. Fruit ghibrous, globular, \ io \ in. diameter, on a
stipcs of about 1 in. Some barren shoots, with very small ovate, rhomboid,
or oblong loaves, assume a totally differeut aspect from the rest of the plant.

N. Australia. N. coast, Batidin.

Queensland. N.E. coast, R. Broivn, A. Cmininyham ; Cape York, M'GiUivrai/ ;
Uainniond Island, Torres Straits, Raijner. Also in New Caledonia.

4.

C. nummularia, T)C. Prod. i. 246. A low glabrous shrub, prostrate

Cajyparis.] ix. CAPPARiDE.i;.

95

01- reclining on rocks, with hard tortuous branches. Stipular spines short,
straight or recui-ved. Leaves broadly ovate or orbicular, very obtuse or sorae-
tiraes emarginate, with a miuute point in the notch, i to f in. long, rather
thick, on petioles of 3 to 4 lines. Peduncles axillary, solitary, 1 in. long or
more. Outer sepals glabrous, very unequal, imbricate, the large one broadly
hood-shaped, acurainate, f in. long, the other rauch narrower and concave.
Inner sepals and petals apparently louger and glabrous, but very imperfect in
our specimens. Stamens very numerous. Berry ovoid, succulent, fully l^ in.
long, markedwith longitudinal ribs, on a stipes of at least H in.— F. Muell.
Fragm. i. 143 and 244.

N. Australia. Nichol Bay, fferd. Miieller.

W. Australia. Sterile islands, Ilerb. Mus. Par.; Dirk Hartog's Island, A. Cun-
niiHjhani, Clifton ; AbrolLos Islaiid, Bynoe ; Murcliison river, Oldfield, Clifton, Milne.

5. C. sarmentosa, A. Cann. Herb. A slender tree, supporting itself
on the branclies of otliers, the youuger branches sHghtly rusty-tomentose.
Stipulary spines very short and hooked. Leaves ahnost sessile, broadly ovate,
obovate, or orbicular, obtuse, ^ to f in. long or sometiraes much sraaller,'
thin and ghnbrous when full grown. Flowers 1 or 2 together in the upper
axils, on pedicels of 4 to 6 lines. Outer sepals glabrous, slightly unequal,
about 3 liues long ; inner sepals and petals rather longer, slightly tomentose
or pubescent, Stamens 15 or more, Berry ovoid, not Large, on a slender
stipes of about an inch.

Queeuslaud. Brisbane river, A. Cunmngham, F. MueUer ; between the Mackenzie
and Archer's rivers, Leichhardt.

Section II. BusBECKiA. — Two outer sepals broad, very concave, com-
])letely united in the bud and separating irregularly as the flower expauds.
Two inner sepals more petal-like. Beny globular or ovoid.

6. C. omans, T. Muell. Herb. A woody climber, the branches hoary
with a rainute pubescence. Leaves ovate, obtuse, 2 to 3 in. long, narrowed
at the base, on petioles of i to 1 in., glabrous on both sides.°' Stipulary
spines conical, reflexed, often wanting on the flowering branches. Pedicels
soUtary in the upper axils, l^ to 2 in. long. Flowers large and showy. Outer
sepals united into au ovoid acuminate bud of above 1 in. long, of a woodv
texture, and bursting irregularly ; inner sepals orbicular, woolly inside, thick
but petal-like. Petals (4 ?) obovate, more than 2 in. long. Stamens nu-
merous, about 3 in. long. Ovary glabrous. Fruit not seen.

Queenslaud. Port Denison, Fitzalan.

7. C. nobilis, F. Muell. Herb. A small tree, either perfectly glabrous
or the young shoots and the under side of the leaves slightly covered with a
close miuute pubescence. Stipulary pricldes short and conical, seldom seen
on the flowering-branches. Leaves oval-oblong or oblong, acute, shortly acu-
minate or obtuse, 2 to 4 in. long, coriaceous and often shining above, on pe-
tioles of 3 to 6 lines. Pedicels sobtary in tlie upper axils or very rarely 2
together, about 1 in. long. Buds globidar, about \ \\\. diameter, otten
slightly emarginate at the top, showing the tips of the 2 outer sepals, which
are perfectly united into a coriaceous calyx bursting or splitling iiTegularly ;

96 IX. CAPPAKiDEiT5. {Cappai'is.

innor sepals broadly ovate, h in. long-, finn in the centre, tliin on Lhe edges.
IV-tals 4, white, hu-ji-cr and thinncr than the sepals, pubescent inside. Staracns
veiy numerous. Fruit globuku-, about 1 iu. diameter, witli a sraall protu-
berance at the top, the stipes \ in. to nearly 2 in. long. Seeds nvnuerous,
erabeddcd in a hard ahnost woody pulp. — Bmbeckia nobilis, Eudl. Prod. FL
Norf. 64; Busbeckia arborea, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 163.

Queensland. Brisbane river, Fraser, A. Cunningham ; Brisbaue and Fitzroy rivers,
F. Miielh-r.

N. S. 'Wales. Hastings and Clarence rivers, Beckler and others.

Var. ])uhescens, petioles shorter, leaves more pubescent uuderneath, fruit scarcely urabo-
nate. Brisbane river, A. Cunningham.

The same species is also fouud in Norfolk Islaud.

8. C. canescenS) Banks in BC. Prod. i. 246. Habit and foliage so
nearly that oi' C. nobUis that sorae speciraens without the buds are difticult to
distinguish froni it, but in general they are of a paler more glaucous green,
either niiimtely pubescent or ghibrous. Stipulary prickles subuhite, wanting
on tlie rtowering branches. Leaves as in C. nobilis, or more frequently broader
and more obtuse, mostly 1| to 2 in. long, those of the l^arren shoots sonie-
tiraes broadly ovate-cordate with a prickly point. Pedicels solitary or 2 to-
gether in the upper axils or terraiual, 1 to 2 iu. long. Buds toraentosc,
larger than in C. nobilis, and proraincntly 4-angIed. Flowers, of which I
have only seen fragments, apparently like those of C. nobilis. Fruit (not yet
ripc) as in C. nobilis, but on a longer stipes.

Queensland. Bay of Inlcts, Banks ; Northumbcrland islauds and Keppel Bay, R.
Brown ; Burdckin and Iiyud rivcrs, F. Mueller.

Var. glaura. Leaves 3 to 4 in. long, very thick and glaucous. Between the Fhuders
and Lynd rivcrs, F. Mueller.

9. C. lucida, R. Br. Herb. A shrub, very nearly allied to C. iwbilis,
but raore often pubescent. Leaves ovate or oblong, obtuse, 2 to 3 or rarely
4 in. long, coriaceous and shining when old, bnt often tliinner than in C. no-
bilis and more reticulate. Flowers white, rather smaller than in C. nobilis,
and usually several together in a terrainal cluster or short raceme, tlie outer
oncs iu the axils of tlie upperraost leaves. Buds globular, on pedicels of
about 1 in. Fruit globular, like that of C. nobilis. — Thylacium lucidum., DC.
Prod. i. 254 ; Busbeckia corymbijlora, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 163.

N. Australia. N.W. coast, A. Cunningham ; Booby isiands, Torrcs Straits, Ilerb.
BanliS.

Queensland. N.E. coast, R. Brown, A. Cunningham ; islands of Ilowitfs group
and oM thc Burdckiu rivcr, F. Maeller ; Howitfs islcs, liope islets, aud Port MoUe, M'Gil-
livray ; Port Dcnison, Fitzalan.

10. C. Mitchelli, Lindl. in Mitch. Three Exped. i. 315. A much-
branched shrub, more or Icss clothed with a minute yeUowish or whitish to-
mcntura, sonietinies soft and dense, sometiraes disappearing on the older
leaves. Stipular prickles short, somewhat hooked, often wanting on the
flowering branclies. Leaves ovateor oblong, obtuse, 1 to 1|- in. long, narrowed
into a petiole of 2 to 3 lines, coriaceous and rather thick, obscurely veined.
Pediccls few, axillary, 1 to l^ in. long, thickened upwards. Buds ovoid-
globular, usually acuminate, nearly i in. long. Outer calyx thick, opening

Capparis.'] ix. capparide.e. 97

iiTcn-iilcirly or sometimes into 2 valvate coucavc sepals. Inner sepals 4 to 8
lines long, more or less pubescent, especially at tlie base, tliin and gla1)rous
ou the edges. Petals similar, but larger. Ovary tomentose, on a long nearly
glabrous stipes. Berry globular, 2 in. diameter wlien ripe. Seeds 4 to 5
lines long, imbedded in a hard dry pulp. — Busbeckia MitchelU, F. Muell. Pl.
Vict. i. 53, t. suppl. 4.

K. Australia. Plains of Promise, F. MueUer.

Queensland. In the intcvior, Mitcltell ; Rnrdekin river, F. Mueller.

N. S. 'Wales. Liverpool plaiiis, A. Cunningliam ; plaius of thc Bogan, Milchell ;
Upjier Darling river, F. Mueller.

Victoria. ^Nlallee serub, near Eubtone Colc, F. Mueller.

S. Australia. From Lake Torrens arnl Mouut Murchison to Cooper's Creek, F.
Mueller.

11. C. loranthifolia, Lindl. in Mitch. Trop. Aust. 220. A scrubby
bush, with nio]-e or less tomentose branches. Leaves from oblong-linear to
broadly hanceolate, obtuse or acute, 1 J to 2|- in. long, obtuse at tlie base, on
a petiole of 1 or rarqly 2 lines, coriaceous and at length glabrous. Pedicels
in the upper axils about 1 in. long, thickened upwards. Euds ovoid, scarcely
acuminate, the outer calyx not so thick as in the other species of the section
Bndieckia. Inner sepals larger, thickened in the centre. Petals loiiger
thinner, villous inside. Stamens numerous. Ovary glabrous.

Queensland. Scrub, near Mount Faraday, Mitchell.

W. S. Wales. ISctweeu Darliug river and Cooper's Creek, Neilson.

12. C. umbonata, Lindt. in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 257. A shrub, with
tomentose branches like the last, but the leaves usualiy much longer, often 7
to 8 in. long, and rarely under 3 in., always lanceohite and narrowed into a
rather long petiole. Pedicels axillary, thickened upwards, 1 to \\ in. long.
IJuds ovoid, the outer calyx very thick and coriaceous. Petals as in C. Mit-
chelli. Fruit apparently small, glabroiis, not always marked with the terminal
protuberance which suggested tlie specific namc ; the stipes very long.

"N. Australia. Vietoria river and dry ridges towards ritzmaurice river, F. Mueller :
Depuch Island, Bi/noe.

Queensland. Brigalow scrub, on the Belyando, Miichell ; Dawson river, Ilerh.
F. Mueller.

7. APOPHYLLUM, F. MueU.

Plowers dioecious. Sepals 3 or 4, imbricate, 2 outside the othcrs. Petals
2 or 4, sessile, imbricate. Male tl. : Stamens 8 to 16, inserted on the short
torus with filiform filaments. Ovary none. Pemale fl. : Stamens none, or
rarcly 1 to 3. Ovaiy stipitate with a sessile stigma ; ovules 1 or 2, attached
to tlie sides of the cavity above the middle. Berry shortly stipitate. Seeds
1 or 2, with a smooth testa and invohite cotyledons. — Leaves very few, small,
alternate.

The genus is liraited to the following species, and differs from Capparis only in its dioe-
cious flowers and the usually solitary ovule.

1. A. anomalum, ¥. Maelt. in Ilook. Kew Journ. ix. 307. A shrub or
tree, almost leafless, with cylindrical, often pendulous branclies, silky-white
when young, but soon becoming ghibrous. Leaves on the young shoots few,

VOL. I. H

98 IX. CAPPARiDE.K. {ApoplnjUnm.

liiieav or lincar-acute, 2 to 3 lincs long and vcvy (lcciduous, or ravcly abovc \
iu. long and inovc pcrsistent. Flowers small, fvagvant, cithcv gvowing singly
along the young shoots or in shovt latcval raccmcs or clusters. Petals 1 to 1-^
lincs long. Scpals rathcr morc thau 1 linc long, pubcscent. Petals uuequal,
as long as or longcr than tlie scpals, pubcscent insidc at thc base. Fruit
nearly globular, the size of a small pea.

N. Australia. Brigalow scrub, on thc Burdddu, F. MueUer ; Cooper's river, A. C.
Gregori/.

Queensland. lu thc intcrior, Mitchell.

OrderX. violarie^.

riowers usually hermaphrodite. Sepals 5,imbricatc. Pctals 5, imbricate,
equal ov uncqual, with the lowcv one larger, or spurved ov otherwise dissimihiv.
Stamens 5, hypogynous ov ncavly so, the anthers crcct and connivent, or con-
nate roimd the pistil, scssile or on short lilaracnts, the connective often vcry
broad, with the anther-cells opcuing inwards. Ovary frce, sessile, 1-celled,
with usually 3 parietal placentas, and several or rarcly only 1 or 2 anatropous
ovulcs to each pkicenta. Style usually simple, often thiclccned or cuvvcd at
the top. Fruit a capsule, opening iu as many valves as placentas, or rarely an
indehiscent berry. Seeds with a tieshy albumcn ; cmbryo axile, usually straight,
the cotyledons usually broad and liat, the radicle ncxt the hilum. — Herbs or
shrubs. Leaves usually altcrnate, simple, aud rarely lobed or cut, with
latcral stipulcs. Flowers axillary, solilary, or in cymes or pauiclcs, very
rarely in racemes. Pedicels usually with 2 bractcolcs. Capsules oftcn open-
ing elastically.

An Order gcuerally dispersed over the globe. Of thc thrce Australian gencra, two have a
very wide geographical rauge, the third exteuds froui Australia to New Zcaland.

Ilerhs or undershrubs, with very irregular ilowers. Fruit ca])suhu'.
Sepals produccd iuto a small appcndage, or at least a protuberance

bclow tbeir iuscrtiou. Lower petal spurrcd or saccate . . . 1. Viola.
Scpals uot produccd at the basc. Lowcr petal saccate or gibbous

at thc base 2. Ionidium.

Shrubs with small rcguhir llowcrs. Iruit a bcrry 3. IIvmenanthera.

(The widely-sprcad tropical genus Ahodela has uot yct bccu detectcd lu Australia.)

1. VIOLA, Linn.

Scpals produccd iuto a small appciuhigcor protubcrance bclow thc insertion.
Petals sprcading, thc lowcst usually LT,rgcr, spurrcd or saccatc at tiic base.
Antliers ucarly scssilc, thc councctivcs flat, produccd inlo a mcmbranous ap-
pendagc bcyond tlie cclls, thosc of tlic 2 lowcr anthers usually bcaring a small
dorsal rcflexcd protubcrance ov spuv. Stylc vaviously tliicl^cncd ov dilated at
the top, stvaight wit li a tcvminal stigma, ov incurved with tlie stigina in frout.
Capsule opening clastically in 3 valvcs. Sccds ovoid-globular witli a crusta-
ceous testa. — Hcrbs, with the stipules usually foliaccous and persistcnt. Pc-
duucles axillary, 1-flowered. Most spccies, besidcs the pcrfect flowers, produce
latcr in the scason small apetalous, but very proliflc flowers.

Fiola.] X. viOLARiEiE. 99

A very large genxis, most of f he species natives of the tcniperate regions of the northcrn
licmispherc, or of thc hiiih mountains of South Amcrica, with a vcry few dispersed ovcr
Africa, Australia, and New Zcaland. Thc Australian species are eithcr quite endcmic or ex-
tcnd ouly to Norfolk Island and Ncw Zealand. They are all perennials.

Stemless, with a tufted or creeping rhizome.

Leaves lanceolate, oblong, or scarcely ovate. No stolons. Sti-

piiks adnate 1. V. betoiiicafolia.

Leaves nearly orhicular.

Stolons crceping. Spur reduced to a slight protuberancc. Sti-

]inlcs free 2. F. hederacea.

No stolons. Spur prominent. Stipuies adnate 3. F. Cunninghamii.

Flowering-stems elougnted. Leaves broad.

Leaves scarcely cordate. Stipules adnate 3. F. Cunninghamii.

Leaves dceply cordate. Stipules frce 4. F. Caleyana.

1. V, betonic8efolia, Sm. ; DC. Prod. i. 294. Glabrons or pubescent,
steniless, and withoiit stolons, andoften tiifted, tlie stock eitlier ending nnder-
neath abruptly, witli tliick spreading tibres, or tapering into a horizontal or
descending root. Leaves radical, from Lanceolate to oblong or nearly ovate,
mostly obtuse, and 1 to 1|^ in. long, entire or slightly crenate, truncate or
sbglilly cordate, rarely narrowed at the base, with the long petiole usually
dilated at the top. Stipitles linear, adnate to the petiole. Scapes of the
perfect fiowers usually considerably longer tlian the leaves, with tlie subulate
bracts below the middle. Flowers violet, rather large. Sepals lanceolate,
acute, 2\ to nearly 3 lines long, with short blnnt basal appendages. Lateral
petals usually copiously bearded inside, the upper ones less so, the lowest not
at all ; spur broad and obtuse, much shorter than thc sepals. Style thick-
ened upwards, concave at the top, not Avinged. Apetalons flowers on veiy
short scapes.— Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 27 ; F. Muell. PI. Vict. i. 64 ; V.phy-
tenmcEfolla and V. longiscapa, DC. in Herb. Lamb., from the char. in G. Don,
Gen. Syst. i. 322.

Queensland. Mifchell ; near Brisbane, F. Mueller.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown, Sieber, n. 180, and others ; northward to
Clarence and IMaclcay rivers, Beckler ; southward to Twofold Bay, F. Mueller ; and in thc
iuterior to the Lachlan rivcr, A. Cunningham, Fraser, etc.

Victoria. Port Phillip, R. Brown ; grassy moist ridgcs, sparingly scattered over thc
sonthern and eastern pnrts of the colony, F. Mueller.

Tasmania. Common iu moist good soils throughout the island, /. B. Hooker.

S. Australia. Near llivoli Bay and in the Buglc ranges, bnt rare, F. Mueller.

Receivcd also from Norfolk Island, Backhouse, and the spccies is nearly allied to V. Pa-
trinii, DC, which is commou in India, eastern Sibcria, and China, aud only appears to
differ fi'om V. belonicafolia iu the rather longer spur aad the style usually broadly winged.

2. V. hederacea, Labill. Pl. Nov. IIoll. i. 60, t. 91. Glabrous or
pubescent, densely tnfted or widely creeping by its numerous stolons, very
rarely emitting weak leafy stems. Leaves reniform, orbicular, or spathulate,
usually under \ in. diameter, but when very luxuriant, 1 to \\ in., entire or
irregularly and sometimes coarsely toothcd. Stipides free, brown, lanceolate-
sitbidate. Scapes usually longer than the leaves, the bracts about the middle.
Flowers usually small, blue, rarely white, but sometimes fully f in. broad.
Sepals lanceolate, with only a slight protuberance below their insertion. Petals
glabrous, or the lateral ones slightly pubcscent iuside, the spur of the lower

H 2

100 X. vioLAKiE.r.. [Fiola.

one reduced to n slight concavity. Lo^ver anthers with a very slight dorsal pro-
tubcrance. Style bcnt at the base, the npper part cylindrical, truncate at the
top, but not thickened. Seeds usuallv dark-colonred, but sometimes white.
— DC. Prod. i. 305 ; Hook. Exot. V\. iii. t. 225 ; Reichb. Icon. Exot. t.
110 ; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 26 ; F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. G3 ; F. Sieberiana,
Sprenp^. Syst. Cur. Post. 96; Erpetion reniforme, Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard. ii.
t. 170 ; E. hederaceum, E. peliolare, and E. spathulatum, G. Don, Gcu. Syst.
i. 33.J.

Queensland. Morcton Bay, FUzalan.

N. S. 'Wales. Frequeiit about Port Jackson, R. Brovjn, Sieher, n. 426, and othcrs ;
noi-lliward to Clarence river, Beckler ; and southward to Twofold Bay, F. Mueller.

Victoria. Dispersed over the whole colony, except the N.W., iu sandy moist heathy
soil, aloiijr rivulets aud in boi;gy places up to 7000 ft. elevation, F. Muelter.

Tasmania. Throusjhout thc island, very coinmon, /. I). Ilooker.

S. Australia. Kare, near Mount Barker, on the Onkaparinga, in the Barossa ranges,
and near Rivoli Bay, F. Mtteller.

3. V. Cunninghamii, Ilook.f. Fl. N. Zel. i. 16. Glabrous, stemlcss,
or rarely witli weak elongateti stems, the stock tufted with an underground
crceping rhizome. Stipules adiiate to the petiole, with a sliort free hanceokite-
subulate point. Leaves very broadly ovate or nearly orbicuhir, truncate or
sHglitly and broadly cordate at the base, mostly under ^ in. diameter, sliglitly
ci-enate. Peduucles of the perfect flowers longer than the leaves, the smail
bracts below tlie raiddle, Flowers rather small, pale violet. Sepals oblong-
laneeolate. Latcral petals obscurely bearded ; spur short and obtuse, yct
much more prominent than in V.' hederacea. Spurs of the lower anthers
short and obtuse. Stylc club-shaped, emarginate at the top. — Hook. f. Fl.
Tasm. ii. 357.

Tasmania. In the Western Mountains, by rivulets ou Cuniiug's Head, Archer. Also
in Ncw Zealand.

4, V. Caleyana, G. Bon, Gen. Syst. i. 329. Usually gkibrous. Stcms
weak, dccunibent or half erect, from a few inches to nearly a foot long. Leaves
ovate or nearly orbicidar, very deeply cordate, from f to l^ in. long, or when
very hixuriant, larger and bi-oadly trianguhir, often obsrurely crenate. Sti-
pules oljlong or hmceolate, leafy, free from the petioh\ Peduncles of the per-
feet rtowers usually longer tlian the lcaves, with the braets about the mi(hllc.
Flowers rather small, white. Scpals huiceolate. Petals gkbrous or the lateral
ones slightly bearded, the spur very short and broad. Anther-spurs very
short. Style almost as in V. biflora', thickened upwards, concave at the top,
tnmcate or emarginate at the back, and oneu in front.— llook. f. FI. Tasm.
ii. 357; F. Muell. PI. Vict. i. 64.

N. S. Wales. Nepcan river, R. Broton ; near Marshairs Mount, IHawarra, Back-
house.

Victoria. Ikiiks of rivulets subject to inundation, near springs, and in wet forest
gullics, Gipj)s' Laud, F. Muelter.

Tasmania. Deioraiue, Archer.

Peculiar to Australia, l)ut very ncarly allied to the European and Asiatic V. hijtora, Liun.
(K reniformis, AAalL), whicii has more rcniform leaves and yellow flowcrs.

X. VIOLAUIE^. 101

2. lONIDIUM, Veut.
(Pigea, BC.)

Sepals not produced at tlie base. Petals spreading, the lowest sometimes
sliglitly larger tlian the others, more freqnently very much larger, with a broad
claw, gibbous or saccate at the base. Anthers nearly sessile, or on distinct
iilamcnts, tlie conuectives flat, produced into a membranous appendage be-
youd the cells, those of tlie 2 lower ones bearing a dorsal reflexed protu-
berance, spur, or gland, tlie 2 rarely united into one. Style thickened and
incurved at the top, with the stigma in front. Capsule openmg elastically
in 3 valves. Seeds ovoid-globular, with a crustaceous testa. — Herbs or small
shrubs. Leaves alternate or rarely opposite, usually narrow. Stipules small
and narrow. Peduncles axillary or in a terminal raceme, 1- or several-
flowered.

A considerable genus, chiefly tropical, and the greater number of species
American ; fom- or five are found in tropical Asia and Africa, and one of
thcse occurs in Australia, tlie others here enumerated arc all endemic.

Peduacles axillary, 1-flowered, or very rarely here and tliere 2-flowered.
Lower petal more than twice as long as the calyx.

Leaves eutirc, or rai"ely toothed. Appeiidages of the lower fiLaments

nearly ghibrous. Seeds striate L /. suffrutlcosum.

Leaves toothed. Appendages of the lowcr filaments woolly-hairy.

Seeds smooth 2. /. aiirantiacum.

Lower petal not half as long agaiu as the calyx 3.7. brevilabre.

Peduncles 1-flowered iu the uppcr axils, the upper ones longcr than the

lcaves, and forming a terminal leafy raceme 5. 7. Fernonii.

Peduucles mostly 2- to 4-flowered, not longer than the leaves. Lower

petal small 4. I.Jloribundum.

Pcdunclcs slender, much louger tlian the leaves, with a leafless raceme
of 2 or more flowers.
Upper leaves often opposite. Sepals lanceolate, shoiier than the

lateral petals 6. I.filiforme.

Leaves all alternate. Sepals ovate, as long as or longer than the

lateral petals 1. I. cahjcinim.

1. I. sulFruticosum, Ghuj. in DG.Prod. i. 311. Much-branched, ghi-
brous or very slightly pubescent, and usually from 1 to l^ ft. high, and more
or less woody at the base. Leaves alternate, narrow-linear, or rarely linear-
oblong or lanceolate, entire or rarely toothed, mostly 1 to 2 in. long. Pe-
duncles axilhary, filiform, 1-flowered, 2 to 4 lines long, with a pair of minute
bracts under ihe pedicel. Sepals lauceolate, very acute, with a very promi-
nent gre(ni midrib, 11 to 2 bnes long. Lateral petals rather louger than tlie
calyx, with a broad ovate-falcate base, and a small, ciiiate, obtuse extrcmity,
sometimes expanded into a small lamina ; upper petals sraaller ; lowcst petal
purple or rarely yellow, about \ in. long, the claw longer than the othcr
petals, saccate at the base, the lamina broadly ovate and longer tlian the
claw. Filaments at Icast half as long as the anthers, the 3 lower ones with
a thick spm-, either quite glabrous or with a minute tuft of haii-. Seeds
elegantly niarked with longitudinal stria;. — Wight, Ic. t. 3U8 ; Plfjea Banksi-
aiia, DC. Prod. i. 307.

102 X. VIOLARIE.E. [fomdium.

N. Australia. Giilf of Carpeutaria, R. Brow)i ; Dampier's Archipelago, A. Cunning-
hnm ; Port Essington, Armslronrj ; Arnhcin's Laiid to lat. 32° on the E. coast, F. MueJler.

Queensland. Brisbane river, ctc, Morctou Bay, F. Mueller, FUzalan ; Rock-
hanipton, Thozct ; Port Dcnison, FUzalan.

N. S. 'Wales. Clarcncc auJ ilasliugs rivers, Beckler.

Tlic sj)ccies is widcly sprcad over tropical Asia aud Africa. The above description is takcu
froni Australiau spcciracns , in thc majority of InJian aud African oucs thc lcavcs archroadcr
anJ thc lowcr pctal smallcr. Thc tlowers arc almost alvvays purplc, but somc spccimcus of
Cunninfrham's anJ Brown's, said to have yellow flowcrs, have the sceds and ibliage of
/. siilfndicosum, rather thau of 7. attrantiacum.

2. I. aurantiacum, T. Muell. llerh. Pubescent with short spreading
haii"s or rarely ghibrous, often woody at tlie base, branched, 6 in. to 1 ft. high
or rather more. Leaves linear or oblong-lanccolate, 1 to \\ in. long, bor-
(hm'd with sinall, distant, acute teeth. Flowers axiilary, on peduncles of 3 to
'I lines, as in /. 57(^)7//ico.i7</?z, and nearly simihir in structurc, but tlie lower
pctal is smaUer and always ycllow, the broad lamina usually shorter than thc
h)ng narrow cLiw, which is scarcely saccate at tlie basc, and the nppenchiges
of the fdaments of tlic lower stamens are covered with long woolly hairs.
Sceds, in the few capsides I liave seen, smooth and not striate.

N. Australia. N.W. coast, A. Cunningham, Btjnoe ; Victoria river, F. Miieller.

Thc Jistinclion between this species anJ /. suffndicosttm uiay require revisiou whcu
more abunJaut spccimcns iu flowcr anJ sccJ are obtaincJ, anJ tlie rclation of tlie Jitfereuccs
of thc sccJs to the othcr characters more corrcctly ascertaincJ.

3. I. brevilabre, Benih. A glabrous perennial with a woody rhizorae.
Stcms crect, divaricately branched, 6 in. to 1 ft. higli, with few small leaves,
or in sorae sjiecimens numerous, nearly simple, about G in. high, with more
crowded and longer leaves, sometimes 1 in. long, always linear and cntire,
obtuse, or witli a recurved point. Peduncles axillary, slender, 1- or rarely 2-
flowered, shorter than the leaves, with a pair of small nairow bracts under
the short recurved pcdicels. Flowers small (blue?). Sepals narrow-ovate,
acute, rather more than 1 line long. Lateral ])ftals about the same Icngth,
vcry obtuse; lowest petal rather longer, the lamiua broadly rhomboid, much
shovtcr thau the claw, whicli is broad", concave, witli a shoVt obtuse spur at
the base. Stamcns with tiie terminal appendage longcr tlian tlic cells, and
the 2 lowcr iilaments distinctly spurred.

W. Australia. Swan River, Drummond, Isl Coll., an J «. G65 of a subscqucut ouc.
It is possible that further spccimcns may provc this to be a remarkable variety of I.Jlori-
bundttm.

4. I. floribundum, iralp. Rep. ii. 767. A glabrous perennial, witli
the habit of some European species of Thesiiim, forming sometimes a thick
woody rhizorae, the stems erect, often much branched and rigid. Leaves all
aUernate, rather crowded, Wnviw or lanceolatc-liuear, mostly with a short re-
curved poiut, i to 1 in. or rarelv \\ in. long, entire. Peduncles axUIary,
usually oncc or twice forkcd, eacli branch bcaring 1 or 2 sraall violet, blue, or
wlutc Howcrs, on pediccls of about a linc, the whole forming little cymes
rarely cxcccding the lcavcs, thc lowcr peduucles soraetimes 1-flowercd", but
jilways with scveral pairs of small bracts. Sepals ovate, 1 to neai-Iy 2 lines
long. Latcral i^etals about tlic same length, very obtuse ; lowest petal iiot
twicc as long, tbe laniiiia broati, tlic short claw distinctly spurred. Two

lomdiam.] x. violarie.e. 103

lower stamens shortly spurrcd at tlie base. — F. Muell. Pl. Viet. i. 68, t. suppl. 8 ;
Plgeajloribunda, Lindl. iu Mitch. ThreeExped. ii. 165 ; /. australasice, Behr.
in Linna^a, xx. 629 ; /. muUiJlorum, Turcz. in Bull. Mosc. 1854<, ii. 340.

N. S. ^Vales. E)in'lean scrub, A. Cunningham.

Victoria. Barreii ridges aud low stouy aud rocky rauges in the vicinity of the Murray
river aud its lower tributaries, F. Mueller ; towards the Australiau Pyreuees, MitcheU.

S. Australia. Not rare through the scrubby lowlauds aud mouutaiu tracts froni
Guichen Bay to Spencer's Gulf, F. Mueller, aud others.

\V. Australia. Soufh coast ?, Drummond, supplement to 5th Coll. n. 72, Harvey.

5. I. Vernonii, F. Muell. Tl. Vict. i. 223. Ghxbrous, witli erect, slen-
der, but stiff stcras, little branched, except at the base, and usually about 1
f't. hig-h, as in I. filiforme, but the branches more angidar. Leaves aU alter-
nate, liuear or narrow-lauceolate, rarely above 1 in. loug, and the upper ones
much smaUer aud very narrow. Peduucles 1-tlowered, as in 1. sujfruticosmn,
but only in the upper axils, and the upper ones longer tlian the smaU tloral
leaves, so as to form a terrainal leafy raceme. Plowers blue, very much Uke
those of /. filiforme, the lower petal of the same shape and sizc, except that
the claw is distinctly spurred at the base, and the lateral petals are more
obtuse than iu that species ; stamens the same, except that the subulate ap-
pendages at the top of the anther-ceUs are stiU more minute.

N. S. ^Vales. Port Jacksou, Anderson, W. Vernon, Woolls. In the interior ?, Leich-
hardt ; Twofold Bay, F. Mueller.

Victoria. Barren plaius and ridges near the Genoa river, F. Mueller. Specimens of
this species are iuchided by De CandoUe amongst those nanied by him Pif/eafiliformis ; the
two spccies are ofteu mixed on the same sheet in the Paris aud other Herbaria.

6. I. filiforme, F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 66. A perfectly ghabrous herb,
said by some coUectors to be annual, but certainly iu mauy iustances forming
a perennial rootstock. Stems sleuder, but stiff and wiry, simple or branched,
usuaUy 1 to 2 ft. high, but when eaten dowu, sending up numerous short
erect branches. Leaves aUernate or the upper oues opposite, narrow-Uuear,
mostly 1 to 2 in. long, entire, the lowest ones shorter, broadcr, and petiolate.
Flowers blue, in slender leafiess racemes, on terminal or axiUary peduncles,
always mucli longer than the leaves, the pedicels under a Uiie loug. Sepals
shorter than the lateral petals, LmceoLite, acute. Lower petal usually
fuUy ^ in. long, ovate, narrowed into a concave claw, saccate at the base,
but varyiug considerably in size and breadth ; lateral petals broadly
falcate, acute, about 2 Unes long ; upper ones smaUer. Authers with an
orange ovate appeudage at the top of the counective, and two minute subu-
late appeudages on tlie cells themselves ; the 2 lowest have also a snuiU ghm-
dular protuberauce on the back at their base. — Pigea JiUformis, DC. Prod.
i. 307 ; /. linarioides, Presl, Bot. Bm. 12.

Queensland. iloreton Bay, A. Cunninrjham, Fraser ; Glasshouse ridgcs, F. Mueller.

N. S. Wales. Coiumon about Port Jacksou, R. Brown and others, aud uorthward to
New Eugland, ascendiug to 5000 ft., aud Clarence and Hastiugs rivers, Beckler, aud south-
ward to the limits of the colony.

Victoria. Ury, grassy, or scrubby ridges near the Avon aiid Mitchell rivers in Gipps'
Land, F. Mueller.

I. monopetalum, Roem. and Schult. Syst. i. 400 {Pif/eawonopetaJa, Ging. iii DC. Prod. i.
307 ; Solea monopefala, Sprcng. Syst. i. 804), described froin asinglc specimeu of uucertaiu
origin, ia Rujmer^s Herbarium, cau ouly refer to thc prcscnt species.

10-i X. V10LAKIE.E. \_Ionidunii.

7. I. calycinum, Sleud. ; F. M/u4l. Pl. Vict. i. 224. A g-lnhrous per-
emiiiil. willi tlie luibit, iiarrow-liiiear leaves aiid raeeiiiose Howers on loiig
leaHess peduncles, of /. Jiliforme, but the leaves arc usually all alternate,
thc scpals hirger, ovate, wiiii a sliort point, very thin aud scarious on tlie
edges, usually fully 2 and oflen 3 lines long. Lower petal fully as harge as in
/. Jiliforme, and of tlie sanie shape, except that tlie spur at the base is more
proniinent ; tlie lateral petals scarcely exeeed the calyx atid are very obtuse,
the upper ones rather shorter. Tlie protuberances at the base of the
low'er anthers are niore proinineiit tlian in /. fiUforme, broad and very ob-
tuse, and tlic subulate tips to the celLs are very niinute or wliolly wanting. —
Pigea cahjciua, I)C. Prod. i. 307 ; Solea cahjcina, Spreng. iSyst. i. 804 ;
Fifjea (jluuca, Endl. in Hucg. Enum. 5 ; lonidiiim glaucum, Steud. ; F.
Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 67 ; Flaminjiu aastrulatsica, Vriesc, iu Pl. Preiss. i. 3'J9,
as corrected, ii. 242.

"W. Australia. Svvau River, Huer/el, JDrainmond, rreiss, n. 1419 aud olhers;
Murchi^ou livcr, Oklfield.

3. HYMENANTHERA, Pv. Br.

Sepals nearly equaL Petals nearly equal, short. Anthcrs abnost scssile,
united in a tube round the pistil, the counectives all terminating in a iiiein-
braiie, and bearing on thcir backs an erect scale. Phicentas of the ovary 2
or rarely 3, each bearing 1 ovule. Style short, with a 2- or rarely 3-lobcd
stignia. lierry globular, small. Seeds 1 or 2, nearly globuhar. Cotylcdoiis
narrow. — Rigid shrubs or small trees. Leaves alternate, often clustered,
small, entire or toothcd, Avithout stipides. Fh)wers small, axillary, frequently
polygamous.

A sinall gcnus wliich, bosides the foUovving specics, compriscs one froui Norfolk Island,
and anothcr rroni Ncvv Zealand.

1. H. dentata, 11. Br. in DC. Frod. i. 31.5. A glabrous, rigid, much
branched shrub, oftcn attaining niany feet in heiglit, but low and scrubby in
alpinc situatioiis, the side branehes often converled into strong tliorns.
Leaves from oblong-elliptical to linear, obtuse or acute, usually i to H i»-
long, and markcd with a few iiTegular distant tecth, coriaccous, sessile or
narrowed into a short petiole ; on some luxuriant barren shoots they be-
coine niuch larger, membranous, and deeply toothed or lobed. Pcdicels soli-
tary or 2 togeliier, about 1 line long, witli a pair of minute bracts. Sepals
orbicular. Petals about 2 liiies loiig, the ereet portion twice as long as the
sepals, the obtuse tips spreading or reflexed. Conneetive of the anthers
with a fringed tcriiiiiial menibranc, involute on the edgcs, tlie dorsal scalc
liiiear, acute, as long as the eells. Female llowers in tlic normal form pedi-
cellate as well as ihe males, but smaller, with smaller, usually imperfect an-
thers. Stigma oecasioually 3-lobed, with 3 ovules, although' usually 2 only.
Berry of a inirplish colour, the size of a pea.— Bot. Mag. t. 3163; If.
Buu/csii, F. ]\IuelI. PI. Vict. i. 69.

N. S. Wales, R. Broivn aud othcrs ; "Wolloudilly and Cox's rivers, A. CnnnlnaJiam ;
Ncvv Knghuul, /•'. Mueller.

Victoria. Shady baui^s of rivers, ci-eel<s, aud rivulcls, aud iissiu'cs of rocks lo Ihc
Jiiglicsi snmuats of thc Australiau Alps, /'. Mueller.

Ilymenanlhera^ X. vioLARiEiE. 105

Var. angustifoHa. Leaves qiiite entire, linear-oblong or liuear-cnueate, obtuse, and not •
more than 1 in. long. Flovvers aliuost sessile, tbe dorsal scale of the anthcrs broadly ob-
ovate. In all the Howers I have exaniined, both the antlicrs aud the style appear to be per-
fcct.— 7/. aiifjustlfulia, R. Br. iu DC. Prod. i. 315 ; Hook. f. FI. Tasm. i. 27.

Tasmania. Northcrn parts of the ishind. Port Dalrymple, R. Broicn ; Launcestqn
aud summits of the ■Westcrn jNIouulains to 3000-4000 ft., Arthur's Lakes, aud Vale of Belvoir,
Guiin, J. D. Ilooker. From the examiuation of uumerous specimens, wild as well as culti-
vated, I had retained this form as a distinct species ; but as F. jNIueller assures mc that in
cultivatiou it passes iuto tlie normal form, I havc followed him iu uniting it with H. dentata
as a variety ouly.

Ordeii XI. BIXINE^.

"Flowers regular. Sepals 2 to 6, usually 4 or 5 and imbricate. Petals
either none, or as many as the sepals, or indefinite, imbricate or contorted iii
the bud, deciduous. Stamens hypogynous or slightly perig^Tious, indefi-
nite or very rarely definite. Anthers 2-ceUed, opening by longitudinal slits or
rarely by terminal pores. Torus often bearing glands or a glandular disk.
Ovary free, usually 1-celled, with 3 or more, rardy 2 or 1, parietal placentas.
Styles or stigmas as many as placentas, free or united. Ovules 2 or more to
each ]3hicenta, amphitropous or anatropous. Pruit succident or dry, opening
in valves, bearing the placentas in the middle, or indehiscent. Seeds usually
iaw, witli a copious and fieshy or rarely thin albumen. Embryo in the axis,
straight or curved, the radicle next the hilum, the cotyledons usually broad.
— Trees or shrubs, in oue genus twiners. Leaves alternate, simple, and often
toothed, or rarely pahuately lobed or divided. Flowers axillary or terminal,
solitary or iii clusters, corymbs, racemes, or panicles.

A considerable Order, dispersed over the tropical or warm regions both of the old and the
new world. Of the Australian genera, three are comrnon to Asia and Africa, two of the
tliree beiug also Americau. The specics, howcver, are all endemic, as is also the fourth auo-
malous geuus.

Anthcrs long, opening in tcrminal pores. Seeds curved. Trees

or shrubs. Leavcs digitate. Plowers large 1. Cochlospermum.

Authers small, opcning longitudiually. Seedsstraight. Trces or
shrubs. Leaves simple. Flowcrs small.
Sepals -l to 6. Petals as mauy. Authcrs with an appendage 2. Scolopia.
Sepals 4 to 6. Petals none. Anthers without auy appeudage 3. Xylosma.
Anthers long, openir.g longitudiually. Embryo^very small.

Stem twiuiug. Leaves simple .*.... 4. Stkeptothamnus.

1. COCHLOSPEIIMUM, Kunth.

Flowers hermaphrodite. Sepals 5, imbricatc, deciduous. Petals 5, large.
Stamens numerous. Authers oblong or linear, opening in terminal pores or
very short fissures. Placentas 3 to 5, projecting more or less into tlie cavity
of the ovary, with numerous ovules. Style simple. Capsule 3- to 5-valved,
the menibranous endocarp separating from the pericarp. Seeds kidney-
shaped or spirally cui-ved, covered with wool or bordered by h)ng hairs. —
Trees, shrubs, or rarely undershrubs, usually yieldiug a yellow juice. Leaves
palmately lol)ed or divided. llacemes loose, fevv-fiowered, in tiie upper axils
or iu termiual paniclcs. Flowers hirge, yellow.

106 XI. BIXINE.E. {Cochlosj)ennnm.

Besides the four following species, peciiliar to Australia, there is 1 kuowu from Southeru
ludia, 2 from Africa, aud about 5 from Soiith America.

Calyx aud inflorescence densely toracntose . \. C. Fraseri.

CJalyx and infiorescence glabrous or slightly glandular-pubesceut.

Leaves tomentosc, with short, rounded, obtuse lobcs 2. C. heteroneurum.

Leaves glabrous, with decp ovate-lauceolate or oblong lobcs . . . 3. (7. Gillivrcei.

Leaves glabrous, divided to the base iuto narrow-oblong, pedate

scgments 4. C. Gregorii.

1. C. Fraseri, PlancJi. in Ilook. Lond. Jonrn. vi. 307. Branclies gla-
broiis. Leaves unkuown. Flowers large, the racemes sliort, iu a loose co-
rymbose pauicle, tlic branches tomeutose. Pedicels aboiit ^ in. loug, densely
tomentose-pubesceut. Sepals broadly ovate, very obtuse, tomentose withiu
aud without, unequal, the inuer larger ones about f iu. long. Authers about
l^ liues loug.

N. Australia. Melville Island, Fraser.

In thc abscnce of the leavcs it would have l)ecu impossible to distinguish this species from
the East Indiau C. gossypiam, but that thc authcrs arc cousiderably shortcr, which may k'ad
oue to suppose thcre may bc othcr ditrerences.

2. C. heteroneurum, F. Muell. Herb. Youug brauches pubesceut.
Leaves nearly orbicukir, cordate at the base, attaining 4 or 5 in. diameter,
shortly divided iuto 5 to- 9 broad, rounded, very obtuse, aud creuate lobes,
tomeutose-pubesceut wheu young, nearly glal)rous except the priucipal
nerves whcn old, on petioles of 2 to 3 iu. Pauicle loose and many-tlowered,
glabrous, except a slight glandular pubesceuce on the pedicels and at the base
of tlie calyx. Flowers uot so large as in C. Fraseri, ou ])edicels uot ex-
cceding \ in., but leugtheuiug to l iu. after floweriug. Sepals very unequal,
quite glabrous, cxcept at the base, with very thiu edgos, the iuuer ones aboiit
^ iu. long aud very broad. Anthers as iu C. Fraseri. Ovulcs exceedingly
uumcrous, on 5 parietal placcutas partially projectiug into the cavity of the
ovary. Young capsule slightly toraentose.

N. Australia. Victoria river, F. Mueller, Wickhani.

3. C. Gillivraei, Benth. The specimeus are perfectly glabrous, except
a very slight pubcscencc on the branchcs of thc panicle aiul pedicels.
Lcavcs palmately dividcd to within ^ or \ in. of thc base, iuto 5 or 7 ovate-
lanceolate or obloug-acumiuate slightly toothed lobes, of which thc ccutral
largest oues are usually 2 to 3 in. Joug, the 2 outcrmost short aud very acumi-
uate. Pauieles short aud loose. Flowers as in C. heteroneurnm, or the sc-
pals rathcr larger. Capsule obovoid-oblong, rarely 3 in. long, truucate at
the top, and vcry much dcprcssed in the centrc. Sceds euvelopcd in a vcry
dcciduous wool.

Queensland. Lizard Islaud, off the N.E. coast, M' GiUivray ; Burdckiu river, F.
Mueller ; Port Dcuison, Fitzalan.

4. C. Gregorii, F. Mnell. Fraym. i. 71. A small tree, quite glabrous,
except a very slight glandular pubcscence on the branches of the iufloresccuce
and pedicels. Leaves pcdately divided to the basc into about 7 uarrow-lau-
ccolate cntii"e segments, the ccntral ones 2 to 3 in. long, the common petiole
3 to 6 in. Panicles apparently short and not uuich divided, or rcduced to a
siugle raceme. Pedicels about | in. long. Sepals and petals as iu the last

CoMospermumP^ xi. bixine^. 107

2 species. Style filiform, sliglitly thickeued towards tlie top. Outer sta-
mens, as iu alltlie other species, on longer filaments thau the inner ones, but
the diiiereuce is rather more decided iu this species. Placeutas 5. Fruit
uot seeu.

N. Australia. Rocky barren hills in the S.E. part of Aruhem's Laud, F. Mueller.
Thc fruit deseribed by F. Jlueller from Burdekin speciraens appears to beloug to the C. Gil-
licrcei, which has a very difterent foliage.

2. SCOLOPIA, Schreb.

(Phoberos, Lour.)
Flowers hermaphrodite. Sepals 4 to 6, slightly imbricate when very
young, but open long before floweriug. Petals as many aud uearly similar.
Stameus indefinite, inserted on the thickeued torns, with or without glauds.
Authers short, the couuective terminatiug in a thick process. Ovary^with 3
or 4 placentas aud few ovules. Style filiform, with au entu-eor lobed stigma.
Fruit a beiTy._ Seeds 2 to 4, with a hard testa. Cotyledous leafy.— Trees
ofteu armed with axilhuy spines. Leaves simple, with piuuate veius, entii-e
or toothed. Flowers small, in axillary racemes.

The genus is dispersed over southeru and eastern Afi-ica aud tropical Asia. The Austra-
lian species is eudemic.

1. S. Brownii, F. Mnell. Fragm. iii. 11. Perfectly glabrous in all its
parts. Leaves from ovate to oblong-lanceolate, mostly 'acumiuate, obtuse or
ahuost acute, rarely rounded at the top, \\ to .3 in. loug, always uarrowed
iuto a petiole of 3 to 4 lines, cutire or slightly uudulate-toothed, rather thick
aud smooth, obscurely triplinerved, biit all the veius less conspicuous thau iu
Uiost species, either without gLands or with 2 or 3 margiual glauds uuder-
ueath. E-acemes short aud axillary or forming a termiual panicle of 1 to 2
iu. Pedicels 2 to 3 lines. Calyx 4-cleft, smaller than iu S. crenata, appa-
rently persisteut. Petals 4, rather longer thau the calyx, deciduous. Sta-
meus uumerous, with slender filameuts, suiTouuded by a ring of glands, either
distinct aud shortly club-shaped or irregularly counate. Anthers small, the
process of the conuective glabrous and usually as loug as the cells. Pha-
centas 3, witli about 4 ovules to each. Stigma slightly 3-Iobed.

Queenslaud. Cape York, W Gillivray .

N. S. Wales. Hunter's River, ^. /r. 6'w//; Clareuce river, Wilcox ; Illawara, i/i?;-i.
Mueller.

This specics has much the foliage of some forms of the Indian C. crenata, but is readily
kuown by the'glands of the disk.

3. XYLOSMA, Forst.

FIowTrs dia3cious. Sepals 4 or 5, small, iuabricate. Petals noue. Male
fl. : Stameus indefiuite, often surroundcd by a glandidar disk ; anthers short,
without appendage. Feiuale fl. : Ovary iuserted ou au annidar disk, with 2
or rarely more placeutas, aud 2 or few ovules to each ; style eutire or di-
vided, with dilatcd stigiuas, or rai-ely stigma sessile. Beny small, iudehis-
ceut. Seeds 2 to 8, with a smooth crustaceous testa. Cotyledous broad. —
Trees, often thorny. Leaves toothed or rarely quite eutire. Flowers small,
axillary, clustured, or shortly racemose.

108 XI. BixiNEiE. [Xylosnm.

A genus widely dispcrscd over the tropical and snbtropical rcgions of thc ncw and the old
world. The only Australian spccics is eudemic.

1 . X. ovatum, Beuth. Glabrous in all its parts, the branohes short and
slender, rough with lenticels, and, in our specimens, witliout thorns. Leaves
inostly ovate, obtuse, aljout If in. long, quite entire, narrowed into a very
short petiole, thiuly coriaceoiis, with nuiuerous fiue retieulate veins ; a few
lower leaves short and ahuost orbicuhir, aud the upperones narrow. Male fl.
not seen. Female fl. very small, 5 or 6 together in very short axilhu-y racemes.
Pedicels about 1 bne long, in the axils of small, ovate, eiliate bracts. Sepals
4, orbicuh^r, cdiate, about ^ line long. Disk deeply lobed or divided. Ovary
ovoid, conical, but scarcely tapering into a distiuct style, with a broad, thick,
slightly 2-lobed stigma. Placeutas 2, very prominent, ibrmiug a complete
dissepiuient above the iusertion of the ovules, but far from meeting belovv.
Ovules 2 to each placeuta.

Queeusland. N.E. coast, A. Cumduf/ham.

This appears to coiuc uearest to X. orbiculatum, Forst., which, judginu; from Fiji Island
specimens, hus a similar almost sessile stigma, but its leavcs arc much largcr and broader,
and the ovary has 3 placcutas, a 3-lobed stigma, and morc than two ovulcs to cach pla-
centa.

4 ? STREPTOTHAMNUS, F. MueU.

Flowers hermaphrodite. Sepals 5, iud^ricate. Petals 5, niuch longertlian
the sepals. Stamens indetiuite. xVnthers oblong-liuear, tipped by a small
point, the eells opeuing lougitudiually. Ovary with parietal phiceutas and
numerous ovules ; style filiforui, with a peltate entire stigma. Fruit a bcrry.
Seeds several, witli a hard testa. Embryo very small, at tlie base of a copious
alburaen. — Glabrous twiners. Leaves alternate, petioLate, entire, 3-nerved.
Peduncles axilhny, 1-flowered.

Tlie genus is limited to Australia. It difTcrs from all Bl.cinea;, and ajjproaches Pltlu-
sporece in its climbing habit and very small embryo, whilst the floral charactcrs bring it
uearer to the tribe Oncoiieee of BLvinea. Tiie spccimcns I have secn have so very few
flowers that I have bccn uuablc to disscct auy mysclf, aud have taken thc charactcrs from
F. INIucller.

Leaves green on both sidcs. Disiv none 1. S. Moorei.

Leavcs pale or whitisli uudcrncath. Ditk toothcd 2. S. Beckleri.

1. S. Moorei, F. Mnell. Fragm. iii. 28. A pcrfectly ghnbrous twiner.
Leaves broadly ovate or obscurely cordate, acute or sliortly acuminate, 2 to 3
in. long, quite eutire, 3-nerved froui the base, scarcely paler underueath tlian
above, on petioles of ^ to 1 in. Pedicels about as long as the petiolcs, 1-
flowered. Scpals broad, about 1 liue long, persistent. Petals 2 or 3 tinies
as long, rather broad. Stamens very numerous ; filaments shorter than thc
anthers. Berry uearly 1 iu. long. Seeds ovoid-globuhu', about \\ linc dia-
mcter, cmbcdiled in pulp.

N. S. 'Wales. (^larcucc river, C. Moore.

2. S. Beckleri, F. Muell. Frafjm.. iii. 28. Closely resembles the last
species, but diifers iu the rather more acurainate leaves, paler uuderueath, a
(kiciduous calyx, the ovary surrouuded by a several-toothcd disk, a rather
louger style, and a more ovoid berry, with sraallcr sceds. Flowers uukuown.

N. S. ^Wales. Ckircncc aud Ilastiugs rircrs, Beckler.

XII. pittosporEjE. 109

Order XII. PITTOSPORE^.

Flowers herniaphrodite, reo-ular or oblique. Sepals 5, distinct and imbri-
cate, or rarely connate at the base. Petals 5, inibricate, the claws or narrowed
base usually erect and connivent or cohering iu a tube, rarely spreadiug-
from the base. Staniens 5, liypogynous, free, alternating with the petals.
Torus small, rarely produced into a short gynophore, sometimes bearing 5
glands. Ovary 1-celled, with 2 or rarely 3 to 5 parietal placentas, or
divided into cells by the protrusion of the placentas, which often unite
in the asis, at least after flowering. Style simple, with au entire, small,
capitate, or dilated stigma. Ovides several, superposed in 3 rows on each
placenta, horizontal. Fruit either a capsule opening loculicidnlly, the valves
sometimes splitting also septicidally, or succulent and indehiscent. Seeds
several or rarely solitary in each cell, dry or cnveloped in pulp, with a thin
testa, smooth or rarely rauricate, and a hard albumen. Embryo very small,
in a cavity of the albumen next the hilum. — Trees, erect shrubs, or under-
shrubs, with tlexuose, decumbent, or twining branches. Leaves alteraate,
entire, toothed, or rarely lobed, Avithout stipules. Flowers white, blue, yellow,
or rarely reddish, terininal or axillary, solitary and uodding, or in short ra-
cemes, or corymbose panicles.

With the exceptiou of PUtosporiim itself, the geuera are all limited to Australia.

* Anthers ovate or oblong. Capsule deldscent. Petals (e.Kcept in Bursaria) erect

at the hase.
Trees or ereet slirabs. Petals erect at the base. Capsule tliick or
coriaceous. Seeds several.

Seeds thick, not wingcd. Flowers usually small 1. Pittospoiil'M.

Seeds llat, horizontal, winged. riovvcrs large, ycllow .... 2. HyMENOSPORUM.
Erect shrubs, oftcu prickly. Petals small, spreading from the hase.
Capsule thin, small, and llat. Seeds 1 or 2 in each ceU, vcrtical,

Hat 3. BURSARIA.

Undershnibs or twiners. Petals erect at the base. Capsule mem-

branous or thinly coriaceous. Seeds thick or horizoutal . . 4. Marianthus.

** Anthers ovate or oblong. Berrg indehiscent. Petals erect at the base.
Prickly shrub, with sniall leaves aad small sessile solitary flowers.

Berry globidar 5. Citriobatxis.

Undcrshrubs or twiners. Plowers pedunculate. Beny ovoid or

oblong 6. BlLLARDIERA.

*** Anthers linear, or longer than the filaments. Petals spreading from the base, or
nearlg so. Undershriibs or twiners.
Fruit a berry.

Anthers distant, recnrved or revolute, opening lougitudinally . . 7. Pronaya.

Anthcrs couuivcnt round the style, opeuing iiiwards 8. Sollya.

Fruit dchiscent. Anthers turued to one side, opening in terminal

porcs 9. Cheirantuera.

1. PITTOSPORUM, Banks.

Petals usually connivent or cohering in a tube at their basc or above the
middle. Anthers ovate-oblong. Ovary sessile or shortly stipitate, incompletely,
or alraost complctcly 2-celled, or rarely 3- to .5-celknl ; style sliort. Capsule

110 XII. PITTOSPOREyE. [PUtosporum .

globose, ovate or obovate, ofteii laterally comprcssed ; tlie valves coriaeeous or
tliick and hartl, bcaring tlie placentas along their ecntre. Seeds thiek or glo-
bular, not winged, oflen enveloped in a viscous liquor. — Shrubs or trees, gla-
brous, or rarely tomentose. Leaves usually evergreen, eutire or minutely
toothed, the uppcr ones frequently coUeeted into a false whorl. ¥lowers not
large, axillary or terrninal, solitaiy or in close corymbose panicles.

A large genus, dispcrsed over the wariner regions of Africa, Asia, the Pacific islauds, and
New Zealaud. The Austi-alian spccies arc a)l endcmic exccptiug oue which is common to
easteru tropical Asia aud the easteru Archipelago.

riowers uumerous, small, in compouud terminal corymbs, with the
lovver brauchcs axillary.

Leaves ovate-rhomboid, toothed. Sepals obtuse 1. P.rhombi/ulium.

Leaves from obovate to oblong or lanceokte, quite eutire.
Scpals subuhate or subulate-pointed.

Youug leaves aud inflorcsceuce rusty-tomeutose 5. P.ferrugineinn.

Plaut glabrous 2. P. melanospermnm.

Pcduucles all terminal, clustered, short, each bcaring a short simple
cyme or umbel.
Glabrous, or the youug shoots and intlorescence very slightly

pubescent. Flowei-s about ^ in. loug 3. 2'. undulatum.

Young shoots and iuflorescence rusty-tomentose or hirsutc.

Flowers about i in. Capsule f in., very rough 4. P. revolutum.

Flowers 3 to 4 lines. Capside under ^ iu.

Leaves ou loug petiolcs, ovate to oblong-lauceolate. To-

meutuni short and crisp .5. P.ferrugineum.

Leaves uearly sessile, obloug-lanceolate. Tomeutum almost

hirsute G. P. ruliginosum.

Pedicels asillary, solitary or clustered, 1-tlowered, the uppermost
sometimes iu a termiual cluster.

Leavcs glabrous, flat. Flowers yellow 1. P. philhjrwoides.

Leaves revolute on thc margius, glabrous al)ovc, tomcntosc or

silky uuderneath. Flowers purplc and yellow 8. P. hicolor.

Doubtful specics. Leaves very small. Flowers terminal, 1 liue

long 9. P. parvijlorum.

1. P. rhombifolium, A. Cnnn. in Hook. Ic. Pl. t. Q>2\. A trce, attain-
ing, accordiiig to A. Cunniiigham, 00 to 80 ft., glabrous in all its parts.
Leaves rhomboid-oval or rarely broadly oblong-lanceolate, mostly 3 to 4 in.
long, eoarsely and ii'regidarly toothed from the middle upwards, narrowed
into a petiole of i to 1 in., coriaccous and shining, but with the pinnate and
netted veins prominent on both sides. Plower white, nunierous, and rather
small, in a dense tcrminal conipound corymb, the branehes sometimes minutely
glandidar. Sepals obtuse, ratlier more than 1 linc. Petals oblong, about 3
lines long, spreading from bclow the middle. Ovary shortly stipitate, thc
thick placentas nearly mcetirig, cach bearing about 12 to 11 ovules. Capsule
more or less obliquely pear-shaped, or almost globular, usually about 3 lines
long, and ripening 2 or 3 black sceds.

Queensland. Wide Bay, -S/f//w7/; forests ou the Brisbaue river ; A. Cunningham ;
Araucaria rauge, between Brisbaue and Dawsou rivers and edge of the KiUaruey scrub,
near Warwick, F. Mueller.

N. S. 'Wales. Clarcnce river. Herb. F. Mueller.

This has some gcneral affinity, cspecially in intlorescencc, with Ihe East ludiau P. Jlori-
bundum, W. and Aru., but is quite distiuct both in foliage and flovvers.

FUtosporum.'] xii. pittospore/K.

111

3. P. melanospermum, F. Muell. Fracjm. i. 70. A small tree, quito
glabious, or with a scanty mmute gla.Klular pubescence on the inflorescence
L,^ves Irom obovate to oblong or even lanceolate, shortly acuminate, mucro-
nate or obtuse, 2 to 4 m. long, entire and flat or slightlv unchUat; on the
margm narrowed mto a petiole of 4 to 5 lines, coriaceous, but not shinino-
of a ])ale hue and prommently veined. Corymbs compound, terminal, many-'
flo vered, but shor er than the last leaves. Flowers small, the sepals subuhl
orknceolate-siibukte,the petals 3 or scarcely 4 lines bng, sp readino S n
abcHvt the middle. Ovaiy shortly stipitate, with 10 to 12 ov'ulis to each pla-
centa Capsule obhciuely globular or pear-shaped, somewhat compres ed
with few or sometnnes a single black seed. ^uiupicssea,

Queensland. Keppel Ba.y and several points of the N.E. coast, 7? Brown

lliere is one specimen, in the Hookerian hcrbarium. from A. Cuunin-ham mirked

Hunters Rn^r; but it is not in any other of the uumer^us collections we hte"t^^^^^^

locahty, nor from any other statiou in N. S. Wales

Island': 2i?r^"" ^'"'^"'^' ""'"'^^ ^''"''^- ^''^ ^"""'^' ^- ^-"»-«^^'«- ^ Whitsunday

3. P. undulatum, Vent. Hort. Ceh. t. 76. A tree, attainingin favour-
able situations 40 f ., or according to M'Aithur, 60 to 90 ft., rithouoh i^
barren exposed locahties it remains a shrub, quite glabrous, eicept a slioM
appressed pubescence on the young shoots and inflorescence. L aves f om
oval-oblong to lanceolate, mostly 3 to 6 in. long and acuminate, flat or Z
dulate on the margin, narrowed into a petiole of * to | in coriaceous -ind
shmmg w>th the vems little conspicuous /the upper^nes Wen Zost X? d
Feduncles several, in termmal clusters, much shorter than the leaves, mostly

b.se P t.l^ t 'r'r ^'1'"^' lancc^olate, acuminate, often connate at the
sessiie hn vl tl 9 r '"^' ^P^-^f^^"^§- 1^-«^ the middle. Ovary almost
sessile, hany, the 2 p acentas united at the base, each bearing numerous
ovules. Capsale nearly globular, rarely attaining i in., smooth,^vith hi k
onaceous valves aml nu,, seeds.-DC. Pro^d. i. 346 ; Andi-. Bot. E p^

t. 383 ; Bot. Reg. t. 16 ; P. Muell. PI. Vict. i. 71 and 224.
. ^C^'^^}f^' ^'°'^"ion al^out Port JiXcV&on, R. BroiV7i, Sieber n 091 ^^a „fi,^,.« .
C/:*»-"""^^ "^"' ""''''''■' ^°"^^^^'^^'^ ^° IlIawa;a'3?iS;.r\,^j'Ttfdd

Pny*« °l'*' rp^^''",'''^ ?} "''^'■^ ^^ ^"^"^^^ ^°i"'^*t districts, or rocky places about Western
Port, Buchan, Tambo, Broadi-ibb, and Snowy rivers,i?. Mueller.

vouno-^L^of ^^''^T' ^''t ^''^- ^'''- "^- ^' "• 27. A tall shrub, the
acumintp 9 \''T-'''T- ^''"''^ «^'^^e-^J^iptical or elliptical-oblong, shortly

verT hn t' 1 ^ '"V'°"^' ''^'''^^ "^^^"^'-'^^' "'^^•••«"■^^^ i"to ^ Petiole usually
Irolu n ntl ^«^^tnnes near i in., coriaceous, glabrous above when full
umwn .; underneath with a loose rusty tomentum easily rubbed oft; the
S n T 1 " ''"'°'^ •"^^^'■^^'^- ^eduncles terminal, kv^ or' solitary, usually
« Z? , """^' sometnnes a single, rather large flower, but more h-ec|uentlv
uPprK X "'? °'"^^°'' ^"^•>:"i'^«se raceme. Sepals hmccolate-subulate. Petals
rnS '/'^; ?^'' "^A" '""^''^ *° '''°''^ themiddle, shortly sprcading or re-
cuued at the top. Ovary vcry hirsutc, with very nnmeroJs ovules 1o each

112 XII. PITTOSPORE.E. [PiUosporiim.

placenta ; stigma pcltatc. Capsule |- to | in. Inng, the hard aliuost woody
valves roug-li outside. Sceds numerous, red or brown. — UC. Prod. i. 346 ;
Bot. Rcg. t. 186; F. Muell. Pl. Yict. i. 224; P.fuhinn, Rudge in Trans.
Linn. Soc. x. 298, t. 20 ; 1)C. 1. c. ; Sweet, Pl. Austral. t. 25 ; P. tomenlosum,
Bonpl. Jard. ^Mahn. 56, t. 21 ; Sweet, Fl. Austral. t. 33 ; DC. 1. c. ; P. hir-
sutum, Ludi, according to Piitlerl. Syn. Pittosp. 9.

Queensland. ^Moretoii Bay, Fitzala» ; Erishane river, A. Cunnivgliam.

N. S. TVales. Port Jackson to thc Bliie jMountains, Tl. Broic», A. Cunningham , aiid
others ; northward to Hastiugs and Clarence \\\cx, Beckler ; southwanl to Twofold Bav,
F. MucUer.

Victoria. Ridges ou the S.E. boundaiy of Gipps' Land, F. Mveller.

In one specimeu iu tlie Ilookeriau herbariuni, pcriiaps ia an al)normal condition, tho
flowers are in shorlly pedunculate umbels, both axiUary and terminal.

5. P. ferrugineum, Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2, ii. 27. A tree, flowering
sometimes as a slmib, but attaining aheight of 50 to 60 ft., the voung shoots
thicldy clothed with a loose rusty tomentuin Avhich soon wears oflt". Leaves
from obovate or ovate, and obtuse or scarcely acumiuate, to oblong or abnost
lanceolate, acuminate, and 3 to 4 in. long, quite entire, naiTowed iuto a
petiole of ^ to f in., rusty tomentose on both sides when very young, but
glabrous above, or on both sides when full grown. Peduncles terminal,
nsually clustcred several together above the htst lcaves, each one bearing a
cluster or umbel of ratlicr sniall flowers, but sometinies the eommon pedtuicle
grows out and the iuHorescenee becomes a thyrsoid or pyramidal jianicle, not
a corymb, as iu P. vidanospermriin. Sepals LnnceoL-ite or Lnnccohite-subulate.
Petals uarrow, about 3 lines long, spreading only above tlie middle. Ovary
villous, with 12 to 16 ovules to eacli placcnta. Capsulc sessile, nearly glo-
bular, scarcely 4 lincs broad, ripening usually 3 or 4 black seeds. — DC. Prod.
i. 846; Bot. Mag. t. 2075; P.tinifolium {linifolium by an error of the
press), A. Cunn. in Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. 1, iv. 109 ; P. ovatifolium, F. Muell.
Fragm. ii. 78.

Queensland. Moist rocky placcs, Eudeavour river, and Percy Islands, A. Cunning-
haiii ; Frauklaud Islauds, WGillivray ; dry ridges of Albany Islaud, F. Mueller.

Extcnds over thc Malayan pcninsula and adjoiuing islauds, aud the Philippines. Tbe
Australiau specimcns have rathcr larger llowers aud uarrower-pointed scpals than thc cora-
mou Malayau form ; but in this rcspect the Malacca specimens are very variai)le, some of
thcm preciscly rescmbiing some of the Anstralian oncs; aud I have never seen them so
olituse as figurcd in the ' Botanical Magazine,' eveu on old specimeus preserved from thc
cultivated shrubs from whence thc iigure was takcn.

6. P. rubiginosum, A.Cunn.in. Jnn.Nat . Hist. ser. l,iv.lOS. Branches,
petiolcs, and iiirtorcscence denscly clothed with a rust-colourcd tomcntura,
consistiug of much niore spreading liairs than in P. ferruginevm. Leaves
almost whorlcd, oblong-LanceoLite, acutely acuminate, 5 to 6 in. long, entire
or slightly siimate-toothed, narrowed at the base, but ahnost sessile, herba-
ceous, glabrous above, softly pubesccnt underneath. Pcduncles in our speci-
mens solitaiy, tcrminal, i to 1 in. loug, bearing an tmibel of several flowers
very simiLu- to those of P.ferruffineum. Fruit unknottTi.

Queensland. East side of Mount Cook, uear Eudeavour river, A. Cunningham.

7. P. phillyraeoides, Z>C. Prod. \. 347. A sinall graceful tree or
slender sln-ub, (piitc gLibrous in all its parts. Leavcs usuaUy oblong- or

Pillospornm^ xir. pittospore.e. 113

linear-lanceolate, with a siuall hooked point, 2 to 4 in. long, quite entire,
narrowed into a petiole, thick coriaceous and indistinctly veined, but in
some forms short and broadly obloug, in others long- and narrow. Pe-
dicels axillary, solitary or iii sessile or shortly peduiicuhite clusters or um-
bels, or tlie uppermost forming a terminal cluster. Tlowers yellow, usually
about 4 liues long, often dirocious, the females rather Larger and fewer
together than the males. Sepals short and very obtuse. Petals united to
the middle or still higlier, spreading at the top. Ovary pubescent, ahnost
completely 2-celled, witli 6 to 8 ovules in each celL Fruit ovate or round-
cordate, much compressed, quite smooth, varving from 4 to 9 liiies in length,
but usually about \ in. Seeds few, dark 'or orange-red.— Putterl. in Pl
Preiss. 1. 192 ; F. MuelL PL Vict. i. 72 ; P. amjmtifolium, Lodd. Bot. Cab.
t. 1859; P.lomjlfoUnm and P.Roeamm, PutterL Svn. Pittosp. 15, 16;
P. UgHslrifolimn, A. Cunn. in PutterL 1. c. 16, and in Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. l'
IV. 110; Putterl. inPL Preiss. i. 190; P. oUfefoUmn, A. Cunn. in PutterL
Syn. Pittosp. 17 ; P. acacioides, A. Cunn. in Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. 1, iv. 109 ;
P.salicmmn, Lindl. in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 97 ; P. lanceolatmn, A. Cunn. in
Mitch. Lc. 272 and 291.

N. Australia. Upper A^ictoria river and Sturfs Creek, F. Mueller.
Queensland. Bngalow scnib, MitcheU ; and Burdekiu river, Warwick, T. MueUer.
N. S.Wales. Narrau river aud N.W. interior, MitcheU ; generally dispersed over
the intenor, A. Cniiningham.

Victoria. Sandy, barren, or slony declivities aud plains dispersed tlu-ouo-h the desert,
r . Mueller.

S. Australia. Ou the eoast, R. Broicn ; Kangaroo Island, round Si)encer's Gulf and
other localities, F. Mueller.

W. Australia. Swan Rivcr, Bruinmond, Preiss, n. 1297 ; Bottenest Island, A Cun-
«>''[/\«>", Preiss; Dirk Hartog Islaud, A. Cunnimjham ; Murchisou river, Oldfield ■
Abrolhos islaud, Bpioe, Moore in llerb. Preiss.n. 1294.

This species, appareutly spread over the whole desert country of Australia, cannot be con-
louudcd with any other, notwithstauding the variability of the proportious of ifs leaves,
flowers, and trmt. In some of the western speeimens the leaves are barely 2 iuches lona:[
and fuUy \ inch wide, whilst in a large number of eastern and some westeru oues they attam
4 or 5 inclies m leugth with a breadth of ouly 2 or 3 lines.

8. P. bicolor, Hook. Jom-n. Bot. i. 249. A small tree, attaiuing in
some localities a height of 40 feet, remaining a bush in others, the young
branches hoary or rusty, with a close tomentura. Leaves usually cro^Aded',
oblong, lanceolate or almost linear, obtuse or with a short recurved point'
mostly 1 to 2 in. long, entire, the margins mucli revohite, uearly sessile or on
very short petioles, thick and coriaceous, glal)rous above, tomentose or silky
underneatli. Pedicels from 2 or 3 lines to nearly 1 in. long, axillary, clus-
tered or solitary, usually reflexed, the little bracts at their base numerous and
conspicuous, the uppermost pedicels often in a terminal cluster. Scpals ob-
long or lanceoLite. Petals purple and yellow, 4 to 5 lines long, frce or nearly
so, spreading from above the middle. Ovary villous, with lO^or more ovides
to each placenta. Capsule rounded, somewhat compressed, 4 to 5 lines
broad, toraentose, the valves not very thick. Seeds usually rather uumerous.
—Hook. f. FI. Tasni. i. 38; F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 72;>. discolor, Eegel,
Gartentl. i. 133, t. 15 ; P. Himjelianmn, Putterl. in Endl. Nov. Stirp. Dec.^43
(from the description given).

VOL. I. j

ll-i XII. 1'iTTOSPORE.i:. [Pittosporuui .

N. S. TVales ? E. extratropical Aiistralia, Knegel. (I havc iiot sccn Ihe specinieiis.)
Victoria. Tree-fcrn gullies, Ironi 'VVilsoii's rronioiitory to the Delatite viver, Dandeuo!ig

raiiaes, aiid ^lount Disa])])ointiiient ; also rangcs towards Caiie Otway and A])ollo Bay, aiid

!Mo\mt 'l'ambo, aseendiiig to siibal])iiie elevatioiis, F. Mueller.

Tasmania. R. Broiim ; throughout thc islaud, abuudaut in damp ravincs, ascending to

4000 tt., /. 2». Euoker.

Doubtfiil species.

9. P. (?) parviflorum, Putlerl.in Pl. Preiss. i. 189. A glabrous erect
slirub of 2 i't. Leaves obovate, 4 to 5 liiies long;, flat or concave, entire.
Peduucles terrainal, solitary or 2 together, scarcely 1 line long. Flowers
scarcely 1 line long. Calyx already fallen from the specimens described.
Petals 5, linear-lanceolate, terminated by a dot-like gland. Stamens not
seen. Ovary 3-celled, the placentas meeting in the centre, but not iinited ;
style filiform ; ovules 6 to 10 in each cell. Ripe fruit not seen.

W. Australia. Stony sterile places, York aud Wicklow districts, Pre/ss, n. 1290.
I have notseeii the speeiinen, but 1'roui the descriptiou giveu I inueh doubt ils belongiug to
Ihe genus or evcn to the Order.

2. HYMENOSPORUM, F. j\[uell.

Petals connivent or cohering in a tube to a])ove the middle. Anthers
ovate-oblong. Ovary incompletely 2-celled; style short. Capsule ovate,
compressed, with thick coriaceous valvcs. Seeds numerous, horizontally im-
bricated, flat, renilbrm, surrounded by a membranoiis wing. — A shiub or tree,
with the habit of Pittosporum, from which it only dilfers iu its large flowers
and in its seeds.

The geuus is liinited to a single species, endemic iu Aiistralia.

1. H. ilavum, F. Muell. Prufjw. ii. 77. A handsome evergreen shrub
or tree, glabrous, except a loose pubescence on the inflorcscence, and some-
timcs on the under side of the leaves. Leaves ovate-obloug or oblanceolate,
acinninate, entire, from 3 to 5 or even 6 in. long, uaiTowed into a petiole of
\ iu. or more, the upper ones often alniost verticillate. l'anicle terminal,
loose, corymbose, often G to 8 in. diametcr, witli small linear or lanceolate
bracts. Tlowers large, yellow. Sepals oblong-lanceolate, 3 to 4 liues long.
Petals silky-tomentose outside, the erect base or broad claws uearly 1 in., the
spreading lamiua uearly \ in. long. Ovary liuear, silky-tomentose, with
numerous ovides. Capsule stipitate, niuch fiattened, fidly 1 in. long aud nearly
as broad. Seeds, inclnding the wing, fully 4 liues broad. — Pittosporum
Jlavuw, llook. Bot. Mag. t. 4799.

Queensland. "NVidc Bay dislrict, Bidicill ; Moreton Bay and Bi isbanc river, F. Mueller ;
Ipswich, Vertiet.

N. S. 'Wales. Paterson's River and ITunter^s River, Tl. Brown ; Port Stephens, A.
Cunnhiyham ; ISIacleay river, Beclcler ; Clareiice rivcr, Wilcox ; Lake Macqiiarie, Leich-
hardt.

3. BURSARIA, Cav.

Petals narrow, spreading froui uearthe base. Anthers ovoid. Ovary in-
completely 2-celled ; style sliort. Capsule shortly stipitate, flat, broadly or-
bicular, opening round the edge, with thinly coriaceous flat valvcs. Seeds 1

Bitrsaria^ xii. pittospoke.^. II5

or 2 in each cell, flat, reniform, not wingecL— Eig-icl, nmcli branched shrubs
or trees, often thoriiy. Leaves small, entire. Flowers small, in terminal
panicles. Sepals very fugacious.

The genus is limited to the following one or perhaps two Australian specics.
]. B. spinosa, Cav. Ic. iv. 30, t. 350. A shrub or small tree, occa-
sionally attaining the height of 40 ft., in the orclinary state ghabrous, and
when young very bushy, the smaller branches often reduced to short suliidate
thorns. Leaves very variable, most frequenlly clustered, obovate, oblong or
cuneate, obtuse, truncate or notched, \ to 1 in. long, narrowed at the blise,
and sometimes shortly petiolate, green on both sides ; in luxuriant specimens
they vary to oblong-lanceolate, 1 to 2 in. long ; in a few others they have oc-
casionaily a few coarse teeth at the top ; and in the var. incana they are
thicker, and Avhite underneath with a silky tomentum. Flowers white, usually
very numerous, in a broad, pyramidal, terminal paiiicle, arranged along its
branches in short racemes, on pedicels of 1 to 3 lines ; occasionally the pani-
cles are reduced to short racemes or to 1 or 2 terminal flowers. Bracts rainute
and very fugacious. Sepals small, also feUing oft' long before thepetals open.
Petals narrow, about 2 lines long. Capsule 3 to 4, lines or, in the var. incana
sometimes 5 lines broad.— DC. Prod. i. 347 ; Bot. Mag. t. 1767; Ilook f
n. Tasm. i. 39 ; F. Muell. PI. Vict. i. 74 ; Itea sj)inosa, Andr. Bot. Kep.
t. 314.

N. Australia. About the Gulf of Carpentaria, rare, and onlv the var. inca/ia F
Mueller ; N.E. coast, A. Cunninyham.

Queensland. Brisbaue river, Moreton Bay, and near Warwick, T. MiieUer.

N. S. Wales. Common in all forest lands, R. Brown, Sieber, n. 281, and others.

Victoria. Commou iu all the lowhmds as well as in the mountain districts, F. Mueller.

Tasmania. Abundant throughout the island, /. B. Hooker.

S. Australia. Extends westward at least to Streaky Bay, F. MiteUer.

W. Australia. Champion Bay, Oklfield, only the var. incana.

Var. (?) incana. Young shoots, intlorescence, and uuder side of the leaves white or hoary,
with a soft and densc, or close and thin tomeutum. In the original specimensthe leaves are
2 to 3 in. long, but they pass gradually, in other specimens, into small obovate or obloug
ones. They are, however, usually more robust, and the flowers, and especially the frnits,
no*!*^'"^,.»'^^ ^^"" "' ^"^^ normal B. spinosa.—B. incann, Lindl. in ]\litch. Trop. Austr!
^24. This appears tobethe morecommou variety in thetropical and subtropical i-e"-ions and
the only one hitherto found in North or West Australia. It estcnds also soiithward to the
desert tract on the Murray and Snowy rivers, iu Victoria. I feel much hcsitation in follow-
ing 1. Muellcr m uniting the two forms in one species.

A third rather distinct variety, or perhaps a peculiar state of the common one, has very
small leaves, nnmerous thorns, and only very few flowers, with louirer aud more permaneut
sepals. Very characteristic specimens were collected on the Glenelg river bv Mr Eo-
bcrtson. ^

4. MARIANTHUS, Hueg.

(Calopetalum, Harv. ; Oncosporum, Puiterl. ; and Rhytidosporum, F. Muell.)

Petals connivent at the base or above the middle, spreading at the top.

Anthers oblong or ovate, shorter than the filaments. Ovary sessile or shortly

stipitate, usually completely 2-ceIIed, glabrous, except verv rarely in M. laxi-

florits. Capsule ovoid or oblong, turgid or slightly compressed,'niembraTious

or shghtly coriaceous, the valves sometimes splitting septicidally, Seeds

ovoid, reuiform or globular.— TJudershrubs, with procumbent, flexuose, or more

I 2

116 XII. PiTTOSPORE^. [Mari.a>il/i7(S.

frequently twiniiig branches. Leaves entire, toothed, or the lower ones oc-
casionally lobed. Flowers bliie, white, or reddish, iu termiual compact pani-
cles, usually corymbose or abnost umbellate, rarely solitary or apparently
axillary trom the extreme shortness ol" the flowering branch.

The geiuis is limited to Australia. It ilifTers from Billardiera solely in thc capsular not
baceate fruit, which is thecausc of several spccies having; been (lescribed in both geiu-ra when
the fruit luis not bcen seeu. The pctals are iu gcueral move spreading than in BiHardiera,
but M. hignoniaceas has a tubular corolhi, aud the cymosc Billardicras have the flovvers of
Marianthus.

Sekiks I. Procumbentes. — Branche.^ .short, procnmhent or JIe.riio.ie, not tivining.
Leaves crowded. Pedicels 1 to .3, terminal. Sepa/s ver// poin/ed. Petals sjjreadivg
from below the midd/e. Seeds ovoid-reniform, transoerse, and laierally attached.
Leaves small or heath-like, ghibrous or hispid with a fevv setse.
Flovveriug pedicels shorter than the leaves. Seeds uiuch

vvriukled 1. M. procumhens.

yioweriug pedicels muchlonger than thc leaves. Seeds nearly

smooth 2. M. microphyllus.

Leaves broadly obovate, \ in. or morc, vcry hairy. Seeds smooth 3. M. vil/osus.

Series n. Oncosporese. — Tmners. Leaves distinct/ij petio/ate, ovate-lanceolate or
lanccolate, very ohtnse aiid cordafe at the hase. Sepals veri/ acute or suhulate. Petals
various. Seeds globular, muricate (or luherculate ?).
Flowers smail, iu loose termiual racenies or coryinbs. Petals
spreading from below the niiddle. Secds muricate.
Hairs loose, rather rusly. Ovules 3 or 4 in cach cell ... 4. M. granulatus.

Hairs silky-whitc. Ovules uiimerous 5. M. partiflorus.

Flowers rathcr iarge, ou a.xiilary pedicds. Petals united in a tube

above the middle. (Seeds tuberculate ?) 6. M. hignoniaceus.

Series IIL Normales. — Twiners, or rarehj branches short and flexuose, or nearly
straight. Leaves sessile, or narrowed into a petiole. Sepals very acufe or subulate. Pe-
tals blue or lohite, usucdly connivent to the middle. Seeds (where known) smooth, nearly
globular.

Pedicels 1 to 3, scssile amongst the last leaves, or axillary.
Leaves narrowed at the base. Ovary glabrous.
Pedicels slender, mostly above i in. Ovary distiuctly stipitate 7. M. Drummondianus.
Pediccls very short. Ovary scarcely contractcd at the base . S. M. tenuis.
Flowers in terniinal corynibs orshort racemes, usually numcrous.
LTpper leaves scssile, obtusc at the base. Corymb or raceme

loose aud fcvv-flowered 9. J/. Ia.riflorus.

Leaves narrowed iiito a jietiole. Corymbs many-tlovvercd.

Flowers bhie, often spotted. Sepals very hairy . . . .10. M. c(eruIeo-punctafus.
Flowcrs white. Sepals rigid, glabrous or slightly hairy.

Leaves laneeolate or linear. Stylc long aiid subulale . 11. M. candidus.
Leaves ovate or broadly lanceolate. Style short and

thick, with a broad stigma 12. M. florihundus.

Series IV. Fictse. — Twiners, or rarely hranclies short and flexuose. Leaves narrowed
into a petio/e. Sepa/s ovate or shortly lanceolnte. Petals red or slrcaked with purple,
very ohlique, and connivent to the middle. Seeds (where /cnotcn) smooth.
Filaments dilatcd, at lcast at the base. Twiners with red flowers.

Filauients dilatcd at the basc only !?>. M. eruhescens.

Filaments much dilated above the middle 14. M. ringens.

Filameuts scarcely flattcncd. Branches flexuose, or slightly
twiiiiug. Flowers strcaked.

Coryiiibs deuse. Pedicels stout, 1 to 2 lines 15. M. lineaius.

Corymbs loose, few-flowered. Pedicels slender, 3 to 4 lines . 16. M. jiictus.

Mariartl/iiis.] xii. pittospore.e. 117

1. M. procumbens, BaifJt. A low, prostrate or suberect, much
braiiched sbrub, the branches somelimes llexuose aud nearly 1 ft. long, but
usually uiuch shorter, ghibrous or slightly pubesceiit. Leaves crowded and
sessile, iu the uorthern varieties usually liuear or linear-cuneate, pointed, en-
tire or rarely toothed at the top, 4 to G lines long, rigid, with recurved raar-
gius ; in the southci-n forms usually shorter, raore cuneate or even obovate or
ovate, and ofteu toothed. Flowers small, white or tiiiged with red, solitary
or 3 or 3 together, terraiual or appearing axihary frora the shortness of the
flowering slioots, the pedicels 1 to 2 liues long and always shorter than the
leaves at the time of flowering, rather longer and recurved when in fruit.
Sepals laiiceolate-linear, very pointed. Petals about 3 lines long or smaller,
spreading from below the raiddle. Fihaments dihited to the raiddle. Ovules
6 to 8 in each cell of the ovary. Style short. Capsule truncate, 3 lines
broad, and not quite so long. Seeds usually 3 or 4 in each cell, ovoid-reui-
forra, transverse and hiterally attached, deeply wriukled. — Fittospormn pro-
cnriihens and P. nanam, Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. i. 275 ; Bursaria procumbenSy
Putterh Syn. Pittosp. 20; Hook. f. Fl. TasmTi. 39; B. diosmoides, Putterl.
L c. (frora the description, I have not seen Sieber's n. 554) ; B. Staartiana,
Klatt, in Linntea, xxviii. 568; Rhytidosportim procitmtjens, F. MuelL Ist
Gen. Eep. 10 ; PL Vict. i. 75 ; Campijlanthera ericoides, LindL in Mitch,
Three Exped. ii. 277.

N. S. TVales. Frcqiient about Port Jacksou and in tlie Bhie Mouatains, A. nnd R.
Ciiiininfjham, and otliers ; extendiiig nortliward to Clarence river, Beckler, aud southward to
Twofold Bay, F. MiieUer.

Victoria. Barren iorcst ridges and heath gronnd, not generally common aUhough no-
ticed in mauy localities, more frequent iu the eastern part of Gipps' Land, F. Mueller.

Tasmania. Coninion in saudy places throughout the island, /. D. Hoolcer.

2. M. microphyllus, Benth. Habit of the sraaller shorter-leaved
forms of M. prociiinbens. Steras apparently procuinbent, branched, uuder 6
iu. long, raore or less hirsute. Leaves crowded, froin obovate to oblong, ob-
tiise, rarely 2 lines long, the raargins recurved, all eutire in our speciraens.
Pedicels soUtary, terrainaL about 3 lines long wlien in flower, and ^ in. when
in fruit, aud ahvays several tinies longer than the hist leaves. Flowers larger
aiul apparently darker-coloured than in M. procnmbens. Petals about 4 bnes
long, spreading from a little below the middle. Filainents very slightly
diiated. Ovides at least 12 to each cell of the ovary. Style rather long.
Capsule 3 liiies loiig and not quite so broad. Seeds numerous, sraooth or
scarcely wriukled, but not quite ripein our specimen. — Oncosporum microphyl-
Inm, Turcz. in BuII. Mosc. 1854, ii. 365 ; Marianthns rhytidosporus, F. Muell.
Fragm. ii. 145.

■W. Australia, Dnimmoiid, hth Coll. n. 242 ; also Ilerb. Maeller.

3. M. villosus, Benth. Apparently a low procumbent shrub, with
short, slightly tlexuose, very liispid branches. Leaves rather crowded,
broadly obovate, \ to near f in. loiig, usually coarsely toothed, narrowed iuto
a short petiole, softly villous on both sides, or becoming almost glabrous above
wheu old. PediL-eL termiual or on veiy short side-branches, solitary or 2 or
3 together, very shortat first, and not 2 lines long when in fruit. Petals and
.staiiiens not seen. Ovary glabrous, with a long style. Capsule about 4 liues

118 XII. PiTTOSPORE.iJ. [Mariautkus.

long aiid 3 broad, witli about 5 seeds in eacli cell, ovoid-rciiiform, borizontal,
and laterally attaclied, as in M. procimbens, but not wrinkled. — Oncosponm
villoiiitm, Turcz. in l?ull. Mosc. 1854, ii. 365 ?
W. Australia, Drummoud, Coll. 1843, n. 176.

4. M. granulatus, Benth. A very slender twiner, tbe young sboots
and leaves looscly clotlied witli long, soft, spreading bairs, becoming at lengtb
glabrous. Leavcs distinctly petiolute, ovate-lanceolate or oval-oblong, acute
or obtuse, entire, and always obtuse at tbe base, the larger ones above 1 in.
long, tbose of tbe side-brancbes smaller, of a tbin texture. Flowers small,
3 to 5 together, in slender racemes or cymes, on fdiform pedicels of 4 to 6
liues. Sepals subulate-lanceolate, with loug spreading hairs. Petals aljout

2 lines. Anthers very small. Ovary glal)rous, with a subuhite style ; ovules

3 or 4 in eacb cell. Capsides nearly orbicular, turgid, membranous, glabrous,
aboiit 3 lines long. Seeds globular, strongly muricate. — Oncosporum yranu-
latum, Turcz. in Bull. Mosc. 1854, ii. 3GG.

W. Australia, Brummond, Coll. 1845, n. 210.

5. M. parviflorus, F. Muell. Frar/m.W.l'^^. \ ery nenr M. ffranulatus,
but not quite so slender, the young shoots silky-white, Avith long soft hairs.
Leaves distinctly petiolate, ovate-lanceohite or almost cordate-ovate, acute or
obtuse, tiie larger ones above 1 in. long, entire, softly hairy, witb a very silky
margin. Fiowers several, in sbort terminal or leaf-opposed racemes or co-
rynibs, not mucli longer than the leaves, on pedicels of 2 to 4 or rarely 6
lines. Flowers of M. granulatus or rather longer, tbe petals often 3 lines
long. Ovary loiiger, glabrous, witb a short style, and 10 to 12 ovules in
each cell. Capsules vcry turgid, about 2 lines long. Seeds several, globidar,
muricate.

"W. Australia. riaiitaf;cnct, Slirling, and Pcronnenip rangcs, Maxwell.

6. M. bignoniaceus, F. Muell. in Trans. Phil. Soc. Vict. i. 6, and Pl.
Vict. i. 77, t. 10. A very slender twiner, the young shoots silky-Avbite, but
soon becoming glabrous. Leaves distinctly petiolate, from ovate to oblong or
lanceolate, with a )'ounded or cordate base, obtuse or acute, quite entire,
usually f to li in. long, but some of the larger ones above 2 in. Pedicels
terminal or from the abortion of the Howering branches, axillary, solitary or
2 or 3 together, filiform, 2 or 3 lines long. Flowers pendulous, of a yellowish
or orange colour, f to ncarly 1 in. long. Sepals small, lanceolate-sidndate.
Petals luntcd in a tube to far above the michlle and only spreading at the
top, but soon separating at the l)ase also. Anthers snuill. Oi'arv silky-
villous, witb a very long subulate style, and 6 to 8 ovules to each cell. Cap-
svde olilong, turgid. Seeds globular and aj)parently tuberculate, but I have
not seen them in a good state.

Victoria. Shady rivulcts, springs, and cataiacts, and tissures of irrigated rocl<s, Scrra
and Victoria rangcs, aiid in thc Grampians, F. Mueller.

S. Australia. Shady baiiks of thc Onkaparinga aiid Mount Lofty rangcs, ascending
to .5000 l't., F. MiieUer.

Thc inllorcsccnce and shape of the flowcrs are innch more those of the majority of Billar-
dieras than of Marianihus, bnt the frnit is capsular. It is not BiUardiera latifolia,
Putterl., refericd to it by Klatt, iii Liiiiia;a, xxviii. 570.

119

Mariau//iiis.] xii. pittospoke^.

7. M. prummondianus, BentL A slender twiner, tlieyouno- shoots
antlleayes clothed with long, spreading, very soft, and rather rusty hairs or
rarely o^Librous. Leaves fromobovate to oblong-Ianceohite, mostlv acute or with
a sniail recurved poiut, i to 1 in. long, coarsely toothed or almost entire, sessile
or iiarrowed uito a very short petiole, the lowest ones sometimes deeplv cut
Fedicels teriuuial, 1 to 3 tooether, filiform, hairv, | to i iu. long. Se,5als
lanceolute-subulate, hairy. Petals about i iu.'long, spreadiug above the
middle Ovary stipitate, glabrous, with a sleuder stvle aud 3 to 6 ovules in
each cell. Capsule ovoid, very turgid, nearly i in. long. Seeds small, glo-
Dular, bmooth. — O/icoyjortcw, Brummondianim, Putterl. iu PI. Preiss. i. 194.
r.T" "'^'^^**'*]^^" Gravell.v places, Svvar. River, Freiss, n. 1288, Brmnmond, \st CoU. ■
Gordon nver and Ironstone h.lls, Toue river, 0/dJiM ; S.W. interior, Afa.v^e/l (the speci-'
men almost completely glabrous). . ^

8. M. tenuis, Bentk. A slender twiner, the young shoots with a few
sott spreadnig hau-s, but soon glabrous. Leaves 'lanceolate or oblono- or
the lower ones almost ovate, acute, 1 to U iu. loug, entire or with a few co°irse
distaut teeth, narrowed into a distinct petiole. Flowers small, axillary, soli-
tary or in short corymbs of 3 to 5, ou pedicels of not above 1 liue at the time
ot flowenng. &epals subulate, hairy. Petals 5 or 6 liues long, spreadino-
Irom abovc tne middle. Ovary glabrous, with a slender style. Fruit not
seen. — Jidlarchcra pnrcijlora, DC. Prod. i. 346.

0/^^V/^'*^*'"*^'*' ^™S'-aplier Bay, Leschenau/t ; Flinders Bay, Co//ie ; Cape Naturaliste,

9. M. (?) laxiflorus, Benth. A twiner, with the foliage nearlv of Bi/Iar-
cliera varufolia, the flowers and ovary more nearly those of M. candidus
and its aiies. Leaves sessile or nearly so, oblong or lauceolate, the lowest
toothed, tiie others entire, sddom above 1 in. lon^s glabrous as well as the
stem Flowers apparently white, m loose pedunculate coryrabose racemes on
slender pedicels, 2 or 3 times as long as the calyx, and much fewer in nuniber
and rather smfdler than in M. candidus. Ovarv glabrous or very sliohtlv
pubescent. Fruit unknown. '^ . o j
c "^•■^^s*^alia,2)»o«;/w/,r/; CapeLceuwiu, Co^AV; between Perth aud Kincr Georoe's
Sound, Harvei/; ncar kalgau Bridge, iMoui.t Barker, and Perougerup rauge,JIerd^. Mae//er.

„o^^; ?^* c^ruleo-punctatus, Klotzsc/i, in Linl; Kl. and Otto, Ic. Pl.
^Ji, t. [-2. \erynearly allied to M. candidus, nnd perhaps a small blue-
flowered variety. Poliage the same, but usually more pubesceut, at least on
the under side of the leaves. Sepals smaller aud more slcnder, and alwavs
c othed with long brown hairs. Petals as in M. candidus, but rather smaller,
blue, tlie upper ones geuerally, but perhaps not aiways, spotted iu the lower
pnrt with a darker colour. Style sleuder. Capsule oblong, with about 6
smooth globular seeds iu each cell, but not seeu quite ripe.— Putterl. in Pl
Preiss. 1. 196. ^

ft,P "^,'*^****V*- S."'-!'! Kiver, Drummoml, Co//. 184.3, n. 81, Preiss ; also, anparentlv
the same, but pcjhaps wuhout spots, Cape Naturaliste, 0/dJie/d.

11. M. candidus, Ihmj. Enum. 8. A taU twiuer, either glabrous or
with a shght pubesccnce on the young shoots, under side of the leavQs and in-
florescence. Fn-st leaves occasionally toothed or lobed, all the others quite

120 \ii. PiTTOSPORE.-t;. \_MuruuUktis.

eutire, tlie lower ones sometiiiies ovate-lanceolate, 3 to 4 iii. long, the npper
oues lauceolate or linear, 3 to 3 in. long ; acuminate and uarrowecl into a
petiole, or tlie \ipperinost almost sessile, ratlier tirm, with recurved marfj;ins.
Flowcrs wliite, usually numerous, in ratlier dense termiual pedunculate
corymbs. Sepals lanceolate, very pointed, rather stift", 2 to 3 liiies loug.
Pctals about 8 liucs, obovate, acute, and spreadiug irom above the middle,
witli uarrow erect claws. Ovary ghibious, narrowed iuto a short stipes, witli
a subulate style at least as loug as the ovary, and small stiguia. Capsule
obloug.— Pattcrl. lu ?1. Preiss. i. 195.

W. Australia. Frcqiieut about Swau Kiver, Hupgel, Druminond, Prcliss, n. 1285, aud
others ; Flinders Bay, Col/ie.

12. M. fioribundus, Pittterl. iu Nov. Stlrp. Dec. 61.— Allied to M.
cancUdiis, but a larger ))laut aud cpiite glabrous. Leaves (of the flowcriug
branches) ovate or very broadly lanccolatc, acumiuate, 3 to 4 in. long, 1 to
\h in. broad, cpiite eutire, narrowed iuto a petiole. Flowers usually numc-
rous iu a peduneulate corymb. Se])als lanceolate, very pointed, rigid, about
3 lines long. Petals apparcntly white, 'J to 10 lines long, sprcadiug tVoin
above tlie middlc, and acute as in j\[. candidns. Ovary sessile, narrowcd at
the top iuto a veiy short thick style, with a broad capitate stigina.

VJT. Australia. Kiiig George^s Sound, JJuegel, Ilarcey ; jMair's statiou on tlie Toue
river, Clarke ; Mount Clarence, Olilfield.

13. M. erubescens, Pntterl. in Nov. Stirp. Dec. 60, and Pl. Preias.
i. 197. — Twining from a woody base aud cjuite glabrous. Lcaves narrow,
oblong-lanceolate or linear, obtuse or scarccly acute, 1 to 2 lines long, cntirc,
narrowed into a petiole, almost coriaceous. Flowers red, 3 or5, in sessile or
shortly pedunculate terminal or axillary corymbs, or rarely solitary, on sleuder
pedicels of 1 to 3 lines. Sepals broadly lauceolate, about Ij lines loug,
with scarious edges. Petals about 1 in. loug, thc laininpe very oblicpie
and nanowcd iuto loug curved claws. Authers oblong, the long slcnder tila-
nients shortly aud broadly inembrauous at the base. Ovary glabrous, with a
long slender stvle. Youug fruit as in M. rinrjens. — M. pttrpiireits, Turcz. in
Buil. IMosc. 185 t, ii. 364.^

W. Australia. Svvan River, Ilnegel, Drummond, Cotl. 1843, n. 78, and Coll. 1848,
n. 96, Preis,<!, n. 12y2 ; belweeu Perth aud Kiug G('orge's Sound, Harveij ; Salt river, Herb.
F. Mueller.

14. M. ringens, F. Mttell. Frnf/m. i. 218. — Twiuiug from a woody
base, aud citiicr (jiiitc glabrous or with loug silky hairs ou the young leavcs.
Leaves from broadly lanccolate to liucar-acuminate, 2 to 3 iu. loug, narrowed
iiito a petiolc, coriaceous aud (piite cntire. Flowers red, in deuse teriniual
corymbs usually shortly pcdunciilate. Scpals oval-obloug or broadly laucco-
late, about 2 liucs loug. Pctals very oblicpie, from f to 1 in. long, with an
obovate spreadiug lainiua, thc long crect claws rathcr l)road and at tirst co-
hcriiig. Filaincnts much dilatcd and petal-likc, especially above tlie middle,
aud suddciily contracted into a sliort subnlatc poiut bcariug an oblong authcr.
Ovary glabrous, with a loug tiliform style. Capsule oval-oblong. Sceds
niaiiy, luore or less angulnr. — Culopelatitni, rimjens, Drumm. and Harv. iu
Hook. Kew Journ. vii. 53.

f

Jlariatit/ius.] xii. PiTTOsPOiiE.i:. 121

VIT. Australia. CIiai)inau river, Drmnmond ; Chaiiipion Bay, Burges ; Murchison
rivcr, Oldjield ; Greenough river, Walcot.

15. M. lineatus, F. Mnell. Tragm. i. 217, and ii. 182. — Slinibby aiid
glabroiis, with rigidly iiexiiose or sliortly twining branches. Leaves oblong-
lanceolate or linear, obtuse or with a iniuute point, 1 to 2 in. long, narrowed
into a short petiole, ratlier coriaceous. FloAvers in dense terminal, almost
sessile corymbs. Sepals ovate or ovate-hmceolate, rarely more than 1 line
long. Petals 6 to 8 Unes, oblicpie, but less so than iu M. pictns (yellowish ?)
wdtli purple strealis, obovate and spreading at the top, gradually narrowed
into broad claws. Filaments snbulate. Ovary sessile, with a subidate style.
Capsule liard, tlie \«alves ofteu splitting septicidally. Seeds numerous, closely
packed and much flattened.

^V. Australia. Sandy and rocky situations betweeu ^Yhite Peak aud Murchison
river, Oldfwld.

16. M. pictus, Lindl. Swan Riv. App. 22.- Shrubby aud glabrous, with
sleuder twiggy, tiexuose or half-climbing branches. Leaves elHptical or lan-
ceolate, obtuse or with a sraall point, -g- to 1 in. long, narrowed at the base
into a short petiole or almost sessile, entire or toothed, rather coriaceous.
Flowers few, iu short terminal racemes or corymbs, the slender pedicels usually
3 or 4 lines long. Sepals ovate, i to | line long. Petals 6 to 8 lines, more
oblique and curved than those of M. lineatns, streaked with puifjle, narrowed
into a short claw. Pilaments tiliform. Ovary sessile, with a subulate style.
Capsule ovoid-oblong, rather coriaceous, the valves splitting septicidally.
Seeds nearly globular or angular. — Oncosporum i/coZor, Putterl. Syn. Pittosp.
21, in part, as quoted in Pl. Preiss. i. 198.

"W. Australia. Svvan River, Drunimond, \iit Coll. and Co//. 1843 n. 77; Preixs, ti,
1286.

5. CITRIOBATUS, A. Cunn.

(Ixiosjioruui, F, ^luell.)

Petals connivent or connate to above the middlc, in a cylindrical tube
spreading at the top. Anthers oblong, shorter thau the tilaments. Ovary
1-celIed, with 2 to 5 parietal placentas; style short. Fruit coriaceous or
hard, globulur, intlehisceut. Seeds few or niauy, nearly globidar, often en-
veloped in a viscous liuid.- — Kigid, much branched shrubs, armed with short
thorns or abortive branches. Leaves small, entire or toothed. Flowers small,
sessile and solitary, surrounded by small sepal-like bracts.

The genus is limited to Australia.

Piacentas 2, with 8 to 10 ovides cach. Fruit 2 lo .5 liues diainetcr,

with lew seeds \. C. muliiflortis.

Phiccntas h, with vcry numerous ovulcs. Fiuit 1 in. diameteror largcr,

wiih nuincroiis secds 2. 6'. paucijtorus.

1. C. multiflorus, -/. Cunn. in Loud. I/ort. Brit. (nanie only), and in
I'nllerl. Sijn. Piitosp. \. — A straggling or prostrate very much branched shrub,
with slender branches, rough with a nnuute pubescence, and beaiing nume-
rous subulate thorns or abortive branehes. Leaves sessile, ovate, orbicular,
obovate, or broadly cuneate, usually 4 to 6 lines long, eutire or witli a few

122 XII. piTTOSPORE.^. {Citriobutus.

smnll pointed or prickly teeth, rather thin, green and glabroiis on both sides.
Flowers about 2 lines long, always solitary in the axils, and not very ninne-
rons on the bnsh, notwithstanding the specific name. Ovary pubesceut, with
2 parietal placentjc, aud 8 to 13 ovules to each. Berry 2 to 5 iiues diameter,
containing tVom two to above a dozen seeds which are uot viscid.

Queensland. Brisbane river, A. Cunningham, F. Mueller.

W. S. 'Wales. Danip sliady woods aud bushy places, Port Jackson to the Blue ^ronn-
taiiis, A. CunniiKjliam aiid otliers ; northward to tiie iMaclcay, llastiugs, and Clarence rivers,
Beckter ; soutiiward to Illawarra, A. Canniny]iam and others.

2. C. pauciflorus, A. Cunn. in Lond. Hort. Brit. Siippl. 585 (iiaoie
onh/). — Ilabit of C. mullijtorus, but stouter and luore rigid, the branches
simitarly rough, with a niinute pubescence, arid thoruy. Leaves from obovate
to cuneate-oblong, rarely orljicvdar, mostly eutire and obtuse, but occasionally
mucronate or truncate and 3-toothed, rarely exceeding \ iu. in leugth, often
petiohite aiul more rigid than in C. multijiorus. Flowers larger than in that
species, the petals 4 to 5 lines loug, uuited iuto a complete tube to f of tlieii"
lengtli. Ovary pubesceut, with 5 parietal placentas, covered with inuumera-
ble minute ovules. Style longer than iu C. inultijlorus. Fruit attaining 1
to Ij^ in. diameter, with a thick coriaceous pericarp. Seeds nunierous, in a
viscid pulp. — Ixiosporus spinescens, F. Muell. Fragm. Phyt. Austr. ii. 76.

N. Australia. Careenins: Bay, N.W. coast, A. Cnnningham.

Queensland. E. coast, R. Brown ; in the scrub on the Fitzroy river, Thozet ; ncar
thc Dawsoti river, F. Mneller ; Castor creek, Leichhurdt.

Cuuniui;l>aui's specimen, in leaf with the reuiains of a fruit, is not anthentically nained,
but there is little reasou to doubt its beiu? tlie onc he liad iu view. There are, also, iu the
Hool<erian and in Mueller's herbaria speciuiens iu leaf only, which may prove to be oue, or
perhaps two, additionai species of Citriobatus, but they are iusufficient for determination.

6. BILLARDIERA, Sm.

Petals counivent or cohering in a tube to above the luiddle, spreading at
the top. Anthers oblong or ovate, shorter than the filaments. Ovary sessile
or nearly so, completely or rarely imperfectly 2-cellcd, glabrous or pubescent.
Fruit succuleut or fleshy aud indehisceut, ovoid or oblong. Seeds ovoid, re-
niform or globular, oftcn enveloped in a viscid pulp. — Vndershrubs, wilh tlie
branclics nsually twiuing. Leaves eutire or sinuate. Flowers greeuish-yel-
lovv, purple or rarely blue, either solitary or clustered aud pendulous, or iu ter-
niinal cymes and erect.

The iKcnus is limited to .\nstralia. It dilTers from Marianlhns only in the baccate not
capsular fruit. The solitary peudulons llowers, freqnent in Billardiera, are only iu one
speeies of Marianthus.

Pedieels solitary, or rarcly 2 or 3 tojjcether.

Pctals clou<;ated, sli^-htly sprendiut; at the top. Style lon<r and

filiform. Bcrry turgid, 1-celled "..".. ^. B.longijiora.

Petals sprcading from above the middle. Stylc short. Berry
oblong, 2-celled.
Leaves ovate, linear, or rarcly ovatc-lauceolatc, uiostly wavy on

themargin. '..'.. 2. B.scandens.

I.eaves oval or elliptieal-oblong, coriaccous, not waw.

Glabrous. Flowers solitary or very fcw . . . '. . . . 3. ^. coriacea.

Billardiera .] xil. pittospore.e. 123

Pubescent or silky-villous. Flowers usually several . . . 4. 5. cymosa, var.
Pedicels several, clustered or corymbose (as iu Marianthus). [scricophora.

Sepals lanceolate-subulate, flowers corymbose.

Coryrabs distinctly pedunculate. Petals about 5 lines long . 6. B. Lehmanniana.
Corynibs sessile, or very sbortly pedunculate. Petals 7 or 8
liues.

Sepals glabrous or silky pubescent 4. 5. cymosa.

Sepals hirsute 5. ^. variifolia.

Sepals ovate or ovate-lauceolate. Flowers in scssile clusters,
usiiaily nodding or peudulous.

Glabrous. Flowers solitary or very few 3. 5. coriacea.

Pubescent or silky villous. Flowers usually several .... 4. ^. cymosa, var.

\serico-phora.
{B. rosmarinifoUa, DC Prod. i. 345, described from specimens in leaf ouly, appears to
me to be a Mirhelia.)

1. B. longiflora, LabiU. Pl. Nov. Holl. i. 64. t. 89.— Stems twining,
sometimes very sbort, but often many feet long, glabrous or silky pubescent
when young. Leaves from ovate ancl not above \ in. long, to lanceolate or
linear, and 1 to l^ in. or rarely 2 in. long, obtuse or rarely acute, entire, ta-
pering into a very sliort petiole or ahnost sessile. Flowers greenish-yellow,
often changing to purple, penclulous on solitary terminal pedicels of |^ to 1 in.
Sepals hinceolate, iinely pointed, 2 to 3 lines long. Petals linear-cuneate, 1
to nearly \\ in. long, erect and shortly spreading at the top, forming an al-
most tubidar corolla. Ovary glabrous or slightly pubescent, with a long subu-
late style. Berry from uearly globidar to narrow-ovoid, turgid, becoming
unilocular from tlie disappearance of the half-dissepiment. Seeds numerous,
not enveloped in pulp. — DC. ProcL i. 345 ; Bot. Mag. t. 1507; Hook. f.
Pl. Tasm. i. 37 ; F. Muell. PL Vict. i. 78 and 225 ; B. ovalis, Lindl. Bot.
Eeg. t. 1719 (with short badly developed liowers) ; B. macrantha, Hook. f.
FL Tasm. i. 37 (with remarkably long flowers).

N. S. Wales. Twofold Bay, F. Mueller.

Victoria. Along shady rivulets and in damp mountain forests, ascending to subalpine
elevations, F. MueUer.

Tasmania, U. Broicn ; abundant throughout the island in thickets, etc, ascending to
3000 ft., /. I). Hooker.

2. B. scandens, Sm. Bot. Nov. Holl. i.t. 1. Steras twining, often to a
considerable e.xtent, or short and flexuose, nearly glabrous or more or less
silky or velvety-pidjescent, or hairy. Leaves from ovate-lanceolate to lan-
ceolate or linear, obtuse or with a recurved point, usually 1 to 2 in. long,
entire or often with unduhite margins, usually narrowed into a short petiole.
Flowers from greenish or pale yellow to violet or purple, pendulous on slender
terminal pedicels varying frora a hne or two to above \ in., solitary or very rarely
2 together. Sepals lanceolate or h\nceolate-subidate. Petals spreading from
above the middle, so as to form a narrow-campanulate corolla, 8 to lOHnes
or rarely 1 in. long. Ovary ghibrous or pubescent, 2-celled, with a very short
style and broad hollow stigma. Berries cylindrical or ovoid-oblong, 2-celled,
ghnbrotis or downy. Seeds numerous, in a close doid)le row in each cell and
embedded in pulp.— DC. Prod. i. 345 ; Bot. Mag. t. 801 ; Sweet, Fl. Austral.
t. 54; F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 79 ; B. latifolia, Putterl. Nov. Stirp. Dec. 47,
but not of Klatt, Linnsea, xxviii. 570; B. rjrandijiora, Putterl. l.c. 48 (all

124 XII. PiTTOSPOKE.i. {BiUarJiera.

tlic above rcfcn-iiig to speciinens with pubescent ovaries and fruits) ; B. mu-
iahiUs, Salisb. rarad. Lond. t. 48 ; Bot. iMao-. t. 13 1.3; DC. Prod. i. 34.5 ;
Ilook. f. Fl. Tasni. i. 37 (witli <i-labroiis ovaries and fruits) ; B. auijudifolia,
DC. Prod. i. 345 ; B. canarieusis, ^Vcndl. llort. lierrenh. t. 15.

Queensland. Wide Bay aiid Moretoii Bay, F. Mueller.

N. S. Wales. Port Jaekson, R. Broion, Sirber, n. 49.5, etc. ; northward to New
EnLrlaiid, Sh'iirt ; aud Ilastings river, Beckler ; soiithward to 'rwofoUl Bay, ¥. Mueller.

Victoria. Stoiiy and rocky declivities, chicfly aiiiougst scrub, along rivers, aud iu
inoist Ibrest couiitry ihrough thc westeru aud eastern parts of tiie colony ascendiug to the
Alps, F. Murllcr.

Tasmania. SiiffclayCy soils iii the northrru parts of the island, /. D. Ilonler.

S. Australia. iMouut Gainbicr, at tlie S.E. cxtremity of tiiP, colony, F. Muellrr.

Var. brnc/nnnil/ia. Softly hairy. Leaves narrow, uudulate. Flowcrs al)out 3 togcther, on
shorter pcdiccls ; petals short. Ovary and fruit denscjy villous ; apparently couuectiug the
spccics with tiie var. sericophora of B. ci/mosa. — B. brac/ii/anl/ia, F. IMuell. ; Klatt, in
Liuuica, xxviii. 570. Butfalo range aud Mount Macedou in Victoria, F. Mueller, whoin 1
foliow in unitiiig iuto oue spccies the glabrous aud dovvuy-fruitcd forms of the coinnioa
eastern Billardicra.

3. B. coriacea, Bcnth. k. tall twiner, eitlicr perfectly ghibrous or tlie
voung shoots slightly silky-liairy. Leaves distiuctiy pctiohxte, froni broadly
oval to cllipticul-obloiig, obtuse or sliortly pointed, niostly l^ to 2|- in. long,
(piit,e entire and coriaceous. Pcdicels solitary, or 2 or 3 together, short and
terminal. Flowers pendulous, apnarently yellow, 8 to 9 liues long, resenibling
thosc of B. scanrk-m, bnt more contracted in the middle, tlie pctals slightly
spreading above the middle. Sepals ovate-lanceolate, finely pointcd. Ovary
glabrous or slightly pubescent, 2-celled. Berry cylindrical, very obtuse. —
Bronaija lalifolia, Turcz. in Bull. Mosc. 1854, ii. 363.

■W. Australia. S. coast towards Cape Riche, Brumiiioiul, ^t/i Coll. n. 240 ; East
]\Iouiit Barrcu aud l'hillip's rauges, Ma.vwell; Point Ilenry, OlJjield.

4. B. cymosa, F. Mudl. bi Trans. Vict. Inst. i. 29, and Pl. Vivt. i. 80.
Shriibby with thc branches more or less twining or sometiines short aud
flexuose, glabrons or tlie young parts and intlorescence silky-piibesceut.
Leaves usually lanceolate or oblong-linear, sessile or nearly so, obtuse or
shortly pointcd, 1 to 2 in. long. Coryuibs, in the typical forin, sevcral-
flowcrcd, shortly peduneulate or nearly sessile. Sepals, in the sanie form,
hinreolate-sid)ulate, glabrous or with appressed hairs. Petals 7 to 8 lines
long, sprcading from above the middle, usually bluish or violet-purple.
Oyary glabrous or silky-pubescent, 2-celled. Style short, with a broad hollow
stigma. Berry oblong, with numerous seeds embedded in pulp. — B. ci/mosa

, und B. pseiidoci/mosa, Klatt, in Linnasa, xxviii. 571.

Victoria. Dcscrt ou the Murray river aud its lower tributarics, and scrubby barrcu
ridgcs iii l?accliiis niarsli, /•'. Murtler.

5. Australia. Barren places aiid scrubby arid rangcs from Gnichen Bay to Vciius
Bay aiid .Mouut Reiuarkable, uol, rare, raugiug far iiiland.mid freqiicut iu Kaugaroo Islaiid,
/'. MHctler.

Var. (?) sericopliora. Usually niiich more silky-viilous, espccially the yonng shoots.
Leaves usiially broadcr aud imn-c disliuctiy petiofate, someliines aluiost ovate. " Flowers
greenish or pale ydlow, fcw iii closcly scssile cyincs or cluslcrs, aud oftcu peiiduloiis. Scpals
short, ovatc or ovate-lanccolatc. Ovary very silky or villloiis. Hcrry usually pubcscent or
\\\Wm.—B. sericop/iora, F. Mucll. iii Liiiiiica, xxv. 371 ; B. versicolor, F. Mucll.; Klatt,

BiUardiera.'] xiJ. pittosporr.e. 125

in Linuxa, xxviii. 571. Victoria aud chiefly Soutli Australia, F. MneUer. South coast, Ti.
Brovni.

1 tbllow F. Mu.ller iu referriug this to a variety of B. ci/mosa, as he has no hesitation on
the i)oiut, aud it does iu a fcw specinieus appear to pass iuto the typical tbrm , but the majority
of speciiuens seem to me to be rnlher more uearly conuected with the pubesceut-tVuited
fornis of B. scandens, aud would have led me to adopt it as aa independeut iuterraediate
species.

5. B. variifolia, BC. Vrod. i. 346. Shortly twining, with the yomig-
shoots aiul iufloresceuce niore or less hirsute, with short hairs. Leaves
sessile or nearly so, oblong- or lauceolate aud entire, or the lower oues
broader, cuneate aud deeply toothcd, tlie lougest seklom above 1 in. loug.
Flowers bhie, ou very short hirsute pediccls, in termiual corymbs, usually
deuse and sessile, rarely looser, few-Howered, and sliortly peduncidate.
Sepals huiceolate-subulate, hirsute with s]U-eadiug hairs. Petals about 4 to
6 liues long, spreadiug from the niiddle. Ovary deusely villous, with a short
subuhite style. Eerry cylindrical, uarrow, acumiiutte, f to 1 in. long. — •
Murianihns coslestis, Putterl. Syn. Pittosp. 23 ; Fronaija Hnef/eliana, Putterl.
iu Pl. Preiss. i. 204; Pronai/a sericea, Turcz. iu BuU. Mosc. 18.54, ii. 363,
aud probably P. lanceolala, Turcz. 1. c. 364, which I have not seeu.

^V, Australia. Common about King George's Sound, R. Broicn, LabiUardiere, A.
CiinniughaDi aud others, to the Perongernp rangcs, Ma.ricell ; also Brummond, n. 97.

Var (?) rigida. Branches shorter, scarcely tvvining. Leaves crowdcd, narrow, rigid, above
\ in. long, recurved at the top, with the margins revohite. Perhaps a distinct sjiecies. — ■
Mariantfins venxsfus, PutterL Syu. Pittosp. 2'i, from the character given. — AVith the
typical form, Fraser, Drummond, and others.

6. B. Lehmanniana, T. Mnell. Pl. Vict. i. 78. Gkbrous except a veiy
slight pul)esceuce ou the iiifloresceuce, with mimerous erect or shortly twiuiug
leafy brauches. Leaves sessile or nearly so, obloug-liuear, iisuaUy obtuse,
f to 1|^ iu. loug, rather firm and flat. Elowers numerons, in peduuculate
terminal corymbs on slender pedicels. Sepals lauceohite-subulate. Petals
about 5 lines long, narrow-obovate, poiuted, spreadiug from the middle.
Authers short, sometimes slightly recurved. Ovary glabrous, 2-ceUed, with
a short style. Berry cyUndrical. — ^larianihus angiistifoiius, Putterl. iii Pl.
Preiss. i. 200 ; Pronuya angustifoiia, Lehin. iu Pl. Preiss. ii. 233.

TV. Australia. Svvan River, Briimmond, Coll. 1843, n. 79, and ofh Coll. n. 241,
Preiss, n. 1287.

7. PRONAYA, Hueg.

Petals spreadiug nearly from the base. Authers narrow-oblong, about as
long as the filameuts, recurved or revohite as soon as the flower opens.
Ovary imperfectly 2-ceUed, pubescent. Pruit succident, obloug, indehiscent.
Seeds globular or angiUar.

The geuus is limited to the followiug single Australian species, only diiFering frora Billar-
diera, with vvhich F. Muellcr proposes to uuite it, in the raore spreadiug corolla and in the
authers ; the habit is that of thc cyraose Billardieras or of Cheiranlhera.

1. P. elegans, Hueg. Bot. Archiv. t. 6. UsuaUy twiuing, with a close
sillvy pubcscence ou the youiig shoots aud infloresceuce, th(; okler leaves and
brauches ghnbrous. Lower leaves ofteu coarsely toothed or lobed, the others
sessile or nearly so, lauceolatc or liuear-huiceolate, 1 to l^ in. long, entire,

12fi XTi. PiTTOsPOREyE. \Pronaya.

rather firrn, the margins recurved. riowers bhiish or white, in a dense
terniinal corynib, sessile aniongst the last leaves. Petals about \ in. lono^,
ovate, more spreading than in any BillarcVwra althou£2:h less so at the base than
in Solli/a. Ovary touientose, aud berry oblong-cylindrical, very much like
those oi' Billardiera variifolia. — Putterl. in Pl. Preiss. i. 203, Paxt. Mag. Bot.
xii. 99, witli a fig. ; Spiranthera Fraseri, Hook. in Bot. Mag. imder t. 3523 ;
Campijlanthera Fraseri, Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 82.

W. Australia. Cornnion about Swan River, Fraser, Hiirf/el, Britmmond, aiid otbcrs.

Var. niinor. .More slendcr, and snialler. I.eaves mostly about \ in. long. Flowers
smallcr. — P. speciosa, Endl. in lluesr. Enum. 9? — S. coast, R. Brotvn, wbose specinieus
agree with tbe character given by Endlicber from Baucr's specimens. Tbe otber described
Fronayas are true Billurdieras.

8. SOLLYA, Lindl.

Petals spreading from the base, obovate. Anthers longer thau the fila-
ments, coniiivent in a cone rouud the pistil, and opening inwards by longi-
tudiual slits. Ovary 2-celled, with a short style. Berry oblong. Seeds
embedded iu ptdp. — Twiners. Leaves narrow. Flowers nodding, on slender
pedicels, in tenuinal loose few-flowered cymes, or rarely solitary.

Tbe genus is liraited to Australia.

Peduncles several flowered. Petals 4 to 5 lines. Berry obloug-cylin-

drical, witb ck)sely packed sceds 1.5. heterophyUa.

Peduncies fililbrm, 1- to 3-flowered. Petals 3 lines. Ben-y slender, with

few seeds 2. 5". parviflora.

1. S. heterophylla, Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1466. GLnbrous or the young
shoots, under side of the leaves, and infloreseence more or less silky-hairy. Stems
flexuose or twining, from a woody base. Leaves from ovatc-lanceoLite to
ovate-oblong, aud l^ to 2 in. long or rather more, to lanceoLite or oblong-
liuear, and 1 to l^ in., obtuse or slightly acuminate, rather coriaceous, quite
eutire, usually uarrowed into a very short petiole. Cymes terniinal or leaf-
opposed, droopiug, usualiy 4- to 8-flowered, but sometimes with 12 or more
flowv-rs. Pedicels slender. Sepals narrow, acute, about 1 line loug. Petals
4 to 5 lines. Ovary silky-pubescent. Berry cylindrical, obtuse, about f in.
long and fnlly 3 liues thick, with a thin succulent pericarp. Seeds niunerous,
closely packed iu two rows iu each cell, more or less anguLar or flatteued by
mutual pressure.— Bot. Mag. t. 3523; Putterl. in PL Preiss. i. 203; Billar-
dierafH.sifunnis, LabilL PL Nov. Holl. i. 65. t. 90; DC. Prod. i. 345.

W. Australia. Common about King George's Sound, R. Broicn, Labillardiere and
others, e.\tending castward along tbe coast beyood Stokes Inlct, Maxwell ; inlaud to Stir-
hng range, and pcrhaps to Swan River, Drummond aud otbcrs.

Var. angusifolia. Brancbes less twining. Leaves narrow-lanceolate. — S. linearis LindL
Bot. Reg. 1840, t. 3. S. coast, R. Brovm, Fraser, Drummojid, etc.

2. S. parviflora, Turcz. in Bull. Mosc. 1854, ii. 361. Veiy much more
slender and twining than S. heterophylla, usualiy sprinkled with soft loose
hairs. Leaves lanceoLite or oblong-linear, the larger ones ofteu ratlier more
than 1 in. long, but in some specimeus all under \ in., very shortly petiolate
and tliiuner than in S. helerophylla. Flowers smalL solitarv, or 2 or 3 in a
cyme, on very fine filiform pedicels. Petals about 3 lines long. Berry ^ to

'^°^^i/C-'\ XII. PITTOSPOREyE. 127

I in. long, li to 2 lines broad, tapering at both ends. Seeds globidar, mucli
tewer thau ui S. heleroplnjUa. ^ '

Jiw/.f ''^*'"*^'^' ^""«"'"'^^' ''^^'' ^"'^- «• 99= 5//. C.//. «. 238 ; Kojonerup hills. Herh.

ink Z%or^ '^'' '^' ^''''' '' '^'^ '^"'^ 2-valved, and it appears to be suceulent

nofin''^!.^^'"' n-V^"'''"' ""^'^- '"^^'^^f^^'^' Marnoek, pnblished in gardenin? works
S.ZeZj,iX ' "■' " '" '"' '"' "' ""* ^'™'^"''^ Sarden vai^ieti" of

9. CHEIRANTHERA, A. Cunn.
Petals spreading froui uearly the base, obovate-oblong. Authers lono-er
hau the hlameuts, all turned towards oue side, opeuiug by two pores at t"he
op Ovary 2-ceIled with a subidate style. Capiule ollong, haKl onen u'

i oK ''r' ''"^7' ''" "'^^^'" ^^" ^P'^""^= septicidally.' Seeds 'n a y
globulai.-Brauches flexuose or tuniiug. Leaves uarrow. Flowers in ter-
mmal corymbs or cymes, or droopiug from terminal solitary pedicels.

The genus is limited to Australia.
Flowers several, corymbose.

Leaves fiat or coucave. Sepals lanceolate. Anthers not twice as
etSs"*^ filanients, and not attaining half the length of the

Leaves thick or 'terete: Sep'als" n^rrow. ' Anthers" fdlv' twiee' a^ ^" ^' ^''''"''-

long as the filaments and exceeding the half of the netals 9 r /;/v ;■

Flowers solitary, on slender terminal pedicels. ' ' ' ^- /''/"'''«•

Leaves linear-terete or involute . q /^ 7z-,-

Leaves linear, flat, or revolute . , ^; *'''''''*^'"-

4. C. parcijlora.

1. C. linearis, A Cann. m Bot. Reg. under ^.1719. A low glabrous
shnib ur undershrub, with erect twiggy brauches of 6 in. to 1 ft., or rareh
onger. Leaves huear acute or rather obtuse, f to \\ in., or rarely 2 in
ong, eu ire or muuitely toothed, flat, aud | to 1 line bJoad or the uL-.nns'
u urvcUo as to be almost terete, with smaller leaves ofteu clustered in^lhe
vh. f ?"'Ta ^ '' «'^l,.fbowy. Sepals lanceolate, 2 to 2^ lines lono-.
Petals 8 to 10 hnes Pdaments short. Anthers rather louger, but no
reaching o the middle, and oftcu not i of the length of the peta s Cap-
sule ve.y hke those ^i Marianthns pictm aud ^/...^.:, obloug, mLh flattet^d
hard but dehisceut Mhen quite ripe.-Hook. Ic. PI. t 47 PI des W,
vui. t. 856; F. MiicII. Fralnii. i 97- Pl Vict i 7fi r\ des Seiies,
Voy. Coq. t. 77. ^ ' ^- '^y'"'^"'^ Brongn.

R.t^ir?" 7^n^^^' 7"'^^^^ '■°'"5f,* '^"""^••>' «t t^ie foot of Croker's range frequent near
Bathurst, A. Cunmngham ; near Clifton iu New England C Stuart "equent near

i»/I?/?.°"*' ^"''''' '*°"^ "''^"' ""'^ ^''"'' ^^*'''"* '^^'^™'-' ^"'^ "ear the Ovens range, F.
^i^'^.J^^;^ZT'''' Flindersrange, Kangaroo island, Speneer.

2. C. filifolia, Tarcz. hi Bnll. Jfosc. 18.5-i, ii. .364. Allied to C U
neam, tut the brauches are more slender aud ofteu flexuose or almost twiniuo-
Leaves veiy narrow, thick or almost terete, obtuse or scarcely pointed some^

128 XII. pittospohe.if:. [CheirautJiprn.

times none of them exccedino: 3 or 4 lines, at others the upper ones above 1
in. h)iig. Flowers bluc, smaller than iii C. Vuiearls. Sepals linear or narrow-
lanccolate, 1 to 2 lines long. Pctals 5 to 6 lines. Anthers longer aiul nar-
rower than in C. linearis, usually twice as long as the filaments, and exeeediug
the half and often reachiiig two-thirds of the petal. — C. torlilis, F. Muell.
■Pragm. ii. 79.

W. Australia. S. coast ?, Brummnnd, Coll . 1850, n. 91, Oldjield ; river enteriug
Stokcs Iiilel, Ma.rwell.

Vur. breb-ifoHa. Branchcsshort, with crowded leaves, mostly 3 to 4 lincs long. — C. brevi-
folia, F. Muell., Frnpin. i. 97, and ii. 180; Phillips' rans<e, also l'lantao;enet and Stirlina;
ranges, F. Mueller. Druinnioud's specimens eonuect the short-leaved wilh the ]oni;-leaved
forms.

3. C. volubilis, Benth. A slender ghibrous twiner. Leaves narrow-
liuear, thick, with the margins iuvolute or terete, witli a short ree\u'ved j)oint,
mostl\f about ^ in. long. Peduncles slender, terminal, with a single droopiug
flower. Sepals hnnceolate or liuear-hineeolate, about 2 lines loug. Petals
aboiit ~2 in. Anthers scarcely so long as the tihiineuts, very obtuse, aiul not
reaciiiug to the half of the petals. Ovary shorter tlian iu C. linearis, with a
loug subidate style. Pruit not seen.

S. Australia. Scruh in Kangaroo Island, Waterhouse.

4. C. parviflora, Tienth. Slender and ghibrous or sliglitly pubescent,
the brauehes either short and flexuose or eh)ngated aiul twiniug. Leaves
sessile or iiearly so, from broadly oblong-hinceohite or abuost ovate-lanccolate
and 1|^ in. long to linear and \ in. or less, nsually obtuse aud the niargins
always revobite, sometimes slightly hirsute on the up])er side. Flowers as iii
C. votitbilis, on loug terminal simple filiforui pethincles, but smaller. Sepals
sehlom abovc 1 line, petals about 4 or 5 lines loug. Anthers i-ather louger
than the sleiuler filaments aud reacliing to about half the length of the petals.
Ovary ghibrous, with a subidate style.

TV. Australia, Drummond, Colt. 1843, the specimens n. 34, very twining, with larger
aud broader leaves, and n. 80 less twining, with smaller narrower leaves.

C. Freissiana, Pntterl. Pl. Preiss. i. 201, if a Clieiranthera at all, difTers from thc last
Bpecies in its hirsute branehcs and leaves, but the flowcrs are unknowu, and the fragmcnts I
have seea are in lcaf only, somcthing likc those of Billardiera variifolia or of Pronaya
etegans.

Ordeu XIIT. TREMANDRE.ffi.

Flowcrs regular. Sepals 4 or .5, vcry rarely 3, free, valvate in the btul.
Petals as many, hypogynous, spreading, iiuhiplicate-valvate in the biid. Sta-
mens twice as uiany, hypogyuous, free ; fihaments short ; antliers oblong or
linear, 2- or 4-cellcd, opening iu a single terminal pore. Torns sraall or
rarely expanded into a disk l)etw(;en thc petals aiul stamens. Ovary sessile
or nearly so, usually 2-celled ; style flliform, deciduous, entire or niinutely
2-lobed. Ovtdes solitary in each cell, or 2, one above the other, or rarely an
additioiud small coUateral one, pendulous, anatropous, Avith a ventral raphe.
Capstdc usually flattened, 2-celled, openiug loculieidally at the edges. Seeds
peudulous, the raphe usually expaiuled at the chalazal extremity into a'twisted
or strophiola-like appendage, rarely wanting ; the testa crustaceous, glabrous

xiir. tremandre.t:. 129

or hairy ; albumeu ttesliy or alinost cartilagiuous. Einbryo suiall, straiglit,
with a superior radicle. — Shrubs usually heath-like, glabrous or glauduhir-
hairy, with small alteruate opposite or verticiUate leaves, rareiy witli a steilale
tomeutum aud hirger leaves. Flowers solitary, on axiHary pedicels, usually
red or purple. In mauy species, as in Pittoisporea and Polygalece, a tlower
may here and there be found with a 3-merous ovary and fruit.

The Order is strictly confmed to Australia, and although showing some affinity with Ckeir-
anihera in Piftosporece, as well as with Pohjgalece proper, it is yet very differeut from
either ; the connection with Lasiopetalecs^m^k^sX&i^i upon by Steetz, appears to rest almost
entirely ou the valvate calyx, and ou an occasional resemblance iu habit, which is, however,
partaken in by Bauera and several other genera of Australian heath-like shrubs, which have
Httle else in common.

Anthcrs continuous with the filament. Leaves alternate or whorled,
glabrous or glaudular hairy.
Anthers 2-celled, or with 4 cells, 2 in front of the 2 others. Seeds

with an appeudage at the chalaza . . * • 1. Tetratheca.

Anthers 4-celled, the 4 cells on the same plane. Seeds without ap-

pendage 2. Platytheca.

Anthers articulate ou the filament. Leaves opposite, with stellate

hairs. Seeds with an appendage 3. Tremandra.

1. TETRATHECA, Sm.

Stamens apparently in a single series, the anthers coutinuous with the fila-
meut, 2-celled, or 4-celled with 2 of the cells in front of the 2 others, niore
or less contracted into a tube at the top. Disk noue. Capsule opening ouly
at the edges. Seeds with an appendage at the chalazal end usually coutorted.
— Glabrous or glaudular-hairy. Lcaves alteruate, verticillate or scattered,
heath-Iike and entire, or flat aud toothed, or reduced to minute scales.

§ 1. Stems terete, leafy {except T. subaphylla). Ovules \ or 2 in each cell. Seeds
hairy. (Eastern or southern species.)

Leaves mostly verticillate. Ovules usually 2, superposed, or, ifsolitary,

attached below tlie sumuiit of the ccll.
Leaves ovate, obovate, or orbicular, flat. Sepals ovate, obtuse or

scarcely acute, ofteu reflexed \. T. ciUata.

Leaves ovatc to lauceolate, acute, with the margius recurved. Sepals

acute or acuniinate, uot rettexeJ 2. T. thymifolia.

Leaves liuear, the margius revolute. Sepals not reflexed . . . . 3. 7'. ericifolia.
Leaves rarcly subverticillate. Ovulcs solitary, suspeuded from the sum-

mit of the cell.
Very glandular. Leaves elliptical-ohlong or obovate, much uarrowed

at the base. Petals large, obovate 4. T. gJandulosa.

Glabrous or hispid, rarely glaudular. Leaves liuear, or, if broader,

obtuse at the base. Petals obloug or scarcely obovate .... 5. T. pilosa.
Glabrous aud somewhat glaucous. Leaves all, or nearly all, reduced

to minute scales &. T. sutjaphyUa.

§ 2. Stems very angular or flat, ahnost leajless. Oviiles 2 or 4 in each cell. Seeds
hairy. (Easlern aud western species.)

Stems oftcn 3-angIed. Flowers 4-merous. Anther-tubes very short . 7. T.juncea.

Stenis flat, 2-wiuged. Flowcrs 5-merous. Auther-tubes long . . . 8. T. affinis.

VOl.. I. K

130 xiiT. TKEMANDRE.E. \_TetratJieca .

§ 3. Stems terete, leafy, or almost leajiess. Ovules solitary in each cell. Seeds
glabrous and shining. (Western species.)
Leaves minute and distant, or linear-terete and alternate.

Leaves iniuute aud distant. Flowers 5-uierous. Ovary glandular-

hirsnte 9. 7. nuda.

Leavcs either niinute and distant or not crowded. Flowers 4-mcrous.

Ovary glabrous 10. 71 virgata.

Leaves crowded. Dowers 5-nierous. Ovary glandular-hirsute . . 11. T. confertifolia.
Leaves altcrtiate, hinccolate or ovate.

Leaves glabrous uuderneath, except the setre of the raidrib . . .12. T. setigera.
Leaves softly pubescent underneath.

Jjeaves ovate, flat. Seta; long and numerous 13. T. hispidissima,

Leaves lanctolate, much rcvolute, occasionally verticillate. Setje

rare 14. T. hirsuta.

Leavcs raostly vcrticillate or opposite.

Leaves villous undcrueath, oHcn altcrnate 14. T. hirsuta.

Lcaves glabrous uudciueath or pubescent on the raidrib, verticillate
iu thrccs or fours, vcry rarely alternate.
Anthcrs purplc, the tubular proccss as long as the cclls.

Leaves glabrous or ciliate, or rarely hirsute above .... 15. T. vlminea.
Leaves coriaceous, scabrons or pubesccut, not ciliate .... 16. T. pubescens.

Authers yellow, contracted into a very short tube 17. T. pilifera.

Leaves memhrauous, lauceolate-linear, flat, opposite or verticillate.

Authers very short and curved, with a sleuder tube . . . .18. T.jiHformis.

1. T, ciliata, Lindl. in MitcJi. ' TJiree Exped. ii. 206. An uiulevshnib
Avith slender erect or difluse steras, of 1 to 2 or rarely 3 ft., very shortly £ind
roughly pubescent or glabrous. Leaves abnost all vcrticilhite in threes or
fours, broadly ovate or nearly orbicular, obtuse or slightly pointcd, rarely ex-
ceeding \ in. and mostly smaller, the raargins flat or scarcely recurved, cibate
or rarely ghdjrous. Pedicels nsually longer than the leaves. Sepals broadly
ovafe, obtiise or scarcely acnrainate, about 1 liue long, raore spreading tluiu
iu the following species, and soraetimes reflexed, beariug Hke the pediccls a
few black ghuuhdar hairs or set?e. Petals obovate-oblong, about \ in. long.
AntluT-tubes short. Ovary pubescent, with 2 superposed ovules iu each cell,
and occasioually a third collateral one. Capsule broad, 2 to 4 lines long.
Seeds hairy.— Hook. Ic. PL t. 268; Hook. f. FL Tasm. i. 34; F. Muell.
Pi. Vict. i.'l81 ; T. houerrrfolia, F. MueU. in Schueh. Syn. Trera. 29.

Victoria. Port Phillip, R. Brovn ; frequent on hcafhy ground aud harren forcst
ridgcs iu many jiarts of thc colouy, uot asccndiug to the AIps, F. Mueller, Mitchell, aud
othcrs.

Tasmania. Sandy hcaths, Port Dalrymple, 7?. Brown ; mouth of the Tamaraud othcr
parts of thc uorth of the ishuid, Gunn.

2. T. thymifolia, Sm. Exot. Bot. i. 41. t. 22. luterraediate betwceu
T. ciliain aud T. eric/fv/ia, it iias usually the tall habit of the foruicr, but is
nnich niore pubescent or hirsute. Leaves alraost all verticilhite in threes or
fours, ovate-elliptical or htnceoLtte, the niargins morc or less reciu-ved or re-
vobite. riowers of 2'. cUiata, except that the sepals are usually ovatc-lanceo-
Lnte, raore acute or acurainote than in either of thc two allied spccies, and
sehlom reflexecL, Ovary glabrons, or more frequently pubescent. Ovules
fruit aud sccds of T. citiata. — 1)C. Prod. i. 843.

Queensland. Glasshouscs, Morcton Bny, F. Mueller.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson to the Blue Mountains, Berh. Smith, A. Cunvivgham,

TelraiJteca.'] xiii. tremandre.e.

131

ai.d others brusl.yforest north of Bathurst, ./. Cannini^ham ; northwnra to Kastinns rivcr
i)VcMv-, a;id southward toTwofbia Bay, /". iJ/^^e//^;-. "Mih^siuci,

Victoria. Heathj' mountain tracts, freqiient, F. Mueller

F iMucller considers this aud the tvvo folloning species as varieties only of T. pilosa, but
5zSl« ;'''t'''"v'^' ^'■°f'»:l^^^^^ QueensLand form, appears to'me nearer to ^
claa than to T encrfoha and 1 canuot liud the more or less open calyx so constaut a

diudtd into two species, the one vvould seem rather to incliide T ciliata, thymifoHa and
enc,Jolra,^M\^ leaves mostly verticilLate, pediceis usually longer than the leavi aud o^ules
generally two, snperposed ; whiist the other, formed of T glanddosa aud piosa halt! e
leaves scattered, rarely verticillate, the pedicels short, and ovules solitary in^each'ec; \l

3. T. ericifolia, Sni. Hxot. Bot. i. 37. t. 20. A heath-like underslinib
niore brancheci and diffuse than the two preceding species, rarely attainino- 1
t., imnutdy and roughjy pubescent or nearly glabrous, very rarely slioillv
Inrsute. Leaves mostly verticillate, but not so regularly so as in the last two
species, narrow-hnear, with the margins closely revolute or rarely oblono-.
lanceolate and more open, mostly under \ in. Flowers on slender pedicefs
usually longer than the leaves. Sepals as in T. ciliata, ovate, obtuse or
scarcely acute, but not reflexed. Ovary glabrous or rarely pubesceat, with 3
superposed ovules m each cell, or rarely a single ovule attached below the top
ot the ceil. Capsule obovate-cuneate. Seeds hairy.— DC. Prod i 3^3 •
ivudge, m Trans. Linn. Soc. viii. t. 11.

oth^-s ^' "^*^®®" ^^'■^ abundant about Port Jackson, R. Brown, Sieier, n. 234, aiul

lil.-P tL.T^'/'^''!?- h'f^^\ '"■'''I'^,"' ' '"'' ''''"'"^*^ ="^'' '''«'■'^ regularly verticillate, almost
like those ot J. thymifoha, but glabrous or sho.tly pubescent, and the sepals obtu^e as in 7'

%lui°li"'~, '""t'^'^"^^^'. '\ ^""n- in ^'ielJ- ^. S. Walcs, 333.-Kocky declivities of the
iilue Mountams, A. Cunmngham.

4. T. glandulosa, Lahill. Pl. Nov. HoU. i. 96. t. 133. Rather coarse
and mucli branched, oflen exceeding 3 ft. iu height, more or less detisely pu-
besccnt or hn-sute with glandiilar hairs. Leaves scattered, not verticillate
usua liy e hptical-oblong, acute or obtuse, 3 to 5 lines long, the margins
ngidly cihate or alinost toothed and sligiitly revolute, always narrowed at the
base. Pedicels rarely exceeding the leaves. Sej^als ovate, acute, about 1 line
long. Petals broad, about 4 or 5 lines. Anther-tubes often more elongated
tlian in the allied species. Ovary glandular, with 1 ovule, suspended as in
1. pilosa from the sunimit of each cell, with very rarelv a second collateral
abortive one. Capsule obovate. Seeds hairy.— I)C. Prod. i. 343 ■ Hook f
1*1. lasm. 1. 34.

Ov^'''*''!'^' 1 "'^"r,?" "'.?^'^'°" '■''■'^'" ''^ ^'PP«' I'''"^^' '-'"'i 'Iry scrubbv hills betwcen
Uven. and Broken Kiver, F. Mueller. Sonie of the Avon river specimeus r'eferred here by
r. i>iuclier, have the leaves reniarkably broad, sometimes ahnost orbicular
/. 5^S-**' "'^"'"''^"' '■''■•"■' ^- ^''"""' ' '"^^'»*^y Places abundant throughout Ihc Lsland,
The xN. S. Wales specimens, often referred to this species, belong to the followiug one.

\. ^'uTr P^^°^^> ^'"^'^^- ^^- ^^o^- I^cl^- i- 95. t. 132. Much branched and
neath-hke, glabrous or hispid, but not generallv glandular, and seldom much
exceedmg 1 or l\ ft. in height. Leaves usually linear, with the margins
much revolute, 4 to 6 lines long, but in very luxuViant shoots they are souie-
times broadly lanceolate or oblong, but with "an obtuse base. Flowers scarceiy

K 2

132 XIII. TREMANDREjf;. \Ttlrailieca .

so larp^e as in T. (jlandnhsa, aiul often much smaller with narrow petals, the
pcdicels nsnally sliorter than thc leaves. Scpals ovate, obtuse or acnte. Ovary
glabrons or pnbcscent, with a single ovule snspeiuled froni the snniniit of each
cell. Capsulc ol)ovate. Seeds hairy. — DC. Prod. i. 34-3 ; Hook. f. Fi. Tasni.
i. 35 ; T. ericoides, Planch. in Fl. dcs Serres, x. 229, t. 1065 ; T. calva, Scliuch.
Syn. Trcm. 25 ; T. ericifoUa, var., F. Muell. PI. Yict. i. 182.

N. S. 'Wales. About Port Jackson, biit apparcntly rare.

Victoria. Not frcqiient, F. Mueller.

Tasmania. Port JJalrymple, ctc., R. Brown ; abundant tlirongbout the island, J. D.
llooker.

S. Australia. Lofty ranges, Whlttaler ; common towarcls S])encer's Gulf, F. Mueller.

Var. deuticiilata, vvitb narrow revolute leaves, as in T. pilosa, but with a few glaudular
hairs on the calyx and pediceis, the leaves occasionally opposite, thns in some measnre con-
nectiug T. pilosa with T. ericifolia, but the flowcrs aud ovulcs are tbose of the fornier.
— About Port Jaekson, froin scvcral collections. — T. denticulata, Sicb. Pl. Exs. n. 236, aud
in Sprcug. Syst. Cnr. Post. 147 ; T. (jlaudulosa, Sm. Exot. Bot. i. 39, t. 21, Rudge, in
Traus. Linu. Soc. viii. 294, t. 10, but uot of LabiUardiere.

Var. (?) frocumhens. Glabrous, procumbent, slendcr, and much branclied, with smaller
flowers ou shorter pedicels than in the coninion state of T. pilosa. — T. procinubeus, Gnun,
in Hook. f. Fl. Tasin. i. 35, t. 7, A. (with red flowers) ; T. calva, $, pulchella, Scbuch.
Syn. Trem. 27 ; T. Gunnii, Hook. f. FL Tasm. i. 36, t. 7, B. (with uumerons white
flovvers). — On the Western Mountaius of Tasnumia, aud on heathy phiins near the sea,
Giiuu; Port Dahymjjle, R. Brown ; the slendcr white-flowered varicty on the Asbestos
HiUs.

I have considcrable doubts whether this clcgant Tasmaniau varicty nuiy not prove per-
mancutly distiuct.

6. T. subaphylla, Benth. Stems ahnost leafless, erect or flexuose,
rnsh-lilie, terctc, bi-anching, often 1 to 2 ft. long, glabrons and somewhat glau-
cous, not glandular. Leaves few, scattercd cliicfly on the shorter barreu
branchcs, sniall, lauccohite, flat, uarrowed at tlie base ; occasionally 2 or 3
attain a lcngth of ^ in. or moi'e ; all the rest rednced to minnte distant bracts.
Flowcrs like those of T. pilosa, bnt smaller, on very short pediccls, in the axils
of niinute bracts along tlie lcafless brauches. — T. ericifuUa, var., F. MucU. Pl.
Vict. i. 183.

Victoria. Woody monutaiu rangcs at the sonrces of Gcnoa river, F. Miieller.

7. T. juncea, Sm. Bot. Nov. Ihdl. 5. /. 2. Rootstock thick and woody,
with eroct or asceiuling slender rnsh-like or wiry stems, 1 to 2 ft. long, with
2 or 3 acute angles or very narrow wings, the wliole breadth of the stein and
wings rarely exceeding 1 line. Lcaves 'itw, sniall and distant, linear or lan-
ccolatc, raostly miuute and scale-like, rarely 3 lincs long. Pediccls in the
axils of tlie upper minute lcaves, flliforra, 2 to 4 lines loiig. Sepals 4, sniall,
ovate, obtnse. Petals 4, about 4 lines iong. Anlluu-s tapering into very
sliort tnbcs. Ovary glabrous, witli 2 snperposcd ovnlcs in eacli cell. Capsule
obovate. Seeds villous. — 1)C. Prod. i. 343 ; lleichb. Icon. Exot. t. 78.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, Sieber, n. 235, M'Arthur, aud others.

8. T. affiuis, Endl. in Ilueg. Eniim. 7. Glabrous, witli long, winged,
aijparcntly leaflcss brauches, at flrst sight closely resembling T. juncea, but
the stenis have always only 2 anglcs or narrow wings, the leaves ai'e still fewer
and inore minute, the sepals and petals are in fivcs, and the anthers are mi-
nutely pubcscent, and siuldcnly contractcd into a slendcr tubnlar process as

Tdratheca.'] xiii. tremanjdue.e. 133

long as themselves or nearly so. Ovary slightly glandiilar, with 2 ovules in
cach cell. Capsule broadly ovate or obovate, shortly pointed, 3 to 5 lines
long, with meinbranous valves. Seeds haiiy.

W. Australia. King George's Sound, R. Brown, HuegeJ ; Bnimmond, Coll. 1843,
11. 73, and others; Gordon river, Ohlfield.

Var. plafi/caula. Branches, iucludiug the wiiigs, often 2 lines broad. riovvers and cap-
sules rather larger, and 4 ovules in snperposed pairs in each cell of the ovary. — Brummoud,
Coll. 1843, n. 115 ; Blaekwood and Stirling ranges, Oldfield.

9. T. nuda, Lindl. Swan Riv. Jpp. 38. Glabrous or with a few glan-
didar hairs at the base of the stem, and sometinies on the pedicels and
sepals. Khizome woody, with numerous erect, slender, rigid but rush-like
stems, cylindrical, without prominent angles, f to \\ ft. high, often endiiig
iii an almost pungent point. Leaves very minute and distant, or a very few
bnear or obloug ones 2 or 3 lines long. Pedicels slender, 2 to 3 lines long.
Sepals aiid petals 5 each. Anthers tapering into a tubular process, very short
in the typical form, and of the same colour as the rest. Ovary covered with
rather long ghinduLnr hairs, with 1 ovule in each cell. Capsule obovate,
gUinchdar-hairy. Seeds glabrous, smooth and shining.

■W. Australia. Darling range, Collie, Oldfield ; Swan River, Brunimond, \stColl.,
Sanford.

Var. spartea, Plaach. in Herb. Hook. Tubular process of the anthers nearly as long as
the cA\&.—Drummond, Coll. 1843, u. 101 and 104.

10. T. virgata, Steetz, in Pl. Preiss. i. 212. Yery nearly allied to T.
nuda, and perhaps a variety, but the branches are much more slender, often
fiUform, glabrous or scabrous, with a few glanduhir hairs : the leaves are much
itiore frequently developed, especially on the barren braiiches, wliere however
they are still 'it^w and distant, linear with revolute inargins, 2 to 3 b'nes long ;
the flowers appear to be always 4-merous, and the anthers more abruptly
contracted into a slender tube, usuaUy of a paler colour, and as long as the
cells. Ovary glabrous, with uniovidate cells. Capsule obovate, about 3 lines
long, with smooth siiining seeds.

■^V. Australia. Svvan Kiver, Brummond, ot/i CoU. n. 243, Preiss, n. 1332, iu part ;
Mouut Barker, Kalgan and Blackwood rivcrs, OldfieJd.

Var. sefU/era, Steetz, 1. c. 213. Stems very scabrous, and often with retlexcd bristly
hairs. Leavcs more numerous. — Swan River, Brummond , Preiss, n. 1333.

11. T. confertifolia, Steetz, in Pl. Preiss. i. 214. Stems numerous,
erect and simple, or branched and diffuse or ascending, usnally 6 to 9 in. long,
roughly pubescent. Leaves crowdcd but not verticillate, linear, obtuse. 2 to
3 liiies long, the margins much revolute so as to be almost terete, hispid witli
rigid hairs. Pedicels f to nearly 1 in. long. Flowers 5-merous. Sepals
lauceolate. Petals rather narrow, 4 to 5 lines long. Anthers glabrous or
sliglitly tuberculate, tapering into a tube about as long as the cells and oftcu
of the saine colour. Ovary glandular-hispid, with 1 ovule in each cell. Capside
glandular-pubescent, obovate-cuneate, about 3 lines long. Seeds glabrous.

W. Australia. Swau River, Brummond, Uh Coll. n. 244 ; Darliug ranges, Preiss,
n. 1328, 1329.

12. T. setigera, Endl. in Hueg. Enum. 8. Steras rather rigid, i!ot
nnich branched, usually about 1 ft. high, hispid with spreading bristly hairs, or,

13]. xiii. TKEMANDRK.E. {Tdrutheca.

wlieu tliese are wom off, rough with their tu1)prciilar bases. Leaves sessile,
not erowded, seattered, from ovate-lauceohite to linear-obloug, obtuse, mostly
|- to f in. loug, the luargius revolute, obtuse at the base, seabrous or setose
on the upper side, ghibroiis and ghuieous uuilerneath, exeept a few sette ou
the niidrib. Pedicels very slender, 3 to 6, or rarely 7 or 8 lines long, more
thickened and turbinate imder the tlower than in niost otlier species. Flowers
r)-merous. Sepals glabrons. Petals rather narrow, 4 to 6 bues loug. An-
thers glabrons, their tubuhar points rather shorter thau the ceUs. Ovary gla-
brons, with 1-ovulate cells. Capsule usually ripening ouly 1 ghil)rous shiniug
seed, witli an uiuisually large strophiola. — T. elongata, Schuidi. Syn. Trem.
38.

TV. Australia. King George's Sound, R. Brown, anil mauy others ; Swau lliver,
Fn'/.ss,n. 1822 (iVom a bad specimen iu Herb. Sondcr), Sarvey ; Blackwood aad Kalgau
rivers and Bald Island, Ohlfeld.

13. T. hispidissima, Sleetz, in PI. Prem. i. 217? Branches much
elongated, ininutely pubescent aud hispid with nuuierous very loug spreading
setaB. Leaves ovate, sessile, or very shortly petiolate, obtuse, l to f in. long,
with fiat edges, hirsute with scattered hairs above, bordered with a few long
setaj, softly pubescent or villous underiieath. Pedicels slender, ^ to f iu. loug,
with the turbinate suminit of T. selujera, glabrous or with a very few sctye.
J'lowers of T. aelujera. Anther-tubes slender, fuUy as long as the cells. Ovary
])ubescent with appressed hairs.

TV. Australia. Druminond, Coll. 1843, n. 46 ; Kins GeorL'c's Sound, Preiss, n.
1316.

I havc not seen Prciss's speciincn, describcJ by Stectz, nnd au) thercforc not qnitc conti-
dcnt of having corrcctly i'el'cri'ed his name to Druuimoud's plaut.

14. T. hirsuta, Lindl. Swan Itio. App. 38, and Bol.Iieg. 1844, t. 67.
Steius rather rigid and erect, \ to \\ ft. high, minutely pubescent and often
hispid with a few long spreading reddish hairs. Leaves mostly alternate,
but here and there a few vertieillate, from ovate-lanceohite to oblong-liuear,
obtuse, all nnder \ in. in the smaller specimens, nearly 1 in. long when hix-
uriant, the margins recurved, with an obtuse base, raore or less hirsute above,
villous or pubescent underneath. Pediccls slender, f to 1 in. long, very
slightly thiekened nnder the calyx. Flowers rather large. Sepals lanceolate.
Petals oblong. Anthers smooth or slightly rough, tlie tube about as long as
the cells. Ovary glabrons or slightly glandular, with 1 ovule in each cell.
S;'eds glabrous, shining. — Paxt. Mag. Bot. xiii. 53, with a lig. ; T. riibriseta,
Lindl. Swan Riv. A])p. 38 ; T. epilohioides and T. aculeata, Steetz, in PI.
Preiss. i. 218.

yjV. Australia. Swan Rivcr, Driimnwnd, and maiiy others ; Harvey river, Oldjiehl,
a variety willi suialicr tlowcrs, apparently wliitc, wilh a purjilc spot at tiic basc, auJ shorter
aulhcrs.

15. T. viminea, Lindl. Swan Riv. /ipp. 38. Stems rather slender, erect,
little branehed exrej)t at the base, soinetimes oidy 6 in., but usually 1 to \\
ft. high, glabrous or with a few long spreading seta?, rarely mixed with a few
short hairs. Leaves ou the main stems usually ovate obovate or orbicular,
3 to 5 lines long, rather thin, nearly flat, glabrous or ciliate, or very rarely
liirsute above, glabrous underneath, those of the side branches or the upper

Tetratheca.^ xiu. tkemandre.e. 135

floral ones ofteu naiTow-lauceolate aiid luuch revolute, all iu whorls of 3 or -i,
or very rarely the upper oues alteruate. Pedicels sleuder, about f iu. long.
Flowers 5-merous. Sepals ovate-hiuceolate. Petals r^ather narrow. Authers
purple, short and scabrous, abruptly coutracted iuto a tube as long as the
cells. Ovary ghibrous or slightly glanduhir, with 1 ovule in each ceU. Cap-
sule obovate. Seeds sraooth and shiuiug. — T. gracilis, Steetz, iu PL Preiss.
i. 215 (fouuded ou sleuder side branches).

"W. Australia. Swan Eiver, Drummond, \st Coll. and 1843, n. 108, Preiss, n.
1327 aml 1335 ; Harvey, Prestou, Blackwood, aad Vasse rivers, Oldfield.

16. T. pubescens, Turcz. in Bull. Mosc. 1852, ii. 141. Very nearly
allied to T. vii)tinea, aud perhaps a variety only, but the sleuder rigid branches
as well as the upper side of the leaves are often rough with a niiuute pubes-
ceuce and the loug spreadiug setai very rare, the leaves, from ovate to hanceo-
late, are thicker and almost coriaceous, and often marked on each side with
1 or 2 coarse teeth. Pedicels shorter and uot so slender. Sepals ovate,
obtuse, rarely above 1 iine long. Antliers raore grudually attenuated into a
sliorter tube. — T. tenuiramea, Turcz. in BuU. Mosc. 1852, ii. 142.

IV. Australia. Swaii River, Brummond, 1845, n. 245 and 209. The latter speci-
laeus distinajiiished by Turczaniaovv uuder the name of T. tenuiramea, oiily differ in their
brauches rather niore slender.

17. T. pilifera, Lindl. in Swan Riv. Jpp. 38. AUied to T. viii/inea,
but usuaUy sraaUer aud more branched, and readily distinguished by the an-
thers. Steras 6 in. to 1 ft. high, slender, aud raore or less pubesceut or hir-
sute with stift" hairs, but with few of the long setae except at the nodes, aud
somctimes ahnost glabrous. Leaves iu Avhorls of 3 or 4, from ovate to ovate-
lauceolate, 2 to 5 lines long, often toothed, glabrous or ronghly pubescent on
tiie upper side, with a few hairs on the midrib uuderueath. Pedicels ^ to f
in. loug. Flowers rather smaller tliau in T. viminea, usnally 5-merous, but
occasionaUy 4-merous. Sepals ovate or alraost lanceolate. Pilaraeuts, al-
though short, very sleuder. Authers pale-coloured, nearly straight, scarcely
furrowed, slightly tapering iuto a very short tube. Ovary slightly glaudular,
witli 1 ovule iu eachcell. Seeds sniooth and shiuing. — T. Freissiana, Steetz,
ia PI. Preiss. i. 219 ; T. micrantha, Schuch. Syn. Trem. 43 (from the cha-
racter given).

W. Australia. Swan River, Drimmond, \st Coll. and 1843, n. 103, Preiss, n.
1323 ; Darling range, CoUie. I have not seen Preiss's n. 1324 froui which T. micrantha
was described.

18. T. filiformis, Benth. Branches in our specimeus very loug aud
slender, glabrous or bearing above the interuodes a few^ short spreadiug pur-
ple hairs. Leaves opposite or occasionally in whorls of 3, very rarely 4, nar-
row-lanceolate or oblong-Iinear, ^ to f iu. long, thinner thau iu most species,
Hat, obtuse at the base, glabrous. I^edicels very sleuder, niore thau 1 iu. long.
Sepals ovate-lanceolate, about 1 line. Petals obovate-oblong, 4 to 5 lines.
Anthers dark puiple, short, much curved, very angular, with a straight tube
as long as the ceUs. Ovary glabrous or slightly glaudidar, with 1 ovide iu
each ccll.

W. Australia. Swan River, Drummond, Coll. 1843, n. 197 and 181. Frauldiii
river, Eerb. Jiluetl.

136 XIIX. TREMANL)RE.E.

2. PLATYTHECA, Steetz.

Stamens in 2 distinct series, the antliers continiious with the fihinient ; with
4 parallel cells in a siiigh; plane, contracted into a tube at the top. Disk
noue. Capsule openiug locuhcidally at the edge, with the valves splittnig
septicidally. Seeds glabrous, without appendage. — A heath-like shrub, with
verticillate leaves.

1. P. galioides, Steetz, in Pl. Preiss. i. 220, An erect heath-like shnd)
or undershrub, witli slendcr tcrete branches, sonietimes rpiite ghibrous, but
more frequently with a little tiift of liairs at each node, aud often pubesceiit
below the nocles. Leaves usually about 8 in a whorl, narrow-iiuear, sonie-
times very acute and pungent, sometinies ahnost obtuse or with shghtly re-
curved points, about | in. long, with the margins often revokite so as to be
abnost terete or 3-angled, glabrous or rough, with a few scattered short rigid
hairs. Pedicels slender, f to 1 in. long. Sepals narrow-lanceolate, acute, 3
to 4 lines loug. Petals nearly \ in., blue with a dark spot at the base. An-
thers short and broad, with loug slender tubes. Ovary glabrous, with 2 su-
perposed ovules in each cell. Capsule about 3 lines long. — P. crucianella,
Steetz, \. c. 221 ; P. crassifolia, Steetz, \. c. 222 ; Tetralheca verticillata, Paxt.
Mag. Bot. xiii. 171, with a fig. ; Tremandra verticillata, Hueg. in Walp. Aini.
i. 76 (the fig. quoted from Parad. Vind. is not yet published).

W. Australia. Swan River, Drumwond, Coll. 1843, n. 102, Preiss, n. 1320, 1330,
1331 (also 1321, vvhich I have not seen) ; Preston, Kalgau, and Vasse rivers, Ohljield.

3. TREMANDRA, E. Br.

Stamens apparently in a single series, the anthers articnlate on the short
filiform filaments, 2-celled, not atteuuated into a tube, although opeuiiig by a
single terminal pore in 2 short valves. Disk crenate, almost 5-lobed, between
the petals and stamens. Capsule opening at the edges. Seeds with an ap-
penchige or strophiohi at the chalazal end. — Shriibs with steUate hairs or
tomentum. Leaves opposite, toothed.

Densely tonientose. Leaves 1 in. or more. Pcdiccls shorter thau the

leavcs 1. T.steUigera.

Slendcr, with niiuufe scattered stcllate hairs. Leavcs under \ in. Pe-

diccls lonj^cr, fililbrm 2. 7'. diffusa.

1. T. stelligera, R. Br. in DC. Prod. i. 344. A shrub of 2 ft. or
raore, densely clothed witli stellate hairs sometimes short and tomentose or
abnost floccose, sometimes long and hirsute. Leaves opposite, shortly ])etio-
hite, ovate, obtuse, 1 to l^ in. long, coarsely and irregularly toothed or rarely
entire. Pedicels shortcr than tlie leaves. Sepals huiceolate, tomcntose oV
vidous, 2 to 3 lines long. Petals but little longer. Anthers rather longer
tlian their filameuts, dark-purple, hirsute pid)escent or glabrous, tnuicate
or oblicpie at the top. Ovary dcusely pubescent, with 2 super[)osed ovules in
each cell. Capsidc broadly ovatc, pubescent. Seeds niore or less silky-pu-
bescent, with a large booked appendage atthe chalazal end. — T. oppositijolia,
Sleetz, in PI. Preiss. i. 222.

^V. AuBtralia. Kiug George's Sound, R. Brown, aud many othcrs.

Tremandra.'] xiii. trkmandrk.ic.

137

Var. hupida. Branches and leaves rigidly hirsute. Anthers dabrous. Cansule nar-
rower thau m the nomal foru,, with suiaUer sceds, and a shorter appcudage, Lrummond, n.
iOJ, 194f «««; 217, Co//. 1843.

2. T. difFusa, 11. Br. m BC. Prod. i. 344. Slender and ditfase,the branclies
ottcn fihtorm aud spreadnig to 1 or l^ ft., ghibrous or minutely pubescent
Leaves petiohite, broadly ovate, 3 to 5 lines long, more or less toothed, o-la-
broiis above, rongh underneath, with very short scattered stellate hairs/ Pe-
dicels tilitbrm, often longer than the leaves, although sometiines short. Sepals
about 1 hne. Petals l^ lines long. Anthers pale, almost glabrous, not
longer than the filaments. Ovary viilous or pubescent, with 2 superposed
ovules in each cell. Capsule broader than long, didyraous, pubesceut. Seeds
sdky-pubescent, with a short straight appendage at the chalazal end.

n/^";/^'*®*'^"*" ^'''^^ ^'^^'' ^'"° George's Souud, R. Brown, Dnunmond, n. 216
Ulajieid. '

Order XIV. POLYGALEiE.

Flowers hermaphrodite, in-egular. Sepals 5, free, much imbricate the 2
inner ones nsually larger and petal-like. Petals 3 or 5, rarely all free' most
trequentiy 2 or 4 in pan-s united at the base with the lower concave or helmet-
shaped petal or keel and often with the staminal tube. Stamens 8 rarely 5 or
4, usually united to above the middle in a sheath open on the'upper side
Anlhei^ erect, 1- or 2-ceIIed, usually opening by a single terminal or oblique
pore. Torus small, or rarely expanded into a disk within tlie stamens Ovarv
iree, 2-celled or rarely 1-ceIled, or in a few flowers 3- to 5-ceIIed Style simple
usually curved at the top, with a variously shaped entire or 2-Iobed stio-,na'
Ovuies usually solitary in each cell, peudulous, anatropous wilh a ventral
raphe. Seeds pendulous, the crustaceous testa often hairy, and bearino- a
caruncle at the hilum or at tlie opposite end. Albunien fleshv or rarely d°ti-
cient. Embryo straight, with Hat, convex, or rarely thick and fleshy cotyle-
dons.— Herbs, nndershnd^s, or small shrubs, rarely (in genera or species not
Australian) tall shrubs, clnnbers or trees, glabrous or hairv, but without stel-
late hau-s. Leaves usually alternate and entire, without stipules, very rarely
opposite. Flowers solitary or in spikes or racemes, rarely paniculate, the
pedicels usually articulate at the base, with a subtending bract, and 2 brac-
teoles.

A considerable Order, widely dispersed over nearly the whole globe. Of the three Aus-
iralian geuera, one is the largest aud most extensivelv diffused of the whole Order here re-

one species extends to Australia ; the third is endemic. , u

Sepals nearly equal. Authers 4 or 5. Flowers minute, in termiual

spikes ... n o

Inner sepals larger and petal-like." Anthers s! Salomonia.

Capsule ovate or orbicular, scarcely contracted at the base. Seeds not
coniose.
Lateral pctals nnited with the carina (which is ahvays crcsted iu the

Austral.au spccies) . 2. Polygala.

i^ateral petals adnate to the staminal coluuin, but distinct from the

canua, which is not crested 3. CoMESPtRMA.

^apsule cuneate, very narrow at the base. Sced hairs fonniug a

^^■^S ^*""^ 3. COMESPEHMA.

j^38 XI^'- POLYGALE.E.

1. SALOMONIA, Lour.
Sopals nearlY equal, the 2 inncrmost rathcr larger. Petals 3, united in a
sin..li corolla open on the npper side, the keel not crested. htmuens uni ed
nearlv to the top iuto a sheath open on the npper side and adhern.g to t he
corolla at the base ; anthers 4 or 5. Ovary 2-celled. Capsule thiu flat ob-
cordate or trausverselv oblong, usnally ciliate. opemug locuhcidally at the
edo-es Seeds orbicular, with a minute or without auy caruncle.— femall slen-
der herb'^ either annual or parasitical ou roots. Leaves alternate, sometimes
reduced to minute scales. Flowers very small, in terminal spikes.

The few species known are aU natives of tropieal Asia, the most commou oue esteudmg
into tropical Australia ; but uoue have yet beeu fouud lu Africa.

1 S. oblongifolia, DC. Prod. i. 334. A slender glabrous annual,
erect aud simple, or sUghtly branehed at the base, 3 to 5, or rarely 6 in high.
Leaves sessile, tlie hrger ones oblong, 3 to 4 lines long. and scarce y above 1
broad the lower ones small and ovate. Plowers pink, scarcely a liue long,
iu terminal leafless raeemes or loose spikes of about an n>ch or rarely longer
Capside about 1 line broad, but not so loug, flattened, didymous bordered
with a fringe of hairs or slender teeth.-Deless. Ic. Sel. iii. t. 19 ; S. obovala,
Wight, llhistr. t. 22.

Oueensland. Eudeavour river, R. Brn,cn {Hb. R. Br) Comn.ou iu the warmer d.s-
tricls of ladia. from Ceylou aud the Peuii.sula to the Archipehigo aud thc Ph.hppiue [,laud,.

2. POLYGALA, Linn.
Sepals uneqtial, the 2 inuermost, or wiugs, large and petal-like. Petals 3,
united in a siugle coroUa open on the npper side, the keel bearmg a crest-hke
ai)pendage on the back near the top, or rarely (in species not Austrahan) 6-
klbed Stamens 8, uuited to above the middle iu a sheath opeu on tlie upper
side and adnate to the petals at the base. Ovary 2-celled. Style vanous.
Capside thin or rarely coriaceous, flatteued, obovate, ovate, or oi^ieular,
usiiallv notched at the top, opening loculicidally at the edges. Seeds ovate
or oblon»', hairv or ghd)rous, but the hairs not leugthened nito a coma, with
or without a caruncle at the hihnn.— Herbs, undershrubs, or shrubs. Leaves
u^^ually alternate or whorled. llacemes or spikes ternunal or hiteral, rarely

axiUarv.

\ vcrv larsie ffcnus. abundant iu tropical countrics, aud generally also in tempei;atc re-
cious except iu ;\ust.-alia, wherc it is, with oue exccpliou, limitcd to the tropical d.st.;.cts,
aud iu New Zeah.ud, where it is entirel.v abseut. Of the 7 Aust.al.au spec.es, 3 are sMdely
sp.-ead over tropical Asia, a..d Ihe 4 othcrs, although eudemic, are uca.-ly couuected also willi
corrcsponding Asiatic oucs.
rcrennial. Style with 2 stigmatic lobcs one above the other. Secds

obovate, shortly villous • \. P.japomca.

Amiuals. Sceds obloui; villous, the hairs much lousicr at the eud
furthest f.-o.n the hilum.
Racemes loug, termiual. Inner sepals petaloid, obtuse. Crest

friugcd. Stigma simple, tcrmiiial, capitate ^- ^- IqnrUea.

Kaccmes short,"vei-y deuse aud hirsute, tLrniiual or lateral. Inner

senals he.-baceous, acu.uinate. Crest 2-horued. Slyle with 1 , . , ,

erectlobeaudalowcrla.-geglandularstig.na Z. F. enocephala.

Pull/(ja(a.] XIV. POLYGALE.K. 139

llaceuies lateraL luiier sej^als lierbaceous, nmcrouate, usually fal-
cate. Crest friuged. tityle with 1 lar-e hooked or retlesed
stigmatic lobe.
Kacemes shorter thaa the leaves, or if longer, very dense.

Leaves oi-bicidar .. " ' " k. r, ^ ?■ , ■

Licaves irom obovate to luuar.

Capsules broadly winged and ciliate 4. P. rhinanihoides.

l^apsules wmgless and glabrous or nearly so 6 P arvensis

Racemes sleuder, much longer than the leaves 7. p^ stenoclada.

^ 1. P. japonica, Houtt. Syst. 8, t. 62, /. 1, accordlmj io BC. Prod. i.
o.-k Eootstock perennial, ofteu woody with age, eniitting nuuierous rather
sicnder leafy stems, decumbent or erect, rarely more than 6 in. long, more or
less pubescent. Leaves nearly sessile, the lower ones ovate, obtusetnd small
tlic upper ones elliptical or lanceolate, acute, ^ to | or rarely 1 in. lono- of a
rather tirin consistence, gkbrous and almost shining, distiuctly veined^' Ra-
cemes hiteral, sonietimes of 2 or 3 flowers ouly, and shorter than the leavc^
sometimes 6- to 8-flowered and longer. Bracts small and deciduous, but le^^s
so than in raost species. Outer sepals narrow-hanceolate ; inner ones ovate
obtuse, 2 to 3 liues long aud not oblique. Keel-petal crested. Ovary gla-
brous. Style thickened, incurved, with 2 unequal stigraatic lobes, the upper
one archmg over the lower short one. Capsule about 3 lines long and broad
includmg the rather broad wing. Seeds obovate, slightly pubescent, with a
3-lobed caruncle.— P. veronicea, F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 184.

Queensland. Dawson aud Brisbane rivers, F. Mueller.

Kf. S. Wales. Botauy Bay, R. Brown ; Paramatta to the Blue Mountains, aud shaded
situatious near B.ithurst, J. Cunningham ; Port Stepheus, Lady Parrij ; Hastiugs and Mae-
leay rivers, i)Vc/7«-; New Eugknd, C. -S^/war/. -^ j o

Victoria. Grassy or gravelly places on the Goulburu and Oveus rivers aud their
lowcr tributaries, F. Mueller.

Also in the hilly i-egious of tropical Asia aud noithward to Japau. I can, indced, find no
diltereuce between Ihe Auslraliau aud the Japauese specimens, except that ihe ilowers iu
tae latter are rather larger : but several Khasia specimens are precisely like the Australiau
oues. P elegans,\N^\\ from East ludia aud Chiua, differs slightly in the racemes most
irequeutly teruimai with nuuierous tlowers.

2. P. leptalea, BC. Prod. i. 325. An erect, glabrous, slender annual
simple or shghtly branched, usually 1 to li ft. high. Leaves few, linear, the
ionger ones about 1 m., the uppermost much smaller, and the lower ones
sometiraos shortly oblong. Fiowers sinall, numerous, pendulous, in a ]-sided
termmal racerae, on pedicels wliich rarely attain 1 line. Outer sepals narrow-
obloug, obtuse, the lowest rather larger and concave ; inner sepals nearly twice
as large, petal-like, broadly oblong, obtuse, 2 to 2\ lines long. Keel-petal
crested. Style scarcely thickened, much curved, inflexed at the sunimit with
an entire capitate stigma. Capsule broadly oblong, rather shorter than the
inner sepals, with a narrow transparent wing. Seeds hirsute with reflexed
hairs, the caruncle very small.— P. oUgophylla, DC. Prod. i. 325.

N. Australia. Upper Victoria river, F. Mueller ; Port Essington, Armsirong.
Queensland. Endeavour river, Tl. Broivn.
Ircqueut iu uorthern aud eastern ludia.

3. P. eriocephala, F. Muell. Herb. A moreor less pubescent annual,
m our specimens little branched and not exceeding 6 in. Leaves liiiear or

140 XIV. POLYGALEJi. \_Pohjgala.

oLloug-linear, some exceeding l^ in. Eaceraes lateral or terminnl, very dense
and ovoid or oblong, ^ to 1 in. long, and vcry villous, the Howers nearly ses-
sile. Outcr sepals small and alniost setaceous ; inner sepals ohliquely ovate,
acuminate, about 2 lincs long wlicn in Howcr, ncarly 4 when in fruit, herba-
ceous antl liirsute with slentler spreading hairs, conipletcly enclosing the very
fugacious corolla. Kecl-petal very nuich shorter than the side oucs, thc
dorsal crest cousisting ot' 2 long simple liorns. Stvle not thickened, 2-lobcd,
the upper lobe shortly tiliform and incurvcd, the lower one cxpauded into a
\-M-g^e stigmatic gland. Ovary covered with very long hairs. Capsule orbi-
cular, emarginate, not winged, 2 to nearly 3 lines long, hirsute with long tine
hairs. Seeds oblong, with reilexed hairs.

N. Australia. Upper Victoria river, F. Mueller.

4. P. rhinanthoides, Soland. in Herb. R. Br. An erect branching
slightly pubescent annual, from an iuch or two to abovc a foot higli. Leaves
obiong-lincar, or rarely obovate-oblong, obtuse or rarely acute, f to 1| in.
long, ghibroas or ciHate, narrowed into a short petiole. Kacemcs lateral,
short, rather dense, 6- to 10-flowered. Outer sepals lanceolate, Avith a tine
point ; inner sepals broadly ovate, oblique, mucrouate, ciliate, 2 to 3 lines
long. Keel-petal crested. Ovary broad, ciliate. Style slightly thickencd,
much curved, entire, with a broad almost petaloid decurvcd stigma, beardetl
underneath. Capsule 4 lines iong and broad, including a broad wing, pu-
bescent and ciliate. Seeds oblong, hirsute vvith reflexed hairs, the caruncle
decply 3-lobed.

N. Australia. TJpper Victoria river. F. Mueller.

Queensland. Eiuleavoiir rivcr, R. Brown.

V;ir. minor. A smaller and niore glabrous plant, with narrower leaves, looser racemes,
and niore glabrous ; capsules with iiarrower wiugs, alniost conuectiug the spccies wifh son)e
forms of P. arvensis. Upper Victoria river, /''. Miieller.

5. P. orbicularis, Benth. An annual of 3 to 6 in., branching at tlie
base ouly, glubrous or very sHghtly pubescent. Leavcs distinctly jKitiolate,
very broadly obovate or orbicular, or even broader than loug, f to 1 iu.
diameter, or the lower ones smallcr. Racemes usually terminal, dense, \ to
1 in. long. Outer sepals very smail and hinceolate ; inner scpals oblicpicly
ovate, rounded, with a short point, glabrous, about 2|- lincs long. Corolla
fully as long, the lateral petals unusually large, the crcst fringcd. Stvle not
thickcned, with an almost pctaloid uncinate-dccurved stigma, glabrous, or
slightly bcardcd undcrncath. Capsulc orbicular, 2j lines long, scarcely
winged. Seeds hairy, the caruncle 3-Iobed.

N. Australia. South Goiill)urn Island, A. Cimmngham ; Melville Island, /)•«*<';• ;
N. coast, Annstrong.

Ailicd to the var. obovata of P. arveiisis, hut appears to me, as far as hithcrto known, too
distinct in habit and foliage to be uuited with that species.

6. P. arvensis, Jfllld. Spec.Pl. iii. 87fi. A procumbent or rarely erect
annual, branching at the base only, sometimes not exceeding a couple of
inches when in full fruit, sometimes the prostrate or ascending brauches
cxteuding to 6 or 8 in. or even more, and usually pubescent. Lcaves from
obovate to oblong or linear, ^ to f in. long or rarely more. Flowers few, in
short sessile racemes, usually lateral, often shorter than the leaves, and rarcly

Polygala.'] xiv. polyoale.e. 141

leiiii-thening to aii incli. Outer sepals veiy small and narrow ; inner sepals
ovate-falcate, acnte or mucronate, 2 to 3 lines long, lierbaceous and glabrous
or sliglitly pubescent. Corolla about as loug, the lateral petals rather large,
the crest of the keel fringed. Ovary glabrous. Style scarcely thickened,
with an ahuost petaloid uncinate-decurved stignia, ghibrous and glandular
underneath. Capsule rather broad, glabrous or slightly pubescent, not
winged. Seeds very hairy. — DC. Prod. i. 326.

N. Australia. Upper Victoria river, F. Mueller ; Gonlburn Islaud, A. CunniHgham ;
N. coast, R. Brown.

Queenslaud. Endeavour river, R. Brown.

A very couimon East Indian weed, variable in foliage and stature ; tlie following forms
appeariug sometimes constant enough to be considered asdistinct species : —

Var. obovafa. Leaves all obovate, giving the plant the aspect of a young Eupliorlia he-
lioscojiia. Cavern Islaud, Carpeutaria, R. Brown.

Var. squarrosa. Leaves narrow. Flowers suiall and nuraerous, iu oblong racemes, mostly
terminai, the iuuer sepals narrowaud falcate. P. squarrosa, Solaud. ms. Eudeavour river,
R. Brown ; Upper Victoria river, F. MueUer.

Var. stenosepala. Leaves narrow-linear. Racemes short and few-ilowered, or flowers
alniost solitary. Inner sepals narrow and less falcate. Capsule uot above half as broad as
loug. Victoria river, F. Mueller ; aud nearly the same forni, but with more flowers, Aru-
hem Bays, R. Brown.

7. P. stenoclada, Benth. K slender, glabrous, erect annual, simple or
little brauclied. Leaves distant, very narrow-linear, almost terete, obtuse or
minutely pointed, ^ to 1 in. long. Peduncles lateral, slender, elongated,
bearing towards the top a slender raceme of sniall blue tiowers on very short
pedicels. Outer sepals hmceohrte, very acute with scarious margins ; inner
sepals abotit 2 lines long, broadly ovate-lanceolatc and falcate with a dark-
coloured point. Keel-petal crested. Ovary glabrous. Style slender, much
curved, with an ahuost petaloid deflexed bhie stigma, bearded ou the under
side.

N. Australia. Uppei- Victoria rivcr, F. Mueller.

The inflorescence is tiiat of soine spccimens of the East Indian P. Wit/htiana, but bcsides
the difference in foliage, the flowers are much smaller and narrower, and approach much
more in structure the P. arvensis, froui which P. stenoclada difFers chiefly iu iuflorescence,
aud, in the above described specimeus, iu its very narrow leaves.

Var. (?) stenosepala. Rather taller and more branched. Leaves oblong or linear, flat, \\o\
in. long. 1'lowers in a loose peduuculate racenie, much louger thau the ieaves, as in P. ste-
noclada ; but the inuer sepals are narrow, poiuted, and much falcate, as iu the var. steno-
sepala of P. arvensis. — Carpentaria Poiut aud Aruhem Bays, R. Brown {Hb. R. Br.).

3. COMESPERMA, Labill.

Sepals unequal, the 2 innerinost, or wings, large and petal-like. Petals 3,
the keel not crested, the two lateral ones separately attached to the staminal
cohunn, and either overlapped by the keel or outside it at tlie top. Stameus
8, united to above the middle in a sheath, open on the upper side and adnate
to tlie petals at the base. Ovary 2-celled. Style incurved, oblicpiely stig-
niatic and more or less 2-lobed at the top. Capsule coriaceous or almost
niembranous, usually cuneate and much naiTOwed at the base, rarely nearly
orbicular, opening ioculicidally at the edges. Seeds ovate or oblong, pendu-
lous, pubesceut or hairy, the hairs lengthening into a coma whenever the cap-

142 XIV. POLYGALE.E. \^Comesperma.

sule is narrowed at tlie base, without any caruncle at tlie hilum, but the raphe
often expanded into a caruncular appendage at the opposite end. — Herbs
undershmbs or shrubs, erect or twiaing. Leaves alternate, usually sniall.
Kacemes tenninal.

A strictly Australian genus, with which was formerly unitctl the Brazilian Bredemei/era {Ca-
tocoma, Benth.) ; but, besides the difference in habit, thc hitter has a more or less fleshy
capsule, and the sceds have a k)ng conia proceeding from the hiium ; whilst in Comesiierma,
the couia, when prcsent, consists of the hairs of the testa, which always extend to the b:i.se
of the capsnle, although the seed is ofteu not half so long. In 2 species the capsule is that
of a Pohjyahi, and the seeds have uo coma ; but in thosc the inscrtion of the lateralpetal?,
vcry different from that of Fohjyala and approaching that of Monnina, is strongly markcd.
In P. voluhihs (which was chieHy takeu into account in verifying the charaeters for our
' Genera Phintanim '), the arrangemeut of the pctals is uearer to that of Poli/fjahi, bnt there
the carpological characters are very decided. Besides that, the geuns Coviesperma is so na-
tural a oue, that it is nevcr liable to be confounded with any of those allied to it in struc-
ture. The precise arrangement of the petals iu the smaller-ilowered species, very dilfieult
to ascertain iu dried specimens, requires verification from the living plaut.

Capsule sessile. Seeds filling the celis, without a conia. Steins
leafless. (Seet. Frostbemosperma, F. Muell.)
Capsule orbicular. Flowers in a short tcrminal raceme .... 1. C. spluerocarpun; .
Capsule obovate or cnneate. Flowers distant.

Branches erect, rigid, broom-like. Seed with a broad terminal

mcmbi-flue 2. C. scoparium.

Brauches very slender, divaricate, intricately branched. Seed

with a long terminal appendage 3. C aphyllum.

Branches divaricate, thorny. Seeds withont any appendage . . 4. C spinosum.
Capsule narrowed into a stipes, containing f he long conia of the seeds,
which only occupy the broad part of the cclls.
Outer sepals all free, much shorter thnn the wings.
Branches twining or very short and ahnost leaflcss.
Leaves few, mostly obtuse. Capsnle uot winged.

Flowers blue or wiiite. Pediccls ghibrous 5. C. voliibile.

riowers yellow. Pediccls pubcsccnt 'J. C. integerrimum .

Leaves very few and small, acute, ciliate. Bracls ciliatc. Cap-

sulc winged. Flowers bhie 6. C. ciliaium.

Steins erect, leafy.

Leaves fiat, ovate or obhnig.
Pubescent.

Lcaves small, broadly ovate, nuicronatc, crowded. Flowers

1 to H liues 8. C. semndum.

Leavcs thick, oblong, obtuse 9. C. Brmmnondii.

Glabrous.

Leaves nmcrouate, vcry ghiucous 11. C. sijlrestre.

Leaves obtuse, greeu 10. C. retnsum.

Leaves lincar.

Leaves pungent, strongly keeled. Keel-petal horned . .12. C. acerosum.
Leaves with revohite margins. Kcel-petal not horned . . 13. C. ericinum.
Leavcs very narrow, ahnost teretc.

Racemes clongatcd. Bracts comose. Flowers blue . . 14. C. confertum.
Racemes eoryrabose or conical. Bracts very minute.

1'iowers ycUow 15. C.fiavum.

Outer sepah all free, nearly as long as the toings. (Sect. Iso-
caljrx, Steetz^
Stcms lcafy.

Capsulc narrowcd into a long stipcs 16. C. cahjmega.

Capsule ehiptical or oblanceolate, shortly narrowed at Ihe

base 17. C. lanceolatitm.

Coniespenna.] xiv. polygale/E. 143

Stems very slender, almost leafless 18. C. defoHatum,

Tioo of the outer sepals connaie. (Sect. Disepalum, Steetz.)
Flowers small, the wiogs iiot twice as long as the outer sepals.

Leaves few, small, distant ...,'" 19. C. niidiusculum.

Wings 3 or 4 times as long as the outer sepals. Leaves linear.
Leaves strongly keeled. Keel-petal horned. Seeds with a

membrane at the end furthest from the hilum . . . . 20. ^. virgatum.
Leaves flat, not keeled. Keel-petal not horued. Seeds with-

out any appendage 21. C. jiolygaloides.

1. C. sphaerocarpum, Btedz, hi Vl. Preiss. ii. 314. Eootstock woody
but not tliick, with slender, broom-like, or flexuose steins, sometimes perhaps
sbghtly twining, f to l^ ft. long, glabrous and slightly sulcate. Leaves re-
duced to minute distant scales, or the lower ones rarely 2 lines long, and
linear. Flowers 3 to 6, in a short loose terminal raceme, on pedicels of 1 to 3
lines, the bracts very minute and deciduous. Outer sepals oblong, rather
acute, abnost scarious, about half the length of the inner ones, which avo
broadly obovate, bkie and petal-like, 2 to nearly 3 lines long. Corolla and
style of C. scoparium. Capsule nearly orbicular, about 2 lines diametei',
sbghtly cuneate at the base or at length quite obtuse, glabrous. Seeds ovate,
shortly pubescent, with a short membrauous hairy appendage at the lower or
chalazal end.

N. S. Wales. Hunter's River and Port Jackson, R. Brovm^ ; Mount Tomah, R.
Cunninrjhani ; Paramatta, Woolls ; Hastings river, ^t^C/t/^-r.

2. C. scoparium, Steetz, in Pl. Preiss. ii. 309. Stems woody at the
base, with numerous erect, rigid, broom-bke, sulcate branches, 1 to 2 ft. high,
glabrous. Leaves all reduced to minute distant scales. Flowers bkie, singly
scattered along the smaller branches on exceedingly sliort, thickened pedicels,
surrounded by several minute, scale-like, obtuse, imbricate bracts. Outer
sepals rather rigid, obovate-oblong, more than half the length of the inner
ones, the lowest the smallest. Inner sejials petal-Iike, very broadly obovate,
about 2 lines long ; keel-petal about as long, the 2 lateral lobes broad ancl
short ; lateral petals shorter, narrow, free almost from the base, overlapping
the keel. Ovary glabrous. Style not winged. Capsule sessile, cuneate-ob-
long, about 3 lines long, with a thickened margin. Seeds slightly pubescent,
with a hairy membrane at the chalazal end, often more than half the length
of the seed, and continuous with the prominent raphe. — F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i.
]8G.

N. S. Wales. Dcsert of the Darling, ncar Fitzgerald rangcs, F. Mueller.
Victoria. Saudy desert, near the Jlnrray, Ballachi/.

W. Australia. Swan Rivcr, where it is known as the ' Swan-river Broom,' Drum-
mond; Murchison river, Oldfield ; Fitzgerald ranges, J/a.re<;^//.

3. C. aphyllum, R. Br. Herh. Tall, erect, and leafless, with very nu-
merous slender, almost filiform, although rigid, divaricate branches, slightly
sulcate, not thorny, and quite glabrous. Leaves all reduced io very minute
distant scales. Flowers few and very sraall, singly scattered along the smaller
branches. Outer sepals small and free ; inner sepals scarcely above 1 line
long and petals scarcely longer. Capsule sessile, obovate, about 2 lines long.
Seeds without long hairs, but with a membranous appendage at the lower or
chalazal end, more than half as long as ihe sced.

XIV. POLYGALE^E. \(jomei]perma.

144

N. Australia. Islauds of the N. coast, R. Brown (Ilerh. R. Br).
4 C. spinostim, F. Muell. Tmgm. i. 144. A rigid, much branclied,
glabrous, le"flcss shrub, the brauehes scarcely sulcate the «^ l^'" --;-' ^^^f
h, rio-id thorns. Leaves all reduced to nanute subulate scales. Plo^^eis te«
sa'te d ingly on the short branches. Outer sepals free broad, ngid no
1 line lonc. ; ^iLr sepals broad, about 2 lines. Petals rather longer, lateial
iob fof he keel-petal short and broad, lateral petals as long or rather onger.
Cn side nnrrow-obovate,about 3 lines long, shortly acuminate, eontracted b -
low tie m?ddle, but sea^^ely stipitate. Seeds (which I have not seen) shortly
and densely villous, without any appendage.

W. Australia. Saudy tracts, Fitzgerald ranges, aud West Mount Barren, MaxiceU.

5 C. volubile, LahUl. Pl. Nov. Holl. ii. 24, t. 163. A glabrous twiner,

with nuQierous branches, sometimes extending to a considevable length rarely

Tlort an.l flexuose, or almost erect. Leaves few, the lower ones oblong-

inear or lanceolate, sometimes above an inch long and narrowed nito a pet^u)le,

le upper ones linear or rarely obovate, small and distant Kaceu.es axdlary

or tern inal, loose, 1 or rarely 2 in. long, sometimes 2 or 3 toge ther. 1 bweis

bue 0 rar lY white, on pedicels of 1 to 2 lines Outer sepals very broad,

ob usc about 1 line long; inner sepals fully 3 Imes long, nearly orbiculai,

d st ncti; elawed. Keel-petal with 2 oblong lateral lobes turned mwards uj

a^Son and overlapped, at least at the top, by the 2 large, obova e, ateral

peta Stvle ddatedvlpwards, but not winged. Capsule 4 to nearly 5 hnes

ong,rounded, truncate and often slightly acumtnate at the top, ucaj y l^

lines broad, and graduallv narrowed into a rather broad stipes. Seeds oblong,

rion. hairs forming the coma much fe..r on the - es thatr on he edge..

-DC Prod. i. 334 ; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 31 ; F. Muell. Pl \ ict. i. 191 , t

torlLul Steetz, in Pl. Preiss. ii. 303 ; C. graclle, Paxt. Mag. v. 145, with

a flg.

N S Wales. Port Jackson to the Bh.e Mountains, R. Brown, Sieber, n. 36(5, aud

^'"i^iet^lfl^^t tdt^^Wountry, .ideW distributed over t.e eolony, T^^r.eUer^
Jasman a. R. Bro.n ; throughout the islaud, abundant^ ,n h,ht so.ls, dunbu.g over

lln^ZT.mosl heautilnl plaut. well known as the ' Blue C,-eei.er/ J^I). f^^' ;
S Australia. W/Mder ; Si.eucer's Gnlf, irarbur/on ; Qu.ckeu Bay, h.Mueller.
W AustraUa. Ki..g Gem-ge-s Souud, R. Brow», Fraser ; Swau Ihver, Drummond,

cTi^^^TS^ So,ue'of tbese speei.neus, i.robahly after having bcen eaten down,have

^'t'^:S^:; t:l rB.at: Mose. 1854, ii. 352, fVo. ^V. Austraha. Gilbert. n. 86.

3' o Sr ^ by ereet u;..d.rhr:;,ehed ste..;. It is possible that tbe idea n.ay have
Een s..g,Ssted by sl....ted speei.nens of C. voluhUe, sueh as those above alh.ded to.

6 C. ciliatum, SleHz, m Fl. Preiss. ii. 304. Very near C. vMile,
with' similar glabrous, twining, sulcate branches. Le^ves stdl fewer, ve.j
small rigid an.l aevite, usually ciliate with stirt' hairs. Bracts hnear-subulate
^ho cilia^te. Plowers blue or pink, rather -naller th.wn C. ^oMae^^
more numerous, in rather dense termnial racemes of 2 to 3 m. Outei sepais
rate-Xng, obtuse or almost acute, above 1 line long ; mner sepals and
petals like those of C. vohMe, but mueh smaller. Capsules on long ped.cels,

Comesperma.'] xiv. polygale.e. 145

like those of C. volubile, but rather broader, owiiig to a meiubraiioiis wiug
which borders thein more or less, especially towards the summit.

V/'. Australia. Swan River, Dricmmond ; Geographer Bay, King river, and Black-
wood river, Oldfield.

7. C. integerrimum, Endl. in Hneg. Ennm. 7. Very near C. voluhile,
with similar twining sulcate branches and few oblong-linear or lanceolate
leaves, but the young shoots racemes and pedicels are usnally minutely
hoary-pubescent, the racemes are denser, with sliorter and tirmer pedicels, and
the flowers yellow and rather smalier. Outer sepals broad and obtuse as in
C. volubile. Petals similarly shaped, except that the hUeral lobes of the keel
are rather deeper, but I have in vain sought for the small additional petals
described by Steetz. Capsule 8 to 9 lines long, \\ lines broad at the top,
with a veiy prorainent obtuse acumen, gradually narrowed into a stipes at
the base. Seed 4 to 5 lines long, tapering almost to a point, otherwise nearly
terete, the hairs of the coma proceeding from all over the surface. — Steetz, in
Pl. Preiss. ii. 305 ; C^ acandens, Steud. in Pl. Preiss. i. 211.

^V. Australia. Rottenest Island, A. Cunningham ; Swan Eiver, Driimmond, Coll.
1S43, n. 486 ; near Mount Desmoud, Herb. F. 3iiieller.

8. C. secundum, Bmika, in BC. Prod. i. 334. A low, much-branched,
rigid shrub, with the habit of some Epacrideae, the branches softly pubescent.
Leaves crowded, spreading, ovate, niucronate, 3 to 3 lines long, rigidly cori-
aceous, rougli with minute tubercular hairs. Flowers very small and nu-
nierous, in slender one-sided racemes of 1 to 2 in., on very short pedicels.
Outer sepals short, very broad and obtuse ; inner sepals nearly three tiraes as
hjng, although scarcely exceeding 1 line, apparently pink. Keel-petal very
broad, overhipping the narrow lateral ones. Style not winged. Capside
fully \ in. long, truncate, 3-toothed, and scarcely 1 line broad at the top,
tapering into a slender stipes twice as long as the oblong part. Seed elon-
gated, without any appendage, the long coma apparently very decidiious, but
nut seen quite ripe.

N. Australia. Islands of the north coast, R. Broim.

Queensland. Eiideavour river, R. Brown ; Cape Fhnders, A. Cunningham.

9. C. Drummondii, Steetz, in Pl. Preiss. ii. 301. Shrubby, witli
short rigid branches, and all over glaucous, with a minute pubescence only
visible nnder a lens. Leaves narrow-oblong, mostly obtuse, 3 to 4 lines long,
very thiek and rather concave, the midrib rarely conspicuous. Racemes many-
flowered, short rnd almost coryrabose, although the pedicels are rather long.
Klowers of C. retusuin. Capsule, according to F. INLueller, narrower, with a
shorter stipes.

^V. Australia, Dnimmond ; StiHiug rangrs to West Mount Barren, Ma.rweU.

10. C. retusum, Labill. Pl. Nov. HoU. ii. 22, t. IGO. Glabrous, erect,
shrubby aud rauch-branched, often several feet high, the branches mostly
erect and not sulcate. Leaves oblong, obtuse, rarely above \ in. loiig, flat
but rather thick, the midrib not prominent. Kaceraes short and dense,
usually several in a terrainal, lealy, flat corymb or pyramidal panicle. Outer
sepals ovate, obtuse, about 1 line long; inner sepals nearly 3 lines. Petals

VOL. I. L

^^,^ XIV. POLYGALE.E. [Comcsperma.

.1 cLm-fpr • ihe keel not horne.l. Cansule usually about 5 lines long,
:^.^Zl^^t^lk aua about^i Uues bvo.l at the top, nar-
Sll^astipes n.uch loa.er than the broad part ^^-1^;--;-^»^;
out anv membrauous appeu.hige.-DC. Prod. i. 334 , Hook. t. ti. iasm.
32; F.^MueU. Pl. Vict. i. 190.

%-T^Zts 'K;?^.S:'if Z^S.... n. 365 ; Blue Mountains aod to the
-^-^d: ^WuSSl^ .^;Sgr ;lS:::^alc.g^e ^vulets and to.ents of t.e

thc sL "a" el'evation of 3600 ft. in the Westeru Mountains. J. B. Uooker.

U C svlvestre, UM. in Mllch. Trop. Anstr. 3i2 A glabrous and
erect VhnU. oYleveral tlet, resen.bliug C. retnsum, with which ^; ^i^^^eller pro-
Zes to unite it, but much more glaucous. Leaves larger, ofteu f ni. long
^mT s metimes 3 lines broad, mucrouate or put.gent, o^^-^\f^
Flowers rather larger, with broader onter sepals. Capsule about ^ m. long.
__1\ Muell. Fragm. i. 49.

Queensland. Opun forcst, near Mounts Faraday and Pluto, Mdchell ; sandy forest
table-laud ou the Suttor rivcr, F. Mneller.

19 P C acerosum, Strelz, In Pl. Preiss. ii. 299. Ghibrous, rigid erect,

.ncl li tlf ira™"' a hard abuost woody base, 1 to 1 1 ft. high. Leaves

i^ln ect, rigid, with a shovt usually pungent pomt, not above ,^ m. ong,

t on<4v keJled Racemes rather dense, 1 to 2 in. h,ug ped.cels 1 to H hr-s.

Out r epals 3, nearlv equal, all free, very broad and obtuse, not 1 bne long ;

hu er petl oicl epals obovate, about 3 lines. Keel-petal w.th a horu-hke ap-

m aS on the b\.ck as in C. virgatnrn. Capsule about 3 hnes long, trunca e

o Sitlv 3-toothed at the top, narrowed into a stipes about as long as the

broad part. Seeds comose, with a vei-y short membrane at the chalazal end.

W Anstralia Swan River, Drummond, n. 431, and Coll. 1843, n. 4«)2, niixed w.th
C.^;.trwh!.h"this species eloscly resc.nbles in ahnost all eharaeters exeept...g the
outer sepals, which arc all t.-ee.

13 C ericinum, T>C Prod. i. 334. Glabrous or minutely pubescent.
usualiv ei*ect, with rioid brauch<-s 1 to 2 or even 3 ft. high, woody at the base.
T r ves linear erect or spreading, crowded or rather (hstant, obtuse or acute,
rm^lv above \ in. long and usually shorter, the n.argms recurved or more tre-
que.al ; quite revolute" Hacemes usually several and short n, a eaty i>amcle,
bu bn-^er and less dense than in C. retnsnm., rarely slender, and kmgthe,.mg
ou to 3 or 4 m. Outer scpals all free, ovate or ovate-U^nceolate, i to 1 hne
lot inner sepals about 3 Unes. Keel-petal not horne* . Capsule 3 to 4
S'lon" vuncate, with rounded angles or e..tirely rounded at the top nar-

wec nto a stipes usually longer tha,; tho broad part. Seeds obbng,
oomose with a verv small memb.-ane at the lower or chalazal end.-Hook. t.

Fl Tasm 32; F. MueU. Ph Vict. i. 190; C. coridifohnm,k Cmin. m

Md N S Wabs, 337 ; C latifolinm, Steetz.in PL Pre.ss. u. 29o .Cacut.

folinm Steetz l c. 296; C linarirefolinm, A. Cunn. m Steetz, 1. c. 2J7.
Queensland. Mo,-eton Bay, J. Cmningham ; Glasshouses and Bu.nctt ranges,

F. Maeller.

Coinespermn.'] xiv. polygale.e. 147

W. S. Wales. Abiindaiit about Port Jackson, R. Brow», Sleber, n. 304, 534, niid
TI.Mi.rt. 550, and others ; and in the interior, A. CtDinhu/ham ; northward to Claieucc aiid
Ilasdngs rivers, BecUer ; and southward to Twofold Bay, F. Mueller.

Victoria. Heathy tracts, as well of the lowlands as*of the mountains, not rare in the
southern and castern parts of the colony, F. MaeJler.

Tasmania. North coast, near the sea, aud islands of Bass's Straits, in sandy soil,
/. 7). llooker.

Var. patentifolium. Leaves very spreading, often pungent, vejy broad at the bnse.
— Bnrnett ranges in the interior of *N. S. Wales, F. Mueller. C. patentifolium, F. Jluell.
Frngni. i. 48. (See F. Mueli. Pl. Vict. i. 190.)

\ ar. ot)longatum, R. Br. Leaves oblong-linear, obtuse and inucronate, longer aud with-
less revolute margius than usuaL — East coast, R. Brown.

14. C. confertum, Lahlll. Pl. Nov. Holl. ii. 23, t. 161. Glabrous,
erect, rigid, and usually branching above tbe niiddle, 1 to 2 ft. bigh. Leaves
rather crowded, narrow-Hnear, thick, with the margins recurved so as to be
alinost terete, acute, often above ] in. long. Tlowers rather small, in slender
but rather dense racemes of 2 to 3 in. or even more, on pedicels of 1 to 2
lines. Oiiter sepals free, broad and very obtuse, scarcely raore than 1 liiie
long; inner sepals about 2 liues. Keel-petal rather sliorter, not horned,
Caps\ile 3 lines long or rather more, rounded and sometimes emarginate, but
scarcely truncate at the top, narrowed into a stipes longer than the broad part.
Seeds comose, the raphe projecting and membranous, but not expanded into
a terrainal raembrane.— DC. Prod. i. 334 ; C. loiigifoUum, Steud. in PI. Preiss.
i. 206 ; C. Jiirtulwm, Steud. 1. c. 209.

W. Australia. King George's Sound, LabUlavdiere, E. Brown, A. Cuiiningham,
JJruhimoiicl, Preiss, n. 2351), and others ; E. Mount Barren, Madwell.

15. C. flavum, DC. Prod. i. 334. Glabrous and erect, with rather
rrowded linear, ahnost terete leaves like C. cotiferlnm, but usually more
branched and the leaves more spreading. Flowers yellow, larger than in
C. coufertim., m short, very dense, almost corymbose or shortly conical ra-
ceuies, rarely above 1 in. long, the pedicels nearly 2 lines when in flower, and
3 when in fruit. Outer sepals all free, very short and obtuse; inner sepals
21 lines long. Keel-petal not horned. Ca*psule fully 4 lines long and not
above 1 line broad, narrowed into a stipes much longer than the broad part.
Seeds oblong, coniose, without any prominent raphe. — Deless. Ic. Sel. iii. t.
20 ; C. xantliocarpum, Steud. PI. Preiss. i. 209.

W. Australia. King George's Sonnd, R. Browii, Fraser, A. Cunninriham. Harvei/ ;
Swan River, Drummond, Coll. 1843, n. 490; Priucess Royal Harbour, Gordon river, aud
Chaiupion Bay, Oldfield.

10. C. calymega, Lahill. Pl. Nov. JIoll. ii. 23, t. 162. Glabrous or ncnrly
so, with a perenuial, sometimes woody rootstock, and simple or slightiy
branched, erect stems, from 6 in. to rather more than 1 ft. high. Leaves not
numerous, the lower ones elliptical or oblong, the upper linear, rarely aljo^e
\ m. long, rather thick, flat or wath slightly recurved margins, without any
proininent keel. Plowers small, blue, in rather slender racemes of 1 to 3 in.
Outer sepals all free, oblong or lanceolate, about \\ lines loug ; inner sepals
rather longer, more decply coloured, obovate, unguiculate. Keel-petal not
horncd, longer than the lateral ones. Style distinctly 2-Iobed. Capsule 3 to
nearly 4 lines long, tnmcate or 3-loothed at the top,"uaiTowed into a stipes at

L 2

148 XIV. POLYGALE.E. [Comesperma.

least as lono- as the broad part. Seeds coraose, without any terminal appen-
(laoe.— DC. Prod. i. 334 ; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 32 ; F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i.
18^8; C. isocalyx, Spreng. Syst. Veg. iii. 172; C. stridum, Endl. in Hueg.
Euum. 7; C.'tenue, Steud. in Pl. Preiss. i. 208; C. vnriam and C. parvi-
fiorum, Steud. 1. c. 210 ; C. herhacpum, Steud. 1. c. 211 (the last synonyin taken
from Steetz, in Pl. Preiss. ii. 307) ; C. spathulatum, Turcz. iu BuU. Mosc.
1854, ii. 353 (from the character given).

Victoria. Bushy barrea ritlges aud mouatains, anJ arid heatby plains in niauy parts
of the colouv, F. MiieUrr. • i i

Tasmaiiia, E. Broion ; common on sandy flats along the nortb shores of tbe island
and iu the islauds of Bass's Straits, /. D. Hooker.

S. Australia. Kaugaroo Islaud, St. Viucenfs Gulf, aud Lofty and other ranges in
the interior, F. Mneller, Belir, etc.

W. Australia. Kiug George's Sound to Swan River, Brnmmond, Preiss, n. 2365,
2374, etc., and otbers ; Murchison river, Oldjleld.

Var. latifolmm. Lower leaves obovate, i to 1 in. long ; upper leaves few, small, and
distant. Capsule 5 lines long. Swan Kiver, Drummond ; King George's Souud, R. Brmvn.

17. C. lanceolatum, R. Br. Herb. Nearly allied to C. cahjmega,cx-
cepting in the fruit. Stems slender, erect, glabrous, not above 6 in. high, or
branching and decumbent at the base. Leaves small, uaiTow-linear, rather
rigid, erect and acute, mostly 2 to 3 lines long. Eacemes short. Flo^Acrs bhie,
rather larger tlian in C. cabjmega. Outer sepals all free, oblong, thin, nearly
2 liiies long; inner ones scarcely longev. Capside elliptical or oblanceolate,
tapering rather more at the base than at the point, nearly 3 Hues long and
rather raore than 1 line broad. Seeds oblong, i\illy half as long as the cap-
side, comose, without any terminal appendagc.

W. Australia. S. coast, east of King George's Sound, U. Broion {Hb. R. Br.).

18. C. defoliatum, F. MueU.Pl. Fict. i. 189. Allied in habit to C.
nudluscuhim with the flowers of C. calymecja. Rhizome woody, with rigid
aiid rush-like, but slender and sonietimes almost filiform stems, 1 to 2 ft.
high, and glabrous. Leaves very few and distant, small, narrovv-linear or
sonietimes^all reduced to small liiiear scales. Raccmes slender, 1 to 2 in. long.
Plowers rather larger than in C. cahjmeja. Outer sepals all free, oblong,
nearlv as long as the inner oncs. Capsule 3 or 4 Hnes long, contracted into
a long narrow stipes. Seods comose, withont any terminal appendage. — C.
nndimcuUtm, Steetz, in Pl. Preiss. ii. 308, not DC.

N. S. Wales. Port Jacksou aiid IIuuter's Kivcr, R. Brown ; Illawarra, Sliepherd ;
Clarcnce rivcr, BcckJer.

Victoria. Scattercd over saudy bcathy ridgcs froni Bort Thillip to the Broadribb
rivcr, 7''. MueUer.

Tasmauia. South Port, C. Stuart.

19. C. nudiusculum, DC. Prod. i. 334. Stems elongated, slender,
o-labrous, with few very sraall distaut leaves alniost reduced to scales. Plowers
small, blue, iu a very short raceme, which after flowering lengthens to 1 in.
or more. Outer sepals about \\ lines long, oblong, the 2 upper connate to
nenr the top ; inner sepals not twice as long, usually about 2 lines, broadly
obovate, with a short claw adhenng to the corolla. Keel-petal not horned,
lateral ones narrow. Style rauch thickened above. Capsule about 3 luies
long, narrowed into a stipes about twice as long as the broad part. Seeds

Comesperma.'] xiv. polygale.e. 149

comose, without any termiiial membraue. — C. ramofiissimum, Steud. iu Pl.
Preiss. i. 209; C. megapterycja, Steud. 1. c. 207 (according to Steetz, iu Pl.
Preiss. ii. 314).

^V. Australia. Kin;.;- George's Souml, R. Brown, A. Cunningliam, Fraser, Preiss, ii.
23G9, 2370, anJ others ; Mouiit Barker, Oldjield.

20. C. virgatum, Lahill. Pl. Nov. Holl. ii. 21, t. 159. Glabrous, witli
a woody rootstock aud erect, stiff, simple or somewhat branchiug stems, ] to
\\ or rarely 2 ft. liigh. Leaves distant or rather crowded, linear or linear-
lanceohite, obtuse or scarcely poiuted, rarely exceediug -| iu. in leugth, with
the inidrib or keel promineut underneath. PJowers bhie, ratlier mimerous, iu
a raceuie of 1 to 3 in., often lengtlieuing out after floweriug to nearly 6 in.,
llie pedicels frora 1 lo 2 lines. Bracts with a tine poiut, often comose iu tlie
young raceme, but falliug oft" during flovveriug. Outer sepals about 1 liue
loug, the 2 upper ones united to near the top ; inner sepals nearly 3
lines long. Keel-petal very broad, with a horn-like appendage on the back
near the top, sometimes above \ line long, sometimes reduced to a small tu-
bercle. Style winged towards the top. Capsule about 3 lines long, truncate
or 3-toothed, and about 1 line broad at the top, narrowed into a stipes as long
as the broad part. Seeds ovate, comose with a small membranous appeudage
at the chalazal end. — DC. Prod. i. 334; Steetz, in Pl. Preiss. ii. 311; C. simplex,
Eudl. in Hueg. Enum. 7 ; C corniculatum, Steud. in Pl. Preiss. i. 206 ; C.
loiKjehracteotum and C. roseum, Steud. 1. c. 207 ; C. contractum and C. cemn-
lum, Steud. 1. c. 208; C. laxiusculum, Steud. 1. c. 210; C. selagimides, Turcz.
in Bull. Mosc. 1854, ii. 352.

■W. Australia. Apparently common, from the south coast to Swan River, Lahil-
lardiere,A. Cunnintjham, Druinmond, n. 215, 489, 492 (niixed in some cases with C. acero-
sum), Treiss, n. 2360, 2361, 2363, 2371, etc; Chauipiou Bay, Boicer.

C. coniiculatinn, Steud., aud C. (emvhun, Steud., are both kept up by Steetz, in Pl. Preiss.
ii. 310, but ihe difterences iudicated do uot appear to me to be quite borue out by the in-
spection of Preiss's specinicns.

21. C. polygaloides, T. Muell. in Tram. Vhil. Soc. Viet. i. 7, aud Vl.
Vict. i. 187, t. 8. Yery near C. virgatum, but a smaller plant, with a less
woody rootstock, and more simple stems, rarely 1 ft. high. Leaves from
linear to oblong, flat, without the ]n'ominent keel of C. virgatum, rarely above
\ in. long. Outer sepals slightly longer and less obtuse than in C. virgatum,
the two upper ones connate as in that species. Keel-petal without any dorsal
appendage. Capsule about 4 lines long, narrowed into a stipes nearly twice
as long as the broad part. Seeds very comose, without any terminal mem-
brane.

Victoria. Scattered over the low ridges aud barren plains of the southern and weslcni
parts of the colony, F. MueUer.

S. Australia. Near Adelaide, Whittaker ; Rivoli Bay aud Encouutcr Bay, F. Mneller ;
Kangaroo Island, Waterhouse ; Spencer's Gulf, Warburton.

Order XV. FRANKENIACE^.

riowers regiilar, hermaphrodite. Calyx tubular, persistent, with 4, 5, or
rarcly 6 lobes, valvate in the bud, and as many promiuent angles and furrows.

150 XV. FKANKEMACE.E.

Petals as inany, InpogTiioiis, iinbvicate in tlie bud, free, tlie claws witli an
adnate plate or appendag-e on the inner face, tlie lamina spreading. Stamens
iisually 6, sometimes 4 or 5 or indetinite, liypogynous, free or shortly uniled
in a ring at the base ; filaments filiform or tiattened ; anthers 2-celled, versa-
tile. Ovary free, sessile, 1-celled, with 3, rarely 2 or 4, parietal placentas, or
very rarely a single one. Style filiform, with as many branches as placentas,
tlie stigmas capitate or oblique. Ovules several, or rarely soiitary, to each
phicenta, attached to rather long ascending funicles, ampliitropous or nearly
anatropous, with an inferior micropyle. Seeds ovoid or oblong, testa crus-
taceous, the hilinn almost terminal. Embryo straight, in a mealy albumen,
the radicle next the hilum, shorter than, or as long as, the cotyledons. — Low
herbs or undershrubs, much branched and jointed at the uodes. Leaves op-
posite, small, without stipules, often chistered in the axils. Flowers usually
])ink or purple, sessile in the forks of the branches, forming a more or less
dense, terminal, leafy cyme, sometimes coutracted into a globidar head.

The Order consists of a single genus, closel}' allied to the small group of HianthetE,
amongst Caryophyllea, but distiuguished by the parietal placeutation of the ovary, and I)y
the terminal hilum in the seed. The specics are chiefiy maritime, and geuerally distributcd
over the teni])crate regions of the globe, uioie especially of the northcru hemisphere, less
abuudaut withiu the tropics.

1. FRANKENIA, Liun.

Characters and distributiou those of the Order.

The Australian species are ail endemic, ahhough the common one is closely allied to oue
of those most widely spread in the northeru hemisphere.

Flowers in dense tenninal hcads.

Horal leaves ovatc-lauceolate, Hat, sevcral times broader than the

lincar-terete stem-leaves \. F. hracteata.

rioral leaves linear-terete, like the stem-leaves 2. F. glomeraia.

Flowers solitary, or iu leafy termina] cymes.

Leaves distiuctly (but minutely) petiolatc on the margin of the
sheath.
Petals slightly cohering by their claws. Filameiits slightly
dilatcd and oftcn cohcring in a tube.
Leaves much longer than thcir shcath. Calyx 2 to 3 lines . 3. F pauciJJora.
Leavps scarccly louger thau their shcath. Calyx about 1 liue 4. F.parvula.
Petals quite frce. Filaments shortly and broadly diiated at the

base, frce aud narrow upwards 5. f. LrummonJ.ii.

Leaves sessile, the dorsal funow coutinucd to thc base of the sheath.

Leaves not produced bclow thcir iusertiou 6. F. tetrapetala.

Leaves produced at the base into a frce, atthough closely ap-

pressed appeudage ' . . 1. F. punctaia.

{Frankenia cymbifolia, Ilook , is Wilsonia humilis.)

1. F. bracteata, Tnrcz. in BnU. Mosc. 1854, ii. 367. Stems, from a
woody base, erect, ascending, or decumbent, 3 to 6 in. loug, ghabrous or
sliglitly pubescent. Leaves all opposite, linear-terete, 2 to 4 lines long, smooth
and shiuing, the margins so closely revokite as to conceal the hairy under-
siirface, showiug only a dorsal furrow, distinetly petiolate on the el\ge of a
broad slieath, from wliieh they early fall oif, leaving a cluster of smaUer similar
leaves arisiug from within tlie sheath. Cymes of flowers contracted into deuse

Frankeniu^ xv. fkankeniace.-e. 151

heads, the bract-like floral leaves iu whorls of 4 ahnost without sheaths, ovate-
lanceolate or nearly ovate, fiat, ciliate, and closely imbricate, so as to couoeal
the calyces. Calyx 2|- to 3 lines long. CoroUa aud stamens of i''. pancifora.
Style-branches and placentas 3. Ovules solitary to each placenta, attached
to rather long fnuicles arisiug from near the base of the ovary.
■W. Australia, Dnimmond, Coll. 18-15, «. 136.

2. F. glomerata, Tnrcz. in Bnll. jlJosc. 1854, ii. 368. An apparently
erect or ascending dichotomous shrub or undershrub of 6 to 8 in., glabrous
or uearly so. Leaves opposite aud clustered in the axils, linear-terete, 3
to 4 lines loug, the margius ciliate and closely revolute so as only to show a
dorsal furrow, aud distinctly petiolate like tliose of F. bracteala, but the sheatli
sliorter. Flowers iu dense, terminal, leafy heads like those of F. bracteata,
but the floral leaves are linear-terete like the stem oues. Calyx sleudei',
about 3 hnes long. Petals loug and liuear, slightly narrowed into loug
chiws, with a scarcely prominent longitudinal liue towards the top of the
claw. Ovary in the few flowers I examiued 1-ovulate, with a simple style,
but perhaps not coiistantly so.

V7. Australia, Drummond, hih CoU. Sitppl. n. 79.

3. P. pauciflora, BC. Prod. i. 350. Shrubby and procumbent or al-
most erect at the base, with ascending, erect, or divaricate dichotouious
branches, nearly ghibrous or hoary witli a short dowu or scaly pubescence,
ofteu very low and spreading, sometimes above a foot high, attaining eveu
3 ft. according to P. jMueller. Leaves opposite or the upper ones iu whorls
of 4, oblong or linear, obtuse or rarely abuost acute, the margins usually revo-
hite so as only to show a dorsal furrow, wheu very uarrow above 3 lines long,
but usually niuch shorter, the very short sheathing petioles ciliate on the edge,
with snialler leaves often chistered in the axils. Flowers closely sessile in
the last forks, forming a more or less dense terminal leafy cyuie aud some-
times unilaterally arranged along its branches owing to the abortiou of oue
branch of each fork. Calyx 3 to 4 hues, or rarely only 2i lines long. Petals
with their cLnws cohering iu an augular tube, the longitudinal appendage not
very prominent, the lamina obovate, eutire or crenuhite. Stamens 5 or 6,
with their filameuts shghtly dilated and risually cohering. Placentas 3 or
rarely 2, with 2 to 4 ovules to each. — Bot. Mag. t. 2896 ; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm.
i. 40; F. scabra, Lindl. in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 305.

N. Australia. Sturfs Creek, F. Mneller ; N. W. coast, Bynoe.

Queensland. Iii tlie iiiterior ou tlie Nive river, Mifchell.

N. S. Wales. Desert ou the tributaries of the Darliug aud jNIurray rivers, F. Vnelfer.

Victoria. Saliue marshes on the coast, raore conamon in saliue or saudy depressious
aloiis; the ^IuiTay river aud its tributaries, F. Mneller.

Tasmania, R. Broicn ; abuudaut on Goose Island in Bass's Straits ; found also at
Circular Hcad, Gnnn.

S. Australia. On the coast, and particularly abnndant in the saliue districts in the
northeru part of the colouy, F. Mneller aud others.

W. Australia. Conimon both oii the soulhern and western coasts, Brnmmond, Coll.
1843, n. 105, aud hth Coll. n. 77 and 78, and others ; Dirk Hartog's Island, J. Cun-
ningham.

Aii exccedingly variable species, which F. Muellcr (Pl. Vict. i. 82) unites with the com-
mon European aiid African jF. lavis, Linn. ; the latter specics, howevcr, much as it varics.

152 XV. FRANKENIACE.E. [Fraiikenia.

has always iniich stnaller aiid finer lcaves, and especially very niuch smaller flowers, and Ihe
general aspect is so diflerent, tiiat it is not to be expected that tiie proposed imion should be
generally adniitted. J'ossibly also the two foilowinp; Australian varieties of F. paucijlora
may prove sutficiently coiistant to be adniitted as species.

Var. serpyUifolia. Pubcscent or hirsute. Leaves, especially the lower ones short, from
oblong to broadly ovate, Ihe margins often much less recurvcd tlian in the typical F. panci-
fiora. — F. serpt/llifoUa, Lindl. in JNIitch. Trop. Austr. 305. — Nive rivcr, Milchell ; JNIur-
chison river, Jirunimond. Allied to tliis variety is the plant from Port Jaclvson, which De
Candolle, Prod. i. 349, referred with doubt to the F. pulteralenta, Liiiu. The speciinens
in the herbarium of tlie Paris JNluseum have niuch the aspect of the latter spccies (veiy
prostrate, with small broad flat leavcs, niore pctiolate than is usudl in F. paiicijlora), yet I
thinlv Ihey may prove to be only oue of its nunierous varieties, very uear to the serjii/lli-
foiia.

Var. thymoides. More woody, erect, and much branched, with the habit of Thymus
vnlgaris, hoar}' all over, with a minute scaly indumentum. Leaves oblong, very obtnse,
mucii revolute, 1 to nearly 2 lines long. Plovvers rather small, the appeudage of the petal-
claws very prominent. Ovules 4 to 6 to each placeuta. — Mount Gouingbear, Victorian ex-
pedition. — F.frttticulosa, DC. Prod. i. 350, appears to conuect this variety with the more
common fornis.

4. F. parvula, Turcz. hi Bidl. Mosc. 1854, ii. 368. Stems shortly
creeping, vvitli numerous ascendiiig brancliesof 1 to l^ in., glabrous or nearly
so. Leaves croAvded, oblong, obtuse, not above 1 line long, tliick, biit the
margins closely rcvolute, concealiiig the under surface and showiug only a
dorsnl furroAv, distincfly petiolate on the margin of a broad, strongly ciliate
sheath often nearly as long as the leaf, with 3 or 4 smaller leaves clustered
within the sheath. Flowers terminal, solitai-y or in little lenfy heads of 2 or
3. Calyx thickly libbed, almost ovoid, a little more than 1 line long, strougly
ciliate at the top. Petals obovate. Style 3-cleft. Ovides apparently few,
but not seen in a good state.

TV. Australia, Drummond, oth Coll. Suppl. n. 81.

.T. F. Drummondii, Benth. Stems prostrate and rooting at the nodes,
with numcrous siiort, erect branches, quite glabrous in our specinieus. Leavcs
crowded, opposite or tlie tioral ones iu fours, linear-terete, about 2 lines long,
distinctly petiolate, with a very short sheath, very red as well as the calvces
in our specimens. Flowers small and solitary. Calyx sk-uder, not 2 lines
long. Petals all free, with a rather broad claw and a very prominent ovate-
oblong scale, the himina small and obovate. Staraeus free, tlie filameuts
dilated at the base into an oval-oblong scale, filiform above. Style S-cleft.
Ovtdes 1 or 2 to cach placenta.
W. Australia, Brummond, n. 278.

6. F. tetrapetala, LahUl. Pl. Nov. Holl. i. 88, t. 114. Shrubby aud
prostrate at tlie base, rooting at the joints, with numeroiis briuiches, short
aud ascending or erect aud much branched, often attaining 4 to 6 in., gla-
brous or rainutely pubescent. Leaves crowded, but all opposite, linear-terete,
acute or obtuse, 1 to 2 or rarely 3 lines long, not petiolate, but connate at
thc base iuto a short sheath, the dorsal furrow exteuding below their uniun,
but without the appendage of F. punclala. Flowers small, iike those of
F. punctdta, o-uierous in the speciniens I have examiued, but very likely to
be occasioualiy 4-iuerous, as described by Labillardicre.

'W. Australia. King Georgc's Sound aud other poiuts of tiie S. coast, i?. Brotcn,

Fraukmia.'] xv. fkankeniack^e, 153

Bauer, Bagster ; Young lliver and Fitzoerald range, Ma.vwell ; Swau River?, Dnmmond, n.
279. Iiabillardiere's spccinieus are said to have conie troni Tasinania ; but there is vcry
likely to have been souie mistake. I have been unable to exauiiuc any tlowers froru tiiein,
bnt their habit aud loliage leave no donbt as to their specilic ideutity with tliose above
described.

Var. (?) IrachyjihyUa. Leaves, as in F.piinctata, scarcely more than 1 line long and very
obtuse, but uot prodnced at the base. Drummond, hth Coll. Suppl. n. 80.

7. F. punctata, Tnrcz. iu Ball. Mosc. 1854, ii. 367. Shrubbv ancl
yirocuinbeut at tlie base, witli numerous shortly ascending branches, glabrous
or minutely pubescent. Leaves crowded, but all opposite, oblong or shortly
linear, obtuse, 1 to l^ lines long, not petiohtte, but counate near the base,
and prodnced below tlieir iusertion into a sliort obtuse appendage, closely
pressed against the stem although free from it. Flowers small, on very short,
ieafy, hiteral shoots. Calyx cylindrical, scarcely 2 lines long. Petal-claws
free or scai'cely cohering.

W. Australia, Drummond, Coll. 1845, n. 137.

Order xvi. CARYOPHYLLE^.

riowers regular, usually hermaphrodite. Sepals 4 or 5, persistent, free or
united in a tootlied calyx, imbricate in the bud. Petals either as many as
the sepals hypogynous or sliglitly perigynous, entire or lobed, imbricate and
frequently contorted in the bud, or rarely minute and scale-like or none.
Stamens 8, 10, or fewer, inserted with the petals. Pilameuts filiform.
Anthers 2-ceIIed. Torus sraall or in a few Silme<p. lengthened into a
gynophore, or in some Ahinece forming a small disk, shortly adnate to the base
of the calyx, or short glands between the stamens. Ovary free, 1-celIed or
partially divided especially at the base into 2 to 5 cells. Styles 2 to 5, linear
and stigmatic along the inside from the base or towards the top, free or more
or less united into 1 branchiug style. Ovules 2 or more, ofteii numerous,
attached to a short or columnar placenta in the centre of the ovary,
amphitropous and usually cin'ved. Capsule niembranous or crustaceous, very
rarely succulent, openiug at the top in as inany or twice as many teeth
or valves as there are styles, very rarely indehiscent. Seeds several, rarely
solitary by abortion, with a membranous or crustaceous testa. Albumen
mealy. Einbryo cin'ved round the alburaen, or rarely straight or nearly so,
and excentrical, with the radical inferior, or, when the einbryo is circular,
turned upwards. — Herbs, veiy rarely shrubby at tlie base, usually thickened
aiid jointed at the nodes. Leaves opposite and entire, usually connected by
a transverse line or short sheath at tlie base. Stipules none, or small and
scarious. Intiorescence centrifugal, usually foraiing a terminal leafy cyme,
rarely paiiiculate or racemose, or the pedicels all axillary.

A large Order, especially abundaut in thc extratropical regions of the northeni henii-
sphere, rather less so in the high niouiitaiu-ranges of tropical Anierica and Asia, and in the
more teniperate regions of the sonthcrn hemisphere, very rare in liot tropical couutries. Of
the Anstraliau genera uone are endemic. One, Polijcarptra, is chiefly tropical aiid aliuost
limited to the Old World ; anoflier, Drymaria, is also chiefly tropical, bnt alinost entirely
American ; a third, Culobanthiis, is chiedy extratropical aud liiuitcd to the southcrn hinii-
sphere ; a fourth, Stellaria, has alraost as wide a raugc as Ihe Order itself ; ihe remaiuing

154 XVI. CARYOPHYLLE^.

gencra and species, whefher iudigenous or introduccd, are all European or East-Mediter-
ranean.

Tribe I. Silenese. — Sepals united in a 4- or ^-toothed cahjx. Petals and stamens

hyiwgynoiis, often raised on a stalk-like torus. Styles distinct from the base. Stipules 0.
Calyx many-ncrved, with 2 or niore bracts at the base. Styles 2.

Sccds ilat. Euibryo stniisibt Dianthus (p. 15G).

Calyx broadly or obs.carely 5-uervcd. Styles 2 1. Gypsophila.

Calyx 10-ncrved. Styles*3 2. Silfne.

Calyx 10-uerved. Styles 5 Lychnis (p. 156;.

Tribe II. Alsinese. — Sepals free or only united by the disk at their base. Fetats
and stumens hypoyynous or slightly perigynous, the torus not elongated. Styles distinct
from the base. Stijmles 0, or rarely small and scarious.
Petals usually 2-clelt.

Capsule cyliiidrical or conical, opening equally in twice as many

teeth as styles. Styles 5, opposite the sepals, or rarely 4 or 3 . 3. Cerastium.
Capsule globular or ovoid, openiug in as mauy 2-cleft valves as

stylcs. Styles 3, or if 5, alternate with the sepals .... 4. Stellaria.
Petals entire or uone.

Sepals 5. Styles usually 3. Capsule globular or ovoid.
No stipules.

. Petals white, entire Arenaria (p. 159).

Petals none 4. Stellaria.

Stipules small and scarions. Petals piuk 7- Spergulakia.

Sepals, styles, aud capsular valves 4 or 5.
No stij)ules. Lcaves opposite.

Stameus tvvice as many as sepals, or if of the same nuniber,

opposite to thcm 5. Sagina.

Stamens of the same niimber as the sepals aud altcrruite

with them 6. Colobanthus.

Stipules small and scarious. Leaves clustered so as to appear

verticillate Spergula (p. 161).

Tribe III. Polycarpese. — Sepals of Alsinese. Petals usually very small or vone.
Stamens 5 or fewer, hypogynous or stightly perigynous. Style single at the base, with 3
or 2 branches or rninute teeth. Stipules scarious or very mitiute.

Pctals lobed. Style very short. Stipules minute 8. Drvmaria.

Pctals eutire. Style short. Stipulcs scarious 9. Polycarpon.

Petals eutire or notched. Style elougated. Stipules aud scpals

scarious 10. Polycarpjja.

Trtbe I. SiLENEiE. — Sepals iinitcd in a 4- or 5-toothecl calyx. Petalsancl
staniens hypogynous, ofteu raised on a stalk-like torus. Styles distinct froni
the base. Stipules uone.

1. GYPSOPHILA, Liuu.

Calyx canipanulate or turbinate-tubular, 5-toothed or 5-lobed, broadly
5-uerved, meuibranous betweeu the iiervcs. Petals 5, with a narrow claw,
and without any scale. Torus sinall. Stanieus 10. Styles usually 3.
Capsule glol)ular or ovoid, opening to the iniddle or lower dowu in 4 valves.
Seeds nearly reuiforin ; endjryo eurved round the albunieu. — llerbs, raostly
glaueous, sometiiues ghiudular or hirsiite. Fiowers usually sniall, uumerous,
and ])auiculate, or solilary iu the forks of the stem.

Gljpsvijllila.'] XVI. CAKYOPUYLLE.E. 155

A genus limited to tlie extratropical regions of the northern hemisphere in the Okl \Voi'ld
wilh tlic exccjitiou of the foUowiug species. It is chiefly distinguished from Scqwnuria by
the calyx.

1. G. tubulosa, Boiss. Diagn. Pl. Or. i. 11. A slender erect dichoto-
iiioas aiiniial, ofteti not above 2 or 3 in., but sometimes 8 to 10 in. liigh, niore
or less viscid-pubesoent, and often slightly hirsute. Leaves liuear-subulate,
rarely attaining ^ in., and often much shorter. Pedicels in the forks, or
souielimes appearing axillary from 1 branch only being developed, 4 to 8 lines
long, erect or spreading. Calyx erect, l^ lines long, narrower than in niost
Gi/psophilas, with 5 promineut nerves, the teeth short and obtuse. Petals
red, narrow-oblong, a little longer than the calyx. Capsule ovoid-oblong,
rather exceeding the calyx. Seeds black, elegantly pitted under a leus. — F.
Muell. Pl. Yict. i. 206 ; Dichoglottis tubulosa, Jaub. aud Spach, 111. Pl. Or. i.
1-4 ^. G ; D. australis, Schlecht. Linnaea, xx. 631.

N. S. Wales. Cook's River and Ncpean river, R. Broim; Cox's River, A. Cun-
nitn/ham.

Victoria. Saudy localities, by no means rare, F. Mueller.

Tasmania. (i^. MueUer, 1. c.) I have seen no speciinens from the islaud.

S. Australia. lu saudy localities, near Bethauie, Behr.

"W. Australia, Pruii/mond, n. 93.

A native of the East iMediterranean regiou of Europe aud .\sia, possibly iutroduced iuto
Australia and New Zeahmd, where it is also fouud ; yet from the localities where it was so
early coUected by R. Brown, aud its geueral ditfusiou over extratropical Australia, it is ditii-
cuU to conceive how a phmt uukuown in tbose paits of Europe whence the early colouists
proceeded should have so promptiy established ilself. It is allied to the uiore commou
G. muralis, which, hovvever, has not beeu detccted in Australia, and is always quite distiuct,
especially in the form of the calyx, which is that of a true Gi/psop/iila, whilst G. tubuiosa
is in thisj.-espect almost intermediate betweeu that geuus and ^aponaria.

2. SILENE, Linn.

Calyx 10-nerved, rarely many-neiTed, 5-toothed or 5-lobed. Petals 5,
with a narrow claw, and usually with a double scale. Stamens 10. Torus
usuaUy elongated. Styles usiudly 3. Capside opcning iu 6 or rarely 3 teeth
or short vaives. Seeds laterally attached ; emljryo curved round the albu-
men. — Herbs. Flowers solitary or cymose, often forming unilateral spikes
or an oblong thyrsus or panicle.

.\ very large genus, chietly abundant in Europe, N. Africa, and temperate Asia, with a
few N. Araericaa and S. African species, and ouly introduced into Australia.

*1. S. gallica, Linn. ; DC. Prod. i. 371. A hairy, slightly viscid,
much brauclied annual, 6 in. to uearly 1 ft. high, erect or decumbeut at the
base. Lower leaves small and obovate, upper ones narrow and pointed.
Flowers small, nearly sessile, generally all turned to oue side, forniing a
siraple or forked terrainal spike, with a linear bract at the base of each
flower. Calyx very hairy, «ith 5 slender teeth, at lirst tubidar, afterwards
ovoid and much coutracted at the top. Petals very small, entire or notched,
pale red or Avhite, or iii one variety with a dark spot. — S. anglicn, Insitanica,
ccrastoides and qninquevutnera, Linn.; Keichb. Ic. Fl. Germ. vi. t. 272, 273.

A plant probably of South European origin, now common in sandy, gravelly, and waste
places, especially near the sea, iu raost parts of the world, and established ia several Austra-

156 XVI. CARYOPUYLLE.E. [Sile/ie.

liau coloiiies, especially about Swan Kiver, from wlience it is so frequently sent with in-
digenous plants, that it cannot be omitted from the Australian Flora.

Bianllins harhalus, Linn. ; DC. Prod. i. 355, the European Sweei-Willinm, and D.
Armeria, Linn., DC. 1. c, a conimon European species, are in F. Mueller's Herbarium as iu-
troduccd plants, thc latter as having been louud on the stony crests of the ridges on Darcbiu
Creek.

Li/ck)iis Githago, Lam. ; DC. Prod. i. 387, the Corn Cockle, a common cornfield wecd,
probably of East Mediterranean origin, has beeu introduced with European corn into some
of the .4ustralian colonics, as iu maiiy other countries. It is a tall, erect aunual, clothcd
with long vvhitish ai)pressed hairs. Leaves long and narrow. Flowers on long leatless
ppduiicies, rather large and red, remarkable for the long green linear lobcs of the calyx pro-
jecting niuch beyond the petals : the latter are broad, uudivided, wilhout scales. Stamens
10. Styles 5. Capsule openiog iu 5 teeth.

Lychnis Cwli-rosa, Dur. ; DC. Prod. i. 386, is also in E. Mueller's Herbarium as ar. in-
troduced plaut at Shipton.

Tribe II. Alsine.e. — Sepals free, or only united by tbe disk at tbeir
base. Petals and stamens bypogynoiis or sligbtly perigynous, tbe torus not
elongated. Styles distiiict from tbe base.

3. CERASTIUM, Liim.

Sepals 5, rarelv 4. Petals as many, usually notobed or 2-cleft. Stameiis
10 or fewer. Styles 5 or 4, opposite tbe sepals, or rarely 3. Capsule
cybndrical or conical, often incm'ved, opening at tbe top in twice as niany
teetb as styles, all equab Seeds more or less reniform. — Herbs, usually
pubescent or birsute. Leaves rarely subulate. Cymes terminal, dicbotomous,
leafy, or tbe floral leaves reduced to small or scarious bracts. Seeds usually
pitted or rauricate.

A considerable genus, distributed chicfly over the teniperate rcgions of the northern hemi-
sjjhcre, more espccially in the Old World, rare within the tropics cxcept in mouutaiu
regions. The Austialian species is not endemic and perhaps introduced only.

1. C. vulgatum, Linu.; DC. Prod. i. 415. A coarsely pubescent
usnally more or less viscid annual, brancbiiig at tlie base, sometiines dwarf,
erect, and mucli branched, at otbers loosely ascending to 1 foot oreven 2 ftet,
occasioiiaby forining at tbe end of tbe season dense matted tufts, wbicb niay
live tbrongb tbe winter, and give it tbe appearance of a perennial. Kadical
b'aves small aiul petiolate ; stem leaves sessile, from broadly ovate to narrow
obkiiig. Sepals 2 to 2| lines long, green and pubescent, bnt witb more or
lcss conspicnous scarious margins. Petals seldom exceecUng tbe calyx, and
often raucb shorter, sometimes very rainute, or even none. Stamens ofteu
reduced to 5 or fewer. Capsule cylindrical, often curved and projecting
bevoud the calvx. — Reicbb. lc. Fl. Germ. v. t. 228, 229 ; C. viscosiun, Linn.;
DC. 1.0.416. '

Qaeensland. Near Brisbane, Hoine.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson and Paramatta, but in the foriner casc iutroduced,
R. Broiin , ('hiicncc rivcr, Beckler ; Twofold Bay, F. Mueller.

Victoria. Coiiiinou about Melbounie, also ou the Murray, F. Mueller ; AVimmera
rivcr, Dnllachi/.

Tasmania. ^Videly ditTused even iu almost inaccessible places, as among rocks on the
North Ksk river, Gunu, J. D. Hooker.

S. Australia. In good soils, Behr.

Cemsti/m.] xvi. CARyoPHYLLE^:. 157

TV. Australia. Common abovit Swau Kiver, Drummond, \st ColL, 'ind Coll. n. 698,
Co//. 1848, n. 107.

Excecdingly common in the tcmperate regions of the Tiorthern hemisphere and novv
naturalizeJ in many parts of the globe. lu Australia also it is evidently introduced in many
localities, but probably also indigenous. Brown, in 1802, distiuguished as such his Para-
malta specimens from the evideutly iutroduccd oncs of Port Jacksou, and Gunn found it
abundant in Tasmania iu localities where it was ditticult to belleve it to be a foreigu impor-
talion. The Australian varieties are some of those most comuion in Europe ; the \ar.
g/omeratnm, DC. 1. c, with broad orbicular leavcs and compact infloresceuce, most abundaut
in Victoi'ia and Tasmauia, and the var. viscosum, with oblong or uarrovv leaves and loose
elongated cymes, in N. S. Wales and W. Australia ; but very many specimens are quite
intermediate. The smaller forms, with 4-merous flowers or 5 or fevver stamens, are not
among the Australian specimens I have seen.

4. STELLARIA, Linn.

Sepals 5, rarely 4. Petals as many, usually 2-cleft, rarely wanting;.
Stameus 10 or fewer. Styles 3, rarely 2 or 4, or very rarely 5, and tlien
alternate with the sepals. Capsule globular, ovoid or obloiig, opening to
below the middle in twice as many valves as styles. or in an equal number of
2-cleft valves. — Herbs usually diffuse, tufted or ascending, glabrous or
pubescent. Leaves rarely subulate. Flowers solitary, or in loose leatless or
leafy cymes. Seeds usually pitted or muricate.

A cousiderable genus, spread over nearly the whole globe, although within the tropics
coufined to mountaiu districts. Of tlie 5 Australian species 3 are eudemic, oue, B. y/auca,
although truly indigenous, is identical with a European species, the flfth, S. media, is an in-
troduced weed.

Petals longer than or nearly as long as the sepals.

Leaves mostly sessile, liuear or lanceolate. Pedicels axillary. Pcren-
nials.
Leaves rigid and pungeut, mostly linear-lauceolate, ofteu recurved . 1. S. punf/ens.

Leaves liuear, sleuder . . . . ■ 2. 5. glauca.

Leaves mostly petiolate, ovate or ovate-lanceolate. Pedicels axillary.

Pereunial without auy pubescent liue 3. S.faccida.

Leaves sessile or petiolate, broadly ovate. Pedicels in the forks.

Annual, with a pubesceut liue down each internode A. S. media.

Petals none. Anuuai, with small sessile leaves 5. S. multiflora.

1. S. pungens, Brongn. Voy. Coq. t. 78. Perennial and very much
branched, decumbent or ascending amongst bushes, often to -3 or 4 ft., with
anguhir branches, sraooth and shiuing, glabrous, or hirsute with loose
scattered hairs. Leaves lanceolate to linear, rigid aud pungent, mostly 3
to 4 lines long, and never exceeding \ in., often spreading or recurved, all
sessile or scarcely narrowed at tlie base, the lower ones sometimes smaU and
crowded. Pedicels axillary, very variable in length, but usually considerably
exceeding the leaves. Sepals rigid, pungent, about 3 lines long, the outer
ones prominentlv 3-nerved. Petals about as long or rather longer, deeply
cleft.— Hook. f.'Pl. Tasm. i. 44. ; F. MuelL Pl. Vict. i. 209 ; S. sqiiarrosa,
llook. Journ. Bot. i. 250.

N. S. Wales. Bhie ilouutains and adjoining districts, .4. C«««/wy/i«w; New Eng-
land, C. >'<tuart. .

Victoria. Rocky, stouy, or sandy places, not unfrequent througliout the greater pait
of tlie colony, ascending to the Australian Alps, but not extending iuto the desert, F.
Muel/er.

158 XVI. CAKYOPHYLLE-E. [Stellaria.

Tasmania. Port Dalrymple, R. Brown ; comrnon in rich anJ poor, moist and dry
soils, ,/. D. Hooher.

2. S. glauca, JritJi.; J)C. Prod. i. 397. — Perennial, usually glabrous,
sniooth, aud sliining, with slender ascending or erect branclies, often 1 to
2 ft. high, biit soraetimes low and intricate. Leaves linear, acute, -1 to
l^ in. long, or the upper ones short. Pedioels axillarv or terminal, slender
but rigid, longer than the leaves. Sepals very acute, 3-nerved, about 3 lines
long when in flower. Petals about as long, or rather longer, deeply cleft.
Capsule ovate, niuch shorter than tlie calyx, which usuallv lengthens after
flowering.— Eeichb. Ic. Fl. Germ. v. t. 223 ; Hook. f. Pl. Tasm^. i. 44. F.
Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 210; S. angndifolia, Hook. Journ. Bot. i. 250.

Queensland. Plains of the Condatnine river, Leichhardt.

N. S. 'V^Tales. Marshy places, Longmeadow, etc., U. Brown ; Lachlan river, A. Cun-
ningham.

Victoria. Moist, rocky, grassy, or sandy loealities, scattered over a considerable extent
of thc colony, F. Mueller.

Tasmania. Marshes in various localities, /. D. Hooker.

S. Australia. Exteuding to St. Vincenfs Gulf, F. Mueller.

Var. CiPspiiosa, Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 44. Stems short aud very intricate, or deusely
tufted. Leaves lanccolate-linear. Scpals short and more obtuse. — S. ccEspitosa, Hook.
f. iu Hook. Journ. Bot. ii. 411. '^Tasmania, Gv.nn ; and on the Murray iu \'ictoria, F.
Miieller. The specimeus show a very gradual pnssage frcm this form to the elougated one,
in tlie leaves as well as in the sepals. A similar gradatiou takes place iu the N. Auiericaa
C. loriffipes, an alhed species, yet, to my eyes, always distiuct in iuliorescejice as well as in
foiiage.

Var. (?) leptoclada. Annual or, at any rate, flowering the first year, with slender, ascend-
iug, erect stems of 5 to 6 in., much brauclied at the base. Pedicels slender. Flowers
small, as in the last variety, but the sepals more acute. — New England, C. Stuart.

\'ar. (?) tenella. Tufted and iutricately branched, like the var. ceesjjitosa, but smaller and
mui h niore slender, with crowded, very small lcaves ; one spccimeu, vvith some branclies
ehMmated, with narrow-liuear leaves. Flowers few, small. Sepals ralher obtuse.

Victoria. Near Melbourne, Adamsnn ; Gleuelg river, Rohertson.

Tasmania. Derwent river aud Kitfs Group in Bass's Straits, R. Brown ; granite
roeks in St. Patrick's river, Gunn.

The S. glav.ca is generally difFused over Europe and temperate Asia, and the Australian
form, in its elongated state, eannot at all be distinguished from many Euro])pan specimeiiS
grown in similar localitics. The northcru plant has, however, more frequcutly iarger pelals,
and has souietimes a teudency to assnme a pauiculale iufloresccnee, wilh the floral leaves
reduced to small bracts, approaching that of S. graminea ; the Australian plaut, ou the
con.rary, teuds rathcr, in its extreme varieties, towards tiie intricate stems aud habit of
S. jmngens.

3. S. flaccida, Hook. Comp. Bot. Mac/. i. 275. Apparently perennial, with
wcak aiul decumbent very iutricate branches, often extending to several feet,
ghibrous aud shining, or with loose s[)reading scattered hairs especially about
tlu; nodes. Leaves ovate to lanceohite, very acute, thin and flaccid, ofteu un-
dulate on the margin, narrowed and ciliateat the base, rarely exceeding \ in.
without the petiole, which is long in the lower leaves, short or noue in the
upper ones. Pedicels all axillary, and usually 1 to 1| in. long. Sepals 2 to
2^ lines long, broadly Lanceohite, acute, with a scarious border, usually 3-
uerved, but the lateral nerves often vcry faiiit, often ciliate. Petals rather

onger, deeply cleft. Capsule ovoid, usuallv exceeding the calvx. — S. vtedia,
var., Hook. f. Y\. Tasm. i. 43 ; F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 211.

Slellaria.'] xvi. caryophylle^. 159

W. S. Wales. Shoal Spit Reach, R. Brown ; Hastings river, Bfckhr.

Victoria. Sliady hmniJ places, forest laiids, and gravelly banks of rivers, from the
lovvlands to the hijihest Alps, F.Mueller.

Tasmania. Dense thickets and shady places, /. J). Ilooker ; Port Dah-ymple, R.
Brown.

I caiinot agree in considering this a variety of S. media. Besides the differeuce in habit,
iu the shape of the leaves and sepals, and iu the inflorescence, the hairs, when present, are
long cilia on the edges and uerves of Ihe leaves aud sepals, or on the angles of the branches,
without any trace of the imilateral puhescence between two angles so constaut iu 5. media.

*4. S. media, Linn. DC. Prod. i. 396. A weak, mucli-branched annual,
glabrous with the exception of a pubescent line down one side of each inter-
node, and a few long hairs on the petioles, and sometimes on the sepals.
Leaves ovate, shortly poiiited, the lowest on long petioles, short and broad,
and soraetimes cordate, the upper ones on shorter petioles or quite sessile, |
to f in. long, thin and tlaccid. Pedicels slender, often drooping, in the forks
of the branches, the upper ones usnallv foriniiig a rather dense leafy cyme,
very rarely one of tlie lowest axillary from the abortion of one fork. Sepals
about 2 lines long, obtuse or rarely rather acute, thin but green, with scarcely
prominent nerves, and usually pubescent. Petals about as long, deeply cleft.
Capsule scarcely longer than the calyx. — Eeichb. Ic. Pl. Germ. v. t. 222.

Originating, probably, in the temperate regions of the northeru hemisphere in the Old
Worhl, this plant is now a eommon weed in cultivated places, especially gardens, as well as
iu waste places, ahnost all over the globe, and as such is fouud iu most of the Australian
colonies, especially Victoria, F. Mueller, and W. Australia, about Svvau River, Drummond,
n. 244..

5. S. multiflora, Hooh. iu Comp. Bot. Mag. i. 275. A slender, ghibrous,
branching annual, with decuinbent or erect stems, nsually under 6 in. Leaves
sessile, or the lowest petiohite, mostly lanceolate, 2 to 3, or rarely 4 lines long,
tlie upper ones very small. Pedicels axillary, sometimes all shorter than the
calyx, in other specimens all fdiforin but rigid, 3 to 6 lines long. Sepals
lanceohite, veiy acute, about 2 lines long, 3-nerved or strongly 1-nerved.
Petals none. Stamens short, those alternating with the sepais often rudi-
mentary or wanting. Capsule as long as or lonaer than the sepals. Seeds
tubercidate.— Hook. f. Pl. Tasm. i. 43 ; P. MueU. Pl. Vict. i. 212.

Victoria. Sandy, grassy, aud rocky localities, not uncommon as well in the lovvlauds
as in the mountain regions, ascending to the Alps, F. Mueller.

Tasmauia. On grassy dry pastures and rocks, etc, commou, J. D. Hooker.

S. Australia. Distributed over the southern and eastern parts of the colony, F.
Mueller. Kemarkably luxuriaut specimeus from Rivoli Bay cousiderably exceed 5 ft. ia
lenglh.

"^Kt. Australia, Drnmmond, n. 695.

Arenaria serpi/llifolia, Liun. ; DC. Prod. i. 411. A very ranch branched, sleuder, and
sligiitly pubescent anuual, seldom attaiuiug 6 in. Leaves very small, ovate, aud poiuted.
Pedicels from the upper axils or forks, 2 to 3 liues loug, and sleuder. Sepals .5, acute,
ahont 14 lines loug. Petals usually much shorter, white, obovate, eutire. Staniens 10.
Styies 3. Capsule short, opeuing in 6 narrow valves.

Commou iu Europe aud temperate Asia, on walls and muddy, stouy, or waste places,
and uow aluiost natm'alized in several of the Australian colouies.

5. SAGIlSrA, Linn.
Sepals 4 or 5. Petals as many, entire or scarcely notched, or none. Sta-

100 XVI. CARYOPHYLLE.f;. [Sagina.

nicns 8, 10, or fewrr. Styles as many as sepals, and alternate with theni.
Capsule opening to the base into as many valves as styles, alternating with
the sepals. — Sniall matted or tnfted herbs, -with subulate leaves and small
flowers, usually borne on h)ng ])edicels.

A small genus, dispersed over tlie temperate or cooler regionsof the northern hemisphere,
the co-iimonest species also abuudant iu the southeru hemisphere.

1. S. procumbens, Lhm. BC. Frod. i. 389. A minute aimual or rarely
pereiuiial, 1 to 2 in. or rarely 3 in. high, usually branching froin the base and
decumbent, forming little spreading tufts, ghabrous or very minutely pubes-
cent. Leaves small and subulate, joined by a short scarious sheath, the radi-
cal ones longer and tufted. Flowers very sraall, on capiUary peduncles longer
than the leaves. Sepals 4, about 1 line long. Petals much shorter, often
wanting. Valves of tlie capsule as long as the sepals or rather longer. AU
these parts usually in fours, but occasionally met with in fives. — Keichb. Ic.
Fl. Germ. t. 206 • F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 208 ; S. apetala, Linn. ; DC. 1. c. ;
lu-ichb. 1. c. t. 200.

Victoria. IMorasses and niossy valleys between Mouut Seviter and Limestone river, at
an elevation of 4000 feet (the perennial form) ; the common aunual form abuudant about
Melbourne, Port Phillip, etc, F. Mueller.

S. Australia. St. Viucent's Gulf, lofty ranges, etc, F. MneUer.

Very abundaut, in a great variety of situations, over the whole range of the geuus.

6. COLOBANTHUS, Bartl.

Sepals 4 or 5 . Petals none. Stamens as many as sepals and alternating
with them, slightly perigynous. Styles as many as sepals and opposite to
thein. Capsule opening in as many valves as sepals, and opposite to them. —
SiviiiU tufted herbs, glabrous and often somewhat fleshy. Leaves narrow, or
short and imbricate. Plowers solitary.

A sraall genus, spread over the mountainous or antarctic regions of South America, Aus-
tralia, and New Zealand. Both the Australian spccies are commou to New Zealand and
Antarctic Amcrica. The genus has been refcrred by Fenzl to Purtidacece, ou account of
tlic position of the stamcns ; but all othcr charactcrs are much more those of CaryophyUea.

Lcaves short and spreading. Flowers ncarly sessile \. C. subulatits.

Leaves erect or elongated. Pedicels much longer than the caly.x . . . 2. C. BiUardieri.

1. C. subulatus, Hook. f. Fl. Aut. i. 13, t. 93, and ii. t. 47. Stems
short, witli erowded h-aves, forming dense moss-like tufts often covering a
rousiderable spaee of ground. Leaves liuear, concave and strongly keehnl,
v.ith a tine ahnost pungent point, 2 or rarely 3 lines long, rigid and spreading.
Flowcrs almost sessile within the tufts of leaves, and not exceeding them.
Sepals 5, about l^ lines long, lanceolate, acute and rigid. Cajjside nearly as
long as the Qn\yy..-—Sper(jula mhulnta, Durv. Fl. Malouin. 51, not of Swartz ;
Colobantlins Benthamianus, Feuzl, in Ann. Mus. Vind. i. 49 (the plate quoted
from Endl. Atakt. never published) ; C. pidvinatus, F. Muell. in Trans. Phil.
Soc. Vict. i. 201, and Ph Vict. i. 213, t. 11.

Victoria. Bare gravelly summits of the IMunyang mountains, buried the greater part
of the ycar nnder snow, uot occnrring below GOOO ft., /''. Miieller.

The species is also fouud in Ncw Zealand and iu Autarctic America. The New Zealand
specimens, and some of those from Campbeirs Island, are preciscly like the Australian

ColobantJms.'] xvi. CARYOPnYLLEJi:. 161

ones; others have more elongated stenis, aiid less rigid leaves ; and the Herrait I-^land
specimens have always 4-merous flowers ; whiist iu all others they are usually. if uot alwavs
5-nierous. •' '

2. C. Billardieri, Fenzl, in Ann. Mus. Tlnd. i. 49. A small, densely
tufted, almost stemless perenninl. Leaves in closely crowded tiifts, liiiear-subu-
late, sometimes very i-igid and not \ in. long, niore frequently 1 in. long or
more, somcwhat flaccid, 1 line broad and sheathing at the base, and attenuated
nito a loiig point, sometimes filiform and grass-like, J to 1 in. long. Peduncles
l-flowered from the centre of the leaf-tufts, shorter or longer than the leaves,
but always longer thnn the calyx, slightly thickened under the flower. Sepals 5,'
broadly hinceolate, very finely pointed, about 2 lines long. Capsule from olo-'
bular to ovoid, shorter or longer than the calvx. — Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 45 •
F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 212; Spergula 0;;^ ;*«/«, " Labill. PI. Nov. Holl. i. II2'
t. 142; DC. Prod. i. 39.5 ; Sper(jula affinis, Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 26G ; Coloban-
thus offinis, Hook. f. in Hook. Journ. Bot. ii. 410, and Fl. Tasm. i. 45.
Victoria. Rocky hills near Warnanibool, Hannaford.

Tasmania, Labi/lardihe ; Kenfs Group, Bass's'Straits, R. Brown ; northeru and ceu-
tral parts of the islaud, alpine districts of the Hampshire hilis, and Frauklvn river / D
Hoaker ; Southport, C. -SVaffrA ' • • ■

Two forms have been dcscribed, biit they pass verv mnch one into the other the dif-
fereuces in the form of the capsules not corresponding with the variations iu the leaves
ihe species occurs also iu New Zealaud aud iu Campbeirs Islaud.

Spergula arvensis, Liun. ; DC. Prod. i. 394. A slender annual, branchincr at the base
into several erect or ascending stems, 6 in. to 1 ft. high, glabrous or sli-htly pubescent
Leaycs almost subulate, I to 2 iu. long, in opposite clusters aiid spreading so as to appear
verticillate. Stipules scarious, very minute, soinetimes very diffieult to see. Flowers small
white, on long pedicels, iu terminal forked cyines. Sepals 5. Petals 5, undivided o-ene-
rally rather shorter than the calyx. Stamens 10, or oecasionallv 5 or fewer. Styfes 5
alternate with the scpals. Capsule deeply 5-valved. Seeds slightly tlattened, with or with-
out a scarious border.

Comnion iu Europe and temperate Asia in cnltivated and waste places, and now dispersed
over various parts of the world as a corufield weed, and iutroduced as such iuto the Austm-
liau colouies, especially Swan River, Drummond.

7. SPERGULARIA, Pers.

(Lepigonum, Fries.)
Sepals 5. Petals 5, entire or rarely 0. Stamens 10 or fewer. Styles 3.
Capsule 3-vaIved. — Hcrbs nsually diffuse. Leaves linear or filiform,' often
clustered in the axils so as to appear verticillate. Stipules small, scaiious.
Flowers pedicellate, pink or white, in the forks of the stem or in terminal
cymes or one-sided racemes. Seeds with or without a scarious border.

A small genus, wideiy dispersed over the temperate or snbtropical regions of the globe,
chiefly in maritime or saliue localities, or heatliy places, differing from Jrenaria almost
solely in the prcseuce of stipules. The Australian species is the same as the common
northern one.

1. S. rubra, Pe7-s. Syn. i. 504 (as a subgenus of Arenaria). An
annual, biennial or rarely perennial, glabrous or with a short viscid pubescence
inthenpper parts, with numerous stems branching from the base and formino'
spreading or prostrate tufts o or 4 in., or Avhen luxuriant 6 in. long. Leaves
narrow-Iinear, the scarious stipules at the base short but conspicuou'=!

VOL. I. jt

162 XVI. CARYOPHYLLEiE. [Sperffularia.

Flowcrs verv vanable in sizc, usually pink, on sliort pedicels, in forked cymes,
nsually leafv at tlie base. Petals sliorter, or ratlier longer tlian tlie sepals.
Sceds more or less tlattened, oftcn surrounded bv a narrow scarious border or
wing.— A. Gray, Gen. 111. t. 108 ; Hook. f. FL Tasm. i. 41 ; F. Muell. Pl.
Vict. i. 207 ; Arenaria ruhra and J. vitdia, Linn.; DC. Prod. i. 401 ;
Jjcpujonnm rubrnm, etc, Fries, Nov. Fl. Suec. Mant. iii. 32 ; L. brevifolium,
Bartl. in Pl. Preiss. i. 24.3 ; L. anceps and L. laxifiorum, Bartl. 1. c. 244 (of
these last I liave only seen authentic spccimens of L. ancf.ps) ; Spergularia
rupestris, Fenzl, in Hueg. Enum. 9 ; Schlecht. in Linnaea, xx. 632.

N. S. TVales. Argyle county and Field's Plains, A. and R. Cunningham ; New
Eiiglaiid, C. Sluart ; Darling river, Victorian E.rpedition.

Victoria. Coast nieadows and subsaline tracts of the interior, on claycy and sandy
soil, iiot uiifrequeut, ascendins occasionally iuto niountaiuous tracts, F. Muefler.

Tasmania. Abuudant on tbe seacoast, /. D. Ilooker.

S. Australia. Near Adelaide, St. Viuceufs Gulf, efc, F. MueJler.

W. Australia, Brummond, \st CulL, hlh Coll. n. 201 and 243, Freus, n. 1944,
Oldjield, aud others.

^Videly spread over Europe, tcmperate Asia, and North America, and some parts of South
America, chiefly in maritime countries or in sandy heathy placcs more inlaud. There are
two, often rather marked varietics, one chiefly occurriug inhiud has sk'iidcr leavcs, small
flowcrs, and short capsules, with the seeds less frequcntly bordered than iii the harger variety,
which has a sometimes perennial stock, thicker somewhat fleshy leaves, and larger fiowcrs.
Both forins occur in Australia and pass iiito each other as they do iu Europe, the larger and
more succulent ones are, however, the most commou iu Australia.

Tribe 3. PoLYCARPE.B. — Sepals free, or only united by the disk at their
base. Petals usually very small, thin and ahnost transparcnt or none, occa-
sionally united with the stamens at the base. Stamens 5 or fewer, hypogy-
nous or slightly perigynous. Style single, at least at the base, with 3 or 2
branches or minute teeth.

8. DRYMARIA, Willd.

Sepals 5, herbaceous or scarious on the edge. Petals 5, 2- to 6-clcft. Sta-
mens 5 or fewer, slightly perigynons. Style 3-cleft. Capsule 3-valved.
Sceds latevally attached ; embryo curved round the albumen. — Herbs usually
diffuse, rarely erect, with dichotomous branches. Leaves fiat, broad or nar-
row. Stipules very small, somctimes vcry fugacious or wanting. Flowers
pcdiccllate, usually small, either solitary in the forks, or in little axillary or
terminal cymes. Petals usually shorter than the calyx.

The genus compriscs a cousiderable number of American species, one of which is also
widely spread ovcr the tropical rcgions of Asia and Africa. The Australian species is en-
demic, aud the oiily oiie which is not American.

1. D. filifonuis, Benth. A glabrous annual, very much branched at
the base, with crcct dichotomous very slender shining stcms 6 to 8 in. high.
Lcaves cliiefly crowded in a dense tuft at the base of the stera, narrow-linear,
alinost fiHform, niany of them above 1 iu. long, the upper leaves few and sniall,
soonpassing intominute bracts. Stipules none. Pedicels in the forks, tiliform,
about \ in. long. Sepals about 1 line long, narrow and acute, green, shortly
connate at the base. Petals about one-third as long as the calyx, dcej^ly di-
vidcd into 2 naiTow lobcs, very thin aud transiiarent, and oftcn very ditiicult
to find. Ovary oblong, with an cxceedingly short style, dividcd into 3 short

Drpnaria.] xvi. caryophylle.?:. 163

l^o' hviVe 'n?!;; '^'^'^'"'';l'' ^'T'^'"'- •^''^P^"'^ eylindncal, from half as long again
that nmnbei ^^' '' '^^ ^''' 'P'""'^ "^ ' ''^'''^ ^^"^'^ ^<^«" ^l^^^^ ^"to twice
W, Australia, Bn/mmond, w. 694

9. POLYCARPON, Linn.

StSS 3' t^o t"^' Tn "'] '^': f7S"^. Petals 5, smal], entire ov notched.
btaraens 3 to 5. Style short, 3-cleft. Capsule 3-valved. Seeds laterallv
attached ncar the base ; enibryo excentrical curved or nearly st d-^hr tl e
co yledons incumbcnt or oblique.-Herbs eithcr diffuse or^dic o omius v
branclied g labrous or pubescent. Lcavcs flat, usually ovate or oWonTXn
apparently,_but not really, in whorls of i. Stipules scm-ior' ! FW rsma
numerous, m termmal cymes, with scarious bracts '

Lcaves obovate or ob bng, really opposite, but placcd as thev usuallv ar Tm^

!^ wlorl of 4'' %V'' "" " ''r 'T''''' '-^^ ^^ '''^^"•- ^l- 'TPeam^ce of
t 1 1 ,■ n '? verysmall and uumerous, in loose tem iual cvmes

^:^^^,^'?^ ^'-■'- -«' ™-.v ""..• str::

W. S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Broin,, and others.

Victoria In ],ght soil, widely disi.ersed over tlie colony, F. Mueller

Tasmania. Perhaps introduced, 0V«;^. ^ '^Jueitei.

S. Australia. Near Adelaide, Herb. Mueller.

W. Australia, Lrummond and others

in tropical or subtro])ical Asia. Amcrica; but uuknowu

P. ahincvfoVinm, DC. Prod. iii. 376, a maritime vnnVtv «Wi, +1 ■ i , . ,

and ofteu, but not ahvays, 5 stamens uot n^ on In h t^^^ M i/p'' " '"""''°^ ^'^'''
as Austrah-an on the autliontv of S eber's ^S^ll\ Jto ! l t"?" ''^^°"' '' -^'^■'"
have I met with the variety iuLv Aistral a fc Uee L K\{ t^M^ T\ "' ""•' ""'
wh.ch I have secn, ahhough maritime, are thiu-Ieaved aud S^audrts " '^"™""

10. POLYCARP^A, Lour.

(Aylmeria, Mart)
Sepals 5, either entirely scarious, or herbaceous in the centre and .cirion.
on the margm but not keeled. Petals 5, entire or toothcd St^m n 5 hv
pogyno.. or shghtly perigynous, free or united with the petal in rit ^^
tube. Sljle elongated, 3-lu.rrowed, 3-toothed, or shortlv 3-Iobed at the ton
Capsule 3-vaIved. Seeds obovoid or flattened ; embryo curvcd or neaX
straight ; cotyledons usually (perhaps always) accumbent -Annu I or pcS

M 2

lO-t XVI. CAKYOPiiYLLE.?;. [Polycarpaa.

nial lierbs, evect or diffuse. Leaves narrow-linear or rarely ovate, often clus-
tered in tlie axils so as to appear verticillate. Stipules scarioxis. i"lowers
iis-.Killy niunerous, in tcrminal cymes, sometimes loose and poniculate, some-
times dcnse nnd capitate, often remarkable for tlie wliite, pink or purple sca-
rious se})als and bracts.

The genus is dispersed over the tropical and subtropical regions of the Old World, oue,
the conimoncst spccics, extcndiug also into tropical Amcrica. The 9 Australian specics are
all tropical ; onc is thc above-meutioued comiuoa one, another, P. spicaia, is also Asiatic, the
7 othcrs are enderaic.

Sect. 1. Planchonia, J. Gay. —Petals and stamens united in a cup ortule, xcithout
siaminodia.

Stems hard and almost woody at the base, the radical leaves soon dis-
appearing. Leaves ali narrow. Flowers 3 to 4 lines.
Stem tall, pubesoent. Corollatube shorter than the frce part.

Stamens the length of the petals. Capsule short, ol)tuse . . \. P. longijlora.
Stems short, glabrous. Corolla-tubc louger than the free part.
Stamens much longer than the petals. Capsule oblong, taperiug

at the top 2. P. spirosfi/Ies.

Steras hcrbaceous, several from a rosette of oblong or obovate radical

leaves. Stem-leaves narrow. Flowers l^ to 3 lines .... 3. P. synandra.

Skct. 2. Aylmeria, ^lart. — Petals and stamens free or nearlij so, with 5 short stami-
nodia inside the petals and ojposite to them.
Sepals puiple, ghibrous, nearly 3 lines long. Stamens and petals

slightly pcrigynous 4. P. violacea.

Sepals white or yellowish, hairy, about 2 lines long. Stamens and

petals very perigynous 5. P. stannnodina.

Sect. 3. Polycarpia. — Petals and stamens free or united in a ring at the hase, with-
out staminodia.

Stems simple or hard and woody at the base. Radical lcaves soon
disappearing.
Flowers H liucs. Petals roanded aud very obtuse. Capsulemuch

shorter than the sepals G. P. corgmbosa.

Flowcrs less than 1 line Petals oval-oblong, acute, or toothed at

the top. Capsule rather shorter or louger thau the sepals . . 7- P. brecifora.
Stems herbaceous, several from a rosette of oblong or obovate radical
leaves.

Flower-hcads peduncnlate, with scarious hracts 8. P. spicata.

Flower-hcads closely sessile, surrounded by herbaceous floral leaves 9. P. involucrata.

Section 1. Planchoxi.\, ./. Gay^ in Herb. Ilook. — Petals and stamens
united in a cup or tube without staminodia. Scpals very scarious, oftcn ratlier
large.

1. P. longiflora, T. Mitell. in Rep. Babb. Exped. 8. Pubescent, ercct
and rigid, 1 to 2 ft. bigh, divided at the base into several erect branches.
Leaves naiTow-lincar, acute or ending in a hair-like point, rigid, silky-liairy,
often above | in. long, with smaller ones clustered in their axils ; the upper
ones small and distant. Flowers large, brown red or pur|)le, shortly pedicel-
late in dense terminal coiymbose cymes or heads. Sepals fully 3 lines long,
scarious, with a prominent midrib, the inner ones narrower, more acute and
more deeply coloiircd than the outer. Petals hypogyuous, united with the
stamens in a campamdate tube not 1 line long.their frce parts considcrably

Polycarpaa.'] xvi. caryophylle.e. 165

loiiger ancl shortly bifid at tlie poiiit. rilaments about as long as tlie petals.
Ovary almost sessile. Style loug and subulate. Capsule short ovoid,
obtuse.

N. Australia. Grassy flats aloiig the Victoria river and other parts of Arnhcai's Laud,
F.Mueller; Is. W. co&st, B>//ioe ; Nichol Bay, Walcott.

Var. teucantha. Leaves larger, broader, and less rigid. Sepals completely scarious and
white, without any prouiiuent midrib. — Victoria river, F. Mueller.

2. P. spirostyles, T. Mnell. m Rep. Bahh. Exp. 8. Glabrous and often
very glaucous, woody at the base. with numerous rigid opposite or dichoto-
nious branches, our specimens not exceeding 6 in. Leaves very narrow-linear,
the margins revolute so as to be abuost terete and tlliform, rarely exceeding
\ in., often clustered. Stipules small, with subulate points. Flowers large,
on very short pedicels, either few in tlie upper forks, or forming at length
a broad corymbose cyme. Sepals 3 to 4 lines long, acute, white and scarious
with a promineut midrib, the outer ones sliorter and broader than the iuner.
Petals and stamens .perigynous, uuited in a tube of fuUy 2 bnes, with Ihe
slender tilaments projecting considerably beyond the frec oblong tops of the
petals. Ovary shortly stipitate, tapcring into a long spirally twisted decidu-
ous style. Capstile stipitate, oblong, tapering at the top, nearly as long as
the sepals. Seeds numerous, very small.

N. Australia. Gilbert's Kiver, F. Maelier.

3. P. synandra, F. Muell. iu Bep. Bahh. Exped. 8. A glabrous au-
nual, with a roselte of petiohtte spathidnte or obloug radical leaves. Stems
several, erect or decumbeut, not above 6 in. high, with dichotomous or chis-
tered branches. Leaves narrow-linear, with recurved or revohite margius, the
longer ones above ^ in., but mostly shorter, aud not much clustered. Stipules
small, with fine points. Flowers ratlier larger than in P. corymbosa, in small
rather loose corymbose cymes, all niore or less pedicellate, the Horal leaves all
reduced to scarious bracts. Sepals aboitt 2 liues or nearly 3 lines long in the
capitate variety, white and scarious with a prominent raidrib ofteu purple.
Petals united with the stamens in a tube of about 1 line, their free part shorter
and entire, sometimes very short, the tilaments about the same length. Ovary
sessile, with a subulate style. Capsule oblong, tapering at the top, with few
seeds.

N. Australia. ITooker's Creek and Sturt's Creek, F. MneUer.

S. Australia. Li the iuterior at Wirrawirraloo, Babbayes E.rpedition.

Var. (?) deiisiflora. Leaves suiall and fcw. Flowers larger, iu a dense, nearly globular
head of 1 in. diameter. Petals notched.

Queensland. N.E. coast, A. Cunningham ; Port Denison, Fitzalan ; Rockhamplon,
Thozet.

Var. (jracitis. IMore sleuder. Sepals about \\ lines long. Petals rather broad, uotched.

N. Australia. Port Essiiigton, A. CnnniiKjham, Armstrong.

Section 2. Aylmeria, Mart. — Petals and stamens free or nearly so,
with 5 short staminodia inside the petals and opposite to them. Sepals very
scarious.

4. P. violacea, Boith. Pubescent, erect and slightly brauched, 1 to 2
ft. high. Leavcs naiTow-linear, ilat or concave, i to 1 iu. long, often clus-

106 XVI. CARYOPHYLLi!.^. [Folycarpcea.

tered in the axils, tlie upper oues small and distant. Stipules scarious, lan-
ceolate wilh fine poiuts. Flovvers piu'ple, in dense tenninal leafless corym-
bose cynies or heads, more or less pedicellate, the iloral leaves all reduced to
scarious bracts. Sep?ls nearly 3 lines loiig, with a promiuent niidrib, the
outer ones shorter and rather less coloured. Petals free, about f as long as
the sepals, oblong--Iauceohite, obtusely bifid. Stamens aboiit as long as
the petals, tlie filaments filiforra, uuited at the base iu a ring, with as mauy
minute filiform staminodia opposite the petals. Style siibulate. Capsule
short, globular, with few seeds. — Aylmeria violacea and A. rosea, Mart. in
Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. xiii. 277 ; Achyranthes violacea, Spreng. Syst. Cur. Post.
102, and A. rosea, Spreug. 1. c. 103.

N. Australia. Croker's Island, A. Cunningham; Port Essington, Armstrong.

5. P. staminodina, i^. Muell. in Rep. Babb. Exp. 8. Pubescent, with
erect, opposite or sometimes clustered brauches, ^ to 1 ft. high. Leaves nar-
row-linear or the loAver oues liiiear-lanceolate, flat, the larger ones ^ to f in.,
with smaller ones chistered iu their axils. Stipules with long subulate poiuts.
Plowers larger than in P. corymbosa, iu termiual cynies or heads, forming an
irregular geueral corymb ; the floral leaves all reduced to scarious bracts.
Sepals about 2 liues long, scarious and pubescent, white or slightly yellowish,
without any prominent midrib. Petals almost free, inserted with the stameus
ou a tiiickened perigynous disk, lanceolate, entire, rather more than half the
length of the sepals. Stameus about as long, alteruatiug with short filiforra
staminodia opposite the petals. Ovary short, with a rather short style. Cap-
sule smaU, sessile or shortly stipitate, with few seeds.

W. Australia. Sources of the Victoria river, Hookcr's Creek and Slurfs Crcek, F.
Mueller.

Section 3. P0LYCA.KPIA. — Petals aud stameus free or united in a ring
at the base. Sepals entircly or partially scarious,

6. P. corymbosa, Lam. Illustr. n. 2798. Minutely pubescent or rarely
alraost glabrous, with erect, rather sleuder, but stifl^ brauches, -^ to 1 or even
l^ ft. high. Leaves from narrow-liuear to almost subulate, rarely linear-
lanceolate, flat or with revolute margins, tiie longer oues | to 1 iu., with small
oues chistered iu their axils, the upper oues uiuch smaller and often few and
distant. Stipules taperiug to a fiue point. Plowers uumerous, in dense ter-
mii.al corymbose cymes, sonietimes all formiug oue dense mass on tlie top of
au otherwise siuiple steni, sometimes the cymes uumerous aud loosely pauicu-
late. Ploral leaves all reduced to scarious bracts. Sepals about 1 \ liues loug,
whitc and scarious, without auy prominent midrib, but tapering to a fine
])oint. Petals quite free, not \ line long, broadly ovate, very obtuse aud rathcr
tirm. Stamens often shortcr. Style very short. Capsule ovoid or oblong,
uuich shorter than the sepals. — DC. Prod. iii. S^-l ; Wight, Ic. Pl. Ind. Or,
t. 712.

N. Australia. N. coast, R. Brown ; Victoria river and Albany Island, F. Mueller ;
Lizard Island, Kcppers Islaud, and Port Curtis, M'GUlicrag.

Tiie species is common ia tropical Asia and Atrica, aud is found also in Brazil and
Guiana.

7. P. breviflora, F. Muell. in Rep. Babb. Exp. 9. Glabrous or puljcs-

Polycarjpeea.'] xvi. caryophylle.e. 167

ceiit, and very nearly allied to P. corymhosa, but more slender and divaricately
branched, and at once known by its very much smaller flowers. Sepals
scarcely 1 line long, broader and less acuminate than in P. coryinbosa, petals
much narrower, not so obtuse and usually denticuhite at the top ; stamens
muoh more perigynous ; capsule longcr in proportion, occasionally even ex-
ceeding the sepals.

N. Australia. N. coast, S. Broicn ; Giilf of Carpentaria, i^. iJ/«e//«'.
Queensland. Islandsof IMoreton Bay, F. Mueller ; Rockhampton, Thozet.

8. P, spicata, Arn. m Ann. Nat. Hist. iii. 91. A small glabrous an-
nual, seldom attaining 6 in. and often not half that size. Radical leaves ro-
sulate, obovate or oblong, on long petioles. Stems several, decumbent or
erect, with few spreading dichotomous or cliistered slender branches. Leaves
under the branches in sniall false whorls, spathulate or obovate-oblong, 2 to 3
lines long, including the petiole. Stipules short, broadly scarious, with a fine
point. riowers small, white, in small dense terminal cymes or heads, the
floral leaves ali reduced to short obtuse scarious bracts. Sepals rather more
than 1 line long, scarious, the outer one witli a broad thick centre, the others
with a narrow slightly thickened midrib. Petals very minute and subulate,
almost free from the short stamens. Style short. Capsule small, nearly
globular. — Wight, Ic. -PI. Ind. Or. t. 510; P. staticaformis, Steud. Nom. ed.
2, ii. 369.

N. Australia. N."\V. coast, Bi/noe.

The species rauges over the sandy districts of Arabia and the East India Peninsula.

9. P, involucrata, F. Muell. in Rep. Babb. Exped. 9. Pubescent, with
nuuierous erect or decuml)ent rigid dichotomous stems of 2 to 4 in. or rarely
twice that length. Radical leaves rosulate, oblong or nearly obovate, nar-
rowed into long petioles ; stem-Ieaves more sessile, narrow-oblong or lauceo-
late, ratlier rigid, obtuse or the upper ones acute, 2 to 4 lines long, the fioral
ones in false whorls of 4 to 8. Flowers several together in sessile heads, in
the forks or at the ends of the branches, rarely exceeding the herbaceous floral
leaves. Sepals white, finely pointed, 2 to near 3 lines long ; the outer ones
thickened and cartilaginous at the base. Petals oblong, about \ the length
of the sepals, slightly united with the stamens in a ring at the base. Style
very short, with a capitate slightly furrowed stigma. Capsule small, ovoid-
globular.

N. Australia. IIooker's Creek, Stm"t's Creek, and neav the sources of the Yictoria
river, F. Mueller.

Order XVII. PORTULACE^.

Plowers regular, hermaphrodite. Sepals fewer than petals, nsually 2, free
or rarely adnate to the ovary at the base, usually broad, imbricate in the biid.
Petals 4 or 5, rarely more, hypogyuous or rarely perigynous, imbricate in the
bud. Stamens inserted with the petals and often adhering to their base, of
the same number or fewer and opposite to them or indefinite ; anthers 2-ceIled.
Ovary free or rarely half-inferior, 1-ceIIed. Style niore or less deeply divided
into 3 or rarely 2 or morc than 3 branches, stigmatic along the inner side.
Ovules 2 or more, amphitropous, with an inferior raicropyle, attached to funi-

168 XVir. POKTULACE^.

clcs erect froni the base of the cavity, and free or united in a ccntral coliimn,
or in as niany clusters as style-branches. Seeds several or solitary by abor-
tion,. usuallv morc or less reniforni, with a lateral hilura ; testa crustaceous,
sometimes with a caruncle at the hihnn. Embryo more or less curved round
thc menly albumen, or rarcly nearly straight with very little albumen. — Ilerbs
rarely shrnbby at the base, usually glabrous and succulent or clothed with
long liairs. Leaves alternate or opposite, entire. Stipules scarious or split
into hairs or none. Flowers terminal and solitaiy, or in racemes cyraes or
panicles, or rarely axillary. Petals usually very fugacious or withcring in a
niass.

A small Order, chiefly American, with a few species dispersed over other parts of the
world, especially S. Africa aud Australia. The Australian gencra arenone of them endemic,
2 of them beiiig chieily Americau, aud the other 2 geuerally distributed over the globe.
Tlie chief charactcrs, derived from the ovary aud seeds, are those of Curi/ophi/lleiP, from
which Portiilacece differ in habit, in the number and position of the stamens, aud especially
iu tlieir calyx.

Ovary half-inferior. Petals and stamens perigynons 1. Poutulaca.

Ovary superior. Petals aud stamens hypogynous.
Petals free.

Stamens 5, opposite the petals, and inserted on their basc ... 3. Claytonia.
Stameus indetiuite, often uumerous, rarely aud irregularly reduced

to 5 2. Calanduinia.

Petals uuited iii a simple corolla, split open on one side. Stamens

3 to 5 4. MoNTiA.

1. PORTULACA, Linn.

Sepals 2, nnitetl at the base in a tube adnate to tlie ovary, the free pail;
deciduous. Petals 4 to 6, perigynous. Staraens indcfinite, often numerous,
sometin;fes'6 to 8, inserted with the petals. Ovary half-inferior, with several
ovules. Style deeply 2- to 8-cleft. Capsule membranous, half-inferior, the
free part circunisciss at maturity. Seeds reniform, shining, often granulate. —
Ilerbs inore or less succulent. Leaves alternate or o})posite, often clustered
in tlie axils, the floral ones usually forming an invohicre round the flowers.
Stipules scarious, or niore frequently reduced to a tuft of hairs, sometimes
very miuute or none. Flowers terminal, sessile, or pediceUate.

The species are mostly American, with a very few tropical Australiau, Asiatic, or Afincan
oues, 2 of them widcly dispersed over ciiltivated or sandy places in various parts of the
globe. Oiie of thcse is iucluded among the Australian oues, of vvhich the remaiuder are all
eiidemic.

Leaves mostly alternate.

Stipular hairs minute or nonc.

Leaves oblong-cuneate. Koot slrndcr. Capsule closely scssile . \. P. oleracea.
Leavcs liuear-tercle. lioot usually tnberous. Capsulc uarrowed

into a shortstipcs 2. P. napiformis.

Stipuhir hairs nuinerous and conspicuous.

Leaves thiclc aiid short 3. P. ausfralis.

Leavcs liiiear-terete, almost filiform 4. P.fi/ifolia.

Leavcs all opposite.

Stipular hairs short, but couspicuoiis. Flowers tisiialiy 3, wilhin

the floral Jcavcs, aiid shortly pedicellatc. Stylc-lobcs subulatc . 5. P. (Hijyna.

Portidaca.'] xvii. portulace.e. 169

No stipular hairs. Howers solitary and sessile, withiu 4 bract-like
fioral leaves. Style-lobes flat aud transpareut.

Leaves lanceolate or lincar 6. P. oligosperma.

Leaves oi'bicular 1. P. blcolor.

1. P. oleracea, Linn.; DC. Prod. iii. 353. A low, prostrate, or
spreading anuual, seldoni exceedinoj 6 in., soniewliat succulent, and quite
glabrous. Leaves mostly alternate, cuneate-oblong, obtuse, very rarely
exceeding \ in., usually narrowed into a short petiole, the stipular hairs very
niinute, and sometinies quite disappearing. Flowers terminal and sessile,
betweeu 3 or more floral leaves, rarely solitary, usually several together
iu little heads which are either single or several in a dichotomous cyme.
Sepals not nmch more than 2 lines long. Petals 5, scarcely longer than the
calyx, sb'ghtly imited at the base, yellow and very fugacious. Stamens 10 to
12 or rarely fewer. Style short, with 5 linear stigmatic lobes. Capsule ses-
sile. Seeds minutely tuberculate, the panicles often united at the base into 5
clusters.— A. Gray, Gen. 111. t. 99 ; F. Muell. iu Eep. Babb. Exped. 10.

N. Australia. Victoria river, F. MneUer.

Queensland. lu thc iutcrior, MUchell.

KT. S. Wales. Port Jacl<son, R. Brown.

Victoria. Saiuly banks of Suowy River, F. Mueller.

S. Australia. Elizabelh Creek, iu the iuterior, Bahhage^s E.rpedit'wn.

Var. (?) grandijlora. Sepals more obtuse, 3 to 4 lines long. — Sturfs Creek, F. Mueller.

The species is conimon in maritime or sandy localities in most trojiical countrics, ex-
tendiug into the warm parts of the temperate regions, both of the northeru aud southeru
hemisphercs.

2. P. napiformis, F. Mudl. Ilerb. Glabrous, with decumbeut orerect
stems of 6 in. to near 1 ft., the tap-root thickening into an oblong tuber.
Leaves alternate, linear, succulent, apparently terete, ^ to 1 in. long. Stipu-
lar hairs exceedingly minute. Floaers smaller than in P. oleracea, usually
3 together, between 2 to 4 involucral leaves, but not quite sessile. Staraens
about 16. Style rather long, 4-cleft at the top. Capsule small, contracted
into a short stipes. Seeds smaller than in P. oleracea, black and sliiuing,
linel}^ granidated.

IN. Australia. Victoria river and Beagle Valley, F. Mueller ; N.W. coast, Bynoe.

The species is allied to the East Indian P . iuherosa, Roxb., but the flovvers and fruits are
much smaller, not so closely sessile, and there are not the long stipular and involucral
liairs of that species.

3. P. australis, Fjiidl. Atahta, 7, t. 6. Apparently decumbent and
much branched, the stipular aud involu(;ral hairs copious, but otherwise
glabrous. Leaves alteruate, oblong, elliptical, thick, under \ in. long.
Flowcrs yellow, 1 or 2 together, sessile between 2 to 4 involucral leaves.
Stamens luimerous. Style elongated, 5- or 6-cIeft. Seeds shining, granulate,
the funicles united into as many clusters as styles.

N. Australia. Gidf of Carpeutaria, Bauer. — T have seen no authentic specimens, and
have takcu the above character from Endlicher's description aud Bauer's drawing. A speci-
men of F. Mueller's may be the same plant, aud perhaps oue of R. Brown's from Broad
Sound, but neither are sutticient for determination. It is not improbable that both this
species aud P.jilifolia niay prove to be forms of the tropical Africau P.foliosa.

4. P. fllifolia, F. Mnelt. Fragm. i. 169. Annual, witli ercct or decum-

170 XVII. POKTULACE/E. {Portulaca.

bent stcms of | to 1 ft., the stipular aTid involucral liairs long and copious,
but otherwise glabrous. Leaves alternate, liiiear-tcrctc, alinost fdiforra, \
to 1 in. long.. Flowers rather large, yellovv, 1 to 3 togcthcr, scssile betwcen
2 to 4 involucral leaves. Scpals 2 to 2|^ lines, and pctals twice as long.
Stamens luunerous. Style elongated, usually 4-cleft, Seeds shining, granu-
late, the funicles unitcd in as many clusters as stylcs.

N. Australia. Saudy dcserts ou Sturfs Cixek, F. Mueller.

Queensland. In tlie iuterior, MUchell.

Tliis may be a variety of P. aitslralis, and only appears to diiTer from the tropical
African P.foliosa in its more slender leaves, and from P. tuberosa, lloxb., iu the roots not
tuberous aiid iu tlie large flowers.

5. P. digyna, F. Mitell. Fragm. i. 170. A procumbent, gUibrous
annual of a fcw inchcs, with dichotomous or opposite branches. Leaves all
opposite, ovate obovate or nearly orbicular, 2 to 3 lines long, veiy shortly
petiohite. Stipular hairs vcry short. Flowers pink, very small, pediceUate,
1 to 3 together, between 2 or 4 involucral lcaves, forming dichotomons leafy
cymes. Sepals not 2 lines long. Petals 4, rather longer. Stamens about 10.
Style long, with 2 loiig linear stigmatic branches. Ovules about 6, the
fnnicles forming 2 clusters. Capsule elougate-conical, covered in the upper
part with oblong papill;e. Seeds 1, 2, or 3, black, smooth, and sliining.

N. Australia. Upper Yictoria river, Hool<er's Creek, and Sturt's Creek, F. Mueller.

6. P. oligosperma, F. MiieU. Frar/m. i. 170. A little slender annual
of 2 or scarcely 3 in., with ninuerous opposite branches. Lcaves all opposite,
oblong, narrow-lanceolate or lincar and semiterete, 3 to 4 lines long. Sti-
])ular liairs noue or quite microscopic. Flowers verv^ small, pink, terminal,
solitary and closely sessile within 2 or 4 involucral lcaves, Avhich do not ex-
cccd the calyx-tube, so that the flower appears pediccUate, with 4 calyx-likc
bracts at the summit of the pediceL Sepals scarccly 1 line long, and the
petals appareutly not longer. Stamens about 6, the anthers very trausparent.
Style divided into 2 to 4 hmeeolate, transparent, and very (lelicate lobes.
Seeds few, black, granuhite.

N. Australia. Victoria river aud Sturfs Creck, F. Mueller.

Thc Sturfs Crcck speciuiens have smallcr nud rathcr broadcr Icavcs, aud iu the tlowcr I
cxaniiucd the lobcs of the style were broader than iu those from Victoria rivcr, but both are
probably forms of one species, ucarly allicd to the East ludian P. quadrijida, but at once
kncwu by the abscnce of stipular haiVs.

7. P. bicolor, F. Mnell. Fragm.\. 171. A minute, prostrate annnal,
with opposite branches, rarely above l^ in. long. Leaves all opposite,
broadly ovate or orbicuhu-, scarcely excecding 2 lines. Flowers as in P.
olujoHperma minute, solitary, terminal, and closely sessile between 4 bract-
Hkc tloral leaves (appearing pediceUate, with 4 calyx-Uke bracts at the summit
of the pedicel). Sepals not 1 line long, Petals minute, ycllow. Stamens
about G. Style with 4 (or somctimes 2?) lanceokte, transparent, veiy deU-
cate lobes. Capsule short, broad. Seeds several, smaU, black, granuhite.

N. Australia. Victoria rivcr, F. Mueller.
Queensland. Kcppcl Bay, R. Brotvn.

XVII. POllTULACE.f:. 171

2. CALANDIIINIA, H. B. aiid K.

Sepals 2, persistent or rarely deciduous. Petals 5 or more, or rarely fewer,
liypogyuous. Stameus iudefiuite, uumerous or few, free or uuited in a ring-
at the base, or adbering- to the petals. Ovary free, with several ovules, rarely
rccbiced to 1 or 2. Styles 3 or rarely 4, free or united iu a single style, 3- or
4-cleft, or furrowed at the top. Capside globose, ovoid or oblong-, opeuing
iu 3 or 4 valves, or almost iudehiscent. Seeds reniform-globuhir or flattened,
not strophiolate, shiuing or granulate. Euibryo curved rouud the albumen.
— Herbs, rarely half-shrabby at the base, glabrous or hirsute. Leaves alter-
nate- or in radical tufts, more or less fleshy. Stipules none. Flowers either
solitary pedunculate and axillary, or arranged in termiual racemes or heads.
Petals usually very fugacious.

A large genus, wliieh besides numerous tropical, subtropical, or southern American spe-
cies, only contaius the Australian ones here described, which are all endemic. Formerly
confounded with Talinum, it has been well distinguished froni that geuus ehiefly by the
absence of any strophiola or caruucle to the seeds, aud diflers from Claytonia iu the stamens
always indeiinite, eveu when reduced to a number about the same as or fewer than that of
the petals.

Stamens numerous (20 to 100).

Scapes ieartess, several-flowered, with numerous opposite scarious

scales. Eoot tubcrous \. C. Lehmanni.

Scapes leafless, l-fiowered. Leaves radical, narrow-liuear ... 2. C. imijiora.
Stems more or less leafy, several-flowered.

Perennial. Petals vcry broad. Authers linear-oblong. Styles

uuited at the base 3. C. halonensis.

Aunuals. Petals oval-oblong. Authers short. Styles free to
the base.

Styles and capsular valves 3 4. C pohjandra.

Styles aud capsuiar valves 4 5. C. qiiadrivalvis.

Stamensfew Capsule ovoid or oblonff, very readily dehiscent.
Stauieus mostly 8 to 10. Seeds pitted (except in C. linifiora).
Sepals acute or scarcely obtuse. Leaves huear-terete, the radical
ones elongated.
Sepals fully 2 lines. Authers linear-oblong. Seeds smooth and

shining 6. C. linifiora.

Sepals 1 to liliQcs. Authcrs small, ovate. Secds miuutely pitted.

Petals 5 7. C. gracilis.

Petals about 8 , 8. C. polypetala.

Sepals broad and very obtuse. Leaves obk)ng or shortly linear.

Stems short, ascending or difluse 9. C. pusilla.

Stems twiniug 10. C. volubilis.

Stamers mostly 3 to 5. Seeds very smooth aud shiuing.

Bracts leafy. Sepals 3 to 4 liues long C. caulescens(i}.n5).

Bracts veiy small. Scpals under 2 lines and often under 1 line.
Leaves oblong or linear-oblong, thick. Kacemes loose. Pedicels

at lcngth 3 to 5 lines, reflexed 11. C. calyptrata.

Leaves small, narrow-liuear. Ilacemes short and very numerous.
Pedicels not 1 line, erect. Flowers vcry small.
Capsule oblong, with 4 to 8 seeds. Ovules 6 to 8 . . . . 12. C. composifa.
Capsule narrow-cyliudrical, with 1 or 2 seeds. Ovules 2 .13. C. corriyioloides.
Stamens few . CapsuJe glohular or shortly ovoid, very smooth and
shining, and scarcely dehiscent.

Leaves liuear-terete. Stamcus about 15. Antliers oWong.

Capsular valves separatiug at tlie basc 14. C. spergularina.

172 XVII. PORTULACE^. [Calandriula.

Leaves linear-terete. Stamens about 5. Authcrs globular.

Capsule indchisccnt 15. C. granulifera.

Lcaves short aud broad. Stamcus 5 to 10. Anthers globular.

Capside scarcely dchisceut 16. C.pygmcea.

1. C. Iiehmanni, Endl. in Pl. Freiss. ii. 23.5. Kootstock sleuder and
cylindrical, beariug-, wluni full grown, one or more tubers at tlie base, and at
tiie top a few siiiall scales, appareutly the remains of leaves, and a tiift of 2
to 4 erect, sleuder stems, 6 to 8 in. high and quite leafless, except a niimber
of small, opposite, sheathing scales, their fine points closely pressed agaiust
the stem. Leaves in the very young specimens radical, small, obovate, or
spathulate, soon withering away, and uever more than 2 or 3. nbwers few,
in a terniinal raceme, the slender pedicels of ^ to ^ iu. proceediug from the
axds of the upper scales. Scpals very broad, almost obtuse, very thin, 3-
nerved, about 2 Jines loug. Petals nearly 3 times as long. Stamens short,
very numerous, Avith short anthers. Style simple at the base, witli 3 long,
linear, stigmatic branches. Capsule ovoid, louger thau the calyx, 3-valve(l,
with uumerous small granulated seeds.

W. Australia. Swan River, Preiss, n, 1528, Brumniond, Coll. 1844, n. 242;
South Hutt river, Oldfield.

2. C. uniflora, F. Mnell. in Trans. PJul. Inst. Vict. iii. 41, and Frar/m.
i. 177. Kootstock simple, cylindrical, erect, bearing a deuse tuft of uarrow-
linear leaves of 2 to 4 in. Scapes uumerous from amougst the leaves, 8 to
10 in. high, 1-flowered and leafless, except 1 or 3 minute scales. Flowcrs
rather large. Sepals broad and thin, 3 to 4 liues long. Petals usually 6 or
7. Stameus very numerous, the iuuer oues much longer thau the outer,
anthers oblong. Styles 4, erect, shoilly plumose and stigmatic along their
whole leugth. Capsule about as long as tlie sepals, 4-vaIved. Seeds nu-
merous, black and shiuing.

N. Australia. Victoria river, near the niain camp, F. MueJler.

The species is ucarly allied to tvvo Chihau oncs, C. riijiestris, Barn., aud C. graminifolia,
Philippi.

3. C. balonensis, Lindl. in Mitch. Trop. Amir. 148. Apparently
perennial, erect, brauching, 6 in. to 1 ft. high or rather more. Leaves thick
and ttcshy, the lovver oncs oblong-spathulate or obovate, 1 iu. long or less,
th» upper ones linear or lauceolate, often above 2 in. Flowers large, purj)Ie,
in loose terminal racemes, ou pedicels of about 1 in. Bracts scarious, acumi-
nate, mostly opposite, but only oue of each pair has a flovver in its axil.
Sepals very broad and obtuse, herbaceous, obscurely veined, with a scarious
margin. Petals very broadly obovate, fuUy -| in. long. Stamens very nu-
inerous ; anthers narrow-obloug. Style 3-Iobed, the lobes thick aud nearly
twice as long as tlie eutire base.

Queensland. Sandy soil on the Balonne river, MitclieU.

4. C. polyandra, Bfnth. Annual, with decumbent or ascending
branches of 6 iu. to 1 it. Leavcs few, chicfly in the lowcr part of the stcm,
thick and flcshy, the lowcst broadly linear or almost spathulatc, tlie uppcr
oncs narrow-lincar, occasioually almost opposite, mostly 1 to l^ in. loug.

Calandrinia.] xvii. portulace.e. 173

riowers of a red-purple, ratlier larp^e, few together in a terminal raceme, the
pedicels 1 in. or more. Bracts small and scarious. Sepals very broad, ratlier
obtuse, thin and slightly coloured, with scarcely prominent veins. Petals
narrow-obovate, about | iii. long. Stamens very nnmerous, irreg-uLirly united
at the base ; anthers short. Style divided to the base into 3 lincar stig-
matic branches. Capsule ovoid or oblong, 3-valved. Seeds very numerous
and suiall, bhick, minutely pitted. — Talinum 'pohjandrum, Hook. Bot. Mag.
t. 4833.

S. Australia. Spencer's Gulf, Warlurton ; iii the iiiterior, Viciorian Expedition.

W. Australia, Burffes, Bnimmond, Coll. 1848, n. 119 ; Flinders Bay, Collie ; near
Banbury, Oldfidd ; Murchison river, Sandford ; W. coast, Bynoe.

Var. leptophi/lla. Slcnder, with very narrow leaves 2 to 3 in. long, and few, rather
large flowers ou long slender pedicels. \V. coast, with the commoner form, Bynoe.

5. C. quadrivalvis, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 176. A gdabrous annual,
with small, oblong-spathulate radical leaves, soon disappearing, and several
decnmbent or ascending stems, from a few in. to 1 ft. or rather more, and
sometimes much branched. Stem-leaves from linear-spathulate to oblgng or
lanceolate, narrowed into a petiole, the lower ones often above 1 in. long, the
npper ones few and small. Flowers small, pink, in loose racemes soraetimes
branching into panicles ; pedicels -1 to f in. Bracts very small, herbaceous
or slightly scarious. Sepals herbaccous, acute, about l^ lines long. Petals
6, fully twice as long as the calyx. Stamens nuraerous, with small anthers.
Style divided to the liase into 4 linear stigmatic branches. Capsule about as
long as the calyx, 4-valved, with numerous smallr seeds minutely pitted.

N. Australia. Saudy places aloug the Victoria river and in thc Macadam range,
F. MueUer.

6. C. liniflora, Fenzl, iu Huey. Enum. 52. A slender annual, with
a tuft of narrow-linear radical leaves of 1 to 2 in. Stems several, ascending,
from a few in. to nearly 1 ft. high. Leaves few, linear, mostly small. FloAvers
apparently red, in a loose raceme, on pedicels of |- to 1 inch. Bracts small and
narrow, but not scarious. Sepals broadly ovate, herbaceous, acute, 2 lines
or rather longer. Petals 5, obovate, fully \ in. long. Stamens about 10,
united at the base in a membranous cup ; anther-ceUs linear, only united by a
small connective in the centre. Styles or style-branches linear, very shortly
united at the base. Capsule oblong, longer than the calyx, with numerous
small, sraooth and shining seeds. — Nees, in PI. Preiss. i. 247.

■^V. Australia. Swan River, Preiss, n. 1952, Brummond.

A' ar. (?) (jrandiflora. Stems more leafy, flowers larger. Vasse river, Mrs. Molloy.

7. C. gracilis, BentJi. A slender annual, with a tuft of narrow-Iinear
radical leaves of 1 to 2 in., and several stems of about 1 ft., bearing few linear
leaves and a loose raceme, as in C. linlflora, but the flowers are smaller and
ditferent in stiiicture. Bracts minute and scarious. Sepals a little raore than
1 line long, acute, thin. Petals 5, narrow, about twice as long as the sepals,
apparently white. Staraens about 10, the filaments slightly dilated towards
the base, but not united ; anthers small. Styles divided to tlie base into 3
or 4 lineav stigmatic branches. Capsule rather longer than the calyx, 3- or
4-vaIved. Seeds very minutely pitted when seen under a strong lens.

N. Australia. Port Essington, Armslrong.

17-i XVII. PORTULACE^. [Calandrinia.

8. C. polypetala, Fenzl, in Kaeg. Enuni. 51. A slender annual, with
filiform radical lcavcs of 1 in. or louger. Stcms ascendiiig, simple, 8 to 6 in.
\\\<A\. Leaves liliform, tlie iipper oiics passing into the minute bracts. Ra-
cemes tcrminal, with distaut, small flowers, tlie lower pedicels about 5 lines,
tlie upper ones much sliorter. Sepals rather obtuse, a little more tliau 1 line
lon"-. Petals 8 to 10, oblong, twice as long as the sepals, withering into a
calyptra, as in C. cahjplrata. Stamens 8 to 10, miited in a ring at the
base ; antliers globuLar. Styles 3, filiform. Capsule half as loug again as
tlie calyx, nearly cyliuch-ical, 3-valved, Avith miuutc, globuhu-, bhick seeds,
miimteiy granuiated. — Nees, in Pl. Preiss. i. ^i?, excludiug the var. com-
jwsUa.

W, Australia. Swan River, Huegel. I have iiot secn Hucgcrs specinieus nor auy
othcrs which I cau vefer vvith certaiuty to Fcuzrs C. poli/petala. It luay possibly be tiie
same as C. pasilla, but I have never seeu iu that species more than six petals.

9. C. pusilla, TAndl. in Milch. Trop. Andr. 3G0. A small aunual, tlie
stems asceuding from 1 to 3 or 4 in. or rarely higlicr. Lcaves radical or on
the lower part of the stem, about |- to 1 in. loug, inuch more succuleut than
in C. calyptratn, oblong or liuear, mostly petiohnte, but dilated and stcm-
chnsping at the base. Eaccmes occupying a great part of the stems, but
loose and few-flowered, with minute scarious bracts, cxcept the lower ones,
whicli are sometiines leafy. Flowers apparently pink, like those of C. calyp-
trata, except that tlie sepals are very broad aud obtu.se, coloured with scarious
margins, attaining \\ liues when in fruit. Petals 5 or 6, oblong. Stameus
5 to 8 ; authers smaU. Style divided to tlie base iiito 3 short, thick, stig-
matic branclies. Capsule uarrow, louger than the calyx, opening iu 3 valvcs.
Seeds uumerous, much smaller than in C. calyptrata aud minutely pitted.

Queensland. On Ihe ^laranoa, Mitc.liell.

N. S. 'Wales. Darling river, Viciorian E.rpediiinn.

Victoria. On thc Murray, F. Mueller ; Wimmera rivcr, Dallachy.

S. Australia. ^SIount Brown, Hohlfast Bay, etc., F. Mueller.

VT. Australia. .Swan Rivcr, Drummond ; Mmxhison river, Cldfield.

This nud thc followiug spccics are unitcd by F. Mucller with C. cnli/pirata, but thc ilif-
ferenccs in liabit, calyx, aud sceds appear to mc to be too constant uot to admit thcm as
species.

10. C. volubilis, Benlh. AUied to C. pnsilla, awd with that species
copsidcred by F. Mueller as a variety of C. calyptrata, but the sceds and
flowers are difl'erent. Leaves crowded on a short, succuhmt, brauching stock,
Hucar-obhmg, 1 to l^ in. long, uarrowed below tlie middle, but dihited at the
base. Flowering branches twining, abuost leafless, except miuute scarious
bracts. Pedicels flexuose, 2 to 6 lines long. Sepals vciy obtuse, broad and
succulcnt, I3- lines whcn in flower, 2 lines whcn in fruit. Petals about as
long, withering into a calyptra on the youug fruit. Stamens 8 to 10, the
filaments slightly dilated at the base, but scarcely nnilcd; anthers small.
Style cleft almost to tlie base iiito 3 linear stigmatic branches. Capsulc acu-
minate, twice as loug as thc sepals. Seeds strongly pitted.

N. S. Wales. Near the Darliug river, Beckler.
S. Australia. Port Liacoln, Wilhelmi.

11. C. calyptrata, Hool-.f. in Ilook. Tc. Pl. t. 290. A small annual.

Calandrinia.'] xvii. portulace^. 175

witli petiolate linear-oblong or linear-spathulate radical leaves. Stems branch-
ing, prostrate or ascending, from 1 or 2 to 7 or 8 in. long. Leaves few,
smaller tliaii tlie radical ones, varying" from linear to ahnost obovate. Flowers
very small, in a loose tiexuose raceme, the pedicels 3 to 6 lincs long, reflexcd
after flowering. Bracts very sniall, the up]:)er ones often scarious. Sepals
acute, about 1 line long in llower, nearly l^ when in fruit. Petals about as
long, often persistent a long time after flowering, withered into a small
calyptra on the top of the young fruit. Stamens about 5, Avith slender, free
filaments ; anthers ovate. Style very short, with 3 very sliort, oblong, stig-
matic branches. Capside ratlier longer than the calyx, 3-valved. Seeds
numerous, small, very smooth and shining. — Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 143 ; Clai/-
tonia cahjptrata, F. Muell. Fragm. iii. 89.

N. S. VS^ales. Port Jackson, U. Broicn.

Victoria. lu the Wendu Valley, Rohertson.

Tasmania. Port Dah-ymple, R. Brown ; on basaUic. rocks, uear Launceston, Gunn.

S. Australia. Holdfast Bay, Mount Parker, Bugle and Barossa ranges, F. Mueller.

W. Australia. King George's Souud, R. Brovni, Ba.rter ; S. coast?, Olfljield.

Var. (?) jnimiJa, F. Muell. A small, tufted plant, with a thick, succulent root. Leaves
radical or nearly so, oblong or almost ovate, 3 to 4 lines long, but narrovved into a petiole
twice that leugth. Flowering branches or racemes loose, 1 to 1| in. long. Bracts sniall,
scarious. Plovvers about the size of the C. calyptrata, but the sepals very obtuse. Capsule
ovoid-globular, the valves cohering at the summit. Seeds numerous, small, smooth, and
shining.

Queensland. Balonne river, Bowman.

Kr. S. TVales, From Nangawera to Yellowinchi, Victorian Brpedition. I am in-
cliued to thiuk that further specimens vvill prove this to be a distinct species {Herb. F.
Mueller).

C. caulescens, H. B. and K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. 78, t. 526, a comnion Peruviau weed,
has established itself in vvaste places about Adelaide and other parts of S. Australia. Al-
though technically the characters are nearly those of C. calyptrata, it is rcadily knovvn by
its much more leafy stems, the bracts all leaf-like, and the flovvers more than twice the size,
the sepals ovate, acuminate, 3 or 4 lincs long. C. compressa, Schrad. (C. pilosiuscula, DC),
an equally common Chilian vveed, is also very ncarly allied, but is readily distinguished by
the very broadly hastate sepals, as well as some differences iu the foliage.

12. C. composita, Nees {under C. polypetala). A small difFuse annual,
very densely branched, seldom exceeding 2 or 3 in. Radical leaves linear,
attaining \ in., the stem-leaves mostly 1 to 2 lines, passing into minute
bracts. Flowers very small and numerous, in short raceraes on pedicels rarely
exceeding 1 line, and usually much shorter when in flower. Sepals f line iu
flower, 1 line long when in fruit, obtuse and rather thick. Petals 5 or 6,
scarcely exceeding the calyx, withering into a calyptra as in C. catyptrata.
Stamens 3 to 5 ; anthers small. Style divided to the base into 3 liuear stig-
matic branches. Ovules about 6 to 8. Capsule ovoid-oblong, longer than
the calyx, opening in 3 valves. Seeds 3 to 6, smooth and shining. — O. poly-
petala, var. composita, Nees, in PI. Preiss. i. 247.

VT. Australia. Svvan Eivcr, Brummond, Preiss, n. 1951.

13. C. corrigioloides, T?. Miwll. HeiJ). An annnal, with narrow-
linear radical leaves contracted iiito a long petiole. Stems numerous, pi'o-
strate or slightly ascending, not much exceeding \ ft. Stem-Ieaves few, li-
ncar, pctiolate. Racenies numerous, short, axillary and termina], branching

176 XVII. PORTtLACEiE. [Calandrinia.

so as to form little unihiteral cymes. Bracts minute, Flowers verv sraall,
wliite, on pediccls wliich rarely exceed |- line. Sepals not | iine long, obtuse.
Petals 5 or 6, narrow, rather longer than the sepals. Stamens usually 3 ;
anthers sraall. Style divided iiito 3 verj' short stigmatic lobes. Ovules
usually 2. Capsule cylindrical, slender, often above 11 lines long, opening iu
3 valves. Seed usually only 1, or rarely 2, in the base of the capsule, hirge
in proportion, orbicuLnr, bhick, and veiy sraooth and shiniug.

Victoria. ^Vimmera river, F. Mueller.

W. Australia. Swan River, Drummond ; Canning and Mnrcliison rivers, Oldfield.

14. C. spergTilarina, T. Mnell. Trngm. i, 175. A small annual, with
a tuft of linear-terete leaves under 1 in. long. Stems slender, decumbent,
slightly branched, 2 to 4 in. long or scarcely more. Leaves few, small, liriear-
terete. Flowers pink, very small, in a rather rigid often flexuose racerae on
pedicels of 1 to 3 lines. Bracts very miuute and scarious. Sepals acute, a
little raore than 1 line loug in flower, 1|^ lines whcn in fiiiit. Petals 6, not
twice as long as the calyx. Staraens about 15 ; anthers oblong, the cells
adheriug in the centre only. Style divided to tlie base into 3 hnear stig-
matic branches, Capsule small, the valves reraaining coherent at the top,
separating at the base, and falling ofl" together. Seeds sraall, smooth, and
shining.

N. Australia. Sandy beJ of Nicliolson river, Gulf of Carpentaria, F. Mueller.

15. C. granulifera, Benth. A small annual, with a tuft of linear ra-
dical leaves. Stems nuraerous, rigid, branching, decurabent or ascending, 2
to 6 in. long. Leaves few and small, Bracts very rainute. Flowers very
sraall, in terminal one-sided raceraes, on rigid pedicels of 1 or rarely 2 lines,
much thickened when iu fruit. Sepals little more than \ line long and very
deciduous. Petals 5, 6, or sometimes 7, apparently white, about twice as
long as the calyx. Stamens scarcely as many as petals, with very short an-
thers. Style short, with 3 linear stigmatic branches, Capside about 1 liue
long, globuLir-conical, black, smooth and shining, and usually indchiscent.
Seeds numerous, brown, veiy small and obovoid.

W, Australia, Swan River, Drummond.

16. C. pygmsea, T. Muell. Fragm. i, 175. A very small annual, with
nuraerous decumbent or ercct steras, often under 1 in,'and rarely exceediug
3 :n. Leaves from oblong to ovate, thick and succulent, the radical ones not
exceeding 5 lines and tlie stem ones usually 2 to 3 lines loug. Eacemcs
short and dcnse, with the bracts mostly leafy but small. Flowers small, ou
very short pedicels, Sepals succulent, obtusc, about l^ lines long, or some-
times much Lirger wlien in fruit, Petals usually 5, 6, or 7, narrow, rather
longer than the calyx. Stamens varying in number, usually 2 or 3 more thau
the petals, aud cotniected iu a ring at the base ; anthers short. Style di-
vidcd to the base into 3 long, linear, stigmatic branches. Capsule globuLnr
or ovoid, cartilaginous, very sniooth and shining, and ofteu black, the valves
opeuing only very shortly at the top. Seeds small, miuutely pitted.— 2fl//-
nuni 7ianuiM, Nees, in PL Preiss. i. 246,

Victoria. Afoist rocky or sandy places in tlie Granipians, Mount Abriipt in the Tatiara
country, Tort Phillip, ctc, F. Mueller, Jdamson, and others.

Calandrinia.'] xvii. PORTULACE.f:. 177

S. Australia. Lvnedoch Vallej', F. MueUer.

W. Australia. Swau River, Drvmmond, Preiss, n. 1930 ; Vasse river, Oldjield.

3. CLAYTONIA, Linn.

Sepals 2, persistent. Petals 5, hypogynous. Stamens 5, opposite tlie
petals and adhering to them at the base. Ovary free, with few ovules ; style
3-cleft or 3-furrovved at the top. Capsule globular or ovoid, opening in 3
valves. Seeds reniform or orbicular, tiattened. Embryo curved round the
albumen. — Annual or perennial herbs, usually gL'ibrous and somewhat succu-
lent. Jladical leaves petiolate, the stem-leaves alternate or opposite, without
stipales. Flowers in terminal racemes or cymes, rarely solitary.

The species are all North American or North-Kast Asiatic, with the exception of the fol-
lowing one, which is conliued to Australia and N. Zealand. The genus is chiefly distin-
guished from Calandrinia by the stamens coustautly of the same uumber as aud opposite
the petals, a character genernlly accompanied by a marked ditTereuce iu aspect.

1. C. australasica, Hook.f. in Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 293, and M. Tasm. i.
144. A small tufted plant, with a creeping stem not exceeding a couple of
inches in dry places, lengthening out to a foot or more in water. Leaves al-
ternate, narrow-linear, obtuse, from l^ in. in the small plants to 2 or 3 in. in
the aquatic ones, usually narrowed below the middle, but witli a widened
sheathing base often scarioiis on the edges. Flowers white and large for the
genus, terminal or leaf-opposed, solitary or 2 or 3 in a loose raceme, on long
pedicels. Sepals small, orbicular. Petals several tintes longer, obovate-ob-
long. Style-Iobes filiform. Capsule about as long as the calyx. Seeds
usually 3, black, smooth and shining. — F. Muell. Fragm. iii. 89.

N. S. '^Vales. Valleys of the Blue Mountains, A. Cunningham.

Victoria. Very common in rich soils and marshy places ascending to the summits of
the Australian Alps, V. Mueller.

Tasmania, R. Broion, common in moist places throughout the island, asccuding to
4000 ft., /. D. Huoker.

S. Australia. Kivoli Bay, F. 3Iueller.

W. Australia, Drumnond, n. 220, Oldjiehl.

The species is also found in New Zealand.

4. MONTIA, Linn.

Sepals iisually 2, persistent. Petals hypogynous, united in a 5-lobed
corolla, split open on one side. Stamens 3 or rarely 5, iiiserted in the top of
the corolla-tube. Ovary free, with 3 ovules. Capsule globular, opening in
3 valves. Seeds nearly orbicular. Embryo curved round the albumen. — A
small annual. Leaves mostly opposite, without stipules. Flowers very sniall.

The genus consists probably of a single species, although some of its most marked varicties
have been raised by some authors to the rank of species.

1. M. fontana, Linn. ; DC. Prod. iii. 362. A little glabrous, green,
somewhat succulent annual, forming dense tufts from 1 to 4 or 5 in. high,
the stems becoming longer and weaker in more watery situations. Leaves
opposite or nearly so, obovate or spathulate, from 3 to 5 or 6 lines long.
Flowers solitary or in little drooping racemes of 2 or 3, in the axils of the

VOL. I. N

j^jg XVII. PORTULACE.E. [Mou/ia.

upper leaves, the petals of a pure white, very little longer than the calyx.
Capsules small.— Ilook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 144.

Tasmania. In springs on St. Patriek's Rivcr at an elevalion of 1500 ft., abundantly,

^ The snecies is comnion throufrhout Europe, in Northern Asia aud N.W. Amcrica, aud
thence down the Andes to Australia, America, and in New Zealand, but not in central or
tropical Asia, nor, as far as hitherto knowu, in any part of Africa cxcept Algena.

Order XVIII. ELATINEiE.

riowers re^ular, hermaphrodite. Sepals 2 to 5, free, imbricate in the bud.
Petals as maiay, hypogynous, imbvicate iu the bucl, occasionally wautmg.
Stamens as raany or twice as mauy, hvpogyuous, free ; anthers 2-ceUed. Torus
sraall, witliout any disk. Ovary free, witii as many cells as there are sepa s ;
styles as raanv, free from the base, with terminal capitate stigmas. Ovules
seVeral in each cell, attached to the inuer angle, auatropous. Capsule opeumg
sc^ticidally, the valves flut or concave, with the margius inflexed, leavmg inore
or'less of the dissepiments attached to the ceutral columu. Seeds straight or
curved, testa crustaceous, usually wrinkled or ribbed, albumen none or very
thin. Embryo filUug the seed, cotyledons short, radicle next to the hilum.
— Herbs or low uudershrubs, aquatic, creeping or difi"use. Leaves opposite
or rarely verticiUate, eutire or serrate. Slipules in pairs. Flowers small,
axillary,' sobtary or in clusters or cymes.

A sm'all Order dispersed over nearly the whole globe, allied to Hypericinea aud Caryo-
jthyUece, but differiii? from the former in habit, in the stipules, and m the perfoctly iso-
merous flowers, from"" the latter chieflv in the ovary aud fruit aud want ot albu.nen to the
seeds ; there is also cousiderable affiiiitv, especially iu habit, with Lythrarie<e aud Lrasm-
lacea. The ouly two geuera of the Order, both of them of wide geographical rauge, are
represented in Australia.
Se])als membranous, obtuse. Capsule membranous. Glabrous, aquatic or

creeping herbs. Flowers 2- to 4-raerous J • Ei.atine.

Sepals herbaceous in the middle or keeled, acute. Capsule almost crusta-

ceous. Herbs or uudershrubs. Flowers usually 5-merous, rarely 3- to

4-merous 2. Beugia.

1. ELATINE, Liun.

Flowers 3- or 4-merous, rarclv 2-merous. Sepals membranous, obtuse,
not keeled. Ovary globdar. Capsule membranous, the dissepimeuts either
disappcaring or remaiuiug attached to the ceutral column.— Small glabrous
herbs, eitlier acpiatic or ereeping ou mud. Leaves opposite or verticillate.
Flowers usually solitaiy in the axils, and very small.

The geuus is widely dispersed over the temperate and subtropical regions of the globe.
The Australian species is considered by some as endemic, by others as identical with an
American one. ~

1. E. americana, Jni. in Edinh. Journ. Nat. Sc. i. 431, var. anstra-
Uetisis. A sniall, tcnder, ghabrous aunual, prostrate and creeping over mud
in dense tufts, sometiines uot 1 in. in diameter, sometimes extendiug over a
considerable surface. Leaves in the onUnary form ovate, obovate, or broadly
oblong, 2 to 3 Unes loug, thin and of a brigiit green ; but in some luxuriant

Elatine.'] ' xviii. elatine^. 179

specimens ovate-lanceolate or oblong, and exceeding- \ in., almost always
bordered by a few distant glands. Stipules very minute and deciduous, or
rarely more persistent, and \ line loni?. Flowers vcry minute, sessile and
solitary in one axil only of each pair of leaves, and in Australia almost always
3-raerous. Sepals usually very minute and transparent, and tlae petals so
very small and fugacious as to be rarely foimd in dried specimens, except in
sorae western ones, where the petals are reddish and fidly \ line long. Sta-
mens 3. Ovary depressed-globular, with 3 cells and 3 minute, punctiform,
abnost sessile stigraas. Capsule often 1 line in diameter, the dissepiments
sometiraes complete, sometimes obliterated at maturity. Seeds cylindrical,
more or less curved or nearly straight, niarked with longitudinal furrows and
minute, transverse wrinkles. — Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 47 ; E. mhima, Fisch.
and Mey. in Linnaea, x. 73 ; F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 195 ; E. gratioloides, A.
Cunn. in Ann. Nat. Hist. iii. 26,

Queensland. Brisbane river, F. Mueller.

Victoria. Muddy places and margins of still fresh-waters, sparingly distributed over
the colony, F. Mueller.

Tasmania. Marshes in the northern and central parts of the islaud, J. B. Hooker.

S. Australia. Lake Torrens, F. Mueller.

W. Australia, Drummond, n. 604, 605, 684 ; IMurchison river, Ohlfeld.

This plant, whelhcr a distinct species or a variety of the N. Anierican onc, is fonnd also ia
New Zealand aud the Fiji islands, and is very variable. In the niajority of speciinens froin
various localities, I have always found 3 very thin sepals aud 3 stamens, but have failed tode-
tect the petals even ia a very early stage. Amongst theni Drummoud's n. 605 are remark-
abie for the Lirge size of the capsuies ; some of Gunn's, from a lagoon at Georgetown, where
they are under water, and Drummond's n. 684, probably also from under water, have elon-
gated stems and leaves 6 to 9 lines long ; F. ]\Iueller's, from the Brisbane river, have also
long leaves and remarkably large stipules. A western specimen in Herb. Hookcr, from
Drummond, ditfers still more in the well-developed red petals, of a firm consistence and re-
mainiug long persistent. The N. Americau plant {A. Grai/, Gen. III. t. 95) differs chieHy ia
the flowers almost coustantly dimerous, which does not occur in any southern speciinens I
have examined.

2. BERGIA, Linn.

Flowers 5-merous, or rarely 3-4-merous. Sepals herbaceous or keeled in
the centre, acnte, usually membranous and transparent on the edges. Ovary
ovoid or globular. Capsule somewhat crustaceous, the valves sometimes in-
duplicate on the edges and carrying off nearly tlie whole of the dissepiments,
soinetiraes nearly tiat, leaving more or less of the dissepiments attached to
the axis. — Herbs or undershrubs, prostrate or much branched, often pubes-
cent. Leaves opposite, entire or more frequently serrate. Flowers axillary,
solitary or chistered in cymes, small, but usually larger than in Elatine.

The genus is widely distributed over the warmer regions of the globe. F. Mueller pro-
poses to unite it with Elatine, but slight as are the charactcrs, they are accompanicd by a
very decided difference in habit, and the two geuera are therefoi^e natural. Of the three or
four Australian species two are endemic, but nearly allied to corresponding S. African ones,
a third B. ammannioides, is a common Asiatic and African weed, of which the fourth may be
a mere variety.

Flowers small, clustered in the axils. Staraens of the samc number
as the petals aud sepals.
Stems pubescent 1. ^5. ammannioides.

N 2

180 XVIII. ELATINE.F.. • [Bmjiu.

Stems quite glabrous 2. B-pi/si/ht.

Flowers solitary, pediccllate. Siauiens twice tlie number of the

sepais auil pctals.
Erect auuuai. PcJiccls elougated. Filameuts all equal. Styles

siiort S. B. pedicellaris.

Stcui woody, prostrate aud tortuous. Pedicels short. Outer fila-

inents much broadcr. Styles liliform 4. J?. perennis.

1. B. ammannioides, Uolh, Nov. Pl. S/x 219. Arigid, nnich-branclied
aiinual, erect or dccumbent, pubescent or liirsute, witli spreading hairs, usually
6 in. to 1 ft. high. Leaves from oval-elliptical to oblong or lanceolate, the
larger ones -^ to 1 in., bnfc niostly smaller, more or less serrate with niucro-
nate or glanchdar teeth, narrowed at the ba.se. Stijndcs Linccohite, serrate.
Flowers very sinall, in dense axiUary clusters, on very short iiliforni pedicels,
usually 5-nierous, but sometimes ■i-merous or 3-raerous. Sepals very narrow,
acute, ciHate, about \ line long. Petals narrow, very tlun, about as long as
tlie sepals. Staniens of the same number as the sepals and petals. ■ Capsule
rather shorter, the boat-shaped valves separating septicichTlly so as to leave
the axis abnost wholly without any remains of the dissepiments. Seeds very
small, ovoid, nearly straight. — Elatine ammminioideH, Wight, in Hoolc. Bot.
Misc. iii. 93, t. 5 ; Wight, lU. t. 25« ; F. ]\Iuell. Fragra. ii. 147.

N. Australia. Gravelly bed and bauks of Victoria river, Sturfs Creeli, aud tlicir
atHuents, F. Mm-Uer.

Victoria. Juuctions of the Darling and Murray rivers, F. Mneller.

The spccies is common in East ludia and the warmer regions of Africa.

Var. trimera. Usually more procumbcnt and smaller. Flowers small, 3-merous or 4-
mcrous. — B. trimera, Link, in Liuufea, x. 74 ; B. (or Elatine) tripetala, F. iSIucll. Pl. Vict.
i. 196, t. 9. The small Victorian specimens from Dr. Muelier in Souder's hcrbarium agree
precisely with some Indian ones, very properly included by Wight in the B. ammannioides.

2. B. pusilla, Benth. This may be a variety only of B. ainmannioides,
but it has a dillereut aspect from any of tlie foruis assunied by that spccies in
India aud Africa. It is perfectly glabrous, with nnmerous slender stcms, 1
to 2 in. high, thickened at the b;ise, with a few obovate leaves, the upper
leaves obloug-hmccolate and serrate. riowers sraall, axillary, and clustcrcd,
as iri B. aminannioides, but usually more sessile and 4-mero>is, rarely 3-
merous ; sepals more acuminate. Cajjsxdar valves apparently less folded,
leaving a thicker central axis. — FAatine verticillaris, F. MuelL Fragra. ii. 148.

N. Aiistralia. Ropcr river in Arnhem's Laud, F. MneUer. The East Indiaa B. ver-

ticillata, Willd., is a vcry dilfcreut species.

3. B. pedicellaris, F. Muell. Herb. A niore or less ghnidular-pubes-
ceut aniuial, about | ft. high, erect or with decuud)ent side-branches. Leaves
ellii)tical or lanccolatc, niostly acute, minutely serrate, narrowcd at the base,
the larger ones above 1 in., but mostly mider \ in. long. Stipules narrow.
Pedicels solitary, slender, longer than the leaves. Flowers 5-merous, much
largcr thau iu the preceding species. Sepals keeled, 1 to l^ lines long.
Petals ovate-lanceolate, persistent, about as loug as the sepals. Stameus
usually 10, the hlaments very tlnn, slightly dikited and closely presscd round
the ovary up to the middlc. Styles short. Capsule depresscd-globular, 5-
valved, leaving very little of the dissepiments attached to the axis. Seeds

JJl'rt/i(f.] XVlll. ELAXINE.E. 181

verv numorous and miniite, quite smootli unless seen under a very high mag-
nifier. — Elatine pedicellaris^Y. Mnell. Fragm. ii. 145.

N. Australia. Careeniiig Bay, N.W. coast, A. Cunnhuiham ; gravelly beds of the
Victoria and Fitzmaurice ri\ers, and alous; their affluents, F. Mueller. The species is closely
allied to B. jwli/antha, Sond., from S. Africa, which has the same styles aud stamens, but is
quite glabrous, with rathcr laraer flowers ou much shorter pedicels.

4. B. perennis, F. Mnell. Ilerb. Stems prostrate, woody, tortuous, with
verv short leafy branchfs, glabroiis or witli a very few short hairs. Leaves
fVom ovate to elliptical-oblong, mostly 3 to 4 iines loiig, rather rigid, gla-
brous and ghuicous, often ciliate towards tlie base and narrowed into a short
petiole. Stigmas lanceohite, ciliate. Flowers usually 5-merous, on solitary
pedicels, rarely exeeeding the length of the leaves. Sepals broadly-hniceolate,
keeled, with scarious margins, nearly 2 lines long. Petals longcr, rather nar-
row. Stamens usually lU, the 5 outer tilauients dilated, especially below the
middle. Styles riliform. Capsule rather sliorter thau the calyx, the valves
leaving much of the dissepiments attached to the central column. Seeds ob-
long, curved, slightly furrowed and transversely wrinkled like those of Elatine.
— Elaline perennis, F. Muell. Fragm. ii. 146.

W. Australia. Banks of the rice swamps near Sturt's Creek, F. MuelJer. The
species is nearly allied to the S. Africau B. anagalloides, E. Mey., which is a perennial
wilh the same stylcs and stamens, but its flowers are rather larger, on longer pedicels.

Order XIX. HYPEEICINE^.

Flowers rcgular, hermaphrodite. Sepals 5, rarely 4, imbricate in the bud.
Petals as many, hypogynous, imbricate and ustially coiitorted iu the bud.
Stamens indetinite, h^pogynous, usually uuited or chistered into 3 or 5
bundles ; anthers 2-celled. Ovary consisting of 3 to 5 carpels more or less
united, either 1-celled with tlie pLacentas on tlie inflexed margins of the car-
pels, or corapletely divided into cells by the union of the phicentas in the axis.
Styles as many as carpels, free or rarely itnited at the base, with terminal
stigmas. Ovules usually several to each cell or phicenta, anatropous. Fruit
ca])sular, or rarely fleshy and indehiscent. Seeds straight or rarely curved,
without albmnen. Endjryo straight or rarely curved, the radicle next the
hihim. — Herbs, shrubs, or rarely trces. Leaves opposite or rarely verticillate,
simple and entire or with ghandular tceth. Stipides none. Flowers terminal
or rarely axillary, solitary or in cymes or panicles. Leafy parts often marked
with ghtnduhu', pelhicid, or black dots.

The Order is dispersed over the greater portion of the globe, although represented in
Australia by oniy one or two species, aud those not endcmic. It is closely allied to GnUlfera;
aud Ternsiroemiarea, none of which last Order have as yet been discovered iu Australia.

1. HYPEmCUM, Linn.

Sepals 5. Petals 5, not wooUy inside. Capstde opening scpticidally.
Seeds not winged. Embryo oblong or cylindrica!, with short cotyledous. —
Herbs or shrubs. Leaves either stnall or thin, entire, or rarely minutely
toothed. Flowers yellow or rarely white.

A large genus with nearly the same extensivc gcographical rangc as the Order.

182 XIX. HYPEHiciNE^. \l bj pe rlcum .

Erect or asceudiiif<. Leaves nsually subcordate \. H. graminfiuin.

Procuuibent. Leaves usually obloug or obovate 2. H.japonicum.

1. H. gramineum, Furst. ; DC. Prod. i. 548. A glnbrous perennial,
with erect or asceiuliiif^' aiiguiar stems, usually about 1 f't. Iiij2,l), but some-
tiraes iiearly twicc that heigiit, or much shorter, slender, but rather rigid,
branchiiig at tlie base only or in the iuflorescence. Leaves closely stem-
chisping, ovate to oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, rarcly exceeding \ in., eutire,
with luuneroiis pellucid dots, the margins more or less revolute. Flowers 3
or iiiore, iu tlie Ibrks or termiuating tlie branclies of a dichotomous cyme,
with a pair of leafy bracts at the base of eacli fork ; tlie pcdicels erect and.
rigid, \ io \ iu. long. Sepals lanceolate, acute, apprcssed, 2 to 3 or rarely 4
liucs long. Pctals entirc, longer thau the sepals. Slainens very variable ia
uuinber, usually ratlier numerous and free. Styles 3, distinct. Capsule 1-
celled, 3-valved, witli uaiTow-liuear placentas aud uumerous small seeds. — •
DC. Prod. i. 548 ; Labill. Sert. Austr. Caled. 53, t. 53 ; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm.
i. 53 ; F. Muell. Pl. Yict. i. 193; Ascyrum inmli(tum, Labill. Pl. Nov. Holl.
ii. 32, t. 174 ; Hi/pericum involutum, Chois. iu DC. Prod. i. 549 ; H. pedi-
cellare, Endl. in Hueg. Enum. 12; Brathys JJitlardieri and B. Forderi,
Spach, in Auu. Sc. Nat. Ser. 2, v. 367.

N. Australia. Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Browii.

Queensland. Moreton Lsland, F. Mueller.

N. S. ■^Vales. Port Jacksou, R. Browii ; Blue Mouutaius, A. Caiinlnijham ; IListings
and ClarfMfc iiv(M's, Bi'ckler.

Victoria. Coninioii in pasture lands as wcll as in barren locahtics throughout the
coloiiy, aj^rendiii^^- to the Austraiiau Alps, F. Mneller.

Tasmania. Abundant everywhere in good soil, / D. Hooker.

W. Australia. Swau Hiver, Drnminnnd ; Murchison river, Oldfeld. The latter
spcciineus reniarkable for tiicir elongated inflorcscence, with the ilowers mostly singly axil-
lary aloiig its branchcs.

Thc species in thc original forni, above dcscribed, is coninion also to New Zealai d and
New Caledonia. The S. Africau //. Lalandii, Chois., vvhich has becu referred to it, ajipears
to lue to diifer in several respicts.

2. H. japonicum, Tluint). Ft. Jap. 295, t. 31. Very nearly allicd to
H. (jramineum, aiid considered by F. Mueller as a varicty ouly. It is miich
less rigid and usually very procumbeut or dittuse, with asceiiding branches,
terete or scarcely anghul. Leaves smaller, flatter, aiid more obtuse, not so
broa(i at the l)ase. Flowers smaller, on shorter pedicels, the sepals less acute
and the petals very seldom exceeding them. — UC. Prod. i. 548; Hook. f.
FL Tasm. i. 53 ; Jscijrou humifasum, Labill. PI. Nov. Hoil. ii. 33, t. 175 ;
//. pusillum, Ciiois. in HC. Prod. i. 549 ; Brathys humifusa, Spach, in Ann. Sc.
Nat. scr. 2, v. 367.

N. S. TVales. New EiiLiland, C. Slnart ; Ilastinijs, Macleav, and Clarence rivers,

Ber/cler. ' ^ .

Tasmania. Abnndant in hilly, huniid situations throughout the islaiid, /. B. Hooker.
S. Australia. Torrcns aud Unliapariuga rivers, /'. Mneller.

Tlie spccics is widely sprcad over tropical aud easteru Asia, c.xtcnding froni Japan to New
Zealaud.

XX. GUTTIFER/E. 188

Order XX. GUTTIFER^.

Flowers regular, usually dicecious or polygaraous. Sepals 2 to 6, or rarely
niore, much iuibricate or iu decussate pairs. Petals 2 to 6, rarely more, iui-
bricate or coutorted. Male fl. : Stameus usually iudefiuite, free or variously
united ; anthers achiate, iuuate, or sometiraes irauiersed in the mass of fila-
ments. Ovary none, or rudimeutary, or more or less developed. Female or
herma])hrodite fl. : Staminodia or stamens usually fewer and more free than
iu the males. Ovary 2- oi" niore-celled, rarely l-celled, with 1 or more ovules
in each cell, erect from the base or attached to the central augle. Stigmas
as many as cells, radiatiug or uuited into oue, sessile or raised on a simple
or rarely branched style. Fruit usually fleshy or coriaceous, indehiscent or
openiug septicidally iu as niany valves as cells. Seeds thick, ofteu arihate,
witliout albumen. Eudjryo filling the seed, often apparently horaogeneous,
cousistiug either of a fleshy radicle, with miuute or without any cotyledons,
or of thick fleshy cotyletlons, with a very short, usually inferior radicle. —
Trees or shrubs, exuding a yellow, resiuous juice. Leaves opposite or rarely
verticillate, thickly coriaceous and eutire. Flowers terminal or axillary, soli-
tary, clustered or iti trichotouious cyraes or pauicles.

A tropical Order both in the New and in Ihe Old World, represented ia Australia Ijy a
single species, appareutly ideutical with a common Asiatic one.

1. CALOPHYLLUM, Linn.

Flowers polygamous. Sepals aud petals together, 4 to 12, imbricate in 2
or 3 series. Stameus iudefiuite, free or nearly so ; filaments shortly filiibrm ;
anthers ovate or oblong, 2-celled, opcniug lotigitudinally. Ovary 1-celled,
with a siugle erect ovule ; style elongated, with a jieltate stigma. Drupe in-
dehisceut, with a crustaceous eudocarp. Seed erect, ovoid or globular, the
testa thiu, or thick and hard, or spongy and then often adhering to the endo-
carp. — Trees, with the leaves marked with numerous closely parallel, trans-
verse veins.

The geuus is tropical, chielly Asiatic, with a few American species.

1. C. inophyllum, Luui. ; W. and Arn. Prod. i. 103. A glabrous
tree. Leaves ])etioIate, broadly obloug or obovate-oblong, rounded at the
apex, about 6 in. long in well-grown specimeus. Eaceiues iu the ujiper axils
nnicli shorter than the leaves, loose. Flowers large for the genus, on long
])edicels, the buds neaily globular. Sepals 4, the 2 inner ones more petal-
like than the outer ones. Petals 4, longer than the calyx. Stamens more
or less united at the base into 4 (or more ?) bimdles. Fruit globular, the
size of a plum. — Wight, Ic. t. 77 ; Planch. and Tri. in Ann. Sc. Nat. Par.
ser. 4, XV. 282.

Queensland. Percy Tslands, A. C/nuuni/hani. From the Burdekin Expedition, iZ?;-^.
Miic/ler. The latter specimeus cousist only of some young seedlings in leaf only, and 2
fruits. These arc about 14 in. dianicter, tlie thick, hard, ahnost corky testa of the secd
adhcringto the (■ndocarp. Kmbryo uearly globular, apparcntly homogeneous, slightly tonical
at the end furthest froui thc hilum. That this is the radicular end is shown by the remains
of tiie secd still attached to one of the seedling phmts. Whether the position of the radicle
turned away froni the hilura is accidental in that one fruit, or general iu tlie species or variety,
canuot be determined withont further fruituig specimens. Cunningliam's are in flowerouly.

IS-t XXI. iMALVACE.B.

Order XXI. MALVACE^.

Flowers regular, usually hennaphrodite or rarely partially dioecious or
polvgamous. Sepals 5, rarely 3 or 4, raore or less united in a lobed or entire
calyx, the lobes valvate or very rarely slightly iiiibrieate. Petals 5, hypo-
gvnous, usuallv aduate at thc base to the staiuinal colunin, contorted in the
bud, rarelv wauting. Stameus indctinite, hypogyuous, niore or less united at
tlie base, the colunin divided into filaments at the top or bearing the fila-
ments outside, below or up to the top. Anthers tVom globose to linear, ofteu
reniform or variously waved, l-celli;d or spuriously divided into two cells by
a tliin and incomplete longitudinal septum. Torus small or conical and pro-
trudiug into the centre of the ovary, not expauded into a disk. Ovary 2- or
more-eelled (very rarely reduced to a single carpel), entire or lobed, tlie car-
pels verticillate round the axis or (in genera not Australian) irregularly clus-
tered. Style simple at the base, divided at the top into as many or twice as
niany braiiches or stigmas as there are cells, or rarely entire and clavate.
Ovules 1 or more in eacli cell, ascending or horizontal, with a ventral or
superior raphe, or revers^d and pendulous, with tjie raphe dorsal. Fruit dry
or rarely baecate, the carpels separating and iudehiscent or 2-valved, or united
in a loeulicidally dehiscent capsule. Seeds with the testa usually crustaceous,
vvithout or with vcry little albumen ; cotyledons usually folded and often en-
closiiig the curved or rarely straight radiele. — Herbs, shrubs, or soft-wooded
trees, the hairs usually stellate. Leaves alternate, mostly toothed, lobed ov
divided, with j-jalmate nerves or divisions, rarely digitately conipound. Sti-
pules frec, usually subulate or small and deciduous, rarely leafy. Peduncles
usually l-llowered and articulate above the middle, rarely bearing a bract at
the joint or several-flowered, all axillary or the upper ones forming a terminal
raceme or paniele. Bracteoles either uone or 3 or more, free or united, form-
ing an involucre close to or adherent to the calyx. riowers often large,
iisually purple, red, or yellow.

A laige Ordcr generally dispcrsed ovcr all except tlic eoldest rcgions of the globe, dis-
tinguishcd frora Sterculiacefe and Tlliacfice by the 1-ceilcd antiiers, and from all others by
the valvate ealyx and nioiiadelphous hypogynous sfameus. Of the 15 foliowing geuera, 11 are
more or less tropieal, (i 1)eiug couiniou to tlie warmer rc^ions of both the New and the Old
A\orId; 3, Malvaslrurn, Paro/tia, and Fugosia, chiclly Ainerican, or American and Alrlcau,
bnt not Asiatic; aud 2, Thcsprsia and Adansonia, kWwAW and Asiatic. Lavatera is a
]\Ied!tcrrauean form, rc))iescnted by oue spccies in extratropical Australia, the reinaining
thrcc are endemic or nearly so, Tlayianthus behig also rcpieseuted iu New Zealand aud
Lagunaria iu Norfolk Island.

TiuBE I. Malvese. — Slaminal colnmn bearing filamenis to the summit. Stgle-branches
tlie same numbcr as ovarij-cells. Matiire carpels seijaraling niore or lessfrom the axis {ini-
ferfi-cllij so iii Howittia and some Abutila).
Ovnles solitary in each cell, aseending with a veutral raphe.
Styic-branches lined with dccurreut stigmas.

Hracteoles 3 to fi, uuited at the base 1. Lavateua.

Biacfeoics 3, distinct Malva (p. 186).

Stigiuas terminal, capitate or trnucate. Bracteoles 1 to 3 dislinct,

or nonc 2. MAi.vASTRUjr.

Ovules solitary in cach cell, pendulous or horizontal with a dorsal raphe.
Bracteoles none.
Slyles with decurrcnt stigmas. Flowcrs more or lcss diwcious . . 3. Plagianthus.

XXI. MALVACE.?!;. 183

Stigmas terrainal, eapitatc, or truucate 4. Sida.

0\ nles 2 or more in eacli ccll. Braeteoles iione. Stigmas tcrminal.

Capsule 2- or 3-cellt'd, loculicidal, the carpels scarcely separatina;. . 5. Howittia.
Capsule 5- to 20-celled, separating or eoheringat least till the sced has

shed G. Abutilon.

Tkike II. Urenese. — Staminal coliimn truncate or a-ioothcd at the summit, bearhig
the anthers or filameiits on the outside. Stjle-ljranckes twice the numljer of carpels,
Carpels l-seeded.

Bracteolcs 5, united at the basc. Carpels muricate or glochidiate . 7. Urena.

Bracteoles 5 or more, usually free. Carpels reticulate or smooth . 8. Pavonia.

Tkibe III. Hibiscese. — Staminal column truncate or ^-toothed at the svmmit, bear-
ing the anthers or filaments on the outsile, or rarely at the snmmit also. Style-branches
or stiipras the same number as ovary-cells. Carpels united in a several-celled capsule,
loculicidal or indehiscent.

Style branched at the top or with rad''ating stigmas. Ovary 5-cclled.
Bracteoles 5 or more, free or unitcd (sometimes very dceiduous).

Hairs or tomeutum stellate 9. Hibiscits.

Bracteoles 3 (sonietimes very deciduous). Tomentum of scurfy scales 10. Lagunaria.
Style undivided, with decurrent stigmas.

Bracteoles 3 to 5, narrovv, not eordate, sometiraes very small.

Ovary 3, 4- or rarely 5-celIed. Capsule coriaceous, loculicidal . 11. Fugosia.
Ovary 5-celled. Capsule vvoody, sometimes indehiscent . . . . 12. Thespesia.
Bracteoles 3, broad, eordate 13. Gossypium.

Tribe IV. Sombacese. — Staminal column, in the Australian genera divided at the
top into nnmerous filamenfs, in other genera the filaments or anthers variously arranged.
Style undinded, or with very short stigmatic lobes as many a-s ovary-cells. Carpels united
in a loculicidal or indehiscent capsuIe.—A large tropical tribe, difiicult, to disiingnish.from.
arborescent Hibiscea by a gcneral character, althouyh each genus has peculiarities not
■found among H.ibiscece.
Calyx entire in the bud, aftervvards 3- to 5-eleft, large, woody, fiUed

witii mcaly pulp. Lcaves digitate 14. Adansonia.

Calyx truncate in the bud, aftcrwards 3- to 5-eleft. Capsule 5.valved,

deusely wooliy inside. Leaves digitate 15. Bombax.

1. LAVATERA, Liiiii.

Bracleoles united into,a 3- to 6-cleft involucre. Calyx 5-lobed. Staminal
coluinn divided to the top into several iilauients. Ovary-cells indefinite, 1-
ovulate. Style-branches of the same number as cells, liliform, stigmatic
along the inner side. Fruit-carpels iu a depressed circle, indehiscent, verti-
cillate round the torus or axis, wldch is usually prominent beyoud them,
either conical or variously dihited above them. Seed ascending. — llerbs,
slirubs, or trees, toraentose or hirsute. Leaves augular or lobed. Flowers
pedunculate, axiUary or in a termiual raceme.

The grcater nnmber of spccies are from ^Vesteru Europe or the Mediterrauean region,
one exteuding into central Asia ; there are also two froni thc Canary Islands, bcsides the
subjoiued Australian speeies, which is enderaic, but nearly aliied to one of the European
oues.

1. L. plebeia, 8ims, in Bol. Mag. t. 2269. A coarse, erect herb, be-
coming woody at the base and attaining the height of 5 to 10 ft., raore or
less scabrous or softly tomentose with miuute stcllate hairs. Leaves ou long
petioles, orbicidar-cordate, .5- or 7-lobed, ihe lower ones sometimcs attainiiig

186 XXI. MALVACEiE. [Lcwalera.

6 in. (liameter, the upper ones 1 to 2 in. ; tlie lobes short, broad, very ob-
tiise and crennte, the central one of the upper leaves often lontijer than the
others. Stipules narrow-knceoLite or trianguhn-. Pcdicels axiUary, usually
chistered, rarely soHtary, souietimes very short and rarely exceediug 1 in.
luvolucre decply 3-lobed, t!ie lobes ovate, obtuse, shorter than the 5-lobed
calvx. Petals pale rose-colour or whitish, 1 to 1|- in. long. Carpels of the
fruit 6 to 1.5, in a close ring, with flat backs and sharj) angles, the receptacle
protruding frora the ceutral depression as a small conical point. — DC. Prod.
i. 439 ; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 47 ; F. Muell. Pl. Viet. i. 166 ; Malva Be/ir-
iann, Schleelit. Linnfea, xx. 633 ; Lavatera Behriana, Schlecht. 1. c. xxiv. 699,
and xxvii. 527 ; Malca Preissiana, Miq. in Pl. Preiss. i. 238.

N. S. Wales. In the iuterior, "W. of Peers range, A. Cunningham ; Darlinc: and
Laclilan rivcrs, Vuiorian Ejciiedltion ; comniou towards the Barrier Range, W. Wdls;
Paraniatta, Jlerh. MueUer.

Victoria. Along watercourses and in occasionall^ innndated de])ressions, scattered over
mauy parts of thc colouy, uiore frequent in the N.W. portion, F. Jilueller.

Tasmania. Ncar the sea at Woohiorth, aud in the islands of Bass's Straits, Gunn,
J. I). Hooker.

S. Australia. St. Vinceufs Gulf, Spencer^s Gulf, Lake Torreus, aud the country ou
the easteni side of the arcat Anstralian Bia;ht, F. Mneller.

W. Australia, Bnnnmond, n. 102 ; King George's Sonud, R. Brown, J. Cunninff-
ham.

The species is allicd to the European L. arborea, Liuu., which is liowcvcr at oucc knowu
by its large sprcadiug involucres.

' L. hmpida, Dcsf., DC. Prod. i. 438, a hirsute species with ncarly scssile ilowers forming
a iong tcrminal raceme or interrnpted spil<c, aud with hroad hirsute involucres, a natiye
of the Mcditerranean rcsiion, appears to bc uaturalizcd in sonie islands of Bass's Straits
(F. Mucller).

The geuns Malva, uow rcstrictcd to tiic species froin the temperate regions of Euro])e aud
Asia, is oniy di.stiuguishcd from Lavatera by Ihe 3 bractcoies beiug quite free, and thc rc-
ccptacle nevcr expandcd above tlie cnri^els. Four common Europeau spccics liavc bccome
naturalized as wceds in some of the colonies, viz. 1, M. rotnndifoUa, Liun., 1)C. Prod. i. 432,
with decuml)eut or prostratc stems, suiall llowers, petals not twice the lcnglh of tlic calyx,
aud car])cls usually about L5, roundcd on the back so as to form a disk-shaj^cd fiuit slightly
furrowcd on the margin bctwccn the carpcls ; 2, M. parvijlora, Linn., DC. 1. c. 433, like M.
rotnndifolia iii habit and small Howcrs, but the cai-|)els llat on tlic back wilh angular cdges,
so that the fruit has rathcr projecliug ribs thau furrows bctwcen the carpels ; 3, M. verti-
cillata, l.inn., DC. 1. c. 433, with erect stems, small flowers iu close clnsters, and the car-
])cls of M. jmrvifora ; aud 4, M. .v/lvestris, Linn., DC. 1. c. 432, with asceuding or erect
stems, large tlowers, thc pctals 3 or 4 times as long as the calyx, the carpcls augular as in
M . parviflora.

2. MALVASTRUM, A. Gray.

Bracteoles either uoiie or 1 to 3, suiall aiul distiuct. Calyx 5-l<^bed. Sta-
rainal coUimn divichd to tlie top into several tihiments. Ovary-cells 5 or
more, 1-ovulate. Style-brauchcs of the sauie number as the cells, tiliforui or
cbd)-shaped, with tcrminal small or capitate stigmas. rruit-carpels sececHiig
froui tiu3 .short axis, iuchOiiscent or sliglilly 2-valve(l, occasionally produccd at
the top into erect connivent beaks. Seed asccndiiig, reniform. — Herbs or
tiiulcrsln-ubs. Leaves entire or divided. Flowers red or yellow, shoitly pe-
duncnhilc or sessile, axillary or in tcrmiual spikes.

A considerable genns, chictly American, wilh a few South African s])ccics. The two Ans-
Iriiliau sjjccics are both Amcricau, biit now scattcrcd ovcr soine of tlic vvarmcr rcgious of the

Malvadnm.'] xxi. iMalvace.i:. 187

Old WorlJ. The geiius, formerly confoiinded with Malva and Slda, is readily distinguished
£i-oin thc foniicr by the styles, from the latter by the asceuding ovules and seeds.

Tomentum stellate. Fiowers mostly in a short terminal spike . . 1. M. spicatum.
liairs appressed, parallel. Flowers mostly axillary. Calyx broad . 2. M. tricuspidattim.

1. M. spicatum, A. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 22, and Bot. Amer. Expl. Exped.
i. l-i?. An erect branchiiig lierb of 1 to 2 ft., becomiiig abnost woody at
tlie base, scabrous or soltly tomentose with stellate hairs. Leaves petiolate,
ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acute or obtuse, 1 to 2 in. iong, irregularly serrate
or crenate, very rarely obscurely S-lobed. Flowers ratlier suiall, yellow, ses-
siie in a dense terminal spilce, rarely exceeding 1 to \\ in. in lengtli, and
often leafy at the base. Bracts narrow, sliorter tlian tlie calyx, usually 2-
lobed. Bracteoles 3, iiliform, closely appressed to tiie calyx. Calyx softly
pubescent, the lobes acurainate, and often bordered by lotig hairs. Petnls
about 4 to 5 lines long. Carpels 8 to 12, not close-pressed, angnlar on the
edges, pubescent on the top, without points. — Mulva spicata, Linn. ; Cav.
Diss. t. 20, f. 4; DC. Prod. i. 430; M. ovata, Cav. Diss. 81, t. 20, f. 3 ;
M. tinioriensis, DC. Prod. i. 430 ; M. braclnjstaclnja, F. Muell. in Linnsea,
XXV. 378.

N. Australia. Victovia river and Gulf of Carpeiifaria, T. Mueller.

Queensland. Broad Sound and Keppel Bay, R. Browii ; Brisbane rivcr, Fraser ;
subtropical iiiterior, Mitchell ; iloreton Bay aud Gilbcrt river, F. Mueller.

N. S. 'Wales. Clarence river, Beckler ; New Eugland, C. Stuart ; Darling river and
other parts of tlie W. iiiterior, Fictorian E.rpedition, iJallachi/, etc.

S. Australia. Flinders range, F. Mueller.

Tlie specics is comiiion iu tropical America, and has bcen fouiid also in the Cape de Verd
Islaiuls aiid iu Timor.

2. M. tricuspidatum, A. Grai/, PI. Wrijld , and But. Anier. Expl.
Exped. i. 148. An erect branching herb, 2 to 3 ft. lii.uli, hard and almost
woody at the base, although sometiraes anuual, the branches sprinkled or
covered with closely appressed hairs. Leaves on rather long petioles, frora
broadly ovate to lanceolats, 1 to 2 in. long, irregularly toothed, hairy.
Flowers yellow, almost sessile in the axils of the leaves, or clustered towards
tlie ends of the branches. Calyx broadly S-lobed, with 3 small, narrow, ex-
ternal bracts. Carpels 8 to 12 or even more, closely packed in a depressed
ring, each one reniform, vvith 3 minute unequal poiuts on the upper edge, 1
at the inner angle, 2 dorsal. — Malva tricuspidata, Ait. ; DC. Prod. i. 430 ;
Sida carpinoides, DC. Prod. i. 460.

N. S. TVales. Clarence river, Beckler. This species, probably of Americau origin,
is much iiiorc widely scattered over the warmcr regions of the Old World than the M . spi-
catum.

3. PLAGIAWTHUS, Forst.

(Asterotrichon««<^ Blcpharauthemum,A7otoc/i; Lawrencia, //<9o>?:.; Halolhamuus, F.Muell.)

Bracteoles none or distant from the calyx. Calyx 5-toothed or 5-Iobed.
Staminal colunin divided at the top into several filaments. Ovary-cells 2 to
5, rarely 1 or iiidefinite, 1-ovnlate. Style-branches as many as cells, filiform
or club-shaped, stigmatic along the inner side, either the whole length or
ncar the top. Fruit-carpcls 1, 2, or more, seceding from the axis, indehiscent

18S

XXI. MALVACE.E. [Fla(/'uail/iHS.

01- in-eaularlv bveaking up. Seed pendulous, witb a dorsal raphe.-Shiu!,s
or rareW lierbs Leaves entire or rarely lobed. Tlowers usually small and
wbite, 'more or less coinpletely dioeeious, axillary or ternnnal, usua!]y clus-
tered,' rarelv solitarv or in sliort panicles.

The Muus"is coufincd to Australia and New Zealand, tbe several species beiug in eacli case
cudcn ic t\vrs ?orn.erlv referred to Sterci.iiace., frou, a «istakcn v.ew of tbe authers
Itl owevcr nearly allied to Sida, with wbich F. Mueller proposes to innte the greater
u« nb«- of species, but tbe habit is diftcrent, the tlouers althongb generally prov.ded both
staraens^nd pistils, are neverthcless almost constautly d,oec.ous by aborfon, wb.ch ba
uot beeu observed iu true Sidas, and the character derived from the style ,s one of the most
coustaut iu Malcacece.

Sect 1 Plagianthus.— Crt/y.r campannJate, tlie avrjles nnf prominent. Skritbs often
tall Leaves herbaceous, riigose, serrate or crenate, gtabrous or ste.ttate-hamj.

Carpels2or3qo..lyus..allyripeniug) • • • ^; ^; «SL.

Carpels usually o '

Sect 2 Lawrencia {Wrenciata, k.Q'>x:).—Cahj.r xcith 5 prominent anr/tes. Herbs
or tortiiops shriibs. Leaves thick or smatl, entire or toothed ai the top, neartij cjtahous or
scurfy.
yiowers in dense terminal spikes. Erect herb, glabroi.s or slightly

stcUate-pubesceiit .% •,•.,• •,• ^- ^' 'l''"'^''''

Flowers axiUary, solitaiy or clustered, not spicate. Herbs e.tber gUi-
brous or sligbtlv stellate-pubescent.

Leaves cnncate-oblong. Flowers all sessile 4. P. gtomeratus.

Leaves small, orbicular or obovate, ou long pet.olcs. ISLilc flowers

ped.ceikue r i

Tortuous sbrubs, tbe herbaceons parts covered witb scurfy scales.

Stem-leaves pet.olate, often above 1 iu. long 6. P. sqiiamattis.

Stem-leaves sessile or uearlv so, rarely excecd.ng i lu. and mostly

uot i iu ■ "'■ ^- ^ntcroiihijtltts.

\. P. sidoides, Hool'. Bot. Mmj. t. 3396. A slindj of several feet or
sonittimes a small tree, tlie voung branches, under side of tlie leaves, and lu-
tloresceuce more or less covered willi a whitish or brown stelhite tonieutum,
somctimes very dense and floccose. Leaves from o\ ate-htnceohite to hmeeo-
late, obtuselv serrate, 2 to'3 or rarely \ in. long, rounded at the base, on pe-
tioles of 3 to 6 lincs, glabrons on the nppcr side wlien fuU grown, with uu-
pressed vcins. Flowers small, in short asiUary racemes, tlie males with a
broad carapanuhate calvx about 2 lines long ; stamens about 15, the tid)e ob-
scurely divided at the' top into 5 ckisters ; pistil small and barreii, ahhough
the ovary is ^-celled, with 1 pendtdons ovule iu each. In the females the
calyx is alvuost tubular, the petals scarcely longer and persistent, the anthers
smaU and barren, the pistil fuUy developed, the ovary 2-ceUed, the style-
brauchcs bairy at the base, mucb dihited from ibe middle upwards. Fruit-
cu-pels usually 1 only, apparently indehiscent, enclosed in the membranous
calvx ; when botb ripen tbev appear to sepavate.— Hook. f. FL Tasm. i. 49 ;
Bida dlwotor, Hook. Journ.'Bot. i. 250; Jsterutric/iou sic/oides, Klotzscb ni
Link, KI. et Otto. Ic. n. Ear. 19, t. 8; Flogiaut/iiiH Lamjjeiiii, Lindl. Bot.
Krg. 1838, Misc. 23.

Tasmania. Co.nmon in ravi.ies, etc, in the soutbci-u part of the island, B. Broicn,
J. 1). HnoJcer, and othci-s. ""

Tbe bark, full of strong fibre, is iiscd in Tasimmia as cordage.

Pl(ujian(ht(s.'\ xxi. malvace.e. 189

3. P. pulchellus, A. Gray, Bot. Amer. Expl. Exped. i. 181. A tall
slinib 01* small tree, either quite glabrous or tlie youiig- branclies and under
side of the leaves slightly scabrous with scattered stellate hairs. Leaves ou
rather long petioles, from deeply cor(hite-ovate to lanoeolate, often aciiminate,
2 to 3 in. or rarely longer, coarsely crenate, mostly membranous, glabrous above.
riowers small, clustered along the rhachis of axillary racemes, longer or
shorter than the petioles. Males pedicellate, with a broadly campanulate
glabrous calyx of scarcely \\ lines. Petals twice as long. Staniens near 30.
Pistil small and barren, although bearing ovules. Pemale flowers sessile,
with a small ovoid or almost globular calyx. Petals small and persistent.
Anthers small and barren. Ovary 5-celled. Style-branches much thickened
and stigmatic from about the middle. Fruit much longer than the calyx,
slightly tomentose, somewhat depressed, deeply divided into 5 distinct cocci,
which separate from the 5-angIed axis and at length open in 2 shoi-t valves.
— Hook. f. FI. Tasm. i. 49 ; Sida pnlchella, Bonpl. Jard. Malm. t. 2 ; DC.
Prod. i. 468 (character incorrect) ; F. Muell. PI. Vict. i. 161 ; Abutilon pnl-
chellitm, G. Don, Gen. Svst. i. 501 ; Blepharanthemum, Klotzsch, in Link, KI.
and Ott. Ic. PI. Ear. i. 20.

N. S. TVales. Hawkesbury river, R. Brown. Cox's and Macquarie rivers, A. Cun-
nitigham ; IUawara aiid Argyle couiity, Backhouse.

Victoria. Yarra river, F. Mueller ; Fitzroy river, Robertson.

Tasmania. Port Dah-yniple, R. Brown ; abuudant uear Lauuceston and on tlie North
Esk river, .7. B. Hooker.

Var. tomentosus, Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 49. More toraentose, especially the uuder side of
the leaves and calyces. Styles elongated aud sleuder. Cocci very tomenlose. — Sida pul-
chella, Bot. Mag. t. 2753 ; 5. tasmanica, Hook. f. in Hook. Journ. Bot. ii. 412; Plagi-
anthns tasmauiciis, A. Gray, Bot. Amcr. Expl. Exped. i. 181. Tambo and Buchan rivers
in Victoria, T. Mueller ; commou in Tasmania, Giinn.

3. P. spicatus, Benth. in Joiirn. Linn. Snc. vi. 103. A tall, erect,
somewhat fleshy herb, drying of a yellowish colour, and ghabrous or nearly so,
with a thick, hard, almost woody base, and but httle branched, attaining
somctimes 5 ft. in height, but sometimes only 1 or 2 ft. Leaves on long pe-
tioles, from ovate to ovate-oblong or cuneate, rarely exceeding 1 in., irregu-
larly toothed, 3- or 5-nerved, rather thick, the upper ones smaller and more
sessile, passing into leafy bracts with the stipules adnate. Flowers sessile, 1
to 3 together in the upper leaves aud bracts, forming a terminal leafy spike
sometimes a foot long aud very dense, usually shorter, with the lower flowers
distaut. Calyx 5-angled, about 3 lines long. Petals scarcely longer. Sta-
mens usnally under 20. Styles long and skmder. Carpels 5, glabrous, not
exceeding the calyx, very angular and reticulate, terminating in short conni-
vent points. — Lawrencia npicata, Hook. Ic, PI. t. 261 ; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i.
48 ; Sida Lawrencia, F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 162.

Victoria. Salt marshes, scattered aloug the seacoast, and subsaliue places of the N. W.
desert country, F. Mueller.

Tasmania. Fliuders Island, Bass's Straits, Gunn ; Great Swan Port, Backhouse.

S. Australia. At various points along fhe coast, R. Brown, F. Mueller, and others.

"W. Australia. Swau Pviver, Drumwond, Colf. 1 845, n. 302 ; Sussex district, Preiss,
n. 2381 ; Ilamdcu, Ctarke ; Port Gregory, Oldfietd.

Var. jmbescens. Spriukled with loose stellate hairs, and more brauching, with the spikes

190 XXI. MALVACEiE. \_Plnf/i(t)i1huS.

niore interruptcd at the basc, but always close at thc top. — N.W. iuterior of Victoria, and
in S. Australia.

4. P. glomeratus, Benih. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vi. 103. A glabrous or
sli^litly lioarv, (kciinibeut and mucb-branched hcrb, with ascending branches
often above 1 ft. high. Leaves cuneate-oblong, toothed at the end, resem-
bling tiiose of P. spicatns, but usually narrower and raore gradually narrowed
into the petiole. Flowers all axillary, usually 3 together and sessile, forraing
distaut clusters along the leafy branehes and never coUected into a spike, the
ends of thc branches all barreu. Flowers nearly those of P. spicaius, but
sraaller, and the stamens and styles much shorter. — Lawrencia glomerata,
Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 417.

S. Australia. S. coast, R. Brnwn.

W. Australia. Suan River, l)ru)nmond ; Port Gregoiy, Ohlfield (a hoary varicty).
F. Mucilcr unites this with P. spicaius, but I see no tendency to the spicate inflorcs-
cence so characteristic of that species, besides the geueral differeuces in habit aud foliage.

5. P. diffusus, J5e;///^. Herbaceons, much-branched, diffuse or prostrate,
sometimcs not exceeding 2 or 3 in., sometimes nearly 1 ft. long, but nuich
more slender than P. (jloineratns, glabrous or sprinkled with a few stellate
hairs. Leaves on long petioles, orbicular or obovate, rarely exceeding \ in.
in diameter, and often much smaller, coarsely crenate. Flowers axillary, 1 to
3 together, the males on pedicels of 3 to 4 lines, the females scssile. Calyx
broadly campanulate, slightly angular, not 2 liues long. Petals in the raales
mnch longer, in the feraales sniall and persistent. Staraens 10 to 15, or fewer
in the females. Styles of the females long and acute. Carpels 5, glabrous,
not exceeding the calyx, ending iu short connivent points, and not separating
very readily.

^ff- Australia. Svvan River, Drummond, n. 104, 137, and 246 (fcmales), and n. 275,
5/// Coll. (malcs).

C. P. squamatus, Benfh. in Jonrn. Limi. Soc. vi. 103. A rigid tor-
tuous shrub, the lcaves aud other herbaceous parts densely covcred with small
peltate, scnrfy scales, the young branches ol'ten simple and erect, 1 ft. long or
raore, the short ones rarely spinescent. Leaves oblong-Iinear, entire, the
larger ones above 1 in. long and narrowed into a long pctiole with small ses-
sile ones clustered iu their axil, the floral ones rarely exceeding \ in. Flowers
su.all, closely sessile in axillary clusters, not spicate'. Calyx uot 2 lines long,
very scurfy, with obtuse lobcs. Petals narrow, scarcely exccediiig the calyx,
and very small iu tlie females. Carpels 3, 4, or 5, thestyles protruding con-
siderably beyoud tiie calyx, the. stigmatic part somcwhat dilated and ending
in a loug point. Eipc fruit not seeu, but only 1 or 2 carpels appear to en-
large. — Lairrencia sipiamata, Nees, in PI. Prciss. i. 242.

N. Australia. Swau Kiver, Dnimmoiid, i/A Coll. n. lOG, Preiss, n. 1231.

7. P. microphyllus, P. Muell. Fragm. i. 29. Very closely allied to
P. sqtiamatiis, and similarly covcred with scurfy scalcs, but a lower, more
tortuous, and raore brauchcd shrub, the sraaller brauches slender and often
spincsccnt. Leaves frora linear to obloug-cuneate, rarely exceediug \ in.
and usually niuch smallcr, obtuse or 3-toothcd at the end, more or less
tapering at the base. Flowcrs small, sessilc or nearlv so, 1 to 3 together in

PhtgiatitJiHs.'] xxr. malvace.e. 191

tlie axils, iiot spicate. Calyx when in flowev not above \\ line long. Carpel
usually single, enclosed in the calyx and luenibranous as in P.sidoides. — Ha-
lothamnus microjjJii/llus, F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 159.

Victoria. Sandy, especially subsaline iiiland localities or in the so-called salt-busli coun-
try, thence cxtendiug through niany parts of the Murray desert, F. Mueller.

S. Australia. In the littorgl tracts, F. Mueller ; bays and islands, S. coast, R.
Broirn.

W. Australia, Brummond, Coll. 1843, n. 208, and UJi Coll. n. 252.

4. SIDA, Linn.

Bracteoles none, or small and distant frora the calyx. Calyx 5-toothed or
5-lobed. Staminal cohimn divided at the top into several filaments. Ovary-
cells 5 or more, verticillate, l-ovulate. Style-branches as many as cells, fili-
form or slightly clavate, with terminal, capitate or truncate stigmas. Frnit-
carpels either obtuse or with comiivent points, seceding from the axis, inde-
hiscent or opening shortly at the top in 2 valves. Seed pendulous or hori-
zontal, with a dorsal raphe. — Herbs or shrubs, usually clothed with a soft or
whitish stellate touientum. Stipules in all the Anstralian species except S.
HooJieriana , snbulate and deciduous. Flowers sessile or pedunculate, axillary
or in termiual heads, spikes, or racemes, of various colours and sometimes
large, but most frequently rather small, yellow, or whitish.

The genus, even as now limited to the exchision of the Abutilons, is large, and widely
spread over the warmer regious of the globe, but most abundant in America. Of the
Australian species three are eonimon tropical weeds, the reraaiuder all endemic.

§ 1. Ctthjx vntJiout prominent ribs or angles. Carpels strongly reficulate oii tJie sides
(except S. pleiantJia), indeJiiscent, or nearly so, never aristaie. Perennials or sJirubs.
Leaves undicided.

Flowers 1 or 2 together, on slender pedicels, articulate nuar the top.
Calyx-lobcs obtuse, not protrudiug beyond the broad part of the fruit.
Carpels strongly wrinkled on the back. Fruit 2^ to 4 lines

diameter 1. ^^. corrugata.

Carpels not, or very slightly wrinkled. Fruit not exceeding 2

lines diameter. Leaves and flowers very small .... 2. 5. intricata.
Calyx-lobes acute or scarcely acuminate, remaining herbaceous, and
not much eularged after flowering.
Leaves ovate or ovate-lanceohite, cordate at the base . . . . Z. S. macropoda.
Leaves lanceolale or obloug-lanceolate, not cordate .... 4. 5. virgata.
Calyx-lobes acuminate, with long, subulate, vvoolly points . . . 5. 5. crypkiojjetala.
Calyx-lobes enlarged and thinncr or scarious after flowering.
Leaves lauceolate or oblong. Carpels G to 8.

Fruiting calyx about ^ in. diameter, slightly spreading ; lobes

narrow, ovate-lanceolate fi. S. petrophila.

Fruiting calyx | in. diameter, very sprcading; lobes broadly

ovate, scarious 1. S. caIy.rJiymenia.

Leaves cordate-ovate or orbicuhir. Carpcls above 15. Fruitiug

calyx 2 in. diameter 8. S. pJiysocalyx.

Flowers chistcred, several together. Pediccls short, not articuhite.
Flowers neariy sessile. Tomentum deuse, or raiely scanty. Carpels

reticulate on the side 9. 5. subspicata.

Flowers pediccliate. Tomeutum thin or floccose. Carpcls not

reticulate ] 0. S. pleiantha.

193 XXI. MALVACE^E. [Sidd.

§ 2. CfihT o-ant/Ied, promhiPiitli/ \0-ri6l>rd. Carpe/s not reticulate on the sides, and
opetung in 2 sliort valoes at the top. Herbs or nndershrnhs. Leaves undivided.
Leaves ovate or narrow, whitish with a elose tomcntum on both sides.

Cai-pels 5 11. 5. spinosa.

Leaves ovatc or narrow, whitish with a close tomeutum underneath.

Carpels about 10 12. <S. rhombifolia.

Leavcs broad, cordate (or rarely narrow). Tomentum soft, loose, or

velvcty. Carpels about 10 13. S. cordifolia.

§ 3. Cah/.r ivith 15 or 20 nerves prominent when in fruit. Carpels numerous. Sti/les
free to the base. Leaves undivided.

Calyx enlarging little after flowering, open at thc top .... 14. 5. plaii/cali/.c.
Fruiting calyx very large, membranous, quite closed over thefruit 15. S. inclusa.

§ 4. Cahjx \Q-ribbed at the base, each lobe having also 2 intramarginal veins. Annual,
with deeplij-lobed leaves 16. 5. Hookeriana.

1. S. corrugata, Lhull. iu Mitch. Three Exped. ii. 13. Eootstock and
often tlie base 0!' tlie steni woody, tlie branches usnally diffuse or procunibent
and nnder 1 ft. long, or in some varieties elongated, slender, and divaricate,
attaining fuUy 2 ft., niore or less hoary as well as the leaves with stellate hairs
or short pnbescence. Leaves orbicuhir, ovate or lanceohite, crenate, mostly \
to 1 in. long, cordate or obtuse at the base, on petioles shorter than tlie
laminse, and sometimes very short. Pedicels axilhiry, 1 to 3 together, fili-
form or slender, rarely as long as the leaves, articnlate below the top. Calyx
tomentose, 2 to 2^ lines long, the lobes broad and obtuse, spreading under
the friut. Petals yelloAv, about twice the length of the calyx. Stamens 10
to 15. Fruit depressed-globuhir, varying from 2|- to near 5 lines diameter,
tomentose or nearly glabrous, the obtuse often-raised centre marked with
radiating furrows formed by tlie grooved connivent summits of the carpels,
the circumference deeply wrinkled. Carpels 6 to 10, indehiscent, strongly
reticuhUe on the sides. Seeds ghd)rous or sliglitly tomentose. — F. Muell. Pl.
Vict. i. 163.

N. Australia. Upper Victoria river and Sturt's Crcek, F. Mueller.

Queensland. Ou tlie IMarauoa, Miichell ; in the interior, Leichhardt.

N. S. 'Wfiles. Eroadland on tiie Hawl<esbiiry river, R. Brown ; dcsert land of the
intcrior froni FccFs rauge and the Bogau to the S. Australian tVontier, A. Cunningham,
Vrascr, Mitclteli and olhcrs.

Victoria. Desert tracts, basaltic downs and ridges from Bacchus Marsh to the N.W.
part of thc colony, V. Mueiler.

S. Australia. S. coast, R. Brown ; riinders range, J. Cunningham ; and N.W. in-
tcrior, Slm-i.

W. Australia. Bclwecn JMoorc aud Murchison rivers, Drummond, ^th CoII. n. lOC;
Pirk lIartog's Islaud, A. Cunningham.

Tbis plaut assumcs forms apparcntly so distinct that it is difficult to bclieve tbat sonic of
thcm ought not to bc cousidercd a.s spccies. lu attcmptiug, howcver, to fix tlieir limits,
so many iiitcrincdiatc spccimcns have presentcd themselvvs, that I feel compelled to
follow F. Muclitr iu uniting them uuder oue name. The followiug appear to be the most
marl<eil : —

a, orbicularis. Stcms short, dilTuse, and tomcntose. Lcaves orbicular or broadly ovate,
dceply and coarscly creuate, cordate at the base. Flowcrs and fruits rathcr large. S. cor-
rugata, Liudl. 1. c. ; 5. intersians aud S. spodochroma, F. Mncll. in Liunica, xxv. 383.
Chiefly in Victoria aud N. S. Walcs.

b, ovata. Stems usually more slcndcr and clongated. Lcaves mostly eordate-ovate,
wilh small aud rcgular ercuaturcs, often softly tomentosc. Pctiolcs oftcu short, aud some-

^'■^(''•^ XXI. MALVACE.E. 193

times very short llowers and friiits rather small. S.fihuhfera, Lindl. in Milch. Three
Ji-xped. u. 45 ; t^.fihfonms, A. Cunn. in Miteh.Trop. Austr. 3C1.— N. Australia (iududina;
a var with very short pedicels), Queeusiand, N. S. Uales, Victoria, and S. Australia
i^ pedmiculata k. Cunn. ms., IVom PeeFs range, is a reniarjvable foi'm, denselv tomentose,
^^■ith the ovver leaves 2 in. long, and the lower peduuclcs elougated, bearin- a leafless raceme
ot several fiowers, with rigid stipulary bracts; the infiorescence in the^^upper part quite
normal. ^. ^iematopoda F. Muell. iu Linnsa, xxv. 382, has smnller and less wrinkled
iruits, although stdl much more so than in S. intrlcuta, aud the fulian-e is ciuite that of the
present variety. "

c aiujustfolia. Stems slender, often nearly glaUrous as weU as the leaves Leaves
corddte-lanceolate, deeply toothed. Flowers and fruits small. Extends over the whole
nmge of the species and the only form hitherto fouud in W. Australia.-^. /unnillima,
1". Muell. lu Trans. Phil. Soc. Vict. i. 12, is a small hoarv form, with larger leaves, approaeh-
lug sonietimes the first variety. Some specimens of A. Cunuingham's from Dirk llartog's
island have the leaves more densely white-tomentose.

d. trichopoda. Like the last, but the lanceolate or oblong-linear leaves are never cordate
at tlie base, and the slender pedicels mostly esceed the leaves.— i'. trichopoda, ¥ Muell in
Liunsea, xxv. 384. On nearly the whole range of the species, excepting W. Australia.

e ffomocarpa, F. Muell. Foliage of the last var., but the fruit larcrcr, the ancrles of
each earpel bordered by vertical wiugs, forming on thc fruit as many very promiuent auales
as there are carpels. Naugavera in N. S. \A ales, Victorian Expedition.

2. S. intricata, T. Muell. m Trans. Phil. Soc. Vict. i. 19, and in Hook.
Keto Journ. viii. 9. This form also is now reduced by F. Mueller (Pl. Vict.
1. 103) to the S. corrugata. I am inclined ho\vever'to keep it distinct, as
the characters appear on the dried specimens to be tolerably constant. ' It
is a small or slender, very nuich branched tomentose undershrub, resembling
the var. ovata of ^S'. corrucjata in general characters, but Avith much smaller
leaves and very much smaller flowers, on short slender pedicels, the fruits not
above 2 hnes diameter, consisting of 5 to 8 tomentose carpels, not furrowed
at their points, and smooth or only very slightly wrinkled on the back.

N. Australia. Stony ridges of the Upper Vietoria river, F. Mueller.
_ N. S. Wales. From MoIIe's Plaius, A. Cunningham, to the Darling and Murrav
rivcrs, F. Mueller. ^

S. Australia. In the interior near Mount Hope, F. Mueller.

W. Australia, Brummond, hth Coll. n. 105.

3. S. macropoda, I. Muell. Ilerb. An erect, branching shrub, densely
clothed with a stellate tomentum, thick and often yellowish on the branches,
almost velvety on the leaves. Leaves ovate-cordate, obtuse, 1 to 2 in!
long, crenate, thick and soft, deeply wrinkled above, prominently veined \m'.
derneath. Pedicels filiform, sometimes exceeding the leaves. Calyx-lobes
acuminate or acute, closed over the fruit or spreading. Petals yellow, only
shortly exceediiig the calyx. Fruit 3 or 4 lines diameter, witli tlie radiating
stnae ui the centre and the carpels wrinkled on the back as in S. corrugata,
from which this species difters in stature, foliage, and the acute calyx-Iobes.

N. Australia. Summits of Sea range, head of Hooker's Creek, Arnhem's Land and
bulf of Carpentaria, F. Mueller. A specimen of LeichhardCs, from the Brigalow serub on
Bokhara Creck, appears to be the same specics.

Var. (?) cardiophytla, F. Muell. Tomeutum more dense, but closer ; leaves shorter and
nearly orbicular ; pedicels shorter.— Sturfs Creek, F. Mueller. This may possibly'be a
distiuct species, but the specimens are not sufBciently advanced to deteimine. lu other
specimens in youug bud only, these buds are sessile or nearly so ; the pedicel probably orows
out rapidly before the flower expands, and may sometimes remaiu very short ' °

VOL. I.

O

XXI. MALVACE.T.. ^ """

194

, . ir-/ 7 T.^„ ^««/r Sfil This rescuiblcs at
4. ^■r'^":^:l^^]^!^c.i^X«X^^i i" -e ■■espects
first sight, espccially ni tlie caves, j ./ eulavge as

some narrow-leaved forms of S. -^^^J^^^^J^^ ^^ c lattt, and the stcHate
in the former, and its obes a e ««^^^J^^^^^^j Xu fulvou;. It appears to
tomentum is dense and so t, ''^^'"«f^^^^^i^^Xs eaves shortlv petioh.te,
be an ereet shrub, -^^^^^«XreSldinn t obtuse a^
h-mceohite or oblong-hnear, o ten exceeain i " ' j , t ,.,,eiv as

kte, lcss tou.cntose above '^^'''^'''^''Ynl^^^^^^^^ the acute

long as the leaves. Calyx very to^^^ento.e not piom neutlv ,^^^^

lobes about as long as the cnp .^^^ f ^ {f^^^fji^ ^^^^^^^^^^ with the

varving iVon. 3 to 4 Imes. Pnnt abont 3 l^^^^^^!^;^^^^^^^^^ their radiatiug
centrc slightly projectmg Caa-pels l'^.^ ^ll''Z.My M.te ou the
summits scarcely furrowed, wrmkled on the back, stion^iy

'' N Australia. Sandstone table-laud of the Upper Victovia river, F. Mueller.
Queensland. On thc Maranoa; 31itchell

2. Australia. In the intcrior at Depo Creek^-^^^' J^^; . .^ ,,,,, tomcntose,

Var. fh.Totncha. Stcllatc han;s vcry tulvous. almost J^^ 'J^^. ^i,^,l, iu Liuuxa,

less wrinkled, the ccntre of Ihe truit more promment.-^. phcWtnclia,

XXV 382 lu the intcrior of S. Austialia.

F. Muell.)

fi S «etroDhila, T Muell. in Unnm, xxv. 381. A hoary tomentose
er^t tTli?^X ^vith the habit, ^^f-^:^^^^ S^
huvmm b,it the ftowers ave not iieavly so bi-oad tl,e ' "«^P™"" , , f :,.
*^:idtha,,ctc.pvesse.l.g.ob,,..v,t,,e,,eta.sl<,„J.t^^^^^^^

t::. z^-. £t«* "t^ «:?:%" "^ - - -

pelsare usnally about 7. T^n-nvn hills

N. S. Wales. Mount Caley, A. Cunninghara ; Pccfs rangc, Fraser ; Toguja h.Us,

Dailiug rivcr, r^Wm -E^J-^W/Z/ow. Torrens ^. Cmnmgham, F.

S. Australia. in.nders rangc, aud towards Lake 'o' '^"^' ^„, Spencer's Gulf.

3/«.//«-; belNvccn Stokcs range aud Coopcr"s Crcck, Mheela ; toward. bpencer

Warhirton.

7 S calvxhymenia, /. Gay, in DC. Prod. i. 462. An crect shrub

holv .h o.^n^Uh?stclhac tomcu[nm much eloser than in S. vir^.^, whu3b

£ sn cies -eiicrally rcscmbles in hahit and foliage. l.eaves shortly pc o-
? nc"late or oblong-linear, or the lower ones ovate-laucco ate, mostly

1 to H in. log, slightly toothed, obtuse at the base. Pedicels 1 to 3 to-

^^^^•] XXI. MALVACE.E.

195

filln' r. •! °'*'' V^'" *^'' ^^'"^^^^- ^""^y^ tomentose, not pronnnently
an^v ; '^^Panul^^te as in 6'. ..>^«^., but with the Jobes inore ob tns

t" bro d kolat''^^;"';,"'"" i'\'™'^ ^"-^^ ^P^-^'''^""^-' f""^^ * i- ^li--t"
t nn the.nb V 1 f ! ?" '^''^ transparent. Petals yellow, rather lono-e-
tl a the cal yx before it enlarges. Staniens 10 to 1 5. Fruit nearly "•lobular
M th a ra.sed eon:cal centre, the circnmference wrinkled and groove 1 betw en

prSe^i. ^:^^Tff-r sides.-^...w;..., isx^

8. S. physocalyx, F. Mudl. Fragm. iii. 3. A shrub denselv clothed
with a so t, woolly, ahnost floccose tomentum. Leaves petio ate coSatrovat
or orb.cuar very obtuse, 1 to 2 in. long, crenate, thick and ''0^^ Stiput
mnarkably long and fihtbnn. Flowers not seen. Frniting calyx pedra!

bioadl^ i3-iobed, the angles very prominent, so as to give the sides a cordate
form, expanding to 2 in. diameter. Carpels numcrou^s (above 5) "lab ons
5 Swt^ """"'^' '""""^^ "" ''''''-''''' ^''^^'-^^ke frui^t of abolu

N. Australia. Hammersley rai.ge, N.W. coast, F. Gregory^s E.vpedition.
9. S. subspicata, F Muell. Herb. An erect shrub, sparingly tomen-
to.e and green, or densely tomentose like S. vinjata and S. macropoda but at
once known by the mflorescence. Leaves from cordate-ovate to la^eolate
1 to^ in. long, obtuse, crenate, cordate or rounded at the base slio-htlv
wnnk ed above, with the veins prominent underneath, scabrou ^I 'tf ' ^
en.ely tomentose. Flowers small, nearly sessile, clustered or rarely solitarv
the upper clnsters formmg often an irregular terminal spike, with fe v mdl
floi^l leaves. Calyx not ribbed, the lobes acute, at least as long as t e ube
and closmg over the fruit, but not covering it. Petals nearly twic lon'
fetamens often under 10. Frnit nearly globular, but grooved between the
carpe s ; c.rpels 5 or 6, tomentose, reticukte on the side, but not ^'^k d
on the back, and not acuminate. iUMcu

M.f''^*''^"*- ^"^^ °^ (^'aiTentaria, K Brown ; Ilooker aud Sturfs Creeks, F.
Queensland Kcppel Bay, K Brown ; N.E. eoast, A. Cunmngham ■ Brisbane river
W. S. Wales. X.rkton, Upper Iluntcr r.ver, Backhouse ; C]arence riv^r, Becklcr.

.ntln 1®* P}^^^^*^^» ^- f "^^^^- ^^^''-^- A shrub or undershrub, with elon-
gated bianciies, green or hoary with a loose stellate tomentum, sometimes
tioccose. Leaves petiolate, the smaller ones nearly orbicidar, i in lono- ihe
rnTf'"?r'\' """ «^^te-lanceolate, 1 to 2 in., toothed, rounclcd or scmrely
co date at the base Flowers small, clustered several together, the pedicels
, *'' t 'f f.^""",' "^t articulate. Calyx broadly campanulate, when in flower
al.out l^ hnes lotig with ovate.acute tomentose lobes, somewhat enlarged
when m fruit, the lob..s broad, herbaceous, giabrous, and connivent over the

o 2

XXI. malvace^. L'''^'

196

S.:r;:n;Z^''^oo™rttLe„ U. c„,eU. C.,a. 7 .0 >0, „ot

reticulate ou the sulcs.

Queenslaud. Ve^k Bo^v^^^, R MueUer.

T- -nr Prnrl i 460 An aunual or sometimes

''■ ^: 'T"Zl SThe' baS wkh he J'bit aud mfloreseenee of the
perenuial, aud T^ ^ ^^j^^),Ua, but the whole plant, includmg both
narrow-leaTed fonus o .>. ™/ • ' tomeutum, which is soft and raore
sides of the leaves, whitish with a «^^""^^^^^^ Carpels ahnost always

dense ou the calyx. Leaves ^^•""^«^^^f.J^.^^^f^f ° '''; i,, l rhonMfoUa, often
5 onlv, more erect and less readily detaehed than n _^^^

slightly reticulate, awuless or w.th short ^^ --7^3??^^« L; Quail Island.
M The species is r>ot unconjmon -J^l -^^^^^^V.^^ent tubercular base, move dis-

shntb, very^vari^ie ^£'^;^'r^::\Z^ ^Z^y rep-esenting
ovate aud 3 ni. loug the ^^^^^;,^^''!" f ^'X" ' miuutelv tomeutose brauches,
themore spreading forms, with ragul vnga e "^ ^^ y/;^^
and small narrow leaves, rarely exceedmg j;^- ^^ ?^\ > J^ °^^^ ,l,,avs shortly
to uarrow4anceoh,te, or from nearly f^^^^^l^? '^'^i;'^^^^^^^^^^ undei'

petiohUe, toothed, nearly gl=^^^^«'^!, '-^^.«^f/^t ^^^ Jer han he petiole and
Seathwith a short tomeutum P^^^^^f^^ T^^^^^^^^^^ Fbwers rather

sonietimes as long as the leaf, f ^^^^^^^f ^^f ^| ^ prominently 10-

small, yellow. Calyx broad, S^^^^^^"^ ^^, ^^^^f ^ iJ^^^^^^

the top in two very short valves.

N. Australia. Port Essington, Jr,nsfronff.

Queeuslaud. Brisbauc river, P. i1/«^//^'-. Pavamatta introdncea from the

S. S. Wales. Blue Mom.tau.s ^^^-J, f '^"'^"^ J,^c i une of the commonest

Mauritius, and now a troublesome vveed ^- ^(^«J^ .irinc udes 5. reiusa, Linn., S. rhom-

not complete.

« j-r T T- , nn Vrn-I \ 464 A rather coarse, brauch-

o?i l^i^or arely ovate-lanceoh.te, 1 to \\ or rarely 3 tn long, -uaUy .oft
andt k Flowers small, vellow, on short axiUai-y loedicels «^ ^l^»^^"^ ";\°
^W Wv racemes Calyx 10-ribbed at the base, softly tomeutose Ca pels
ont 10 0 ometimes\ewer, su.ooth or sbglUly wrinkled, opcumg at the
1«; In 2 valves ll in the usuLl form terminating iu rather long ereet-conni-
vent awns.

Slda.'] XXI. MALVACE.*;. 197

N. Australia. Port Essington, Armstrong ; N. coast, Bynoe.

Queensland. Peak Downs, ¥. Miwller.

The specics is very abundant in almost all ti'opical countries, aad includes S. aUhaifolia,
Lain., aiid several other supposed species.

Var. (?) mutica. Carpels without the awns which generally distinguish the species.
The leaves are very soft aud velvety, but small aud uarrow, the specimens have, hovvever,
lost those of the primary branches. — Macarlhur river, Gulf of Carpeutaria, F. Mueller.

14. S. platycalyx, ~F. Muell. Herb. Shriibhy ?vnd densely clothed with
a soft floccose or velvety steUate tomentum. Leaves ovate-cordate or nearly
orbicular, obtuse, crenate, 1 in. long or more, soft and thick. Pedicels as
long as the lcaves, soft, articulate above the middle. Calyx broadly campa-
nulate, about 5 lines long, with a broadly obtuse base, the lobes erect or
spreading', shorter than the tube, densely tomentose outside, each sepal
marked with 3 prominent ribs, wlth another abnost equally prominent at the
junction of the sepals. Petals broad, shorter thau tlie calyx. Stameus very
numerous, the staminal tube ahnost truncate at the top. Carpels about 34,
closely packed iu a tomentose ring rouud the base of tlie styles, Avhich are
free almost to the base with small capitate stigmas. Fruit not seen.

KT. Australia. Sturt's Creek, F. 31>ieller.

15. S. inclusa, Beuth. A shrub, densely velvety tomentose or abnost
floccose. Leaves ovate or orbicular, often cordate, obtuse, crenate, mostly
above 1 in. loug. Flowers not seen. Pruiting calyx on peduucles of aboiit
1 iu., membrauous and inflated, above 1 in. diameter, tomentose, marked
with numerous longitudiual veins or ribs, the short lobes connivent, so as
completely to euclose tlie fruit. Carpels numerous, steUate-hirsute, echinate
with rather soft hirsute spines, forming a depressed orbicuhir fruit of nearly
1 in. diameter.

N. Australia. Hammersley rauge, N.W, coast, F. Gregorys E.rpediiion. This species
and S. plafijcali/.r are distinguished in the genus by iheir many-ribbed calyx ; as the oue ia
ouly kuovvu iu fruit, aud the olher iu flower, or scarcely past, the distinctiou between the
tvvo cauuot be established vvitli certaiuty, but S. plali/cali/.c certaiuiy shows uo teudency to
the siuguhir eulargeuieut of the culyx ot S. incltisa.

16. S. Hookeriana, Miq. in Pl. Preiss. i. 242. An erect or decum-
beut annual, 1 or rarely 2 ft. high, ghibrous or with a few small scattered
hairs. Stijxdes narrow-ianceolate. Leaves on long petioles, nearly orbicular
iu circumscriptioii, but deeply divided into 3 or 5 ovate or cuneate deeply
tootlied lobes. Fiowers small, white, usually 2 together, one on a long pe-
dicel articidate near the top, the other nearly sessile. Calyx 5-ribbed, gla-
brous or nearly so, campanulate when in flower and about 2^1ines long ; vvhen
iu fruit broadly spreading, as in Anoda, about \ in. diameter, with broadly
ovate lobes, the ribs on reachiug the sinus dividiug into iutramarginal veins
along each lobe. Petals about as long as the calyx. Staminal tube sleuder.
Fi'uit depressed-orbicular, about 3 liiies diametei*, the centre not promiuent,
ghibrous and smooth. Carpels about 10, not awned, witli very thiu sides,
leaving, when tliey fall, their dorsal flliform nerves attached to the column. — ■
S. leiopJdoia, Miq. in PI. Preiss. i. 241.

■^V. Australia. King George's Souud, R. Brown ; Swan River, Drummond ; Rotteuest
I.sl.ind aud Wclliugton district, Freiss, n. 1894 aud 1896; Blackwoood and Vasse rivers,
Oldjield.

]98 XXI. MALVACEJi:. [Sida.

S. rupestris, Miq. 1. c. 241, whicli I liave iiot seen, nppears froni the desciiption to be
the sanie species with the young parts pubescent. S. Hookeriana is perhaps nearcr allied
in appearance to Modiola caroHniana than to Sida triloba, Cav., but dilfers from both in
the structure of the fruit; S. triloba is moreover a perennial, with differenlly-shapcd leaves
aud a dissimilar veuatiou of the calyx.

5. HOWITTIA, F. Muell.

Bracteoles uoue. Calyx S-lobed. Staminal coluiuu divided at the top
iuto several filameuts. Ovary-cells 3, rarely 4, witli 2 collateral ovules in
eacli. Style elougated witli as mauy exceediugly sliort brauches as cells aiid
large capitate stigmas. Capsule depressed-globuhu", opeuing loculicidally iu
3 valvts bearing the dissepimeuts iu their ceutre, rarely splittiug also septici-
dally. Seeds asceudiiig, reuiibnu. Embiyo^^nvolute with deeply 3-fid cotyle-
dons. — Shrub, with tlie habit of a Sida.

The genus is limited to a single endemic species.

1. H. trilocularis, I'. MueU. in Hooh. Keio Juurn. viii. 9, and Pl. Vict.
i. 167. ^. 4. A. tall, erect, savmeutose shrub, attainiug someliiues 20 ft., but
often much smaller, clothed with a rough steUate tomentum like that of some
Lasiopetala. Leaves sliortly petiolate, mostly ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, 1 to 2
in. loug, rounded or slightly cordate at the base, the margius recurved, eutire
or shghtly toothed, greeu, scabrous, and with impressed veius above, wliite or
yellowish, witli a deuser tomentum underueath ; iu luxuriant slioots they are
ninch larger, ovate-cordate or ovate-hinceohite, aud coarsely toothed. Stipules
minute and deciduous. Pedicels axiUary, shorter thau the leaves. Calyx 3
to 4 liues long, tomentose. Petals twice as long, purple or rarely white.
Stamiual column very short. Style often appareutly simple to the stigmas.
Capsule hirsute, shorter than the calyx. Seeds glabrous.

N. S. 'Wales. Blue iNlountains, R. Brotcn, A. Cunningham ; Valley of the Grose,

Miss Atkinson ; Wonboyn river, and near Twofold Bay, /''. Mueller.

"Victoria. Coast-ridgcs of Gipps' Land. /''. Mueller ; Victoria ranges, Wilhehni ; Mount
Arapiles, Daltachy ; Tattiara couutry, Woods.

6. ABUTILON, Gfertu.

Bracteoles none. Calyx .5-lobed. Stamiual columu dividcd at the top
into several filaments. Ovary-cells 5 or more, verticiHate, each wdth 3 or
raore, rarely 2, ovules. Style-branches as raauy as ceUs, fiUfonn or club-
shaped, with termiual stigmns. Fruit-carpels united at the base or entirely
seceding, rounded or angular or with diverging points (not conniveut) at the
top, openiug in 2 valves, without iuterual appendages. Seeds uearly reni-
form, the upper ones usually ascending, the lower oues peudulous or hori-
zontal. — Herbs or shrubs, rarely trees, usuaUy clothed with a soft stellate to-
meutum. Leaves usually cordate, angular or lobed, rarely uarrow ; pi-tioles
n^ually loug (except iu A. crispum). Stipules in all the Australian species
subulate aud deciduous. Plow^ers in the Australiau species axillaiy, yellow
or rarely white, th.e pedicels articulate above the middle or uear the top.

A large genus, distributed over the tropical and warni rcgious of the globe, chicfly

Abalilou.'] xxi. malvace/E. 199

American. Of the 18 Anstralian species, three are widely distril)uted over tropical Asia and
Africa ; one, A. AviceiDia, is Mediterraueau and Asiatic, but scarcely tropical ; oue, A. auritum,
extends only to the [udiau Archipelago ; oue, A. crispum, is couimon to both the Nevv and the
Old Workl, aud the remaiuiug 12 are eudemic. The geuus has frequently beeu uuited with
Sli/a, but the characters derived from the divergiug carpels with more thau 1 ovule iu each,
as coutrasted with thc couvergiug uniovulate carpels of Sida, are too coustant and convenient
to be neglected, in groups so very numerous iu species. The diiFei^ential chai'acters given to
several of the followiug species from the tropical regions, or from the deserts of the interior,
are as yet very unsatisfactory, owing to the imperfect state of many of the specimens, oftea
mere fragraeuts.

§ 1. Capsule truncate or concave at the top. Carpels (usualJy 2- or ^-seededj angulat'
pointed or awned at the upper outer edye, per.nstent, or rarely at lenyth deciduous leaving
the filiform placenta attached to the axis.

Carpels (usually 10 or fewer) uot exceeding the calyx-lobes, the
poiuts erect, or rarely divergent. Stems usuali-y (perhaps always)
shrubby.
Calyx-lobes shorter thau the tube.

Petals aduate high up the glabrous staniinal tube. Calyx

tubular, 1 in. loug \. A. tubulosum.

Petals shortly adnate to the pubescent Ijase of the stamiual
tube.
Calyx 1 iu. loug, campanulate, lobes acute, nearly as long as

the tube. Petals twice as long 2. A. amplum.

Calyx i to I in., lobes acumiuate or rather obtuse, spread-
ing, nuich shorter than the tube.

Petals above 1 in. long %. A. leucopetalum.

Pctals shortly cxceeding the calyx 4. .4. Mitchelii.

Calyx about ^ iu-, rather inflated, truncate, siauate, or with
very short obtusc lobes.
Petals very small. Staminal columu much longer thau the

calyx ?>. A. micropetahm .

Petals very smail or shortiy exceeding the calyx, the

stamiual cobimn uot loug 6. .4. cryptopetalum.

Petals twice as long as the calyx. Lcaves deeply lobed . 7. A. yeratiioides.
(The hist 2 species with more sleuder brauches and a
closer hoary tomeutum than A. micropetahtm.)
Calyx-lobes longer thau the tube or cup, aeumiuate.

Calyx-lobes very coucave aud promiueutly keeied. Carpels

about 10, scarceiy acumiuate 8. .^. otocarpum.

Caiyx-ribs or augies scarccly prouiineut. Carpeis 4 or 5, acu-

niinate 9. yl. snbviscosum.

Carpeis usuaiiy exceeding thc caiyx-iobcs, tlie poiuts often divergent.
Herbs usuaily tail, sometiuies hard, almost woody at the base.
Steras coarse aud erect. Leaves broadly cordate.

Capsuie trnncate. Carpels nunierous, the points very short.
Tomeutum close and deuse, usually without spreadiug
hairs.
Stipules small aud subulate. Flowers mostiy axillary . . 10. A. indicum.
Stipuies broadly semisagittate. Flowers in termiual leafless

racemcs or pauicles 11.^. aurituni.

Capsule truncate. Carpels about 10, vvitli long divergeut poiuts.

Pubescent or ioosely tomeutose 12. ^. Avicennce.

Capsule contracted aud auguiar at the top. Carpels uumerous,
vvithout poiuts. Tomeutum deuse, mixed with ioug spread-

iug hairs 13. A. yraveolens.

Stems rather slender. Leaves ovate or cordate-ianceolate. Capsule

truncate, with short divergent points 14. ^. o.rycarpnm.

200 XXI. MALVACE.E. [AbutUon.

§ 2. Carpeh foften 1 -seeded hy abortion) romded or atujled at the top, quite distinct,
and secediiig from the axis whenftilhj ripe (Gayoides, Endl.)
Carpels iiumerous (about 20), closely packed, very hirsute. Tall
herbs, with large, broadly cordate leaves.
Carpels angular at the top, leaving persistent filiform placentas . 13. A. graveolens.

Carpels rounded at the top, conipletely deciduous 15. A. muticiim.

Carpels rarely more than 10, glabrous or slightly tomentose, iiot
scarious. Leaves mostly cordate-orbicular.
Deusely velvety-tomentose (shrubby?). Petals shortly exceeding

the calyx 16. A. Cunninghami.

Low undershrub, shortly tomentose or pubescent, often with

spreading hairs. Petals fully twice as long as the calyx . . 17. 4. Fraseri.
Carpels 10 to 15, slightly hispid, eularged and scarious vvheu ripe.

Slender uudershrub, with cordate, often almost sessile leaves . . 18. A. crispum.
Distinct as the two sections are in sonie iustances, they are closely connected by A. grave-
olens, and some other intermediate species.

1. A. tubulosum, Hook. ; Walp. Ann. ii. 158. Tall and shrabby,
clothed witli a deiise, soft, close, or velvety tomeutum. Leaves deeply cor-
date, ovate or lanceokte, almost acuminate, crenate, attaining 3 to 4 in., very
soft and velvety. Pedicels niuch shorter than the leaves. Buds acuminate,
promiuent-angled. Calyx tubuhir, about 1 in. long, with 10 slightly promi-
nent ribs, softly tomentose, the lobes acumiuate, niuch shorter than the tube.
Petals (yellovv ?) ncarly f in. longer than the calyx, the claws adhering to
nearly the middle of the glabrous staininal column. Capsule angular, about
half the length of the calyx, softly villous ; carpels 7 to 10, strongly acimii-
nate on tlieir outer edge, containing each usually 3 seeds. — Sida tubuiosa, A.
Cunn. ; Hook. in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 390.

Queensland. Open woods on the Mooni rivei-, Mitchell ; Dawson river, F. Mueller.

W. S. Wales. Rocky whinstoue hills on Liverpool j)lains, A Cunningham.

Var. (?) breviflorum. Petals shorter and broadcr, but glabrous and more aduate than in
A. leucopftalum ; the specimen, however, scarccly sufficient for accurate determination.—
Dawson river, F. Mueller.

2. A. amplum, Benth. Tall and shrubby, the foliage aud iuflorescence
softly tomentose-hirjute, not so white as in the allied species, and apparently
somewhat viscid. Leaves deeply cordate, ovate, acuminate, crenate, 2 to 4 in.
long, soft but green. Pedicels shorter thau the leaves. Buds acuminate,
prominently angled. Calyx, when open, broadly tubular-campanulate, about
1 in. long, tomentose-hirsute, vvith 10 slightly promiuent ribs, the lobes
broadly lanceolate, nearly as long as the tube. Petals (yellow ?j ofteu twice
as long as the calyx, much broader than in A. tubulosnm, the claws adheriug
to the lower part only of the staminal column, and there very pubescent.
Capsule angular, softly villous, about half the length of the calyx ; carpels
about 5, scarcely acuminate.

N. Australia. Harding river, S.E. of Nichol Bay, F. Gregonjs E.rpedition. —
r. Mueller is disposed to consider this as a variety of A. tuhulosum, but tbe sliape of the
petals and their pubescent base are more those of A. leucopetalum, and the calyx is diflerent
from both. Further aud more coniplete specimens may, however, considerably modify the
circumscription of -4. ^«ii«/o*i</«, amplum, leucopetalum, and Milchelli, which are all nearly
allied to each other.

3. A. leucopetalum, T. Muell. Ilerb. A tall shrub, clothed with a
soft velvety tomentum like A. tubalosum, biit intermixed with long spreading

^butiloti.]

XXI. MALVACE^, 201

hairs on tlie branclies, ancl paler on the under side of the leaves Leaves
deeply cordate, from orbicular to nearly lanceolate, often shortlv acuminate
m-cgular y crenate or almost lobed, n.ostly shorter than in J. tubulomm
Mowers large and white, on short pedicels. Calyx broadlv tubular-campanu-
late, 2 to ^ in. long, lO-nbbed, scarcely acuminate in the bud, the lobes ob-
use or shortly acumuiate, siiorter ihau the tube. Petals niore than twice as
long as the calyx, adnate only to the pubescent base of the starainal tube
Capsule as m A tubalomm, but fully as long as the calyx-tube.— ^7^« leuco-
petula, F. Muell. Jrag-rn. ii. 12.

N. Australia. Hooker's Creek aiul Upper Victoria river, F. Mueller

c ' a ■ ^*^^^- ^^arner i'ange, Vicioriaa Expeddion.

S. Australia. Coopcr's Creck, llerb. Mueller.

4. A. Mitchelli, Benlk. Apparently shrubbv, clothed with a densc
sott, velvety tomcntum niixed with long spreading hairs. Leaves deeply cor-
date, orbicular or broadly ovate, often shortlv acuminate, U to 2^ in 'lono-
crenate, vcry soft and thick. Pediccls shortef than the petioles. Calyx can>
pnmdate, lO-nbbed aud somewhat 5-angled, 4 to 5 lines long, the acuminate
spreadmg lobes shorter than the tube. Petals (yellow ?) shortlv exceedin-.-
t le calyx pubescent at the base. Ovary-cells and style-branches about lo"
rruit not seeu.

Queensland. Gullies ii. the rau^jes ou thc ^raranoa, Milchrll. The i,la>.t has at (irst
sight the asped of ./. n>u(,c,nn, but ihe ealyx aud ovar.y arc quite dillcreut.'

\ar. {.) molh^simi. Tou>eutuui very dcusc aud soft, but without thc lou- haiis of the
other spcomcus. Stouy Kidgc, Milchell '^ "aiis oi tiie

ul^'f^\''"^i''f''l' l- ^l"'^!'; '» Liuna-a, xxv. 379, froin a specimcn without tlowcr
f.oin C.duaka, ^. Aus rai.a, /'. Mveller iu Ilcrb. Soudcr, aud froni the descriptioi "hTn
appears to be a form of A. Miichelli, with scmiaborlive petals. "escnptiou ^i^en,

5 A. micropetalum, Benth. Shndjbv, verv densely and softlv to-
n.entose or ve vcfy. Leaves deeply co.-date, acuminate, 2 to 4 in. lon- cre-
nate 1 edicels short, i.i the upper axils. Calyx loosely campanulate, almost
intlated, very shortly su.uate-toothed or almost truncate, 4 to 5 lines lono- to-
n.entose shghtly 5-angled and lO-ribbed. Petals, in some tlowers at kast
yery s.uall. btameus very nuu.erous, the slender coluran n.uch longer thari
he calyx. Capsule as loi.g as the calyx, truucate at the top ; carpels about
1 0 to 12, persiste..t, a.tgular or scarcely pointed at the upper outer edge.-
bula luicropdala, K. Br. He.-b. °

Queensland. Hijls about Shoalwater Bay, R. Broivn
N. S. Wales. Boweu river, Herd. Mueller {Uerb. R. Br. aiul F. Muell.).

J\\'''^^°^^^^^^'^' ^..i/«.//. Herb. Shrubby, but much mo.-e
sle.uler than the precedi..g species, clothed with a whitish tomentum, often
lutennixed on the young bra..ches with a loose pubeseence, the older brmiches
neaily glab.-ous. Leayes cordate, frora orbieular to ovate-Ianceolate, obtuse
crenate, often under 1 in., tl.e larger ones above 2 in. lo..g, so.neti.nes ob-
scu.-ely lobed, soft w.th a .-ather deuse velvety tome..tum. Pedicels rarely
exceeding the leayes and soraetimes ve.y sho.-t. Calvx about 4 to 6 lines
ong, somewhat intiated, softly canescent with 10 pro.niuent veins or ribs the
lobes much s.orter than the tube. Petals often very sraall, but soraetiraes
shortly exceeding the calyx. Capsule pubescent, about the lenoth of the

202 XXI. MALVACE.E. [JdulUou.

calvx-tube. Cavpels about 10, angulav ov sliovtly acurninate on tlie outev
edg-e. Seeds 3 ov fewev. — Slda eri/ptopetala, F. Muell. Fvagiu. ii. 11.

N. S. '^/Vales. Mount Murchison, Hnrb. Mueller.

W. Australia. Swan River, Dramniond ; near White Peak, Champiou Bay, Oldfield.

7. A. geranioides, Benth. A shvub, witb slendev bvanclies like A.
cryptopdalnm., lioavy witli a close vathev soft tomentum, without sjDveading
haivs. Leaves (k>eply covdate, ovate to ovate-lanceohite, obtuse, 1 to 2 in.
long, deeply S-lobed with tlie middle lobe nuich longev, all deeply cvenate ov
lobed, aud often cvisped. Pedicels axillavy, ^ to 1 in. long. Calyx ovoid,
inflated, above \ in. long, softly hoavy, with 10 pvominent veins ov vibs, abnost
truncate with vevy shovt obtuse lobes. Petals ueavly twice as long as tlie
calyx. Fvuit not seen. — Sida geranioides, DC. Pvod. i. i?'!.

W. Australia. Sterile islands, Bandin^s Expedition.

8. A. otocarpum, F.Mnell. in Trans. PJdl. Soc. Vict. 1855, 13, und hi
Ilook. Kew Jonrn. viii. 10. A tall shrub, densely clothed with a sol't velvety
tomeutum, the bvanches and petioles almost villous. Leaves deeply covdate,
orbicidav or bvoadly ovate, mostly 1|^ to 2| in.long, varely acuminate, crenate,
very soft and thick. Pedicels much shovtev than tlie leaves, often cvowded at
the ends of the bvanches Calyx 4 to 6 lines long, very prorainently 5-angled,
deeply divided into very conbave, almost boat-shaped, strongly keeled, acumi-
nate lobes, making the calyx intvuded at the base. Petals slightly exceeding
the calyx. Capsule villous, shortev thau the calyx-lobes, navvowed at the
top, depvessed in the centre ; cavpels about 1 0, vathev obtuse ov scavcely
pointed on the uppev outev edge. Seeds 3 ov fewev.

W. Australia. lu the desert ou Sturt's Creek, and on Gilbeit river, F. Mueller ;
Nichol Jiay, F. Gregori/.

Queensland. Stokes rano;e, Wheeler.

W. S. Wales. Mouut Murchisou, Bcdlachy and Godwin ; Barrier range, Mount
Gouiugbear, etc, Vldurian E.rpedition. lu these speeimens the tomentum is closer, the
Howers ratlier smaller, aud the capsule closeiy tomentose, with the carpels more acute thau
in the Westeru out-s, but tliey have the sauie rcmarkable calyx.

9. A. subviscosum, Benth. Appavently shvubby, with much of the
aspect of A. indiciun, but the bvanches, petioles, and pedicels gveeuev aud
clothed with a viscid stellate pubescence intermixed with longer hairs. Leaves
broad, deeply cordate, abruj^tly acuminate, 3 to 4 in. long, irregularly toothed,
softly but sparingly pubescent above, tomentose and whitish underneath.
Pedicels short. Calyx with slightly prominent angles, pubescent, deeply di-
vided into acuminate lobes about \ in. loug. Petals exceeding the calyx, but
imperfect in our specimens. Capsule shoner than the calyx-lobes, consisting
of about 5 erect carjiels, acuminate with vather long points.

Queeusland? Subtropical rcgions of the iuterior, Mitchell.

There are in Herb. Muell. tvvo shrubby Jbnlita, aliied to A. iadicnm, which it is difficult
to refer to any ofthe ahove species, but of which the specimens are insuliicient to characterize
as distiuct. With the foliage of A. indicum, tliey are said to be shrubby ; iu one, the touieii-
tum is close aud white without spreadiug hairs as iu A. indicmn, the other, vvith the same
tomeutum, has also long spreading hairs as in A. graveolens aai A. subeiscosum. The
fiowers and fruit in both are very ne:u- those of A. indicum, but smalier, and the carpels
fevver (about 10) and less hirsute. They are both from Victoria river.

10. A. indicum, G. Bon, Gen. S>/st. i. 501. A tall bienuial or peren-

j^bufilon.']

XXt. MALVACE.E. 203

nial clothed with a wliitish tomentura, usually verv close and short Leaves
cordatc-orbicular, irregularly crenate, toothed or almost lol^ed, usually acunii
nate attaniin- sonietinies 5 to 6 in., the upper ones much smaller l'c-
du-els shorter than the leaves. Calyx campanuLate, 5 to 6 lines lon-, an-
gular m the biid the nbs scarcely prominent Avhen iu flower, deeplv divided
into acununate lobcs. Pctals yellow, longvr than the calyx. Capsiile hairy
exceeding the caly.x, truncate, and attaining sometimes 7'or 8 lines diamet^r
at the top; carpels about 20, acute-angled or minutelv acimiinate at their
upper outer edge, likc all the prcceding species not readilv separating at ma-
'^'', •^'AArf' , T\ ^'''"^' ^" ^^^^' carpel.-iWa indica, Linn. ; DC. Prod i
4/ 1 ; Wigh . Jc. H. t. 12 ; S,da cmatica, Linn. ; DC. Prod. i. 470 ; JbuiiUm
astatic.im, &. Don, Gen. Syst. i. 503.

peL^XtSJ:;..yr'''' Cunaingham aud Cygnet Bay. A. Cunningka.n ; Gulf of Car-

The specics is widcly spread over tropical Asia and Africa.

11. A. auritum G Don, Gen. Syst. i. 500. A tall hcrb or perhat.s
undershrub, sottly ciotiied with a soft tomentum. Stipides broad, semi-
sagit ate oitcn 4 to 6 hncs long, and persistent. Lcavcs dceply cordate, acu-
muiatc, denticulate, 2 to 4 in. long, softly pt.bcscent-ton.entise above, white
unde.-.ieath. I lover'. .-ather small, of a brow.i-,x,klish yellow, on veiT sl.ort
jx-diccls, m a hnost lc.fless, ten..inal, b.-anchi..g racemes or panicles, with a
broad, wl.ilish dcc.duous, stipular bract under each pediceh Calyx ob-
usely ;j-a.iglcd, soltly tomentose, deeply divided into broad acuminate lobes
1 eu.ls ..ot tw.ce as lo.ig. Staiucns not veiy numei-cus. Capsule loi.oer tl.au
ll.e calyx, h.i-sute truurate ; ca.-pels nume.-ous, with sho.-t divaricatc- poiiits.
—bula a»rda, Wall. ; DC. P.-otl. i. 468; Bot. Mag. t. 2495.

N. Australia. Kcppel Bay, R. Brown ; Percy Island.!i. Cunuina/unn.

Ihe spceits is also foiuul m Java aud in the rhilippine Islaiids.

12 A. Avicennae, Grert,,. Carp. ii. 251, t. 135. A coarse, erect
bi-a..cl.u.g a..u..al, from l to 2 ft. i.igh, softly and more or less densely to-
iuc..tosc-pubcsee..t, without spreading hairs. Leaves b.-oadlv orbicular-cor-
date acu.nu.ate, ofteu 3 to 4 in. long, nearly entire or toothed, or obscu.-ely
loDed. llowei-s ycllow, rather small, on pedicels usnallv short. Calyx about
3 Imes long so.newhat longer when in fruit, rather prominentlv 5-ribbed
decply lobed. Petals excceding thc calyx. Capsule exceeding' the calyx'
pubesceut or hirsute, truncate, a.id often f in. dia.neter at tl.e^op- carpV-ls
usually iO to 15 with subulate divergi.ig points, persistc.t tiU after the seeds
are tallen and then leaving at least the flhfo.-m placentas attaehed to thc
ux.s.— 6<r/« Abntilon, L.m.. ; DC. Prod. i. 470; F. Muell. Pl Vict i 164 •
Abutihn B,hrian,m, F. Mucll. in T.-ans. Pl.il. Soc. Vict. 1855, 13, and i.i
iiook. kew .lourn. viii. 10.

N. S. Wales. On the Dailing aiid manv of ils tributnries, F. Muellcr

yictona. Dry beds of lagoons adjoining the Murray, F. Mueller.

S. Australia. C()opcr's Crcek, Wright.

A native of the Mediterranean region aud of the ueighbouring districts of Asia, also pei-
tiaps of northeru China aud Ainui-land, where it is said to be cultivated for tcxtile nurnosc.
It has also iiaturalizcd itsclf as a wccd ovcr n.aiiy parts of Asia, Africa aud N. Amcrica and

204. XXI. MALVACE.E. [Jbutilon.

includes J. califormcnm, Benth., and Sida tilicpfoUa, Fisch. The Australiau plaut is be-
lieved to be indigeuous.

13. A. graveolens, W. and Arn. Prod. Fl. Pen. Ind. Or. i. 56. A
coarse annual or perliaps perennial, from 1 to 5 ft. high, clothed with a viscid
strong-scented tomentiim, intermixed, especiallyon the branches and petioles,
with long spreading hairs. Leaver broadly orbicuhar-cordate, resembling
those of J. Aviceunoi, but softer. Flowers yellow, rather large, on pedicels
about as long as the petioles. Calyx about 5 lines long, deeply divided into
acuminate lobes, each with a prominent mi(h'ib. Petals twice as long. Cap-
sule exceeding the calyx, 8 to 10 Unes diameter, hirsute, contracted at the
top so as to approach in form tliat of A. muticum, and the carpels are nu-
merons arul closely ])acked as in that species, but anguhir or very shortly
poiuted at the top and less deciduous, gencrally leaving the filiform phnccutas
attached to the axis, the species thus connecting the true Ahatila with the
section Gayoides. — Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. i. t. 3 ; Sida (jraveolens, Eoxb. ;
DC. Prod.'i. 473.

Queensland. Piper's Island, off the N.E. coast, M^GiUujray.

The species is vvidcly spread over East ludia aud tropical Africa. The petals have ihere
usually a dark spot at the base vvhich does uot appear iu our Australiau specimens.

14.. A. oxycarpum, F. Mnell. Herb. Herbaceous, ditfuse or erect, at-
taining 2 or 3 ft., clothed witli a close tomentum or soft velvety pubescence,
sometimes abnost hirsute, the branches usually slender and divaricate. Leaves
froni cordate-ovate to ovate-lanceolate, crenate, obtuse or acuminate, 1 to 3
in. long. Pedicels shmder, often 2 together, 1 to 2 in. long. riowers small,
yellow. Calyx deeply cleft, about 2 lines long. Petals not twice as long.
Capsule closely tomentose or pubescent, about 4 lines loug, truncate and
somewhat dilated at the top ; carpels rarely above 10 and often much fewer,
with short divaricate points at the outer angle, not separating till the seeds
shed, and then leaving the filiform placentas attached to the axis. Seeds 2
or rarely 3. — Sida oxycarpa, P. Muell. Fragm. ii. 12.

W. Australia. Fitzroy and Mackenzie rivers, F. Mueller.

Queensland. Keppcl Bay, R. Brown ; Brisbane river, Fraser, F. Mueller ; Rock-
hainptou, Tlin~rl.

N. S. Wales. Portland Ilead aud Richmoud district, R. Brown ; from Hastiugs
nver, B/'ci:/er ; Clareuce river, Wilcox ; to IUawara, jB«cX.-//o«*e ; and iu the iuterior to the
Blue iSIountains, Miss Atkliison ; Liverpool plaius, A. Cunninyharn ; Macquarie river,
MUcliell , \)m\\n% river, F. Miieller.

"W. Australia. Swan Uiver, Driimmond.

There are two princi])al forms iu onr herbaria : 1, acaiatiim, softly tomeutose, pubesceut
or aluiost hirsute ; leaves ovate-lauceoiate, or lauceolate, acnminate ; the most commou
Brisbaue aud N. S. Wales form ; aud 2, incanum, tomeutum close and vvhite ; Icaves broadly
cordate-ovate, obtuse or acuininate ; chiefly wilhin the tropics and iu the vvest. Both are
readily recognized by the small calyx, usually not half so long as the capsule.

Var. (?) malvcefoliinn. Less tomeutose, but hirsute vvith long spreading hairs. Lcaves
cordate-ovate, vcry obtuse, crenatc, and more or less distinctly 8-Iobed. Sepals alniost as
loug as the carpels. — Mount Murchisou in N. S. Walcs, Ballachi/. This may prove to be a
distiact species.

15. A. muticum, G. Bon, Gen. Si/d. i. 503. Tall and erect, with the
habit of A. (jruveolens, with which it is often confounded, but differs in the
fruit. Tomentum dense and soft, but not usually mixed with spreading

Adidilon.] xxi. malvace-^. 205

hairs. Leaves cordate-orbiciilai', often acuminate and irregiilarly toothed, 2
to 3 in. diameter, thick and soft. Pedicels rarely exceeding the petioles.
Calyx ^ in. long, the lobes eqnal to or longer than the tube, the ribs not
very prominent. Petals not twice as long, often with a dark base as in
^. graveolms. Capside longer than the calyx, depressed-globuhar with a
concave centre, 7 to 8 lines diameter, densely villous ; carpels about 20,
closely packed, rounded or veiy obtuse at the top, and separating completely
without k-aving the persistent placentse oi A. graveolens. — Sida nmtica,\)G\\\. ;
DC. Prod. i. 470.

Queensland. Keppcl Bay, R. Brown ; Percy Island, A. Ciinnbigham ; Sourccs of the
Burdckiii anJ on the Davvson, F. Mueller ; Roakhanipton, Thozet.

The spccimens are not complcte, but agrec wcU with those from tropical Africa, whcre the
S])ecies is couimon, and gcneraliy referrcd to A. asiaticioii, but is not Sicla asiatica of Lin-
uiuus. 6'. tomentosa, Hoxb., appcars to bc an E. ludiau form of the same spccies, witli the
touuMituin niixcd with spreading hairs as iu A. graveolens, from which it canuot always
bc distinguishcd witiiout good fruit. It is tliis forui which is represented as &V/a ^/-ar^fo-
lens, Moi. .Mag. t. 4134.

16. A. Cunninghamii, Benth. Allied to J. Fraseri, l)ut apparently
sliruliby, much brauclied, aiid (hMisely clothed with soft, short, bnt rclvety to-
meiitiuii, without sj^readiug liairs. Leaves cordatc-orbicular, very obtuse,
crenate, 1 to 2 iu. diameter, thick and soft. Flowers on rather long pcdun-
clcs in the upper axils. Calyx 4 to 5 lines long, densely tomentose, decply
divi(h'(l iuto brotid aciiminate lobes. Petals about ^ in. long. Carpels 10 or
fewcr, disliuct and secediiig compkUcly from the axis, rounded at the top,
densely but closely toraentose, and not scarious.

N. Australia. Euderby Island, N.W. const, A. Cunningham ; Albert river, Ilenne.
Queenslaud. Estuaiy of the Biydekin, Ilerb. Mueller.

17. A. Fraseri, Tlook.; Walp. Ann. ii. 158. A low branching under-
shrub, rarely cxceediug 1 ft., shortly tomentose or pubescent, with louger
hairs occasionally intermixed. Leaves cordate, from orbicular to ovate, cre-
nate, often all uiuUt 1 in. diaraeter, but sometimes \\ in. Pedicels rarely
exceeding the petiok's. Flowers ratlier Large. Calyx 3 to 4 Unes long, to-
meutosc-pubescent and soraetimes liirsute, divided to about the micklk'.
Petals more than twice as long. Fruit usually exceeding the calyx, sliglitly
tomentose or pul)esccnt, 3 to 4 lines diametcr, de])ressed in the centre ; car-
pcls G to 10, very distiuct, and seceding compk'tely frora the axis, obtuse or
almost pointed a't the top, not scarious. Seeds 1 or 2 in each carpel, glabrous
or miuutely pubescent. — Sida Frnseri, Hook. in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 368.

N. Australia. M^Douall Sl/tarfs Erpedition.

Queensland. On the Marauoa, Miichell ; Sutton rivcraud Broad Souud, F. Mueller ;
Conict river, Leichhardt.

N. S. Wales. Pccrs rauge, ^. Cunningham ; Darling river, Ballachy and Goodwin ;
Gogiiiya uiountaiiis, Tictorian E.rpcdilion.

S. Australia. Subsaline barreu plains and hills froiu llindcrs range to Spencer's Gulf,
F. Miielh-r.

W. Australia. ISIurchison river ?, from a singlc specimcn iu lcaf ouly, and thercfore
doubtful, iu Hcvb. Mueller.

Var. parvijlora. Leaves very obtuse. Flowers much snialler. — A. diplotricknm, F. MuelL
in Linntca, xxv. 380. — S. Australia.

Var. halophilum. Lcaves usually orbicular, vcry obtuse, oflen truncate or retuse, the

206 XXI. MALVACE.E. [AbutUon.

carpels .5 or fi lines lonsr, and very broad and obtuse. — A. halophihm, F. Muell. in Linnaea,
sxv. 3S1. — N. S. Wales, S. Australia, and W. Australia ?

18. A. crispum, G. Don, Gen. St/st. i. 502. A herb or underslirnb,
with slendcr sprtacliug branches, closely tomentose, often viscid, with long
spreading hairs interinixed. Leaves cordate, acuiuiiiate, crenate, softly to-
nieiitose, the upper ones on short petioles or qnite sessile. Pedicels slender,
often exceeding the upper leayes. Flowers small, yellow. Calyx 2 or rarely
3 lines long, deeply divided into laneeolate or triangnhir acuminate lobes, re-
flexed uuder the frtiit. Petals not much longer. Fruit nearly globuhir,
hispid witli scattered hairs, 4, 5, or somelimes above 6 lines diameter ; car-
pels about 10 to 15, distinctly sejiiu-ating from the axis, very thin, shining
inside and ahnost scarious wlien npe, and almost always 1-seeded, althougli
the ovary has 2 or 3 ovules.— A. Gray, Gen. III. 1. 126 '; Wight, Ic. Pl. t. 68 ;
Sida criipa, Linn. ; DC. Prod. i. 469 ; Bastardia crispa, St. llil. Fl. Bras.
Mer. i. 194.

N. Australia. Sonrces of TIookcr's Creek, aud MacartLur river, F. MueUer ; Mait-
liuid rivcr, /''. Gregnnjs ExjjeJiiion.

The species is widely sprcad over tropical Anierica, and is also found in East India and
tropical Africa.

7. URENA, Liini.

Bracteoles 5, uiiited in a 5-cleft invohicre, adnate to the calyx at the base.
Calyx 5-toothed or 5-lobed. Staminal column bearing several liLnments or
almost sessile anthers outside, below the tnmcate or 5-toothed sumniit.
Ovary-cells 5, 1-ovulate ; style branches 1 0, with terrainal capitate stigmas.
Fruit-carpels seceding from the axis, indehiscent, muricate or covered with
hooked bristk's. Seeds ascending. — Rigid tall herbs or shrubs, more or less
seabrous-tomenlose. Leaves usually angled or lobed, at least the lowcr ones.
Fk)wers sessile or on ven- short peduneles, often clustered, axillary or in ter-
niinal leafy raceraes.

B"sides the one or two species common in all tropical regions, the gcnus comprises two
or three tropical Asiatic ones which appear distiuct. As a genus, TJrena scarcely differs
from Pavoniu.

\. U. lobata, Linn. ,- DC. Frod.i. Hl^xtw.ffrandi/oi^a. A hard, erect
herb or shrub of 2 to 4 ft., covered on the stems and under side of the leaves
with a whitish close often scabrous tomentum. Leaves petioLite, the lower
ones nearly orbicuLar, the upper ones ovate or Linceolate, pabnately 3- to 7-
veined, irreguLirly tootlied, anguLir, or broadly and shortly lobed", glabrous
above or sHglitly scal^rous-tomentose. Fiowers sessile or nearly so. Involuere
deeply cleft into narrow-LmceoLite lobes, in tlie single Australian speeimen
nearly | in. long, and fidly twice as long as the calyx, but often not longer
than the calyx or shorter. Petals pink, about 1 in. long in this specimen,
but often much sm.dler. Carpels in our specimen sliortly niuricate. — Bot.
Mag. t. 3043 (with short involucres).

Qneensland. Sutton and Burdekin rivers, Leichhardt.

The spccies is widely spread over tropicai Auicrica, Africa, and Asia, aud is very variable
in tiie shape of the leaf and proportions of the involucre, calyx, and petals, as weil" as in the
carpels, more or lcss glochidiate or niuricate ; and most probably the V. sinuata, Linn.,
almost equally commou, is only a varicty with deeply-cut leaves.

XXI. MALVACE.E. 207

8. PAVONIA, Cav.

(Greevesia, F. Muell.)

Bracteoles 5 or more, free or iinited at the base. Calyx 5-tootlied or 5-
lobecl. Staniinal column beariug several tilaments on tbe outside, below the
truncate or 5-toothed summit. Ovary-cells 5, 1-ovulate; style-branches 10,
with terminal capitate stigmas. Fnut-carpels seceding from the axis, inde-
hiscent or 2-valved at the top, with or without 1 or 3 awus or points, but not
covered by the hooked bristles of Urena. Seeds ascending. — llerbs or shrubs,
tomentose, hirsute, or ghiljrous. Leaves often angled or lobed. Flowers on
axillary pedicels or in terminal heads or clusters.

A large genus, chiefly South Ainerican, with a few species scattered over the waniier re-
gions of the Old 'World. Tlie Australiaii species is the same as one of the South American
oucs.

1. P. hastata, Cav. Diss. 138, t. H,/. 2. A low spreading shrub, more
or less hoary, with a rainute close stellate tomentum. Stipules subidate.
Leaves petiolate, frora ovate-cordate to oblong-hastate, obtuse, 1 to 2 in.
long, coarsely crenate, scabi'ous above, hoary-tomentose imderneath ; when
hastate, the lateral lobes short and obtuse. Pedicels usually shorter than the
leaves. Bracteoles 5, ovate, herbaceous, nearly as ioug as the calyx. Calyx
tomento?e, 2 to 3 lines long, divided to the raiddle into 5 ovate lobes. Petals
iii the perfect flowers twice as long as the calyx, of a reddish-])urple with a
dark centre, but in other flowers, equally fertile, they are very small and closed
over the stamens, wliich are then reduced.to 5, whilst they are mucli raore
numerous in the peifect flowers. Carpels obovoid, indehiscent, usually pu-
bescent, strongly reticidate and with a slightly raised dorsal rib. — 1)C. Prod.
i. 443 ; Reichb. Icon. Exot. t. 227 ; Greecesia cleisocalyx, F. Muell. in Kew
Journ. viii. 8 (founded on clandestine-flowered specimens).

Queensland. Moretou Bay, F. Mueller ; Brisbaue river, Hill ; Expedition Range,
Leichhardt.

N. S. V/ales. Nepean, HawkesLiuy and Patterson rivers, R. Brown ; Hunter's river,
U. S. E.rplonyic/ E.rpedition ; Liverpool Plaius, A. Cunninghaw ; Clareuce river, Beckler.

Also a native of Jlontevideo in Soulh Auierica, where, as well as in Austrnlia, it produces
both kinds of flowers, allhough Ihe claudestine ones appear never to have been observed
uutil poiuted out by F. ^lueller.

9. HIBISCUS, Linn.
(Abelmoschus, Medik. ; Paritium, A. St. Hil.)

Bracteoles several, rarely reduced to 5 or fewer, usually narrow, free or more
or less united, soraetimes very small. Catyx 5-Iobed or 5-toothed. Staminal
coluran beaving usually numerous filaraents on the outside below the
trmicate or 5-toothed summit. Ovary 5-ceIIed, with 3 or more ovules in
eacli cell ; style-branches 5, spreading, or rarely erect and subconnate or ex-
ceedingly short, with terminal dilated or capitate stigmas. Capsule mem-
branous or coriaceous, locuHcidally 5-vaIved, the endocarp not usnally sepa-
rating, and rarely produced into spurious dissepiments apparently doubling
the number of cclls. Secds reniform or ncarly globular, glabrous pubescent
or wooUy. — Herbs, shrubs, or trees, hispid lomentose or glabrous, the hairs
almost always stellate. Leaves various, often deeply divided. Stipules in
the Australian species sidjidate or small and deciduons, except in //. tiliaceus.

208 XXI. MALVACE.E. [Hiblscus.

Flowers usually lar^e, the petals almost ahvays mavkecl with a deeper colour
at the base. " Filaments usually short ancrnumerous, crowded along the
greater part of the elongated staminal column, rarely elongated, fewer and
phiced close round the top of the short cokimn. Bracteoles usually persistent,
but in a few species so deciduous as only to be seen on the very young buds.

A vcry large gcnus, widely dispersed over tlie tropical regioiis of the globe, a fcw cxtend-
ing into niorc tcinperate cliniates both in the northern and soutlicrn hciiiispheres. Of Ihe
Australiau spccics four are generally distributcd over E. India and Africa ; of three others
beloiiiiini; to thc seetioii Ahelmosckus, one is fouud in the Indian Pcninsula, another is cnl-
livated, il" not wild, in the ludiau Arehipclago, the third is nearly allied to a correspoudiug
E. ludian spccies, but in souie respects distiuct, an eighth species, of the section Pantiinn,
is a coiumon maritiiue tropical trce; the remaiuing 18 are all eudemic.

§ 1. Bracteoles free (sometimesvery decidnotis). Calyx ^o-toothed, spHttxng open on
one side anddeciduous. Talt annuats. (Abclmoschus, Mcdik.)
Glabrous or the inflorescence tomeutose. Bractcoles small, falliug

oif fiom thc voung bud. Flowers white \. H. ficutnens.

Hispid. Bracteoles^S- to 12, linear, persistent. Tlowers red . 2. H. rhodopetatus.
Glabrous or slightly setose. Bracteoles 5, broad-lanceolate, per-

sistent 3. //. Manihot.

§ 2. Bracteoies free. Catyx shortty ^-totied, infated. Herb
tsith deepty lobed 'teaves. (Trionum, Medik.) 4>. H. trionum.

§ 3. Bracteotes free. Calyx deepty h-tohed, the tobes 1- or ^-nerved, without thickened
margins. Seeds bordered or cocered by tong icoolty hairs. Low or slender shrubs or un-
dershrubs. (Bombieella, DC)

Stamiual tube short with long filameuts round the summit . . ^. H. brachysiphonius.
Staminal tube sleudcr, the short hhuucuts extcndiug to the miJdle
or lower.

Plaiit loosely scabrons-hispid. Lcaves deeply dividcd ... 6. //. Drummondii.

Plaut deuseiy and rigidly velvety-tomentose. Leaves ovate or

hmceolate^ mostly undivided. ' Bracteolcs smail . . . . 7. H. microchkfmis.

Plant closelv aud deusely toraentose. Leaves orbicular, mostly

broadly 3-lobed 8. -ff. Pinonianus.

§ 4. Bracteolesfree. Calyx deepty h-lobed, ihe iobes with a cenirai nerve and thickened
nerve-iike margins. Seeds giabrous. Tail herbs or shrubs, often more or less armed mth
short prickles (except the iast tico species).
Hcrb, glabrous or with scattered hairs. Calyx ribs eiliate.

Flowers white or pinlv ' 9. H. radiatus.

Tall shrubs, ghii)rous or with scaltered hairs.

Flowers axilku-y, without bracts uuder the pediccls.

Plowers yellow. Calyx ciliate or sctose 10. H. divaricatus.

Flowers white. Culyx denscly toiucutose II. H. heterojjhylius.

Fiowcrs iu a tenuinal raceine, with a triiid bract uiidcr cach

pedicel. Caly.v dcusely hirsute 12. //. diversifoiius.

Tall shrub, densely velvcty-tomeutose or villous. Flowers large,

piuk. Calyx deusciy hirsute \2>. H. sptendens.

Tomentose or deusciy vilious shrubs, witliout priclvlcs. Caiyx
lomentose or viilous.

Flowcrs I j to 2 iii. long 14. //'. zonatus.

Flowers about \ iu. long 15. //. Coatesii.

§ 5. Bracteoiesfree. Caiyx deepiy ^-lobed, the iobes 1- or S-nerved, without thickened
margins. Seeds giabrous or sliortiy pubescent.
Low or slendcr shrubs or undcrshrubs, glabrous, seabrous-pubcs-
ceut or bristly hispid.
Leavcs undividcd.

Scabroiis-pubescent. Leavcs ovatc-lauccoiatc or oblong . . 16. H.ieptociadus.

Hibiscus.'] XXI. malvace.k. 209

Glandular viscid and rigidly setose. Leaves broad-cordate

ororbicular M. H. setulosus.

Leaves deeply divided.

Glabrous o"r uearly so. Calyx f ia. long. Capside hispid . 18. H. peniapknUus.
Hii-siite aud dcusely setose. Calyx not i in. Capsule gla-

c, 11 I .'."■,■," ,' 19. II. geranioides.

^niall velvety-tomentose shrubs or undershrubs. Leaves shortlv
lobed. •'

Bracteoles several, subulate 23. //. Krichauffiamcs.

^&ee also 8, H. Pmoniaims, and 7, H. microchlcenus.)

Bracteoles 5 broaJIy ovate 22. H. Normani.

la shrub scabrous,tomeutoseorhirsute. Leaves deeplv divided 25. H. Hue.qelii
J all coarse herbs or shrubs, deusely tonieutose and often setose.

Bracteoles smaH, subuJate. Capsule very prominently angled . 20. H. vitifolius.

Bracteoles dilated above the middle. Capsule not angled . . 2\. H. panduriformis.

§ 6. Bracteoles united at least at the base. Calyx ^-lohed.

Tomentose shrubs or undershrubs. Leaves crenate or broadly aud
shortly lobed.
Involucral teeth or lobes short or broad. Filaraents long and

rew. Calyx lobes obscurely nerved 24: H Sturlii

Involucral bracts united at the base only. Filameuts short "aud

uumerous. Calyx lobes 1-nerved, with thickened margius . 14. H. zonatus.
lall shrub, glabrous, scabrous or tomentose-hirsute. Leaves

deeply divided . 2^. H. Huegelii.

Wabrous tree. Leaves broad-cordate, entire 2^. H. tiliaceus.

1. H. ficuineus, Linn. ; DC. Prod. i. 448. An erect annual of several
teet, glabrous except a fevv scattered hairs on the leaves, and a velvety pubes-
cence on the racemes and calyces. Leaves orbicular, 2 to 3 in. diaraeter the
lower ones with 5 or 7 short broad lobes, the upper ones more deeply divided
with obovate or oblong lobes, all usually crenate. Flowers white, turnino- at
length reddish, on short pedicels, in a terminal leafless raceme. Bracteoles
few, small and so deciduous as only to be seen on the very youno- buds
Calyx about A in. long, shortly 5-toothed, splitting laterally and deciduous'
Fetals 1 in. or rather raore, glabrous. Capsule ovoid-oblong, acute, 5-ano-Ied
pubescent. Seeds \i-A\\j.—JhelmoschiisJicuhieiis, W. et Arn. Prod i "53 •
V^ ight, Ic. t. 154 ; A. alborubens, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 67. ' ■ ■>

N. Australia. In basaltic tropical and subtropical plains, F. Mueller
Queensland. Yiizroy lAams, F. Mueller ; Rocichampton, 77w^^if
Ihe species is common in some parts of the E. ludian peninsula, aud includes H. strictus
Koxb. H. Ind. lu 206, and probably also H. prostratus, Roxb. 1. c. 208. The plaut fi-ured
by Reicheubach, Icon. Exot. t. 161, with persistent broad bracts, is a differeut specics

^- f**/^°f °P®*^l^s> ^- ^^«^^^- Herb. An erect or decumbent coarse
annual, ot l^ to 3 ft., more or less hirsute mth long bristly hairs. Leaves
(except the lowest) raore or less deeply 5-lobed, the lobes of the lower ones
short and broad, of the upper ones oblong or lanceolate, often 2 to 3 in lono-
moie or less toothed, the lowest leaves often entire and cordate and the
uppermost lanceolate-hastate. Flowers large, red, on axillary pedicels lono-er
than Ihe petioles. Bracteoles 8 to 12, linear, distinct, persistent, usuallv
shorter than the calyx. Calyx pubescent, 6 to 7 liues long, minutely 5-
toothed, sphttmg laterally and deciduous. Petals U to above 2 in lono-'

VOL. I. p ' ''*

jj^ XXI. MM.VACE,,.. IBiiisC».

C^sule oblo„.-ovoid. ncle, 6-»ngW, icger ftan t1,e bractcole,, vov, Uspid.

row lcaf-lobes). 4,„or,.« Pnint Pearcc aiid Brisbane rivcr, f. .M'?/^/^''»-.

Oueensland. Woody streanis 1 omt rea cc a ^i^/,,,05c//»*, Lnni., dif-

..!rs;.': s,°;:S ?.'ii,::..s: r;i;: »,r.!-i .0..,. „. „0. ,...0.. .na .,>

ennller niorc divided leavBS. . ii i -.u

smaikr, nio nr' Pro^ i 448. A tall lierb, spvmkled with

3. H. Manihot, i*«"..; ■^'^- ^'^^'^- '•*::,, the petluncles, otherwise
a few pungeut bristly l^atrs xnore ^^5 to 9 laCeXte/ the larger
glabrous. Leaves <^J^^ ^Jfj ,12J: ^lowers large, yellow
ones narrovv, 4 to 5 m. lono moie oi e ^^^ reduced

uith a purple eye, on rather lot.g P^ ^ ^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^f ^^^^^^ 1 i,. Kng, roughly
leaves. Bracteoles 5, herbaceott. ^^^f /j^^^^^^^ n cllvx shorter than the
pubescent, persistent long a ter the f;;;^ ^^^ ^;^^"" p^^^^i^ ^,,^^, 2* in. long.
Lcteoles shc.tly5.to^he^,^.^^^^ ^ecally L he augles

Bep.i.311; ^i^^^^'^ ^^^^^^^^^^^ cnltivated ,n

.r :^^d tiafSi:^ i^S. "of r aJ^^^^^ and the pLi«c, .ut .e Kave „o
certain record of it iu a wild state.

_ . T- nr Prnr/ i 453 An erect aimual or peren-

4. H. trionum, i"'»-:,/^f , ™ ^^f^h ^cabrous-pttbescent or shortly

„ial f ^Y'" r;;?bfLV deei 3-^ -ith oblong or lan-

hirsute. Leaves 2 io S m. long, ueepi;) o nale-vellow with a

r^;;^^^CSf;air3^t;,f^^^^^^^^

«?t/.sw/?,, Sweet ; Lincll. ISot. iteg. i.oiJ, ^ -p,„,„,l i ess
i 483 • 7i. tridactyUtes, Lindl. iu Mitch. Three Exped. i. 8o.
■ N. kustralia. Vietoria river and Sturt's Creck, -F M^^

Queensland. Betwecu the Btn-nett aud ^^"'^'^^^1^: Q\'^^^^^^^^ Hastings rivers,
N. S. Wales. Hunter's and Nei)ean rivers, R. B?own , Li.uence

BfcUrr ; Darliui? river, Ballachy and Goodv>in_

S. Australia. Cooper's Creek, Herb. F. ^^'''J''';- «orthwards to China aud the

Conin.on tliroughout Africa aud southeru Asia, extending noitnwain»

Amur. Found also in New Zealand.

5 H. brachysiphonius, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 67 ^''^ .^^l.^^^Z
nerennh or undershtatb, with erect or decuntbeut stems, rarely above 1 1 .
Lr ' ..ht vT^ ute with short stiff stellate hairs. Lower leaves s.nall c.-
bicttia;;^undtvided,creuate; ttpper ones dividecl mto 3 0^°-« f/^^^^^^^'
cuneate coarsely crenate or lobed segmeuts or deep lobes, mostly 1 o 1, m.
b^^ Zvers' rathcr small, pitik, on axillary . or ternW F^^^^^^^^^^
times verv loug. Bracteoles about 10, rather rigid hnear, shoitei thai tue
cXx Ca YX ciliate with a few stiff hairs, deeply div.ded mto laneeolate 1-
uened lob s not thickened at the margin. Petals abot.t \ m. long. Sta-

Hibiscus.'] XXI. malvace^. 211

minal columu short, bearing roxmd the summit about 20 filaraents much
longer than in most species. Style-branches long, Avith large capitate stio-nias.
Capsule nearly globular, ghabrons, 4 to 6 lines diameter. Seeds 4 to^G in
- each cell, tomentose-villous.

Queensland. Mooni river, Mitchell; Peak Dowus, F. Mueller ; Comet river Leich-
hardt. '

BT. S. Wales. Macquarie river, Mitchell; on the Murray, F. Mueller ; Darling
river, Ballachy and Goodwi)i ; Goyinga mountains, Victorian Expedition.

6. H. Drummondii, Turcz. in Bull. Mosc. 1858, i. 195. A slpnder
branching shrub or undershrub, scabrous or hispid with short rigid stcllate
hairs. Leaves mostly divided into 3, rare]y*5, cuneate, oblong-linear or
rarely obovate segmeuts, coarsely toothed or lobed, and usually hispid under-
neath, rarely much exceeding 1 in., the lower leaves sraaller, broader, aud
more entire. Flowers few in the upper axils, rather large, pur[)le with a dark
centre. Bracteoles 8 to 10, linear, hispid, often as long as the calyx. Calyx
I to 1 in. long, very hirsute, deeply divided into lanceolate, acuminate, 3-
nerved lobes, the lateral nerves not marginal. Capsule ovoid, acute, hispid.

Seeds numerous, ciliate or covered with long woolly hairs wheu quite ripe

H. Elliottii, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 220. ^ i •

W. Australia, Brummond, «.90; betvveen Moore and Murcliison rivers, Lrummond,
Uh Coll. n. 101 ; Mm-chison and Greenough rivers, Walcott and Oldfield.

7. H. microchlaenus, I\ Muell. Fragm. ii. 116 (under H. solanifo-
Uus). A])pareutly shrubby, densely clothed with a scabrous, rigid-velvety, or
softer and almost floccose stellate toraentura. Leaves on rather^short petides,
frora ovate to obloug-lanceolate, 1 to l^ in. long, obtuse, sbghtly toothed,'
thickly and rigidly tomentose. Flowers apparently piuk or purple, on pedi-
cels rather longer thau the petioles. Bracteoles 7 to 9, sometimes very mi-
nute, soraetiraes half as long as the calyx. Calyx \ in. or rather more,
deusely scabrous-tonientose, deeply divided into ianceolate 1-nerved lobes!
Petals 1 to l^ in. loug, more or less stellate-tomentose outside where ex-
posed in the bud. Capside globular, glabrous or slightly hairy. Seeds more
or less bordered or covered with long woolly hairs. — H. braehycJdcenus, F.
Muell. Fragm. iii. 5.

N. Australia. Upper Victoria river, F. Mueller ; Maitland river, Nichol Bay, Wal-
cott ; Forteseue river, M. Brown.

8- H. Pinonianus, Gaudicli. in Freyc. Voy. Bot. 476, t. 100. Shrubby,
clothed with a close, short, soft, or scarcely scabrous tomentura. Leaves on
rather long petioles, mostly nearly orbicular, \ to above 1 in. long and broad,
shortly and broadly 3-lobed, crenately toothed, imdulate and often crisped on
the margiu, strongly reticulate underneath, the lower ones alraost entire.
Flowers rather large, on short pedicels in the upper axils. Bracteoles 5 to 10,
hnear, short. Calyx 6 to 8 lines loug, tomentose, deeply divided into lanceo-
late 3- or 5-nerved lobes. Petals l^ to near 2 in. Iong,"softIy toraentose out-
side where exposed in the bud.- Style-branches liliforra, witli large, often pe-
nicdlate stigraas, connivent at first, then spreading, and often closing agaiu
when witheriug, so as to give the style a simple clavate appearance. Capsule
tomeutose outside, glabrous inside. Seeds covered with long wooUy hairs. —
H. solanifolius, F. Muell. Frngm. ii. 116.

p 2

212 XXI. MALVACE/T.. [Il/l/lsCtlS.

N. Australia. l\Tount Denison, M'Bouall Stiiart.

W. Australia. Sharks Ba}', GaudJchaud ; between Moore aud Murchison rivers,
Drummond, hih CoU. n. 104. The flowers in Gaudichaud's speciniens are larger than in the
others.

9. H. radiatus, Cav. Diss. 150, t. 54, /. 2. An erect animal (or
rarely perlmps pereiuiial) of 2 to 3 ft., glabrous or hispid in tlie lower part
vvith a lew rigid liairs, and often bearing also small conical prickles. Lower
leaves broad and shoitly lobed, upper ones deeply 3- to 5-lobed or the up-
perniost undivided, the lobes narrow, toothed and unequal, the central one
often 2 to 3 in. long. Flowers white or piiik with a dark centre, on axillary
pedicels usually very short, riffely attaining 1 in. Bracteoles aljout 10, nar-
row-liuear, often spreading or reflexed, and ciliate with a few rigid hairs.
Calyx about f in. long, deeply divided into lanceolate aeumiuate lobes, of a
thin texture, but marked witli a proniineiit midrib and thickened marginal
nerves, more or less rigidly ciliate. Petals 1 to l^ in. long. Capsule glo-
bose, glabrous in the Australian speciniens. Seeds few, glabrous. — DC. Prod.
i. 449 ; Bot. Mag. t. 1911 ; F. Muell. Fragm. ii. 117.

N. Australia. Arnhem's Land, islands of Carpentaria Bay, etc., R. Brown ; Victoria
and Fitzniaiirice rivers, Macadani range, etc., F. Mueller.

Queensland. Percy Islands and other points of thcN.E. coast, A. Cunningham ; Paim
Islands and Curtis Island, Henne.

The specics cxtends over E. India and tropical Africa, but the extra-Anstralian speciincns
1 have seen have always hirsute and less obtuse capsules. U. Lindlei/i, Wall. PI. As. Rar.
i. 4, t. 4, is probably a ])urple-flowered varicty. //. cannahinus, Linn., cultivated iu' Asia
and Africa for its fibre, differs from H. radiatus only in the glands ou the calyx.

10. H. divaricatus, Grah. in Edinb. PJdl. Journ. Jul.-Oct. 1830. A
tall, erect, glabrous shrub, witli the foliage of sorae varieties of //. helero-
phylhis and the flowers of //. radiatiis, the branches often beset with small
conical prickles. Leaves on short petioles, entire or deeply 3-Iobed, frora
round-cordate to ovate-Ianceolate or oblong, often fully 4 in. long, more or
less toothed. Flowers large, yellow with a crimson eye, on short pedicels in
the axils of the upper reduced leaves. Bracteoles 10 to 12, linear, rigid,
ciliate. Calyx deeply divided into lanceolate lobes, with prominent midribs
and margins as in //. radiatus, rigidly ciliate or rarely minutely tonientose.
Petals 2 to 2| in. long. Capside ovoid-globose, densely silky-hairy. — Jbel-
mosckus divaricatiis, Walp. Kep. i. 309 ; Hibiscus maf/nijicus, F. Muell. Fragra.
ii. 118.

Queensland. Shoalwater Bay, R. Brown; N.E. coast, A. Cunningham ; Newcastle
range, Mackeuzie and Dawson rivers, T'. Muetler.

One of F. Muelier's specimens, with the calyx not ciliate but minutely tomentose, seems
to connect this species with some fornis of H. heterophgllus.

11. H. heterophyllus, Fent. Ilort. Malm. ^.103. A tall shrub, gla-
brous, exc(;pt a stellate tomentura on the iuflorescence and very young shoots,
the branches often bearing small conical prickles. Leaves entire or deeply
3-Iobed, linear, lanceolate or elliptical-oblong, often 5 to 6 in. long, usually
serrulate or crenulate, in some speciraens Avhite underneath. Flowers large,
white with a purple centre, on short pedicels iu tlie upper axils. Bracteoles
about 10, linear, rigid, not ciliate. Calyx often above 1 in. long, deeply di-
vided iuto lanceolate lobes, densely covered with a stellate toraentura often

I

Hibiscm.'] xxi. malvace.i;. 213

concealiug tlie venatioii, which, as in H. radiattis, consists of a midrib and
the thickened margins of each lobe. Petals nearly 3 in. long. Capsule
ovoid-globular, acute, densely setose or silky-hairy. Seeds glabrous. — Bot.
Eeg. t. 29 ; DC. Prod. i. 450 ; H. grundijlorus, Salisb. Par. Lond. t. 22.

Queensland. Broad Souud, Shoalwater Bay, R. Broion ; Percy Isle and Port Curtis,
M'Gillivrai/ ; Brisbane river, Fraser, A. Canimiyham, F. Mueller, etc. ; Rockliamptou,
Thozet.

N. S. '^Vales. Macleay and Hastings river, Beclder ; Hawkesbury river, Paterson ;
Kiaiiia, Ilarveij ; Port Stephens, Ladij Parry ; Port Macquarie, Thozet.

The northcin speciineus belong mostly to a broader-leaved form, distinguished by A. Cuu-
ningham under the name of H. Marjerice.

12. H. diversifolius, Jacq. ; BC. Prod. i. 449. A tall, rigid herb or
underslirub, sprinkled with a rigid pubescence, the branches and petioles
more or less beset vvith small conical prickles. Leaves broadly cordate or
nearly orbicular, irregularly toothed, angular or more or less 5-lobed. Plowers
in a terminal raceme, on very short pedicels in the axils of small lanceolate or
3-lid tioral leaves, often reduced, especially the upper ones, to small linear
bracts. Bracteoles linear, and calyx witjj marginate lobes, as in H. ra-
diatus, but the lobes are narrower, and usuaUy densely hispid with rigid
bristly hairs. Capsule acuminate, very liispid. Seeds glabrous. — Bot. Keg.
t. 381 ; H. Beckleri, F. Muell. Fragm. ii. 117.

Queensland. Rockhampton, Thozet ?

N. S. "Wales. Huuter'3 river, R. Brown ; Clarence river, in woods, Beckler ; along
the river, not couimon, IFilcox.

The specius is chiefly found iu S. Africa, Mauritius, and Madagascar, but is also common
in waste places in the Fiji aud other S. Pacific islands. In E. India it appcars to be iu gar-
deus only. Thozcfs speciuien is somewhat doubttul, it is much more hispid, but insufficient
for determination.

13. H. splendens, Fraser ; Grah. iii Edinb. Phil. Journ., Jpr.-June,
1830. A tall shrub, of great beauty, attaiuing 12 to 20 ft., densely clothed
with a soft velvety tomentum, the brauches and petioles armed with small
scattered prickles or bristles. Leaves on loug petioles, broadly ovate-cordate
or palmately 3 or 5-Iobed, often 6 or 7 in. long, the lobes oblong-acuminate
or lauceolate, often narrowed at the base. Stipules often 2 on each side.
Flowers very large, rose-coloured, on pedicels about as long as the petioles.
Bracteoles 10 to 15 or sometimes many more, liuear-subulate, as long as the
calyx, deusely hispid or softly villous. Calyx at least 1 in. long, densely to-
mentose or hispid, deeply divided into lanceolate lobes, with a dorsal aud
margiual nerve, as in H. radiutus. Petals 3 in. long or more, glabrous.
Capsule silky-hairy. Seeds glabrous. — Bot. Mag. t. 3025 ; Bot. Reg. t.
1629 ; Abelmoschus splendens, Walp. Rep. i. 309.

Queensland. Percy Island, N.E. coast, A. Cunninghmn ; Rockhampton, Thozet ;
Moreton Bay, F. Mueller.

N. S. "W^ales. Clareuce and Hastings rivers, Fraser, Bechler.

14. H. zonatus, P. Muell. Fragm. i. 221. A shrub with a scabrous
toraeutum, sometiines short and close, sometimes dense and velvety, the rather
slender brauches occasionally hirsute or bristly. Leaves from orbicular-cor-
date to ovate, the larger ones attainiug 3 or 4 in., and shortly and broadly
3-, 5-, or 7-Iobed, the upper oues eutire or toothed aud oiten nan'ow.

214 XXI. MALVACE.E. [HiSiscus.

Flowers ratlier large, piuk, on veiy sliovt pedicels iii the upper axils. Brac-
teoles narrow and rigid, rarely exceeding lialf tlie length of the calyx, free or
slightly united at the base. Calyx nearly f in. long, densely tomentose,
dee|)ly divided into h\nceolate lobes, promiuently 1-nerved and with thickened
margins, as in the preceding species. Petals l^ to 2 in. long, nearly gla-
brous. Style-brauches short, spreading. Capside very hispid, nearly glo-
bular, shorter than the calyx. Seeds glabrous.

N. Australia. Islancls of the Giilf of Carpentaria, H. Brown ; "W. coast of the Gulf,
Leichhardt ; rocky baiiks of the Seven Emu, Macarthur and Nicholsou rivers, F. Mueller.

15. H. Coatesii, I\ Muell. Fragm. iii. 5. A shrub, evidently very
nearly allied to //. zonntus, with tlie same shaped leaves and ilowers, but much
more densely tonientose, hirsute with rather long rigid or woolly hairs, and
the ilowers much smaller. Calyx about \ in. long, vei-y hirsute, the lobes
much narrower than in H. zonatus, the corolla apparently about f in. long.

N. Australia. Haramersly range, near Nichol Bay, F. Gregonjs F.rjiedilion. The
speciraen is very incomplete. It may possiblv prove to be a variety of H. zonatus {Herb.
F. MueU.)

16. H. leptocladus, Benth. Appare;itly a low herb or undershrub,
with slender branches, rough with short rigid stellate hairs. Leaves on
rather long petioles, ovate-lanceolate, lanceolate or oblong, 1 to 2 in. loug,
irregularly toothed, narrowed or rounded at the base, roughly pubescent on
both sides with rigid stellate hairs. Flowers apparently pink, on rather long
pedicels in the upper axils. Bracteoles about 7 to 9, linear-subulate, rarely
exceeding half tlie length of the calyx. Calyx about \ in. long, pubescent or
hispid witli stiff stellate hairs, deeply divided into lanceolate-acuminate, 1- or
3-nerved lobes, without thickened margins. Petals 1 to l^ in. long, gla-
brous. Capsule nearly globular. Seeds 2 or 3 in each cell, glabrous.

N. Australia. Islands of Cai-pentaria Bay, R. Brotmi ; Victoria river, Bi/noe, F.MueUer.
This species resembles iu some respects H. microchlienus, but is much more slender aud
less tomentose, and both petals aud secds appear to be quite glabrous.

17. H. setulosus, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 221. A much-branched, viscid,
strong-scented slirub of several feet, covered with resinous glands, the branclies
very hispid with long spreading bristles. Leaves broadly cordate or orbi-
cular, mostly 1 to 1-^ in. long, toothed, more or less hirsute or pubesccnt
with scattered rigid stellate hairs. Plowers rather large, pink with a dark
centre, on axiUary pedicels about as long as the petioles. Bracteoles linear,
rigid, about as long as the calyx. Calyx about f in. long, pubescent and
glandular like the leaves, deeply divided into lanceolate 3-nerved lobes. l'e-
tals about l^ in. long. Staminal columu conspicuously profluced above the
filaments and 5-toothed. Capsule globular, hispid, shorter than the calyx.
Seeds glabrous or minutely scabrous.

N. Australia. Kocks ou the IMacarthur ar.d Seveu Emu rivers, Gulf of Carpentaria,
F. MueUer.

18. H. pentaphyllus, F. Muell. Fragm. ii. 13. An erect or diffuse
annual of ;i Uw feet, glabrous exccpt a few rigid hairs on the upper leaves
and inilorescence. Leaves divided into 5 or rarely 7 oblong or lanceolate
toothed segments, mostly 1 to 2 in. long. Flowers "rather large, yellow with

I

HibisCUS.'] XXT. MALVACEiE. 215

a brown ceiitre, the pedicels in tlie upper axils longer than the petioles.
Bracteoles linear, rigid, fuUy as long as the calyx. Calyx f to 1 in. long,
decply divided into broadly lanceolate acumiuate lobes, glabrous or slightly
ciliate, 1- or 3-nerved. Petals 1 to l^ in. long. Capsule globular, scarcely
acuniiuate, hirsute. Seeds glabrous.

N. Australia. Victoria rtver ancl Anihem's Laiid, F. M/ie^/e)- ; gathered also iu Leich-
liardfs aud MDouall Stuarfs Expedillons.

19. H. geranioides, A. Cunn. Herb. A low branching annual of 1 to
2 feet, dcusely hispid with long rigid stellate hairs or bristles. Leaves
deeply divided into 3 or 5 obloug-linear or cuneate segments, mostly about 1
in. long, lobed or coarsely toothed, the lobes or teeth obtuse, hispid on both
sides. Flowers small for the genus, on hispid pedicels often as long as the
leaves. Bracteoles 8 to 10, linear-subulate, his^^id. Calyx 4 to 5 lines long,
hirsute, deeply divided into lanceolate-acuminate, 3-nerved lobes. Petals
about f to 1 in. long, dark at the base. Filaments short, along the upper
part of the column. Stigmas capitate. Capsule small, globular, glabrous.
Seeds glabrous.

N. Australia. Islands of the Gulf of Carpcutaria, R. Broivn ; Vansittart's Bay, N.W.
coast, A. Ciinningham.

20. H. vitifolius, Linn.. ; BC. Prod. i. 450. A coarse, erect, divari-
cately-branched herb of several feet, in India usuaEy shortly tomentose, more
hispid in Africa, and in the Australian specimeus still more beset with rigid
hairs. Leaves broadly cordate, 2 to 3 in. long and broad, usually broadly 3- or
5-lobed and toothed, very densely and softly villous-tomeutose. Plowers
rather large, pale yellow with a purple ceutre, on short pedicels, the upper
oues forming a short deuse leafy raceme. Bracteoles 7 to 10, linear-subulate,
shorter than the calyx. Calyx deeply divided into broadly lanceolate lobes,
often etilarging after flowering. Capsule depressed globular, beaked in the
centre, 5 to 8 lines diameter, hirsute with scattered hairs, the 5 acute angies
raised into wings and transversely veined. Seeds glabrous. — F. Muell.
Fragm. ii. 114.

Queensland. Keppel Bay, i?. -Brow/. ; Vt\'cy\i[A\\A,A.C>fnningharn; Dawson river
F. Muelltr ; Palm Islands, Heniie ; outsldrts of the northern brush, Leichhardt. A very
comraon species iu E. India, extcudiug into the waruier regious of Africa, aud iutroduced
into the W. Indies, readily kuowu by its wiuged capsules.

21. H. panduriformis, Burm. Fl. Ind. 151, t. 47,/. 2. A tall, coarse
herb or shrub, densely covered with a tomentum, usually thick and velvety on
the upper side of the leaves, closer and whiter on tlie under side and on the
petioles and branches, where it is often intermixed with long spreading bristly
stellate hairs. Leaves broad-cordate, 3 or 4 in. long and broad, or rarely nar-
row, usually 5-angied or broadly lobed and irregnlarly crenate. Flowers
yellow, on very short pedicels in the axils of tlie upper reduced leaves, the
side-branches often assnming the appearance of several-flowered peduncles.
Bracteoles 6 to 8, linear or linear-spathulate, often as long as the calyx, more
herbaceous than iu most species aud always dilated above the middle. Calyx
7 to 9 lines long, densely tomentose-hirsute, the lobes lanceolate, 1-nerved.
Petals 1 to 2 in. long, densely hirsute where exposed in the bud. Capsule

216 XXI. MALVACEiE. [^HiMscus.

ovoid-globular, very hispid. Seeds shortly pubescent or rarely glabrous. —
DC. Prod. i. 455 ; P. Muell. Fragm. ii. 115 ; H. tubidosus, Cav. Diss. 161, t.
68, f. 2 ; DC. Prod. i. 447.

N. Australia. Victoria river, i^. iI/«^//^r ; 'Ms\\\a.nAY\'ieT, F. Gregory^s E.rpedition ;
Albert river, Uenne. The species is widely spread over tropical Asia and Africa. Bur-
mauu's figure represents a narrow-leaved forra, not as yet fouud in Austi'alia, and rare in
ludia.

22. H. Normani, F. Muell. Fragm. iii. 4. An undershnib, with ap-
parently simple erect stems of about 1 ft., deusely velvety-tonientose. Leaves
petiolate, from ovate to huiceolate, acute or obtuse, 2 to 3 in. long, obscurely
sinuate-toothed, tomentose on both sides, especially underneath. Peduneles
l^ to 2 in. long. Involucre of 5 broadly-ovate or rhoniboidal leafy brac-
teoles, nearly as long as the calyx, distiuct or scarcely united at tlie base.
Calyx tomentose, about \ in. long, deeply divided into ovate-lanceolate 3-
nerved lobes. Petals about twice as long or rather more, glabrous,

Queenslaud. Palm Island, Henne ; Fitzroy Island, M'GiUivray.

23. H. Krichauffianus, Z. Muell. Rep. Bahh. Exped. 7. An under-
shrub, with the habit and foliage of some varietics of //. Stui-tii, but the
tomentum closer and whiter. Leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, 1 to
l^ iu. long, irregularly and usually rather deeply crenate-toothed. Plowers
rather Lirger than in most forms of H. Slurtii. Bracteoles linear-subulate,
alraost free, shorter than the calyx and sometimes very short. Calyx veiy
toraentose. Petals 1 to \\ in. long. Seeds slightly pubescent.

N. S. 'Wales. Darling river, Fictorian Expedition.

S. Australia. Lake Gregory, Babbage^s E.rpedition ; Cooper's Crcek, Victorian Ex-
jiedition ; towards Spencer's Gulf, IJ^arburion.

24. H. Sturtii, Hook. in MitcJi. Trop. Austr. 363. A rather rigid,
siinple orbranched imdershrub, rarely exceeding 1 ft., clothed witli a whitish
tomentum, either short and rather close, or dense and velvcty or sometimes
abnost fioccose. Leaves broadly cordate or ovate, rarely ovate-hinceolate,
mostly 1 to 1| in. long, obtnse, irregularly crenate-toothed, usually rather
thick aml soi't. Flowers few in the upper, axils rather small, whitc or pink.
Invohicre obeonical or campanulate, with 7 or 8 teeth or short lobes, veiy
variable in shape, but usually neai'ly as long as the calyx. Calyx very tomen-
tose, the lobes shorter or rarely longer than the cup, thick and soft, obscurely
3-uerved. Petals varying from f to fully l^ in. long. Staminal cohunn
slender, with scattered tilaments as in most species, bnt the tilaments not so
numerous and longer than usual, showing an approach to those of //. hrachy-
siphonius. Capsulc globuhir, silky. Seeds ghibrons or rarely woolly. — F.
MueU. Fragm. ii. 13.

N. Australia. N.W. coast, A. Cunningham ; Victoria river, F. Mueller ; N. of

]M'T)i)iinell raiiirc, M'I)oiiall Sfiuirt.

Queensland. Mackcnzie, Burdekin, Sultor, and Dawson rivers, Peak Dowus, etc.,
F. Mnrllrr ; Filzroy Island, M'Gi//ivray ; Maranoa and Bclyaudo rivers, Blifchell.

N. S. Wales. In marshcs and iiuadows of thc iuterior, Sfart, Fraser, Mitchell, etc. ;
Clarence rivcr, Beckler ; Nevv Eugland, C. Stuart.

This very variable species, reniarkable for its cup-shaped short-lobed iuvolucre, prescnts
in our specinicus thc foUowing principal fornis -. —

a. grandiflora. Involucrc shortcr than (he calyx, with triangular or lauceolate, somewhat

Hibiscus.] XXI. malvace^. 217

acute, erect teeth. Petah above 1 in., and often H in. long. — Mount Goningbear ia
N. S. Wales.

b. Muelleri. Involucre of the preceding variety with the small flowers of the followiug
one. — Gathered by most collectors, as well as the foUowing variety.

c. Sturtii. Invohicre as long as the calyx, dilated, and spreading at the top, with short
broad rounded lobes. Calyx 3 to 4 lines long, with rather short lobes. Petals rarely ex-
cceding 1 iu., and often much smaller. — The most commou N. S. Wales form.

d. camjiylochlami/s, F. Muell. Both involucre and calyx more or less deeply divided into
lanceolate acuminate lobes. Calyx otherwise rather longer than in the preceding varieties,
— Victoria river and Sturt's Cvetk, F. Mueller ; Dampier's Archipelago, A. Cunningham,
lu the latter specimens the seeds are woolly, but in the Victoria river plant they appear to
be glabrous, as in the other varieties.

e. plafi/chlamys. Very deusely clothed with a somewhat rigid, velvety tomentum. In-
volucre very spreading, often above 1 in. diameter, with broad lobes. Calyx exceeding \ in.,
with large ovate or ovate-lanceohite lobes. — Victoria river, F. Mueller,

25. H. Huegelii, Endl. in Ilueg. Enum. 10. A tall shrub, inore or
less scabrous or tomeutose witli scattered stellate hairs, or rarely glabrous,
and uever hoary. Leaves deeply 3- or 5-lobed, 1 to 3 or even 3 in. loug,
the lobes obovate, obloug, cuneate or rarely lanceolate, more or less piunatifid,
8-lobed or coarsely toothed, often undulate, aud the lobes or teeth obtuse or
rarely rather acute. Flowers large, violet purple (or rarely yellow ?J, the
pedicels rather long, bearing sometiraes a small bract, and still more rarely a
second flower at the joint. Invohacral bracteoles raore or less united at the
base iuto a short broad cup, with 7 to 10 liuear or subidate teeth or lobes
very variable in leugth, rarely nearly free to the base. Calyx f to nearly 1 in.
long, tomeutose or softly villous, deeply divided into lauceolate-acumiuate 3-
or 5-nerved lobes. Petals 3 to 3 in. loug, softly touientosc or villous out-
side where exposed in the bud. Styles united almost to the stigmas, which
are large and spreading. Capsule ovoid-giobose, tomentose or villous, the
cells hairy inside. Seeds glabrous.

S. Australia. Goose Island Bay and Memoiy Cove, R. Brown; Mount Arden,
Mouut Remarkable, and Port Lincoln, F. Mueller ; Streaky Bay, Venus Bay, etc, War-
burton.

W. Australia. Prora Cape Riche, Preiss, n. 1340, to Svvan Eiver, Fraser, Drummond,
Preiss, n. 1336, 1339, 1341, and others; and Murchison river, JJrummond, Oldfield, etc.

A variable species, of which the foUowing are the most conspicuous forms in our her-
baria : —

a. angulatus. Glabrous, except a close tomentura on the flowers ; branches strongly
augnlar, by prominent lines decurrent from the stipules. Plowers large. — Murchison i"iver.

b. glabrescens. Stem and leaves glabrous or sHghtly tomcntose, the branches terete or
wilh slightly raised augles. Flowers hirge, tomentose, dryiug of a pale colour.- — Swan River.
To this forra should be referred the original specimen of //. Hueyelii. j\Iy suspicion that
the statemeut that it had a yeUow flower, purple in the centrc, originated in a mistake, has
beeu fully coufirmed by Dr. Fenzl, who has sent me fuU notes ou tlie varieties exemplified
in the Vieuna Herbarium.

c. WraycB. More or less abundantly sprinkled or clothed with a scabrous tonientum or
steUatc hairs. Flowers large, of a bluish-purple. Bracts uuited. Calyx densely tomeu-
tose-villous, — U. Wrayce, Liudl. Bot. Reg. 1840, t. 69; Paritium Wrayce, Walp. Rep. i.
311; H. Huegelii, Miq. in PI. Preiss. i. t"239; H. Pinonianus, Miq. 1. c. 240, but not of
Gaudichaud. — S. and W. Australia.

d. leptochiamys. Like the last, but more viUous, and the bracteoles longe]', free to the
base.- — Murchisou river. The stigmas appear to be erect aud closed, almost as in Fugosia,
but I aui iiot sure that they are perfect in the very few flowers we have.

e. grossulariafolius. Like Wraya, but the flowers rather smallcr. Leaves often, but not

218

XXI. MALVACEiE. [Hibiscus.

alwav3 smaller, with broader and shorter lobes.— 27. grossulariafolius, Miq. iii Pl. Preiss.
i. 2-tO ; Bot. Mag. t. 4329 ; H. Meisneri, Miq. 1. c. , H. geraniifohus, Turcz. in Bull.
Mosc. 1858, i. 195.— Swau River and S. coast.

26. H. tiliaceus, Unn. ; BC. Prod. i. 454. A. sraall tree. Leaves on
loii"' petio*les, orbiculai--cor(late, shortly acuminate, entire or crenulate, wliite
or hoarv underneath Avith a close short tomentura, nearly glabrous above, 3
to 5 in.'cliaraeter. Stipules large, broadly oblong, very deciduous. Flowers
lar«-e, vellow with a dark crimson centre, on short pedunclcs in the upper
axilsor at the ends of the branches. Involucre campanulate, divided to
about tlie middle into 10 to 12 lobes, about half the length of the calyx.
Calvx nearlv 1 in. long, with lauceolate 1-nerved lobes. Petals 2 to 3 in.
lons, slightly tomentose outside. Capsule nearly 1 in. diameter, the valves
beanng Uie' dissepiments in their centre, and their thin margius turned in-
wards lo as to make the capsule appear 10-celled. — Paritlum tiUaceitm, St.
Hil. Fl. Bras. Mer. i. 256 ; Wight, Ic. Pl. t. 7.

N. Australia. Islands of the Bay of Carpentaria, R. Brown, Ilenne ; Port Molle,
M'Gillivrai/.

Queensland. Burdekin Expedition ; Roclchampton, Thozct.

A commou seacoast tree in most tropical countries, particularly abundaiit in the islands
of the Pacific.

10. LAGUNAIIIA, G. Don.

Bracteoles 3 or 4, broad and united at the base, often veiy deciduous.
Calvx very shortly 5-lobed. Staminal column bearing numerous tilaments
on "the outside below the .5-crenate suramit. Ovary 5-celled, with several
ovules in each cell. Style elavate at the top, with 5 distinct ovate radiating
stigmas. Capsule loculicidally 5-valved, the endocarp villous inside and
separating frora the pericarp. Seeds reniform, thick, glabrous. — A tree.
Leaves entire, sprinkled or curved, with scurfy scales. Flowers large, axillary,
on short thick pedicels.

The genus, scarcely perhaps sufBciently distinct from Hibiscus, is liniited to a ?ingle
species, representcd, however, by two distiuct varietics, one Australian, the other peculiar to
Norfoliv Island.

1. Ij. Patersoni, I)on, Gen. Si/st. i. 485, var. bracteata. A tree, the
young parts and inflorescence more or less covered with minute scurfy scales,
but otherwise glabrous. Leaves petiolate, oblong or broadly lanceolate, rarely
cvate-oblong, 3 to 4 in. long, entire, somewhat coriaceous, white underneath
when young, glabrous and pale-green on both sides when fidl grown, the
scales of the nnder surfaee almost disappcaring. Pedicels very short and
angular. Bracteoles 3 to 5, very obtuse, united in a broad, shortly-lobed
cup, nsually pcrsisteut at the tirae' of flowering in the Australian variety, but
soraetiraes'even these falling off early. Calyx 4 to 5 lines long. Petals
narrow, above l^ in. long, slightly toraentose outside.

Queensland. Port Deuison, Fitzalan ; Port Cowper, T. Sutherland ; Cumberland
Islands, Ihrh. Mueller.

Thc Norfoiii Island form {Hibiscus Patersonius, Andr. Bot. Rep. t. 28G ; H. Patersont,
DC. Prod. i. 454 ; Lagunaa Patersonia, Bot. Mag. t. 763 ; L. squamea, Veut. Jard. Mabn.
t. 42) is much more scaly-tomentose, thc leaves are broader aud very white uuderueath, and
thc bracteoles fall off at so very early a stage that they havc always been said to be entircly

1

Lagunaria.] xxi. MALVACEiE. 219

wanting. I had, on tliat account, at first considered the Australian plant as distinct, but I
have since seen the bracts on very young buds of the Norfolk Island one, and obscrve thein
to be here and there very deciduous on Australian specimens, and the other characters,
although as far as hitherto knovvn coustant, niay uot be sufficient to distinguish the two as
more than varieties or races.

il. FUGOSIA, Juss.

Bracteoles 3, distinct and naiTOw, or several united in a 3- to 6-tootlied
involucre. Calyx 5-lobed. Staminal column bearing numerous filaments on
the outside, below the truncate or 5-toothed siunmit, or rarely quite to the
top. Ovary 3- to 5-celled, with 3 or morc ovules in each. Style thickened
towards the top, grooved or dividcd into short, erect lobes, with decurrent
stigraas. Capsule loculicidally 3- to 5-valved. Seeds obovoid-globular or
slightly reniforni, nsually pubescent or woolly. Cotyledons much folded over
the radicle. — Shrubs or undershrubs, with the habit of Hlbiscus, but usually
more glabrous. Leaves eutire or lobed, rarely divided. Stipules small or
subulate and deciduous. Flowers usually large, yellow or purple. Calyx
often raarked with black dots, but not the cotyledons.

The geuus comprises several species froni tropical aud subtropical regions of America aud
oue from Africa, but none from Asia. The Australiau ones are all endemic. It is very
nearly allied on the one hand to Hibiscus, on the other to Gossi/pium, differing fi"om the
former chiefly in the style, froni the latter in the bracteoles.

Involucre minutely toothed, placed a little below the calyx. Glabrous
or nearly so. Ovary-cells 5.

Leaves entire, cuneate-oblong or broadly linear \. F. cmieiformis.

Leaves nan-ow-linear or almost terete, mostly dceply divided . . 2. F. hakeivfolia.
Bracteoles 3, distinct, on the base of the ealyx. Ovary-cells usually 3
or 4.
^Yhole plant softly tomentose.

Calyx-lobes linear or lanceolate. Bracteoles linear Z. F. australis.

Calyx truucate, miuutely 5-toothed. Bracteoles setaceous, minute 4. F. thespesioides.
Plant glabrous or ver}' slightly hoary-tomeutose.
Calyx deeply divided into lanceolate lobes.

Leaves ovate or lauceolate, narrowed at the basc, on very short

pctioles 5.7^. pioictata.

Leaves orbicular, 5-nerved, on petioles of 1 in 6. F. latifolia.

Calyx truucate, with small linear lobes. Leaves on long jjctiules,

cordate, acumiuate 1. F. populifolia.

(Some varieties of Hiljisciis Huegelii appear to have sometimes the stigmatic lobes erect,
but the braeteoles aud other characters are more those of Hibiscus.)

1. F. cuneiformis, Benfh. Shrubby and glabrous. Leaves cuneate-
oblong or broadly liiiear, obtuse, 1 to 2 in. long, entire, thick and somewhat
fleshy. Peduncles short and thick. Involucre very small, miiuitely 5 or 6-
toothed, placed a little below the calyx. Calyx f to 1 in. long, glabrous or
niinutely tomentose, and occasionally glandular-dotted, deeply divided into
lanceolate 1-nerved lobes. Petals about l^ in. long, sHghtly toraentose.
Capsule 5-ceIIed, ovoid-oblong, acuminate, slightly tomentose. Seeds nume-
rous, covered with long woolly hairs. — Ilibisciis cuneiformis, DC. Prod. i.
454- ; Lagiinaria cuneiformis, G. Don, Gen. Syst. i. 485.

TV, Australia. Seacoast, Dii'k Hartog's Island, A. Cunningham, Milne ; Sharks
Bay, Sanford.

220 XXI. MALVACEiE. [Fugosta.

2. F. hakesefolia, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4201. Aii erect shmb, flower-
iiig young-, but att;iiuiiig 8 to 10 ft., entirely glabrous, or toinentose on the
flower only. Leaves from deeply bipinnatifid to trifid only, or the upper oiies
entire, ofteu several inches long, the whole leaf or lobes narrow-linear, some-
Avhat fleshy, grooved above or ahnost terete. Flowers large, of a pui-ple lilac,
on axillary peduncles, articidate, and often bearing a small bract about the
middle. Involucre placed a little below the calyx, very small, divided into
3 to 6 short, rigid, unequal teeth. Calyx f to 1 in. long, deeply divided into
lanceoLite-acuminate 3-nerved lobes. Petals \\ to 2 in. long. Capsule
tomentose, ovoid, with a short point, 5-celled. Seeds woolly. — Hibiscus
hakeafoUus, Giord. ; Endl. in Hueg. Enum. 10 ; H. multijidm, Paxt. El.
Gard. vii. 103, with a fig.

S. Australia. Goose Islaad Bay, S. coast, R. Brown ; in the interior, M'Bouall
Stitart.

■W. Australia. From Kiug George's Sound, Fraser, to Swan River, Brummond,
Preiss, n. 1342, aiid Murchison river, Brummond, Oldfeld.

Var. coroiiopifolia. Leaf-segmeuts often somewhat dilated and deeply toothed. Hibiscus
lilacinns, Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 2009 ; H. coronopifolius, Miq. in Pl. Preiss. i. 239 (from the
description) ; Lagunaria lilacina, Walp. Rep. i. 311. W. Austraha.

3. F. australis, Benth. An undershrub of several feet, hoary with a
dense but very short tomentum. Leaves broadly or naiTow-ovate, obtuse,
l^ to 2^ in. long, entire or more or less sinuate or 3-lobed. Elowers rather
huge, pink, on very short pedicels, which are often clustered 2 or 3 together
at the top of axilhuy peduncles, with a bract or small leaf under each.
Practeoles 3, linear, distinct. Calyx from ^ to 1- in. long, tomentose and
marked with black glandular dots, the lobes hmceolate or almost linear, vary-
ing very much in length. Petals l^ iu. long, slightly tomentose outside.
Capsule obovoid-oblong, shortly acuminate, tomentose, 3- or -i-valved. Seeds
numerous, woolly. — Gossijpium australe, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 46, and iii. 6.

N. Australia. Barren plains, not rare, F. Mueller ; N.W. coast, Bynoe ; Maitland
river, F. Gregorys F.rpedilion ; Gulf of Carpeutaria, Landsborongh.

In habit aud foliage this much resembles the Brazilian F. iihloniidifolia, St. Hil., which
has, however, more numerous bracteoles and yellow flowers.

4. F. thespesioides, Benth. Habit nearly that of F. australis, but
larger and more tomeutose, especially the inflorescence and under side of the
leaves, which are somewhat rust-colourcd. Leaves orbicular or broadly
ovate, 2 to 4 in. long, softly tomentose. Flowers large, on short ])edicels, or
the lower ones on longer peduncles, articulate and bracteate below the summit.
Bracteoles 3 or rarely 5, usually minute and setaceous. Calyx broadly cup-
shaped, truncate, with 5 minute distant teeth, about ^ in. diameter, tomen-
tose. Petals above 2 in. long, toraentose outside. Capsule nearly globose,
twice as long as the calyx, hard and alraost woody, 3-ceIled and 3-vaIved.
Seeds apparently pubesccnt, but not seen ripe. — Hibiscus thespesioides, E. Br.
Herb.

N. Australia. N. coast, without any precise locality iudicated, R. Brown (Ilb.R.Br.).

5. F. punctata, Benth. Apparently shrubby, with tall erect branches,
thc whole plant glabrous or very rainutely hoary.' Leaves on very short ]ie-
tiolcs, from ovate to lanceolate, mostly aciite, 2 to 3 in. long, penniuervcd or

Fngosia.] xxi. malvace.e. 221

obscurely 3-nerved at the base. Flowers large, on rather long pedicels in the
axils of the uppennost reduced leaves. Bracteoles 3, lanceolate, persistent.
Calyx about 1 in. long, deeply divided into lanceolate, obscurely 1 or 3-neived
lobes, marked with a few black dots. Petals fuUy 2 in. long. Capsule
small, nearly globose but rather acute, 3-valved. Seeds apparently globose,
but not seen ripe. — Hibisciis pimctatits, A. Cunn. Herb.
N. Australia. Port Essington, A. Cunningham.

6. F. latifolia, Beuth. Habit and general characters of F. punctata,
but the leaves are orbicular or broadly ovate, 5-nerved, on petioles of 1 in. or
more, and the calyx-lobes are marked each with 3 strongly raised nerves,
which unite into 10 prominent ribs on the tube. The whole plant is also
somewhat hoary with a minute pubescence, especially the inflorescence and
younger leaves. Petals and stamens not seen. Capside of F. punctata.

N. Australia. Careening Bay, N.W. coast, A. Cunningham.

7. F. populifolia, Benth. Apparently shrubby, with slender, perhaps
procumbent brauches, quite glabrous or with a minute pubescence on tlie
under side of the leaves. Leaves on long petioles, cordate, long-acuminate,
entire, rarely above 2 in. long, green on both sides. Plowers ratber large, on
pedicels longer than the petioles. Bracteoles 3, linear-lanceolate, retlexed.
Calyx Rot \ in. diameter, marked with bhick dots, abnost truncate, with
linear-acuminate lobes about as long as the tube. Petals nearly l^ in. long,
minutely tomentose outside. Capsule globular, glabrous, 3-valved, but not
seen fully ripe.

N. Australia. Greville Island, Moatague Sound, Isles of King George IV.'s Souud,
N.W. coast, A. Cunningham ; N.W. coast, Bynoe.

12. THESPESIA, CoiT.

Bracteoles 1 to 5, small or deciduous. Calyx truncate, minutely 5-toothed
or rarely 5-lobed. Staminal cohunn bearing nuraerous filamcnts on the out-
side, beiow or up to the suramit. Ovary 5-celled, with few ovules in each
cell. Style club-shaped at the top, 5-furrowed or obscurely divided into
erect stigmatic lobes. Canside hard, almost woody, indehiscent or loculi-
cidally 5-valved. Seeds obovoid, ghabrous or wooUy. Cotyledons very
much folded, enclosing the radicle, often black-dotted. — Trees or tall herbs.
Leaves large, entire or angularly lobed. Flowers large, usually yellow.

xV small genus, limitcd to tropical Asia, the Pacific isles, and eastern Africa, the Austra-
lian species being one which extends over the whole range. Closely allied to Hibiscus, Fu-
gosia, and Gossgpium, it differs from the former chiefiy in the style, from the two latter
generally either in the calyx or bracts, and from all in the more woody capside.

1. T. populnea, Corr. ; BC. Prod. i. 456. A tree, with the young
parts and under side of the leaves sprinkled with minute rust-coloured scales,
otherwise glabrous. Leaves broad-cordate, acuminate, entire, 4 or 5 in. long.
Flowers reddish-yellow, rather large, on axillary pedicels usually shorter than
the petioles. Bracteoles 1 to 3, Linceolate and deciduous, or soraetimes
wanting. Calyx very open, 6 to 8 lines diameter, truncate, with minute
teeth. Petalsbroad,']^ to 2 in. long. Capsule fuUy l^ in. diameter, hard

223 XXI. MALVACE^. [T/tespesia.

and woody, indehiscent or opening longitudinally when ver\' diy.— Wight, Ic.
t. 8.

N. Anstralia. Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown, Senne.

Queensland. N.E. coast, A. Cunningham, WGillivray.

The spccies is widely .spread over the seacoasts of tropical Asia, extendiiig froni easteru
Africa to the Pacific Islands. It is also iutroduced into the 'West ludics.

13. GOSSYPIUM, Linn.

(Sturlia, R. Br.)

Bracteoles 3, large and cordate. Calyx much shorter, truncate or shortly
5-lobed. Starainal cokunn bearing numerous fllaments outside, below or up
to the top. Ovary 5-, rarely 4-celled, with several ovules in each cell.
Style club-shaped at the top," furrowed, with decurrent stigraas. Capsule
loculicidally 5-, rarely 4-valved. Seeds angular or nearly globular, very
Avoolly or nearly glabrous ; cotyledons very mnch folded, enclosiug the radicle.
— Tail herbs, shrubs, or alraost trees. Leaves 3- to 9-Iobed, or rarely entire.
Flowers largc, yellow or purple. Bracteoles entire, toothed or cut, usually,
as well as the calyx and cotyledons, marked with black dots.

The genus, besiJcs the Australiau species, vvhich is eudemic, compriscs the cultivated
Cotton, whose varioiis forms, described as species, races, or varieties, are distributed either
as indigenous or iutroduced plauts over the warmer regious both of the New aud the Old
World, but uot hitherto found iu a wild state in Australia.

1. G. Sturtii, F. Muell. Fmgm. iii. 6. A shrub of several feet, gla-
brous and raore or less marked with black dots. Leaves on rather long pe-
tioles, broadly ovate, entire, 1 to 2 in. long, rather coriaceous and glaucous.
riowers large, purple with a dark centre, on short pedicels in the upper axils.
Bracteoles cordate, entire, f to 1 in. long, raany-nerved and black-dotted.
Calyx not half so long, broad, truncate with minute or narrow-Iinear teeth,
copiously blaek-dotted. Petals fully 2 in. long. Capsule ovoid, shortly acii-
miuate, much longer than the calyx, usually 4-celled, glabrous but copiously
black-dotted. Seeds very sparingly and shortly viooWx.— Sturtia (jossyjnoides,
11. Br. App. Sturt. Exped. 5.

S. Australia. In the interior ; Barren Kange, Stiirt ; Elder's Range, F. Mtieller ;
Mutanic Uauges, Beckler ; Fliuders Rauge, Viclorian Expedition ; towards Speucer's Gulf,
Wai-burton.

14. ADANSONIA, Linn.

Calyx ovoid or oblong, deeply splitting into 3 to 5 lobes. Staminal co-
lumn divided at the top into nuraerous hlaments. Ovary 5- to 10-celled,
with many ovulcs in each cell. Style sliortly divided at the suramit into as
many radiating stigmas as there are cells. Fruit oblong, woody, indeliiscent,
tlie cells filled with a mealy pulp. Seeds reniform-globular, cnibedded in
the pulp ; cotyledons very mucli tblded, enclosing the radicle. — Trees with a
comparatively short trunk, acquiring an immense girth, the wood soft and
spongy. Leaves digitate, with entire leaflets. Peduucles axillary, 1-flowered,
bracteate. Flowers large, white, pendulous. Fruits large, pendulous.

Besides the Australian species, which is endemic, thc gcnus ouly coutaius one other, the
celebrated Banbab of tropical Africa, which extends into the western districts of East India.

Adansonia.'] xxi. malvace,«. 233

1. A. Gregorii, F. Mnell. in Ilook. Kew Journ. ix. 14. A large tree,
not lofty iu proportiou to its size, with an enormous gouty stem, attaining
from 30 to 80 ft. iii circuraference, and usually contracted under the main
branches of the head. Leaflets 5, 7, or rarely 9, oblong-lanceolate, acumi-
nate, the larger ones 4 to 5 in. long, narrowed at the base but rarely petiolu-
late, minutely pubescent above, white-tomentose imderneath. Flowers of a
yellowish-white, on pedicels of 1 to l^ inch. Calyx oblong and entire in the
bud, and little more than ^ in. diameter, attaining 3 in. in length, and split-
ting into 3 to 5 lobes as the flower opens, tomentose outside, silky-villous
inside. Petals 5 or rarely 4, cuneate-oblong, iidly 4 in. long, silky-villous
outside in their upper portion. Staminal column pubescent outside, rather
shorter than the filaments. Fruit resembling a small goiird, in our specimens
about 6 in. long and 3 to 4 in. diameter, but probably often larger, of a
brownisli-red colour, densely tomentose, exuding a dark red gum.

N. Australia. Sandy plains and low stony ridges, from the Glenelg to tlie western
sbores of Arnhem's Land, and rarely above 100 miles inland, F. Maeller, G. Bennett, and
others. The interior substance of the frnit has an agreeable acidity, and, boiled with sugar,
is of material service iu scorbutic complaints. (See G. Bennett, ' Gatherings of a Naturalist,'
292, t. 5.)

The Africau A. cUr/ltata, which is closely allied, and, according to G. Bennett, bas pre-
cisely the same fruit (above a foot long in our specimens), dilfers chiefly in broader leaflets, a
broader calyx more regularly 5-cleft, broader petals, aud stili more numerous and shorter
filaments.

15. BOMBAX, Linn.

(Salmalia, Schotf.)

Calyx cup-shaped, truncate, or splitting into 3 to 5 lobes. Staminal co-
lumn divided into numerous filaments, of wliicli the iuner ones, or nearly all,
are more or less connected in pairs and nnited at the base into 5 or more
bundles. Ovary 5-celled, with several ovules in each cell ; style ckib-shaped,
or shortly 5-lobed at the top. Capsule woody or coriaceous, opening loculi-
cidally in 5 valves, the cells densely woolly inside. Seeds obovoid or glo-
bular, enveloped in the wool of the pericarp ; albnmen thin ; cotyledons much
fulded round the radicle.— Trees. Leaves digitate, Avith leaflets usually
entire. Peduncles 1-flowered, axillary or terminal. Plowers white or red.

The species are chiefiy South American, with one fi-om tropical Afi-ica, and another from
tropical Asia extending also into Australia.

1. B. malabaricum, DC. Prod. i. 479. A large tree, the trunk
covered with short conical prickles. Leaves on long petioles, deciduous ;
leaflets 5 to 7, petiolulate, elliptical-oblong, acuminate, 4 to 6 in. long, coria-
ceous, entire, glabrous. Plowers large, red, on short pedicels, clustered towards
the ends of the branches which are then destitute of leaves. Calyx above 1 in.
long, thick and coriaceous, glabrous outside, silky-hairy inside, dividing into
short broad obtuse lobes. Petals fully 3 in. long, oblong, tomentose out-
side, nearly glabrous within. Staminal colunm short, filaments much longer,
but shorter than the petals, five innermost forked at the top, each branch
■bearing an anther, about 10 intermediate ones siraple, and the numerous
outer ones shortly united in 5 clusters. Capsule large, oblong, and woody.
— Salmalia malabarica, Schott, Meletem. 35 ; Bombnx heptaphylla, Cav. ;
Roxb. PI. Corom. iii. 43, t. 247 ; Wight, III. t. 29.

224- XXI. MALVACE^. [Bombax.

N. Australia. Carpeuing Bay, N.W. coast, A. CiinningJiatn. The specimeu consists
of a single tlower ; the tbliage aud fruit are therefore described from East ludian specimens,
where the specics has a cousiJerable rauge.

Order XXII. STERCULIACE^.

Flowers regular, liermaplirodite or unisexual. Calyx usually persisteut,
more or lcss deeply dividcd into 5 or rarely 4 or 3 valvate lobes or segments,
or rarely splitting irregularly, or the sepals entirely free. Petals either 5,
hypogynous, free, or adhering to the stamiiial cohunn, contorted-imbricate in
the bud, or small and scale-like, or none. Stamens usually united into a ring,
a cup, or tube, with 5 terminal teeth or lobes (staminodia) alternating with
the petals, and one or more anthers sessile or stipitate (on distinct tihiments)
in each interval, the anthers 2-celled and opening outwards, in longitudinal
slits, or exceptionally the anthers are numerous or the staminodia wanting,
or the stamens 5, free and alternate with the sepals or the anther-cells con-
fluent or opening in terminal pores. Ovary free, 2- to 5-celled, with the
cai-pels more or less united, rarely 10- or 12-celled, or reduced to a single
carpel. Style entire, or divided into as many branches as there are cells, or
rarely styles as raany, nearly or quite free. Fruit various. Seeds sometimes
hairy but not woolly, soraelimes enveloped in pulp or stropliiohite, the testa
coriaceous, occasionally enclosed in an outer membranous integument ; albu-
men fleshy or none ; cotyledons usually foliaccous, flat or fohled, the radicle
shorter, next the hilum or rarely distant from it. — Herbs, shrubs, or trees,
the tomentiun or hairs steUate, rarely mixed with simple hairs. Leaves alter-
nate or irregularly opposite, simple and pinnately or pabnately nerved, entire
toothed or lobed, or digitately compound. Stipides rarely wauting.

A large Order, chiefly tropical, dispersed over the New aud the Old World, with some
extratropical gencra in S. Africa or Australia, aud very few species without the tropics iu the
Northeru hemisphere. Of the 19 Australian geuera 10 are common to the tro])ical rcgious of
the Old World or both of the Old aud the New Workl, the remainiiig 9 are cudemic, with
the exceptiou of siugle species of Jiulingia aud Keraudrenia, fouud iu JNIadagascar.

Anthers 5 to 15, sessile or slipitate, surrouudiug the ovary at the
top of a columu or gyuophore
Flowers unise.vual or polt/gamous. No pefals. Anthers sessile.
No staminodia. Fruit-carpels separate, scssile or stipitate.
Trecs. Lcavcs siniple or digitate. (Tribe Sterculiese.)
Aulhers irrcgularly ekistered. Seeds albuminous.

Ovules 2 or more iu each cell. Carpels foUicular or open-

iug along the inuer edge 1. STKRCtJLi.v.

Ovules siugle iu each ccU. Carpels wingcd, indchiscent . . 2. Takrietia.
Authcrs 5, in a riug. Ovules solitary. Carpels large, indehis-

cent. Albumeu uoue 3. Hkritiera.

Plowers herinaphrodite. Petah 5, clawcd. Authers on short
lilaments, surrounding or alternating with 5 teeth of the co-
Inmn or staminodia. Leaves sim])]e. (Tribe Helicterese.)
Anther-cells divaricate or couflneut iuto one. Fruit-carpels dis-

tiuet, or spiraliy twisted 4. HtLiCTERES.

Auther-cells parallcl. Fruit woody, 5-valved. Seeds wiuged . 5. Pterospermum.
Stamens 5 (or iu Abroma more), uuited at the base in a short cup or
ring, or rarely frec, with or without interveuing staminodia, and
surrounding the scssiie oVary.

XXII. STERCULIACE.?!:. 225

Pefalsflat, longer than the eaJyx.

Stamens 5, united in a cup, with 5 intervening elongated flat

staminodia ^ 6. Melhania.

Stamens 5, uuited at the base without interveuing staminodia.
(Tribe Hermanniese.)

Ovary S.cellcd 7. Melochia.

Ovary 2-celled 8. Dicarpidium.

Ovary of one 1-celled carpel . , 9. Waltheeia.

Petahwith a short, broad, rcry concave base, and a sessile or sti-
pitate lamina. (Tribe Buettneriese.)
Lamina of the petals stipitate, longer than the calyx. Stamino-

dia 5, obeordate, with 2 to 4 stamens between each . . . 10. Abroma.
Laraina of the petals short, sessile, stamens 5.

Staminodia single between each 2 stamens, bnceolate . . . 11. Rulingia.
Stamiuodia 3 between each 2 stamens, all linear-spathulate, or

the central one lanceokte, and the kteral ones'subuIate . 12. Commersonia.
Petals srnall and scale-Iike or 7ione. (Tribc laasiopetalese.)
Anthers (linear-ol)long) opening outwards in parallcl slits.

Calyx herbaceous, scarcely eularged, aud not coloured after

flowering. Starainodialarge. Carpels membranous, winged 13. Seeixgia.
Calyx enlarged after flowering, thiu and coloured. Staraiuodia
single or none. Capsule or carpcls membranous, rounded

or rarely winged 14. Keraudrenia.

Calyx strongly ribbed after floweriug. Staminodia 3 between

each 2 stameus. Capsule hard or woody 15. Hannafordia.

Anthers (often obtusely sagittatc or acuminate) opening in ter-
minal or inwardly oldiquepores, or in slits, extending more
or less down the sidcs.
Calyx divided to above or a little below the middle, enlarged,
and coloured after flowering, each sepal with the midrib
either very promineut inside or dceplv coloured. Stipules

leafv or rarely noue " 16. Thomasia.

Calyx divided to the middle or lower, each sepal with 3 or 5

ribs, yery promiuent after flowering. Stipulcs leafy . . 17. Guichenotia.
Calyx dividedalmost to the base, scarcely eularging, obscnrely

several-veined at the base. Stipules aone '.18. Lasiopetalum.

Sepals eutirely free, narrow and petal-like. Stipules very

smallornone I9. LysiosErALUM.

1. STERCULIA, Linn.
(Brachychiton, Trichosiphou, and Pircilodermis, Schott ; Delabechea, Lindl.)
Flowers xmisexual or polygamoiis. Calyx more or less deeply 5-cleft,
rarely 4-cleft, usually coloured. Petals none. Staminal column adnate to
the g-ynopliore, bearino^ at the sumniit 15 or ravely 10 staraens, irregularly
clustered in a head. Carpels of the ovary 5, distinct or nearly so, with 2 or
more ovules in each. Styles united under the peltate or lobate stigma. Fruit-
carpels distinct, spreading, either iirm or woody, and scarcely opening along
the inner edge, or thinner, and opening as follicles, even long before they are
ripe. Seeds 1 or inore in each carpel, rarely winged ; albumen adhering to
the cotyledons, often splitting in two, assuming the aspect of fleshv cotvledons;
real cotyledons fiat or nearly so, and thin, tlie radicle next the' hilum or at
the opposite end, or intermediate. — Trecs. Leaves undivided or lobed, or
digitately compound. Flowers in panicles or rarely racemes, mostly axil-
lary, sometimes very short ; terrainal flowtrs usuaUv female, in these the

VOL. I. ' Q

226 XXII. sTERCULiACE^. [StercuHa.

staminal coluinn is shorter aud the anthers less perfect than in the )nales,
sun-ounding tlie base of the ovary ; in the males the ovary is often entirely
abortive.

A large genus, almost cmtirely tropical, and more abunclaiit in Asia than in Africa or America,
■where howcvcr several s])ecies are found. The Australian ones are all endemic, except
S.fuetida, which is a widcly-spread Asiatic one.

The spocies of this gcnus wcre distributed by Schott into a number of genera, founded
chictly 011 the flowers and habit, afterwards icduccet and rearrangcd by R. Brown, chiefly on
carpological characters, wilhout reference to habit or calyx. Tlic majority of the Australian
ones belong to the group distinguished by R. Brown chiefly by the secds havinga loose outer
coating covcrcd with hairs, which in some spccies arc so adhesive that the seeds fall out in
their inucr coating only, leaving the outcr coating adhering to the cqually hairy endocarp,
with the a])pearance of the cclls of a beehive ; and by the radicle next to the hihtm. Thc sced8
do not apixar to cohere in all the species, in sonie thcy are hitherto unknown, and in flowers
aud habit, »S'. raniiflora and 6\ riipestris, S.fcetida and S. quadrifida are more difiercnt froni
each othcr than froni species belonging respectively to othcr groups. Amoug spccies not
Australian, the position of the radicle unites two very hcteromorphous ones under Firmiana,
and woukl (as observed to me by M. Poiusot, of the Paris Herbarium) lead to separate
/S. mexicana from other digitatc-leaved American species. I have therefore, with Endlicher
and others, considered Schott and Brown's genera as sections only.

Sect. 1. Sterculia. — Radicle at the end remoie from the /lilum. Seeds and inside
of the carpels (jlahrous.
Leaves digitate. Calyx-lobcs 5, spreading. Staminal column long and

incurvcd 1. S.fatida.

(See 12. S. rvpestris, which has the leaves sometimes digitate.)
Leaves large, entire. Calyx-lobes 4, coheriug at the tips . . . . 2. S. quadrifida.

Sect. 2. Brachycliiton. — Radicle next the hilum. Seeds and inside of the carpels
usually villous, often cohering. Leaves eniire or lobed {digiiate only on sonie hranches of
S. rupestris). Caly.r-lohes spreading.

Calyx-lobes (where known) with induplicate margins. Seeds (where known) scarcely coher-
ing. Leaves tomentose or pubescent, at lcast underneath. Flowers large, sessile.
{Brachychiton, Schott.)
Leaves greeu and softly tonicntose or pubescent on both sides.
Leaves broad, eutire or obscui-ely 5- or 7-lobed. Calyx broadly

carapanulate 3. iS. ratnifora.

Leaves 3-lobed. Calyx tubular-campanulate 4. ^. Bidwilli.

Leavcs palmately 5- or 7-lobed 1. S. lurida.

Leavcs whitc uuderneath.

Leaves angular or obscurely 5- or 7-lobcd 5. S. discolor.

Leaves palmately 5- or 7-lobed, with acmninate lobes .... 6. 5. incana.
Calyx-h)bcs strictly valvate. Outer coatiug of the secds usually re-
maiuing adhcrent to the endocarp. Leaves glabrous. Flowers in
short i^anicles.
Cfdyx narrow, lobes lanceolate, shorter than the tube. Leaves pal-

niately 5- or 7-lobcd {Trichosiphon, Schott) S. S. trichosiphon.

Calyx broadly cami^anulate, deeply lobed {Pcecilodermis, Schott).

Leavcs Largc, palmately 5- or 7-lobed. Flowers qiiite glabrous . 9. S. acerifoUa.
Leavcs entire, ovate or cordate, or 3-lobcd, acuminate. Flowers
tomentose outside when young, glabrous inside. Follicles sti-

pitate \^. S. diversifolia.

Leaves cordate.acuminate, entire. Flowers tomentose outside,

hirsute insidc at the base. Foliicles ncarly sessile .... 11. S. caudala.
Leavcs entire and lanceolate, or digitate. Flowcrs tomentose outside.

Follicles long-.stipitate 12. 5. rupestris.

1. S. foetida, Linn. ; DC. Prod. i. 483. A tall stout tree, glabrous, except

I

Slerculia.'] xxii. sterculiace.e. 227

the very young leaves. Leaves crowdecl at tlie ends of tlie thick branehlets,
deciduous, digitately compound on long petioles ; leaflets 5 to 11, elliptical
oblong or ahnost lanceoLite, 4 to 8 in. long-, mostly acuminate, entire, cori-
aceous, contracted into short petiokdes. Flowers ratlier hirge, of a duU red,
coniing out with the young leaves in loose, simple or branched racemes, not
exceeding the petioles. Calyx deeply divided into 5 lanceohite spreading
segments, about ^ iu. long, glabrous outside, tomentose inside. Staminal
cohiinn or gynophore slender and curved, both in the males and females.
Ovary very villous, 5-ceIled, with many ovules in each celL PolHcles large,
woody, glabrous outside, librous within. Seeds 10 to 15, oblong, the ]-adicle
remote from the hilum. — R. Br. in Benn. PL Jav. Ear. 227; Wight, Ic. t.
ISl and 364.

N. Australia. N. coast {R. Brnicii).

N. S. "Wales. Hastiiigs and Mackay rivers, Beckler.

1 have not seen R. Bro\vn's speciniens, and Bec-kler"s are leaves only. I insert the spe-
cies therefore on Bro\va's authority, dcscribing it tVoni Indian specimens. It ranges over
the East Indiau aud Malayan peninsulas aud the Archipelago.

2. S. quadrifida, R. Br. in Benn. Pl. Jav. Rar. 233. Glabrous, ex-
cept the iuflorescence. Leaves petiolate, ovate or cordate, obtuse or acumi-
nate, mostly 3 to 5 in. long. Eacemes severaL crowded within the upper-
most leaves, 1 to 2 in. long, clothed with a stellate tomentum. Bracts broad,
acuminate, very deciduoiis. Pedicels 2 to 4 lines. Calyx about 4 hnes long,
tomentose, cleft to the middle, the lobes usually 4, lanceolate, connivent and
cohering at the tips. Staminal cohnnn short. FoUicles sessile, ovoid, 2 to 3
in. long, hard and almost woody, minutely tomentose or ghabrous. Seeds 2
to 4, ovoid, black, the radicle remote from the hikim.

N. Australia. Sims Island, J. Cimningham ; Arnhem's Land, F. Mueller ; Port
Essingtou, Armstrong ; Cape Upstart, M'GiUivray.

Queensland. Delta of the Burdekin and Port Denison, Fitzalan ; Wide Bay, Bid-
tcil! ; ^Jcreton Bay, F. Mueller.

The northeru specimens have longer and more acute leaves, aud rather smaller flowers on
loDger pedicels thau thc eastern ones.

3. S. raiuiflora, Benth. A shrub or smaU tree, clothed with a soft
steUate tomentum or pubescence, which rarely disappears on the ujjper surface
of the older leaves. Leaves on long petioles, broadly ovate-cordale or nearly
orbicular, mostly acuminate, entire, augular or obscurely 3- or 5-lobed, often
attaining 5 or 6 iu. Flowers few, harge, red, nearly sessile, and clustered
in the axils of the upper leaves. Calyx broadly campanulate, 1 to l^ in. long,
the lobes shorter than the tube, spreading, obtuse, 3-nerved in the centre,
with broad induplicate margins ; inside the tube at the base are 5 siuaU,
inflexed, and very villous double scales. Staminal column slender, hirsute at
the base. Ovary pubescent ; stigraas recurved. FoUicles shortly stijjitate,
3 to 4 in. long, glabrous outside, viUous inside, stipitate (accordiiig to
R. Browu), mth very numerous seeds ; I have not seen them perfect. —
Braclujclnton paradoxHUi, Sehott, Meletem. 34 ; BrachjcliHon ramifiorim,
R. Br. in Benn. PL Jav. Rar. 234.

N. Australia. Brunswick and Vansittarfs Bays, N.W. coast, A. Cunningham ; Vic-
toria river and Point Perroii, F. Mueller.

Q 2

228 XXII. STERCL"LiAC£,.E. [Steixulia.

4. S. Bidwilli, IIoo/c. Herb. A slirub or Iree, softly pubesceut or
tomentose iu all its parts, closely allied to S. ramijlora, but ditrering in tlie
leaves alniost always deeply 3-lobed vvith acuniinate lobes, green, and soitly
villous on botli sides, and especially in tlie calyx, wliicli is narrow, tubular-
cauipanulate, 1 to l^ in. long ; the red colour aud induplicate lobes are the
same as in S. ramijlora. — Brachjcldlon Bidwilli, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 5133.

Queensland. AVide Bay, Bidivill ; Burdekia Expedition, Herh. Maeller ; also in
LeichhardC s collection.

F. iMuellcr's herbarium coutains a leaf pathered by C. i\Ioorc iu the niountains near
Ipswich, preciscly like sonie of those of <S'. BidviUi, but with a incmorauduni by C. Moore
that the llower is only \ iu. long. If that be the case, it probably fornis adistinct specics,
named by F. Mueller S. pubescens.

5. S. discolor, F. MneU. A tall tree, the young shoots tomentose.
Leaves very broadly cordate, nearly orbicular, shortly aciuninate, angular or
very shortly and irreguhirly 5- or 7-lobed, glabrous above, white underneath
with a very close toraentum, mostly 4 to 6 in. diameter. Flowers (if cor-
rectly matched) like those of S. ramijlora, and similarly chistered. Calyx
1|- to 2 iu. long, broadly campanulate, tomentose inside and out, divided to
the middle into broad lobes with induplicate margins. Follicles very shortly
stipitate, 4 to 6 in. long, acuminate ; deusely rusty-tomentose outside. —
Bracliycldlon discolor, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 1.

N. Australia. Buckland's Table Land, A. C. Gregory.
Queensland. Pine rivcr, /////.

K, S. '^Vales. Clarcnce aud Richmond rivers, C. Moore, Becller.
The specimens I have seen are ia leaf only, with loose flowers and fruits.

6. S. incana, Benth. A tree, densely clothed with a close, soft toraen-
tum, very wliite on tlie under side of the leaves. Leaves deeply divided into
5 or 7 pahuate broadly lanceolate lobes, the hirger U^aves fiiUy 8 in. diameter.
Flowers not known. Follicles sessile, ovoid, shortly acuminate, thick and
woody, softly tomentose outside, densely tomentose-hirsute inside as well as
the seeds, wliich however do uot appear to cohere as in some species. —
Brachychifon incannvi, R. Br. in Benn. Pl. Jav. Rar. 234 ; Slerculia aceri/olia,
A. Cuun. in Loud. Ilort. Brit. 392 (in part).

W. Australia. Canibridge Gulf, K.W. coast, A. Cunninyham. The specimeus are in
leaf and fruit.

7. S. lurida, I\ Muell. A tree. Leaves ou long petioles, deeply 5- or
7-lobed, the lobes sinuate or even lobed as in S. acerifolia, and of the same
size, but softly pubescent, especially underneath. Flow^ers like those of S.
discolor, of a livid variegated colour. Calyx campanulate, l^ to 2 in. long,
diviiled to the michlle into broadly ovate lobes, with the margins thin and in-
duplicate. Follicles (according to F. Mueller) shortly stipitate, large, to-
mentosc, raany-seeded. — Brachychiton lnridum, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 1, and
ii. 177.

N. S. 'Wales. Clareuce river, C. Moore. The specimens I have seen arc in leaf,
with loose tiowers. _ The real distiuctious betweeu S. ramijlora, S. Bidwilli, S. discolor, S.
incana, and S. liirida, which ahme cnter iuto the section Brachychiton as origiually detined
by Schott, caunot be well ascertaiued until we have more complete specimens, wilh the
leaves, flowers, and fniits properly matched. These can ouly be procured by residents in the
country itself, as these organs are generally devcloped at difFereut seasous. '

Steradia.] xxii. sterculiace,e. 229

8. S. trichosiphon, Benth. A tree, quite glabrous, leafless when in
flower. Leaves 4 to 8 in. long and liroad, more or less deeply cut into 5 or
rarely 7 paluiate lobes, sometiraes broad and sliortly acuminate, sometimes
lanceolate witii long points, and glabrous on botli sides, Racemes short,
mostly simple. Calyx narrow, tubiilar-campanidate, about f in. long, the
lobes lanceolate, spreading, much shorter than the tube. Starainal column
swoUen and hairy in the middle. Stigma peltate. Follicles shortly stipitate,
ghibrous, oblong-triangular, 2 to 3 in. long. — TricJiosiphon australe, Schott,
Melet. 3-4 ; Brachychiton platunoides, R. Br. in Benn. Pl. Jav. Rar. 234.

K. Australia. Abel Tasman river, F. Miieller ; Nicol Bay, F. Gregory.

Queensland. Nortliumberlaud Islaud {R. Browyi), Biu'dekiQ and Suttor and Dawson
rivers, F. Miieller ; Wide Bay, Bidwill. The few flovvers I have seen were much damaged
by iusects. I have not seen )X. Brovvn's specimens.

9. S. acerifolia, A. Ciinn. in Loud. Hort. Brit. 392 (^partly). A large
timber-tree, quite glabrous. Leaves on long petioles, deeply 5- or 7-lobed;
lobes oblong-huiceolate or almost rhomboid, occasionally deeply sinuate, the
whole leaf often 8 or 10 in. diameter, thin but shining, and glabrous on both
sides. Flowers of a rich red, in loose axillary racemes or small panicles of 2
to 3 in. Calyx broadly campanulate, f in. long, quite glabrous, with short
broad lobes, valvate in the bud. Ovary raised on a short coluran, quite gia-
brous, the carpels quite distinct, and the styles scarcely cohering at the broad
radiating stignias. FoIIicles large, on long stalks, quite giabrous. — Brachy-
chiton acerifoUum, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 1, and ii. 177.

W. S. Wales. Illawarra, A. Cunningham, M'Arthur, where it is known by the name
of " Flame-tree ;" ^lacleay aud Clarence rivers, Beckler.

10. S. diversifolia, G. Don, Gen. Syst. i. 516. A tree of from 20 to
60 ft., quite glabrous except the flowers. Leaves on long petioles, giabrous
and shining, either entire and from ovate to ovate-Ianceolate, or more or less
deeply 3- or rarely 5-Iobed, the 2 lateral lobes sometimes very short, some-
times all lanceolate, 2 or 3 in. long, the simple leaves or their lobes alvvays
ending in long points. Flowers iu axillary panicles, rarely exceeding the
leaves. Calyx very broadly campanulate, slightly tomentose when young,
attaining when fully out 7 to 9 lines diameter, acutely lobed to the middle,
of a yellowish-white and giabrous except the ciliate margins outside, reddish
and glabrous within. Staminal coluran also glabrous. Ovary slighlly to-
mentose. FoUicles nearly ovoid, 1| to 2 or even 3 in. long, thick and gla-
brous, on stalks of 1 to 2 iu., the endocarp and outer coating of the seeds
very shortly hirsnte and cohering. — Pcecilodermis popidnea, Schott, Melet.
33; Brachychiton popiilneum, R. Br. in Benn. Pl. Jav. Bar. 234 ; F. IMuell,
PI. Vict. i. 156, and Suppl. 5.

Queensland. Dawson river, F. Mueller ; Rockhampton, Thozet ; in the interior,
MitcheU, according to whom the natives eat the pods.

N. S. 'Wales. Froui New Eugland, C. Stuart, and Macleay river, Beclder, to Two-
fold Bay, F. Mueller ; in the interior, Fraser ; Lachlan river, .'/. Cunningham.

Victoria. Grauite ranges on Snovvy River and its tributaries, and Hume river, F.
Mueller.

Var. (?) occidentalis. Leaves mostly deeply 3-lobed with narrow lobes, with the addition
sometimes of short lateral lobes. Calvx rather smaller and more tomentose than in the

230 XXII. STERCiJLiACE.f:. [^Sterculia.

eastern fonii, but not fiilly out in our specimens, aud quite glabrous inside. — Brachychiton
Grff/orii, Y. .Mucll. iu Ilook. Kew Journ. i.x. 199.
\V. Australia. Muvciiison river, Gregory, Bnunmond, ^th Coll. n. 93.

11. S. caudata, Hetcard, in Herb. Ciinn. A tree, quite glabrous except
the flo\ver.s. Leaves ovate-cordate, entire, long-acuminate, mostly 3 or 4 in.
lono-, the veins raore transverse than in any other species, some occasionally
narrow-obloiio' or liiicar. Flowers rather small, in short axillary panicles, the
rachis and pedicels quite glabrous. Calyx broadly campanuhite, deeply lobed,
6 to 7 lines diameter when fuUy out, very tomentose outside, pubescent in-
side especially at the bottoin, but without appendages. Staminal colunui
slender iu the males, short in the feniales, pubescent at the base. Ovary
very tomentose. Follicles glabrous, ovoid, rather large and thick, almost
sessile. — Bruclujchiton diversifolium, R. Br. in Benn. Pl. Jav. Rar. 234.

N. Australia. Careeniug Bay, N.W. coast, J. Cunninoham ; Victoria river and Point
Pearce, F. Mueller. I havc been unable to retaiu R. Brovvu's specific name, which had
been previously applied by G. Don to the last species.

12. S. rupestris, Bentli. A cousiderable tree, the trunk often swelling
out to a hirge size, contracted at the top and bottom. Leaves quite glabrous,
either quite eiitire, oblong-linear or lanceolate, 3 to 6 in. long, or digitate,
consisting of 5 to 9 linear-lanceolate sessile leaflets, often above 6 in. long.
Panicle tomentose, usually longer than the petioles. Calyx about 4 lines
long, campanulate, deeply lobed, toraentose both inside and out. Staminal
column short, hirsiite at the base. FoUicles ovoid, acurainate, about 1 in.
long, on stalks longer than theniselves. Seeds, when de])rived of the outer
coatiug which remains adherent to the eudocarp, sraooth aud shining, marked
with a large scar at Ihe chahizal end, but the radicle in those I have opened
always next to the true hihim. — Belabechea riipestris, LindL in ^litch. Trop.
Austr. 155 ; Brachychilon Delahechii, F. Muell. PI. Vict. i. 157.

Queensland. Isolated sunimits of the Grafton range, Mitche.ll ; Wide Bay, Bidicill ;
Dawson, Mackenzie, aud Burnett rivers, Rockhanipton aud Peak Downs, F. Mueller. The
colonists give it the name of " Bottle-tree," on account of the siugular shape the trunk often
assumes. The digitate leaves appcar to grovv on luxuriant barren brauches, for I have never
seen them on flowering spcciniens.

2. TAERIETIA, Blume.
(Argyrodendron, F. Muell.)
Fbwers unisexuaL Calyx 5-cleft. Petals none. Staminal cohiran short,
adnate to the gynophore, bearing at the summit 10 to 1") anthers irregularly
clustered in a head. Cai-pels of the ovai-y 3 to 5, nearly distinct, 1-ovuIate
rarely 2-ovuIatc. Stylcs as many, shortly filiform, stigraatic ou the inner
edge. Fruit-caiioels or samaras distinct, spreading, indehiscent, produced at
the back inl.o a wing. Sced oblong, albunien splitting in two, cotyledons
flat. — Tall trecs. Leaves digitately compound, glabrous or scurfy. Flowers
sraall and numerous, in axillary or lateral pauicles.

Besides the Australian species, which is endemic, there is auother from tlie ludian Archi-
pelago.

1. T. argyrodendron, Benth. A tall tree, glabrous except minute
scurfy scales on the young shoots and inflorescence, and often on the under

Tarrietia.'] xxii. sterculiace.e, 231

side of tlie leaves. Leaflets 3, or on the younger trees often 5, petiolulate, ob-
]ong or larceolate, obtuse or acuminate, 3 to 4 in. long, coriaceous. Panicles
dichotonious, the upjDcr ones sometimes exceeding the leaves. l^lowers very
numerou?;. Calyx broadly campaiudate, about 3 lines diameter. Carpels
with a scmiorbicuhu- wiiig about 1 in. long. — Argyrodendroa trifuUolatnin, F.
Mucll. Fragm. i. 2, ii. 177.

Queensland. Common ia shadv woods ou the Brisbaue, A. Cuiiningham ; Pine river,
W. llill.

N. S. TVales. Richmoud aud Clarence rivers, C. Moore.

The timber of this tree is said to be hard, aud vahiablc for buikling. The flowers in the
Japauese species are much smaller aud niore numerous, but the structure is the same, its
carpels having a wing of 2 to 3 in.

Var. graiidijlora. Calyx 4 liues diaraeter. Stigmas short aud broad. Port Denisou,
Fitzalan.

3. HERITIERA, Ait.

Flowers unisexual. Calyx 5-toothed or 5-cleft. Petals none. Staminal
column slender, bearing on the outside below the summit a ring of 5 anthers
with parallel cells. Carpels of the ovary 5, nearly distinct, 1-ovulate ; style
short, with 5 rather thick stigmas. Fruit-carpels woody, indehiscent, keeled
or abnost winged on the back. Seeds without albumen, cotyledons very
thick, the radicle next the hiliim. — Trees. Leaves undivided, coriaceous,
scurfy underneath, penninerved. Flowers small, in axiUary panicles.

The genus consists of two tropical Asiatic seacoast trees, of which tlie one exteuding to
Australia has the widcst range.

1. H. littoralis, Ait. ; DC. Prod. i. 484. A tree, attaining a con-
siderable size. Leaves very shortly petiolate, oval or oblong, the larger ones
fidly 8 in. by 4, but often much smaller, quite entire, coriaceous, glabrous
above, silvery underneath with a close scaly tomentum. Flowers small, nu-
merous, in loose tomentose panicles in the upper axils much shorter than the
leaves. Calyx about 2 lines long. Staminal colinnn in the males, pistil in
the females, much shorter than the calyx. Fruit carpels sessile, ovoid, 2 to 3
in. long, thick and ahnost woody, with a slightly projecting inner edge, and
a strong, projecting, almost winged keel along the outer edge.

Queensland. N.E. coast, A. CunningJiam. Widely dispersed over the seacoasts of
tropical Asia.

4. HELICTERES, Linn.

(Methorium, Schott.)

Calyx tubnlar, 5-cleft at the top, often oblique. Petals 5, equal or the 2 upper
ones broader, the clavvs elongated, and all or two of them often with a iateral
appendage. Staminal coluran adnate to the gynophore, truncate at the
top, or more frequently bearing 5 teeth or small lobes (staminodia), with 1 or
2 stipitate antliers between each, antlier-cells divaricate, often confluent into
one. Ovary nearly sessile on the top of the staminal coluran, 5-Iobed, 5-ceIIed,
with several ovules in each cell. Styles 5, siibulate, more or less connate,
slightly thickened and stigmatic at the top. Fruit-carpels distinct or separat-
ing, opening along their inner edge, straight or spirally twisted. Seeds with
littie albumen, cotyledons leafy, folded round the radicle. — Trees or slirubs,

233 XXII. sTERCULiACE.i;. {Jlelicteres.

with stellafe or branched toinentum. Leaves entire, serrate or obscurely
lobed. riowers axillary, solitary or clustcred. Bracteolcs none or distant
from the calyx. Capsules usually tomentose, the ckistcrs of tonicntum often
forming long wooUy proccsses. The appendagcs ou thc cLiws of the petals
appear to vary iu ditferent tiowers of the sanie species.

A considciable gcnus, disperscd over the tropical regious both of the New and the Old
"World, but chietly American. Of the .\ustralian species one is a comnion Asiatic one, the
two others endcinic. The frcquently uuilocular anlhcrs closely coiniect thc gcnus with 3Icil-
vacece. The othcr characlcrs are however more of Sterculiacecc, and iu souie species the
anthcrs are distiuctly biiocidar.

Calyx 2 in. long. Carpels spirally twistcd \. II. Isuni.

Calyx not above 2 lincs long. Carpels straight.

Leaves obtnse, entire 2. H. cana.

Leaves toothcd, uiostly acute '6. H. dentata.

1. H. Isora, Liun. ; DC. Prod. i. 4-75, A shrub or small tree, with a
rather rough stellate pubescence. Leaves on short petioles, broadly obovate
or orl)icu]ar, oftcn oblique, irreguUu'ly toothed or tiie lowcr ones obscurely
3-lobed, niostly about 4 in. loug, scnbrous above, more or less tomentose
underneath or sprinkled with short stellate hairs. Pedicels short, usually 2
or 3 togcther. Calyx \ in. long or rather longer, obliqucly and unequally
5-toothed. Pctals red, twice as long as the calyx, 2 of tliem much broader
than the 3 others. Anthers 10, on short filaments, alternating iu pairs
with the linear staminodia round the ovary. Fruit about 1 in. long, on a
stalk of 1| to 2 in., slightly tomentose, the carpels spirally twisted. — VVight,
Ic. t. 180; Bot. Mag. t. 2061.

W. Australia. Roper river, F. Mueller. Comnion in East Lulia and the Archipelago.

2. H. cana, Benth. A shrub, densely clothed with a short, soft or vclvety
Avliitish tomentiun. Leaves on short petioles, oval or oval-oblong, obtuse,
1-j to 2| in. long, entire or vcry obscurely toothed towards the top. Flowers
small, in very short axillary sessile cymes or chisters. Calyx about 2 lines
long, with short acute teeth. Petals not twice as long, nearly equal or the
upper ones rather broadcr. Anthers 10, small, tlie filameiits rather long, al-
ternating in pairs with the shorter ovate, very tliin and transparent stami-
nodia. Pruit ovoid, uudcr \ iu. loiig, on a stalk of about 2 liues, loosely
woJly, the carpcls straight. — MHhorium cauinn, Schott, Meletein. 29, t. 5 ;
M. iukujrifuHiou, P. Muell. Trans. Piiil. Soc. Yict. iii. 40.

W. Australia. Brunswick Bay and York Sonad, A. Cunningkam ; Upper Victoria
river, F. Muellfr.

3. H. dentata, F. Mnell. Hcrh. Apj)arcntly a small shrub or under-
shrub, the slendcr brauchcs, iullorcsceucc, and luider side of the leaves
whitish with a closc stellate toincntum. Lcaves shortly petiolate, from orbi-
cular to ovate or oblong-elliptical, rather acutc, rarcly cxcccding 1 in., niore
or lcss toothed, grecner aud less tomentosc abovc than underneath. Plowers
pink or purple, rathcr smallcr, niore numcrous, and in looser cymes than iu
H. caua. Caly.K rarely attaiuing 2 liiies. Petals and stamens as in H. cana,
but the staminodia nuich shorter and broadcr, and exceedingly delicate. Fruit
small, with straight carpels.

N. Australia. Upper Victoria river, F, Mueller.

Hdicteres.'] xxii. stebculiace.e. 233

Var. procumbens. Brauches procumbeut, \ to 2 ft. loug ; touientuni looser ; leaves
smaller and rounder, velvety-villous on the uppcr side ; staminodia longer. Macadam rauge,
F. Mueller.

Var. (?) jlageUaris. Branches prostrate, 1 to 2 ft. long ; leavcs nearly sessile, cordate or
orbicular, 1 to ] i iu. loug ; cymcs ou loug sleuder peduucles. Port Essiugtou, Armstrong.

5. PTEROSPERMUM, Sclireb.

Bracteoles 3, entire or laciniate, soinetimes very deciduous, or perhaps
none. Calyx tubular, .5-cleft, deciduous. Petals 5, often very long, deci-
duous. Staminal column adnate to the g-ynophore, divided at the top into
5 linear-chivate staminodia, with 3 stipitate authers between each ; anther-
cells linear, parallel. Ovary sessile in the top of the column, 5-celIed with
several ovules in «each cell. Style undivided, club-shaped, and 5-furrowed
at the top. Capsule woody or coriaceous, ovoid or oblong, terete or angular,
opeuing loculicidally in 5 valves. Seeds ascending, prodiiced into a wing at
the top ; albumen little or none ; cotyledons wrinkled or folded; radicle in-
ferior, rather long. — Trees or shrubs, clothed with a stellate tomentum or
scurfy scales. Leaves coriaceous, often oblique, entire, cuneate-toothed or
angled at the upper end, penninerved or several-nerved at the base. Peduncles
short, axillary, 1-flowered. Plowers often several inches long.

The genus is limited to East ludia and the Archipelago, the Australian species beiug pro-
bably the same as one of the Asiatic oues.

1. P. acerifolium, Wilhl. ; W. and Arn. Prod. 69? I have seen a
fragment only in very young bud, which agrees with this species in the very
angular rusty-tomentose young calyx, and in the bracteoles divided into nar-
row-linear lobes, and falling off at a very early stage. There are 3 leaves
only, tlie largest is, as in P. acerifoHinn, coriaceous, broad at the end, cordate
at the base, nearly glabrous above, tomentose uiiderneath, with about 11
prominent nerves radiating from the petiole ; but it is much narrower than
usual in that species, measuring 9 in. by 4. The 2 others are as yet not
half developed, but are broader in proportion, and altho\igh the specimen is
insufficient for identification, it shows no character to separate it from
P. acerifoUmii.—\N\g\\i, Ic. t. 631.

N. S. Wales. lllawarra? Vernon {Herb. F. Mueller).

6. MELHANIA, Forsk.

Bracteoles 3, persistent. Calyx divided almost to the base into 5 seg-
rnents. Petals 5, persistent. Staminal cup very short, bearing 5 ligulate
staminodia, and 5 stipitate anthers alternating with them, the anther-cells
parallel. Ovary sessile, 5-celled with 1 or moi'e ovules in each cell. Style
usually short, with 5 subulate branches, stigmatic along the inner side. Cap-
sule opening loculicidally iu 5 valves. Seeds with albumen ; cotyledons
folded, 2-cIeft ; radicle inferior. — Herbs, undershrubs, or small shrubs, softly
tomeutose. Leaves ovate or cordate, serrate-creiiate. Peduncles axillary,
1- or few-flowered. Bracteoles often exceeding the calyx. Flowers yellow.

The genus exteuds over the tropical aud subtropical regions of the Old Workl, but is most
abundant in Atrica. The Australian species is the same as au Indiau onc. The habit is
that of some MoJvaceiT.

234 XXII. sTEUCULiACEiE. [Melkania.

1. M. incana, lleyne ; W. and Arn. Prod. 08. A rather slender slirub
of 1 or several ft., Iioary or white except the npper side of the leaves with a
close or velvety toiueutum. Leaves shortly petiolate, oblong or ovate-lan-
ceoLate, obtuse, scarcely toothed, 1 to 2 or even 3 in. long, tomentose on both
sides, or nearly gUibrous above. Peduucles bearing 1, 2 or rarely 3 or 4
flowers, the pedicels very short. Bracteolcs narrow-iinear or subulate, rather
shorter thau the calyx. Sepals lanceolate-siibulate, toracutose, about 4 to 6
liucs long. Petals rather longer, broad, yellow. Staminodia linear, often 3
lines loug ; antliers shorter, liuear, on short fihiments. Style elongated.
Capsule tomentose, shorter than tlie calyx, with 2 or 3 seeds in each cell. —
M. oblomjifolia, F. Muell. Pragm. i. 69.

N. Australia. York SounJ, Cygnet Bay, and Dampier's Archipelago, A. Cunning-
ham; Upper Victoria river and Sturfs Crcek, JF. Mueller ; islands of tiie Gulf of Carpeu-
taria, R. Brown ; Albert river, Henne.

Queensland. Broad Souud, U. Brown ; Rockharapton and Burdekin rivers, F. Muel-
ler ; Port Curtis, M'GiUirrai/ ; Port Denison, Fitzalan.

The species is also found in thc East ludian pcniusula, aud a slight variety or closely
allied species in tropical Africa.

7. MELOCHIA, Linn.

(llicdleia, Vent.)

Calyx 5-lobed or 5-toothed, campanulate or inflated. Petals 5, spathulate
or oblong. Stamens 5, united at the base, without any or witli very minute
tooth-like intervening staiuiuodia ; anther-cells parallel. Ovary sessile or
shortly stipitate, 5-celIed with 2 ovides in each cell, styles 5, free, or united
at t1ie base, often thickened at the stigmatic top. Capsule opening locu-
licidally in 5 or fewer valves, some of the cells occasionally abortive. Seeds
usiially solitary in eacli cell, ascending, with more or less of albumen ; em-
bryo straight, with flat cotyledons. — Herbs, shrubs, or rarely trees, the stel-
late tomentum occasionally mixed with spreading hairs. Leaves serrate.
Flowers small, axillary or terminal, clustered or in cymes or panicles.

A large genus, dispcrsed ovcr the warmer regions of the globe, the herbaccous and suffru-
licosc sppcies chicfly Amcrican. The two Australian specics are both hcrbaceous ; one be-
longs to thc Americau series, the other is Asiatic.

Capsule very angular, pyramidal, much lougcr than thc calyx ... 1. 3I.pi/rawidata.
Capsule small, globular 2. 31. corchorifolia.

\. M. pyramidata, Linn. ; DC. Prod. i. 490. Herbaceous, with a hard
almost woody base, although sometinies anuual only. Branches slender,
divaricate, ofteu 2 or 3 ft. long, slightly pul)esccnt in a deciUTent liue or all
over. Leaves petiolate, lanceolate, or the lower ones ovate, the larger ones
1 to 2 iu. loug, scrrate, usually glabrous. Flowers small, purplish, 2 to 4
togcther iu little alniost sessile axillary umbels. Calyx 10-ribbed. Petals
about 2 liucs loug. Capsulc 3 to 4 liues long, aeurainate, the very proraiucnt
angles produced iuto short hori/.outal points, giving each valvc a rhouiboidal,
and the whole capsulc a pyrainidal shape. — A. Gray, Geu. III. t. 134.

N. Australia. Victoria rivcr, F. Micelfer.

Queensland. Rockhampton, Wattace.

The species is very gencrally distributed over Iropical Amcrica, and occurs also in E.
Africa, the Mauritius, and the Pacilic islands.

Melockia.] xxii. sterculiace.e. 235

2. M. corchorifolia, Llnn. Sptc. 9i4. Herbaceous, witli the liabit of
M.pyramidata, but usually more erect, glabrous or witli slig-htly pubescent de-
current lines. Leaves petiokUe, froni broadly ovate to lauceohite, inostly 1 to
2 in. long, serrate or crenate, glabrous. Flowers small, ])urplisli, nearly sessile
in clusters, usually several together in a broad, terminal, sessile cyme, rarely
a few smaller clusters in the upper axils. Calyx 5-angled. Petals about
2 lines long. Capsule small, depressed-globnlar, with scarcely promiuent
angles, sprinkled witli a few hairs, the valves very rarely splittiug septicidally.
— Riedleia corcJiorifoUa, DC. Prod. i. 491 ; W. and Arn. Prod. i. 66.

N. Australia. Port Essiugton, Armstrong ; Stiu^t^s Creek and Macadam range, F.

Miieller.

The species is common in E. ladia, aiid inchides M. concatenata, Linn., and M. siipina,
Linn., with all the syuonyms referred to these j^lants respectively by Wight and Aruott (L c,
under Riedleia). Some of the Australiau specinieus are niuch starved, with small, occa-
sionally axillary, heads of tiowers, appareutly approaehing BT. nodijfora, Svv., another wide-
spread tropical species, which however not only has all Ihe Howers in axillary clusters, but
the capsule is much more deeply furrowed, and usnally scpticidal as \\e\\ as loculicidal, the
carpels ofteii entircly separatiug.

8. DICARPIDIUM, Y. Muell.

Calyx 5-Iobed. Petals oblong-spathulate, persistent. Stamens 5, very
shortly united at the base, without intervening staminodia, anther-cells
parallel. Ovaiy sessile, 2-celled with 2 ovules in each cell ; styles 2, dis-
tinct, thickened upwards. Fruit-carpels separating, 2-valved, with 1 or 2
seeds in each. Seeds ascending ; albumen ileshy ; embryo straight, with flat
cotyledons. — An undershrnb, with the habit of WaUheria, from which the
genus only differs in the carpels, two instead of one. The flowers are also
more or less unisexual, but that is perhaps sometimes the case in JVal-
tlieria.

The geuus is hmited to the single Australian species.

1. D. monoicum, F. Muell. iii HooJc. Keio Joum. ix. 302. An under-
shrub of 1 to 2 ft., hirsute all over with rigid stellate hairs, the branches
rather slender, diffuse or erect. Leaves nearly sessile, oblong, mostly about

1 in. long, toothed, plicate, and densely hirsute. Flowers small, almost
sessile, solitary, or 2 or 3 together in tlie upper axils, each withiu a bract and

2 bracteoles, the niales with small carpels antl short styles, the ovules, although
apparently perfect, not setting ; the female flovvers rather smaller, with smaller
anthers, but perfecting their fruit. Carpels small, tomentose.

N. Australia. Macarthur river and Seven Enui creek, F. Mueller.

9. WALTHERIA, Linn.

CalNTi 5-Iobed. Petals 5, spathulate, persistent. Stamens 5, united at
the base, without interveuing staraiuodia ; auther-cells parallel. Ovary
sessile, consisting of a single 1-IocuIar, 2-ovulate carpel, style excentrical,
thickened or fringed upwards. Capsule 2-vaIved, 1-seeded. Seed ascend-
ing, albumeu tteshy ; embryo straight, cotyledons flat. — Herbs, iindershrubs,
or rarely trees, thc stellate toraentuiu usually mixed with spreading hairs.

236 XXII. STERCULiACE.i:. [Traltheria.

Leaves serrate. Stipules narrow. Flowers usiially suiall, axillary or terminal
in clusters, heads, cymes, or panicles.

The species are mostly Amcneaa, two are Africaii, and two from tlie Pacilic islands. The
Australian species is oiie wliich is very geuerally dispersed over the iropical regions of both
the Old World aiid the New.

1. W. americana, Lbin. ; DC. Frod. i. 492. A perennial or under-
slirub, 1 to 2 ft. or more high, densely tomentose or softly villous in every
part. Leaves sliortly petiolate, from ovate to oblong, 1 to ] ^- in. long, obtiise,
toothed and plicately veined. Fiowers small, yellow, in dense heads, ahnost
sessile in the axils of the leaves, or the upper oues clustered in a short sjnke,
or irregularly collected iuto dense cymes or leafy corymbs. Bracts narrow.
Calyx \\ to 2 liues long. Petals uearly twice as long, narrow, — TF. inciica,
Linn. ; 1)C. Prod. i. 493.

N, Australia. Caml)ridgc Gulf, A. Cu>/nin///ia»i ; Victoria river and Arnheni'8 Land,
F. Mucller ; Port Essington, Armstrong ; Giilf of Carpeiitaria, R. Brown, Landsborough.

Queeusland. Cape Flinders, A. Cunningham ; Port Denison, Fitzalan.

The species is coiumou withia or uear the tropics all rouud the globe.

10. ABROMA, Jacq.

Calyx 5-cIeft. Petals 5, the claw dilatcd and concave at the base, the
lamina stipitate, ovate, plaue. Stamiiial cup with 5 obcordate lobes (stami-
nodia) alternatiug with the petals, anthers 2 to 4 in each siuus, nearly sessile,
with divaricate cells. Ovary sessile, 5-celled with several ovules in each cell ;
styles 5, short, connivent. Capsule membranous, truncate, 5-angIed, the
angles winged and produced at the top into as mauy horn-Iike points, open-
ing at the top locidicidally and septicidally. Seeds several, albuminous ;
euibryo straiglit, witli tlat eotyledons. — Tall shrubs or small trees, with stel-
late pid)esceuee. Leaves entire or palmately lobed. Peduncles leaf-opposed
or terminal, few-flowered. Dissepiments of the capsule fringed at the inner
edge with long hairs.

A genus of two or three species from tropieal .\sia, one of them the sarae as the Austra-
lian one.

1. A. fastuosa, R. Br. ; BC. Prod. i. 485. A tall shrub, the branehes
softly pubescent, and bearing a few minute conical prickles. Leaves shortly
petiolate, obliquely cordate-ovate, acnminate, 4 to 6 iu. long, undivided,
slightly sinuale-toothed, nearly glabrous above, softly pubesceut nnderneath.
Peduueles very mueh shorter than the leaves, beariug a cluster of 3 to 5
shortly pedieellate flowers, one only usually fertile. Bracts linear, deeiduous.
Se])als narrow-lanceolate, al)out ^ in. loug. Petals rathcr cxceediug them,
the broadly ovate lamina supported abovc the concave base by a flliform stipes.
Capsule hirsute with a fcw rigid hairs, or at length glabrous, ^^ in. long,
the wings of the augles nearly i- in. broad, besides the long incurved points
of their upper angle. Seeds 10 lo 12 iu eaeh cell. — Gartn. Fr. i. t. 64;
Salisb. Parad. Lond. t. 102.

Queensland. Eudeavonr river, R. Brown {ITb. R. Br.).
The species is vvidely distributed over the Eastcrn Archipelago.

XXII. STERCULIACE.E. 237

11. RXJLINGIA, 11. Br.

(Achilleopsis, Tu)-cz.)

Calyx 5-lobe(l. Petals 5, broad and concare or convolute at the base,
witli a small, broad, or linear ligula at the top. Stamens shortly or scarcely
oonnate at the base, 5 without anthers (staminodia), linear-lanceolate and
petal-like, alternate with the petals and connivent or spreading; 5 short, op-
posite the petals, and perfect, the anther-cells parallel. Ovary sessile, 5-celled
with 2 or rarely 3 ovules in each cell, styles connate, at least at the top, or
rarely quite free. Capsule tomentose or beset with prickles or soft setse,
opening loculicidally in valves, or the carpels separating. Seeds 1 or 2 in
each cell or cai-pel, ascending, usuaUy strophiolate. Alburaen fleshy ; coty-
ledons flat. — Shrubs or undershrubs, with stellate tomentum or hairs. Leaves
entire, toothed, or lobed. Stipnles narrow, deciduous, the upper ones often
laciniate. Flowers mostly white, small, in lcaf-opposed or tenninal, rarely
axillary cymes. Petals shorter than the calyx. Strophiola of the seeds small,
variable in shape in the same species.

The genus is confined to Australia, with the exception of one Madagascar species.

A. Leaves of thefoKerhig branckes or their lobes lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, mostly
above 1 ancl often 2 or 3 in. long, eatire or serrate, not nndulate, crenate or crisped. Cap-
side loculicidal.

Leaves or their lobes quite eutire, softly hoary-tomentose . . . \. R. salvifolia.
Leaves or their lobes serrate, velvety or hirsute, at least underneath.

Capsule scarcely dehiscent, nearly glabrous, with rigid prickly

setse 2. R. pannosa.

Capsule dehiscent, tomentose with soft pubescent setse . . . 2>. R. rugosa.

B. Leaves ovate or oblong, irregularly crenate or lobed, often undulate or crisped,
mostly above 1 in. and often 2 or 3 in. long. Calyx very prominently angled in the bud
{except R. loxophylla). Capsule loculicidal and often septicidal also.

Buds obtuse.

Petals gibbous at the base, abruptly ligulate. Leaves glabrous
or pubescent above.
Calyx-lobes erect or connivent. Leaves large, little lobed . . 4. R. corylifolia.
Calyx-lobes rounded, very spreadiug. Leaves smaller, much-

lobed 7- R. i)latycalyx.

Petals not gibbous, tapering into a short linear ligula. Leaves

little-lobed, hoary-tonientose 5. ^. grandifora.

Petals not gibbous. Ligula short, oblong-spathulate. Leaves

oblique, densely velvety 10. R. loxophylla.

Buds aciite. Petals tapering into a slender ligula about as long
as the calys. Leaves much-lobed, often crisped, nearly glabrous
or pubescent above &. R. malvcefolia.

C. Leaves {except R. loxophylla) crenate, mnre or less undulate, and crisped or bullate,
but little lohed, and rarely exceeding 1 in. Bnds small, scarcely angular. Capsule locu-
licidal, sometimes also septicidal, or the carpels separating.

Cymes pedunculate. Leaves glabrous or scabrous above.

Buds acute. Ligules long and slender &. R. malvafolia.

Buds obtuse.

Leaves narrow-oblong and crenate, or, when luxuriant, ovate-

lanceolate aud slightly lobed 9. ^. hermannicefolia.

Leares mostly ovate and lobed.

Calyx about 3 lines diameter. Petals not gibbous at the

base %. R. parvifora.

238 XXII. sTEiicuLiACEiE. [RuUngia.

Calyx 5 or 6 lines diameter, lobes very broad. Petals gib-

bous at the base 1. Tt. flatycahjx.

Cymes sessile or nearly so. Leaves hoary-tomentose or velvety on
both sides.
Leaves vcry obliqne, denscly velvety, f to 2 in. Ligulcs of the

petals shortly oblong 10. jR. loxophyUa.

Leaves small, hoary-tomentose.

Ligules linear, rathcr broad. Lcaves 5 to ] in 11. Jt. cuneata.

Ligules obovate or spathulatc. Leaves under 5 in 12. 7J. rottindifoUa.

D. Leaves jdnnatifid. Flowers in dense terminal corymlose
cymes. Carpels sefarating, crested on Ihe hack. (Achilleopsis,
Turcz}j 13. iJ. densijlora.

1. R. salvifolia, Benth. An appareiitly erect shnib, clotlied with a soft
but deiise and close whitish toiuentum. Leaves on verv short petioles, hm-
ceolate or laiiceolate-linear, 2 to 4 in. long, entire or deeply divided into 3
lanceolate lobes, the middle one the longest, all qnite entire and softly to-
mentose on both sides, especially iniderneath. Cymes peduncuhite, but
shorter than the leaves. Calyx spreading, about 3 lines diameter. Ligula
of the petals linear, usually piibescent. Stamens very shortly united. Fruit
not seea. — Tkomasia (?) salvifoUa, A. Cunn. Herb. ; Steetz, ia Pl. Preiss. ii.
333.

Queensland. Brisbanc river, A. Ciinningham ; Minto's Craig, Fraser.

2. R. pannosa, R. Br. in Bot. Mag. t. 2191. A shrub of several feet,
but fiowering young so as to appear an undershnd), softly liirsute with velvety
stellate hairs. Leaves ou the fuU-grown plant shortly petiolate, ovate-lan-
ceolate or lanceolate, mostly 2 to 3 in. or sometimes longer, toothed, rounded
or cordate at the base, scabrous-pubescent above, with impressed veins,
densely velvety or hirsute underneath ; on the youngcr plants they are
broader and often 3 or 5-lobed. Cymes shortly peduncuhite. Calyx tomen-
tose, spreading to 3 or 4 lines diameter. Ligula of the petals bnear, rather
short. Staminodia pubesccnt, united with the perfect stamens higher u])
than in most specics. Ovary glabrous, granukite. Capside nearly glabrous,
globular, bard and almost indehiscent, beset with rigid subuhite bristles, gla-
brous except a stelhite tuft at the tip. — Steetz, in Pl. Preiss. ii. 351 ; F.
MueU. Pl. Vict. i. 150; Commersonia dasgphyUa, Andr. Bot. Eep. t. 603;
Bnettneria dasgphyUa, J. Gay, in DC. Prod. i. 486, aud in Mem. Mus. Par. x.
200, t. 12 ; B.pannosa, DC. Prod. i. 486.

Queensland. Glasshouscs, Moreton 15ay, F. Muelter.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, It. Brown, Sieber, n. 217, and Fl. Mi.rt. n. 540, and
othcrs ; northward to Clarcnce and Ilastings rivers, Beckler ; and Ncw Eugland, C. Sttiari ;
southward to Tworold Bay, F. Muetter.

Victoria. Amongst granite bouldcrs in tlie Buffalo rangc, and near Mount Imlay, F.
Mueller.

3. R. rugosa, Sleetz, in Pl. Freiss. ii. 352. A slirub, so closely rcsem-
bling R. pannosa in iutlumentum, foliage, and apparently in flowers, that it is
difficult to distiuguish it without the fruit. Leavcs usually narrower, more
rugosc, and almost bullate. Flowers (which 1 have only seen very young)
fewer in the cymes. Ovary toinentose. Capsule about 4 lines diameter
without the setse, not so liard as in R. pannosa and readily dehiscent, beset

RidiHffia.] xxii. STERCULiACEiE. 239

with soft pubescent setie, whicli are long in Cunningham's specimens, shorter
in Stuart's.

N. S. "Wales. "Welliiigtoii Valley and to the westward, A. Cunningham ; New Eng-
land, C. Sliiart.

4. R. corylifolia, Gi-ah. iu Bot. Mag. t. 3182. An erect shrub,
roughly tomentose-villous with stellate hairs. Leaves broadly ovate, 3 to 3
in. long, iiTeguhn-ly toothed or broadly lobed, wrinkled, green and roughly
pubescent al)ove, more densely tomentose-villous or pubescent underneath.
Cymes dense and sessile, forming dense terminal leafy corymbs. Bracts and
stipules lanceolate. Calyx prominently 5-angled, villous, deeply lobed, the
segraents about 4 lines long, erect or connivent. Petals gibbous at the base,
the margins of the erect broad part invokite, but not united above tlieir
attachment as represented by mistake in the pL^te, the lignla linear, rather
short. Stamens shortly united. Ovary prominently 5-angled, styles quite
distinct. Capsule depressed-globular, 5-fiuTowed, covered with rigid stelJate
hairs, deeply loculicidal and sometimes septicidal also. — Steetz, in Pl. Preiss.
ii. 35 8 ; Commersonia Freissii, Steud. in Pl, Preiss. i. 237.

W. Australia. King George's Souud, Ji. Brown, A. Cunningham, Brmnmond,
Preiss, n. 1652, and others ; LeschenauU, Oldjield.

5. R. grandiflora, Endl. in Hueg. Enum. 12. A shrub or undershrub
of 2 or 3 ft., clothed with a whitish, close or velvety tomentum. Leaves
broadly or narrow-ovate, obtuse, mostly l^ to 2 in. long, irregularly toothed
or slightly lobed, tomentose on both sides but whiter underneath. Cymes
dense and nearly sessile, but not so much so as in R. corylifolia. Calyx pro-
minently angled, scarcely spreading, tomentose. Petals concave at the base,
but not gibbous, more gi"adually narrowed into the ligula than in most species.
Staminodia and stamens very short. Capsule globose, longer than the calyx,
4 to 5 lines diaraeter, densely hirsute with stellate hairs borne on very short
setae, the cells or carpels usually 2-seeded. — Steetz, in Pl. Preiss. ii. 355 ;
R. altliecpfolia, Turcz. in Bull. Mosc. 1852, ii. 151; Commersonia cinerea,
Steud. in Pl. Preiss. i. 238.

V^. Australia. King George's Sound, 3fenzies, Suegel, Brummond, n. 268, etc.
Pcrongerup raugcs and road to Cape Kiche, Maxwell, Preiss, n. 1664.

6. R, malvaefolia, Steetz, in Pl. Preiss. ii. 356. A low ditfuse or
ascending shrid) or ruidershnib, resembling R. platycahjx and the larger spe-
cimens of R. parviflora, but readily known by the calyx and petals. Leaves
ovate or rarely oblong, obtuse, l to \\ in. or even 2 in. long, mostly 3- or
5-lobed, the lateral lobes short, all coarsely crenate or obtusely lobed and
often undulate or crisped, glabrous or pubescent above, more or less hirsute
underneath as well as the branches. Cymes shortly pedunculate. Buds
anguLar and rather acute. Calyx spreading to at least 4 lines diameter, the
lobes very acute, hairy outside especially at the base. Petals with a very
short broad base, tapering into a very narrow ligula nearly or qnite as long as
the calyx. Capsule rather large, beset with long glandular-hairy sctae. — Com-
mersonia cygnorum, Steud. in PI. Preiss. i. 237.

W. AuBtralia. Swan River, and to the northward, Drumwond, Preiss, n. 1642 ;
also Kiug Gcorge's Sound, Menzies, Oldfeld (a narrow-leaved variety).

240 XXII. STERCULIACE.E. [RltUnffia.

7. R. platycalyx, Benth. Shmbby and apparciitly dift"iise, the bvanches
hirsute-tomentose with rigid steUate hairs. Leaves broadly ovate, mostly
iinder 1 in. lono- and deeply 3-lobed, the lobes crenate or almost pinnatitid,
uadulate and often crisped, glabrous or scabrous-pubescent above, tomcntose
and hirsute underneath. Cymes pedunculate. Buds obtuse, slightly angular.
Calyx spreading to 5 or 6 lines diameter, the lobes broad and very obtuse.
Petals gibbous at the base, almost as in R. coryVifolia , the ligula linear, rather
short. Capsule densely beset witli short hirsute setsc, but uot seen fuUy
ripe.

W. Australia, Bruminotid, hik CoU. n. 209.

8. R. parviflora, Endl. in Hueg. Enmn. 12. A low shrub or under-
shrub, with prostrate or aseending branches of \ to l^ ft., the yoinig ones
hirsute with stellate hairs. Leaves very shortly petiolate, ovate or ovate-
lanceolate, obtuse, rarely 1 in. long, deeply crenate and mostly lobed, with
unduhite often crisped margins, glabrous or nearly so above, tomentose or
hirsute imderneath. Cymes shortly peduncuhite. Buds small, obtuse,
scarcely angular. Calyx spreading to about 3 lines, hirsute outside especially
at the base, the lobes obtuse. Petals broad and very open at the base, with a
rather long ligula, yet much shorter than in R. mahafoUa. Capsule about 3
lines diameter, slightly hirsutc, with stelhite hairs on very short setfe. —
Steetz, in Pl. Preiss. ii. 356 ; R. conjlifolia, Steud. in Pl. Preiss. i. 237, not
Grah.; R. nana, Turcz. in Bull. ]\Iosc.*1852, ii. 150.

MT. Australia. King George's Soiuicl, Menzies, Iluegel, Drummovd, n. 270, Preiss^
n. 1650, aiid others. Tteadily distinfjuished from the last two, of which it has nearly thc
foliage, by the calyx and petals ; it is much more nearly allied iu character to the eastern
R. hermanniipfolia, from whieh the eliief differeuces cousist iu habit aud foliage difficidt to
describe in words.

9. R. hermanniaefolia, Steeiz, in Pl. Freiss. ii. 353. A shrub, oftcu
of several ft., with slender but rigid divaricate branches, hirsute when young
but soon nearly glabrous. Leaves in most specimens narrow-oblong aud not
above ^ in. long, in more hixuriant ones often ovatc-lanceolate, or with short
broad basal lobes, always obtuse, crenate, much wrinkled with revobite ninr-
gins of a firm consistence, at length glabrous above, whitc-tomentose uuder-
neath. Inyoung phuits the leaves are ofteu broader and more lobed. Cymes
shortly peduncuhTte. Buds small, obtuse, scarcely angular. Calyx tomentose,
opeuing to nearly 3 lines diameter. Petals broad and opcn at the base, tlie
ligula linear, rather short. Capsule 2 or rarely 3 lines diameter, pubcscent
and densely beset with very short hirsute seta^. — Bnettneria hermanni/pfolia ,
J. Gay, in'DC. Prod. i. 486, and Meni. Mus, Par. x. 204, t. 13 ; Rulingia
crislifolia, A. Cunu. Herb., (usually miswritten cistifotia) ; Steetz, in Pl.
Preiss. ii. 354 ; R. ottlonf/ifolia, Steetz, h c. 353 ; Lasiopetalum diiniosum,
Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1564.

N. S. VlTales. Port Jackson, R. Brown, Rackhouse, and others; IInnter's River,
Raterson, A. Ciinningham.

10. R. loxophylla, T. Mnell. Fragm. i. 68. An erect shnib of l^ ft.,
densely velvety tomentose, almost hirsute. Leaves obliquely ovate or cordate,
obtuse, f to 2 in. long, crenate, soft and thick, the tomentum rathcr harsh on
the upper sido, very dense and whitish underneath. Cymes small, sessile or

RuUngia.'] xxii. STERCULiACEiF,. 241

nearly so. Calyx tomentose inside and out, spreading^ to ahont 2 lines dia-
meter, the lobes aonte. Tetals broad, concave, with an oblong ratlier short
lignla. Staminodia glabrons. Fruit not seen.

N. Australia. Table Inml betweeu Victoria river aiid Hooker's and Sturt's Creeks,
F. MueUer.

11. R. cuneata, Turcz. \n. BuU. Mosc. 1852, ii. 151. A low shiiib or
nndershrub, v.itli prostrate or ascending branehes of | to 2 ft. or rather more,
whitish with a close tomentum withont spreading hairs. Leaves petiohTte,
from obovate to nearly orbicular, ^ to 1 in. long, very obtuse, iiTegnlaily and
coarsely crenate, and often uudulate or crisped on the margin, whitisli with a
close tonientum on both sides. Cymes small, nearly sessile. Calyx tomen-
tose, spreading to nearly 3 lincs diameter, the lobes obtuse. Petals broad
and expanding into involute lobes at the base, the liguhi cuneate-oblong or
almost obovate, ratlier shorter than the calyx. Fruit not seen.

'V^. Australia. S. coast (?) I)rummond,n. 61, 271, and 273; Fitzgerald river, Herb.
Miieller. Some larger-Ieaved specimens were described by Turczaniiiow (Bull. Mosc. 1852,
ii. 151), mider tbe uanie o^ R. hexamera, givcn to them probably from having examiued an
abnormaUy hcxameious flower.

12. R. rotundifolia, Tiircz. hi Bull. Mosc. 1852, ii. 152. Shrubby,
with elongated slender branches, tomentose when young, but soon becoming
glabrous. Leaves on short petioles, nearly orbicular, rarely ^ in. long, very
obtuse, crenate or rareiy lobed, nndnlate or crispcd on the margin, whitish-
tomentose on botli sides, espccially nnderneath. Cymes riearly sessile.
Flowers the smallest of the genus, when expanded scarcely measuring above
2 lines diameter. Calyx tomcntose, with obtuse lobes. Petals very concave,
but not gibbous or saccate at the base, the lignla linear, i-ather bi'oad and
nearly as long as the calyx. Stamens alniost free. Carpels of the ovary
almost free. Fniit not seen.

"W. Australia, Drummond, n. 270 ; f itzgerald river, Herb. Mueller.

13. R. densifiora, Benth. An erect shrub of several feet, densely
hirsute with stellate liairs. Leaves frora ovate to linear, mostly lanceolate,
1 to 2 in. long, pinnatifid, the lobes short, obtuse, and coarsely crenate, or
longer and again lobed, very rugose and convex, ahnost bullate, scabrous or
hispid above, white-tomentose or hirsute underneath. Flowers numerous,
white, crowded in a terminal compound corymbose cyme, often many inches
in diameter. '^alyx sprcading to about 6 lines diameter, with petal-bke,
rather acute, softly ])ubescent lobes. Petals with a broad concave base, often
prochiced into shortly invohite lateral lobes, the liguLa linear but veiy short.
Stamens nearly or quite free ; staminodia pubescent. Fruit-carpels quite
separating, keeled and crested on the back, 1-seeded. — Achilleojms densiflora,
Turcz. iu Bull. Mosc. 1849, ii. 10.

■W. Australia. IMurchisou river and Wangan hills, Drummond, n. 100, 38, Oldfield
aud othcrs.

12. COMMERSONIA, For^t.

Calyx 5-lobed. Pctals 5, broad and concave at the base, with a small
broad or linear liguhi at the top. Stamens united in a short cup at the base,
5 perfect witli shoit fihaments opposite the petals, altcrnating with staminodia

VOL, I. R

242 XXII. STEKCULiACE.T.. [Commersonia.

iii tlirees, the centriil oiie of cach three laiiceolate or spathuhile, tlie hiteral
ones linear or sjjathiilate, attached at tlie base either to the central one or to
tlie adjoining- anther-bearin<>- filainent. Ovary sessile, 5-celled, witli 2 to fi
ovnles in each cell ; styles distinct or iinitcd at least at the top. Capsule
beset witli soft pubescent setaj, opening- loculieidally iu 5 valves. Seeds
nsually 2 or 3, asceiiding, witli a sniall strophiohi ; albunien flesliy ; cotyle-
dons tiat. — Trees or sln-ubs, with stellate tomentum or hairs. Leaves
toothed or lobed, often oblicpie. Flowers small, in teriniual, leaf-opposed,
or axillary cymes.

The spccies arc all Austriilian, one is also wiilcly dispersed ovcr Easlerii India, the Arclii-
pdago and Pacific islauds, the othcrs are cudcniic.

TiiU shrubs or trees. Leaves niostly above 3 iu. loug, acuuiinatc.
l.igula ol' the petiils linciir or oblong.
Staniinodiaidl liuear-spathuliite, elougiited, the lateral ones attaehcd

to tiic eciitral \. C. Frasrri.

Ceutral staniiuodia lanceolate, lateral ones filiform.

Latcral staniinodia attached to the ccntral one. Ligula of the

petals obloug, rather short 2. C. LeicJiJutrdlii.

Lateral staruiiiodia attached to the auther-bearing filaineuts.

Ligula of the petals loug aud linear 3. C. ec/tinata.

Suiall sbrubs. Lcavcs obtusc, uudnlate and crcnate, usually sraall.
Ligula of the jjctals short aud broad.
Lateral stamiuodia attached to the auther-beariug filameuts. Leaves

vcry nucqually cordate 4. 6'. GaniJicJiaitdi.

Lateral stamiuodia (very small) attached to the central lanceolate
one. Leaves equal at thc base.

Calyx-lobes rather acutc. Leaves much crispcd 5. C. crispa.

Calyx-lobes very obtusc, broad aud while.

Leaves scabrous or tonuMitose, niostly T^- to 1 in. long ... 0. C. pnJrJieJJa.
Leavcs glabrous abovc, rarely abovc 3 lines 7- C itiicropJiijUa.

1. C. Fraseri, ./. Gay, in Mem.. Mns. Par. x. 215, Z". 15. A tall slinib, Avitli
toineutose or hirsute branches. Leaves cordate-ovate, iicuniinatc, 3 to 6 in.
long-, irregnlarly toothed, often oblique at the base, glabrous or sliglitly pu-
besccnt above, white-tomentose or softly hirsute underncath, the lower ones
iii the young plauts broad and 3- or 5-lobed. Cymes looscly diciiotomous,
niany-Howered, but shorter than thc leaves. Calyx tomentose, fully 3 liiies
diameter, the lobes acute. Petals with a very short broad concave base, the
ligula oblong-spathuhite, nearly as long as the calyx. Stauiiuodia linear-
spathulate, as long iis the ])etals, tbe centnil one of each thrce riither broadcr
and hinceolate at tlie base, the hateral ones filifbrm at the base and shortly
a(biate to the central one ; autlier-beariug filaraents very sliort. CiipMile
hu-ge, densely beset with soft villous seti». — Steetz, in Pl. Prciss. ii. 359;
r. MucU. Pl. Yict. i. 148.

KT. S. Wales. Banks of the llawkesbury, R. Broicn ; Port .Tacksou, Siclier, v. 270,
aiul othcrs; northward to Huutcr's \i\\tiY, Fraser, BecJcler ; southward to Illawara, y/.
Ciiiiniiif/Jiam ; Twofold Bay, F. MurJJcr.

Victoria. Gcuoa rivcr aud vaUcys uuder Mount Imlay, F. MueJJer. Thc southern
form is vcry tomentose-hirsute, with rather larger flowers.

2. C. Leichhardtii, Bentli. Probably a tall shrub, with the halnt of
C. Fraseri ; brauchcs dcnsely vclvety-toinentose or hispid. Leaves ovate-lan-
ceolate or cordate, 2 to 3 iu. loiig in tlie specimens seen, unctiuiilly toothcd,

Commersonla .] xxii. sterculiace.e. 243

ratliev liarshly velvety-toinentoso on botli sides. Cyme? neavly sessile, few-
flowered. Calyx very tomentose, spreading to about 5 liiies diameter, the
lobes broad aiid acute. Petals with an oblong ligula niucli shortcr than the
calyx. Ccntral staminodium of each three lanccohite and tine-pointed, hiteral
ones fiHforra, attaclied to it near the base. Anther-bcaring lihuueuts very
short. Ovary glabrous.

Queensland. HcaJ of Boyd river, Lcichhardt, iii Uerb, F. Miiell.

3. C. echinata, Ford.; DC. Prod. i. 486. A tall shrub or sniall tree,
the young branclies aud inflorescence wliitish-tomentose. Leaves ovate or
cordate, acuuiinate, 3 to 6 in. long or even more, irregidarly toothed or nearly
entire, often oblique at the base, glabrous or slightly tomentose above, more
densely whitish-tomentose underneath. Cymes peduneulate, many-flowered,
but shorter tliau tlie leaves. Calyx tomentose, nearly 3 lines diameter, the
lobes acute. Petals with a very sliort concave broad base, the ligula narrow-
linear, nearly as long as the calyx. Ceutral stamiuodium of each thrce hinceo-
late, pubesceut, much shorter than the petals, lateral ones small, flliform, re-
curved, attached to the very short anther-bearing filaments. Auther-cells less
(livaricate thau iu the other species. Capsule often \ in. diameter, without
the long, soft, villous setae which cover it.

Queensland. Cape York, M^GiHirrai/ ; Endeavour river, ^rt-wX-,?; Pine rhcr, Hi/l ;
Uppcr Hrisbane river, F. Mae.ller.

N. S. Wales. Clarence river, whcre tlic natives use tlie stony fibre of the bark for
kanjiaroo aud fisliing nets, Beckler.

The species is widely spread ovcr the Indiaii Archipelago and the Pacific islands. The
Australian whitish-tonientose form is like the original oiie describcd by Forstcr from the
Pacilic ; thc more conimou one in the Archipclago, often distinguished as a species uuder
the iiame of 6'. plaiijphyUa, Audr. Bot. Eej). t. .519 (as corrected uuder u. (503), Bot. Mag.
t. 1813, is very viilous-touientose, and has often largcr aud broader leaves.

4. C. Gaudichaudi, /. Gay, in DC. Prod. i. 486, mid Mem. Miis. Par. x.
2 ] 3, ^. 14. A low shrub, tlie young l)ranches toinentose-hirsute. Leaves on very
short petioles, obliquely ovate or orbieniar, very oljtuse, i to 1 in. long or
rather more, very unequally cordate at the base, the lovver broad lobe some-
times quite overlapping tlie short upper one, scabrous-pubescent or rarely
glabrous above, densely tomentose-hirsute and white underneath. Cyraes
pedunculate, few-flowered. Calyx densely hirsute, spreading to about 3 lines
diameter. Petals broad with involute lobes at the base, the ligida very broad
aud nearly as long as the calyx. Ccntral starainodium of each three lanceolate,
the lateral ones tiliforra, uncinate, attached to the anther-bearing ttlamcnts.
Capsule densely covered with soft, hispid, almost golden sette. — Steetz, in PI.
Preiss. ii. 358.

"W. Australia. Shark's Bay, Gaudichaud ; Dirk Haitog's Island, A. Cunninf/ham ;
Murchisou river, Dnanmond, Oldjield.

5. C. crispa, Turcz. in Bnll. Mosc. 1846, ii. 501. A low shrub, with
elougated, perluqDS procumbcnt branches, hispid with stellate hairs. Leaves
shortly petiolate, ovatc, obovate or oblong, crenate or irregidarly lobed, very
niuch undulate or crisped on the margin, glabrous or nearly so above, white-
romentose aud often hirsute underneath. Cymes nearly sessilc, few-flowered.
Calyx tomcntosc-hirsute, spreading to 4 or .5 iines (liametcr, the lobes rathcr

K 2

21-4 xxTi. STERCULIACE.-E. [Commersonia.

aciite. Petals broad with itivolute lobos at tlie basc, tlie lip;iila obovate or
spathulate. Central starainodiuui of each three lanceolate, latcral oues altached
to it, linear-filiform and recurved. Capsule densclv covercd with short, soft,
hirsute set;v>. — Ridhujia crispa, Turcz. iu Bull. ^Iosc. 1849, ii. 10.
W. Australia, Brummond, n. 110.

6. C. p-olchella, Turcz. in Bull. Musc. 1846, ii. 502. A low shrub or
uiulerslinil), the uppcr branches scabrous-tonientose or hispid with riist-
coloured stellate hairs. Leaves shortly petiolate, ovate or oblont!:, i to 1 in.
loug, coarsely aud obtusely sinuate-toothed or lobed, uudulate or oftcn crisped
on the margiu, glabrous or seabrons above, Avhite-tomentose underueath.
Cyraes peduucidate, few-flowered. Calyx rusty-tomentose at the base, spread-
ing to 4 or 5 lines diameter, the lobes pctal-Hke, white (or pink ?), broad, and
very obtiise. Petals with a euueate concave base, and a short broad ligula.
Central staraiuodiuin of each tliree hmceolate, the lateral ones atta(rhed to it,
filifonn and recurved. Fruit not seen. — Rulingia pHlchdla, Turcz. iu Bull,
Mosc. 1849, ii. 10.

W. Australia, Drummond, Coll. 1845, ». 111, and Murchisou rivcr, n. 97.

7. C. microphylla, Beuih. Apparently a low shrub, with divaricate
branches, tomentose wheu young. Leaves often clustered, very shortly
petiolate, ovate or oblong, obtuse, 2 to 4 lines long, eutire or siuuately lobed,
very convex, glabrous abo\e, white-tomentose underneath. Cymes iiedun-
culate, few-flowered. Calyx tomentose at the base, spreading to 3 or'4 lines
diaraetcr, the lobes petal-like, white, broad, and very obtiise. Petals with a
cuneate concave base, and a very short broad ligula. Ceutral stamiuodiuin of
each three laneeolate, lateral ones atta(;hed to it, filiforra and recurved as
in C. pulchella, biit rauch sraaller. Capsule aboiit 4 lincs diameter, villous
with shoit soft uot crowded setse.

>V. Australia. Murchison river, Brummond, n. 98. This speci(;s has niost of the
characters of C. puJcheUa, b'.t the foliage is too widely ditTcreut to uuite it without having
secu iutcrincdiate forms.

13. SERINGIA, J. Gay.

Calyx deeply 5-lobed, scarcely cnlarged aftcr flowering, and ncither scarious
nor colonred. Petals uone. Stamcas 5, alternate with the calyx-lobes,
aUernating with 5 subulate staminodia, aud slightly united with theui at the
base ; anther-cells parallel, opening by dorsal slits. Ovary 5-celled, with 2 or
3 oviiles iii each cell ; styles cohering at the suramit or nearly from the basc.
Prnit-carpels distiuct, winged on the back, opening iu 2 valves. Seeds
strophiolate, albuminous, erabryo straight, with flat cotyledons. — Shrub, with
the habit nearly of a Commersouia. Flowers in dense, terminal or leaf-
()p])oscd cyraes. Bracteoles none.

The geuus is now liiuitcd to a single Australian speeies.

1. S. plat3rphylla, ./. Gay, in Mem. Mks. Par. vii. 443, /. 16, 1 7. A tall
shriib, with the habit nearly of Commersouia Fraseri, theyoung branches loosely
whitish- or nisty-toraentose. Leaves ovate to ovate-lauceolate, acuininate,
coarsely toothed, 3 to 4 or even 5 in. long, often oblique at the base, glabroiis
or sprinkled with minute stellate hairs above, densely tomentose underueath.

Serii/f/ia.] xxii. stekculiace/K. 245

Cymes rather deiise and many-flowered, biit imich sliortcr tliau the leaves.
Calyx angidar in the hud, attaiuiug-, wheu iuUy out, about 2 liues iu leugth.
Pilauients and stainiuodia uearly simdar, ratiier thick. Anthers obloug.
Carpcls about as loug as the calyx, densely pubesceut, the short broad verti-
cal wing truucate at the top. — DC. Prod. i. 488 ; Steetz, in Pl. Preiss. ii.
349 ; La>iiopel(tlum. urhorescem, Ait. Hort. Kew. cd. 2, ii. 36.

N. S. 'VITales. Port Jackson, S. Brown ; Blue Mountains, Miss Atkinson ; Hastiiigs
river, Beckler.

14. KERAUDRENIA, J. Gay.

Calyx 5-Iobed, enlargcd and scarions or thin and coloured after floweriug,
the midrib of each sepai usually thickened without lateral ribs. Petals noue,
or minnte aud scale-Iike. Stamens 5, alternate with the sepals, free or
shortly nuited at the base, with or without interveuing staminodia, auther-
cells parallel, opeuiug by dorsai slits. Ovary 3- to 5-ceIIed, with 3 or more
ovules in each cell ; styles cohering at the summit. Capsule membranous,
villons or shortly setose, opening loculicidally, and usually separatiug into
distiuct carpels. Seeds strophiolate, albumiuous ; embryo stiaight or curved,
with flat cotyledous. — Shrubs more or less stellate-lomeutose. Leaves entire
or siuuate-Iobed. Stipules narrow, or smaU and deciduous. Cynies terminal
or opposite the upper leaves, few-flowered. Eracteoles uone.

Besides the Australiau spccies, there is one other from Madagascar, which on a further
exaniination proves niore nearly allied to K. lanceolata than had appeared to us wheu pre-
paring the ' Genera Phiutaruni.' The fjenus has the anthers of Seri/ir/ia aud Haunafordia,
with the calyx nearly ot' Thomasia, aud must iuckide species, in which as iu liie Madagascar
oue, the carpels do not appear to separate, as weJl as those iu which they are quite distinct.

Bracts narrow. Carpels several-seeded, noL always separating, the
seeds nearly stniight. Leaves niostly lanceohite, 1 to 3 in.
Leaves quite giabrous and smooth above. Capsule scarcely septicidal.

Leaves broad-iauceolate. Carpels angukr, villous aud setose . 1. A". lanceolafa.
Leaves narrow-lauceolate or linear. Carpels rounded on the

back, very villous, but not setose 2. A". Hiliii.

Leaves.very rugose and pubcsceut above 3. A. Hookeriana.

Lower bracts broad scarious and colourcJ, very deciduous. Carpels

1-2-secded, the seeds reniforra. Leaves ovate or oblong.

Leaves thiek and soft, very rugose, tomentose above, mostly 1 to

2 in. long 4. A'. nephrosperma.

Leaves smooth or slightly rugosc, mostly uuder 1 in.

Leaves unduhite, crenate or crispcd 5. K.hermannirFfolia.

Leaves quite eutirc ^. K. intei/rifolta.

1. K. lanceolata, Benili. A tall shrub, the young branches rusty-
tomentose. Leaves shortly petiolate, oblong-Ianceolate, 3 to 4 iu. loug, rather
thick, entire, glabrous above aud smooth, or Avith the veius slightly impressed,
white-tomentose underneath. Cynies short, few-flowered, very tomentose.
Bracts narrow, deciduous. Calyx tomentose, spreadiug to 4 or 5 lines dia-
meter, divided to about the middle, the mi(h-ibs prouiinent and ptibescent in-
side, the lobes of the fruiting calyx attaining 3 or 4 liues or more. Petals
none. Filaments rather long, with slender staraiuodia iuterveniug. Authers
liuear. Ovary 5-ceIIed, hirsute. Capsule truucate at the top, fidly \ in.
diameter, scarccly septicidal, but distiuctly furrowcd belween the carpels, each

246 XXII. sTERCULiACEiE. [^Keraiidreuia .

cai-pel vcry angTiIar on ihe edijes, so as to make tlie capsule appear alniost
10-wingcd, but it is so hispid and beset with short, soft, hirsute sette as
almost to disg^ise its forra. Seeds, several iu cach cell, obovoid ; embryo
straight. — Serinffia lanceolata, Steetz, in Pl. Preiss. ii. 349.

Queensland. Port Bowcn, li.Broicn, A. Cun>iiri'//iam , ailso in LcicIihnrJt's collection.
It is tliis specics which is closely allied to one froni Madajiascar, which 1 had fonncrly rc-
fcrred to Tho»umii, on account of its capsule uot separating into distinct carpels.

2. K. Hillii, F. Mitdl. Ilerb. Very near to A". lancoolala, with the
same inflorescence and flowers. Leavcs much narrower, linear-huiceolate or
linear, l^ to 3 in. long, coriaceous, glabrous without impresscd veins above,
white-tomentose, and often sprinkled with rusty steUate hairs uuderneath.
Anther-beariug fllaments scarcely dihited. Ovary of K. lanceolata. Capsule
uot so large, very hirsute, but without prominent setai, furrowed between the
carpels, which are rounded on the back, and uot anguhir. Seeds of K. lan-
ceolata.

Queensland. Glasshonscs, Moreton Bay, F. Mueller and W. HiU.
N. S. ^Vales. Port Macquarie and Port Stephens, Praser.

3. K. Hookeriana, Jfalp. Ann. ii. 164. Branciies rusty-tomentose
or hirsute. Leavcs mostly obloug-Lauceohate, l^ to 3 in. long, cntire, grcen,
very rugose and velvety-pubescent above, densely white-toinentose under-
neath ; tlie lower leavcs or those of souie brauches ofteu broadcr aiul sliorter,
ahnost ovate. Cyraes or racemes 2- to 4-flowered, terminal or opposite the
upper leaves, on veiy short peduncles. Bracts narrow, decithious. Calyx
divideil ncarly to tlie base iuto acute lobes, 3 or 4 hues loug wheu iu flower,
5 or G whcn in fruit. Petals small and scale-hke or none. Pihtraents short,
alteruating with subulate staniinodia. Anthers huear, nuich incurved. Ovary
5-cellcd, tomentose. Capsule very hirsute, 4 to 5 hnes (hameter, the carpels
distinct and separating, eaeh opening in 2 valves. Seeds several in each cch,
obovoid ; embryo straight. — Seringia coroUata, Steetz, iu Pl. Preiss. ii. 330;
Keraudrenia inteijrifolia, Hook. iu Mitch. Trop. Austr. 341, not Steud. ;
K. Ilookeri, F. Mueh. Fragm. i. 28, 242.

N. Australia. Arnhcnrs Sonth Bay, It. Brown ; Nicholson rivcr, F. MueUcr.

Queensland. Kei)pcl Bay, R,. Brown ; Suttor, Bnruett, Upper Pine, and Brishane
rivers, F. Mirelley. ()u tlie Jlaiauoa, aud soulhward to Lindley's rangc, Mitchell ; Kobiu-
son's range, Leichhardt.

The petals are certaiuly prescnt in those Carpeutaria spceimens which I have cxauiiiud,
and as certaiuly wautini;; iu the flowers I opencd of the niore soiithern spccinicns, and the
two are distiiiguislicd uiidcr diilcrent uanies iu Iv. Brown's herbarium and notes, but I cau
discover no otiicr charactcr whalcvcr.

4. K. nephrosperma, Henth. A shrub, witli tlie branches vcry
densely ciothed with a soft, vclvety, sometimes ahuost floccose tomeutum.
Leavcs ovale or oblong, very obtusc, 1 to 2 iu. long, entire, sinuate or ahuost
hjbcd at the base, oflen slightly corchite, grccn, and miiuitely tomentose above,
deusely Avhite or rusty-toiucutosc uiulerneatli. Cymes vcry short, several-
flowered. Bracts ovate, mcmbranous, veiy deciduous. Calyx tomeutose,
the lobes vcry broad and ol)tusc, attaiuiug about 3 hnes, very thin and
colom'ed. Fihimeuts as long as the ovary, with subuhitc stamino(ha iuter-
vcniug ; authcrs oblong. Ovary 5-cchcd. Fruit carpcls scparating, nearly

Keraudrenia.'] xxii. sterculiace/1\ 24-7

globular, very tomentose. Seeds 1 or 2 in eacli, globose, reniform. — Serbigla
nephrospcniia, F. Muell. iu Hook. Kew Journ. ix. 15,

N. Australia. Dcsert at tlie sources of Victoria river, Sturt's aud Hookcr's Crccks,
F. MueUer ■ l''orster"s Iiaiiiic, M'I)ouaU Stuart.

.5. K. hermanniaefolia, /. Gaij, in Mem. Mns. Par. vii. 462, t. 23.
A small rigid shnib, the branches tomentose or hirsute with white or rust-
coloured stellate hairs. Leaves petiohite, ovate or oblong, very obtuse, rarely
above 1 iu. long, and often much smallcr, uiostly sinuate-crenate or undulate
and crisped on the margin, glabrous or sprinkled with short, rigid, stelhite
hairs above, white-tomentose underneath. Cymes loosely several-Howered,
almost sessile. Bracts ovate and very thin, but very deciduous. Calyx
tomeutose, the lobes broad, rather acute, attaining from 3 to near 6 lines,
thin and coloured. Fdaments dilated at the base, ahnost free, with 1 or 2,
or without any intervening staminodia. Antliers linear-oblong. Ovary 3-
to 5-celled, with 3 or 4 ovules in each celL Caps^de often reduced to 1 or
2 carpels, with 1 or 2 reniform-glol)ose seeds. — DC. Prod. i. 490 ; Steetz, in
Pl. Preiss. ii. 346 ; K. microphylla, Steetz, 1. c. 347 ; Seriiigia microphylla,
P. INIuell. Fragm. ii. 5.

%V. Australia. Sharks Bay, Gandiehaud ; Swan River, aud northward to Murchisou
river and Champion Bay, Drnmmond, Collie, Oldfield, etc.

6. K. integrifolia, Steud. in Pl. Preiss. i. 236, and Steetz, l. c. ii. 347.
A suuill much-branched shrub, the young shoots white or rusty Avith a close
tomentum. Leaves petiolate, oblong, very obtuse, 4 to 8 lines long, entire,
glabrous or nearly so above, white-tomentose underneath. Cymes rather
loose, several-floAvered. Bracts ovate, thin and very deciduous. Calyx to-
mentose ; lobes broad, rather acute, attaining 3 or 4 lines under the fruit, or
sometimes more. Filaments dilated and shortly connate at the base, recurved
at tlie top, without auy or rarely with 1 or 2 interveuing staminodia. Ovary
5-lobed, with about 4 ovules in each. Capstde giobular, softly villous ; carpels
1- or 2-seeded, not very readily separating. — Seriiujia intejrifolia, F. Muell.
Fragm. ii. 5.

W. Australia. Swan River, Brummond, Preiss, n. 1651 ; S.AV. coast, MaxiceU.

Yar. relntina. Leaves rather larger, niinutely velvety-tonientose above, densely tomen-
tose underueath. Flowers larger, filameuts loiiger. — K. vehttina, Steetz, iu Pl. Preiss. ii.
348 ; Seringia velutina, F. Mucll. Fragm. ii. 5 ; S. grandiflora, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 142.
To this belong Drummond's spccimens, n. 109, and MaxwelFs, fi-om East Mouut Earren.
Thc specimen doscribcd by Stcctz, which I have not seen, was gathered by.Roe, between
Swan River aud King George's Sound.

Actinostigma lanceolatnm, Turcz. iu Bull. Mosc. 18.59, i. 259, from 'New HoIIand, Brog-
den,' is described as closely resembliug K. lanceolata iu habit, foliage, and most of the cha-
ractors, bnt with axillary, not leaf-opposed inflorescence, 10 stamens all perfect and free,
5 biovulate carpels, Ihe styles connate, with 5 radiating stigiuas. I am quite unable to
idcntify any Lasiopetalous plant with this description. It may belong to some very diftc-
reut Natural Oi'der, possibly Rutacecv.

15. HANNAFORDIA, F. Muell.

Calyx 5-lobed, somewhat enlarged after floweririg, with prominent raised
ribs, 3 to each sepal, besides those connecting the sepals. Petals 5, lanceo-
late, slightly concave, shorter than the calyx. Stamens 5, opposite the petals ;
stauiinodia 3 or fewcr bctwceu cach 2 stauiens, lincar-subulalc, all slighllv

248 XXII. STERCULiACE^. \IIannafordia.

coTinected iu a riui^ at the base ; anther-eells parallel, opening by clorsal slits.
Ovary 3- or 4-cclled, with 3 or 4 ovules in each ccll. Style simple. Capside
hard, ahnost woody, opening loculicidally in 3 or 4 valves. Seeds stropliio-
late, albuminons ; embryo straight, with flat cotyledons. — Shrub, with tlie
habit of a Thomasia, but witliout stipules. Bracteoles 3, persistent.

The genus is limiteJ to a single species. It Las the anthers of Keraudrenia aiid Seriiujia,
with the calyx nearly of Guichenotia.

1. H. quadrivalvis, ~b\ Muell. Fragm. ii. 9. A much-branched shrub
of 3 or 4« ft., (U^nsely clothed with a soft velvety tomentum, oftcn rusty on
the young shoots. Loaves on rather long petioles, obliqncly ovate-cordate,
obtuse, 1 to 2^ in. long, coarsely sinuate-toothed or broadly lobed, thick and
soft. Cymes leaf-opposed, short, and few-flowered. Bracteoles linear, much
shorter than the calyx. Calyx about ^ iu. long, divided to below the middle
into narrow aeuminate lobes. Petals about as long as the calyx-tidje, but
variable. Staminodia in Mueller's specimens 3 between each 2 stamens,
but in one of Doughas's I formerly examined 1 found thcm siiigly alter-
nating with the stamens. Capside shorter than the calyx, most frequently
4-cellcd, but often also 3-cclled.

"^^. Australia. Murchisou river, Oldfield, Drummoiid, n. 100.

16. THOMASIA, J. Gay.

(Leucothamnus, Liudl. ; VA\y \\c\\os{cmo\\, Steetz ; Asteiochiton, y'«;r^.)

Calyx B-lobed, much enlarged and scarions or coloured aftcr flowering, the
sepals 1-nerved and rcticvdatcly vcincd, with the mi(h'ib nsiially thickencd,
sprcading or ercct-connivent, closing over the fruit. Petals none or minute
and scale-like. Stamcns .5, alternate with tiie sepals, free or shortly connate
at the base ; staminodia none, or 5 alternating with the stamcns. Anthers
opening at tlie top towards the inside in short sHls, which at length extend
more or less down the sides. Ovary 3- or rarcly 4- or 5-celled, with 2 or
more ovules in eacii cell ; style simple. Capsulc enclosed in the calyx,
usiially crustaccous, opcning locidicidally in 3 to 5 valves. Seeds usually
stropliiohite, aibnminous ; cmbryo straight, with flat cotyledons. — Shrnbs
more or less tomentose or liirsute with stcllulc luurs, rarely qiute glabrous.
Leavis entire or lobcd. Stipules leafy, usually semiluistateor rcniform, in one
species similar to the leaves, in others small, and in a few entircly wanting.
Kaccraes leaf-opposcd, simple or rarely cymosely branclied. Bracts narrow,
deciduous. Bractcoles under the calyx 3, sbghtly connate at the base or
free. Calyx nsually pnrple bhiish or white.

The genus is confiiietl to Austrnlia. It diffcis (roin Lasiopetalum more constaiitly in llie
calyx tlian iu the authcrs, thc opcninp; of thc laltcr iii soine Thir,.iasias being littk' more
than oblonj; pores, aud in a fcw Lasiopelala extcndiiiii; at lcni;th down tiie sidcs to tlie base.
The two geiiera arc natural, and tlic inajority of spccics distinguishcd by a varicty of cha-
racters, although there is no one to which tliere is iiot sonie exeeplion. Thc prcsence or
absenee and size of the scale-lilie pctals, the prcscnce or abscnce and nuinber of staniinodia,
are liable in all tbese gencra to great variatiou iu iudividual species.

A. Stipules leafy. Stamens aiid stamiuodia iu. a distinctli) perigijnovs rhig. (Iieuco-
thamnus,)

liCaves angular or slioitiy lobcd, scarccly wriuliled, wliitish pubcscent

aboTe, tomeiilose uii(h.'nicath 1.7'. macrocarjia.

Thomnsia.'] xxii. sxERCULiACEiE. 249

Lcavcs lobed, very niucli wrlnkled, rouglily stfllatc-hairy abovc,

dcnscly toraeutose underncath 2. T. rvffosa.

B. Siip/iles leafy. Sfamens and staminodia united in a hi/jMf/i/nous cup as long as the
ovary.

Leaves ovate or broadly oblong, ahnost entire S. T. montana.

C. Sfipntes leafi/ (in T. foliosa somefimes wantinc/). Stamens lii/por/ijnous, free or
slighfly connccied at the base, icifh or without staminodia.

Leavcs inostly ovatc-cordate, often sinuatc-lobcd.

Leaves closely hoary-touientose ou both sides, without rigid hairs,

aud scarccly lobed \. T. tenuivestita.

I/caves glabrous or liirsute aliove, tomeutose underncath, usnally
lobcd.
Tall shrubs. Leavcs l^ to 3 in.

Filameuts vcry short. Lcaves scabrous or hirsute above. Ra-
ceiiies rarely branched.
Bractcolcs sniall, liuear. Caly.x divided to the middle or

lower, lob(>s acute 5. 2'. solanacea.

Bracteolcs broadly lauceolate. Caly.x not divided to the

iniddle, lobes rather obtuse .... . . . . 6. jT. brachystachys.

Filaraeuts about as loiig as the anthers. Leavcs uearly gla-

brous above. Raccines brauched. Calyx-lobes acute . . 7. 7'. discolor.
Lovv shrubs. Leaves inostly uudcr 1 iu. Fiowcrs suiall.

Calyx-lobes short, broad aud obtuse. Stipules' rcuiforui . . 8. T. quercifolia.
Calyx dccply dividcd, lobcs acutc. .Slipules very small . . 9. T.foliosa.
liCaves glabrous on both sidcs, or spriuklcd or hispid with rigid stel-
late hairs, usually lobed.

Stipules vcry small. Calyx-lobes deej) and acute 9. T.foliosa.

Stipules rather large, reuifoi-m or lobcd. Calyx-Iobes short aud
rathcr obtuse.
Lcaves sraall, glabrous, nearly cqually 3-Iobed. Flowers rather

small " 10. T'. triloha.

Leavcs 1 to 2 iu., raore or less stellate-hispid. Flowers largc . II. T. triphylla.
Leaves (except the lowest) obloug, lauccolate or liucar, cntire or
hastate with very short latcral lobes, the uiargius often erispcd
or revolute.
Stipules reniforni or scniihaslate. Leaves flat or crispeJ. Ovary
3- or rarely 4-celled.
Ovary and style glabrous.

Flowers ralher sinall. Filaincnts vcry short 12. T. purimrea.

Fjowers large. Filaraeuts about as loug as the anthers . . 13. T. niacrocalyx.
Ovary aud often tlic base of llie stylc tomentose.
Calyx thiu, escept thc proniinent midribs.

Flowers rather smail. l'ilameuts short W. T. paucijiora.

Flowers large. Bractcolcs broad. Filamcnts nearly as

long as thc anthcrs 15. 71 rhynchocarpa.

Calyx large, the lobes broadly thiek in the ccutre, with broad,

thin, uudulate margius 10. ?'. yrandijfora.

Stipules scmihastate. Leaves erispcd or revolutc ou the margius.
Ovary 5-celIed.

Leaves petiolate, erisped. Ovary villous \1. T. coynata.

Leaves sessile, the margius revolute. Ovary glabrous . . .18. T. rulinyioides.
Stipules seinihastate. Leaves wrinklcd, with revolute margins.
Ovary 3- or rarcly 4-celled.

Bracteoles lincar-lanccolate 19. T. angustifolia.

Bracleoles broadly lauceolate or ovate 20 T. petalocalyx.

Slij)ules like the leaves, uarrow, heath-like, with rcvolulc margins 21. T. .tarotes.

250 XXII. sTERCULlAGEiE. [Thomasia.

D. Slipiiles none. Stanirns Jii/pngi/noiis,fn'e or sHffhlli/ conncclcd at the base, wiihout
staminodia. (Rhynchostemou.)

Tomentum close or dcnse, iiot scaly. Leavcs 1 to noarly 3 in. l?a-

cemes or cymcs scveral-llovvered. Bracteoles subulate, distaut

from the calyx.
Racemcs mostly siniple. No pctals. Anthers long-acuminate . 22. T. ghitinosa.
IJaccmcs mostly brauchcd. Petals prcsent. Authcrs shortly acu-

minate 23. T. laxijlora.

Tomcutuni scaly. Leaves under 1 in. Kacemcs 1- to 3-flo\vercd.

Bractcolcs small undcr the calyx.

Leaves oblong-lanccolatc or lincai', \ to 1 iu 24. T. delligera.

Lcaves cordatc-orbicular, uuder 5 in 25. T. i^ijf/maa.

1. T. macrocarpa, Ilueg. in Eudl. Nov. Stirp. Bec. 33. A tall shrul),
tlie branches whitish with a loose toineutum. Leaves broadly ovate-corchite,
obtuse, H to 2 iu. long, irregularly anguhn'-toothed or shortly lobed, pubes-
cent above when young, at length ghibrous, tonientose underneath. Stipules
small, oblique or rarcly \ iu. long and reniform. Racemes tomentose-hirsutc,
with few large flowers. Bracteoles broadly ovate-hinceohite, woolly. Calyx
openiug to about 1 in. diameter, loosely woolly-hirsute outside. Stamens
and staminodia united at the base in a very perigynous ring, hirsute out-
side, ghibrous within. Fihuuents and staminodia louger thau the *anthers.
Ovary tomeutose, 3-celled witli 3 erect ovules in each cell. Style glabrous. —
Steud. Pl. Preiss. i. 235; T. skipiducen, Bot. Mag. t. 4111, not Lindl. ;
Lencothamnm montunm, LindL Swan Riv. Ap. 19 ; Steetz, in Pl. Preiss.
li. 33G.

W. Australia. Swau River, Briimmond, \st Coll. ; Preiss, n. 1654.

2. T. rugosa, Tarcz. iu Bnll. Mosc. 1846, ii. 501. Branches densely
tomcntose-villous. Leavcs corchite-ovate, obtuse, 1 to 3 in. long, sinuate-
lobed, very mueh wrinkled and scabrous ■\vith steUate hairs above, very
densely tomeutose underneath. Stipules reuiform. Raecmes simplc, Avith
rather hn-ge nearly sessile flowcrs. Bracteoles ovate-hinceohite, obtuse, ihiek
and vcry villous-tomentose. Culyx above ^ iu. diameter, softly jiubtscent,
divided to nearly the base iuto obtuse connivent lobcs. Filaments uearly as
loug as the anthers, inserted with the staminodia in a sbghtly perigynous
ring. Anthers scarccly acuminate. Ovary tomentose, 3-C('lle(l with 6 to 8
ovules in each ccU ; style glabrous. — Lencothnmnus polyspermus, Turcz. in
Bull. Mosc. 1849, ii. 11.

yjV. Australia. Swan llivcr, Drmninond, n. 101 atid 105.

3. T. xnontana, Steud. iu Pt. Preiss. i. 230 ; Steelz, l. e. ii. 331.
Branches tomeniose-hirsute. Leaves petiolate, ovate-cordate or broadly
oblong, obtuse, niostly under l in. long, entire or slightly unduhite-crenatc,
green on both sides, glabrous or sprinkled with short stcllate hairs. Stipules
broadly oblique or reniform. liacemes on long peduucles, rather closcly
tomentose-])ubescent. Bractcoles linear-oblong orslightly spathidate. Calyx
about I in. diamcter, tomentose, divided to about the middle, thc sepals
broadly thickcned as in T. (jrandijlora, but witli a very narrow thin undulate
niargin. Pctals miuute. Stamens aiid staminodia united in a eu]) as long as
the ovary ; anthers attached by the middle aiul nearly scssile on thc margin

Thomasia.'] xxii. steuculiace.e. 251

of the cup, betwcen tlie sliort tooth-like stamiuodia. Ovary tomeiitose,
3-cellcd ; style glabroiis.

W. Australia, Eocky suminits of iMount Bakewell, Swaa River, Prciss, n. IGGl.

4. T. tenuivestita, F. Mnell. Fragm. ii. 7. Hoary all over with a
close minute but soft tomentum, without rigid hairs. Leaves on slendcr pe-
tioles, ovate-cordate, obtuse, f to l^ in. lono;, hoary-tomentose on both sides.
Stipules broad, oblique or reuiforra. Eacemes sleuder, with rather small
llowers. Bracteoh^s ohlong-linear, hoary-tomentose. Calyx opening to .5 or
6 lines diameter, slightly tomentose ; the lobes not reaching to the middle,
broad with a promineut midrib. Petals usually present. Anthers shortly
acuminate. Staminodia none. Ovary toraentose, 3-celled ; style glabrous.

Vy. Australia. Jlurchison river, Walcot and Oldfield.

5. T. solanacea, /. Gay, m Mem. Mus. Par. vii. 456, if. 21. A tall shrub
or sraall tree, the branches densely toraentose or shortly hirsute. Leavts
deeply cordate-ovate, obtuse, mostly 1| to 3 in. long, rather decply siuuate-
lobed, scabrous or hirsute above with stellate hairs, more softly and densely
tomentose or hirsute uuderneath. Stipules rather large, reniforin, often pe-
tiohite. Raceraes peduncuhite, several-fiowered, occasionally branched. Brac-
teoles small, linear. Calyx more or less tomentose, spreading to about \ iu.
diaraeter, divided to rather below the middle into acute lobes. Petals usuaUy
none. Filaraents very short ; anthers shortly acuminate. Starainodia usually
4, soraetiraes bearing small anthers. Ovary toraentose, 3-celled ; style gla-
brous. — DC. Prod. i. 489; Steetz, m Pl. Preiss. ii. 327; Laslopetalam sola-
naceuni, Siras, Bot. Mag. t. 1486.

W. Australia. Kiiig Gcorge^s Souncl, R. Brown, Fra-ser, and otlici-s ; Bald Islaud
and Princess Royal Harbour, Okl/ie/d, Ma.rinell.

Some monstrous specimens froni King Gcorge's Sound are very villous, witli more or less
developcd petals, and the stamcns and carpcls mostly deformed.

6. T. brachystachys, Turcz. in Bull. Mosc. 18.t2, ii. 143. Very
nearly allied to tlie niore liirsute speciraens of T. solanacca, and perhaps a
variety of that species. Leaves rather less obtuse and less deeply cordate.
Eacemes apparently all simple, very hirsute-toraentose. Pedicels very short.
Bracteoles broadly hanceolate, tliick and rusty-hirsute. Calyx more tomen-
tose than in T. soLanacca, less decply divided into more obtiise lobes. Petals
usually present.

VST. Australia, Drummond, oth Coll. n. 2G2.

7. T. discolor, Slcud. in IH. Preiss. i, 233; Stcetz, Z. e. ii. 326. A
tufted shridj of 2 to 4 ft., the branches densely tomentosc. Leaves cordate-
ovato, obtuse, 1 to 2 in. long, sinuatcly lobed, coriaccous, ghibrous or sca-
brous above, white or riisty-tomentose underneath. Stipides reniforra, occa-
sionally petiohite. Cymes pedunculate, several-tlowered. Bracteoles lincar,
rather thick, toraentose. Calyx sprcading to about f in. diameter, sprinkled
with stellate hairs outside, glabrous within, deeply divided into acute lobes,
lcss coloured than in most T/iomasias, but with prominent midribs. Petals
nonc. Pilauieuts as long as the anthcrs, without intervcning starainodia.
Ovarv vcrv villous, 3-ceIIed, with 2 ovidcs in each cell ; stvle glabrous.

253 XXII. steuciiliace;i:. [Thomasia.

W. Australia. King Gcoi-i^e's Souiul, Druiiiinoiul ; rocks at Williainstotic, Freiss,n.
1G58; Mount Kiphinstone'^ Oldfield.

8. T. quercifolia, /. Gay, in Mem. Mus. Far. vii. 459, t. 21. A low
shrub, with miiuerous branches, rigidly hirsiite-tomeutose. Leaves ovate,
usually deeply 3-lobed, the.lateral lobes short, divaricate and often obtusely 3-
lobed, the middle one longer, often 3-lobed, the whole leaf rarely exceeding 1
in., coriaceous, sprinkled above with rigid stellate hairs, tomentose and often
rigidly hirsute underneath. Stipides reuiform. Racemcs simple. Flowers
rather small. Bracteoles linear. Calyx-lobes not reaching the middk», broad
and obtuse. Petals none. Filaments about as long as the ovary, the antiiers
rather short, obtuse, opciiing to the base ; staniiuodia usually present. Ovary
tomentose, 3-celled ; style glabroiis. — DC. Prod. i. 489 ; Steud. in Pl. Preiss.
ii. 329 ; Lasiopelalum quercifolinm, Andr. Bot. Rep. t. 459 ; Bot. Mag. t.
1485 ; T. hi/ijoleuca, Steud. in Pl. Preiss. i. 234.

■W. Australia, Bruminond ; Kiug Gcorge's Sound, R. Brown, Preiss, n. 1G46, and
others; Fi;uililin rivcr, Ma.rwell.

9. T. foliosa, /. Gay, in Mem. Mns. Par. vii. 454, t. 22. A shrab, with
numerous ratlier sleuder branches, toraentose aiul hirsute when young.
Leaves petiolate, ovate-cortlate, rather dcicply sinuate-Iobed, rarely exceediug
1 in., spriukled with stellate hairs above, luore densely hirsute uuderneath.
Stipules very small, rarely attainiug 2 lines and sometimes almost wautiug.
Raceuies uumerous, ofteu branciied, sleuder, hirsute. Flowers small, on
sleuder pedicels. Braeteoles siuall, liuear. Calyx hirsute, about 3 lines dia-
meter, deeply divided into acute usually conuiveut lobes. Petals uone,
Filaineuts as long as the ovary, without interveniug staminodia ; anthers
short aud obtusc, almost didymous, the cells openiug laterally almost their
whole length. Ovary tomcutose, 3-ceIled. Style glabrous. — DC. Prod. i.
489 ; Steetz, in Pl. Preiss. ii. 325 ; T. viridis, Steud. in Pl. Piviss. i. 234 ; also
most probably T. diffnm, G. Don, Gen. Syst. i. 527, whicli 1 have uot seeu.

■W. Australia. Gcojirapher Bay, Leschenault, Bandin ; Swan River, Fraser, Drum-
mond, Pn-iss, n. 1030, 1649, 1653 ; Gordon, Salt, Kalgan, and Phillips rivcrs, Oldjield.

10. T. triloba, Tnrcz. in Bnll. Mosc. 1846, ii. 500. A low shrub, with
slender brauches, quite glabrous or slightly toaicutosc towards the top.
Leavcs on long petioles, broadly cordate, mostly ^ to f iu. loug, ncarly e(pu\lly
3-Iobed, lobcs broad, obtuse, often sinuat(!-crenate and uudulate, glabrous or
rarely spriukled with a very few stellate hairs. Stipulcs reuiformor 3-Iobed.
llacemes long aud slcudcr, usually ghibrous. Bracteoles linear, slightly
ciliate. Calyx spreading to about \ iu. diameter, divided to about thc
middlc into broad rather obtuse lobcs, glabrous or ncarly so, the midrib not
umch thickcued. Filaments sliort. Ovary densely tomentos(% 3-celled;
style glabrous.

W. Australia, Brummond, n. 106.

1 1 . T. triphylla, /. Gay, in Mein. Mns. Par. vii. 458. Branches scabrous-
touieutosc aud sometimes hispid. Leaves petiolate, ovate-cordate, l^ to 2 in.
loug, siuuate-piuuatifid, with short broad very obtuse lobes, raore or less
spriukled wilh very rigid stellate rusty hairs, but otherwise glabrous. Stipules
petioiate, broad, obIi(]ucIy 2 or 3-Iobcd, or reniform. Flowcrs largc, iu short

TJwmnsia .'] xxii. sterculiacE;?:. 253

liispid niceraes. Bracteoles linear-lanceolate, hispid. Calyx openin2: to
nearly 1 in. diameter, hispid at the base only, divided to aboiit the middle
into broad lobcs with thick miihibs. Petals none. Filaments rather long ;
anthers sliortly and obtusely acuminate, staminodia often present. Ovary
tomentose, 3-celled.— DC. Prod. i. 489 ; Steetz, in Pi. Preiss. ii. 328 ; La-
siopefal/nu triplnjllum, Labill. Pl. Nov. Holl. i. 63, t. 88 ; Thomasia slipulacea,
Lindl. Swan Riv. App. 18; T. glabrata, Steud. in Pl. Preiss.' i. 234.

■WT. A,ustralia. Cape Lcenwiu, LaliUardiere ; Swan River, Drummond, \st CoII.,
Preiss, n. 1635, 1636, Oldfcld, anJ otlicrs.

T. GUhertiana, Turcz. in BiiU. ^Iosc. 1849, ii. 10, whicli I have uot scen, would appcar
from his descriptiou to be the samc as T. tri]iki/Ua.

12. T. purpurea, -/. Gay, in Mem. Mus. Par. vii. 452, t. 21. A small
shnib or nnderslirnb, the slender branches more or less tomentose or hirsute.
Leaves oblong or nearly linear, obtnse, -1 to 1 in. long, entire, sprinkled with
stellate hairs above, more hirsute underneath, or rarely nearly ghibrous.
Stipnles broad and oblique, or almost reniform. Racemes Innger than the
leaves. Flowers rather small, on very short pedicels. Bi'acteoles linear.
Calyx slightly tomentose, expanding to about ^ in. diaraeter, divided to about
the raiddle into ovate lobes. Petals small, occasionally vvanting. Pihunents
very short, anthers slightly acuniinate. Ovary glabrons, 3- or 4-cellcd with
2 ovules in each cell ; style ghibrous. — DC. Prod. i. 489 ; Steetz, in Pl.
Preiss. ii. 318 ; Lasiopetalum purpnreum, Ait. Hort. Kew. cd. 2, ii. 36 ; Bot.
Mag. t. 1755 ; Thomasia rupestris, Steud. in Pl. Preiss. i. 231.

IV. Australia. King George's Sonnd, U. Brown ; Fraser aud others ; jMouut El-
phiustonc, Preiss, n. 1648.

Var. undtdata. Larger iu all its parts and slightly hoarv-tomeutose. Leaves niostly 1
to \\ in. long. Flowers larger, the racemes more peduaculate. Petals nsually none.- — T.
zindulata, Steetz, in Pl. Preiss. ii. 320. Swan River, Brummond, \st Coll. and 2nd CoU.
n. 58.

Stcetz deseiihes the eapsnle of ihis aud the foHowing species as stipitate, but the stipes, if
auy, is so short as to be scarcely pereeptible.

13. T. macrocal3rx, ,Steucl. in Pl. Preiss. i. 230; Sleetz, l.c. ii. 319.
A shrub of 1| to 2 ft., nearly allied to T. purpurea, but differing cliiefly in
the hirge, inflated, fruiting calyx. Branches tomentose and hirsute with
stirt" stedate hairs. Leaves petioiate, oblong-lanceolate, obtnse, 1 to l^ in.
long, scabrous-pubescent abovc, tonicntose or hirsute uuderneath. Stiprdes
obli([ue or semicordate. Racemes long, several-flowered Bracteoles linear-
lanceolate. Calyx expanding to nearly \ in. diameter, with broad short lobes,
the raidribs much thickened, when in fruit much inflated, dcpressed-globose,
somevvhat 5-angled, fuUy \ in. diaraeter, although the lcfljcs are closely con-
nivent. Filaments as long as the anthers, which are more obtuse tlian in
T. purpurea. Ovary and style glabrous as in T. purpurea.

W. Australia. Prcston river, Welliugton district, Preiss, n. 1657; S. W. coast,
MarweU.

14. T. pauciflora, Lindl. Swan Riv. Jpp. 18. Scabrous-tomcntose or
hirsute. Leavcs lauceolate, often cordate, and sometimes hastatcly 3-lobed
at the base, 1 to 2 in. long, grecn and sprinkled with short, rigid, stellate
hairs on both sides. Stipules broad, seraihastate or reniform. Eacemes

254 XXII. STERCULIACE^.. . [Thomasia.

several-flowered. Bracteoles linear or srarcely lanceolatc, ratlier tliick, rusty-
tomentosc or hirsute. Calyx cxpaiuling to \ in. or ratlier uiorc, divided to
below the middle, the midribs proniinent. Pctals usually but not always
present. rihimcuts short. Ovary tomcutosc, usually 3-cellcd ; style tomen-
tose at the base, glabrous upwards, the touu^ntose base oftcn pcrsisting ou
the ripc capsule. — Steetz, in Pl. Preiss. ii. 329; T. subhastata, Steud. iu Pl.
Preiss. i. 232 ; Steetz, 1. c. ii. 330.

"^JV, Australia. Swan River, Dnimmoncl, \st ColL, Preiss, n. 1G33, 1647 ; King
George's Souiul, llarvri/.

T. paniculata, Liiidl., Svvan Riv. App. 18; Steetz, in Pl. Prciss. ii. 323, fruin Swan
River, appcars to bc only a luxuriant fonn of T. paaciflora, willi rathcr largcr llowers and
the glabrous part of thc style rathcr longcr. A still niore hixuriant varicty, with lcavcs 3
in. loug, and the calyx 7 lines diauieter, was gathcred by ^MaxwcU iu thc inuist vallcys of
Franklin rivcr.

15. T. rhynchocarpa, Tarcz. in Bidl. Mosc. 3 852, ii. 14.2. Yery
uear T. pancijlora, witli a similar foliagc, but the indumcntum more ferru-
ginoiis and deuser, the bractcolcs and flowers ratiicr ditferently shaped.
Eaccmcs 2- or 3-flowered. Bracteolcs oblong or broadly lauceoUitc, obtusc,
tluck, and dcusely rusty-tomcntose. Calyx opeuing to nearly 1 in. diameter,
scarcely divided to the niichllc, with broad obtuse lobes, nuich replicate ou
the margius ovcr the fruit, the midribs very promiueut insidc. Petals minutc.
Eilaments rather loug. Ovary tomentose ; style also tomentose, exccpting
quite the extremity, and usually pcrsistent. Fruiting calyx closiug ovcr to
about \ in. diameter. — Y. Muell. Fragra. ii. 8.

W. Australia, BrHmmond, ^th Ooll. n. 261 ; Kojoncrnp vallcy aml Salt rivcr, Max-

16. T. grandiflora, lAndl. Swaii JRIv. App. 18. A shrub or undcr-
shrub of 1 or 2 ft., with tlic liabit aud foliage of T. pancijlora, but at oncc
kuowu by the flowcrs. Lcavcs mostly ovate-lanceolatc, or oblong, or thc;
hnvest ovate, obtuse, ^ to 1 iu. loug, eutire, cordatc or obscurely 3-lobcd at
the basc, gUdjrous or spriukh'd with a few steUate hairs. Stipulcs obUque
or scnuhastate. Plowers hu-ge, in terminal racemes. Bracteolcs broadly
huiceolatc, thick, aud tomeutose-hirsute. Calyx spreadiug to about 1 in.
diameter, not divided to the mi(hlle, tlic broad tiiick ccutre of cach sepal
hirsutc-tomentose outside and short-tomentose insidc, the broad inargins
thiu, g]al)rous, aiul undulate. Petals none. Filaments very short ; anthers
acumiiuite. Ovary tomentose, 3-celled, vith 8 to 20 or even more ovules iu
cach cell. — Stcetz, in Pl. Preiss. ii. 321 ; T. ci/cnopotumica and T. liicida,
Steud. in Pl. Preiss. i. 231.

■W. Australia. Swan River, Drummond, \sl ColL, Preiss, n. 1645 and 1667; ^lur-
chison rivcr and Cluunpion Bay, Oldjield.

17. T. cognata, Steud. in Pl. Preiss. i. 232; Stcclz, l.c. ii. 320. A
low shrub, very hispid witli rigid stcllate hairs. Leaves petiolate, oblong or
lanceolate, obtuse, rarely cxcc(!ding 1 in., wrinkled, and very much cris))ed
on the margin, green aud hispid on both sidcs. Stipules broadly semihastate.
Raeemes slender, with small, ncarly scssilc flowers. Bracteolcs linear-Ian-
ceolatc. Cnlyx hispid, opening to about | in. diamcter, the angles very pro-
mincut, dividcd to about tlu> middlc into broad lobcs uot imdulatc on the

T/iomasiri.] xxii. sterculiace.i:. 255

margin. Petals usinilly prescnt, vcry concave and hirsnte. Filamcuts rather
long; anthers not acuminate. Ovary very villous, 5-celictl, deeply furrowed;
style ghxbrons.

W. Australia. Swaa River, Dmmmond, n. 68 ; Rottenest Islaud, Preiss, n. 1660
aud 1GG6; Freemantle and King George's Sound, Oldjield.

IS. T. rulingioides, Stend. in Pl. Prms. i. 232; Sleetz, l.c. ii. 322.
A very hispid slirub, at first sight closely resembling T. cofjnata, or thc hispid
forins of T. purpiij-ea, and with the 5-celled ovary of tlie former, but tlie
leaves are narrower, alniost or cpiite sessile, the crisped margins much revo-
lute, and narrowed at the base. Stipules broadly seraihastatc or sometimes
hastate, 3-lobed. Flowers nearly sessile in the raceme and hispid as in T.
cognata, but rather smaller. Calyx similar. Petals usually smaller and less
hirsute. Filaments rather shorter. Ovary glabrous, grauuhitc.

W. Australia. Swan River, Preiss, n. 1663.

19. T. angTistifolia, Steud. in Pl. Preiss. i. 232; Steetz, l. c. 322.
The whole plant clothed with a hoary tomentum, somewhat scabrous on the
upper side of the leaves, denser and often rusty underneath, without spread-
ing hairs. Leaves narrow-oblong or rarely Lanceolate, obtnse, mostly about
-1 in. long, wrinkled with deeply itnpressed veins, the margins i-evolnte,
rounded at the base. Stijudes broadly semihastate or semicordate. Eacemes
slender, with about 4 to 8 small tlowers. Bracteoles linear-Ianceolate, tomen-
tose. Calyx opening to about 5 lincs diameter, divided much below the
middle, the margins tlat, the priucipal branching veins of each sepal some-
times promineut as well as the midrib, but not starting from the base, as in
GiiicJwnotia. Petals generally present, andoftenafew staminodia. Anthers
shortly aud obtusely acuminate. Ovary densely tomentose, usaally 3-ceUed ;
style glabrous.

W. Australia. Soutliern distriets, Brinnmond, n. 107, Preiss, n. 1634 ; near Capc
Riche, ^«/-ir^; King George's Souud, Oldjield ; Kojonerup and Fitzgerald ranges, J/i^jr-
well.

Tn foliage and habit this has much resemblancc to Lysiosppalnm rvgosum, but the flowers
arc very different.

20. T. petalocaljTX, T. Mnell. in Trans. Pliil. Soc. i. 35, and Pl. Vict.
i. 147. Very near T. aHfjnslifulia, and perliaps a variety. Tomentum more
copious, looser, and mixetl with long steUate hairs. Leaves often larger,
attaining l^ in., the margins lcss revolute. Plowers larger. Bracteolcs
usually broadly lanceolate or alinost ovate. Calyx-lobes broader and very
obtuse ; in other respects the characters are those of T. angiistifolia. — T.
r,}.acrocali/x, Schlecht. Linnsea, xx. G33, not Steud.

Victoria. Stouy coast ridges, \Vilson's Promontory, F. Miieller.

S. Australia. Light and Gawler rivers, Behr ; Barossaaud Bugle ranges, T. Mueller ;
Kangaroo Island, Waterhouse.

W. Australia. Between King Gcorge's Souud aud the Great Aastralian Bight, 3Iax-
well.

21. T. sarotes, Tnrcz. in Bull. Mosc. 1852, ii. 11.5. Branches slender,
minutely tomentose. Leaves almost sessile, linear, obtuse, rarely exceeding \
in., quite entire, the margins closely revolute, minutely tomcntose or glabrous
above, more rusty-tomentosc underncath. Stipules similar to the leaves aud

256 XXII. sTERCULiACE.i:. [Thomasia ,

often nearly as lon?, giving tlie plant a hoath-like aspect. TJacemes long and
slender. liracteolcs narrow-linear or slightly spatliidate. Calyx 5 or 6 lines
diameter, deeply lobed, the lobes almost acute. Petals small and broad ;
staminodiu also occasionally present. Ovary tomentose ; style glabrous.
y^. Australia, Lrummond, bth Coll. n. 256.

22. T. glutinosa, Lmdl. Sican Riv. App. 18. Branches tomentose or
slightly hispid, viscid towards the top. Leaves petiolate, the lower ones or
sometiines nearly all ovate-cordate, the np])er ones or nearly all lanccolatc or
hastately 3-lobe'd, the middle lobe often 1 to 2 in. long, tlie hiteral ones very
short, all obtuse, glabrous or sprinkled with stellate hairs above, looscly to-
mentose underneath. Stipules noiie. Eaeemes on long pedunclcs, hirsute
and very glutinous. Bracteoles tiliform, inserted on the pedicel at soine dis-
tance from the calyx. Calyx spreading to 6 to 8 lines diameter, slightly
pubeseent or sometimes hirsute at the base, divided to about the middlc into
broad acute lobes, petal-like, as iu most speeies, and the eentral vein of eaeli
sei)al deeply coloured, but scareely thickeued. Petals none. Fihaments very
short; authers produced into a rather long light-eoloured point. Ovaiy vil-
lous, 3-celled, with 2 ovules in eaeh cell. Style glabrous or slightly tomen-
tose at the base. — RJiynchostemou gliitiuosHm, Steetz, in Pl. Preiss. ii. 33-i.

^V. Australia. Swan River, Brummond, \st Coll., Preiss, n. 10.32 aud 16G8, aiid
others.

Var. laHfoIla. Leavcs mnstly ovate-cordate, cntirc or obscurcly 3-lobed. luduineiitum
of thc braiiclies aud nnder side of the leaves tomcntose ouly aud s( arcely hispid. Flowers
somcliiucs, bnt not ahvays, snialler. — T. cane.icms, Liudl. Svvau Hiv. App. 18 ; T. (emula
and 7'. lasiopcialoides, Stcud. iu PI. Preiss. i. 233 ; R/ii/nchostcmnn can/?sci'>is, Steetz, iu PL
Preiss. ii. 335. Suaii llivcr, Drummond, \st Coll., Frciss, n. 1G3G aud 1641.

23. T. laxiflora, Beulh. Young branches densely clothed with a close
tomentum. Leaves, like those of the broad-leaved variety of T. (/Jntiuosn,
from ovate-cordate to broadly Lanceolate, aeumiuate, entire or obscurely
3-lobed, l^ to 2^ in. long, abnost coriaceous and ghabrous above when fuU-
grown, deiisely and softly tomentose underiieat]). Stipides none. Eaccmes
elongated, peduncuhite, apparently viseid and subnkite ; bracteoles di.stant
from the calyx, as in T. (jlnHuosa. Calyx very angidar, dividcd to below
the middle into ovatc, ccrdate, acuminate segments, glabrous inside at
the base with pronunent midribs, the broad thin margins tomentose inside.
Petals suiall, broad. Anthers acuminate, but mucli less so than in 1\ glu-
tiuo-m. Ovary villous, 3-celled with 2 ovules in each cell. Style ghibrous.

yjV. Australia. Swau River, Drionmond, Coll. 1 843, n. 25.

24. T. stelligera, lieuth. A low shrub, Mitli sh^nder wiry branches,
covered, as well as the under side of the leaves, with a whitish, almost silvery,
scaly tomentuin. Leaves shortly petiolatc, the upper ones sometimes oppo-
site, from oblong to hmeeolate or almost linear, very obluse, \ to 1 in. long,
ghd)rous and smooth on the upper side. Stipidcs none. Flowers rather
large, pink, 2 or 3 in the raceme. Bracteoles small, close to the calyx.
Calyx sprinkled outside witli a few scale-like steUate hairs, slightly tomentose
inside, divi^hnl to about the middle, angnlar and ahuost 5-saceate at the base,
the lobes broad and acnte, the midribs ricldy coloured, but scarcely promi-
nent. Petals small. Autliers shortly acnminate. Ovary densely covered

T//omrma.] xxii. steiiculiacb.e. 357

witli scaly stellate hairs, 3-cellecl, vvitli 2 ovules ineacli cell ; style g-labrous, —
Lasiopchiliini HMlujfrum, Turcz. iu Bull. Mosc. 1853, ii. 117.
W. Australia, Drummond, lith Coll. n. 257.

35. T. pygmaea, Benlli. Not uuich branched and only 3 or 4 in. high,
but woody, the young shoots and under side of the leaves covered with a
minute scaly tomentum. Leaves shortly petiolate, orbicuhir-cordate, 3 to 4
lines diameter, entire, coriaceous and ghibrous above when fuU-grown. Sti-
]ndes uone. Flowers Lai-ge, solitary or 3 together, on peduncles longer than
the leaves. Bracteoles very small, close to the calyx. Calyx very angular,
s|)rinkled with stellate hairs more or less united into scales, d(;eply divided
into broadly ovate-cordate, acute segnieuts, attaining fuUy 5 lines, thin and
])etal-Iike, with the midribs prominent inside. Petals noue. Filaments rather
loug; anthers very obtuse. Ovary covered with seale-like pa])illa}, 5-celled,
wilh 3 ovides in each cell. Slyle glabrous, prominently 5-augled, almost
5-winged to near the summit ; stiginas at length separating. — Aderochiton
]jijrjm./-eiis, Turcz. in Bull. Mosc. 1852, ii. 139.

W. Australia, BiumrnoHrf, hth Coll. n. 258.

Notwitlistanaiuij the ciirious style, this plant is too closcly allicJ to T. stellirjera to be
sepaiated froni it gcuerically. I had fonnerly refcrred llicin both to Lasinpefalum, but they
have the calyx of Thomasia, a character which, after a detailed review of all the species, appcai s
to be the best for distiuguishing uatnrally the two geuera.

17. GUICHENOTIA, J. Gay.

(Sarotes, LiiicU.)

Calyx 5-Iobed, enlarged and membranous after flowering, with raiseu ribs,
3 or 5 to each sepal. Petals 5, small and scale-like. Stamens 5, opposite
the petals, slightly connected at the base or free ; staminodia none or rarely
1 to 5, very sniall, alternating with the stamens. Authers opening at the top
towards the inside in short slits, which at length extend more or less down
the side. Ovary 5-ceIIed, with 3 to 5 ovules in each ceU. Style simple.
Capsule shorter than the calyx, opening loculicidally in 5 valves. Seeds
usually strophiolate, albumiuous ; embryo straight, with flat cotyledons. —
Shrubs, more or less tomentose with stellate hairs. Leaves narrow, entire,
witli revolute margins. Stipules leafy, cither similar to tlie leaves or short
and oblique. Racenies siniple, leaf-opposed. Bracts small and deciduous.
Bracteoles small, and not so close to the calyx as in most Lasiopetalere.

The geuus is confiued to Austraha. It diffcrs from Thomasia chiefly in the calyx. The
leaves and stipules of those species where they are similar are somctiiues described as verti-
cillate leaves.

Style glabrous or tomentose at the base ouly.
Stipules like the leaves and scarcely smaller.

Flowers several iu the raccnie. Calyx not above 4 lines . . . \. G. lerVfolia.

riowers 2 or 3. Calyx f to l in 2. G. murrantha.

Stipules semihastate, inuch sinallcr thau the leaves 3. <7. semihastata.

Style glabrous at the base, thiclily stellate-hiiiry iu the upper half.
Stipules like the leaves, but smaller. Calyx above 5 lines. Anthers

acnmiuate. No stauiinodia ^. G. Sarotes.

Stipules suiall, semicordate. Calyx about 3 liues. Authers truncate.

Staminodia 5 or fewer . . * a. G. micruntha.

VOL. I. S

25S XXII. STERCULTACE.E. {Guichenotla .

1. G. ledifolia, /. Gay, in Mnn. Mn/t. Pnr. vii. 449, l. 20. k slirub
clotlicd with a sf)ft wliitisli toinciitiiin, cithcr closo, or deiisc aiid velvety, or
ahxiost floccosc. Lcavcs on vcry sliort pctiolcs, ol)long-hiicar, ohtusc, mostly 1
to \\ in. lonp;, the niarg"iiis iniich revolute, wrinkled, thick, and soft. Sti-
pulcs siniilar, but nsually rathcr sliortcr and inore scssilc. Raceincs scvcral-
flowered. Calyx 2^ to 4 lines lon<i, scarccly mcmbranous, tonientosc, the 3
proniincnt ribs on each sepal giving it a rigid striale appearancc. Fihiments
rathcr short ; aiithers aeuminatc. Ovary densely tomcntosc, usually 5-celIed,
with 3 to 5 ovulcs in each cell ; stylc glabrous. — DC. Prod. i. 489; Steetz,
in PI. Preiss. ii. 318.

W. Australia. Swan River, Drummond, n. 67 ; Preiss, n. 1670 ; and northward to
Rotlencst IslauJ, A. Cnnninf/ham ; Sharks Bay, Leschenault ; jMurcliison river, Oldjield.

2. G. macrantha, Turcz. in Bull. Mosc. 1846, ii. 500. A slirub with
the foliiige and indumentum of G. ledifolia, but vcry much largcr pcndulous
tiowers, ou thickened pedicels, in raccmcs of 2 or 3. Bractcolcs sonietiincs,
but not always, larger and closer to the calyx. Calyx at lcngtli f to l in.
long, sprinklcd with stellatc toincntum, more mcmbranoiis than in G. ledifolia,
divided to about the middle into broad, acute lobcs, with 3 promincnt ril)s to
each sepal. Filaments ratlur long. Ovary 5-cellcd, dcnscly glandular-to-
mcntosc, witli 4 or 5 ovules in eaeh eell ; style tomentose at thc base, gla-.
brous npwards. — Bot. Mag. t. 4651.

TV. Australia. Swan River, Bnnnmond, n. 133 ; iu thc intcrior, Boe.

3. G. semihastata, Bentli. A low shrub, with tlie aspcct ncarly of
G. Sarotes, but tlic tomentnm nsually closer and thiuner, somctimcs disap-
pearing from the upj)er smfacc of the leaves. Leaves oii short petioles, ob-
long-linear, obtnse, \ to 1 in. long, the margins mncli revolute. Stipules
semiliastate, sonietimes very small, sometimes half as long as the leavcs.
Flowers pendnlous, solitary, or 2 or 3 in a short raceme, large, likc those of
G. Sarote.^i. Bractcoles small, cordate-aciiminate or lanceolate. Calyx ^ to f
in. long, sprinkled with a slight tomentum, dividcd to below the middlc into
broad, alinost cordate lobes, with 3 or 5 raised ribs to each sepal. Filamciits
shorter than the anthers. Ovary tonientose aiid glandular, 5-ceIIed, with 2
ovulcs in eaehccll; style glabrous. — Sarotes seiniliastafa, F. ]\IuclI. Fragm. ii.
4 ; Ditoniostrophe aiujnstifotia, Turez. in ]5ull. IMosc. 1846, ii. 499.

MT. Australia, Briimmond, n. 102; White Pcak aud Chainpion Bay, Oldfietd.

4. G. Sarotes, Benth. A low, niuch-branched, softly tomentose slirub.
Lcavcs almost sessile, oblong-Iinear, obtuse, the margins much revolute,
mostly about \ in., bnt sometimes 1 in. long. Stipulcs siiuilar, but smaller,
sometimes searccly above half as long. Racemes pedunculate, with fcw rather
large pendulous ilowcrs. Braeteoles sinall. Calyx thin, 5 or 6 lines long,
or nearly 9 when in fruit, divided to bclow the middle into broad, almost
cordate lobes, with 3 raised ribs to each sepal. Filaracnts very short ; anthers
acuminate. Ovary densely glandular-touientose, 5-cellcd witii 2 or 3 ovulcs
to each cell. Style glabrous at the base, dcnsely covcred with stcllate hairs
in the upper half. — Sarotes ledifotia, Lindl. Swan lliv. A])p. 19 ; Hook.
Jouru. Bot. ii. 381, t. 16 ; Thouiasia pumita, Steud. in PI. Preiss. i. 238, ac-
cording to Steetz, 1. c. ii. 345.

Ginc/ienoiia.] xxri. stekculiace.e. 259

W. Australia. Swan Rivcr, I)nimmo»d, \st ColL, 2nd Coll. n. 59, Preiss, n. 1 643.

5. G. micrantha, Benth. Smaller and more brauclied tlian the otlier
species, but equally tomentose. Leaves on very short petioles, oblong-linear
or almost hinceohite, obtuse, mostly under ^ iu. aiul rarely 1 in. long;, the
margins much revohite. Stipules obliquely ovate-cordate, usually very small,
and sometimes wanting. Eacemes 3- to 6-flowered. Bracteoles linear-fili-
form. Calyx about 3 lines long, very broad and angidar, the sepals uuited
much above the middle, witli 3 or 5 prominent ribs to each. Filaments very
short, alternatiug with small stamiuodia ; anthers very truncate and usually
tipped with a tuft of short hairs. Ovary tomeutose, 5-ceIIed ; style densely
covered with stellate hairs from below the middle to the io^.—Sarotes mi-
cranlha, Steetz, in PI. Preiss. ii. 34G ; Thomasia jjogonanthera, F. Muell.
Fragm. ii. 7.

W. Australiaj Drummond, n. 63; Burges ; White Peak, Champion Bay, Oldfield.

18. LASIOPETALUM, Sm.

(Corethrostylis, Eudl.)
Calyx 5-lobed nearly to the base, not much enlarged after flowering, with-
out prominent ribs, the sepals obscurely several-veined at the base. Petals
small and scale-Iike, or rarely none. Staraens 5, opposite the petals, slightly
connected at the base or free, without intervening staminodia ; anthers opcn-
ing in terminal or inwardly oblique pores or short slits, which rarely exteud
down the sides. Ovary 3-ceIled, or rarely 4- or 5-celled, with 2 or very
rarely more ovules in each cell ; style simple. Capsule shorter than the
calyx, opening loculicidally. Seeds usually solitary in each cell, erect, stro-
phiolate, albuminous ; embryo straight, with flat cotyledons. — Shrubs, more
or less tomentose or pubescent with stellate hairs. Leaves entire or rarely
lobed, often coriaceous and glabrous on the upper side, in one species nearly
all opposite, and in some others occasionally so. Stipules uone. Flowers
in small drooping cymes contracted into heads, or in looser-branched cymes,
or rarely in simple racemes. Bracteoles 3 or fewer, in some species very
small.

The genus is entirely Australian. It differs from Thomasia chiefly in the calyx and
generally in habit. The want of stipules is coustant iu Lasiopefahim, but occurs also in
the section Rhi/achosfemon of Thomasia, to which somc Liisiopetala of the section Core-
throsfylis bear much atiinity. They are, howcver, readily ivuown by the peculiar hairs of
the style in that group, which never occur iu Thomasia.

A. Sfi/le glal)rous.
Bracteoles louger than the calyx, formiug an involnci'e round the
soft woolly flower-heads. Leaves cordate-ovate, white-tomentose

underneath 1. Z. discolor.

Bracteoles uot excecding the calyx, or subulate and loose.
Calyx-segments glabrous inside (except the edges).
Calyx-sograents mostly 3 liues long or more.
Cymes dense. Calyx vcry angular.

Leaves cordate-ovale or lanceolute 2. L. dasyphillnm.

Lcavcs linear. Calyx-segments acumiuate 5. L. i.arcijloraivi.

Cymcs fcw-flov.'ered, not dense. Lcavcs oblong or liucar,
thickly coriaccous. Calyx scarcely augidar.
Sepals uanow-hiiiceolatc. looscly woollv tDiueiitosc . . 3. L. indnfum.

s 2

2C0 xxir. STEWCULIACE/E. [Lasiopetalmn.

Sepals broad, thick, closely tomeiitose 4. Z. Belirii.

Calyx-segmeiits raruly exceediiiji- 2 liiies aiul niostly smaller.

IjCaves opposite, liiiear-lanceolate fi. X. Ojipositifolium.

Leavesliucar, coriaceous, smootli above. Calyx very augiilar 5. L. parcijlorum.
Leaves liuear, rugose. Anther-cclls opeuiug latcraily to the

base 7. L. micranthum.

Leaves cordatc-lanceolate, rugose. Cymcs loose, many-

flowercd. Calyx very sprcadiug 3. Z. niacrophi/llum.

Oalyx-segments tomeiitose or pubcscent inside.
Leaves linear. Cymes or racemes alinost simple.

llacemes several-flowered, reflexed. Calyx-segmeuts not

above 3 liues, acute 9. Z). Baueri.

riowers on slender pedicels, scarcely racemose. Calyx-seg-

meuts -4 to 5 lines, broad and scarcely acute .... 10. L. rufum.
Leaves cordate or lanceolate.

Cymes deuse, nearly sessile. Calyx very angular. Authers

not acuminate 11. L.ferrugineum.

Cyiues peduncidate, loose. Calyx-segments thick. An-

thers acuminate 12. L. acutiflorum.

B. ^tylp (Jensehj cooered from the top of the anthers to the summit or near the summit
with stellate horiznntal or rejlexed hairs, forming a cylindrical or conical mass. (Core-
throstylis, Endl.)

Leaves oblong-lanceolate or linear. Bracteoles usually 3.

Cymes densely capitate. Bracteoles and calyx-scgmeuts linear

and softly plumose-villous 13. L. Brummondii.

Cynies few-flowcred. Bracteoles short. Calyx hoai*y-tomentose 14. L. rosmannifolium,
Leaves cordate-ovate. Bractcoles 1 or 3.
Bractcoles liiiiar or subulate.

Pcilicels short. Bracteoles close to the calyx.

Leaves cnriaceous, glabrous above, tomcntose undcrncath.

Calyx 2 to 3 lines 15. L. cordifolium.

Leaves densely tonientose, villous uuderueath. Calyx 3 to

4 liucs 16. L. Schuhenii.

Pedicels longer than the calyx. Bracteoles distaut. Calyx-

segnieiits narrow-lauceolate, 2 lines 17. L. floribundum.

Bracteolcs ovate, membranous aud coloured.

Bi-actcoles close to the calyx. Pedicels short. Tomentum

sliort and snft 18. Z. molle.

Bracteoles bclow the middle of tiie pedicel.

Leaves sprinkled with rigid stellate hairs, otherwise glabrous. 1 9. L. niembranaceum,
Leaves tomentose underueath 20. L. bracleatum.

A. Lasiopet.\lum proper. — Style glabrous.

1. L. discolor, Ilook. Comp. Bot. Mag. i. 276, andJourn. Bot. ii. 414.
A shriib of several feet, the branches toinentose. Leaves petioLate, ovate-
conlate, obtiise, 1 to 2 or rarely 3 in. lonp:, cQriaceous, loosely tonientose above
when young, but soon glabrous, white-tonieiitose uiulerneath. Cyraes con-
tracted iiito dense soi'tly tomentose heads, on short recurved pediuicles. Brac-
teoles longer than tlie calyx, obloiig-Knear, petal-like, with a broad thick
central nerve, tonientose, arranged in a kind of radiating involucre round the
head. Calyx-segmenls thin and petal-like, 3 to 4 lines long, softly tomen-
tose outside, glabrous inside. Petals often shortly chiwed. Anthcrs rather
long. Ovary very villous ; style glabrous. — L.confertiflorum, F. Muell. in
Linnaea, xxv. 377 ; L. capitdlutum, Turcz. in Bull. Mosc. 1852, ii. 148.

Lasiopetalum.'] xxii. steuculiace/e. 261

Tasmania. Ilummock or Piiine Seal Islaiid, Bass's Straits, Backhome, Gumi, uuJ
others.

S. Australia. Port Lincoln, R. Brown, WillieJmi ; Meinory Cove, iJ. Brown ; Venus
Bay aud Kaunaroo Isiand, Watcrhouse.

W. Australia. S. coast, Brummond, 'bth Coll. n. 263 ; sandy hills, S.W. Bay and
Doubtful Island Bay, Olclfeld.

2. Ij. das^rphyllum, Sieb. ; Hook. Journ. Bot, ii. 414. A tall shrub, tbe
yoimg branclies rusty-tomentose. Leaves from ovate-cordate to cordate- or
oblong-lanceolate, in hixiiriant specimens 3 or 4 in. long and acute, in others
much smaller and obtuse, entire, coriaceous, ghibrous or slightly scabrous
above, vvhite or rusty-toraentose undenieath. Cynies reflexed, nearly sessile,
very dense, abnost capitate, and densely rusty-tomentose. Bracteoles lanceo-
late, shorter than the calyx. Calyx-segments ovate-hmceohTte, 3 to 4 lines
long, tomentose outside, ghabrous inside. Anthers truncate, about as long as
the fihiments. Ovary tomentose, usually 4-celled (abnost constantly 3-celied
in all other species of the genus). Style glabrous or toraentose at the base
only.— Steetz, in Pl. Preiss. ii. 341 ; E. Miiell. PI. Vict. i. 144 ; L. Giirmii,
Steetz, l.c. ii. 342; Hook. f. FI. Tasm. i. 51; L. TFilhelrni, F. Muell. in
Trans. Phil. Soc. Vict. ii. 65.

N. S. Wales. Grose river, R. Broion ; Port Jackson, Sieber, n. 240, and others ;
Bhie Mountains, A. Cunningham and others ; southward to Tvirofold Bay, F. MneUer.

Victoria. llighest declivities of the Grampiaus, Wilhelmi ; granitic ridges, more fre-
quent towards the eastern houndary, F. Mueller.

Tasmania. Kocky Cape and islands of Bass's Straits, Gunn.

3. L. indutum, Slend. in Pl. Preiss. i. 235; Steetz, l.c. ii. 340. A
much-branched shrub of 2 to 4 ft., the young shoots riisty-tonientose. Leaves
froui broadly oblong to linear, obtuse, 1 to 3 in. long, not cordate at the base,
tiie margins slightly recurved, coriaceous, glabrous above when full grown,
densely tomentose underneath. Cyraes shortly pedimculate, compact, re-
flexed, few-flowered. Bracteoles linear, tomentose-villous, shorter than or
sometimes as long as the calyx. Calyx-segments lanceolate, acute, 2 to 3
lines long, densely tomentose or softly villous outside, glabrous or nearly so
inside. Filaments short ; anthers contracted at the top, with oblique pores.
Ovary tomentose-villous ; style glabrous.

W. Australia. Konkoherup hills, Preiss, n. 1655 ; towards Cape Riche, Drummond ;
S.W. interior, Ma.rwell (with less vvoolly flowers) : sand-hilis by the south coast; R. Broion
(with sinall tiowers).

4. L. Behrii, P. Muell. in Traus. Phil. Soc. Vict. i. 36, ayid Pl. Vict. i.
143, t. 3. An erect or diffuse shrub, of several feet, nearly allied to Z. in-
dutum, but with larger more rigid flowers. Young branches rusty-tomentose.
Leaves shortly petiolate, IVom oblong to linear, obtuse, mostIy'l| to 2^ in.
long, not cordate at the base, the margins reciu-ved, coriaceous, glabrous
above when fuU grown, hoary or rusty underneath with a close tomen-
tum. Cyraes shortly pedunculate, rather loose. Bracteoles linear, much
shorter thau the calyx. Calyx-segments ovate, acute, 3 to 4 Hnes long,
rather thick, obscnrely 3-nerved and white-tomeutose outside, glabrous inside.
Filaments very short; anther-pores small, terrainal. Ovary toraentose ; style
glabrous.

N. S. 'Wales, Darling aiul Murrumbidgce rivcrs, F. Mueller.

262 XXII. STEKCULIACE/E. [Lcmopetnluni.

Victoria. In the N.W. district, F.3IneUer.

S. Australia. S. coast, K. Brown ; irom the Murray river to Kangaroo Island and
the E. cxtrcniity of the Great Australiaa Bight, and northward to Lakc 'lorrcns, /'. Mueller.

5. Ii. parviflorum, Rudge, in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 297, t. 19. A tall
slimb, tUe young branches lioary or rusty-tomentose. Leaves on short pe-
tioles, linear, obtuse, inostly 1|^ to 3 in. long, coriaceous, ghibrous abovc,
white or rusty-tonientose undcrnenth. Cymes shortly pcduncuhite, corymbose
and several-flowered, but much shorter than the leaves. Bracteoles small, the
2 hiteral ones sometimes minute or even wanting. Calyx-segments 1| to 3
lines long, minutely vvliite-tomentose outside, ghibrous inside. Fihiments
vcry short, anthers ovate, truncate. Ovary tomcntose ; style ghibrous. —
J. Gay,in Mem. Mus. Par. vii. 447, t. 19; "DC. Prod. i. 489 ; Steetz, in Pl.
Preiss. ii. 339 ; F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 142.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown, A. Ctmningliam. ; Twofold Bay. F. 3Iueller.

Victoria. Granite banks of watcrcourses towards the eastern frontier, /''. Mtieller.

Var. major. Calyx-scgmeuts 2 to 3 liues loug. Cymes dcnser. To this beloug most of
the southern spccimcns.

Var. (?) occidentale. Leaves smaller, rarely above 1 iu. long. Flowers smalL Bracteoles
very smalL Scarcely, however, to be distinguished froni some of the smaller-flowered Port
Jacksou spccimcns. •

W. Australia, Drummond, ^th Coll. n. 267.

6. L. oppositifolium, F. Muell. Tragm. ii. 5. A difFuse shrub,
with slender, rigid, divaricate branchcs, whitish with a close tomentum.
Leaves mostly opposite, shortly petiolate, huiceolate or oblong-linear, 2 to 4
in. long, sUghtly cordate at the base, glabrous above, minutely tomentose
underneath. Cymes shortly pedunculatc, reflexed, ghm(Kdar-hispid. PloAvers
small. Bracteoles linear, longer than the calyx. Calyx-segmcnts lanceohitc,
2 to 3 Hnes long, hirsute outside, glabrous witliin. Anthers opcning in ter-
minal pores, but at length splitting also hxteraUy, Ovary hirsute ; style gh\-
brous.

■VJT. Australia. Murchisou rivcr, Ohlfield. The specimens have only very impcrfect
withcred llowcrs.

7. L. micranthum, Hooh.f. Fl. Tasrn. i. 51. A sniall shrub, branchcs
tomentosc. l^eavcs petiolate, oblong-Unear, obtusc, 1 to 2 in. long or rarely
morc, the margins revolute, glabrous, or slightly scabrous and wrinkled witli
impressed veins above, dcnscly tomentosc undcrneath. Cymes shortly pe-
dunculate, coiymbose, reHexed. Bracts broadly ovatc, concave, the lateral
dnes small. Calyx-segments lanceolate, aeuminate, about 2 lincs long,
slightly tomentose outside, glabrous within. Filaments short ; anthers trun-
cate, the cells opening laterally to the base morc rcadily than in any other
species. Ovary tomcntose ; style glabrous.

Tasmania. Eastern Ticr, ncar Oyster Bay, aud S.E. of Launceston, Gunn ; near
Svvau Port, C. Stuart.

8. L. macrophyllum, Grah. in Bot. Mng. t. 3908. A tall shrub, thc
brancluis denscly rusty-tomentose. Lcaves pctiolatc, ovate-Ianecolate or lau-
ecohitc, mostly acute, 2 to 4 in. loug, glabrous, or slightly seabrous, and much
wriukled with iuipressed veins above, deusely tomcntose un(k;rneath. Cymes
shortly ])edunculate, corynd)ose, rcflexed, ralher loose, with uumerous smail

Lasiopetdlam.'] xxii. stekculiace.e. 203

tlowcrs. Bractcolcs liiioar, uearly ;>s lonLi,' as tlsccalyx. Calyx-segMncnts very
sprcading or ahnost reticxed, under 2 lines long iii thc wild sjieciuiens, lau-
ceolatc, acuniinate, tomentose outside, glabrous witliin. Kilaments ratlier
long-; authers oblong, tlieir termiual pores liglit-colourcd and very conspi-
cuous. Ovary touieutose, style glabrous.

N. S. 'Wales. Paramatta and Sydney, R. Brown ; Soulliward of the coloiiy, A. Cun-
n'ui(/hain. I liave not seeu Graham's speciuieus, Ijut the fignre (luoted well reprcscuts tliis
plaut, cxccpt that the liovvers are larger than in the specimeus I have secu.

y. Ii. Baueri, Stec4z, m Pl. Preiss. ii. 339. A sluaib of several feet,
the branches hoary or rusty with a closc tomeutum. Lcaves ou short pe-
tioles, liuear or obloug-liuear, obtuse, mostly 1 to 2 iu. loug, the margius re-
volute, coriaceous, glabrous or miuutcly tomeutose above, white or rusty-
tomeutose uuderneath. Flowers few, iu short peduuculate rcflexed racemes,
rarcly brauching into cymes. Bracteoles suudl, oblong or liuear. Calyx-
segmcuts 2^ to 3 lines long, acute, tomentose outside and slightly so inside.
Filameuts very short ; anthers contractcd at the top. Ovaiy tomentose.
Style gUibrous or occasionally beariug a few stellate hairs. — F. Muell. Pl.
Vict. i^ 142.

N. S. Wales. Blue Mountains, Miss Alklnson ; Darling and Murrnmbidgee rivcrs,
F. 3D','ller.

Victoria. Murray scrub and Sandy Dcsert ncar Brighton, but rarc, F. Mueller.

S. Australia. Mcmory Covc, 11. Broivii ; sand ridgcs from the Murray river to St.
Vincenfs Gulf, Kangaroo Islaud, aud Speucer's Gulf, F. Miceller.

This is a very variable plaut, difFicult to define from dried speeimens. Some of the numer-
ous fornis, especially in Mr. Bro\vn's collection, secm to couuect it on the one hand with the
lai-ge-flowered varieties of L. parviflorum, and on the other haud, in some measure, with somc
forms oi L.ferrugineum.

10. Ii. rufum, R. Br. Herh. A slender much-branchcd shrub of l^
to 2 ft., the youug brauchcs minutely tomeutose. Leaves, as in L. parvi-

Jioriim, linear, obtuse, 1 to 1| in. loug, coriaceous, the margius revolute, gla-
brous above, white-tomentose underneath. Flowers solitary or 2 or 3 to-
gether iu very loose simple raceuies, the pedicels 2 to 4 lines loug. Bracts
liucar-subulate, not close to the calyx. Calyx broad, slightly tomentose both
within aud without, the segments broader and less acute than in most Lasio-
pelata, but faiutly several-veined, not 1-uerved as iu Thoiuasia. Petals scale-
like, tilaments short and. anthers coutracted at the top as in L. Baueri, to
which the species is in many respects nearly allied.

N. S. Wales. St. Gcorge's River, R. Brown {Ilerb. R. Br.).

11. Ij. ferrugineum, Sm. iu Aridr. Bot. Bep. t. 208. A tall shrub,
the young branchcs hoary or rusty with a short tomeutura. Leaves on very
short petioles, the longer ones narrow-lanceolate or oblong-liuear, 3 or
4 in. long, the margins slightly recurved, entire siuuate or hastate vvith
short basal lobes, coriaceous, glabrous above, tomentose underueath, the
lower ones ofteu shorter and broader aud sometimes cordate-ovate. Cymes
densc, nearly sessile aud reflexed. Calyx very augular, the segments ovate,
acute, 3 or rarely 4 lines loug, rather thick aud tomentosc iuside as weU as
out. Anthers about as loug as the tilaments. Ovary tomentose ; style gla-
brous, except at thebase. — DC. Prod. i. 489 ; Vcnt. Jard. Malm. t. .59 ; Bot.

264 xxiT. STERCULIACE/E. [Lasiopelabim.

:Maa:. 1. 1 76f5 ; J. Gay, in Mem. Mus. Par. vii. 416, t. 18 ; Steetz, in Pl. Preiss.
ii. 3.37; F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 141.

N. S. TVales. Port Jackson, E. Brown, Sieber, n. 572, and others; Blue Mountains,
A. Cimninrjhum.

Victoria. Granite ridges of the E. extremity near Mount Tmlay, F. Mueller.

Var. cordatum. Leaves sliorter, from cordate-ovate to cordate-lanceolate. Cyines looscr.
— L. Sieberi, Steetz, in Pl. Preiss. ii. 338 ; L. rubiyinosiim, A. Ciiun. iu Field. N. S. Wales,
354; Steelz, l.c. To this variely beiong the Blue JMouutaiii aud Victorian sijecimens ; tlie
sniall-flowered ones described by Stcctz do not otherwise diller from the Jarger-Howcred oiies
gathered by Cuniiingliaui iu the sanie locality.

12. L. acutiflorum, Turcz. in Ball. Mosc. \i'y2, ii. 145. Branches
densely nisty-toineiitose. Leaves petiolate, cordate-laneeolate, obtuse, 1|^ to
2-^ in. long, tomentose above when young, at length ghdjrous, densely tomen-
tose underneath, coriaceous, with impressed veins, the margins recurved.
Cymes pedunculate, little branched or reduced to simple racemes. Bracteoles
linear-filiforui, softly villous. Calyx-segments about 3 lines long, but slightly
united at the base, hmceohite, thick, softly tomentose-villous outside, tomen-
tose inside. Petals thicker than in most species, truncate and ahnost ghand-
like. Filaments very short ; anthers shortly acuminate and opeuing in short
oblique slits as in most Thomadas. Ovary viilous, 5-celled according to
Tiirczaninow, 3-cclied in our specimens ; style glabrous. "

^V. Australia, Drnuimovd, hth Coll. n. 254.

A ar. Oldjieldi. Leaves shorter aiid broader, soraetimcs ovate-cordate. Pctals viUous,
whilst in Drummond's specimeus thcy are oiily slightly so or ghibrous. — L. Oldjieldi, V.
Mucll. Fragm. ii. 6. — Murchison river, Oldjield. ■

\ ar. qninquenerviiim. Leaves ovate-cordate, 1 to 2 iu. loug. Cymes looser. Flowcrs
largcr, the calyx segu;eiits fully 4 lincs long. Pctals inore or less villous. Filnmcuts as
long as thc petajs. — L. qiiinquenerviiim, Turcz. in I5iill ^NIosc. 1S52, ii. 140. — Southcoast ?
Dnunmond. hth Coll. n. 2fiO ; Poiut Hcnry and Doubtful Islaud Bay, Oldjield ; W. xMouut
Barren, Maxicell.

B. CouETHROSTYLis, Endh — Style,so-called sco;;//bm,that is,covered frora

bflnw the middle to the summit or near tlie suinmit with a dense

mass of promiuent horizontal or reflexed stellate hairs, the lower ones

often loiiger and covering the tips ol the closely appressed anthers.

This groiip, pro[)oscd as a genus by Endliclicr, appears to me qiiite artificial. Some

spccies have also a looscr iaflorcscence aud siiigle bracteolcs, but in the tirst two, the ha-

bit, intiorcscciice, aiul 3 bractcoles, are iiuite tliose of the true Lasiopetala.

13. L. Drummondii, /'^/'///^ Branches densely rusty-tomentose. Leaves
petiola^e, ohhmg-lanceohite, obtuse, 1 to 2 in. long, coriaccous, with reciirved
margins, glabrous above wheii fuU-grown, densely and softly tomentose under-
neath, Cynies contracted into dcnse lieads, on short recin*ved peduncles,
soltly phmiose-villous and white as in L. dhcoJor. Bracteoles 3, liiiear-fili-
form, softly villoiis, as loug as the calyx. Calyx-segments lanceolate-linear,
about 4 lines long, softly villous outside, glabrous iuside. Filamcnts very
sliort. Ovary villous ; style scopiform, the tip often glabrous.

TV. Australia, Drurnmond, a siiigle spccimcn.

14. L. rosmarinifolium, Benlli. A inuch-branched shrub, theyoung
shoots hoaiy or rusty, Avith a closc toinentum. I.eaves shortly petiolate,
lincar, obtuse, 1 to 2 in. long, coriaccous, with re\oIute margins, glabrous

'Lasiopetalum.'] xxii, steuculiace^. 265

above when old, tomentose untlerneath. Cymes shortly pedunculate, reflexed,
tew-llowei'ed. Bracteoles 3, linear, short. Calyx-sesments lanceolate, 3 to
4 lines long", tomentose outside, ghibrous within. Anthers abnost acuminate,
with obbque pores. Ovary densely toinentose, occasionally 4-celled ; style
scopiform, the tip ghabrous. — Sarotes rosmarinifoUa, Turcz. in BuU. Mosc.
1S52, ii. U9.

TV. Australia. Swan River, Dnimmond, ^th CoU. n. 266, Boe.

Var. laiifolia. Lcaves shorter and broader, niostly linear-oblong;, 1 to H in. long.
Flowers rather smaller. — Sarotes latifolia, Turcz. in Bull. Mosc. 1852, ii. 150 ; Drum-
moiul, olh Coll. )i. 265.

15. Ii. cordifolium, Endl. in Hueg. Emm. 10. A low, erect shmb,
tlie young brauches hoaiy witli a minute tomentum. Leaves petiolate,
broadly cordate, obtuse or shortly acuminate, rarely above l^ in., and mostly
under 1 in. long, coriaceous, ghabrous above and not wrinkled, toraentose un-
derneath. Cymes shortly peduuculate, but scarcely exceeding the leaves,
rather dense and few-flowered. Bracteoles linear, solitary, or rarely with 1
or 2 lateral small ones. Calyx very angular, the segments about 2 lines long,
ovale-lauceolate or cordate-acuminate, rather thick, tomentose outside. Petals
none. Anthers nearly sessile. Style scopiform. — Corethrodylis cordifolin,
Steetz, in Pl. Preiss. ii. 34-i ; C. microphylla, Turcz. in Bull. Mosc. 1852, ii.
148.

W. Australia. King George's Sound, A. Cunningham and others ; Momit JMelville,
Preiss, n. 1659; south coast? Drummond, hth Coll. n. 259, and Suppl. n. 39,

16. L. Schulzenii, Benth. A shrub of several feet, the branches densely
tomeutose-villous. Leaves petiolate, deeply cordate, broadly ovate or almost
orbicular, obtuse or scarcely acute, mostly l^ to 2 in. long, pubescent or
tomentose above, or at length glabrous, densely but loosely tomentose
underneath, sometimes almost floccose. Cymes loose, many-flowered, but
rarely exceeding the leaves. Bracteoles 1 or 2, linear-filiform, small. Calyx
softly tomentose, the segraents 3 or 4 lines long, rather tlun, glabrous inside,
except on the margins. Petals usually present. Filaments short. Ovary
toinentose. Style scopiform, — Corethrostylis Schulzeni, F. in ]\IuelI. Trans.
PhU. Soc. Vict. i. 36, and PL Vict. i. 145.

Victoria. Cape Nelson, Allitt ; entrance of the Glenelg river, /. E. Woods.
S. Australia. INIeniory Cove, R. Brown ; Mount Benson, near Cape Bernouille and
Gnichen Ray, Schiilzen ; Kangaroo Islaud, Waterhouse.

17. L. floribundum, Benth. Branches slender, more or less toraentose
or hirsute, or rarely ncarly glabrous. Leaves petiolate, broadly ovate-cordate,
ol)tuse, mostly f to 2 in. long, entire or in-egularly sinuate or broadly lobed,
thin, but rigid, glabrous, scabrous, or spriukled with stellate hairs above,
niore or less stellate-hairy or soraetinies tomentose underneath, rarely quite
glabrous. Cyraes slender, often tAvice forked, longer than the leaves, hirsute
or toraentose. Bracteoles solitary or rarely 2, minute and flliforni, insertedou
the slender pedicel above or below the middle. Calyx ton)entose or hirsute
at the base, the segments 2 to 3 bnes long, naiTOW-lauceoIate, acurainate, gla-
brousinside. Petals none. Anthers uearly sessile. Style scopiforra. — Core-
throstylis parvi/orrr, Turcz. in BuII. jMosc. 1847, i. 174 (from the character
given) ; C. oppositifolia, F. Muell. Fragm. ii. 6.

266 XXII. STERCULlACEiE. [Lasiopelatuni.

W. Australia, Drnmmond, n. 28 aud 15G, Oldfield, Maxwell: Darling Range,

Collie ; bctwccu Pcrth anJ King Georgc's Sound, Ilarvey. The uppcr leavcs ai-c ofteu here
and therc opposite, as iu a few other Lasiopetala.

18. L. moUe, Bcnth. Branches hoary or rusty-tomentose. Leaves
petiolate, cordate, from orbicuhn- and very obtuse to ovate-acuminate or
almost laneeolate, but never acute, 1 to 2 in. louii-, or in some specimens
uuder 1 in., entire or sinuate, thick, soft and much-wrinkled, scal)rous-pubes-
cent above, densely tomentose underneath. Cymes little-branched, loose,
and several-flowered, but scarcely exceeding the leaves. Bracteoles solitary,
broadly ovate, membranous and coloured, 3 to 4 lincs long, close to the calyx.
Calyx looscly tomentose-villous, the segments fully 3 lines long, including
theirlongpoints, ghabrousinside. Petals none. Authers nearly sessile. Ovary
tomentose ; style scopiform.

\ir. Australia, Bruinmond, n. 26 and 108.

19. Ij. membranaceuin, Benlh. A low shnib, the young brancbes
hispid with stipitate stelhite hairs, and slightly tomentose. Leaves petioiate,
deeply cordate, ovate or orbicuhir, obtuse, 1 to 2 in. long, rigidly membra-
uous, much wriukled, grcen on both sides, and more or less sprinkled with
rigid stellate hairs. Cymes forked, pedunculate, usually longer than the
leaves, hirsute and apparently viscid. Bracteoles solitary, ovate, acuminate,
membranous aud colom'ed, inserted below the middle or near the base of the
pedicel. Calyx tomentose-villous outside, the segments ovate-hmceoLitf;, less
acuminate than in L. bracteatum, to which this species is closely allied, ililFer-
ing chiefly in the indumentuin. — Cordhrodyli^ meinbranacea, Steud. in Pl.
Preiss. i. 236 ; Steetz, 1. c. ii. 343.

V^. Australia, Drutnmond, n. 155, Oldfield ; sandy woods, Poit Lesehcnault, Preiss,
n. 1056.

20. Ii. bracteatum, Benth. A shnib of 2 ft. or more, the branclies
tomentose and iiirsute with long brown stelhite hairs. Leaves broadly ovate-
cordate, usually rather acute, 1 to 2 in. long, entire or the raargins slightly
crisped, thinly coriaccous, scabrous or glabrous, and not wriukled above, to-
mentose and sometimes hii-sute underneath. Cymes forked, many-flowered,
longer than the leaves, hirsute. Bracteoles solitary, ovate, membranous and
coloured, inserted below the niiddlc or near the base of tlie slender pedicels.
Calyx hirsute outside at the basc, the segments about 4 lines long, with long
fine points, glabrous wdthin, dark coloured and somewhat thickenetl at the
base, less deeply sej^arated in this and the hist species than in most others of
the genus. Petals usually none. Anthers nearly sessile. Ovary tomentose ;
stvle scopiform. — Corethrostytis bracteata, Eudl. Nov. Stirp. Dec. 1 ; Steetz,
in Pl. Preiss. ii. 343 ; Bot. Eeg. 1844, t. 47 ; C. coriacea, Steud. in Pl.
Preiss. i. 236.

^tr. Australia. Swan 'RxvtY, ITuer/el, Bnmmond, \st Coll. and 2nd Coll. n. 65;
Preiss, n. 1 037.

19. LYSIOSEPALUM, F. Muell.

Sepals 5, petal-like, quite frce, valvate in the bud, and then enclosed in the
thick valvate bractcoles. Petals 5, minute and scale-like. Stamens 5, free.

Li/siosepalum.] xxii. stekculiace^e. 267

opposite the petals, without intervening staminodia. Anthers opening at the top
in pores or short slits, sometimes extending at length down the sides. Ovary
3-celled, with several ovides in each cell ; style simple, glabrous. Capsule
shorter than the calyx, openiug loculicidally in 3 valves, tomentose. Seeds
(not seen ripe) like "those of Thoi/iasia. — Shrubs, with ncarly the habit of
Thomasia anijustifulia and its allies. Stipides very small and cordate or none.

The genus is limited to Australia, and remaikable for tlie calyx-like bracts aud petal-like
sepals.

Leaves ahnost or quite sessile. Braeteoles ovate 1. Z. Barri/amim.

Leaves distiuctly petiolate. Bracteoles oblong or lauceolate .... 2. i. riigosum.

1. L. Barryanum, T. Mnell. Fragm. i. 143. A small shrub, densely
clothed with a short soft velvety tomentum. Leaves sessile or nearly so, ob-
long-liuear, obtuse, mostly ^ to f in. long, the margins much revolute,
wriukled and tomentose. Stipules very small and cordate or none. Eacemes
loose, few-flowered, much longer than the leavcs. Eracteoles ovate, 2 to 3
lines long, thick and densely tomentose, completely enclosing the bud, like a
valvate 3-sepaled outer calyx. Sepals oblong-lanceolate, 3 or 4 lines long,
coloured and petal-like. Anthers acuminate, nearly sessile. Ovary covered
with closely-packed oblong scales, with 8 to 10 ovules iueach cell. — Thomasia
involucrata, Turcz. in BuU. Mosc. 1852, ii. 143.

VT. Australia. Swau River, Brummond, 5M Coll. n. 255; in the iuterior, Soe:
riats of Phillips River, Maxwell. lu these specimens the flowers are smaller thau in
Drummond's.

3. L. rugosum, Benth. A small shrub, closelyallied to L. Barryanum,
and much resenibling in habit, foliage, and indumentum, Thomasia angusti-
folia. Brauches hoary-tomeutose. Leaves shortly, but distinctly petiolate,
narrow-lanceolate, obtuse, i to 1 in. long, much wrinkled, the margins revo-
lute, slightly hoary above, more densely tomentose underneath. Stipules very
small. Raccmes slender, several-flowered. Invokicre at first ovoid, but
lengthening much before the flower expands, the bracteoles at length lanceo-
late, 4 lines long, thick and tomentose as in L. Barryanum. Sepals petal-
like, about as long as the bracteoles, broadly oblong. Filaments very short ;
anthers shortly acuminate. Ovary covered with a close scaly tomentum,
with several ovules in each cell.
Vr. Australia. Svvan River, Brinnmond.

Order XXIII. TILIACE^.

Plowers regidar, hermaphrodite or rarely unisexual. Sepals 5, rarely 3 or
4, free or more or less cohering, usually valvate. Petals as many or fewer or
none, alternate with the sepals, inserted round the base of the torus.
Stamens indefiuite, rarely reduced to very few, inserted on the tonis, whieh is
often raised or disk-like. Filaments free or sHghtly united at the base.
Anthers 2-celled, with parallel or rarely divaricate cells, opening iu longitu-
dinal slits or in terminal pores. Ovary free, sessile, 2- or more celled. Style
simple and entire, or divided at tlie top into as many stigmatic teeth or lobes
as there are cells. Ovides 1, 2, or more in each cell, ercct, pendidous, or

268 xxiir. TiLiACE^.

horizontal. Fruit capsul.iv or indeliiscent, with single- or several-seeded cells,
where several-seeded the cells often subdivided by spurious vertical or trans-
verse partitions. Seeds without any arillus, the testa usually coriaceous or
crusta(.'eous. vVlbumen fleshy, rarely deficieut. Enibiyo straight or rarely
curved or slightly folded. Cotyledons leafy or rarely fleshy, the radicle next
to the hihim, nsually shorter than the cotyledons. — Trees, shrubs, or rarely
herbs. Leaves alternate or very rarely opposite, simple, with pinnate or pal-
mate nerves, entire, toothed, or rarely lobed. Stipules usually free, and small
or deciduous. Fiowers axillary, terminal or leaf-opposed, usiially iu little
cymes, often almost umbellate, either solitary and sessile or peduncuhxte, or
arranged in panicles.

A large Order, chicfly tropical or subtropical, sprcad over both the New aiid the Old
World, with one extratropical genus {Tilia) in thc northern aud another {Anstotelia) iu the
sonthern hemisphere. The Australian geuera are uone of them endemic, the extratropical
Aristotelia is common to Chili and New Zealand. The others are all tropical aud Asiatic,
Greicia extendiug into Africa and CorcJiorus also partially iuto America, whiist Triumfetta
belongs equally to the New and the Old VVorld.

Anthers short, with conflueut cells. Calyx irregularly 3- to 5-lobed.

Petals entire. Capsnle loculicidal, each valve 2-winged . . . . 1. Beurya.
Authers short, with 2 parallel distinct cells openiug longitudinally.

Sepals distinct. Pctals entire.
Drupe indehisceut, uot echinate, entire or 2-lobed. Petals uarrow,

short, with a foveokte base. Trecs or shrubs 2. Ghkwia.

Fruit globular, echiuate, iudehiscent, or separatiug iuto 1-seeded

cocci. Petals uarrow, with a foveolate or pubescent base.

Shrubs or herbs 3. TitiUMFtTTA.

Capsule 2-to 5-celled, with several seeds in each, opeuing in valves,

usually long aud smooth, rarcly short and echinate. Petals

usually obovate or broad, without a foveola. Shrubs or herbs . 4. Corchorus.
Authers elongated, openiug in teruiinal valves or pores. Scpals dis-

tiuct. Petals (except iu oue species) lobed or fringed.
Sepals 4, iiubricate iu 2 series. Capside echinate, 4-valved . . 5. Echinocarpus.

Sepals 4 or 5, valvate. Fruit a berry 6. Aristotelia.

Sepals 4 or 5, valvate. Fruit a drupe 7. El.eocarpus.

1. BERRYA, Roxb.

Calyx campanidate, irreguhirly 3- to 5-lobed. Petals 5, without any
foveola at the base. Stainens nuinerous, free, without staminodia ; anthers
subglobose, the cells at length contiuent into one. Torus not raised. Ovary
(2- ? or) 3-celled, with 4 ovules in each cell ; style subulate (2- ? or) 3-lobed
(or the styles distinct ?). Capsule nearly globular, opening loculicidally in
2 or 3 valves, each valve bcaring 2 vertical, divergiiig, coriaceous wings.
Seeds 1 or 2 in each cell, densely covered with rigid hairs ; albnmen fleshy ;
cotyledons leafy, flat. — Trees. Leaves entire, 5- or 7-nerved. Flowers
small, white, the nmbel-like cyracs arranged in a terminal panicle.

The gcnus cousists of a single species, common to tropical Australia and Asia.

1. B. Ammonilla, Roxh. Pl. Corom. iii. fiO, t. 264, var. rotHndifoVm.
A small trce, thc young branches slightly tomentose. Leaves cordate-orbi-
cnlar, very obtuse, 3 or 4 iu. diameter, rigidly membranous, glabrous whcn
fuU-grown. Flowers of the Australian variety unknown, except from some

Benya.'] xxiii. tiliace.*;. 269

frag-iiients rcmaining abont the fruits seen by R. Brown, in vvliicli lie ascer-
tained that the calyx was lobed and the stamens numerous. Capsule (always?)
2-celled, the wings broadly obovate, about i in. long, sinuate-crenate on the
margin. Seeds 1 or 2 in each cell.

Queensland. Cuinberlaud Tslands, R. Brown {Hb. R. Br). The shape of the fruit
aiul its wiugs aud the seeds are the sanie as iu the Asiatic B. AmmonUla, Roxb., DC. Prod.
i. .517, Wight, 111. t. 34 ; but as that species has acuminate leaves and a 3-celled capsule,
I had at tirst thought that this oue niiglit be distinct. I find, however, some Ceylon spe-
cimens with the same rounded leaves, and the Australian specimens are uot sufficient
to show whether the reduced number of carpels is more thaa accidental.

2. GREWIA, Linn.

Sepals 5, distinct. Petals 5, with a foveola or thickened cavity at the
base, usually shorter than the calyx, inserted round the base of the torus.
Staraens indefmite, inserted on the raised torus. Ovary 2- to 4-celled,
vvith 2 or more ovules in each celi ; style subulate, minutely toothed or lobed.
Driipe containing 1 to 4 pyrenes or nuts, entire or 2- or 4-lobed, the nuts
either 1-seeded or 2- or more seeded, and then divided by transverse parti-
tions betvveen the seeds. Seeds ascending or horizontal, the albumen usnally
copious, the cotyledons flat. — Trees or shrubs, the hairs or tomeutum stellate.
Leaves entire or serrate, 3- to 7-nerved. Stipules narrow, deciduous.
riowers usually yellow^ the umbel-like cymes axillary or terminal. In the
Australian species (except G. brevijlora) the ovary is 2-celled, but each cell is
subdivided by a vertical, nearly complete partition, so as to appear 4-celled,
vvith two or rarely more superposed ovules in each half-cell, each half-cell
forming in the fruit a separate nut, with 1 or rarely more superposed seeds in
each.

The genus is a large one, widely spread over the tropical and subtropical rcgions of the
Old World. Of the Australian species, 3 exteud over tropical Asia, the remainiug 5 are
enderaic.

Leaves glabrous or nearly so, 3-nerved at the base. Flowers herma-
phrodite.
Sepals 7 to 9 lines. Petals small, the foveola very large. Torus
elougated. Fruit depressed-globose, not lobcd, i in. diametcr or

more V. G. orientaUs.

Sepals about 4 lines. Petals very smali, the foveola large. Torus

short. Fruit sinall, 2-iol)ed (uuiess reduced to one carpel) . . 2. G. multijlora.
Sepals about 2 liues. Petals more than half as long, the foveola

very small. Torus short. Fruit small, entire 3. <7. Irevifiora.

Leaves softly velvety-tomentose uudenicath, 3 or 5-nerved. Flowers

hermapbrodite. Petals small, Ibveola large 4. ft latifolia.

Leaves white-tomentose uuderncath or scabrous, 3- or 5-uerved.
Flowers poiygamo-dioecious.
Lcaves obovatc-oblong to lauccolate. Foveolate base of the pctals

broader thau Ihc lauiiua 5.6''. polygama.

Leaves ovate or orbicular. Foveolate base of the petals small.
Leavcs ovate-conlate, acuininate, often 3 to 4 in. Stamiuodia

in the female flowers numerous, clavate, without anthers . . G. C .ranthopeiala.
I,eaves small, ovatc-obtuse. Stanuns iu the fLiniile flowers 1 or

2 apparcutly perfect, without staminodia. Buds not striate . 7. G. scabrella.
Leaves sinall, orbicular, very scabrous. Buds striate. (Female

flowers unkuown.) %. G. orbifolia.

270 XXIII. TILIACE^. [Grewia.

1. G. orientalis, Lhm.; W. and Arn. Prod. 7fi. A tall, ratlior weak
slivub, glabrous, oxccpt a mimite toinentum on tlic yount^ &lioots, or sparini^ly
sprinklcd on tlie uiulor side of tlic leavcs aud more abuudaut ou tlie intloi'es-
cence. Leaves shortly pctiolate, from oval-oblong to oblong-lauceolate, acu-
minate, 3 to 4 in. loug, minutely crcnulate, 3-norved at tlie base. Peduucles
1- or 2-tlowered, axillary or the upper ones forming a short terminal panicle.
Sepals rusty-tomentose, 7 to 9 liues loug. Petals not half so long, the foveo-
late base broader than and abnost as long as the lamina, pubescent rouud the
edge. Torus elougated. Stameus vory numerous. Drupe depressed-globu-
lar, -g- to f in. diametcr, tiat-toppcd, sliglitly furrowed but not lobed, minutely
tomentosc with a few short straight hairs iiitermixed, coiitaining usually 4 nuts,
each with 2 or 3 horizoutal,superposcd seeds, separated by transverse partitions.

KT. Australia. Vau Dicnieti's Gulf, A. Cunningham ; islantls of the Gulf of Carpen-
tarin, R. Broirii.

Queensland. N.E. coast, Banks and Solander ; Northuniberiand Islands, R. Brown.

The specics is not uncoiniuon in Ceylou aad a part of the Indian peuinsula.

Var. UififoJia. Lcaves ovate-cordate, crenate, fruit jnore denscly puhescent. Port
Denison, FitzaJua.

2. G. multiflora, Jim. in Ann. Miis. Par. iv. 89, t. 47,/. 1. A shmb or
tree, with rather sleuder branches, glabrous or s))rinkled with a few apprcssed
simple or stellate liairs. Leaves frora ovate-acuminate to elliptical-ol3long or
almost lanccolate, 8 or 4 in. long or soraetiraes more, serrate, 3-nerved at the
base. Peduucles axillary, usually 2 or three together, 2- to 5-liowcrcd.
Sepals lanceolate, about 4 lines loug, rainutely toraentose. Petals very short,
the broad fovoolate base villous rouud the edge, not longer than the short
loras, the lamiua still smaller. Stamens numerous. Ovary hirsute, with 2
superposed ovules iu each half-cell. Drupe small, sprinkled with a few rigid
hairs, deeply 2-lobed or entire by the abortion of one carpel, \vith 2 nuts in
each carpol, cach containing a single sced. — DC. Prod. i. 508,

N. Australia. Port Essinston, Armslrong.

Queensland. Pcrcy Islands, A. Cnninngham.

The spccics was origiually dcscribcd from Philippine Island spcciincns ; our Australian
oucs agrce wcU with Jassicu's figiire, as well as with Cuining's spccimcus, n. 461, 701, and
1.515. Tlie coinniou East Indian G. scpiaria, Roxb., as well as G. frnnifolia, A. Gray,
Bot. Amer. Expl. Exp. i. 77, said to bc a coinniou shrub ou the lecward coast of thc Eiji
Islands, appear frora our spcciinens to be thc sanie spccies, which we have also froiii Java
and Singapore, although not included in Miquers Flora. It is, however, frcqiieutly con-
foundcd witli G. Itpvigata, Valil, which diilcrs iu longcr flowers, a more raised torus, and
several other poiiits.

3. G. breviflora, Benth. A large spreading shrub or small tree, the
young shoots slightly tomeutose, otherwise nearly glabrous. Lcaves petiolate,
obUc[ucly ovate, acuminate, 2 to 4 in. long, glabrous or slightly scabrous.
Peduncles usually 3 or 4 together, 3- to 5-llowored, unequal in icngth, but
varoly excceding the petiolcs. Scpals elliptical-obloug, more obtuse tlian in
any other specios, not cxceediug 2 lines, rathor thick, tomentose outside.
Petals more than half as long, with a very small foveolate base. Stamens
numerous. Ovary hirsute, 2-collcd, with 2 superposed ovulcs iu each half-ccll.
Drupe deprossed-globular, quite entire, about 3 liues diamcter, glabrous or
slightly hairy, broad and flat-toppcd, tlic hard almost woody (mdocarp scarccly

Grewia.] xxiii. tiliace.t,. 271

separating into 2 iiuts, each oiie containing when perfcct 2 superposcd pairs of
seeds placcd singly in separate coinpartinents, but often fewer by abortion.

N. Australia. Cygnct Bay, A. Cunningham ; N.W. coast, Bi/noe ; islauJs of the
Bay of Carpentaria, R. Brown.

4. G. latifolia, F. Mnell. Herb. A shrub or tree, the branches stellate-
tomentose. Leaves petiolate, broadly cordate, ovate, 3 or 4 in. long, ivregu-
hn-ly serrate, scabrous-pubescent above and wrinkled, softly tonientose or hir-
sute underneath. Peduncles 2 ov 3 together, 2- to .5-tlowered, of unequal
length, but scarcely exceeding the petioles. Sepals softly villous, 4 to 5 lines
long, acute. Petals about one-third as long, the bvoad foveolate base as long
as the small lamina. Torus considevably elevated. Staniens numevous.
Ovavy hivsute, 2-celled, with 2 supevposed ovules in eacli half-cell. Fvuit
depressed-globular, 5 or 6 lines diameter, hirsute when young, at lengtli
shining and nearly glabrous, 2-lobed, each lobe containing 2 1-seeded nuts
and slightly fim-owed between them. — G. liichardiana, Hook. in Mitch.
Trop. Austr. 383 ; not Walp.

Queensland. Islands off the N. coast, R. Brown ; Bustard Bay, Banks ; Brisbane
river, Fraser, F. MueUer ; Morcton Island and Peak Downs, F. Mueller ; St George's
Bridge ou the Balonne, Mitchell.

The foliage is nearly that of G. asiafica, Linn., with the fruit of G. 'pohjyama, Roxb., and
the flovvers differeut from both. In soine flovvers, I liave seen the style divided some vvay
below the dilated fringed stigmas.

5. G. polygama, Roxh. Fl. Ind. ii. 588. Anevect shvub, the branches

tomentose ov softly hivsute. Leaves almost sessile, fvom obovate-oblong to
oblong-elliptical ov abnost lanceolate, 2 to 3 in. long, sevrate, wvinkled and
softly pubescent or scavcely scabvous above, velvety-tomentose undevneath.
Plowevs dioecious, 3 ov 4 togethev on vevy shovt peduncles. Sepals about 4
lines long, silky-tomentose outside. Petals about one-third as long, the oblong
lamina twice as long as the brond foveohxte base. INIale ti. : Stamens about
20, on the very hirsute torus, with a vevy vudimentavy pistil ov none at all.
Female tl. : Stamens vevy shovt, with small anthevs. Ovavy vevy hirsute,
with 2 superposed ovnles in each half-cell. Style short, with broad, spread-
ing, fringed stigmatic lobes. Drupe depressed-globiUar, .5 or 6 lines dia-
meter, hirsute when young, at length smooth and shining, 2-lobed, eacli lobc
containing 2 1-seeded nuts and slightly furrowed between thera.

N. Australia. Victoria and Fitzmaurice rivers and Arnhem's Land, F. Mueller ;
Goulburu Ishind, A. Cunnincjham ; islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown ; Svvears
Islaiid, llenne.

Queensland. Cape York aud Port Molle, M' Gillivraij ; Bay of Tnlets, Banks ;
Kcppel Bay, R. Broion ; Percy Ishiuds, A. Cunningham ; Roci<hamptou, F. Mueller ; Port
Denison, Filzalan.

The s])ecics spreads over a great part of East ludia.

6. G. xanthopetala, F. Muell. Ilerh. Young bvanches tomentose-
hivsute. Leaves shovtly petiolate, bvoadly ovate-covdate, acuminate, the
lavgev ones 3 ov 4 in. long, servate, minutely pubesceut above, tomcntose un-
derneath or at length ncarly glabrous, 5-nerved at the base or rarely 3-nerved.
Stipules vather bvoadev tlian in the othev species. Flowers diceeious, in ses-
sile, several-flowercd clustevs, the males not seen. Female fl. : Sepals 2 to 3
lines lou"-, obtnse, softlv villous outside. Petals about half as long, some-

272 xxill. TILIACE.E. IGreicia.

times notchod at the top, the foveohi at the base small. Torus short. Sta-
muiodia vei'y numerous, scarcely exceeding tlie ovary, chivate, without anthers.
Uvai-y villous, wilh 3 superposed ovules iu each half-eell. Style short, with
broad, spreadiuj^, fringed, stiginatic lobes. Fruit (ouly seen youug) small,
depresscd-globular, with 2 1-seeded nuts,

N. Australia. Sandstone rocks, Upper Vicloria river, F. Mueller.

7. G. scabrella, Benth. A shrub with the habit of G. orbifoUa, but
tlie tomentum rather more sparing. Leaves broadly ovate, i)ut not so rounded
as in that species nor cpiite so rigid, 1 to ^ iu. loug. Flowers in snudl ses-
sile clusters, apparently dicecious, the males not seen. Female tl.: Sepals
softly touientose, 2 to 2\ lines long, the buds not striate, as in G. orbifolia.
Petals nearly as long as the sepals, glabrous, vvith a small foveola a"t the base,
less distinct than in most species. Stamens 1 or sometimes 2 or 3, appa-
rently perfeet, without staminodia. Ovary oblong, viLlous, with 2 superposed
ovules iu each half-cell. Style very short, with broad, fringed, spreading,
stigiuatic lobes.

Queensland. Mackenzic and Dawson rivers, F. Mueller.

8. G. orbifolia, F. Muell. Herb. A much-branclied shrub, the ycung
shoots toinentose. Leaves petiobte, nearly orbicular or broadly obovate, very
obtuse, irregularly serndate, f to \\ in. diameter, 3- or 5-nerved at the base,
seabrous-tomentose on both sides. Flowers dioecious, in small sessile chis-
ters. Male fl. : Sepals 2 to 2\ liues long, tomentose, tlie buds striate.
Petals fully f as long, pubescent outside, the foveola of the base not l)roader
than the hnnina. Stamens rather short, inserted on the hirsute torusround the
small very rudimentai-y pistil. Female flower and fruit not seen.

W. Australia. Sandstoue rocks of the Upper V' ictoria river, F. Mueller.

3. TRIUMFETTA, Linn.

Sepals 5, distinct, usually concave, or with a dorsal poiut or appendage at
the top. Petals 5, thickeued and globular, or foveohite at the base, inserlcd
rouud the base of the torus, rarely wanting. Stamens indefinite, or rarely
reduced to 5 or 10, free, iuserted ou tlie raised torus ; anther-cells openiug
longitudinally. Ovary 2-to 5-celled, with 2 colhitcral ovules ineacli cell ; style
filiform, stigma miuutely 2- to 5-toothed. Fruit globuhir or nearly so, echi-
uate or bristly, iudeliisceut or (in species not AustraHan) separating into
cocci. Seeds in each coccus or cell solitary, or, if 2, separatcd by vertical
dissepiments, pendulous, albuuiinous; embryo straight ; cotyledons flat,
leafy. — llerbs, undershrubs, or shrubs, witli the hairs or tomentum stellate.
Leaves serrate, eutire, or 3- or 5-lobed. Flowers yellow, in little peduncidate
or almost sessile cyraes or cUistcrs, either leaf-opposed or lateral, rarely strictly
axillary. Petals usually narrow and not exccediug the calyx, especially in
the Ohl World species.

A coiisiderable geuus, widely spread over the tropioal regions of both the New and Ihe
Old World. Of the Australian spccies, ouc, a maritiuie plant, exteuds to several of the South
Paeilic islands, the others are all cndeniie.

Triumfetta .'] xxiii. TiLiACEiE. 273

Ovary 3- to .5-celled. Fruit 3- to 8-celled, with 1 sced iii each cell.
Leaves round-cordate, entire or lobed. Fruit rather large, vvith
two cells and seeds to each carpel.
Stems prostrate. Leavcs mostly lohed. Sepals 4 to 5 liues

with minute pointed appendages 1. T. jirocuwhenK.

Shrub deusely wooUy-tomentose. Leavcs undivided. Sepals

above \ in. vvith leafy toothed appeudages 2. T. appmdicnlaia.

Leaves ovate to lanceolate. Fruit small, with as many ceils and
seeds as carpels. Erect tomeutose shrubs.
Broader leaves obovate-rhomboid. Caly.x appendages ovate-

peltate. (Fruit unknowu.) Z. T. glaucescens.

Broader leaves cordate-lanccolate. Calyx appendages sraal!,
obtuse. Fruit depressed-globular, 5-celled, nearly gla-

brous 4. y. denticidata.

Broader leaves obovate-cordate. Calyx appendages small,

acute. Fruit ovoid-globular, 4-celled, very tomentose . . 5. Z micracantha.
Ovary 2-celled. Fruit 1-seeded.

Fruit covered vvith long soft plumose setse 6. T. plumigera.

Fruit very small, scarcely pubesceut, shortly echinate . . . ^]. T. parvijiora.
A. Cunniiiyliam^s herbarium contains also spccimens from the N.W. coast of two other
species apparently either of Triumfetta or Greivia, but too imperfect to determine.

1. T. procumbens, Fnrst. ; DC. Prod. i. 508. Stems procumbent or
prostrate and rooting at the joints, often attaining several feet, tlie branclies
shortly ascending, toraentose. Leaves petiolate, broadly ovate-cordate or or-
bicidar, obtnse, 1 to 2 in. long, entire, crenate, or more or less deeply divided
into 3 or 5 lobes, neai"ly glabrous above, more tomentose underneath. Pe-
duncles short, few-flowered. Sepals 4 or 5 lines long, with sniall polnted
appendages. Ovary hirsute and papUlose, 3- or 4-ceIled, each cell again
divided into 2. Fruit globular, about \ in. diamcter, glabrous or villous,
covered with hard conical pricklcs ; endocarp hard, divided into 6 or 8 one-
seededcells. — Guillem. in Ann. Sc. Nat. 1'ar. ser. 2, vii. 365 ; Hook and Arn.
Bot. Beech. 60.

Queensland. Maritime sands, Northumberland Islands, R. Brotvn ; Fitzroy Island, A.
Cminingham ; Fraiikland Islands, M'GiJlivrai/ ; Howick Islands, F. Mueller.

The sj)ecies is found in several islauds of the Eastern Archi])elago, and the Pacific, where
the leaves are usually entire or not very deeply 3-lobed ; Cunningham's specimens agree
very well vvith these, in all the others (generally far advanced) the leaves are deeply 3- or
5-lobcd, with glabrous fruits.

2. T. appendiculata, F. Mnell. FrcKjm. iii. 7. Shrubby, the whole
plant densely tomentose-villous, or almost woolly. Leaves petiolate, broadly
ovate-cordate, obtuse, 2 to 4 in. long, crenate, and sometimes siiuiate-Iobed,
very soft and thick. Peduncles mostly 3-flowered. Sepals above \ in. long,
woolly-tomeutose, the dorsal appendages leafy and toothed, spreading, and
forming on the bud a kind. of cup. Ovary hirsute, 3-celIed. Capsule glo-
bular, hard, indehiscent, very villous, about as large as in T. procmnljeiis, but
the prickles not so rigid, and sonietimes wearing off ; endocarp hard, divided
into 6 one-seeded cells.

N. Australia. Nichol Bay, N.W. coast, F. Gregory ; islands of tlie Gulf of Carpcn-
taria, R. Broicn.

3. T. glaucescens, R. Br. Ilerb. Shrubl^y, with tomcntose branchcs.
Leaves pctiolate, from obovate-rhoraboid to lauceolatc, acute, or souiewhat

VOL. I. T

274. XXllI. TILlACE.E. [TrinmfeUa.

obtiise, 1 ^ to 2 in. long, serraUi-crenate, ratlier thiok, ronghly toinentose-
pubescent above, hoary-tomentose uiulerneatli. Pedunclcs very sliort, few-
fiowered. Sepals about 3 lines long, tonientosc, tlie dorsal appendages
broadly ovate-peltate, thiclc and glantl-like, fbrming a radiating disk on the
thiek truucate ])uds. Ovary 3-cellcd. Fruit not seen.

N. Australia. Islauds of thc Giilf of Carpeutaria, R. Brown. {llb. R. Br.)

4. T, denticulata, li. Br. Ilerb. An ercct, much-branched slwnb, of
2 or 3 ft., the branches tomentose-villous. Leaves petiolatc, froni ovate-cor-
date to lanceolate, acute, \\ to 3 in. long, slightly serrate-crenate, scabrons-
pubeseent above, tomentose underneath. Peduncles very short, several-
flowered. Scpals al)out 3 lines long, pubescent, the small ghibrons dorsal
appendages obovate or cuneate, and quite distinct round the top of the trun-
cate buds. Fruit de|)ressed-globular, about 2 lines diameter, und)ilicate,
glabrous or nearly so, tuberculate or muricate with minute fine prickles, 5-
celled, with 1 ovulc in each cell.

N. Aiistralia. Caveru Island aud Groote Eylaud iu the Gulf of Carpentana, R. Brown.
{II b. R. Br.)

5. T. micracantha, F. MneU. Fragm. iii. 7. Shrubby, erect, the
branches closely tomentose or almost villons. Leaves petiolate, from broadly
obovate-corchite to narrowrhoml)oid-oblong, or thc upper ones lanccolate, the
larger ones 2 to 3 in. long, serrate, with the lower teeth glandular, soft and
thick with a close whitish tomentuin or villous-tomentose on both sides.
1'edimclcs about as long as the petioles, with about 4 pcdiccllate flowers.
Scpals about 3 lines long, the dorsal appendage small and pointed. Petals
none (in the buds I have opened). Pruit ovoid-globose, scarcely abovc 3
lines long, densely tomentose, the small pricklcs often scarccly excceding the
wool ; endoearp hard, 4-celled, with oue seed in eaeh cell.

N. Australia. Victoria river, Hooker's and Sturt's creeks and Abel Tasniau river, F.
Mueller. Thrre are tvvo foruis, dilferiug iu thc tonientum either close and whitish or dcuse
and alniost woolly. The spccics niuch rcscnibles in aspect the couinion Africau T. yhmdu-
losa, }<'orsk. {T. Vahlli, Poir., 2\ glandulosa, Lam., and 2\ velutina, Vahl), which howevcr has
separable coeci.

6. T. plnmigera, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 69. Shrubby, with erect neai*ly
simple branehes, closcly or loosely tomentose. Leaves from euneate-oblong
to lanceolate, 1 to 2 in. long, rather thick, and either closcly whitish tomen-
tose or ronghly tomentosc-villous on both sidcs. Cymes or clusters several-
flowered, nearly scssile, or the lower ones pedunculate. Sepals scarcely above,
2 lincs long, the dorsal appendages smnll and pointed. Stamens rather nu-
incrous. Ovary 2-cellc(l. Pruit 1-seeded (or somclimcs 2-seeded ?), small,
biit covercd with long soft plumosc-villous setre, whieh often attain 4 liues
when the fruit is ripe.

N. Australia. Montagnc Soiuid, A. Cunyiinyham ; N.AV. coast, Bi/noe ; Depot Creek,
sourccs of thc Victoria river, F. Maeller. Thc species is ncarly ailied to the S. African
T. trirhocurpa, Soud., which has howevcr larger tlowcrs, aud thc sctae of the fruit n)ore tlian
i in. long.

7. T. parviflora, Benth. An erect, rigid herb, the branehes stellate-
pubcscent. Leaves shortly petiolate, narrow-oblong, obtuse, 1 to l^ in. long,

Triumfetta.'] xxiii. TiLiACEiE. 275

creuate, wrinkled and ronglily pnbesccnt above, tomentose underneath.
Flowers minnte, in ncarly sessile clnsters. Sepals scarcely more than 1 line
long, with a small dorsal point. Petals rather shorter. Stamens very few
(5 according to Brown's notcs). Ovary hispid, stigma 2-lobed. Fruit glo-
buha*, l-seeded, abont 1 line dianieter, sliortly echinate and slightly pubescent.
N. Australia. Islauds of the Gulf of Carpeutaiia, R. Brown. {Ilb. R. Br.)

4. CORCHORUS, Linn.

Sepals 5, rarely 4. Petals as many, withont any cavity at the base. Sta-
mens indefinite, rarely few, inserted on a torus scarcely raised, but occasionally
expanded in a disk ronnd their base ; anther-cells opening longitudinally.
Ovary 2- to 5-celled, with scveral ovules in each cell; style short, simple.
Capsule either long without prickles, or short or globnlar aud more or less
warted, muricate or ecliinate, opening loculicidally in 2 to 5 valves, with
several seeds in each cell, i'arely separated by transverse partitions. Seeds
pendulous or liorizontal, albuminons ; embryo nsually curved, with leafy coty-
ledons. — Herbs, undershrubs, or shrubs, with simple or stellate hnirs. Leaves
serrate. Peduncles very sliort, hiteral or leaf-opposed, bearing 1 or several
flowers. Bracts small. Plowers usually small, yellow.

A considerable genus, of which a few species appear to be litnited to tro])ical America or
to Austraha, the remaiuder generaily dispersed over various tropical regions iu the Old as
well as the New AVorld. Of the 13 Australian species 9 are endemic, Ihe remaiuing 4 are
common weeds in tropical Asia aud Africa. The fruit iu this geuus is ofteu indispeusable
for determiuing the species.

Annuah (or biemuah), glabrous or loosely pubescent.
Capsule globular or ovoid, very obtuse.

Capsule echinate, 3- or 4-celled \. C. echinatus.

Capsule slightly warted, 2- or 3-celled 2. C. hi/grophilus.

Capsule (i to f in. long) rather thick, angular or winged.

Capsule acute or acumiuate, augular but uot winged. Stamens

numerous 3. C Cunninghamii.

Capsule 3-winged, truncate at the top, with 3 diverging

points. Stamcus under 20. Flowers very small . . . 6. C. acidangulus.
Capsule liuear, not wiuged.

Capsule f to 2 in. Lower pair of serratures of the leaves
ending in fiiie setae. Stamens numerous.
Capsule 5-cellcd, the transverse partitions conspicuous . . 4. C. olitorius.
Capsule 3- or 4-celled, without transverse partitions . . 5. C. tridens.
Capsule under 4 in., 2- or 3-celled. Lcavcs without setfc.
Flowers very small. Stamens few. Fubesceut plants.
Capsule 3-celled, erect or sprcading, Stootiicd at thc top . 7. C.fasrirularis.
Capsule 2-celled, reflexed, very hirsute, rather acute . . . 8. C. jiumilio.
Vndershrubs or shrubs more or less tomentose or hirsute.

Fruiting pedicels reeurved. Capsule linear. curved or twisted,
niore or less torulosc, 2- or 3-celled.
Low diffuse shrubs or uudershrubs. Capsulc few-seeded
Sepals under 2 lines. Stamens about 10. Capsule 3 or

4 lines long, very hispid, slightly ciirved 8. C. puniilio.

Sepals uuder 2 liues. Staniens abont 20. Capsulc elon-

gated, much twisted, toridose, glabruus 9. C. renuicularis.

Sepals 3 to 4 lines. Stamens numerous. Capsule tomeu-

tose, slender btit uot twistcd \Q. C. tomentellus.

276 XXIII. TiLiACEiE. [Corchorus.

Erect slirubs. Capsulc tomentose, clongated, many-sccdcd.
Tomentuni scabrous or almost villous. Sepals 2 or 3 liues.

Petals narrow ... ... 11. C. sidoides.

Tonientuni solt, close aud hoary. Scpals 4 iiues or more.

Pctals broad 12. (7. leidocarpus.

Capsule crcct, straitijht, not twicc as long as the calyx, 5-cellcd. 13. C. IValcottii.

1. C. echinatus, Benth. An erect annutil, glabrous or nearly so.
Leaves petiolate, from ovate-laneeolate to oblong, ratlier obtuse, serraLe, the
lowest pair of serratures rarely bearing short setre. Pedicels 1 to 3, often
as long as the petioles, on a very short common peduncle. Biuls globular.
Sepals 2| to 3 lines long. Petals broad, rather loiiger. Ovary obtuse,
tu1)erculate. Capsule ovoid-globular, 3 to 5 lines long, very obtuse, gla-
brous, densely echinate with short recurved soft prickles, 3- or ■i-celled.
Seeds usually 6 to 8 in each cell, in two rows, without transverse partitions.
— TriiDiifetld viacropetala, F. JMuell. Fragui. iii. 8.

N. Australia. IIooker's aud Sturfs creeks, sourccs of the Vietoria river, F. Mueller.

2. C. hygrophilus, J. Cunn. Herb. A tall, erect, glabrous herb, appa-
rently annual. Leaves petiolate, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, 3 to
.5 in. long, acutely and irregidarly toothed. Cymes several-flowered, reflexed,
shortly pethmculate, but rarely e([ualling the petiolcs. Flowers small,
the buds obovoid, contracted at the base. Petals the length of the calyx.
Stamens numerous, on a raised torus. Capsule globular or ovoid-oblong,
very obtuse, 2 to 4 lines long, more or less tubercuhite, 2- or 3-celled. Seeds
8 or niore in 2 rows in each cell, without transverse partitions,

Queensland. Clcveland Bay, A. Cuiiningham.

3. C. Cunninghamii, F. Mm-ll. Fragm. iii. 8. A tall erect glabrous
herb, amuuil, or sometimes perhaps perennial. Leaves petiolate, from cor-
date-ovate to lanceolate, acuminate, 2 to 4 in. long, coarsely serrate, without
setse. Peduncles short, bearing a cyme of 3 to 7 or 8 flowers, on rather
long pedicels. Buds obovoid, narrowed at the base. Stamens luunerous,
on a raised torus. Ovary narrowed at the top. Capside narrow-oblong,
acute, \ to f in. long, slightly 3- or 4-angled, 3- or 4-celled, with numerous
seeds iu each cell.

Queensland. Dawson and Burnett rivers and Moreton Bay, F. Mueller ; Brisbane
river, Fruser.

4. C. olitorixis, Linn. ; W. and Arn. Prod. 73. An erect annual, of
2 ft. or more, glabrous or ncarly so. Leaves from ovate-acurainate to lan-
ceolate, 2 to 3 in. loug or more, serrate, the lowest pair of serratures end-
ing in spreadiiig or recurved setae. Flowers single or 2 together, on very
short pedicels, the buds obovoid-globular. Stamens numerous, on a small
torus. Capsule linear, often above 2 in. long, slightly S-angled, 5-cclled,
with numcrous seeds, separated by almost complete transverse partitions.

N. Australia. Vau Diemeii'8 Gulf, A. Cunningham. The species is coramon ia
tropical Asia and Africa.

5. C. tridens, Lhni. ; TF. and Arn. Prod. 73. A glabrous, hard annual,
with deeumbent ascending or er(>ct branches. Leaves mostly lanceolate,
rather obtuse, 2 to 3 in. long, crenate-serrate, the lowest pair of serratures

Corc/ior/ts.] xxiii. TiLiACEiE. 277

terminating in setse as in C. olUorins. Flowers small, nearly sessile, nsually
2 or 3 togetlier. Stamens uumerous, the torus scarcely raised. Capsule
liuear, rigid, f to l^ in. long, straight or curved, glabrous, 3- or 4-eelled,
aud often terrainatiug in as mauy very short spreadiug points or teeth.
Seeds numerous, without any, or with very imperfect, transverse partitions.

N. Australia. Ishmds of the N. coast, R. Brown ; Uppcr Victoria river, Sturfs and
Hooker's creeks, F. Mueller. The species is widely spread over Iropieal Asia aud Africa.

6. C. acutangulus, Lam. ; W. andArn. Prod. 73. An annual, sometimes
very small, but attaining 2 ft., decumbeut or erect, slightly pubescent and
often sprinkled with a few rigid hairs. Leaves petiolate, ovate, serrulate,
without set». Flowers 1 to 3, nearly sessile, and very small. Sepals little
more thau 1 liue long. Stamens 1.5 to 20. Capsule straight, |- to f in.
long, rather thick, prominently 3-angled, or wdth 3 longitiidinal wings, trun-
cate at the top, with 3 spreading points or teeth, 3-celled. Seeds numerous.
Very rarely the capsule has 4 cells, and as many wings and teeth. — Wight,
Ic. t. 739.

N. Australia. Upper Victoria river, F. Mueller. The species is common iu tropical
Asia and Africa, and occurs also, perhaps introduced, in some parts of S. Ameriea.

7. C. fascicularis, Lam.; JV. and Arn. Frod. 72. A small annual,
with procumbent or ascending branches, rarely attainiug 1 ft., ghibrous or
loosely pubescent. Leaves petiolate, obloug or knceohite, f to \\ in. long,.
or the lower ones small aud broad, slightly serrate without setse. Flowers
very minute, in clusters of 3 to 6, on very short pediincles. Sepals about
1 line long. Stamens 5 to 10. Capsule nearly cylindrical, rarely \ in.
long, usually slightly hairy, terminatiug in 3 teetli, 3-celled. Seeds several,
without transverse partitions.

N. Australia. Victoria rivcr, Sturfs and Hooker's creeks, F. Mueller ; Arnhem's
Bay, R. Brown (the latter somewhat doubtful, the specimen very imperfect). Thc species
extends over tropical Africa and Asia, from Senegal to Bengal, and iucludes C. brachi/carpus,
Guill. and Perr.

8. C. pumilio, R. Br. Llerb. A small rigid, much-branched herb or
undershrub, uot much more than |- ft. high, hirsute with spreading stellate
hairs, the slender branches appearing abuost woody at the base, although the
plant flowers the hrst year. Lraves petiohite, ovate or oblong, obtuse, rarely
above \ in. long, crenate, rugose aud plicate, sprinkled with rigid stellate
hairs. Flowers veiy suu'dl, in sessile clusters. Buds uarrow-oblong. Sepals
very nan-ow, acute, hirsute, 1 to l^ lines long. Petals uarrow. Stamens
about 10. Ovary very hirsute. Capsules reflexed, linear, 3 to 4 lines long,
slightly curved, rather acute, very hirsute, 2-ceIled, with few oblong seeds.

N. Australia. Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brow7i ; Upper Victoria river,
F. Mueller.

9. C. vermicularis, F. Muell.Fragm. iii. 11. A low shrub or undershrub,
with numerous slcnder brauches, like C. pumilio iu habit, but more diffuse, aud
rather stellate-toraentose thau liirsute. Leaves petiolate, oblong, obtuse, ^ to f
in. long, seiTate-crenate, rugose and plicate, rather roughly stellate-tomentose.
riowers veiy small, 2 or 3 together, and shortly pedicellatc. Ikuls obuvoid.
Sepals liuear-cuneate, l^ lines long. Petals broadly obovoid. Stamens

278 xxiii. TiLiACE^. lCorchorus.

about 20. Ovary glabrous. Capsule rcflexed, linear, slender and vcry much
twisted, contracted bctween the seeds, 2-valved. Seeds ovoid-oblong, few
and distant, the cells usually closed betvveen tlieni.
N. Australia. Upper^Victoria river, F. Mueller.

10. C. tomentellus, F. Mnell. Fragm. iii. 10. A low, diffuse, stellate-
tonientose shrub or undershndj. Leaves petiohite, from ovate to ovate-ob-
long, obtuse, ■^- to 1 in. long, crenate, slightly pUcate and rugose, rather
loosely stelkte-tomentose, especially underneath. Flowers pedicellate, in
nearly sessile cbisters, much hirger than in C vt^rmicidaris. linds obovoid.
Sepals 3 to 4 lines long. Stamens nunierous, the torus expanded into a pro-
minent disk round their base. Capside veiy sh^ndcr, tomentose, -^ to f in.
long, 3-valved, with few distant seeds, but scarcely contracted between
them.

Queensland. Mackcnzie river, F. Mueller. Tt is possible that this may provc a form
of the vcry variable C. sidoides, but besides the diirereiice ia habit and foliage, the flowers
appcar to be larger and the disk much more developed.

11. C. sidoides, F. Muell. Fragm. iii. 9. An erect shrub of several
feet, the branches densely but rather loosely toraentose. Leaves shortly petio-
hite, from oval-oblong to oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, 1 to 2 in. long, ratber
thiclc, crenate, pHcate and rugose or on luxuriant speciraens longer and
thinner, scabroiis-tomentose above, more densely tomentose underneath.
Flowers in nearly sessile clusters. Calyx tonientose-villous, 2 to 3 Hnes long,
the buds often tipped by the tooth-Hke points of the sepals. Petals naiTow,
in some fiowers very small. Stamens numcrous, on a small torus. Capsule
slender, ^ to near 2 in. long, tomentose or villous, more or less torulose, 2-
or 3-celIed. Seeds oblong, often distant in each cell, although rather nu-
nierous on the whole.

N. Australia. N.W. eoast, Bynoe ; Cygnet Bay, A. Cunningliam ; frequeut in sterile
places on the Victoria river, F. Mueller ; islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown.

12. C. leptocarpus, A. Cimn. llerb. An erect shrub of several feet,
hoary all over witli a minute close tomentmn. Leaves petiohtte, from ovate
to lauceohite, obtuse, 2 to 4 in. long, irregularly crenate, cordate at thc base,
minutely but softly tomeutose on both si(k's. Flowers in nearly sessile ckis-
ters. Buds tomentose, anguhu-, tipped with tlie long points of the sepals.
Sepals 4 lines long or rathcr more. Petals broad, alinost foveolate at the
base. Stamens numerous, on a prominent torus. Capside slender, incurved
at the base, densely tomentose, 1 to \\ in. long, slightly torulose, 3-celIed.
Seeds numerous, oblong, with incomplete transverse partitions between them.

N. Australia. Water Island, N.W. coast, A. Cunningham.

13. C. Walcottii, F. Muell. Frar/m. iii. 9. A shrub or undershrub of
1 to 3 ft., dcnsely and softly tonientose or woolly. Leaves petiolate, from
broadly ovate to ovate-oblong, \\ to 2| in. long, coarsely toothed or crenate,
not cordate, thick, soft and densely tomentose. Peduncles nearly as long as
the petioles, with 3 to 6 rather large pedicellate flowers. Sepals woolly-
tomentose, 5 or 6 lines long, lanceolate witii long soft subulate points.
Petals broad. Stainens numerous. Capsule crcct and straight, frora about

Corchorus.^ xxrii. tiliace.e. 279

the length of the calyx to twice as long*, very toinentose, 5-celled. Seeds
few, without partitions between them.

M. Australia. Enderby Island, N.W. coast, A. Cimmngham ; Hearson Island and
Nichol Bay, F. Gregonj.

Var. (?) pari-ijlora. Leaves smaller, often narrow, tomentum closer, and flovvers much
smaller. N.W. coast, Bynoe ; Nichol Bay, F. Greijorg.

Var. (?) densifora. Foliage various, pedicels very short, flovvers intermediate in size.
Gulf of Carpcntaria, F. Mueller. The specimens are iusufRcieut for correctiy cstiniatiug the
coustaucy of these fornis.

5. ECHINOCARPUS, Blume.

Sepals 4, imbricate in two rows. Petals 4, broad, short, imbricate.
Stamens numerous, free, covering the broad, thick, pitted disk from the petals
to the ovary ; anthers iinear, the cells placed back to back and opening from
the top in a slit extending more or less down the sides. Ovary 3- or 4-celIed,
with several ovules in each cell ; style subulate. Capsule thickly coriaceous
or woody, dcnsely echinr.te or covered witli setae, 3- or 4-celled or 1-celled by
aboi-tion, opening in 3 or 4 valves. Seeds several or solitary and pendulous,
ovoid; testa hard ; albumen flesliy ; cotyledons broad, flat. — Trees. Leaves
entii"e or sinuate-toothed, with pinnate veins. Peduncles axillary, 1-flowered,
soUtary or clustered, rarely forming terminal racemes.

A tropical Asiatic genus, rcpreseuted iu Australia by a single eudemic species.

1. £!. australis, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. Suppl. 73. A tree, at-
taining 80 ft., glabrous in all its parts. Leaves obovate-oblong, -J to 1 ft.
long, shortly acuminate, more or less sinuate-tootlied, mucli narrowed to-
wards the base, but obtuse or slightly cordate at the petiole, coriaceous.
Flowers pendidous, on erect pedicels of 1 to 2 in., the upper ones foruiing
terminal racemes shorter than the last leaves. Sepals ovate-oblong, about 4
lines long. Petals not seen. Anthers scarcely pointed. Capsvde openiug in
4 hard almost woody valves, about \ in. long, external setse short aud ex-
ceedingly densely crowded. PuIIy expanded flowers and seeds not seen.

Queensland. Scrub near Dunuduui, iSIoreton Bay, W. Ilill.

TH. S. 'Virales. Hastings river, Beckler (capsules ouly seen) ; Kiama, Harvey.

6. ARISTOTELIA, L'Her.

(Friesia, BC)
Sepals 4 or 5, valvate. Petals as many, imbricate, 3-Iobed, toothed or entire,
inserted round the base of the thickened toms. Stamens indcfinite, inserted
on the torus, within a glandular ring ; anthers liuear, the cells placed back to
back and opening from the top in short confluent slits. Ovary 2- to 4-ceIled,
with 2 ovules in each cell ; style subulate. Fruit a beny. Sceds fevv, as-
cending or pendulous ; testa hard, often pulpy outside ; albumen fleshy ;
embryo straight, with flat or undulate cotyledons. — Shrubs. Leaves mostly
opposite or nearly so, entire or toothed. riowers axiUary or lateral, in ra-
cemes, or in the Australian specics solitary or 2 or 3 together, often polyga-
mous.

Besides the 2 Australiau species, which are eudemic, the genus has 2 from New Zeyland
aud 1 from Chili.

280 XXIII. TiLiACE.E. [Aristotelia.

Leaves obloDg-lanceolate or rarely ovatc-lauccolate, glabrous . . .1. A. peduncularis.
Leaves ovate, acurniuate, pubesceut underneath 2. A. australasica.

1. A. peduncularis, Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 52. A weak straggling
shrub of 2 to 4 or 5 ft., glabrous iu all its parts. Leaves irreg-iilarly oppo-
site or liere ancl there alternate or in wliorls of 3, sliortly petiolate, froin
ovate-lanceolate to obloug or lauceolate, acuuiinate, l^ to 3 in. long, serrate.
Peduncles slender, 1-flowered, solitary or 2 to 3 together, with a few suiall
leafy bracts at the base. Flowers white, pendulous. Sepals 4 or rarely 5,
3 or 4 lines long. Petals rather longer, broadly cuneate, 3-lobed. Torus
tomentose. Staraens 10 to 12, the fihiinents ciliate at the base ; anthers
shortly pointed. Berry varyina; in size from that of a pea to a small cherry.
— El^ocarpm pedunculcms, LabiU. Pl. Nov. Holl. ii. 15, t. 155 ; Friesia pe-
duncidaris, DC. Prod. i. 520 ; Bot. Mag. t. 4246.

Tasmania. Derwent river, R. Brown ; southern and mountainous parts of the island,
commoa iu shady placcs asceuding to 4000 ft., /. 1). Hooker.

2. A. (?) australasica, F. Muell. Fragm. ii. 79. A slender shrub of
several feet, witli a few soft hairs on the yoinig brauches, petioles, aiul jn-in-
cipal veins on the under side of the leaves, otherwise glabrous. Leaves op-
posite, ou slender petioles, ovate, acuniinate, 2 to 3 in. long, serrate, 3-nerved
at the base. Pedicels slender, really axillary, although sometimes apparently
terminal before the interinediatc bud has growu out. Flowers uuknown.
Berry globuhu-, about 4 lines diameter, nearly diy.

N. S. ^Vales. Mountaiu woods at the mouth of the Chareuce rivcr, Beckler. Uutil
the flowers have bcen seen, the geueric ideutity canuot be cousidei'ed as ccrtain.

7. EL^OCARPUS, Linn.

(Monocera, Jack.)

Sepals 4 or 5, usually valvate. Petals as mauy, fringed, lobed or rarely
entire, inserted round the base of the torus, induplicate-valvate, and em-
bracing some of the outer stamens in the bud. Stamens indefiuite, iiiserted
ou the torus, Avithin a glandidar ring ; anthers oblong or linear, opcning at
the top iu 2 valves (that is, the cells phiced back to back aiul opening iii
short, terminal, confluent slits). Ovary 2- to 5-C('lled, with 2 or more ovules
in each cell ; style subulate. Fruit a drupe, with a hard often bony putamen,
2- to 5-celled or l-celled by abortion. Seeds solitary in each cell, jienduloiis
(or rarely erect ?) ; testa hard ; albiimen fieshy ; cotyledoiis broad, fiat or
undulate. — Trees. Leaves alternate or rarely opposite, entirc or serrate.
Flowers in axillary racemes, sometiuies polygamous.

A largc tropical Asiatic gcuus, cxtending to the Pacific islauds, Xew Calcdonia aud New
Zealand. Thc Australian spccies arc all cndcmic.

Leaves tomcntose undcrncath. Petals entirc or shghtly crciiatc . . \. E. holopelalus.
Leaves glabrous. Pctals lobed or friiiged.

Fiowcrs about 2 liues. Petal-lobes about 7, obtusc. Aulhcrs short,

obtuse 2. E. ohocaius.

Flowers about 4 liiies. Petid-lobes 10 to 12, acutc. Autlicrs iiuear,

])oiiitcd. Lcaves stroiigly reticulatc 3. ^. ryaiicus.

P'i()wcrs () or 7 liues. Petals sill<y ou the edges, wilh aboiit 5 deeply

friuged lobes. Authers liuear, with siiort scta; on thcir j^oiuts . 4. E. grandis.

Elaocarpiis.] xxiii. tiliace^. 281

1. E. holopetalus, F. Muell. Fnujm. ii. 143 ; and Pl. Fict. i. 153. A
tree attainiug 80 ft., the youug slioots rusty-tomentose or villous. Leaves on
very short petioles, oblong-huiceolate or slightly obovate, acute or acuminate,
2 to 4 iu. loug, siuuate-seiTate, coriaceous, reticulate aud glabrous above,
loosely tomentose uuderueath or ahuost glabrous with age. Racemes iu the
upper axds, tomeutose-villous. Pedicels rather loug. Sepals 2 to '2^ iiues
long. Petals rather louger, entire or slightly crenate. Stameus 15 to 20,
withiu a prominent almost cup-shaped disk ; anthers pubesceut, short, obtuse.
Ovary 2-ceUed.

Victoria. Easteru Gipps' Land, at an elevation of 2000 to 4000 ft., F. Mueller.

2. E. obovatus, G. Don, Gen. Syst. i. 559. A tree attaining 60 ft.,
glabrous iu all its parts. Leaves from oval-elliptical to obovate-oblong or
alraost lanceolate, obtuse or obtusely acuminate, 2 to 4 in. loug, irregularly
sinuate-crenate, uarrowed at the base, thinly coriaceous, the smaller veins mucli
less uumerous aud less couspicuous thau iu E. cyaneus. Eacemes solitary or
clustered, many-flowered, but shorter than the leaves. Flowers small, white.
Sepals acute, \\ lines long. Petals rather longer, divided to about the mid-
dle into about 7 linear obtuse lobes. Authers short, obtuse or scarcely
pointed. Ovary glabrous, 2-ceIIed, witli 4 ovules in each cell. Drupe glo-
bular or ovoid, often blue, the putamen rugose or tuberculate. — F. Muell,
Fragm. ii. 80 ; F. parvlfiorus, A. Rich. Sert. Astrol. 67, t. 24 ; E. paucifiorus,
Walp. Rep. i. 364 (a mistake iu the uame anda wroug statiou).

Queensland. Brisbane river, Moreton Bay, W. Hill ; Ipswich, Nernsl.

N. S. 'Wales. Port Jackson and Hunter's river, R. Brown and others ; Hastings and
Clarence rivers. Beckler ; Port Maequarie, Fraser.

Var. (?) foveolatus. Drupe larger, ovoid, very prominently tuberculate. Flowers not
seen.

N. Australia. Islands of the N. coast, R.Brown; Liverpool river, A. Cunnuif/ham ;
Fitzmaurice river and Macadam range, F. Ilueller.

3. E. cyaneus, Ait.\Epit. Ilort. Kew. A tree, usually small, but attaiu-
iug sometimes 60 ft. or more, glabrous in all its parts. Leaves elliptical-
oblong or obloug-lauceolate, acumiuate, 3 or 4 iu. long or more when luxu-
riant, more or less serrate, acute at the base, coriaceous and very couspicu-
ously reticulate. Eacemes loose, shorter thau the leaves. Sepals acute, 3 to
4 lines long, glabrous. Petals as long orrather longer, divided into 10 to 12
acute lobes, here and there united in pairs. Staraeus munerous, withiu the
uudidate glandular disk. Anthers linear, the upper valve with a short point.
Ovary glabrous, 2-ceIIed, with 8 to 10 ovules in each cell. Drupe usually
1-seeded, globular or ovoid, blue outside, the putamen 4 to 6 lines long, hard
and rugose.— DC. Prod. i. 519 ; Bot. Mag. t. 1737, F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i.
152 ; E. reticulatus, Sm. in Rees' Cycl. xii. ; Bot. Reg. t. 657.

Queensland. Moreton Bay, F. Muellei ; Pine river, Fitzalan.

N. S. 'Wales. Port Jackson , R. Broivn and others ; northward to Mouut Lindsay,
Maclcay aud Clareuce rivers, Beckler ; southward to Twofold Bay, F. Muellcr.

Victoria. Forest gullies of 'Wilson^s Proinontory and woodcd ranges from the Tambo
river to the E. boundar)', F. Muetler.

Some specimens from the lilawarra, M'Arthur, in fruit only, are rernarkable for their
thick brauchcs, with leaves of 0 to 8 in.

4. E. grandis, F. Muell. Fragm. u. 81. A tree of moderate size, gla-

282 XXIII. TiLiACE.*:. {Eleeocarpus.

brous, except the young shoots, slightly silky-liairy. Leaves on short pe-
tioles, oblong or lanceolate, obtuse or scarcely acuminate, 4 to 6 in. long,
crenulate, narrowed at the base, scarcely coriaceous, the sraaller veins not
prominent. Flowers large, in short dense racemes. Sepals fully \ in., in-
cbuling their long subuhite points. Petals longer, divided into about 5
deeply fringed lobes, silkv -pubescent on the margin towards the base. Sta-
mens very numerous ; anthers linear, the upper valve pointed aiul ending in
1 or 2 short, fine setae. Ovary silky-tomentose (5-celled?), with about -4
ovules in each cell. Drupe (which I have not seen) globuhxr, 1 in. dia-
nieter.

Queensland. Pine river, Herb. F. MueRer. The large flowers, pubescent petals, and
poiiitcd anthcrs, refer this spccies to the section Monocera, usually cousidered as a distinct
gcaus, but the group is neither natural nor accurately delined.

Order XXTV. LINE^.

Flowers regular, hermaphrodite. Sepals 5, rarely 4, free or imited at the
base, imbricate or rarely abnost valvate. Petals as many, hypogynous or
rarely slightly perigynous, imbricate, usually contorted. Stamens as many as
petals or twice or rarely thrice as many, united into a ring or short tube at
the base ; anthers 2-celled, with parallel cells opening longitudinally. Ghmds
5, adnate to or embedded in the outside of the staminal tube or rarely wanting.
Disk noue (besides the stamiiud tube). Ovary free, entire, 3- to 5-celled.
Ovules 2 or rarely 1 in each cell, penduious, anatropous, withaventral raphe.
Styles 3 to 5, distinct or more or less united, wilh terminal usually capitate
stiginas. Fruit either a capsule, separating into cocci, usually dehiscent, or a
drupe, with as many pyrenes as carpels, or more frequently reduced by abor-
tion to 1. Seeds 1 or 2 in each coccus or pyrene ; testa membranous or al-
most coriaceous ; albumen fleshy, abundant or thin or entirely wanting.
Embryo usiudly straight, with flat, ovate cotyledons ; radicle superior. —
Herbs, shrubs, or rarely trees, glabrous or rarely hirsute or tomentose.
Leaves alternate or very rarely opposite, simple and entire or slightly serrate.
Stipules lateral or within the petiole, sometimes minute or wanting.

Au Order, foruierly alniost limited to the genus Linwni, but hitcly cxtendcd to include
scveral sinall Orders or genera, chicfly tropical, from both the Ncw and the Old World.
The two Australian gcnera are the ouly two largc oues, both of them widely dispersed, one
chiefly in tcmperatc regions, the othcr withiu the tropics.

Herbs. Petals without appendages. Capsule apparently lO-ccUcd,

with 1 sced iu each cell 1. LiNUM.

Shrubs or trecs. Pctals with au appendage at thc base of thc lamina.

Drupe 1-scedcd 2. Ekyturoxylon.

1. LINUM, Liun.

Sepals 5. Petals 5, contortcd, without appendages. Stamens 5, perfect ;
statninodia as mauy, alternatiiig with the stamens, minute, tooth-like or hair-
like, orsoinetiines scarcely couspicuous. Glands 5, sniall, scareelv promiucnt
on the staminal tube, opposite the petals. Ovary 5-ceIIed, with 2 collateral
ovides iu each cell. Capsule dividiug into 5 cocci, with 2 seeds in each

Llnimi.'] XXIV. linetE. 283

separated by an imperfect partition, or into 10 1-seeded cocci wlien tlie parti-
tion is more complete. Albumen thin. — Herbs. Leaves narrow, entire.
Stipules iione or minute and gland-like.

A large genus, widely distributed over the temperate or warmer cxtratropieal regious of
the globe, with a few tropical Americau species. Tlie Australian species are endemic, but very
closely allied to some of the commouest blue-iiowered species of the uorthern hemisphere.

Scpals acute or acuminate , . \. L. marginale.

Scpals very obtuse 2. Z. madtefolium.

Besides these, L. gaUicum, Linn.; Planch. iu Hook. Lond. Joum. vii. 168, a slender erect
annual, with very small yellow flowers in a termiual corymb, a comraon plant in the
Mediterrauean region, has established itself as au introduced weed in the ncighbourhood of
Paramatta.

1. L. marginale, A. Cunn.; Planch. in Hook. Lond. Jonrn. vii. 169,
A glabrous lierb, forming a thick perennial rootstock, but also sometimes ap-
parently annual, with erect or ascending slender stems of 1 to 2 ft., corym-
bosely branched above the middle. Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, acute
or the lowest almost obtuse, often all luider \ in., but the upper oues some-
times 1 in. long. Stipular glands wanting. Plowers blue, on erect pedicels,
formuig a loose, iiTegular, terminal corymb. Sepals ovate or ovate-lauceo-
late, acute or cuspidate, 2 to 3 lines long, with a strong micWb, tlie margins
thin and often with a narrow scarious border. Petals from a little longer to
twice as long. Styles united to above the middle. Cnpsule dividing into
10 1-seeded cocci.— Hook. f. TI. Tasm. i. 46; F. Muell. PI. Vict. i.'l78 ;
L. angnsUfolinm, DC. Prod. i'. 426 (as to the New Holland locality) ; Bartl.
in PI. Preiss. i. 161.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown and others ; northwards to Hastings river,
Beckler ; and in the interior, A. Cunningham.

Victoria. Port Phillip, B. Broivn ; throughout the colony, asceuding to the Alps, F.
Mueller.

Tasmauia. Ahundant throughout the island, J. D. Hooher.

S. Australia. Trom the Murray to Lofty Range and Spencer's Gulf, F. Mueller and
others.

■^V. Australia. Kiug George's Souud, Bagster ; Swan River, Drummond, \st Coll.;
Doubtful Island, Oldjield. The species very mucli resembles the northcrn L. angnstifoliiim,
Huds., with which many authors have confounded it ; but it appears to be constautly distiuct
in the uuion of the styles.

2 ? L. susedaefolium, Planch. in Ilook. Lond. Journ. vii. 168. Ap-
parently au annual, witli numerous short erect stems. Leaves crowded,
linear, obtuse, 3 or 4 lines long, without stipular glauds. Flowers and fruit
of the small varieties of L. marginale, except that the sepals are very obtuse,
those of the lower flowers almost dilated at the top.

Queensland. Baloune river, MitcheU {Herb. Lindl). The spccimen is very imper-
fect. It is probably a varicty of L. niarginale, with which some specimens iii F. Mueller's
Hcrbarium with less poiuted sepals thau usual would seem to couuect it.

2. ERYTHROXYLON, Linn.

Sepals 5, rarely 6, uuited into a lobed calyx, or free. Petals as many,
with a 2-Iobed appendage inside below the lamiua. Stamens 10, rarely 12,
the basal tube short, without glands, or more or less thickened into 10 glauds.

284 XXIV. LiNE^E. {Erytliroxylon.

the filaments attachcd inside just below the crenulate top. Ovary 3- rarely
4-celled, with 1 or rarely 2 ovules in each cell. Drnpe usuaily l-seedecl.
Alburaen copious, or thin, or none. — Trees or shrubs. Leaves entire. Stipules
united into one witliin tlie petiole, deciduous, or persistent especially on the
leafless base of the young shoots. Fiowers small, whitish, solitary or ckis-
tered in the axil of leaves or of lealless stipules.

A large tropical geuns, abundant in S. America, less so in Africa aud Asia. The two
Australiau specics are perhaps endemic, but there is so ruuch general siniilarity in the species
of this genus, and their chai-acters so vagne aud vai-iable, that it is exceediugly difficult to
determine their limits.

Leaves oblong or narrow-elliptical, 1 iu. long or less, or the smaller ones

cuneate-obovate, the veins fevv 1. ^. ausirale.

Leaves obovate or ovate-elliptical, I5 to 2^ in. long, or the smalJer ones

rarely 1 iu., the veins numerous and finely reticidated 2. E. eUipticum.

1. E. australe, F. Muell. in Trans. Vict. Inst. iii. 22. A glabrous
shrub, with slender divaricate branches. Leaves elliptical-oblong, or the
smaller ones cuneate or almost obovate, in some specimens all under \ in.
long, in more luxuriant ones about 1 in., the pinnate veins fewer and less
reticulate than in many other species. Stipides small and deciduous. Pedi-
cels solitary or rarely clustered, short or rarely attaining 3 lines, with minute
bracteoles at their base. Flowers very sraall. Calyx not 1 line long, divided
to below the middle, the lobes alraost or quite valvate. Liner appendage of
the petals with 2 very short crested lobes. Styles free or shortly cohering at
the base. Drupe oblong, 3 to 3^ lines long, 3-ceIIed, but with only 1 seed.
Albumen thin ; radicle slender, shorter than the ovate cotyledons.

Queensland. Brigalow scrub on the Burdekin, Suttor, and Dawsou rivers, F.
Mueller ; Comet river, Leichhardt ; Rockhampton and Fitzroy river, Thozet.

2. E. ellipticum, R. Br. Herh. A glabrous shrub of above 5 ft., the
youngbranclies flattcned. Leaves obovate or ovate-elliptical, very obtuse, l^
to 2|^ in. long or the smaller ones rarely only 1 in., on petioles of about 1
line, rather thin, with very numerous and flnely reticulatcd veins. Stipules
usually about 2 lines long, and always longer than the petioles, deciduous.
Flowers nearly of F. australe, very small, in clusters of 3 to 6, the pedicels 2
or 3 lines long, with minute bracts at their base. Calyx about 1 line long,
divided nearly to the base into lanceolate acute lobes, very slightly imbricate
or almost valvate. Petals slightly exceeding the calyx. Styles quite free.
Drupe oblong, 3 to 4 lines long, 1-seeded.

N. Australia. Gulf of Carpentaria, ou the mainland opposite Groote Eyland, R. Brown.
The foliage is neariy that of the largest aud broadest-lcaved spccimeus of E. indicum, but
the styles are quitc frce.

Order XXV. MALPIGHIACEiE.

Flowers usually hermaphrodite. Calyx 5-cIcft, the segments imbricate or
rarcly valvatc, all, or raore freipicntly l' only (or rarely 3 or none of tiiem),
bearhig 2 glands outside. Petals 5, usually equal, concave, toothed or
notched, on slender claws. Disk scarcely prominent. Stamens usually 10,
all perfect, or some of them deformed or without anthers, or sometimes want-

XXV. MALPlGHlACEiE. 285

iiig, tlie filaments usiially united at the base ; antliers 2-celled. Ovary nsually
3-celled, or the 3 cai^pels distinct, with 1 ovule in each, ascending from a
pendulous ventral funicle. Styles distinct, or united, or one only developed,
with small termiual stigmas. Fruit-carpels 3 or fewer, either united in a
beiTv, drupe, or hard capsule, or more frequently forming separate indehiscent
nuts, or wiuged saniarEe. Seeds without albumen, the testa usually mendiranous
and double. Embryo straight or curved ; cotyledons thin or fleshy, often
unequal ; radicle short, superior. — Trees, shrubs, or rarely undershrubs, fre-
quently climbing. Hairs usually closely appressed and fixed by the centre.
Leaves mostly opposite, with glands at the top of the petiole, and often on
the margin iniderneath. Stipules usually small, decidiious, or none. Flowers
usually yellow, red, or white, in racemes either simple and terminal, or col-
lected in corymbs or umbels, the pedicels articulate on the common peduncle.

A large tropical and subtropical Order, abundant iu S. America, mucli less so in Africa
and Asia. Tlie only two Aiistralian species belong to small genera spread over the Eastern
Archipelago and S. Pacific islands. Both geuera are exceptional as being deprived of the
calycine glauds so general in the Order.

Carpels with 1 vertical, large, oblong or incurved wing. Flowers in

irregular corymbs. Styles 3 1. Ryssopterys.

Carpels with several (7 or more) small linear, stellately spreading

wiugs. Flowers iu simple racemes. Styles 1 or 2, unequal . . 2. Thistellateia.

1. RYSSOPTERYS, Blume.

Calyx without glands. Petals scarcely clawed. Stamens all perfect, the
filaments thickened at the base ; anthers without appendages. Ovary 3-lobed,
3-celled, villous ; styles 3, slender, witli capitate stignias. Samaras 1 to 3,
expanded at the summit into a wiug, of which the upper margin is thickened,
tuberculate on the sides below the wing. Seed oblong, with a slightly curved
embryo. — Woody climbers. Leaves opposite. lufiorescence termiual or ap-
pareutly axiUary from the reduction of the flowering branches, compound,
irregiihirly coryinbose. Peduucles bracteate at the base, with 2 bracteoles at
the articulation of the pedicels.

A small genus, dispersed ovcr the Eastern Archipelago, one of the spccics exteuding into
Australia.

1. R. timorensis, Blume ; A. Jim. MalpigJi. 133. A tall cliniber,
tlie young shoots hoary- pubescent. Leaves on rather long petioles, broadly
cordate-ovate or orbicuLar, obtuse or ratlier acute, 3 to 5 in. long, somewhat
coriaceous, glabrous above wlien fuU grown, hoary-pubescent underneath,
witli 1 or 2 prominent glauds at the top of the petiole, those on the margin
of the leaf very small. Plowers ou pedicels of 2 or 3 lines, in short racenies
arranged in irregular corymbs. Bracts aud bracteoles veiy small. Fruit-
carpels or samaras pubescent, the lateral tubercles very proininent, the wing
broadly semicircular, about f in. long aud 5 or 6 liues broad. — Deless. Ic.
Sel. iii. t. 35.

Queensland. Cape Cleveland, A . Cunningham ; Fitzroy river, Thozet. The speci-
meus are in fruit only, but agrec perfectly with those we have in thc same state from Timor.
Soine other spccies from the Archipelago are closely allicd, bnt difTrr chiefly in the longer
and uarrovvcr wins of Ihe samaras.

286 XXV. MALPIOHIACEiE.

2. TRISTELLATEIA, Thouars.

Calyx witliout any or with very miuute glands. Petals distinetly clawed.
Stamens all perfect, filaments rigid, tnmcate, and articidate at the top ; anthers
acute. Ovary 3-Iobed , style single or 2, or very rarely 3 uneciual ones, the
others reduced to small papillai. Fruit-ear|)els 3, each one bearing about 7
small liuear stellately spreading wings. Seeds obovoid ; testa membranous,
cotyledons fleshy, liooked. — Woody climbers. Leaves opposite or whorled,
the petiole bearing 1 or 2 ghinds at the top, and minute stipules at the base.
Flowers yellow, in terminal or lateral racemes.

A small genus ranging over Madagascar and the Indian Archipelago, one species from the
hitter regiou exteudiiig iato Australia.

1. T. australasica, A. Rich. Sert. Astrol. 88, t. 15. A tall, glabrous
climber. Leaves opposite, on rather short petioles, ovate, acute, 2 to 4 in.
long, membranous, the glands of the petiole usually single and sometimes
wanting. Racemes terrainal, loose, 4 to 6 in. long. Pedicels opposite, \ to
\ in. long, articulate, with 2 minute bracteoles below the middle. Petals 3
or 4 lines long, spreading, the lamina ovate-cordate, the claw slender. Fila-
ments mueh thielcened below the niiddle, and very shortly united. Pruit
(only seen in Archipelago specimens) quite ghibrous, the wings of the carpels
unccpial, the longest often 3 lines long.

Queensland. J^ Brown's River, M'GUl'ivray.

Thc species is found in varions islands of the Indian Archipeiago. The spccimcns
described under the namc of Platynema laurifolivm by Wight and' Aruott, in Jamcson's
Journal, and inserted in their ' Prodromus,' p. 107, as of doubtful Ceyloucse origin, proved
afterwards to have beeu frcm Singapore.

Order XXVI. ZYGOPHYLLEiE.

Flowers iisually hermaphrodite and regular. Sepals 5 or 4, veiy rarely G,
free or connate at the l)ase, ind)ricate or rarely valvate in the' bud. Petals
as raany, free, imbricate or contorted, rarely valvate or wanting. Disk convcx
or depressed, rarely annular or undeveloped. Staniens usually the same or
twice the nurabcr of the petals, the filaments most frequently with a scale or
wiugs at or below the middle ; authers 2-celled, opening longitudinally.
Ovary sessile or shortly stalked, often angular, with as uiany cells as petals or
sepals, rarely raore or fewer ; stylesimple, with a siuijile orrarely lobed stigma.
Ovult!S 2 or raore in each cell, rarely solitary, peudulous or ascending, with a
ventral raphe. Fruit sometiines drupaceous, never baccate, more usually se-
parating iuto iudeliiscent or 2-valved cocci,the endoearp oeeasionally separating.
Seeds solitary or rarely several, pcndulous ; tcsta membrauous, crustaceous, or
thick aud mucilagiuous vvlien wclted ; albumen usually thin. Einbiyo as long
as the seed, greeu, straight, or rarily curved ; cotyledons oblong or linear,
radicle short, su])crior. — Shriibs, uudershrubs, or herbs, the branches usually
divaricate aud articulate at ilw. noiles. Leaves opposite, or rarely altcruate
by the abortiou of one of each pair, 2-foliolate or pinnate, rarely siinplc, the
leafiets usually entire. Stipules in pairs. Peduueles axillary, 1-fiowercd, or
rarely brauching into cyraes. Fiowers inostly white, yellow, or red.

XXVI. zygophyllejE. 287

A small Onler, ncarly allied ou the oiie hand to Malpighincece, on the othcr to Geraniacea
and llaiacea, dispersed chiefly over thc subtropical regious of both thc Old aud New
World, aud most abundaut in dry desert or saline regions. The three Australian
gciicra are all common to Africa and Asia, and one of them extends also to Eiirope and
America.

Leaves pinnate. Petals 5, flat. Fruit of 5 hard, iudehisceut, usually

prickly or tubercuhite cocci 1. Tribulus.

Leaves simple. Petals 5, concave. Fruit a drupe with a hard

1-seeded nut 2. Nitrakia.

Leaves vvith 2 leaflets or lobes. Petals 4 or 5, flat. Fruit a 4- or

5-angled or winged capsule 3. Zygophvllum.

1. TRIBULUS, Linn,

{Tribulopis, R. Br.)

Sepals 5, rarely 6. Petals as many, flat. Disk aminlar, lO-lobcd or
sinuate, witli a glaud at the base of each of the inner stamens, altcrnating
witli the petals. Stamens twice as many as petals, the filaments liliform,
without apperidages. Ovary of 5 or sometimes more cells, with 1 or 2 to 5
superposed ovules in each cell. Frnit separating into as many cocci as carpels,
hard, indehiscent, and each usually bearing 2 or niore prickles or tubercles.
— Herbs, usually prostrate or divaricate and hairy. Leaves abruptly pinnate,
opposite, with one of each pair smaller tlian tbe other, or sometimes abortive
or all alternate. Stipules small, lanceolate, or falcate. Pedicels solitary in
the axil of the smaller leaf of each pair, or opposed to the leaf when alteniate.
Flowers white or yellow.

The genus is dispersed over the greater part of the tropical and warm regions of tJie
globe, exteuding into Europe and N. America. Of the Australian species, oue is abuudant
iu Asia, Africa, and S. Europe, anothcr is most commou in tropical America, less so in Asia
aud Afi-ica, and the other 9 are all endemic.

Leaves, at least the upper oues, opposite. Glands of the disk not
very prominent. Ovules 2 or more in each cell. {Tribulus
proper.)
Cocci rounded at the back, without angular or winged edges.
Cocci with 2 or 4 prickles, rarely minute or deficient.
Leaves almost all opposite. Ovules 3 or 4 in each cell.

Annual. Flowers small. Petals about 1 in 1. T. lerrestris.

PerenuiaL Flowers large. Petals about i in. . . . 2. T. cistoides.
Lower leaves alternate. Ovules 2 iu each celL Flowers

laro;e . . . ■, i. T. ranuncvHJlorus.

Cocci covered with nuracrous nearly cqual prickles . . . . 4. T. hijstrix.
Cocci with promineut ahnost wiuged augles, and 2 prickles ou

the back between thcm 5. T. macrocarpus.

Cocci broadly winged at thc augles, without prickles.

Plant glabrous except the insiJu of the sepals. Cocci smooth G. T. plati/ptcrus.
Plant hirsute. Cocci strougly reticukite on the back and

sides 7. ?'. hirsutus.

Leavcs (except T. minntus) all alternate. Glauds of the disk

promiueut. Ovules soHtary. Fruit pyramidal, the cocci

vvith 2 or 4 tubercles or sniall priekles below the midJle.

{Tribuhpis, R. Br.)

Lcatlets 2 pairs, the lowest nuich smalkr. Perfect stanicus

usually 5 8. 7'. jieuiandrus.

288 XXVI. ZYGOPHYLLEii;. [Trib/dus.

Lcaflets about 3 pairs, ovate, the lowest not far froin the sleni.

Anthers 5 short, 5 oblong or linear 9. T. bicolor.

Leaflets about 3 pairs, ovate or lanceolate, Ihe lowest distant

from the stem. Anthers 10, nearly siinilar. Flowers

small 10. T. Solatulri.

Leaflets 4 to G pairs, linear. Anthers 10, similar. Flovvers

iarge 11. 71 angustifoliits.

Leaflets 3 to 6 pairs, small ovate or lanceolate. Lcaves mostly

opposite. Anthers 10, similar. Flowers very small . . \2. T. tnimttns.

1. T. terrestris, Limi. ; DC. Prod. i. 703. A prostrate anniial or l)i-
eimial, more or less hirsute or silky-hairy, especially tlie young shoots, tlie
steuris extending often to 1 or 2 ft. Leaves opposite, iincqual ; lenflets of
the larger one usually 5 to 7 pairs, obliquely oblong, 3 to 5 lines long. Pe-
dicels shorter than the opposite larger leaf. Flowers sinall, the sepals rarely
attaining 2 liues and often niuch less, the petals rather longer, but very rarely
nearly twice as long. Anthers 10, all sraall and perfect. Ovules 3 or 4 in
each cell. Cocci 5, hard, 2 to 3 lines long, glabrous or liairy, rounded on
the back, with 2 marginal, divaricate, horizontal, subulate or conical prickles
about halfway up, and often 2 smaller reflexed ones lower down, the rest of
the surface nsually tuberculate or shortly muricate. Sceds 2 to 4 in each
coccus, horizoutal and separated by transverse partitions. — Reicldi. Ic. Fl.
Germ. v. t. 161; F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 99; T. latiitffijiosiis, Unn. ; DC.
Prod. i. 704; Wight, Ic. t. 98 ; T. acanfhococcus, F. Muell. in Trans. Phil.
Soc. Vict. i. 9.

N. Australia. Sturt's Creek, F. Mneller.

Queensland. Gilbert rivcr, F. Mneller.

N. S. 'Wales. Darling river, Ballnchy.

Victoria. At thc junction of the Mnrray and Murrumbidgee, F. MiteUer.

S. Australia. N. of LaivC Torreiis, M'DonaH Stuarfs Expedition.

The species is a common weed in S. Europe, temperate Africa, .ind S. Asia.

2. T. cistoides, Linn. ; DC. Prod. i. 703. A perennial, forming at
lengtli a thick rootstock. Branches procumbent or ascending, attaining 1 to
2 ft. Indumentum more silky than in T. tcrrestris. Larger leaf of each
pair with frequently 7 or 8 pairs ot leaflets. Flowers large, on longer pecUm-
cles than in T. lerrestris ; the sepals 3 or 4 lines long, very acute, silky-
hairy ; tlie petals obovate, at least f in. long. Anthers usmdly (perhaps not
always) oblong or linear. Fruit like that of T. terrestris or rather hn-ger,
with 2 or very rarelv 4 prickles to each coccus. — A. Gray, 111. Gen. N. Am.
t. 145.

N. Australia. Gulf of Carpcutaria, R. Broicn ; Port Essin<;ton, Armstrony ; Albert
rivcr aud Sweiirs Island, Henue.

Queensland. Northumberiand Islaud, R. Brown ; Port Curtis and Port Molle,
M'Gi!livrai/ ; Lord llowick's group, /''. Mueller ; Port Denison, Fitzalan.

N. S. 'VVales. Livcrpooi plaius, Lcichharclt.

The spccies is frequent in the West Indies and many parts of tropical Ameiica, and in tlie
Pacilic islauds, rare iu tropical Asia aud Afriea.

3. T. ranunculiflorus, F. Miwll. Fragin. i. 48. An annual, Avith
procuuibeut or ascending steuis, liirsute with sprcading hairs. Lower leaves
alternate, upper ones o])posite, the larger one of eacli pair with about 8 or 10
pairs of obliquely lanceolate leaflets, niore or less silky-hairy. Flowers

Tribidtis.] xxvi. ZYGOPHYLLEi*:. 289

larg-e, on rather long pedicels. Sepals very acute, 3 to 4 lines long. Petals
more than twice as long. Anthers short, ovate. Ovary very hirsute, with
only 2 ovules in each cell. Fruit about 3 lines long, the cocci slightly niuri-
cate and often with 2 short prickles, containing each 1 or 2 seeds separated
by a transverse partition.

N. Australia. Dry sandy pastures on the Upper Victoria river, F. MneUer.

4. T. hystrix, R. Br. in App. Stnrt. Exped. 6. A dilfuse or prostrate
perennial or undershrnb, the branches densely toinentose-hirsute or wooUy.
Lower leaves (at least in some specimens) alternate, upper ones opposite, the
larger one of each pair with 6 to 8 or even more pairs of leatlets, rather
broad and softly silky-hairy. Flowers smaller than in T. cistoidts, but much
larger tlian in t. terr^estris', the petals generally about ^ in. long. Ovary very
liirsute, with 8 or 4 ovules in each cell. Cocci veiy villous, covered all over
with hairy piickles, either subulate from the base or more or less thickeued
and conical. — I. occidentatis, E. Br. 1. c. (from the short diagnosis given).

IN. Australia. N.W. coast, A.-Cunningham ; on sandy soil, iu the interior frora
ISiehol Bay, V. Gregory.

5. Australia. Towards Spcncer's Gulf, Warlurton.

The speciraens I have seen are niost of them very iucomplete, aud those described by R. Browu
unfortunately niislaid. The few fruits on Gregory's specimuns show, however, that ihe cha-
racter relied on by R. Browu for the distiuction of T. /igstri.r aud T. occidentatis, the subu-
h)te or couical prickles of the fruit, does uot hold good. lu M'Douall Stuarfs coUcction is
a fi-agmentai-y specimen from Fink river, with a much larger tlower, which may possibly be
a variety of Ihe same specics, but is iudeterminable without the fruit.

5. T. macrocarpus, J. Mnell. Herb. Foliage and flowers unknown.
Cocci quite glabrous, nearly f in. long, the edges bordered by narrow, verti-
cal, hard, sliglitly denticulate wings, with 2 straight, horizontal, conical
prickles on the back about halfway up and a vertical prominent rib betweeu
them, the sides smooth.

N. Australia. In the iuterior, from Nichol Bay, F. Gregory.

6. T. platypterus, Bentli. A shrub of 2 to 3 feet, glabrous, except
the inside of the sepals, the older branches in one specimen corky. Leaves
oppositc, the larger one of eacli pair with about 5 or 6 pairs of obtuse leaflets.
Pedicels rather short. Sepals veiy aciite, at least 4 lines long, bright-green
and glabrous outside like the rest of the plant, woolly-liairy inside. Petals
narrow, about \ in. long. Fruit about \ in. long and f in. broad, including
the wings, truncate rather than cordate at the base ; the cocci glabrous or
very sliglitly haiiy, bordered by broad, vertical, semicircular, membranous
wings, and smooth between the wings and on the sides.

N. Australia. Hammersley range, f. Greyory.

7. T. hirsutus, Benth. Ashrub allied to T. plntypterus and considered
by F. Mueller as a variety, but the branches, leaves, aiid iuflorescence are liir-
sute with long fine spreading hairs ; the flowers are rather smaller ; the sepals
hirsute outside, not woolly inside, but hirsute along tlie mi(hlle with straight
hairs ; the wings of the fruit form rounded auricles at the base, giving the
outline a cordate form ; and the cocci are prominently reliculate, ahnost mu-
ricate, both on the back between the wings and on tlie sides n(!xt to the ad-
joining cocci.

VOL. I. U

290 XXVI. ZYQ0PHYLLE.€. [TrUjulus.

N. Australia. Nichol Bay, F. Gregory.

8. T. pentandrus, Benth. A slender, prostrate, branching annual,
often attainiiii;- 1 l't. in lengtli, more or less hairy. Leaves all alternate, with

2 pairs of ohlong-hxnceokte leattets, the terniinal ones 4 to 8 lines long, the
lower pair ranch smaller, nsually not half the size. Flowers suiall, on slender
pedicels. Petals oblong. Stamens usually 5 with globuh\r or ovoid perfect
anthers,and 5 small with imperfect capitate anthers,or eutirely wanting. Ovulcs
solitary in each cell of the ovary. Fruit pyramidal, 1 to l^ lines long, witli 2
small tubercles at the base of each coccus. — Tribulojns pentaudra, R. Br. in
App. Sturt, Exped. 7 ; F. Muell. Fragm.i. 48.

N. Anstralia. Victoria river and Sea Rauge, F. Mueller ; islauds of the Gulf of Car-
peutaria, Ji. Brotcn.

9. T, bicolor, F. Muell. Pl. Fict. i. 99. A prostrate annual, ofien
attainiug 1 ft. or more, pubescent or hairy. Leaves all alternate, witli 2 or 3
pairs of rather broad leafiets, 2 to 4 lines long, nearly equal, the lowest pair
usually close to the stem, glabrous except the ciliate margins. Flowers small,
on rather short pedicels. Petals oblong, red at tlie base according to F.
Mueller, but the difference of colour does not show in the dried state. Sta-
mens usually 5 with small short anthers, and 5 with linear autliers, some of them
occasionally imperfect. Ovules solitary in each cell of the ovary. Fruit
pyratnidal, about 2 lines long, |uibesceut, with 2 pairs of tubercles below the
niiddlc of cach coccus. — Tribulopis bicolor, F. Mucll. Fragra. i. 47.

N. Australia. Saudy shores of tlic Victoria river, F. Mueller. This specics nppcars
to me to be iuuch more uearly allied to T. Solandri than the T. anyustifolius.

10. T. Solandri, F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 99 (partly). An annual, with
prostrate or ascending stems, pubescent or nearly ghnbrous. Leaves alter-
nate ; leaflets usually 3 pairs, rarely 2 ])airs, obliquely ovate or oblong-falcate,

3 to G liues long, the lowest pair distant from the stem and nearly of the size
of the others, all ghibrous except the ciliate raargins or slightly hairy, those
of the upper leaves sometiuies narrower and lanceohite. Flowers small.
Stamens usually all perfect, with small anthers. Fruit pyramidal, about 3
lines long, glabrous or slightiy tomentose, with 2 pairs of prominent
reflexed tubercles below the middle of each coccus. — Tribulupis Solandri, K.
Br. in App. Sturt, Exp. 7.

N. Australia. Victoria river and Gilbcrt rivcr, F. Mueller.
Queensland. Eiideavour river, Banks ; Lizard island, M'GiUivray.

11. T. angustifolius, Beuth. An annual or according to some speci-
mens forming a perennial rootstoek, with procural)ent, ascending, or erect
stems, glabrous or silky-pubescent. Leaves all alternate ; leaflets 4 or 5
pairs or sometimes more, linear, attaining 1 in. in length, more or less silky-
pubescent. Flowers much largcr than iu thc other species, the petals usually
exceeding ^ in. Staraens all pcrlect, with small anthers. Fruit 3 liues long,
besides the rigid persistent style wliich is about as long, with 2 minute tuber-
cles at the base of each coccus. — Tribulopis aiujnstijolia, R. Br. in App.
Sturt, Exped. 7 ; TribulojAs Solandri, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 47 (paitly) ; Tri-
bulus Solaudri, var. atujustifolia , F. Muell. Pl. Yict. i. 99.

Tribtdus!\ XXVI. ZYGOPHYLLEiE. 291

N. Australia. N.W. coast, Bi/noe ; Victoria river, F. Mueller ; islands of the Gulf
of Carpentaria, R. Brown, Ilenne.

12. T. ininutus, LeicJih. in Ihrb. F. Miiell. Pubescenl, apparently
prostrate, and more slender than any other speoies. Leaves mostly opposite,
those of eaeh pair unequal or one occasionally abortive, the larger one of 3 to
5 pairs of obovate or oblong leaflets, about 2 or rarely 3 lines long. Flowers
very small. Stamens 10, with the anthers all sirailar. Ghrads prominent.
Ovules solitary (or sometimes 2 ?) in each cell. Fruit nearly of T. Solandri,
but smaller ; each carpel bearing a pair of small, reflexcd, conical spiues
about the middle and a pair of minute tubercles lower down.

Queensland (?), Leichhardf s Expedition. This species connects the two groups,
having the opposite leaves of Tnbulus proper, with the fruit of Tribulopis.

2. NITEAIIIA, Linn.

Calyx small, 5-lobed. Petals 5, concave with inflexed points, induplicate-
valvate in the bud. Disk not prominent. Stamens 15, rarely 10 to 14, the
filaments free, without appendages. Ovary sessile, 2- to 6-celled, termina-
ting in a short thick style, wnth 2 to 6 adnate stigmas ; ovules solitary in each
cell, ascending from ])endulous funicuH, which are more or less adnate to
their inner face. Fruit a drupe, with a berry-like sarcocai-p ; putamen ovoid-
acute, hard, marked outside with iiTegular depressions, and opening at the
top in 6 short, pointed valves, of which 3 inner ones smaller. Secds soli-
tary, pendulous, without albumen. — Kigid shrubs, often thorny. Leaves al-
ternate or chistered, undivided, succulent. Stipulcs small. Flowers small,
white, in once- or twice-forked scorpioid cymes.

The genus, besides the widely-spread Australian spccics, coniprises one other from Northcru
Africa. The raphc of the seed is described as dorsal by Spach, but we have always fouud it
ventral in the ovary, although the seed sometimes hangs obliquely.

1. N. Schoberi, Lirin. ; DC.Prod. iii. 456. A rigid spreading shrub,
attaining 3 to 6 ft., giabrous or hoary with a very minute down, the smaller
branches occasionally spinescent. Leaves from cuneate-oblong to Lanceolate
or linear, the lovver ones obtuse and often 1 in. long, those of the smaller
branches smaller and more acute, all entire, thick and fleshy. Cymes usually
shortly peduncidate, the flowers sessile or shortly pedicellate along the scor-
pioidbranches. Petals about 1| lines long. Ovary 3-celled. Drupe varying
fi-om ovoid-globuhir to ovoid-oblong, the putamen from \ to niore tlian \ iu.
long, the depressions in the low'er part round or oblong, the iipper part
marked vvith 6 furrows, along which the valves ultimately open. Only 1 seed
or verv rarely 2 come to maturity.— Andr. Bot. Eep. t. 529 ; N. Billardieri,
DC. Prod. iii. 456 ; F. Muell. PL Vict. i. 92, t. Suppl. 7 ; N. Olivieri, Jaub.
aiul Spach, III. Pl. Or. iii. 143, t. 295 ; Zi/yophyUum amtralasicum, Miq. in
Pl. Preiss. i. 164.

N. S. Wales. Darling and Murrumbidgce rivers, Dallachy and Goodwin.

Victoria. Saliue tracts on the Murray river, aud in the N.W. part of Ihe colony, F.
Mueller.

S. Australia. Goosc Island bay, jR. Brotcn ; along the coast, and iiorllnvard to Lal<e
Torreus, F. Mueller and othtrs.

u 2

292 XXVI. ZYGOPHYLLE^. [NUraria,

"W. Australia, Brummond, n. 227 ; Cornac Islaiid, PreUs, n. 2397 ; Murchisou
river, Oldjield, aiul iii several other collections.

The species is sprcad ovcr the hot, more or less saliiie, tracts of western Asia and iiorthcm
Africa. A careful examination lcaves uo doubt of the identity so oftea suggestcd of thc
Australiau and northcru plants.

3, ZYGOPHYLLUM, Linn.

Sepals 4 or 5. Petals as many, flat, contracted into a sliort claw. Disk
concave, angular or cup-sliaped. Stamens twice as many as petals, inserted
at the base of the disk ; filaments filiform, with an ailiiatc scale or wing-like
appendage at the base, which however is wauting in some of the Aus-
tralian species. Ovary sessile, 4- or 5-angled, narrowed at the top into au
angular style, 4- or 5-celled, with 2 or more superposed ovules in each cell.
Fruit capsular, with 4 or 5 angles or vertical wings, indehiscent or separa-
ting into cocci or opening loculicidally, the endocarp sometimes separating.
Seeds 1 or more in each cell, pendulous ; albumen scanty. — Shrubs or
undershi'ubs, often prostrate. Leaves opposite, with 2 distinct leaflets or
rarely 2-lobed, frequently fleshy. Stipules small. Peduncles 1-flowered, axil-
lary, soHtary or rarely 2 together. Flowcrs wliite or yellow.

A considerablc and widely-spread genus, thongh confined, with oue exception, to the Old
World, and chiefly numerous in the desert or saline rcgions of central and wcstern Asia,
North and South Africa. The Australian species are all endemic.

Filaracnts wingcd at the base. Capsule angular, loculicidal.

Cajjsulc broad aud truucatc at ihe top, the angles usually pro-

(luccd iuto short appendages. Flowers mostly 5-merou3 . 1. Z. ajnculatum.
Ca))sule equally rounded at thc top and the base.

Capsulc 4 to S liucs loug, thc cells 2- to 4-seeded. "Wings of

the fdaments toothed. Kiowcrs usually 4-merous . . . 2. Z. glaucescen^.
Capsule 2 to 3 liues long, the cclls 1-secded. Wings of thc

tilaments small aud entire. Flowers usudly 5-mcrous . . 3. Z. iodocarpum.
Capsulc oblong, the anglcs produced at the top into erect

a[)pendages 4. Z. prismatothecum.

Filaments subulatc, not wingcd.

Ca])sule angular, loculicidal, broad and truncate at the top, narrow

at the base 5. Z. Billardieri.

Capsulc indchiscent, the angles produced into broad membranous

wings 6. Z.fruticulosum.

Varictics with leaves 2-lobed instcad of 2-foliolate occur in Z. iodocarpum, Z. prismato-
thecum, Z. Billardicri, and Z.fruticulosum ; with lobed or crenate leallets in Z. f/latlces-
cens and Z. iodocarpum ; aud foi'ms or states with minute flowers iu several of the species.

1. Z. apiculatum, F. Muell. in Linn^a, xxv. 373, and Pl. Vict.x. lOL
A diff"use, ghibrous undcrshrub. Leaflets 2, obliquely obovate or rarely ob-
long, i to 1 in. loug, on a short cominon petiok\ Flowers usually 5-merous.
Fihimeuts with rather broad wings, achuUc to above the middle aud toothed
at the top. Capsulc about 4 lines long, o|)euing locuHcidally, broader and
truncate at the top, the angles vcry obtuse, aiid produced at the upper outer
corner into a short obtuse appendage. Seeds usually soHtary in each ceU. —
Roeperalutifolm, Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 60 ; Zygophjllani terminale, Turcz. in
BuU. Mosc. 185 8, i. 437.

Queensland. Mackcnzieand Dawson rivers, F. Mueller (a very small-flowered varicty).

ZygophjUim?\ xxvi. zygopiiylle.f.. S9S

N. S. Wales. Molle's Plains, A. Cunninfjham.

Victoria. Along the Murray river, from the Murrumbidgee downwards, F. Mueller.
Tasmania. Islands of Bass's Straits, Giinn.

S. Australia. Broughton river, Flinders Range, Spencer's Gulf, F. Mueller ; Stevenson
river, M^Douall Stiiart.

W. Australia, Drummond, hih ColL, n. 90 ; towards Shai'ks Bay, Oldfield.

2. Z. glaucescens, JF. Muell. Fl. Vict. i. 228. Herbaceous, diffuse or
erect and glabrous. liCaves of 2 broad leaflets as in Z. ajjiculatum, the pe-
tiole occasionally winged at tlie base. Flowers usually 4-merous. Filaments
with toothed wings as in Z. apiculatum. Capsule usually above \ in. long,
opening loculicidally, the angles equally rounded at the top and the base.
Sceds 2 or 3 or soraetimes 4 or 5 iu each cell. — Z. glaucum, F. Muell. ia
Trans. Vict. Inst. i. 29, and Pl. Vict. i. 102 ; not of Sonder.

N. S. 'Wales. Erskine river, A. Cunningham ; Lachlau river, Fraser ; Darling river,
Eerb. F. Mueller.

Victoria. Subsaline deserts on the Murray, "Wimmera, and Avoca rivers, F. Mueller.

S. Australia. Barossa Range, St. Vinceut's and S[)encer's Gulf, Venus Bay, F.
Mueller.

Var. lohidatim. Leaflets irregularly 2- or 3-lobed or deeply crenate. Flowers and fruit
precisely as in the ordinary form. — Z. crenaium, F. Muell. in Liunfea, xxv. 374, and Pl.
Vict. i. 103, t. 6. On the Lachlau and Murray rivers, and in the interior of S. Australia,
F. Mueller.

3. Z. iodocarpum, ¥. Muell. in Linncsa, xxv. 372, and Pl. Vict. i.
105." A small, much-branched, difFuse annual. Leaflets oblong-cuneate or
almost linear, very obtuse, rarely \ in. long, the petiole often 2-winged, espe-
cially towards the top. Flowers very sraall, usually 5-merous, the petals not
2 lines long. Filaments dilated at the l^ase into short, narrow, entire wings,
entirely adnate or very shortly free. Capsule 2 or rarely 3 lines long, loculi-
cidal, the augles equally rounded at the top and the base. Seeds solitary in
each cell.

N. S. 'Wales. Belween the Darling and the Lachlan rivers, Burkiit.
Victoria. Ou the MuiTay river below the Murrumbidgce, F. Mueiler.
S. Australia. Flinders Kange and uear Lake Torrens, F. Mueller.
Var. lobulatum. Leaflets irrcgularly 2- or 3-lobed or toothed.
"W. Australia. Charapion Bay, Oldfieid.

y&r. bilobum. Leaflets continuoiis witb tlie petiole, as in Z. p-ismaiothecum. Capsule
ratber longer than iu the other varieties. W. Australia, Drummond.

4. Z. prismatothecumji'^. J/?fe//.mZi«w<?rt,xxv.375. Amuch-branched,
small annual. Leaves rather thick, the leaflets, iu the few specimens seen,
short and confluent with the more or less dOated petiole, so as to form a
single 2-lobed leaf. Flowers, which I have not seen, small and 4-merous, ac-
cording to F. Mueller, the filaments dilated at the base and toothed or
entire. Capsules nearly sessile, oblong, 4-angular, about 4 lines long, of
equal breadth at the base and the top where tlie angles terminate in small
erect leafy appendages. Seeds solitary in each cell.

5. Australia. Dry hills near Arkaba, F. Mueller. The very few specimens seen have
all the foliage of the 2-lobed varieties of Z. iodocarpum, Z. Billardieri and Z.fruticulosum,
but as in those species there is probably also a variety with normally 2-foliolate leaves.

5. Z. Billardieri, JDC. Prod. \. 705. Ilerbaceous, prostrateor diffuse
and niuch-branched. Leaflets oblong, cuneate or linear, rarely obovate, \ to

2-94 XXVI. ZYGOPHYLLE^. [Zi/gopJiyllum.

1 iii. long, the petioles not nsually winged. Flowers usually 4-merous, tlie
size of those o^ Z. aplculatum. Sepals narrow, very acute. Petals about 3
liues long. Filaments sul)ulate or sliglitly flattened, but not winged. Cap-
sule 3 to 5 lines long, loculicidal, broad and truucate at the top, narrowed to
the base, the angles acute or shortly pointed or scarcely rounded at thc
upper outer corner. Seeds 1 or rarely 2 iu each cell. — Hook. f. Fl. Tasiu.
i. 60 ; F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 104. ; Roepera BUlardien, A. Juss. in Mera.
Mns. Par. xii. 454 (by inference); Z. ammopldlum, F. Muell. in Liunsea, xxv.
376, in adnot.

Victoria. Coast rocks and drift sands froin Port Pliillip to the Glenelg, and on thc
lower Murray river, F. Mueller.

Tasmania. Islands of Bass's Straits, U. Broivn, Guyin, and others.

5. Australia. Spencer's Gnlf, Goose Island Bay and Kangaroo Island, 7J. Bromi ;
soutlicru shores and towards Lake Torrens, F. Mueller ; Cooper's Creek, A. Gregory.

"SfJ. Australia. From Kiug George's Sound to Swan River aud Champiou Bay,
Drummond, Oldjjeld, and others.

Var. hilohum. Leaflets narrow, continuons with the petiole, as in Z. prismatothecum.
Ou the Murray river and Holdfast Bay, F. Mueller.

A minute-flowered form occurs also on the Murray and in West Australia.

6. Z. fruticulosum, BC. Prod. i. 705. A low ditfuse or divaricately-
branched shrub. Leallets obliquely oblong or lanceolate, rarelyovate. Fiowers
4-merous, the size of those of Z. apiculatnm. Filaments subulate, without
wings. Capsule ^ iu. long, indehiscent, or at length separating septicidally
into cocci opening inside, the angles expanded into broad merabranous
wings, rounded at both ends and not splitting. Seeds solitary in each cell.
— F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 105 ; Rcepera fabagifoUa, A. Juss. iu Mcra. Mus.
Par. xii. 525, t. 15 ; Deless. Ic. Sel. iii. t. 42; Miq. in PI. Preiss. i. 164.

y^. Australia. Arthur's Head, Swan Rivcr, Preiss, n. 1953 ; Port Gregory and
Murchison river, Oldfield.

Var. hilohnm. Leaflets narrow, continuous with the petiole, as in Z. prismatothecum.—
Rcepera aurantiaca, Lindl. in Mitch. Three Exped. ii. 70 ; Z. auranliacum, F. Muell. in
Linnrea, xxv. 370 (uote).

N. S. Wales, Mitchcll ; Darling river, Goodwin and DaUachy.

Victoria. Murray Dcsert, from the Murrumbidgtc dowuwards, F. Mueller.

S. Australia. From Spencer's Gulf, Warburton, to Fliuders Rauge and Lakc Torrcns,
F. Miu-ller.

W. Australia. Dirk Hartog's Island, J. Cunninyham.

Var. (?) plafyplerum. Leatlets obovate, as in the broad-leaved specimens of Z. glaucum.
Fruifs wiuged, as in Z.fruticulosum, but very much larger, attaiiiiiig more thau 1 in. diamcter.
Port Jackson, Leichhardt {Herb. F. Mueller). The specimeu insulhcicut for accurate diaguosis.

Order XXVII. GERANIACE^.

Flowers usually lierraaphrodite, regidar or irregidar. Sepals 5, or rarcly
fewer, free, or rarely connate at the base, irabricate or (in genera not Aus-
tralian) valvatein the bud. Petals as many or rarely wanting, liypogynous or
slightly perigynous, variously ind)ricate in tlie bud. Torus raore or less ex-
j)an(h"(l into a disk, ofteu beariug 5 glands alternate with the petals, and
usually prolruding iuto a sliort axis in the ccutre of the ovary. Staraens
usually twieetlie nund)er of the petals, 5 of them occasioually without anthers,

XXVIl. GERANIACEiE. 295

or riulimentaiy, or in irregiilar flowers, 3 or more without anthers or wanting ;
filanients either free and tiliform, or dilated or connate at the basc ; antbers
with 2 parallel cells. Ovary usually 3- to 5-lobed, with as many cells, the
carpels adnate to the axis up to the insertion of the ovules, and often pro-
dueed above that into a beak bearing the style or stigraas ; stigmas as many
as cells, either raised on the style or sessile on the carpels, radiating from a
connate base or rarely entirely connate. Ondes either 1 in each cell or 3
inserted nearly at the same point, 1 ascending, the other pendulous, or several
in 1 or 2 rows. Fruit either a lobed capsule, the lobes 1-seeded, separating
from the axis with the seed, and elastically roUed upwards along the beak,
leaving the placentiferous portion attached to the axis, or the lobes several-
seeded, remaining attached to the axis, but opening loculicidally, or, in genera
not Australian, the fruit is a berry or separates into indehiscent cocci. Seeds
pendidous or ascending ; testa thin or rarely crustaceous ; albumen usually
scanty or none. Embryo straight or curved, radicle short and straight or
long and curved or forked over the cotyledons. — Herbs or shrubs, or rarely
(in genera not Australian) trees. Leaves opposite or alternate, toothed,
lobed, or divided, very rarely quite entire. Stipules usually 2. Peduncles
axillary, 1- or 2-flowered, or bearing an umbel of several flowers, very rarely a
cyme or raceme.

The Order is chiefly dispersed over the teniperate regions of the northeru hemisphere,
very abundaut in Southern Africa, with a few extratropical South American and tropical
species. Of the four Australian genera, two are common in the northern hemisphere,
a third, although chiefly American.is represented in Australia by species of an extratropical
European as well as American type, and the fourth is ahnost entirely South African. The
Order is very closely allied to Zygophyllea.

Capsule beaked, the lobes 1-seeded, and elasticaUy rolled upwards along the beak. Leaves
toothed, lobed, or divided.
riowers regular.

Anthers usualiy 10. Tails of the carpels glabrous iuside . . 1. Geranium.

Authers 5. Tails of the carpels bearded inside 2. Erouium.

Flowers irregular, with a linear tube or spur adnate to the pedicel.

Anthers 5, 6, or 7 3. Pelaugonium.

Capsule openiug loculicidally, the valves ailhering to the axis. Leaves

with 3 leaflets 4. Oxalis.

1. GERANIUM, Linn.

riowers regular. Sepals 5. Petals 5. Glands 5, alternating with the
petals. Stamens 10, all usually bearing anthers. Ovary 5-lobed, beaked, the
beak terminatiug in the style, with 5 short stigmatic lobes. Ovules 2 iu
each cell. Capsule-lobes 1-seeded, separating from thc phncenta-bearing axis,
enclosing the seed, and curled upwards ou a long awn detached froni tlie beak,
and glabrous inside. Iladicle of the embryo turned back on the folded or
convolute cotyledons. — lierbs, rarely underslu-ubs. Leaves opposite or alter-
nate, toothed, lobed, or divided, tlie lobes or segments palmate, or rarely (in
species not Australian) pinnate. Peduncles axillary or iu the forks, l- or 2-
flowered.

A large gcnus, widely distributed over ucarly thc wholc globc, but more abundant in thc
northern hcinisphere, aud rare withiu thc tropics. lioth the Anstraliau specics aie also in
New Zcalaud and S. Anicrica, and oue of them cvtends np thc wholc lcugth of that con-

296 XXVII. GERANiACEyE. \_Geranmm.

tiuL-nt to the N.W., and iii a slight variety also over most temperate parts of the northcrn
heinisphere. Ncithcr of theni occurs in S. Africa.

Flowering-stems elongated and leafy. Secds reticnlate • . . \. G. dlssectum.
Flowering-stems midevcloped or short. Secds quite suiooth . . 2. (?. sessilifiorutn.

Besides these, G. molle, T;inn. ; DC. Prod. 16-13, a European aunual weed, with orbicular
lcaves divided to the middle only, sniall flowers with decply notched petals, wrinkled capsule-
lobes, and sniooth seeds, has established itself in some parts of Tasmania.

1. G. dissectum, Liim. ; DC. Prod. i. 643, var. australe. UsiinUy
perennial, fornnng at lengtli a tliick rootstock, descending into a taproot.
Stems (liffuse, procumbent or shortly erect, more or less hairy with spreading
or retlexed hairs, or lioary with a shoii pubescence. Leaves on long petioles,
nearly orl)icular in their circumscription, deeply divided into 5 or 7 segments,
each onc again more or less cut iuto 3 or more lobes, varying from broadly
cuneate-oblong to linear, and usually pubescent or hairy, especially under-
neath. Peduucles 2-iiowered, or rarely 1- or 3-flowered. Sepals 3-uervcd,
obtuse, acute, or very shortly mucronate ; usually 2 or 3 lines long. Petals
cuneate-obovate, entire or slightly notched, from rather longer than the sepals
to twice as loug. Authers all perfect. Lobes of the capsule sprinkled with
hairs, uot wrinkled. Seeds covered with miuute reticulatious or rarely smooth.
— Hook. f. Fl. N. Zeal. i. 39, aud Fl. Tasm. i. 56; F. Muell. Pl. Yict. i.
173 ; G. pihsinn, Forst. ; DC. Prod. i. 642 ; Nees, in Pl. Preiss. i. 162;
G. parviflornvi, Wilhl. ; DC. Prod. i. 642 ; G. philouothum, DC. Prod. i. 639
(frora the character given) ; G. potentilloides, L'Her., DC. Prod. i. 639 ;
Uook. f. Fl. N. Zeal. i. 40 ; FL Tasm. i. 57 ; G. amtrule, Nees, iu Pl. Preiss.
i. 162.

N. S. \?^ales. Port .Tackson, R. Brown ; common in the colony extendiug northwards
to Ncw Englaud, C. Stiiart ; and Clarencc rivcr, Beckler.

Victoria. Fort Phillip, U. Brown ; frcqueut throughout the colony, ascendiugtoalpine
situations, F. MueUer.

Tasmania. Abundnnt throughout the eolony, /. B. Hooker.

S. Australia. Common iu the colony, F. Mueller.

■W. Australia, Lrininnond, Preiss,n. 1900, 1907; Old/ield mi others.

Tlie original form of G. dissertum, as generally difFuscd ovcr the temperate regions of Ihe
norlhcru hciiiispherc, iu the Old Worhl, is an annuai, with tlie petals very rarcly excceding
the scpiils, aud the sccds vcry promiuently reticuhatc. lu the eastern l'nited States of
N. America, under the name of G. carolinianum, Ivinn., it is also anuual or bicnuial, l)uthas
thc |)ct;ils otten rather largcr and thc reticuhitious of the sceds are finer and lcss prdminent.
West of tlie Hoeky .Mouutains the stock oft(ni appcars to bc pcrcniiial, aud thcu it is uudis-
tiugiiishable from some Australian forms. Tlie commoiicst Australian form is frc(iuciitly sent
from cxtratropical S. Amcriea, aiid extcnds all aloiig llic mouiitainous regions of that conti-
nent to Mcxico aud thc Hocky Mountains, often appareutly (ogethcr with and passing iuto
the nortliern annual variety. The Australian i^lant again, both in that couutry and in
New Zcahmd, is vcry variable, and may bc gcnerally subdivided into two prineipal races,
although I have, aftcr repcatcd trials, found it impossible to distribute our uumerous speci-
mens qiiitc satisfaetorily iuto the two groups, viz. : —

a. pilosum. Iloot tiiick. Stems ercct, ascending or procumbcnt, usually hirsute.
Secds strongly reticulate.

b. potentilloides. Root and stock less thickened. Stems more slcnder and prostrate,
less hairy, and usually only slightly hoary with more apprcssed pubesccnce. Seeds niore
fiiicly rcticulatc, or raicly airnost smooth. To tbis varicty bck)iigs gencrally thc G.potentil-
loides of authors, aud G. australe, Nces. It aiipears to 1)0 rathcr the more conmiou form in
the East, whilst thc vaT.pilosum is morc frequent in thc Wcst. But botharcfouud through-
out cxtratropical Australia.

Geraniim.] xxvii. GERANlACEiE. 297

2. G. sessiliflorum, Cav. Diss. 198, t. 77, /. 2. Perennial, witli tlie
rootstock tliick, descending into a taproot. Hairs of the peduncles and
sepals lonj); and silky, spreading or reflexed as in the var. pilosum of G. dis-
sectnm. Leaves mostly radical, on long petioles, divided, as in G. dissectnm,
into 5 or 7 lobed segraents, Flowering-stems undeveloped or very short,
rarely as long as the leaves, very hirsute. Peduncles shoit. Sepals much
more prorainently mucronate or awned than in G. dissectnm. Petals small.
Anthers all perfect. Capsule-lobes sprinkled with liairs, not wrinkled. Seeds
perfectlv smooth or mimitelv punctiilate under a strong lens. — G. brevicaide,
Hook. Journ. Bot. i. 253 ; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 57.

Victoria. In alpine situations, F. Mueller.

Tasmania. Cominon in alpiue districts, at an elevation of 3000 to 4000 ft., J.
D. Ilool-er. Also in New Zealand, in Fuegia and Chiii. Considcred by F. Mueller as an
alpine forni of G. dlssectum, but, besides the habit, the smoothness of the seeds seems to be
constant.

2. ERODIITM, L'Her.

Flowers regular or nearly so. Sepals 5. Petals 5. Glands 5, alternating
with the petals. Stamens 5 bearing anthers, opposite the sepals, and 5 sta-
minodia, usually scale-like, alternating with them. Ovary 5-lobed, beaked, the
beak terminating in the style, Avith 5 short stigmatic lobes.. Ovuks 2 in
each cell. Capsule-lol^es 1-seeded, separating from the placenta-bearing axis,
enclosing the seed and curled upwards oii a long elastic awn, which separates
from the beak, and is usually twisted and bearded inside with long hairs.
Eadicle of the embryo tunied back on the folded or convolute cotyledons. —
Herbs or rarely undershrubs. Leaves unequally opposite or alternate, pin-
nately or rarely ternately lobed or divided. Peduncles axilhny, bearing an
umbel of several tlowers, or rarely 1-flowered.

The species are numerous in Europe, North Africa, and temperate Asia, 2 or 3 are natives
of S. Africa, aud 2 or 3 more are now widely dispersed as weeds over mauy parts of the
globe. Two of these are in Australia, one of them perhaps iudigenous, but the common
Australian species is endemic.

Leavcs of 3 lobed or divided segments, the middle one the largest . 1. ^^. cygnouim.
Leaves pinuate with deeply-lobed narrow segments 2. jE". cicutarium.

Besides thcse, E. moschatum^SAA., a coarser plant than E. cicutarium, usually smelling of
musi<, thc leaves pinnate as in that species, but with ovate, toothed, or scarcely lobed segments,
has established itself as a weed in some parts of Victoria, S. Australia, and W. Australia.

1. E. cygnorum, Nees, in Pl. Preiss. i. 162. An annual or biennial,
with the liabit of the coarser foms of E. cicidarinm, sometimes slightly pubcs-
cent, soraetimes very hispid, with the hairs of the stem spreading or reflexed.
Leaves deeply 3-lobed or divided to the base into 3 lobes or segments, usuaUy
obovate or cuneate, and more or less deeply toothed or again 3-lobed, the
central lobe larger, broader, and more lobed than the lateral ones. Plowers
bhie, usually 2 to 5 in the umbeL Sepals pointed. Petals obovate, scarcely
exceeding the calyx or shorter. Filaments broad at the base, with subulate
points ; staminodia scale-like, often toothed. Capsulc-lobes glabrous, hairy
or hispid ; beak usually above 2 in. long. — P. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 172.

Queensland. Veak Dovias, F. Afueller ; Maranoa river, iI/«Vc:A^//.

298 XXVII. GERANIACE.^E. [Urodiuni.

nr. S. TVales. Nepcan river, R. Brown ; Lachlaii aud Darling rivers, A. Cunningham,
DaUachy ; ou the Murrurabidgee, M'Arthur.

Victoria. Not rare iu inatiy parts of thc colony, F. Mueller.

S. Australia. Erom Kangaroo Island and Spcuccr's Gulf to Lal<e Torrens, and further
north, F. Mucl/cr and othcrs.

■W. Australia. Swan Rivcr, Drummond, Preiss, n. 1902; and thence to Murcliisou
river, Oldjleld.

3. E. cicutarium, Ullcr.; I)C. Prod. i. 646. Usually an anmial, htit
often fonning a deuse tuft, with a thick taproot, which may last over a secoud
year, always more or less covered witli spreadiiig hairs, which are sometinies
viscid. Stems sometimes exceetlingly short, but lengthening out to near 1 ft.
Leaves mostly radical, piuuate, the segmeuts distiuct and deeply pinnatifid,
with narrow, more or less cut lobes. Peduncles erect, bearing an uiubel of
from 2 or 3 to 10 or 12 small purple or pink flowers. Sepals pointed, about
tlie length of the obovate eutire petals. Fihnncnts aud staminodia lauceolate-
subulate. Lobes of the capsule slightly hairy, the beak ^ to l^ in. long. —
Nees, in Pl. Preiss. i. 161 ; Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ. v. t. 183.

N. S. TVales. Bctweeu the Lachlan and Darling rivcrs, Dallachy ; Twofold Bay, F.
Mueller.

Victoria. On thc Murray, and now rathcr frcquent in niany parts of thc colouy, F.
Mueller.

Tasmania. Aloug roadsides, evidently introduced, J D. Ilooker.

S. Australia. Towards Spencer's Gulf, F. Mueller.

W. Australia, Drummond, Preiss, ti. 1899.

A very common wced in Europe and temperatc Asia, and found in many othcr parts
of the world, in many cases iutroduccd, as in scvcral or pcrhaps all of the Australian
localities, but too widely s))read now to be omitted from the ^'lora, even if it be not really
indigcnous.

8. PELABGONIUM, L'He'r.

Flowers irreguhir. Sepals 5, shortly nnited at the basc and produced iuto
a tube or spur, adiiate to the pedicel. Petals 5 or fewer, the 2 upper ones
difli^rent from the others (usually larger), aud inserted on the sides of or be-
hind the spur. Disk without glands. Stamens usually 10, hjrpogynous,
sliortly uuit(Hl, 5 to 7 or rarely only 2 or 3 bearing authers, the remaiuder
without anthers or rudimentary. Ovary and fruit of Erodimn. Cotyledons
flat or folded. — llerbs, undershrubs, or shrubs. Leaves opposite or rarely
alternate, entire, toothed, lobed, or variously divided. Peduucles usually
axillary, beariug an umbel of several flowers.

A vcry largc genus, but which, with tlic cxccption of 3 N. African or Levant species and
the 2 Auslraliau oncs, is confaicd to S. Africa. Oue of the Australiau specics appears
identical w itli a S. African one, aud extends to New Zcalaud ; the othcr, whether species or
variety, is cudcmic.

Leafy stems usually elongated. Peduncles rarely twice as longas the
leaves. Petals from a little longer to half as long again as tiie
calyx ] . P. ausirale.

Stems short aud ercct. Pedunelcs much longer, erect. Petals fuUy

t\\ icc as long as thc calyx 2. P.Tlodneyantm.

1. P. australe, IVilld. ; DC. Prod. i. 654. Herbaccous, ofteu flower-
iug the flrst year, but forming a pcronuial rootstock, either horizontal and

Pelargonium.'] xxvii, geraniacej5. r^^Q

alinost creeping, or short and tliick. Leafy stems decumbent or erect, some-
times short, but usually attainiug 1 ft. or more, generally pubescent or hirsute
with spreatling hairs. Leaves reniform-cordate, or very rarely broadly ovate-
cordate, crenate, or very shortly lobed, very obtuse, rarely 2 in. diameter, and
iisually mucli smaller, softly pubescent or hirsute. • Stipules broad. Peduucles
iisually longer than the leaves, but not so long as iu P. Rodneyanmn, and
sometiraes very short. Flowers small, in an umbel, sometimes very dense,
ahnost reduced to a head, sometimes loose with pedicels of \ in. or more.
Sepals aciite, 2 to 3 lines long, usually very hairy, the decurrent tube rarely so
long, and sometimes very short. Petals from a little longer than the sepals
to about half as long again. Capsule-lobes pubescent, the beak from ^ to f
in. long, the awns of the lobes bearded inside as in Erodimn. Seeds smooth.
— Sweet, Geran. t. 68 ; Hook. f. PL Tasm. i. 57 ; F. MueE. Pl. Vict. i. 170 ;
P. glomeratnm, Jacq. ; DC. Prod. i. 659; P, inodorum, Willd. ; DC. 1. c. ;
Sweet, Geran. t. 56; P. littorale, llueg. Bot. Arch. t. 5; P. crinitum, Nees,
in PI. Preiss. i. 163; P. stenant/nm^^Turcz. in Bull. Mosc. 1858, i. 149;
P. Drummondi, Turcz. 1. c. 421 (a robust form with large flowers).

N. S. TVales. Port Jackson, R. Brown, Sieber, n. 252 ; northward to Clarence
river, Beckler, aiid New Englaud, and inland to the Blue Mountaius and Lachlan river, J.
Cnnningham and others.

Victoria. Frequent on sandy shores, desert land, river banks, niountains, etc., F.
MucUer.

Tasmania, R. Brown. Abundant iu many parts of the colony, especially near the
sea, J. D. Ilooker.

S. Australia. Chiefly near the sea, F. Mueller and others.

"W. Australia. King George's Sound, R. Brown ; and thence to Swan River, Dnan-
mond, \st CoU., CoU. ^,n. 3 91, 192, 193, etc. ; Preiss, n. 1905, 1906; Oldjield, aadi
others.

Var. erodioides ; small and sleuder, pubescent, the leaves not above i in. diameter, and
flowers sniall, the sepals varying from 1 to 2 liues. P. erodioides, Hook. Journ. 15ot.
i. 252; P. acugnaticum, Thou. ; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 58. — Tasmania, and otcasionally in
Victoria, and especially in N. S. Wales, where is also a more robust form, but with flowers
at least as smalL Thisis the P. clandestinnm, L'Her. ; Hook. i. FL N. Zeal. i. 41, aud is the
most conmiou form in New Zealand. P. acugnaticum, Thou., from Tristan d'Acuuha,
is also a form of the same species scarcely to be distinguished from the var. erodioides, aud
all these collectively cannot be separated from the S. Afiican var. anceps of P. grossularioides,
Ait., or P. anceps, Ait. But although the Australian P. australe and S. Africau P. grossu-
larioides thus coincide in this particular form, the more commou varieties are iu each case
endemic, the ordinary P. australe described above never occurring in S. Africa, wherc the
most common form is one with deeply-cut leaves, which is never to be met with in Australia.
See Harv. and Sond. FL Cap. i. 289.

2. P, Rodneyanum, Lindl. in Mitcli. Three Exped. ii. 144. A peren-
niaL forming a thick rootstock and a very short erect stem, hirsute with
spreading hairs. Leaves chiefly radicaL petioLate, from broadly orbicu]ar-cor-
date to ovate, obtuse, 1 to 2 in. long, creiiuLite and sometimes shortly lobed, gla-
brous or minutely hoary-tomentose. Peduncles erect, 4 to 8 iu. long, bearing
an umbel of 4 to 8 showy reddish-purple flowers. Sepals about 3 lines long,
rather obtuse ; the adnate calyx-tvd^e usually longer, but sometimes rather
shorter than the sepals. Petals fully twice as long as the calyx, the two upper
ones larger than the others. Fruit not seen. — F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 171, t.
suppl. 11.

300 XXVII. GERANiA-CEiE. [Pelarffonium .

Victoria. Near the Murray river, Mitchell ; Forest Creek and towards Mouiit
Alexander, F. Mueller ; in the Grampians, WUhelmi.

S. Australia. Lynedoch VaUey, Behr ; near Skipton, Whan.

"W. Australia. In the interior frotn Swan River, JDriimmond, Roe. In these spe-
ciniens the leaves are more deciJedly cordate, ahnost reniform.

The species much resemhles in hahit aud flowers, and in the shape of the foliage P.
reniforme, Curt., from South Africa, hut wants the dense whitish velvcty tomeutum of the
uuder side of the leaves of that species. F. Mueller thinks it a variety only of P. australe,
hut of that we have not as yet sufficient evidence to justify the union.

4. OXALIS, Linn.

Flowers regular. Sepals 5. Petals 5. Disk without glands. Stamens 10,
free or united at the base, all bearing anthers. Ovaiy 5-lobed, 5-celled,
without any beak or witli a very short oue ; styles 5, with terminal stionias,
capitate or lobed ; ovules 1, 2, or several iu each cell. Capsule opeiiing
loculicidally, the valves persistent ou the axis. Seeds with an outer lleshy
coatiug, openiug elastically, with the appearauce of au arillus ; testa crus-
taceous ; albumeu fleshy ; embryo straight. — Ilerbs. Leaves alternate or
radical, corapouud ; leatlets 3, digitate, or, in species not Australian, 3 or
more and pinnate. Stipules scale-like or none. Peduncles axillary or radical,
1-flowered or beariug an uuibel of several flowers.

A large genus, especially ahundant in South America and extratropical South Africa, with
a very few species widely dispersed over the temperate or tropieal regioiis of the glohc. Of
the two Australian species, one is common to New Zeahnid and Autarctic America, and
perhaps not different froin a common uorthcrn onc, the other is a widely-spread weed iu va-
rious pai'ts of the world.

Flowers white. Peduncles radical, 1-flowered 1. O.magellanica.

Flowers sinall, yellow. Stem clongated. Peduncles axillary, 1- or

more-ilowered 2. 0. corniculata.

1. O. magellanica, Forst. ; DC. Frod. i. 700. Eootstock shortly
creeping, slender, but ofteu knotted with thickened scale-like persistent sti-
pules. Leaves radical, spriukled witli a few hairs ; leaflets 3, obcordate, of a
delicatc greeu, ou a long common petiole. Peduucles radical, long aud
sleuder, bearing a siugle rather large white flower, with a pair of uarrow
bracts above the middle. Sepals small, ovate, obtuse, thin. Petals obovate,
4 to 6 liues loug. Capsule ovoid, with 1 or 2 shiuing black seeds in each cell.
— Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 59 ; Fl. N. Zeal. i. 42, t. 13 ; F. Muell. PI. Vict. i.
176; 0. lactea, Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. i. 276, and Jouru. Bot. ii. 416;
O. cataractee, A. Cunn. ; Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 418.

Victoria. Hnmid subalpine forests aud alpine streams in thc westcrn parts of Gipps'
Land, at an elevatioii of 2500 to 5000 ft., F. Mneller.

Tasmania. Mountain woods aud strcams in various parts of thc colony at an clevation
of 1500 to 3000 l"t., J. D. Uooker.

The species is also in New Zealand and in Fuegia and S. Chili. Some of the Victoriaix
spccimens cau also scarcely he distinguishcd froin the O. Acetosella, Linn., a widely-spread
spccies iu thc tempcrate or niouutainous regions of the northcrn hcmispherc. The stipules
are ratiicr larger, the hracts longer and narrowcr, and thc h^atiets more decply notched, the
minute glandular appcndage iu tlie notch beiug oftcn more or less visiblc in thc northern
plant. The Tasmauian form, likc the New Zealand aiid S. Americau ones, is smaller and
more stunted.

Oxalis.] XXVII. GERANIACEiE. 301

2. O. corniculata, Lim. ,- DC. Prod. i. 692. A decurabent, prostrate
or ascending, much-branclied, delicate perennial or sometimes annnal, more or
less pubescent, of a pale green, froni a few inches to a foot long. Stipular
scales small, adnate to the petiole. Leaves alteraate ; leaflets 3, broadly ob-
cordate, usualiy 3 or 4 lines long, but sometimes half that size. Peduncles
axillary, about the length of the petioles, bearing an umbel of several small
yellow flowers, rarely reduced to 1 or 2, on reflexed pedicels. Capsule coluran-
like, often above ^ in. long, with several seeds in each cell, rarelv shovt and
few-seeded.— Eeichb. Ic. Fl. Germ. v. t. 199; Wight, Ic. t. 18; Hook f. Fl.
Tasm. i. 59 ; P. MueU. Pl. Vict. i. 177 ; 0. microphyUa, Poir. ; DC. Prod.
i. 692 ; O . pereymans, Haw. ; DC. 1. c. 691 (from the character given) ; 0.
Preissia>ia and 0. cognata, Steud. in Pl. Preiss. i. 160.

Queensland. Islands of the coast as well as on the maiuland, Keppel Bay, R. Brotcn ;
reicy Islaud, A. Cunningham and others ; and iu the iuterior as far north as the Burdekin,
F. Mueller, Mitchell, etc.

N. S.^^Vales. Port Jackson, and northward to Clarence and Hastings rivers, Beckler ;
southward to Twofold Bay, F. Mueller ; and in the iuterior.

Victoria. Comuion throughout the colony, except the alpine tracts, F. Mueller.

Tasmania. Common in pastures, waste places, etc, throughout the island, J. B.
Hooker.

S. Australia. Extending over the colony inlaud to Lofty Range, F. Mueller and
others.

TV. Australia. From the S. coast to Swan Eiver, Drummond,Freiss,3i. 1915, 1916,
and others ; and to Murchison river, Olclfeld.

Order XXVIII. RUTACE^.

Plowers regular and hermaphrodite, or very rarely unisexual. Calyx
usually small, 4- or 5-Iobed, or divided into as many distinct imbricate
sepals, rarely large, or witli fewer or more uumerous or valvate lobes. Petals
of the sarae nuraber as sepals, free or rarely cohering, hypogynous or slightly
perigynous, imbricate or valvate in the bud. Stamens usually free, either equal
in number to the petals and alternate with them, or double the nuuiber, or
rarely more nuraerous, when twice as raany as petals the sepalinc ones (those
opposite the sepals) usually longer than the others. Anthers usually versatile,
with 2 parallel cells opening longltudiually, tlie connective occasionally tipped
by a gland or projecting appendage. Tonis usually more or less thickened
into an entire crenate or lobed disk, within the stamens, under or round tlie
ovaiy. Gyncecium of 4 or 5, rarely more or fewer carpels, more or less united
iuto a single lobed or entire ovary, or rarely quite distinct, with one cell to
each carpel. Styles as raany as carpels, either free at the base but iniited
upwards, or united from the base ; stigma terrainal, entire or lobed. Ovules
usually 2 iu each cell, superposed or rarely collateral or solitary, or raore than
2; the raicropyle superior. Fnut separating into 2-valved or rarely indehis-
cent cocci, or the carpels imited in an indehiscent berry or drupe, or rarely
in a loculicidally dehiscent capsule, the endocarp frequently separating from
tlie pericai-p. Seeds usually solitary in each cell ; testa crustaceous and often
shining, or rarely coriaceous or raeuibranaceous ; albumen fieshy or none.
Erabryo straight or curved, large in proportion to the seed ; cotyledons flat
or rarely folded ; radicle superior. — Trees or shrubs, very rarely herbs, marked

302 XXVIII. RUTACE^.

with glandular poUucid dots on the leaves and other thin hevbaceous parts.
Indumentum usually stellate, if any. Leaves opposite or alteruate, simple or
compound, entire or rarely toothed or lobcd. Stipules none. Flowers axillary
or terminal, solitaiy, clustered, cymose, or paniculate, very rarely raccmose
and seldom if ever spicate.

A large Order, ranging over the hottcr and teinperatc rcgions of the whole world, but
chietty almndaut within the tropics, in South Africa aiid in Australia. Auiong thc Austra-
lian ijcnera, the large tribe of Boroniea is eutircly eudeinic, with the exception of oue New
Zeahiud aiid onc New Calcdonian species. The monotvpic genera, Bosistoa, Medicosma,
and Pentaceras, and the small genus Geijera, arc also eudeniic. Melicope extends to the
Pacific islauds, and thc remaiuing geuera rauge ovcr tropical Asia, three of thera cxtcudiug
into Africa. Zantlio.rylum alone, a widcspread tro])ical genus, is common to Amcrica and
Australia, and even here the Australiau speeies belong to the exclusively Australasian scctiou
Blackburnia.

DilRcult as it is to distinguish Rutacere by well-marked floral or carpological characters
from Geraniacece, Zi/goplii/lleie, or Siinarubecc, thcy are so rcadily knowu by thcir dotted
cxstipulate leaves, that the ambiguous genera are rcmarkably few. Tbcy havc usually been
distributed into 3 or 4 Orders, UutacecE (including or not Diosmece), Zanthoxijteep, aud
Aurantiece, upon characters which break down upou a close scrutiny ; the ToddaliecB
being mnch nearer to thc Aurantiece i)A?in. to the Zanthoxylece proper, which again have only
vague difrcrcnces to distinguish them from Boroniec?. ^Ve thercfore, in our ' Gciicra Phm-
tarnm,' proposed the union of the whole iuto 1 Order, divided into 2 serics, accordiug as
ihe ovary is lobcd or entire, and subdivided iiito 7 tribcs, of which 4 only are Australiau.

Tribe I. Boroniese. — Shrubs, very rarely arborescent. Leaves simple, Z-fotioIate or
rarely pinnaie, wilh opposite small leajlets. Ovary lobed. Fruit separating into distinct,
%-valved cocci. Eiidocarp separating elastically. Seeds albuminous. Embryo usually
terele.
Lcaves opposite (except in onc Zieria) simple or compound.

Petals 4, uuited or coiinivcut in a cyliudrical or campanulatc

corolla. Leaves petiolate, simple 12. Correa.

Petals 4, free, spreading.

Stamens 4, iuserted ou 4 promineut glands or lobes of tlic disk 1. Zieria.
Stamcns 8. Disk without promiucnt glands (cxceptiug B. te-

trandra) 2. Boronia.

Pctals 5, rarely more, free, spreading 3. Ackadenia.

Lcavcs alteruatc, simple.

Flowers iu dense peduneulate reftexed heads. Stamens much ex-
serted.
Hracts subulate. Sepals 5. Petals narrow. Leavcs lobcd . 14. ChokiL/EN.\.
Bracts ovate or hiuceohate, uumcrous aud imbrieate. Sepals 0.

Petals vcry narrow. Lcavcs cutire 15. DiploL/Ena.

(See also BhcbaUum Ralstoni.)
Flowcrs distiiict or in sessile, erect hcads.

Pctals uuited or coniiivcut in a tubular corolla 13. Nematolepis.

Pctals frcc. Stamens twicc as many, mouadclphous.

Stamens all pcrfect 9. PiiiLoruECA.

Stamens 5 perfcct, .5 without anthcrs 10. Drummoniiita.

Petals free. Stamens twice as maiiy, frcc.

Calyx iiiconspicnous or uone. Petals iiuluplicalc-valv;itc,

tomcntose outside , ... 11. Asterolasia.

Calyx disliiRt but shurler Ihau the pctals.

Pctals broad, much imbricate, uot scurfy, withuut inllcxcd
tips. Filaments hairy.

Anthcrs minutcly or not at all apiculatc 5. Eriostejion.

Authcrs tipped with loiig, horn-likc, hairy appeiidagcs . 4. Crowea.

XXVIII. RUTACE/E. 303

Petals valvate or slightly imbricate, with inflexed valvate
tips, glabrous or scaly.
Ovary of 5, rarely fewer carpels, the slyles attached below

the miiUUe 6. Phebalium.

Ovary of 2 carpels, the style attached above the middle.

Flowers small, in sessile, terminal heads ....?• Microcybe.
Calyx of coloured petal-like scpals longer thau the petals . 8. Geleznowia.
Petals free. Stamens of the same uumber, free 21. Geijera.

Tribe II. Zanthoxylese. — Trees or shruhs. Leaves 'pinnate or Z-foliolate with op-
posite leaflets, or \-foliolate {trirli/ simpte iit Geijei'a), the leaflets usuallij larf/e. Ovary
lohed. Friiit separating into disttnct 2-valved cocci. Endocarp persistent, or sepa-
rating elasticalhj. Seeds icith or without albumen. Cotijledons usually flattened and
broader than the radicle.
Stameus twice as many as petals.

Leaves all or mostly opposite. Cocci dehiscent.

Leaves pinnate. Petals valvate or slightly imbricate. Seeds

without albumeu 16. Bosistoa.

Leaves 3-foliolate. Petals valvate or slightly imbricate, with

inflexed lips 17. Melicope.

Leaves 1-foliolate. Petals large, broadly imbricate, not inflexed 19. Medicosma.
Leaves alteruate, pinnate. Petals valvate. Cocci winged, inde-

hiscent 22. Pentaceros.

Stamens the same number as petals. Cocci dehiscent.

Leaves all or mostly opposite, usually 3-foliolate 18. Evodia.

Leaves alternate, simple 21. Geijera.

Leaves alternate, pinnate 20. Zanthoxylum.

(See also Flindersia among Meliacece.)

Tribe III. Toddaliese. — Trees or shrubs, with the hahit of Zanthoxylea;. Ovary not
lohed. Fruit several-celled, indehiscent, or rarely locxdicidally dehiscent. Seeds albumi-
nous (iu the Australian genus).
Leaves 1-foliolate. Stamens twice as many as petals 23. Acronycuia.

Tribe IV. Aurantiese. — Trees or shruhs. Leaves jiinnate, with usually alternate
leaflets, or l-foliolafe or simple. Stamens twice as many as petals or more. Ovary
not lobed. Frtdt indeJiiscent. Seeds without albumen.
Leaves all or mostly pinnate. No thorns.

Plowers in terminal, flat, corymbose pauicles. Filaments subnlate.
Petals valvate or nearly so. Cotyledons much folded. Flowers

small 25. Micromelum.

Petals imbricate, erect. Cotyledous flat. Flowers large . . 26. Murraya.
Flowers in oblong, pyramidal, or loose axillary or termiual pani-
cles. Filaments dilated at the base or middle.

Ovules solitary. Leaflets few 24. Glycosmis.

Ovules 2 iu each ceU. Leafiets nuraerous 27. Clausena.

Leaves all simple or 1-foliolate, coriaceous. Thorns axillaiy.

Ovary 5- or fewer celled, with 1 or 2 ovuks iu each cell . . . 28. Atalantia.
Ovary 6- or more celled, with 4 or more ovules in each cell . . 29. Citrus.

Tribe I. BoRONiE.E. — Slirubs, very rarely avborescent. Leaves simple,
3-foliolate or rarely jniuiate, with opposite small leaflets. Ovary lobed. Fruit
separating into distinct 2-valved cocci. Endocai^p scparating elastically.
Seeds albiuninous. Eiubryo usually terete. — Tlie tribe difters Irom tlie S.
African Diosmece chiefly in the prescnce of albumen.

1. ZIERIA, Sm.
Calyx 4-cleft. Petals 4, imbricate or almost valvate iu the bud, spreading.

304 xxviii. RUTACE^. IZieria.

Disk with 4 distiuct gland-like lobes, alternating with the petals. Stamens
4, insei-ted on the outside of the glands of the disk. Caiiiels 'J., distinct or
ncarly so ; stylcs nearly terminal, short and miited at least at the top ; stigma
capitate, 4-furrowed or shortly 4-lobed. Ovulcs 2 in cach carpel, supeqoosed.
Cocci 4, 2-valved, tlie endocarp cartiL^giuous and separating elastically. Seeds
solitary, or rarely 2 in each coccus, obloug ; testa crustaceous. — Shiiibs or
rarely small trees, ghnbrons hirsute or tomeiitose. Ijeaves usually opposite,
with 3 leaflets, rarely allernate or simple. Flowers white, usually small, axil-
lary, in sniall tricliotomous cymes or rarely solitary.

The species are all eudetnic in Australia, anil Y. Mueller considers theni as forniinji a
section only of Boronia ; but the charactcrs and habit ajipear to ine sutlicieutly distinct to
justify the maiutenance of so old-established aud gcnerally adopted a genus.

Anthcrs distinctly apiculate. Plant glabrous or slightly pubescent.
Leatlets with revolute margins. Cynies pedunculate.
Brauchlets angular, glabrous. Leafiets 4 to 1 in. on a distinct

coniinon petiole \. Z. lavigata.

Branchlets terete, pubcscent. Leaflets under \ in., sessile, ap-

pcaring verticillate 2. Z. aijmlathoides.

Aiithers luinutely apiculate, Plant pubescent or hirsute, rarely to-
TOcntose. Flovvcrs 1 to 3, sniall. Calyx-segments very uarrow,

ncarly as long as the pctals 3. Z.jnlosa.

Anlhers not apiciilate. Calyx-lobes short.

Flowcrs 1 to 3, on short axillary pedicels. Leaves densely pubes-
ecut or touientose.
Leaflets 3, small, obovate or obcordate. Flowers very small . 4. Z. ohcordnta.

Leavcs simplc, ovatc or oblong 5. Z. veronicea.

Flowers in pcduuculate cymes or heads, with leafy bracts. Leaves
densLly toincntose or villous.
Ul)per leaves siin])le. Cyines contracted into dense heads, with

imbricatc bracts 6. Z. invoJucrata.

Leaves all 3-foliolate. Cymcs not capitate ^. Z. cijtisoides.

Fiowers in loose pcduncuiate cymes, with sinall bracts.

Densely toiucutose or velvety. Lcaflets flat, laueeolate. Petals

almost vaivale 8. Z.furfuracea,

Glabrons or slightly pubescent.

Leaflcts flat, lanceolatc. Petals distinctly imbricatc . . . 9. Z. Smiihii.
Leaflets narrow-Iincar. Flowers small, the pctals alniost

valvate 10. Z.granulala.

1. Z. laevigata, Sm.; DC. Vrod. \. 723. A glabrous, erect shrub, the
branchk'ts angular. Leafiets 3, on a common petiole of 1 to 3 Hnes, Huear,
pointcd, l^ to 1 in. long, tlie margins closely revohite. Cymes few-flowercd,
mostly about as long as the leaves. Calyx-lobes short and broad. Pctals
fuUy 3 timcs as long as the calyx, broad, imbricate, slightly tomentose out-
side. Connective of the anthers distiuct, prodiiced beyond the cells iuto a
shoit point or appendage. Style very short. Cocci and seeds of iJ. Sinithii.
— Deless. Ic. Sel. iii. t. 49 ; Paxt. Mag. Bot. ix. 77, with a fig. ; Boronia
Irevigata, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 101 ; Z. revolnta, A. Cunn. in Field, N, S.
Wales, 330.

Queensland. Sandstone roclfs ncar Mount Pluto, Mitchell.

N. S. 'Wales. Port Jackson, R. Broicn aud others ; BIuc Mountains, A . Cuiiuingham ,-
Mount Lindsay, Fraser.

Var. laxifiora. Lcaflels longer (1 to la in.), on a longcr common petiole. Flowers

Zieria.] xxvilT. kutace^. 30.5

much smaller, in a looser cyme. Petals not twice as long as the calyx. — Stradbrooke Islaud,
Fraser : Moreton Islaud, F. Mueller.

2. Z. aspalathoides, A. Cunn. Ilerb. A lienth-like slirub, the branches
terete and pubescent, but usually with a deeurrent glabrous line. Leaflets 3,
sessile or with the eommon petiole so exceedingly short that they appear ver-
ticillate, lanceohUe or linear, rarely above 3 lines long, or when very luxuriant
4 or 5 lines, the margins revolute, glabrous or slightly pubescent. Cymes
usually 3-flo\vered, rather longer than the leaves. Cal;yx-lobes broad, obtuse
or acute. Petals about 2 or 3 times as long. Anthers tipped with a sinall
obtuse appendage. — Boi'onia lavujata, F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 111 (in part).

N. S. '\Vales. Wellington Valley, Bhie Mouutaius, and W. branches of Huuter's
Eiver, A. Cunningham ; Pei-les ranges, Fraser.

Victoria. Granipiaus, .4. Canninyham ; barren ridges near Goulburu river, F. Mueller.

3. Z. pilosa, RniJf/e, in Trans. Llnn. Soc. x. 293, t. 17. A shrub or
nndershriib, the branches terete and deusely pubescent or hii-sute. Leaflets
3, with a sliort commou petiole, linear, oblong or lanceolate, obtuse, -^ to |
in. or rarely 1 in. long, the mai-gins recurved or revolute, sliglitly pubescent
or giabrous above, more or less hirsute or tomentose underneath. Flowers
small, solitary and nearly sessile or 2 or 3 togetlier on short pedicels. Calyx
hirsute, with linear-subulate or narrow-lanceolate lobes, nearly as long as tiie
petals and ahvays much narrower than iu any other species, Anthers minutely
apiculate. Cocci hirsute, broader than in most species. — DC. Prod. i. 723 ;
Z. pancijiora, Sm. in l\ees, Cycl. xxxix. ; DC. 1. c. ; Z. hirsuta, DC, I. c. ;
Deless. Ic. Sel. iii. t. 50; Boronia hirsuta, F. Muell. Fragra. i. 101.

N. S. V/a.les. Port Jackson and Botany Bay, Banks, R. Brown, Sieber, n. 283
(partly mixed with Boronia poli/galifolia, var. iriphi/Ila), aud mauy othcrs.

Var. Tparviflora. Less pubesceut ; leaves smaller ; iiowers and fruit much smaller. Eoth
in Banks' and in Fi. Broicns collections.

Var. (?) caneseens. xMore tomcntose-hirsute ; leaves narrow, very tomentose nndcrneath,
the margius scarcely rccurved ; iutloresceuce looser, the peduncles rather lengthened and
3-fiowered, but with the calyx of Z. pilosa. — Z. canescens, R. Br. Herb. — Hills in the in-
terior, Caleij.

Z. microphylla, Boupl. Jard. j\Ialm. 64, DC. Prod. i. 723, only knowu by an exceedingly
short diagnosis, is probably tliis species. I did not iiud it in the Paris herbarium. Z. trijo-
liafa, Boupl., luentioued in gardening works, is probably this or one other of the common
specics met with in gardens.

4. Z. obcordata, A. Cunn. in Ywld, N. S. TFales, 330. A shrub of
low growth, with elongated difluse branches, terete and softly hirsute. Leaf-
lets 3, with a very short common petiole, obovate or obcordate, 2 to 4 lines
or rarely ^ in. long, softly pubescent or tomentose above, more hirsnte or
velvety and whitish underneath, the margins recurved or revolute. Floweis
1 to 3 in the axils, very small, on short siender pedicels, the petals not al)ove
1 line aud the calyx about half as long with broad and obtuse segments.
Anthers not apiculate. Cocci small, glabrous. — Boronia minutiflora, F. Muell.
Fragm. i. 100.

Queensland. Glasshouse ilountains, F. Mueller.
N. S. '^Vales. Macquarie river, A. Cunningham.

5. Z. veronicea, T. Muell. Trans. Phil.Soc. Fict. i. 11. A low shnib,
dothed ali over with a soft close or velvety tomentum. Leaves all simple,

VOL, I. X

30G xxviil. RUTACE/E. [Zieria.

opposite ov alteniate, sessile ov nearly so, ovate or oblong, obtuse, mostly 3
to 4 lines and rarely \ in. long, the niargins revohite. Flowers solitary or 2
or 3 togetlier, on short pedicels. Bracts suuill but leafy. Calyx tomentose.
Petals about twice as long, tomentose outside, much imbricate. Pihiments
hairy. Anthcrs obtuse or obscurely apicuhite. Ovary and style stellate-
pubescent. Cocci tomentose. — Boronia veronicea, F. Muelh PL Vict. i. 228.

Victoria. Saudy Mallee scrub aloiig tlie lowcr Wiiiunera, BaUachy.

S. Australia. Eucounter Bay and Kangaroo Islaud, /'". Mueller and others.

6. 2i. involucrata, R. Br. Herb. The whole phnnt densely and softly
tomentose-hirsute. Lower leaves siniple, oblong, obtuse, 1 to \\ in. long,
flat ; upper ones 3-foliolate with a short common petiole ; leaflets similar to
tlie simple leaves or smaller. Plowers several together, sessile, in dense heads
on axilhuy peduncles. Bracts ovate, leafy, softly villous, nearly as long as
the flowers and imbricate with them. Sepals ovate-Lanceolate, acute, more
than half as long as the petals. Anlhers not apicidate.

N. S. Wales. Valleys of the Blue Mountains, Backhouse.

7. Z. cytisoides, Sm. ; DC. Prod. i. 723. A much-branched shrab,
hoary all over with a soft close or more or less velvety tomentum. Leaflets 3,
with a connnon petiole of 1 to 3 lines, obovate-oblong, about \ or rarely | in.
loug, obtuse or minutely pointed, the margins revobite, narrowed at thc base.
Cymes dense but few-flowered, rarely much excecding the leaves. Bracts
leafy, as long as the pedicels or often nearly as long as the flowers. Calyx
rather short, with broad acute segments. Petals rarely twice as long, much
imbricatc in the bud. Anthers not apicuLite.

N. S. Wales. In the mountains, Calei/ ; high granitic rangcs near M:^i\\mit, Fraser,
A. CunnhKjham ; Twolbld Bay, Iluegel, F. Mneller ; Castle Crecl^, lelchhardt.

8. Z. furfuracea, R. Br. Ilerh. A tall shrub, so nearly resembling
some forms of Z. Smiilni in the shape and size of the leaves and in inflores-
cence that F. Mueller suggests it may be only a remarkable variety. Wholc
pLmt densely clothed with a soft velvety stelLite tonicntum, the tubercular
glands also tomentose and often projecting on the branches and under side of
the leaves, and the dots cpute opaque or rarely pelhicid. Leaflets lanceoLite,
flat. riowers nnmerous in the cymes, much smaller than in Z. Smithii, aad
the petals less imbricate or ahnost valvate. Cocci hairy.

N. S. Wales. N.W. interior, Fraser ; Ilastings river, Beckler.

9. Z. Smithii, Andr. Bot. Rep. i!. 606 (1810). A tall shrub or small
tree, glabrous or sHghtly pubescent with a very minute usually steUate down,
the branches tercte or compressed, occasionally oovercd with glandular tu-
bercles. Leaflets 3, with a distinct commou petiole, Lmceolate or the Lirger
ones oblong, elliptical, acute or rarely obtuse, 1 to 2 in. long in the original
form, flat. or the niargins sHghtly recurvecL Flowers usually about 3 lines
diameter, in axillary 2-3-chotomous cynies, sliorter than the leaves. Calyx-
lol)es broad and short. Petals fidly 3 tiraes as long as the calyx, tomentose
outside. Anthers obtuse, not apiculate. Cocci about 2 hnes long, glabrous,
usnally gLanduLir-tubercuLate. Seeds sluning, finely reticulate-striate. — Bot.
Mag. t. 1395; Bonpl. Jard. Mahn. 62, t. 24 ; Z. lanceolata, E. Br. ; DC.

Zieria.] xxviii. rutace^. 307

Prod. i. 733 ; Hook. f. FL Tasm. i. 65 ; Boronia arljoresceus, F. Muell. Fragm,
i. 100, and Pl. Vict. i. 111.

Queensland. Brisbanc river, .4. Cnnningham ; Stradbrooke Islaiul, Fraser.

KT. S. '^Vales. Port JacksoU; Ji. Brown, Sieber, n. 280, and otiicrs ; Hlue Moun-
tains, Fraser aiid othcrs ; uorthward to Hastiugs river, A. Cunningham aiid others ; and
JMoiuit Lindsay, W. Hill ; sonthward to Twofold Bay, F. Mneller.

Victoria. Froin tlie Gramiiians aiid Cape Otway rangts eastward, aloug humid forest
vallcys, ascending to liigh mountain ravines, F. Mueller.

Tasmania. Port Dalrymple aiid King's Isiand, R. Brown ; common in rich soil
througliout the islaud, /. D. Ilooker.

Var. parvifolia. Leaflcts ravely exceeding 1 in. ; cymes often as long. — Sandy Bay
and Cape Hervey, R. Brown ; New England, Stuart.

Var. macrophi/lla. More arborescent ; leaflets often 3 in. long; iiowers larger than in
the ordinary forin ; seeds broaiier aiid less reticulate. — Z. arborescens, Sims ; Hook. Journ.
Bot. i. 256 ; Z. macrophi/lla, Bonpl. ; Deless. Ic. Sel. iii. t. 48 ; Bot. Mag. t. 4451. To
this variety beloug the Tasinanian and maiiy of the Victoriau specimens.

The stamens in this aud other Zierias are fiEcured iu Delesserfs ' Icoues,' by some mistake,
as attached inside instead of outside the glauds or lobes of the disk. The namc of Z. lan-
ceolata was adopted by Smilh (iu Rees' CycL xxxix.), ou the consideration that the synonym
quoted in the Bot. Mag. was a suflicient publicatiou; Audrews' name had, however, been
published a year previous lo the jdate in Bot. Mag.

10. Z. granulata, C. Moore, in Ilerb. Ilook. A tall slimb or small
tree, glabrous or very rainutely pubesceiit, and densely covercd with glandular
tubercles as in some varieties oi Z. Sinilhii, witli wliicli F. Mueller proposes
to unite it. It differs chiefly in the narrow-liuear leatiets, 1 to 2 in. long,
the margins revolute and whitish uuderneath, aud iu the very saiall tiowers,
with the petals almost stinctly valvate. Cocci glabrous. — Buronia (jrunulata,
F. Muell. Fragm. i. 101.

N. S. 'Wales. Near Goidburu, C. Moore, woods of Paris Exhibition, n. 204 ;
Kiama, Harvey.

2. BORONIA, Sm.

Calyx 4-cleft. Petals 4, either much imbricate or valvate in the bud,
spreading. Disk thick, entire or (in one species only) with 4 gland-Iike
lobes. Stamens 8, inserted outside the disk ; authers either all siniilar and
perfect or 4 different from the others aud iraperfect. Carpels of the ovary 4,
distinct or uearly so ; styles terminal, united ; stigma entire or 4-Iobed.
Ovules 2 in each carpel, superposed or rarely collateral. Cocci usually 4, 2-
valved, the endocarp cartilagiuous and separating elastically. Seeds solitary
or rarely 2 in each coccus, oblong ; testa crustaceous. — Shrubs, under-
shrubs, or rarely annuals, glabrous pubesceut or hirsute, rarely tomeutose.
Leaves opposite, simple, pinuate with a termiual leatlet, or ouce or tu-ice
teruately compound, the rhachis usually articulate at each pair of Icattets and
ofteu dilated betweeu them. Peduucles axillary or termiual, eithei- 1-tlowered
and jointed with a pair of minute bracts at the joint, or bearing an uiubel or
dichotomous cyrae of several tlowers wlth sraall bracts at the base of the
pedicels. Flowers red, white, purple, or blue. Calyx-segiuents or sepals
usually valvate wheu the petals are valvate and sometimes also when they are
imbricate, but in the lattcr case the sepals are usually also imbricate at the
base. In some species the anthers and stigma are dilferent in differeut iudivi-
duals of the same varietv. In most of the species the filameuts of tlie sepaliue

X 2

308 XXVIII. RUTACE^. \Borouia.

stamens (thosc alternaling- witli tlie petals) are longer and more distinctly
clavate or capitate and glandular at tiie top tlian tlie petaline ones. Anthers
usually very shortly stipitate, rather below thc obtuse suuimit of the filament.
The specics arc all liinited to Australia.

Series I. Valvatse. — Fetals strictly valeate. Sepals iisually vahate.
Sejjals as lonu as or longer thau the petals, enclosing theui iu the
bud. (Plants tomentose or pubescent.)
Sepals lougcr than the petals.

Leaves all siuiplc. Scpals 5 to 6 liues 1. B. grandisepala.

Lcavcs uiobtly or all pinnate. Sepals 3 to 4 lines . . . . 2. B. artemisicpfolia.
Sepals (about 2 liues) of the size of the petals. Lcaves pinnate.

Leatlets sniall, ovatc, nunierons. Pedicels slcuder .... 4. B.filicifolia.

LeaHets liuear. Pediccls very short %. B. affinis.

Sepals much smaller than the petals.

Jnllorcsccuce eutircly or uiostly terminal.

Cymes tcrmiual, leafy. Leaves pinuate. Flowcrslarge . . ^. B. alata.
Flowers sniall, 1 to 3 together in the forks of s[)rcading dicho-
tomous stcms. Common petiolc very short.
Leatiets usuaily 5, obovate, about 2 lines, thick, glabrous

aud irrccu ou both sidcs. Flowcrs alniost sessile . . . (S. B. algida.
Leatlets 3, obovate-oblong, about 3 lines, pale underneath.

Pediccls slender 1. B. Edwardsii.

InHorescence cutirely axiliary.
, Peduucles l-tlowercd. ,

Lcallets 3, scssile.

Leatlcts smali, obovate, coriaceous, flat.

Lcavcs glabrous. Pednucies as iong as the leaves . . 8.5. calophi/IIa.
Lcaves tomentose. Flowcrs almost sessiie . . . . Si. B. ternata.
Leatiets liuear, revolute at the niargin. Flowcrs almost

sessiie 10. 5. ericifolia.

' Lcaflets 3 or more, with a distinct coramou petiolc.

Leaflets (about 5) liucar, thick, but tiat. Fiowers gla-

brous, uiinute 11. B. inconsjncva.

Leaflcts (usualiy 5 or 7) obovate or cuncate, giabrous,

eomj)licate. Flowers tomentose, rathcr iarge . . . 12. B. erianlha.
Leallets 7 to 13 or more, smaii, iiiiear or oblong, the
inargLns revolute. Sepais ianceoiate, subulate-acumi-

nate 13. B. aliilata.

Leaflcts 3, rareiy 5, the margins recurved or revoiute,

tomentose or hoary underncath 14. J?. ledifolia.

Leaves simple.

Leaves iiucar or iinear-ianccolate. Howers about 4 iincs 14. B. ledifolia.
Leaves oblong-Iauccoiate. Flowers abont 2 liues . . .15. B. lanceolata,
redunclcs bcaring au imibei of sevcrai flowcrs.

Leaves simple, lauccolatc, tomentose underneath. Flowers

small 15. .B. lanceolata.

Leaves niostiy piunate, with fcw distant leaflets. Fiowers
3 to 0 lincs.

Cilabrous or slightly hoary 1&. B. Traseri.

Softly hirsute or tomcntose 17. B. mollis.

Seiues II. Heterandrse. — Petalsimbricate. SepaUne anthers different from the others,
avd often imperfect. Stigmansually thick and feshy. Leaves mostly jnnnalc. Leaf-
lets linear. Peduncles a.rillary, 1-fiowered.

Sepaiiuc anthcrs large, biack, or purple.

Glabrous. l.eaflcts 1 to 3, neariy sessile, heath-like. Petais dark

purple outsidc, yeliowish iuside 18. .5. megastigma.

Boronia.'] xxviii. rutace.^. 309

Glalirous. Leaflcts single, long and linear,or 3 with a long petiole.

riowers pink 19. B. heterophylla.

Branclies hirsute. Leaflets several, in distant pairs. Flowers

pink 20. B. elatior.

Sepaline anthers vcry small.

Branches hirsute. Lraflets several, in rather distant pairs. Se-

paline filanients long and inflected 21. 5. tetrandra.

Glabrous or slightly pubescent. Leaflets crowded on a short

petiole. Sepaline filaments very short 22. B. crassifolia.

Series III. Pinnatae.— Pe/rt'/* imbricate. Anfhers nearly uniformi Leaves immate.

Peduncles mostly axiUary.
Peduncles all 1-flowered. ("Western species.)

Low or diffuse undershrubs or shrubs. Leaflets linear-cuneate,
obtuse, crowded on a short petiole.
Branches hirsute. Flowers nearly sessile. Stigma conical . 2Z. B. albifora.
Brauches pubescent. • Flovvers shortly pedicellate. Stigma

depressed, 4-lobed, radiating' . 22. B. crassifolia.

Stems erect, virgate, hirsute. Leaflets linear-tevete. Flowers

nearly sessile. Sepals usually lanceolate-snbulate . . . 24. B. lanvyinosa.
Erect shrubs. Leaflets in distant pairs. Flowers pedunculate.
Sepals broad.
Pedicels shorter than the leaves, thickened upwards ... 25. B. pulchella.

Pedicels long and slendcr 26. J?. gracilipes.

Peduncles mostly 3- or several-flowered. (Eastern species.)

Glabrous. Leaflets small, thick, obovate . . . . . . . . 27. B. microphylla.

Glabrous. Leaflets linear or obloug in distant pairs .... 28. .S. pinnata.

More or less pubescent. Leaflets crowded, the lowest pair ciose

to the stera 29. ^. pilosa.

Series IV. Cyanese. — Petals imbricate. Anthers nearly uniform. Leaves simple or
Z-foIioIate, or the terminal leafet or all three again ?>folioIate. Flowers a.rillary,
blue or bluish. Filaments usualhj niuch flattened. {Cyanothamnus, Lindl.)
Leaves or leaflets short, oblong. or cnneate, thick. Appeudage of
the anthers sniall.
Lower branchlets divaricate, spinescent. Sepals leafy . . . 30. B. spinescens.

No thorns. Sepals usually small 31. B. ccerulescens.

Leaves or leaflets narrow-linear or subulate. Appendage of the
authers long and broad.
Flowers pedicellate.

Annual. Leaves all simple 32. B. tenuis.

Undershrub or shrub. Lcaves mostly compouud .... 33. B. ramosa.
Flowers sessile, or nearly so. Leaves simple, linear-terete . . 39. B. subsessilis.
Series V. Variabiles. — Petalsimbricate. Anthersnearly uniform . Leavessi^npleorZ-fO'
liolate, or the terminal leaflet or ull three again%-foUolate. Flotversaxillary, redorpink^
Teruiinal leaflets or all three dentate, or again 3- or 5-foIiolate.

Erect or sprcading shrub. Peduncles usually 3- to 5-flo\vered 35. B. anemonifolia.
Leaves mostly 3-foliolate.
Common petiole distinct.

Leaflets flat, linear oblong or obovate. Anthers apiculate.

Pedicels 1 -flowered 34. 5. polygalifolia.

Xeaflets linear-terete, mucronatc.. Anthcrs not apiculate.

Pedicels 1- to 3-flowered 36. B . falcifolia.

Leaflets sessile. Flowers minute. Appendage of the anthers

broad, ciliate Z1. B. penicillata.

Lcaves all simple.
Leavcs flat.

Leaves obovate or broadly euncate, often denticulate . . . 42. B. crenulata^^

310

XXVIII. RUTACEiE.

\_Boronia.

Leave3 linear or lanceolate, acute, or tlie lower oncs rarcly
cuneate.
Low undershrub. Flowers all axillary. Sepals short . 34. B. poli/gaUfolia.
Virgate shrub. riowers all axillary. Sepals lanceolate-

subulatc, elongated 2,9>. B. crMsipes.

Sniall branching shrub. Howers many of them terminal . 46. B. viminea.
Leaves linear-terete.

Flowers all axillary. Appendage of the anthers large ... 39. B. suhsessilis.
Flowers many of theni tLrmiual. Authcrs minutely or not at

all apiculate 41. B. nematoiihylla.

Series VI. Terminales. — Betals imbricate. Anthers nearhj uniform. Leaves all
simple (except in B. tilifolia, inornata, and oxyantha). Flowers mostlij orall terminal,
sessile or on short \-flowered peduncles.
Terminal flowers scssile, capitate.
Leaves linear-terete.

Branches hirsute. Leaves very obtuse 40. B. capitata.

Glabrous. Leavcs niucrouate or acute 41. ^. nematophylla.

Leaves obovate or spathulatc, ofteu crenulate 42. B. crenidata.

Leaves rhomboidal, serrulate 43. B. serrulata.

Tcrminal fiowers solitary, or rarely 2 or 3, sessile or shortly pedi-
cellate.

Leaves obovate-orbicular, coriaceous 44. B. rhomboidea.

Leaves linear or hmceolate, rarely oblong-cuneate, flat.

Small midershrub. Filaments nearly gkbrous. Anthers not

apicuhUc 45. B. parvifiora.

Slender shrub. Filaments woolly. Anthcrs apiculate . . 46. B. viminea.
Leaves or leaflets liucar-terete.

Leaves simple, or leaflets 3 on a distiuct petiole. Pedicels

slender 47. B.flifolia.

Leaflets raostly 3 or 5, small, clustered on a^ very short
common pctiole.

Sepals broad, short. Petals sh'ghtly pointed 48. 5. inomata.

Sepals laneeolate-subulate. Petals mucronate .... 49. ^. oxyantha.
Series VII. Pedunculatse. — Petals imbricate. Anthers nearly uniform. Leaves all

simple. Peduncles terminal, several-flowered, or very rarely \-flowered.
Lcaves (usually numerous) small, scssile or nearly so, with revolute
margins.
Leaves linear or oblong.

Roughly pubeseeiit or hirsute. Pedunclea slightly cxceeding

the last lcaves. Scpals subulate-acumiuate 50. 5. scabra.

Glabrous or slightly pubesceut. Pcduuclcs much lougcr than

the last lcavcs. Scpals broad, short 51. B.thymifolia.

Leavcs ovatc-cordatc. Pcduncles long o2. B. ovata.

Leaves flat, usually thick, glabrous, contractcd at the base.

Lcaves sinall, obovatc or oblong, mostly deuticulatc. Cymes

umbel-likc. Peduuclcs short. Pcdicels long. Sepals large 53. B.fastigiaia.
Leavcs clongated, mostly dcuticulate. Cymes shortly pcduucu-

latc, loosc. Scpals sinall 54. i^. denticulata.

Lcaves entirc, thick ; lower oues spathiilate ; uppcr oucs narrow
or linear, distaut. Flowcrs large, fcw, or iu a loosc liichoto-

mous panicle 55. i?. spathulata.

Leavcs lincar-tcrete.

Leavcs few, thick, aiid small. Sepals lanccolatc-fubulatc, ncarly

as long as the small pctals 56. .B. jitncea.

Lcavcs numcrous. Cymes many-flowcrcd, on long pcduncles. 57. B. cymosa.
Branches sleudcr, divarieate. Leaves slcudcr. Pcduncles short,

mostly 1-flovvcred 47- B.filifolia.

Boronia.'] xxviii. RUTACEi^i. 311

Series I. Valvat.e. — Petals valvate.

1. B. grandisepala, F. Mudl. Fragm. i. 66. A shrub with tomen-
tose branchcs. Lcaves simple, uearly sessile, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, 1 to
l^ in. long, softly hoary-tomentose ou both sides, the edges Hat, the midrib
very prominent underneath. Pedicels axillary, solitary, short, 1-flowered.
Sepals ovate or ovate-Ianceolate* tomentose, valvate, attaining 5 or 6 lines.
Petals valvate and tomeutose like the sepals, but smaller, aud euclosed in
them in the bud. Piiaments slightly hirsute, clavate and glandular at the
top. Anthers scarcely apiculate. Ovary pubescent.

N. Australia. M'Adam range, F. Mueller.

2. B. artemisisefolia, T. Muell. Fragm. i. 66. A shrub, clothed all
over Avith a soft hoary close or velvety tomentum. Leaves all or nearly all
pinnate. Leaflets 7 to 11 or niore, crowded on a short common petiole,
liuear, obtuse, rarely exceeding \ in. and often much shorter, the margius
closely revolute. Peduncles axillary, solitary, short, 1-flowered. Sepals lan-
ceolate, tomentose, valvate, attaiuiug 3 to 4 lines. Petals lauceolate, valvate
and tomentose like the sepals, but smaller and enclosed in them in the bud.
Pilaments slightly hirsute, clavate and glandular at the top. Authers scarcely
apiculate. Ovaiy pubesceut. Seeds smooth but scarcely shiuing.

N. Australia. Islands of the GiJf of Carpentaria, R. Brown ; !M'Adam, Fitzroy, aud
Sea rauges, F. Mueller.

Var. Wi/soni, F. Muell. Brauches more villous. Leailets short, oblong, and less
crowded. — N.W. coast, Bijnoe ; Vausittarfs Bay, A. Cunningham ; Victoria river,
Wilson.

Y. Jlueller, Fragm. ii. 179, refers this species as a variety to B. grandisejiala, and some
of R. Bro\vu's specimeus have some of the leaves uudivided ; yet I have seeu uo approach to
the large flowers of B. grandisepala, aud I retain the two as distinct uutil really iutermediate
specimens shall have beeu observed.

3. B. affinis, R. Br. Herb. A slirub, Avith numerous slender divaricate
branches, pubescent when young, at length glabrous. Leaves piunate ; leaflets
7 to 15, linear, obtuse, mostly 3 to 4 liues long, the margins revolute, pubes-
cent when young, glabrous at least above when fu.ll-grown, the pairs distant.
Pedicels very short, axillary, 1-flowered. Sepals broadly lanceolate, subiUate-
acuminate, 2 to nearly 3 liues long, slightly pubescent, very thin but appa-
rently valvate. Petals similar to the sepals, and about the same length, but
narrower, valvate. Pilameuts clavate, and glandular at the top. Anthers
scarcely apiculate. Seeds smooth, but scarcely shining.

N. Australia. Iskmds of the Gulf of Carpeutaria, aud mainland opposite Groote
Eyland, R. Bro/cn. {Hb. R. Br.)

4. B. filicifolia, A. Cunn. Herh. Branches rather slender, tomentose-
pubescent or villous. Leaves pinnate; leaflets 12 to 20 pairs, with a
terminal odd one, ovate or oblong, 1 to 2 lines long, pubescent, the margins
slightly recurved. Peduncles axillary, slender, often \ in. long, bearing a
single small flower. Sepals lanceolate-valvate, tomeutose, attaining about
2 lines. Petals lanceolate, valvate and tomentose, like the sepals, and of the
same size. rilaments clavate aud glandtdar upwards. Anthers siiortly
apiculate. Style pubescent.

N. Australia. York aud Montague sounds, N.W. coast, A. Cunnlngham.

312 xxviri. RUTACEiE.. IBoronieL

5. B. alata, Sm. in Trnns. Llnn. Soc. viii. 283. A shrub, usxially quite
glabrous and somewhat g-lauoous, but occasionally sprinkled with a slight
pubescence, especially on the under side of thc lcaves. Branclies angular.
Leaves pinnate ; leaflets usually 7, 9, or 11, obovate or broudly oblong, often
\ in. long, very obtuse, entire or crenate. Flowers hirge, in terniiiud cynies
uot exceeding the last leaves. Sepals sninU, lanceohite. Petals attaining
5 lines, acute, valvate in the bud, ghibrous outsich; without proniinent niid-
ribs, minutely tomentose with a ciliate midrib in^-^ide, the young buds very
augular. Filaments ciliate, obtuse and gh-mduhu' at the top. Anthers
rainutely apiculate. Ovaiy pubescent. Seeds opaque but sniooth. — Sweet,
Y\. AustraL t. 48 ; BartL in Fl. Preiss. i. 169 ; Zanthoxyltm oppositifulium,
DC. Prod. i. 728.

''W, Australia. Kiug George's Sound, R. Brown, Fraser, and otliers ; Chanipiou
Bay, Boioen ; ]5ald Island and Harvey rivcr, Oldfield ; Mount Mauypcak, Maxwell ;
Rocky Bay and Kotteuest Island, Freiss, n. 2012 {Bartlinff). I have uot niyself seeu
Preiss's specimens.

6. B. algida, F. Muell. in Trans. PJiil. Soc. Ficl. i. 100. A glabrous
stunted shrub, with numerous dichotomous or divaricate branches. Leaves
pinnate, with a very short comraon petiole ; leatiets usually 5,the lowest pair
close to the stem, obovate, rarely 2 lines long, tliick and rigid. Flowers soli-
tary at the ends of the branches or in thefoi'ks, on very short pedicels. Sepais
sraall, acute. Petals ovate-hmceoLate, valvate, attaining nearly 3 lines. Fihi-
ments glabrous or nearly so, thickened and ghuuhilar upwards ; anthers
minutely apiculated. Stigma globuhir.

N. S. TVales. Upper Clareuce river, also Mounts Latrobe, Hothani, and Kosciusko,
F. Mue/ter.

7. B. Bdwardsii, Benfk. A dichotomous slirub, nearly allied to B.
algida, and possibly a variety. Branches pubescent. Leaflets 3, alniost
sessile, obovate or oblong, obtuse, attaining sometimes 3 lines, glabrous
or slightly pul)esceut, pale underneath. Flowers solitary or 2 or 3 together,
tenniual or in the forks of the branches, on distinct slender pcdicels. Petals
vaivate. Fihiments gh-ibrous. Anthers tipped with recurved poiuts or aj)peu-
(higes. Stignia globular.

S. Australia. Mouut Barker, Edwards. I havc scen ouly a siu|ilc small specimen.
{II b. F. 3h,ell.)

8. B. calophylla, Tnrcz. in Bidl. jllosc. 1852, ii. 100. A ghabrous,
vigicL rauch-ljranched shrub. Ijcaves 3-foholate or rarely simple, tlie conimon
petiole exceedingly short ; leafiets sessilc, obovate, very obtuse, 2 or rarely
n(;arly 3 lines long, gUibrous, thick and rigid. Flowers rathcr Lirge, hoary-
toineutose, on 1-Howered pcdunck^s, longer than the k'aves, hoary-toraentose
as well as the branchlets. Sepals siuall, ovate. Petals attaiuing 3 liiu'S or
rather more, valvate in the bud, with the midrib promiuent outsidc. Fila-
ments slightly ciliatc, obtuse arul glandular at the top ; authers minutely
apiculate. Ovides alniost collateral. Cocci glabrous. SeeJs sraooth but opaque.

W. Australia, Brummo/id, hth Cidl. n. 205.

9 ? B. ternata, Endl. Nov. Stirp. Dec. 6. Branches rigid, with a rainnte
ashy pubescence. Leafiets 3, sessile, obovat(;, very obtuse, not above 2 lines

Boronia.] xxviii. rutace^. 813

long-, densely hoary^tomentose on botli sides. Pedicels axillary, solitary,
scarcely ^ line long. Sepals tonientose, ovate, acute, about 1 line long.
Petals twice as long as the calyx, palepink, toinentose-pubescent. Filaments
diluted upwards ; anthers apiculate. Cocci steDate-tomentose.

TV. Australia. Iii the iiiterior, Roe. I have Dot seen this plant ; the pestivation of
the petals is not described ; if it be valvate, the species must be closely allied to C. calo-
1)hi/Ua, differiug chiefly in the tomentose leaves and almost scssile tiowers.

10. B. ericifolia, Benth. An erect, branching, heath-like shrub, the

young branches hoary-tomentose. Leaves 3-foliate or simple ; leaflets sessile,
linear with tlie margiiis closely revolute so as to be ahnost terete, obtuse, 3
or 4 lines long, glabroiis. Flowers axillary, nearly sessile, hoai'y-tomentose.
Sepals lanceohtte, valvate. Petals about twice as long, attaining 3 lines or
rather niore, valvate, with the midrib prominent outside. Filaments glabrous,
glandular and obtuse at the top ; anthers witli a minute recurved appendage.
Style glabrous, witli a more or less capitate stignia. Cocci ratherlarge. Seeds
opaque, but not seen quite ripe.

W, Australia, Drummond, Coll. 1843, n. 46.

11. B. inconspicua, Benth. A glabrous, rigid shrub. Leaves pin-
nate ; leattets 3, 5, or 7, linear, very obtuse, rarely \. in long, thick and rigid,
the pairs distant, the rhachis thick and somewhat dilated between the leaflets.
Peduncles axiUary, short, bearing single, minute, glabrous flowers. Sepals
rather thin, ovate, obtuse. Petals 2 or 3 times as loug, in our specimens
not exceeding 1 line, but perhaps not fuUy devehjped, valvate, somewhat
concave, sHghtly inflexed at the tip. Pilaments flattened, ciliate, not thick-
ened at- tlie top ; anthers all very srnall, not apiculate. Ovary glabrous.
Style very small, with a rather large globidar stigma. Cocci about 2 lines
long, glabrous. Seeds opaque, glandular-tuberculate.

W. Australia, Brummond, n. 212. The immcdiate affiuitics of this species are not
very clcar. It is in some respccts nearer to some of the Pinnntce than to the Vahatce
gcnerally, but as far as our specimens go I cannot trace auy immediate connectiou with any
species of either gi'oup.

12. B. eriantha, Llndl. in Mitch. Trop. Justr. 298. A glabrous
shrub, the branches angular. Leaves pinnate ; leaflets 3 to 9, obovate or
oblong-cuneate, obtuse or with a recurved poiut, rarely above 3 lines long,
rather thick, and often folded upwards lengthwise, the margins never recurved.
Peduncles axillaiy, short, 1- or rarely 2-flowered. Sepals ovate, acute, gla-
brous outside, minutely tomentose inside. Petals more than twice as long,
attaining 3 or 4 lines, rather narrow, valvate, hoary-tomentose outside, with
a proniinent midrib. Filanients usually ciliate ; anthers apiculate.

Queensland, Bidioill ; near Mount Pluto, Mitchell. "With the aspcct of B. viirro-
lihi/lla this has the lloral characters of B. ledifolia, with which F. Mueller proposes to unite
it, bnt bcsides a totally different habit, the leatiets are thiek, cqually green on both sides,
vvitb the uiargins flat or foldcd upwards, not recurved with a j)ale or hoary-tomentose under-
surface as in B. ledifolia.

13. B. alulata, Sohmd. in Ilerh. Banks. Apparcntly a divaricate or difl\ise
shiidj, the young branches glandular-tomentose. Leaves pinnate ; leaflets 7
to 13 or ev( n nioro, oblong or linear, rarely almost ovate, ol)tusc, 2 to 3 lines
long, the margins revolute, glabrous above when fuU-grown, hoary-tomentose

314 XXVIII. KUTACE.E. [Boronia.

uuderneatli. Peduucles very sliort, axillary, l-flo\vered. Sepals lanceolate,
subulate-acumiuate, froni ^ to nearly as long as the petals. Petals about
3 lines long, mucronate, valvate iu the bud but rather broad, glabrous outside
with a prominent midrib, slightly tomentose inside. Pilaments clavate and
glanduhu" upwards.

Queensland. Endcavoiir river, Banks and Solander, R. Brow7i. {Hb. Brii. Mus.
and R. Br.)

14. B. ledifolia, J. Gay ; DC. Prod. i. 722. An erect shrub, the
young lu-auchcs glaudular-tomentose. Leaves simple, 3-lbliolate, or rarely
piunately 5- or eveu 7-foliolate ; leaflets linear, oblong-lineai", lanceolate or
rarely broadly oblong, wheu siugle often above 1 iu. long, when several
rarely above ^ in., the margins recurved or revolute, ghibrous above when
full-grown, hoary or rusty underneath with a minute tomeutura. Peduncles
axiUary, 1-flowered, shorter than the leaves. Sepals broad, obtuse but val-
vate. Petals twice as long or more, attaining 4 or 5 lines, valvate in the
bud, minntely tomeutose outside, witli a promiueut midrib. Filaments short,
as in several allied species, slightly ciliate or glabrous, clavate and glandular
upwards ; antliers more or less apicuhite. Ovules usually, as in some allied.
species, almost or quite collateral. Style clavate, with a slightly furrowed
stigma. Seeds smooth but not shining. — Eeichb. Icon. Exot. t. 74 ; Laslo-
petalinn ledifolium, Vent. Jard. Malm. under n. 59 ; Eriodemon paradoxum,
Sm. in Rees, Cycl. xiii.; Boronia (?) paradoxa, DC. Prod. i. 722.

Queensland. Burnett river, F. Mueller ; Moreton Bay and islands, A . Cunningham,
Fraser, etc.

N. S. ^Vales. Port Jackson and Blue Mountains, R. Brown, Sieber. n. 29? and 303,
and Fl. Mixt. n. 531 and 534, and others.

Var. rosmarinifoUa. Leaves rigid, usually narrow, small, and all simple. Peduncles
very short. — B. rosmarinifolia, A. Cuun. in Hueg. Enum. 16. To this form belong espe-
cially most of the Moreton Bay specimens.

Var. (?) tripJii/Ua. Leaves mostly or all 3-foliolate, or the lower ones pinnate. — B. tripfii/Ila,
Sieb. in Spreng. Syst. Cur. Post. 148 ; Kcichb. Icon. Exot. t. 73 ; apparently as commoa
about Port Jackson as the large simple-leavcd forra. A subvariety, with broader leaflets, is
figured Bot. Reg. 1841, t. 47, and Paxt. Mag. viii. 123.

Var. (?) ruhujinosa. Leaflcts 3 or 5, still broadcr, almost obovate. Peduncles, according
to Endlichcr, 3-flowcred, but 1-flowered in our specimens. — B. rubiginosa, A. Cunn. Herb.,
Endl. iu Hueg. Enum. 16 ; Hunter's Kiver, A. Cunningham.

B. ledifoUa is enumerated also (Pl. Preiss. ii. 226) amongst W. Australian plauts, a very
unlikcly station. I have not seeu Preiss's speciraen n. 2614, nor any wcstcrn s])ecies
agrceiug with the charactcr given, and therefore havc no clue to the plant refcrrcd to.
r. Mueller, presuniing like myself that it cannot be Gay's plant, proposes (Fragm. i. 67) to
give it the name of B, ledophylla ; but without seeiug specimens it is impossible to charac-
terize it.

15. B. lanceolata, ¥. Mnell. Fragm. i. 66. A tall shrab with tomen-
tose branches. Leaves simple, petiolatc, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse or mu-
cronulate, 1 to 2 in. long, flat or tiie margins recurved, glabrous above, tomen-
tose undemeath. Peduncles very short, bearing an luubel of 3 to 5 sniall
flowers, rarely reduced to a single flower. Sepals small, ovate, with a subu-
late poiut, sometimes very short, sometimes uearly as loug as the petals.
Petals broad, attaiuing about 2 lines in length, valvate in the bud, tomeulose
outside with a promincnt midrib. Filameuts glabrous, thickeued and glan-

Bor07Ua.'] XXVIII. RUTACE.E. 315

diilar at tlie top ; anthers scarcely apiculate. Cocci glabrous. Seeds smooth
but uot shining.

N. Australia. Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Broion ; Port Essington, Arm-
sfro/iff, Leichhardt. Stony places in Arnheni's Land aiid Carpenta]-ia, F. Mueller.

16. B. Fraseri, Ilook. Bot. Mag. t. 4052. A shrub of 3 or 4 ft., the
branches glabrous, anguhu* or compressed. Leaves pinnate ; leafiets 3 or 5,
in distant pairs, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, tlie terminal one usually 1 to
l^ in. long, the others smaller, all glabrous but pale underneath. Peduncles
axilUu'y, short, bearing an umbel of 3 to 6 Howers. Sepals very small.
Petals attaining fuUy 3 lines, valvate, hoary outside, with a prominent midrib.
Fihiments glabrous, much thickened and glandular at the top ; anthers mi-
nutely apiculate. Disk very thick. Stigma capitate but small. — B. anemo-
nifolia, Paxt. Mag. Bot. ix. 123, with a fig., not A. Cuun.

N. S. Wales. Ravines on the Nepean river, Fraser.

17. B. moUis, A. Cimn. ; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 1841, imder t. 47. A shrub,
with the habit of B. Fraseri, but the branches and petioles densely and
softly hii'sute.. Leafiets usually 3 or 5, in distant pairs, the terminal one
oblong or lanceolate, obtuse, 1 to 1-j in. long, the others much shorter and
broader iu proportion, all glabrous or nearly so above, tomentose-pubescent
or villous luulerneath. Peduncles axillary, very short, bearing an umbel of
several flowers larger than those of B. Fraseri. Sepals linear. Petals ovate-
acuminate, attaining 5 or 6 lines, valvate. Stamens and style of B. Fraseri.

N. S. Wales. Nepean river, A. Cuiininyham; near Sydney, Lyall.

Seeies II. Heteiia.ndu^. — Sepaline anthers usually different from the
petaline ones, and often imperfect.

18. B. megastigina, Nees, in Pl. Preiss. ii. 227. A shrub, with erect
virgate branches, glabrous or nearly so. Leaflets 3 or rarely 5, sessile or
with a very short common petiole, linear, obtuse, rarely |- in. long, rather
thick and rigid, glabrous. Peduncles axillary, 1-flowered, the pedicel much
thickened ruider tlie flower. Sepals short, broad, obtuse. Petals attainiug
about 3 lines, broad and much imbricate, of a dark purple outside, dryiug
almost black, yellowish inside. Pilaments glabrous, rather attenuate and
incurved at the top, the 4 longer ones opposite the sepals wdth large pui-ple
anthers, the 4 smaller opposite the petals with small yellow anthers close
under the stigma. Stigma purple, very broad and thick, truncate at the top,
expanded laterally into 4 thick proniinent lobes. — F. Muell. Fragm. ii. 97 ;
B. tristis, Turcz. in BuU. Mosc. 1852, ii. 162.

V7. Australia. King George's Sound and neighbouring districts, Milne, Freiss, n.
1232; Britmmond, x>fh Co/^. ■)?. 201, and others. In this and the two following species
the large purjile or hlack anthers are said to he barren, and the poUen perfect only in the
very small yellow petaline anthers, a point I am unable to asccrtain positively froni dricd
specimens.

19. B. heterophylla, F. Muell. Fragm. ii. 98. A tall glabrous shrub,
Avith numerous slender branches. Leaves either simple aud linear, 1 to
2 in. long, or pinnate, with 3 or 5 liuear leaflets ou an elongated common
petiole. Peduncles axillary, 1-flowered, slender below the bracts, thickened

816 XXVIII. RUTACE^. [Boronia.

iinder the flower. Sepals very sliort and orbicular. Petals attaining about
4 lines, broad and imbricate, glabrous outside, pubescent inside, apparently
pink. Filaments glabrous, the hirger ones opi)osite the sepals, thickened and
much incurved at the top, with hn'ge ovoid bhick anthers, the suudler ones
with small yellow anthers. Ovary ciliate-hirsute, with a thick conical decidu-
ous style. Cocci pubescent. Seeds sniooth and shining.

AV. Australia, Drummond, n. 117. In places sometimes inundateil, on tlie Kalgee
river, MaxweU.

20. B. elatior, Bartl. in Pl. Pi-eiss, i. 170. Apparcntly a tall shnib,
the branches hirsute with long spreading hairs. Leaves pinnate ; leaflets 5
to 13 or more, liuear, flat, rather rigid, often \ in. long or even more, gla-
brous or hirsute, the pairs rather distant with the rhachis often dihited Ijetween
theni. Peduncles axillary, often as long as the conimon petiole. Sepals
broad, mucronate, usually ciliate and often colonred. Petals attainiug 3 to 4
lines, nsually mucronate, ghibrous or slightly pubescent, much irabricate. Fi!a-
raents slightly ciliate, 4 opposite the sepals, thick, attenuate at the top, with
large black anthers, 4 opposite the petals iucurved at the top, with miuute
yellowish authers close under the stigma. Ovary hirsute with a vcry large
gU\brous, thick, obtusely pyraraidal stigma, 4-lobed at the base. Seeds
smooth and shining. — B. semifertilis, F. Muell. Fracjm. ii. 98.

W. Australia, Dnmmond, n. 36, 43, and 118. King George's Sound, R. Brown ;
Darling Ratige, Preiss, n. 2013; '\Yilsou's lulet, Oldfield ; Frankliu river, MaxweU.

B. psoraleoides, DC. Prod. i. 721, from the S. coast, is unknown to me ; it is dcscribed
as having pinuate leaves, with 3 or 5 liucar obtuse leaflets, glabrous and glaudular-dotted
as well as Ihe branches ; peduucles short, 1-llowered; flowers small, pale, tetraudrous. It
would therefore rank amoug the Heterandrce, which however have usually rather hu-ge liowers.

21. B. tetrandra, Labill. Pl. Nov.' IIoll. i. 98, ^. 125. An erect
niuch-branched shrub, the branches more or less hirsute with spreadiug liairs.
Leaves pinnate ; h^afiets usually 7 to 13, linear, obtuse, the hu"gest rarely
above 4 lines long, tlie upper ones of each leaf usually gradually shorter, ali
flat or the margins slightly recurved, gh^brous or sUglitly liirsute, the pairs
rather distant. Peduncles axilhiry, 1-flowcred, very short. Sepals broadly
ovate. Petals attaining 3 or 4 liues, gkibrous, imbricate. Pihnneuts slightly
ciliate, 4 opposite thc petals short, thick, with perfect antliers, shortly apicu-
latc, 4 opposite the sepals longer and moi"e slender, inflected at the top, with
raiuute apparently iniperfect antlu-rs. Disk with 4 lobes inside the scpaliue
stameus, ahuost as in Zieria. Ovary snudl, glabrous ; stigma very hn-ge and
thick, tnmcatc at the top with 4 very promiuent almost winged lateral
lobcs.— 7i. hicolor, Turcz. in Bull. Mosc."i852, ii. 163.

W. Australia, Dnanmond, hth CoU. n. 200. Cape Leeuwiu, LabiUardiere. Labil-
larili('rc's specimcn has veiy few small flowers, which 1 have beeu uuable to cxamiiie, but
I)ruinmoud's agrces vvith it in every olhcr rcspcct, as wcil as with his figurc and descriptiou,
except that tlic llowcrs arc rather larger.

22. B. crassifolia, Barll. in PI. Preiss. i. 169. A dwarf rauch-
branched shrub or unchn-shrnb, not exceeding 8 in. in any of our speciraens,
glabrous or miimtely pubesccnt. Leavcs pinnate ; leaflets 3, 5, or 7, on a
short counnon petiole, linear-cuneate or oljlong-iinear, very obtuse, rarely^in.
long and ofteu much smaller, ratlier thick aud coriaceous. Peduncles axil-

Boroiiia.l xxviii. rutace^. 317

larv, 1- or rarely 2-flo\vered, sliort, and often reciirved. Sepals ovate, mi-
nutely pubescent. Petals attaiuing 3 lines, imbricate and nearly glabrous.
Edaments 4 opposite the sepals, thick, attenuate at the top, with perfect
shortly apiculate anthers, 4 opposite the petals shorter, chivate, glandidar,
with anthers usually minute and less perfect. Ovary niinutely pubescent.
Stigma verv large and thick, broadly conical and peltcite. — B. humilis, Turcz.
iii Bidl. Mosc. iS52, ii. 160.

W. Australia, Briumnond, hih Coll. n. 199, aud CoU. 1843, n. 59 ; Bijnoe, Preiss,
«.2033.

B. multicauHs, Tiircz. iti Bull. Mosc. 1852, ii. 160, appears to refer to some luinumbered
specimeus in Drummoud's 5th Coll., agreeing ia every respect with B. crassifoUa, except
that the anthers of the sepaUue stamens are more perfcct, aud the stigma is reduced to 4
glabrous radiatiug lobes, closely aduate on a pubescent surface, not distiuguishable from the
apparently imperfect ovary. 1 have seen but fevv fJowers of this form, but believe the differ-
euces from B. crcussifoUa to be rather sexual thau specilic.

Series III. PiNNAT^.— Anthers uniform. Leaves pinnate. Peduncles
axillary.

23. B. albiflora, R. Br. Herb. A dwarf, much-branched, erect under-
shrub or shrub, hirsute with short spreading hairs. Leaves pinnate ; leaflets
7 to 11, crowded on a short conunou petiole, oblong-linear, sbghtly cuneate,
very obtuse, rather coriaceous, the margins often recm-ved, the lowest of each
leaf ofteri 4 or 5 lines long, tlie others gradually smaller. Flowers small,
axiUary, nearly sessile. Sepals ovate or lanceolate, ciliate. Petals attaining
about 2\ to 3 lines, imbricate, glabrous. Filanients giabrous, chivate and
glandular at the top. Anthers all perfect, distinctly apicidate. Ovary pubes-
cent. Style conical with a small stigma. Cocci pubescent or ghibrous.
Seeds smooth.

■W. Australia. Sonth coast, R. Brown ; King George's Sound, Ba.rter ; Garden
Range, hiils N. of Stirling range, and Cheynye Beach, Ma.rwell.

Some speciniens of this plant, with fewer and less crowded leaflets, have the aspect of B.
crassifoUa, bnt the larger tilaments are not attenuate at the top, the anthers Uiore distinctly
apiculate, aud thc »tyle quite dilTerent.

24. B. lanuginosa, Endl. in Ilueg. Enum. 16. Stems erect, simple or
with erect virgate branches, 1 to 2 ft. high, hirsute with spreading hairs, hard
and woody at the base. Leaves pinnate ; leaflets 5 to 9 or rarely more,
lineai'-terete or slightly flattened and cuneate, mostly acute, rarely ^ iu. long,
glabrous or hirsute, somewhat crowded on a rather short comnion petiole.
Pedimcles axilhu-y, short, or the flowers almost sessile. Sepals usuaUy lanceo-
hate-subuhit«, more than half as long as the petals. Petals attaiuing nearly
4 lines, mucronate, inibricate, sliglitly pubescent, deeply coloured in the
ceutre. Filaments glabrous or ciliate, the longer ones especiaUy thickened
and ghinduhu- at the top ; anthers all perfect, shortly apicidate. Stigma
small. — B. dricta, Bartl. in PI. Preiss. i. 169.

V^. Australia, Brummond, Coll. 1845, n. 9 ; King George's Sound aud neighbouring
districts, B. Brown ; Preiss, n. 2034; Maxvetl. I have not seeu specimens named by
Endlicher, but this is the only species of R. Browu's (witli whom F. Bauer colJected) which
answers to the short diaguosis givcn.

Var. (?) hrevicaty.r. Sepals very small, wilhout the long point of the commou form. —
riiillips Rivcr, Ilerb. Muetler.

318 XXVIII. RUTACE^. \_Boronia.

B. pubescens^ Bartl. in Pl. Preiss. ii. 227 ; from "W. Australia, Preiss, n. 2643, is un-
kiiown to lue, but from the description giveu it woulJ appeai' to be a small-flowered variety
of B. lanuginosa.

25. B. pulchella, Turcz. iti Bull. Moac. 1852, ii. 102. An erect
branching slirub, perfectly glabrous, or the young branches minutely pubes-
cent or shortly hirsute. Leaves pinnate ; leaflets usually 7 to 11, linear,
rather obtuse, rarely above 4 lines long, rather rigid, fiat or the niargins
slightly recurved, the pairs not crowded, the rhachis often dilated. Flowers
hu"ge, of a rich pink. on axillary peduncles usually shorter tlian the leaves
and rather thickened under tlie llowers. Sepals short, broad and acute.
Petals attaining 3 to 4 lines, imbricate, glabrous. Filaments glabrous, capi-
tate and glandular at the top ; anthers scarcely apicuhite. Ovaiy slightly
liirsute. Stigma (tapitate, rather krge. Cocci glabrous. Seeds smootli,
opaque, but not seen qiute rijie. — B. Drinnmondii, Planch. in Fl. des Serres,
ix. 65, t. 881 ; B. tetrandra, Lindl. and Paxt. Pl. Gard. i. 35, t. 8, not Labill. ;
and perhaps also Paxt. Mag. xvi. 227.

■W. Australia, Drummond, «. 13 ; hth Coll. n. 203; S.W. interior, Mcuwell.

26. B. gracilipes, I. Muell. Fragm. ii. 99. An erect shrub, the
branches pubescent or hirsute with spreading hairs. Leaves pinnate ; leaf-
lets usually 5 or 7, rarely 9, obloug-linear or lanceolate, rarely exceeding 4
lines, the niargiiis entire, or when broad often denticulate, fiat or slightly re-
curved. Peduncles slender, axillary, 1-iiowered, often as long as the leaves
and scarcely thickened under the flower. Scpals broad, short and acute.
Petals attaiiiing about 3 lines, imbricate, glabrous. Filaments ciliate, capi-
tate and glaudular at the top ; anthers niinutely apiculate. Ovary pubescent.
Stigraa ovoid-capitate, rather large, almost sessde.

W. Australia. Fraukliu aud Mouut Mauypcak rivers, Plantageiiet and Stirling
ranges, Ilerb. MneUer. Tliis may prove to be a variety of B. pnlchella, but, as far as our
spccimens go, tlic hiisute brauches, broader leaflets, aud siender pedicels appear to be
constant.

27. B. microphylla, Sleb. in Spreng. Syst. Cur. Post. 148. A low
stuntcd shrub, ghibrous but often very glandular. Leaves pinnate ; leaflets 5
to 11, obovate or ol)long-cuneate, obtuse or acute, rarcly above 3 lines long,
and usually about 2 lincs, thick and rigid. Peduncles in tlie upper axils
1- to 3-llowere(l. Flowcrs o{ B. plnuata, or rather smaller, the anthers often
conspiciiously apiculate. Stigma slightly enlarged. Seeds in our spccimens
shiuiug and rcticulate. — Reiclib. Icon. Exot. t. 72.

N. S. Wales. Bhie ^rouutaius, Sieber, n. 302 ; A. and R. Ctuuiinghum ; Para-
matta aiul Ujjper Clarence river, Ilerb. Mueller. The latter statiou rather doubtful, the
6])ccimou being very incouiplete. F. Mueller uuites this spccies with ^. /7^««^'/« ; but, as
far as I have seen, the diftereuce in foliage appears constaut.

28. B. pinnata, Sm. Tracts, 290, t. 4. A glabrous shnib, attaining
several feet, but soraetimes dwarf or diffuse, the small branches more or less
angular. Leaves pinnate ; leaflets 5 to 9 or rarely more, linear or oblong-lan-
ceolate, acute, rigid, the pairs rather distant and the common petiole often
dilated between thera. Flowers rather large, usually 3 ormore together, in
loose axillary or subterminal corymbose cyraes. Sepals sraaU, acute. Petals
attaining 3 to 5 lines, irabricate, glabrous or minutely toraentosc inside,

Boronia.] xxviii, RUTACEiE. 319

usually raucronate. Filaraents woolly-hairy, especially tovvards the thickened
sumiuit ; anthers very rainutely or not at all apicuUite. Style short. Seeds
smooth and shining. — DC. Prod. i. 721 ; Andr. Bot. Eep. t. 58 ; Vent. Jard.
Mahn. t. 38 ; Bot. Mag. t. 1763 ; F. Muell. PL Vict. i. 115 ; B.Jloribimda,
Sieb. in Spreng. Syst. Cur. Post. 148 ; Eeichb. Icon. Exot. t. 71.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson and Blue Mountains, R. Brown, Sieber, n. 300, 301,
and Fl. 3Ii.ri. ii. 533, aud others. These specimens appear to be sexually dimorphous. la
sonie I fiud the stamens densely woolly, the authers sniall, 4 of them perhaps imperfect, and
the vcry short style bearing a thick globular stigma as large as or larger than the ovarj'. In
other specimens the filaments are shorter and not quite so woolly, the anthers larger and
more perfect, the style cylindrical, with the stigma scarcely thickened.

Var. 3IiieUeri. Leaflets in distant pairs. Flowers nearly as large as in the Port Jacksoa
specimens, but the filaments much less hairy, the anthers not at all apiculate, and I am un-
able to detcct any dimorphism ; the stigma minute or slightly capitate.

Victoria. Sources of the Bunyip river, in the Grampians, near Portland Bay, and to-
wards the mouth of the Gleuelg, F. Mueller.

Var. Gunnii. Leaflets more crowded, but the lowest pair alvvays distant from thc stem.
Rovvers smaller than in the Port Jackson plaut, with the filaments much less hairy, and the
anthers and style (as far as I have been able to ascertaiu) homomorphous, as in the var.
Mv.elleri. — B. tetrandra,szx. grandiflora, Hook. Journ. Bot. ii. 419; not LabiU. ; B.
Gimnii, Hook. f. FLTasm.i. 68, 1. 10.

Tasmania. Near Port Dah-ymple, i2. 5;-ow« ; S. Esk river, uear Launceston, G^www.

B. cifriodora, Gunn, in Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 08, common in aipine situatious in Tas-
mania (/. D. Hooker, Gunn) ; isgenerally of smaller stature, with the leaflets often reduced
to 3 ; but it is often not distinguishable from the var. Gunnii in the dried state, vvheu the pe-
culiar lemon-scent, w-hich it is said to be so easily known by, has entirely disappeared.

29. B. pilosa, Labill. Pl. Nov. Holl. i. 97, t. 124. A shrub, veiy
nearly alHed to B. pinnata, with which F. Mueller proposes to unite it, and
perhaps with reason, but the aspect is different. Branches ahnost always
more or less pubescent. Leaflets crowded on a short common petiole, the
lowest pair close to the stera, usually narrower and more obtuse than in B.
pimiata. Cyraes corapact, 3- or rareiy 5-flo\vered and often reduced to single
flowers, which are generally smaller than in B. pinnata. Pilamcnts ciliate
rather than woolly ; anthers not at all apiculate. Stigma shghtly enlarged,
never large and globular, nor yet very minute. — DC. Prod. i. 721 ; Hook. f.
Fl. Tasm. i. 67.

Victoria. In the Grampians, Wilhelmi; Portland Bay and mouth of the Glenelg'
Rohertson.

Tasmania,^. Brovm ; abundant throughont the co\o\\y,J.D. Hooker. In a very
few Tasraanian sjjecimens the leafiets are not quite so crowded, but their narrow form and
the pubescent branches are those of B. jnlosa.

Series IV. Cyane^. — Flowers usually bhie or bluish. Foliagc of the
Variabiles.

30. B. spinescens, Benth. A glabrotis undershrub with erect or as-
cending rigid steras of 1 to 1|- ft., the lower branchlets often converted into
divaricate leafless thorns of 1 to 2 in. Leaves nearly sessile, simple, entire or
3-lobed, either ovate or lanceolate and scarcely 2 lines or rarely ahnost linear
and 3 or 4 Hnes long. Peduncles axiHary, 1-flowered, 2 or 3 Hnes long,
Sepals leafy, obtuse, often fully 2 Hnes long. Petals uot twice as long, ap-
parently bhiish. Filaraents sHghtly (HUited at the base, ciliate, terete and

320 xxviii. RUTACEiE. [Borouia.

ghmdular iipwards, attemiate at the top. Appenchage of the anthers nmch
shorter than the cells and not so broad as in the other biue species.
TV. Australia, Brummonrl, n. 78.

31. B. cserulescens, F. Mnell. hi Trans. PJiil. Soc. Vict. i. 11, and
Pl. Fict. i. 117. An undershrub of a pale green, glabrous or niinutelv pu-
bescent. Leaves siinple, sessile, linear or linear-cuneate, obtuse, rarely attain-
iug \ in., aud often only 2 or 3 lines long, rathcr thick, often tubercuhite
nnderneatli. Pedicels l-flo\vered, mostly axillaiy, 1 to 2 or 3 lines long.
Sepals ovate. Petals twice or thrice as long as the sepals, attaining 3 to 4
liues, imbricate, glabrous, or pubescent outside along the centre. Filaments
ciliate, not clavate ; anthers with a short broad obtuse recurved appendage.
Stigina capitate. Seeds reticulate.

Victoria. Desert of the Murray and its lower tributaries, aud sterile plaius at tlie foot
of tlie (irauipians, F. Mueller.

S. Australia. Saudy coast of Guichen Bay aud Cape Jatfa, St. Yincenfs aud Spea-
ccr's Gulf, F. Mueller aud others.

■W, Australia. Sait river, S. Ilutt river, aud Chapiuan river to E. Mouut Barren,
Herb. Mueller.

32. B. tenuis, Bmlli. Apparently annual, cpiite ghabrous, with slender
ascending or erect branches | to H ft. high. Leaves simple, slender, linear-
terete, acute or obtuse, mos*^ly |- to 1 in. long. Flowers bkie, on axillary
pedicels of 1 to 4 or 5 lines. Sepals ovate-lanceolate, with white membra-
nous margins. Petals about twice as long as the sepals, attaining 3 lines or
i-arely more, imbricate, ghibrous. Filaments ilat, ciliate, narrowed at the
top ; anthers with broad recurved appendages, nearly as long as the cells.
Cocci glabrous. Seeds reticuhite, striate. — Cyanothamnm tenuis, Lindl. Swan
Riv. App. 18.

"W. Australia. Swan Eivcr, Brummond, \st Coll. ; Ballgarup ranges W. of Kojo-
tierup, Herlj. Mueller.

33. B. ramosa, Benik. An erect or diffuse heath-like glabrous shrub.
Leaves once or twice teniately compound ; leaflcts linear-terete, usualiy not
thicker than the common petiole, :! to j in. long. Pcduncles axillaiy, 2 to 4
or 5 lines long, beariug a single blue flower. Sepals broad and short.
iPetals varying from about 2 to above 3 lines long, ind)ricate, glabrons. Fila-
ments broad, flat and ciliate at the liase, terete, obtuse, and glandular at the
top. Appendage of the anthers very broad aud obtuse, usually lougcr than
thc cells. Stigma in some specimens capitate, in others small and 4-Iobed.
— Cija)ioth(t.nnni!i rnmosia, Lindl. Swan Riv. App. 18.

■^V. Australia. Swaii Kiver, Drummond, \sl Coll., also n. 84 and 180; Murchisou
river, Ohlfield.

Var. anelliifoUa. Leaves mostly 3-foliolate. Flowers smallcr than in the original forni,
not so blue, at least in the dried statc, with nnich snialler appendagcs to thc anthcrs. Cij-
anotliamnus anethifolius, Bartl. iii Pl. Preiss. i. 179. — Boronia suhcaridea, F. j\Inell.
Fragni. ii. 100. Svvan River, JJruminond ; Canning river, Preiss, n. 2035; Mnrchison
river, Oldfeld ; Chaiupiou Bay, Walcoit.

Seuies V. Variabiles. — Anthers uniform. Leaves simple or ternately
compound. Flowers axillary, not blue.

34. B. polygalifolia, Sui. Tracts, 297, t. 7. Usually a low glabrous

BoronUt.'] xxviii. rutace.e. 331

imdersliriib with a thick rhizome as in B. parviflora, or a small shnib, rarely
stouter aiul 1 to 2 ft. high. Leaves either siinple with hniceohite or linear-
hanceohite acute leatlets, mostly nnder \ in., but sometimes nearly 1 in. loug,
or 3-folioIate with small acute leatlets, on a short common petiole. Pedicels
axiUary, solitary, aud 1-flowered. Sepals short. Petals 2 or 3 times as long,
iml)ricate, piuk, and glabrous. Fihiuients hairy and giaudular towards the
top. Antliers conspicuously apiculate, the appendage erect or recurved.
Seetls opaque and usually minutely tubercnlate. — DC. Prod. i. 722 ; P. Mucll.
Pl. Yict. i. 114; B. hijssopifolia, Sieb. in Spreng. Syst. Cur. Post. 148;
Hook. f. FL Tasm. i. 6(3; B. tdrathecoidts, DC. Prod. i. 722 ; Hook. Comp.
Bot. Mag. i. 277.

Queensland. Stradbrooke Island, Fraser.

N. S. TVales. Port Jackson, R. Brown, Sieber, n. 296, aud others; northward to
Ihistiiigs aud Clurence rivers, Beckler ; New Eugland, C. Stuart.

Victoria. Not rare, as well ia swamps aud alpiue loealities as in dry forest-land or oa
stony ridges, F. Mneller.

Tasmania. Abundant throughout the colony, J. D. Hooker.

S. Australia. Striugybark Forest, between Mount Lofty aud the Oukaparinga, F.
Hlreller.

Var. trifoliolata. Steins short, ghibrous. Leavcs 3-foliolate, with liuear leaflets. — B.
tiana, Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 270. — lu Victoria and Tasraania. lu some of the Victorian speci-
luens, siniple aud trifoliolate leaves occur on differeut brauches of the same plant.

Var. robusta. Leaves 3-foliolate as in the hist var., bnt stems stout aud more shrubby,
attaiiiing 2 ft. or more. — Port Jacksou, Sieber, n, 283; BUie Mouutains, A. Cunningham ;
Moretou Island, F. Mueller.

Var. (?) piibescens. ^lore or less pubescent. Leaves 3-foliolate. Leaflets very small,
ovate or obovate. Flowers small, the pedicels usually longer thau the leaves. — In the Gram-
piaus, Wilhetmi, Robertson.

35. B. anemonifolia, A. Cann. in Field, N. S. TFales, 330. A shiaib
of 2 or 3 ft., ghibrous or pubescent, and ofteu glaucous. Leaves either simply
8-folioIare with the leatiets 3-toothed, or all 3 leatiets or the terminal one ouly
again 3-foliolate or pinnately 5-foliolate, or sometimes some of thera a third
time divided, aiul ali usually thick, linear-cimeate or, if entire, acutely liuear.
Flowers in axillary cymes of 3, 5, or even more, very rarely reduced to single
flowers. Stamens and fruit of B. poIjgaH/olia.

Queensland. Newcastle aud Burnett rivers, F. Muelter ; uear Lindley's Range, Mit-
ckell.

N. S. Wales. E. coast, R. Brotcn ; Huuter's River aud Blue Mountains, A. Cun-
nintjhatn aiid others.

Victoria. Mouutains of Gipps' Land, F. Mueller.

Tasmania. Derweut river, King's Islaud, U. Broicn ; uortheru parts of the island
uear the coast, -/. T). Ilooker.

TV. Australia. Cauuiug river, Preiss, n. 2628.

This species, which F. ^lueller thinks onght to be uuited with B. j)olygaIifolia as a
variety, has by others been subdividcd into 3, which raay be cousidered as tolerably distinct
races, viz. : —

a. deniigera. Pubesceut or rarely glabrous. Leaflets usually 3, linear-cuneatc, thick,
3-toothed at the top. Flowers 1 to 3 on each peduucle. — B. deutigera, F. Muell. iu Traiis.
Vict. Inst. 18-55, 82; Cganothamnus tridactylites, Bartl. in Pl. Preiss. ii. 227. — N. S.
AVales, Victoria ; Tasniania, E. coast, C. Stuart ; \\' . Australia, Preiss, n. 2628.

b. variabilis. Usually glabrous. Leaves irregularly eompouiid, more or less twice ter-
nate, but scarcely bipinnate. Leafiets obloug, obtuse, or liuear-cuueate. Flowers ralhcr
sniall, 3 or more iu the cyrae. — B. variabilis, Hook. Corap. Bot. Mag. i. 277 (partly) ;
Hook. f. FI. Tasm. i. 67. — The commou Tasmauiau form.

VOL. I. Y

322 XXVIII. RUTACEiE. [Boro?iia.

c. anelhifolia. Leavcs still more coiiipoiind, often bipinnate, and leaflets narrower and
iiiore acute than in the last var. Flowers 3 or more iu the eyme. — B. anethifolia, A.
Cuun. ; Eudl. in Ilueg. Eiium. 16; Lindi. Bot. lleg. 18^1, uuder u. 47; B. bipinnata,
Liud). in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 223. — Thecommou form iu the iuterior of Queeuslaud aud N.
S. Wales.

36. B. falcifolia, A. Cunn. ; Lindl. in Bot. Reg. 1841, undern. 4-7. A
glubroiis, erect, lieath-like slirub, witli virgate bianches. Leaves rather crowded,
3-1'oliolate ; leaflets liuear-terete, mucronate, mostly ^ to -^ in. long, on a
comraou petiole rather shortertlian themselves. Pedicels 1- to 3-Howered, in
the upper axils. Bracts linear-subulate. Sepals lanceohite, subidate-pointed.
Petals ratlier longer than the sepals, attaining 3 to 4 lines, acute, imbricate,
glabrous. Filaraents chivate and ghindidar upwards ; authers not apicidate.
Stignia in sorae specimens capitate, in others not tliicker than the style. —
B. imhifolia, Eudl. iu Hueg. Enum. 16 (through a misreading of Cuuning-
ham's label).

Queensland. Moreton Bay and islands, .4. Cunningham, F. MueUer, and others ;
^Viile Bay, Bidwill.

N. S. 'Wales. Port ]Macquarie and Port Stephens, Backhouse.

37. B. penicillata, Benth. An erect, rather rigid shrub or under-
shrub, more or less pubescent. Leaves simple or 3-foIiohite ; leatlets sessile,
linear or linear-cuueate, flat, rather thick, rarely above ^ in. long, Flowers
axiUary, very small, on short pedicels. Sepals broad, acute, glabrous or
ciliate, very ghandular. Petals aljout twice their length, but not exceeding
l^ lines, rather thick and glauduhu', with thin transparent imbricate edges.
Eihunents slightly flattened, ciliate, rather thickened at the top ; anthers
tipped with a short broad appendage, ciliate with a few rather long stifl" hairs.
Stigma slightly thickeued. Cocci glabrous, rather longer than the petals.
Seeds not seen.

W. Australia. Between Swan River and King George's Sound, Brummond. Thc
specics rcscnibles B. inconspicua in the minuteucss of its fiowers, but is quite diflerent in
their structurc as wcll as in foliage.

38. B. crassipes, Bartl. in Pl. Preiss. i. 168. Shrubby and glabrous,
with elongated, rather slender, virgate branches. Leaves simple, linear, rather
acute, i to 1 in. long, entire or serrulate. Pedicels axillaiy, l-flowered,
shorter than the leaves, thickened under the flower. Sepals lanceolate-subu-
late with long points. Petals about twice as long as the sepals, attaiuing
fuUy 4 liues, acute or mucronate. Eilaraents slencier, slightly ciliate, obtuse
and glandular at the top ; anthers minutely apiculate. Seeds opacpie and
scabrous, but not seen quite ripe. — Dietr. FI. Uuiv. N. Ser. ii. t. 2.

W. Australia, Britmmond, Coll. 1845. n. 10; Near Mouat "Wuljenup, Preiss, n.
2040 ; King George's Sound and Mount Barkcr, Oldjield.

39. B. subsessilis, Benth. Glabrous, with rigid twigoy branches.
Leaves simple, sessile, linear-terete, rather obtuse, raostly \ io f in. long.
Flowers sessile or on very sliort thickened pedicels, glabrous, appareutly red.
Sepals short, broadly ovate. Petals attaining 3 liues, imbricatc, obtuse, of a
firm cousistcnce. Filauienls flattened, ciliate, slightly thickened and obtuse
and glaudular at the top ; anthers tipped with a large, broad, recurved appen-
dage.

Boronia.1 xxviii. rutace.i-:. 323

W. Australia, Drummond, The stamens are nearly those of some of the blue-
flowcrcil species, but the tlowers are uiuch more sessile than iu any blue species and appa-
rently red.

Series VI. Terminales. — Anthers iiniform. Leaves simple or rarely
3-5-lbliolate. Tlowers terminal, usually solitary.

40. B. capitata, Benth. Apparently a rigid divaricate slirub. Branches
pubesceut or hirsute. Leaves simple, linear, obtuse, under \ in. long in our
specimen, pubescent, tliick, terete or aUnost flat above and convex underneath.
Flowers several, ahnost sessile, in terminal heads. Sepals rather broad, pu-
besceut. Petals twice as loiig as the sepals, rather exceeding 3 lines, imbri-
cate, glabrous. Fihunents densely ciliate at the cdges, slightly thickened and
glaudular at the top ; anthers tipped with a small recurved appendage. Style
pubescent, with a small stigma.

^V. Australia. In the eastern regions of the colony, Dnimmoiid. It is possiblc that
this niay prove to be an extreme variety of B. nematophi/tla, differing chiefly in iutloresceuce
and indumeutum.

41. B. nematophylla, F. Miiell. Fragm. ii. 100. An erect, virgate,
or difi^use, glabrous shiub. Leaves all simple, linear-terete, obtuse acute or
mucronulate, mostly \ to 1 in. long. Flowers axillary or terminal, nearly
sessile or shortly pediuiculate, solitary or the terminal ones in clusters of 3 to
5. Sepals short and broad, ciUate. Petals 3 or 4 times as long as the sepals,
attaining 3 or 4 liues, imbricate, glabrous. Filaments more or less woolly on
the edges, clavate and glanduLar at the top ; anthers minutely apiculate or
sometimes quite obtnse. Style slender, occasionally exceeding the stamens,
\\ ith a small capitate stigma.

■VIT. Australia. King George's Sound, Oldjield ; N. side of Stirliug range and Gordon
plains, Maxwelt.

42. B. crenulata, Sm. in Trans. Linn. Soc. viii. 284. A glabrous
bushy slirub. Leaves obovate or ciuieate, rounded and usually (but not
always) crenulate at the upper end, rarely exceeding k in., narrowed into a
very short petiole, coriaceous and nerveless. Plowers terminal and solitaiy
or few together, on very short pedicels or abnost sessile, and also frequently
solitaiy in the upper axils. Sepals ovate, scarious at the edges and minutely
cibate. Petals about twice as loug, attaining 3 lines, broad, imbricate, aud
glabrous. Filaments deusely woolly at the sides, obtuse at the top ; anthers
apiculate. Style short, often slightlv pubescent. Seeds smooth and shining.
— DC. Prod. i. 721; Bot. Mag. t. 3915; Bot. Keg. 1838, t. 12; Bartl. in
Pl. Preiss. i. 169.

W. Australia. King George's Sound, R. Brown, llenzies, Dnimmond, and others ;
Stirliug rauge, Preiss, n. 2010; Kalgan and Gordon rivers, Oldfield ; and eastward to
Stokcs Inlet, Maxvoetl.

\ ?x. jmhescens. Branches pubescent. Leaves more sessile and less narrowed at the base,
ciliate ou the edge. Sepals narrower. — W. Australia, Drummond ; Vasse river, Oldjield.

43. B. serrulata, Sm.. Trads, 292, t. h. A glabrous slirub. Leaves
crowded, simple, abnost sessile, broadly obovate or rhomboidal, acute, rarely
exceeding \ in., serrulate, naiTowed at the base, coriaceous and nerveless.
Flowers rather large, terminal, nearly sessile or very shortly pedicellate, se-
veral together in a leafy compact cyme or head or rarcly solitary. Sepals

Y 2

324 XXVIII. tiutacEjE. [Boronia.

acute. Petals 2 or 3 times as long as tlie sepals, attaining 4 lines, broad, im-
bricate, mucronate, glabrous. Filaments more or less liairy, olavate-globular
aud hispid at tlie top ; antliers miiuitely apiculate. Ovary glabrous. Style
short, with a large globular 4-lobed stignia. Seeds black and sliining. —
Sw. Fl. Austral. t. 19; Bot. Keg. t. 842; Paxt. Mag. Bot. i. 173, with a
figure.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown, Sieler, n. 298, and others. Said to be knowa
as " Native Kose" by the coloiiists.

44. B. rhomboidea, Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 722. A small, gLibrous, much-
brauclied, rigid shridj. Leaves simple, sessile, broadly rhomboid, obovate
orbicrdar or ahuost reniform, obtuse, not exceediug \ iu., quite entire, coria-
ceous and nerveless. Flowers rather smaller thau in B. st^rruUtta, abuost
sessile, terminal and solitary or few together, or occasioually 1 or 2 in the
axils of the next pair of leaves, surroundeciby 1 or 2 pairs of tJoral leaves or
bracts, usually spathulate and petiohite. Sepals ovate. Petals not twice as
long as the sepals, attaining about 3 lines. Filameuts glabrous, glandular-
tuberculate, thickened upwards ; anthers not apiculate. Ovary glabrous. Style
rather loug. Seeds api)arently black and shining, but not seen quite ripe. —
Hook. f. FI. Tasm. i. 66.

Tasmania. North-west River near Hobarton and Westcra Mountaius, Gunn ; asccnding
to 3000 or 4000 ft., C. Stuart.

43. B. parviflora, Sm. Trads, 295, t. 6. A small, glabrous under-
shrub, forming a thiek woody rhizome with numerous prostrate, ascending, or
erect branching stems, usually under 6 in., but sometimes nearly 1 ft. loug.
Leaves all simple, from oblong to linear-Iauceolate, rather acute, rarely \ in.
long. Flowers small, terminal, solitary or few in a leafy termiual cyme, on
short thickened pedicels, one or two rarely axillary by the abortion of the
flowering branch. Sepals acute, \\ to 2 lines long. Petals not niuch ex-
cecdiug them, imbricate, glabrous. Filaments glabrous or sliglitly hairy and
glandular towards the top ; authers very miiuitely or uot at all apiciilate.
Ovary glabrous ; style short and tliick. Cocci small. Seeds smooth and
shiniiig.— DC. Prod. i. 721; F. IMuell. PI. Yict. i. 113; B. pilonema, Labill.
PI. NoV. Holl. i. 98, t. 126 ; DC. Prod. i. 722 ; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 66.

N. S. 'Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown, Sieber, n. 291), and others ; uorthward to
IIastin2;s rivcr, Beckler.

Victoria. Ileathy and saudy moors at Port Albert, towards \Vilson's Promontory, aud
near Cape Liptrap, 7''. Muetler.

Tasmania. Port Dahyuiple, /?. Broion ; common in heaths and sandy places through-
out the ishiud, /. D. lloolcer.

Sonie spcciuieus niuch resenible at first sight some of the smaller forms of B. poIt/ffaUfolia,
but a careful exaniination of the intlorcscencc will always sutBce to distinguish them, inde-
pendeutly of the seeds.

46. B. viminea, Lindl. Swan Riv. App. 17. A small or slender gla-
brous shrub. Leaves all simple, usually linear-lanceolate or linear-cuneate,
flat, in some specimens ^ to 1 in. long, in others all under \ in. Pedicels
mostly axillary but also terminal, 1-flowered, short, thickeued luider the
flower. Sepals ovate or lanceolate, short. Petals attainiug 2 to 3 lines, gla-
brous, imbricate. Filameuts deusely woolly, glabrous glaudular luid obtuse

Moruiiia.'] xxviii. rutace.e, 325

at the top ; authers tipped with a promincnt erect or recurved appendage,
Style hirsute. Seeds smooth and shining.

\*^. Australia. Swan River, Drummond, \sl CoU. The smaller spccimens often
niuch resemble elongated ones of B. parviflora, but have a more axillary iuilorescence and
apiculate anthers.

Var. lalifoUa. Leaves rather shorter, the lower ones broader and cuneate. Fiowers
rather hirger with mucronate petals. — B. iemdfoUa, Bartl. in Pl. Preiss. i. 108. — Canning
river, Preiss, n. 2022 ; S. coast, Gilhert, n. 108 ; Fitzgerald range and E. jSIount Barreu,
Herh. F. MueUer.

Vai\ ffraciUs. Leaves small. Flowers small, mostly axillary. — Lrnmmond, CoU. 1848,
n. 92.

B. colorata, Lehni. in Pl. Preiss. ii. 226 ; Herb. Pi"eiss. n. 2027, which I have not seen,
appears from the description to be referable to B. viminea.

47. B. filifolia, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 3, and \\. 177. A low glabrous
shrub, with sliort slender but rigid branclies. Leaves either simple and sessile,
linear-terete, about \ iu. long, or 3-foliolate with 3 smaller linear-terete leaf-
lets on a distinct common petiole. Peduncles slender, terniinal, bearing a
single fiower, or short with a cyme of 3 fiowers on pedicels of 2 or 3 lines
thickened under the flower. Sepals small, huiceolate. Petals attaining 2 or
3 lines, glabrous, imbricate. Filaments slightly ciliate, clavate and glauduhar
at the top ; anthers not apicnlate. Seeds smooth and shining.

S. Australia. Sandy plains near Encouuter Bay, F. MueUer ; Kangaroo Island.
Watcrlwiise , Tatiara country, IFoods ; near Adelaide, Herh. Hoolcer. — F. Mueller (Pl.
Vict. i. 229) thinks that this may prove to be a variety of B. jnnnata, a species with which
however it appears to me to have very little connectiou.

48. B. inornata, Tnrcz. bi Bidl. Mosc. 1852, ii. 164. A low, much-
branched, rather slender but rigid shrub, usually glabrous and often tubercu-
late with prominent glands. Leaves usually compound, with a very short
common petiole ; leaflets 3, 5, or rarely 1, linear-terete, very obtuse, rarely
above 3 lines long, and often much shorter. Flow^ers terminal, solitary or 2
or 3 together on short pedicels. Sepals broad and short, usually ciliate.
Petals attaining 2 to 3 lines, nearly glabrous, much imbricate, rather acute
but not prominently mucronate. Filaments glabrous, clavate-gLanduhar ;
anthers apiculate. Stigma capitate in some specimens, minute in otliers
wliere the anthers are longer. Seeds smooth Init not shining. — B. lepiop/ii/Ua,
Tiu-cz. L c. ; B. claceUifolla, F. MuelL in Trans. PhiL Soc. Vict. i. 12 ; Fragm.
i. 99; PL Vict. i. 117.

Victoria. Sandy desert towards Lakc Albert, F. MueUer.
S. Australia. Mallce scrub near the Murray, F. MueUer.

W. Australia, Drummond, htk CoU. n. 190 and 197; Phillips ranges, Gardiner's
River, aud Middle iNlount Barren, Herb. F. MueUcr.

49. B. oxyantha, Tarcz. hi Bull. Mosc. 1852, ii. 165. Nearly alHcd
to B. inornata and with the same habit and foliage, but with the branches
minutely hoary-pubesceut and not glaudular. Leatlets 3 or 5, linear-terete
and frequently 3 Hnes long. Flowers ratlier larger than in B. inornata.
Sepals huiceolate, with long subulate points, or ahnost subidate from the
base. Petals distinctly pointed. Filaments dcnsely ciHate ; antlicrs apicu-
late. Style short, with a small stigma. — B. hruclujplnjUa, F. ]\Iuell. Fragra.
i. 99; iL 180.

W. Australia, Brummond, ^th Coll. n. 198 ; Fitzgerald ranges, Herb. F. Mueller.

326 XXVIII. iiuTACE.E. [Boronia.

Series YIT. PEDrNCULAT.E. — Antlicrs uuiform. Lcaves simple. Pe-
duucles termina], elongated, usually several-flowered.

50. B. scabra, Luidl. Siran Itiv. Jpp. 17. A rauch-branrlied erect
shrub of 1 to li- ft., rougldy pubesccnt or hirsute with sliort spre;uliiig hairs.
Leaves all siinple, nearly scssile, liuear or oblong, very obtuse, rarely exceed-
iiig 4 or 5 liues, tlie margins mucb revolute and usually pale underueath.
Flowers termiiial, soUtary or few in shortly pedunculate cyines, or iu cyme-
like leafy clusters. Sepals with a very short broad base aud fiUform hispid
points. Petals rather naiTOw, but imbricate, 2 to 3 bnes loiig, finely mucro-
nate. Filaments ciliate, abuost capitate aiid gkndular at the top ; anthers
tipped with a rather large recurved appendage. Style ratlier thick, ghibrous
or pubescerit. Cocci usuaUy pubescent. Seeds smooth and apparently opaque,
but not seen quite ripe.

^V. Australia. Swan River, Drummond, \st Coll. ; Fraser. The young leaves are
oftcn cluslercii iu llie axils, but, as far as I Lave seen, always simplc.

51. B. thymifolia, Turcz. in Biill. Mosc. 1852, ii. 165. A much-
branchcd, rather slender shrub, glabrous or sUghtly pubescent with short
spreading hairs. Leaves aU simple, nearly sessile, linear, obtuse, rarely at-
taining 4 Unes, the margins much revolute. Plowers 1 to 3, on rather long
termiual peduncles, or sometiines more numerous, forming a showy conmbose
cyme. Sepals broad, shortly acuminate, ghiljrons or hirsute. Petals attain-
ing about 3 Unes, inibricate, ghabrous. Filainents slightly ciUate, chavate
and ghuididar at the top ; anthers tipped with a promiucnt recurved white ap-
pendage. Stvle short, pubescent ; stigma oblong.- — B.fascicnlifuHa, F. MueU.
Fragm. i. 99; U. 99.

W. Australia, Dnmmovd, hth Coll. n. 195, J. Grerjoni ; SaU river, Fitzgerald river,
etc., Ma.rwell. — The species diflers froni B. scabra, chiefl)' iu thc loug peduucles, short sepals,
and iu the want of thc long points to the petals.

52. B. ovata, Lindl. in Bot. Reg. 1841, ntider n. 47. A glabrous under-
shrub or shrub, forming a thick stock and erect dichotomous stems, usuaUy
under 1 ft. Leaves ahuost sessile, cordate-ovate or the upper ones hanceolate,
obtuse or acute, under \ in. long, the margins entire and recurved. Flowers
few,inloose terminal pedunculate (lichotoinous cyines,thebranches and pedicels
slender. Sepals short, acuminate. Petals attaining abont 4 lines, imbricate,
glabrous. Filaments glnbrous, capitate and glandular at the top; anthcrs tipped
with an obtuse recurved appendage. Style rather thick, glabrous or hairy.

"W. Australia. Swan River, Drttmmond, \sl CoU. ; Darling range, CoUie.

53. B. fastigiata, Bartl. in Pl. Preiss. i. 167. A glabrons glaucous
shrub or undershrub, with erect and rigid or weak and dccumbent branches.
Leaves obovate, spathulate or oblong, rarely attaining | iu., very obtuse, en-
tire or deuticulate, uarrowed at the base. Flowers in loose umbel-like siin])le
cymes, termiual or in the n])])er axils, the common peduncle short, with
usually 4 to 6 ri.ther long ])cdicels, thickcned upwards. Sepals ovate or
ovate-lanceolate, acute, herbaccous and abuost valvate. Petals rarely twice
as loiig, attaining about 3 lines. Filaments ciliate, narrowed upwards,
slightly glandular ; anthers oblong, almost terminal, not apiculate. Cocci
truncate. Seeds smooth and sliining.

Boronia.'\ xxviii. rutace^, 327

W. Australia, Brumnwnd, n. 119 ; Plaatagenet district, Preiss, n. 2028 ; Gordon
river, Oldjield ; S.W. interior, Ma.rwel/.

Var. (?) tentiior. Leaves thin, alniost lanccolate, serrate. — W. Australia, Gilhert, n. 3 and
18. — Weak dra\vn-up specimens of tliis and of B. viminea have much geueral rcsembhiucc,
although the species geuerally are widely distinct.

54. B. denticulata, Sm. in Trans. Linn. Soc. viii. 284. Shrubby, erect,
glabrous and somewhat glaucous. Leaves nearly sessile, siniple, linear or
hinceoLite, rarely obloug-cuneate, iiat but rather thick, ^ to If in. long, often
bordered by a few small glandular teeth or raore distinctly denticuLite when
broad. Flowers rather hirge, in loose terminal shortly pedunculate cymes
or corymbs, tlie pedicels thickened upwards. Sepals very acute, usually short
but variable. Petals attaining about 3 lines or rather niore, imbricate, ghi-
brous. Filaments cibate and flattened towards the base, terete and ghnidular
upwards, obtuse at the top ; anthers short, not apiculate. — DC. Prod. i. 721 ;
Bot. Reg. t. 1000 ; £. ckironiifolia,BHYt\. in PL Preiss. i. 1G7.

W. Australia. King Gcorge's Souud, R. Brown and others ; and other parts of tlie
soutliern districts, Brimmond, n. 22, Preiss. 7/. 2027, Oldfield, andothers; eastward to
Phillips river aud E. Mount Barren, Maxwell.

55. B. spathulata, Lindl. Swan Riv. App. 17. A glabrous glaucous
TUKlershrub, forming a thick stock, with erect simple or branched stems, \ to
\\ ft. high, or wlien very luxuriant attaining 3 ft. Leaves not nuinerous,
from obovate or oblong-spathuLite to linear-cuneate or lanceolate, obluse or
rarely acute, \ to 1 in. or rarely longer, thick, nerveless, quite entire. Flowers
few, rather Large, in irregular terminal peduuculate cymes. Pedicels glabrous
or glandular. Sepals usually very acute. Petals attainiug 4 lines or more,
imbricale, glabrous. Filaments ciliate ; anthers often minutely apicuLite. —
Bartl. in PL Preiss. 167; B. Jlexuosa, BartL L c. i. 166; B. mucra, BartL
Lc. 167.

"W. Australia. Ajiparently common from King Georgc's Sound, E. Brown aud others,
to Swau River, Brummoiid and otliers ; Cauning river, Freiss, n. 2024, 2025 ; Darling
range, Preiss, n. 2026 ; Preston river, Oldfield.

Var. ramosa. More branched, flovvers niore nnmerous, in loug pcduuculate cymes. — Svran
'R\\ev, Brumnond ; King Geovgt's ^o\xnA, Baxter, Collie ; eastward lo E. Mount Barren,
Muncell.

Var. elatior. Tali, with elongated branches, the npper leaves linear and distant, occa-
sionally slightly dilated at the base. Flowers in very loose dichotonious cyn;es. — B. dicho-
toma, LindL Bot. Rea;. 1841, uuder n. 47. — Vasse river, Mrs. Molloy ; Swan River, Brum-
mond, Coll. 1843, «.^38.

56. B. juncea, Bartl. in Pl. Preiss. i. 166. An undershrub, witli erect
virgate or rush-likc stems, ghibrous and little branched or dichotonious up-
wards. Leaves few, linear-terete, rather tliick, the lower ones sometimes 1
in. long, the upper ones few, small and distant, and some specimens almost
leafless. Flowers small, terminal, solitary or few together, on short ghibrous
or woolly pedicels. Sepals lanceolate-subulate, nearly as long as the petals.
Petals aboiit 2 or rarely 3 lines long, nuicronate, imbricate, often slightly pu-
bescent outside along the centre. Filaments glabrous, slightly ciliatc, glan-
dular and obtuse ; anthers not apieidate. Cocci sraall, truncate. Seeds
smooth and shining. — B. lanijlora, Bartl, in Pl. Preiss. i. 165 (specimens
wiih woolly calyees).

328 XXVIII. RUTACE^E. [Boronia.

W. Australia. King George's Sound, R. Brovm and othcrs ; southern districts,
Preiss, 11. 2030, 2036, and 2037. Somc specimens from near Tone Bridge, in Herb. F. Muel-
ler are remarkable for their large tiowers. lu all others they rarely much exceed 2 lines.

57. B. cymosa, EiuU. in Huecj. Emm. 16. A glabrous, oftcn glaucous
undershrub or sluub, foraiing a thick stock with ercct virg-ate branches.
Leaves sessile, lincar-terete, often crowded towards the upper part of the
bvanches or chistered in the axils, -1 to 1 in. or rather longcr, sonictinies fewer
and niore distant, thc hirger ones rarely flattened with revoUxte margins but
always narrow-linear and quite entire. Flowers rather sniall, usually nume-
rous and cymose, on long terminal peduncles. Pedicels sliort. Sepals sliort
and broad. Petals attaining about 3 lines. Filamcnts ciliate, sliglitly dilated
at the base, terete and glandidar upwards ; anthers minutely apiculate. —
B. tereUfoUa, Lindl. Swaii Kiv. App. 17; Bartl. in Pl. Preiss. i. 166; F,
Muell. Fragm. ii. 101.

W^. Australia. Swan River, Drummond, \st Coll. and ('lnd CoII.J u. 88, Preiss, n.
2023, 2029 ; Vasse river and Darling Kange, Oldficld.

3. ACRADENIA, Kipp.

Calyx 5-cleft, rarely 6- or 7-eleft. Pctals 5, rarely 6 or 7, imbricate.
Disk thick, entire. Stamens 10, rarely 12 or 1-t, inserted outside the disk;
antliers all siinilar and pcrfect. Carpels usually 5, united almost to the top,
eaeh terminating in a glabrous gland. Styles terraiiial, unitcd in one filiform
stylc, with a small stigma. Ov\des 3 in each carpel, coUateral or ahnost
supei-posed. Cocci 5 or fewer, 2-valved ; endocarp and seeds unknown. —
Leaves opposite, 3-foliolate. Flowers white, in a tcrminal trichotomous
cyme.

The genus islimited to a single species, endemic in Tasmania. Tt is evidcntlv ncarly allied
to Boronia and espeeially to Zieria, trom which it difiers iii the tiowcrs, usually 5-mcrous, with
all the stamcus perfect aud un glands to the disk. The eudocarp has becn describcd, on the au-
thority of Kippist, asnot sej)arating, but the ouly fruits knowu are opcn and havc aircady shed
their secd ; aiul, ou comparing them carcfully with thosc of other /'/oiwi?^ in a similar state,
I cauuotbut conclude that, as is usual iu the tribe, thc endocarp has bceu cast with the seed.

1. A. Frankliniae, Kipp. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxi. 207, t. 22. A shrub

of 8 to 12 ft., ghibrous or the young shoots minutely pubescent. Leaves
mostly opposite, 3-foliohite, with a short common pctiole ; leaflcts oblong-
hmccolate, obtuse, 1 to 2 in. long, more or lcss crenately tootlied, coriaceous,
green on l^oth sides, usually scabrous, with i)rominent glands. Cymcs nearly
sessile at tlie enils of the branches, looscly trichotomous. Sepals distinct,
short. Petals 2| to 3 Unes long, pubescent outside. Fdaments filiforra,
ghabrous, scarcely shorter than the pctals ; anthers not apicuhate. Ovary
very villous, except the small ghinds termiiiating each carpeL ("occi hard,
truncate, scarccly bcaked, transverscly wriukled. — Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 69.
Tasmania. Macquarie llarbour and river, Milliffaii.

4. CROWEA, Sm.

Calyx 5-cleft. Petals 5, imbricate in tlie bud. Disk annular. Stamens
10, shorter than the petals ; filaments flattened, ciliate or vvoolly ; anthers
linear, hirsute, tipped with long hirsute appendages. Ovary 5-lobed ; styles

Croicea.'] xxviii. rutace^. 329

inserted above the midclle of the carpels, immediately uuited into one filiform
style with a small or globular stignia. Ovules 2, superposed or ahnost col-
lateral. Cocci 2-valved, rouuded or truncate at the top, the eudocarp carti-
laginous and separating elastically. — Glabrous shrubs or undershrubs. Leaves
alternate, simple. Flowers ratlier large, red purple or green, glabrous, solitary,
axillary or terminal.

The genus is confined to Australia. It is united by F. Mueller mth Eriostemon, froui
which it dififers chiefly iu the long hairj' appeudages of the anthers.

Peduncles terminal or, if axillary, leafy at the base. Branches scarcely

angiilar 1. ^. exalata.

Peduncles all axillary, without leafy bracts. Branches very angular or
ahnost winged.
Leaves quite entire. Style short. Stigma globular . , . . , ^2. C. saligna.
Leaves mostly or all denticulate. Style long. Stignia short.
Branches erect, almost herbaceous. Leaves linear or narrowed

at both ends 3. C. angustifolia.

Rigid shrub. Leaves from broadly cuncate to oblong, truncate

or very obtuse 4. C dentata.

1. C. exalata, Y. Muell. in Trans. Phll. Soc. Vicl. i. 11. Shrubby, with
the branches niore slender than in C. saligna, and scarcely angular. liCaves
nuraerous, narrow-lineai', mostly obtuse, often all under 1 in. aud rarely
attaiuing ij iu., all entire. Flowers smaller than in C. saligna, on short
peduncles, ahnost terminal, or if axillary by the abortion of the floweriug
braricli, the peduucle usually bears 1 or more small leaves at its base. Petals
rarely \ in. loug, red or rarely green. Stamens as iu C saligna, the petaline
fihiments shorter than the others. Ovary very short ; style veiy short, with
a hu'ge gloljular stigma. Cocci small, free from the base. — Eriostemon
Croicei (partly), F. MuelL PL Vict. i. 119.

N. S. TVales. Paramatta, IFilson ; Yowaka river, Mount Tambo, etc, near Twofold
Bny, F. Mueller.

Victoria. Mount Macfarlane, near Omeo, Mitta-Mitta, Livingston and Genoa rivers,
and Boggy Creek, towards Lake King, T. Mueller.

This piant is now cousidered by F. Mueller as specifically identieal with C. saligna, aud it
may possibly prove to be a variety of that species ; but, besides the geueral habit, foliage,
and less angular stems, the intlorescence appears to me to be different iu all the specimcns I
have seen.

2. C. saligna, Andr. Bot. Rep. i. 79. Shrubby and erect, the branches
prominently angular. Leaves mostly lanceolate, narrowed at each end, acute
or obtuse, 1 to 2 in. long, of a much thinuer consistence than those of Erio-
stemon salicifolius, which this species sometimes resembles, in sonie speci-
mens passing into a broadly oblong or elliptical-ovate shape, in others alraost
linear, like those of C. exalata. Flowers red, on axillary pedicels shorter
than the leaves, thickened upwards, with 2 very minute bracts at their base.
Sepals short and broad. Petals 7 to 9 lines long. Appeudage of the
authers longer than tlie cells themselves. Style very short, with a large
globular stigma. Cocci short, united to near the top. Seeds reticulate,
somewhat shiuiug. — Vent. Jard. Malm. t. 7 ; Bot. Mag. t. 9S9 ; DC. Prod.
i. 720 ; C. loiifolia, Lodd. in G. Don, Gen. Syst. i. 792; Eriostemon Crowei
(partly), F. Muell. PI. Vict. i. 119.

330 xxviii. KUTACE^. [C/-owea.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, H. Brown, Sichcr, n. 295 (tlie namcs or numbcrs of
Ihis nud w. 2'J-i, Eriosl (mon saUcifolius, intercliaiiged iu some collcctions), and othcrs.

C. latifolia, Paxt. Mag. Bot. xiv. 222, with a fig., is one of thc comnioucst fornis of this
spccies. In sonie specimens from jManly Rcach, WooJls {Hcrb. Mucll.), thc lcaves are
nearly twice as hroad. In otliers from bctvvecn Richmond river and Kaymond Tcri-ace, A.
Ralston {Hcrb. Mi(ell.), they are liiiear, clonirated, mostly roundcd or truncate at the top.
Again, iu numerous specimeiis coHccted by R. Broivn on the llawkesbury river, they are
lioear, but smaller and more crowdcd, approachiug'those of C. exalata ; but in all, the pcdi-
eels are axillary aud lcallcss.

3. C. angustifolia, Tarcz. ht Bnll. Mosc. ISIQ, ii. 13. Apparently an
undersbrub with virgate erect hranches of 1 to 2 ft., less woody than in other
species, acutely angled and ahuost winged. Leaves sessile, linear, mostly
acute, 1 to 2 in. long, entire or minutely serruhite. Flowers red or white,
rather smaller than in C. saligna, all axiUary, solitaiy or rarely 2 together, on
vei-y short pedicels, thickened upwards, with miniite bracts at the base.
Sepals very short. Petals not exceeding \ in. Filaments glabrous or
sliglifly ciliate ; anthers with longer cells and a shorter, less hairy, and flatter
appendage than in C. salifpia. Style elongated, with a small stigma. Cocci
bi-oad, transversely wrinkled. — Eriostenion Tiircza^iinoiou, F. ]\Iuell. Pl. Vict.
i. 120.

■W. Australia. King George's Sound, R. Brown ; southern districts, Bruminoi/d ani
othcrs.

Var. (?) platyphylla. Leaves ovate-elliptieal, uarrowed at each end, minutely and regu-
larly erenatc-serrate. — Franklin river, Maxwell.

4. C. dentata, R. Br. Ilerh. .A rigid erect branching shrub, the young
branches very angular. Leaves sessile with a broad base, from broadly
cuneate and truncate to narrow-oblong, -l^ to 1 in. long, strongly and acutely
serrate, coriaceous and rigid. Peduncles 1-flowered, axillary, short and
thick, slightly hoary as well as the petals. Sepals very short. Petals 4 to
5 lines long. Filaments glabrous or slightly ciliate ; anthers with an appen-
dage as long as the cells, very hairy, as in G. salixjna. Cocci obtuse or
obscurely beaked.

"W. Australia. King Gcorgc's Sound, Ba.tter {Hb. R. Brown).

5. ERIOSTEMON, Sra.

Calyx 5-cleft or rarely 4-cleft. Petals 5, rarely 4, imbricate. Disk usunlly
more or less thickened. Stamens 10, rarely 8, shorter than the petals ;
filaments hairy, attcnuate or rarely obtuse at the top ; anthers usually tij)ped
with a very small point or appendage. Carpels .5, rarcly 4 or fewcr, (listinct
from the base (or in one species united to the iniddle), usually produced into
a short appcndage above the cells ; styles inserted below the middle and
innnediately united into one ; stigma sraall. Ovules 2 in each cell, super-
posed. Cocci 2-valved, usually more or less beaked at the top or at the
outer angle ; the endocarp cartilnginous and separating elastically. Seeds
solitaiy. — Shrubs, cither glabrous or slightly pubescent, without scurfy scales.
Leaves alternate, simple, entirc, the glands often large and prominent. Inflo-
rescence axillary or terminal ; peduncles bearing a single flower, or an umbel
of few, white pink or rarely blue flowers. Calyx small, with short broad
lobes or sepals, except in E. nodijlorns.

Eriostemon^ xxviii. rutacEjE. 331

Bcsides the Australiaa species, which are all endemic, the genus comprises one from Ncw
Caledonia. F. iNIueller proposes to extend its limits so as to include PhebaUum, Microcybe,
Geleznovia, Crotcea, Phi/otlieca, Bnnnmondita, and Asterolasia, which are all no doubt
nearly enough related to it to be cqually wcll regarded as sectious or as substautive gcnera;
but as the majorily ot theni have been long established and universally adopted, and are dis-
tinguished by characters easily recogiiized, their unioa into one vast geuus seems to me to be
scarcely justified.

Inflorescence axillary.

Filaments clavate and glandular at the top.

Leaves linear or lanceolate, thick, obscurely l-nerved. Bracts

on the pedicel several, imbricate 1. E. salicifolius,

Leaves oblong, fiuely 3-nerved. Bracts on the pedicel 1 to 3,

distant 2. E. Banksii.

rilaments subulate at the top, usually tlattened below.

Flowers 4-merous Z. E. virgatus.

Flowers 5-merous.

Leaves oblong or lanceolate, 1 to 3 or 4 in. long, flat, 1-
nerved.
Pedicels slender, 1-fIowered. Carpels of the ovary united

to above thc middle, and not rostrate when ripe . . . ^. E. trachjjihyUns.
Pedicels rigid, usually several-fiowered. Carpels free from

the base, rostrate when ripe ^. E. myoporoides.

Leaves linear or linear-si^athulate, mucronate, with recurved

margins and a prominent midrib ^. E. hispidulus.

Leaves short, cordate-ovate or obovate, the margins thickened

or recurved, the midrib promiuent 1. E. buxifolius.

Leaves obovate or spathulate, thick, flat or concave, the

midrib faint or none 8. ^. obovalis.

Leaves narrow-Iinear, convex underneath or terete.

Filaments flat 9. ^. scaber.

Filaraents subulate 10. £■- linearis.

Inflorescence terminal, appearing sometimes lateral by the elongation
of the side shoots.
Flovvers solitary or rarely 2 or 3 together.
Leaves small, flat or with recurved margins.

Leaves not above 2 lines long, thick, warted or crenate with

large prominent glauds \\. E. difformis.

Leaves tlat, oblong or liucar, 3 to 4 iines, crenate, with a

prominent midrib ; W. E. difformis, var.

\Smithianus.
Leaves flat, linear-cuneate, 2 to 4 lines, slightly crenate,

nerveless 12. E. parvifolius.

Leaves linear-terete.

Leaves warted with large glands. Flowers not above 3 lines 11. E. difformis, var.

{l)revifolius.

Leavcs smooth. Flovvers nearly 5 lines 13. E. ericifolius.

Flovvers (nsually blne) densely clustered or capitate 14. E. nodiforus.

Flovvers (usually pale blue) in loose racemes 15. £. spicalus.

{EriostemoH dentatus, CoIIa, is Elceocarpus dentatus, Vahl, a New Zealand plant.)

1. E. salicifolius, Sm. ; DC. Prod. i. 720. An erect shrub, the brandies
rigid aiid often aiigular, glabrous or minutely hoary. Leaves linear or
linear-laiiceolate, inostly 1 to 2 in. long, rather thick and rigid, glabrous when
fall-grown, obscurely 1-nei-ved. Peduncles axiUary, short and 1-flowered, with
a few broad scale-Uke imbricate bracts at the base, hoary with a niinute tomen-
tum as weil as the calyx and petals. Sepals short., orbicular, rigid. Petals

332 xxviii. KUTACE/E. [Erioster/WH.

piiik, att;iiuiug about i iu. Filaraeuts flatteued, deusely friuged Avitli woolly
hairs, clavate and glaudular at tlie top, beariug tlie autliers ou a sliort stipes
as iu Boroida ; authers tipped with a very short broad recurved appeudage.
Ovary ghabrous ; style sHghtly pubesceut below the uiicklle. Cocci tniucate
at the top, but not beaked, trausversely wriukled. Seeds smooth aud shiuing.
— Eudge, in Traus. Linu. Soc. xi. t. 26 ; Deless. Ic. Seh iii. t. 46 ; Bot. Mag.
t. 2854 ; E. lanceolatus, Gsertu. f. Fr. iii. 154, t. 210; Crowea scahra,Vxx-A\.
iu Ediub. PhiL Journ. 1827, 174.

W. S. Wales. Port Jackson, . Brown, Sieher, n. 294 (the names or numbers of
tliis aiiJ Croicea saligna, 295, interchauged in mauy herbaria), and ¥1. Mixt. n. 536, aud
othcrs.

The synonym often quoteJ of E. ansiralasia, Sm., is an crror. Smith mcntions no specics
in Trans. Liun. Soc. iv. 221, but in describin^ the genus givcs the statiou Australasia, whicii
has beeu mistakeu for a specific Hame.

2. S. Banksii, A. Cum.; Endl. in Ihieg. Eiinm. 15. A Large shndj,
the youug l)ranches augular aud loosely hairy. Leaves ft'ora obovate-obloug
to obloug-Luiceolate, ofteu oblique, obtuse, 1 to l^ iu. loug, coutracted into
a very short petiole, thiuly coriaceous, iinely veiued aud obscurely 3-uerve(l,
glabrous or slightly hairy. Peduucles very short, axillary, 1- or rarely
2-tio\vered, usually with 2 or 3 scale-like distant bracts. Sepals suudl,
ciliate. Petals attaiuiug about 3 bnes, hoary outside, with a prouiiiient
raidrib. Filaraeuts slightly flattened, woolly outside, elavate aud glaudular
at the top as iu E. salicifolius ; authcrs not apicidate. Ovary glabrous, style
pubesceut. Carpels of the fruit 4 or 5 liues loug, truucate, very shortly
beaked.

Queensland. Sandy shores of the Emlcavonr rivcr, Bauks and Solancler, R. Browii,
A. Cunninc/ham. Tlic leaves have very much tlie aspect of the phyllodia of some Acacias.

3. E. virgatus, A. Cann.; Hook. f. in Hook. Journ. Bot. ii. 417.
Au erect, glabrous shrub, with virgate branches. Leaves rather crowded,
cuueate-oblong, obtuse, raucronate, mostly about \ iu. long, flat, aluiost
shiuiug abovc, pale luiderueath, with a prouiiueut uiidrib, the tubercular
gLiuds suuill. Pedicels axillary, 1-flowered, shorter thau the leaves, but
rather sleuder. Flowers 4-merous. Sepals sraalL Petals glabrous, 2|- to
3 bues loug. Pilaments flatteued, ciliate, attenuate at the top ; anthers
miuutely apiculate. Cocci glabrous, rostrate. — Hook. f. FL Tasin. i. 64.

Tasmania. Kocky shores of Macquarie Harbour, J. Cunningham ; Rocky Cape,
Guiin ; hills on llnou river, Oldfield. This is the only specics with 4-merous flovvers, and
ap|)ears to be constautly so. Phehalium Oldjieldi, F. Mucll., referred to it in Hook. f. Fl.
Tasm. ii. 358, from specimens iu lcaf only, is very diffcrcnt iu iullorescence and tlowers, aud
eveu thc leavcs difler in bcing ncver mncronate.

4. E. trachyphyllus, F. Muell. in Trans. Phil. Suc. Fict. i. 99, and
Pl. Vict. i. 121. A tall glabrous slirub, with prominent tubercular glauds.
Leaves froai cuneate-oblong to uarrow-lanceolate, shortly mucronate, 1 to
2 iu. loug, much narrowed at the base, flat or the raargius sbghtly recurved,
the midrib promineut underueath. Pediccls axillary, 1-flowered, slender, but
shorter thau the leaves. Petals white, glabrous, about 3 lines loug. Fila-
nu^uts somewhat flatteucd, ciliate, attenuate at the top ; autliers luiuutely
apiculatc . Ovary glabrous, the carpels uuited to f of their heiglit but

Eriosteinon.'] xxviii. RUTACE.ii. 333

decply depressed in tlie centre, the style attaclied below tlie middle. Ca])siile
obtuse, 5-ang-led, tlie carjjels not rostrate, separating at leng-th to below tlic
niiddle. Seeds smootli and shining.

N. S. TVales. Forest gullies near Twofold Bay, and about the sources of the Yowaka
river, F. Mueiler.

Victoria. Rocky declivities on Snowy River, near Pinch river, F. MtieUer.

This species difFers froiu all others in the united carpels of the ovary ; but the hnbit,
sestivation of the petals, staraens, aud other characters, are those of Friosiemo/i ; aud eveu
the ovary is different in shape froni that of Asterolasia and other geuera where the carpcls
are more or less united.

Var. (?) Leichhardlii. Foliage of the typical form. Flowers much larger; filaments
niuch diUited aud shortly ciiiate to the middle, fringed with long hairs in the upper part ;
authers larger; lobes of the ovary produced iuto long appeudages, and carpels therefore ])ro-
bably beaked. — " From Bri'oa " (N. S. Wales ?), Leichhardt.

3. E. myoporoides, DC. Prod. i. 730. A stout, usually tall, ghabrous
shrub, with the habit of a Myoporum, the giandular tubercles sonietimes very
prominent, sometimes abnost incons])icuous. Leaves sessile, from obovate-
oblong to lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, obtuse or rarely acute, always mucro-
nate, 1 to 3 or rarely above 4 in. long, rather firm and sometimes coriaceous,
flat Avith the midrib proniinent underneath. Peduncles shorter than the
leaves, usually bearing aii iimbel of 3 to 9 flowers, very rarely reduced to 1 or
2, especially on the sinaller-leaved branches. Flowers white or pink, rather
Lnrge, the petals attaining about -i lines. Fihaments flat, more or less ciliate,
attenuate at the top. Ovary glabrous. Cocci beaked. — Bot. Mag. t. 3180 ;
Delcss. Ic. Sel. iii. t. 47 ; F. Atuell. PI. Vict. i. 123 ; E. citspidatm, A. Cunn.
in Pield, N. S. Wales, 331 ; E. 7ieriifolins, Sieb. in Spreng. Syst. Cur. Post,
164 ; E. lancifolius, F. Muell. in Traus. Vict. Inst. i. 32.

Queensland. Glasshouse Mouutains, F. Mueller.

N. S. 'Wales. Port Jackson to the Blue Mountains, R. Broicn, Sieber, n. 306, A.
Cunnimjham, and others ; northward fo New Englaud, Herb. Mueller ; iu the iuterior to
Lachlau rivcr, A. Cuiininyham.

Victoria. Upper valleys of the Mitta-Mitta river, mouuts Ilotham, Latrobe, Tambo,
aiid ilacfarlaue, F. Mueller.

Var. minor. Leaves rarely much above 1 inch long, peduncles mostly 1- or 2-fIowcred. —
F. intermedius, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4439. — To this form belong the Queenslaud and Lachlan
river spccimcus. I cauuot, however, see in them any near approach to F. buj-ifolius.

6. Tm. hispidulus, Sieb. in Spreng. Si/st. Cnr. Posi. 164. Shrubby, with
elongated branches, more or Icss pubescent. Leaves sessile, linear or linear-
spathulate, raucronate with a straight or recurved point, | to 1 in. long, the
margins revolute, usually ^iubescent es]3ecially underueath, rarely glabrous,
often tuberculate with prorainent glands. Peduncles axillary, shorter than
tiie leaves, 1- or rarely 2-flowered, the pedicel thickened under the flower.
Petals attaining 3 or 4 lincs. Stamens, style, and fruit of E. buxifolius.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson to the Blue ^Mountaius, R. Brown, Sieber, n. 303,
A. Cunningham, and othcrs. F. Mucller cousiders this as a varicty of E. buxifolius. The
foliage appears to me, however, to be constantly distinct.

7. E. buxifolius, Sm. ; DC. Prod. i. 720. Shrubby, with rigid pubes-
cent branches. Leaves sessile, small, cordate-ovate or obovate, usually mu-
cronate, under \ in. long, thick and usually tuberculate with ]ironiiuent
glands, the margins thickened or recurved, the midrib prorainent underneath.

334. XXVIII. RUTACEJ5. ' [Erios/eniori.

Pedmicles sliorf, axillnry, 1- or very rarely 3-flo\vered with very minute bracts
beioAV the iniihlle or at the base, thickencd upwards. Petals broadly oblong,
attaining- 4 or 5 lines. Fihimcnts flattened, slightly ciliate, the longcr ones
or all attenviate and glabrous at the top ; anthers minntely apicnhite. Carpels
nuich elougated above the cells ; style ghibrous. Cocci ovate, beaked ou the
upper outer edge. — Deless. Ic. ISel. iii. t. 4.5 ; Bot. Mag. t. 4101.

W. S. ^Vales. Port Jackson, R. Brown, Sieber, n. 304., and others. This species
seeiiis occa.sioiially ahuost to run into E. obovalis in the shape of its lcaves, but is thea
always kuown by the iccurvcd margius aud promineut luidrib.

8. !C obovalis, A. Cnnn. in Field, N. S. TFales, 331. A glabrons shrub
of 2 to 3 tt. Leaves obcordate, obovate or oblong-spathuhite, very obtuse or
truucate, rarcly attaining ^ in., much narrowed at the base and often petio-
late, thick but flat or concave above, the niidrib little conspicnous, usually
strongly tubercnlate with promiuent glands. Pedicels axillary, 1-flowered, short
and tliickened upwards. Flowcrs rather suudler thau in E. biixifolius. Petals
glabrous, attaiuing 3 or 4 lines. Fihaments flatteucd, ciliate. Cocci beaked,
at least when voung (not seen ripe). — E. verrncosiis, A. Rich. Sert. Astrol.
74, t. 26 ; Hook. f.^Pl. Tasm. i. 64 ; F. MueU. PL Vict. i. 123 ; E. obcor-
didus, A. Cunn. in Hook. Jouru. Bot. i. 2.54; Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 60.

N. S. \Vales. Verge of Regenfs Glen, BIuc Mouutains, A. Cnnnhi(jham ; Bluffs
Hoad, C((l('i/.

Victoria. Barren ranjjes and forest land, not common, F. MueUer.

Tasmania. Derweut river, U. Brown ; couuuon in gravelly aud sandy soil thioughout
the islaud, ./. D. Uooker.

k. Richard givcs Moreton Bay as the station of his plant, but that is probably owing to
sonie mistake of Lesson's in labelHng theplants received from Fraser. lu A. Cunningham's
diagnosis the tlowers are said to be terminal, but I tind them always axillavy in his specinieus,
aithough sometiuies proceeding from the upper axils so as to appear tenuinal W'ithout close
examinatiou.

9. E. scaber, Taxt. Mag. Bot. xiii. 127, with afgure. A shrub, Avith the
general aspect of E. hispidulus, but with glabrous or very minutcly pubescent
branches. Leaves sessile, narrow-liuear, actite and mucronulate, ruuler 1 in.
loug, thick and very couvex uuderueath, flat or channellcd above and ofteu
aluiost terete, the margius ucver revolnte, niore or less tubercuhite with pro-
miueut ghuuls. Iniloresceuce aud flowers of E. obovalis. Carpels much coui-
pressed, promineutly rostrate.

Qneensland. Glusshouse Mountains, F. MveVer.

N. S. ^Vales. St. George's river, R. Broivn ; Paramatta, Woolls ; Port Jackson,
Calef/ : \u'ar Livcrjiool, Leichhardt.

This is cousidered by F. ^lueller as a variety of E. buxifoliii.s. It appears to me to be
nearer to E. obovaiis, and ditfers from both chielly in fohage.

10. ES. linearis, A. Cunn. ; Endl. in Hueg. Ennm. 16. A rigid heath-
like sluiib, (piite ghd)rous or the branches minutely pubesceut. Leaves ses-
sile, liuear-terete, obtuse or scarcely mucrouate, sometimes all uuder ^ in.,
but attaining f in. when very luxuriaut, more or less tuberculate with pro-
miuent glauds. Pcdicels short, axillaiy, i-flowered. Flowers white or pink.
Petals glabrous, attaining 2^ or scnrcely 3 lines. Fihuncuts flliform, veiy
hairy ; anthers minutely apiculate. Ovary glabrous ; stigma slightly dilated
aud lobed. Cocci glabrous, beaked. — E. halmaturorum, F. Muell. in Linna^a,
XXV. 376.

Eriodemon.'] xxviii. rutace/E, 335

N. S. 'Wales. Moviut Boyne, Fraspr ; Goiilburn and Peel ranges, A. Cnnninylum ;
Moiuit jMurehisoLi and Ebers ranges, F. Mtieller. Uiiited by F. Mueller with E. cliffoni/is ;
it ditlers in the iutiorescence, wiiich is that ot" tlie last 3 species, from wliich it is distiu-
guished by the tilaments quite tilitorm or scarcely perceptibly Hattened. The leaves aie more
sleuder than in either species.

11. E. difiFormis, A. Cunn. ; Endl. in Hueg. Ennm. 15. A miich-
brauched couipact shrub, glabrous or the younger branches minutely pubes-
ceut. Leaves in the norinal form small, numerous, obovate, oblong, or abnost
rhomboidal, very obtiise, rarely above 2 lines loug," usually tuberculate or as
it were crenate, with 2 or 3 very large proraiuent ghands, tliick and convex,
tlie margins often recurved, glabrous on both sides. Plowers small, terminal,
solitary or 2 or 3 together, ou very short pedicels. Calyx very small. Petals
2 to nearly 3 lines long, usually pubescent outside. Filainents flattened,
densely ciliate ; anthers sliortly apiculate. Ovary villous ; style short. Cocci
very shortly beaked. — F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 123; E. rhombeus, Lindl. in
Mitch. Trop. Austr. 293.

Queensland. Mantua downs, Mitchell ; between Mackenzie and Dawson rivers, F.
Maeller ; ncar Warwick, Beckler ; near Broad Sound, Herb. Mueller.

N. S. Wales. Lachlan river, A. Cuiuiinyham.

Victoria. Murray river and Grampiau Mouutains, F. Mueller.

W. Australia. Drummond, n. 55.

Var. (?) Smithianus. Quite glabrous. Leaves flat, thin, oblong or linear, glandnlar cre-
nate, 3 to 4 lines long, with a conspicuous midrib. Petals usually glabrous. — E. Hmithianus,
Hill, in Herb. Muell.

Queeusland. Wide Bay, W. Hill ; near Brisbane, Uenne.

N. S. Wales. ilacleay river, Beckler.

Var. (?) ieretifolius. Glabrous or pnbcscent. Leaves linear-terete, more or less crenate
or tnberculate, with large promiiient glauds, usually short aud crowded, but sometimes 3 or
uearly 4 liiies long. Petals glabrous. Ovary glabrous or_^ pubesceut. — E. Lrevifoiius, A.
Cuuii. ; Endl. in Hueg. Enum. 16.

N. S. Wales. Peel's rauge, A. Cunningham.

S. Australia. Lyuedoch valley, Behr. ; Lofty Range aud uear Gawler river, F. Mueller.

W. Australia, Brummond, ^th Coll. n. 204 (with rather larger tiovvers). Philiips
and Fitzgerald rivers, Ma.tu;ell.

Eudlicher describes the leaves of Cunniugham's plant as revohite and pubcscent nuder-
ueath, vvhicli I do not tiud in auy of his specimens. This and the last variety appear in our
herbaria so distinct in foliage froni the ordinary form of E. difformis, that I should have
admitted them as substantive species, had it not beeu for the authority of F. Mueiler, who
observes that they pass much one into the other.

12. E. parvifolius, R. Br. Herb. A low, erect, compact, much-
branched, glabrous shriib. Leaves crowded, liuear-cuneate, obtuse, 3 to 4 lines
long,sIightly gIandular-crenate,flat,coriaceous,without any conspicuous midrib.
Flowers small, terniinal, solitary, shortly pedicellate, glabrous. Sepals snuill.
Petals 2 to 2|- lines long. Filaments flattened, cibate ; anthers minutely api-
cidate. Cocci short, truncate, obscurely beaked. Seeds minutely tidjcrculate.

Queensland. Shoalvvater Bay, R. Brown {Ilerh. R. Br.).

13. E. ericifolius, A. Ctinn. Herb. An erect, heath-like, glabrous
shrub. Leaves crowded, linear-terete, obtuse or nearly so, much longer thau
in E. difforvm, although rarely exceeding \ in., slightly glandular but not
tuberculate. Plowers terminal, solitary or 2 or 3 together on short pedicels,
sometimes apparently lateral by the elongation of the side shoot. Sepals

336 XXVIII. RUTACE.E. [Eriovfe)?!0}i.

broad-lauoeolate. Petals attaining 5 lines, n-labrous or ciliate, with a promi-
uent inidrib. Filaments tiattened, woolly-ciliate on tlic edges, attenuate at
th3 top, the louger oucs bearing a loug tuft of rigid hairs 1)ehind the authers ;
anthers shortly apiculate. Ovary very liairy. Carpels of the fruit beaked.

N. S. TA^ales. Skiits of Liverpool ])laiiis, J. Cicnnincjham. This spccics has the fo-
liage ueaily of A'. nndijloni.s, but larger usually solitary flowcre, and is rcuiarkable for Ihe
long hairs (ovcriug thc authcrs.

14. £. nodiflorus, Xindl. Swan Riv. Jpp. 17. A heath-like shrub,
with virgate branches, glabrous or slightly pubescent. Leaves uarrow-liuear
or ahiiost terete, acute or rather obtuse, under ^ in. loug, ghtbrous, tlie ghinds
not tubercidar. llowers usually blue, several together in dense terraiual
heads, which becoine Lateral by the elongation of one or more side shoots.
Pedicels short. Sepals linear-lanceohate, nearly glabrons or hirsute, ofteii
more than half as long as the petals. Petals attaining 2^ to 3| lines. Pih'i-
meuts slightly flattened, cihate, attenuate at tlie top ; anthers scarcely apicu-
hite. Ovary glabrotis. Cocci acutely beaked. — BartL in PL Preiss. i. 171.

TV. Australia. King Georgc's SouiiJ to Swan Rivcr, Drununond, Ist CoIL, Mh Coll.
n. 95, oth Coll. n. 203, Preiss, n. 2049 ; Mouut Barker and Kalgan river, Oldjield ; W.
Mouiit Barren, Ma.rwell.

There are two priiicipal forms which at first sight loolc vcry distinct, one with sniall flowers
and very villous calyccs, tlie other with larger ahuost ghibrous flowers, but thcy are coii-
nectcd by so many intennediates that they caunot be'wcli dcfiued evcn as varictics. E. ra-
lycinas, Turcz. in Bull. Mosc. 1849, ii. 14, founded on Drummond's spcciinens, n. 93 of
the 4th Coll., aijpears to be the same species, although thc petals ia the dried state show
notliing of the blue tiugc. I can find no other ditterence.

15. E. spicatus, A. Rich. Sert. Jstrol. 16, t.21. A heath-Iike shrub
or undershrid) of 1 or 2 ft., with virgate erect branches, glabrous or sbghtly
pubescent. Leaves erect or spreadiug, very narrow-linear or almost terete,
rareiy much exceediug ^ iu. Plowers blue according to most coUectors, pink
according to Oldtiehl (iu Herb. ]\luelL), generally drying pale-blue or alniost
white, in loose terminal usually pubesceut racemes of 1 to 3 in., with a leaty
bract of ^ to 1 ^ lines at the base of each pedicel at a vcry early stage, but
these bracts fall off usually loug before the raceme is fuUy developed, and are
only very rarely persistent till after the tirst Howers open. Sepals small.
Petals rather hroad, about 3 lines loug. Pilameuts flatteued, densely ciliatc,
attenuate at the top ; authers shortly apicidate. Ovary glabrous. Car])cls
of thc fruit slightly beaked. — Bartl. in Pl. Preiss. i. 171. — J^J. 7-acemosiis aud
E. ebracteatns, Eudl. iu Ilueg. Enum. 15 ; E. ejjasus, Turcz. in Bidl. Mosc.
1819, iL 11.

W. Australia. From King George's Sound to Swan River, Dnimmond, Freiss, n.
2021, Harrri/, and others. I have not scen Gilberfs speciincns n. 95, described by Tur-
czaiiinow, but rcfcr thcin to this spccies from thc charactcr givcn.

6. PHEBALIUM, A. Juss.

Calyx small, 5-cleft or 5-toothed. Petals 5, valvate or laterally imbricate,
but always with valvate iuflexed tips. Disk narrovv or angidar. Stamens
10, shorter or longer thau the petals ; fllauients glabrous or rarely slightly
ciliate, filiform or rarely flat, subulate at the toj) ; anthers tipped with a sniail
gland or not at all apiculate. Carpels 5, rarely -i or fewer, distinct from the

Phebalium.l xxviir, rutace.e. 337

base or nearly so, usually produced into a sliovt or long appeudage above the
cells ; styles inserted below tlie middle and inimediately uuitcd into one ;
stiguia small ; ovules 2 in eacli cell, supei-poscd. Cocci 2-vaIved, usually
moi-e or less beaked at tlie top or tlie outer augle ; tlie endocarp cartilaginous
and separating elastically. iSeeds nsually solitary. — Shrubs either glabrous
or slightly stellate-])ul)escent or clotlud with scurfy scales, very rarely hir-
sute. Leaves alternate, simple, eutire or slightly toothed, the glands often
large aud prominent. Inflorescence axillary or termiual, peduncles rarely 1-
flowered, usually forraing an umbel-like short raceme, rarely reduced to a
compact head. Flowers small, white or yellow, very rarely and exceptioually
4-mei'ous or 6-merous.

Bcsides the Australian specics, which are all eudcmic, Ihe fccnus coniprises one from Ncw
Zealand, uearly allicd to, but appareiitly distinet from onc of the Australian oncs. F. j\Iucl]er
unites the geniis vvith Eriostemon, but the Ecstivation of the eoroUa, besides the habit and a
nuniber of sniallcr characters, a])pear to rae sutficicnt to wan^ant the niaintaining it as dis-
tinct. Practically, the section Leioncma niay be at oncc distinguishcd froni Eriostemon by
the strictly valvate coroUa, and Pkebalium proper by the scurfy seales always present at
least on the liovver and ovary.

Sect. ]. Iieionema, F. Muell. — Glalrous or pubescent plants v:ithout scurfj/ scales.
Petals strictly valcate, glabrous.
Flowcrs axillary.

Pedunclcs short, l-f1owered. Stanicus not exserted.

Leaves flat, linear or linear-lanccolate, rigid, pungent . . . 1. P.pungens.

Leaves liiicar-tcretc, obtuse, chauncllcd above 2. P. mo7ttanum.

Leavcs linear, obtuse, the margius revolute 3. P. lachnoides.

Peduucles scveral-flovvered. Stamens slightly exserted.

Leaves liuear, with revolute margins, crovvded, not exceeding

5 in. Peduncles short, few-tlowered. Ovary tomentose . ^. P. phi/Iicifolium.
Leaves lincar, 1 to 3 iu. Pedancles sevcryl-tlovvered. Ovary

glabrous 5. P. dentatum.

Flowers terminal. Slamens usually exserted.
Leaves flat or nearly so. Flowcrs umbellate.
Lcaves truncate, notched or 2-Iobcd at thc top.

Umbels peduuculate and retlexed. Petals ercct ....&. P. Ralstoni.

Unibcls erect, ncarly sessile 1. P. bilobnm.

Leaves acute or obtnse.

Leaves oblong or lanccolate.

Leaves acute, undcr 5 in. long 8. P. lamprnphyllum..

Leaves obtusc, i to f in., thinly coriaceous . . . . U. P. tlatius.
Leavcs crowded, uuder \ in., coriaccons, very obtusc, the

margins recurvcd 10. P. Oldfieldii.

Leaves sniall, obovate or orbicidar.

Leaves rigid but not thick, flut or concave 11. P. rotuvdifolium.

Leaves very sniaU, Ihick, convex 12. P. brachyphyllum,

Leaves linear, with closcly rcvolute margins. Flowers capitate . 13. P. diosmeum.

Sect. 2. Euphebalium. — The icholn plant or at lea^st the inflorescence and cah/T,
and often the petals and ovary, rnore or less covered vjith scurfy pellate scales, ofteii
fringed at the edge, those of the ovary often closehj imbricute in one mass. Petals
lateraUy imbricate or rarely almost valcate in the hud, with infe.ved valvale tips.

Umbels tei"minal. Leaves sniall or rarcly exceeding 1 in.
Calys truncatc or very shortly toothed. (Eastcrn spccies.)
Leaves obovate with rccurved margins, coriaceous, shining

above, scaly undcrncath 14. P. oxothamnoides.

VOL. I. 15

338 xxviii. KUTACfi.i;. [^Phtbalium.

Lcaves very small, obcordate or broadly cordate, silvery-scaly 15. P. ohcordaium.

Leaves liuear-ciineatc, truncatc or cinar^inate IG. P. glandulosum.

Leaves oblong or lincar, rounded or obtuse at the top, \ to

\\ in. long .... 17- P. squamulosian.

Calyx-teeth as long as the tube. (Western spccies.)

Lcaves uarrow-linear, channelled abovc, keeled undcrneath,

very glandular 18. P. tuherculosum.

Leaves small, oblong, with revolute margins, coriaceous,

shining above 19. P. microphijUum.

Leaves small, oblong, flat, silvery underneath 20. P. Brummondii.

Leaves liuear-filiform, hoary-scaly 21. P . jilifolium .

Umbels terminal and lateral, loose. Lcaves oblong or lanceolate
or linear, 1 to 2 in. long or more.
Leaves silvery-white uuderncath. Petals distinctly imbricate,

not scaly 22. P. Billardieri.

Leaves green on both sides wheu full-grown. Petals valvatc or

nearly so, densely scaly .... 23. P. argenteum.

Pcduucles all axillary, short, 1- to 3-flowercd. Leavcs small.

Leaves ovate, white underneath 24!. P. ovatifolium.

Leaves obcordate or broadly cuncate, truiicate or 2-lobed . . 25. P. rude.
Leavcs liuear-cuueate, thick, notched or 2-lobcd.

Plowers distinctly pedicellate, about 2 lincs long. Leaves

slightly 2-lobed 26. P. amhhjcarpum.

Ilowers alniost sessile, 4 or 5 lines long. Lcaves divaricately

2-lobed '. 27. P. Buxleri.

Sect. 1. Leionema. — Glabrous or pubescent plants without scurfy scalcs.
Petals strictly valvate, glabrous.

1. P. pungens, Benth. A sniall rig-id, erect or diffuse slirub, witli
tlie aspect of some Epacrideous plants, glabrous or the branches slightly
hairy. Leaves linear or linear-hxnceolate, rigid, with a strong pungent
point, usually \ in. long or shorter, rarely nearly f in., flat, with the mid-
rib prominent underneath. Peduncles short, axillary, 1-flowered. Flowers
white, glabrous. Calyx small. Petals rather more than 2 lines long, val-
vate. Staraens shorter than tlie petals ; filaments glabrous or sliglitly ci-
liate, somewhat flattened, obtusely contracted at the top iuto a short stipes ;
anthcrs not apicuhite. Ovary glabrous. Coccibeaked. — Eriontemon punyens,
Lindl. in Mitch. Threc Exped. ii. 156; P. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 125.

Victoria. Near ISlount Hofe, Mitc/ielt ; MuiTay river and its lower tributarics and
Gwmpian JMonntains, F. 3Iiieller.

S. Australia. Towards Mount Lofty and Glen Osmond, F. MueJler.

2. P. montanum, Ilouk. Jonrn. Bot. i. 255, and Ic. Pl. t. 5d. A

dwarf, rigid, dilfuse or prostrate shrub, glabrous or the branches very minutely
stellate-pubesceut. Leaves crowded, linear, obtuse, rarely above | in. long,
tliick and nearly terete or very convex underueath and' channelled above.
Flowers iii the upper axils on very short thick pedicels. Sepals very short.
Pctals about 2 lines long, valvate, glabrous. Stamens not exserted. Fila-
meuts glabrous, filiform or slightly flattened. Ovary glabrous, w^th short,
oblong, terminal appendages to the carpels ; style glabrous. Cocci very
minutely beaked. — Hook. f. Pl. Tasm. i. 63.

Tasmania. Highcst part of tlie Western Mountains, Arthur's Lake, etc, at an eleva-
tiou of 3500 to 4500 ft., Gumi.

Phebalium.'] xxviii. rutace^. 339

3. P. lachnoides, A. Cami. in Field, N.S. TFales, 332. A tall hcatli-like
shrul), glabrous or the branches minuteljf steUate-pubescent. Leaves crowded,
narrow-linear, obtuse or scarcely mucronate, rarely exceediug ^ in., the margius
revolute, glabrous above, hoary uuderneath. Flowers on short axilbuy pedi-
cels, usually crowded uear the ends of the brauches. Galyx very short.
Petals 2 to 2^ lines long, glabrous, valvate. Stauiens not exserted ; lilanieuts
filiforra, glabrous ; anthers not apiculate. Ovary ghibrous, with loug termi-
nal appendages to the carpels, Style glabrous.

N. S. 'Wales. Barren rocky situations iu the Elue Mountaius, J. CanninglMm.

4, P, phylicifoliuin, F. Miiell. iii Traus. Vict. List. \. 32. A dwarf,
robust, difluse shrub, ghxbrous or the brauches and under side of the leaves
miuutely stellate-pubescent. Leaves crowdcd, liuear, obtuse, under \ in.
long, the margins revolute. Flowers pale-yellow, usually 2 or 3 together
in shortly pedunculate umbels, all axillary but crowded towards the summit
of the branches. Calyx very short. Petals about 2 lines long, valvate.
Stamens exserted ; filaments filiform, glabrous ; anthers not apicuhite. Ovary
pubescent, the terminal appendages of the carpels short aud obtuse ; style
glabrous. Cocci glabrous, ovate, minutely beaked. — Eriostemon phylicifolim,
F. Muell. Fragm. i. 105.

Victoria. Summits of the Munyang, Cobberas, Mitta-Mitta, and othcr mountains, at
an elevation of 4000 to 6000 ft., F. Mueller. In Pl. Vict. i. 128, F. Mueller unites this
vvith P. dentatHm as an alpiue variety ; but, without having sccu any intermediate speci-
mens, I do not-feel justified ia combiuiug two forms so different iu habit and foliage, as well
as in some miuor characters,

5, P, deutatum, Sm. in Rees, Cycl. xxvii. A tall shrub with elongated
branches, hoary when young with a minute stellate pubescence. Leaves
linear, obtuse, mostly H to 3 in. long, the margins recurved and often
minutely and remotely glandular-toothed, rather coriaceous, glabrous aud
siuooth above, hoary underneath with a stellate tomentum, the midrib
prominent. Flowers in short umbel-Iike racemes, axillary and pedunculate,
but always mucii shorter than the leaves, Pedicels almost glabrous, 2 to 3
lines long, Calyx very small, Petals about 2 lines long, valvate, Longer
stamens slightly exserted ; filaments filiform, glabrous, Disk very small,
Ovary glabrous. Cocci nearly orbicular, sliortly beaked. Seeds black
and shining. — P. saUcifolium, A. Juss. iu Mem. Soc. Nat. Hist. Par. ii. 134,
t. 12; Uriostemon umdellatus,Tmcz. in Bull. Mosc. 1849, ii. 15; F. Muell.
Fragm. i. 104.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brotcn and othcrs.

6. P, Ralstoui, Benth. A tall shrub, perfcctly glabrous, the youug
l)ranches angular. Leaves narrow-obloug or linear, obtuse and notched
or 2-Iobed at the end, 1 to l^ in. long, the margins recurved and eutire, nar-
rowed into a short petiole, of a rather firm consistence, pale underneath.
Flowers green or reddish, 3 to 5 in a teruiiual shortly peduiiculate reflexed
umbpl. Calyx small. Petals narrow, valvate, fidly 3 liues long, less open
than in any other species. Stamens nuich exserted ; filameuts sidmlate, gla-
brous. Ovary glabrous, on a very short broad disk. Cocci short and broad,
Avith a very short obtuse beak. Seeds smooth. — Eriostemon Ralstoni, F. Muell.
Fragm. ii. 101, t. 14.

z 2

340 xxviir. RUTACE.«. [PhebaUum.

N. S. ^Vales. Yokawa rivcr, iiear TvvofolJ Bay, F. Mucller ; foot of Castle Rock
Mouiitaiu, Leichhardt.

7. P. bilobum, LinfU. in Mitch. Tliree Tjxpe.d. ii. 178. An eleo;ant
nsually divaricatcly branched slirub, sonietimes tall and erect iu wet valleys,
glabrous or the young branehes niinutely stenate-pubescent. Leaves sessile
or nearly so, oblong or lanceoUite, sometinies all under \ in., somctimes 1 in.
long or even more, truncate or 2-lobed at the top, the margins often seiTate
and recurved or revolute, roimded, narrowed or rarely cordate at thc base,
smooth and often sliining on both sides, the midrib proniinent undenieath.
Flowers small, in terminal erect sessile umbels, often on short hiteral branclies,
rarely apparently axilhxry by the abortion of tlie branch. Pedicels slendei', 1
to 3 lines loug. Stamens shortly exserted ; fihniients filiform. Disk small.
Ovaiy glabrous, of 2 or 3, rarely 4, carpels. "Cocci oval-oblong, beaked. —
P. trnncalnr.i, Ilook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. G4, t. 9 ; Eriostemon serrulatiis, F. Mucll.
Fragni. i. 4 ; E. Hildebrandi, F. Muell. in Trans. Phil. Soc. Yict. i. 10, and
Pl. Vict. i. 127 ; Dietr. Fl. Univ. N. Ser. ii. t. 2.

Victoria, Mount William, il/i^c/^d?// ; Cataracts aud rocky rivulcts in tlic Victoria
ran.cips aud Grampiaus, F. Mneller.

Tasmania. Fliuders Islaud, Bass's Straits, aud Schoutcu I»laud, E. coast, Gmn;
Mouut Gog, Archer.

S. Australia. Mount Lofty, Whittaker ; sources of the Gawlcr rivcr, F. Mueller.

lu Mitclieirs spccimcns, the leaves are broad aud cordate at Ihe base; in others, from
tlie saiuc locality, thcy are loiuidcd or narrowcd at Ihe basc, as iu thc u;eucrality of tlic Tas-
maiiian oacs. The Mouut Lofty specimeiis arc small, divaricatc, with short cordate Icavcs, as
figured by Dictrich. Thc pistil is usually 3-mcrous iu Victoria, more frequcutly 2-mcrous iu
Tasuiauia, but variable in both.

8. P. lamprophyllum, Bentli. A densely branched glabrous shrub.
Leavcs crowded, obloug-hinceolate, acute, under \ in. long, entire, coriaeeous
and shining, flat or coucave, contracted into a very short petiole. Flowers
few, in terminal sessile lunbels, with a sinall bxit usually leafy bract at tlie
basc of eaeh pedicel. Calyx small. Petals and stamens not seen. Cai"pels
5, of wliich 2 or 3 only ripen, ovate, beaked, glabrous. . Seeds smooth and
shining. — Eriostemon lampropjrijllus, F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 126.

Victoria. Summit of ]\Iouut Ligar, towards thc sourccs of Macalistcr rivcr, F.
Mueller.

9. P. elatius, Benth. A tall shrub, glabrous or thc branches very
minntely pubeseeut, aud usually tuberculate with promineut glauds. Leaves
linear-cuneate or obloug, obtuse, i to f in. loug, cntire or crenulate, thinly
coriaeeous, smootli and shining, narrowed into a vcry sliort petiole. Peduncles
2- or more-flowered, terminal or in the uiipermost axils, foriningshort terniinal
leafy corymbs or ovate pauicles. Calyx very small. Petals valvate, not 2 lines
long. Stamens exserted ; filaments subulate, glabrous ; anthers small. Ovary
glabrous, on a raised almost stalk-like disk. Cocci obhquely obovate, very
niinutely beaked. — Eriostemon elatior, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 181.

N. S. Wales. New England, near Tenterfield, C. Stuart. The species is, vcry
closely allicd to the Nevv Zealand P. nudum, Ilook., dilTcriug chicfly in much smaller
flovvers, thc calyx-lobcs lcss prominent, the iuflorescencc not so flat-toppcd, etc.

10. P. Oldiieldii, F. Mnell. Ilerb. A densely branched shnd), quitc
ghibrous or tlie brauehes pubcsccnt. Lcaves narrow-oblong or slightly

PhebalUim.'] xxviil. rutagEjE. 341

cuiicate, very obtuse or retuse, rarely excecding \ in., entire, coriaceous, and
often sliining, the niargins tlat or sliglitly recurved, contracted into a very
sliort petiole. Flowers h\x, in sliort sessile terniiual umbels. Sepals small.
Petals and stamens not scen. Carpels 5, gla1)rous, ovate wlien ripe, sliortly
beaked. Seeds not seen. — Erioslemon Oldjieldu, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 3, and
Pl. Yict. i. 125.

Tasmania. At the base of Moimt Lapeyrouse, Olcljield and Stuart. The foliage is, at
first sight, so much like that of Eriosteinon virgatiis, that the speciniens without flowers
first received were mistakeu for that phint (Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 358) ; but even the
leaves may be knowu by their endmuch more obtuse or retuse, and uever mucronate.

11. P. rotundifolium, Benth. An erect much-branclied shrub, the
young branches minutely pubescent. Leaves crowded, abiiost imbricate,
small, obovate or orbicular, obtuse or minutely mucronate, mostly 2 to 3 lines
long, flat or eoncave, coriaccoiis, ghxbrous, very shortly petiolate or ahnost
sessile. Flowers several, in a terminal sessile umbel, almost contracted into
a head in our specimens, wliich are not fully out. Sepals small. Petals
valvate, glabrous. Fihnments tilitbrm, ghibrous. Ovary glabrous, on a very
short disk, the terminal appendages of the carpels very short. — JElriostemon
rotuudifolius, A. Cnnn., Endl. in Hueg. Enum. 15.

W. S. TVales. Iluutei-^s River, A. Cunningliam.

12. P, brach^rphyllum, Benlh. A dwarf shrub, with a thick woody
base and numerous branching stems of 2 to 4 in., giabrous or minutely
pubescent. Leaves small, crowded, sessile or nearly so, very spreading,
obovate or orbicuhir, very obtuse, rarely exceeding 2 lines, tliick, coriaceous
and nerveless, very convex. Flowers few (usually 3 to 5), in terminal clusters
or short racemes. Pedicels short. Sepals small. Petals about \\ lines
Inng, giabrous, valvate. Filaments filiform. Ovary glabrous, on a distinct
stalk-Iike disk, the terminal appendages of the carpels very short.

. S. Australia. Encounter Bay and near CofRn Bay, F. Mueller.

■ 13. P. diosmeum, A. Jnss. in Mem.. Soc. Hist. Nat. Par. ii. 135, t. 11.

An ereet heath-Iike shrub, the branches more or less hirsute. Leaves crowdcd,
linear, obtuse, mostly mider \ in., the margins revolute, scabrous or sprinkled
with a few hairs. Flowers yellow, numcrous, in a sessile terrainal head,
intermixed with linear bracts shorter than the calyx. Sepals linear, erect,
pubescent, about half as long as the petals. Petals about 3 lines long,
giabrous, valvate. Stamens exserted ; filaments subulate, glabrous ; anthers
didymous. Carpels very short, with the terminal appendages 4 times aslong,
giabrous or hairy ; style glabrous. Ripe fruit not seen. — P. phylicoides, Sieb.
in Spreng. Syst. Cm-. Post. 164 ; Chorilcena anguslifolia, F. Muell. in Trans.
Phil. Soc. Vict. i. 10; Eriostemon j)hjlicoides, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 107, and
PL Vict. i. 131.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson to the Blue Mouutaiiis, Sieher, n. 110, Fraser, A. Ciin-
ningham, and others.

Victoria. Saudy hcaths near Mount Imlay, abundnnt, F. Mueller.

Sect. 2. EuPHEBALiUM. — The wholc plaut, or at least the inflorescence
and calyx, oftcn also the petals and ovary, more or less covered with
scurfy pcltate scales, often fringed at the edge, those of tiic ovarv often

342 XXVIII. EUTACE.E. [Phebalium.

closcly imbricate in one masa. Petals laterally imbricatc ov rarely almost
valvate in tlie bud, witli intlexed valvate tips,

14. P. ozothamnoides, F. Muell. in Trans. Vid. Inst. i. 31. A rigid
shnib, the branches brown with scurfy scales. Leaves obovate, very obtuse,
under \ in. long, the margins recurved, narrowed into a short petiole, tliick,
coriaceous, glabrous and shining above when full-grown, white luulerneath
with scurfy scales mixed with stellate hairs which are also sprinkled on the
upper surface of the young leaves. Flowers few, in small terminai sessile
umbels, like those of P. squamulosum in size and structure as well as in the
scurfy scales. — Eriostemon ozothamnoides, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 103.

Victoria. Mitta-Mitta, Cabongia, aud Livingstone rivers, F. Mueller.

15. P. obcordatum, A. Cunn. Herb. A small densely-branched shnib,
silvery-white or hoary witli scurfy scales. Leaves distinctly petiolate, either
broadly obcordate and about 1 line long, or in hixuriant specimens broadly
cuneate and attaining 2 lines, very obtuse and emarginate, flat, ratlier thick,.
glabrous above with 2 to 4 large prominent glands, silveiy underueath.
Flowers much smaller tlian in the aUied species, few on short pedicels at the
euds of the branches and uppermost axils, forming short tenninal leafy co-
rymbs. Structure of the flowers as in P. squamulosum.

W. S. Wales. S.W. of St. George'3 Rauge, A. Cnnningham.

16. P. glandulostun, Ilook. in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 199. Very closely
allied to some of the smaller much-branched forms of P. squamulosnm, with
the same scurfy iudumcntum, inttorescence, and fiowers, and recently united
with that species by Y. Mueller (Pl. Vict. i. 130). It appears however to
me to ditfer sufficiently in the leaves, vvliich are nan-owly linear-cuneate, emar-
ginate or almost 2-lobed ai the end, with revohite or recurved margins varyiug
from 3 or 3 lines to f in. in length. In thc ordinary form also ihe branches
and lcaves are covered with large glandular tubercles. — P. sediflorum, F.
MucU. in Trans. Yict. Inst. i. 30 ; Eriostcmon scdijiorus, F. Muell. Fragm.
i. 102.

Queensland. On tho Upper Marnnoa, Mitchell.

N. S. 'VJrales. Eurylean scriib, A. Cunniiujham.

Victoria. Snowy lliver, Pinch Mountains, auJ thc N.W. desert of the colony, F,
Mueller.

S. Australia. Extending to Lake Torrens, F. Mueller.

Var. (V) Daviesi. Lcavcs narrow-linear, broader and emarginate at the end as in the
ordinary forni, but tiie giaudular tuberclcs few or noue. — P. Daviesi, Hook. f. Fl. Tasm.
ii. 358.

Tasmania. E. coast near St. Helen's Bay, Davies. The ovary, iu thc flowers I have
exaniiuetl, lias thc pcltatc scurfy scalcs of the allicd species.

17. P. squamulosum, J^cnt. Jard. Malm. t. 102. An erect shrub,
var\'ing in lieight but nevcr arborescent, the young branches brown with
scurfy scales. Leaves shortly petiolate, oblong or linear, obtuse but often
mucronuU\te, \ to \\ in. long, somewhat coriaceous, the margins flat or
slightly reciirved, smooth above or slightly glandular-tuberculate, covered un-
derneath with scurfy peUate scales. Flowers yellow, in terminal sessile,
simple or compound umbels or corymbs, not exceeding the last leaves, the
pedicels, calyx, aiid petals covered with comparatively large scurfy scales.

Pheballim.] xxviir. rutace.e, 343

Calvx veiy short, tmncate, witb minute or sliort and broad teeth. Petals
barely 2 lines loiig, slightly imbricate with inflexed valvate tips. Stamens
exserted (1 or 2 occasionally wanting) ; tilaments glabrons ; anthers tipped
by a small ghmd. Ovary densely covered with white or brown scurfy ciliate
scales. Cocci sraall, broad, obscurely beaked. Seeds scarcely shining. —
DC. Prod. i. 720; A. Juss. in Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Par. ii. 132 ; F. elaag-
nifoUum, A. Juss. 1. c. 132, t. 11; P. anreim, A. Cunn. in Field, N. S.
Wales, 331, with a figin-e (the specimens not so stunted as represented in tlie
plate) ; Eriostemon lepidotus, Spreng. Syst. ii. 322; F. MueU. Fragm. i. 104,
and Pl. Vict. i. 130.

N. S. 'Wales. Port Jackson to the Blue Mountaiiis, R. Brown, Sieber, n. 112 (mis-
naiueJ P. anceps) ; Liserpool plains, A. Cnnningham ; Clarence river, Beckler.

Victoria. Genoa Peak aud river, F. MueUer.

Var. alpinnm. Diffuse, with crowded more coriaceous leaves, rarely exceeding \ in. — P.
podocarpoides, F. JMuell. iii Traus. Vict. Inst. i. 31 ; Eriostemon alpinus, F. Muell. Fragm.
i. J03. — Suraniits of the Australian Alps at an elevation of 5000 to GOOO ft.

Var. (?) sienophylJam. A small shrub. Leaves small, narrow, vnth the margins of the
leaves closely revolute so as to be often almost terete. — In the Grampian jMouutains and
desert of the Tattiara country towards the ]\lurray river, F. Mueller. — This form appears to
me so constantly distinct, as far as our speciinens show, that I should have deseribed it as a
separate species, were it not that F. Mueller ineludes it without any hesitation iu the P.
squamulosum, and I might thus be adding a useless syuonym.

18. P. tuberculosum, Benth. An erect shrub, with rigid rather slender
branches, covered with niinute scurfy scales and proniinent glandular tubercles
as in P. (jtandnlosnm. Leaves narrow-linear, obtuse, rarely above \ in. long,
the upper surface channelled, glabrous and tubercular, the under side whitisli
with scurfy scalcs, the midrib prominent and the margins sometimes re-
curved. Flowei-s fevv, in terminal umbels, scurfy-scaly as well as tlie pedicels.
Calyx small, the lobes or teeth prominent and usually as long at least as the
tube. Petals broad, nearly 2 lines long, slightly irabricate with inflexed val-
vate tips. Staraens exserted, glabrous ; anthers witiiout any conspicuous
gland. Ovary scaly. — Eriosteynon tnJjercnlosns, F. Muell. PI. Vict. i. 130.

TV. Australia, Brummond, n. 63 ; Fitzgerald river, Maxwell. This and the three
followiiig western species, like P. squamulosum aud its allies in the east, are chietly distin-
guished froni each other by the foliage, and, as a whole, the four western species scai'ccly
dilFer in anything but the foliage from the four or five eastern oues, except that the teeth or
lobes of the calyx, small as they are, are more promineut.

19. P. microphyllum, Turcz. in Bull. Mosc. 1852, ii. 159. A hcath-
like shrub, the brauches covered with scurfy scales. Leaves petiolate or
nearly sessile, oblong or oblong-linear, obtuse, 2 to 4 lines long, the margins
revolute, coriaceous, glabrous and shining above, and sometimes slightly glan-
dular, white with raiuute scurfy scales underneath. Flowers few, in sessile
terrainal umbels, scurfy-scaly outside as well as the pedicels. Calyx small,
the triangular lobes at least as long as the tube. Petals rather smaller and
not so broad as in P. tufjercnlosum, but othermse tlie same. Cocci sraall,
broad, obscurely beaked.

W. Australia. Between Swan River and King George's Sound, Brummond, Mh Coll.
n. 208, aud othor unnuinbered specimcus.

20. P. Drummondii, Benth. A sraall, elegant, much-bi-anched shrub,

344 XXVIII. RLTACE.E. [PhehaUum.

tlie l)ranclies covercd with scurfy seales niixed with a minute stellate pubes-
cence. Leaves very shortly pctiohitc^ oblonji;, obtuse, 3 to 3 lines long, flat,
coriaceous, glabrous and smootli above, silvcry-wliite luulerneath Avitii scurfy
scales often uiixed with a minute pubescence, the uiidrib not pronuueut.
"Flowers yellow, in terminal sessile unibels sliortly exceeding the leavcs and of
tlie size of those of P. sqitamilusnm, scurfy-scaly outside as well as the pedi-
cels. Calyx-lohes triangular or hinceolate, as long as or longer than the tubc.
Petals, stameus, aud ovary of P. sqnamidusum.
W. Australia, Dnimmonfl, n. 13.

21. P. filifolium, Tnrcz. in Bull. Musc. 1852, ii. 159. An erect vir-
gately-branclied shrub, hoary all over with minute scurfy scales, or the youug
brauches rust-coloured. Leaves uarrow-Iiuear, almost terete, obtuse, ^ to 1
in. loug, whitish aud scurfy-scaly ou both sides. Flow^ers h\\, ou rather
long termiual pedicels. Calyx-lobes broadly triaugular, as long as the tubc.
Petals, stameus, aud ovary of P. squamnlusum. Cocci broad, marked with
deep trausverse wriukles.

W. Australia, Unimmoiid, ith Coll. n. 178 ; oth Coll. n. 206 ; J. S. Roe.

22. P. Billardieri, J. Jnss. in Mem.. Suc. Ilist. Nat. Par. ii. 134. An
crect shrub or suiall tree, thc branches angular aud clothed with small brown
scurfy scales. Lcaves obloug, lauceolate or linear, obtuse or acute, rarely
inuler \ in. aiul often 3 in., or in very luxuriant specimens 4 or 5 in. long,
eutire, coriaceous, flat or with recurvecl margius, gUibrous above, silvery-white
inulerneath with minute scales. Plowers hi axillary corymbs, shortly peduu-
culate, but ahvays shorter thau the leaves ; peduucles and pedicels thick aud
scaly. Calyx snud!, lobed. Pctals about 2 liues long, gUibrous, slightly im-
bricate, with inflexcd valvate tips. Stamens exserted ; fllaments often hairy
in the lower portion. Ovary glabrous. Cocci small, broad, with a very sliort
beak. Seeds shining. — Hook. f. FI. Tasm. i. 63 ; Eriustemon sqnamens,
Labill. PI. Nov. Holl. i. 111, t. 141 ; P. Muell. Fragm. i. 104, and PI. Vict.
i. 129 ; P. retnsnm, Ilook. Journ. Bot. i. 254, and Ic. PI. t. 57 ; P. elattim,
A. Cmui. iu Field, N. S. Wales, 331 ; P. elaagnoides, Sieb. Pl. Exs.

W. S. 'Wales. Port Jnc-kson to thc Bhie Moiiiitains, R. Brown, Sieler, n. 111, and
otlicis ; norllnvard to llastiiigs river, Beckter, and Clarencc river, C. Moore ; soiitUward to
lliawarn, Bdckhomc.

Victoria. Dniiip forcsl-val]'\vs ncar Apollo Bay, towarJs Cape Otway, aini ncar tlie
sources of tlic Barwoii river, F. Mueltcr.

Tasmania. l'ort Dalryinplc, It. Brown ; abumlant tlirongliout tlic colony iu daiiip
woods, J. I). llooker.

23. P. argenteum, Sm. in Pees Cijcl. xxvii. A tall, stout, erect shrub,
the youngcr brauehes angular and covered with white scurfy scales. Leaves
lanceolate, acute or obtusc, 2 to 3 or sometimcs 4 in. long, eutire, flat, nar-
rowcd at the base, glabrous on both sides when full growu, spriukled under-
neath when young with a few scurfy scales. Plowers largcr than in most
species, iu suudl axillary or tcrminal simple or compound cymes, much shortcr
tluui the leaves, the whole infloresceuce as well as tlie calyx and pctals densely
covered with silveiy-scurfy scales. Calyx-Iobes about as loug as the tube.
Petals 2^ to ucar 3 lines long, valvate. Stauiens shorter thau the petals,
glabrous. Ovary deusely scaly. Cocci truncate, with short divcrgcnt beaks.

Phebalium^ xxviii. rutace.e. 345

— P. anceps, t>C. Prod. i. 719; A. Juss. in Mem. Soc. liist. Nat. Par. ii.
133, t. 12 ; Bartl. in Pl. Preiss. i. 171 ; Eriostemon aticeps, Spreng. Syst. ii.
323; F. Muell. Fragm. i. 103.

■W. Australia. Kina; George's Sound, Menzies, R. Brown, and others ; Port Lesche-
iiaiilt and Princess lloyal Harbour, Preiss, n. 2011 ; aud various localities near the S. coast,
Drummond, Olclfield, and othcrs.

24. P. ovatifolium, F. Maell. in Trans. Phil. Soc. Vict. i. 99. A
compact, much branched, bushy shrub, with niuch the aspect of the European
Box, the young branchcs rusty or hoary with scurfy scales. Leaves shortly
pctiohite, broadly ovate, very obtuse, rarely excceding ^ in. and often smaller,
flat or with sliglitly recurved thickened margins, coriaceous, sraooth and
sliining above, hoary or white underneath with scurfy scales. Peduncles
axillary, 1-flowered, shorter than the leaves, bearing 2 or 3 small leafy bracts.
Calyx-lobes triangular, with few scurfy scales. Pctals nearly 3 lines long,
without scales (oidy seen fully expanded). Staraens shorter tlian the petals,
tlie filaments sliglitly dilated. Ovary densely covered with silvery scales.
Cocci vcry minutely beaked. — Eriostemon ovatifuliiis, F. Muell. Fragm. i.
103; PLVict. i. 131.

Victoria. Alpine regions of the ^Muuyang raountains and among rocks betweeu Mount
Wcllingtou aud Hardinge range towards the sources of Macalister river, F. Mueller.

25. P. rude, Bartl. in Pl. Preiss. i. 172. A much-branched bushy
shrub, the young branclies white with scurfy scales. Leaves crowded, broadly
cuneate, obcordate or obovate, very obtuse, truncate or shortly 2-lobed, J in.
loug, or less on tlie flowering branches, twice as long on luxuriant barren shoots,
entire, narrowed at the base, flat, green on both sitles or whitish with scurfy
scales. Peduncles axiUary, 1- or very rarely 2-flowered, shorter than the
lcaves, covered as well as the calyx and petals Avith silvery scales. Calyx
sraall, truncate, with very small teeth. Petals 2 lines long or rather more,
valvate. Stamens shorter than the petals ; fihunents glabrous, dilated at the
base. Ovary scaly. Cocci with a conical bcak. — P. bilobum, Bartl. in Pl.
Preiss. i. 172, not Lindley ; Eriostemon bilobus, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 102.

W. Australia. King George's Sound aud islauds ou thc S. coast, R. Brown, A. Cku-
vuKjham, aud others ; Bald Head aud Konkongerup hills, Preiss, n. 2038 and 2039, aud
othcr parts of the S. districts, Brummond, Mh Coll. and hth Coll. n. 207, and others.

26. P. amblycarpum, Benth. Shrnb])y, the young branclies wliite
with scurfy scales. Leaves linear-cuneate, very obtuse, not exceeding |- in.,
notched or sometimes 2-lobed at the top, but otherwise entire, narrowed at
the base, thick, scurfy-scaly whcn young, green when full grown. Peduucles
axilhn-y, 1-flowered, shorter than the leaves, more or less covered as well as
the calyx and petals with scurfy scales. Calyx-tceth very short and broad.
Petals not 2 lines long, valvate or very slightly imbricate, with inflexed val-
vate tips. Stamens shorter than the petals ; filaraents ghibrous. Ovary
alraost witliout scales. Cocci angular at the top, but scarcely beaked. — Erio-
sleuion amblycarpus, F. MuelL Fragm. i. 102.

■^V. Australia. Fitzgcrald river, Maxwell.

27. P. Baxteri, Benth. A rigid shrub, the young branches white with
scurfy scalcs. Lcavcs crowded and ckistercd in thc axils, linear-cuneate, \ to

346 XXVIII. UUTACE.E. [Phebnlinm.

■f iii. long, miich dilated at the siinimit, with 2 divcrging or divaricate lobes,
otherwise entire, rigid, the margins rc;vokite, glanduhir-scabrous above, scuify-
scaly underncath. Flowers nuich Larger than in any otlier rhebaUum, on vcry
short axillary pcdicels with 2 or 3 leafy bracts. Calyx-lobcs abnost as h)ng
as tlic tube. Petals 4 to 5 Hnes long, denscly scaly outside, lanccoLate with
small inflcxed tips, but the bud not seen. Longer staniens almost equaUing tlie
pctals, filaments flattened, gla1)rous ; anthers minutely apicuhite. Ovary
bearing a few scalcs. Fruit not seen.

W. Australia. S. coast, Baxter {Ilb. R. Sr.).

7. MICROCYBE, Turcz.

Sepals 5, small, tliin, free or slightly united. Petals 5, slightly imbricate
in the bud. Disk none. Stamens 10, exserted ; filaments flbform, glabrous
or cibate at the base ; anthers tipped vvith a small ghmd. Carpels 2, dis-
tinct ; styles inserted above the niitklle and immcdiately united into one fiU-
forra style, with a minute stigma. Ovules 2, collaterak pendulous. Cocci
2-valvcd, roundcd at the top and not bcaked, thc endocarp cartilaginous and
separating ekistically. Seeds usually solitaiy. — Hcath-like shrubs, gkd)rous
except scurfy scales on the young branches and under side of the k-avcs.
Leavcs numerous, small. Flowers small, in dense tcrminal sessilc hcads,
with small leafy bracts at the base of the outer ones.

The tjcnns is limited to Australia, and might be considercd as a section of Fhcharuim.
A pcculiar habit, howevcr, accompanied by a marked diflcrcncc iu the ovary, has iudnced me
to retain it as a separate genus.

Leaves very spreading, linear, smootli or rough, wilh small glandular

tubcrdcs, the nppcr ones usnally excceding the flovver-hcads ... 1. M. pauciflora.

Leavcs slightly sprcading, lincar, with icw hu-ge promineut transpareut

glands shorter than thc flowcr-lieads 2. M. muHiflora.

Leaves very small, ovate, couvex, retlexed, shortcr thau the small llowcr-

heads Z. M. albiflora.

1. M. pauciflora, Turcz. in Bull. Mosc. 18.52, ii. 167. Branchcs
rigid, hoary or ahuost tomentose with peltatc fringed scak^s or stelkite hairs.
Leaves sprea(Hug, linear, obtuse, 2 to 4 lines long, tlie margins revokitc, so
as to be akiiost terete, coinaceous, glabrons and smootk abovc, or rougk witk
vcry smootk glandidar tubercles, tke nndcr side scaly-tomentosc but usually
concealcck Flower-keads about 3 lines diametcr, sessile amongst tke upj^cr
k'avcs, wkick usually exceed thcni. Sepals Hncar-kinceok-itc, transparcnt,
smaH, and easily overlooked. Petals scarccly l^ Hnes long. Fikimcnts
glabrous or ciHate. Cocci smaH, roundcd at tke top, tbe valves coriaceous,
pitted but not wrinkled, and usually witkout scales. Seeds tuberculatc. —
Aderolasia chorllrenoides, F. MuelL Trans. Vict. List. i. 116; Erioslemon ca-
pitatus, F. MueU. Fragm. i. 106.

S. Anstralia. Scacoast near Lakc Hamilton, Wilhelmi ; Venns Bay, Warburton.
y^. Australia, Drummond, ^th Coll. n. 209 ; King George's Sound, A. Cunning-
ham ; E. jNIouut Barren, Herb. Mueller.

2. M. multiflora, Tarcz. in Bull. Mose. 1852, ii. 166. Glabrous, or
the yoimg branclics sHghtly scaly. Leaves Hnear, obtuse, rarely excccding
2 lines, the margins revolute so as to conceal the under surfiice, coriaccous.

Microcybe^ xxviii. kutace.e. 347

alniost shining, with 6 to 8 large promincnt glandular tubercles. Flovver-
heads rather larger than in M. pauclflora. Sepals linear-spathulate. Petals
nearly 2 lines iong. Filainents glabrous. Cocci rouncled as in M. pajicijiora,
but reticulate, and often retaining the scales of the ovary. Seeds reticulate.
■^V. Australia, Dncmnwnd, ^th CoU. n. 211.

3. M. albiflora, Turcz. in Bull. Mosc. 1852, ii. 167. Smaller than the
other two species ; the young branches scaly. Leaves ovate, obtuse, seldom
above 1 line long, reflexed, convex, coriaceous, marked with a few large
prominent transparent ghiuds, the upper ones shoiier than the flowers.
Flower-heads mostly of only 3 or 4 sraall flowers. Sepals lanceohite, trans-
parent, united to the middle, according to Turczaninow, but free or nearly
so in our specimens. Petals scarcely ] line long, slightly scaly outside.
Ovary less scaly than in the other species. Fniit not seeu.

W. Australia, Brummond, hth Coll. n. 210.

8. GELEZNOWIA, Turcz.

(Sandfordia, Drumm.)
Sepals 5, large, petal-like, imbricate, exceeding the petals. Petals 5, ob-
long, imbricate in tlie bud. Disk inconspicuous. Stamens 10, shorter than
the petals; tilaments subulate, ghibrous ; anthers not apiculate. Carpels 5,
tlistinct or nearly so ; styles inserted near the summit, immediately united
into one filiform style, with a peltate obscurely lobed stigraa. Ovules 2,
superposed. Cocci 2-valved, not beaked. — Rigid, usually glaucous shrubs.
Leaves alternate, small, rigid, crowded or almost imbricate. Flowers 1 to 3
together, sessile at the ends of the branches, remarkable for the large, leafy
or petal-Iike bracts and sepals, exceeding the leaves.

The genus is limited to Australia, and in common with several others unitcd by F. Mueller
with EriostemoH, but the peculiar habit, large calyx, and insertion of the styles appear to iiie
sufficient to retaiu it as a genus.

Sepals oblong, not much esceeding the petals.

Carpels of the fruit rounded at the top, not ionger Ihan broad . . \. G. verrjicosa.

Carpels of the fruit uarrowed at the top, fully twice as long as broad 2. G. macrocarpa.
Sepals broadly ovate or orbicular, the petals niuch shorter. Carpels

of G. verrucosa Z. G. cali/cina.

1. G. verrucosa, Turcz. in Bull. Mosc. 1849, ii. 13. A bushy, rigid,
glabrous, often glaucous shrub. Leaves crowded, obovate-oblong, obtuse,
rarely exceeding 2 lines, thick, flat or concave above, convex undenieath, and
tuberculate with large prominent glands, a few of the uj)per leaves passing
into sepal-like bracts. Sepals not 4 lines long, narrower than in G. calycina,
the petals nearly as long, and both more or less glandular-warted outside.
Ovary covered with miiuitely ciliate wart-Iike scales. Style elongated. Cocci
(not yet quite ripe) not half so long as the petals, as broad as long, rounded
at the top. — Eriostemon Geleznowii, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 107.

W. Australia, Drummond, n. 8. Some specimens from Sharks Bay, Bevham,
and Dirk Hartog's Islaud, Milne, appear to belong to the same species, but they are not in
flower.

2. G. macrocarpa, Benth. From the fragmentaiy specimens we pos-
sess, this appears to bc nearly allied to G. verrucosa, with similar small leaves,

348 XXVIII. RUTACE.E. [Geleznowia.

except that they are uot so tliick. Flowcrs large, tlie sepals iiarrow as in
G. verrucosa, biit attaiiiiiig -1 iii. Petals ncarly 5 lincs. Cocci (iiot yet fully
rij^e) more thau twicc as long as broad, narrowcd at the top, attaiuiug about
3 lines, covered upwards with wart-like ghuids.
"W. Australia. Murchisou river, Olclfield.

3. G. calycina, BentJi. Kigid and erect, glaucous, aud often turniug
yellow in drying, glubrous, or with a few hairs under the fiowers. Leaves
crowded, obovate or obloiig, obtuse, in some specimens 2 to 3 lines loug, iu
others attainiug \ in., the uppermost passing into sepal-lilce bracts. Sepals
broadly ovate or alraost orbicuhar, attaiiiiug 4 or 5 lines. Petals vcry niuch
shorter and narrower. Ovary covered with wart-like scah^s. Style rather short.
Cocci (not yet quite ripe) not half so long as the pctals, as lu'oad as loug,
rounded at the top. — Smidfordia cali/cina, Urumm. in Hook. Kew Journ. vii. 54 ;
Eriostemon Sandfordii, F. ]\Iuell. Fragm. i. 107.

TV. Australia. Sand plains, Ilill river, and S. of the Irwiu, Drumviond ; Murchison
river, Oldjidd.

9. PHILOTHECA, Eudge.

Calyx 5-cleft. Petals 5, imbricate in the bud. Disk slightly lobed.
Stamens 10, shorter than the petals ; filaments united into a glabrous tube
at tlie base, free upwards, and vcry haiiy ; anthers oblong, all perfect, minutely
ai)iculate. Carpels 5, uearly distinct froni the base ; styles insertcd below the
middle, and immediately united in a single style, hirsute in tlie middle ;
stigma sniall. Ovules 2 in each carpel, supcrposed. Cocci truucate, 2-valved,
the endocarp cartilaginous and separating elastically. — Erect, heatli-like
shrubs, glabrous, or nearly so. Leaves crowded, alternate, narrow-linear.
Flowers terminal, nearly sessile, solitary or two or three together.

A gcnus entirely Australian, difFeving from Eriostemon, witli which F. MucUcr unites it,
only in the monadelphous stamens.

Leaves obtuse, mostly under 3 lines long 1. P. aiistralis.

Lcaves acute, mostly ilboVe 3 lines long 2. P. ReiclienbacttlaHa.

1. P. australis, Itndge, in Trana. Linn. Soc. xi. 298, t. 21. Glabrous
or sprinklcd with a minute pidjescence. Leavcs numerous, linear, obtusc,
rarely excceding 3 lines, rather thick, flat or chaiinelled above, very convex
underncath, or almost terete. Flowcrs usually solitary, but sometimes 2 or
3 together. Sepals small, broadly triangular. Petals 3 or 4 lines long,
broadly lanceolate, niinutely hoary-pubesccnt on both sides, except a broad
glabrous central line outsidc. Stamcns rathcr shorter than the pctals. Cocci
shortly beaked. — Uriosieinon salsolifolius, Sm. in K-ees, Cycl. xiii.

N. S. V^ales. Port Jackson, R. Brown, Sietjer, n. 307, and others.
Var. parvijtora. Leaves more eiliate. Flowers niuch smaller ; the petals scarcely 2^
lincs long. — P. ciliata, llook. in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 347.
Queensland. Near Mount Faraday, Mitclietl.

2. P. Reichenbachiana, Siet).; Spreng. Syst. Ciir. Post. 253. Very
near F. anstralis, with -which F. Mueller proposes to unitc it, but the leaves
always appear to be acute and longer, although rarely exceeding ^ in., the
poiut sometimes qiute pungent. Flowers usually larger thaii in P. amtralis,

Phllotheca?^ xxviii. rutace^. 349

aiKl tlie haii-s of the uppcr part of the filamciits so long and dcnse as com-
pletely to cover the anthers. — Eeichb. Icon. Exot. t. 200 (incorrect as to
caqoological details) ; P. longifuUa, Turcz. in Bull. Mosc. 1849, ii. 16.

W. S. TVales. Port Jaclcsou, R. Brown, Sieber, n. 308, and othcrs ; in the interior to
the norlliward of Bathurst, A. Cunningham.

P. GiiufHchaudi, G. Don, Gen. Syst. i. 792, from N. S. Wales, is not described so as to
be recognizable.

10. DRUMMONDITA, Harv.

Sepals 5, short. Petals 5, erect, concave, imbricate in the bud. Disk
fleshy, 5-lobed. Stamcns 10, the fiknients united into a long hairy tul)e, free
at ihe top, 5 longer ones without antliers, pluniose with long hairs, 5 shorter
ones bearing anthers bearded on ihe back, acute at the top. Carpels 5,
glabrous, free from the base ; styles inserted near tlieir summit, and imme-
diately united into one filiform style ; stigma capitate. Fruit unknown. —
Skrub with lieath-like leaves, aud solitary terminal yellowish flowers.

The geuus is liraited to a siugle species, and appcars from the character to differ from
Philoiheca ouly iu the abortion of half the aulhers. The ouly specimen, however, which I
have seen, is a mere fragmeut insutiicieutf for pro])er examiuatiou, and 1 am therefore im-
willing to make auy chauge without further iuformatiou.

1. D. ericoides, Harv. in Ilook. Kew Jonrn. vii. 53. An erect, brancli-
ing, heath-like shmb. Leaves crowded, linear, semiterete, channelled al)ove,
ciliohitc, with a large termiual giand, and spriukled with black glauduhu" dots.
Flowers terminal, solitary, erect, almost sessile. Petals yellowish, gi-eeii at
the extremity. Staminal tube longer than the petals, white-tomentose out-
side, purple abo\e the middle, sparingiy pid)esceut inside.

W. Australia. Near the summit of White Peak, /. Brummond.

11. ASTEROLASIA, F. Muell.

(Urocarpus, Brumm)

Calyx very minute or obsok^te. Petals 5, tomentose outside, valvate and
usually induplicate in the bud. Disk none. Stamens 10 or niorc, free, fila-
meuts filiform, glabrous or very sligiitly^ciliate, anthers not apiculate. Carpels
2 to 5, imited to the middle, or nearly to the top, into a siugie shortly-lobed
or tnmcate ovary of 2 to 5 cells. Style inserted between the lobes, filiforra,
with a large reflexed peltate or deeply-lobed stigma. Cocci tardily separatiug,
truncate, and often beaked, 2-valved ; endocaiiD cartilaginous, separating clas-
tically. — Shrubs or undershrubs, more or less stellate-tomentose, or, in one
species, the tomentuni united into scurfy scales. Leaves alteruate, simple.
Plowers sessile or pedicellate, axilhuy or terminal, solitary or few together.

The geuus is limited to Australia, aud, with several of the prcccding ones, has been re-
cehtly uuited with Eriostemon, by F. Muellcr ; but the uniou of the carpels, more complctc
than iu the exceptioual Eriostemon trachyphyllHS, the large retlexed stigma, the great re-
ductiou or abortion of the calyx, aud the asstivation of the pctals, are accompanied by dif-
ferences in habit, vvhich seem fully to justify the maintenance of tlie genus. I have now
added Vrocarpus, Drumm., as a scction, for, ou a detailed examination of all the specics,
tiie diffcrences are reduccd to the uumber of carpels of the ovary, which is variable. Thc
curious teudcncy to an increase in thc usual number of stamcns is observable in somc specics
of both sectious.

350 XXVIII. rutacEjE. [Aderolasia.

Sect. ]. Euasterolasia. — Ovary ^-mcrous.
Stigiua rcflexeJ-peltate, scarcely lobed. Ovary with 5 ercct lobes.
Flowers pediceilate.

Leaves ovatc to laaceolate, 1 to 2 iii., glabrous aiid siiiootli

above . . . \. A. correifoUa.

Leaves obovate to narrow-oblong, rarely above 1 in., rough

above with stellate hairs .... * 2. J. MucUeri.

Flowers sessile. Leaves obovate, coriaceous, glabrous abovc . Z. A. bu.rifoUa.
Stignia with 5 distiiict reflexcd lobes. Ovary truucatc, scarcely
lobed, slightly dcprcssed iu the ceutre.
Leaves flat, obovate-oblong or lanccolate, f to 1| iu., tomcntose

ou both sides. Flowers shortly pcdiccUate 4. ^. moUis.

Lcaves under \ in. Flowers sessile.

Leaves obovate or cuneate, flat or concave, tomentose on both

sijes h. A. pleurandroides.

Leaves ovate or obloug, the margius revolute, glabrous above 6. A. trymaUoides.
Sect. 2. Urocarpus. — Ovary 2-S-nierous.
Indumeutum scaly. Ovary divided to the middlc. Leaves oblong 7. A. squamuU//era.
ludumentum of stellate hairs. Leaves mostly ovate.
Stamens 10 to 15. Ovary usually 2-merous.

Ovary with 2 erect lobes 8. A. pa/Uda.

Ovary truncate, not lobed 9. A. p/iebi>Uoides.

Stameus above 20. Ovary usually 3-merou9 10. A. yrandijlora.

Section 1. EuASTEROLASi.v. — Ovavy 5-merous.

1. A. correifolia, Benth. A. tall shrub, the branches densely tomen-
tose. Leaves petiolate, from ovate to lanccolate, obtiise, mostly 1 to 2 in.
long, flat, glabrous and smooth above, softly velvety-tomentose underneatli.
Pk)wcrs (wliite?) on short pedieels, in axiHary or terminal clusters. Calyx
excecdingly rainute, concealed undcr the stellate hairs. Pctals about 2\ lines
lon<T, valvate and slightly indupbcate, tomentose outside. Stamcns 10.
Ovary dcnsely tomentose, vvith 5 short, erect lobcs. Stigma large, rcflcxed-
pcltatc, scarcely lobed. Cocci small, truncate, with incurved beaks on thcir
outcr angle. — Phebaliuni correcefolium , A. Juss. ia Mem. Soc. Ilist. Nat.
Par. ii. 130, t. 10; P. ovatum, Sieb. Pl. Exs. ; Eriostemon correifolius
(partly), F. Muell. Fragm. i. 105 ; Pl. Vict. i. 132.

N. S. 'Wales. Port Jackson, R. BroiSn, Sieber, n. 113, A. CutminglMtn; Paramatta,
WooUs.

2. A. Muelleri, Benth. A low shrub, allied to A. correifolia, with
whicli F. MiicUer now unit(;s it, but from the spccimens I have seen it a])-
pears to nie better to consider it as a distinct species, as he originally pro-
posed. Leaves petioUite, from obovate to narrow-oblong, vcry obtuse, rarely
exceeding 1 in. when vcry luxuriant, and often much smallcr, fiat, narrowcd
at the base, rough above with scattered stelhitc hairs, densely tomentosc
underneatli. Flowers of A. correifolia, but the pedicels usually longer, and
the calyx rather more conspicuous. Cocci truncate as in that species, but
the licads mucli more horizontally divaricate. — Phehalium asteriscophorum,
F. Muell. iu Trans. Vict. Inst. i. 31 ; Eriostemon correifolius (partly), F.
Muell. Fragm. i. 105, and Pl. Vict. i. 132.

Victoria. Ravines of Buffalo moimtains, Buffalo river, and Mount Disappointment,
F. MueUer.

Asterolasia^ xxvm. rctace.i^. 351

3. A. buxifolia, Benth. A ri<>i(l shrub of several feet, the youiig branches
densely tonientose. Leaves petioLate, from obovate to oblong-cuneate, very
obtuse, niostly about \ in. long; the margins slightly recurved, naiTowed
at the base, coriaceous, giabrous and shining above, white underneath with a
short dense tomentum. Flowers terminal or axillary, sessile within 3 or 4
ovate concave leafy bracts, assuming the appearance of sepals. Calyx entirely
obsolete. Petals 2^ to nearly 3 lines long, tomentose outside. Stamens
often 2 or 3 more than 10. Ovary glabrous, with 5 short erect lobes. Stigma
kirge, reflexed-peltate, sliglitly lobed at tlie edge. Cocci ghibrous, with shortly
divaricate obtusely triangular beaks. — Phebalium buxifolium, A. Cunn. Herb.

N. S. Wales. Blue Mountaius, A. and R. Cunningham.

4. A. moUis, Benth. An erect spreading shrub, softly tomentose, with
steUate spreading hairs. Leaves petiohite, from obovate tooblong or lanceo-
Late, obtuse, | to l^ in, long, flat, tomentose on both sides. Flowers shortly
])ediceUate, few together in terminal or rarely axiUary chisters. Sepals smaU,
lanceohate, closely appressed, so as to be almost concealed under the dense
tomentum of the petak. Petals about 3 Unes long. Ovary densely steUate-
tomentose, rounded at the top, and sUghtly depressed in the centre, where
the styles are inserted. Stigma large, reflexed, 5-lobed. Fruit not seen. —
1'hehaliuhi hexapetalum, A. Juss. in Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Par. ii. 131, t. 11.

N. S. Wales, Gaudichaud. Arbuthuofs Range in the N.W. interior, Fraser. Thc
fiowers on Gaudichaud's specinieu are ver)- few, aud one is certaiuly 5-merous; it is there-
fure proliably by accident ouly that thosc examined by Jussieu were 6-merous.

5. A. pleurandroides, F. Muell. A low rigid shnib, densely tomen-
tose or ahnost wooUy. Leaves crowded, obcordate, spathulate or oblong-
cuneate, very obtuse or tnincate, rarely exceeding 4 Unes, thick, flat or con-
cave, steUate-haiiy on both sides, Flowers yeUow, closely sessile, solitaiy,
tenninal, aUhough from the sliortness of the branches they often a])pear
axiUary.' Calyx none, nnless it be represented by 3 or 4 upper smaUer leaves,
which appear to aUernate with the petals. Petals indupUcate-valvate, about
4 Unes long, tomentose outside. Stamens 10. Ovary densely steUate-hir-
sute, truncate, scarcely depressed in the centre where the styles are attaclied.
Stigma decply divided into thick, Unear, recurved, densely papUIose lobes.
Cocci tomentose, not beaked. — J. phebalioides, F. ]\IueU. in Trans. PhiL Soc.
Vict. i. 10; Eriostemon pleurandroides, F. MueU. Fragm. i. 106, and PL
Vict. i. 133.

Victoria, Arid and stony slopes of the Serra and Victoria ranges, F. Mur.ller. I
have adopted F. Mueller's chauge of the specific name from pheballoides to pleurandroides,
as the latter is much more appropriate, aud the former would clash with Vrocarpus pheba-
lioides, Drumm., now transferred to Asterolasia.

6. A. trymalioides, F. Mudl. in Trans. Phil. Soc. Vict. i. 10. A
low rigid shnU), the branches densely tomentose. Leaves ovate obovate or
oblong, very obtuse, mostly 2 to 4 lincs long, the margins much revoUitc,
coriaceous, ghibrous and sliining above when fuU-grown, tomentose under-
neath. Flowers yeUow, sessile, terminaL soUtary or 2 or 3 together, with 2
small bracts at their base. Calyx very smaU, with thin almost transparent
ovate lobes. Petals indupUcate-valvate in the bud, spreading, and attaining
about 3 Uues. Stameus 10. Ovaiy tomentose, truncate, sUghtly depressed

352 XXVIII. RLTACE.E. [Jsterolasia.

in tlie centre wheve the styles are inserted. Stiii^ma deeply divided into oblong,
reflexed, denscly papillose lobes. Cocci toiacntose, truncate, not beaked.
Seeds smooth and shining. — Eri.osleinon irjjuiulioides, F. Muell. rragm. i. 106,
and Pl. Yict. i. IS^.

N. S. Wales. Momit Kosciiisko, F. MncUer.

Victoria. On the highest suinmits of the Australian Alps, not dcsccuding hclow 5000
ft. elevatiou, F, Mueller.

Section 2. Urocabfus. — Ovary 2- or 3-merous.

7. A. squamuligera, Bentli. A weak shrub or nndcrshrnb, the younger
branches covered with miuute scurfy scales, often fringed with short rigid hairs.
Leaves oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, \ to near 1 in. long, rather thick, ncrvelcss,
narrowed into a short petiole. Fiowers few, in terminal nmbels, surronndctl
by short coloured bracts, witli occasionally 1 or 2 longer leafy ones. Pecbccls
slender, rarely exceeding \ in. Calyx very minute. Petals narrow-ovate, 3
to 3^ lines long. Stamens 10. Ovary of 2 or rarely 3 carpels, forming erect
lobes, narrowed upwards, covered with scurfy scales. Stigma divided into 2
or 3 harge reflexed lobes. Cocci, when young, obtusely acuminate and erect,
but not seen ripe. — Fhehcdiuni squaninHgerum, Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 727 ; Erio-
stemoii Jlookeri, F. ]\IueII. Fragm. i. 104.

W. Australia. Betweeu Svvau River and King Gcorge's Sonnd, Drummond.

8. A. pallida, Bentli. Branches weak, almost herbaceous, clothed with
stellate hairs, sometimes slightly united into scales. Leaves distinctly pctio-
late, ovate or orbicular, very obtuse, 3 to 5 lines long, flat, sprinklcd above
and more densely covered underneath with stellate hairs. Pedicels l-flowcred,
axillary and solitary, or several together in tcrminal umbels, with small or leafy
bracts at their base. Petals 2 to 2| lines long, indnjilieate-valvate, the pai-t
exposed in the bud stellate-tomentose. Stamens 10 to 15. Ovary denscly
stellate-hairy, consisting of 2 carpels, with 2 short erect lobes, between which
the styles are inserted. Cocci beaked, the conical beaks remaining erect for
sonie time after the flowering is over, becoming somcwhat lengthened and di-
varicate at tlie fruit ripens.

W. Australia, Dnunmond, n. 43 and 112.

9. A. phebalioides, Benth. Branches elongated, often appcaring gla-
brous, but really clotlied with a minnte stellate pidjcscence. Leaves on rathcr
long pctioles, orbicular, ovate or oblong, obtuse, mostly under \ in. long,
rarely f in. Pedicels slcnder, eithcr in tcrminal umbels soon beconiing lateral,
or 2 or 3 together in the upper axils. Flowers as iu A. palliJa, at least whcn
fuUy out. Ovary stcllate-haiiy, truncate and not lobed, the 2 carpels united
at the top, and retaining the shape for sonie time after flowering, the outer
anales at leniilh "Towiug ont into lou"- horizontallv diverKiuiir beaks. — Uro~
carpus pJiehalioiiles, Drumm. in Ilook. Kew Journ. vii. 55 ; Eriostenion Drum-
mondii, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 105.

■W. Australia. Jlount Lcsueur, Drumnwnd.

10. A. grandiflora, Benth. Branches rather slender, clothed with
short stcllate hairs. Leaves shortly petiolate, ovate or oblong, obtuse, mostly
\nidcr 5 in. long, tlic margins rccurved, the niidrib promincut nndcrneath.

Aslerolasla.] xxviii. rutace^. 353

sprinkled above and more densely clothed nnderneath with short stelhite
hairs. Pedicels teruaina!, usually several togetlier, with short ovate, coloured
or leafy bracts at their base. Petals induplicate-valvate, tomentose outside,
not large when first expanded, but attaining at iength 5 or G llnes. Stamens
20 to 25. Ovary densely stellate-hairy, with 3 short erect lobes. Pruit not
sccn. — Phebaliam grandijiorum, Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 724 ; Eriostemou (jrandijlorus,
P. Muell. Fragm. i. 105.
IV. Australia, Bnimnmid.

12. CORREA, Sm.

(Didyraeria, Lindl.)

Calyx cup-shaped, tnincate and 4- or 8-toothed, or 4-lobed. Petals 4, val-
vate, connate in a cylindrical or campanulate tube, sometimes separating as tlie
flower expands, spreading at the top. Disk shortly lobed. Stamens 8, free ;
anthers without appendages. Ovary of 4 carpels nearly distinct from the base ;
styles inserted above the middle, and immediately united into one filiform
style, with a small often shortly 4-lobed stigma ; ovules 2 in each carpel, su-
perposed. Cocci 4, truncate, 2-valved, the endocarp cartilaginous and sepa-
rating elastically. — Slu-ubs or rarely small trees, stellate-tomentose or rarely
glabrous. Leaves opposite, petiolate, simple. Plowers rather large and
sliowy, red yellow white or green, usually pendulous, solitary or 2 or 3 to-
gether, axillary or terminal. Petals usually mealy-tomentose outside.

The genus is limited to Australia.
Petals free after the flower is expanded.

Calyx with 4 lanceolate teeth as long as the tube. Filainents di-

lated at the base 1. C. (vmula.

Calyx truncate, with 4 minute teeth. Filaments tilifonn or scarcely

dilated 2. C alba.

Petals connate or cohering till they fall off.

Calyx truncate, with 4 minute or very broad teeth.

Four of the tilanients dilated below the middle 3. C. speciosa.

Fihunents all eqnally filiform or scarcely dil.ited 4. C. T.nv)renciana.

Calyx with 4 short broad and 4 longer filiform teeth .... 5. C. decmnhens.

1. C. aemTila, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 3, and Pl. Fict. i. 139, t. 7. A tall
shrub, with spreading branches, hirsute or tomentose with stellate often sti-
pitate hairs. Leaves shortly petiolate, orbicular, ovate or ovate-kuiceolate,
obtuse, rarely exceeding 1 in., except in hixm-iant baiTcn shoots, often slightly
cordate, scabrous above, densely tomentose underneath. Pedicels axillary,
1-ttowered, slender, bearing a pair of small orbicular leafy bracts near the
base, and 2 smaller subulate ones higher up. Flowers pendulous, dull-green
or purple. Calyx sprinkled with stellate hairs, the lobes lanceolate acumi-
nate, usually as long or longer than the tube. Petals linear, about 1 in. long,
cohering when young, but separating as the flower expands. Filaments di-
lated and oblong near the base, filiform upwards. Ovary densely hirsute.
Style glabrous. — Didymeria (v.mida, Lindl. in IMitch. Three Exped. ii. 198.

Victoria. Stony shady declivities of the Serra and Victoria ranges, F. Mueller, and
previously gathcred l)y Miichell in the same district.

S. Australia. Kocky glens of the Barossa ranges and mountains near Encouuter Bay,
F. MueUer.

VOL. I. 2 A

354 XXVIII. RUTACE^. [Correa.

A. Cunningbam's friiiting specinicn, rcferred here by Lindley, appears to be rather the C.
.ipeciosa, with the calyx accideutally split up.

2. C. alba, Andr. Bot. Rep. ^.18. A compact much-branchcd shrub,
rarely above 3 or 4 ft. high, and often much lower, thc branches clothed with
a hoary or rusty tomentum, either close or ahnost floccose. Leavcs frora or-
bicular to ovate obovate or elliptical, very obtuse, -^ to 1 in. long or rarely
more, coriaceous, slightly tomentose or at length glabrous above, densely to-
mentose underneath. Pedicels terminal, very short, solitary or 2 or 3 toge-
ther. Flowers wliite or pink. Calyx toraentose, truncate, with 4 very small
teeth. Petals toraentose outside, not exceeding \ in., free from their first
opening, but connivent in a more bell-sliaped and less elongated corolla than
the other species. Pihmients equally filiform or scarcely dilated. — Vent. Jard.
Mahn. t. 13 ; DC. Prod. i. 719 ; Bot. Eeg. t. 515 ;' P. MueU. Pl. Yict. i.
135 ; C. cotinifolia, Sahsb. Parad. Lond. t. 100 ; Mazeidoxeron riifim, Labill.
Vov. ii. 12, t. 17 ; C. mfa, Vent. Jard. Mabn. in note to t. 13 ; Labill. Pl.
Nov. HoU ii. 120; DC' Prod. i. 719 ; Hook. f. Pl. Tasm. i. 61.

Victoria. Frequcut alonii; the sandy or rocky seashore, U. Brown, F. Mueller.

Tasmania, R. Brown ; abundaut, espccially near the coast, /. B. Ilooker.

S. Australia. Ou the coast, extending to St. Vinceufs Gulf, F. Mueller ; Kangaroo
Tsland, Waierhniise.

Var. rotiindifuUa. Densely hirsute. Leaves small and bi'oad. riowers sessile, terniinal
or iu the forks of the upper brauches. — C. rotundifolia, Lindl. in Mitch. Three Expcd. ii.
219. — Ncar the Glenelg, Mitchell ; appareutly not uncommon along the coast of Victoria
and S. Australia.

8. C. speciosa, Ait. Epit. Hort. Kew. 366. A shrub, variable in size
and habit, usuaUy rigid and low, and rarely exceeding 6 to 8 ft., the steUate
tomentura very variable, usually loose and abundant ou the branches or some-
times on the whole plant, dense and soft on the under side of the leaves, dis-
appearhig on tlie upper surface or sometiraes on the whole plant, except the
peckincles and flowers. Leaves veiy shortly petiolate, from broadly ovate or
cordate to narrow-oblong or lanceolate, obtuse or retuse, usuaUy from f to
1| in. long, rarely aU under 1 in., or tlie larger ones attaining 2 in. Flowers
red, varying to white or yellowish-green, terrainal, shortly pediceUate and
pendulous, or a few rarely erect, sohtary or 2 or 3 together. Calyx hoary or
rusty-toracntose, truncate, with 4 minute teeth. Petals hoary-tomentose out-
side, united the greatcr part of their length into a cyhndrical or shghtly cam-
pandate coroUa of f to l^ in., with 4 spreading lobes. Stamens exserted,
the filaments of tliose opposite the petals more or less dilated below the mid-
dle.— 1)C. Prod. i. 719 ; F. MueU. Pl. Vict. i. 136.

N, S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown, Sieber, n. 238 and 239, and others ; north-
ward aud southward to the limits of the colony, apparently not extending inlaud far beyond
the Blue Mouutains.

Victoria. Not rare in heathy and barren rocky localities, not asceuding to alpine ele-
vatious; knowu to the colonists as Native FucJisia, F. Mneller.

Tasmania, R. Brown ; abundaut throughout the colony, /. Z). Hooker.

S. Australia. From the Great Australiau Bight to Lake Torrens, F. Mueller.

"W. Australia. Kiug George's Sound, Maclean.

I follow F. Mueller in unitiug uuder one uame all Correas with a truncate 4-toothed calyx,
united pctals, and 4 of the fiiainents diiated. At the same time, although the following
races may occasionally be fouud to pass one into another, yet they appear geuerally so dis-
tinct, that I feel some hesitation in refusing to recognize them as species.

Co)'rea.] xxviii. nuTACEiR. 355

tr. normaUs. Branelies loosely and copionsly tomentose, sometimes alniost woolly or
vcry hirsute. Lcaves mostly cordate-ovate, rarcly uarrow, eouvex or bullate, wilh recurved
and sonietiraes undulate or crisped margins, ghibrous scabrous or loosely tonicntose above,
densely tomentose or woolly underneath. Flowers usually elongated, cylindricah — C. spe-
ciosa, Andr. Bot. Rep. t. 653 ; Bot. Reg. t. 26 ; Bot. Mag. t. 1746 (flowers more erect than
I have ever seen them) ; C. rubra, Sm. Exot. Bot. ii. 26 ; Antomarchia rubra, Colla, Hort.
Ripul. App. ii. 345 ; C. cordifolia, Lindl. in Mitch. Three Exped. ii. 233 , C. virens, Sm.
Exot. Bot. ii. 25, t. 72 ; Bot. Reg. t. 3 ; Bot. jNIag. t. 1901 ; C. viridijlora, Andr. Bot. Rep.
t. 436; Bonpl. Jard. Malm. 33, t. 12 fthe last 2 names referring to a green-tiowercd va-
riety) ; C. cardinalis, F. Muell. ; Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4912 (a uarrow-leaved variety). — N.
S. Wales, Victoria, and Tasmauia.

b. Backhousiana. Brauches rather closely tomeutose. Leaves ovate or obloug, scarcely
or not at all cordate, coriaceous, flat, glabrous above, closely but usually densely tomeutose
uuderueath. Flovvers nearly cylindrical, above 1 iu. loug. — C. Backhousiana, Hook. Journ.
Eot. i. 253, and Ic. Pl. t. 2; Hook. f. FI. Tasm. i. 61 ; Mazeutoxeron rejlexum, Labill.
Voy. ii. 66, t. 19 ; C. reflexa, Labili. PI. Nov. Holl. ii. 120.— N. coast oS Tasmauia and is-
lands of Bass's Straits.

c. leucoclada. Branches closely and often minutely tomentose. Leaves small, ovate or
oblong, uot cordate, coriaceons, flat, glabrous above, closely and often miuutely tomentose
nnderneath. FIowei's generaUy under 1 in., aud more campanulate thau iu the preceding
varieties. — C. leucoclada, Lindl. in Mitch. Three Exped. ii. 39. — N. S. Wales (Mouut Aiton,
A. Cunningham) and Victoria.

d. fflabra. Leaves ovate or oblong, small, flat, glabrous ou both sides as well as the
branches. Flowers of the var. leucoclada or rather longer. — C. glabra, Lindl. iu Mitch.
Three Exped. ii. 48 ; C. Schlechtendahlii, Behr, in Liuufea, xx. 630. — Victoria and S. Aus-
tralia, aud the single W. Australiau speeimeu. C. pulchella, Sw. FI. Austral. t. 1, belongs
probably to this variety ; the leaves were fouud to be sprinkled with steUate (fasciculate)
hairs wheu young, glabrous with age.

The specics, being highly ornameutal, has long been cultivated in British gardens, and nn-
merous gardeu varieties, hybrids aud crosses, have beeu raised, amongst which the foUowiug
Iiave been figured as species : — C. pnlchella, Mackay ; Bot. Rcg. 1. 1224 ; Bot. Mag. t. 4029 ;
Maund, Botanist, t. 152; C. longiflora, Paxt. Mag. Bot. vii. 195; C. Harrisii, Paxt. Mag.
Bot. vii. 79 ; C. bicolor, Paxt. Mag. Bot. ix. 267.

4. C. Lawrenciana, Hook. Jonrn. Bot. i. 254. A slirub, usually tall
and rather slender, sometimes growing into a small tree ; branches more or
less tomentose. Leaves petiolate, from ovate to oblong-, obtuse, in some spe-
cimens |- to 1 in., in others 1 to 2 in. long or even larger, flat, coriaeeous,
glabrous above, tomentose underncath. Flowers 1 to 3 together, axUIarv or
terminal, shortly pedicellate and pendulous. Calyx tomentose, truncate with
4 small teeth. Petals tomentose outside, united the greater part of their length
iuto a cylindrical coroUa of f to J in., the lobes usually shorter and more obtuse
tlian in C. speciosa. Staraens exserted ; filaments all filiform from the base or
equally and very slightly dihited. — Hook. f. Fl. Tasra. i. 61 ; F. Muell. Pl. Vict.
i. 138 ; C. ferrnginea, Backh. iu Ross, Hobart. Ahn. ; Hook. Corap. Bot. Mag.
i. 276, and Ic. Pl. t. 3; Maund, Botanist, t. 124 (a huge-leaved variety) ; C.
Latrobeana, F, Muell. in Dietr. Fl. Univ. N. Ser. t. 11 (a still larger form).

Victoria. In subalpine situations, dcscending aloug rivulets and torreuts to 1000 ft.
elevatiou, F. Mueller.

Tasmania. Derwent river, R. Brotvn ; abundant tliroughout the colony, J. D. Hooker.

In foliage this species can scarcely be distinguished from some forms of C. speciosa, var.
Backhousiana, but it is always readily known by the fUaments all similar aud scarcely percep-
tibly dilated.

Var. glabra. Leaves uarrow, oblong, lanceolate or almost lincar, glabrous ou both sides
as well as the brauches. Derweut river, R. Brown, and iu some other Tasmaniau coUec-
tious.

2 A 2

356 XXVIII. RUTACE^E. [Correa.

5, C. decumbens, F. MneU. in Trmis. Phil. Soc. Vid. i. 30, and Pl.
Vict. i. 137. A dccurabent shrub witli ascending hranches, densely stcUate-
tomentose. Leaves oblong, from ahnost ovate to linear, obtuse, mostly 1 to
\\ iii. long, coriaceous, nearly glabrous above, densely tomcntosc underneath.
Plovvers terminal, solitary, shortly pediceUate, usually jicndulous. Calyx to-
mentose, with 4 lobes opposite the petals, triaugular or hmceolate, rather
longer than the tube, and 4 lobes alternatiug with them, subulate and nearly
twice as long. Petals tomentose ontside, united tiie greater part of tlieir length
into a nearly cylindrical corolla of f to 1 in. Stamens exserted, the filaraents
all slightly ddated below the middle.

S. Australia. Lofty Rauge and Onkaparinga river, F. Mueller ; Kangaroo Islaud,
Waterhouse.

13. NEMATOLEPIS, Turcz.

(Syniphyopetaluin, Dnmm.)

Calyx small, 5-cleft. Petals 5, valvate, united the greater part of their
length in a cylindrical tube, spreading at the top. Disk small, crenate. Sta-
raens 10 ; filaments slightly dilated at the base into an adnate scale fringed
witli long hairs ; anthers not apiculate. Ovary of 5 distinct carpels, the styles
iuserted below the middle, and immediately uuitcd iuto oue filiform style with
a minute stigma ; ovides 2 in eacli carpel, supei-posed. Cocci truucate, 2-
valved, the endocarp cartilaginous and separatiiig elastically. — A shnib, clothed
with peltate scurfy scales. Leaves simple, alternate. Plowers axillary.

The genus consists of a single species, limited to W. Australia, allied to Correa in the
united petals, to Chorilana in the stamens, and to Phebalium in habit and indumentum.

1. N. phebalioides, Tnrcz. in Bull. Mosc. 1852, ii. 158. Anerect,
rigid, bushy shrub, the young branches, under side of the leaves, and pedicels
covered with silvery scurfy scales. Leaves ovate or oblong, very obtnse,
mostly under \ in., but cccasionally f in. long, coriaceous, glabrous above,
witli more or less prominent tnbercular glaiuls. Pedicels short, axiUary, re-
curved, 1-flowered. Sepals short, orbicular, abnost cordate, smooth ov
sprinkled with a few scalcs. CoroUa glabrous, ^ to f in. long. The scale of
the filaments forms a slight prominence inside, terminating the dilated base,
and fringed with long hairs. — Symphyopetalum correoides, Drumm. in Hook.
Kew Journ. vii. 54.

\V. Australia. Near Middle Mount Barrcn, Drnmmond ; Point Ilenry, Oldfield.

14. CHORIL^NA, Endl.

Flowers coUected in dense pendulous cymes or heads, surrounded by a few
subulate bracts. Sepals 5. Petals 5, very naiTow, valvate or nearly so.
Disk small, shortly lobed. Stamens 1 0, nuich exserted ; filaments dilated at
the base into an adnate scale, fringed with long hairs ; anthers not apiculate.
Ovary of 5 distinct carpels ; styles inserted below the middle, and immedi-
ately united into 1 filiforra style, with a sraall obscurely 5-lobed stigma ;
ovules in each cai-pel 2, superposed. Cocci truncate ; endocarp cartilaginous,
separating elastically. — Shrubs, with tbe habit of some TAomasias, hispid or

Chorilcena.'] xxviii. rutacea:. 357

tomentose with stellate hairs. Leaves alternate, sinuate-lobed. Flower-cymes
pedunculate, axillary.

A genus limited to W. Australia, approaching Diplolmia ia inflorescence, Nematolepis
in the bearded appendage of the lilanients, and connected with Phebalium thi'ough P.
Ralsfoni.

Leaves at length glabrons above, densely and softly tomentose under-

neath. Sepals lanceolate 1. C. quercifoUa.

Leaves loosely stellate-hirsute. Sepals filiform 2. C. hirsata.

1 . C. quercifolia, Endl. in Hueg. Enum. 17. A tall shrub, the branches
densely clothed with a soft close or velvety tomeutura, often assuming a
goklen colom'. Leaves petiohite, ovate, very obtuse, raostly l^ to 3 in. long,
siuuately lobed or broadly pinnatifid, soraewhat coriaceous, the upper surface
sprinkled when young with a slight steUate pubesceuce, glabrous when full
grown, the uuder side densely and softly velvety-tomentose. Peduncles re-
curved, scarcely exceeding ^ in. Cymes often at least 1 in. diameter, of 7 to
1-i flowers, the outer ones at the ends of the brauches appeariug pedicellate,
the inner ones sessile. Bracts tiliforra, sliorter thau the calyx. Sepals lan-
ceolate, tomentose outside. Petals rather longer, attaining 3 liues, tomeutose
outside. Stamens fuUy twice as long. — Bartl. iu Pl. Preiss. i. 172.

W. Australia. Kiug George's Sound, HuegeJ, Fraser ; Bald Ilead and Islaud, Preiss,
n. 2043, Oldjield, Maxwell.

2. C. hirsuta, Bmth. A tall erect shrub, the branches densely hirsute
with steUate hairs. Leaves petiolate, ovate, obtuse, niostly 2 to 3 in. long,
sinuately lobed or broadly and obtusely pinnatifid, thinner thau iu C. querci-
fulia, the upper surface rough with scattered stellate liairs, tlie uuder side pale,
morc copiously hirsute. Peduncles solitary or 2 or 3 together, recurved,
rarely above \ in. long. Cymes nearly as in C. quercifoUa. Bracts linear-
filiforra or slightly cuneate, very birsute, the outer oues often 5 bnes long,
much more numerous than in C. quercifolia, and passing gradually into the
sepals, of which the innerraost are often under 3 lines. Petals very narrow,
hirsute outwards along the centre. Staraens fuUy twice as long. Cocci
short, glabrous or spriukled with a few stellate hairs. Seeds smooth and
shining.

V^. Australia. Swan River, Drummond; Flinders Bay, Collie ; "VVilson^s lulet,
Oldfield.

15. DIPLOLJSNA, E. Br.

Plowers sessile, iu dense heads, surrounded by an invohicre of broad bracts,
imbricate in 3 or 4 series, the inner ones Larger and petal-like. Calyx none.
Petals 5, small, narrow. Disk small. Stamens 10, much exserted ; filaments
filiform, bearded with long hairs above tlie base ; anthers not apicuLite. Ovary
5-lobed ; styles uuited iuto a single elongated style, with a shortly 5-lobed
stigma ; ovules 2 in each cell, supei-posed. Cocci 2-valved, the enuocai-p
cartilaginous and separating elastically. — Shrubs, clothed with steUate tomen-
tum. Leaves alteruate, petiolate, entii'e. Plower-heads terminal, shortly pe-
dunculate or nearly sessUe.

The genus is limited to W. Australia, and, like Chorilcena, is chiefiy distinguished by the
inflorcscence. In other respects it only diS^ers from Pkebalium in the abortion of tbe calyx

358 XXVIII. RUTACE^, [Diplolana.

and the narrow petals. The 4 foUowing species will be found perhaps, when better known,
to run too much iuto one another to be otherwise separatcd than as niarked varieties.

Leaves tomentose or hoary on both sides.

Flower-heads and leaves large. Outer bracts ovate, inuer ones

broadly clliptical 1. D. grandijlora.

Flovver-heads aud leaves small. Bracts lanceolate 2. -D. microcephala.

Leaves gi-cen and glabrous above, tomentose underneath.

Leaves oblong, flat. Bracts broad 3. Z). Danipieri.

Leaves liucar, thc margins revolute. Bracts narrow 4. 2). angustifolia.

1. D. grandiflora, Besf. hi Mem. Mus. Par. iii. 451, t. 19. A shrub

of 5 or 6 ft., with rigitl divaricate bi'anches, hoary or rusty with a close to-
mentum. Leaves ovate or broadly oblong, very obtuse, 1 to 2 in. long, hoary
on both sides and especially underneath with a close tomentiim. Flower-
heads very shortly pedunculate, attaining sometimes l^ in. diameter. Outer
bracts 5, broadly ovate, herbaceous, tomentose, 4 or 5 lines long, united at
the base. Imier ones about 10, longer, narrower, and more petal-like, tliose
of the first 1 or 2 series broadly elliptical, obtuse, pubescent, passing into a
few (innermost) much narrower ones, soraetimes lincar and acute. Petals linear,
ciliate, quite concealed within the hcad. Stameus miich longer tlian the
bracts. Cocci 3 or 4 lines long, coriaceous, glabrous, smooth or transversely
wrinklcd.

W. Australia. Sharks Bay and Dirk Hartcg's Island, J. Ounningham, Milne.

2. D. xnicrocephala, Bartl. in Pl. Preiss, i. 173. A shrub of 2 or 3
ft. Leaves obovate or oblong, very obtuse, sometimes all under ^ in., and
rarely exceeding 1 in., rather thick, hoary-tomentose above, and densely and
softly tomentose underneath. Flower-heads much smaller than in D. (jrandi-
flora or D. Dampieri. Bracts Lnnceohite, the outer herbaceous ones not much
shorter than the inner ones. Filaments more densely hirsute than in other
species with reddish hairs.

W. Australia. Stony barreu mountains of Grantham district, Preiss, n. 2018 ; near
Cape Riche, Preiss, n. 201'J, Oldfield ; betwecn Perth aud King George's Sound, Harvey ;
Darling Range, Collie ; Murchison rivcr, Oldfield.

\s.r, Drummondi. Leaves obloug, f to 1| in. long ; tomentum looser and sometimes
disappcaring w'ith age oii the uppcr side, which however has uot the smooth tcxture of D.
Dampieri. — Swan River, Drummond, CoU. 1843, n. 91 ; Phillips river, Ma.rwell. To this
variety, ratlier than to thc true D. Dampieri, ought perhaps to be refcrred the D. Dampieri,
Lindl. Bot. Reg. 1841, t. 64, figured with narrow-Ianccolate bracts.

3. D. Dampieri, Desf. iu Mem. Mas. Par. iii. 452, t. 20. Nearly al-
Ued to D. gr((udiJlora, and chiefly distinguishcd by the leaves, quite ghabrous
green and smooth on the xipper side. In the form originally described, they
are oblong or somewliat cuneate, the flower-heads are rather smalkr than in
D. graudijlora, and the bracts not so broad ; but in the JMurcliison river spe-
cimens tbe leavcs and bracts arc ncarly as broad as in tliat species. — Bot. Mag.
t. 4059; Bartl. in Pl. Preiss. i. 173.

TV. Australia. From Swan River, Uarveg, Oldfiehl. and others, and Darling range,
Preiss, n. 2042, to Champion Bay aud Murchisoa river, Oldfield.

4. D. angustifolia, Ilook. Bot. Mag. imder n. 4059. Branches hoaiy
or rusty with a close tonientum. Leavcs Hnear or linear-cuneate, obtuse, f
to 3 in. long, the margins revohitc, glabrous above, white with a close but

Diplolcem.] xxviii. RUXACEiE. 359

dense tomejitum underneath. Flower-heads rather Lirger than in D. viicro-
cepJiala iu Preiss's specimeus, cousiderably larger in Druramoud's, the bracts
nuraerous aud lauceolate, or the outer oues ovate-hmceolate. — D. saUcifolia,
Bartl. iu Pl. Preiss. i. 173.

VIT. Australia, Lrimmond, \st Coll., Roe, Freiss, n. 2020.

Teibe II. Zanthoxyle.e. — Trees or shnibs. Leaves piunate or 3-folio-
late with opposite leaflets or 1-foliolate (truly siraple iu Geijerd), the leaflets
usuaHy large. Ovary lobed. Pruit separatiug into distiuct 3-valved cocci.
Eudocarp persistent or separatiug elastically. Seeds in raost genera albumi-
nous ; the cotyledous flattened and broader than the radicle, but iu a few
geuera the albumen is wautiiig, and the cotyledons are thick and fleshy. — The
tribe cifters from Borouiece more iu habit than in auy detiuite character.

16. BOSISTOA, F. MueU.

Flow^rs hermaphrodite ? Calyx small, 5-toothed. Petals 5, valvate or
slightly imbricate, with inflexed tips. Disk thick. Stamens 10. Ovary of
5 distinc^, cai^pels ; styles almost terrainal, united iipwards, but soon sepa-
rating; onUes 2 in each carpel, superposed. Cocci distinct, large, coriaceous,
2-valved ; endocarp cartilaginous, separatiug. Seeds solitary ; testa membra-
nous ; albiimen none ; cotyledons thick aud fleshy, radicle small. — A tree.
Leaves opposite, piunate. Pauicles termiuaL

The gems is liraited to a single Australiau species, aliied iu sorae respects to Melicope
and Evodia, but very diflferent iu habit as well as iu the seeds, vvhich have tlie structui-e of
Pilocarpus aid some other American genera.

1. B. sapindiformis, F. Muell. Herb. A tree with the habit of a
Cnpania, the youug shoots, petioles and inflorescence minutely pubescent.
Leaves piumte; leaflets 7 to 11, opposite in pairs, the terminal odd oue oc-
casionally waiting, obloug-lauceohite, 4 to 8 in. loug, more or less serrate-
toothed, espedally above the middle, narrowed at the base, on a short petio-
hde or nearly sessile. Panicles terminal, trichotomons, shorter than the
leaves. Buds globidar. Calyx small, very shortly and uuequally toothed.
Petals about 2 ines loug. FUaments dilated at the base, attenuated upwards,
glabrous ; authtrs large. Carpels very hirsute, on a raised disk. Styles
short. Cocci bxDadly aiul very obliquely ovate, about 1 in. loug, hard, almost
woody, tomentoie and rugose outside. — Evodia pentacocca, F. MueU. Fragm.
iii. 41.

Queensland. Ipswich, Nernst. (A single leaf aud loose fruit from F. MueU.)

N. S. 'Wales. Eichmond and Clarence rivers, Beckler. (Specimens in flower only.)

17. MELICOPE, Forst.

Flowers moreor less unisexual. Sepals 4. Petals 4, valvate, or slightly
imbricate, with iiflexed tips. Disk thick, entire or lobed. Stamens 8. Ovary
of 4 uearly distiict carpels ; styles iuserted above the middle, united immedi-
ately or at the simmit iuto one, with a capitate 4-Iobed stigma ; ovules 2 in
each cai-pel, siipTposed or collateral. Cocci distinct, spreadiug, 2-vaIved ;
endocarp cartUapnous or horny, separating. Seeds usually solitary ; testa

360 xxviii. rutacea:. {Melicope.

crustaceous, sliining; albumen flesliy, erabryo straight or sliglitly curved, with
oblong or ovate cotyledons. — Trees or shrubs. Leaves opposite, 3-foliolate,
or (in species not Australian) 1-foliolate or simple. Flowers rathei* small, in
terminal or axillary cymes or panicles.

Besides the Australian species, which are endcmic, there are 2 froni Xew Zealand and a
few from the Pacific islands. F. Mueller proposes to uuitc MeJicupe with Evodia, but the
double numbcr of stamens is a more constaut charactcr thau mauy others dibtinguishiiig the
reccired genera of Zanthoxi/lece.

Petals thin. Styles lateral. Leatlets mostly under 4 in. Panicles
terminal.
Youug branches pubescent. Petals and filaments glabrous. Ripe

carpels crect 1. M. neuro:occa.

Brauches and leaves glabrous. Petals minutely pubescent. Fila-

ments ciliate. Ripe carpels divaricate 2. M. erythococca.

Petals and stamens rigid. Styles terminal. Leaflets more than 6 in.

Panicles lateral 3. Jf. austrdasica.

T he first 2 species are the nearest allied to thc New Zealand M. ternata, Forst., <he third
is ia some rcspects anomalous.

1 . M. neurococca, Benth. A sraall tree, the young branches. petioles,
and pedunclcs })ubescent with simple spreading hairs. Leaves of each pair
gencrally unequal, the larger one with a coraraon petiole of 2 iu. oi more, the
other with a much shorter petiole ; leaflets 3, ovatc-L-mceohite or lanceolate,
acuminatc, mostly 3 to 4 in. long, glabrous above, sprinkled witli a few haii's
uudcrneiith. Panicles terminal, trichotomous, corymbose. Sepals small, or-
bicuhir, concave, ciliate. Petals about 3 lines long, gkbrous, valvate or
nearly so. Filaments ghabrous, dihited to the middle. Ovary lirsute, the
caii^els alraost distinct frora the base. Styles iuserted below tne suuiniit.
Cocci distinct, nearly erect, broad, about 3 lines long, the valves coriaceous
and transversely wrinkled. — Evodia tteurococca, F. Mueil. Fragn. i. 28, and
ii. 103.

Queensland. Brisbane river, W. Hill aud F. Mueller ; Wide Biy and Archer's
Crcck, uscJ by thc natives to make their spadcs, Leichhardt.

N. S. Wales. Richmoud, Hastings, and Clarence rivers, Beckler.

2. M. erythrococca, Benth. A moderate-sizcd tree, ..|uite glabrous.
Leaflets 3 or rarcly 1 ouly, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, l^ to 3 in. long, cori-
aceous, entire or obscurely crcnulate, on a coranion petiole of |- to \\ in.
Paniclcs terrainal or in thc upper axils, loose, scarcely longerthan the leaves.
S(!pals small, triangubr, slightly ciliate. Petals l^ liues laig, slightly im-
bricate, valvate at the tips, minutcly pubescent outside. Diskobscurcly lobed.
Pilaments dilated and ciliate to above the raiddle. Ovarysliglitly hirsiite,
the carpcls aluiost distinct. Styles inserted above the midde. Cocci -i (or
vcry rarely 5), very spreading, ovate, about 2 lines long, wiinkled, of a red-
dish colour. — Evodia erythrococca, F. Muell. Fragra. i. 28.

Queensland. "Wide Bay, C. Moore ; Aloreton Bay and Brisbaui river, IF. Hill, F.
Mueller.

N. S. Wales. Clarence river, Beckler, C. Moore.

3. M. australasica, F. Muell. Herb. A handsome tre, glabrous in all
its parts. Leavcs digitatcly 3-foliolate, the coramon ])eti<le several times
shorter than the leaflets ; leaflets oblong-elliptical, or rarel; obovate-oblong,

Melicope.'] xxviii. kutace.e. 361

obtuse or shortly acuminate, 6 to 10 in. long, somewhat coriaceous, entire.
Panicles axillary, trichotomous, loose and many-flowered, but much shorter
than the leaves. Pedicels short. Sepals ovate. Petals narrow, about 4 lines
long, of a lirm consistence, reflexed above the middle, minutely pubescent
outside ; sestivation not seen. Filaments slightly dilated, ciHate and rigid,
especially the larger ones, subulate upwards ; anthers small. Disk incon-
spicuous. Carpels nearly glabrous, but tapering into strictly terminal short
pubescent styles united at tJie summit. Cocci erect, distinct, angular ; acu-
niinate, not 2 lines long. Seeds shiniug. — Evodia ociandra, F. Muell. Fragm.
ii. 102.

N. S. Wales. Clarence river, Beckler.

18. EVODIA, Forst.

Flowers more or less imisexual. Sepals 4 or 5, imbricate. Petals 4 or 5,
valvate or very sliglitly imbricate. Disk sinuate. Stamens 4 or 5 ; filaments
subulate or slightly dilated. Ovary of 4 or 5 cai*pelSj usually distinct and
style-like in the niale flowers, more or less united in the females, styles at-
tached below the middle, more or less united with a 4- or 5-lobed stigma.
Ovides 2 in each carpel, collateral or superposed. Fruit separating more or
less completely into coriaceous 2-vaIved cocci, the eudocarp separating elas-
tically. Seeds with a crustaceous testa, usually smooth and shining; albumen
tleshy ; embn'o straight with ovate cotyledons. — Unarmed trees or shrubs.
Leaves opposite, usiially digitately 3-foIioIate or pinnate, rarely 1-foIioIate or
simple ; leaflets entirc, often large. Cymes or panicles axillary or rarely ter-
minal. Flowers small.

A coiisiclerable genus, spread over tropical Asia and the islands of the Pacific and of the
Madagascar group ; the only Australian one is endemic. The geuus differs frorn Mellcope
chietly in the staiuQjis equal to, not double, the nuniber of petals, froni Zanthoxylum liy the
leavcs all or mostly opposite, generally by the niore valsate petals and more united stylcs,
bcsides miuor characters offering occasional exceptions.

1. E. micrococca, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 144, aiidii. 180. A tree often
of considerable size, quite glabrous. Leaves digitately 3-foIioIate with long
petioles ; leaflets obovate-oblong, obtuse, mostly l^ to 3 in. long, entire, nar-
rowed at the base, the central one almost petiohdate. Flowers in dense cymes
or trichotomous pauicles on short lateral peduncles below the young shoots.
Sepals 4, orbicular, small. Petals 4, about 2 lines long, glabrous, slightly
inibricate, with inflexed valvate tips. Filaments slightly dilated, ciliate, the
attenuate tips folded inwards in the bud, exserted in tlie open flower. Cocci
not 2 lines long, not separating so completely as in the Melicopes, inigose-
glandular outside. Seeds black and shining.

Queensland. Moveton Bay, W. Hlll.

N. S. ^Vales. Near Richmond, R. Broioii ; Blue Mouutains, Miss Atkinson ; north-
ward to Clarence and Hastings rivers, Beckler ; and Tentcrtield, C. Stuart ; southward to
Illawara, Ratstoii.

19. MEDICOSMA, Hook. f.

Sepals 4, broad, imbricate. Petals 4, broad, much imbricate in the bud,
the tips erect or recurved. Disk lobed. Stamens 8, filameuts dilated, almost

868 XXVIII. RUTACE^. [Medicosma.

cohering by their woolly margins ; anthers oblong. Ovary slightly 4-lobed,
4-celled. Style ahnost terniinal, filiform, Avith a sniall 4-lobed stigina; ovides
2 in each cell, collateral. Fruit separating into distinct, 2-valved cocci; en-
docarp separating elastically. Seeds with a crustaceous shining testa, albu-
men fleshy ; embryo straight with broad cotyledons. — A tree. Leaves mostly
opposite, 1-foholate. Flowers large, in axillaiy panicles.

The gcnus is limited to a sinple spccies euderaic in Australia. F. Mueller proposes to in-
clude it as well as Mellcope (with which it agrees iu the double uumber of staraeus) uuder
Evodia, but the habit, that oiAcroni/chia, and the large, much-imbricate petals, appear to be
a sufTicicut distinction, unless nearly thc whole of Zanilioxi/lem be united iuto oue geuus.

1. M. Cunninghamii, Ilook.f. in Benth. and Hook. Gen. Pl. 297. A
small tree, glabrous, or the young shoots and inflorescence minutely pubes-
cent. Leaves mostly opposite, consisting of a single leaflet obscurely articu-
late on a short petiole, oblong-elliptical or rarely obovate-oblong, obtuse or
aeuminate, 3 to 6 in. long. Panicles axillary, 3-chotomous, with few large
flowers. Sepals orl)icidar, 2 to 3 liues long, with a prominent midrib. Petals
nearly f in. long, broadly ovate, minutely tomentose outside, with a promi-
nent midrib. Disk thick and glabrons. Ovary hirsute ; style slender. Cocci
about 3 lines long, quite distinct, scarcely coriaceous, hirsute. Seeds black. —
AcronycJua Cmninghamii, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3994 ; F. Muell. Fragm. i. 27 ;
Ecodia Cunninghamii, F. Muell. Fragm. iii. 2.

Queensland. Brisbane rivcr, Moreton Bay, A. Cunningham, F. Mueller, aud others.

N. S. Wales. llichmond and Clareuce rivers, Beckler.

The subsucculcut cocci, originally describcd iu our ' Geuera Plautarum,' are shown by
subsequently received specimeus to have been diseased.

20. ZANTHOXYLUM, Linn.
(Blackburnia, Forsi.)

Flowers more or less unisexual. Calyx 3-, 4- or 5-lobed.* Pctals 3, 4 or
5, imbricate or rarely valvatc or wanting. Disk small or obsolete. Stamens
in the males 3, 4 or 5, the ovary nidimentary or conical, or of 3, 4 or 5 dis-
tinct style-Iike carpels. Female flowers without stauiens or with scale-Iike
staminodia. Ovary of 1 to 5 distinct carpels. Styles nearly terminal, dis-
tinct or imitcd upwards ; ovvdcs 2 in each carpel, usually collateral. Fruit
of 1 to 5 distinct cocci, dry or drupaccous, usually 2-vaIved ; the endocarp
separating or adhcrent. Seeds with a hard or crustaceous shining testa ; al-
bumen fleshy ; embryo straight or curved, with broad flat cotyledons. — Shrubs
or trecs, often armed with scattered prickles, and sometimes clind)ing. Leaves
alternate, usually pinnate. Flowers small, in axillary or terminal cymes or
paniclcs.

A large geniis, dispcrscd over the tropical aud subtropical regions of tlie whole world. Of
the following species, two are cudcmic iu Australia, the third is also iu Noifollv Islaud. All
thrce belong to the scctiou Blackburnia, characterized chielly by solitary carpels, which arc
rare iu the rest of the genus.

Stems and branches prickly. Pauicles axillary. Plowcrs 2 to 3

liues long \. Z. hrachyacanthum.

Unai'nied or with very few minutc distant prickles.

Leaflets very oblique, coriaceous. Panicles axillary and termi-

ual. Flowers 2 to 3 hues long 2. Z. Blackhurnia.

Zanthoxylum.'] xxviii, RUTACEiE. 863

Leaflcts scarcely oblique, not coriaeeous. Panicles terminal.

Flovvers very numerous, uuder l^ line 3. Z . parmflonm.

1. Z. brachyacanthum, i^. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 108. A slender glabrous
tree, the trunk and branches covered with short conical prickles. Leaves
pinnate, the common petiole 6 to 10 in. long ; leaflets usually 9 to 13, oppo-
site in pairs, with or vvithout a terminal odd one, petiolulate, from ovate to
oblong-elliptical, shortly acuminate, 2 to 3 or rarely 4 in. long, equal or
oblique at tlie base, coriaceous and shining. Panicles axillary, much shorter
thau the leaves, irregularly 2-3-chotoraous. Plowers on very short pedicels,
the males nearly 3 lines long, the females shorter. Sepals 4, small and broad.
Petals obtuse, much imbricate. Ovaiy rudimentary in the male flowers ; in
the females consisting of a single carpel with a large oblique stigma, nearly
sessile or ou a very siiort style, terminal but excentrical. Fruit opening wide
to the middle in 2 valves.

Queensland. jVIoreton Bay, Upper Brisbane rivei", etc, A. Ounningham, F. Mueller,
aud others ; Araucaria rauges on the Burnett river, F. Mueller ; Kockhampton, Thozet.
N. S. 'Wales. Clarence river, Herb. Mueller.

2. Z. Blackbumia, Benth. A shrub or small tree, glabrous and un-
armed. Leaves pinnate, with a common petiole of 4 to 8 in. Leaflets 3 to
9, very obliquely ovate, shortly acuminate, usually 2 to 3 in. long, very un-
equal at the base and petiolulate. Panicles axillary or terminal, loose, but
shorter than the leaves. Plovvers rather smaller than in the last species.
Petals imbricate in our specimens (induplicate-valvate, according to Endlicher).
Ovary and fruit of Z. brachyacanthum. — BlacJibiirnia pinnata, Forst. ; Endl.
Prod. PI. Norf. 88.

N. S. TVales. Lord Hovve's Island, Milne. The specimen being in leaf only, its
identity with the Norfolii Island plant, from which the above character is taken, is not cer-
tain, but the foliage corresponds so vvell, that I am uuvviUing to omit it, in order to give the
Lord Howe's Island flora as complete as possible.

3. Z. parviflor-um, Benth. A sraall tree, glabrous and unarmed, or
with very few minute distaut prickles. Leaves pinnate, with a common petiole
of 4 to 6 in., angular bnt not winged; leaflets usuaUy 9 to 11, opposite in
pairs, the tenninal odd one occasionally wanting, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate,
rarely above 2 in. long, entire or slightly denticulate, usually oblique, the up-
per edge most rounded at the base, membranous or at length scarcely coriaceous.
Panicles terminal, 3-chotomous, broad, with numerous small 4-merous flowers.
Sepals small, triangidar. Petals scarcely l^ lines long, slightly imbricate.
Stamens in the males 4, about as long as the petals. Ovary rudimentary, of
1 or 2 carpels. Female flowers not seen. Cocci solitary, 3 to 4 lines long,
coriaceous, rugose outside, opening broadly to below the middle in 2 valves,
endocai-p persistent. Seeds with a hard bony testa enveloped in a thin black
shining epiderm.

N. Australia. Goulburn Island, A. Cunningham ; Port Essington, Armstrong ; is-
lands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Broicn.

21. GEIJERA, Schott.
(Coatesia, F. Muell.)
Flowers hermaphrodite. Sepals 4 or 5. Petals 4 or 5, valvate or imbri-

364 xxviii. RUTACEiE. [Geijera.

cate. Disk thick and flesliy. Stamens 4 or 5 ; filaraents subulate. Ovary
depressed, partly immersed in the disk, 4- or 5-lobed ; styles terminal, imme-
diately united into a single short style, with a capitate 4- or 5-lobed stigma.
Fruit of 4 or 5 or sometimes fewer, distinct, 2-valved cocci, the endocai-p ad-
herent or partially separating. Seeds with a hard or crustaceous shining
testa ; albumen fleshy ; embiyo straiglit ; cotyledous broad. — Trees or shrubs.
Leaves alternate, simple, not articulate on the petiole. Flowers small, iu ter-
minal panicles. Sepals small.

The genus is limited to Australia, aiiJ diflFers from Zanthoxijlum chiefly in the simple
leaves and hermaphrodite flowers.

Panicles compact. Petals imbricate. Lcaves broad \. G, Muelleri.

Panicles loose. Petals valvate.

Leaves from ovate to lanceolate %. G. salicifolia.

Leaves linear Z. G. parvifora.

1. G. Muelleri, Bentli. A glabrous tree. Leaves ovate or obovate-
oblong, 2 to 3 in. long, narrowed into a rather long petiole, coriaceous, with
a prominent midrib, the lateral veins sleuder and rather distaut. Pauicle
compact, scarcely equalliug the last leaves. Flowers rather larger than in the
other species. Peta!s nearly \\ hnes long, distinctly inibricate, obtusc, with-
out iuflexed tips. Cocci 2 to 3 liues long, distinctly but very shortly beaked,
very spreading, but coheriug at tlie base. Eudocarp persistent. — Coalesia
panicidata, F. Mueil. Fragm. iii. 26.

Queensland. Cumberland islands, R. Brown ; Araucaria vvoods near Moreton Bay,
F. MiieUer ; Curtis Island, Ilenne. This spccies was geuerically distinguishcd by F.
JluelUr, on account of thc inibricate tcstivation of the petals, and a slight difiVrence iu the
fruit, but the habit is (hat of the othcr species, and the geuus is too closcly allied to Zan-
tho.rylnm, which contaius specics with valvatc as well as with imbricate ajstivation, to admit
of dividiug it solely on that ground.

2. G. salicifolia, Schott, Fragm. Rut. t. 4. A raoderately-sized tree,
glabrous or with a minute hoary pubescence on the iuflorescence, aud some-
times ou the under side of the leaves. Leaves from ovate to ovate-Ianceolate
or rarely oblong-lauceolate, obtuse or acuminate, raostly 3 to 4 iu. long, en-
tire, coriaceous, narrowed or rarcly rounded at the base, with a rather long
pctiole. Panicles rather loosc, broadly pyramidal, but much shorter thau the
last leaves, alternately branched, with numerous small white flowers. Petals
about 1 line long, valvate. Cocci often reduced to 1 or 2, obovoid, not beaked,
2 to 3 lines loug, the endocarp persistent or partially separating. — G. latifolia,
Lindl. in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 236.

Queensland. Broad Sound, R. Brown ; Aloreton Bay and Brisbane rivcr, A. Cun-
niiir/ham, F. MiieUer, and othcrs ; Brigalow scrub on tlie Burdckin, and near Warwick, F.
Mueller ; Wide Bay, C. Moure ; Port Uenison, Fitzalau ; llockhamptou, Thozet ; Man-
tua Downs, Miichell.

N. S. 'Wales. Chirencc river, C. Moore ; iicar Paraniatta, WooUs.

Schotfs figure reprcseuts a rcmarkably narrow-leaved form, wiiich I have only seen in
Brown'3 specimens, and iu those from Warwick and from Rockhampton. These, however,
pass into the common broad-leaved form.

3. G. parviflora, Lindl. iu Milch. Trop. Jtistr. 102. A tall shrub or
small tree, with slender, erect or pendulous branches, glabrous or the in-
florescence and youug parts slightly hoary. Leaves linear, acute or obtuse,

Geijera.] xxviii. rutace.e. 365

3 to 6 in. long, and rarely above 3 lines broad, coriaceous, narrowed into a
rather short petiole, the midrib prorainent underneath. Flowers and fruit
of G. salicifolia, or the flowers sonietimes, but not always, rather smaller. —
G. pendnla, Lindl. in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 251. Possibly a variety only of
G. salicifolia.

Queensland. Broad Sound, II. Brown ; Burdekia river, F. Mueller ; Belyando river,
3Iitchell.

W. S. ^ITales. Liverpool plains, A. Cunniagham ; Narran river, intchell ; between
the Darling and Lachlan rivers, Victorian Expeclition.

Victoria. ]\Iurray dcsert, F. Mtieller.

Var. (?) crassifolia. Leaves 1 to 2 in. long, very obtuse or retnse, tliick, with the midrib
searcely conspicuous. Perhaps a distinct species. — Eriostemon linearifolium, DC. Prod. i.
720; Zantho.rylum australasicum, A. Juss. iu Mem. jNIus. Par. xii. 503.

S. Australia. Near Adelaide, Kert}. Rooker ; Spencer's Gulf, F. Mueller ; South
coast, R. Brovrn ; isles of St. Francis, Serh. Mus. Par.

W. Australia. King George's Sound, Maclean.

22. PENTACERAS, Hook. f.

Sepals 5. Petals 5, valvate. Torus thick. StamenslO; filaments subu-
late, glabrous. Ovary of 5 nearly distinct carpels, each with a glandular
terminal appendnge. Styles inserted below the middle, and immediately
united into one tiliform style, with a small stigma ; ovules 2 in each carpel,
supei-posed. Fruit-carpels 5 or fewer, often solitary by abortion, indehiscent,
expanded all roiuid into a membranous wing, forming obovate or oval-oblong
samarae, the centre alraost drupaceous, with a cartilaginous endocarp. Seeds
usually solitary ; testa thick ; albumen not copious ; embryo straight, with
ovate cotyledons. — Tree. Leaves alternate, pinnate. Flowers numerous,
small, paniculate.

The genus is limited to a single species, eudemic in Australia. It differs from Evodia in
its habit, alteruate leaves, and iu some measure iu the ovary resembliug that of several
Biosmew, and from that and all other Zantho.ri/leie by the fruit, which, at tirst sia;ht, is
like that of an Ailanthus ; but the dotted leaves and superposed oviiles, which place it among
Rutacea, besides the inflorescence aad otlier minor characters, amply distinguish Pentaceras
from Ailanthus.

1. P. australis, Ilook.f. in Bentli. and Hook. Gen. Pl. 298. A glabrous
tree, small according to A. Cunningham, attaining 60 ft. accordiug to W. Hill.
Leaves pinnate, with a common petiole of from 4 or 5 in. to nearly 1 ft. ;
leaflets usually 7 to 11, opposite in pairs, wdth a terminal odd one, ovate to
lanceolate, obtuse or acuminate, 2 to 4 in. long, entire or obscurely crenate,
the lateral ones more or less oblique and decurrent on the petiolule on the
lower side, like those of a Clausena. Panicles large, terminal, spreading, loose,
with numerous white flowers, pedicellate along the ultimate branches. Petals
about l^ lines long. Stamens nearly as long as the petals. Ovary glabrous.
Eipe samarae 1 to l^ in. or rather more in length, i to f in. broad. — Cookia
australis, P. Muell. Pragm. i. 25, and iii. 27 ; Ailanthus punctata, P. Muell.
Pragm. iii. 42.

Queensland. Brisbane river, A. Cunningham ; Moreton Bay district, "White Cedar"
of the colonists, W. Hill, F. Mueller ; M'Conneirs Brush, Leichhardt.

N. S. Wales. Richmond river, C. Moore.

366 XXVIII. RUTACE^.

Tribe III. ToDDALiEiE. — Trees or shmbs. Loavos pinnatc or 3-folio-
late with opposite leatiets, or 1-foliolate, thc leaflcls usually largc. Ovary iiot
lobcd. Fruit several-celled, indchisccnt or rarely dehisccnt. Sceds albiuni-
nous (in the Australian genus). The tribe has the habit of ZantJwxijlea;, with
the ovary and nearly the fruit of Aurantiece.

23. ACRONYCHIA, Torst.
(Cyininosnia, Gartn^
Flowers polygamous. Calyx 4-lobed. Petals 4, valvate. Torus thick.
Stamcns 8 ; tilaments subulate. Ovary 4-celled ; style tcrminal ; stigma
entire or obscurely 4-lobed, ovules 2 in eacli cell, supei-poscd. Fruit 4-celled,
usually succulent, with a coriaceous or hard endocarp, opening loculicidally,
or diiipaceous and indchiscent. Seeds usually solitary in each ccll, with a
crustaceous black testa ; albumen fleshy ; embryo straight , cotylcdons oblong.
— Trees or shrubs. Leaves opposite or alternatc, 1-foIiolate. Plowers wliite
or yellowish, in axiUary or rarcly terminal small panicles or loose cymes.

The genus extcnds over tropical Asia and the ishiuds of the S. Pacific, to New Caledonia
and Nevv Zealaiid. Of the Australian species, oue is also fouud in New Caledouia, the tvvo
others are endemic.

Flowers miuntely tomentose, in short ohlong panieles. Petals ovate . 1. A. Baneri.
Flowers glahrous, in axillary 3-chotouious cymes. Petals narrow.

Leaves thin aud scarcely coriaceous. Fruits 4-angled, depressed on

the sumrait 2. ^. Itevis.

Leaves very coriaceous. Fruits ohovoid-glohular %. A. hnperforaia.

1. A. Baueri, Schott, Fragm. Rut. t. ?>. A moderate-sized tree, gla-
brous or the young shoots and inflorescence minutely hoary-tomentose. Leaves
opposite, of a single lcaflet, on a rather long pctiole, ovate, elliptical or obo-
vatc, obtuse or very shortly and obtusely acimiinate, narrowcd at the base, 3
to 4 or very rarely 5 in. long, thinly coriaceous. Panicles axillary, oblong,
the side branchcs and pedicels vcry short, sometimes reduccd to a small spikc.
Flowcrs small, not numcrous. Sepals very broad, short, ciliate. Petals
ovatc, valvate with inflexcd tips, miinitcly pubescent outside, 1 to l^ lincs
long. Filaments thin, dilated, and ciliate to above thc middle. Ovary pu-
besccnt ; stylc pubcscent, short, with a rather large stigma. Fruit ncarly
globular or 4-angIcd, obtusc or shortly acmniuate, \ in. diametcr or rather
smallcr, not vcry succulent. Tcsta of the seeds hard and bonv. — A. Hillii,
F. Muell. Fragm. i. 2G.

Queensland. Northuinherland Islands and Ilichmond district, R. Brown ; Moreton
Bay and Brishane river, A. Cunningham, F. Mueller, and othcrs ; Five Islauds, A. Cun-
ninyham.

N. S. TVales. Macleay and Chu-cnce river, Beckler ; Port Stepheus, Harve>/ ; lUa-
wara, Herb. Mueller ; Ash Island, Mlss Scott. Some specimeus from Ilastings rivcr re-
semhlc rather more in foliage the Norfollc Islaud A. Endlicheri, Schott, hut the flowcrs are
discased, and they caunot he determined.

2. A. laevis, Jorst. Char. Gen. 53, t. 27. A tree, attaining 60 ft., glabrous
except the stamens. Leaves irregularly opposite or alternatc, of a single
leaflet, obovate-oblong to oblong-elliptical, obtuse, l^ to 3 or rarely nearly 4
in. long, coriaceous when old. Cymes 2- or 3-chotomous, usually shortly

Acronyclda?\ xxviir. rutacEjE. 367

peduncnlate and few-flowered. Sepals very short, rounded, glabrous, Petals
narrow, induplicate-valvate, witli inflexed tips, 2 to 2|- lines long, glabrous.
Filaments rather thick, dihnted and ciliate towards the base, subulate aud in-
flexed at the top. Ovary hirsute round the base of the style, otherwise ghi-
brous ; style rather long, the stignia not thickened, obscurely 4-lobed. Fruit
succulent, with a crnstaceous 4-celled endocarp, obtusely 4-angled, truncate
at the top, and depressed in the centre, \ in. diameter or rather sraaller. —
Lmvsonia Acronychia, Linn. f. ; Labill. Sert. Austr. Cah;d. 66, t. 65 ; Cymi-
nosma oblongifolium, A. Cunn. in Bot. Mag. 3222 ; Acronycliia laurina, F.
]\Iuell. Fragm. i. 27.

Queensland. Keppel Bay, R. Broim ; Moreton Bay aud Brisbane river, A. Cun-
ningham, F. Mueller, and others ; Eockhainpton, Thozet.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson to the Bhie Mouutains, R. Broum, A. Cunnlngham,
and othcrs ; northward to CLirence aud Hastings rivers, Beckler ; southvvard to Yowaka
river and Lake King, F. Miieller.

Accordiug to F. Mueller, the leaves ai-e occasionally 3-foliolate, but I have never seen
them so.

3. A. imperforata, 1. Muell. Fraym. i. 26. A moderate-sized tree,
very nearly allied to A. lcevis. Leaves of the same shape and size, but on
much shorter petioles, and much more coriaceous, the minute pellucid dots
only visible before a strong light. Inflorescence and tiowers as in A. lavis,
except that the peduncles are much shorter and the ilowers rather larger.
Filaments much ciliate. Fruit somewhat obovoid and obscurely or not at all
augular, and not depressed at the top.

Queensland. N.E. coast, R. Brown ; Brisbane river, W. HiU, F. Mueller.

Tkibe IV. AuRANTiEiE. — Trces or shrubs. Leaves pinnate witli alteraate
leaflets or 1-foliolate or siraple. Stamens twice as raany as petals or more.
Ovary not lobed. Fruit indehiscent. Seeds without albumen.

24. GLYCOSMIS, Corr.

Calyx 5-cleft, the lobes broadly imbricate. Petals 5, imbricate in tlie bud.
Stamens 10, iilaments dilated at the base, anthers often tipped with a small
gland. Ovary 3- to 5- or rarely 2-ceIIed ; style very short, thick and per-
sistent, the stigma scarcely broader, ovules solitary in each ceU. Berry suc-
culent or almost dry, usually 1-seeded. Seeds with a merabranous testa,
^vithout albumen; cotyledons fleshy. — Unarmed trees or shrubs. Leaves
alternate, pinnate, with few alternate leaflets, or 1-foIioIate. Flowers small,
in axiUary or terminal panicles.

A gcnus of veiy few species, dispersed over tropical Asia aud the Eastern Archipelago,
the Australian oue being the most widely spread over the whole region.

1. G. pentaphylla, Corr.; Oliv. in Joum. Linn. Soc. v. Suppl. 37. A
tall shrub or small tree, quite glabrous. Leaves occasionally 1-foliolate, on
short petioles, but more generaUy pinnate, with 2 or 3 leaflets, from ovate-
eUiptical or ovate-lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, obtuse or acuminate, 2 to 4
or rarely 5 in. long. Panicles dense, shorter, or scarcely longer than the
petiole of the pinnate leaves. Petals about 2 lines long. Ovary 5- or some-

368 xxviii. RUTACE.«. [Gli/cosmis.

timcs 4-celled, contracted into a verv sliort, tliick style. Berry globular, ^ in.
in diameter, or smaller.

Queensland. Norlliumberlaiid islauds, R. Broicii ; islands of Torres Straits, F.
M^teller ; scmb near Rockhamptou, Thozei.

The spccics has a very wide ran;j:e in tropical .\sia aud is very variable in the size of thc
leaves aud flowcrs, full details of which aud of the consequcntly exteuded synouymy of the
species will be found iu 01iver's paper above qnoted. The character giveu above has spe-
cial reference to the Australian varicty, which is almost identical with the Cliincse and
Eastern form, usnally distinguished as G. citrifolia, Lindl. ; Benth. iu Fl. Hongk. 51, and
figured as Limonia parvifolia, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 2416.

25. MICROMELUM, Blume.

Calyx 5-tootlied or entire. Petals 5, valvate in tlie bud, or nearly so.
Stamens 10; tilaments linear-siibulate. Ovary 2- to 6- usually 5-celled, the
dissepiments spirally twisted aiter tlie floweriiig ; style deciduous witli a small
capitate stigma ; ovules 2 in eacli cell, supei-posed. Fruit a dry berry.
Seeds usually 1 or 2 ; testa membranous ; albumen none ; cotyledons leafy,
very much folded. — Unarmed trees. Leaves alternate, pinnate, witli alternate
oblique leaflets. Plowers small, in teruiinal corymbose panicles.
• Besides the Australian species, which is widely dispersed over tropical Asia and the
Eastern Archipclago, only 2 arc known from Penang or the Philippine Islands.

1. M. pubescens, Bltme ; Oliv. in Jonrn. Linn. Soc. v. Siippl. 40.
Young branches and leaves more or less pubescent. Leaflets 9 to 15, or
sometimes more, from ovate to broadly lanceolate, 1 to 3 in. loug, obtuse or
shortly acuminate, oblique at the base, often becoming glabrous above, pu-
bescent underneath. Corymbs ncarly sessile above the last leaves, many-
flowered. Calyx more or less 5-tootlied. Petals about 2 lines long, more or
less pubescent. Ovary usually hairy. Berry small, ovoid, glabrous or pu-
bescent.

N. Australia. S. Goulburn Island aud Port Essiugton, A. Cunningham ; islands of
the Gnlf of Carpcutaria, R. Brown.

Queensland. Albany and Cairncross Islands and from the Burdekin to Moreton Bay,
T. Mueller ; Cape Upstart and Barnard \&\e&, M'Gillivrai/ ; Wide B&j, Bidwi/i ; Rock-
hampton, Thozet.

The varions forms assumed by this species and the conscquent synonymy are given in de-
tail by Olivcr in the abovc-quoted papcr. The Australian specimcns belong to the small-
flowcred variety, with rather broad lcailcts, common in thc S. Paciftc islands, which I for-
mcrly described as M . glahrescens, in Hook. Lond. Journ. ii. 212.

26. MURRAYA, Linn.

Calyx 5-cleft. Petals 5, narrow, imbricate in the bud. Stamens 10, free;
filaments subulate ; anthers small. Ovary 2- to 5-c(!lled. Style elongated,
at length deciduous, stigma capitate. Ovules solitary, or 2 in each cell,
superposed, or nearly collateral. Berry 1- or 2-seeded. Testa glabrous or
w^oolly; albumen none; cotyledons equal, not folded. — Unarmed trees or
shrubs. Leaves pinnate, leaflets alternate, usually oblique at the base.
Flowers often rather large, in terminal coryrabs, or few together in the upper
axils.

The genus comprises few species, dispersed over tropical Asia and the Eastern Archipelago ;
neither of the Australian ones are endemic.

Mutraya.'] xxviii. rutacE/^. 369

Ovary 2-ceUed. Flowcrs nearly |- iu. loDg \. M. exotica.

Ovary 5-celled. riowers numcrous, not 3 lincs long 2. J/. crenulata.

1. M. exotica, Lbin. ; OJiv. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. Suppl. 28. A slinib
or small tree, glabrous, or the young branclics and petioles pubescent.
Leaflets usually 5 to 7, fi"om ovate, cuneate-obovate, or ahnost rhoniboidal to
ovate-lanceolate, f to 2 in. long, coriaceous and shining when full-grown.
Flowers white, veiy fragrant, in compact, terminal, sessile corymbs, or few
together in the common varicties. Petals nearly | in. long, erect at the base,
spreading in the upper half. Ovary 2-celled. Berry globular or almost
ovoid, usually 2-seeded. — \Tight, Ic. t. 96.

N. Australia. Islands of the Giilf of Carpentaria, R. Brown.

Queensland. Scrub near Rockhampton, Thozet. These specimens are past flower and
have oiily a few young fruits, which are more ovoid thau they generally are iu the spe-
cies, but in other respects they ajjpear to belong as vvell as 13rown's to the few-fiowcred
var. /8 of Oliver, or 31. panicidata, Jack. The species is coniiuon from N.W. ludia to the
New Hebrides.

2. M. crenulata, OHv. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. Suppl. 29? A ghibrous
shrub or tree. Leatlets usually 7 to 11, very oblique, from oval-oblong to
oblong-elliptical, obtuse or shortly acuminate, 2 to 3 in. long, entire or ob-
scurely crenulate. Flowers (in the Plulippine specimens) in terminal coryrabs,
much more numerous and miich smaller than those of M. exotica. Petals 2^
to nearly 3 lines long. Prnit depressed-globidar, 5 or 6 lines diameter,
5-celled, but with 3 or 4 cells abortive. Seeds 1 or 2 ; cotyledons plano-
convex, thick and fleshy. — Glycosmis crenulata, Turcz. in Bull. Mosc. 1858,
i. 250.

Queensland. Eastern subtropical Australia, Herb. Mueller. The spccimens are iu
fruit only, but the foliage, the iiiflorescciice, and calyx are so precisely those of the Philippiue
Island ones that there is little doubt that they belong to the same species. The structure of
the fruit is quite that of Murraija ; the cotyledons of the seed vcry readily distiuguish it
from Micromelum, which in niauy respects has a similar habit and inflorescence.

27. CLAUSENA, Burm.

Calyx 4- or 5-cleft. Petals 4 or 5, broad, imbricate in the bud. Stamens
8 or 10; tilaments dilated at the base or in the middle; anthers short.
Ovary 4- or 5-ceIIed, or rarely 2- or 3-ceIled; style deciduous, with an entire
or lobed stigma ; ovules 2 in each cell, collateral or superposed. Beny ovoid
oblong or globular. Seeds with a membranous testa ; no albumen ; cotyle-
dons plano-convex. — Unarmed trees or shrubs. Leaves pinnate, vvith alter-
nate, nsually oblique leaflcts. Flowers small, iisually clustered in terminal
or axillary panicles or racemes. Berries small.

The genus, although not large, conipriscs more species than any other one of the tribe
Aurantiece, and extends over tropical Asia and Africa ; thc ouly Anstralian species known
is endemic.

1. C. brevistyla, Oliv. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. Suppl. 31. Apparently
a shrub, glabrous, or the young branches and petioles slightly pubescent.
Leaflets 10 to 15, very obliquely ovate or somewhat rhoraboidal, shortly and
obtusely acuminate and emarginate, raostly 2 to 4 in. long, membranous,
often obscurely sinuate-dentate, on petiolides of about 2 lines. Plower^^.

VOL. I. 2 B

370 XXVIII. kutacEjE. [Clausena.

4-merous or 5-merous, in termiual, loose, oblong or pyramidal paniclcs.
Petals about 2 liues loug. Filameuts tliick and dilated at tlie base, arched.
Ovary glabrous or uearly so, narrowed at the base, 4- or 5-celled. Style very
short, Fruit uot seeu.

Queensland. Hope Islands, M'Gillivrai/. Thc sjiccics is allicd to C. fiepfaphi/lla,
W. aiid Aru., froiii E. ludia, but the leafiets are much more oblique, the style much shorter,
besides minor diflereuces.

28. ATALANTIA, Corr.

Calyx 3- to 5-cleft. Petals 3 to 5, iinbricate iu the bud. Stameus twice
as mauy or rarely more, free or irregularly united at the base ; anthers ovate
or oblong. Ovary 2- to 5-celled; style deciduous, with a capitate stigma ;
ovules solitary or 2 in each cell, coUateral or rarely superposed. Beny
globuhTr, with a thickened riud, 1- to 5-seeded. Seeds obovoid or oblong,
testa membranous ; albumen none ; cotyledons flat or couvex, more or less
flesliy. — Shrubs or small trees, unarmed or thorny. Leaves simple, coriaceous.
Plowers in axillnry clusters or short racemes or small cymose panicles, occa-
sioually solitary. rniils usually larger tliau iu the preceding genera.

The genus is dispersed over tropical Asia. The Australiau spccics are both endeinic ; one
however is iu some measurc doubtful, the flowers beiug uiiknown, aiid the othcr is slii^htly
anomalous iu character though congcner in esscntial poiuts aud habit. The geuus, iu the
increased uumber of stamens of two spccies, and in the iufloresccnce, fruit, and seeds, con-
nects the auomalous Citriis with the rest of the tribe.

Leaves narrow. Spines straight or incurved. Pedicels clustercd in the

axils of the leaves 1. A.glauca.

Leavcs ovate. Spines mostly recurved. Eacemcs short, axillary or lcr-

minal 1. A. recurva.

1. A. glauca, Hook. /., in Benth. and Ifool-. Gen. Pl. 305. A rigid
glaucous shrub of 2 or 3 ft., oftcn arraed with straight or incurved axillary
spines of \ in. or undcr, the young slioots Avhitish with a very minute pu-'
besceuce. Leaves oblong-liuear or slightly cuueate, very obtuse or emarginate,
raostly 1 to 1| in. loug, thick, rigid, veiuless, narrowed iuto a short petiole;
those cn tlie barreu shoots sometimes marked with a few coarse creuatures.
Flowers usually 2 or 3 together in the axils, on pedicels of 1 to 2 lines.
Scpals 3 or 4, short and broad. Petals 3 or more frequently 4, obovate or
broadly oblong, 2 to 2^ lines loug, thin, coucave, much imbricate. Stamens
8 to 12, or sometiraes raore, the filaments ofteu slightly united at the base.
Disk thick, annular. Ovary 4- or 5-celIed, with 1, or occasionally 2, super-
posed ovules in each cell. Style ratber thick. Berry globular, about | in.
diameter. Seeds 3 or 4, obovoid, slightly compressed ; cotyledons slightly
fleshy, biit not thick. — Triphasla (/lauca, Lindl. in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 353 ;
Oliv. in Journ. Linu. Soc. v. Suppl. 26.

Queensland. Broad Sound, 7?. Brown ; Maranoa rivcr, MitcJieJl ; Suttor aud Bur-
delciii rivers, F. Mneller ; Port Denisou, Fitzatan. The species, although anoinalous in
some respects, has the foliagc and intloi'csceuce oi Alalantia, and is allied in several respects
to A. Hindsii, Oliv., approachiug like that species to Ciirus in the incrcased number of
stamens.

2. A. (?) recurva, Benth. Glabrous, arraed vvith axillary spines, very
spreading or recurved. Leaves broadly ovate, obovate or elliptical, mostly

Atalantia^ xxviii. rutace^. 371

veiy obtuse, \\ to 2\ in. long-, coriaceoiis, on petioles of 1 to 3 lines.
Eacemes axillary, soraetimes 2 together, i to 1 in. long, or terminal and
slightly branched. Pedicels very short. Calyx minute, 3- or rarely 4-lobed.
Petals and stamens not seen. Berries globular, either 1-seeded and 3 or 4
lines diameter, or 2-seeded and larger.

N. Australia. Careeniiig Bay,N.W.ooast,^.C?<««7W^//«w ; islantlsof the Gulf of Carpen-
taria, i?. Brown {Hb. R.Br). The flowers are wantiiig, to determine absolutely the affinities
of this species. R. Bro\vn's specimens are however in very good fruit. A. Cunninghani's
are in leaf only, with some remains of the inflorescence and calyx.

29. CITRUS, Linn.

Calyx 3- to 5-lobed. Petals 4 to 8, thick, imbricate in the bud. Stamens
indefinite, usuaily numerous, filaments flattened at the base and variously
connate, anthers oblong. Disk large, cupidar or annular. Ovary of 6 or
more cells ; styie deciduous, with a capitate lobed stigma ; ovules 4 to 8 in
each cel], in 2 rows. Berry globidar or oblong, with a thickened rind, several-
celled, with thin dissepiments, the cells more or less filled with transverse
pulpy cellules. Seeds with a coriaceous testa ; alburaen noue ; embryos often
more than one ; cotyledons fleshy, plano-convex, — Trees or shrubs, often
armed with axillaiy spines. Leaves 1-foliolate, the petiole often winged.
Flowers white, axillary, solitary clustered or shortly paniculate.

The really wild species are few, chiefly from tropical Asia, but long culture in most hot
countries has produced nuraerous permanent varieties. The Australian ones differ from the
others in the short petiole not at all winged.

Fruit globular. (Stamens about 10?) 1. C. australis.

Fruit oblong. Stamens above 20 2. C australasica.

1. C. australis, Planch. hi Hort. Donat. 18 {partly). A treeof 30 ft.
or more, quite glabrous, with axillary straight thorns of about -1 in. Leaves
ovate, obovate, or abuost rhomboidal, 1 to 2 in. long, obtuse or emarginate,
the petiole not exceeding 3 lines, and not winged. Flowers wanting in our
specimens, but according to A. Cunningham, he found a single one which had
10 free stamens. Pruit in the speciraens which I liave seen globular, from 1
to \\ in. diaraeter, with a hard rind ; cells 6 to 8, more or less pulpy, with
usually 3 or 4 seeds in each. — Limonia australis, A. Cunn. in Sweet. Cat.

Queensland. Brisbane river, A. Cunningham, Fraser ; Moreton ^&y, Leichhardt.
Cunningham"s specimens of this the " Native Orange " are in leaf with fruits attached ;
Leichhardt's are only loose fruits. AII onr specimeus in flower have much narrower leaves,
and I therefore refer them to the following species, to which also probably beiongs the poly-
audrous flowering specimen described by Planchon.

2. C. australasica, F. Mnell. Fragm. i. 26. A rigid sbrub (accord-
ing to A. Cunningham), quite ghabrous, with axilLary straight slender spines
of ^ in. or less. Leaves from obovate-oblong to oblong-cuneate or lanceolate,
very obtuse and emarginate, 1 to \\ or rarely 2 in. long, coriaceous, the
petiole usually very short, and not winged. Flowers solitary or rarely 2
together, on very short pedicels. Sepals 5, sraall, spreading, concave, minutely
ciliate. Petals oblong, nearly 4 lines long. Staniens 20 to 25, free. Ovarj'
in the flowers examined 6-celIed. Style very sbort, with a thickened, obtuse,
fuiTOwed stigma. Ovules 4 in each ceU. Fruit oblong, almost cylindrical,

2 b'2

373 XXVIII. RUTACE.E. [CltrifS.

2 or 3 times as long as l)road, tlie largest seen about 2 iu. loiig, with usiially
2 or 3 seeds in each ccU.

Queensland. Brisbanc rivcr, J. Citnmnyham, F. MunUer, and otlicrs ; Piue river,
Fitz/ilau.

N. S. Wales. Cliircnce rivcr, Bcckler ; Richmond rivcr, Herh. MueUer.

The spcciiiiciis are very unsatisfactory ; several with the narrowest leavcs are in leaf only,
others with rather broadcr lcavcs are iu fiower. None have thc fruit attachcd ; the loose
frnits are dcpositcd iu F. Mucllcr"» hcrbarium as belongiug to onc of the narrow-lcaved spe-
cimens. Tlie cvideucc, fhcrcl'oi'e, which has induccd me to rcfcr thc flowcriug specimeus
with uumerous stamtus lo thc obloug i-athcr th;iu to thc globular frnits, is far IVoni conclu-
sive, and thc qucs'ion canuot be determiucd uutil undoubted flowers of the globular-fruited
trce shall have been morc fully esamincd.

Order XXIX. SIMARUBEJE.

Flowers regular, dioecious or polygamous, raore rarely hermaphrodite.
Calyx usually small, 3- to 5-lobed, or dividcd into as maiiy distinct sepals.
Petals 3 to 5, hypogynous or slightly perigyiious, imbricate or valvate in the
bud, rarely wanting. Stamcns either equal in number to tlie pctals, and
altcrnating with thcm, or double the number, anthers usually Ycrsatile, with

2 parallel cells opcning longitudinally. Disk annular, cupuhir or elongated
within the stamens, under or round the ovaiy, or rarely none. Gynoccium of

3 to 5, rarely more or fewer carpcls, quite distinct, or more or lcss united into
a single lobed or rarely entire ovary, with one cell to each carpel. Styles as
raany as carpels, unitcd from the base or l)y tlie stigmas only, or entirely dis-
tinct. Ovulcs solitary in each ccU, or vcry rarely 2, the micropyle superior.
yruit-cai-pcls either distinct, dry or drupaceous, usually indchiscent, or u)iitcd
in a single drupe or capsule. Secds usually solitary in each carpel or cell,
pendulous ; testa membranous ; albumen abundant, or little, or none. Em-
bryo straight or curved ; cotyledons Hat or convcx, rarcly twisted ; radicle
superior. — Shrubs or trecs, with a bitter bark. Indumentum of simple not
stellate hairs. Leaves alternate or rarely opposite, pinnate or simple, usually
without glaudular dots. Stipulcs noue, exccpt in CadelUa. Flowers usually
smaU, iu axiilary or rarcly tcrminal panicles or racemes.

The Order cousists of a considerable number of small gcnei"a, chiefly tropical, dispersed
over the New as well as the Old World. Of the G Australian geuera, 3 beloug to tropical
Asia, ouc of which extcnds also into Africa, 2 arc cndemic, aud the sixth is on the seacoasts
of all tropical countrics. The Order as a wholc is somcwhat hctcrogeneous, and especially
has no pcculiar habit. In technical charactcrs it is closdy allicd to Rutacece, from which
it differs ciiicfly in thc bitter barl<, the want of pellncid dots to the leaves, and ia the soh-
taj-y ovulcs, but each of these charactcrs has some exeeptions.

Tribk I. Simarubese. — Ovary lobed or carpeh disthict.

Leaves pinnate.

Stamens twice as many as petals. Fruit-carpcls winged and samara-

lilce 1. AlLANTHUS.

Stameus cqual in numbcr to the petals. rmit-carpels drnpaceous . 2. Brucea.
Leavcs simple. Stamens twice as many as petals.

Calyx very small. Stylcs eonnate 3. Hyptiandra.

Sepals ucarly or quite as long as thc petals. Styles free.

Sepals sprcading nnder the fruit. Leaves thin 4. Cadellia.

Scpals counivent over the fruit. Leaves almost flcshy .... 5. Suriana.

XXIX. simarubEjE. 373

Tribe II. Picramuiese. — Ovary entire.
Leaves 3-foliolate 6. Harrisonia.

Tribe I. SiMARUBE^. — Ovaiy deeply divided, tlie carpels or lobes en-
tirely distiuct or conuected by the styles or stigmas.

1. AILANTHUS, Desf.

Flowers polygamous. Calyx small, 5-lobed. Petals 5, valvate in tlie bud.
Disk 10-lobed. Stamens 10, fewer or uoue iu tlie feraale flowers ; filameuts
witliout scales. Ovary 2- to 5-lobed; styles conuate, witli plumose stigmas ;
ovules solitary iu eacli cell. Fruit of 1 to 5, oblong, meuibranous samaras,
tlvickeued in tlie centre round the seed. Seed flatteued ; testa meiubranous ;
albuiuen scauty ; cotyledons leafy, nearly orbicular. — Trees. Leaves alter-
nate, piunate ; leaflets oblique. Flowers small, iu terminal pauicles.

Besides the Australian species, wliicli is eudemic, the genus comprises three others, natives
of the warmer regions of Asia, one of them much planted in various parts of the globe.

1. A. imberbiflora, F. Muell. Fragm. iii. 42. A tree, quite glabrous
in all ils parts. Leaflets about 15 to 17, shortly petioUilate, apparently
obliquely ovate-lanceohite and 2 or 3 in. long, but much broken in the only
specimeus seen. Pauicles not inuch brauched. Male flowers on short pedi-
cels, in little clusters along the upper part of the branches. Calyx very small.
Petals about l^- liues long, quite glabrous, valvate, not indiiplicate, and the
points scarcely iuflexed. Stamens exserted. Pemale flowers not seeu. Sa-
maraj in our specimens attainiug at least 2 in. iu leugth and \ in. iu breadth.

Queensland. Rockhampton, Thozet. Evidently, as suggested by F. Mueller, very
nearly allied to the E. Indian A. malaharica, DC. Prod. ii. 89, "Wiglit, Ic. t. 1C04, which
indeed seeics only to differ in a slight pubescence oa the panicle aud iu rather larger tiowers
and friiits.

A. rhodoptera, F. Jluell. Pj'agin. iii. 43, mentioned as cultivated in Kew England, is the
commonly planted A. glaiidalosa, Desf., DC. Prod. ii. 89. A. pimcfafa, F. Muell. 1. c, is
Peniaceras aastrafis, Hook. f., of which the fniit closely resembles that of an Aitanthus iu
outward form, although the inuer structure as well as the flower arc very diliereut.

2. BRUCEA, Mill.

Flowers polygamous. Calyx small, 4-cleft. Petals 4, minute, linear, im-
bricate in the bud. Disk 4-lobed. Staiueus 4. Ovary 4-lobed or of 4 dis-
tinct carpels, the styles free or coiinate at the base, tlie stigraas entire, spread-
ing ; ovules solitary iu each cell. Drupes 4, ovoid, scarcely fleshy, the pu-
tamen rugose. Seed with a membranous testa; albiuuen copious ; ciubryo
straight, radicle superior.— Trees. Leaves alternate, pinuatc ; lcaflets oblique.
Flowers very small, iu small cymes, in simple slender axillary spikes.

The genus comprises a very few species, spread over tropical Asia and Africa, extending
inlo northeru ludia. The Australian species is one of the conimoncst Asiatic oues.

1. B. Sumatrana, Roxh. Fl. Ind. i. 449. A shrub or tree, the youug
brauches and ])etiohis softly tomentosc. Leaves 1 to 1|- ft. long or eveu
more ; leaflets 5 to 11, ovate-kmceolate, acuminate, about 3 in. long, coarsely
toothed, usually oblique at the base, softly pubescent or tomentose-villous,

374 XXIX. siMARUBEiE. [Brucea.

especially underneath. Flowers very small, purple, in little cymes or clusters
along the peduncle, forming intemipted spikes or racenies of 6 to 10 in. ia
the males, rauch shorter in the females. Drupcs about 3 lines long.

W. Australia. Arnhem's Bay, R. Brown ; Victoria rivcr, F. MueJler. The latter
specimen has the leaflets very densely and softly velvety on both sides; in R. Brown's speci-
nieus they are not more so than in the majority of Indian specimens. {Herb. R. Br. aud
F. Muell.)

3. HYPTIANDRA, Hook. f.

Plowers hermaphrodite. Calyx small, of 4 or 5 distinct sepals. Petals 4
or 5, imbricate in the bud. Disk thiek. Stamens 8 or 10 ; filameuts flattened,
deusely villous. Ovary of 4 or 5 distinct carpels, connected upwards by a
short style ; stigma inconspicuous. Ovules solitary iu each cell or accom-
panied by a secoud smaller abortive oue. Fruit unknown. — A shrub or tree,
pubesceut with simple hairs. Leaves altemate, simple. Flowers axillary.

The genus is limited to a single species, endemic iu Australia. We had, in our ' Genera
Plautarum,' placed it doubtrully amongst Ri(taceiz;-Boro>iie(p, with which it is closely con-
nected by the flowers, but, ou further cousideration, the vvant of glandular dots, the bitter
barii, aud simplc hairs have induced us to remove it to Simarubea.

1. H. Bidwilli, Ilook.f. in Benth. and llook. Gen. Pl. 294. Probably
a tall erect shrub or tree, the young shoots silky-pubescent with a])pressed
simple hairs. Leaves petiohite, hmceohtte, narrowed at each end, but usually
obtuse, 3 to 4 in. long, entire, eoriaceous, glabrous on both sides, or with a
few small appressed hairs on the veins underueath, not dotted. Plowers small,
shortly pediceUate, in axillary chisters, with a few appressed strigose hairs on
the pedicels and petals. Petals ovate, much imbricate, rather more thau 1
line long. Pilaments dilated to above the middle and fringed, especially in-
side, with long hairs. Ovary hirsute.

Queeusland. Wide Bay, Bidwill.

4. CADELLIA, P. Muell.

Plowers hermaphrodite. Sepals usually 5, nearly as long as tlie petals,
enhirged and stelhitcly spreading under the fruit, imbricate in the bud. Petals
5, imbricate in the bud. StamenslO; fihaments filiforiu. Disk noiie. Car-
pels 1 or 5, free ; styles distinct, inserted on the iiuier angle above or below
the middle ; stigmas dihited or capitclhite ; ovules 2 in each carpcl, collateral,
pendulous or asceuding. Fruit-carpels coriaceous, sniall, indehiscent or ob-
seurely 2-valved. Seeds solitary, without aUnnneu ; testa membranous ; em-
bryo cnrved. — A tree. Leaves alternatc, simple, Avith smaU, often deciduous
stipulcs. Flowers in short loose axillary racemes.

The genus is limited to Australia. It only diflcrs from Suriana in the ai-borescent habit
and thiuuer spreading calyx.

Carpels 5. Lcaves mostly obtuse. Racemes very loose ]. C. pentastylis.

Carpels solitary. Leaves mostly acute or acumiuate. Racemes short . 2. C. monostijlis.

1. C. pentastylis, T. Muell. Fragm. ii. 25, /. 12. A tree, attaining
40 ft., the smaller branches very slender and miiuitely pubescent. Leaves
from obovate-obloug to eUiptical or lanceolate, obtuse, about l^ to 2 in. long.

CadelUa.'] xxix. siMAKUBEit;. 375

entire, narrowed into a short petiole, occasionally bearing a gland on one side,
glabrous, penniuerved and reticnlate, not dotted. Peduncles in the upper
axils slender, bearing a short raceme of 2 to 4 flowers. Sepals neavly 3 lines
long at the time of flowering, enlarged to 5 or 6 lines, and stellately spread-
ing uuder the fruit. Petals white, slightly exceeding tlie sepals. Carpels 5,
the styles inserted above the niiddle. Ovules pendidous. Drupes about l^
lines long, nearly globular, with an inner angle, somewhat coriaceous, with a
crustaceous endocarp. Embryo much curved or circinate like that of Suri-
ana ; cotyledons much broader than in that plant, variously folded according
to P. Mueller, in the seed I opened flat, except following the general cm'vature
of the embryo.

N. S. Wales. Rocks at the falls of the Severn iu New Eoglaud, near Tenterfield, C.
Stuart.

2. O. THO^nostyiis, BeniJt. A glabrous slender tree (or shrub?). Leaves
petiolate, from ovate-lanceolate to elliptical-oblong, shortly acuminate, mostly
3 to 4 in. long, narrowed at the base, membranous or thinly coriaceous.
Racemes, in the few specimens seen, very short, slender, 2- to 4-flowered.
Pedicels about 2 lines long, in the axils of miuute bracts. Sepals nearly 2
lines long, shortly united at the base, membranous, persistent, and spreading
after flowering. Petals (1 only seen) about twice as long as the sepals. Sta-
meus 10, but in some of the flowers 1 or 2 are semiabortive (or already
withered away ?). Carpels in all the flowers seen solitary, with the style quite
basal as in Surlana. Ovules as in C. pentastylis, coUateral, but horizontal or
slightly ascending.

W. S. '^Vales. Clarence river, Beckler. The specimens seen are very few with very
few flowers, the petals already alniost all fallen away.

5. SURIANA, Liun.

Flowers hermaphrodite. Sepals 5, as long as the petals, persistent and
closing over the fruit, imbricate in the bud. Petals 5, imbricate in the bud.
Stamens 10, filaments filiform. Disk none. Cai-pels 5, free ; styles distinct,
filiform, inserted near tlie base of the carpels ; stigmas capitellate ; ovules 2
in each cai-pel, ascending. Fruit-carpels coriaceous, indehiscent. Seeds soli-
tary, ascending, without albumen ; testa membranous ; embryo curved. — A
maritime shrub. Leaves alternate, simple. Peduncles iu the upper axils 1-
or few-flowered.

The geuus is limited to a single species widely spread over the seacoasts of niost tropical
countries. It is ia many respects auomalous in the structure of the flowers, but is certaiuly
allied to Cneorum and Castela, and, with them, appears to be better placed among Sima-
rubece than in any other Order to which it has been referred, although it is deprived of the
bitter priuciple of the majority of SimarubecB.

1. S. maritima, Linn. ; W. and Arn. Prod. 361. A rigid, much-
branched shrub, more or less hoary or tomentose with simple, often capitate
hairs. Leaves crowded, linear-spathulate, obtuse, 1 to l^ in. long, narrowed
at the base, cpute entire, rather thick, scarcely veined. Peduncles short in the
u])per axils, bearing 1 or very few flowers, ofteu forming short leafy terminal
corymbs. Sepals rather thick, acute or acumiuate, 3 to 4 lines long, slightly
enlarging and closing over the fruit. Petals yellow, scarcely as long as the

376 XXIX. siMARUBE^. [Suriam.

sepals. Nuts or drupes aljout half as loug as the calyx, miuutely pubesceut,
with a thin cpicai"p aud crustaceous endocarp. Embiyo iu the seeds examined
as much curved as-in Cadellia, but the cotyledous narrower.

Queensland. Islands off the N.E. coast, R. Brown, F. Mueller, and others.

Tribe II. riCKAJiNiE.5:. — Ovary 2- to 5-celled, eutire or rarely shortly
lobed.

6. HARRISONIA, K. Br.

Flowers hennaphrodite. Calyx small, 4- or 5-cleft. Petals 4 or 5, ahnost
valvate. Disk heraispherical or cupular. Stamens 8 or 10, with a sniall 2-
cleft scale at the base of the fihnneuts. Ovary globuhn-, entire or shortly
lobed, 4- or 5-cellcd. Styles connate or distinct at the base ; stigma fur-
rowed. Ovules solitary in each cell, pendidous. Drupe small, globular, with
2 to 5 pyrenes or nnts. Seeds solitary, nearly globidar ; testa rather thick ;
albumen scanty ; cotyledons fokled towards the middle. — Trees, usually armed
with prickles. Leaves alternate, compound. Flowers small, in pedunculate
axillary cymes.

The genus comprises only tvvo species, nativcs of the Indiau Archipelago, one of them ex-
tendiiitc to Australia.

1. H, Brownii, A. Juss. in Mem. Mns. Par. xii. 540, t. 28. A shrub.
Branches glabrous, often arraed with short couical prickles, usually in pairs,
one on each side of the leaf, but probably not really stipulary. Leaflets 3,
ovate, acuminate, Ij to 3 in. long, the lateral ones petiolidate and oblique at
the base, the terminal one narrowed at the base ; all glabrous or spriukled
with a few hairs underueath. Flowers small, few together in axillary cyraes,
ou slender peduncles, shorter than the leaves. Calyx and petals quite gla-
brous. Filameuts hairy at the base. Drupe small, depressed, globidar, fur-
rowed betwecn tlic nuts.

W. Australia. Islaiuls of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brotcn {Herb. R. Br.). We
have it also tVoni Tiiuor aud from the Philippiuc Islands, and it probably extcnds ovcr other
interveuiug islauds.

Order XXX. BURSERACEJS.

Flowers regular, hermaphrodite or polygamous. Calyx usually small, 3-
to 5-Iobed or dividcd into as many distinct scpals. Petals 3 to 5, hypogy-
nous or perigynous, imbricate or valvate iu the bud. Stamens twice as many
as petals, or rarely of the same numbcr, inserted on or around the disk ; an-
thers versatile, with 2 parallel cells o]Huiiug longitudiually. Disk usually
anmdar or cupular, often adnate to the base of the calyx. Ovary free, 2- to
5-ceIIed, taperiug into a isingle style, with an entire or lobed stigma. Ovules
2 in each celJ or rarely solitary, usually peudulous, the micropyle superior.
Fruit a drupe, either iudehiscent or the epicarp opcning in 2 valves, pyrenes
2 to 5, bony or chartaceous, distiuct or united. Seeds solitary iu each py-
rene, pendnlous ; testa membranous ; albumen none. Cotyledons usually
membranous, folded or rarely thick and flcshy.- — Shrubs or trees, often yield-
ing a balsamic fluid. Ijcaves usuaDy alternate, pinnate, or in genera not Aus-

XXX. BURSERACE^. 377

tralian 3-foliolate, wdtliout or rarely witli stipules. Flowers small, in racemes
or panicles.

The Order is spread over most tropical regions. The two Australiau geuera are both
widely dispersed over tropical Asia, one is also ia Africa, and the other iu tropical Anierica.

Calyx 5-lobed, the disk lining the tube, with the stamens ou the margin . 1. Garuga.
Calyx 3-lobed, the disk free, with the stamens outside or on the margia . 2. Canarium.

1. GARUGA, Roxb.

Plowers polygaraous. Calyx campanulate, 5-lobed, valvate. Petals 5, in-
serted above the middle of tlie calyx-tube, induplicate-valvate. Disk thin,
lining the calyx-tube. Stamens 10, inserted with the petals. Ovary 4- or
5-celled ; styles elongated ; ovules 2 in each cell. Drupe indehiscent, with
5 or fewer bony nuts, rugose outside. Seeds solitary in each nut ; cotyle-
dons folded.— Trees. Leaves pinnate. Flowers racher Large for the Order,
in terminal panicles.

The genusis dispersed over tropical Asia and America; the Australiau specics exteuds at
least to Timor, and is perhaps a variety of a common Asiatic one.

1. G. fioribunda, Dcue. Ilerb. Tim. Descr. 149. Branches thick,
niarked with the broad scars of the fallen leaves. Leaves crowded at the ends
of the branches ; leaflets 7 or 8 pairs, very shortly petiohdate, very obiiquely
ovate-Lanceohite, acuminate, 2 to 3 in. long, crenate especially on the outer
edge, glabrous when full grown, the conmiou petiole 8 in. to 1 ft. long,
sb'ghtly pubescent or at leugth glabrous. Panicles broad and dense, tei'mi-
nating leafless branches. Plowers numerous, much smaller than in the com-
mon Indian G. jji/inata, Roxb., arranged in cymes along ihe last ramifications,
the pedicels and flowers hoary with a niinute tomentum. Calyx about 2
lines long. Petals linear-oblong, twice as long as the calyx-lobes, Fruit not
seen.

N. Australia. Port Nelson, N.W. coast, A. Cunninciham. I have followed Planchon
(in Herb. Hook.) iu referring this to the Timor spccies described by Decaisiie, although I
have seeu no specimens from that islaud. It diifers from some forms of G. innnata, Koxb.,
in little besides thc much smaller flowers in a more compouud panicle.

2. CANARIUM, Linn.

Flowers herniaphrodite or polygaraous. Calyx campanulate, usually 3-lobed,
valvate. Pctals usually 3, valvate, or slightly imbricate in the bud. Disk
annular, rather thick. Stamens twice as many as petals, inserted on the
margin of or outside the disk. Ovary usually 3-celled ; stigma sessile, capi-
tate, 3-lobed ; ovules 2 in each cell. Drupe ovoid or ellipsoid, often 3-angled,
the putainen 1-celled by abortion. Seed solitaiy; testa membranous ; co-
tyledons folded. — Trees, with large pinnate leaves. Flowers small, in axillaiy
panicles.

The largest genus of the Order, dispersed over tropical Asia and especially the ludiau
Arcbipelago, with a fcw Africau specics. The Australian one is endemic.

1. C. australasicum, F. Muell. Trugm. iii. 15. Branches thick,
niarked with the l)road scars of fallen leaves, the young ones minutely hoary.
Leaflets 5 to 9, petiolulate, ovate or oval-oblong, or the lower ones nearly

378 XXX, BURSERACEiE. [Canarium.

orbicular, very obtuse, or rarely shortly acuminate, 2 to 4 in. long, glabrous,
coriaceous, witli parallel pinnate veins, and smaller reticulations conspicuous
ou both sides. Stipules linear-subulate, deciduous. Panicles raceme-like in
the upper axils, sh orter than the leaves, the cymes shortly peduncuhite along
the simple rhaohis. Bracts and bracteoles small, deciduous. Flowering
calyx 1 line long, tomentose. Petals about 2 lines, glabrous. Stamens 6,
the filaraents shortly uuited in a cup ot the base. Drupes ellipsoid, the woody
nut nearly 1 in. long, sraooth, usually 1-celled, rarely with 2 cells and seeds.
Cotyledons much folded and crarapled.

N. Australia. Carceiiing Bay, N.W. coast, A. Cunningham; Port Essington, Arm-
strong ; islands of the Gulf of Carpentai-ia, R. Broicn, Heiine.

Queensland. Estuary of the Bui'dekin, Fitzalan. The species does not come very
near to any other oue known to me.

Order XXXI. MELIACE^.

Flowers reguhir, usually hermaphrodite. Calyx small, 4- or 5-lobed, or divided
into as many distinct sepals. Petals 4 or 5, rarely more, or 3 only, free or aduate
to the staminal tube, irabricate or rarely valvate. Stamens as many, or more
frequently twice as inany, as petals ; the filaraents, in MeliaceeB proper, united
in a tube ; antliers sessile or shortly stipitate within, or at the surarait of the
tube; in Cedrelece, filaments free. Disk various, often annuhnr or tubuhir,
free within the staminal tube. Ovary free, entire, 3- to 5-celled; style
siinple ; stigma thick, disk-shaped or pyramidal. Ovules in each cell 2, or
(in Carapa and the CedrtlecB) 4 or more, the micropyle superior. Fruit a
capsule, berry, or rarely a drupe, indehiscent, or septicidally or loculicidally
dehiscent. Seeds 1, rarely 2, or in Cedreleoe few in eacli cell, with a ventral
hikim ; alburaen fleshy or none, embryo tlat or nearly so, radicle superior. —
Trees or slu-ubs, the wood often colourcd and soraetiines fragrant, the bark
rarely bitter. Leaves alternate or very rarely opposite, simple, or more fre-
quently ])innate, the petiole often continuing long to grow out and produce
fresh leaflets ; leaflets without dots, except iu Fiuulersia. Plowers paniculate,
often small.

Thc Order is found abundantly in the tropical or warm regions of Asia and America,
more rarely iu Africa. Of the 10 Australian genera, 3 are endemic, 3 are coniuion to the
tropical regions both of the New and the Old World, the remaiuing 4 are Asiatic, one of
thcui exteudiug also into Africa.

Meliaceie propcr are at ouce known amoug the allied Orders by their staminal tube.
Ceclrelete, with free stameus, are in that respect auomalous, and might tcchuically be re-
ferred to soiue of the prcceding Orders contaiuiug pinnate-lcaved trces; but the habit, the
large disk-like stigma, and some miuor charactcrs, havc referrcd thcm with commou cousent
to Meliacea as a tribe. Flinclersid, howevcr, wilh its pellucid-dottcd leavcs, is really as
nearly couuectcd with Rutaceie-Zanlhoxylece as with Meliacece, but retained among the
latter on acconnt of its fruit aud sccds so nearly those of Cedrela.

Tribe I. Meliese. — Stamens uniled in a tuhe. Ovules 2 i7i each cell. Seeds not
winyed, albuminous.

Leavcs simple. Petals very long and narrow 1. TurrjEA.

Leaves bipinnate 2. Melia.

Tribe IL Trichiliese. — Stamens unitedin a tube. Ovules 2,rare/i/l, or {iuCca-aim)
more than 2 in each cetl. Seccls not icinged, vdthout albumen. Leaves pinnate.
Disk tubular or cup-shaped, enclosing the ovary 8. Dysoxylon.

XXXI. MELIACE^. 379

Disk anniilar, or undistinguishabie from the thickened base of the ovary.
Stamens cqua! in number to or not twice as mauy as petals. Flowers

very sniall, globular 4. Aglaia.

Stameus twice as mauy as petals.

Stauiiual tube truucate or scarcely crenulate, the anthers included
or scarccly protrudiug. Capsule hard.

Ovules 1 (rarely 2 superposed) iu each cell 5. Amoora.

Ovules 2, parallei, attached to a peudulous placenta, which iu

the fruit is a thick arillus betvveeu the two seeds .... 6. Synoum.
Staminal tube toothed, with the anthers protruding between the
teeth. Ovules solitary. Drupe globular, with a woody or

stony putamen 7. Owenia.

Staminal tube truncate or crenate. Ovules more than 2 in each cell.

Lcaflets reticulate 8. Carapa.

Tribe III. Cedrelese. — Stamens free. Ocules more than 2 in each cell, Seeds
winged. Leaves pinnate or rarety simple.

Petals erect. Disk thick. Capsule smooth. Leaves not dotted . . 9. Cedrela.
Petals spreading. Disk broadly cupular. Capsule muricate. Leaves

pellucid-dotted 10. Flindersia.

Tribe I. MeliEjE. — Stamens united in a tube. Ovules 2 in each cell.
Seeds not mnged, alburninous. Leaves various.

1. TITRR^A, Linn.

Calyx 4- or 5-tootlied or lobed. Petals 4 or 5, elongated, free. Staminal tube
cylindrical, toothed at tlie surarait, anthers 8 or ] 0, withiu the suraniit of the
tube. Disk anuidar or none. Ovary 5-, 10- or 20-celIed; style tiliforin, with
a disk-hlce stigina ; ovules 2 in each cell, superposed. (Japsule 5- or several-
celled, opening locidicidally in as many coriaceous valves. Seeds oblong, with
a broad ventral hilum, sometiines winged ; alburaen fleshy, cotyledons leaf-
like. — Trees or shrubs. Leaves simple. Peduncles axiUary, beariug few, white
flowers.

The genus extends over tropical Asia and Africa ; the AustraUan species is found ulso ia
the Indian Archipclago.

1. T. pubescens, Helleti. ; Willd. Spec. Pl. ii. 555. A shrub or small
tree. Leaves at the time of flowering small, from obovate and emarginate to
ovate-lanceolate and acuminate, pubescent as well as the young shoots ; •\vhen
fuU-grown ovate, shortly acuminate, 2 to 3, or even 4 in. long, soraewhat
coriaceous, quite glabrous or slightly pubescent underneath. Flowers white,
sweet-scented, in axillary clusters or short raceraes of 3 to 6. Petals narrow,
liuear-spathulate, 1 to l^ iu. long. Starainal tube rathcr shorter, with 10
short teeth, each one more or less divided into 2 to 4 lobes, or rarely eutire.
Style exserted. Pruit nearly globular, 5-ccIled, furrowed opposite the dis-
sepiments, 3 to 4 lines diameter in some speciraens, \ in. in others, o]Dening
loculicidally in 5 valves, leaving the greater part of the raeinbranous dissepi-
ments attached to tlie axis. Seeds not winged. — T. Billardieri, A. Juss. in
Mein. Mus. Par. xix. 218; Benn. Pl. Jav. Kar. 181 (from the character
given) ; T. coucinna, Benn. Pl. Jav. Rar. 182.

Queenslaud. Broad Sound, Keppel Bay, etc., R. Broion ; Cape York, M'Gillivrai/ ;
Sunday Island, N.E. coast, A. Cunningham ; Burdekin and Pine rivers, Fitzalan ; Tarama
hills, Leichhardi ; Kockhampton, Thozet ; Mount Lindsay, W. Uill.

380 XXXI. MELiACE.E. [Turrcea.

The species appcars to be generally dispersed over the ludian Archipclago ; the lobcs of
the tecth of thc staminal tube, npon which the distinction of T. pnbescens, T. Billardieri,
and T, concinna is chiefly fouoded, are very variable, evcn on the same specimen.

2. MELIA, Linn.

Calyx 5- or 6-cleft. Petals 5 or 6, linear-spathulate, spreading. Staminal
tiibe 10- or 12-toothed; anthers 10 or 12, within the suramit. Disk annular.
Ovary 3- to G-celled; style slender, with a capitate lobed stigma; ovules 2
in each cell, superposed. Drupe succulent, with a bony 1- to 5-celled puta-
men. Seeds solitary in each cell ; testa crustaceous ; albumen fleshy, some-
times scanty or none, cotyledous leaf-like. — Trees. Leaves usually twice or
thrice pinnate, with petiolulate toothed leaflets. riowers paniculate.

The genus comprises but very few species, natives of tropical Asia, one of them generally
plantcd in many parts of the globe. The Australian species is one of the Asiatic ones.

L M. composita, JFilld. ; W. and Arn. Prod. 117. An elegant tree,
tlie young leaves, shoots, and inflorescence sprinkled with a mealy stellate
tomentuin which disappears with age. Leaves twice or rai'ely thrice pinnate ;
leaHets petioKilate, opposite with a terminal odd one, ovate to aliuost lan-
ceolate, acuininate, 1 to 2 in. long, entire, coarsely toothed or sometimes
lobed. Panicles loose, shorter tlian tlie leaves, retaining the mealy tomentum
late, especially on the calyx and petals. Sepals small, ovate. Petais 4- to 5
lines long. Staminal tube hirsute inside behiud the anthers, the teeth alter-
nately entire and 2-cleft ; antliers glabrous or sliglitly hirsute. Ovary 5-celIed.
Drupe ovoid, ^ to | in. long. — M. australasica, A. Juss. in Mem. Mus. Par.
xix. 257.

N. Australia. Albert river, Ilenne.

Queenslaud. Burdekiu river, F. Mtieller ; Broad Sound, iZ. Brown ; llockhampton,
T^huzet.

N. S. TVales. ^lacleay, Hastings, and Clarence rivers, Beckler ; Newcastle, Leich-
hardt.

The Australian trcc appears to me idcutical with the M. nomposila of East India and thc
Archipchmo, and scarcely differs from tiie more conunon M. Azedarach, except in the more
abuiidant luealy tomentum, cspecially on the iuflorescencc and flovvers. The drupe is also
usually largcr and niore ovoid.

3. DYSOXYLON, Blume.

(Ilartighsca, A. Juss.)

Calyx small, 4- or 5-toothed, or divided into 4 or 5 sepals. Petuls 4 or 5,
free or adnate to the staminal tnbe, spreading at the top. Staminal tube
truncate or 8- or 10-toothed; anthers 8 or 10, within the summit. Disk
tubular, as long as or usually much longer than the ovary. Ovaiy 3- to
5-celIed; style elongated ; stiguui disk-like ; ovulcs 2 in cach cell, or rarely
solitary. Capsule globular or pear-shaped, 1- to 5-celIed, opening loculicidally
in 2 to 5 thickly coriaceous valves. Seeds with or rarely without an arillus,
oblong, with a broad ventral hihun ; testa coriaceous ; albumen none ; coty-
lcdons large. — Trees, often foetid. Leaves pimiate, leaflets opposite or al-
teriuite in the same species, entire, ofteu oblique. Panicles axillary, loose,
but often small. Flowers not very small.

Dysoxylon.'] xxxi. MELiACEiE, 381

A considerable genus, spread over tropical Asia and the Indian Arcliipclngo, extending
also to New Zealand. The Australian species are all eiidemic. The genus is readily known by
the tubular disk euclosing the ovary within the staminal tube.

Calyx cupular, shortly toothed. Petals free. Flowcrs 4-merous.

Ovary-cells 2, 2-ovulate ] . Z). latifoHum.

Calyx cupular, shortly toothed or lobed. Petals adnate to the sta-
minal tube.
Plowers 4-merous. Ovary-cells 3, 2-ovulate. Leaflets 5 to 9.

Paniclcs small, loose. Tubniar disk short and broad .... 2. 7). Frasera7ium,
riowers 4-merous. Ovary-cells 4, 1-ovulate. Leatlets 11 to 21.
Panicles large. Staminal tube hirsute. Tubular disk long and

slender 3. Z). Miielleri.

Flowers 4- or 5-merous. Ovary-cells 4 or 5, 1-ovuIate. Lealiets

4 to 6. Pauicles loose, few-tlowered. Staminal tube glabrous . 4. D. Lesscrlianum.
Calyx of 5 distinet sepals. Petals adnate to the stamiual tube.

Jlowers 5-merous. Ovai'y-celIs 5, 2-ovuIate ^. D. rufam.

1. D. latifolium, BoitJi. Leaves glabrous ; leaflets in our speciraens
4 or .5, ovate or broadly oval-oblong, shortly acuminate, 3 to 4 in. long,
oblique at tlie base, somewliat coriaceous. Flowers in sessile or sliortly
pedunculate ckisters, along a simple, axillaiy, nearly glabrous peduncle of 4
to 5 in. Pedicels short, sbghtly pubescent. Calyx cupuUir, not 1 Kne long,
with 4 very short broad teeth. Petals 4, pubescent outside, about 3 bnes
long, valvate in the bud, free froni the staminal tube. Staminal tube truncate,
and shortly and irregularly 8-toothed. Disk broadly tubular, sprinkled with
a few minute hairs. Ovary, in the flowers examinecl, 2-ceIIed, with 3 ovules
in each cell, pubescent, tapering iuto an elongated style ; stigma disk-like.
Pruit not seen.

Queensland. rrauklaud Islands, M^GiUivray.

2. D. Fraseranum, Benth. A tree of 80 to 130 ft., the young leaves and
shoots slightly pubescent, glabrous when full-grown. Leaflets 5 to 9, oblong-
Janceolate or elliptical, acuminate, 3 to 6 in. long, narrowed and erpial at the
base, bearing occasionally tufts of hairs in the axils of the principal veins
underneath. Panicles in the upper axils short, loose, divaricately branched,
slightly pubescent. Calyx cupular, about 1 line long, shortly aud broadly
4-lobed. Petals 4, about 3 lines long, nearly glabrous, adnate to the staminal
tube to about half their length. Staminal tube 8-toothed, glabrous outside.
Disk broadly tubular, rather longer than the ovary. Ovary hirsute, 3-celIed,
with 2 ovules in each cell. Pritit not seen, — Hartir/hsea Fraserana, A. Juss.
in Mem. Mus. Par. xix. 362, t, 15.

N. S. Wales. Ilastings river, Fraser ; Woods of Paris Exhibition, n. 238, M'Jrthur.

3. D. Muelleri, Benth. A tree of GO ft. or more, glabrous or nearly so,
except the very young shoots and inflorescence. Leaves 1 to 2 ft. long ;
leaflets 11 to 21, from ovate to almost lanceolate, shortly acuminate, 3 to 6
in. long, very oblique at the base, one side rounded, the other truncate and
shoi-ter, almost coiiaceous. Panicles pyramidal, i to 1 ft. long, much-
branclied and many-flowered. Calyx cupular, -1 to f line long, pubescent, 4-
lobed. Petals 4, nearly glabrous, about 5 lines long, adhering to the stami-
nal tube to about two-thirds their length. Staminal tube truncate and mi-
nutely crenulate, hirsute outside. Disk narrow-tubidar, nearly half as long

382 XXXT. MELTACE^. [Bysoxijlon.

as the staminal tuhe. Ovaiy hirsute, 4-celled, with 1 ovule in each ccll.
Fruit only seen very young, soon becoraing gla1)rous.

Queensland. Brisbane river, Moreton Bay, W. Ilill, F. Mueller.
N. S. Wales. Clareuce river, Beckler.

4. D. Lessertianum, Benth. Quite g-labrous, or the young shoots and
panicles miuutcly pubesceut. Leaflets 4 to 10, usually witliout any termiiial
odd one, elliptical or hmceolate, shortly and obtusely acuminate, 4 to 5 in.
long. Panicles loose, extra-axillary, 3 to 4 in. long. Calyx short, cupular,
cntire or irregularly crenvdate. Petals 4 or 5, ghibrous, more or less adhereut
to the stamiual tube at their l^ase, rarely at length free. Staminal tube gla-
brous, 8- or 10-toothed. Tubular disk broad, scarcely longer tlian the ovary.
Ovary hirsute, 4- or 5-celled, with 1 ovule in each cell. Fruit hard, obovoid,
about \ in. long in tlie specimens scen. Arillus of the seeds thin. — Hartigh-
sea Lenfiertlana, A. Juss. in Mera. Mus. Par. xix. 264.

N. S. M^ales. Williams River, R. Brown ; Clarence river, lJ'iIco.r, Beckler.
Yar. jinbesci-ns. Yoang shoots, petiolcs, (uuler side of Ihe leaflets, and infloresceuce softly
pubesceut. Chirence river, Beclder {Hb. F. Muell.).

5. D. rufum, Bmth. A slender troe of 30 to 40 ft., the young branches,
petioles, and under side of tlie leaves clothed with a soft often rust-coloured
pubesccuce. Leaves l^ to 2 ft. long; leaflets numerous, very sliortly pctio-
lulate, ovate-lanceolate or lanceohite, acuminatt^, 3 to 6 in. long. very oblicpie
at the base, glabrous on the upper side. Panicles axilUiiy or hiteral, not
niuch brauclied, pubescent. Flowers sessile. Sepals 5, ahnost free, orbicu-
Lir, imbricate, about 1 liue long. Petals 5, pubescent, ^ in. long, adhering
to the staminal tube to about the raiddle. Stamiual tube truncate, with 10
retuse short lobes or teeth ; anthers tipped with a short point. Disk broadly
tubular, very hairy. Ovary hirsute, 5-celled, with 2 ovules in each cell.
Frnit depressed-globular, 1 in. diameter, densely hirsute with short, rigid,
almost golden hairs. Seeds arillate. — Hartighsea rtifa, A. Rich, Sert. Astrol.
29, t. 11.

Queensland. Moreton Bay, A. CiinningJiam, JF. SiJl, F. MueJJer.

Iff. S. Wales. Port Maeqnarie, J. Cunnincjham ; llasting;s river, Fraser ; Clarence
river, C. Moore. The wood, known to thc colonists as Baslard Cedar-peticil icood, is soft
and easily worked, used in house-building.

Var. (?) (jJaJjrescens. Leaves quite glabrous. Fruit tomentosc, with very sliort golden
hairs. — llockhampton, Tliozet.

4. AGLAIA, Lour.

(Milnea, Ro.rb. ; Nemedra, A. Juss.)

Flowers polygamous. Calyx 4- or 5-toothed or cleft. Petals 4 or 5,
short, connivent, imbricate in the bud. Staminal tube globular or urceolate,
entire or shortly toothed ; anthers as many as petals or rarely more, within
the summit of the tube. Disk none, or not distinct from the base of the
ovary. Ovary 2- or 3-celled, with a short thick style and disk-Iike stigma ;
ovules 1 or 2 in each cell. Fruit coriaceous or almost succulcut, indehiscent.
Seeds 1 or 2, enveloped in a mealy pulp, without any ariUus. — Trees, either
glabrous or clothcd with small scurfv scales or rarclv with slellate tomentum.

Af/laia.'] xxxi. meliace^. 383

Leaves piiinate, with entire leaflets. Flowers very small, nearly globular, in
axillaiy panicles.

The genus is dispersed over tropical Asia aiid the islands of the Indian Archipelago and
the Pacific. The ouly Australian species is aiso a native of New Caledonia and New Guiuea.

1. A. elseagnoidea, Bentk. A tree of 20 to 30 ft., tlie young branclies,
inflorescence, and uiuler side of the leaves covered with siJky or rust-coloured
scurfy scales, often fringed at the edges. Leaflets 8 or rarely 5, petiohilate,
ovate-oblong, or the terminal one obovate, acuminate, rarely ovate-lanceolate,
2 to 3 in. long or rarely more, coriaceous, glabrous above when full-groMni.
Flowers globular, about 1 line diameter, numerous in loose panicles which
rarely exceed the leaves. Calyx shortly 5-, rarely 4-lobed. Petals 5, rarely
4, much imbricate, sprinkled as well as tlie ovary with the scurfy scales that
cover the calyx and inflorescence. Anthers usually 5, but in some flowers 6,
7, or even more, within the short urceolate tube, which is thickened into
raised filaments below the antliers. Ovaiy' 3-celled, with 1 (or sometimes 2 ?)
ovules in eacli ceU. rruit obovoid, about 1 in. long, covered with minute
rust-coloured scurfy scales. Seeds 1 or 2, enveloped in a mealy pulp. — Ne-
medra elceaguoidea, A. Juss. in Mem. Mus. Par. xix. 259, t. 14 ; Aglaia odo-
ratissima, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. ii. 213, but probably not of Bhime.

N. Australia. Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, It. Brown (specimens in fruit and
tiower) ; Eutrance Island, Endeavour Straits, Leiclihardt. Found also in New Caledonia,
the New Hebrides, and in New Guinea. The station, King George's Souud, given by A. de
Jussieu ou the authority of the Paris Herbariuni, is evidently one of those errors of locality
which occurs iu many of the early collectious of Australiau plants dcposited there. A. de
Jnssieu havin^ fouud asmauy as 10 stanieus, gives that as thc typical uumber, although he
observes at the same time that there are sonietimes fewcr. Wc, therefore, not having then
any Australiau specimeus, failed t(f recoguize his plant, and from the tecluiical characters re-
ferred it in our ' Genera Plautaruin ' to Amoora. Ilaving siuce, howcver, examiued Lcich-
hardt's and R. Browu's Australian specimeus, and also soine tlowers from A. de Jussieu^s
specimeus, kindly transmitted to me by M. Brongniart, I have been able satisfactorily to
identify the spccies, which, notwithstanding an occasional increase in the number of stamens,
belougs uudoubtedly to Aglaia, a very natural geuus if exteuded so as to include MUnea.
In the majority of specimens examiued I fiud almost always 5 stamens, and only now aud
then 6. Out of three unexpauded flowers from A. de Jussieu's plant, I found 7 stamens ia
two of them, and only 5 in the third.

5. AMOORA, Koxb.

Plowers polygamous. Calyx 3- to 5-toothed or lobed. Petals 3 to 5,
imbricate in the bud, free from the staminal tube. Staminal tube urceolate or
nearly globuhar, tmncate or crenate ; anthers within the tube, twice as many
as petals. Disk none, besides the thickened base of the ovary. Ovary 3 to
S-celled or rarely 2-celled, with 1 or 2 superposcd ovnles in each cell ; style
short or long with a disk-Hke stigma. Capsule obovoid or globular, coria-
ceous or hard, opening locuUcidally in 3 to 5 valves (or sometimes indehis-
cent ?). Seeds sohtary in each cell, enclosed in a fleshy ariUus (or sometimes
without an ariUus ?). — Trees. Leaves piunate, with entire leaflets. riowei's
smaU, but usuaUy larger than in Aglaia.

The genus is spread over tropical Asia and the Indian Archipelago ; the Australian species
is eudemic.

1. A. nitidula, Benth. A taU tree, quite ghibrous. Leaflets 2 or 4,

384 xxXT. MELiACE.E. [Jmoora.

opposite, without any terminal odd one, elliptical-oblong, 3 to 4 in. long or
sometiraes more, obtuse or shortly aud obtusely acumiuate, somewhat coriu-
ceous and shiuing, naiTOwed at the base, the commou petiole often slightly
dilated towards the end. Pauicles axillary, loose, but shorter than the leaves.
Calyx very sliort, with 5 short teeth or lobes. Petals 5, about 2 lines long,
glabrous or minutely cibate. Starainal tube broadly urceolate ; anthers 10 ;
the tips shghtly protruding. Ovary 2- or 3-celled, with 1 ovule in each celi.
Fruit obovoid, hard and ahnost woody, narrowed almost into a stipes at the
base, 2- or 3-celled. Seeds nearly giobular, laterally attached near the top,
apparently without any arillus.

Queensland. INIoreton Baj', W. Hill.
N. S. TVales. RichmonJ and Clarence rivers, Brckler.

Tlie species has niuch of the habit of sonie Dysoxi/la, but the waut of any free disk and
the form of the staminal tube agree better with Amoora.

6. SYNOUM, A. Juss.

Calyx 4- rarely 5-cleft. Petals 4, rarely 5, valvate or slightly imbricate ia
thc bud. Staminal tube cylindrical, sliglxtly creuulate ; antliers twice as many
as petals, within the sunmiit of the tube. Disk coutinuous with the thickened
base of the ovary. Ovary 3-celled ; style short, with a disk-like stigma ;
ovules 2 in each cell, attached coUaterally to a thickish placenta pendulous
from tlie apex of the cavity. Capsule 3-celled, opening loculicidally in 3
valves, or reduced by abortion to 2 valves and cells. Seeds 2 iu each cell,
attached by a broad iateral hilum, and half embedded collaterally in a flesliy
arillus forraed by the enlarged placenta. — A tree. Leaves pinnate, with eu-
tire leaflets.

The genus consists of a sinirle species, limited to Australia.

1. S. glandulosum, A. Jitss. in Mem. Mus. Par. xix. 227, ^.15. A
moderate-sized tree, ghabrous or the youug leaves and shoots slightly silky-
tomentose. Leaftets 5 to 9, elliptical-hnnceolate, acuminate, mostly 2 to 3
iu. loug, narrowed at the base, somewhat coriaceous, the lateral veins few and
scarcely prominent. Plowers in short dense axillary panicles, rarely exceeding
1 iu. Sepals sinall, orbicular, spreading. Petals about 2^ liues long. Sta-
miual tube broad, slightly creuulate, glabrous or with a few hairs inside; an-
thers soraetiraes slightly protruding. Ovary villous. Capsule depressed-
giobular, glabrous, about f in. diaraeter, furrowed opposite the dissepiments
so as to be alraost 3-lobed. — TricJiilia glandidosa, Sra. in llees' CycL xxxvi.

Queensland. Moreton Bay, IF. Ilill.

N. S. ^Vales. Saudy shores about Port Jackson, R. Brown and others ; to the south-
ward, A. Cioiniiif/ham ; iuland to tlie Blue Mountaius, Miss Atkinso» ; northward to Hast-
iugs river, Berklcr. " Native Rosewoud " of some folonists. It has the general habit of
some Bysoxyla, but, bcsides the want of auy free disk and the curious insertion of the ovnles
aud seeds, it is easily recogaized by its vcry short inlloreseence.

7. OWENIA, E. Muell.

Sepals 5, short, orbicular, much imbricate. Petals 5, irabricate in the bud.
Staniinal tube short or long, with 10 entire or 2-lobed teeth ; anthers pro-
truding between tlie teeth. Disk small, anmdar or not distinct from the

Owenia.] xxxi. meliace.e. 385

ovaiy. Ovary 3- or 4-celled, or in one species 12-cellecl, with 1 ovule in each
cell ; style rather thick ; stigma globular or conical, entire or lobed, on a disk-
like expansion of the sunimit of the style. Drupe globular, the epicarp more
or less succulent, putaraen thick, woody or bony, rugose outside, 3- to 4-
celled, or in one species 12-celled. Seeds solitary in each cell, the outer coat-
ing spongy, the hilum broad lateral ; cotyledons oblong, thick. — Trees, with
the juice often (perhaps always) milky, the young shoots often viscous or
gummy. Leaves pinnate. Flowers small, in axillary panicles. Fruits rather
acid, eaten by the aborigines.

The genus is endemic in Australia, and differs frora all other known Trichilia in its glo-
bular drupaceous fruit.

Leaflets numerons, lanceolate, acute.

Leaflets 1-nerved. Panicles narrow. Flowers 2^ lines long ... 1. 0. aciclula.
L^aflets with the lateral veins conspicuous. Panicles divaricate. Flowers

very numerous, about 1 line long 2. 0. vernicosa.

Leaflets 2 to 4 pairs, obtuse, penninerved or reticulate.

Leaflets oblong or broadly lanceolate, narrowed at the base, quite

glabrous. Fruit 4-celled 3. 0. venosa.

Leaflets pubesceut. Fruit 12-celled 4. 0. cerasifera.

Leaflets large, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, broad and sessile at the base,

very prominently reticulate underueath 5.0. reticulata.

1. O. acidula, F. Muell. in Hook. Kew Journ. ix. 304, and Tragm. iii.
14. A small or moderate-sized tree, glabrous, with the young shoots ghiti-
nous. Leaves crowded at the ends of the often pendulous branches ; leallets
from 9 to nearly 80, linear-lanceolate, acute or mucronate, 1 to \\ in. long,
oblique, the midrib prominent underneath, but otherwise ahnost nerveless,
the common petiole 3 to 6 in. long. Panicles narrow, shorter thau the leaves.
Flowers nearly sessile, in chisters or on short branches of the panicle. Sepals
about 1 line long. Petals about 2 lines, Teeth of the staminal tube subu-
late, but more or less connected by an undulate crenate or almost fringed
membrane. Disk small, annular. Ovary 3-ceUed. Drupe |- to 1 in. or
rather more in diameter, said to resemble a russet apple, the epicarp pulpy,
of a rich crimson ; putamen very hard.

Queensland. Desert of the Suttor and Burdekin, F. Mueller.

N. S. Wales. Arbut.hnofs Range, Fraser ; near the Gwydir river, Mitchell (finured
in Mitch. Three Exped. i. 82, without any name) ; Darling Desert, Victorian Expedition ;
Castlereagh river, Uerb, F. Mueller.

2. O. vernicosa, F. Mnell. Fragm. iii. 1.5. Quite glabrous. Branches
thick, marked with the broad scars of tlie fallen leaves, the young shoots
gUitinous. Leaves hirger than in 0. acidula, the common petiole slightly
tiattened; leatlets 15 to nearly 30, hmceolate, acurainate, often above 2 in.
long, obhque, with a prominent midrib and transverse reticulations. Panicles
3 or 4 in. long, with divaricate branches and numerous flowers, much smaller
than in 0. acidula. Sepals about \ line long, slightly ciliate. Petals little
more than 1 line. Staminal tube short, with 10 subulate teeth. Fruit the
size of that of 0. acidula, the stony endocarp thicker and harder, usually 3-
celled.

N. Australia. Cambridge Gulf, A. Caniiingham ; mouth of thc Victoria river, F.
Miieller.

VOL. I. 2 c

386 XXXI. MELIACE^. {Owenia.

Var. (^) pubeseeus. Young shoots and inflorescence softly pubcscent; flowers still smaller
and more uumcrous. — Mouth of the Victoria rivcr, F. 3Jueller {Hb. F. Muell).

3. O. venosa, T. Muell. in HooJc. Km Jonni. ix. 304. A tall arbores-
cent shriib, quite glabrous, tlie young shoots slightly glutinous. Lcaflets 6
or 8, obliquely oblong or ovate-lauceolate, obtuse or eraarginate, 2 to 3 or
rarely 4 in. long, coriaceous, prominently penniheiTed, slightly reticuhUe un-
derneath, the petiole angular or sometiraes broadly winged. Panicles narrow,
3 to 5 in. long, ghibrous. Tlowers not yet open in our specimen, but appa-
rently like those of 0. acidula, except that the staminal tube is exceedingly
short, but possibly it may grow out as the bud advances. Sepals orbicular,
about 1 line diameter.

Queensland. Between the Dawson and Burnett rivers, F. Mueller ; Rockhampton,

T/to;:ei.

4 ? O. cerasifera, F. MneU. in Hook. Kew Journ. ix. 305. A small
tree. Leaflets 6 to 10, obliquely oval-oblong, obtuse, l^ to 3 in. long, nar-
rowed into a very short petiohde, ghabrous above, pubescent underneath as
well as the common petiole. Flowers not seen. Drupe globular, 1 to l^ in.
diameter, bkack, with a red sarcocarp. Putamen hard, nigose outside, 12-
celled, with 1 seed in each cell.

Queensland. BurdekiQ river, F. Mueller. Uutil the flowers bave been seen, this spe-
cies niust remain in some measure doubtful,

5. O. reticulata, F. Muell. in Hooh. Kew Journ. ix. 305. A small
tree, quite ghibrous. Leaves often above a foot long, the connnon petiole
anguLir or sliglitly dilated, terniinating in a short point. Leaflets 4, 6, or 8,
sessile, ovate or broadly ovate-laneeolate, obtuse, 4 to 8 in. long, oblique at
the base, coriaceous, smooth above, with very prominent pinnate veins and
numerous raised reticuhitions underneath. Panicles loose, very divaricatc, the
branches often 6 in. long or more. Flowers sessile, ckistered. Sepals abovc
1 line long, orbicular. Petals twice as long. Staminal tube often dividcd to
near the middle into 10 flat 2-lobed tecth or lobes. Ovary 2- or 3-celled.
Fiiiit l^ in. diameter, the epicai-p fleshy but not thick. Putamen hard and
very rugose. — 0. xerocarpa, F. Muell. Fragm. iii. 13.

N. Australia. Near Nichol Bay, Walcott ; islands of the Gulf of Carpcntaria, R.
Brown, F. Mueller, Henne.

8. CARAPA, Aubl.

(Xylocarpus, Koen)

Calyx small, 4- or 5-lobed. Petals 4 or 5, free, imbricate in the bud.
Staminal tube lu-ccolate, crenate or lobed ; anthers 8 or 10, within the sum-
mit. Disk thick, surrounding the ovaiy. Ovaiy 4- to 5-celled, with 2 to 6
ovules in each cell ; style short, with a Lirge disk-like stigma. Capsule glo-
bular or ovoid, fleshy or woody, the dissepiments often disappearing. Seeds
sevcral in a compact mass round the remains of the central axis, large, thiek,
with a ventral hihun ; testa spongy ; cotyledons superposed, often united ;
radicle dorsal. — Maritime trees. Lcaves pinnate with entire leaflets. Pani-
cles axillarv.

Carapa.l xxxi. meliace^. 387

The species are few, ranging over the tropical seacoasts either of America and Africa or of
Africa and Asia. The Australian one belougs to the latter category.

1. C. moluccensis, Lam.; BC. Prod. i. 626. A tree, glabrous in all
its parts. Leaflets 4, rarely 2 or 6, opposite, ovate, obtuse, shortly acuminate
or rarely acute, 2 to 3 or rarely 4 in. long, soraewhat coriaceous, more reticu-
late than in any of the prececling genera. Panicles short, loose, and few-
flowered, sometimes reduced to simple racemes or with few divaricate branches.
Caljfx small, irregularly lobed. Petals 4 or rarely 5, 2^ to 3 lines long. Sta-
miual tube crenate or splitting into short lobes. Ovary very small, in the
centre of a large thick depressed disk. Ovides 2, 3, or 4 in each cell, exces-
sively minute. Fruit often 3 or 4 in. diameter, irregularly globular. Seeds
usually 4 to 6, large, irregularly shaped, closely packed ; testa very thick, of a
hard spono-y consistence. — Xylocarpus Granatum, Koen. ; Willd. Spec. Pl. ii.
328.

N. Australia. Saltwater Creek, near ]\Iacadam Range, F. Mueller ; islands of the
Gulf of Carpentaria, llenne.

Queensland. N.E. coast, A. Cunningham ; islands of Howick's group, F. Mueller ;
Port Denison, FitzaJan (in leaf only, with loose fruits).

Common on the seacoasts of tropical Asia, extending westward to E. Africa and eastward
to the ]\Ioluccas. It varies considerably iu the more compact or looser inflorescence, ia the
size of the flowers, and in the teeth of the staminal tube.

Tribe III. Cedrele^. — Stamens free. Ovides more than 2 in each cell.
Seeds winged. Leaves pinnate or rarely simple.

9. CEDRELA, Linn.

Calyx small, 5-cleft. Petals 5, imbricate. Disk thick or raised. Stamens
4 to 6, iuserted on the summit of the disk, alternating sometimes with as
many staminodia, fllaments subuhate, anthers versatile. Ovary 5-celled, style
flhform, with a disk-like stigma; ovules 8 to 12 in each cell, in 2 rows. Cap-
sule membranous or coriaceous, 5-celled, opening in 5 valves, leaving the dis-
sepimcnts attached to the persistent axis. Seeds flattened, winged ; albumen
scanty ; cotyledons flat ; radicle short, superior. — Tall trees, with coloured
wood. Leaves pinuate. Flowers smaU, in large panicles.

The genus is spread over tropical America and Asia. The Australian species is a comnion
Asiatic oue.

1. C. Toona, Roxh. Pl. Corom. iii. 33, t. 238. A tall, haudsome tree,
quite glabrous or the yonng shoots minutely pu1)escent. Lcaves large, deci-
duous ; leaflets 11 to 17, opposite or irregularly alternate, ovate-hinceohite,
acuminate, 3 to 5 in. long, oblique at the base, petiohdate, membranous.
Panicles large, pyramidal, many-flowered, glabrous. Pedicels short. Sepals
orbicidar, ciliate, very smalL Petals nearly 3 lines long. Stamens 5, as long
as the petals, inserted in cavities on the outside of the very thick pubescent
disk. Ovary half immersed in the disk. Capsule ghibrous, oblong, 1 to l^
in. long. — Wight, Ic. t. 161 ; C. anstraUs, P. Muell. Frngm. i. 4.

Queensland. Moreton Bay, Herh. F. Mueller ; Mackenzie's Station, Leichhardt.

N. S. Wales. Illawarra, llerh. F. Mueller. " Red Cedar " of the colonists.

\ar. parvijlora. Petals scarcely 2 lines long. — Clarence river, IJllcox.

2 C 2

388 XXXI. MELIACE^.

10. FLINDERSIA, E. Br.
(Oxleya, A. Cunn. ; Strzelecliia, F. Muell.)

Calyx small, 5-lobe(l. Petals 5, imbricate in the biul, spreading. I")isk
broad, concave. Stamens 5, inserted on the ontside of the disk, with as many
OT fewer staminodia alternating with thera, sometimes wanting^; filaments
snbnlate ; anthers versatile. Ovary 5-celled, 5-lobed ; style short, tliick, in-
sertcd between the lobes ; stigma capitate ; ovnles 4 to 6 in each cell. Cap-
snle oblong, hard, tnberculate or muricate, opening septicidally in 5 boat-
sliaped valves or cocci, without any persistent axis. Seeds flat, winged, 2 or
3 on each side of a flat placenta, wliich almost divides each cell iuto two ;
albmnen none ; cotyledons flat; radicle very short. — Trees. Lcaves alternate
or more frequently opposite, pinnate or rarely simple, raarked with pellncid
dots. Flowers in terrainal panicles.

The species are all endeiiiic in Aiistralia. The gcnus, although aliicd to CedreJa and
therefore plaued by comuion consent in MHliacece, is nevertheless, as observcd by R. Brown
very closely connected with Rntacete-Zaiitho.riilete, and might be very vvcll pUiced thcre next
lo Geijera, with which it is conncctcd, esjjecially through F. maculosa.

Leaves alternate (on diiFerent branchcs froni the flowers). Petals to-

mentose outside. Sceds wingod at one end only 1. F.australis.

Leaves opposite (ou the flowcring branches). Pctals glabrous outside
or nearly so.
Leaflets niostly 3 to 6 pairs, very obliquc, slightly coriaceous.

Leaflets almost sessile, broad at the base. Petals slightly hairy

inside 2. F. Schottiana.

Leaflcts narrowed into a distinct petiolule. Petals quite glabrous.

Seeds winged at both ends 3. F. Oxleyana.

Leaflets 3 or 5, short, oblique, very coriaceous. Seeds winged at

one eud only ^. F. Bennettiana.

Leaves siuiple or leaflets 3 to 5, narrow, with the petiole broadly

winged. Fruit small. Sceds winged at both ends 5. F. maculosa.

\. F. australis, 7?. Br. in Flmd. Voy. ii. 595, ^. 1. A tree of moderate
size, with a rngged bark. Leaves alternate, crowded at the end of short
barren branchcs, ghibroiis ; leaflets 3 to 6, broadly hmceoLate or olilong-
eUi])tical, obtnse or scarcely acuminate, 2 to 4 in. long, scarcely obli(pie.
Panicles much branched, terniinating short branches without any leaves
except a few scale-like bracts, sprinkled with a stellate tonientum. Flowers
nnmerous. Calyx open, tomentose, with 5 short broad obtuse lobes. Petals
about 2 lines long, tomentose outside, exce])t a narrow border, slightly ]nibcs-
cent inside. Fruit almost woody, 2 or 3 in. long. Seeds (according to
the plate fjuoted) wingod at thc njiper end only.

Queensland. Scrub near Upper Hcad, Broad Sound, R. Brown {116. B. Br.).

2. F. Schottiana, F. Muell. Fragm. iii. 25. A tree of moderate size, or
sonietiraes tall. Leaves opposite, crowded uuder the panicle ; leaflets 8 to 13,
with or without a terniinal odd one, ovate-lanceolate, obtuse or acuuiinate, 4
to 5 in. loug, more or less falcate, sessile, with a broad very oblique base, some-
what coriaceous, glabrous on both sides or softly pnbesceut underneath when
young. Pauicles ample and many-flowered, bnt not exceeding the leaves.

Flhidersia.] xxxi. meliace.e. 389

Petals about 2 lines long, glabroiis outside, sprinkled on tlie iuside as well as
tlie authers with a few hairs. Fruit uot seeu.

Queensland. V\'iie Baj,Bidici// ; Cmnhcrl&ni ls\a.ii([s, Herb.F. Mueller ; Brisbane
river, A. Cunniiigham.

N. S. TVales. Hastings river, Thozet ; Clarence river, Beckler.

3. F. Oxleyana, F. Mnell. Fragm. i. 65; iii. 25. A tall, much-bvanched
tree, attaiuiug ofteu 100 ft. Leaves opposite, crowded uuder the panicles ; leaf-
lets 4 to 10, with or without a teruiiual odd oue, broadly lanceokte, obtuse or
shortly acumiuate, 2 to 4 iu. loug, oblique and ahuost falcate, uarrowed iuto
a distinct petiolule, glabrous or spriukled urulerueath with miuute stellate
hairs, thinly coriaceous, rather spariugly glandular-dotted. Panicles loose
aud many-ilowered, but shorter thau the leaves. Sepals veiy smaU. Petals
about 2 liues loug, obovate-obloug, glabrous or uearly so. Fruit woody, 3 to
4 in. long, muricate. Seeds winged at both eiuh.—Oxleya xantJioxyla, A.
Cunn. in Hook. Bot. Misc. i. 246, t. 54.

Queensland. Brisbaue river, Fraser, A. Cunningham, F. Mueller. "Yellow "Wood"
of the colonists.

4. F. Bennetiana, F. Muell. Ilerh. A large tree. Leaves opposite,
crowded under the pauicles ; leaflets 3 or 5, from ovate to ovate-lauceolate or
obloug-elliptical, obtuse or scarcely acumiuate, 2 to 3 iu. long in some speci-
meus, 4 to 5 in. iu others, glabrous, very coriaceous, not oblique, aud scarcely
petiolulate, the commou petiole augular. Pauicles ample, sometimes short,
souietimes exceediug the leaves, miuutely stellate-pubesceut. Petals about 2
liues long, rather broader thau iu F. Oxleyana, glabrous or nearly so. Fruit
2 or 3 in. long, miiricate. Seeds winged at tlie upper eud ouly, or some with
a very small wing also at the lower eud, but only seeu in one capsule. —
F. australis, F. Muell. Fragm. iii. 26, uot of R. Browu.

Queensland. Wide Bay, Bidwill ; Brisbane river, Moreton Buy, A. Cunningham,
Fraser, W. Hill.

N. S. TVales. Clarence river, Beckler.

5. F. maculosa, F. Muell. in Jonrn. PJiarm. Soc. Vict. ii. 44. A small
tree, the ti-\uik remarkably spotted by the falliug off of the outer bark iu
patches. Leavcs opposite or uearly so, glabrous, coriaceous, the glaudular
dots ofteu ouly visible on the youug oues, in some specimeus all simple,
linear-oblong or lanceolate, obtuse or emarginate and uuicronate, 1 to 2 iu.
loug or rather more ; iu other specimeus a few of the leaves break out into 2
or 3 uarrow coiitiiiuous lobes, iu others, again, all are piuuate, with 3 or 5
leaflets, like the simple leaves, but smaller, and a winged commou petiole.
Panicles termiual, rather dense, usually shorter thau the leaves. Sepals
scarcely 1 liue long. Petals about 2 lines long, glabrous. Capsule oblong
aud luuricate, like those of the other species, but much smaller, ofteu not more
thau 1 iu. loug wheu fuUy ripe. Seeds wingcd at both euds and along the
back. — Flaodendron maculosHm^ljmtW. m. Mitch. Trop. Austr. 384; Strze-
lecJcya dissosperma, F. ]\IueII. iu Hook. Kew Journ. ix. 308 ; Flindersia
Strzeleckiana, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 65.

Queensland. Scrub on (he Burdekin and Burnett rivers, F. Mueller ; S't. George^s
Bridge on tbe Balonne river, iJitcIiell ; Port Boweu and Broad Sound, Herb. F. Mueller.
" Spotted T ree " of the colouists.

390 XXXI. MELiACE^. [FHndersia.

N. S. VTales. Bctween the Darling aiid Lachlan rivcrs, Ficforian Rrpedilion.

Thc simple-leaved specimcns which arc the most frci[ucnt in N. S. Walcs have much thc
hahit of Geijera, to which in fact the geiius is very uearly allied ; the piuuate-leaved speci-
mens are chicfly tropical, but not exclusivcly so.

Oedeu XXXII. OLACINEJE.

Flowers regvilar, hermapliroclite or rarely unisexual. Calyx small, 4- or 5-,
rarely 6-toothed, frce or adnate to the disk (in Cnnsje?'a scarcely distinguish-
able froni the coroUa). Petals 4, 5, or rarely 6, free or uuited in a campanu-
hite or tubular coroUa, valvate in the bud (except Villaresia). Stamens as
many or twice as many as petals or rarely fewer, adnate to the base of the
petals, or free and hypogynous ; anthers 2-celled, versatile, or rarely adnate.
Disk free, or adnate to the ovary or to the calyx, or divided into scale-like
glands. Ovary free or immersed in the disk, 1-celled or imperfectly 2- or 3-
celled ; style simple; stigma entire or lobed. Ovules 2, 3, or rarely 1, pen-
dulous from a central placeuta into the imperfect cells, or from the side or
apex of the cavity. Fruit usually an indehiscent drupe, either superior or in-
ferior by the growth over it of the disk and tube of the calyx. Seed solitary,
pendulous, or sometimes, owing to the adnate nerve-like remains of the pki-
centa, apparently erect ; testa very thiiily membranous ; embryo very small in
thc apex of a fleshy albumen, or larger aud axile ; or, in a genus not Australian,
occupying the whole seed without albumen ; cotyledons ilat or terete ; radicle
superior. — Trees, shrubs, or climbers. Leaves usually alternate, entire, pcnni-
nerved, without stipules. Flowers few and axillary, or rarely in terminal pani-
cles, usually small.

The Order is widely dispersed ovcr the tropical and suhtropical regions of the globe. The
six Australian geuera are none of thcni endemic, one extcnding to New Zealand, one to tro-
pical Asia, two to tropical Asia and Africa, one to tropical Asia and America, and one is
common to Asia, Africa, and America. The Order is more nearly allied to Loranthacece
aniong Calyciflora, and especially to Santalacea among Monochlamydece, than to any (ex-
cept Ilicinece) of the Biscijlorce, amougst which it is technically phiccd.

Tribe I. Olaceee. — Stamens twice as many as petals orfewer, or if the same number
as petals, opposite to them. Ovary often 2- or Z-celled at the base, \-celled at least at
the top ; placenta, central, with 2 or 3 pendulous oviiles.
Calyx not cnlargcd after flowering. Stamens twicc as uiany as petals ;

anthers ohlong or linear 1. Ximenia.

Calyx cnhirgcd and enclosing the fruit. Stamcns 3 ; staminodia {in

the Australian spccics) 5 ; authcrs short 2. Olax.

Tribk TI. Opiliese. — Stamens as many as pelals and opposite to them. Ocary 1-
cetled, with 1 oviile.
Periauth apparently simple, shortly 4-lobed. Stamcns 4, iucluded,

alternating with 4 glands or seales 3. Cansjera.

Calyx minute. Petals 5, free. Stamcns 5, exscrtcd, alternating wilh

5 scales 4. Opilia.

Tribp; III. Icacinese. — Stamens as many as petals and alternate wiih them. Ovary
\-celled, wllh 1 or 2 pendzilotis ovules.
Pctals strictly valvatc. Ovule 1, thc piaccnta not prominent. Flowers

in a inuch-brauched corymbose panicle 5. Pennantia.

XXXII. OLACJNE.^. 391

Petals slightly imbricate. Ovules 2, the placenta forming a half-dis-
sepiineQt on one side of the cavity. Flowers in a narrow raceme-like
panicle 6. Villaresia.

Tribe I. Olace^e. — Stamens twice as many as petals or fewer, or if the
sarae nimiber as petals, opposite to them. Ovary often 2- or 3-celled at the
base, 1-celled at least at the top ; placenta central, with 2 or 3 pendidous
ovules.

1. XIMENIA, Linn.

Calyx minutely 4- or 5-toothed, not enlarged after fiowering. Petals
4 or 5, bearded iiiside, valvate in the bud. Stamens twice as manyas petals,
free ; filameuts filiform ; anthers linear, erect. Ovary 3-ceIled at the base ;
stigma capitate; 0An.iles 3, descending into the incomplete cells fi'om a central
placenta. Drupe ovoid or globular, with a thick sarcocarp. Seed spuri-
ously erect ; embryo miinite. — Shrubs or trees, often thorny. Flowers white,
rather large for the Order, in small axiUary cymes or solitary.

The Australian species is spread over almost all tropical countries, the few other species
are Americaii or Africau.

1. X. americana, Z/»;2. ; DC. Prod. i. 533. A glabrous shrub, or
sometimes a small tree, with spreading branches, often armed with axillary
spines (abortive peduncles). Leaves petiolate, ovate, obtuse, or scarcely
acute, 1 to 2 in. long, entire, the veins inconspicuous, except the midrib. Pe-
duncles short, bearing little cymes of 3 to 7 yellowish sweet-scented flowers,
rarely reduced to a single one. Petals 3 to 4 lines loug, densely bearded iu-
side with long white haii's. Drupe attaining 1 in. diameter or rather more.
— X elliptica, Forst. ; Labill. Sert. Austr. Caled. 34, t. 37 ; X laurina,
Delile, in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 2, xx. 89 ; X exarmata, F. Muell. in Trans.
Phil. Inst. Vict. iii. 22.

N. Australia. Ranges of the Suttor aud Mackenzie rivers, F. Mueller. The species
is widely spread over the tropical regions of both thc New and the Old AVorld, varying in
most places with or without thorus. The Pacific and New Caledonian X. elliptica has been
distinguished from the common form as having a globular, not elliptical fruit ; but some of
Garduer's specimeus from Brazil have certainly also the fruit globular. F. Mueiler's Aus-
tralian speciraeus, like the majority of those in our herbaria, are without fruit ; they are
unarmed, or have only small nascent spines in the asils of some of the young leaves.

2. OLAX, Linn.

(Spermaxyrum, Labill.)

Calyx small, cup-shaped, truncate, enlarged after flowering and enclosing
the fruit. Petals 5 or 6, free, or slightly cohering, valvate in the bud. Sta-
mens usually 3, alternate with the petals, the filaments aduate to the petals
and connecting them in pairs ; stamiuodia as many as petals aiid opposite
to thein, filiform or flat, entire or 2-cIeft. Ovary free, l-celled, or vcit shortly
3-ceIIed at the base ; stigina entire or slightly 3-Iobed ; ovules 3, pendulous
froin a central placenta. Drupe globular or oblong, enclosed in the enlarged
calyx, but free froin it, the sarcocarp thin. Seed spuriously erect ; embiyo
veiy sniall in the apex of a fleshy albumen. — Trees, shrubs, or undershrubs,
rai-ely half climbing, the AustraLian specles all erect shrubs, with small alter-

392 XXXII. OLACINE^. [Olaj.'.

nate, entire, distichous leaves, tlie veins inconspicuous, exccpt the miclrib.
Flowers axiUary, solitary in the Australian species, several in short racemes
or spikes in some others.

The genus is confined to the Old World, extending over tropical Asia and Africa. The
Australian species are all endemic, and differ froni all except the E. Indian 0. )utna, Wall.,
in their solitary axillary flowers and sniall leaves. They have all 5 petals, 3 stainens, and
5 stamiuodia.

Staminodia undivided.

Leaves ovai or broadly oblong, retuse. Flowers glabrous inside.

Staminodia subulate ] . 0. phyUatithi.

Leaves narrow-oblong, mucronate. Staminodia liuear, bearded at

the base 3. 0. sii-icta.

Leaves reduced to minute scales. Flowers densely bearded inside.

Staminodia linear 5s 0. aphjlla.

Staminodia 2-clef't to the middle.

Leaves rather thin, narrow, retuse (Eastern species) 2. 0. retusa.

Leaves rather thick, from liuear to obovate or obcordate (Western

species) 4. 0. Benthamiana.

1. O. phyllanthi, R. Br. Prod. 358. A shrub of 4 or 5 ft., the leafy
branches, when dry, having much the aspect of those of a PhyUanthui.
Leaves oval or broadly oblong, truncate or emargiuate, from -^ to 1 in. long,
sessile, with a broad base, thin, glabrous, and somewhat glaucous. Pedicels
very short, slender. Petals nearly \\ lines long, glabrous. FiLiments tiat-
tened below ihe middle ; staminodia glabrous, undivided, subulate, shorter
than in the other species. Fruit ovoid-globuUu', about 2 lines long. — Sptr-
maxijrmn phyllanthi, Labill. Pl. Nov. Holl. ii. 84, t. 233 (the figure incorrect as
to the shape of the petals and anthers) ; Lopadocalyx phyUanthoides, Klotzsch,
in Pl. Preiss. i. 178, corrected to 0. phyUanthi, 1. c. ii. 230.

■W. Australia. King George's Sound, Lahillardiere, R. Brown, and others ; rocky
places uear Albauy, Preiss, n. 1211.

2. O. retusa, F. MueU. Herb. (as a var. of 0. strida). A glabrous
shi'ub, with the slcnder virgate branches of 0. stricta. Leaves linear-cuneate
or uarrow-oblong, truncate and emarginate, or abnost 2-lobcd, miuutely mu-
cronate, rarely exceeding ^ in. and smaller on the lateral branches, rounded
at the base. Pedicels very short. Flowers about 2 Hnes long. Fihunents
ghibrous, dilatcd at the base ; stamiuodia bearded below tlie middle, glabrous
above aud dividcd into 2 linear lobes. Fruit ovoid-oblong, not excceding 3
lines in the specimens seen.

Queensland. Moreton Island, M^Gillivrny, F. Mueller. This is beheved by F.
Mucllcr to bc a varicty of 0. stricta ; but besides the shape of thc leaves, wiiich is nearer
to that of 0. phyllanthi, I have found, in tlie fcw flowcrs I have been able to examine, the
staminodia always 2-cleft, as iu 0. Beiithamiatia and in the ludian specics.

3. O. stricta, R. Br. Prod. 358. An erect, glabrous shrub, of 2 or 3
ft., with slcnder virgate branches. Leaves narrow-oblong or linear, acute or
obtuse, but always mucronate, ^ to |- in. or rarely f in. long, flat, with a pi'o-
minent inidrib, narrowcd or rarcly rounded at the base. Pcdicels scarcely 1
line long. Petals varying froiu 2 to 3 lines. Filaments flattened to very
near the anthers, glabrous ; staminodia linear, entire, more or less bearded
below tlie middle. Fruit obovoid-oblong, often 4 lines long or rather more.

Olax.'] xxxii. OLACiNE^. 393

Queensland. Edges of lagoons, Moreton Island, F. Mueller.

N. S. 'Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown, Sleber, n. 130, and others ; Blue Mountains,
Miss Atkinson ; Port Macquarie, Backhouse ; barren brushes, N.W. iuterior, Fraser.

i. O. Benthamiana, Miq. in Pl. Preiss. i. 228. A glabrous shrub of
about 2 t't., usually luuch-branched aud more rigid than 0. stricta, and not
dryiug so bhick. Leaves in the ordiuary foriu linear or narrow-obloug in the
lower part of the brauches, about \ in. loug, termiuating in a recurved poiut,
narrowed at the base, rather thick, convex underueath, with the midrib less
promiuent thau in the precediug species, the upper leaves, especially the floral
oues, passiug iuto a short broadly obovate form ; in a few luxm-iaut speci-
meus, all the leaves are obovate-obloug, 1 in. loug or rather more ; in others,
all are broadly obovate, cuneate, or obcordate, j to ^ iu. loug, and not mucro-
uate. Flowers 2 to 3 lines long as in 0. stricta, but the staminodia are
pubescent ouly, or slightly bearded, and divided to the midule into 2 liuear,
oblong, or spathuhite lobes, uearly as loug as the petals. Fruit globular, at-
taiuing 4^ or 5 liues diameter.

N. Australia. Bay of Kest, N.W. coast, A. Cunninfjham. (A single specimen with
sruall obovate lcaves.)

S. Australia. Port Lincoln, Wilhehni. (Specimeus with obovate leaves, uot seen ia
flower and therefore doubtful, although precisely rcsembliug some W. Australiau oues.)

W. Australia. Swan River, I)ruinmond, Preiss, n. 2095, Oldfield, etc. (leaves mostly
narrow aud pointed) ; Miu-chisou river, Oldfield (leaves all obovate or oblong) ; Gardiner
aud Kalgan rivers, Oldfield (leaves cuneate, euiargiuate, or obcordale) ; Swau River, Drum-
mond, n. 729 (ieaves, especialiy the floral ones, small and broad, tiowers small, the lobes of
the staminodia oblong-spathulate aud pctaloid).

Lopadocali/x uliginosus, Kl. in Pl. Preiss. i. 178, corrected to Ola.r nliginosa, Kl. 1. c. ii.
230, from swampy places iu the plains betvveen Mouuts Melville aud Elphinstoue, Preiss,n.
1210, vvhich I have not seen, would appear, from the very imperfect descriptiou giveu, to
be the ordiuary narrow-Ieaved form of O. Benthamiana.

5. O. aphylla, R. Br. Prod. 358. A shrub of several feet, with nu-
merous, Aviry, virgate, slightly pubesceut branches. Leaves all reduced to
minute scales. Flowers very small, almost sessile iu the axils of orbicular
ciliate bracts rather longer thau the calyx, towards the ends of the brauches.
Petals scarcely more thau 1 line long, deusely bearded iuside about the mid-
dle. Stamiuodia linear and entire, or slightly spathulate aud emargiuate at
the top. Fruit ovoid, about 2 lines long.

N. Australia. N. coast, R. Broivn ; barreu stony ridges on the Eitzmaurice river,
F. 31ueller ; Aruhem's Land, Leichhardt.

Tribe II. Opilie.e. — Stameus as many as petals or corolla-lobes and op-
posite to them, usually alteruating with as mauy hypogyuous glauds or scales.
Ovaiy 1-celled, Avith a single ovule, erect or suspeuded from an erect central
placeuta. Seed spuriously or sometimes perhaps really erect ; radicle superior.

3. CANSJEEA, Juss.

Perianth apparently simple, the calyx very minute aud ofteu not distin-
guishable, at the base of the tubdar or urceolate 4-lobed corolla. Stamens \,
opposite to the petals or corolla-iobes, and more or less adlierent at the base ;
tilameuts tiliform ; anthers sraall. Hypogynous scah^s (or lobes of the disk)
4, alternating with the stamens. Ovary small, tleshy ; ovule 1, apparently

894 xxxii. OLACiNEiE. lCatisjera.

erect or suspended from a short placenta in the centre of the minutc cavity.
Drupe with a thin sarcocarp. Seed erect ; embryo small or sometimes elou-
gated. — Weak or climbing shrubs. Leaves alternate, entire. Flowers small,
in short axillary spikes.

Besides the Australiau specieSj which is also in New Ireland, the genus comprises 2 or
perhaps 3 from tropical Asia.

1. C. leptostachya, Betith. in Hook. Lond. Jonrn. ii. 231. A climbing
shnib, glabrous or the young shoots vei-y minutely tomentose. Leaves ovate-
lanceolate, long-acuminate, 2 to 3 in. long, membranous, glabrous. Spikes 1
or 2 together in the axUs, rarely exceeding \ in. Flowers in the young bud
strigose-pubescent, sessile in the axils of narrow miuxite bracts which soon
fall otf, when fully open about 1 line long, nearly globular and glabrous, the
lobes very short and spreading. Filaments slender, but shorter than the pe-
rianth. Hypogynous scales short, broad, entire or rarely 3-toothed. Fruit
not seen. — Meisn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 519.

Queensland. Cape Yorlc and islauds off the N.E. coast, A. Cunnincjham, APGiUivrai/.
Thc species is also in New Ireland. The flowers are about half the size of thosc of thc coin-
raon C. Rheedii, Gmel., and I have not succeedcd in detachiug the calyx from the corolki, as
I have readily done in Malacca specimens of G. Rheedii or of au allicd species.

4. OPILIA, Roxb.

Calyx minute, 5- or rarely 4-toothed. Petals 5, rarely 4, hypogynous,
valvate in the bud. Staraens as many, alternating with the petals, free; tihi-
ments fihform ; anthers ovate. Disk of 5, rarely 4 scales, alternating with
the stamens. Ovary 1-celled, tapering into a short thick tiimcate style ;
ovule solitary, suspended from a central filiform placeuta very early adnate to
it. Drupe with a thin sarcocarp and cmstaceous eudocarp. Seed spm'iously
erect; embryo liuear, short, or nearly as long as the albumen. — Shrubs or
small trees, sometimes climbing. Leaves alternate, entire. Plowers in axil-
lary racemes ; pedicels 3 togetlier in the axils of peltate bracts, which are im-
bricate at an early stage but fall ofl^' before the flowers expand.

A gcnus of 2 or pcrhaps 3 species, natives of tropical Asia and Africa, the Australiau
species one of the widcst dispersed.

1. O. amentacea, Roxb. Pl. Corom. ii. 31, t. 1.58. A scrambling half-
climbing shnib or small weak tree, glabrous, or the young leaves and shoots
minutely tomentose-pubescent. Leaves petiolate, ovate, ovate-lanceolate, or
almost oblong, acute or acmninate, 2 to 3 or even 4 in. long, or rarely shorter
aud very obtuse, entire, thinly coriaceous, the veins usually prominent though
fine. Racemcs before flowering resenibling little cylindrical cones of | in.,
the peltate imbricate but almost squarrose bracts alone visiblc, when in flower
slender, about 1 in. long, without bracts. Plowers very small, on filiform
pedicels of about 1 line. Petals about \ line loug, very deciduous. Drupe
ovoid or globular, |- to f in. long. Embryo linear, nearly as long as the al-
bumen. — Wight, lllustr. t. 40 ; 0. javanica, Miq. PI. Ind. Bat. i. part i. 784.

N. Australia. York Sound, N.W. coast, A. Cunningham ; Victoria river, Bynoe, F.
Muetler ; Port Essington, Armstronc/ ; Poiut Pearce, F. Mueller. Also iu the Indian
Pcuinsiila, iu Ceylon aud in Java. 0. jicntitdis, Bhime, Mus. Bot. i. 246, from New
Guiuea, is also probably, as he himself suggests, the same spccics. The fruit is on some

Oj}ilia.] XXXII. olacine^. 395

InJian spccimens globular, as described by Roxburgh. Wiglit figures it as ovoid, and so it
appears to bc ou Horsfield's Javancse specinicns, and certainly on F. Mueller's from Victoria
river. AU our other specimeus trom ludia as well as from Australia are in flower ouly or
with young fruit.

Tribe III. IcACiNE^. — Stamens as many as petals or coroUa-lobes, and
altemate witli them. Ovary 1-celled, with 2, rarely 1 ovule, peudulous from
one side or the apex of the cavity. Seed pendulous.

5. PENNANTIA, Torst.

riowers dioecious or polyg-amous. Calyx minute. Petals 5, hypogynous,
glabrous, valvate iu the bud. Stamens 5, alteruatiug with the petals ; an-
thers oblong-sagittate. Ovary 1-celled; stigma nearly sessile, entire or 3-
lobed ; ovule solitary, suspended from the apex of the cavity. Drupe with a
hard putamen, or almost baccate with a slightly coriaceous endocarp. Seed
pendulous;^embryo smaU within the apex of the lieshy albumen. — Trees.
Leaves thinly coriaceous, entire or (iu New Zealand species) coarsely toothed.
Flowers in terminal corymbose panicles.

Besides the Australian species, which is endemic, there is oae from Norfolk Island and
another from New Zealand.

1. P. Cunninghamii, Miers, in Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. 2, ix. 4-91, and
Contrib. 80, t. 12. A glabrous, suberect, tall shrub. Leaves ovate or broadly
elliptical, acuminate, 4 to 6 in. long, entire, coriaceous and shiuing when old,
narrowed into a petiole of \ in. or more. Flowers nimierous, iu broad rather
dense panicles, either terminal or in the upper axils, tlie males only kuown.
Calyx scarcely prominent. Petals uearly l^ lines long. Filameuts bent in
below the summit in the bud ; anthers oblong, sagittate. Kudimentary ovary
narrow, with 2 or 3 erect style-Iike lobes, and occasionally contaiuing an im-
perfect pendidous ovule. Drupes or berries ovoid, about \ in. long, the en-
docai-p scarcely hardened. Seed pendulous ; testa thinly membrauous ; em-
bryo much shorter thau the albumen.

N. S. 'Wales. Illawarra district, A. Cunninyham, IVArthur, Shepherd ; Kiama,
H<n~vei/ ; Clarence river, Moore. The ovarics described by Miers appear to me to have
beeu imperfcct, at least I find uone biit male flowers in the specimen he exaniiued, uor iu
any others I have seen. It is probable that the feraale flowers, as iu the New Zealaud spe-
cies, are smaller, and have therefore not attracted the notice of coUectors.

6. VILLARESIA, Paiiz and Pav.

(Pleuropetalum, Blume ; Chariessa, Miq.)

Plowers hermaphrodite or polygaraous. Sepals 5, distinct, broad, imbri-
cate. Petals 5,with the midrib prominent inside, imbricate or almost valvate
in the bud. Stamens 5, alternating with the petals ; anthers cordate. Ovary
1-celIed, the cavity marked on one side with a raised ridge half dividing it ;
style short, thick ; ovules 2, suspended fi-om the summit of the raised ridge.
Drupe ovoid or globular, the endocai-p formiug a prouiiuent half-dissepiment
Avhich penetrates into a deep vertical furrow in the seed. Enibiyo small, in
the apex of the albumeu. — Lofty trees (or tall woody climbers ?). Leaves

39G XXXII. OLACINE^. [Fillaresia.

alternate, coriaceous, entirc or toothed. Flowcrs ia small cymes, along the
siraple rhachis of a raceme-like panicle.

Besidcs the Australiaii species, which may be cnJeinic, there is oue (perhaps not really
difTereiit) froin the Iiidian Archi])ela!To, one froni the S. Pacific islaiids, aud scveral from S.
Aiucrica. The geuiis is exceptioual in Ola<;inecs by the uiore or less imbricate petals. I
have uot seen the 2 cells to the ovary which Miers met with in oae species, possibly in acci-
deutally abuormal flowers.

1. V. Moorei, F. Muell. Herb. A lofty handsorae tree, gkibrous ex-
cept the iufiorescence. Leaves ovate-lanceolate or oblong, acuminate, 3 to 4
in. long, entire, narrowed into a short petiole, coriaceous and shiniug, but not
so thiclv as in the American species. Raceme-like panicles iiTegularly hiteral
or axiUary, 2 to 4 iu. long, hoary with a minute pubescence. Cymes nu-
merous, few-flowered, ou short peduncles aloiig the rhachis. Flowers ahnost
sessile iu the cymes, those seen all males. Petals 1 line long, very sUghtly
imbricate. Drupes globuhu-, the putameu hard, about ^ in. diameter, rugose
outside, the half-dissepiraent projecting quite to the centre of the cavity aud
there sHghtly thickened, forming a cokunn, up the centre of which the phi-
centa appears to pass, as if the endocarp had grown over it as iu the New
Zeahuul Pennantia. Seed quite enclosing the half-dissepiment, its trausverse
sectiou Ijeing horseshoe-shaped.

N. S. Wales. Clarence river, Moore. The Javancse V. suaveolens {Phmropetalnm
suaveolens, iiluiue) is unknown to me, but must, from the character given, be nearly allied
to this species. V. Samoensis {Pleuropetalum Samoetise, A. Gr.) which we have also froni
the Fiji islauds, appears to be quite distiuct.

OiiDER XXXIIl. ILICINE^.

Elowers regular, hermaphrodite or uuisexuaL Calyx of 4 or 5, rarely 3 or
more than 5 sepals, imbricate, usually persistent. Petals 4 or 5 or rarely
more, hypogynous, imbricate in the bud, sometiraes uuited iu a lobed corolla.
Staniens of the same nuraber as petals, hypogynous, free or adhering to the
corolla at the base; anthers 2-celled, opening inwards. Disk none, except
the thickened base of the ovary. Ovary frec, 3- to 5-celled, rarely nuuiy-
celled ; stigma broad or capitate, sessile or supported on a distinct style.
Ovules 1 or 2 in each cell, pendulous, with a superior micropyle. Fruit a
cb-upe, with as many one-seeded pyrenes as cells. Seeds pendulous ; testa
membrauous ; embryo very sraall in the apex of a fleshy alburaen. — Trees or
shrubs. Leaves alternate, siniple, without stipides. Flowers small, in axil-
huy urabels or cyuies, rarely solitary or terminal. Fruits small.

The Order, limited to the large geiius Ilex, aud two sniall oues separated from it, is dis-
persed over tlie greater part of the worUl, but most abiindaut in America, very rare howcver
iu Africa, abseut fi'om Ncw Zealand, aiid rcprescuted by one species only in Australia.

1. BYRONIA, Endl.

Petals and staraens 5 or more. Ovary-cells and pyrenes of the fruit 10 or
more. Other characters and habit those of the Order.

Besides the Australian species, which is eudemic, the gcnus only compriscs two others,
from the islauds of the Pacitic.

Bi/ro/tia.] xxxiii. ilicine.e. 397

1. B. Arnhemensis, F. Mudl. Tragm. ii. 119. A shnib or tree, per-
fectly glabrous. Leaves elliptical, obtnse or obtusely acuminate, 3 to 5 iu.
loiig, entire, coriaceons, shining above, narrowed into a petiole of ^ to -^ in.
Umbels few-flowered, on axillary or hiteral peduncles of about \ in., some-
times several in a short axiUary leafless branch. Flowers not seen. Fruiting
pedicels 3 or 4 lines long. Fruit (not cpiite ripe) small, nearly globular,
nmbonate, the persistent ealyx smali, of 5 to 7 sepals. Pyrenes about 12.

iN. Australia. Valleys uear Providence Hill, Arnhein's Land, F. Mueller.

Order XXXIV. CELASTPvINE^.

Flowers regidar, hennaphrodile or polygamous. Calyx small, persistent,
4- or 5-cleft, rarely 3- or G- cleft. Petals as many as calyx-segments, spread-
ing, imbricate or rarely valvate in the bud. Stamens as many as petals and
abernate with them, inserted ronnd the base or on the margin of the disk,
or upon the disk itself ; tilaments usually short, incurved ; anthers short, 2-
celled, the cells in a few genera confluent into one. Disk usually conspicu-
ous, more or less fleshy, flat or broaclly cnp-shaped, or thick and conical, nearly
free, or adnate to the base of the calyx or confluent with the ovary. Ovary
sessile on the disk, 2- to 5-ceIled, tapering to a short style with an entire or
lobed stigma; ovides usnally 2 in each cell, ascending with a ventral raphe,
occasionally several, rarely 1 only, or pendulous with a dorsal raphe. Frnit
a capsule, berry, drnpe, or samara, rarely divided into distinet carpels. Seeds
usually enveloped in an arillus, sometimes winged ; albumen fleshy or almost
horny or none ; erabiyo usually rather large, with flat cotyiedons and a short
radicle next to the hilum. — Trees or shrubs, occasionally thorny, or woody
climbers. Leaves opposite or alternate, entire or toothed. Stipules miuute
and very deciduous or none. Plowers small, white or greenish, in axillary
cymes or small racemes or in terminal panicles.

A considerable Order, dispersed over the greater part of the glohe, more abundautly
withiu the tropics than iu temperate regions. Otthe six Australian genera one ouly is en-
demic, the others are all Asiatic, oue exteuds to Africa aud S. Europe but is not American,
one is also tropical Americau but not hitherto fouiul in Africa, aud two are both in Anierica
and Afriea. The peculiar disk readily characterizcs the greater numbcr of geuera, where
that is wanting tlie iusertion of the ovules and inferior radicle are the chief points separatiug
Celaslri»e<v from IUcineee ; from R/iam/iea, with vvhich the rcal afliuity is much closer, the
stamens altcruatiug with the petals is a constant distinctive mark. The majority of Celas-
trinece assume also when dry a peculiar pale-green colour, veiy rare in aUied Orders.

TRrBE 1. Celastreae. — Stamens the same nnmber as petals, inserted rourtd the disk
or on iis maryin. Seeds albuminous.

Leaves alternate. Ovules 2 in each cell. Capsule locolicidal, coria-
ceous.

riowers in racemes or panieles. Stamens on the margin of the

disk 1. CKLASTnus.

riowers in cymes. Stamcns uuder the disk 2. Gymnosporia.

Leaves alteruate. Ovnles 3 or more iu each cell. Capsule loculicidal,

woodv or bouy. Flowers in cymes. Stamcns on the margius of

the disk 3. Deniiamia.

Leavcs mostly opposite. Ovules 2 iu each cell. Drupe indchiscent,

2- or 3-cel"led 4. Eleodendron.

398 XXXIV. CELASTRINEJE.

Leaves alternate. Ovules numerous in separate cells. Drupe inde-

hiscent, with numerous pyreues 5. Siphonodon.

Tribe II. Hippocratese. — Sfamens nsualh/ 3, vnth a ^-merovs cahjx and corolla,
inserted on the disk ; fdaments nsiialli/ recitrved at tlie top. Albumen none.
Leaves opposite. Ovulcs 2 or several ia each cell. Carpels distinct,

dat, 2-valvcd. Sceds winged 6. Hippocratea.

Tribe I. Celastre.e. — Stamens the same number as petals, inserted
round its disk or ou its margin, the tihTmeuts usually iucuiTed. Seeds albu-
miiioLis.

1. CELASTRUS, Linn.

Flowers polygamous. Calyx 5-cleft. Petals 5, spreading. Disk broad,
concave. Stamens 5, inserted on the mars^in of the disk ; fihaments subukite,
tiattened at the base ; anthers ovoid or oblong. Ovary not immersed in the
disk, 2- to 4-celled ; style usually short, tlie stigma lobed, s]Dreading ; ovules
3, collateral, erect, the funicle cup-shaped. Capsule globular obloug or ob-
ovoid, coriaceous, 2- to 4-celled, opening locubcidally. Seeds 1 or 2 in each
cell, usually enveloped partially or wholly in a fleshy ariUus, soraetimes con-
necting the seeds in a mass, sometimes nearly or quite wanting ; testa mem-
branous or abnost cnistaceous ; albumen fieshy ; cotyledons leafy. — Trees or
shrubs, often cHmbing, unarmed. Leaves alternate, petiolate, entire, or ser-
rate. Stipules minute and deciduous, or none. Flowers small, in terminal
or axillary oblong panicles or raceraes. Pedicels articulate. Bracts very
small.

The gcnus extouds chicfly over tropical and castern extratropical Asia, with 1 Mascarcne
and a few N. Amcricau spccics. The Australian spccies are all endemic, altliough oiic is
nearly allied to a common Indian one.

Tall climber. Panicles terminal. Ovary 3-celkd 1. C austraUs.

Trees or tall shrubs. Racemes or pedicels lateral or axillary. Ovary
2-ceUed.
Leaves ovate or elliptical.

Leavcs quite entire, much nan"owed into a long petiole.

Flowers S-mcrous 2. C. Miielleri.

l'"lovvers 4-merous 3. C dispernnis.

Leaves entire or toothed, petiole short. Flowers 5-mcrous . 4. C lilocnlaris.
Leavcs linear or narrow-lanccolate, eutire 5. C Ciinninghamii.

1. C. australis, Han. and Muell. in Traiis. P//il. Soc. Fict. i. 4L A
tall, woody, ghibrous cHmber. Leaves frora ovate-hmceohite to obloug-cllip-
tical or lanccolate, acumiuate, 2 to 4 in. long, entire or miuutely aud usually
remotely s(;rrate, narrowed into a i^etiole of 1 to 3 lines. Panicles termiual,
or rarely in the upper axils, narrow, loose, rarcly above 2 in. long. Flowers
white. Calyx-Iobes broad, rounded, ciliate. Petals twice as long, attaining
a little raore than 1 liue, broadly ovate or orbicular. Disk almost frec from
thc calyx. Ovary 3-celIed ; stylc short, with 3 spreading stigraatic lobes.
Capsule nearly globidar, rarely excecding 3 lines diameter. Seeds envelopcd
iu a lieshy arillus. — Eeissek, in Linna^a, xxix. 205 ; F. Muell. Fragm. iii. 94.

Queensland. Burnett and Dawson rivcrs and Morcton Bay, F. Mneller.

N. S. 'XVales. Port .lackson, R. Brotcn ; northward to Ciarence rivcr, Beckler,

Celastrus.'] xxiv. celastrine^. 399

WiIco.r ; New Eiigland, C. Stuait ; southward to Illawarra, ^. CunningTiam, Bachlmtse,
M'Arthur.

Victoria. IMoist forests on the Snowy and Buchan rivers, F. Mueller.

The specics diflers sliijhtly from the E. ludiau C. jianicnlatus, Willd., in the narrower and
more acuuiiDate, not obovate leaves, usually niore coriaceous, and iu the rather smaller
flowers aud fruits.

3. C. Muelleri, Bpntli. Probably a tree, quite glabrons, flowering be-
fore the leaves are fiilly out. Branclies apparently weak and slender. Leaves
in our specimeus still young, elliptical or broadly lanceolate, acutely acuuii-
uate, quite entire, narrowed iuto a ratlier loug petiole. Flowers small, white,
in simple lateral racemes of about \ iu., occasionally growing out iuto leafy
brauches. Pedicels 1 to 2 lines long, articulate about the middle, thickened under
the flower. Calyx-lobes 5, ovate, half as long as the petals. Petals 5, ob-
long, about \\ lines long. Disk broad, aduate to tlie calyx at tlie base
only. Ovary 2-ceIlcd, taperiug into a very short style, with 2 scarcely pro-
mineut stigmatic lobes. Adult leaves aud fruits uot seen.

N. Australia. Ncar Macadam Kange, F. Mueller. I had at first thought that this
might bave been the flowering state of C. dispermus, but the flowers are constautly 5-
merous.

3. C. dispermus, F. Muell. in Trans. Pliil. Inst. Vict. iii. 31. A
small glabrous tree. Leaves elliptical, obovate-obloug, or rarely broadly lan-
ccolate, obtuse or slightly acuminate, 2 to 3 iu. long, quite entire, inuch nar-
rowed into a rather long petiole. Eacemes axillaiy or lateral, not seen in
flower, wheu in fruit 1 to l^ iu. long, the pedicels 1 to 2 lines. Persisteut
calyx very small, with 4 triangular lobes. Capsule obovoid or obcordate,
slightly compressed, 3 to 4 liues long, 2-ceIIed aud 2-vaIved, with usually 2
seeds, covered at the base, according to P. INIueller, with a thick arillus, but I
find uo remaius of it on our specimens ; very rarely the capsule is 3-angIed
and 3-ccIled.

Queensland. Araucaria forests near Moreton Bay, F. Mueller ; Port Denison,
Fitzalan. Uutil the flowcrs have been seen, some doubts must reuiain as to the afSnities of
this species. •

4. C. bilocularis, F. Muell. in Trans. Phil. Inst. Vict. iii. 31, A
sniall much-brauched glabrous tree, Leaves ovate, oblong, or broadly
lanceolate, obtuse or slightly acuminate, 1-^ to 2\ or very rarely 3 in. long;
entire sinuate or bordered by acute teeth, rounded or cuneate at tlie base, on a
short petiole. Eacemes axillaiy or lateral, rarely 1 in. long. Pedicels 1 to 2
lines. Calyx-lobes 5, broad and short. Petals 5, ovate, about 1 line long,
Ovaiy 2-celIed ; style exceedingly short, with 2 broad short spreading stig-
matic lobes. Capsule 2-vaIved, coriaceous, pear-shaped or nearly globular,
under 3 lines diameter. Seeds enclosed iu a thin arillus.

Queensland, Dawson aud Burnett rivcrs, F. MucIIer ; Brisbauc aud Logan rivcrs,
Fraser (all with entirc or slightly toothcd lcavcs) ; Warwick, Bcclder (with sharjdy toothcd
leavcs) .

5. C. Cunninghamii, F. Muell. in Trans. PJiil. Inst. Vict. iii. 30. A
tall shrub or small tree, quite glabrous aud often somewhat glaucous. Leaves
liuear or naiTOw-IauceoIate, mucronate, 2 to 3 in. long in some specimens, all
under 1 in. in others, cntirc, rigid, the midrib alone prominent uuderueath.

400 XXXIV. CELASTRINE^K. [Celastrus.

yiowcrs small, in sliort loose axillary or latcral rfTccmcs, occasionally g;i'owing
out into leafy-branches. Pedicels slender, 2 to 3 lines long. Calyx-lobes 5,
orbicular, not ciliate. Petals broadly ovate, aboiit 1 line lonpr. l)is'< ratlier
tliick, but less so than iu Gymnosporia. Ovary 2-celled, with a short style
aud 2 short spreading stigmatic lobes. Capsule globular or ovoid, 2 lines
dianieter, or rather more, 2-valved, 1- or 2-seeded. Seeds enclosed in a pulpy
arillus. — Catha Ctmninghamii, Hook. in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 387.

N. Australia. Yictoria river, F. Mueller ; islands of the Gulf of Caqjentaria, R.
Broirn.

Queensland. Broad Sonnd, R. Brown ; Moreton Bay ?, J. Cunningham ; Rock-
hanipton, Thozet ; Warwick, Beckler ; St. Georgc's Bridge, MHchell.

N. S. "Wales. Port Jackson and Hunter's Rivcr, R. Brown ; Hastings, Clarence,
and Macleay rivci-s, Beckler ; New Eugland, C. Stxart ; Bhie iMountains, Miss Jtkinson ;
Penrith and St. Aubyn's, Backhouse ; Paramatta, Woolls ; Lnchhin river, A. Cimningham.

This and the three preceding species appear to have the erect habit but not the cyniosc in-
florescence nor the thick disk of Gi/mnosporia, and the staniens always proceed froin the
margin of tbe disk.

2. GYMNOSPORIA, W. and Arn.

Calyx 4- or 5-cleft. Petals 4 or 5, spreading. Stamens 4 or .5, inserted
under the disk ; lilaments subulate ; anthers short. Disk broad, sinuate or
lobed. Ovary attached by a broad base or partially immersed in the disk, 2-
or 3-celled ; style short ; stigma 2- or 3-lobed ; ovules 2 in each cell. Capsule
obovoid or nearly globuhar, 2- or 3-celled, opening loculicidally. Seeds 1 or
2 in each cell, the arillus complete or iniperfect, or sometimes wanting ; testa
coriaceous ; albumen fleshy ; cotyledons leafy. — Shrubs or small trees, the
small branclies often thoriiy. Leaves alternate, entire or serrate, without
stipules. Flowers small, in dichotoiiious cymes, either axillary or on the old
nodes.

The genus is widcly diffused over the warmer rcgions of thc Old World, one specics being
found as far north as Spain, and a fcw extending to the Pacilic islands. The Australiau
spccics is an ludian and African one.

1. G. montana, TF. and Arn. Trocl. 159 (imder Celastrus). A tall gla-
brous shrub or small tree, the smaller branches occasionally terminating in
stout thorus. Leaves obovate, very oljtuse, \\ to 2^ or rarely 3 in. long, en-
tire or minutely crenulate, narrowed into a petiole of 2 or 3 lines, membranous
or thiuly coriaceous, of a pale-green. Cymes 2 or 3 together in tlie axils or
on the old nodes, rarely above 1 in. long, with slender dichotomous branclies.
Calyx-lobes 5, very short, broad, ciliate. Petals 5, ol)Ovate, about 1 line
long. Ovary 3-celled ; style very short, with 3 spreading stigmatic lobes.
Capsule flat at the top, obtusely 3-angU^d, about 3 lines diameter in the
Australian spccimens, usually smaller in India. Arillus of the seeds cup-
shapcd. — Cchislrns montanus, Roxb. ; W. and Arn. 1. c, with all the syno-
nyms quoted ; Wight, Ic. Pl. t. 382.

Queensland. Cape Yori<, MTxiUivray. Common iu thc Indian Peninsula, and ap-
parcntly the same as the tropical African Celastrus seneyulensis, Lain. ; I liave secu no
s])ccinicns from the Indian Archipelago. Thc Austrajian specimens are unarmed, but that
is fiequently thc case with ludian ones, witli which tlicy ngrce in every rcspect exccpt tiie
larger capsules.

i

XXXIV. CELASTRINE.E. 401

3. DENHAMIA, Meisn.

(Leucocarpou, A. Rich.)

Calyx 5-cleft. Petals 5. Stamens 5, insevted on tiie margin of tlie disk ;
filanients subulate ; anthers ovate. Disk broadly cupular, ratlier thick. Ovary
1-celIed, with 3, or rarely 4 Or 5 parietal pLacentas, or conipletely divided into
as many cells ; style short, with as many stigmatic lobes as cells or phicentas.
Ovules 3 to 8 to each cell or placenta. Capsule ovoid or globuhxr, opening
in thick woody or bony valves, bearing the placentas or dissepiments in their
centre. Seeds enclosed in a fleshy arillus ; albumen flcshy ; cotyledons flat.
— Shrubs or small trees, glabrous and more or less glaucous. Leaves alter-
nate, rigid, entire, or toothed. Flowers small, iu few-flowered cymes or
raceraes.

The genns is exclusively AustraHan, and, on account of the parietal placeutation of tvvo
species, has beeu by some referreil to Birinece ; but the disk, stamens, general habit, ctc,
are those peculiarly characteristic of Celasirinea.

Ovary l-ceUed ; placentas (4- to 8-ovulate) not meeting in the axis.
Veins of the leaves not very prominent.

Flowers racemose. Style distiuct \. D. oleaster.

Flovvers in cymes or uarrovv pauicles. Style very short, branched 2. D. obscura.
Ovary 3-celIed, placentas (3- or 4-ovulate) united in the axis. Leaves

prominently veined 3. D.pittosporoides.

1. D. oleaster, Z Muell. m Trans. Phil. Inst. Vict. iii. 29. A tall
shrub with slender branches. Leaves lanceolate, acute, or rarely obtuse, 2 to
3 in. long, entire or remotely toothed, narrowed into a very short petiole,
coriaceous, the veins scarcely conspicuons. Flowers in short, simple, axillary
or terminal racemes, the pedicels very rarely beariug 2 flowers. Calyx-seg-
ments broadly ovate or orbicular. Pttals nearly 2 hnes long. Disk thicker,
aud filaments longer than in the other two species. Ovary 1-celled, tnpering
into a style of at least \ line, the stigmatic lobes very short. Phicentas 3,
with 4 to 6 ovules to each. Fruit not seen. — Mdicijtus (?) oleaster, Liudl. in
Mitch. Trop. Austr. 383.

Queensland. St. George's Bridge, Baloniie river, Milchell.

2. D. obscura, Meisn. in Walp. Rep. i. 203. A tall shrnb or small
tree, the young branches generally pendulous. Leaves mostly oblong-hmceo-
hite, acuminate, 2 to 3 in. long, entire, with often wavy margins, narrowed
into a rather long petiole, coriaceous, flnely but not prominently veined ; on
baiTen branches the leaves are somctimes broadly ovate and bordered by
coarse prickly teeth like those of a Holly. Flowers in small pedunculate
cymes in the npper axils, or forming a short oblong tcrminal panicle. Calyx-
segments ovate. Petals rather broad, l^ lines long. Ovary l-celled, with
3 to 5 placentas ; style very short, with 3 to 5 oblong-linear stigmatic
branches. Ovules 4 to 8 to each phicenta. Capsule ovoid or globular, at-
taining about 1 in., of a pale-whitish hue when dry, the thick valves bearing
slightly projecting placentas along their centre. — Lencocarpon ohscuriim, A.
Eich. Sert. Astrol. 46, t. 18 ; Denhaviia xunthosperma, F. Muell. Trans. Phil.
Inst. iii. 28, and D. heterophylla , F. Muell. 1. c. 29.

N. Australia. York Sound, N.W, coast, A. Cunningham ; Melville Island (not
VOL. I. 2 D

402 XXXIV. CELASTRINE.E. [Denhamia.

Moreton Bay), Fraser ; Victoria river ancl Arnhcm's Land, F. Mitrller ; Port Essington,
Artostroiif/.

Queensland, Milehell ; Broad Sound, R. Brown ; Ncvvcnstlc rauge, bctwccn Gilbcrt
and Burdekiu rivers, F. Mueller.

3. D. pittosporoides, F. Muell. iu Trmis. Pliil. Inst. Vict. iii. 30. A
tree, the tnink, accordiug to Tliozet, beautifully striated. Leaves lanceolate
or rarely ovate-lauceolate, obtuse, 2 to 3 or rarely 4 in. long, obtusely serrate,
uarrowed iuto a petiole, coriaceous, with ver}"^ prouiinent piniiate aud reticu-
hite vcius, not so glaucous as in the other two species. Cymes pedunculate,
few-tlowered, on short k^afless brauches on the okl wood or at the base of
young leafy branches. Calyx-segiueuts broadly orbicuUir. Petals ovate,
about 1 liue long, rather thick at the base. Ovary fleshy, completely 3-celled,
with 3 or 4 ovules iu eacli ceU. Capsule globukir, attainiug in our specimens
\ in. or rather uiore, but many of them opening when not lialf that size, the
tliick woody valves bearing the dissepiments on their centre.

Queensland. Wide Bay, Bidwill ; sources of the Burnett river, C. Moore ; Rock-
lianipton, Thozet ; Warwick, Beckler ; Keppel Bay and Fitzroy river, Herb. F. Mueller.

4. EL^ODENDRON, Jacq. f.

Flowers often polygamous. Calyx 4- or 5-eleft, rarely 3-cleft. Petals as
many as calyx-segmcnts, spreading. Disk thick. Stameus as many as petals,
insertcd under the cdge of the disk ; filameuts short ; anthers nearly globular.
Ovary contiuuous with the disk, conical, 3-celled, rarely 2- or 4- or 5-ceHed;
style very short ; ovules 2 in each cell. Drupe succulent or nearly dry, the
putamen hard, 1-2- or 3-celled. Seeds usually solitary, without any arillus ;
testa membranous or spongy ; albumen scanty or copious, cotyledons flat. —
Shrubs or small trees, usually cpiite glabrous. Leaves opposite or alternate,
entire or crenate. Plowers small, in dichotomous cyincs, usually axillary or
lateral, oft n clustered.

The specics are nnincrous in East Tudia and soulhern Africa, with a very few in tro-
pical Aiucrica ; uone are kuown froni tropical Africa. The two Australiau oucs arc cu-
demic.

Ovary 2-cclled. Drupe rcd. Vcius of thc lcavcs scarcely con-

spicuous above \. E. aitstrale.

Ovary 3-ccllcd. Drupc black. Vciiis of thc lcavcs conspicuous ou

both sides 2. E. melanocarpiim.

1. E. australe, Vent. Jard. Malm. t. 117. A giabrous, sraall or
niiddle-sizeil trce. Leavcs oppositc, or here aud there alternate, ovate, ob-
ovate, elliptical, or obloug-lanceolate, obtusc or obtusely acumiuate, 2 to 4
in. long, entire or broadly crcnate, naiTOwed iuto a vcry short petiolc, coria-
ceous, the rcticulate vcins slightly promiiicnt underneath and scarccly couspi-
cuous above. Flowers 4-merous, in slendcr cymes, much shorter than the
leaves. Calyx-segments broadly ovatc. Petals fron^ a little more than 1
line to nearly 2 lines long, ovate, often broadly and shortly 3-Iobed. Ovary
conflueut with the disk in a conical mass, 2-ceIIed ; style eitlier very short or
attaining f line. Drupe ovoid or globular, rarely above \ in. long, of, a
bright-red colour, which it often retains in the dricd specimens. Putamcn
hard and woody, usually 1-sccded, but showing the traccs of the abortive cell.

ElcEodemIron?\ xxxiv. celastrine-E. 403

Albumen copious. — F. Muell. Fragm. iii. 61 ; Portensclduyia australis, Tratt.
Arch. t. 250.

Queensland. "Wide Bay and IMorcton Bay, C. Moore ; Ipswich, Nernsf.

N. S. 'Wales. Hunter's River, E. Broion ; Hastiugs, Macleay, aud Clarence rivers,
Beckler ; Illawarra, A. Canninyham and others ; Kiama, Harveij.

Var. angiistifoUa. Leaves lanceolate or narrow-oblong, entire or nearly so ; fi'uit niore
ellipsoid. — Portenschlagia hitegrifolia, Tratt. Arch. t. 284 ; Elaodendron integrifoliam,
G. Dou, Gon. Syst. ii. 12, — Burnett, Dawson, and Pine rivers, in Q,ueeusland, i^. Mueller ;
Warwick, Beckler.

According to F. Muellcr, the fruit in E. ausfrale is occasionally 3-celled ; but this must
be rarely the case, as I have never found more than 2 cells to the ovary iu any of the nu-
merous speciraens I have exaniined. The above references to Trattinick's Archiv are quoted
after G. Dou ; I do not fiud the second volume of that work iu any of our libraries.

2. S. melanocarpum, F. Mnell. Fragm. iii. 63. A glabrous tree.
Leaves opposite, obovate or oval-elliptical, broadly crenate, scarcely to be dis-
tinguished from those of E. amtrale, except that the veins are more conspicu-
ous on the upper as well as the lower side. Flowers smaller than in E. australe,
the males more numerous, in slender cymes like those of the small-flowered
Indian Hippocrateas, usually 3-merous. Female flowers in less-branched
cymes and often 4-merous. Ovary 3-celIed, but very imperfect in the flowers
examined. Drupe ovoid or globular, shining-black, rather larger than in E.
australe, the hard putamen always 3-cellcd, or showing the traces of a second
or third ccll when reduced to one. Albumen copious.

N Australia. Aruhem North Bay, R. Brown.

Queensland. Kcppel Bay, R. Broivn ; Port Boweu, A. Cunningham ; Fitzroy and
Lizard Islands, M'GiHivraij ; Port Denison, Fifzalan ; Rocldiamptou, Thozet.

5. SIPHONODON, Griff.

Calyx 5-cleft. Petals 5, spreading. Disk not distinct from the base of
the calyx. Stamens 5, connivent round the pistil, the filaments flattened.
Ovai-v half immersed in the disk or base of the calyx, conical, the summit
hollowed and stigmatic in the cavity round a central style-like column ; cells
numerous, in 2 to 4 series ; o^iiles solitary in each cell, alternately ascending
and pendulous. Drupe globular, hard-fleshy, with Jinmerous 1-seeded bony
pyrenes supeqwsed in rings of about 10 ronnd the central axis. Testa of the
seed membranous ; albumen ahnost liorny ; cotyledons large, flat ; radicle
short. — Glabrous trees. Leaves alternate, entire or crenate. Stipulcs minute,
deciduous. Peduncles short, axillary, few-flowered.

Besides the Australian species, which is eudemic (and referred to this geuus from the
fruit\ it comprises only one from the Indian Ai-chipelago, from which the tloral characters
are taken.

1. S. (?) australe, Benth. A tree of 40 ft. or more. Leaves obovate or
broadly oblong, obtuse, 2 to 3 in. long, entire or slightly sinuate, coriaceous,
drying of the pale colour so fre(iuent in Celastrinece. Flowers unknown.
Peduncles very short, bearing 1 or 2 fruits on pedicels of ^^ to ^ in., as in
S. celastriiiens, Griff. Drupe globular, f to 1 in, diameter, the flesh hard
and dry, with the stigmatic scar at the top, and the scar of the calyx at the
base, as in S. eelastrineus. Nuts numerous, appearing to have been aiTanged
in 2 rows in each of 5 cells, irregularlv ovoid, somewhat compressed, 3 to 4

2 D 2

404 XXXIV. CELASTRiNEiE. [^Slphonodon.

lines long. Testa of the seed brown ; albumen not very tliick ; cotyledons
broadly ovate.

Queensland. Brisbanc rivcr, A. Cunningham.

KT. S. TVales. Clarence river, Becklfr.

IJntil the llowers have been seen, this plaut nuist remain in some nicasurc doubtful, but
the habit and IVuit arc so nearly those ol' S. celastrineus, that I liave little hcsitation iu re-
fcrring it to tliat gcnus. Thc ovary n»ust probably be coiisidercd as 5-cellcd with many
ovules in each cell, scparated by spurious transverse disscpiments.

Tribe II. Hippocrate.b.— Stamens usually 3 only, witli a 5-merous
calyx and coroUa, inserted on the disk itself ; hlaments usually incurved at
the base but reeurved under the anther, which tlius opens outwards. Seeds
without albumen.

6. HIPPOCRATEA, Linn.

Calyx small, 5-cleft. Petals 5, valvate or imbricate. Stamens usually 3,
the iihnnents thick at the base, connivent rouiul tlie ovary, recurved at the
top ; anthers at first divided into 2 or 4 cells, at lengtli conflueut iuto 1
transverse cell. Disk conical or broad. Ovai-y 3-celled, style short, stigma
3-lobed ; ovules 2 or more in each celL Fruit of 3 distinct, Hat, coriaceous
carpels, opening along the middle in 2 boat-sliaped valves. Seed compressed,
usually prodneed at the base into a wing aehuite to the raphe ; albumen
none ; embryo in the upper eud of the seed ; cotyledons flat, connate ; radicle
inferior. — Small trees or woody climbers. Leaves opposite, entire or serrate.
Stipules veiy small and deciduous. f lowers in axiUary cyraes or panicles.

A large gcnus, widely distributed over tropical Asia, Africa, and America, the Australian
specics being one of the coramou Asiatic ones. It belongs to the sectiou with comparatively
large flowers and valvate ])etals. Thc other section common in India, induding H. itidica,
with minute globular flowers and imbricate petals, has not yet been observed in Australia.

1. H, obtusifolia, Roxb.; W. and Arn. Prod. 104, var. harhata. A
lall, woody, ghibrous climber. Leaves ovate, obovate, or oblong, obtuse or
o1)tusely acuminate, 2 to 4 in. long, entire, coriaceous, somewhat shining.
riowers in short, loose, axiUary cymes, the upper ones forming sometimes hn-ge
leafy termiual panicles. Petals fully 2 lines long, lanceolate, rather thick,
valvate in the bud, and in the Australian specimens bearded inside above the
middle, the disk and ovary also occasionally villous or pubescent. Ovules 6
to 10 in eacli cell of the ovary. Carpels about 2 in. long, either broadly ob-
h>ng and eiitire or broader aiul emarginate at the top. — //. viacraiitha, Korth.
Verhand. Nat. Gesch. Bot. 187, t. 39 ; H. barbata, F. MueU. in Trans. PhU.
Inst. Vict. iii. 23.

Queensland. Moreton Bay, W. Ilill, F. Mueller.

N. S. ^Vales. Clarcncc rivcr, Beckler. The spccics is widely distribnted ovcr tro-
pical Asia. The common Indian form, figurcd in Wight, Ic. t. 963, has glabrous pctals, but
the variety with bearded petals as dcscribed by Korlhals from Borneo, and of vvhich wc liave
specimens from Ceylon, is the same as the Australian one ; and the amouut of hairincss
both on the petals and ovary appcars to be variable.

Ordeu XXXV. STACKHOUSIE^.

Flowers regidar, lienna])lirodite. Calyx sniall, 5-lobed or 5-cleft. Petals

XXXV. STACKHOUSIE^. 405

5, perigynous, with elong-ated claws, usually free at the base, but united up-
wards in a tubular coroUa, with spreading lobes, imbricate in the bud. Disk
thin, lining the calyx-tube. Stamens 5, inserted on the margin of the disk;
fikments free, sleuder ; anthers oblong. Ovary free, 2- to 5-lobed, 2- to 5-
celled ; style single, with 2 to 5 lobes, stigmatic along the inner side. Ovules
solitary in each cell, erect, anatropous. Fruit of 2 to 5 globuLir, angidar, or
winged indehiscent cocci, at length seceding from the axis. Seeds solitary,
erect ; testa membranous ; albumen Heshy ; embryo straight ; cotyledons
short ; radicle inferior. — Herbs, usually forming a perennial stock, with erect,
little branched, virgate stems, often assuming a yellowisli coloiu-, rarely dwarf
and tufted. Leaves alternate, narrow, entire, often somewhat lieshy. Stijmles
none or very minute. Flowers in terminal spikes, rarely solitary, with 3 minute
or linear bracts (1 bract and 2 bracteoles) at their base. Stamens inchided
in the corolb-tube, of very unequal lengths. Pistil almost always 3-merous.
The Order is limited to a single geuus, almost enderaic iu Australia, one speeies extend-
ing to llie Philippine Islands, aud auother represented by a closely allied species ia New
Zealaud.

1. STACKHOUSIA, Sm.

(Tripterococcus, Endl.; Plokiostigma, Schuch.)

Characters and distribution those of the Order.

Corolla-lobes, oblong, obtuse.

Flowers solitary, terminal, sessile among the leaves of dwarf tufted

stems 1. S. piclcinaris.

Stems elongated. Spikes terminal.

Cocci acutely angled or wiuged. Leaves obovate or obovate-oblong 2. S. spathulata.
Coeci obovoid or globular, reticulate. Leaves lanceohite, linear or
fihform.
Spikes dense at the top, usually interrupted as the tlowering ad-
vances. riowers 4 to 6 lines long.
Leaves tlat, lanceolate or liuear or rarely terete. Bracts small 3. S. monogyna.
Leaves very narrow or terete. Bracts filiform.

Spikes or the whole phiut pubesccnt . . 4. iS. pubescens.

Glabrous except sometimes the cocci 5. 5. Hueyelii.

Spikes short, dense. Plowcrs about 3 liues long 6. S.Jtava.

Spikes filiform. Flowers distant, not 3 liues long. Leaves nar-

rovv, often very fevv . , 1. S. muricata.

Corolla lobes acute or acuminate.

Cocci obovoid or globuhir, reticuhife. Corolla 3 liues or less.

Spikes short, deuse. Leaves linear 6. S.fava,

Spikes Joug and slender. Flovvers or chisters of flowers distant.

Leaves oblong or linear, sonietimes fevv or very small .... 8. 5. viminea.
Flowers fevv, soUtary along the broom-like branchcs. Leaves aJl

reduced to minute scales 'i. S. scoparia.

Cocci broadly winged. CoroUa more than 4 lines, vvith filiform points

to the lobes 10. 5. Bruiionis.

1. S. pulvinaris, F. Muell. iu Traus. Phll. Soc. Fict. i. 101 ; Fragm.
ii. 359, iii. SS ; aiul Pl. Fict. ii. t. 14. A dvvarf, glabrous, much brauclied,
and densely tuftcd or prostrate herb. Leaves crowded, linear-oljlong, obtuse,
rather thick, usually 3 or 4 lines long. Flowers solitary and abnost sessile
amongst the last leaves, and but little exceediug them. Bracts vcry small,
obtuse. Calyx-lobcs ovatc. Corolia about 3 lines long, with oblong obtuse

406 XXXV. aXACKHOUSiEiE. [Siackhousia.

lobes, a littlc sliortcr thau tlie tuljc. Anthcrs ghi1)rous. Cocci rathcr hirge
iii proportiou to the phuit, suiooth or obscurcly reticuhvtc. — Hook. f. Fl. Tasni.
ii. 359.

Victoria. Summits of tlie liiEjher mouutains of Gipj)s' Laiid, at au clevatiou of GOOO
to 7000 ft., F. Mueller.

Tasmania. Western mouutains, Archer.

S. mlniniic, Ilook. f., from New Zealand, diifers very slightly in the acute lobcs of the
corolia aud pubcsccnt anthcis.

2. S. spathulata, Sieb. in Spreng. Syst. Cur. Post. 124. Ghibrous,
iisually uiuch brauclied at the base, with stout decumbeut or ascendiug
branches of about \ ft., but sometiuies lcngtheniug to 1 ft. or more. Leaves
from obovate to oblong, usually veiy obtuse, rathcr thick, aud ^ to f in. long,
but iu luxuriant stems leugthening out to 1 in. or more and abuost acute.
Spikes dcuse, with the flowers abnost of ^S^. monogyna. CoroHa-tube 3 to 4
lines long, lobes much shorter, oblong, obtnse. Cocci fully 2 Uues long,
witli 3 proiuinent vertical acutc auglcs or narrow wings. — F. Muell. Fragra.
iii. 86; S. maculata, Sieb. in Hook. Journ. ]^ot. ii. 4-21 ; Hook. f. FL Tasm.
i. 79 (the nauie originating iu a clerical error iu Siebcr's hibel) ; Triptero-
coccns sjmthdalHs, F. MuelL in Hook. Kew Journ. viii. 208 ; Schuch. in
Linnsea, xxvi. 20 ; F. Muell. F^raiitu. iii. 86 ; S. monogyna, LabilL PL Nov.
HolL i. 77, t. 104 (as to tlic fruit).

Queensland. Sauily Capc, Ilcrvcy Hay, R. Brown ; Moretou Island, M^GiUivrai/, F.
Mueller.

N. S. \irales. Southward of Botany Bay, R. Brown ; Port Jackson, Sieber, n. 24C,
aud otluTs ; frcqneut ou the scaslioi'e, J. Cunningham; and on all thc grass-lauds of the
iutcrior, Fraser (but probably coiifouudcd with S. moiiof/yna) ; Ilastings river, Beckler.

Victoria. Scacoast, \Vilsou's Promoutory, Portlaud liay, ctc, /''. Mueller.

Tasmania. Islauds of Bass's Straits, Guini, Bi/uoe. A spccimcu uot iu fruit froiu
llcclicrchc 15ay, (!. Stiiiui, is also proi)ably the saine.

S. Australia. Mouth of the Gleuclg and Rivoli Bay, .■//////.

3. S. monogyna, Labill. VI. Nov. Iloll. i. 77, t. 104 (i)artly). (ihi-
brouh, with a pereiuiial base, aiul crect, sini])k; or slightly branchctL stout or
slender stcms, usually 1 to l^ ft., but sonu-tiiucs twice tliat height. Leavcs
bncar or lanceolate, acute or obtuse, crowded or few and distant, usually \ to
1 in. loug, or wheu very bixuriant 2 in. Kaccmes at first dcuse, but oftcn
haigtlicning out to 4 or 5 in., the lowcr bracts sbmctimcs lcaf-Hke, passing
iuto the very small lanccohite upper ones, and oftcn all very smalL Calyx-
lobes narrow. CoroIIa-tube 3 to 4 lines long ; lobcs much shortcr, oblong,
obtuse. Cocci obovoicL promiuently reticulate, not anffled. — Liudl. Bot. Eeg.
t. 1917 ; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 79 ;' S. ohtnsa, Lindl. ni Bot. Ecg., under n.
1917 ; -S". tinariafolla, A. Cunn. in Field. N. S. Walcs, 356 ; F. MucII. Fragm.
iii. 87; S. Gunnii, llook. f. Fi. Tasm. i. 79; Schlccht. Liumca, xx. 642; S.
o*/;m'cocca, Schuch. in Linmxia, xxvi. 12; S. Muellcri, Scliuch. I. c. 16; S.
Gunniana, Schlccht. iu Schuch. I. c. 18.

Queensland. Kcpiicl Bay, Broad Souud, R.Bron.n; Port Q\w\.'\i,M' GiUirraij ; Daw-
sou aud Ikiwcu vivcrs, F. Mueller.

N. S. 'Wales. Iticliuiond and Grosc rwcr, R. Brown ; Bluc Mounlaiiis, aiid plaiiis
and comitrv nboul linlliurst, also southvvard of Port Jacksou, //. Cunningham aud olhcrs;
Twolbld Bay, /'. Muellcr.

StackJiousia.'] xxxv. stackhousie^. 407

Victoria. Common iu fertile as well as iu sterile soils, asceudiug in tlio AIps to 4500
ft., F. Mueller.

Tasmania. Derwent river, U. Brown ; abundaut throughout the island, /. D. Hooker.

S. Australia. From the Murray to Spencer's Gulf, aud in the iutcrior to Lake Tor-
reus, F. Mueller.

Although Labillardiere coufounded this species with S. spathulata, and represcuted and
described thc fruit of the Latter species, yet the commou oue, of which he described the
floweriug spccimeus, has been so universally kuown under his name, that it would ouly iu-
crease the coufusion to adopt a later name for that species. Amoug its numerous forms, the
luxuriaut specimeus with more conical spikes which commouly pass for the true S. rnonor/i/na,
and the suialler ones with fewer fiowers aud the youug spike more obtuse, published by
Liudley as S. ohtusa, pass into each other by iunumerable gradations. It is to the former
that Schlechtendal gave the name of iT. Gunnii, whilst Hooker's variety of that uame is
nearer to H. obtusa. A rather more distinct variety, with elongated slcuder stems, uarrow
aud more distaut leavcs, sometimes very few and small, aiul rather smaller flowers, with
suiaUer aud smoother cocci, is amougst the more common Victorian aud S. Australian forras,
and is more especiaUy the S. Hnariccfolia, A. Cunn., or S. Mmlteri, Schuch. It has some-
times the ahuost tercte leaves of 5. Huegelii, from which it theu ditfers in its very short bracts.
The calyx in this variety is ofteu strougly ribbed after floweriug, but still more so in a
sleuder uorthern variety, which has larger alraost muricate cocci. A few Quccnsland speci-
racns (Port Dcuison, Fitzalan), very slender, with small flowers in short deusc spikes, seem
almost to connect this with S. muricata. Indeed, differeut as are the extremc forms, the
numerous spccimeus I have had before me show scarcely auy definite limits betwcen S. mo-
no(j)jna, pubescens, nuegelii,jlava, muricata, and viminea.

4. S. pubescens, A. Rich, Sert. Astrol. 89, t. 33. Stems usiially erect,
nearly simple, 1 to \\ ft. liigh, glabroas or pubescent. Leaves very narrow-
linear, often 1 in. long in the lower part of the plant, glabrous or pubescent.
Spike at iirst dense and conical, elongating to 2 or 3 in., always pubescent.
Bracts linear, subulate-acuminate, usually exceeding the young buds. Calyx-
lobes acurainate, usually strongly ciliate. Corolla of the size and shape of that
of *S^. vionoyyna, with oblong obtuse lobes. Cocci strongly reticulate, usiially
pubescent. — Buuge, in PI. Preiss. i. 180; Schiich. iu Linnsea, xxvi. 10;
Plokiosti(jma Lehmanni, Schuch. 1. c. 40 (}'Oung buds, with the style not yet
grown out).

TV. Australia. Kiug George's Sound, R. Brown, Lesson, Oldfield; Swan River,
Drumnwnd, Freiss, n. 197:2, aud others; Kottenest Island, Preiss, n. 13G4.

5. S. Ifuegelii, Endl. iu Hueg. Enum. 17. Glabrous, with erect nearly
siniple stems of \ to 1|^ ft., wilh a tcrminal spike at first dense, afterwards
elougated as in 6'. motiogyna, and the flowers about the same size, with ob-
loiig, obtuse corolla-lobes ; but the leaves are very narrow-linear, often almost
terete, and the bracts and caIyx-Iol)es also very narrow, as in S. pubescens,
from which this species differs slightly in the want of any pubescence, except-
iiig sometimes in the cocci. — Schuch. iu Linnaea, xxvi. 14.

■^V. Australia. Swan River, and northward to Murchison river, Drnmmond, Oldfeld,
and others ; King George's Sound, R. Brown ; Kalgau river, Oldfield ; Stirliug raugcs,
Ma.rwell. This unght perhaps to be considered as a variety only of S. pubcscens.

6. S. flava, Ilook. Ic. Pl. t. 269. Glabrous. Stems numerous, brancli-
iug at tlie base, decumbent or ascending to from 6 in. to 1 ft. in height.
Ijcaves linear, flat, rarcly above \ in. lo.ng, rathcr thick, those of the short
stcrile branchcs sometimcs broadcr aiul oblong. Flowers yellow, much smaller
than iu S. monoijyna, clustered in short, dense, terminal spikes, the pedicels

408 XXXV. STACKUOUSIE/E. \Stackhoiisia.

ofteii ^ liiie louti,-. Bracts verv sliort, broad aiul obtuse. Calyx suiall, witli
ovate lobcs. CoroUa about 3 liues loug, witli oblouf;'-lauceolate, ratlier acute
lobes. Cocci not seen. — Ilook. f. Pi. Tasm. i. 80 ; Scliucli. in Linntca,
XX vi. 26.

Tasmania. Woulnorth, in ))Oor sandy soil, Gtinn.

W. Australia. riinJcrs 13;iy, Col^ie (with thc spikc rathcr more clongalcd).

7. S. mvirica,ta,, LiHdl. in Bot. Eef/.nnder n. 1911. Glabrous. Stcnis
slender, siuiple or brauched, often above l^ ft. long. Leaves uarrow-liuear,
soinetinies abnost tiUforra, -1 to 1 ^ in. lou<^. Spikes long, very slender, Avith
distaut clusters of 2, 3, or more small flowers, usually under 3 linesaud some-
times uot 2 liues long. Calyx-lobes small, obtuse. CoroUa-lobes uaiTow but
obtuse, somctimes as lono; as the tube, sometiines not luilf so long. Cocci
strougly reticulate, sometimes aluiost inuricate. — Schuch. in Linua^a, xxvi. 25.

N. Australia. Sturfs Crcek, F. Mneller.

Queensland. VwiY.%&m^i(\\\, Jrinsfrong ; Port Curtis auJ Duuk IslauJ, M'Gilli-
vruy ; IJiiualow scrul) iu fhe interior, 31itcliell ; Peak Uowus, /•'. MueUcr.

N. S. 'Wales. St. Georgc's river, U. Brown; PeeFs Rauge ou the Lachlau, A. Cun-
ningham.

This s])ecies, which wc have also from the Philippiuc IslauJs, varics considerabiy auJ
somctimcs approaches S. viminea, but thc leaves are uever so broaJ, anJ the corolla-lobcs
obtuse. The Sturt's Creck spccinieus bcloug to a more branehcJ auJ conipact iorui, with
very suiall flowers more Irequeutly solitary, auJ the lcaves few, small, auJ Jistant. Somc
suialler specinieu.s, like those from thc Philippinc l.slanJs, arc less brauched aud perhaps
somctimes annual.

8. S. viminea, Sm.. in Rees' Cijcl. xxxiii. Glabrous. Stems erect or
asceudiiig, sleuder, often 1 to 1| ft.high. Leaves ou the barren shoots often
rather broad, oblong, obtuse, | to 1 in. long, narrowed at the base, on the
flowering-stems lewcr, often small aud uarrow-liuear, aud sometimes scarcely
any. S]iike sleuder, elougatcd, with distant elusters of small flowers, some-
timcs nuraerous iu the chisters, sometimcs solitary. or ncarly so. Calyx small,
with acute lobes. CoroUa rarely cxceediug 3 lines aud ofteu not above 2
liues long, slender, with narrow acuminate or acute lobes. Cocci small,
strougly reticulate or muricate. — Scliuch. iu Liuua;a, xxvi. 22 ; S. niida,
Liudl. in Bot. Eeg. muler n. l'J17 ; Schnch. 1. c. 22 ; S. mono(jijna, Sieb. Pl.
Exs. ; S. dorypetula, Schucli. 1. c. 24.

N. Australia. Islauds of the Bay of Carpeutaria, li. Broivn; Goulburu IslanJ, A.

Cunninrjhaiii.

Queensland. Warwick, Becklcr.

N. S. '^Vales. Port Jackson auJ to tlic southwaiJ, Il.Brown, A. Cnnningham, Sicber,
n. 21.") aiul 501, auJ olhers; BIuc Mouutaius, Miss Atkinson ; New EnglanJ, C. Stuari ;
^lacleay and Clarcuee river.s, Beckler.

'W. Australia. Swan VA\c\\ Drummond, n.^yi; Phillips river, 3Ia.rwell ; bctweeu
]\Ioorc and Mui-chisou rivcrs, Brummond, n. 81.

Var. elala. Braiiches unmcrous aiid uiore ercct, attaiuiug 5 ft. accorJiug to Maxwcll,
but scvcral of I)rummonJ's are uuJcr I ft. ; lcaves all uarrow ; the wliolc jilar.t Jrying niore
yellow than usual in the castcrn variety, although some spccimens of the latlcr are also yel-
low. — S. elata, F. ]\lucll. Fragui. iii. S(). To this variety beloug MaxwcIFs spcciiueus
above mentioneJ auJ I)ruiumonJ"3 n. U^. A fcw Port Jackson oncs can scarcely be dis-
tiiiguishcJ froni thcin.

Var. micrantha. Small, sleuJcr, auj much-branchcJ ; flowcrs sniall, as in .V. mnricafa,
but the acuminate lubes as well as thc iiarrow leavcs are those of S. viminca. — To this are

SlackhoHsin.'] xxxv. stackhousie^:. 409

refenible Druaiinoad's specimoiis, ii. 81, aiul R. Bi-ovvii's and Cunningliam's from the N.
coast.

The distinctiou betweeu tliis species and S. muricata, and tlie value of the character
dcriveJ from the acute or obtuse coroUa-lobes, requires further iuvestigation on the living

plaiit.

y. S. scoparia, Benlli. Glahrous, erect, with nuinerous stout, rigid,
broom-like, apparently leafless branches, 8 to 10 in. high in our specimens.
Leaves all reduced to minute distnut scalcs. Flowers small, solitary and dis-
tant along thc ends of the branches, shortly pediceUate, witli minute bracts.
Calyx-lobcs narrow and acute. Corolhi about 2| lines long, with narrow
aciuninate lobes about as long as the tube. Cocci not seen.

■W. Australia. Bctween Svvan River and King George's Sound, Dnunmond.

10. S. Brunonis, Benth. Glabrous, Steins erect, simple or branched,
attaining 1 to 2 ft. or even more. Leaves narrow-linear or ahnost terete,
usually free and sinall, except at the base of some of the stems, rarely more
generally scattered and attaining |^ to 1 in. Spikes sometimes short and
crouded, but more frequently clongated, with rather distant shortly pedicel-
hite flowers. Bracts snbulate, very variable in length. Calyx-lobes narrow-
linear or acuminate. Corolla-tube slender, usually about 3 lines long, but
varying from 2j to 3|^ lines ; lobes narrow, acuminatc, often ahnost subu-
late, as long as the tube or much shorter. Cocci with 3 longitudinal
scarious wiugs, marked with transverse veins, the 2 marginal ones from
1 to 2 lines broad, the dorsal one much narrower, but all remarkably variable
in width even on tiie sanie specimen. — Tripterococcus Briaionl-i, Endl. in
Hueg. Enura. 18 ; Schuch. in Linnsea, xxvi. 31 ; T. simplex, Bunge, in Pl.
Preiss. i. 181 ; Schuch. 1. c. 35 ; T. junceus, Bunge, 1. c. 181 ; Scliuch. 1. c.
37 ; T. hrachysli(jrna, Schuch. 1. c. 33.

N. Australia. Regeut river, N.W. coast, ./. Citnnhif/Jiam.

W. Australia. King George's Sound, R. Brnion, Fraser, and others, to Svvan River
and Murchison river, Drummond, Oldfield, and olhcrs; Preiss, n. 1971 and 1973,

OiiDEii XXXVL RHAMNE^.

Eiowers regular, liermaphrodite, or rarely polygamous. Calyx campanu-
hite, urccohite, or cylindrical, the tube persistent and often adnate to the
ovarv or disk ; lobes 4 or 5, valvate, usually with a raised longitudinal line
iuside and deciduous. Petals 4 or 5, concave or hood-shaped, insertcd at tlie
base of the calyx-lobes, alternating with and rarely excceding them, or none.
Stamcns 4 or 5, alternating with tlie calyx-lobes, inserted with the petals and
opposite to tliem when present ; filaments short, fdiform ; anthers small, often
enclosed in tlie petals, rarely oblong or exserted. Disk rarely wanting, usually
hlling the calyx-tube or liuiug it, or annular round the ovary when inferior,
rarelv cup-sliaped and free. Ovary sessile on the disk or immersed in it, or
more or less iuferior, 3-celled, or rarely 2- or 4-celled ; style short, entire, or
with as many lobes or branches as ovary-cells ; stigmas terminal, capitate or
club-shaped. Ovulcs solitary in each cell, erect, anatropous, with a dorsal or
rarclv hateral raphc. Fruit a drupe or capsule, the border of tlie adnate base
of the calyx forming a ring at thc basc or round tlie fruit or at tlic sununit ;

410 XXXVI. RHA.MNE.f;.

epicarp tliin and dry or fleshy ; endocarp separating into as many membranous
coriaceous or hard cocci as cells, or woody or bony, divided into cells. Seeds
solitary, erect, usually ovate and somewhat compressed, often ariUate ; testa co-
riaceous or crustaceous and shining or rarely mendn-anous ; alburaen flesliy or
almost horny, often seanty, rarely wanting'; embryo usually straight, with
flat rather thick cotyledons and a short inferior radicle. — Shrubs or trees,
very rarely, in genera not Australian, herbs, erect or climbiiig. Leaves alter-
nate or rarely opposite, undivided, entire, or toothed. Stipules usually present
but very deciduous, rarely spinous and persistent. Flowers small, usually
green or yellowish, in cymes or umbel-like clusters, either solitary or forming
axillary or terrainal corapound cymes, racemes or panicles.

A coiisiderable Ordcr, ranging; over the tropical aiid temperate regions of botli tbe New
and the Old World. Of ihe 12 Australian genera, 3 are widcly spread tropical or northern
genera, and 1 tropical Asiatic, all represented in Australia by singie or very few species, a
fifth is South Anicrican, with one Australiau and oue New Zealand specics, the rcmaining
7, several of theui numerous in species, are cndemic or ucarly so ; Aiphitonia extcndiug
to the Pacilic islands, and Fomaderris to New Zcaland. The Order is a well-marked one,
the tioral cbaracters scparatiug it vcry readily from all except Ampelidece, from which it is
distinguished by the habit, by the drupaceous or capsular, not baccate fruit, and by the
sccds ; but most of the geuera, cvcn the most natural oncs, are difficult to characterize. The
diffcrences in their flowers and fruits are vcry trifling; they ofteu pass iuto each other by
tbe tiuest gradations, and habit, foliage, aud iutlorcsccnce must oftcu be relied upon for
lixing generic limits.

Calyx spreadiug. Disl< broad, coucave or filling thc calyx-tube.
Ovary frce or inimersed in the disk. Lcaves usually altcrnatc,
rathcr largc, oftcu scrrate. Fruit above 2 lines loug or broad,
succulent or diy.
Leavcs 3- or 5-nerved.

Drupc succuleut, the putameu woody or bouy, 1- to 4-celled.

Stipules usually spinesceut 2. Zizvpiius.

Drupe with a thin epicarp, covcring nicmbranous or crus-

taceous cocci. Uuarmed 4. Coi.rnRiNA.

Lcavcs pcnnincrvcd.

ranicle branches elongated and raceme-Iike. Nut 1-sccdcd,

produced iuto a long winglikc appcudage 1. Yf.ntilago.

Panicle or cymc 2-3-chotomous. Endocarp scparatiug into
cocci.
Ovary immersed in the disk. Epicarp thick. Leaves

white or rusty underncuth 5. Ai.phitoma.

Ovary scssile on the disk. Epicarp thin. Leaves grccu

on both sides G. Emmenospeumu.m.

riowers iu axillary clustcrs. Ovary scssilc on thc disk. Epi-

carp succulcut 3. Rhamnus.

Calyx campauulate or tubular. Disk nonc, or annular, or liuing
thc calyx-tul)e. Ovary partially or wholly inferior. Leavcs
alternatc, usually small aud eutire (cxccpt a few Pomaderrises).
Fruit luider 2 liues diameter.
Calyx-tube cntirely adnate, or lincd by thc disk up to thc lobes.
Petals uonc, or coucave, not cnclosiiig tlie authers, wliich are
cithcr obloug or ou long lilanienls. Flowers usually pedi-

ccllatc. Jkacts vcry dcciduous 7- Pomadekris.

Petals enclosiug the suiull autbers. Flowers pedicellate.

Bracts vcry deciduous 8. Tuymai.ii;ji.

Petals euclosing the small authcrs. Flowtrs scssile, surrouuded

by suiall, imbricate, persistent, browu bracts 9. Spvuidium.

XXXVl. KHAMiNE.E. 411

Caly.x-tul)e produced above tlie ovary aiid disk.

Flowers sessile or luarly so, iu cyiucs, often contracted iuto

heads surrouudcd by inibricate browu bracts 10. Stknantiiemum.

riowers solitary or in leafy spikes, somctiiucs coutracted iuto
heads, or pedicellate, iudividually surrouuded by brown

bracts 11. CiiYrTANDRA.

Calyx cauipauulate or tubular, the tube produced above the ovary

aud auuular disk. Spines aud siuall leaves opposite . . .12. Discaria.

1. VENTILAGO, Gfertn.

Calvx 5-lobed, spreading. Petals hood-shaped or none. Stamens 5,
scarccly exceeding the petals vvhen present. Disk flat or concave, tilling the
short calyx-tube. Ovary more or less immersed in the disk, 2-celled ; style
short, with 2 short erect stigmatic lobes. Nut globuhnr at the base, produced
into an oblong or linear coriaceous wing, 1-celled and 1-seeded, indehiscent.
Seed globular ; testa membranous ; albumen none ; cotyledons thick and
fleshy. — Climbing shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, penninerved. Flowers
small, chistered along the branches of axilhuy or terminal panicles.

Thc gcuus is disperscd over the tropical regious of the Old AVorld. The Avistralian spe-
cies is eudemic, dilferiug froiu the others in habit aud foliage as well as iu the abseuce of
petals.

1. V. vimiualis, IIoolc. in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 369. A small glabrous
tree. Leaves uarrow-hiuceoLate, 2 to 4 or even 5 jn. long, entire, narrowed
into a petiole, coriaceous, the ])iunate veins very oblique and sometimes abnost
parallel with the midrib, without the elegant transverse venation of the rest
of the genus. Panicles not much branched, or almost reduced to simple
racemes, shorter than the leaves, solitary or chistered in the axils. Calyx
about 1 line long. Petals none. Disk eutirely adnate to the short broad
calyx-tube. Ovary sbghtly immersed iu the disk. Fruit glabrous, about 1
in. long, inchiding the wing, the turbinate achiatc base of the calyx not attain-
ing above a quarter the length of the globular nut.

N. Australia. Nicholson river, Gulf of Carpcutaria, F. Mueller.
Queensland. Hiich sandy ridgcs ou the Rlaraiioa, MitcJiel/.
N. S. IVales. 'JVibutarics of the Upper Darling river, Bowman.

2. ZIZYPHUS, Juss.

Calyx 5-lobed, spreading. Petals hood-shaped or rarely none. Stamens
5, iuckided in the petals or scarcely exceeding them, when present. Disk
flat, tiUing the short calyx-tube. Ovary immersed in the disk, 2-, rarely 3-
or 4-eelle(l ; style shortly branched or stjles distinct ; stigmas small. Drupe
ovoid or globuLar, putamen woody or bony, 1- to 4-ceIled, 1- to 4-seeded.
Seeds with a sraootli fi-agile testa ; albumen none or scanty ; cotyledons thick.
— Trees or shrubs, usually armed with stipuLar prickles. Leaves alternate,
3- or 5-nerved, often disticlious and very oblique. Plowers smaU, green-
ish, in axiUary cymes. Fruit often edible.

Thc gcnus ranges over the tropical aud subtropical regious of thc New aud thc Old ^Voild.
Two of the Australian specics are also commoa Asiatic oiies, thc tbird is cndeniic.
Leaves grccn on both sidcs, scftly pubescent or villous, or at lcngth

glabrous. Drtipe siuall, 2-celkd 1. Z. (E)ioiilia.

412 XXXVI. khamne;T:. [Zizijphus.

Lcaves white or rusty undcrueath, «ith a close tomentum.

Ovary and drupcs'2-cclled 2. Z.jiijiiha.

Ovary and drupcs 4 celled 3. Z. quadrilocularis.

{Z. meladomoides, A. Cuun. Herb. and Steud. Nom., is a Celtis)

1. Z. Qlnoplia, Mill. ; W. and Arn. Prod. 163 (witli the synonyras ad-
duced, except Z. Napeca). A shrub of several ieet, with very divaricate
branches, the yoiing ones rusty-pnbescent or villous. Stipular spines short,
in ])airs, one straiglit and deciduons, the other hooked or recurved and more
persistent. Leaves very obliquely ovate, obtuse or slightly acuniinate, 1 to 2
in. long, entire or crenulate, 3- or 5-nerved, membranous, green on both
s-des, softly pubescent or villous, especially underneath, or soraetimes gh^brous
when full growu. Cynies small, compact, few-Howered, and ahnost sessile.
Ovary 2-celled, styleshort, the stignia scarcely divided. Drupe globuhu-, 2
or 3'lincs diaraeter, 2-celled or l-celled by abortion. — Z. celiidifulia, DC.
Prod. ii. 20 (froni the character given) ; Fenzl, in Hucg. Enura. 20 ; Z. riifula,
l^liq. T\. Ind. Bat. i. part 1, 643.

N. Australia. Islauds of the Gulf of Carpentaria and Amhem S. Bay, R. Brown.
Commou in East India and the Archipelago, but apparently not iu Africa. Of the two
Liunfcan Rhamni doubtfully refcrred here by Wight and Arnott,i?. (Eiiuplia is quitc coiTect;
R. Napeca howevcr is Zizi/phus lucida, Moon ; Thw. Enum. Fl. Ceyl. 7-4. Thc LinuEDan
herbariuiu has vcry good aulbentically named specimens of both.

2. Z. jujuba, Lam. ; W. and Arn. Prod. 162 (with the synonjnns ad-
duced). A tall slu-ub or small tree, with short stipidar prickles, occasionally
wanting. Leaves ovate or nearly orbicidar, usnally veiy obtuse, 1 to 3 in.
long, entire or toothed, 3-nerved, glabrous aliove, covered underncath, as well
as the petioles and branches, with a close whitc or rnsty tomcntuni. Cymes
small, compact, and nearly sessile. Ovarv' 2-celled, tapering into a short 2-
lobed style. Drupe globular, nsiially about \ to nearly f in. diameter, 2-
celled or 1-ceIIcd by abortiou.

Queensland. Torres Straits, Dalouzet. Very common, both wild aud cultivatcd,
throughout tropical Asia, exlendiug also to tropical Africa.

3. Z. quadrilocularis, F. Mnell. Fratjm. iii. 57. A tall shnd) or
small tree. Stiijules lanceolate, appressed, very rigid and pointed, btit not so
spinous and more deciduous than iu the othcr species. Leaves ovate, shortly
acuminate, or rarcly obtuse, 2 to 3 iu. long, entire or scarcely crennlate, very
oblique at the base, 3-nerved, glabrousabove, nisty orhoary-tomentose under-
neath, as well as the yonng branches. Cymes small, dense, very shortly
pedunculate. Ovary 4-ceIIed, with a short 4-Iobed style. Drupe globular,
of the size of that of Z. jiijuba, but the thick bony putamen 4-ceIIed and 4-
seeded.

N. Australia. l^pper Victoria rivcr, F.Mueller.

3. RHAMNUS, Linn.

Calyx 4- or 5-Iobed, brondly campamdatc or sprcadiug. Petals hood-
shaped, involute or nearly tlat, or rarely nonc. Stamens 4 or 5, scarccly ex-
ceeding the petals when preseut. Disk broadly concave or lining the calyx-
tube, with a free margin. Ovary free, scssile on the disk (not iiuinersed), 2-
celled in the Australian specics, 3- or 4-ceIIed in most others, tapcriiig iuto a

Rham7iiis.] xxxvi. iuiamne.*:. 413

style, with as many sliort stiginatic lobes as ovary-cells. Drupe succnlent,
globular or oblong, containiug 2 to 4 bony or cartilaginous pyreucs, indehis-
ceut or scarcely dehisceut. Seeds with a smooth testa ; albimien fleshy ;
cotyledons tiat or recurved. — Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, petiohite,
peuniuerved, entire or toothed, lisually green on both sides. Stipides sniall,
tlecitluous. Flowers in clusters, either axiUary and solitary or in axiUary or
terininal racemes.

The genus is widely dispersed over the northeni hemisphere, rare in tropical regions.
The Australian specics, which is iu some ineasure doubtful, cxtends to the Fiji Islauds.

1. R (?) vitiensis, j5«z//«. Quite glabrous, the branches slender. Leaves
ovate or oval-oblong, shortly acuminate, 2 to 3 in. loug, eutire or serrate-
crenate, green on both sides, thin and apparently deciduous. Flowers in
axiUary sessile cUisters, ou slender petlicels of 3 or 4 lines. Calyx about 2
lines long, the tube broadly hemispherical, the lobes triangular, lather thin.
Petals invohite, enclosing the stamens. Disk coucave, broadly cup-shai^ed,
the margiii iVee. Ovary broadly sessile, 2-celled, tapering into a short style.
Fruit not seen. — Colubrlna vitiensis, Seem. Syst. List Vit. Pl. 4.

Queensland. Cape York, M'GiUim-ay. TJntil the fruit is known, the genus of this
plant cannot be free from doubt. The infiorescence and disk, however, are those of Rham-
?)^'.?, and the species seems to differ ixom R.javanica, Miq., chieHy in its thinner leaves.
Apparently the same species was gathered ia the Fiji Islands by Seemaun, and his specimens
ha\ e youug fruits, of an obovoid-oblong shape, which, as far as they go, agree with those of
Rhamnus.

4. COLUBRINA, L. C. Eich.

Calyx 5-lobed, spreading. Petals hood-shaped. Stamens 5, inchided in
the petals. Disk thick, iiUiug the calyx-tube. Ovary immersed in the disk,
3- or rarely 4-celIed, tapering into a 3-, rarely 4-cleft style, with obtuse
stigmas. I)rupe nearly globular, obscurely lobed, the epicarp thin or succu-
lent, the endocarp separating into 3, rarely 4 inenibranous or crustaceous
cocci, opening inwards by a longitudinal slit. Seeds without any arillus ;
testa smooth, shiuiug, coriaceous ; albiimen fleshy but thin ; cotyledons flat or
iucurved, tliiu or ratlier tliick. — Erect or half-climbing shrubs or trees. Leaves
alternate, 3-uerved at the base or penuinerved in species not Australian.
Stipules small, deciduoiis. Flowers small, iu axUlary cymes or clusters.

The species are nearly all American, tropical or subtropical, with one from tropical Asia,
extending also iuto Australia.

1. C. asiatica, Brongn. ; TF. and Arn. Prod. 166 (with the synouyms
adduccd). A large shrub or small tree, unarmed, aud quite glabrous, with
loug, slender, often flexuose brauches. Leaves petiolate, ovate or broadly
cordate, acumiuate, 2 to 3 in. long, crenate-serrate, 3-nerved and peuuinerved,
siuooth aud shiuing, but scarcely coriaceous. Cymes shortly pedunciilate,
rarcly exceeding the petioles. Flowers greenish, about 2 lines diameter.
I''ruit about 4 lines diauieter, depressctl at the top, furrowed opposite the
dissepiments, the endocarp separatiug more or less perfectly into 3 or rarely
4 membranoiis cocci.

Queensland. Cape York, M^GiUivraj/ ; Cape Grafton and Eodd's Bay, A. Cunning-
hani; lIowick's Group, F. Mueller ; Shoalwatcr passage, R. Broicn ; Port Denison, Fitz-
alan. The specics is comnion in tropical Asia, extending to thc Pacific islands.

414 XXXVI. UHAMNE.E.

5. ALPHITONIA, Reissek.

Calyx S-lobed, spveading. Petals iiivolute. Stamens 5, iucluded in the
petals. Disk tliick, fllling the calyx-tube. Ovary immersed in the disk,
2- or rarely 3-celled, tapering into a shortly lobed style. Drupe globuhxr or
broadly ovoid, the epicarp of a dry, mealy or soraewhat corky substance ; en-
docarp of 2 or 3 hard coriaceous nuts or cocci, opening inwards by a longi-
tudinal sbt. Seeds with a shining hard testa, completely enclosed in a
membranous brown shining ariUus, open at the top, but with the edges
folded over ; albumen cartiLaginons or horny ; cotyledons flat. — Tree. Leaves
alternate, penninerved. Cymes dichotomous, many-flowercd. Seeds often
persisting on the torus after the pericarp has fallen ofl".

The gcuus is proLably limited to a siiii;le sj^ecies, raiiging from Australia to the Pacific
islands.

1. A. excelsa, Reissek, in Eudl. Gen. 1098. A tall hard-wooded
tlmber-tree, tlie young branches, petioles, and inflorescence hoary or rusty
with a close tomentum. Leaves petiolate, varying from broadly ovate or
abnost orbicular and veiy obtuse, to ovate or lanceolate aiid aoute or acumi-
nate, iisually 3 to 6 in. long, entire, coriaceous, ghibrons or slightly hoary
above, white, or rarely rust-coloured underneath with a close tomentum, the
parallel pinnate veins very prominent. Elovvers 2 to 3 lines diameter, in
little umbel-like cymes, arranged in dichotomous cymes in the upper axils or
in a terminal corymbose panicle. Calyx tomentose. Disk broad and nearly
flat. Fruit 3 or 4 lines diaraeter, or sometimes rather Ltrger. — Coluhrina
excelsa, Fenzl, in Hueg. Enuui. 20.

N. Australia. Islands of the Gulf of Carpeutaria (Cape Vau Diemeu), R. Brown;
Swecrs Islaud, H<'/i)ie ; Arnhem's Laud, F. Mueller.

Queensland. Curtis Islaud, Henne ; Rockhampton, Thozet ; Port Denison, Fifzalan ;
Brisbanc river, Moreton Bay, A. Cunni/u/Iiam, Fraser, F: Mneller, and others.

N. S. ^Vales. IIuntcr's, Patcrson's, aud Williains rivcrs, F. Brown ; Hastings and
Clarcnce rivers, Beckler aud others; Blue Mouutains, Miss Atklnson ; Ilhiwarra, M^Arllmr.

The Carpeutaria ishind specimcus bclong to a variety with rcmarkably large obtusc leavcs,
thc flowers rathcr largcr thau usual, and thc tomentum somewhat rusty. To this bclongs
Zlzyphus jiomaderroides, Fcnzl, iu i[iieg. Euum. 20, judging from R. Brown's spccimens
corrcspoiiding to Baucr's. Alphitonia zizi/phoides, A. Gray, Bot. Amcr. ExpL Expcd. i. 278,
t. 20 [Rliamnus ziziiplioides, Soland.), which exteuds from Borneo aud Ncw Caledouia to
the Pacific islauds, docs uot appear to dilVer at all from some of the easteru Anstralian spe-
cimens ; whilst A. franguloides. A. Gray, 1. c. 280, is very like some of tlie more toraentose
N. Australian spccimeus.

6. EMMENOSPEBMUM, F. Muell.

Calyx 5-lobe(l, thc tube campanulate. Petals hood-shaped, inserted with
the stamens on the niargiu of tlie disk. Stamcns 5, enclosed in the petals.
Disk thin, lining the calyx-tube. Ovary inserted on the disk in the bottom
of the calyx-tube, but not immersed, 2-celled or rarely S-celled, tapering into
a shortly-cleft style. Pruit alinost capsular, with a very tliin almost dry epi-
cai-p, thc endocarp separating into 2 or rarely 3 cartilaginous almost ciiista-
ceous cocci, opening along the inncr face in two valves. Seeds inserted on
a turbinate or slightly cup-shapcd funicle, without any arillus ; testa hard and
shining ; albumen cartilaginous ; cotyledons flat. — Trees. Leaves opposite

Emmenospenna.'] xxxvi. RiiAMNEiE, 415

or alternate, penninerved. Cynies or panicles trichotomous, many-flowered.
Seeds often persisting on the torns aftcr the pericarp has fallen oft".

The genus is endemic in Australia. It is closely allied in technical characters to the S.
African Noltia, but with a difFerent habit.

Lcaves opposite or uearly so \. E. alpliifonioides.

Leaves alternate %. E. Cunninghamii.

1. E. alphitonioides, T. Muell. Fragvi. iii. 63. A tall hard-wooded
timber-tree, quite glabrous. Leaves opposite or nearly so, petiolate, ovate,
acurainate, 2 to 3 in. long, entire, coriaceous, shining above, green on both
sides. Flowers numerous, in little dense umbel-like cymes, arranged in tri-
chotomous cymes or corymbose panicles in the upper axils or terminal.
Calyx-Iobes ahuost petal-like, nearly 1 line long. Fruits apparently about 8
liues long, but either unripe or ah^eady open in our specimen. Seeds persis-
tcnt, like tliose of AlpMtonia, but without the peculiar arillus of that species.

Queensland. Brush of Brisbane river, M'Arthur ; Peri creek, Leichhardt.
N. S. 'Wales. Clarence river, C. Moore, Wilcox ; Illavvarra, known under the name
of " Dogvvood," M'Arthur, Backhouse, 'Ralston.

2. E. (?) Cunninghamii, Benth. Leaves alternate, similar to those of
E. atphitonioldes, except that the petioles are longer. Flowers not seen.
Umbel-hke cymes apparently not numerous, in a terminal corymbose panicle.
Fruits rather larger than in E. alphitonioides, 3- or 4-celIed ; epicarp scarcely
any ; cocci 2-valved. Seeds red and shiuing as in that species, but not per-
sisteut on the torus, and the funicle veiy small.

N. Australia. Port Warrender, N.W. coast, A. Cunningham. The spccimens arc very
impcrfect ; thcy wcre referred to Croton by Cuuniughara, but the seeds are erect and pre-
seut all the characters of Rhanuiea, as ah'cady obscrved by Planchon in Ilerb. Hook.

7. POMADERmS, LabiU.

Calyx-tube entirely adnate to the ovary, the limb divided to the base into
5 lobes, \isually deciduous or rcflexed. Petals cither concave or nearly flat,
not enclosing the anthers, or none. Stamens 5, the filaments long and usually
suddenly inflected and attenuate near the top ; anthers oblong or ovoid.
Disk annular, surrounding the ovary at the base of the calyx-lobes, often
scarcely conspicuous, and never vcry prominent. Ovary half-inferior or rarely
almost entirely inferior. Style 3-cleft, or rarely almost cntire. Capsnle pro-
truding above the border of the calyx-tube, septicidally 3-vaIved, the endo-
carp separatiug into 3 crustaceous or membranous cocci, opening by a broad
operculum at the base of the inner face, or by the separation of thc whole
imier face, or rarely by a longitudinal slit. Seed inserted on a short, thick-
ened, turbinate or cup-shaped funiculus. — Shrubs, with the young brauchcs
and under side of the leaves white, hoary or rusty with a close stehatc to-
mentum, often mixed with or concealed by longer, simple, soft, often silky
hairs. Leaves alternate, penuinerved. Stipules brown and scarious, usually
very deciduous. Flowers pedicellate, in small umbel-Iike cymes, usually
forming terminal panicles or corym])s, or rarely solitary in the axils of the
leaves. Bracts brown and scarious, but so deciduous as to bc scldom visible
at the time of flowering.

416 XXXVI. BHAMNE.ii;. [Pomaderris.

The geniis is oonfmcd to Anstralia and \e\v Zealand ; Ihe Anstraliau spccies are all cn-
deinic and from the eastern and southeru districts, with the exccption of two which are
also found in New Zealand.

Flowers with petals.

Calyx-tube turbiuate, at least lialf as long; as the lobes. Cocci
opcning by au operculum bclow the uiiddle.
Leaves mostly ovate-lanceolate, 2 to 3 in. long. Pauiclcs mauy-
flowered.
Leaves hoary or tomentose above, softly tonientose uudcracath.

Calyx about 2 lines loup;, very villous \. P. lanigera.

Leaves glabrous or sparingly scabrous-pubescent above, dcusely
ferrnirinous, tomentose uuderncath. Calyx 1 to li liues

long, softly hairy .... 2. P . ferruginea,

Leaves somewhat coriaceous, glabrous above, very white un-

derueath. Calyx l^ lines long, silky-hairy 3. P. grandis.

Lcaves ovate, aud obtuse or oblong-elliptical, often above 2 in.
loug, glabrous above, white underncath. Panicles niauy-
flowered, Calyx 1 to l^ lines, closely tomcntose or hairy . 4. P. ellijifica.
Leaves tirni, i-arely above l in. long. Panicles small and com-

pact. Calyx of P. eUiptica 5. P. phillyreoides.

Calyx-tube exceediugly short. Cocci opening by their whole inuer
face. Lcaves small. Paniclcs coni])act.
Leaves broadly ovate or orbicular. Calyx hoary. Petals broad . 6. P. vacciniifulia.
Leaves obovate or broadly obloiig. Calyx silky. Petals very

uarrow 1. P. myrliUoides.

Leaves uyrrow-oblong. Calyx silky. Pctals narrow . . . . 8. /*. ledifolia.
Flowers without pctals.

Cymcs rathcr loose, numerous in nuich-branchcd paniclcs.
Calyx stellntc-tomcntose or hoary, with a very short tubc.

Leaves 2 to 4 in. long, irregnlarly crcnate and rugose ... 9. P. apctala.

Leavcs 1 to 2 in. long, ashy-white, not rugose 10. P. cinerea.

Calyx softly hairy, with a turbinate tube.

Leaves mostly obtuse, scabrous above, often creuulate aud

rngose 11. P. prnnifoUa.

Leaves mostly acutc, smooth above, (luite entire 12. /". ligitstrina.

Cymes coudenscd into heads, iu oblong paniclcs. Calyx-tube vcry

short '...'. 13. P. betidina.

(Vmes loose, few, in close corymbs. Leaves obcordate or bifid.

Calyx-tube turbinate 14. P. obcordaia.

Cymes loose, usually few-llowercd, axillaiy, or in narrow, oblong,
or raceuie-like pauicles. Calyx-tnbe very short.
Lcavcs ovatc, obovate, or broadly oblong, flat.

Leavcs thick, \ to 1 in. long, white or cottony nudcrncath . 15. P. racemosa.
Leaves \ to 1 in. long, loosely pubesceut and scarcely white

underneath 16. P. suhrepanda.

Leaves undcr 5 iii., obovatc, white underncath 17. P. elachophglla.

Leaves lincar or oblong, the margins rcvolute. Flowers vcry

small and nnmerous 18. P. phglicifolia.

1. P. lanigera, Sims, Bot. Mag. f. 1823. An crect branching shnib,
nearly allied to F. elUptica, with which it is united by F. Mueller, diflering
chietly in the leaves softly though niinutely tonientose on the upper side,
and the hirger more villous flowers. Leaves oblong or ovate-lanceohate, the
under side as Avell as the young l)ranchcs clothed with a soft velvety tomen-
tum often rust-coloured. Panicles often Larger and lcss corymbose" than in
P. elliptica. Calyx about 2 Hnes long, very densely and softly hairy, the

Pomaderris.] xxxvi. rhamnejE. 417

turbinate tube about lialf as long" as tlie lobes. Petals ovate, concave, on
slender claws. Fruit as in F. elliptica, but larger and more hairy. — DC.
Prod. ii. 33, excluding the var. /3; Ceanothus lauiger, Andr. Bot. Kep. i. 569 ;
P. obscura, Sieb. Pl. Exs.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown, Sleher, n. 216; rocky gullies near Kiug's
Fall, ^. Cunningham ; New England, C. Stuart ; WasXm^i mtx, Beckler.

2. P, ferruginea, Sieb. ; Fenzl, in Hueg. Enum. 21. Very near F. el-
liptica, aud united with it by F. Mueller, having the leaves glabrous abo^e,
and the small flowers of that species, but the leaves are usiially rather longer
for their breadth aud more acute, and the down of the under side is much
more dense, velvety and usually ferruginous. The flowers are more nuraerous,
the calyx raore softly and densely hairy, and the petals nsually narrower.
The fi-uits are the same. — Hook. f. Fl. Tasra. i. 76 ; P. lanigera, var. /3, DC.
Prod. ii. 33 ; P. viridirufa, Sieb. PI. Exs. ; Ceanothus Wendlandianus, Eoera.
and Schult. Syst. v. 299 (from the character given) ; Fontaderris Wendlan-
diana, G. Don, Gren. Syst. ii. 39.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, B,. Broicn, Sieber, n. 209 and 214, and Fl. Mlxt. n.
545 : Parainatta, A. Cunningham, Woolls ; Blue Mountains, 31iss Jtkinson.

Victoria. jNIacalister river, Gipps' Land, F. Mueller.

Tasmania. Flinders Island, Bass's Straits, Gunn.

Var. pubescens. Leaves pubescent above with sliort scattered hairs, but green ; flowers
small, as in the norinal form. — P. hirta, Reissek, iu Endl. Nov. Stirp. Dec. 31 (from the
dcscription). — IUawarra, Tvvofold Bay, and Geuoa river, F. Mueller ; and other localities in
southeru N. S. AVales and easteru Victoria.

Var. canescens. Leaves 3 to 4 in. long, white and less ferruginous uuderneath. Inter-
mediate almost betweeu F.ferruginea aud P. elliptica. — Percy Island, A. Cunningham.

3. P. grandis, F. Muell. Fragm. iii. 68. Very nearly allied to P.fer-
ruginea, aud ditfering chietly in tlie silvery whiteness of the tomentum.
Leaves ovate-lanceolate or oblong-elliptical, rather aciite, 2 to 3 in. long, ghi-
brous above, silvery-white underneath, with a soft silky tomentiun. Panicles
many-ttowered, coryrabose, as in F.ferruginea and F. elliptica, and flowers
about the sarae size. Calyx with a turbinate adnate tube, densely clothed
with soft white silky hairs. Petals broad. Style-branches exceedingly short,
but not shorter than in sonie N. S. Wales specimens of P. ellipticu.

W. Australia. Mount Manypeak river, Maxwell. Prom the single specimen upon
which this sjjecies is founded, it does uot appear to me to ditfur more from P. elliptica than
P.ferrughiea and P. phillgreoides, and, if these are joincd to it as vurieties, P.grandis
must surely follow, notwithstauding the distant habitat.

4. P. elliptica, Labill. Fl. Nov. Hdl. i. 61, t. 86. A tall shrub or
small tree, the young branches rusty with a very close stellate down, inter-
mixed occasionally with a few longer hairs. Leaves petiolate, ovate, oblong
or ovate-lanceolate, obtuse or rarely almost acute, nsually 2 to 3 in. long
and f to l^ in. broad, entire or the raargins slightly waved, glabrous above
and smooth or scarcely scabrous, white underneath with a very close to-
raentum, the prorainent raidrib and principal parallel veins often rust-coloui*ed.
Cymes numerous, in dichotomous panicles, usually more or less corymbose,
Stipules lanceolate, brown and scarious as well as the broad coucave bracts,
but all falling off in a very early stage so as to be rarely seen at the tirae of
^lowering. Calyx about 1|- lines long, white witli a minute stellate tomen-

VOL. I. 2 E

418 XXXVI. RHAMNE^. [Pomaderris.

lura, often intermixed with longer simple hairs, especially on the turbinate
tube. Petals usually broadly cordate or nearly orbicnlar, concave, on slender
cLaws, but often much narrower, sometimes decply tootlied and occasionally
abortive. Style-branches short, with capitate stigmas. Capsule about l^ lines
diameter, sliglitly hairy, the free part rather shorter thau the adnate portion,
the cocci opening in a round valve or opercuhnu below the middle. — Bot. ^Mag.
t. 1510 ; DC. Prod. ii. 33 ; Hook. f. FI. Tasra. i. 76 ; F. MueU. Fragm.iii. 09.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson to thc Blue INIountains, R. Brown and othcrs ; north-
ward to New England, C. Stuart, and southward to Twofold Bay, F. Mueller.

Victoria. Monkey Creek, Gipps' Land, F. Mueller.

Tasmania. Common, especially in the northern portion of the island, J. J). Hooker.

Also in the northeni island, New Zealaud.

Two species are usually distinguished, P. elliptlca, with broader more obtuse leaves and
without any silky hairs mixed wilh the stellate tomentum of the calyx, and P. discolor, DC.
Prod. ii. 33, Sweet, Fl. Aust. t. 41, with the calyx, at least the tube, more or lcss silky-
hairy and the leaves oftcn less obtnse. Labillardiere's specimens belong to the former, but
his descriptiou agrees better with the latter; and in many instances the two forms pass one
into the other. Sieber's specimens, n. 208 (P. malifolia, Sieb. ; P midtijlora, Penzl, in
Hueg. Enum. 21), are very broad-leaved, with the tomentose calyx of the tirst form ; n. 213
{P. discolor) bclongs to the second; n. 210 {P. intermedia, Sicb. ; DC. Prod. ii. 33) has
the leaves narrovver thaa usual and the indumentum of the calyx variable. Ceanothus dis-
color, Vent. Jard. Maim. t. .58, has the move acute leaves of the secoud form with the dose
tomcntum of the first. P. acuminata, Liuk. Euum. Hort. Berol. 235, is probably esta-
bli-shed on the same garden-plant as Veutcnafs.

F. Mueller considers P. lanigera, ferruginea, and •phillyreoides as varieties only of this
species, aud it is certainly sometimes difficult to draw precise limits between them in the
dried state. If they are united, the species should surely include also P. grandis.

5. P. phillyreoides, Sieh. in BC. Prod. ii. 83. A shrub, said to be of
much smaller stature than P. elUptica. Down of the young branches some-
times very close and white or rusty, sometimes loose and more rusty, ahnost
as in P.femiginea. Leaves much smaller thau in any of tlie preceding spe-
cies, sehlom attaining \\ in. and usually much shorter, oblong or oval, obtuse
or acute, entire, of a firm consistence, glabrous or miuutcly hoary above, soft
underneath with a white or nisty down. Flowers rather larger than in P.
elUptica, but variable in size, the cymcs compact, in small terminal panicles.
Calyx softly silky-hairy, the turbinate tube shorter than the lobes. Petals
nearly of P. elliptica, but usually nanwver. Styles more deeply cleft, the
branches chib-shaped at the top, with somewhat decurrent stigmas. Capsule
of P. elliptica. — P. andromedcefolia, A. Cunn. in Field, N. S. Wales, 351 ;
Bot. Mag. t. 3219; P. phillyrecefolia, Fenzl, in Ilueg. Enum. 23 (from the
character given).

Wr. S. Wales. Port Jackson, Sieber, «. 215 ; rocks in the Blue ^lountains and stony
barreu hiliy districts, A. Cuyinivgham and others. I have failed in idcutifying iu II. Brown's
herbarinm the plant described by Fenzl, but have little doubt of its belouging to this spe-
cies, which F. Mueller unites with P. elliytica.

Var. nitidula. Leaves more coriaceous, usually acute ; tomentum closer, very white on
thc undcr side of the leaves. — New Englaud, C. Stuart ; Mount Liudsay, //'. Hill.

6. P. vacciniifolia, Eeissek and Miuil. in Linnaa, xxix. 266. A shrub,
with slender divaricate branches. Leaves ovate or nearly orbicuhu', veiy ob-
tuse, seldom above ^ in. long, glabrous above, white underneath. Cymes
suuiU, in ovoid termiual panicles of about 1 in. Buds nearly globular, about

Pomaderris.] xxxvi. RHAMNEiE. 419

1 5" lines (liameter, hoary witli a very close stellate tomentum, witliout silky
hairs, the calyx-tube exceedingly short. Petals broad. Summit of the ovary
remarkably prouiinent, and birsute with white hairs. Style-branches short,
with capitate stigmas. Fruit nearly 1 1 lines long, tlie free part much longer
than the adnate base ; cocci thin, opening by the separation of the whole
inner face, which often splits along the centre. — F. Muell. Fragm, iii. 71.
Victoria. Watts river, F. Mueller.

7. P. myrtilloides, Tenzl, hi Hueg. Enum. 23. Apparently a low,
erect, diciiotouiuus shrub, the tomentum of the younger branches and under
side of the leaves very close but dense, and having a silky appearance on the
younger leaves. Leaves from obovate to obovate-oblong, very obtuse or
almost acute, slightly emarginate, mostly about \ in. long, in the original
specimens narrowed at the base, glabrous above and cjuite entire. Cymes few,
loose, forming small terminal corymbs, shorter or but little longer tlian the
List leaves. Buds ovoid, or at length nearly globular. Calyx 1|^ lines long,
very silky with short hairs, the tube very short. Petals narrow-linear. Style
almost entire. Fruit not seen.

W. Australia. Goose Island Bay, S. coast, R. Brown.

Var. iiiajor. Leaves larger, ofteu 1 iu. loug ; flowers larger. — P. stenopetala, Y. Muell.
Fragm. iii. 00. Point Henry, Oldfield.

8. P. ledifolia, A. Cunn. in Field, N.S. Wales, 351. A slender and
apparently a low shrub, the tomentum of the younger branches white and very
close, and soon disappearing. Leaves narrow-oblong, obtnse, mostly about \
in. long, coriaceous, quite entire, glabrous above, the margins sbghtly re-
curved, white underneath, with the midrib alone prominent. Fiowers few,
in little loose shortly pedunculate cymes in the upper axils. Buds ovoid,
about 1 line long, silky-hairy. Calyx-tube exceedingly short. Petals narrow,
slightly concave. Styles rather short, free almost to the base. Ovary very
hairy. Capsule obovoid, nearly glabrous, fuUy 1 line long, the free part much
longer than the adnate tnbe, very obtuse and depressed or umbilicate at the
top. Cocci opening by the separation of the whole inner face, which often
splits also along the centre. — Trymalimti heUauthemifolium, Keissek, in Linnaea,
xxix. 271.

N. S. TVales. Rocky hills near Cox's river, A. Cuiininghani.

Victoria. Avon river, Gipps' Land, F. Mueller (only seeu in fruit).

Var. (?) anffustifolia. Leaves narrower, sprinkled on the upper side with stcllate hairs. —
!Macalister river, F. Mneller. The foliage in some measure conies near to that of P. phi/lici-
folia, but the capsule is that of P. ledifolia. Flowers not seen.

9. P. apetala, Labill. Pl. Nov. Holl. i. 62, ^. 87. A shrub of 3 to 6
feet, the stellate tomentum of the young branches and imder side of the leaves
usually dense, but close, sometimes however loose and floccose. Leaves petio-
late, ovate-lanceolate or broadly oblong, obtuse or rarely acute, 2 to 4 in.
long, irregularly crenulate, glabrous, but rough and much wrinkled on the
upper side, the principal veins veiy prominent underneath. Flowers small
and very numerous, iu loose oblong thyrsoid panicles, leafy at the base. Buds
ovoid or nearly globular. Calyx l^ lines long, with stellate hairs, the tube
veiy short. Petals none. Anthers tipped by a small gland. Styles divided
to the middle, with club-shaped almost capitate stigraas. Capsule obtuse,

2 E 2

420 XXXVI. RHAMNE^. [Fomaderris.

witli a few stellate hairs; cocci opening witli a short valve, as in P. elUptica.
— Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 77 ; F. Muell. Fragm. iii. 73 ; P. aspera, Sieb. in
1)C. Prod. ii. 33; A. DC. Pl. llar. Jard. Gen. 5^ Not. 18, t, 4.

N. S. Wales. Nepean river, Jt. Broioi ; Port Jackson, Sieber, n. 211, aiid other.s;
abuiidaiit in open forest-lands soutli of the colony, A. Cunninyham ; Twofold Bay, F,
Maeller.

Victoria. King's Island and Port Phillip, R. Brown ; extendiug over thc sonthern aiid
eastorn Jistricts of the coloiiy, F. Miieller.

Tasmania. Abundant throufihout the island, /. D. Hooker.

S. Australia. Kangaroo Islaud, Waierhouse ; speciraeus in lcaf only, and therefore
doubtful.

The species varies much in the qnantity of stcllate tomentum, and also in the size of the
flovvers, but does not appcar to be scparable into distinct varieties.

10. P. cinerea, Benth. A tall slirub, with ntimerous slender branclies,
hoary with a miiuite tomentum. Stipules filitbrm. Lcaves ovate or ellip-
tical, obtuse or scarcely acute, 1 to nearly 2 in. long, quite entire, hoary above
and white underneath with a close minute tome;itum, tlie primary veins pro-
minent underneath, but not impiessed above. Cymes loose, many-flowercd,
in terraiiial leafy panicles. IJracts narrow, falling otf very early, as in the
rest of the genus. Buds small, globulilr, white-toinentosc, iiot yet qidte opeu
in the specimens seen. Calyx-tube exccedingly short. Petals none.

N. S. Wales. Mouut Imlay, Twofold Bay, F. Mueller.

11. P. prunifolia, A. Ctnin. ; Tenzl, in llueg. Enum. 22. Stellate
toinentura of the branches and under side of the leaves dense and white, or
sometimes ferruginous. Leaves ovate or oblong, obtuse or mucronate, seldoin
above \\ in. long, wrinkled, and often scabroiis above, with short, siinple or
stellate hairs. Flowers smalland numerous, in many-flowered compact cymes,
arranged in thyrsoid terminal panicles as in P. ligustrina. Calyx obovoid,
about 1 line loiig, the tube turbiiiate, the stellate tomentum usually conceah'd
by long silky hairs. Petals none. Styles cleft nearly to the base. Capsule
about 1 line diameter, hirsute, obtuse, oiily slightly protruding frora the ad-
nate tube of the calyx. — F. Muell. Fragm. iii, 75.

N. S. VTales. Near Liverpool, A. Cunninghavi ; Paraniatta, Woolls. In soine her-
baria C'niiiiiiiiihain's hdids of this and P. betuliiia are intrrchaiiged.

Victoria. Genoa rivcr and coast near Snovvy River, F. Mueller. (Leaves alinost sinooth
above. Capsule rather more proininent.)

12. P. ligustrina, Sieh. in BC. Prod. ii. 34. Branches slender, the
toinentum soft and rust-coloured. Lcaves Lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 1
to 2 in. long, glabrons abovc, quite entire, rusty-tomentose or abnost woolly
underneath. Flowers sinall and numerous, in rather loose thyrsoid terminal
panich's. Calyx obovoid, scarcely above 1 line long, softly silky-hairy. Petals
none. Styles nsually divided to the middle, with chib-shaped stigmas. Cap-
sule about 1 line diameter, hirsute, rather obtuse, the exserted part about as
long as the adnate tube ; opercuhim of the cocci about lialf their length. —
F. kueU. Fragm. iii. 71.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, Sieb. n. 212, and Fl. Mixt. n. 54-i, and others; Blue
MoHiitaiiis, ,/. Ciniiiiiif/ham ; north\vai"d to Hastings river, Beckler ; southvvard to Twofold
Bay, F. Mueller.

Pomaderris.] xxxvi. khamne.e. 421

13. P. betulina, J. Cinin. in Bot. Mag. t. 3212. A slcnder slirub or
small tree, witli elongated brauclies. Tomentum of the youtig branches and
under side of tlie leaves often rust-colom-ed and usually close. Leaves ob-
long or obovate, obtuse, seldora above 1 in. long. Flowers nearly sessile, in
dense globular heads, either solitary or more frequently two or three together,
ou short axilhuy or termiiial peduncles. Bracts more persistent than in most
species. Buds obovoid-globular. Calyx about 1 line long, densely clothed
with long silky hairs. Petals none. Style cleft to the niiddle with club-
shaped branches, stigmatic some Avay down. — F. JMuell. Fragm. iii. 76.

N. S. Wales. lu a water-gully at the base of tlie Pine Ridgc, Macquarie river,
A. Cnnninyham.

Victoria. Gravclly rocky banks of the Upper Gcuoa river, F. MueUer.

The foliage of this species is not unlike that of P. pnmifolia, but the iuflorescence is very
diffcreut.

14. P. obcordata, Fenzl, in ITueg. Eniivi. 23. A low much-branched
shrub, the young branches hoary with a minute tomentum. Leaves cuneate,
obcordate, or broadly 2-lobed at the top, with rounded entire or crenate lobes,
rarely above ^ in. long, and often much less, much contracted at the base,
the margins usually recurved, pale-coloured, but glabrous above, much whiter
underneath \\ath a minute close tomentum. Flowers in loose cvmes, forminw
siuall terminal corymbs, of about \ in. diameter or rather more. Bracts rather
Jarge, but very deciduous, as in other species. Calyx fiUly 1 line long, sliglitlv
hoary. Petals none, in our speciniens. Stamens long, with oblong anthers.
Disk slightly prominent. Style 3-cleft to the middle. Fruit obovoid, nearly 2
lines long, the exserted part stellate-tomentose and rather longer than the adnate
base. Cocci slightly wrinkled on the inner face, indehiscent or opening by
the whole inner face, or sometimes iu two valves. — Trymalium hilobatum, F.
Muell., Reissek, in Liunrea, xxix. 279 ; T. biauritmn, Keissek, and Muell. L c.
281 ; Pomaderris hiaurita, F. Muell. Fragra. iii. 73, and Pl. Yict. ii. t. 22.

S. Australia. Memory Cove, U. Brown ; dry hiUs ou the Glenelg and thence to
Guichen Bay, F. Mueller ; Fort L'ucoln, Wilhelmi ; Spencer's Gulf, Warburton.

"W. Australia. King George's Sound, M'Lean.

This species in some measure connects Pomaderris with Trymalium , but both the in-
florescence anJ tlowers are much morc those of the former genus than of 'Frymalium, espceially
if they are really apetalous, as I find them iu all tlie spccimens I havc examined, although
Reissek dcscribes broadly hood-shaped petals with slender claws.

15. P. racemosa, Hook. Journ. Bot. i. 256. A small much-branched
shrub, the steius and under side of the leaves covered with steHate tonu-ntum,
sometiraes short and close, but often copious or loose and floccose, white or of
a deep rust-colour. Leaves sraall, seldom exceeding an inch, and often not
above \ in., from broadly ovate to oblong or obovate, obtnse, entire or irre-
guhirly crenate. Flowers on very sliort pedicels, and generally few in each
cyme, of which 3 to 6 form short compound raceraes in the upper axils, and
sometiraes the whole inflorescence reduced to 5 or 6 flowers. Buds globular.
Calyx 1 to l^ lines long, with stellate hairs. Petals none. Style clcft to the
middle, with club-shaped branches stigraatic some way down. — Hook. f. Fl.
Tasiu. i. 77; F. Muell. Fragra. iii. 75.

N. S. Vrales. Desert of the Darling and Murray, F. Mucller. (I have not seen these
speeimens.)

422 XXXVI, RHAMNEiE. [Pumaderris.

Victoria. Port Phillip, R. Brown ; on Ihe coast from \Vilson's Promontory to the
Wiirray, liuchan river in Gipps' Land and in the Murray desert, F. Mueller.

Tasmania. N. coast about the luouth of the Taniar, Lawrence, Gunn, C. Stuart.

S. Australia. Memory Cove, R. Brown ; from the Murray river to Spencer's Gulf
and iuland to Lake Torrens, jP. MiieUer.

The speeies is very variable, the following being the three principal fonns observed : —

a. Leaves very seabrous on the ujjper surface and rather large ; llowers rather large and
numerous. — P. oraria, Y. Muell. and Reissek, in Linna-a, xxix. 268.

b. Leaves qiiite glabrous above ; liowers rather large aud few.

c. Leaves slightly stellate-downy above ; flowers suiall and usually numerous. — P. pani-
culosa, F. MueU. and Reissek, in Linnsea, xxix. 269.

16. P. subrepanda, T. Muell., Reissek, in LimKea, xxix. 267. Branches
slender, tbe tomeutum of the voung ones and under side of the leaves close,
steUate, and white or rust-coloured. Leaves oval or obloug, seldom 1 in.
long- and usually | lo f in., entire or slightly and irregularly toothed, gla-
brous above with impressed veins. Cymes few-flowered, ofteu reduced to 1
or 2 flowers, in short loose thyrsoid compound racemes iu the upper axils,
formiug oblong leafy terminal pauicles. Buds globular. Calyx stcUate-
tomentose, about 1 line long, the tube very short. Petals none. Ovarv very
villous. Styles short, with almost capitate stigmas. Capsule ovoid, scarcely
1 liue long, the free part longer than the adhereut base. Cocci membranous,
opening by a longitudinal slit, or at length by uearly the wliole inuer face. —
F. Muell. Fragra. iii. 7^.

Victoria. Yarra Yarra river and Forest Creek, F. Mueller. The foliage is very neariy
that of some specimeus of P. jjrunifoHa, but the flowers and fruit are quite distinct.

17. P. elachophylla, F. Muell. Fragm. ii. 131. «i,A tall shnib, with
numerous sleuder divaricate branches, rather loosely steUate-tomentose.
Leaves broadly obovate, very obtuse, rarely \ in. loug, aud ofteu under 2
lines, eutire, glabrous above or sprinkled with a few miuute stellate haii-s, white-
toraentose uuderncath. Cyraes few-flowered or reduced to 1 or 2 flowers iu
the uppcr axils of the smaller branohcs, formiug loose leafy raceraes or uarrow
thyrsoid pauicles. Buds globular. Calyx stelhite-toraentose, about f line
loug, thc tube very short. Petals noue. Styles short, ckib-shaped. Young
capside hairy, the free part much louger than the adnate calyx-tube.

Victoria. On the river Tyers, an affluent of the Latrobe river, F. Mueller ; Upper
Yarra river, E. B. Heync.

18. P. phylicifolia, Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 120. A heath-like shrub
with numerous ercct branches, dcusely villous or rarely ouly stehate-downy.
Leaves liucar or narrow-oblong, nearly sessile, seklom above | in. loug, the
margins usually nuich revolute so as ofteu to conceal the under siiri'ace,
which bears a close white tomeutum, whilst the npper side is more or
less scabrous with short simple or steUate hairs ; more rarely the leaves are
broader and nearly flat. Plowers small aud few, in little loose cyraes iu the
upper axUs, scarccly longer than tlie leaves, but very abuudant along the
sraaller branchcs, and the upper oncs formiug thyrsoidleafy panicles. Calyx
globular, densely pubesccnt or villous, scarcely 1 liue diametcr. Petals none,
CapsiUe ovoid, hirsute, about 1 linc loug, scarcely obtuse, the free part longer
than the adnate base. Cocci merabranous, opeuing by the whole inner face.
— DC. Prod. ii. 34 ; P. ericifolia, Hook. Joiuii. Bot. i. 257 ; Hook. f. Fl.

Pomaderris.] xxxvi. rhamne^. 423

Tasm. i. 78 ; Keissek, in Linnsea, xxix. 270 ; F. poUfolla, Reissek, in Linnsea,
xxix. 269.

Victoria. Banks of subalpine streams under tlie Australian Alps, desceudiug into the
plains of Gipps' Laiid oa the liume and Murray rivers, F. Mueller.

Tasmania. Mersey river, Gimn ; St. Paurs river, C. Staart.

Foiind also abundantly ia the northeru island of Nevv Zealand. Some specimens of P.
ledifolia come near to this species in habit, but they may be readily ivuown whea iu flower
by the petals, aud ia fruit by the very truncate or depressed apex of the capside.

Var. latifolia. Leaves oblong, ^ to 1 in. long, the margins scarcely revolute. — Geuoa
river in Victoria, F. Mueller.

8. TRYMALIUM, Fenzl.

Calyx-tube entirely adnate to tlie ovaiy, tlie liinb divided to tlie base into
5 lobes, usually deciduous or spreadiiig. Petals 5, liood-shaped, entire or 3-
lobed, but not usually enclosing the anthers. Stamens 5, the filaments
rather short, incm'ved, witli small, ovoid anthers. Disk annubr or divided
into 5 glands, surroundiug the ovary at the base of the calyx-lobes. Ovaiy
half-inferior or ahnost entirely inferior, 3- or rarely 2-celled. Style 3-cleft or
rarely 2-cleft at the top or to the middle. Capsule protruding above the ad-
nate calyx-tube or rarely on a level with it, the endocarp separating into
crustaceous or rarely membranous cocci, indehiscent or open internally in 2
valves. Seeds of Pomaderris. — Shrubs, with the habit and deciduous sti-
pules and bracts of Pomaderris, but with smaller fiowers and a more slender
inflorescence, the panicles usuaily narrow, or the cymes few-ilowered. Flowers
always pedicellate.

The species are all confined to West Australia.

Pauicles or racemes elongated, terminal, or longer than the leaves.
Leaves ovate or broadly oblong, fiat.

Leaves hoary oa the upper side with a minute tomentum . . . \. T. aJbicans.

Leaves glabrous above, or hirsute 2. T. Billardieri.

Leaves linear-oblong or linear, the margins revoliite 3. ^. ledifolium.

Cymes few-flowered, shorter than or scarcely exceeding the leaves.
Leaves Linear. Ovary 3-celled.

Petals entire 3. 7! JedifoHum.

Petals 3-iobed 4. T. a»f/HStifntium.

Leaves cuneate, hoary on both sides. Ovary 2-ceiled . . . . h. T. Wichura.

1. T. albicans, Reissek, in Pl. Preiss. ii. 280. Apparently a tall shrub,
the branches white or hoary with a close stellate tomentum. Lcaves broadly
ovate or obovate, very obtuse, 1 to 2 in. long, soft and more or less hoary on
the upper side, white underneath with a minute down. Flowers in thyrsoid
terminal panicles, larger and fewer than in T. Billardieri. Calyx fully 1 line
long, white with a close tomentum. Capsule very obtuse, l^ lines in dia-
meter, the broad stellately pubescent exserted portion as long as the turbinate
adnate base ; cocci cmstaceous, muricate or wrinkled on the inner face, ap-
parently indehisccnt. — Pomaderris aVncans, Steud. in PI. Preiss. i. 184.

W. Australia, Swan River, Drummond, Wi CoJl. n. 229 ; sides of Mount Eliza,
Preiss, n. 16S9.

2. T. Billardieri, Fenzl, in Ilueg. Em/m. 2.5. A tall shrub, the young
branches hoary with stellate hairs and often villous with simjjlc oues. Leaves

434 XXXVI. RHAMNE^, [Trymalum.

sometiraes broadly ovate or obovate, verv obtuse, 1 to 2 in. long, sometimes
ovate or ovate-Ianceolate, more or less acuminate, 2 to 3 in. lona;, entire or
with a few coarse crenatures, ^labrous or pubescent above, white or hoary, or,
in the hirsute variety, villous underneath. Flowcrs numcrous, iu loose nar-
row terminal panicles, sometinies abnost racemitbrm and 3 to 3 in. long,
more frequently forming compound leafy panicles of ^ ft. or niore. Bracts
very small. Pedicels very slender. Calyx less than 1 line long, the tube
very short and densely pubescent. Capsule very obtuse, stellate-pubescent,
the broad exseiied portion longer than the adnate tube ; cocci indehiscent,
the inner face very rugose. — Reissek, in Pl. Preiss. ii. 282 ; Ceanolhas spa-
thulatns, Labill. Pl. Nov. Holl. i. 60, t. 84 ; Pomaderris spathulata, G. Don,
Gen. Syst. ii. 38; T. floribundiim, Steud. in Pl. Preiss. i. 185.

\l^. Australia. Swan River, Drummojid ; in stou}' rocky places, Preiss, n. 1680;
King George's Sound, R. Brown and others; Harvey aud Blackwood rivers, Oldjidd ;
Mount Manypeak river, Ma.rwell.

Var. hirsidiim, Reissek, in Pl. Preiss. ii. 282. Branches, aud oftcn the leaves also, hir-
sute and scarceiy white underneath. Sonie specimens have so different an aspect from the
typical forin that they seeni to indicate a distinct species, but the two are conuected by nu-
merous intermediates. — T. e.rpansum, Steud. in Pl. Preiss. i. 185. King George's Sound,
Broivn; Kalgan river, Oldfeld; Todyay vallcy, Victoria district, Preiss, n. 1G83 {JJl>.
R. Brown, Sonder, F. Muell).

3. T. ledifolium, Tenzl, in Ilueg. Enum. 24. A low shrub, with slen-
der branches, with a sHglit steUate tomentum. Leaves linear or sometimes
linear-hiuceolate or oblong, from | to 1 in. long, the margins more or less
revolute, glabrous above, lioary or sometimes very white underneath, with a
very prominent mi(h-ib. Panicles slender and raceme-bke, usually 1 to 2 in.
long and tenuinal, but sometimes scarcely longer tlian the leaves and on short
lateral shoots so as to appear latertil, the rhachis slightly tomentose. Bracts
small and very deciduous. Buds globidar. Calyx little more than ^ line
long, usually veiy tomentose or pubescent, cspecially the tube, and the ovary
and disk pubescent, but sometimes the Wtole flower quite glabrous. Style
short. Capsule ovoid, truucate at the top, in the normal form not projecting
beyond the adnate calyx-tube, and usually crowned by the persistent calyx-
lobes. Cocci crustaceous, much wrinkled on the iuner face. — Reissek, iu Pl.
Preiss. ii. 282.

W. Australia. King George's Sound, R. Brown ; Swan Rivcr, Brummond, \st ColL,
Oldjield; Blackwood and Vasse rivers aud Darling range, Oldfield.

Var. rosmarinifolium. Leaves usually narrow and inuch revolute ; capsule protruding
cousiderably beyond the aduatc caly.\-"tube. — Pomaderris rosmarinifolia, Steud. in Pl.
Preiss. i. 184 ; Cryptandrajlorilmnda, Steud. 1. c. 180 ; C.glaucophylla, Steud. l. c. i. 187 ;
Trymalium rosmannifolium, Reissek, iu Pl. Preiss. ii. 283. — Swan River, Drummond, Preiss,
91. 1674, 1075, aud 1084.

Var. daphnifoliayn. Leaves rather short, oblong, the margins less revolute than in the nor-
mal fonn; capsule prolrudiug considerably beyond the adnate calyx-tube. — T. daphnifolium,
Reissek, in Pl. Preiss. ii. 283.— Swau River, Brummond, Uh Coll. n. 237 ; between Perth
and King George's Sound, Ilarvny.

Var. (?) obovatum. Leaves obovate or obovate-oblong, flat. — Rocks at Todyay, Oldfield.
The specimens are small aud in bud only, the petals appear to be broader than usual.

Cryptandra anomala, Steud. in Pl. Preiss. i. 187, ajjpears also to be a variety of T. ledi-
folium.

4. T, angustifoliuxn, Eeissek, iu Pl. Prelss. ii, 384. An apparcntly

IVi/maliuiii.] xxxvi. rhamne^. 425

low beath-like slirub, with erect tvviggy branches, hoary with short stiff hairs.
Leaves biiear, mostly 3 to 4 lines long, the margins much revohite, hispid
with stiff hairs, hoary or silky underneath. Flowers very small, in axillary
cymes, forming- short, dense, terminal, raceme-like leafy panicles of |^ to 1 in.
Eracts minute. Pedicels short. Calyx-tube vcry bairy. Petals rather shorter
than the calyx-lobes, wilh a lateral concave lobe on each side almost as large
as the central one, and contracted below the lobes into a short claw. Disk
anrmlar. Capsule l^ to l^ lines diameter, globular, very hispid and acumi-
nate with tlie persistent base of the style. Cocci almost membranous, appa-
rently indehiscent.

W. Australia. Swan River, Dmmmond, \st Coll.

5. T. Wichurae, Nees ; Reissek, in Pl. Preiss. ii. 281. A much-
branched slender shrub, the young branches and both sides of the leaves
hoary with a miiiute close tomentum. Leaves obovate-cuneate or spathulate,
very obtuse or rarely emarginate, 2 to 4 lines long, much contracted at the
base. Flowers very small, 2 to 4 together in little terminal cymes. Calyx
about f line long, minutely hoary. J)isk prominent. Petals small, hood-
shaped, entire. Ovary 2-celled. Style minutely 2-!obed at the top. Capsule
obovoid, \\ lines long, the exserted portion very obtuse and shorter than the
adnate tube, splitting to tlie base into 2 valves, the 2 cocci opening in 2
valves.

W. Australia, Swan lliver, Brummond ; between Perth aiid King George's Sound,
Harvey ; King George's Souud, "\Yilson's Rivcr, aud Hay Inlet, Maxwell.

9. SPYRIDIUM, Fenzl.

(Stenodiscns, Rcisselc.)

Calyx-tube entirely adnate or shortly free above the ovary, but not above
the disk, the limb divided to the disk into 5 usually persislent lobes. Petals
5, hood-shaped, usiuilly enclosing the anthers. Stamens 5 ; tilaments short ;
anthers small, ovoid. Disk anuular or divided into 5 glands, either close
round the ovary and filliug the calyx-tube, or liniug the calyx-tube when pro-
duced above the ovaiy. Ovary whoUy inferior, 3-ceIled. Style entire or mi-
nutely 3-toothed. Capsule ericlosed in the calyx-tube and crowned by the
persistent lobes, 3-vaIved at the top, the endocarp separating into 3, some-
times reduced to 2 or 1, raembranous or rarely crustaceous cocci, either in-
dehiscent or opening inwards by a longitudinal slit. Seeds of Pomaderris.—
Shrubs, with the indumentum oi Pomaderris. Leaves usnally small. Sti-
pules scarious, brown, lanceolate, usually connate and persistent. ^ Flowers
sessile in heads or rarely solitary, surrounded by small, persistent, imbricate,
brown scarious bracts, the heads small, sessile, usually several together in a
compound head or in corymbose cymes, the outer heads in each having often a
floral leaf, either like the stem-Ieaves, or smaller and broader, on a longer peti-
ole and whiter, the hcad having the appearance of being inserted on the petiole.

The genus is entirely Australian and extratropical. It differs from Trymalium chiefly in
inUoresceuce aud habit, from Stenanthemum and Cryptandra iu the calyx-tubc uot produced
above the disk.

426 XXXVI, RHAMNE^, [Sjji/rUfium.

§1. Heads very small and few-flowered, sessile along ihe branches, wilh very minnte
bracfs. Leaves obcordate.

Leaves 2 to 5 lines loug, hoary on both sides \. S. tridentattim.

Leaves 1 to 2 liiies long, glabrous above, white underaeath , . 2. -S. divaricatum.

§ 2. Heads several-flowered in cymes or compound heads, usually with one or more floral
leaves. Leaves obovate, obcordate-ovate, or broadly oblony.
Disk annular, or of 5 glands close upou the ovary or nearly so,
Flower-heads in cymes, except in some of the last species,
where they are iu compound heads.
Leaves herbaceous, pubescent or glabrous above.

Leaves obovate, obcordate, or cuneate, mostly 2 to 3 lines

long, glabrous above, the veins not impressed . . . Z. S. serpyUaceum.
Leaves ovate, 3 to 6 lines or sometimes above 1 in. long,
hoary or softiy pubescent, or rarely glabrous above.
Disk very prominent, almost closing ovcr the ov.iry . , A. S. j^arvifulium.
Disk slightly promiQeut, of 5 distinct glands . . . . 5.5. spadiceum.
Leaves coriaceous, glabrous and smooth above when full-
grown.
Leaves mostly 1 to \\ in. long, ovate, on rather long pe-
tioles. Heads uumerous^ iu the cyme. Floral ieaves

rare. Plant generally canescent 6. 5. glohidosum.

Leaves mostly i to f in., on short petioles. Cymes
small, with 3 or 4 floral leaves. Tomentum rusty
or very white,
Leaves obovate or oblong, contracted at the base . . 1. S. obovatum.

Leaves ovate, obtuse at the base 8. 5. Gunnii.

Leaves rarely attainiug 1 in.

Leaves cuneate-obovate or spathulate, silky underneath , 9. S. spathulatum.
Leaves suiall, broad, much revolute, smooth above,
wooUy underueath.
Leaves orbicular or obovate. Flower-heads very

villous 10. S. Lawrencii.

Leaves broadly cordate. Flowcrs glabrous at the top . 11. S. cordatutn.
Leaves ovate or obovate, with raised rcticuiatious above,

silky underneath 12. S.phlehophyllum.

Disk liuing the calyx-tube above the ovary, with a thic-kened
annularmargin uuder the lobes. Flower-heads in compound
compact hcads. Leavcs under ^ iu.

Leaves obtuse at the base, often emarginate 13. S. coactilifolium.

Leaves obovate, narrowed at the base, folded lengthwise.

Flower-heads globulai* 14. <S. complicatum.

§ 3. Heads several-jlowered, in cymes or compound heads, usuaUy with o?ie or more
floral leaves. Leaves linear, linear-oblong, narrow-cuneate or 2-lobed, ihe margins usuaUj
revolute.

Flower-heads small, in cyraes. Disk of 5 distinct glands,
Leaves eutire.
Leaves glabrous above, silky underneath. Branches tomcntosc.

Cynies little branchcd 15. 5. wesiringiafolium.

Toinentum hoary, mixed with long hairs. Cymes much

branched 16. «S^. viUosum.

Tomentum hoary or white. Cymes small, few-headed . , . 17. S. pauciflorum,
riower-heads unitcd iuto one dense compound head.

Leaves shortly 2-lobed. Disk dividing into distinct glands,

Leaves cuneate, very pubescent ] 8. 5. haJrnaturinum.

Leaves lincar, minutely tomentose or glabrous .... 19. S. bifldum.
Leavcs entire. Disk undulate or eutire,

Calys glabrous, very small 24. <S. microcephalum.

Spyriditim.'] xxxvi. RiiAMNEiE. 427

Calyx tomentose or hirsute, at least tlie tube.

Stipules ou the young shoots hirge. Calyx 1 to l^ liues

long. Disk proniiueut, annular, close to the ovary.

Leaves tomentose or hoary on both sides, rarely gla-

brous above wheu olil 20. <S^. subochreatum.

Leaves glabrous above, vcry narrow 21. >S. oligocephaluin.

Stipules small. Calyx under 1 liue. Leaves usually gla-
brous above.
Floral leaves usually ovate, more petiolate than the stem-

leaves. Disk aunular, close on the ovary . . . 22. S. vexUliferum.
rioral leaves like the stem-k'aves. Disk lining the
calyx-tube with a thickened annular margin raised
above the ovary 2Z. S. eriocephalum.

§ 4. Flowers solitary or 3 toyether, earh with separate hracts. Disk lining the calyx-
tube, the thickened annular margin under the caly.r-lobes far above the ovary. Leaves
linear, the margins revolute (Stenodiscus, Reissek) . . . 25. 5. ulicinum.

1. S. tridentatum, j56'?^^//;. Branclies slender, wiiy, slightly pubescent.
Leaves obovate, obcordate, or triaiigidai', truncate or 3-toothed at the top,
narrowed at the base, 2 to 4 liues loiig, the margins not recurved, but the
lejif sometiines conduplicate as in S. complicatum or m SttnatUhemnm, usually
hoary on both sides with a minute close tomentum, or clothed with longer
appressed hairs underneath. Flowers very small, in sniall lateral heads, ses-
sile among a few floral leaves, tlie brown bracts narrow and much smaller
tlian in any other species. Calyx not 1 line long, hoary-tomentose. Disk
annular, close round the ovaiy. Capsule ovoid, nearly l^ lines long, crowned
by the calyx-Iobes. Cocci ahuost crustaceous, opening inwards in 2 valves.
— Cryptandra iridentata, Steud. in Pl. Preiss. i. 186 ; Eeissek, in Pl. Preiss.
ii. 2S9 ; Stenanthemimi tridentatum, Reisselc, iu LinuEea, xxix. 295.

TV. Australia. Svvan lliver, Preiss, n. 1216 aud 2421, Between Perth and King
Gcorge's Sound, Harvey ; Murchisou rivcr aud Champion Bay, Oldfield.

This spccies was placed by Reissek in Stenanthemitm, but the calyx has uot the slender
tube produced above thc disk aud ovary which characterizes that genus.

2. S. divaricatum, Benth. A low, divaricately-branched, often spines-
cent shrub, tlie branches nearly ghabrous, slender but rigid. Leaves in little
ckisters along the branches, 1 to 2 lines long, obcordate or obtusely 2-lobed,
narrowed at the base, the margins revolute, glabrous and smooth above, white
undenieath. Flowers very minute, 2 or 3 together in the clusters of leaves, with
small imbricate acuminate bracts. Calyx little more than ^ line loiig, the short
tube pubescent, the lobes glabrous. Disk annuhir, close round the ovary.

W. Australia. Dirk Hartog's Island, Miltie ; Murchison river, Oldfield.

3. S. serpyllaceum, ¥. Muell. Fragm. iii. 80. Branches numerous,
prostrate, slender and wiry, the young ones minutely tonientose, but soon
glabrous. Leaves obovate or obcorchite, very obtuse, 2 to 3 or rarely 4 to 5
lines long, the margins recurved, gkibrous or slightly tomentose above, Avith
tlie veins slightly impresscd, hoary or white underneath. Flowers in small
very compact heads, forming small leafy cymes, the imbricate brown bracts
ahnost as long as the calyx. Calyx about 1 line long, densely tomentose.
Disk slightly raised above the ovary, lining the short tube and forming a ring
under the lobes. Cocci membranous. — Cryptandra obcordata, Hook. f. Fl.
Tasm. i. 71 ; TrymaUum serpyllaceum, Eeissek, in Linnsea, xxix. 280.

428 XXXVI. KHAMNE.E. [Sjjyridiutn.

Victoria. Eiitrance of the Genoa river, F. Mueller.

Tasmania. Trap hills on the bauks of the Tainar, and abundaut on thc Asbestos hills,
Gunn, J. D. Huoker.

4. S. parvifolium, F. Muell. Fragm. iii. 79. Much-brariched and
rather sleiuler, with a deiise close tomentum or with a loose and more spread-
in^ pubescence, varying from hoary to a more or less nisty tint. Leaves
obovate or orbicular, veiy obtuse or emarginate, seldom in the ordinary forra
above ^ in. and often not above 3 lines long, the margins usually recurved,
soft and often hoaiy on the upper side, with the primary veins much im-
pressed, softly hoary underneath, with the veins prominent. Flowers closely
sessile in little heads, forming small dense terminal leafy cymes, and closely
surrounded by the short brown imbricate bracts. Calyx very hirsute, about
1 line long. Disk very prominent over the ovary, almost concealing it.
Capsule whoUy inferior. Cocci crustaceous, sHghtly rugose on the inner face,
indeliiscent or opening tardily in 2 valves. — Pomaderri» parvifulia, Hook.
Journ. Bot. i. 257 ; Schlecht. Linnfea, xx. 636 ; Cryptandra parvifolia, Hook.
f. FI. Tasra. i. 73; Trymalium parvifoUnm and T. Jiermatmioides, Reissek, in
Linnaja, xxix. 275.

N. S. Wales. Twofold Bay, F. Muellcr.

Victoria. Frequent in rocky, stony, and scrubby ])laces, F. Mueller. In IMitcheirs
coUectious uuder the name of T. majorancefoliam, Lindl., but not FeuzFs specics of that
name.

Tasmania. N. coast, banks of the Tainar, and islands of Bass's Straits, Gunn and othcrs.

5. Australia. Mouth of the Glenelg, AUitt ; extending to Barossa ranges and St.
Vincenfs Gulf, F. Mneller.

Var. molle. — Softly hairy all over. — Crijptandra mollis, Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 73. Flinders
Ishiud and Cape Barren Island, Gunn.

Var. hirsutissinnim, very hispid all over. — In the Grampians, Wilhelmi.

Var. grande, F. Muell. Luxuriant, the leaves often above 1 in. long, and cyines loose
and many-headed, thus assuining the aspect of 5. spadicenm, but with tiie proiniucut disk
of S. parvifolium. — Trymalium eupatorioides, Reissck, in Linutca, xxix. 270; Dandcuongin
Victoria, F. Mueller.

5. S. spadiceum, Benlh. Branches clothed with a soft but close often
rusty tomentuni, with more or less of soft spreading hairs. Leaves in tiie
original form from narrow-oblong to ncarly oval, obtuse, 1 to I5 in. long, or
\ in. on the lateral branches, softly and minutely pubescent above, white un-
derneath or the veins rusty. Flower-heads crowdcd in compact broad cymes,
usually shorter than the leaves. Brown bracts broad and numcrous. Calyx
scarcely 1 line long, the tube very hairy. Petal-claws slender. Style short.
Disk of distinct glands, alternating with the stamens and very slightly raised
above the ovary. Capsule nearly l^ lines long, crowned by the calyx-Iobes.
Cocci rather coriaceous, opening inside in 2 valves. — Trymalinm spadiceum,
Fenzl, in Hueg. Euum. 26; Reissek, in PI. Prciss. ii. 280; Fomaderris hir-
suta, Steud. in Pl. Preiss. i. 184 ; Trymalium thomasioides, Turcz. in BuU.
Mosc. 1858, i. 459.

VT. Australia. King George's Sound, Hurgel ; southern districts, Brummond, n.
231 ; i-ocky placcs at the back of Mount Clarence, Preiss, n. 1673 a, Oldjield.

Var. majorancefoVnun . A smaller plant. Leaves usually undcr \ in. long, rather more
coriaceous than in the ordiuary form, hoary on both sides vvith a close soft tomentum.
Flowcr-heads small, iii small compact cyincs. Disk separating iuto 5 glauds close to the

SpyriJinm.] xxxvi. rhamne^. 439

ovary. Cocci membranous. — Tri/maliitm majoraticefolhm, reuzl, in Hueg. Eiuim. 21 ;
Reissek, iu Pl. Preiss. ii. 281 ; Pomaderrls commixfa, Steud. iii Pl. Preiss. i. 184. Kiiig
Georae's Souud, R. Brou-n, aud others ; Mouut Clareuce, Preiss, n. 1673 b. Usually a
very markcd form, but some specimeus seem to pass into tlie larger variety.

Var. (?) calvescens, Reissek, iu Pl. Preiss. ii. 28. Leaves glabrous above, or nearly so,
usually small, of a tiriner consistencc, almost like those of S. obovatum aud S. Gunnii, but
the flowers are much smaller and the disk dilfereut. — Pomaderris snbretusa, Steud. in Pi.
Preiss. i. 183. — King George's Sound, R. Browa ; Mount Baldhead, Preiss, n. 1687 ;
Princess Royal Harbour, Maxwell.

The species, although sometimes approachiug S. parvifoHum in habit, is readily knowa
by the disk.

6. S. globulosum, Benlh. A tall slirub, with lavger leaves and more
of the appearance of a Poinaderris than niost Spijridia, generally hoary with
a minute very close tomentum. Leaves ovate, obovate or oblong-, very obtuse,
1 to 1|- or rarely 2 in. long, abuost coriaceous, ghibrous above, white or
hoary underneath, or rarely sbghtly rusty. Flower-heads nearly globuhu',
numerous iu dense corymbose cymes in the axils of the leaves and not nuich
exceeding them. Brown bracts pubescent, shorter thau the calyx. Calyx
pubescent or silky-villous, about 1 line long, broadly campanuhite. Disk of
5 distinct glands, close round the ovary. Capsule scarcely \\ Hnes long, the
pu1)escent convex summit sbghtly protruding from the calyx-tube, but covered
by the persistent segments. Cocci membrauous. — Ceanothim (jlohidonm, Labill.
Pl. Nov. Holl. i. 61, t. 85; Poinaderris (jlobulosa, G. Don, in Loud. Hort.
Brit. 84, and Gen. Syst. ii. 38 ; TrymaUum ylobulosum, Fenzl, in Hueg. Enum.
25 ; Eeissek, in Ph Preiss. ii. 279 ; Pomaderris polyantha and P. cEmula,
Steud. in Pl. Preiss. i. 182; P . phillyrecEfolia and P. pyrrhophyllu, Steud.
1. c. 183.

^V. Australia. Common about King George's Sound, LahiUardiere, R. Brown, and
otbers, and thence along the coast to Vasse river and Swan River, Brummond, Oldfield,
Preiss, n. 1676, 1677, 1678, 1679, 1681, 1690, and others.

7. S. obovatum, Benth, Apparently a low and much-branched shrub,
the steUatc tomentum usually somewliat rust-coloured. Leaves obovate or
oblong, very obtuse or sbghtly emarginate, seldom exceeding \ in., the mar-
giu recurved, firm and coriaceous, usuaUy smootii and shiniug above, with
the primary veins impressed, softly but closely tomentose underneath.
Plower-heads small, in terminal cymes, wilh 1 to 3 floral leaves. Bracts or-
bicular. Calyx 1 line long, the tube hairy, the lobes ghibrous or rarely hir-
sute. Petal-claws slender. Disk prominent, unduh^te, close round the ovary.
— Pomaderris (jhovata, Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. i. 277; Cryptandra obovata,
Hook. f. PL Tasm. i. 7-i ; Trymalium obovatum, Reissek, in Liuneea, xxix.
278.

Tasmania. Common on the east coast, Gunn and others. Some S. Australian broad-
leaved forius of S. vexUliferum appear to come very near to this species.

Var. vehdinum. Leaves minutely and softly tomentose on thc upper side. — Trymalium
vehdiiium, Reissek, in Linnrca, xxix. 276. — Tasmania, C. Shiart.

8. S. Gunnii, Benlh. Very near S. obovatum, and the leaves have the
same coriaceous texture, but they are rather larger, mostly above \ in. long and
more ovate or oval than obovate, glabrous or rarely tomentose aljove, densely
tomentose underneath. Cymes more developed, Avith 2, 3, or more floral

430 XXXVI. KHAMNE^. [Spyridiiim.

leaves. Flowers larger, tlie calyx usually l^ lines long, tomentose outside
and the disk scarcely prominent, Cocci coriaceous. — Cryptandra Gunnii,
Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i."73.

Tasmania. Bauks of the Franklin river, near Macquarie Harbour, Gunn. Referred
by F. Mueller to S. parvifolium, from which, however, it appears to me to differ cousider-
ably in flowers as well as in foliage.

9. S. spathulatum, F. Mite.U. Herb. Veiy much-branched, the steUate
tomentum close and often assuming a yellowish-golden tint. Leaves cuneatc-
obovate, 3 to 5 lines long, the margins thickcned but scarcely recurved, coria-
ceous, nearly glabrous above, the under surface hoary or yellowish with a more
or Jess silky and shining pubescence consisting of appressed haii"s. Flowers
very minute, in little dense lieads with a k^ify bract at their base, forming
short terminal cymes sometimes passing into racemes. Brown bracts minnte.
Calyx scarcely \ line long. Disk prominent, unduLate, close above the ovary.
Capsule near 2 lines long, the persistent bracts much enlarged. Cocci mem-
brauous or chartaceous, apparently indehiscent. — Trymaliurn spathulatum,
F. Muell. in Trans. Vict. Inst. 1855, 122 ; T.daphnoides, Ecissek, in Liunaea,
xxix. 278.

S. Australia. South coast, R. Browyi ; Lofty Ranges, F. Miieller ; foot of the ^Marble
raugo, Wilhelmi ; Kangaroo Island, Waterhouse.

TV. Australia? Uerb. Hooker, specimeus belicved to be from Drummond.

Var. viicrophyUnm. Leaves 2 to 3 liues long, usually silvery-white, bi-anches slender,
corymbose. — Kangaroo Island, Waterhouse.

10. S. Lawrencii, Be)dh. Low, much-branched, and prostrate or sid)-
ercct, the tomentum hoary or rusty on the young branches. Leaves nearly
orbicular, cordate, ovate or obcordate, very obtuse or emargiuate, rarely
above 2 lines long and often not more than 1 line, thickly coriaceous, the
margins much recurved, glabrous or nearly so above, densely tomentose or
woolly underneath. Cymes more or less leafy, very dense aud hairv, the
brown bracts pubescent outside. Calyx scarcely 1 liue long, very hairy.
Petals nearly sessile. Disk slightly prominent, immediately above the ovary.
Cocci crustaceous. — Cryptandra Laivrencii, Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 72 ; Try-
malium microphyllum, Reissek, in Linnsea, xxix. 273.

Tasmania. E. coast, Great Swan Port, BacUiouse ; St. Paurs river, Gumi, C. Stuart.

11. S. cordatum, Benth. Ap])arently low aud procumbent, much re-
sembling S. Lau-rencii. Leaves on rather long petioles, broadly cordate, very
obtuse or emarginate, 2 to 3 lines long, coriaceous, tomentose above wheu
young, at lcngth ghabrous, smooth and shining, the margins much recuiTed,
white or rusty-tomentose underneath. Flower-heads iu very compact compound
heads, 3 to 4 lines broad, witli 2 to 4 lioral leaves. Calyx scarcely f line
long, the tube loosely villous, the lobes nearly glabrous. I)isk little promi-
nent, and abuost concealed by tlie hairs of the top of the ovary, although in
fact inserted at a small distance above it. — Cryptandra cordata, Tm-cz. in
Cull. Mosc. 1858, i. 459.

W. Australia. Brummond, hth ColL, n. 230.

12. S. phlebophyllum, F. Muell. ILerb. Low, tortuous, and much-
branched, with a dense, close, somewhat rusty tomentum. Leaves ovate or

Spyridinm.l xxxvi. rhamne.e. 431

nearly orbicular, very obtuse or emarginate, 3 to 4 lines long or rarely more,
the margins thick and recurved, thickly coriaceous, glabrous above with raised
reticulations, which distinguish this species trom all others as yet known,
silky-tomentose underneath with short appressed hairs. Flower-heads very
small, in little dense cymes, usually with a small floral leaf. Brown bracts
pubescent. Calyx rarely above ^ line long, hairy. Disk annular, unduLite,
slightly prominent, close above the ovary. Cocci coriaceous. — Trymalium
pJdebophylhm, F. MuelL, Reissek, in Linna^a, xxix. 272.
S. Australia. Elders range, near Lake Torrens, F. Mueller.

13. S. coactilifolium, ReisseJc, in Zi^maa, xxix. 291. Young branches
rusty with a stellate tomentum mixed with spreading hairs. Leaves distinctly
petiolate, ovate or obovate, very obtuse or emarginate, mostly 3 to 5 lities
long, broad and obtuse at the base, flat on the edges, softly and densely
pubescent on both sides, the upper ones often white and ahnost woolly.
FJower-heads conibined into very compact compound heads, like those of
S. Lawreiicii, with several white woolly floral leaves. Calyx slendei', scarcely
1 line long, very hispid. Disk like that of S. Lawrencii, but the annular
niargin further removed above the ovary.

S. Australia. Encounter Bay, Whitaker, F. Mueller.

Var. hitegrifolium. Rather less tomentose, and the leaves not emarginate. — S. thymifo'
liuni, Reissek, in Linnfea, xxix. 289, and <S'. Stuartii, Reissek, L c .290. The brown or
black stipnlcs and bracts are present in all these, as well as iu ths original form, but are
smallcr and lcss conspicuous in the more scrubby and woolly speciineiis than in the more
luxuriant aud clongated oues. F. Mueller unites both these forms with *S'. ve.rilliferum, but
both ihe foliage and the disk appear to me to be quite different.

14. S. complicatum, F. Muell. Fragm. iii. 78. A rigid, divaricately-
branched shrub, allicd to S. coactiHfolium in the indumentiun and structure of
the flowers, with nearly the foliage of S. tridentatum, and of some Stenanthema.
Leaves nearly sessile, obovate or broadly cuneate, emarginate, with a short
recurved point, |- to f in. long, narrowed into a petiole, mostly folded length-
wise, rather thick, softly tomentose on both sides, especially undemeath, or
nearly ghibrous above. Flower-heads compound, nearly globular, sessile,
very dense, 3 to 6 lines diameter. Brown bracts very short. Calyx very
hirsute, about 1 line long. Disk annular, lining th.e calyx-tube to a consider-
able distance above the ovary. Capside globular or ovoid, Ij lines long;
cocci rather hard, opening in 2 valves.

'W. Australia. Dirk Hartog's Island, A. Cunningham ; Murchison river and Cham-
pion Eay, Oldfield.

15. S. westringisefolium, Benth. Stellate tomentum of the young
branches often mixed witii short simple pubescence. Leaves narrowly cuncate-
oblong, or almost oblong-Iinear, obtuse, above \ in. long, much narrowed at
the base, the margins recurved, glabrous or nearly so above, densely silky-
tomentose with almost appressed hairs underiieath. Flower-heads small, in
short leafy scarcely branched cymes, often with 1 or 2 floral leaves to each
head. Brown bracts ovate-acuminate or lanceolate, often pubescent. Diskof
5 distinct glands close above the ovary. — PomaJerris westrincjirpfolia, Steud.
in Pl. Preiss. i. 185 ; Tryimliuni westringiafolium, Eeissek, in Pl. Prciss. ii.
284.

433 XXXVI. RHAMNE.^. [Spyridium.

W. Australia. Limostone plaiiis, Arthur's Ilead, Prciss, n. 1680. The specinien
have seen is sinall aud iniperfect, but appears vcry distinct froni any othcr species. The
disk is that of S.spadiceinn, but tlie foliage aiul indumentuui are very dilTerent, aud its affi-
nity is more probable vvith the followiug species.

16. S. villosum, Benth. Tomentuni of the young branches hoary or
nisty, mixed with stitf spreading hairs. Leaves linear or linear-oblong, \ to
|- in. long, or shorter on the side branches, mostly wilh a short recurved
point, the margins much recurved, hoary withaminute tomentum orglabrons
above, more densely tonientose imderneath, and hispid with a few spreading
hairs on the midrib and margins. Flower-heads very dense, in shortly pe-
dunculate cymes, with one or two floral leaves. Brown bracts broad. Calyx
abont f line long, tonientose. Disk prominent, divided into distinct glauds
immediately above the ovary. Petals rather long. — Crijptundra viUosa, Turcz.
in Bull. Mosc. 18.58, i. 458.

W. Australia, Drummond, ^th Coll. n. 232.

17. S. pauciflorum, Benth. Young branches rusty-tomentose. Leaves
narrow-oblong, obtuse, mostly about \ in. long, the margins much rccurved,
ghibrous or minutely tomentose and hoaiy above, wliite underneath witli a
close steUate tomentum mixed with rainute simple hairs. Cymes very sinall,
consisting abnost of single heads, usually with a floral leaf. Calyx scarcely 7
linc long, tomentose. Disk of 5 minnte distinct glands close above tlie ovary.
Capsule nearly 1 bne long. Cocci membranous, opening inwards in 2 valves.
— Crijptandra paucijlora, Turcz. in Bull. Mosc. 1858, i. 458.

MT. Australia. Swan River, Brummond, 5l/i Coll. n. 233. Evidently allicd to tlie
last two spccics and may possibly prove to be a variety of one of them, but thc specimeus I
have seen appear too distinct to jiistify their union witUout further malerials.

18. S. halmaturinum, F. MueU. Herb. Low and erect, densely to-
raentose-villous with short spreading hairs, raixed with the closer stellate
tomentum. Leaves cuneate-oblong, about \ in. long, divided at tlie top into
2 short obtuse spreading lobes, the margins much recurved, green and villous
on both sides, or the under one more hoary. Flower-heads very dense, in
compact terminal cyraes. Brown bracts tomentose outside. Calyx nearly
1 line long, very hirsute. Petal-chnws slender. Disk of 5 distinct prominent
glands close above the ovary. — Tnjmalium halmaturinum, F. Muell., Eeissek,
in Linnfea, xxix. 283.

S. Australia. Sandy scrub, Kangaroo Island, E. G. Sealy, Waterhouse.

19. S. bifidum, T. MueU. Herb. A lowheath-like shrub, thc toraentum
close and stcllate. Leaves Hnear-cuneate, forked at the top, with 2 short obtuse
or hooked lobes, i to |- in. long, the margins much revohite, ghabrous above,
tomentose underneath. Flower-hcads in compact terminal compound heads,
\isually with 2 or 3 promineut and veiy tomentose floral leaves. Calyx about
1 line long, hirsute with white hairs. Pelals ckiwed. l^isk annuLnr, prorai-
nent, close above the ovary, at length separating into distinct glands. —
Trymalium bifidum, P. Muell., Peissek, in Linnasa, xxix. 282 ; T. steno-
fhyllum, Eeissek, 1. c.

S. Australia. Boston Point and Marble Range, Wilfielmi.

20. S. subochreatum, Reissek, in Linnaa, xxix. 287. A much-

Spyridiaiti.'] xxxvi. BHAMNEiE. 433

branched heatli-like shrub, the tomentum very close, stellate aud hoary.
Lcaves linear or liucar-obloug, obtuse, \ to ncarly ^ in. loug, the niargius
much revokite, stellate-tomcntosc on both sides, or bccoming at leugtti ghi-
broiis above, occasionally apjjearing perfectly so from the nuder side bciiig
concealed by the revolute margius. Stipvdcs hirge and conspicuous, especially
at the base of the young slioots, where they are often above 2 lines long.
Flower-heads in dense compouud termiiial heads, of \ to i in. diameter,
sessile aniongst the hist Icaves. the flcral leaves not very prominent. Flowers
considerably largerthan in S. vexiUifernm. Calyx 1 to 1|- lines long, hirsute
or tomentose. Petal-claws short. Disk annular, uncbdate, very pruminent,
but close above the ovary. Capside usually ripening a single niemlu'anous
coccus. — F. Muell. Fragm. iii. 82 ; Tnjvialiiim Hnbochreutum, F. Muell. iu
Traus. Vict. Inst. i. 122 ; T. Behrii, Reissek, in Linnsea, xxix. 27-J- ; T. polij-
cpphalinn, Turcz. in Bull. Mosc. 1858, i. 460.

N. S. Wales. Dcsert of the Darling and Murray, F. M/ieUer.

Victoria. Miirray scrub, F. Miieller.

S. Australia. S. coast, R Brown ; Boston Poiut, F. Mveller.

"W. Australia, Druinmond, hth Coll. Suppf. n. 91 (the sarne numbcr affixed also to
Stenanlliemwm huiuile). Phillips river and K. Moiiut Barren, Maxwetl. These wcstcru
speciinens are rather coarser and more tomentose, with larger leaves and flowers.

Trymatlum teurnpof/on, F. Muell. ; Reissek, in Linnsea, xxix. 274, lYom the Murray de-
sert, appears to he a slight variety, with smallcr, more glahrons leaves, and the hairs of the
calyx very white.

21. S. oligocephalum, Benth. Very near S. suhochreatmn aud may
be only a variety, dilfering from it chiefly in ihe leaves, like those of S.
vcxiUiferttm , perfectly glabrous above, or only slightly hoary when very
yonng, and usually much longer and narrower. Stipules rcmarkably large.
1^'lowers iu dense termiual couipound heads, sessile amougst tlic last leavcs.
Calyx about 1 line long, densely tomentose-hirsute. Disk annular, undu-
late, more prominent in some flowers thau in others, but always less so than
in S. mhochreatiim. — Trymalmm oliyocephalum , Tnrcz. in Bnll. Mosc. 1858,
i. 460.

TV. Australia. Cape Riche, Brummond, ^th Coll. n. 236.

22. S. vexilliferum, Reissel; in Linncca, xxix. 285. A low, straggliug,
heath-Iike shrub, with prostrate or suberect branches, not above a foot higii,
the close stellate tomentum rusty or lioary, the yoiuig shoots often somewiiat
glutinous. Leaves linear linear-obloug or lauceolate, obtuse, mostiy \ in.
loug, or in some specimens sliorter, the niargins much revolute, glabrous or
neariy so above, except tlie floral ones, tomentose underupath. Flower-heads
compounfl, ^ery compact, 2 to 3 lines diameter, usually pedunculate, with 1
or 2 petioLate ovate floral leaves, very white and tomentose ou both sides, or
rarely more like the caidine ones. Brown bracts very numerous. Caiyx luspid,
scarcely 1 line loug. Disk annular, close to the ovary. Petal-claws vcry
short. Fruiting calyx 2 lines long, with niembrauous cocci. — Cryptandra
vexillifera, Hook. Journ. Bot. i. 257 ; Hook. f. FI. Tasm. i. 71 ; Spyridinni
phylicoides, Eeissek, in Linnsea, xxix. 286 ; S. diffustnn, Reissek, 1. c. 288.

Vietoria. Deserts of the Miirray and Murrumbidgee, F. Mueller ; in thc Grampians,
Withetmi.
Tasmania. Port Dah"ymple, R. Brovm ; northcrn districts, Gimn.
VOL. I. 2 F

434 XXXVI. EiiAMNEiE. [Spyridium.

S. Australia. S. coast, R. Broivn; from fhc moutli of the IMurraj' to St. Viiicenfs
Gulf, F. Mueller.

Var. latifulium. More slender and apparently pi-ocumbent. Leaves oblong, sometimcs
ratlier broadly so, the margins much less recurved. Flower-heads small. — Victoria aud S.
Australia. Some specimens seem alraost to counect this form with S. ohovatum. F. Miicller
proposes lo cousider S. vexilVifcrum itself as a variety only of 8. eriocephalum ; but, bcsides
the floral leaves, in all the flowers I have cxamincd I have found thc disk much closcr upon
the ovary. It is possible, howcvcr, that this character may not be so constant as it has
appeared to be.

23. S. eriocephalum, Fenzl, iu Hneg. Entim. 24. An erect, spreading,
or prostrate heath-like shrub, with the young branclies steUate-tomcntose.
Leavcis linear, rigid, mostly with a short callous or often pnngent point, about
\ or rarely near \ in. long, the margins closely revohite, giabrons above, the
under side usually quite concealed. Flower-heads compound, 2 to 3 lines
diameter, sessile or shortly pedunculate, usually with 1 or 2 floral leavcs like
the cauline ones, but broader. Calyx scarcely 1 line long, hispid with whitc
hairs. Disk lining the calyx-tube and forming a ring at some distance above
the ovary. Petals chiwed. Capsule usually with only one perfect mcnibra-
nous coccus. — Cryptandra eriocepJtala, Hook. f. FL Tasm. i. 72 ; Spyridi.um
prostratimi, Eeissek, in LinUcea, xxix. 284 ; S. nticinattim, Eeissck, L c. 289
(with the leaves more frequently pungent).

N. S. 'Wales. Eurylean scrub, A. Cunningham.
Victoria. Descrt of the JMurray, F. MueUer.

Tasmania. Derwent river, R. Brown ; dry places above Hobarton and South Esk,
Gunn.

S. Australia. Arid places from the mouth of the Murray to Si)encer's Gulf, F. Mueller.

24. S. microcephalum, Benth. Apparently procumbent, much-
branched, and hcath-Hke, the young branchcs slender, with a niinute rusty
tomentum. Leaves linear, obtuse, with a minute callous point, mostly 2 to
3 lines long, the margins closely revohite, giabrous aljove, the tomentose
under side quite concealed. Flower-heads compound, conipact, scldom above
3 lines diameter, termhial or lateral, often with 1 or 2 prominent tomentose
floral leaves. Calyx less than 1 line long, giabrons. Disk unduhite, close
above the ovaiy. — Cryptandra microcephala, Turcz. in Biill. Mosc. 1858, i.
458.

"W. Australia, Drummond, 'oth Coll. n. 234.

25. S. ulicinum, Benth. Tall, much-branclicd, and heath-like, the to-
mentum hoary or rusty. Leaves crowded, linear or linear-oblong, obluse,
emarginatc or shortly bifid, mostly about ^ in. long, the margins revolutc, g)a-
brous above or hoary when yoniig, the undcr side hoaiy with a very close tomen-
tum. Flowers 1 to 3 together, closcly sessile amongst the last leaves of short
hiteral branchcs, the ccntral one enclosed in 3 or 4 brown imbricate bracts,
the lateral ones with 2 eacb. Calyx about 2|- lines long, silky-hairy, tlie
lobes nearly as long as thc fi'ee part of thc tube. Petals and stamcns at
the base of thc calyx-lobes, in tlie sinus of the disk, wiiich lincs the calyx-
tube and forms a thick undulating ring round the throat, at a considerable
distance above the ovary. — Cryptandra uUcina, Hook. Journ. Bot. i. 257 ;
Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 72; Stenodiscns ulicimis, Eeissek, in LiimBea, xxix.
296.

Sfiyridimn.'] xxxvi. kiiamne.e. 435

Tasmania. Common on the banks of the Derwent above New Norfollv and Lannceston,
also on fhe smnmit of iMoiuit Wellington, Giain. Although this difFcrs froni other Spyridia,
and approaches StomnfJiemum and Crjjpiandra in thc grcater length of the calyx-tube and
almost separate flowers, yet Ihe disk is as in Spi/ridiiim, and it appears better to consider it
an extreme form of that geuus than a monotypic genus as proposed by Reissek,

10. STENANTHEMUM, Eeissek.

Flowers sessile in heads, siivrouiided by small, persistent, imbncate browu
bracts. CaljTC-tube adherent at the base, free, slender, and often dcciduous
above the ovary and disk, 5-lobed at the top. Petals 5, hood-shaped, en-
closiug- the anthers and inserted with the staraens at the top of the calyx-tube.
Disk scarcely proiuinent, rouud the top of the ovary at tlie base of the
calyx-tube. Ovary whoUy inferior, 3-celled. Style entire or minutely 3-
toothed. Capsule euclosed in t]ie base of the calyx-tube, which is often
coutracted over it or deciduous ; the endocarp separating into 3 membranous
or crustaceous cocci opening in 2 valves. Seeds ofFomaderiis. — Shrubs, with
tlie habit of Spyridium. Flowers sessile, in heads, or in one species in a
cyme, surrounded by small, persisteut, imbricate brown bracts, and sometimes
with 1 or 2 floral leaves, as in SjJT/ridiim.

The genus is confined to Austraha. The floral characters arc those of Cryptandra, with
the inflorcsceuce of Spj/ridium.

Leaves obovate, obcordate, or broadly obloug.

Leaves rusty-tomentose undenieath \.S.pomaderroides.

Leaves densely silky underneath. Erect or ascending and much

branched %. S. leucopUractmn.

Leaves closely white-tomentose underneath. Stems prostrate . .3.5. pimeleoides.

Leaves lincar-cuneate, emarginate or toothed 4. 5. coronatum.

Leavcs narrow-linear, thc margins closely revolnte.

Flower-heads dense. Calyx tube narrow, vcry dcnsely hirsute . . 5. »S. Jiumile.

Flower-cymes loose. Calys tube short, loosely hirsute . . . . Q. S. WaterhoHsii.

1. S. pomaderroides, Reissek,in LinntBa, xxix. 295. Branches wiry,
elongated, above 1 ft. loug in our spccimens. Leaves distant, obovate or
oblong, obtuse or with a recurved point, often \ in. long or even more, nar-
rowed into a petiole, fohled lengthwise or concave, hoary or at length nearly
glabrous above, rusty or white-tomentose undenieath. Plower-heads 3 to 5
lines diameter, smTouuded by 2 pr 3 floral leaves. Browu bracts numerous,
ovate or obloug, uearly as loug as the flowers. Calyx 2|- lines long, silky-
tomentose outside, tubular but not very slender. Anthers obtuse. — Cryptan-
dra pomaderroides, Reissek, in Endl. Nov. Stirp. Dec. 29, and PI. Preiss. ii.
288 (frora the description) ; Cryptandra tridentata, (3 tomentosa, lleissek, 1. c.
289, and therefore included in StenantJiemum tridentatmn, lleissek, inLinna^a,
xxix. 295.

■W. Australia, Drmnmond, n. 212; jMurchison river, Oldfield.

2. S. leucophractum, Reissek, in Limma, xxix. 295. A low, erect or
ascending, vcry unich branched shrub, sometimes only a few inches, sometimes
several feet high, the young branchcs rusty-tomcutose. Leaves obovate or ob-
cordate, wilh a rccm"ved point, about \ in. long, folded lengthwiso and nar-
rowcd into a distiuct petiole, the upper surface white with a close soft to-

2 F 2 •

436 XXXVI. KHAMNEiE. [Stenanthemum.

inentinn, Ihe under softly pubescent or densely villous with appressed whitish
or rust-colourcd hairs. FloAver-heads rarely above 3 lines diameter, sur-
rounded by 2 or more floral leaves and several browu bracts. Flowers usuaUy
few. Calyx fully 2 lines long, slender and silky-hairy precisely as in S.piine-
leoides, but it does not appear to be so constricted nor to bi*eak olf so readily
above the ovary. — Cryptandra teucophracta, Schlecht. Linncea, xx. G^O.

Victoria. Murray dcsert, F. Mueller.

S. Australia. Sandy deserts and arid hills, from tlie Murray to Spencer's Gulf,
F. Mueller ; Kaugaroo Islaud, Walerliouse.

3. S. pimeleoides, Benth. Low, prostrate, and much-branched, the
young branclics loosely pubescent-tomcntose. Leaves obovate or ol)cordate,
mostly 2 to 3 liues long, flat or folded upwards, often undulate and the edges
very slightly recurved, glabrous or the upper ones hoary-tomentose on tlie
upper side, white underneath with a close steUate tomentum, usually mixed
with a few longer appressed soraetimes silky hairs, Flower-heads very dense,
•^ to ^ in. dianicter, with nuraerous irabricate brown bracts aud often 2 or 3
touieutose floral leaves. Calyx fully 2 lincs loug, very slender, hirsute out-
side with white hairs, after flowering constricted above the ovary and often
breaking ott" when the fruit ripens. Antlier-cells rather acute at the lower
end. — Cryptandra (StenocodonJ pimelcoides, Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 75, t. 12.

Tasiuania. East coast, at Great Swan Port, BackJiouse, C. Stuart ; Spring Bay, Gunn.
r. Muellcr (Fragru. iii. 77) refers tliis to 8. leucophraclnm, to which it is cerlainly very nearly
allied, hut it inust be cousidcred at least as a well-niarkcd varicty in its prostrate habit and
the much closcr tomcutuni, the adult leaves (except thc Horal ones) nearly glabrous.

4. S. coronatum, Reissek, in JAnncea, xxix. 295. Small and apparently
prostrate, the branches pubescent vvith scattcred steUate hairs. Leaves
euueate, emargiuate or 3-toothed, 3 to 4 lines long, usually folded lengthwise
and softly tomentose on both sides. Flower-heads 3 to 4 liucs diameter, ses-
sile amongst 2 to 4 floral leaves, the brown bracts very suiall aud narrow.
Calyx nearly 2 lines long, not so slcnder as in the other speeics, toraentose
outside. Anthcr-cells obtuse. — Cryptandra coronata, Eeissek, iu Pl. Preiss.
ii. 288.

W. Australia, Drummond, Ind Coll. n. 722.

5. S. humile, Bentk. Stems 2 or 3 iu. high, barc below, thc flower-
heads and leavcs closely crowded in the upper part. Leaves narrow-linear,
seldom \ in. long, the raargins closcly revolute, ncarly glabrous abovc, to-
mcntose aud with a few loug woolly hairs underneath. Ileads few-flowercd,
almost scssile amongst the leaves. Browu bracts very broad, obtuse or tlie
mich-ib endiug in a flue point. Calyx sleudcr, 2 lincs loug, densely hispid
witli loug white woolly hairs.

■W. Australia. Between Moore and Murcliison rivers, Brummond, n. 91 (ihe sanie
nuuiber as 8pi/ridium poli/cejdialum, but probably froiu a differeut set).

6. S. Waterhousii, Benth. An erect somewhat viscid shrub, the
branches slightly tomentose. Stipules linear-lanceolate. Leaves linear,
obtuse or with a recurved point, i to | in. long, the margins closely revolute,
glabrous above, slightly tomeutose imderneath. Flowers not numerous, in
rather loose lcafy termiual cymes, aud not so closely scssile as in the oiher

Stenanthemim.'] xxxvi. rhamnejE. 437

species, tlie floral leaves like those of the stem, or broader, flatter, and more to-
mentose. Brown bracts 3 under each flower, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate.
Calyx above 1 line long, the tube hirsute vvith spreading hairs, narrotv-turbi-
nate, produced above the disk as in other Stenanthema, but not so slender.
Disk undulate-lobed, shortly adnate to the calyx-tube, but at a considerable
distance from the lobes and the petals. Fruiting-.calyx 2 lines long. Cocci
coriaceous, indehiscent. — Spyridliim JFaterhousii, F. Muell. Fragm. iii. 83.
S. Australia. Kangaroo Island, Waterhouse.

11. CRYPTANDRA, Sm.

(Wichurea, Nees.)

Calyx-tube adherent at the base, free, campanulate or tubular and persis-
tent above the ovary and disk, 5-lobed at the top or to the middle. Petals
5, hood-shaped, enclosing the anthers and inserted with the stamens at the
top of the calyx-tube. Disk annular, or often scarcely prominent round the
top of the ovaiy, at the base of the calyx-tube. Ovary wholly inferior, or
slightly prominent in the calyx-tube, 3-celled. Style entire or minutely 3-
toothed. Capsule enclosed in the base of the persistent calyx-tube but often
partially free within it, the endocai-p or the whole capsule separating into 3
crustaceous or rarely membranous cocci usually opening inwards in 3 valves.
Seeds of Pomaderris. — Shrubs, mostly heath-like or thorny. Leaves small,
narrow, often chistered, rarely ovate and flat, often nearly cylindrical, the
under surface usually tomentose and whitish, but often concealed by the
closely revolute margins. Flowers sessile or shortly pedicellate, mostly sur-
rounded by persistent imbricate brown bracts, either distinct along the smaller
branches or clustered in terminal spikes or heads intermixed with leaves, never
in cymes.

A geaus confiued to Australia. Like tlie majority of Rhamnea, it is chiefly distinguished
by habit. The floral characters of the first sectiou are uearly those of Stenanthemum, of
the second scarcely distiuct from Discaria, those of C. gtatjrifiora almost as iu Spyridium.

Sect. 1. Cryptandra. — Uisk usuatty putjescent, continuous with the summit of the
ovary, either mictistinc/insJiabte from it or forming a stightty prominent ring round it.
nowers puhescent or hairy, closely sessile in ternunal or lateral heads.
Brovvn bracts acumiuate.
Calyx tubular.

lleads mauy-flowered. Calyx narrow. Ovary almost entirely

inferior 1. C ericifotia.

Heads few-flowered. Calyx rather broad. Free pai't of the

ovary longer than the adnate base 2. C. hispiduta.

Calyx very small, broadly caiupanulate. Flower-heads densely
globular.

Flower-heads termiual 3. C spyridioides.

llower-heads lateral 4. C. scoparia.

Flowers pubescent or hairy (cxccpt C. gtabriflora), sessile iii spikes
or short heads, or not crowded. Brown bracts obtuse, very much
shorter than the calyx-tube.
Calyx 1 line long or more, the tube longer than the lobes.

Calyx naiTOW, glabrous oulside at the base, tomeutose above.

Adnatc base of the ovary longcr than thc free top .... 5. C spinesaens.
Calyx broadly campanulatc or urceolate, tomeutose all ovcr.

Free part of the ovary louger thau the adnatc base .... 6. C amara.

438 XXXVI. RHAMNE^. [Ci-yptandra.

Calyx urceolate-globular, densely covered with wLite wool . . 7. C. lanosijlora.
Calyx-lobcs as long as the tube or longcr.

Calyx campanulate, usually 1 line loug or more, and glabrous

outside at the base 8. C. tomentom.

Calyx very open, under 1 line, tomentose all over 9. C. nutans.

Calyx glabrous, divided ahnost to the base 10. C. glahrijiora.

Flowers often large, pubescent or hairy (except C. glahrijlord), sessile.
Brown bracts broad, imbricate, covering the whole or a great
portion of the calyx-tube.

Leaves broadly ovate, liat, mostly \ in. long 15. C. buxifolia.

Leaves narrow and heath-like or minutc, the margins revolute.

Stems slender, prostrate. Calyx-lobes shorter than the tube . 11. C. alphia.
Stems rigid, divaiicate. Calyx small, glabrous, dividcd almost

to the base 10. C. glahrijlora.

Stems i'igid, divaricate. Calyx silliy-hairy, usually above 2 lines,
the lobes narrow, about equalling the tubc.

Leaves slender, about 1 line long 12. C. lencopogon.

Leaves sleuder, mostly 2 to 3 hnes long 13. C. propinqua.

Leaves miuute, obovoid, mostly 4 liue long 14. C. parvifulia.

riowers very small, pediccllate within the miuute bracts.

riowers pubesceut 16. C. pungens.

Flowcrs glabrous 17- C. mutila.

Sect. 2. 'Wicliurea. — Dish glahrous or villous, distinct from the ovary, usually ari'
nular. Calgx glahrous or very sliyhlly tomentose.
Leaves linear, with revolute mai'gius.

Calyx campauulate, dceply lobed. Disk and ovary glabrous . . 18. C. longistaviinea.

Calyx ovoid, uot 1 line loug. Disk glabrous. Summit of the

ovary villous 20. C. miliaris.

Calyx tubiilar, about 2 lines long. Disk villous. Summit of the

ovary glabrous 19. C. arhutijlora.

Leaves spathulate or linear-cuueate. Calyx tubular, about 2 hnes

long. Disk and ovary glabrous 21. C. nndiflora.

(C. anstralis, a naiue attributed to Sniith by Rocni. and Schult. Syst. iv. 372, is iuiaginary,
madc up of apart of Smith's generic character with the gcueric habitat. C. sputosa, A. Cunn.,
quoted by Dou under Solenantha {Hymenant hera) , is also imaginary ; Cuuuiugham, iu thc
place rcferrcd to, Ficld, N. S. "Wales, 352, gives no uame to the plaut.)

Section 1. Ceyptandra. — Disk usually pubesceut, coiitinuous witli tlio
siiramit of tlie ovary, either uudistinguishahle from it or foruiiug a sliglitly
prominent ring rouud it. Some of the hrst specics pass almost iuto Stenau-
themum.

1. C. ericifolia, Sm. in Trans. Llnn. Soc. x. 294, t. 18,/. 1. Branchcs
elongated aud twiggy, with few smaller branchlets, ahvays uiuuuned, more or
less pubesceut with simple appressed hairs. Leaves linear-terete or witli a
shghtly proniiuent midrib, 2 to 4 Hnes long, often chistered or crowded,
glabrous or pubesccnt with simple appress('d liairs. Flowers crowded iu little
termiual heads surrouuded by k^ify bracts, and eacli Hower by scveral imbri-
cate, acuminate, and ciliate brown bracts, ofteu haU" as loug as the calyx.
Calyx uarrow-campanuhite, about 2 lines long, silky-hairy outside, the lobes
short aud spreading. Ovary very small, shghtly projecting above the very
sliort aihiate part. Styh? pubescent at the base. Disk inconspicuous. Cocci
opeuiug iu 2 valves. — C. capitata, Siel). Ph Exs.

N. S. Wales. Moist htaths uear Syduey, R. Broivn, A, Cunningham, Sieher, n. 66'
aud othcis, but apparcutly not very common.

Cryptandra.'] xxxvi. rhamne^. 439

2. C. hispidula, ReisseJc, in Linncea, xxix. 294. Very near C. erici-
folia, biit tlie leaves are smaller and more frequently pubescent, the flowers
fewer, more silky, the calyx rather broader, ] ^ to 2 lines long when fuily out,
and the free part of the ovaiy within the calyx is much longer tlian the ad-
nate portion.

S. Australia. Encounter Bay and St. Vincenfs Gulf, F. Mueller, WkUtaker.

3. C. spyridioides, F. Mnell. Fragm. iii. 68. A low, much-branched'
divaricate shrub, rarely spinescent, the young branches minutely hoaiy-
Leaves oblong-linear, obtuse, 2 to 3 lines long, the margins revolute, green
and usually glabrous above, often hoary or whitish underneath with a minute
tomeutum. Flowers veiy small, in dense terminal globular heads. Brown
bracts fringed or ciliate, not half so long as the calyx. Calyx sill<y-pubescent,
about 1 liue long, the adnate base narrow, the tubc campanulate above the
ovary, the lobes rather shorter than the tube. Summit of the ovary much de-
pressed, thickened round the edge into an obscure disk.

W. Australia. ]\Iurchison river, Oldfield. Very closely allied to C. scoparia.

4. C. scoparia, Eeissek, in Pl. Preiss. ii. 288. A rigid shrub, the
branches in the original specimens virgate, heath-like, and seldom spinous, in
others divaricately branched and frequently spinescent, very slightly hoary
when yomig. Leaves linear, obtuse, 2 to 3 lines long, or in luxmiant speci-
mens rather acute and attaining 3 or 4 lines, the margins revolute so as to
bc almost terete, usually glabrous. "Flowers in dense globular clusters,
alraost sessile along the princi])al branches, and surrounded by a few short
floral leaves, or borne on very short leafy branches, often above 3 lines dia-
meter when fully out. Each flower sessile within 3 or 4 broad, brown, sca-
rious, ciliate or fringed, shortly pohited bracts, about half as long as the
calyx. Calyx when first open about ^ line long and silky-pubescent, when
fidiy out about 1 line long and nearly giabrous, or with a tuft of long hairs
on each lobe, broadly campanulate, the lobes longer than the tube. Summit
of the ovary much depressed, thickened round the edge into an obscure disk.

W. Australia. Swan Kiver, Brummond ; sandy woods near Perth, Prelss, n. 1215-
Var. microcephala. More brauched with numerous slender spiues. Flowers and heads
small. ^Murchison river, Oldfield.

5. C. spinescens, Sieh. in DC. Prod. ii. 38. Nearly allied to C. amara,
and with ncariy the same foliage, but the branches are usually more twiggy
and the spinous branchlets more densely crowded. Leaves usually linear or
linear-oblong, 3 or rarely 3 lines long, but occasionally small and obovatc.
Flowers smaller than in C. amara, and more distinctly although veiy shortly
pedicellate. Calyx li to 2 lines long, narrow-campanulate, the adnate base
glabrous and suddenly contracted into a little stipes about the length of the
imbricate brown bracts, the free part white-tomentose outside. Ovary almost
entirely inferior, the pubescent suramit slightly prominent above the adnate
part and obscurely grooved opposite the stamens, but without any distinct
disk. Capsnle oblong, l^ to 2 lines long, almost iucluded in the glabrous,
clongatcd, adnate base of the calyx-tube, shortly free in the upper part.
Cocci thiidv crustaceous. — C. pyramidalis, E. Br., Brongu. in Ann. Sc. Nat.
X. 373.

440 XXXVI. iiHAMNE.i;. {Cryptamlra.

N. S. 'Wales, About Port Jackson and on the Nepcan rivcr, R. Brnvm, Sirber, n. 68,
and Ft. Mi.r(. n. 691; N. ot' Bathurst, A. CunrdnyJiam ; Cabramatta, Tfoolls. This
is considered by F. ^Mneller (Fragm. iii. 67) as an abnormal state of C. amara, but I find
the characters constant in numcrous specimens from various collectors, both in flower and
fruit.

6. C. amara, Sm. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 295, t. 18, /. 2. A rigid,
wiry, decumbent or suberect, much-branclicd sbrub, the young branclies
minutely hoary with a close stellate down, the smaller ones often ending in
a line thorn. Leaves solitary or chistered, linear or linear-oblong, iisually 1
to 2 and rarely 3 lines long, obtuse or acute, rigid, glabrous or nearly so,
the margins usually recurved. Flowers almost sessile, sobtary within the
bracts, but usually several together, forming short leafy spikes or racemcs on
the smaller branches. Calyx at the time of flowering, 1 to \\ lines long,
campanulate, white outside with a close minute down, very shortly adnate
bv its obtuse base, the lobes usually shorter than the tube, the brown ira-
bricate bracts not exceeding thc adnate base and very obtnse. Ovary
densely piibeseent, included in thc tiibe, but adnate only below the michllc,
the disk not distinet. Fruiting calyx often 3 lines long, enclosing the caj)-
sule, which remains adherent at the base only or below thc middle. Cocci
crnstaceous. — IJC. Prod. ii. 38 ; F. Muell. Fragm. iii. 06 ; C. Sieberi, Fcnzl,
in Hueg. Enum. 23 ; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 74 ; C. campanulata, Schh'clit.
Linnaja, xx. 639 ; F. Muell. Fragm. iii. 67, partly ; C nervata, lleissek, in
Linmea, xxix. 291 ; C larrjijlora, F. Muell., Ecissek, in Linnsca, xxix. 292.

Queensland. Kenfs Lasoons, Leichhardt ; Mount Mitchell, Beckler.

IXr. S. "Wales. Port Jackson, R. Broion, Sieber, n. 67, and Fl. Mi.rt. n. 493 ; north-
vvard to Claren(;e River, Beckler, and New England, C. Stnart; \\\ the interior to the
I;a('ldan river, Fraser ; St. George's Range, A. Cunningliam ; Darlii g and Murray desert,
Uerb. F. Mneller.

Victoria. Arid hills and stony tracts, ascendiug into the Alps, F. Mueller.

Tasmania. North Esk river, Lawrence, Gunn, aud ollicrs.

S. Australia. Bctweeu the Mnrray aud St. Viuccnt's Gulf, Behr, F. Mueller.

Lidc)jeiideutly of the divcrsity iu the size of the flowers rcsultiug from agc, fhcrc appear
to be two distinct varicties witli large aud small tlowcrs, the calyx in thc lattcr usually
broader and morc decply lobed, both of them includcd among Sicber's spccimens ; the
southeru oncs bcloug chieliy to suuiUer-flowered varieties. Thcschavcusuallythcfreepart of
the ovary less promiueut, but iu Cuuuiugham aud Fraser's spccimens from the iutcrior the
ovary aud capside are vcry promineut, whilst the calyx is small aud much more loosciy ])u-
besccut than nsual. Some specimeus are remarkable for tbcir short, ahuost ovafe leaves.

7. C. lanosiflora, F. Mnell. Frarji». iii. 6.5. A divaricately-branched
shrul), of 1 to 2 it., the young branclies minutcly lioary, not spinescent
in our specimens. Leaves linear or linear-oblong, 1 to 3 lines long, thc
margins revohite, ghibrous. Flowers abnost sessile, few together at the ends
of thc branches, fonning sliort, h-afy, oblong or alniost globuhn' spikes. Calyx
globuhir, l^ to nearly 2 Hncs diameter, densely covcred with a very white
crisped wool, the lobes much shorter than thc tube, the brown imbricate
bracts very broad and obtusc, about half as long as the tube. Ovary very
short, almost wliolly inferior, tlie snmmit expantUxl into a pubescent sUghtly
uiidulate (Usk. Capsuh; raore than half snperior.

N. S. Wales. Muuutains of New Eiigland ou thc Sevcrn, C. Stuart ; Mouut Mitchdl,
towards the Clarcuce rivcs", Beckler.

Cryptandra!] xxxvi. khamne^. 441

8. C. tomentosa, Lindl. iu MitcJi. Three Exped. il. 178. Very much
branclied, but seklora tlioruy, the young branches tomeutose. Leaves linear
or oblong, obtuse or acute, 1 to 3 liues long or rarely more, the margins
recurved and frequeutly hoaiy underneath. Flowers usually 5 to 8 together,
chistered at the euds of the brauches, in short spikes or ahnost heads. Calyx
varying in size from about 1 to 1| lines, rather urceohnte thau carapauulate, the
lobes usually at least as long as the tube, very spreading when fuUy out, but
often couniveut agaiu after Howering, slightly tomentose outside, except at the
base. Ovary aud capsule nearly as iu C. amara, from which this species may
be generally distiuguished by its smaller leaves, by the whole plaut often
minutely hoary pubescent, by the tlowers more crowded in shorter heads,
aud by the deeper-Iobed calyx, glabrous outside at the base, aud only slightly
silky-tomentose on the lobes. — C. propinqua, Schleeht. Linnffia, xx. 638, uot
A. Cunu. ; C. erubescens, F. Muell., Eeissek, in Linnsea, xxix. 293 ; C.
Behriana, Keissek, 1. c. ; C. campannlala, F. ]\luell. Fragm. iii. 67, partly.

N. S. ^Vales. lu the iiiterior, Traser.

Victoria. Iii the Grampians, Mitchell, F.MueJler; ou the Murray and generaUy in
the N.W. iiiterior, Herb. F. Mueller.

S. Australia, Froni the Murray to Speueer's Gulf, F. Mueller.

S. divuricaia, IJeissek, in Pl. Preiss. ii. 286, froui MitchelFs early expeditions, must pro-
bahly also be referred to C. tomentosa. I have seeu uo authcnticaliy-uamed specimen, but
the only one of Mitcheli's collections answeriug to the character givcu scarccly ditfers frora
the commou forms of C. tomentosa.

9. C. nutans, Steud. in Pl. Preiss. i. 186. In habit and foliage this
species much rcsentbles C. tomentosa, but tlie flowers are diftVrent. Leaves
rarely above 2 lines long, pubescent or glabrous. Flowers small, crowded in
short terrainal spikes, or sometimes few and not so close. Brown bracts not one-
third the leugth of the calyx, and ofteu shortly acuminate. Calyx very broadly
campauulate, about 1 line loug or rather less, hoary or almost silky outside,
the lobes deep and very spreading. Free part of the ovary broader aud flatter
thau in C. tomentosa. Disk incouspicuous. — C. tomentosa, Reissek, in Pl.
Pi-eiss. ii. 286, uot of Lindl.

W. Australia. Swan Kiver, Lrummond, \st Coll. aud 2>id CoU. n. 246, Roe, etc. ;
sandy woods near the sea, Preiss, n. 2424 ; Champiou Bay, Oldjield.

Tar. (?) micraiLtha. Flowers about f linc long, or even less. — Swau River, Lrummond,
Roe, Harveij ; WilJiam river, Oldfield.

10. C. glabriflora, Benih. Brauches numerous, rather rigid, divari-
cate, often spinescent, glabrous or nearly so. Leaves liuear or oblong, obtuse,
1 or rarely 2 lines long, the margins revolute, glabrous. Flowers sessile and
clustered aloug tlie brauches, usually quite glabrous. Browu bracts broad,
imbricatc, covering the very short tube. Calyx very broadly campanulate, 1
to \\ luies loug, the lobes veiy spreading, reachiug almost to the ovary.
Ovary morc tlian half inferior, thickened iuto a broad disk at the top.

W. Australia. Murchison river, Oldfield. The habit of this spccies is entirely that
of Cryptandra, whilst the extrerae shortuess of the calys-tube abovc thc ovary or disk brings
it alraost into SpyridAum.

11. C. alpina, Hook. f. Ft. Tasm. i. 75, t. 12. A siuall prostrate
species, with numerous slender wiry branchcs, rarely extending above 6 in.,
with little hcath-like glabrous leaves, seldom more than 1 line long. Flowers

442 XXXVI. EHAMNE^. [Cryptandra .

raostly solitary at the ends of the branches. Brown bracts broad, irabricate,
obtuse or acute, the inner ones often nearly as loug as the calyx-tube.
Calyx broadly campanulate, tomentose outside, rather niore than 2 liues loug,
witii ovate-lanceolate lobes, rather shorter than the tube. Disk unduhite,
villous, scarcely distinct frora the summit of the ovary.

Tasmania. Ou tlic summits of the "Western Mountains, about 3800 ft. elevation, Gurm,
Archer,

12. C. leucopogon, Meisn., Relssek, in Tl. Preiss. ii. 287. Very
nearly allied to C. propinqua, and may prove to be a variety only, tlie flowers
aud bracts beiug sirailar in shape and relative proportions, but the sleuder
branches and sniall leaves are raore like those of C. alpim, except tliat the
steras are apparently erect, not prostrate. The ilowers are also rather smaller
than iu C.propinqua, and the calyx-lobes have longer silky hairs.

W. Australia. Sandy plains of the Gordon river, Preiss, n. 752. {Herb. Sond.)

13. C. propinqua, A. Cunn., Fenzl, in Hueg. Ennm. 23. A rigid,
divaricate, heath-Iike shrub, nearly glabrous. Leaves crowded or clustered
on the smaller branches, linear-terete, raostly 2 to 3 lincs long, and usually
aeute. Flowers 3 to 8 together at the ends of the brauches, and larger than
in niost species. Calyx varyiug from 2| to 3-0 liues loug, very silky-hairy
outside, the tube enclosed within the broad, brown, ciliate, irabrieate bracts,
the lobes narrow-lauceolate, fully as loug as the ttdje. Disk rouud the
ovary continuous with it, but proraincnt and oftcn nearly glabrous.

N. S. Wales. In tlie interior, A. Cnnmngham, Milchell ; between Balhurst Plains
auJ \Yelliugton Valley, Fraser ; N.W. branch of IIunter's Eivcr, .4. Cunningham ; Para-
niatta, IFooUs ; New Euglaud, ucar Tcutcrfield, C. Stuart.

'^&v.grandiflora. riowers excecding 3 liues in lcugth. — C. magniflora, F. Muell. Fragm.
iii. 65. — Sandy desert betwcen the Darling and Murray, Serb. F. Mueller. This variety
is also amongst Cunningham's plants, who had given it thc namc of C. speciosa, aud desig-
natcd the smaller variety by that ol propinqua, as bciug ncar thc largcr ouc. Unfortunatcly
this lalter name was thc ouly onc iu the Vicnua hcrbarium, aud was thus, although iuappro-
priatc, adopted by Fenzl for the specics, and has givcu rise to thc opiuion that some vai'iety
of the conunon C. amara was intended by it.

14. C. parvifolia, Turcz. in Bull. Mosc. 1858, i. 459. Erauches very
rigid, divarieate, the youug ones hoary with a raiuute stellate down, aud ap-
pearing at first sight deprived of all leaves excejit distaut clusters of minutc
stipules, amongst which however will generally be found 2 or 3 miiuitc ob-
ovatc to linear leaves, thick, very obtuse or with a minnte reeurved point, scldom
1 line loug, tlie raargius revolute. riowers solitary or 2 to 6 together, closely
sessile at the suraraits of thc branehes. Calyx about 3 liues loug, the tube
closely covered witli largc, brovvn, obtusc, imbricate bracts, the lauceolate
lobes silky outside and si^readiug. Summit of the ovary broad and deprcssed,
thickened round the raargin iuto a pubesceut disk.

^V. Australia, Brummond, 4eth Coll. n. 156.

15. C. buxifolia, Feml, in Iluerj. Enum. 23. Stems erect frora a woody
rhizorae, but little branched, hoary with a rainute stellate toraentnm. Leaves
ovate, obtuse or pointed, mostly about \ in. long, glabrous above, wlute
luiderneath, giving the plaut a very different aspect frora the rest of the
geuus. Flowers sessde, iu termiual lcafy heads. Calyx tubidar-campamdate,

Ci-yptandra.'] xxxvi. iiHAMNEiE. 443

nearly 3 lines long, hoary-tomentose outside, tlie tube nearly covered by tUe
brown imbricate bracts, tlie lobes short, narrow, and spreading. Ovary
scarcely prominent at the bottom of the tube, flat at the top, but without
any distinct disk.

N. S. Wales. Kocky hills on tlie meridian of Bathurst, on thc parallel of 30° 50' ;
Moimt Yougo on the route to Huuter's River, and Goulburn river, A. Ciamingham.

16. C. pungens, Stend. in Pl. Preiss. i. 187. Resembling in habit
C spinescens, thc numerous short branches terminating iu slender spines,
Leaves mostly fascicukte, 2 to 3 lines long, obtiise or with a slightly recurved
poiiit. Flowers small and numerous, on pedicels of \ to nearly 1 line long,
with miuute, imbricate, acuminate, brown bracts at their base, and not under
the calyx. Calyx about f line long, broadly campanuhate, the lobes fully as
long as the tube, softly pubescent outside. Free part of the ovary very broad
and flat, and slightly thickened on the edge into a villous disk. Fruiting
calyx more turbinate, above 1 line long, the pubescent capsule nearly as long
as the calyx-lobes. — C. liolostyla, Steud. in PL Preiss. i. 188.

'V(r. Australia. Swan River, Dnumnond ; sandy woods aud limestone hills near thc
sca, Freiss, n. 2J^22 and 2423 ; south-west coast, Baxter.

17. C. mutila, Nees, PieisseJc, in Pl. Preiss. ii. 289. A low heath-likc
shrub, with slcnder virgate almost spinescent branches, hoaiy with minute
stitt" hairs. Leaves linear, mostly ] i^ to 2 or scarcely 3 lines long, the
margins much revokite, glabrous or nearly so. Flowers in little sessile clusters
in the upper axils, forming short, dense, terminal or nearly terminal leafy ra-
cemes, each flower on a pedicel of 1 to l^ lines, within 3 or more rainute brown
bracts at the base of the pediceL Calyx about f line long, glabrous outside,
the lobes very spreading. Free part of the ovary broad and flat, the edge
thickened into a minute almost 5-lobed disk. Pruit not seen.

M^. Australia. Swan River, Brummond, 2nd Coll., n. 723 ; Freemantle, CoUie,
Ohljield; limcstouc hills near the sea, Preiss, n. 1217 aud 1229.

Section 2. WicHDiiEA, Nees (as a genus). — Disk glabrous or villous,
distinct from the ovary, usually annular and rather broatL Plowers usually
glabrous, except iu C. lomjistaminea, where they are slightly tomentose. The
characters of this section are very nearly those of Blscaria, especially in the
flower. It is however at once kuowu by the habit, alternate leaves, and
small fruits.

18. C. longistaminea, F. Muell. Pragm. iii. 64. A much-branched
unarmed shrub of 2 or 3 ft., the smaller branchcs minutely hoary-tomentosc.
Leaves ovate or oblong, obtuse, 1 to 2 liues long, the margins recurved or
revolute, glabrous above, minutely silky-tomentose underneath or almost gla-
brous. Flowers numerous, crowded on the smaller branches, but not quite
sessile. Brown bracts imbricate round the base of the calyx-tube. Calyx
about 2 lines long, minutely silky outside, divided below the middle into
spreading lobes. Petals on slender claws, at first enclosing the stamens,
but reflexed aftcr the calyx opens, leaving the stamens erect and apparcntly
exseiied. Disk anmdar, glabrous or vcry minutely tomcntosc, quitc distinct
from thc ovary. Ovary sessile or slightly immerscd in the disk. Style very
shortly 3-lobed. Fruit not seen.

444 XXXVI. RnAMNE.B. {Cryptandra.

N. S. Wales. New England, C. Stuart.

19. C. arbutiflora, Tmzl, in Hueg. Enmi. 26. Branclies virgate,
sliglitly pubescent, witli niimerous sbort branclilets occasionally spinous. Leaves
narrow-linear, obtusc or with a minute recurved point, 1 to 3 lines long,
witli tlie margins mucli revolute so as to be ahnost terete. Flowers white,
fragrant, sessile, or very shortly pedicellate on the smaller branches, not
crowded, quite glabrous, tlie broad obtuse imbricate brown bracts forming a
minute cup at their base. Calyx about 2 lines long, broadly tubular, with very
short lobes. Disk inidulate, villous, covering the small glabrous top of tiie
ovary, which is almost entirely free from the calyx, but enclosed in the tube.
Capsule filling the calyx-tube, glabrous, the disk remaining round its base.
Cocci indehiscent or 2-valved. — IVlclinrea arbutijlora, Nees, in PI. Preiss. ii.
290; C. suavis, Lindl. Bot. Eeg. 1844, t. 56.

W, Australia. Swan River, Drummond, Ist ColL; sandy vvoods near Guildford,
Preiss, n. 465 aud 472 ; King George's Sound, Huegel.

Var. tiihulosa. ISIorc slender and spinous, rcsembling C. spinescens in aspect ; branches
ahnost or quite glabrous; calyx-tube vcry sleuder. — C. iubidosa, Fcnzl, in Hueg. Ennm. 26 ;
Wichitrea tubulosa, Nees, in Pl. Preiss. ii. 291. — Swau lliver, Uuei/el, Brummond ; shady
rocks ou tlie N. side of jMount Clareuce, Preiss, n. 473 ; Vasse rivcr aud Murchison river,
Oldfield.

20. C. miliaris, Reissek, in Pl. Preiss. ii. 288. Branches long nnd
virgate, with numerous short spinous branchlets, as in C sphwscens. Leavcs
nearly as in that species, narrow-Iiuear, 2 to 3 lines long, the margins re-
curved or revolute, glabrous or pubescent. Plowers very small, not quite
sessile, forming little loose leafy racemes or clusters ou the side-branches.
Calyx campanulate, less than 1 line long in our specimens, but not fully out,
the very obtuse, indjricate, brown bracts nearly half aslong as the calyx ; lobcs
of the calyx as long as the tube. Disk glabrous, undulate, close round the
pubescent ovary. l^-uit not seen. — C. lasiophylla and C. glahrata, Steud. iu
PI. Preiss. i. 188.

W. Australia. Saudy woods ncar Perth, Preiss, n. 2420.

C. tcnidrainea, Steud. in Pl. Preiss. i. 189, from W. Australia, Prciss, n. 2410, very ira-
perfcclly dcscribed from a specimeu not yet iu flower, which I have not secii, nuiy be this
specics, but it is nttcrly unrccoguizable.

21. C. nudiflora, P. Muell. Fragm. iii. 64. Branches decundjcnt or
divaricate, the short branchlets often rigid but scarcely spinesccnt in onr speci-
mens. Lcaves linear-cimeate or spathulate, obtusc or truncatc, 2 to 6 lines
long, flat or conduplicate. Flowers pedicellate, clustered witb small leavcs
along the branchcs, but not crowded, the acuminate brown bracts very small
at the basc of the pediccls. Calyx quite glabrous, about 2 lines long, broadly
tubular, the lobcs sbort. Disk annular, rather thick, midulate, glabrous as
well as the ovary, but quitc distinct from it. Ovary (juite free, sessile on
the centre of the disk. Fruit not scen.

W. Australia. Port Grcgory aml Murchison river, Oldfield. lu floral characters
this species is almost a Discaria, but the habit is quitc that of Cri/plandra.

XXXVI. RIIAMNEiE. 4-45

12. DISCAillA, Hook.
(Tetrapasma, G. Don.)

Calyx campaniilate or tubular above tlie ovary, shortly 4- or 5-lobecl. Petals
hood-shaped, inserted with the stamens at the base of the calyx-hibes or none.
Stamens 4 or 5, with short filaments, iiicluded in the petals when present.
Disk annular in the base of the calyx-tube, the margin shortly free. Ovary
niore or less iramersed in the disk, 3-lobed, 3-celled ; style slender, with a
shortly 3-lobed stigma. Drupe or capsule coriaceous, 3-lobed, the endocarp
separating into 3 2-valved crustaceous cocci. Seeds with a coriaceous testa;
albumen Heshy ; cotyledons orbicular. — Much-branched rigid shrubs, with
opposite, often thorny branchlets. Leaves small, opposite, 1-nerved or pen-
uinerved. Stipules and bracts small. Flowers axillary.

The genus is chiefly S. Araerica7i, extratropical or alpine, with one specics endeniic in
Australia and another in New Zealand.

1. D. australis, Hook. Bot. Misc. i. 157, i!. 45. A scrubby, much-
branched, thorny slirub of 1 to 2 ft., nsually giabrous. Braiiches green,
terete, tlie smaller oues reduced to stout spines of 1 to 1| in. Leaves often
appearing cliistered from the shortness of the shoots, oblong or ciiueate, ob-
tuse or emarginate, rarely exceeding \ in. Pedicels solitary or clustered in
the axils of small leaves, wliich soon fall off from the very short branches, the
flowers then appearing densely clustered imder the spines. Calyx-tube
broadly campauulate above the disk, the limb spreading to about 2 lines clia-
nieter. Petals narrow, hood-shapecl. Ovary lieeply imraersed in the disk,
the short free part 3-Iobed. Fruit 2 to 3 lines diameter. — Hook. f. FI. Tasm.
i. 69; Eeissek, in Linneea, xxix. 266; F. Muell. Pragra. iii. 83; Colletia
pubescetis, Brongn. in Ann. Sc. Nat. x. 366; Tetrapasmajniicea,G.T>on,
Gen. Syst. ii. 40 ; Colletia Cunningliamii, Fenzl, in Hueg. Enum. 23.

N. S. Wales. Cox's, Macquarie's, and Hunter's rivers, A. Cunnhujham ; Liverpool
plains, IVooIls ; Ben Loiiiond, New Englaud, Beckler.

Victoria. Grassy hills aud banks, ascending thc Lower Alps, Delatite river, hetwccn
Loddon aud Creswick rivers, Snowy Fiver, etc., F. Mueller.

Tasmania. Derwent river, R. Brown ; Launceston road and South Esk river, Giin» ;
Grcat Swan Port, Backhouse ; Brovvn rivcr, Oldjield.

Order XXXVII. AMPELIDE^.

Flowers regular, hermaphrodite or uuisexual. Calyx small, entire or 4- or
5-toothed. Petals 4 or 5, free or cohering, valvate in the bud. Stamens 4
or 5, opposite the petals, inserted on the outside of the disk at its base or
between its lobes. Disk free or adnate to the ovary. Ovary usually ira-
mersed in or surrounded by the disk, more or less perfectly 2- to 6-ceIIed ;
style short and conical or subulate, or none ; stigma sraall, capitate or lobed.
Ovules 2 in each cell where there are 2 ceUs, solitary where there are more
cells, erect, anatropous, with a ventral raphe. Pruit a berry, the dissepi-
ments frequently disappearing. Seeds 1 to 6 ; testa hard, the inner coating
frecpieritly penetrating into the fissures of the rnminate albunien.^ Embryo
short, in the base of the albumcn ; cotyledons oval ; radicle short, inferior. —

446 XXXVir. AMPELIDE/E.

Woody climbers or rarely erect sliriibs or small trccs. Braiichos often articu-
late. Leaves alternatc or tlie lowcr ones opposite, simplc or compound, thc
jjctiole nsually articulate •with the stem and expanded into a membranous sti-
pule. Fiowers small, in littlc umbels, cymcs, racemcs, or spikes, arranged in
leaf-opposed, cymose, thyrsoid, or elongated panicles.

The Order, almost or quite limitcd to the two following; genera, is widcly dispersed over
the tropical and warm regions of thc globc, more abnndant in the Old World tbaii in
Anierica, and the smaller genns cotifincd to the OUl World. It is very uearly allied to
Celastrinete, and cspccially to Rhamnra', from which it difTcrs in habit, iu the more dc-
veloped ijetals, in the baccate fruit and in the smailuess of thc embryo.

Stamens free. Ovary 2-cclled with 2 ovules in eacb cell. Woody climbers, with

tcndrils 1. ViTis.

Shimcns and petals connatc with the disk. Ovary 3- to 6-celIed with 1 ovule in

cach ccll. Erect, vvithout tendrils 2. J-kfa.

1. VITIS, Linn.

(Cissus, Li/tn)

Petals frce or cohering at the tips, and falling oif togethcr. Stamens in-
sertcd round the l)ase of the short, aunular, or lobcd disk. Ovary 2-celle(l
(sonietimcs imperfectly so), with 2 ovules in each cell. — Woody clinibers or
rarely bushy shrubs, with leaf-opposed tcndrils (abortivc inflorescences).
Leaves siniple or compound, sometimes niarked with pellucid dots. Panicles
in the Australian species cymose or rarcly reduced to solitary umbels. Petals
very concave, almost hood-shaped, but without the dorsal appendages of some
Asiatic species.

The genus compriscs nearly the wholc of the Order, cxtcnding ovcr thc wholc of its
gcographieal arca. Of the 14 Ausfraliau specics, 3 are widcly dislributcd over tropical
Asia, another extcnds to the Fiji Islands, tlie remaining 10 arc cndeniie. The Australian
spceies appear tolcrably constant in the division of thcir leavcs, but that character is not to
be absolutely relicd on, for the trifoliolatc, digitatc, and pedatc forms will occasionally pass
oue into the othcr.

Leaves simple.

Lcavcs ovate, pcnnivcined, or 3-nervcd at the base, rathcr Hcshy.
Leavesshortly acumiiuite, mostly toothod. Bcrrics globular. Tall,

woody climbers 1. F. antarctica.

Leaves vcry obluse, quite entire. Berries obovoid. Bushy trce . 2. /'. ohlonga.
Leavcs broad-cordate, 5-ncrved, membranous.

Brauchcs glaucous. Veinlets reticidate, not promineut. Flowers

at lcast 1 linc diamcter Z. V. cordala.

Not glaucous. Veinlets transverse. Flowcrs uot \ linc diameter 4. V. adnata.
Leaflets 3.

Lcaflcts ovate, rathcr tliick and firm, shiniiig. Cymes ncarly globular,

on very short pedunclcs. Stigma very broad 5. F. nitens.

Leatlets largc, broadly ovate or eordale, membranous. Cymes loose,
divaricate.
Lcaves glabrous, or nearly so. Flowcrs fully 1 line diamcter, on

stout pedicels 6. T. saponaria.

Leavcs liairy on both sides. Flowers about \ line diameter, on

filifoi"m pcdicels 1. T. acris.

Leailets mostly under 3 in., rather thick, or almost fleshy, coarscly

toothed. Cymes loose, divaricate 8. F. trifolia.

Fiiis.] XXXVII. ampelide^, 447

Leaflets 5 to ^^fedate.

Leaflets small, ovate; acuminate, deejjly toothed. Disk veiy promi-

"ent 9. V. clematidca.

Leaflets 2 to 3 ia. long, oblong or cuneate, minutely and remotely

serrate or entire. Pisk incouspicuous 10. T. acetosa.

Leaflets 5, rarehj 3, digitate.

Leaflets obtuse at the base, on a distinct slender petiolule, coriaceous,

and very reticulate 11. F. hypocjJauca.

Leaflets narrowed iuto a vcry short pctiohile or scssile.

Leaflets very coriaceous. Berrics ovoid 12. r. stercuJifotia.

Lcaflets memhranous. Berries globular.

Leaflets liuear-cuncate to oblong or obovate. Cymes loose . . 13. F. opaca.
Leaflets narrow-liiieai-, rarely hroad aud acuminate. Cymes

compact 14. V.angiistissima.

1. V. antarctica, Benth. Young slioois more or less clotlied with
short nist-coloured liairs, rarely entireljf glabrous. Leaves simple, petiolatc,
ovate or obJong, mostly acuminate and sliglitly cordate, 3 to 4 in. long and
l^ to 2 in. broad, entire, sinuate or irregularly toothed, rather firm or ahnost
coriaceous, penniveined and obscurely 3-nerved, with glands on the under
side in the axils of some of the principal veins. Cymes dense, broadly
corymbose, shorter than the petioles. Flowers tomentose-pubescent, the buds
nearly globuLar, under 1 line diameter. Petals 4, separately deciduous. Disk
prominent, undidate, obscm-ely 4-lobed. Style shortly conical. Berry glo-
bular. — Cissus atitarctica, Yent, Choix, t. 21 ; DC. Prod. ii. 629 ; Bot. Mag.
t. 2488 ; C. (jlandulosa, Poir. Dict. SuppL i. 105.

Queenslaud. Brishane river, Moretou Bay, F. Mueller.

N. S. 'Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown, and others ; northward to Hastings and
]Macleay rivers, Beckler ; New Englaud, C. Stuart ; sonthward to Illawarra, A. Cunningham,
UcrJj. Muetier. The specific name, although inappropriate, is too generally sauctioned by use
to he altered.

2. V. oblonga, Benth. A small bushy tree (according to Henne's
notes, but P. Bro\vn's specimens have tendrils), quite ghiln'ous or the young
shoots minut(!ly rusty-tomentose, the branches rigid and flexuose. Leaves
petiolate, broadly oblong or ovate-oblong, very obtuse, 1-|- to 2| in. long,
quite entire, firm but thinner than in C. antarctlca, very finely penniveined
and obscurely 3-nerved, with 2 large glands underneath in the axils of thc
lateral nerves. Flowers not seen. Pruiting cymes on short peduncles, bear-
ing few obovoid berries.

Queensland. E. coast, R. Broicn ; Curtis Islaud, Henne. On some eymes the herries
are rcplaced by a monstrous growth of dichotomous hrauches covcred with small, broad,
leafy scalcs, forming dense glohular tufts of 3 or 4 in. diameter, like those often ohserved on
some Masas. Although I have seen no flowers, the infloresceucc, fruits, and secds, as well as
the tendeucy to articulation of the smaller branches, leave no doubt of the species belongiug
to the prcseut genus.

3. V. cordata, Wall. Catal. n. 6008 (partly). Veiy glabrous and often
somewhat glaucous in all its parts, the young stems sitcculent and disarticulating
in the dried specimens. Leaves on rather long petioles, broadly cordate, 2^
to nearly 4 in. long and nearly as broad, entire, except small, almost bristle-
like distant teeth, 5-ncrved, the smaller veins reticulate, very few or none,
transverse, and faintly conspicuous. Flowers in coryrabose trichotomous

448 XXXVII. AMPELiDE.f:. [Fitis.

cymcs, tho biids aboui 1 liiie dianioter. Petals 4, usually colieriug; at thetop
and falling off together. Style subulate. Berrics obovoid-globular. — Benth.
¥\. Hongk. 54 ; Cis.ms cordala, Roxb. Fl. lud. i. 407 ; Vitis cardiopliijlla, F.
Muell. Fragra. ii. 73.

N. Australia. N. coast, R. Brown.

Queensland. Barnartl Islands, M' GiUivray ; Burdekin river, F. MueUer ; Rock-
hairiploii, Tliozet. Coinmou iu tiie Arcliipelago aud Eustern Iiulia, exteuding uortliward lo
Sikkiiu and llougkong.

4. V. adnata, Wall.; JVujld and Arn. Prod. 126 (with the synonyms
adduced). Youug shoots and uuder side of the leaves niore or less covered
with a short tomeutum, which sometimcs disappears with age. Leaves pe-
tiohite, Ijroadly eordatc, ahnost orbicular, aciiiniuatej 3 to 6 in. diaraeter,
bordered with small bristle-like tceth, 5-nerved aud penuiveiucd, the primary
veins connected by transverse vciulets. Fiowcrs searccly \ liue diamctcr,
numerous in corymbose cymes. Petals 4, cohering by the tips and falliug
otr togethcr. Style shortly subuhite, at least iu tlie fertilc flowers. Fruit
globular, small. — Cissus adnuta, Eoxb. ; VVight, Ic. t. 144.

N. Australia. N. coast, R. Brown ; Sea Rauge, vcry rarc, F. MueUer. Comiuou
iu Eisl India.

5. V. nitens, F. Muell. Frajm. ii. 73. Quite gUd;rous. Leaflets 3,
ovate or oval-oblong, acuminate, mostly 3 to 4 iu. long, remotely toothed,
narrowed at tlie base, tlie lateral ones scarcely obb(pu% on short pttiohdes,
rather firm, smooth and shiuiug above. Unibel-hke cyuics alinost glabrous,
dense aud uearly globular, 2 or 3 together or solitary ou avery short comuiou
pe(hiucle, the pediccls very short. FloAver-buds ovoid, ratlier niore than i
line long. Petals 4 or rarely 5, oblong, falling oft" scparately. Disk incou-
spieuous. Style very short aud thick, with a broad, tlat, almost fringed,
slightly 2-lobed stigraa. Bcny ovoid.

Queensland. E. coast, R. Brovm ; Diwvson aud Bm-uett rivers, /•'. Mueiler ; Brisbaue
rivpi-, Fraser, F. MneUer.

N. S. 'Wales. Clarence, Macleay, and Ilastings rivers, Bechler ; Huuter's Rivcr,
R. Brown, F. MneUer.

fi. V. saponaria, Seem. Sjst. I.ist Vit. Pl. 4. Young leaves aud shoots
and inflorcsccncc miuutely hoary-tomentose. Lcaflets 3, vcry broadly ovate,
acumiuatc, cntire or crcuutc, attaiuiug 4 to 6 in.,thiu aud glabrous when full-
growu, peuuiveiued and more or less distinctly 5-nervcd at thc basc, espe-
cially the lateral oucs, with transverse vcuilets, the ceutral one roiuuled at thc
base, the lateral oues obli(picly cordate. Cyracs loose, divaricatc, many-
flowercd, ou long peduncles. Flowcrs nearly globular, above 1 line diameter,
Petals 4, usually fahiug oif together. Diskbroad. Style conical. Berry
deprcbsed-globidar.

Queensland. Torrcs Straits, R. Browii ; Cape York and Piper's Islaud, M'GiUivrai/.
Also iu tlie Fiji Islands, whcre, according to Seeuiann, thc steuis arc uscd in washiug lincu.
A. Gray in Bot. Amer. Expl. Exped. i. 272, had refcrrcd this plant with doubt \q Cissus
yeniculata, Bi., aud pcrhaps correctly so, for although Blume describes thc central leaflet as
ohloug-kuiccolatc, yet he mcutious a broad-h'aved variety, but with more i)ubescent leavcs.
All arc closcly allied to the comniou E. ludiau V. pedata, Wall., aud uiay be a 3-foliolate
variety of that vcry variablc spccics.

Fiiis.] XXXVII. AMPELIDEiE. 449

7. V, acris, F. Muell. Fragm. ii. 75. Branches and leaves softly pubes-
cent or haiiy. Leaflets 3, broadly ovate, acumioate, crenate, 3 to 4 in. long,
thin, haii-y on both sides, penniveincd with transvcrse veinlets, the lateral
leaflets obliqne, obscurely cordnte, and more or less 5-nerved at the base, on pe-
tiohdes of ^ to y in. Cynies loose and divaricate, on long slender peduncles,
the branches ahnost fihrorm and nearly glabrous. Flowers nearly globukr,
about ^ hne diameter. Petals 4, apparently distiuct. Disk very prominent.
Style short, conicah

Queensland. Betwccn Burnett and Pine rivei's, F. Mueller.

N. S. Wales. IJichmond and Clarence livcrs, Beckler.

The foliage is that of V. mollissima, Wall., from the Aj-ehipelago, from which thc species
appears to differ chiefly in the very sleuder iufloresccnce aud small flowers. These may, how-
ever, not be fuU-growu in the very few specimens seen.

8. V. trifolia, Linn. Spec. Pl. 293. Softly hoary-pubescent ah over,
especiahy the young shoots, or sometimes nearly or quite glabrous. Leaflets
3, ovate-acuminate, obovate or rhomboid, usually 1 to 3 in., rarely 3 in. long,
coarsely aud hregularly toothed or crenate, softly herbaceous, usuahy thick
and sometimes ahuost fleshy, the Lateral ones vcry obhque, on short petiohdes.
Cymcs many-flowered, divaricate, on long pechmcles, hoary or pubescent.
Flowers nearly globuhu', about 1 hne diameter. Petals 4, distinct. Disk
very prominent. Style in some specimens short with a broad pehate stigma,
in others slender with a smah stigma. Beriy smah, depressed-globular.
— Cissiis carnosa, Lam. ; DC. Prod. i. 630 ; C cinerea, Lam. ; DC. L c. 631 ;
C. crenata, Vahl ; DC. 1. c. ; Vitis carnosa, W. and Arn. Prod. 127 ; Wight,
Ic. t. 171 (a broad-leaved form) ; V. psoralifolia, F. Mueh. Fragm. ii. 75.

N. Australia. N. coast, R. Brown ; Victoria river, F. Miceller ; Albert river, Henne.
Queensland. Cape York, M'GiiIivrai/.

The spccies is very commou in East ludia and the Archipelago, and is probably described
undcr several namcs besides thosc above quotcd.

9. V. clematidea, F. Miiell. Fracjm. ii. 74. Minutely tomentose, pu-
bcscent, or ghibrous. Branches angidar-striate. Leaflets usuahy 5, ])edate,
petiohite, ovate, acuminate, coarsely toothed or lobed, usuahy 1 to 2 in. long,
narrowed at the bnse, herbaceous, rather thick and pid)esceut or thin and gla-
brous. Cymes divaricate, rather dense, on long peduncles, nuuutely hoary-
tomeutose. Pedicels short. Flowers globular, abont 1 hne diameter. Petals
apparently separating. Disk veiy prominent, entire. Style fihform. Berries
dopressed-globular, smah.

Queensland. Brisbane river, Fraser, F. Mneller.

W. S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown ; uorthward to Clareuce rivcr, Beckler ; New
Euglaud, C. Stuart ; Newcastle, Leichhardt ; southward to Kiama, Ilarvoi/.

10. V. acetosa, F. Muell. Herb. Glabrous or the young shoots and
inflorescence very shghtly hoary-tomentose. Leaflets 5 to 7, pedate, petiolu-
late or the central one nearly scssile, oblong or obovate-cuneate, obtuse or
rarely shortly acuminate, 2 to 3 in. long or rarely longer, entire or bordered
by smah teeth or minute distant serratures, narrowed at the base, her-
baceous, but rather firm, pale undemeath. Cymes peduncuhite, deiise, divari-
cate or ahnost thyrsoid, the flowers often shortly raceniose along the branches,
on short pedicels. Flowers purple-red, ovoid-globidar, about l bne long,

VOL. I. 2 G

450 XXXVIi. AMPELIDE/E. [Filis.

glabrous. Petals separating. Disk indistinct. Stylc vcry shortly conical
or scarcely any, witli a truncate stignia. Berrics ovoid-globose.— 6'm««
aceiosa, F. Muell. Trans. Vict. Inst. iii. 24.

W. Australia. N. coast, R. JSrotcn ; Victoria and Fitzmaurice rivcrs, F. Ilueller ;
Swcers Island, Henne. The specimcns liist described were, according to F. Muellcr's uotcs,
ft-om tall hcrbaccous not climbiug stems, but others are evideutly climbiug, with thc usual
tendrils.

11. V. hypoglauca, T. Mnell. Pl. Vict. i. 94. Toung shoots rusty-
toinentosc or villous, adult speciiuens usually quite giabrous. Leaflets 5,
digitate, obovate, oval or oblong-elliptical, shortly and often acutely acumi-
nate, 2 to 3 in. long, the lateral ones smaller than the central ones, entire or
toothed towards the top, obtuse at the base, on rather long petiokdes, coria-
ceous, penniveined and flnely reticulate, pale or ghuicous uiiderneath. Cymes
rather dense, shortly pedunculate. Tlowers yellowish, glabrous, ovoid, fuUy
1 line long. Petals separating or slightly cohering. Disk 4-lobed, but not
very prominent. Style conical. Berry nearly globular, rather sniall. — Cissits
liypoglnuca, A. Gray, Bot. Amer. Expl.Exped. i. 272 ; 6'. australasica,Y. Muell.
in Trans. PhiL Soc. Vict. i. 8.

N. S. Wales. Port Jacksou, R. Bro/ini, aud othcrs ; norlhward to Clarence river,
Beclder ; Nevv Eugland, C. Staurt ; southward to Kiama, Ilarvey ; Tvvofold Eay, F.
Mueller.

Victoria. Forcst streams and rivulets in eastcrn Gipps' Land, F. MneUer,

12. V, sterculifolia, T. Muell. Tlerh. Eruiting speeiiuens quite gla-
brous. Leaflets 5, digitate, elliptical-oblong or somcwliat obovate, shortly
and obtusely acumiuate, 3 to 4 in. long, entire, narrowed into a veiy short
petiohde, coriaceous, penniveined, tlie rctieulate veinlets much less conspicuous
tlian in V. Jiypoglauca, witli glands or foveola^ in the axils of some of the
primary veins underneath, Elowers not seeu. Eruiting cymes on short pe-
dunclcs. Bcrries ovoid, rather large.

N. S. ^Vales. Hastings rivcr, Beclder. Onc specimcn has a vcry young flower-cyme,
which is slightly rusty-pubescent, but not far enough advanced to give the Uoral characters.

13. V, opaca, J. Muell. Tlerb. Q,uite ghibrous. Leaflets 5, rarcly 3 or
4, digitate, from linear-cuneate to elHptical-oblong, obovate or narrow
rliomboidal, obtuse or aeuminate, niostly 1 to 2 in. long, cutirc or slightly
tootlied, narrowed at the base into very short pctiohdes or ahnost sessile,
rather firm but not coriaceous, smooth, obsein"cly peuniveincjd, usually pale
luidcrneath. Cymes rathcr loose, but not large. Eiowers giabrous, giobidar,
about 1 linc diameter. Pctals 5 or rarely 4, separating. Disk jn^ominent,
entire or scarcely lobed. Style short, conical. Berries dcpressed-giobular. —
Cissus ojntca, E. Muell. in Trans. Vict. Inst. iii. 23.

Queensland. Burdckin river, F. Miieller ; Brisbane river, ^Morcton Bay, Fraser,
F. Maelter ; Rockliamjtton, Thozet ; Port Deuisou, Fitzalan ; E. coast, R. Broivn (with
the lcaves mostly 3-foliolatc).

14. V. angustissima, F. Muell. Fragin. i. 141. Glabrous and ratlier
slcnder. Leaflets usually 5, digitate, narrow-Iinear, 1 to 3 in. long, entire,
coarsely toothed or lobed, narrowed at the base ; occasionally, howcver, the
lower ones are slightly pedate or united into 3 cuneate and coarsely toothed
leaflcts, or into a singie broad palmately-lobcd leaf. Cymes compact and

I

Fitis.] XXXVII. ampelidEvT;. 451

many-flowered, -1 to 1 iu. broad, on ralher long peduncles. Flowers fully 1
line diameter. Petals 5, separating-. Disk broad, undulate. Style shoi-t,
conical, witli a truncate stigma. Berries nearly globular.

W. Australia, Brnmmond, n. 43 and 218 ; Murchison river, Oldfiehl. At first siglit
this closcly resembles the S. American Cissus palmata, Poir., but that species has more
ovoid buds, 4 petals falling off together, and a smaller disk.

3. LEEA, Linn.

Petals united iu a campanulate corolla with 5 spreading or recurved lobes.
Disk (resembling a staminal tube) cup-shaped, conical, or nearly globular,
5-lobed, enclosing tlie ovary. Stamens inserted in grooves outside tlie disk,
the tilaments incurved at the top, with the anthers inside the disk iu the bud.
Ovary enclosed in the disk, 3 to 6-celled, with 1 ovule in each cell. — Shrubs
or small trees, without tendrils. Leaves once, twice, or thrice pinnate, with
large entire or toothed penniveined leaflets. Panicles or cymes leaf-op-
posed, corymbose. Flowers usually Larger than in Vitis.

The genus is dispersed over tropical Asia and Africa, the only Australian species being
the most common aniong the Asiatic ones.

1. L. sambucina, TFillcl. Spec. Pl. i. 1177. A tall, gkbrous, coarse
shnib, the young branches occasionaDy furrowed. Leaves mostly twice or
thrice piunate ; leaflets few in each pinna, from ovate to oblong-elliptical or
lanceohite, acuminate, usually 3 to 6 in. long and 1\ to 2 in. broad, but
sometimes twice as long, irregularly crenate, the primary arcuate pinnate
veins and transverse veinlets very prominent nnderneath. Cymes Large,
divaricate, trichotomous, on short peduncles. Flowers about 2 lines long,
on very short pedicels. Ovary 5-celled. Berries small, depressed-globidar,
usually ripeniug 4 to 6 seefels. — DC. Prod. i. 635 ; L. stapJiijlea, Roxb., W.
and Arn. Prod. 132, with the synonyms adduced; Wight. 111. t. 58 and Ic.
PL t. 78.

N. Australia. Raffles Bay, Goulburn Island, and other points of the N. coast, A.
Cnmihigharii.

Queensland. Ishvnds of Howick's gronp, F. Mueller.

The specics is commou in tropical Asia, and is, perhaps, the samc as a conimon Afi-ican
one.

Order XXXYIII. SAPINDACEiE.

Flowers usually polygamous. Sepals 4 or 5, frce or unitcd in a small
toothed or lobed calyx, imbricate or rarely valvate in the bud. Petals as
many as sepals, or 1 fewer, sometimes minute or wanting, frequently bearing
a scale inside. Disk various, in sorae genera imilateral, rarely wanting.
Stamens 8, rarely fewer or more, inserted round the ovary within the disk
(except in a few genera not Australian), soraetimes unilateral ; anthers versa-
tile or erect. Ovaiy entire or lobed, 1- to 4-celled, raost frcquently 3-celled.
Style simple, with a single stigma, or more or less divided. Ovules 1, 2, or
rarely more in each cell, ascending, or rarely horizontal, with the micropyle
inferior. Pniit dry or succulent, dehiscent or indehiscent, entire or separating
into cocci. Seeds with or withont an arillus, without albumen (except in a
few genera not Australian). Embryo usually thick, frequentlv folded or

2 G 2

452 XXXVIII. SAVINDACE^.

spiral, tlic cotyledons usually uucqur.l, collateval or supcrposed ; radicle sliort,
turned downwards or reascending towards tlie liilum.— Trees, slirubs, or
rarely almost herbaceous, olteu climbers (especially in genera not Australian).
Leaves alternate (or in genera not Australian opposite), usually compound,
pinnate with, or more frequently without, a terminal odd one, the leaflets
often irregularly alternate, rarely decompound ; 3-foliolate or simple. Flowers
usually small.

Saphidacefe are abundant witliin the tropics, both in the New and in the Old World, more
rare in the ternperate rcgioiis of the uorthern hemispherc, and those, cliiefly of tlie genera
J<^scidus, Acer, axiiiViKii- allies, mireprescnted in Australia ; there are veiy few also in
southern extratropical Africa or Aincrica. Of the 10 Australiau gcncra, G small ones are
endemic or only extcnd to Tinior, and the most uumerous, Dodonaa, is nearly so, with the
exception of 1 or 2 ubiquitous tropical spr{'ics. Rve of the gencra are common to the tro-
pical regions of the New and the Old World ; the remaiuing 4 restricted to tropical Asia or
extend only into Africa.

The majority of Sapindacece are readily known by thc disk outside, not inside thc sta-
mcns, and by tlic 8 stamcns in a 5-mcrous Hower, with a 3-merous gynoccium ; but all thcse
characters have exce])tions, whicli render the tcchnical limitations of Ihc Ordcr difficult,
although rcally doubtfnl gcnera are very few. The position of the microjjyU) appcars to be
constant, but often difticult to observe. The arborcous gcnera with piunatc lcaves, often
numerous in species, cspecially in tropical Asia, may rcquire considerablc modilication as to
their characters, and ])robably some reduction, wheu those proposed by Blume come to be
better knowu, as well as to flowcr as fruit.

Flowcrs irregular, either 1 pctal fewcr thcn thc scpals, or the sta-
mens or disk unihitcral, and ovary excentrical.
Onc ovulc in each ccU of the ovary.

lierbaceous or half-hcrbaceous climber with biternate leaflets.

Capsulc inflatcd, membranous 1. Cardiospekmum.

Trees with pinuate leaves. Pctals 1 fcwer than sepals.

Calyx valvatcly 5-lobed. Capsule loculicidally 3-valvcd . . 2. Diplogi.ottis.
Sepals 5, broadly imbricate. Fruit deeply divided into ob-

h)ng indchisccnt lobes 3. Erioglossum.

Slirubs or trecs, with 1 or 3 digitate lcaflets. Sepals 4,
broadly imbricate. Petals 4 or noue. Fruit of 1 or 2 iu-

dehisccnt lobes 4. Schmidei.ia.

Tvvo ovules in each ccll of the ovary. Low shrubs or undcr-

shrubs, with entire, lobed, or pinuately dissccted lcavcs . . 5. Dipj.opkltis.
Flowers regular. Disk anuular or uoue. Stamcus all rouud thc
ovary.
One ovule in cach ccll of the ovaryr Trees or tall shrubs.
Leaves jiinnate (except Helerodendron and sometimes iu
Alalaya).
Capsule loculicidally 3-valved.

Sepals distiuct, broadly irabricate C. Cupania.

Calyx small, toothed, or the lobcs valvate or slightly im-

bricate 7- 1?atonia.

Fruit separating into winged samaras 8. Atai.aya.

Fruit divided iuto indchiscent or 2-valved lobes or irregularly
loculieidal, the valves not separating from the axis.
Leaves pinnate.

Sepals broadly imbricate in 2 rows. Petals usually ex-

serted. Fruit-lobes smooth, indchiscent 9. Sapinrus.

Calyx-teeth or lobes valvate or slightly imbricate. Petals
very small or none. Fruit-lobes smooth (ia Australia),
iudehiscent or 2-valved 10. Nephelium.

XXXVIII. SAPINDACE^. 455

Calyx-segments imbrioate. Petals very small or none.

Fmit-lobes tuberculate or muricate, iuclehiscent . . .11. Euphoria.
Leaves coriaceous, simple, entire or pinuatifid. Calyx eutire

or miuutcly toothcd 12. IIeterodenuron.

Tvvo ovules in each cell of tlie ovary.

Trees with piunate leaves. Petals 4 or 5.

Calyx deeply divided into imbricate segments. Disk incon-

spicuous 13. Harpullia.

Calyx cauipauulate, shortly lobed. Disk broad . . . .14. Akania.
Shrubs or rarely suikU trees. Leaves simple or pinnate with
sniallleaticts. Calyx cup-shaped. Petals none. Diskiu-
couspicuous.
Staineus in the male flowers 10 or fewer, nsually 8 . . . 15. Dodonjsa.
Stamens iu the male flowers more than 10 16. Distichostemon.

1. CARDIOSPERMUM, Linn.

Flowers polygaraous. Sepals 4, broadly imbricate, tlie 3 outer ones
small. Petals 4, 3 larger with a large scale, 2 smaller with a crested scale.
Disk oue-sided, almost reduced to 3 promineut glauds opposite the lower
petals. Stamens 8, oblique. Ovary excentrical, 3-celled, with 1 ovule in
each cell ; style very short, with 3 stigmatic lobes. Capsule vesicidar, mem-
brauous, more or less 3-cornered, 3-celled, opeuiug loculicidally. Seeds
globose, with a thick fuuicle or small aril ; testa crustaceous ; cotyledons
h;rge, trausversely folded. — Herbs or undershrubs, raostly climbiug. Leaves
dissected. I^lowers few, sraall, on loug axillary peduucles, which usually bear
a tendril under the panicle.

A sniall genus, chiefly American, of which 2 speeies are also spread over the Old World
within the tropics, and a third is perhaps confiued to the Old World. The Australian spe-
cies is one of those most widely diflused iu both worlds.

1. C. Halicacabum, Lbm. ; DC. Prod. i. 601. A straggling or
somewliat climbiug aunual or perhaps pereimial, attaining several feet in
length, glabrous or slightly pubesceut. Leaf-segments usually twice ternate,
ovate or ovate-huiceohite, coarsely toothed or lobed, the upper leaves smallei',
uarrower and less divided. Peduucles 3 to 3 in. long, beariug a double or
treble short recurved tendril uuder the sraall panich^-, which is often reduced
to an umbel of few small white liowers. Capsules flat on the top, usually
pidjcsceut. — A. Gray, Geu. IIL t. 181; Wight, Ic. t. 508.

N. Australia. Victoria river, Sea range, etc., F. Miieller ; Albert river, Hentie.

Queensland. N.E. coast, R. Brown ; Kockhampton, Thozet.

The specics is common in most tropical regions. The Australian specimens bclong either
to the variety with fruits scarcely \ in. diameter, ofteu considered as a distiuct species (C. wi-
crocarpum, H. 15. and K.), or are iutermediate betweeu that and the typical form, with fruits
above 1 in. diameter.

2. DIPLOGLOTTIS, Hook. f.

Calyx deeply 5-Iobed, valvate. Petals 4, thc place of tlic fifth vacaut, the
inner scale divided iuto two. Uisk one-sided, crescent-shaped. Staiuens 8,
ascendiug, unequal. Ovary 3-ceIled, style short, incurved ; stigraa entire or
obscurely 3-lobed. Oviiles solitary iu each cell. Capsule uearly globular,
thick, somewhat ttesliy, loculicidally 3-vaIved. Seeds enclosed in a pulpy

454 XXXVIII. SAPiNDACEiE. [BiploffloUis.

arillus. — A tree, witL large pinnate leaves, more or less villous-tomentose.
riowers not very small, in large axillary panicles.
The geiiiis is limited to a siugle species, eudemic iu Australia.

1. D. Cunninghamii, Hook.f. in Benth. and Hook. Gen. Pl. 395. A
tree of 30 to 40 ft., tlie young branches, petioles and inflorescence densely
clotlied with a soft nist-coloured tomentum. Leaves ver)- large, sometimes
exceeding 2 ft. ; leaflets 8 to 12, opposite or u-regularly alternate, oblong-
elliptical to ovate-lanceolate, acute or obtuse, usually 6 to 8 in., but sorae-
times above 1 ft. long, glabrous above, pubescent underneath, with raised
parallel pinnate veins. Flowers numerous, on pedicels of 1 to 2 lines,
clustered along the branches of the ample panicle. Calyx about l^ lines
long, rusty-tomentose. Petals about as long as the calyx, orbicular, thin,
cUiate, the two inner scales not united, about as long as the petal itself, but
thicker, and very hauy. Stamens exserted in some specimens, shorter than
the petals in otliers. Fruit about ^ in. diameter, tomentose. — Cujjaida C/in-
7iinff/iaiiui, llook. Bot. Mag. t. 4470.

Queensland. Brisbane river, A. Cunningham ; also in Leichhardf s collection.

N. S. VVales. lluuter's River, R. Browii ; Hastings river, A. Cunningham, Fraser,
Beckler ; Clareuce river, Wilcox ; l\\a.\sa.n"A., Ralston. With the habit aud fruit of a Cm-
pania, this plaut has thc flowers of a Paullinia.

3. ERIOGLOSSUM, Blume.

Flowers polygamous. Sepals 5, broadly imbricate, the two outer ones
smaller. Petals 4, the place of the fifth vacant, the scale hirsute with a
terminal lobed appendage. Disk one-sided, lobed. Stamens 8, turned to
one side, unequal. Ovary 3-lobed, 3-celled ; style slender, obscurely 3-lobed ;
ovules solitary in each cell. Pruit divided to the base into 3 oblong indehis-
cent lobes. Seeds without any ariUus ; testa merabranous, embiyo straight ;
cotyledons thick. — Trees with pinnate leaves, more or less tomentose.
Flowers not vcry small, in cymes or chisters along the branches of terrainal
pauicles.

The gcnus contaius vcry fcw species, natives of tropical Asia and Africa ; one of the jnost
wideiy spread extcuding iuto Australia. It diffcrs froiu Sapiiidus, as Diploglottis fi-oui
Ciipania, in the irregidar flowers.

1. C edule, Blmne, Bijdr. and Rmnplda, iii. 119, ^. 16G. A tall trec,
the young shoots, petioles and inflorescence more or less lioary or iiisty with
a close tomcutum. Lcaflets 8 to 12, elliptical-oblong or rarely ovate-
Lnnceolate, more or lcss acuminatc, 3 to 4 or rarely 5 in. long, glabrous above,
pubescent underneath, with pi-ominent parallel pinnate veins. Flowers
numerous. Sepals orbicuLar, rather thick, pubesccnt outside, the inuer larger
ones about 1 i lines diamcter. Petals rather longer, tlic scale shorter than the
petal, very hairy in the lower part, the terminal glabrous appeudage cxpanded
either into 2 lobes or in a broad fringed erect crcst, but very variable. Fruit
not sceu in the Australian specimens. — Sapindus rul/iffinosus, Eoxb. Pl.
Corom. i. 44, t. 62 ; W. and Arn. Prod. 112, with the synonyms cpioted.

N. Australia. Bruuswick Bay, N.W. coast, J. Cunninghain. The spccies is widely
spread over tropical Asiaaud the ludian Archipclago.

XXXVIII. SAPINDACE.E. 455

4. SCHMIDELIA, Linn.

riowers polygfvmous. Scpals 4, broadly imbricate, tlie outer ones sraaller.
Petals 4, small, or rarely none. Disk one-sided, usually lobed or divided
into 4 g-lands. Stamens 8, more or less one-sided. Ovary excentrical, 2 or
rarely S-celled ; style 3- or 3-lobed ; ovules solitary in each cell. Fruit of 1
or rarely 2 small ovoid or globular indehiscent, fieshy or ahnost dry berries.
Seeds with a short arilhis ; embryo curved, cotyledons fohled. — Shrubs or
trees. Leaves with 1 or 3 leafiets. Flowers very small, in siraple or loosely
paniculate axillary racemes.

Tlie species are nnmerous in tropical America, with several African ones, and a few in tro-
pical Asia and tlie Indian Archipelago, one of the common Asiatic oues extendinj^- to Aus-
tralia. The genus is one of the most easily recognized iu the Order, hy its foliagc as vvcll
as hy its small tlovvers and fruits.

1. S. serrata, DC. Prod. i. 610. A tree, the young lcaves and shoots
pubescent-tomentose, often glabrous when full-grown. Leaflets 3, ovate or
obovate-oblong, obtnse or slightly acuniinate, 2 to 4 in. long, irregularly and
coarsely toothed, or rarely qnite entire, sessile or narrowed into a short petiokde,
glabrous above, pale or pubescent underneath, often bearing hairy tufts in the
axils of the principal veins. Eaceraes slender, simple or slightly branched.
Piowers \ to nearly 1 line diameter, on short pedicels, clustered along the
pnbescent rhachis. Petals cuneate, with a minute scale. Disk of 4 small
lobes or glands. Stamens glabrous. Berries small, globular. — W. and Arn.
Prod. 110 ; Ornltroplie serrata, Eoxb. Pl. Corom. i. 44, t. 61 ; S. timoriensis,
DC, Dcne. Herb. Timor. 115.

W. Australia. N. coast, R. Brown ; Port Essington, Armstrong. The latter speci-
mcns are nearly glahrous, with the lcaflets more sessile andnarrowed at the hase, as dcscrihed
iu S. timoriensis. Some of R. Browu's are simiLar ; others are more puhescent, like the
comraon form in India, where these characters are very variahle ; aud, as sugijcsted hy
W. and Arn., these plants may all he varicties ouly of S. Cob/je, Linn., which woiild thus havc
a very wide range over tropical Asia, inchiding the Archipelago.

5. DIPLOPELTIS, Endl,

Flowers polygamous. Sepals 5, persistent, imbricate in the bud. Petals
4, the place of the fifth vacant, clawed, without any scale inside. Disk very
oblique, produced into a concave or apparently double scale. Stamens 8,
within the disk, turned to one side. Ovary 2- or 3-lobed, 2- or 3-ceIIed ; style
ascending, usually twisted ; ovules 2 in each cell, snperposed halfway up tho
inner angles. Capsule 2- or 3-ceIIed, opening loculicidally in as raany valves,
or separating into cocci. Seeds usnally solitary in each carpcl ; testa crnst-
aceous ; arillus small ; embryo spirally rolled. — Shrubs or uudcrshrubs, morc
or less glandular-pubescent. Leaves alternate, cntire or ])innntitid. Paniclcs
terminal, with scorpioid racemes. Flowers whitc pink or violet, larger than
in most Sapindacece.

The genus is limited to Australia.

Fruit separatiug into distiuct indehiscent cocci.

Lcaves ovate or ohovatc, on distinct, rather long petiolcs . . . . \. B. petwtaris.
Leaves linear, obloug, cuueate, or pinnatifid, narrowcd into vcry shcrt

petioles or sessile -. 'Z. D. Iluegetii.

456 XXXVIII. SAPINDACE.E. [Blplopellis.

Capsule membranous, loculicidally 3-Talved. Leaves linear or cuneate,

entire or 3-lobcd 8. D. Sttiartii.

1. D. petiolaris, F. Mucll. Ilerb. Nearly allicd to D. IluegeUi, of
which F. MucUer thiuks it may be a variety. Bnmchcs, pauiclcs, aiul both
sides of thc lcaves vciy glandular, aud appareutly viscid. Lcavcs crowded,
ovdte or obovate, f to \\ iu. loug, irregularly crcuate or lobcd at thc base,
on petiolcs of 3 or 4 liucs. Pauicle morc crowdcd thau iu D. Jlucr/elii, with
smaller flowcrs. Cocci separating, aud similar to those of D. Iluegelii,
except that thcy are much more ghindular and less hairy.

W. Australia. Murchison river, OldfieJd.

3. D. Huegelii, Endl. in Ilueg. Enum. 13. A shrub of 2 or 3 ft.,
but floweriug also as au undershrub of 1 to l^ ft., the brauches and foliagc
hoary with a minute tomentum, or softly pubesceut or hirsute. Leaves eithcr
undivided and from oblong-liucar to broadly cuucate, entire or coarsely
toothed, or more or less dceply pinnatifid, with short, obloug or cuueate,
entire or 2- or 3-toothed lobes or segments, alvvays narrowed at the base but
scarcely petiolate. Flowcrs raccmose aloug the simplc branches of a terrainal
panicle, with a few ghxndular-tippcd hairs ou the brauches aud sometiuies oii
the sepals aud ovary ; the males aud fcuialcs usually in thc same raceme.
Sepals broadly ovate, about 1 line long. Petals spreading, on short slender
ckws, the hamina orbicidar, about 3 lines broad, thosc next the vacancy oftcn
smaller than the others. Ovary hirsute with simple and glaudular hairs.
Fruit separating iuto 3 rather liard ovoid cocci, about 2 liues long, rugose,
usually iudchiscent.— Lindl. Bot. Rcg. 1839, t. 09 ; F. Mucll. Pragm. iii. 12,
Lehm. in PI. Preiss. ii. 235 ; D. Preissii, Miq. iu Pl. Preiss. i. 223 (wdtli
pinnatifid leaves) ; D. Lehnanni, Miq. 1. c. i. 22-4 (with entire leaves).

W. Australia. Svvau River, Brummond, \st CoJl., Freiss, n. 1281 and 1282, aud
otliers, aiid thcncu to Murchisou river, Lrummond, n. 95, Oldfield. I have secn no speci-
mens froui Kiug George's Sound or any of thc southern districts. The Ibliagc is very
variable, aud the disk also appears to vary iu shape; the iuner margin or lobe is, however,
geuerally shortcr than tiie outcr one.

Var. (?) erlocarpa. Apparently dilFuse, softly pubcscent or hirsute. Lcavcs decply pin-
uatifid with sevcraJ cuiicate, cntire or toothed segments. Ovai-y very hirsute. The young
fruit also vcry hirsute, aud, apparently louger, more lobed and more membranous than in thc
ordinary forni, but uot scen full-gro\^'n.

W. Australia. Nichol ]iay, N.W. coast, F. Gregory.

3. D. Stuartii, I. Muell. Fragm. iii. 12. A shrub apparently diff^use,
thc brauchcs pubcsccnt and glandular. Leaves linear or cuucatc, entire or
3-lobed at the end, \ to J iu. long, uearly glabrous above, hirsutc undcrneath.
Racemes siinplc iu one specimeu, diviiled iuto tvvo iu thc othcr (both mcre frag-
meuts), glandular-pubcsceut aud hirsute. Flowcrs ratlier smallcr than in D.
Iluegelii. Margius or lobes of the disk ncarly cqual. Ovary very hirsute.
Ca])sule 4 or 5 lines long (3-lobcd ?), mcmbrauous, opcning loculicidally in
3 valvcs,

N. Australia. Bctvvceu Mouul Morphett aud Bouuy river, M'Douall ISluarl Ulerb.
F.Mucll.)

XXXVIII. SAPINDACEJE. 457

6. CUPANIA, Litm.

riowers regular, polygamous. Sepals 4 or 5, imbricate iu the bud. Peials
citlier as many as sepals, suiall, with or without scales iuside, or uoue. Disk
usually anuuhir. Stameus usually 8 to 10, iuserted iuside the disk ; fila-
uieuts short, rarely as lot)g as the calyx. Ovary 2- or 3-celled, rarely 4-celled,
with 1 ovule iu each cell. Capside obovoid or rarely globular, coriaceous or
hard, 2- or 3-, rarely 4-celIed, ofteu augled or lobed, opeuiug loculicidally iu
as many valves as cells. Seeds usually more or less covered by au arillus ;
testa crustaceous or coriaceous ; embryo curved ; cotyledous plauo-couvex. —
Trees or rarely tall shrubs. Leaves alteruate, piiuiate ; leafiets alteruate or
opposite, with or withoiit a termiual oue. Flowers small, in small axillary or
tenuiiud paiucles, sometimes aimost reduced to simple racemes. Petals
rarely as long as the sepals.

A large tropical genus, both in the New and the Okl World, the precise liniits of which are
vcry ditlicult to fix, aud are very differently viewed by diiicreut botauists. Tke Australiau
specics are all eudemic, as fai* as hitherto known.

Sfjials orbicular, much imbricate.
Sepals glabrous or ciliate only.

Le:iflets obtuse, pale or glaucous underncath. Capsule nearly

sessile, deeply 3-lobed 1. C. semiglauca.

Leaflets acuuiinate, very oblique, grcen ou both sides. Capsule

stipitate, 3-angled 2. C, imnctidata.

Lcaflets coriaceous, obtuse. Capsule ncarly sessile, slightly 3-

lobed, very coriaceous 2>. C. anacardioides.

Sepals tomentose.

Leaflets ghibrons, acutcly serrate 4. C. serrata.

Leaflets tomenlose uuderneath, nearly eutire 5. C.tomentdla.

Sepals ovate, slightly imbricate. Capsule 3-angled or globular, tlie
valvcs almost woody.
Leaflets numcrous, acuminate, serrate. Capsule very hirsute . . 6. C. pseudorhus.
Leaflcts few, eutire or slightly toothed.

Pauicles little-branched or racemes simple. Petals very short
aud broad. Capsule woody, villous iuside.
Inflorescence often branched, iipper male flowers sessile.
Young shoots aud uuder sidc of the leaves usually tomeu-

tose-pubescent 7. C xijlocarpa.

Racemes simple. Flowers all pedicellate. Leaves glabrous 8. C. nervosa.
Panicles terminal, much branched (though sliort). Flowers all

pedicellate. Petals oblong. Pilameuts rather long . . . 9. C. Bidwilli.

1. C. semiglauca, F. Muell. Herb. A middle-sized tree. Leaflets 2
to 4 or rarely 6, obloug-elliptical, or from almost obovate to uearly laueeolate,
obtuse or rarely almost acute or mucronate, 2 to 3 or rarely nearly 4 in. long,
entire, narrowed into a short petiolide, coriaceous, glabrous aud somewhat
shiuing above, more or less glaucous underueath. Pauicles either small and
axillary or terminal and much brauched, but shorter than the leavcs, glabrous
or miuutely pubescent. Pedicels short. Sepals orbicular, ciliate, othennse
glabrous, the larger imier ones about 1 line diameter. Petals shorter, with 2
cuneate hairy scaies as long as the petal. Statnens exserted. Ovary glabrous,
3-Iobed. Capsule 4 to 5 lines diameter, glabrous, very shortly attenuate at
the basc, with divarieate compressed lobes. Secds smooth and shiuiug,

458 xxxiri. sapindace.e. [Cupunia.

with a tliin arillus. — Arytera semlylauca, F. Muell. iu Tnuis. Vict. Inst. iii.
25.

Queensland. Moreton Bay, W. Ilill, F. Mueller.

N. S. 'Wales. Hastings aml Clarence rivers, Beckler ; Paramatta, Woolls ; Bluc
Mouutaius, Miss Atkuison ; S. of thc colony, rare, A. Cunningham ; Kiama, Ilarveij.

2. C. punctulata, J. Miiell. Fi-agm. iii. 12. A tall slirub, quite gla-
brous. Leaflets usually 4 to 7, on a long slender coinnion petiole, very ob-
liquely ovate-lauceolate, actuniuate, 3 to 4 in. long-, quite entire, thinly coria-
ceous, smooth and shining, miuutely pellucid-dotted, narrowcd iuto a petiohilc
of 1 in. or more. Flowers not seen. Fruitiug panicles short, slendcr, chis-
tcred in the axils or at the ends of the branclies. Pedicels short. Scpals
ofteu persistent or retlexed, orbicuhtr, about 1 liue long, ghabrous. Capsule
glabrous, 3-angled, llat at the top with the rcmains of the stylc forming a
point in the centre, aljout 4 lines broad, coutracted into a short obconical
stipcs, half opening in 3 coriaccous valves. Seeds not seen.

Queensland. Cumberland Islands, Fitzalan.

3. C. anacardioides, A. Rich. Sert. Astrol. 33, t. 13. A sleudcr
tree, quite ghnbrous or with a minute hoariucss on the inflorescence. Lcnflets
6 to 10, usually 8, from broadly ovate or obovate to eliiptical-oldong, vcry
obtuse, 2| to 4 iu. long, rounded at thc base and sliortly petiohdatc, quitc
cutire, coriaccous. Flowers rather harge for the genus, in pcchincuhate eynics
aloug the branchcs of loose panicles. Sepals orbicdar, tlie inner ones 2 lines
broad, slightly cihate. Petals small, orbicuhu', with 2 vcry short obovate
hirsute scales at the base. Stflmens 10 ; fihnnents short, liirsute ; authers
obloug. Ovary villous. Capsule glabrous, coriaceous, acutely and divari-
catcly 3-Iobed, 6 to 8 lines broad, very shortly attenuate at the base.

N. Australia. Port Essington, Armstrong.

Queensland. Brisbane river, Moreton Bay, Fraser, A. Ciinningliam, F. Mneller ;
Burdciiin rivcr, F. Mneller.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, 7?, Brown and others; Ilastiiigs river, Fraser, Beckler ;
Clarcncc river, ^Vilcox.

4. C. serrata, F. Miiell. Fragm. iii. 43. A tree, bnt flowcring whcu
still shrubby, the youug branches rusty with a close toiucntum. Lcailcts
usually 6 to 10, ovate-lauceolate or lauceolatc, acute or acumiuate, 3 to G iu.
loug, sharply and coarsely serrate, roimdcd at the basc and nearly sessilc,
rigid but not thick, shiniug above, very prominently piunatcly vcincd aud rc-
ticulate underueath. Panielcs in the upper axils, little branched or almost
rcduced to densc racemes of 2 or 3 in., softly tomentose or pubcsccut.
Flowcrs rathcr large, on very short pedicels. Sepals orbictdar, the innermost
fully 2 lines loug. Petals much shortcr, broad with a short 2-cIeft scalc at
the base. Anthers 8, oblong, ou very short filaments. Ovary in tlie males
rudimcntary, villous. Fcmale flowers and fruit uot seen.

Queensland. Piiic rivcr, Moreton Bay, W. Ilill.

5. C. tomentella, F. Mnell. Ilerh. Possibly a variety of C. serrata, of
which it has thc llcJwcrs. Brauches, petioles, and inflorcsceuce softly tonieu-
tose, almost villous. Leaflets 5 to 8, oblong or obovatc-oblong, obtusc, 2 t(
3 iji. long, minutely aud remotely dcnticulatc or uearly cntirc, on pctiolulc

Clipa?ua.'] XXXVIII. SAPINDACE.E. 459

often 2 lines long, tliinly coriaceous, glabrous above, softly tomentosc under-
neath. Panicles not mucli branclied. Bracts rather large, tomeiitose, de-
ciduous. Flowers nearly sessile. Sepals orbicular, and pctals small with a
sliort scale as in C. serrata. Anthei's oblong, slightly pubescent. Capsulc
3-augled, thickly coriaceous, velvety-tomentose and rugose, f in. broad.
Queenslaud. Moretou Bay, W. Hill.

6. C. pseudorhus, A. RicJi. Sert. Jstrol. 34, ^.14. A spreading
tree of moderate size, the young branches and petioles densely rusty-tomen-
tose. Leaves crowded under the panicles ; leaflets 13 to 21 or even more,
lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, 1| to 3 in. long or rarely more,
very oblique or almost falcate, nearly glabrous and shining above when full-
grown, more or less tomentose or pubescent underneath. Panicles usually
nuich-branched and rather dense, rarely exceeding the leaves, tomentose.
Flowers rather small, on very short pedicels. Sepals ovate, less imbricate
than in the preceding specics, the longest scarcely exceeding 1 line. Petals
orbicular, rather exceeding the sepals, the inner scales hirsute, as long as the
laniina. Stamens 8 or 9 ; anthers oblong. Ovary villous. Capside glo-
bular, slightly tobed, alraost woody, densely hirsute with sliort velvety hairs,
about \ in. diameter. Arillus small.

Queensland. Keppel Bay, R. Brown ; Brisbane river, Fraser, A. Cunningham, F,
Mueller ; Witle Bay, Bidivill ; Mackenzie Islaml, IFilco.v.

N. S. '^Vales. Hastings river, Fraser, Beckler ; Clarence river, Bec/der.

7. C. xylocarpa, A. Cunn. Ilerb.; F. Muell. Trans. Vict. Inst. iii. 27.
A moderate-sized tree, the young branches rusty-tomentose. Leaflets 3 to 6,
rarely more or reduced to 2, ovate obovate or elliptical-oblong, obtuse or
scareely aeuminate, 2 to 3 in. long or rarely more, slightly and irregularly
sinuate-toothed or entire, glabrous and shining above, more or less pubesccnt
underneath or rarely almost glabrous, with hairy tufts almost always con-
spicuous in the axils of the raised primary veins. Panicles short and little
branched, often reduced to simple racemes and rarely above two inches long,
shortly tomentose. Plowers small, the upper male ones sessile, the lower
bermaphrodite and pedicellate. Sepals ovate, tomentose, under 1 line long,
unequal and slightly imbricate. Petals veiy smaU, with a minute scale at the
base. Stamens 8 to 10 ; tilaments oblong. Ovary tomcntose, oceasionally
4-merous. Capsule nearly globular, 3-angIed, about \ in. broad, woody,
glabrous or minutely tomentose outside, the valves villous inside. Arillus
small.

Queensland. Bnrnett rivcr, F. Mueller ; Brisbane river, A. Cunningham ; Logau
rivi T, Fraser ; Ciirtis IslaiiJ, Ileinie.

N. S. 'Virales. Clareuce rivcr, Beckler. The foliage of this specics often closely re-
sembles that of Nephelittm tomentosum.

8. C. nervosa, T. Muell. in Trans. Vict. Inst. iii. 27. A moderate-
sized tree, thc young branches and inflorescence minutely hoary-tomentose,
otherwise glabrons. Lealiets 3 to 6, rarely more or reduced to 2, lanceolate
or rarcly elliptical-oblong, mostly 3 to 6 in. long, sinuate-toothed or eutire,
glabrous, with very rarely small tufts underneath in the axils of the raised
primary veins. Raccmes usually simple, axillary, 1 to 2 in. long, tlic flowers

460 XXXVIII. sapindacEjE. [Cupania.

all pciliccUate and larger tlian in C. xylocarpa. Sepals narrow-ovate, sliglitly
iinbricate, above 1 line long. Petals vcry small, witli a very sliort scale.
Anthers oblong, hirsutc at first, but soon glabrous. Capsule nearly glo-
bular, 3-angleci, about \ in. broad, woody, glabrous or nearly so outside, the
valves vUlous inside.

Queensland. Moreton Bay, F. MtieJler ; Roelvhamptoii, Thozet ; also ia A. Cunuiiig-
ham's aiul Leichliardt's collcctions, without the precisc statioii.

N. S. VlTales. Richmond river, C. Moore ; Clarence river, Beckler.

Cuuuingliam^s aud Leichhardfs are the oniy spccimens I have seeu in flower, the others
are iu fruit only, aud may possibly inchide soiiie glabrous specimens of C. xijlocarpa, to
which this species is very ucarly allied. It is also closely alJicd to, although uot quite iden-
tical with, C.falcata, A. Gray, frora the Fiji islauds.

9 ? C. Bidwilli, Benth. A tree, the young shoots and inflorescence
minutcly tonientose. Leaves 2 to 4, ovate oblong or ovate-lanceolate, ob-
tuse or scarcely acuminate, 3 to 6 in. long, entire or obscurely sinuate-toothed,
ghibrous on both sides, with fcw or no tufts in the axUs of the raiscd primary
veins underneath. Panicles teruiinal, much branched, but shortcr than the
leaves. Flowers small, all pedicellate. Sepals tomcntose, narrow-ovate,
slightly imbricate, about 1 line long. Petals rather shorter than the ealyx,
oblong, concave, with 2 minute hii'sute auricle-like scales at the base of the
himina. Stamens about 8; filaments nearly as long as the calyx; anthers
oblong. Ovary hirsute. Fruit not secn.

Queensland. Widc liay, Bldwill. Allhough l have not seeu the fruit, this species
has all thc appearance of a true Ciqmnia. It has some gcneral rescinljlance to a Philippine
Island species, n. 1237 of Cuining, which is I believe as yet uiipublishcd.

7. RATONIA, DC.

(Arytcra, Blumc)

Flowers regular, polygamous. Cnlyx small, cup-shaped, 4- or 5-toothcd
or lobcd, open, valvate, or slightly imbricate in the bud. Pctals 4 or 5,
small, witli or without scales inside, or none. Disk usually annular. Sta-
mens 7 to 10, inserted inside the disk ; filaments fiUform, longer than the
calyx. Ovary 2- or 3-ceIled, with 1 ovule in each cell. Capsnle cithcr 2-
celled and conipressed, or 3-ceIled and 3-angIed or 3-lobed, loculicidally 2- or
3-vaIved, rarely almost indehiscent. Secds more or less covcred by an arillus ;
testa crustaceous ; cotyledons thick, often curved or foldcd. — Trees. Leaves
altcrnate, pinnate ; leaflets alteriiate or opposite, usually without a tCrminal
one. Flowcrs small, in terminal or axillary paniclcs. Pctals rarcly as long
as tlie calyx.

A large tropical gcnns, with tlie same range as Ciipatiia, but cspccially nuinerous in Ame-
rica. The Australian species are all cudcmic. It is elosely allied to Ci(pania, vvith which it
is usually joiued, but the gamosepaloiis calyx aud loug filameiits appear to give it at least
as great a value as several other gcnerally adiuittcd gcnera o{ Sapindacece.

Capsulc distinctly stipitate, 3-augled or pear-shaped. Leaflcts coriaceous.
Leaflcts lai'ge, very coriaceous, the vcius scarcely promincnt. Petals 5.

Capsule glahrous inside 1. R. pijriformis.

Ijcaflets thinly coriaceous, much reticulate. Petals none. Capsule

densely woolly inside %. R. anodonta.

Leadcts oblong-laiiccolate, very coriaceoiis, the margins thickcncd ;

primary veius promincnt. Capsulc glabrous insidc 3. i^. stipitata.

Ratonia.] xxviii. SAPlNDACEiE. 461

Capsule nearly scssile, flattcned and 2-celled or rarely 3-lobed. Lcaflets
scarcely coriaccous.
Filamcnts long, very woolly. Stylcs unitcd to the middle .... 4. i?. tpnar.
Filaments short, slightly hairy. Styles distinct from the base . . ^. R. distylis.

1. R. pyriformis, Bentli. A tree of considerable size, but flowerin^
soinetimes as a shrub, glabrous except a minute lioariness on tlie young
shoots and panicles. Leaflcts 3 to 6, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, sliortly acu-
niinate, 4 to 6 in. long, entire, very coriaceous, on petiolules of \ in. or niore.
Flowers very small, sliortly pediceUate, singly or in little cyines of 2 or 3
along the raceme-like branches of tlie panicle. Calyx nearly 1 line diameter,
shortly and broadly 5-lobed. Petals 5, scarcely exceeding the calyx-lobes,
cuneate or spathukte, the inner scales lining and bordering the base of the
lamina. Stamens in the male flower 8, much exserted, the filaments slightly
hirsute, in the females fcw, with short filaments. Ovary stipitate, slightly
hirsute, style filiform, with 3 diverging stigmatic lobes. Capside globuhu--
pear-shaped, about 4 lines diameter, narrowed into a long stipes, glabrous,
with 3 raised ribs, appearing almost dnipaceous and scarcely dehiscent.
Seeds often reduced to 2 or 1, enclosed in the arillus ; cotyledons much
folded. — Schmldelia pyriformis, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 2.

Queensland. Brisbane river, Moreton Bay, A. OunningJmm, W. Hitl, F. Mueller.

2. R. anodonta, Benlh. A tree of considerable size, flowering also as
a slirub, cpiite glabrous. Leaflets 2, 3, or rarely 4, ovate or ovate-lanceolate,
obtuse or obtusely acuminate, 2 to 4 in.long, coriaceous,but not thick,very much
reticuhite, narrowed into a petiolule of \ to nearly \ in. Panicle glabrous, slen-
der, not much branched. Calyx glabrous, about f line diaraeter. Petals none.
Filaments exserted, glabrous. Ovary stipitate, almost ghibrous ; style shortly
subuhite, with diverging stigmatic lobes. Capsule pear-shapcd, somewhat
3-anglcd, nearly h in. broad, tlie valves ahuost woody, densely villous inside.
Seeds often reduced to 2 or 1, encloscd in the arillus. Embryo much curvcd ;
cotyledons fohled, but less so than n\ R. pyriformis. — Schmidelia anodonta,
F. MuelL Fragm. i. 2 ; Cupania anodonta, E. Muell. Fragm. ii. 76.

Queensland. Brisbane river, Morcton Bay, A. Cunningham, W. Hill ; Mackenzie
river, Leivhhardt.

3. R. stipitata, Benth. A moderate-sized tree, ghibrous except a mi-
nute tomentum on the young branches and inflorescence. Leaflets 3 to 6,
oblong-lanceolate, acute, 2 to 3 in. long, narrowed into a petiolule of 3 or 4
lines, coriaceous, very rigid, sliining above, the primary veins very prominent
underneath. Panicles axilhn-y and terminal, divaricately branched. Flowers
not seen. Fruiting pedicels 2 to 3 lines long. Calyx persistent, very small,
acutely 4 or 5-lobed. Capsule 3-angled, depressed at the top, ^ in. broad, nar-
rowed into a short but distinct stipes, valves tliickly coriaccous, ahnost
woodv, glabrous and reddish inside. Seeds shining, in a thin arillus. — Cii-
pania dipata, F. MuelL Fragm. ii. 75 and 175.

N. S. Wales. Clarence river, Bechler. I have corrected the specific namc to stipi-
tata, froni the stipitate capsiiles, stipata (encircled) having been probably a clerical error.

4. R. tenax, Benth. A moderate-sized trce, quite glabrous except the
flowers. Leaflets usually 3, but varying from 2 to 6, from obovate to oblong-

463 XXXVIII. SAPINDACE^. [Jlalotiia.

clliptical or lanccolate, obtusc, T|- to 2 or rarcly 3 in. long, mucli narrowcd
at tlie basc but scarccly ])ctiolulate, tliinly coriaceous, sliinini^- abovc, pale or
sometimcs slightly glaucous undcrneath. Paniclcs sniall, little branched.
Oalyx a little above 1 line broad, 5-lobcd. Petals small, broad, the scale in-
side very hairy. Stamens about 8, the exserted tilaments vvoolly-hairy.
Ovary stipitate, 2- or rarcly 3-cellcd. Style rather short, with spreading
stigmatic lobes. Capsule usually ilattened, 2-celled, about ^ in. broad, con-
tractcd into a very short stipcs ; valvcs thick, densely villous inside. Sccds
apparently only half enveloped in the arillus, but rauch injured in the speci-
niens examined. — C/tpania tenax, A. Cunn. Herb.

Queensland. Brisbaiie river, A. Cunningham, W. TliU, F. Mueller ; Port Curtis, C.

Moore.

5. R. distylis, J. Mnell. Ilerh. A tree of considerable height, glabrous,
cxccpt the inflorcscence, and sometimes the very young shoots. Leaflets 2,
or somctiraes reduced to 1, at the end of a short common petiole, frora
obovate-oblong to elliptical or lanceolate, obtuse or shortly acuminate, 2 to
3 in. long, iiaiTowed into a short petiolule, tliinly coriaceous, reticulate.
Panicles small, pubescent, with mimite apprcssed hairs, the feraales often
reduced to siraple racemes. Calyx small, broad, shortly 5-toothcd. Petals
minute, orbicular, with a hairy scalc at the base. Pilaraents shorter than in
the other species, cspecially in thc females ; anthers ratlier large, pubescent.
Ovary broadly obcordate, strigose-pid)escent. Styles divided to thc base,
revolute. Capsule flattish, 2-ceIlcd, about f in. broad; the valves coriaceous,
slightly hairy inside, Seeds not seen.

Queensland. Brisbane rivcr, Moreton Bay, W. HiH ; Port Dciiison, Fitzalan ;
I?iiuija Crcck Brush, Leichhardl.

8. ATALAYA, Blume.

riowers regular, polygamous. Sepals 5, rauch irabricate in the bud.
Pelals 5, cxceeding the sepals, with an inner seale or tuft of hairs. Disk
anmdar. Stamens 8, insertcd insidc the disk. Ovary 3-celled, witli 1 ovule
in eacli cell. Style short, undividcd. Fruit separating into 3 distinct carpels
or samarae, 1-ceIled, 1-seeded and indchisccnt at the basc, terminating in a
long wing. Seeds without any arillus, tcsta coriaceous ; cotylcdons thick,
une(pial. — Trees or shrubs. Lcaves pinnate or rarely simplc!. Flowers usually
largcr than iu Cupania and Raionia, in axiJIary or terminal paniclcs.

The genus is endemic in Australia, with thc exception of one specics, whicli cxtends
to Timor. Thc flowcrs are ncarly (hose of Sapindiis, witli the fruit of Thoiiinia ancl
Acer.

Flowcrs aud fruit, as wc!l as thc wholc plaut, {[uitc glabrous .... 1. A. salicifolia.
Ilowcrs aud fruit morc or lcss pubcsccnt or tomeutose.

L(!aflcts ovatc or broadly obloug, thc pctiolc uot wingcd. Panide

pedunculate, many-tloweiTd. ('arpcls divai-icatc 2. A. mnltijlora.

Leallcts narrow-obloug or linear, or Jcaves uudividcd, the pctiolc
oftcn vvingcd. Carpcis divcrgiiig.

Phuit ghibrous, cxccpt tlic flowcrs 3. ^ . hemiglanca.

Brauches, youug leaves, and ))aiiiclcs velvcty-tonieutosc. Lcaflets

aud petiole-wings mucli reticulate \. A. variifolia.

Atalayci.'] xxxviii. sapindace.e. 463

1. A. salicifolia, Blnwe, Rumplda, iii. 186. A small tree, quite gla-
brous, greeu or soniewhat glaucous. Leaflets iu our specimcns 2 to 5, oblong
or oblong-lanceolate, 3 to 5 iu. loug, narrowed at thc base, but not petiolu-
late, thinly coriaceous, with numerous pinuate veius, aud more or less reticu-
hite, the margius not thickeued. Panicles loose, perfectly ghabrous, as well
as the flowers, except a few hairs on the filameuts and petal-scales. Floivers
otiierwise those of A. hemiglauca. Saraarte about f to 1 in. loug, iuchiding
tlie wing, aud perfectly ghibrous. — Sapmdns saUcifoUm, DC. Prod. i. 608 ;
Ciipania salicifolia, Dcne. llerb. Tim. Descr. 115 ; Ihoiiinia ausiraUs, A. Eich.
Sert. Astrol. 31, t. 12.

W. Australia. Careening Bay, N.W. coast, A. Cunningham ; Melville Island (not
Moreton Bav), Fraser aud A. Cunningham. Also in Timor, the specimens precisely similar
to tlie Australiaii ones.

2. A. multifiora, Benth. A tall shrub or small tree, glabrous except
tlie iufloresceuce. Leaflets 2 to 6, ovate or oblong, very obtuse, 2 to 3 iu.
long or rarely more, distinctly petiobihite, coriaceous and strongly reticulate.
Panicle peduucidate above the last leaves, obloug or pyramidal, minutely
tomentose-pubesceut. Flowers very uumerous, the small scale-Iike bracts
]nore conspicuous than in the other specics. Plowers of A. hemiglaaca.
Ovary slightly pubescent. Samaraj 1 to 1|- iu. loug, includiug the straight or
falcate wing, very divaricate, pubescent or nearly glabrous.

Queensland. Cape York and Tnnity Islaud, M^Gillivray ; Brisbane river, W. Hill,
F. Mueller.

3. A. hemiglauca, F. Mnell. Herb. A tall shrub or small tree, quite
glabrous except the flowers, and more or less glaucous. Leaves usually
pinuate ; leaflets few, from uarrow-oblong to linear, obtuse or scarcely acute,
from 2 or 3 to 7 or 8 in. loug, often somewhat falcate, narrowed at the base
but rarely petiolulatc, rigidiy coriaceous, with uiuuerous piuiuate aud reticulate
veins aud a somewhat thickened niargin, the commou petiole 1 erete or nearly
so ; sometimcs, however, the petiole becomes winged, or the leaves are quite
siniple, oblong, or linear, or the leaflets are decurreut ou the petiole formiug
a large 2- or 3-Iobed leaf, or rarely the simple leaf is ovate-Ianceolatc, and
8 to 10 in. loug. Panicles rather dense, tlie rhachis and l)ranches glabrous
or nearly so ; pedicels 1 to 2 liues long. Sepals orbicidar, nearly glabrous,
ly or tlie inner ones nearly 2 liues long. Petals pubesceut, obloug, 3 to
4 lines long, with a hirsute scale at the base. Filameuts pubescent. Ovaiy
densely silky-pubesceut. Samarfe pubesccnt, with niinute appressed hairs,
1 to l^ in. long, iucluding the wing, which is uearly as broad as long, tlie
cavity hairy or nearly glabrous inside. — Thouinia heniiglauca, F. IMuell.
Fragm. i. 98.

rj. Australia. N.W. coast, Bi/noe ; Hammersley Range, Nicliol Bay, F. Gregory ;
Albert river, Henne.

Queeusland. E. coast, R. Broiai ; Oxley's Station, LeichJiardt ; Rockhamijton,
Thozet : Biisbane ri\-cr, A. Cnnnbujham, Fraser ; Mooui rivcr, Mitchelt.

N. S. Wales. Livcrpool plains, J. Ctinninfjham ; Bowen and Castlereagh rivers, F.
Muelter ; desert of the Darling, and tlicncc to Stokes rauge and Coopcr's Crcck, Vicforian
Expediiion and others.

4. A. variifoiia, Z Muell. Herb. A tall shrub or sniall trec, tlie young

46^ xxxviii. sapindacej:. {Atnlaya.

branches ancl panicles softly velvcty-tomentose. Leaves or leaflets from
ol)long to linear, apparently as variable as in A. hemiglaucd, bnt longer, often
above 8 in., very nuich raore reticnlate, the common petiole nsually brondly
winged, ibe vving also much reticulate. Panicle loose. Sepals silky-pubescfMit,
about l^ lines long. Petals twice as long. Pilaments hairy. Samara; soflly
tomentose, 2 in. long inckiding the wing, which is fully twice as long as broad,
the cavity pubcscent inside. — Tkouinia rariifolia, F. Mnell. Fragm.. i. 46.
N. Australia. Sca range, Macadam range, and near Fitzraauricc river, F. Mueller.

9. SAPINDTJS, Linn.

Flowers regnlar, polygamous. Sepals 4 or 5, ranch imbricate in the bnd.
Petals as raany, usnally exceeding the sepals, with 1 or 2 inner scales or with-
out any. Disk annular. Stamens usually 8 to 10. Ovary 2- to 4-lobed,
2- to 4-celled, with 1 ovule in each cell. Style with 2 to 4 stigmatic lobcs.
Fruit iieshy or coriaceous, divided into 2 to 4 globular or ovoid indehiscent
lobes, not inuricatc. Seeds Avithout any arillus ; cmbiyo straight or ciUTcd ;
cotyledons thick. — Trees or shrubs, rarely climbiug. Leavcs pinnatc, rarely
1-foliolate. Flowers in terminal or axillary panicles.

The gcnus is widcly dispcrscd ovcr tropical rcgions, but less nuiiierous in Amcrica llian
in Asia. Thc Australian spccics is, as far as known, cndcniic ; but, likc niany othcrs of Ihe
gcuus, it must remain in sonie mcasure doubtful uutil the fruit has becn seen.

1. S. (?) australis, Benth. Young branches, petioles, and panicles
pale or hoary with a very niinute tomentum. Leaflets, iu our specimens, 4
or 6, broadly ovate, obtuse, 3 to 5 in. long, entire, often oblique, narrowed
into a short petiolule, coriaceous, glabrous, much veined, of a pale, alniost
glaucous colour. Panicle loose, longer than the leaves. Flowers shortly
pedicellate, in little loose cymes along the divaricate branches. Sepals in the
nude flowers, the only ones seen, hoary-tomentose, rather above 1 line long.
l\^tals nearly 2 lines long, oval-oblong, narrowed into a short claw, jnibesceut
outside, with a single short broad scale inside fringed with long hairs. Sta-
niens nsually 8, as long as the petals. Filaments hairy.

Queensland. Capc York, M'GiUivraij. In Ihe absencc of fcmale flowcrs nnd fruit, I
have referrcd this plant to Safindus, froin its gcneral rcsemblancc in habit and malc liowcrs
to S. emarijinatHS, Roxb.

10. NEPHELIUM, Linn.

Flowers regular, polygamous. Calyx small, cup-shaped, with 4 or 5 rarely
6 teeth or lobes, valvatc or slightly inibricate in the bnd. Petals none, or as
many as calyx-lobes, small, with a 2-clel't scalc or 2 scales inside. Disk
annular. Stamens 6 to 10, inserted witliin the disk ; filaments in the Ans-
trnlian species short, in others elongated. Ovary 2- or S-celled, usually lohed,
with 1 ovule in each cell. Style with 2 or 3 stigmatic lobes. Fruit usually
deeply 2- or 3-lobed, or rarely entire, 2- or 3-celled, or rednced to a singie
carpel, the lobes indehisccnt or 2-valved, or opening irregularly, nnaieate, or
in the Australian species smooth. Seeds usually wholly or partially enclosed
in an arillus ; tcsta coriaceous ; cotyledons thick.— Trees, with thc habit of
Cupania. Leaves abruptly pinnate; leaflets opposite or alternate, the pri-

Nephelium.'] xxxviii. SAPiNDACEiE. 465

mary parallel pinnate veins prominent undemeath in all the Australian species
except N. micropki/llum. Flowers sraall, in axillary or terminal panicles.

The genus cxtends over tropical Asia, espeeially the Archipelago. The Australian species
are all endemic, and differ from the majority of the Asiatic ones in their smooth fruit and
shorter tilaments. The flowers are ncarly those of Ratonia ; but the fruit does not open in
septiferous valves, even when, as in N. connaiin», it is scarcely lobed. It is also very nearly
allied to Eiiphoria, differing chiefly in thc smaller gamosepalous calyx. The distinctions,
however, hetween Cnpania, Ratonia, Nephetium, Euphoria, and several others, are very
slight.

Carpels quite conuate, the capsule not depressed in the centre betweea

them.
Lcaflets slightly honry or pubescent. Panicle much-branched,

many-flowered. Petals 5. Capsule scarcely coriaceous . . . \. N. connatum.
Leaflets rigid, glabrons, mostly toothed. Panicles scarcely

branchcd. Pctals none. Capsule very coriaceous . . . . 2. iV. subdentatum.
Carpels globular, the capsule depressed iu the centre and deeply

lobed.
Fruit densely villous. Leaflets 4 or more, mostly toothed; tomen-

tose-villous underneath 3. iV. tomentosum.

Fruit minutely hoary. Leaflets 2, entire, coriaceous, glaucous

underneath , 4. iV. coriaceum.

Fruit thickly coriaceous, nearly glabrous outside, very hairy inside.

Panicle very tomentose. Leaflets glabrous 5. N. foveolatum.

Fruit thinly coriaceons, glabrous. Panicle nearly glabrous. Leaflets

quite glabrous &. N. leiocarjium.

Carpels ovoid, united only by their attenuated bases.

Leaflets 4 or 6, with few, parallel, proniinent vcins (as in all the
preccding specics). Panicles loose, many-flowered.

Calyx divided to the base into imbricate scgments . . . . 7. N. Bectcleri.

Calyx divided to the middle into broad obtuse lobes . . . . %. N. divaricatum.
Leaflets 2, small, with uumerous, scarcely promiuent veins. Pa-

niclcs short 9. iV. microphyllum.

1. N. connatum, F. Muell. Herb. A tree of 20 to 40 ft., the young
shoots and inflorescence minutely hoary-tomentose. Leaflets 2 to 6, from
obovate to oblonoj-hmceolate, obtuse, 2^ to 4 in. long, narrowed at the base,
but scarcely petiohilate, quite entire or very obscurely sinuate, thiuly coria-
ceous, glabrous and shining above, somewhat glaucous or minutely tomentose
underneath. Flowers small and numerous, in pyramidal panicles rarely ex-
ceeding the leaves. Calyx 5-lobed, about 1 line diameter. Petals about
^ line long, the inner scale as long as the hamina. Filaments short ; anthers
exserted, oblong, pubescent. Ovary 3-ceUed ; style thickened at the base,
Fruit 3-furrowed or 3-lobed, but not deeply so, mucronate, and not depressed
in the centrc, somewhat inflated, scarcely coriaceous, hoaiy, indehiscent or
spbtting irregularly. Seeds small, shining, black, in a bright red cupular
ariUus. — Spanoghea connata, F. MueU. in Trans. Vict. Inst. iii. 26.

Queensland. Keppel Bay, R. Brown ; Brisbane river, Moreton Eay, J. Cunningham.,
W. Ilill, F. Mucller ; Port Denison, Fitzalan. This is ccrtainly the Sapindus cinereus, A.
Cunn., referred to by A. Gray, in Bot. Amer. ExpL Exped. i. 258 ; but the phmt from
Hunter's River, more especially described by A. Gi-ay, with coarsely serrate leaves and gla-
brous bracts, is probably difterent.

2. N. subdeutatum, -F. Muell. (as a var. of N. connatum). A taU
shrub or small tree, the young shoots and inflorescence slightly pubescent

VOL. I. 2 H

466 xxxvui. SAPiNDACE^. [NepJtelium.

with minute appressed liairs. Leaflets 2 to 6, ovate or ovate-lanceolate,
obtuse or scarcely acute, irregularly sinuate-toothed or rarely ahnost entire,
coriaceous, glabrous on both sides and shining above. Panicles short, Httle
branched. Pedicels short. Calyx truncate or shortly and broadly lobed.
Petals none. Piiaments very sliort ; anthers oblong, scarcely pubescent.
Ovary tomentose, 3- or 3-celled ; fruit truncate at tlie top, sUghtly hoary
with a minute tomentum, the lobes, usually 2 only, compressed-globular,
united to the top, hard and indehiscent.

. N. S. Wales. Tenterfield, New England, C. Stuart ; " Tarampa Hill," Leichhardt.
F. Mueller thinks that this luay be a glabrescent form of N. connatum, but there is a con-
siderable differencc in gcueral aspect ; the calyx is more opeu and less lobed, I can fiud no
petals, andtliefruit is differeutly shaped.

3. N. tomentosum, F. Mtiell. in Trans. Vict. Inst. ii. 64. A tree of
20 to 30 ft.jtheyoung branches and petioles clothed with a soft rust-coloui*ed
velvety tomentum. Leaflets 4 to 8, from oval-oblong to oblong-lanceolate,
acute, or rarely obtuse, 2 to 4 in. long, acutely toothed or rarely ahnost
entire, thinly coriaceous, pubescent above or at length glabrous, tomentose-
pubescent underneath. Plowers small, crowded, on short slightly-branched
tomentose panicles, sometimes redueed to siniple racemes. Pedicels very
short. Calyx nearly 1 line long, the lobes rather deep and acute. Petals none.
Filaments very short ; anthers oblong, exserted, glabrous or slightly puhes-
cent. Ovary tomentose, 2- or 3-Iobed ; style short, Avith spreading stigmas.
Pruit softly tomentose-villous, depressed at the top, of 2 or rarely 3 globular
slightly compressed lobes, united to the top, 4 or 5 lines diameter, rather
hard, indehiscent. Seeds half immersed in a yellowish arillus.

Queensland. Brcmer river, Moreton Bay, A. Cunningham, W. Hill, F. Mueller.
N. S. Wales. Clarence river, Wilcox, Beckler.

4. IV. coriaceum, Benth. Young branches slightly hoary with a very
rainute tomentum. Leaflets in our specimens always 2, obovate-oblong or
clliptical, 2^ to 4 in. long, very obtuse, quite entire, coriaceous, glabrous and
shining above, pale or glaucous underneath, roimded at the base, on a short
petiolule. Flowers not seen. Fruiting panicle branched, shorter than the
leaves. Calyx small, Avith rather acute lobes. Fruits hoary-tomentose,
mostly 3-Iobed, much depressed in the centre, the lobes nearly globular, cori-
aceous, indehiscent.

Queeusland. Brisbane river, Fraser.

5 . N. foveolatum, F. Mnell. Ilerb. A tree of considerablc size, the '
young branches aud intlorescenee rusty-tomentose. Leaflets 4 to 6, ovate-
lanceolate, or almost ovate, obtuse or acuminate, 3 to 5 in. long, entire or
sinuate-toothed, narrowed into a distinct petiolule of 1 to 3 lines, thinly
coriaceous, glabrous or rarely slightly pubesceut underneath, having frequently
a cup-shaped cavity iu the axils of the primary veins. Panicles in the upper
axils broad and many-flowered but shorter than the leaves, the flowers in little
clusters or cymes along the principal branches. Calyx tomentose, deeply
divided into lanceolate lobes of nearly 1 line, valvate in the bud. Petals
minute or rudimentary. Filaments nearly as long as the calyx ; anthers
oblong, pubescent. Fruit tomentose, deeply divided into 2, 3, or soraetimes

Nephelium.'] xxxviii. sapindace^. 467

4 ovoid lobes, attaining sometinies ^ in., opening in 2 thickly coriaceous
valves. Seeds completely enveloped in the aiillus. — Arytera foveolata, F.
Muell. in Trans. Vict. Inst. iii. 24.

Queensland. Moreton Bay, W. Hill, F. 3IueUer.

6. IXr. leiocarpum, F. Muell. Herb. A tall tree, usually glabrous
except a very slight pubescence on the young leaves and shoots, and some-
times on the panicles. Leaflets 2 to 6, mostly oblong-elliptical, ovate-lanceo-
late or Linceolate, acuraiuate or obtuse, 3 to 4 or even 5 in. long, but more
variable in size and shape than in most species, entire or rarely with a few deep
serratures, narrowed into a very short petiolule, not coriaceous. Panicles
loose, not much brancheil, usually ghibrous. Calyx about 1 line diameter,
with very short broad teeth. Petals broad and short but variable, the scale
usually nearly as long as the lamina. Filaments often exceeding the calyx ;
anthers oblong, glabrous or nearly so. Fruit sessile or nearly so, glabrous,
with distinct globuhir lobes of 4 to 5 lines diameter, coriaceous, indehiscent
or opening iiTcgularly in a longitudinal slit, or breaking off transversely.
Seed deeply enclosed in the arillus. — Spanoghea nephelioides, F. Muell. in
Trans. Vict. Inst. iii. 25.

Queensland. Brisbane river, F. Mueller ; Curtis Island, Heime (a var. with smaller
niore obtuse and more coriaceous lcaflets).

N. S. 'Wales. Port Jackson, R. Broion ; northward to Hastings river, Fraser,
Beckler ; Richmond river, C. Moore ; ^Macleay and Clarence rivers, Beckler ; southward
to Illawarra, A. Cunningham, Backhouse ; Kiama, Harveij ; Tvvofold Bay, F. Mueller.

7. N. Beckleri, Benth. A tree of considerable size, the young shoots
and inflorescence slightly hoary with a minute tomentura, otherwise glabrous.
Leaflets 3 to 6, ovate-lanceohite or oblong, obtuse or obtusely acurainate, 2 to 4
in. or when luxuriant 6 in. long, entire, narrowed into a petiolule of 8 to 6
lines, thinly coriaceous, quite glabrous. Panicles much branched. Flowers
numerous, shortly pedicellate. Calyx pubescent, deeply divided into 5 orbi-
cular or broadly-ovate very obtuse segments about f line long. Petals in the
males short, with a very small scale, in the females longer with a more deve-
loped scale. Pilaraents very short ; anthers oblong, pubescent. Fruit dis-
tinctly stipitate, glabrous, with 2 or 3 horizontally divaricate ovoid lobes
of about -j in., either indehiscent or rai'ely opening in a short slit ; often re-
duced to a single perfect lobe, the two others forming short tubercles at its
base.

N. S. 'Wales. Clarence river, Beckler. The calyx is more deeply cleft and more im-
bricate than in any other Nephelium, thus approaching that of Eupharia ; but the species is
too closely allied in fruit and other characters to N. dicaricatum to be genericaUy separated
from it.

8. N. divaricatum, F. Muell. Herb. A handsome tree of considerable
height, the young shoots atul panicles slightly hoary with a minute tomentura,
otherwise glabrous. Leaflets 4 or rarely 2, oval-oblong, eUiptical or oblong-
lanceolate, obtuse or acuminate, 2 to 3 or rarely 4 in. long, entire, narrowed
into a petiolule of 2 or 3 lines, thinly coriaceous. Panicles loose, with few
divaricate branches, the flower-cymes shortly pedunculate. Calyx very open,
about \ line long, pubescent, divided to the middle into 5 or rarely 4 broad
obtuse lobes. Petals small, the inner scale short or in some feraales nearly

2 u- 2

468 XXXVIII. SAPINDACE.E. [Neplielium.

as long as tlie lamina. Pilaments sliort ; aiithers oblong, pubescent. Ovary
tomentose. Friiit glabrous, sessile or nearly so, witli 1, 2, or 3 ovoid or
nearly globular lobes, indeliiscent or splitting longitiulinally, more or lcss
villoLis inside. Seed nearly enveloped in tlie arillus. — AryLera divaricala, V.
MucU. in Trans. Vict. Inst. iii. 25.

Queeusland. Brisbaiie river, Moreton Bay, A. Cunningham, W. Hlll, F. MueUer ;
Piiie river, Fifzalan.

9. 3M. micropliyllum, Benth. Glabrous or the young slioots minutely
lioary. Leaflets 2 or rarely 1 only, ovate or obovate, obtuse, |^ to l^ in. long,
entire, narrowcd at tlie base biit not pctiolulate, somewhat coriaceous, the
primary veins numerous and fine, not distant and raised as in otlier species.
Flowers not seen. Fiiiiting paniclcs short and rather dense. Calyx snudl,
5-lobed. Fruit giabrous, abuost sessile, with 1, 2, or rarcly 3 ovoid lobcs,
about 5 lines long, splitting irregularly like those of N. divaricaium, hirsute
inside.

Queensland. Wide Bay, Bidwill.

There are in R. Browu's herbarium speciraens in flowers only, froni IIuntcr's River, of
what appears to be a Nephelitim or CiqHinia, ditlerent froui any of those above deseribed ;
but, in the absence of fruit, I am unable to satisfy niyself as to which gcuus it should be
referred to, aud thercfore refraiu from publishing it.

11. EUPHORIA, Juss.

Flowers regular, polygamous. Sepals 5, distinct, imbricate or valvate in
the bud. Petals none or as many as sepals, with or A\ithout a scale inside.
Disk annular. Stamens 6 to 10, inserted withiu the disk ; filanu-nts short.
Ovary 2- or 3-celled, usually lobed, with 1 ovule in each ccU; style deeply
2- or 3-lobed, or dividcd to the base into distinet styles. Fruit deeply 2- or
3-lobed, or reduced to a single carpel, the lobes usually indehiscent, tubercu-
late. Seeds enclosed in a pulpy arilkis ; testa coriaceous ; cotylcdons thiek.
— Trees, with the young shoots usually pubescent. Lcaves pinnate ; leaflets,
as in NepheUuni, with the primary pinnate veins raised underneath. Flowers
small, in terminal panicles.

The genus extends over tropical Asia, cspecially the Archipelago, with one Australian en-
deniic spccies. It is very nearly allicd to Nepheliiim, ditlering chiefly in the distinct sepals
(in which res])ect N. Beckleri comcs very near to Eiiphoria), aud froni the Australian Ne-
phelia iu the tubcrcnlate fruit.

1. C Leichhardtii, Beuth. Young branchcs, petioles, and inflorcscence
rusty-tomcntose. Leaflets about 6, from obovate-obk)ng to ovate-lanceolate,
ol)tuse or aeuminatc, 2 to 3 iu. long, entire, rather thin, glabrous or uearly
so above, tomentose or pubcscent underncath, naiTowed into a short petiolule.
Panicles terminal, sessile, rather large, the flowers iu little dense cymes along
its branches. Sepals about 1 line long, tomentose, imbricate. Petals rather
shorter, wilhout any scale, but hairy inside, glabrous outside in tlie typical
form. Fihinients longer than the calyx ; anthers ovoid. Ovary 3-celled.
Style rather thick, with 3 divergent lobes. Young fruit deeply divided iuto
3 globuLir lobes, very tomentose and tubcrcuhate, but not secn fully formed.

Queensland (?), leirhhnrdt {Ilerb. F. Muell.).

Var. hebepetala. Caly.x ratlicr smaller. Petals pnbcsccnt outside. " Nurrum Nurrum,"
Leichhardt {Uerb. F. Miietl).

XXXVIII. SAPINDACE.*:. 469

12. HETERODEITDIION, Desf.

Flovvers regular, usually herinaphrodite. Calyx broadly cup-shaped, very
shortly and irregularly toothed. Petals none. Disk small. Staiuens 6 to
15, iuserted witliin or upoii tlie disk ; anthers nearly sessile, longer thau the
calyx. Ovary 2- to 4-lobed, 2- to 4-celled, with 1 ovule in each cell; style
short, with an obtuse lobed stigma. Truit of 1 or 2, rarely 3 or 4 coriaceous
or hard lobes, iudehiscent, Seed half inuuersed in an arillus ; testa crus-
taceous ; cotyledons thick, flexuose. — Shrubs. Leaves simple, entire or
lobed. Flowers small, in short terminal, slightly-branched pauicles, often re-
duced to siuiple racemes.

The genus is limited to Australia.

Leaves entire, coriaceous, linear, oblong or rarely obovate, usually

above 2 in. long \. H. oleafoUum.

Leaves entire, mucronate, toolhed or pinnatifid, scarcely coriaceous,

rarely 2 in. loug . . o 2. H. dicers'ifoUum.

1. H. oleBefolium, Denf. m Mem. Mus. Par. iv. 8, ^. 3. A taU shrub,
the young shoots hoary or glaucous with a minute silky pubescence. Leaves
liuear, lauceolate or uarrow-oblong, rarely almost obovate, acute or obtuse,
2 to 4 iu. long, quite entire, narrowed into a very short petiole, coriaceous
and sometiines very rigid. Panicles usually few-flowered and much shorter
thau the leaves. Calyx broadly cup-shaped, varying from l^ to nearly 3
liues diameter. Ovary usually 8- or 4-celied, densely tomeutose. Fruit of
1, 2, or very i'arely 3 or 4 nearly globular lobes, 3 or 4 lines diameter. — DC.
Prod. ii. 92 ; F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 90.

W. Australia. Hammersley range, near Nichol Bay, F. Gregonjs Expeddion.

Queensland. Burdeliin rivei', F. MueUer ; Bowen river aud Counor's Creek, Leich'
hardl.

N. S. 'Wales. N.W. interior, Strutt ; Mount Brogden, A . Cunningham ; plains of
the Gwydir, MitcheU ; JMacquarie river and desert of the Darling aud Murray, Herb. F.
Mueller.

Victoiia. Mallee scrub, on the rivers ^lurray, Wimmera, and Avoca, F. MueUer.

S. Australia. Lake Torvens, Flinders llange, and Cooper's Creek, F. MueUcr.

W. Australia. Dirl^ Hartog's Island, A. Cunningham, Milne ; Murchison river,
Oldficld.

The Qiicenslaud spcciniens have smaller and more glabrous flowers than the more southern
ones, with the ovary usually 2-carpellary. The nortli-western audsome of the western ones
have much broader leaves aud more abuudant ilowers than the easteru.

2. H. diversifolmm, _F. Muell. Fragm. i. 4G. A shrub, the young
branches tomeutose, pubesceut, or perfectly glabrous. Leaves from linear-
cuneate to oblong-cuneate or almost obovate, rarely 2 in. long and often
under 1 in., usually mucronate with an almost pungent point, either entire or
with a few sharp teeth or lobes towards the end, or pinuatilid with tlie trianguUir
pungent lobes rigid and sometiines coriaceous, but less so than //. oleafoliHui.
Flowers few, iu short panicles, piibescent or glabrous. Ovary 2-cclled.
Pruit-Iobes very divaricate, ovoid, glabrous or tomentose.

Queensland. Keppcl Bay, R. Broion ; thickets at the foot of the dividing rauge, A.
Cumiingham ; Rockhampton, Thozet ; "Warwick, Becklcr ; Comet river, Leichhardt.

There are two forms, one perfectly glabrous, the other with the youug shoots and flowers
pubescent, the fruit deusely pubescent or tomcntose. The spccimens I liave sccn, allhough
rather numerous, are not good.

470 XXXVIII. SAPINDACEiE.

13. HARPULLIA, Eoxb.

Flowers regular, polygamous. Sepals 4 or 5. Petals as raany, without
any scale, but sometimes with inflected auricles at the base of the lamina.
Disk inconspicuous. Stamens 5 to 8. Ovaiy 2-cellecI, with 2 ovules in each
cell; style short, or elongated and spirally twisted. Capsule coriaceous,
somewhat compressed, with 2 turgid lobes opening locubcidally in 2 valves.
Seeds 1 or 2 in each cell, with or without an arillus ; cotyledons thick. —
Trees. Leaves pinnate ; leaflets usually large, the primary veius prominent
undenieath. Flovvers in loose terminal little-branched panicles, sometimes
reduced to simple racemes. Capsules usually krge, red or orange-coloured.

Besides the Australian species, which are endemic, there or two or three others, natives of
tropical Asia or Madagascar.

Calyx persistent. Petals uot auriculate.

Petiole winged. Leaflets coarsely toothed 1. ff. alata.

Petiole not winged. Leaflets entire.

Leaflets coriaceous, very obtuse 2. H. HiUii.

Leaflets membranous, shortly acuminate Z. H. Leichhardtd.

Calyx deciduous. Petals with inflected auricles 4. H.pendida.

1. H. alata, F. Muell. Fragm. ii. 103. A tall tree, the young branches
and panicles minutely tomentose, otherwise ghibrous. Leaflets usiially
6 to 10, oblong-elliptical or lanceolate, acutely acuminate and coarsely
toothed, ahnost lobed, 3 to 6 in. long, or more in the large leaves of barren
shoots, rather rigid, green and much veined on both sides, the common petiole
broadly winged. Panicles short, loose. Plowers few, larger than in tlie
other species, on short pedicels. Sepals persistent, about 3 lines long, shortly
tomentose. Petals about 4 lines long, oblong-cuneate, narrowed at thc base,
and not auricled. Stamens 7 or 8, about as long as the sepals in the malcs,
shorter in the females. Capsule 1 to l-g- in. broad, coviaceous, ncarly gla-
brous inside. Seeds enveloped in a yellowish arillus.

N. S. 'V^Tales. Clarence river, Beckler ; Richmond river, C. Moore.

2. H. Hillii, F. Muell. in Tram. Vict. Inst. iii. 26, and Fragm. ii.
104. A tree of 60 to 80 ft., the young branches and inflorcscence rusty
with aclose tomentum, otherwise glabrous. Leaflets usually 5 to 11, broadly-
oblong or oval-oblong, very obtuse, 3 to 5 in. long, or more in the large
leaves of bari-en shoots, thinly coriaccous, shiniug, the coramon petiole
not Avinged. Panicles loose, little branched, shoiier than the leaves. Pedi-
cels 2 to 3 lines long. Sepals persistent, broadly ovate, 2 to 3 lines long.
Petals oblong, 3 to 4 lines long, without auriclcs. ]\lale flowers not seen.
Stamens in the females 5 or 6, with very short filamcnts and acute anthers,
probably imperfect. Capside l^ iu. broad, slightly tomentose outside, the
turgid lobes hirsute inside. Seeds in the young state showing no arijlus,
but, according to Beckler, of an orange-yellow wheu ripe and enclosed in a
rich red racmbrane.

Qaeensland. Vfide Bay, Bidtvitl ; Morcton Bay, W. Hill ; Mackenzie rivcr, Leich-
hardt.

N. S. Wales. Richmond river, Beckler ; Clarence river, C. Moore.

3. H. Leiclihardtii, F. Muell. Herb. Young shoots and inflorescence

Harpullia.'] xxxviii. sapindace^. 471

minutely hoary-tomentose, otherwise glabrous. Leaflets in ihe single speci-
men seen 10, elliptical, 3 to 5 in. long, membranous as in H. pendida. Pa-
nicles alraost reduced to simple racemes. Flowers all females, on pedicels of
3 to 5 lines. Sepals persistent, toraentose, about 2 lines long. Petals and
stamens already falleu away. Ovary tomentose, already enlarged, but the
fruit not fully formed.

N. Australia. Port Essington, Leichhardf. Although the specimen is very ineom-
plete, it is evidently a distinct species, with the foliage nearly of H. pendula, and the per-
sistent calyx of U. Hitlli.

4. H. pendtda, PlancJi. ; F. ^I,mll. in Trans. Fict. Inst. iii. 26, a^id
Fragm. ii. 104. A tall tree, glabroiis or the young shoots and panicles
minutely hoary-tomentose. Leaflets 3 to 6, or rarely more, from ovate to
elliptical-oblong, obtusely aciuninate, 3 to 5 in. long, merabranous. Panicles
loose and sleuder. Pedicels in flower 3 to 4 lines, in fruit ■§■ to 1 in. long,
slender. Sepals deciduous, about 2 lines long. Petals ovate, nearly 3 lines
long, with inflected ciliate auricles at the base, representing the inner scales
of mauy other Sapindacecs. Stamens 5 to 7, much longer than tlie calyx, with
sleuder filaraents in the males, sraall and short in the females. Ovary to-
mentose, with a long style twisted at the top. Capsule glabrous or slightly
pubescent, 1 to l^ in. broad, the lobes inflated. Seeds apparently without
any arillus.

Queensland. JSIoreton Bay, knovra as "Tulipwood," Fraser, A. Cunningham ; Wide
Bay, C. Moore ; Port Denison, Fitzalan ; Broad Sound, Thozet.

W. S. Wales. Clarence river, Beckler ; Richmond river, C. Moore.

14. AKANIA, Hook. f.

Flowers regular, hermaphrodite (or polygamous ?). Calyx campanulate,
with 5 short lobes, irabricate in the bud. Petals 5, without any inner scale,
Disk adnate to the base of the calyx. Staraens 5 to 10, iuserted within the
disk. Ovary 3-ceI!ed, contracted iuto a thickish style, with a capitate stigma ;
ovules 2 in each cell. Fruit not seen. — Tree. Leaves pinuate. Panicles
loose, axillary or terminal.

The E;enus is limited to a single species, endemic in Australia, aUied to Harjmllia, hut
very different in the calyx and disk.

1. A. Hillii, Hooh.f. in Benth. and Hook. Gen. Fl. 409. An elegant
tree of 30 to 40 ft., glabrous exccpt the panicle. Leaves often above 2 ft.
loug ; leaflets numerous, lanceolate, acutely acuminate, often above 8 in. long,
bordered with acute often pungent serratures, rounded at the base and shortly
petiolulate, coriaceous, light green, shining above, marked underneath (iu the
dried state) within each areola of the smaller rcticulations with 3 or 4
round ovate or renirorm dots. Panicles long, loose, and little branched.
Pedicels long and slender. Calyx tomentose, about 2 lines long, the lobes
rounded, with thin edges. Petals inserted near the base of the calyx outside
the disk. Anthers oblong. — Cupania lucens, F. Muell. Fragm. iii. 44.

Queensland. Jloreton Bay, Leichhardi ; Pinc river, W. Hill.

N. S. Wales. Clareuce river, Beckler ; Richmoud river, C. Moore.

472 XXXVIII. SAPINDACE.E,

15. DODONiEA, Linn.

(Einpleurosma, Bartl.)

Flowers polygamous or unisexual, often (licecious. Sepals 5 or sometimes
fewer, valvate in tlie bud. Petals none. Disk small or inconspicuous. Sta-
mens usually 8, sometimes fewer, rarely 10 ; filaments very short, anthers
ovoid or linear-oblong. Ovary 3- or 4-, rarely 5- or 6-celled, with 2 ovules
in each cell ; style short or, in some flowcrs, very long, shortly lobed at the
end. Capsule membranous or conaceous, opening septicidally in as many
valves as cells, eaeh valve with a dorsal angle often produced into a vertical
wing, and in falliug off leaving the dissepiment attached to the persistent axis,
or rarely the dissepiment splitting and remaining attached to the valves, thus
closing the carpels and leaving only the ceutral filiform axis persisteut.
Seeds 1 or 2, nearly globular or more frequently compressed, with a thickened
funicle, but not arillate ; testa crustaceous; embiyo spii'ally curled. — Shrubs,
often tall, but scarcely tmly arborescent ; the young shoots usually viscid,
and often the whole plant. Leaves simple or pinnate, with small leaflets,
with or without a termiual odd one. Flowers termiual or axillary by the
abortion of the flowering branches, solitary, clustered, or in short racemes or
panicles.

"NVith the exception of I). viscosa, which is widely disperscd over almost all hot countiics,
and possibly one distinct Sandwich Islaud species, oue from S. Africa, and one or two froin
Mexico, the Bodonaas are all endemic in Australia, and very ditiicuh to distinguish by
positive characters. The form of the wings of the capsule, which has beeu much rulied ou,
is as variable as that of the leaves, and the species, which at first sight appear the most dis-
tinct, ofteu pass one into the other by the most insensible gradations. Eveu the exccptional
dehiscence of the capsulc, in those species where the dissepiments are carried oiF with the
valves, appears sometimes to be uot quite coustant, aud is at most a pnrely artiCcial cha-
racter separatiug species in all other respects very closely allicd. Sevcral speeies have ia
some, occasionally in nearly all the female flowers, a remarlvably loug style, sometimes \ to
1 in., whilst other female flowers on the sanie spccimeu, or ou other specimeus of the same
species, have no style at all, the stigma or stigmatic surface scssilc ou the ovary.

Series I. Cyclopterse. — Leaves entire, toothed. or rarely lohed. Wings of the cnp-
sule extendiiig from the hase to the stgle or nearhj so, each carpel, includiiig its tcing,
nearly orhicular or longer than hroad.

Leaves flat, elliptical, obloug-lanceolate or spathulate or, if liucar, not
tiliform, eutire or obscurely siuuate, usuaUy above 2 in. long,
rarely between 1 aud 2 iu.
Young branches veiy angular. Seeds smooth and shiuiug. Leaf-
veins iudistiuct.

Sepals miuute. Anthcrs liuear \. B. triquetra.

Sepals 1 to l^ lines long, from half as long to as hjug as the

authers 2. i). lanceolata.

Youug brauches very angular. Seeds opaque. Leavcs long and

narrow, ofteu serrate .... 12. D. ptarmicifolia.

Youug brauches terete or slightly augular. Sceds opaque.

Leavcs oval-obh)ug, on a rather loug petiole, rouuded at the base 3. D. petiolaris.
Leaves narrowed iuto the petiole, the lateral veins more or lesa
conspicuous.
Leaves elliptical-oblong, lauceolate or spathulate, rarely almost

linear-cuucate 4. D. viscosa.

Leaves narrow, lineai-cuueate or long and liuear .... 5. i). attenuata.

Dodoncea.] xxxviii. sapindace,^. 473

Leaves flat, more or less cuneate, entire or toothed at the cnd, rarely
exceeding l^ in., and usually under 1 in.
Much-branchcd, erect or divaricate shrubs. Terminal flowers
clustered or shortly racemose.
Leaves broad-cuueate, rounded or truncate at the end . . . . 6. D. caueata.
Leaves narrow-cuneate, rather acute, acmninate or 3-toothed at

the end 1. B. pedimcularis.

Prostrate shrub. Leaves rather narrow-cuneate, mostly toothed or

lobed. Flowers solitary 8. Z). procumlens.

Leaves linear-filiforra, heath-like or pine-like.

Leaves crowded, under 1 iu. loug 9. 7). ericifolia.

Leaves 1 to 3 iu. long, not crowded 10. i>. filifulia.

Leaves liuear or lanceolate, mostly serrate or pinnatifid.

Brauchos terete or nearly so. Leaves liuear or linear-cuneate, ob-

tuse, mostly under l^ in. long 11. D. lohulata.

Branches very angular. Leaves liuear-lanceolate, acute, mostly 2

to 4 in. long 12. B. ptarmicifolia.

Series II. Platypterae. — Leaves quite entire,flat. Wings of the capsule very diver-
gent or divaricaie, not reaching to ihe stijle nor to the base, each carpel, including ils
icing, broader ihan. long, transversely ovate or oblong. •

Leaves liuear or lauceolate. Branches very angular. Dissepiments

persisting on the axis 13. Z>. trtincatiales.

Dissepiments splitting aud comiug ofF with the valves.

Leaves oblong-elliptical 14. D. plufyptera.

Leaves narrow-linear 15. D. stenophylla.

Series III. Comutse. — Leaves entire or toothed at the end, the margins revoliite or
rarely fiat. Wiiigs of the capsule reduced to erect or dicergent, usually falcate, horu-like
appendages ai the iipper outer angle of the carpels.

Leavas narrow-lincar or subulate 16. B. pinifolia.

Leaves oblong or oblong-cuneate, obtuse, ^ to 1 in. long .... 17. -D. ceratocarpa.
Leaves linear or cuneate, acute or 3-toothed, 2 to 4 lines loug . . \%. B. divaricata.
Leaves broadly ovate or orbicular, mostly toothed 22. B. Baueri.

Series IV. Apterse. — Leaves entire or toothed. Capsule wiihout loings, or Ihe angles
slightly and irregularly dilated into very narrow ivings.
Leaves flat, cuneate or obovate, rigid.

Sepals lanceolate. Buds ovoid or globular.

Dissepiments persisting ou the axis of the fruit.

Branches scarcely augled. Leaves obovate, cuneate, or trian-
gular, glabrous or pubescent. Howers mostly axiUary.

Sepals narrow, short 19. 2). triangularis.

Branches acutely angled. Leaves obovate, glabrous. Ra-

cemes short, terminal. Sepals broad-bnceolate . . . . 20. D. apiera.
Dissepiments splitting and coining oft'with the valves. Branches

terete. Leaves obovate or obloug, glabrous 21. D. bursarifolia.

Sc])als broad-ovate. Buds very angulai'.

Ercct divaricate shrub. Leaves obovate or orbicular, usually

toothed 22. B.Baiieri.

Prostrate shrub. Leavcs oblong-cuneate, often 3-toothed . . 23. B. humifusa.
Leavcs short, liuear, with recurvcd or revolute margius.

Quite glabrous. Stamens usually 6 24. B. hexandra.

lioary-tomentose, at least the capsules, rarely almost glabrous.

Stameus usually 8 25. i). ericoides.

Series V. Finnatse. — Leaves all pinnate or very rarely a few simple ones at the hase
of the branches. Capsule of the Cyclopterre, except in D. oxyptera and D. infequifolia,
where it approaches that of ihe Platypterae, and in D. humilis, where it is apterous.

474 XXXVIII. SAPINDACE.E. [Dodonaa.

Tall shrabs or stnall trees. Leaflets flat, oblong, hmceolate or obovate,
not coriaccous. Raccmes or panicles terminal, loose.
Leaflets usually numerous, lanceolate or oblong. Capsule not ia-
flated, the wings broad.
Leaflets i in. or less ; vhachis scarcely winged. Scpals 3 to 4

lines long 26. D. jiohjzyga.

Leaflets J to 1 in. ; rhachis broadly winged. Sepals 1 to l^lines 27. -D. megazijga.
Leaflets few, obovate or oblong. Capsulc large and inflated . . 28. jD. physocarya.
Much-branched, leafy shrubs. Pcdicels solitary or clustered (race-
mose in D. midtijuga and D. pinnata).
Leaflets obovate, cuneate or oblong, often toothed, the margins
usually recurved or revolute. Plant usually pubesceut or vil-
lous (except I). humilis).
Capsule winged, hirsute at least when young.

Villous. Leaflets 7 to 20 or more ; rhachis winged. Sepals
acuminate. Capsnle-wings rounded.

Pedicels long, clustered 29. D. veslita.

Pedicels very short. Eaceme terminal 30. D. pinuata.

Pubescent. Leaflets 3 to 7 ; rhachis angular. Pedicels short.

Sepals obtuse. Capsule-wings acutangular 31. i). o.ryptera.

Capsule not winged, covered with long, glandular setre. Leaflets

deeply toothed, glabrous. Flowers iu dense coryinbose clusters 32. D. humilis.
Capsule wingcd, glabrous or very sparingly pubescent. Plant
pubescent or rarely glabrous.
Leaflets usually under IL Pedicels short, clustered . . . 33. D. boronicefoHa.
Leaflets usually above 15. Flowers racemose.

Racemcs loose. Pedicels slendcr 34. D. maltijuga.

Racemes dcnse. Pcdicels very short 30. D. pinnata.

Leaflets liuear-tcrete or linear-oblong. Plant glabrous, viscid.

Leaflets liuear-oblong, flat, numerous. Capsules broadly winged 35. D. larrceoides.
Leaflets narrovv-liuear, convex underneath. Capsules small.
Capsule-wiugs very divaricate ; dissepiments remaining on the

axis. Leaflets above 15 36. D. ina-quifolia.

Capsule-vvings rounded ; dissepiraeuts splitting and comingolT

with the valves. Leaflets uuder 15 37. D. adenojphora.

Leaflets almost terete, uot thicker than the common petiole.
Capsules rathcr large, the vvings rounded.

Leaflets fevv, distant. Pedicels solitary 3S. D. stenozyga.

Leaflets several, crovvded. Pedicels shortly racemose . . . 39. D. concinna.
(D. heterophylta, Colla, and D. scabra, Lodd., inserted in Steud. Nora. Bot. ed. 2, as
Australian plants, are unkuovvn to nic, nor can I find any description of them. They are
probably garden names given to some of thc spccies here enumcrated.)

Sekies I. Cycloptee^. — Leaves entire, toothed, or rarcly lobed. Wiiigs
of the capsule extending from the base to the style, or ncarly so ; each
carpel, includino; its wing, nearly orbicidar, or longer than broad. Dissepi-
ments persistent on the axis.

In the followiug 12 specics, grcat as is the diversity in the size of the eapsulc and the
precise shape of the wings, these diff^erences aflbrd no specilic charactcrs, and are often vcry
diflacult to class as varieties, even whea pcrfectly ripe and well-formed capsulcs are obtained ;
and the shape of the wing oftcn alters much during grovvth, or is appareutly afTected by
the niauner in vvhich the capsulehas ripened. The very shining seeds distinguish 2 species,
but where they are usually opaque thcy soiuctimes are somewhat shiuiug. There remains
little but the very uuccrtain character sderived from foliage to scparate all these species, which
are yet much too constautly dissimilar to be uuited into one.

1 . D. triquetra, Andr. Bot. Rep. t. 230. Erect, usually tall, glabrous.

Dodoncea.'] xxxviii. SAPiNDACEiE. 475

not very viscid, tlie young branches flattcned or angular. Leaves from oval-
elliptical to oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, 2 to 3 or rarely 4 in. long, the pin-
nate and reticulate veinlets few and fine, nsually scarcely conspicuous. Pedicels
slender, in short, oblong, compact panicles or racemes. Sepals miuute, rarely
■^ line long. Anthers linear, often l^ lines long. Styles, when long, attaining
^ in. Capsule of I). viscosa, usually middle-sized. Seeds brown, very smooth
and shining. — DC. Prod. i. 617 ;' F. Muell. ^ragm. i. 75, and Pl. Vict. i.
226. — D. laurina, Sieb. in Spreng. Syst. Cur. Post. 152. — D. longipes, G.
Don, Gen. Syst. i. 674 (from the character given).

Queensland. Brisbane river, Moretoii Bay, Fraser, Fltzalan.

N. S. ^Vales. Port Jackson to the Blue Mountains, R. Broion, Sieler, n. 271 and
272, and others ; nortliward to Clarence and Hastiugs rivers, Beckler, and New England,
C. Sftiart ; southward to Twofold Bay, F. Mueller.

Victoria. Ban-en declivities aud granite rocks of Genoa Peak, aud elsewhere in tho
viciuity of Genoa river, F. Mueller.

The Fiji Islaud plaut referred by A. Gray and Seemaun to J). triquetra, appears to me lo
be one of the commou forms of D. vlscosa.

2. D. lanceolata, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 73. Very closely allied to D.
triquetra, with the same angular branches, smooth, alraost veinless leaves,
slender pedicels, and very shining seeds, and scarcely distinguishable except
by the sepals, which are from 1 to 1| lines long. The leaves are perhaps
generally rfither narrower, and the capsule-wings broader, but neither of these
cliaracters can be relied upon.

N. Australia. Capstau Island, N.W. coast, A. Cunningham (the specimens rather
doubtful, not being iu fruit) ; Victoria liver and Sea range, F. Mueller ; islands of the Gulf
of Carpeutaria, R. Brown.

Queensland. Northumberland Islauds, R. Broick ; Cape Cleveland, A. Cunningham ;
Suuday Islaud, M'Gillicray ; Palm Island, Henne ; Port Deuisou, Fitsalan.

N. S. 'Wales. Chu-ence river, Beckler.

3? D. petiolaris, F. Muell. Fragm. iii. 13. The single fragment in
P. ]Mueller's herbarium has a few small oval-oblong leaves, veined as in D.
viscosa, but much less narrowed at the base, on petioles of 2 or 3 lines. The
single capsule is not yet fuU-grown, but, in tliat state, does not appear at aU
different from the larger varieties of D. viscosa, of which this plaut may pro-
bably prove to be a variety.

N. S. Wales. Desert on thc Darling river, Neitson {Hb. F. Miiell).

4. D. viscosa, Linn.; DC. Prod. i. 616. A shrub, sometimes low and
stunted, more frequently tall, glabrous, and usually more or less viscid, the
young branches frequeiitly compressed or somewhat triangular, but much less
so thau in D. triquetra. Leaves simple, varying from broadly oblong-lanceo-
late, acute or acuminate, and 8 or 4 in. long, to narrow-lanceolate, or oblong-
cuneate and veiy obtuse or almost linear-cuneate, always narrowed into a
more or less distinct petiole, entire or obscurely siuuate, or rarely almost
3-toothed at the end, the pinnate veins usually rather numerous and very
divergent, sometunes scarcely conspicuous. Panicles or racemes usiudly short
and tcrrainal, or reduced to' axillary clusters. Sepals ovate, usually as long
as or rather longer than the oblong^obtuse anthers. Style rarely lengthened
out. Capsule very variable in size, the wings continued from the base to the

476 xxxviil. SAPINDACEJE. [Dodonaa.

style, or ncarly so, eitlier equally rouiuled at the top aiid at the base or
more contracted at the base. Seeds rather kirge, dark-coloured or black,
opaque or scarccly shiuing. — Hook, f. Fl. Tasin. i. 55 ; F. Muell. Pl. Vict.
i. 85.

Pf. Australia. Apparently rare, bnt soine specimcns from the N.W. coast, Bi/noe,
probably bcloug to this spccies.

Queensland. Cumberland Islaiids, 7?. ^;-(7i/;«; Endeavour river, ^a«i-i ; Rodd's Bay
and llockinghani 13ay, A. CHnn.inyham ; Cape Upstart aiid Port Curtis, Ji'<?*7/it;ray ; Kock-
hampton, Thozet ; Morcton Bay, Fraser, A. Cunningham, and others.

N. S. Wales. From ihe borders of Queensland, Beckler, C. Stuart, and others, to
Twofold Bay, F. Mneller.

Victoria. Rocky, scrubby, stony, and sandy localities, widely and copiously distributed
over the colony, ¥. Mueller.

Tasmania. Conimon in poor soil, especially near the coast, /. B. Hooker.

S. Australia. Appareutly common, at least iii the easteru parts of the colony, Ilerb.
Mueller, and others.

■^V. Australia. Blackwood river, Oldfiehl.

The spccies is abundantly distributed over tropical America, Africa, and Asia, exteudiug
to the Pacitic Islands, and southward, beyoud the tropics, to S. Africa and Ncw Zealaud. It
iuckides probably the whole of the extra-Australiau dcscribed Bodonivas, except, pcriiaps,
the B. eriocarpa from the Sandwich Islamls, B. Thunlergiana, Ecki. and Zeyh., from S.
Africa, aud one or two Mexicau oues, vi'hich, whcther varieties or specics, do not occur in
Australia. Thc almost protcau fornis the species assumes in Australia, even after deducting
B. attenuata, B. cnneata, and B. megazijga, which F. Muellcr unitcs with il, arc very dilii-
cult to distribute into deliuite varieties, aithough at least the three foUowing arc usuaily consi-
dercd as -peeies.

a. vulgaris. Usuallytall. Lcaves large, obovate-oblong, broadly lanceolateorlanceolate,
acumiuate or rarely obtuse, the piunate vcins usually numerous aud promiueut. Capsnles
large, with rather broail wiugs, much rouudcd above and at the base, thc tenniual siuus (be-
tween 2 opposite wings) narrow, each carpel, iucludiug its wing, lougcr Ihan broad. — B.
viscosa, Liun., aud B. Burmanniana, DC. ; Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. lud. 127, with the syno-
nyms adduced ; A. Gray, Gen. 111. t. 182; Wight, Illustr. t. 52. — The most commou form
in America and tropical AlVica, extcndiug in Asia as far north as Seiude and Afighanistan,
also in the Pacilic islands , aud to this form belong most of the tropical Australian speeies as
well as some from llastings river, Beckler. Some spccimcus from Endcavour river, both in
the Banksian aud iu Cuuuiugham's coUcctious, are remarkable for their thick, obscurcly
veiued leaves.

b. anguslifolia. Leaves narrow-lanccolate, mostly long and acutely aeuminatc, much nar-
rowed atthe base,thc veius usiudly eonspicuous. Capsules small, with verybroad wings, icaving
thc terminal siuus very open and somctimes narrowed at the base, each carpel, including its
wiug, orbicnlaror rathcr broadcr tbau loug, allhongh nuich less so than in Ihe Platgpterce. — B.
angustifolia, Swartz ; Griseb. FI. Brit. W. Ind. 12S, with thcsynouymsadduccd ; Lam. III. t.
30-4, n. 2, aud conseqnently B.salicifolia, DC. Prod. i. C17, sujjposcd to be from New Holland ;
D. neriifolia, A. Cuuu. in A. Gray, Bot. Am. Expl. Expcd. i. 2fi2. — This variety has ucarly tiie
same range withiu thc tropics as thc large-fruited one, aiid occasiuually is fouiid lo jiass into it.
Iii Ausiralia it iiicludes many Quecnsland specimeus, aud is the common foim iu N. S. Wales
coUectious. It oecurs also in W. Australia, biit in \'ict<)ria, S. Australia, and Tasmania, as
in N. Zealaud, it tends rathcr to ])ass iuto tlie spathulate-leavcd form. B. umhellafa aud B.
Ki.ngii, G. Doii, Gcu. Syst. i. 074, froui thc cbaraclers given, belong probably to lliis
variety.

e. spathulnta. Usually a more bnshy and not so tall a slirub as the prcccding varicties,
often vcry viseid. Lcaves shorter (although much lougcr tlian in B. cuneala), obovate-ob-
loug, oblong-cuueate, spathulate, oblauccolatc or broadly liucnr-euncalc, usually obtiise or
sometimes truucate, the lateral veins usnally couspicnous, but iu some thiek-Ieaved specimeus
scarccly more so than iu B. cuneata. Capsulcs very variable, but geuerally iiitermediale be-
tweeu those of the var. vulgaris aud angustifolia, but ncarcr to ihe former. — B. spalhulala,
Sm. in Rces, Cycl. xii. ; DC. Prod. i. 616 ; B. conferta, G. Don, Geu. Syst. i. 674 ; B.

Dodonaa.'\ xxxviii. SAPiNDACEiE. 477

viscosa, var. a.ip/enifolm, Tlook. f. F\. Tnsm. i. 55. — Tliis is tlic commoncst, perhnps thc
only form, iii Victoria, Tasmania, and S. Australia, aud I havc seen N. S. Walcs specimeus
from Port Jackson, and northward to New Englaud, Mount Mitchell, and Mount Aiton. It
is thc prevalcut form iu New Zealaud, and some of the Saudwich Island specimeus can be
piecisely matched in Austraiia. D. ohlongifoHa, Link, as figurcd in Bot. Rca;. t. 1051,
ajjpears to represent rather a sliort-lcavcd form of this variety than a long-leaved B. cvneata.
I). aspleiiifolia, Kudi?e, in Traiis. Liuu. Soc. xi. 297, t. 20, DC. Prod. i. fil7, judging
froin N. S. Walcs spccimeus aiirceina; with the ligure, although not authentically named, is
an apparently rare ibrm with liiiear-cuueate, 3-toothed leaves, resembling those of luxuriant
dravvn-up shoots of I). cuueata, but louger.

5. D. attennataj ,-/. Cu7i7i. in FieId,N. S. Wales, 353. A viscid shrub,
closely rescnibliiig- the naiTowcst-leaved fovms of D. viscosa on the one hand,
and ahnost passing into D. iGbuUda on the other. Leaves linear or narrowly
linear-cuneate, obtuse, often sHghtly siuuate-toothed, rather thick and rigid,
1-iierved, tlie lateral veius incouspicuous, \\ to 2^ in. long in the original
foriu, but sometimcs longer. Flowers aud ovate sepals of D. viscosa, in short
usually simple raccmes. Capside of D. viscosa, usually intermediate between
the extrenies of the varieties a and b of that species. Seeds opaque. — Bot.
Mag. t. 2860; D. Freissiana, Miq. in Pl. Preiss. i. 226; F. Muell. Pragm.
i. 72.

N. S. ^Vales. Bluc Momitains, A. Cunninf/Iiam and others, and apparently common
westward in the Darling aud iMurray desert, Mutanie ranges, Mouut Browu, etc, Herb. F.
Miwller.

Victoria. In the IMurray desert aud N.W. iuterior, T. Mueller.

S. Australia. Towards Spencer's Gulf, Warhurton.

■W. Australia. Mount Hardy, uear York, Preiss, n. 2437 ; between Swan River
aud King Gcorge"s Sound, Drumwond, Mh ColL, n. 257 ; in the interior, Roe. The latter
speciuiens have narrower, more rigid wiiigs to the capsule, aud raore coriaccous leaves.

\av. linearis. Leaves long, narrow-liucar, mostly acute, rigid, the margius often re-
curved. Ca])sule (only seen iu few specimeus) rather sniall, but with the tcrmiual siuus bc-
twecu the wiugs narrow. — New Enghind, C. Stnart ; Mitta-iMitta, Genoa and Buchan rivers
iu Vietoria, F.Mneller; Kangaroo Island, Watcrhouse, Sealy ; Swan ^i\cv, Brummond,
n. 203. The foliage nearly resemblcs that of D. stenophylla, which has a very different
capsule.

6. D». cuneata, Ri(dge, in Trans. Linn. Soc. xi. 296, t. 19. A much-
branched biisliy shrub, ghibrous, and usually viscid. Leaves obovate or
ciuieate, usually ^ to 1 in. long and rather broad, rarely narrow-cuneate,
attaining l^ in., rounded, truncate, emarginate or 3-toothed at the end,
othcrwise entire or rarely obscurely toothed, gradually narrowed into a veiy
short petiole, thin or coriaceoiis ; the hiteral veins rarely conspicuous. Ea-
cemes short, termiual, scarcely branched, with slender pedicels, or the flowers
few iu axiUaiy ckisters. Sepals ovate-oblong, and capsules of D. viscosa, the
wings usually uot very broad and rather rigid, with the terminal sinus open.
— DC. Prod. i. 617.

Queensland. Buniet river and ^NIorcton Bay, F. Mueller.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, ll.Brovm and others; Blue Mountains, Miss Aikinson ;
Darling and Murray dcscrt, Victorian E.rpedi1ion.

Victoria. In'the Grampians and Buifalo rangcs, Wimmera and Murray rivcrs, F.
Mueller, including a var. coriacea, withsmall, obovate, coriaceous leaves and siuall capsulcs
with broad wings, and a var. riijida, with smaU, rigid, mostly obovate lcaves, short pedicels,
and rather large capsules with uarrow wiugs. Luxuriant uarrow-lcaved N. S. Wales speci-

478 XXXVIII. SAPiNDACEiE. [Dodoncea.

mcns occasionally almost pass into some unusual forms of D. viscosa spathulata, aud the
smaller forms corae very near to D. peduncularis.

7. D. peduncularis, Lincll. in Mltch. Trop. Anstr. 361. A very
much branched ghibrous and viscid shrub, closely allied to D. cuueata, the
snialler branches terete, sleuder but rigid. Leaves from linear-cuneate to
broadly spathuLate, either acute or very shortly acuminate or rounded or
truncate at the end, and often 3-toothed, ^^- to |- in., or very rarely (when
narrow) 1 in. long, coriaceous and rigid, 1-nerved, the margins often tliick-
ened, the Lnteral veius incouspicuous. Pedicels rather sleuder, mostly axillary,
solitary or clustered, or in short terminal racemes. Sepals ovate, thicker than
in D. cuneata. Capsule of D. viscosa. — D. pnbesceus, Lindl. in Mitch. Trop.
Austr. 342 (the supjjosed pubescence appareutly a mistake).

Queensland. Near Lindley's Rauge and on the Marauoa, Mitchcll.
N. S. TVales. Eurylcan serub iu the N.W. iuterior, Liverpool plains, Hastings river,
etc, Fraser, A. Cimninykam.

8. D. procumbens, ^. Muell. in Trans. Vict. Inst. i. 8, and Pl. Vict.
i. 86. A low, diffuse or prostrate, much-branched shrub, ghibrous and
scarcely viscid. Leaves crowded, linear-cuneate, spathulate or almost trian-
gular, mostly acute and often coarsely 3- to 5-toothed or lobed, about -^ or
rarely f in. long, coriaceous, 1-nerved, the lateral veins usually inconspicuous.
Flowers mostly solitary, on short terminal pedicels. Sepals lanceolate. Style
much more frequently elongated than in other species, often attaining nearly
1 in. Capsule oblong, the angles produced into wings ronnded at the top
aud base as in D. viscosa, but much narrower and not so thin. Seeds not
seen.

Victoria. Subalpiue and boggy plains, at the base of Mount Sturgeon and Mount
Abrupt, aud stouy barrcu ridges near Suowy River, F. Muetler ; also iu MitchelVs \st Coll.

S. Australia. Clayey baul<s, eighteen miles \V. of Glenelg river, Rubertson.

F. Mueller describes the capsules as wingless, probably considering the wings, on account
of their thickness, as angles of the capsale ; but they appear to me in this respeet very much
like those of the rigid varieties of D. cuneata. These wings are indeed the chief character,
besides the narrower sepals, to separate this species from D. humifitsa.

9. D. ericifolia, G. Don, Gen. Syst. i. 674. A heath-like, low but
erect shrub, with uuuierous virgate branches, glabrous and sometimes viscid.
Leaves usually crowded, uarrow-liucar, ratlier obtuse, -1 to i in. long, nei-ve-
less and sometimes ahuost filiform. Flowers few, in very short racemes or
clusters in the upper axils or terminating short brancldets. Sepals Linccolate,
shorter thau tlie anthers. Capsule of D. viscosa, witli rather broad wings.
Seeds opaque. — D. salsolifolia, A. Cunn. in Hook. Journ. Bot. i. 251 ; Hook. f.
FI. Tasm. i. 55.

Tasmania. Port Dnlrymple, R. Brown ; banks of rivers, etc.,-Launceston, New Nor-
folk, etc., not iiueommon, /. D. llooker. The stalion, Port Jackson, usually given ou the
authority of plants raised in Kew Gardcus, is, T bclieve, erroueous ; the seeds were probably
from Frascr, who gathered the plant on tlie S. Esk river in Tasmania. D. fiUformis, Liuk,
DC. Prod. i. G17, a garden jjlaut of unknowu origin, may be the same species, but too im-
perfc('tly characterized to justify the taking up the name.

10. D. filifolia, Hooh. in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 241. Erect, gLnbrous,
and slightly viscid ; branches slender, terete or scarcely angular. Leaves
narrow-liuear, ahnost fiUform, tercte or slightly flattened, ofteu incurved, ob-

Dodoncea.] xxxviii. sapindace^. 479

tuse or scarcely mucronate, 1 to 3 in. long, quite entire. Racemes very few-
fiowered, tlie pedicels ratlier long. Scpals lanceolate, about as long as tlie
autliers. Capsule of I). viscosa. — D. acerosa, Lindl. in Mitch. Trop. Austr.
273; F. MueU. Fragm. i. 71.

Queensland. Newcastle ranges, between tlie Suttor and Burdekin rivers, F. Mueller ;
stouy gullics near Mouut Mudge, Miichell.

11. D. lobulata, F. Mudl. hi Linnaa, xxv. 372. Closely allied on the
one hand to D. attenuata and on the otber to D. ptarmicifolia, glabrous and
viscid, the branchlets scarcely angular. Leaves linear or linear-cuneate, ob-
tuse, mostly 1 to 2 in. long, obtusely serrate or pinnatifid with short obtuse
callons lobes, coriaceous and rigid, the midrib scarcely conspicuous. Flowers
hw, in short racemes, tbe pedicels rather slender. Sepals thin, broadly
ovate. Capsule of the smaller forms of D. viscosa, the wings not very broad.
Seeds smooth and shining.

W. S. TVales. Lachlan river, Fraser, A. Cunningham ; between the Lachlan and
Darliug rivers, Burkitt ; Mutanie ranges and Mount Goginga, Victorian E.vjiedition .

S. Australia. S. coast, R. Brown ; Flinders and Elder's rauges, F. Mueller.

W. Australia. In the iuterior, Roe. There are also some specimens of Drummond's
which may belong to this species, with several of the leaves deeply 2- or 3-lobed, but they
are evideutly abnormal, the llowers being also monstrous with deformed stameus.

12. D. ptarmicifolia, Turcz. in Bull. Mosc. 1852, ii. 155. A tall
shrub, glabrous and soinetimes very viscid, the yonng branches very angular.
Leaves linear-lanceolate, acuminate, acute or with a callous tip, from 1 1^ to 3
in. long in some specimens, 4 to 5 in. in others, sinuate-toothed, serrate or
sometinies entire, gradually narrowed into a petiole, 1-uerved, the lateral veins
inconspicuous. Flowers usually rather numerous, in short terminal racemes
or panicles. Sepals ovate, about as long as the obtuse anthers. Capside as
in the var. angmtifolia of D. viscosa, rather small, with broad wings, the
terminal siuus rather open. Seeds opaque. — D. denticulata, F. MueU. Fragm.
i. 97.

W. Australia, Drummond, ^tli Coll. n. 248, Gardner river, Herh. F. Mueller (with
short, regularly serrate leaves) ; Kojonerup Valley, Herb. F. Bhieller (with long sinuate-
toothed leaves).

Var. (V) suhintegra. Scarcely viscid. Leaves loug, entire or slightly toothed. — W. Aus-
tralia, Drummond, n. 204 and 205. These sjiecimcns are in llower only, and resemble
narrow-leaved forms of D. truncatiales. The species is very near to D. viscosa angusti-
folia, but with narrower leaves and the angular brauches of D. truncatiales, and diifers froin
both in the leaves usually toothed.

Series II. Platypteu.e. — Leaves quite entire, flat. Wings of the cap-
sule veiy divergent or divaricate, not reaching to the style nor to the base,
each cai-pel including its wing, broader than long, transversely ovate or ob-
long.

13. D. truncatiales, F. Muell. Fragm.. ii. 143, and Pl. Vict. i. 226.
A tall glabrous shrub, scarcely viscid, the yoimger branches acutely angidar.
Leaves narrow-lanceolate or linear, rather acute, 2 to 4 or even 5 in. long,
narrowed into a short petiole, entire or obscurely sinuate-toothed, the lateral
veins little conspicuous. Eacemes and flowers of D. viscosa. Sepals ovate,
usually broad and nearly as long as the anthers. Capsulc 4- or rarely 3-

480 XXXVIII. SAPiNDACE^. {Vodonm.

lobed, flat at tlie top, tlie Avings oblong, very divcrging, not extending to the
bcise of the carpels. Dissepiinents remaining attached to the axis as in all
the preceding speeies, or occasionally deciduous, but not splitting as in the
two following species. — D. calycma, A. Cunn. Herb.-, A. Gray, Bot. Araer.
Expl. Expcd. i. 262.

N. S. 'Wales. Port Jackson, R. Broicn ; frequent in the Blue Mountaius, Croker's
Ranp:e, and to the southward, Fraser, A . Cunrdngham, and others ; Towamba and Yowaka
rivers, F. Mueller.

Victoria. Wooded banks of Genoa river, F. Mueller.

14. D. platyptera, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 73. A tall shrub with tlie
habit of the kirger forms of D. viscosa, ghibrous and viscid. Leaves elliptical-
oblong or broadly lanceolate, ratlier obtuse, 1-^ to 2| in. long, entire, ahnost
coriaceoiis, the pinnate veins rather nunierous, but very fiue, narrowed iuto
a short petiole. Petals few, slender, in short racemes. Seixds narrow-ovate.
Capstde flat at the top, the wings very diverging, obovate-oblong, not reach-
ing to the style nor to the base of the carpels ; dissepiraents splitting and
falling oft" with the valves, lea"\ang only the fibforra axis persistent.

N. Australia. Cygnet Bay, N.W. coast, J. Ciinniugham ; Fitzmaurice river, F.
MiicUer. The sjjecimeus are not satisfactory. F. ]Muuller's have no flowers aud oulya fcw
frnits ; in A. Cunninghara's the tlowers are mostly fallen oif, aud I fouud amongst the
capsules ouly oue far euough advanced to identify tbem.

15. D. stenophylla, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 72. Glabrous and viscid.
Leaves narrow-Hnear, rigid, 2 to 3 in. loug, tbe margins usually thickened
aufl eutire. Flowers of B. viscosa, in short loose racemes or abnost cymose
panicles. Sepals ovate. Capsule sraall, the wings broadly oblong or obo-
vate, diverging, not reaching to the style nor to the base of the cai-pels ; cb's-
sepiraents sphtting and falling ofl" with the valves, leaving only the filiform
axis persistent.

Queensland. Broad Sound, R. Brown ; Burdekin river, F. Mueller ; Comet river,
Leichhardt. la flower, this speeies is scarcely to be distinguished from D. attenuata, var.
linearis ; but the fruit is very differeut.

Series III. CoRNUTi*:. — Leaves entire or tootlied at the end, the margins
revohite or rarely flat. Wings of the capsiUe reduced to erect or divergent,
usually falcate, horn-like appendages at the upper outer angle of the carpels.

16. D. pinifolia, Miq. in Pl. Preiss. i. 227. A lovv shrub, with nume-
rous divaricate or dichotomous branches, slender but rigid, terete or sbghtly
angular, viscid when young. Leaves sessile, narrow-Uuear, obtuse or scarcely
acute, in some specimens all under \ in., in others exceeding 1 in., the mar-
gius revohite, cntire or with a few teeth or short lobes when hixuriant. Flowers
solitaiy or rarely 2 together, the males sossile, the females often shortly pedi-
cclhite. Sejials lanceolate. Anthers 6 to 8. Capsules 8 to 4 lines long,
obtusely angled, tlie angles usually produced on the upper outer edge into
sliort, erect, horn-like vviugs. — Empleurosma virgata, Bartl. in Pl. Preiss. ii.
228.

"W. Australia. Swan Rn'er, Druinmond, n. 117; York district, P/mJ, n. 2160^,
and 2438; Gordon rivcr and Mm-chison river, Oldfield.

Var. snhnmtica. Branches more augular ; capsules apparently almost without horns, but
not pcrfcct in our spccimens, Drummond, ■Ith Cull. n. 255.

JDodourra.'] XXXVIll. SAPINDACE.E. 481

17. D. ceratocarpa, Endl. in Ilm(j. Euum. 13. Au erect or divaricate
rigid siiriib, tlie siualler brauches virgate, acutely angled or aluiost wiuged,
glabrous aud ofteu viscid. Leaves narrow-obovate oblong or uarrow-cuueate,
obtuse or acute, f to l^ iu. ioug, eutii'e or wlieu luxuriaut soiuetitnes 2- or
3-tootlied, narrowed iiito a very sliort petiole, ratlier coriaceous, a fevv lateral
veius sometimes couspicuous uuderueatli, tlie margius usually recurved.
Flowers on very short pedicels, few together iu very short tenuiual leafy ra-
cemes or axillary clusters. Sepals broad, thiu aud almost petal-like, above 1
liue loug, the buds very augular. Style occasioually elougatetl. Capsule 2
to 3 liues loug, glabrous, 4-angIed, the augles produced at the upper outer
edge into erect horu-like lanceolate or faicate wings, 1 to 2 lines long. — B.
plerocaidis, Miq. iu Pl. Preiss. i. 225.

W. Australia. BalJ Head aud Goose Island Bay, U. Browii ; Kina; George's Sound
and towaiils Cape lliclie, J. Cuiinbigliam, Drummond, n. 102, and 'bth Coll. n. 2-16, 247,
Preiss, n. 2440, and otliers.

18. D. divaricata, Benth. A low shrub, wilh divaricate bi'anches, the
smaUer oues slcuder but rigid aud sometimes almost spinescent, terete,
glabrous or minutely pubesceut audviscid. Leaves linear or linear-cuneate, 2
to -1 lines or rarely \ in. long, entire or 3-lobed, rigid, with revolute margins.
Plowers not seen. Capsules sessile or uearly so, obtusely 3- or 4-angled,
ofteu hirsute on the back, the outer augles produced iuto long lanceolate or
falcate horu-Iike wings.

W. Australia. Between Moore and Murchisou rivcrs, Drummond, n. 9G, and Mh
Coll. n. 256.

Series IV. ApTERiE. — Leaves entireortoothed. Capsules without wings,
or the angles slightly and irregularly dilated into very narrow wiugs. Dis-
sepimeuts persisteut ou the axis, except in D. bursarifolia.

19. D. triangtdaris, Lindl. in Mitch. Trop. Anstr. 219 (raale plant).
An erect shrub of 3 to 4 ft., glabrous, pubescent or softly villous. Leaves
obovate cuneate or almost triaugular, rounded truucate or 3-toothed at the
end, or very rarely elliptical-oblong, ^ to 1 iu. or rarely l^ iu. long, coria-
ceous, 1-uerved, the lateral veins quite inconspicuons, Flowers axillary,
solitary or clustered, ou short pedicels. Sepals narrow-lauceolate, rather
thick. Authers as in B. triquetra, uarrow, acumiuate, exceediug the calyx.
Capsule glabrous or pubescent, 3- or 4-augled, the angles _ rarely dilated
towards the top iuto very narrow wiugs ; dissepimeuts remainiug attached to
the axis, or very rarely deciduous but not splittiug.— -D. mollis, Liudl. in
Mitch. Trop. Austr. 212 (with pubescent capsules) ; D. trigona, Lindl. 1. c.
236 (with giabrous capsules) ; D. Lindleyam, Y. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 88.

Queensland. Suttor river, F. Mueller ; uear Mount Owcn, Mount Faraday, and
Mantuaii Dowus, Mitchell ; near Brisbane and Ironbark forest, Leichhardl.
W. S. Wales. W. branches of Huuter's River, A. Cunningham.

20. D. aptera, Miq. in Pl. Preiss. i. 225. A shrab of 2 to 5 ft., gia-
brous aud siightly viscid, the youug branches very promiuently angled.
Leaves obovate, very obtuse or obcordate, mostly l*to H or even 2 iu. long,
entire, narrowed into a petiole, coriaceous, 1-nerved, the lateral veins iucon-
spicuous. Kacemes terminal, short, few-Howcred. Sepds broadly lanceolate,

VOL. I. 2 1

482 xxxviTi. SAPiNDACEiii. [^DodoiiiTn.

1 to \\ liiies long, rather tliick. Anthers narrow-oblong. Style often elon-
gated. Capsiile slightly 3- or 4-angle(l, not winged, glabrous, 3 or 4 lines
long, the persistent dissepiments broad. Seeds ovoid, smooth, and rather
shiuing. — D. sororia, Miq. in Pl. Preiss. i. 225.

W. Australia. Swaii River anJ Rottcnest Islaud, Preiss, n. 2388 and 2439, Brum-
mond, Coll. 18-U, «. 231 and 2i2, and others ; Boaache Island, Fraser. I cau perceive no dif-
fereuce between the two forms described by Miquel. The fruit-pedicels vary from 3 to 8 lines.

21. D. bursarifolia, Behr atid F. Muell. in Tram. Vict. Inst. i. 8.
A glabrous nuich-branched shrub, scarcely viscid, the smaller branches slender,
terete or scarcely angled. Leaves from obovate to oblong-cuueate or oblong,
usually obtuse, under \ in. or rarely f in. long, entire, coriaceous, the lateral
veins inconspicuous. Pedicels short, sobtary or 2 or 3 together, axillary or
terminal. Sepals narrow-lanceolate. Anthers oblong, usually exceeding the
calyx. Styles often elongated. Capsule 4 to 5 lines long, 3- or 4-angled,
either not winged or with very narrow vvings ; dissepiraents splitting and
falling off with the valves, leaving only the filiform axis persistent. — F. MutU.
Pl. Vict. i. 87, t. 5.

Victoria. IVIurray desert, F. Mueller.

S. Australia. Piue Forcst, near Salt Creek, Behr ; barren ridges and dry scrubby
plaius, uiar St. \'iucent's Gulf, F. Mneller.

V7. Australia. In the interior, Drinnmond, n. 14 and 187.

Yar. (?) major. Leaves rather lonn;er and not so broad in proportion, very rarely coarsely
toolhed. Fruit uot seen, and thcrefore the species doubtful. — Sharks Bay audDirk Hartog's
Islaud, Mihie.

22. D. Baueri, Endl. in Iluer/. Emm. 13. A small or spreading shrub,
with short slender but rigid brauchcs, glabrous and more or less viscid.
Leaves broadly ovate, obovate or almost orbicular, obtuse or truncate, usually
slightly sinuate-toothed, mostly 4 to 6 lines long, coriaceous, 1-nerved, the
lateral veins inconspicuous. Pedicels short, recurved, axillary and solitary
or few in a short termiual raceme. Sepals broadly ovate, ratherthick. Cap-
gnle small, 3- or 4-angled, the angles very rarely produced into very narrow
wings at the upper outer edge. — B. dejiexa, F. Muell. in Trans. Vict. List. i.
8, aud Pl. Yict. i. 87.

Victoria. In the Murray scrub, F. MiieUer.

S. Australia, S. coast, R. Brown ; Fliuders Range and Speucer's Gulf, F. MueUer ;
Venus Bay, Warbiirton.

23. D. humifusa, Miq. in Pl. Preiss. i. 226. A low^, diffuse or pro-
strate, much-branched shrub, often rooting at the nodes, glabrous or the
young branches slightly pubescent and scarcely viscid. Leaves crowded,
linear-cimeate, oblong-spathulate or rarely almost triangular, obtuse or i-arely
acute, mostly under \ iu. and rarely f in. long, entire or deeply 3-toothed,
coriaceous, 1-nerved, the lateral veins rarely conspicuous. Plowers usually 2
or 3 together on rather long pedicels. Scpals ovate or ovate-lanceolate, often
2 lines long in the males, smaller in the females. Style often elongated.
Capsule about 3 lines long, 3- or 4-angled, the angles acute or expanded
towards the top into very narrow wings.

\ir. Australia. Clayey aud gravelly plains, Hay district, Preiss, n. 2441 ; towards
Cape Riche, Druinmond, ath CoU. n. 250 and 251 ; Tone river and Tulbruuup hike, Old-

Dodoi/rP/l.l XXXVIII. SAPINDACT..*;. 483

^c/d. The geiieral aspect is that of B. procumbens, from wliu-h it is i-eadily knowii by the
large sepals or by the fruit.

Var. hirteUa. Brauches hirsute with short spreading hairs. Lcaves mostly 3-lobeil. —
Brummond, hth Cull. n. 249.

24. D. hexandra, J. Muell. in Trans. Vict. Inst. 1855, 117. A low
shrub, closely resembliiig B. pinifolia in liabit, foliage, and Howers. Leaves
narrow-linear witli revolute luargins, almost terete or subulate, under 1 iu.
long. Flowers solitary or 2 together, on vei-y short recurved pedicels. Se-
pals ovate or lanceoLate. Anthers usually 6. Capsule nearly globular or
obscurely 4-angled, about 2 or nearly 3 lines diameter, uot horned, but some-
times bearing small tubercles at the upper outer edge of the angles.

S. Australia. S. coast, R. Brown ; Port Lincolu, Wount Grcenly, and iMarble Range,
iyilhel)iii.

25. D. ericoides, Miq. in Pl. Preiss. i. 227. A low shrub, with a
thick rootstock and erect rather slender branching stems, often under 1 fc.
high but sometimes twice as much, glabrous as well as the leaves or hoary-
pubescent. Leaves sessile, linear, obtuse, 2 to 3 lines or rarely f in. long,
the margins closely revolute, entire or with 2 or 3 small teeth or lobes.
Flowers terminal, solitary, on very short recurved leafy peduncles. Sepals
broadly lanceolate, acuminate, often 2 lines long, more or less hoary-tomen-
tose. Capsule hoary-pubescent, nearly globular, with obtuse angles, neither
winged nor horned, 3- or 4- rarely 5-celled.

"W. Australia. In the interior, rare, Freiss, n. 2435 ; Brummond, Coll. 1843, n. 726.

Series V. PiNNAT.s;. — Leaves all pinnate or very rarely a few simple
ones at the base of the branches. Capsule of the Cyclopteree, except in Z>,
oxyptera and D. inaquifolia, where it approaches that of the Platypterce,
and in D. hiiniilis, where it is apterous ; dissepiments persisteut on the axis
in all except D. incEqnifolia .

26. D. polyzyga, P. Muell. Fragm. i. 74. A tall shrub, tlie shoi-t
floweriug branches nearly terete and, as weU as the leaves, sparingly pubes-
cent and glandidar-viscid. Leaves pinnate, the rhacliis slightly dilated or
nearly terete ; leafiets numerous, often above 30, oblong, acute, rarely
exceeding \ in., entire, obliquely rounded at the base and almost j^etiohdate,
flat, 1-nerved, rather rigid but not coriaceous. Flowers not seen. Eruiting
racemes terminal, loose, but much shorter than the leaves ; pedicels recurved,
\ in. long. Sepals lanceolate, foliaceous, 3 to 4 lines long. Capsule like
the Lnrger ones of D. viscosa, the wings rather broad but variable in shape,
the terminal sinus usually open.

N. Australia. L^pper Victoria river, F. Mueller.

27. D. megazyga, F. Muell. Herh. A tall shrub, ghibrous and sli,^htly
viscid, the young branches acutely angled. Leaves niostiy pinnate, the rhachis
conspicuously winged ; leaflets usually numerous, sometimes above 30, lanceo-
late, acute, -^ to 1 in. long ; in some speeimens the lower leaves of the
branches reduced to very few leaflets or to a siniple linear-lanceolate leaf.
Flowers rather large, in short axillary racemes or terminal panicles, the pedicels
slender. Sepals ovate. Capsules small, witb broad obovate or orbicular di-
veraing wings of 3 or 4 lines.

2 I :2

484 xxxviii. SAPiNDAcrwE. [^Dochn^a.

N. S. ^Vales. Ilustinirs rivor, Ilerh. Liadley, BeckJer ; Dogwood Creek, Leichhardt ;
Paraiuatta, WitoUs. Y. MucUer, Fl. Vict. i. 86, refcrs Ihis to D. viscosa, on the ground of
a few siniple leavcs occurring on Leiehhardt's and AVoolls's specimens ; but even tlien the
foliage and ansrular stenis appear to nie to be niuch niore those of D. truucaiiales, and the
shapc of thc fruit ralher diifercut froni both. \Voolls's Paramatta spceimcns havc uo fully-
fornied fruits Thc siniplc leavcs are rarc, and appear to occur only at the base of the
branchcs.

28. D. physocarpa, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 74. A tall shrub, tlie
floweving- bmnclics siiort, nearly tcrete, and as well as the leaves slightly
pubescent as in D. polijz;/ga, but much less viscid. Leaves pinnate, the
rhachis anoular but scarcely dikited ; leaflcts rarely more than 10 and oftea
only 4 to 6, obovate or oblong', obtuse or mucronate, mostly 3 to 4 lines
long, entire or rarely obscurely 2- or 3-toothed, flat, 1-nerved, sonietimes
rather thick but not coriaeeous. Eacemes terminal, short, loosely few-
flowercd. Sepals hinceohite, obtuse, nearly 2 lines long. Anthers short,
obtuse. Style otten elongated. Capsule large, somewhat inflatcd, often 5-
or 6-celled, the axis above ^ in. long; wings not very broad, rounded above
and l)elow, but much injured in our specimens. Seeds opaque.

N. Australia. Sea range, Yictoria rivcr, F. Mueller.

29. D. vestita, IIool-. in Milch. Trop. Avstr. 265. A mueh-branched
shrub, densely villous, hirsute or pubescent, the hairs sometimes long and
aimost golden. Leaves pinnate, the rhachis winged ; leaflets varying from
few broadly obovate-cuneate and 2 or 3 lines long, to above 20, narrow-
oblong and 4 or 5 liues long, entire or rarely 2- or 3-toothed, the margins
always much recurved. Pedicels usually in clusters of 3 or 4, about \ in.
long. Se])als lanceolate, acute, attaining 3 lines. Anthers 8 to 10, linear,
hirsute, spirally twisted as they fade. Capsule when young hirsute with long
hairs, the wings broadly orbicular, when far advanced the hairs rnostly dis-
appear and the wings are much narrower in proportion to the carpcls. —
B. pauUiniaffoUa, A. Cunn. Herb. ; Steud. Nom. Bot. ed. 2.

Queensland. Bclyando river, Miirhell (very hirsnte specimcns, with few, smal),
broad lcallcts, aud l)roadly wina;cd, vcry hirsute young fruits) ; Endcavour river, Ban/.s, A.
Cunninf/hatii (scarcely niore than pubcsccut, with uiinierous narrow lcaflcts and luirrow-
winged, scarccly hirsutc, old IVuits) ; Castle Crcck aud hcad of Boyd rivcr, Leichhardt
(leaves aiul indunuutum iutermcdiale, and on one siiccimen thc young fruit, likc jNlitcludrs,
on oue brancli, und au old capsule, like Cuuningham's, ou auothcr brauch).

30. D. pinnata, Sm. in Rees, Cycl. xii. Branclies terete, softly hirsute
as well as tlie lcavcs as in B. vestila. Leaves pinnatc, the rhaehis wiuged ;
leaflets from about 8 to above 30, from obovate to oblong-obluse, 2 to 4 lines
long, the margins recuiTcd, hirsute on both sides and hoary-tomentose
inulcriicath, thc uppcr leavcs often niuch reduced. Male flovvcrs in shoit
tcrminal compact racemes excccding the k;aves ; pedicels sliort. Scpals
broadly lanceolatc, rather raore than 1 linc long. Anthcrs obtuse, liirsutc,
about as long as the calyx. Fcmalc flowers and fruit not seen.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown {Hh. R. Br. aiid Siiiith). luterniediate in
foliage bclwccn D. vcsllia aud D. mnltijii(/a. This dillcrs froni both iu inlioresccucc, but
its attinitics uinst rcmain doubtful uufil thc IViiit has been scen.

31. D. oxyptera, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 74. A shrub of scveral ft., thc

Dodoncea.'] xxxYiil. sapindace/E. 485

branclies virgate, terete, pubescent as well as tlie leaves and more or less
viscid. Leaves pinnate, tlie rliachis angular but scarcely dilated ; leaflcts
usnally 5 to 11, narrow-oblong or oblong-cuneate, obtuse, 2 to 4 lines or
rarely -g- in. long, the margins recurved. Flowers small, sessile or very
sliortly pedicebate. Sepals broad, acute, about 1 line long. Anthcrs obtuse,
not exceeding the calyx, often hirsute. Ca])sule small, slightly hairy, the
axis 3 to 3 liues long, tlie wings rigid, divergeut, almost triangular and acnte.
K. Australia. Islauds of tlic Gulf of Carpeutaria, R. Brown ; dry rocky hills, Fitz-
maiuire rivcr, Aruhein's Land, F. Mueller. Scveral of R. BrovvQ's speciu.eus have nunicroiis
malc' fiowers and fruits on the same individual.

32. D. humilis, ^ndl. Nov. Stirp. Bec. 26, and Jtulda, t. 31. A mucli-
branched glahrous shrub, often viscid. Leaves pinnate, the rhacliis slightly
dilated ; leaflets 5 to 13 or rarely more, broadly obovate-cnneate, deeply
toothed at the end, 2 to 4 lines or rarely \ in. loug, narrowed at the base,
the margins sligutly recurved, 1-nerved, ratherrigid. Flowers in short, dense,
terminal corymbs, on very short pedicels. Sepals ovate or oblong, about \\
lincs long, often glandular-ciliate. Filaments more conspicuous than in niost
species ; anthers slightly exceeding the calyx, tipped by a stipitate gland,
spirally twisted as tliey fade. Capsule nearly globular, about 4 lincs diameter,
not winged, beset with rigid glandular-tipped bristles, olherwise glabrous.

S. Australia. Mcmory Cove, i2. Brown ; Port Liucolu, Wllhehni ; Spericcr's Gidf
and StreaAV Bay, Warhurton.

33. D. boronisefolia, G. Dou, Gen. Syst. i. 67-1. A much-branched
shrub, usually pubescent or shortly hirsute, rarely glabrous, often viscid.
Lcaves pinnate, the rhaehis more or less dilated ; leaflets 5 to 9 or rarely
more, obovate or cuneate-oblong, obtuse or trnncate, and usually toothed at
the end, 2 to 3 lines long or rarely miore, coriaceous, with recurved margins.
Pedicels clustered on very short lateral l)ranches, those of the males very
short, of the females often 3 to 4 liues long. Sepats ovate-hinceolate, about
1 liue long. Anthers short, obtuse. Capsule of D. viscosa, glabrons, usually
rather small, the wings not very broad, rouuded at the top and at the base. —
D. Caleyana, Gr. Don, Gen. Svst. i. 674 (frora the character given) ; D. hiriella,
Miq. in Linufea, xviii. 94 ; F. Muell. Pl. Yict. i. 89.

Queensland. On the JMaranoa, Mitchell ; Kenfs Lagoon and Bokhara flats, Leichhardt.

Itf . S. TVales. Liverpool plains, near Bathurst, Lachlau rivcr, etc., A. Cunmnyham ;
Gwydir rivcr, Leiehhardt ; between the Darling aud Coopcr s Creck, Neilson.

Victoria. Granite rocks betwcen the Goulburn aud Ovens rivers, F. Mueller. Se-
veral of thcse specimens have largcr, more toothcd leallcts, conspicuously marked with
black dots.

34. D. multijuga, G. Don, Gen. Syst. i. 674. Shrubby and not so
compact as the precediug species, pubescent or nearly glabrous, and very
viseid. Leaves pinnate, the rhachis slightly dikted ; leaflets usually from
15 to above 30, obbquely obovate or oblong, obtuse, often toothed, 3 to 4
lines long, the margins recurved. Plowers on slender pedicels in loose
racemes, mostly termiual. Sepals lanceohate, acute, l^ to 2 lines long.
Anth.ers linear-oblong, nearly as long as the sepals. Capsule of Z). viscosa,
but usually larger than in D. boronifrfolia.

N. S. Wales. Port Jacksou, Tl. Browu ; Bhie Mounlaius, Miss Allcinson; Iflawarra,

486 XXXVIII, SAPiNDACE.ii. [^Dodoncea.

A. CiKinhnjham, Shepherd. Besides the numerous leaflets, this a])pears to be sufTiciently
distiuct froni B. boronifefolia, in thc longer sepals and authers, and iu inflorescence.

35. D. larrseoides, Turc.z. in Bidl. Mosc. 1858, i. 408. Slmibby,
glabrous, ancl very viscid, the young branches slightly angular, Leaves
pinnate, the rhachis scarcely dilated ; leaflets usually froni 15 to near 30,
linear-oblong, 2 to 4 lines long, or occasionally shorter and broader, entire or
rarely rainutely toothed, keeled underneath, rather rigid, the margins not
recurved, Flowers not seen. Fruiting pedicels slender, cbistcred or vevy
shortly raceniose. Capsule of D. viscosa, not very large, tlie wings ronnded
at the top and at the base. — D. multijnfja, F. Muell. Fragni. i. 219, not of
G. Don ; and therefore altered to D.foliolosa, F. Muell. Fragm. ii. 182.

W. Australia, Druminond, 2>rd ColL, n. 213; stouy places, Gcraldine mines, Mur-
chison river, Oldfield.

36. D. insequifolia, Turcz. in Bidl. Mosc. 1858, i. 408. Shrubby,
rigid, ghibrous and usually very viscid. Leaves pinnate, tlie rhachis scarcely
dihited ; leaflcts nsiially above 15, from linear-terete aiid 2 to 4 lines, to
oblong and scarcely 1 line long, obtuse and often callous at the end, chan-
neled above, convex uuderneath. Pedicels rather sk'nder, cUistered, those of
the males very short. Sepals ovate, 1 to l^ lines long. Anthers short and
very obtuse. Capsides small, tlie wings usually ovate or ol)ovate and very
divergent, narrowed at the top and the base almost as in the Platyptera.
Seeds smooth and shiniug. — D. leptozyga, F. Muell. Fragm, i. 219.

W. Australia, Drummond, \ih ColL, n. 258 ; Sharks Bay, Deuham ; Dirk Hartog's
Island, Milne ; Murchison river, Oldfield.

37. D. adenophora, Miq. in Linnrea, xviii. 95. A rigid shrub, gla-
brous and usuallv very viscid, the young branches angular. Leaves pinnate,
tlie rliachis scarcely dilated ; leaflets 3 to 9 or raiely 11, linear or sUghtly
cuneate, obtuse and often callous at the tips, 2 to 4 lines long, very rarely
slightly toothed at the end, couvex or keeled underneath, flat above, rather
thick and rigid. Pediccls slender, chistered. Sepals ovate, acute, or very
shortly racemose, rather niore than 1 bne long. Authers short, very obtuse.
Capsule small, the wings rather broad, rounded at the top and at tlie base ;
dissepiments spHtting and coming ott" with the valves, leaving only the
filiform axis persistent as in D. ftatyptera, D. stenophylla, and D. bu7'sarifolia.
— Thoninia (?) adenophora, Miq. in Pl. Preiss.i. 224. — D. lenuifotia, LindL in
Mitch. Trop. Austr. 248 (tlie Queeushmd and N. S. Wales specimens).

Queensland. Coudamiue river, Leichhardt ; Belyando river, Mitchell.

N. S. TVales. Rocky hills near Liverpool plains, A. Ciiiininghain.

■^V. Australia, Drummond, alh ColL, ^uppL. n. 38; Darliag range, Pniss, n. 2442.

]icichh;irdt's spcciincns are in leaf on!j', and jMitclieirs in flower OTily. C'uuniugliaui's
are in flovver and l'ruit, hut thc capsules are uot qiiitc ripe euough lo he certain of (hc de-
hisccncc ; as far as thcy go, howevcr, I can sce no differcnce whatcver hctvvcen thein and
Druuiniond's excelleut fruiting speciineus, wliich agaiu agree perfectly with the fruiting frag-
meuts I have seen of l'reiss's. Should, however, the castcrn plant prove to have the per-
sistcut dissepiments of B. viscosa, it will staud as a distiuct spccies, uudcr the nauie of B.
tenuifoliii, I/indl., diffcriug from B. stenozijcja iu its flat, linear leaflets, and clustercd or
raeemosc pedicels.

38. D. stenozyga, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 98, and Pl. flct. i. 88. An

BodoncEa.'] xxxviii, sapinuace.k. . 487

erect, compact, very mucli branched slirub, glabrous and often viscid, the last
slender branchlets not much thicker than the petioles and leafiets. Leaves
mostly pinnate with few usually distant liuear and ahiiost terete leallets
rarely above \ in. long, channelled above and convex uuderneath like the
common petioles. ]\Iale flowers not seen. Female pedicels solitary, 2 to 6
lines long. Sepals obloug-lanceolate, about 1 line long. Capsules of B.
viscosa, rather large, the wings rounded at the top and at ihe base, the
terminal siuus open ; persistent dissepiments rather broad.

N. S. 'Wales. Desert of the Darling, DaUacluj aud Goodwin.

Victoria. Desert near the coiifluence of the Loddon and the Miirray, F. Mneller.

S. Australia. S. coast, R. Brown (leaflets rather more nunierous, but iiifioresceuce of
J). stenozijga).

W. Australia, Brummond, n. 188 (spccimeus precisely similar to the Victorian
ones).

39? D. concinna, Benth. Very near B. stcnozyga, and perhaps a va-
riety, but the small specimeus seen have a very differeut aspect. Leaflets 5
to 11, crowded ou short coriaceous petioles, liuear, ahnost terete, chauneUed
above, convex underneath, 2 to 4 lines long. Llowers not seeu. Fruiting
pedicels several, in a very short raceme. Capsule of B. viscosa, the wings
rounded at the top and at the base, the dissepimeuts broad and persistent as
in B. stenozyga, uot splittiug and deciduous as iu the true B. adeuophora. —
B. adenopliora, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 98, not of INliquel.

W. Australia. In the south-west, Herb. F. Mueller.

16. DISTICHOSTEMON, F. Muell.

Characters of Bodoncea except that the sepals vary froni 5 to 8, and the
staraens are indefinite, usually al)Ove 20, closely packed in 2 or more series. —
Pubescent shriib. Leaves siuiple. Infloi-escence more nearly au interrupted
spike than iu any Bodonaas.

The genus is limited to a single species, endemic in Australia, scarcely suffie-icntly distinct
from Bodoncea.

1. D. phyllopterus, F. Muell. in Hook. Kew Journ. ix. 300. A tall
shrub, softly tomentose-pubescent or villous in aU its parts. Leaves very
shortlv petiolate, obloug or rarely obovate, very obtuse, 1 to 3 in. long, entu-e,
soft and velvety on both sides, the veins promiuent uiiderneath. Flowers
nearly sessile, in terrainal leafless interrupted spikes or racemes of 1 to 3 in.,
rai'ely branching into oblong pauicles. Sepals most frequently 6, but in some
speeimens almost all 5. Stamens although usually above 20, yet occasionally
only 12 to 15, and often above 30 ; anthers oblong-linear, croVvded, with very
short filameuts as in Bodonrea. Styles occasionally elongated as in some Bodo-
nceas. Capsule more or less tomentose, obovoid-triquetrous, the angles more or
less produced into herbaceous erect wings, usually ovate, very obtuse, and only
on the upper outer half of the carpels, but occasioually, especially in the Bank-
sian specimeus, not so broad, and continued almost to the base. Seeds very
shining, usually 2 in each cell. — Bodonaa hispidnla, Eudl. Atakt. t. 30.

N. Australia. N.W. coast, Bynoe ; Goulbourn Island and Cape Pond, A. Cunning-
ham ; Victoria river, Point Pearce, and Roper River, F. Mueller , Port Essington, Arm-

488 XXXVIII. SAPiNDACE.E. [Distichosiemon.

sfropff ; islaiids of tlic Gulf of Carpcntaria, 7?. Broivn, Hemie ; frpni Arnhcm's Land to
thc sources of Gilberfs Kiver, nol rare, F. Mueller.

Alectryon (?) canescens, DC. Prod. i. 617, from the E. coast, with oblong, obtuse, closely
pubesccut leaves, axillary raccmes the lenirth of the leaves, the fniit iiearly of Cameraria,
surrouudcd by a wiug counatc vvilh thc style, aud thiek, obloug sceds, is unkuovvii to me.
From thc above very uusatisfactory dcscriptiou, it canuot bc au Alectri/on, aud is most pro-
bably not Saphidaceous.

Okder XXXIX. ANACARDIACE^.

Flowers iiiiisexual polygainoiis or liermaplirodite, usually regular. Calyx
of 3 to 5 lobes or distinct s^^pals. Petals 3 to 7, rarely uone. Disk usually
annular or broad. Stauiens of tlie same number or twice as many as petals,
very rarely indefinite, inserted round the disk or rarely upon it ; filameuts
free ; authcrs versatile. Ovary superior, usually 1-celled, with 1 to 3 styles,
or in the Sjjondiece 2- to 5-celled, or very rarely of 2 to 5 distinct cai-pels, or
in male flowers reduced to 4 or 5 rudimeutary style-like carpels. Ovules so-
litary in the ovary or in each of its cells, pendulous or broadly adnate to the
side of the cavity, or suspeuded from a free funicle erect from the base of the
cavity, with a dorsal raphe and inferior micropyle ; very rarely in genera not
Australian erect, with a ventral raphe aud iuferior micropyle. Fruit superior
or rarely lialf inferior, free or adnate at the base to tlie enlarged calyx-tube or
disk, 1-celled or (in Spondiefe) several-celled, usually drupaceous and inde-
hisccnt. Seed erect liorizontal or pendulous ; albumeu none or very thin.
Enibryo straight or iucurved, cotyle(h)ns usually fleshy ; radiclc shoii, in-
ferior or more frcquently turned upwards or superior. — Trees or shrubs, the
bark often exuding a caustic, balsamic or gummy juice. Lcaves aUernate or
very rarely opposite, witliout rcal stipules, simple or ternatcly or piunately
compound, usually witliout glanchdar dots. Inflorescence various, usually
panicukatc, with snudl flowers. Tlesh of the drupes usually oily or full of
caustic juice.

Thc Ordcr is abundautly distributcd ovcr the Iropical regions of the New and the Old
Worhl, niorc rare iu teuipcratc climatcs. Of the tive Australiau gcuera, two are common to
the Ncw and thc Old World, two are .Vsiatic, aud thc tifth is endeuiic.

Ovary 1-eelled or earpcls distinct.

Leavcs pinnatc or 3-foliolate. .

Staincns 5 or 10. Ovulc suspended from an erect funicle ... 1. Rhus.
Stamcus 10. Ovules suspendcd from the top of thc cavity . . . 3. Elkosciiinus.
Lcaves siinplr.

Stanuns 10. Carpels 5 or 6. Ovules suspeuded from an crect

funicle 2. Buciianania.

Stameus 5. Ovary 1-celIcd. Ovule suspcndcd from thc top of the

cavity 4. Skmecaupus.

Ovary 2- or morc celled. Lcavcs pinnate. Stamcns 8 or 10. Ovulcs

suspcuded from thc top of Ihc cavity ... 5. Spondias.

1. RHUS,Linn.

riowers polygamous. Calyx siuall, of 4 to 6, usually 5, imbricate scpals.
Petals as many as sepals, imbricate in the bud. Disk broad, ilat or anuidar.

EhuS.'] XXXIX. ANACARDIACEiE. 489

Stamcns as many as petals or rarely 10, inscrted round tlie basc of the disk.
Ovary l-cclled ; styles 3, free or connate, -vvith simple or capitate stigmas ;
ovule suspended from an erect filifonn funicle. Drupe globular or compressed,
usually small. Seed inverted or transverse, the radicle turned upwards. —
Trees or shrubs. Leaves pinnate, 3-foliohite, or in species not Australiau
simple. Flowers small, in terminal or axilhiry panicles.

The species are luimerous in tlie warmer extratropical resjions of both thc northcrn and
southern hemispheres, especially in S. Africa, more rare wilhin thc tropics. The Australiau
species are both eademic.

Leaves jjinnate, glabrous. Flowers rather large. Stamens 10. Drupes

glohular . . . \. R. rJiodantJiema.

Leaves digitately 3- or 5-foliolate, tomentose undcrneath. Flowers very

small. Stamens 3 2. R. vitlcifoJia.

1. R. rhodanthema, F. Muell. Herb. A tree of 70 to 80 ft., quite
ghabrous except little tufts of hairs along the midrib of the leatiets underneath.
Leaves pinnate, the common petiole terete ; leaflets usuallv 7 or 9, oblong,
ol)tusely acuminate, mostly 2 to 2^ in. long, entire, shortly petiohdate, the
pinnate veins prominent underneath. Panicles pyramidal or broadlv thyr-
soitl, dense. Flowers dioeeious, red, very shortly pedicellate, larger than in
inost species. Sepals broadly ovate, very obtuse, about 1 line long. Petals
ovate, recurved, about l^ lines. Stamens 10. Ovary broad ; styles 3,
short, thick, diverging, with capitate stigmas ; ovule nearly giobular, sus-
pended as in the rest of the genus fi-om an erect funicle. Dnipe giobular,
sliining, about \ iu. diameter, putamen thick and woody, striate outside, liued
with a separable cartilaginous layer inside. Seeds orbicular, flat ; testa
niembrauous, but ratlier thick.

Queensland. Wide Bay, C. Moore ; Brisbane river, Moreton Bay, Fraser, A. Cun-
niiKjhaiii, W. IliiJ, F. MneJler.

W, S. 'Wales. Chu-ence river, Serh. F. MiteJJer.

This specics ditiers from the greater part of the genus in its hirge red flowers, 10 stamens
and larger globular drupes. R. simarubipfoJia, A. Gray, from the J'iji islands, aijproaclies
it in gencral habit and in the size of the llowcrs, but they are white aud pcntaudrous, aud
tbc leafiets are firmer and more obtuse.

2 ? R, viticifolia, F. Muell. Herb. Branches, petioles, and inflorcs-
cence hoary-pubesccnt. Leaves digitately compound ; Leaflets 3 or (accord-
ing to F. Mueller) rarely 5, ovate or elliptical, acute, 2 to 3 iu. long, entire
or sinuate-tootlied, narrowed iuto a petiolule, giabrous above, white or hoary
underneath with a close tomentum. Plowers very sinall, in a pvramidal or
thyrsoid terminal panicle. Sepals lanccolate, hirsute, about ^ line lon"-.
Petals oblong, nearly 1 liue long, glabrous. Stamens 5. Female flowers aud
fruit not seen.

Queensland (?), LeicJiJiardt. Evidcntly closcly allicd to the S. Africau R. tomentosa,
Liuu. Tlic leaves appcar to be less coriaceous, but otherwise the fragmentary spccimens
are iusuflBcient to give diagnostic characters, Cau it be the species importcd?

2. BUCHANANIA, Pioxb.

Flowers hermaphrodite. Calyx short, obtus^iy 3- to 5-toothed. Petals 5,
iinbricate in the bud. Disk orbicular, crenati-. Stamens 10, inserteil roimd

490 xixix. ANACARDiACE/E. [^Buchanania.

the disk. Gynoecium of 5 or 6 distinct carpels, of which one only perfect,
the others rudimentary and style-like ; style of the perfect one short, with a
truncate stigma ; ovule suspended from aa erect hliform funicle. Drupe
small, the putamen crustaceous or bony, 2-valved. Seed with thick cotyle-
dons and a superior radicle. — Trees. Leaves alternate, simple, entire, coria-
ceous. riowers small, white, in terminal or axillary panicles.

The genus exteiids over tropical Asia and the islaiids of the Pacific, the Australian species
liaving also a vvide Asiatic range.

1. B. angustifolia, Boxh. Pl. Corom. iii. 68, t. 262. A tree, eitlier
quite glabrous or the yoiuig shoots and panicles slightly rusty-tomentose or
pubescent. Leaves oblong or cuneate-oblong, obtuse and rounded at the
end, 3 to 8 in. long, and 1 to 2 in. broad, gradually narrowed into a short
petiole, ratlier rigid, of a pale colour, the pinnate veins and transverse reticu-
kte veinlets prominent on both sides. Panicles rather loose, shorter than the
leaves, several together at the ends of the branches, each in the axil of a
fioral leaf usually reduced to a small bract ; occasionally the central bud
grows out and the panicles are placed at the base of the new branch. Flowers
ghibrous ; petals nearly l^ lines long. Drupe more or less compressed, ob-
lique, from broadly ovate to nearly oblong, rarely exceeding \ in. — W. and
Arn. Prod. 169, with the synonyms adduced ; Wight, Ic. t. 101.

N. Australia. Victoria river, Bi/noe, F. Miieller ; Port Essington, Armstronr) ;
islands of the Gidf of Carpentaria, R. Brown.

Queensland. Alijany Island, F. Mueller ; N.E. coast, A. Cunningham.
Thc species is widely distributed over East [ndia and the Archipelago.

3. EUROSCHINUS, Tlook. f.

"Flowers polygamous or dicecious. Calyx small, 5-lobed. Petals 5, ini-
bricate in the bud. Disk orbicuhir, deeply crenate. Staniens j 0, inserted
round the disk. Ovary l-celied, with 3 thick shoii styles, or in the males of
3 or 4 linear style-like nidiments ; ovule pendulous from the top of the
cavity. Drupe small, more or less compressed, the })utamen coriaceous.
Seeds compresscd, with tiat cotyledons ; the radicle turned upwards. — Tree.
Leaves pinnate. Flowers rather small, in terminal or lateral panicles.

The genus is hmited to a singlc specics, eiidcmic in Anstralia. It is closcly allied to the
American genus Bchinus, but with a ratiier ditFerent liai)it, a ganiosepalous calyx, aud Ihe
putamen of the fruit does not appear to contaiu the oily reccptacles so conspicuous iu fhat
genus.

1. E. falcatus, Ilook. f. in Bentli. and Ilook. Gen. Pl. 422. A low
tree, ghibrous or the young shoots miuutely hoary. Leaflets 4 to 8, very
oblique or falcate, ovate to lanceohite, shortly acuminate, 2 to 3 in. long, all
but the terminal one very unequal at tlie base, on petiohiles of 1 to 3 lines,
penninerved and reticulate, the connnon petiole teretc. Panicles divaricate,
many-flower(;d, not exceeding the h^aves. Plowers ahnost sessile, chistered
along the branches, about 1 line long and glabrous. Calyx-lobes obtuse,
slightly imbricate. Petals twice as long, oblong, very spreading. Drupes
at first broadly and obliquely ovate, l)ut in some specimens vvhere they arc
better ripened more oblong, and attaining ahnost ^ in. in length.

Euroschinm.'] xxxix. anacardiace.e. 491

Queensland. Sources of the Burdekiu, F. MneUer ; Suurlay Ifelaud, WGillivray.
N, S. Wales. llastings rivcr, Beckler ; Clarence river, C. Moore.
Var. angustifoUus. Leaves falcate-lanceolate, mucli acuniinate. Flowers rather larger.
— Northuuiberlaud Islauds, S. Brown ; Rockhamptou, Thozet.

4. SEMECARPUS, Linn. f.

riowers polyganious. Calyx sniall, 5-lobed. Petals 5, imbvicate in the
biicl. Disk orbicular, slightly lobed or crenate. Stamens 5, inserted round
the disk. Ovary 1-celled, with 3 styles, and somewhat chib-shaped stiguias ;
ovule suspendeii from the top of the cavity. Drupe or nut reniform, seated
on the much-enhn-ged, thick, succulent, iieshy, cupular or turbinate base of
the calyx ; pericarj) thick, hard, lilled with resinous cells. Seed ]:)endulous,
the testa coriaceous, somewhat flesliy inside ; embryo thick, with plano-
convex cotyledous and a very short superior radicle, — Trees. Leaves alteruate,
Flowers small, in terminal or lateral pauicles.

The genus"rangcs over tropical Asia, the species most numcrous in Ceylou ; the Austra-
liau one exteuding over nearly the whole area.

1. S. Anacardium, Llnn. ; TF. and Arn. Prod. 168, var. (?) parvlfuJia.
Leaves broadly obovate, very obtuse, 3 to 4 in, long, entire, rounded at the
base, on very short petioles, glabrous above, hoary or white undernealh but
scarcely tomentose, the pinnate veins and reticulate veinlets conspicuoiis
on botli sides. Male panicles pyramidal, shorter tlian or as long as the
leaves. Flowers very small, sessile and clustered, Calyx very sliort. Pe-
tals scarcely 1 line long. Ovary minute and rudimentary orreduced to a tuft
of hair. Female iiowers aud fruit of tlie Australian variety not seen.

N, Australia. Port Essington, Armstrong. The species is widely distributed over
E. India, and has usually leaves from ^ to 1 ft. long, but, as far as our speciniens go, I can
see no charactei, besides the smaller lcaves, to distinguish the Anstraliau forni.

There is also in Armstrong's Port Essiugtou collcctiou, a single leaf, 2i ft. long by about
7 iu. broad, and acutely acuminate, of what may be S. cassuvium, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 85, a
Molucca species.

5. SPONDIAS, Linn.

(Evia, Comm. ; Cytherea, IF. and Arn.)

Flowers polygamous, Calyx small, 4- or 5-lobed or divided to the base,
Petals 4 or 5, spreading, almost valvate in tlie bud. Disk orbicular, crenate,
Stamens tAvice as many as petals, inserted rouud the disk. Ovary 3- to 5- (or
sometimes 10- to 15- ?) celled, with as many sliort, conical, connivent
styles ; ovules solitary in each cell, pendulous. Drupe with a fleshy ejncai-p,
the putamen hard and bony, the cclls erect or vertically curved and diverging
at the top, the piitamen picrced with a foramen corresponding to the apex of
cach cell. Seeds solitary in each cell, pendulous ; testa membranous ; cmi)ryo
straight or slightly cm'ved with the seed ; cotyledons oblong, radicle superlor,
— Trees. Leaves crowded at the ends of the brauches, pinnate. Flowers
snudl, in terminal or axillary panicles.

The genus is viidely spread over tropical conntries, and some species are also cultivated
under the name of Hog PIuths. It is often divided into two : Spondias, chiefly Americau,
with erect cclls in the drupe, and Evia or Cytherea, chicfly Asiatic, with the cells divergent
at the top. The Australiau species, which is endemic, belongs to the iatter group.

492 xxxix. ANACAKUiACE.E. {Spondios.

1. S. Solandri, Beyifh. A niodcrate-sizcd tree, tlie trunk occasionally
acquiring a very great thickness, quite glabrous in all its parts. Leaflets 7
or 9, obliquely ovate or oblong, obtusc, 2 to 3 in. long, entire, veiy unequal at
tlie base, paie underneath, with fine piunate veins and reticulate veinlets.
Flowers sessile, dcnsely clustered, in short axiUary inteiTupted spikes or ra-
cemes, rarely branching into panicles. Calyx-lobes separate alraost to the basc,
ovate, obtuse, about \ line long. Petals 5, spreading, obtuse, about \\ lines
long. Stamens 10, inserted in or uuder the crcnatures of the disk ; filamcnts
slender ; anthers small. Ovary half immersed in the disk, with 4 or some-
times 3 short conical styles. — Spoudias acic/a, Soland. in Herb. Banlis, not of
Blume.

Qaeensland. Endeavour river, -Banis and SoJander ; Keppel Bay, Shoahvater Bay,
Broad Sound, and Northuniberlaud Islands, R. Brotcn. The above descriijUou is taken
from R. Brovvu's notes, aud froni two flowering specimens iu the Banksiau herbarium, aud
oue iu R. Bro\vn's. There is also iu the Banksiau collectiou a packet of drupes uamed as
belonging to this species and described as sueh iu R.-Brown's notes ; but pcrhaps rcally those of
soine allied species, forthey have from 10 to 15, usually about 12 cells, although iti every other
respect like those of the sectiou Evia of Spuiidias. Thcy are of a depressed clobular forni,
the putauieu with as raauy anglcs as cells, exeeedingly hard, nearly 1 in. diametcr; thc ccUs
divergiug at the top as iu other Ecias. •

493

INDEX OP GENERA AND SPECIES.

The sijnonyms and species inciJenfaJly mentioned are printed in italics.

AbeJmoschus

aJhorubens, F. ^luell.

divaricatus, Walp. .
ficuJneus, W. & Arn.

Manihot, Walp. . .

rhodopetaJus^ .IslvsAX.

spJendeiis, Walp.
Abroma

fastuosa, R. Br. .
AbiitiJcea

cryptantha, F. Muell.
Abutilon

amplum, Benth. .

asiatictim, G. Don .

auritum, G. Bon .

Aviceuna;, Gartn. .

Behrianum, F. Muell.

caJifornicum, Beuth.

ci-ispum, G. Don

cryptopetalum, MueJJ.

Cunninghamii, Benth.

dipJotrichuin, F.Muell.

Fraseri, IIooJ:.

geranioitles, Benth. .

graveolens, W. t|" Arn.

halophiJum, F. Muell.

iuilicum, G. I)on .

leucopctahiui, MueJJ.

micropetahim, Benth.

Mitchelli, Benth. .

muticum, G. I)on

otocarpum, F. MueJl.

oxycarptim, F. MueJJ.

puJcheJJuin, G. Don .

snbviscosum, Benth.

tubulosum, Ilook.
AchiJJeopsis

densijJora, Turcz.
Achyranthus

vioJacea, Spreng.

rosea, Sprcng. . .
Acradeuia

Page

Page

Page

FrankliniEc, Kipp.

328

anomalum, F. MueJJ

97

209

Acronychia . . . .

866

Arabis

67

212

Baucri, Schott . .

866

glabra, Crantz

67

209

Cunnin(/hamii, Hoot

362

giyantea, Hook. .

f8

210

SiJJii, F. Muell. .

366

Arenaria

159

210

imperforata, F. Muell

367

media, Linn. . . .

162

213

lajvis, Forst. . . .

366

rubra, Linu. . . .

162

236

laurina, F. Muell. .

367

serpyllifoHa, Linn. .

159

236

Actinostigma

Aryyrodendron

JanceoJatum, Turcz. .

247

trifoJioJatum,Y.lsl\xd\

.231

201

Adausonia . . . .

222

Aristoteha . . . .

279

198

Gregorii, F. MueJl. .

223

australasica, F. MueJJ

280

200

Adeliopsis . . . .

59

peduucularis, Hook.f

280

203

decumbens, Benth. .

59-

Arytera

203

Adrastsea

46

divaricata, F. Muell.

468

203

salicifolia, BC. . .

46

foveoJata, F. Muell. .

467

203

Aglaia

382

seiniyJauca, F. Muell

458

204

ehcagnoidea, Benih. .

383

Ascyrum

206

odoiatissima, Benth.

383

humifusum, Labill. .

182

201

Ailauthus . . . , .

373

invoJutum, Labill. .

182

205

glandiilosa, Besf.

373

Asterochiton

205

iuiherbillora, /''. MueJJ

373

pyymceus, Tm"cz. . .

257

205

maJaharica, DC. . .

373

Astcrolasia . . . .

849

202

jiuncJata, F. MueU. .

365

buxifoha, Beiith. . .

351

204.

rhodoptera, F. Muell.

373

choriJmioides, Muell.

346

206

Akania

471

correifolia, Benth. .

850

202

Hiilii, Hook.f . .

471

grandiilora, Benth. .

352

200

A Jectrijon

molhs, Benth.

351

201

canescens, DC. . .

488

Mueneii, Benth. . .

350

201

Alphilonia . . . .

414

palHda, Benth. . .

352

204

e.xcelsa, Reissek .

414

phcbalioides, Benth.

352

202

franf/uJoides, A. Gray

414

phebaIioides,¥. Muell

351

204

zizi/iihoides, A. Gi-ay

414

pk^urandroides, F.

189

Alyssum

71

MueJJ

851

202

hnifohum, Steph.

71

squamuligera, Benth.

352

200

Amoora

383

trymahoides, F. MueJJ

351

uitidala, Benth. . .

383

Asterotrichon

241

Anemouc

8

sidoides, KL . . .

188

crassifolia, Iluok.

8

Atalautia

370

166

Antomarchia

glauca, Ilook.f. . .

370

166

ruhra, Colla . . .

355

recurva, lienth.

370

328

Apophyllum . . . .

97

Atahiya ...

462

41)4

INDEX OF GENPRA ANU sPECIES.

Page
hemisilauca, F. 3luelL 463
nmltitlora, Benth. . 463
salic-ifolia, Blnine . 463
variilblia, F. Muell. . 463
Aijlineria

violacea, Mart. . . 1 66
rosea, Mart. . . . 166

Barbarca 66

audralis, Hook. f. . 66
vulgaris, R. Br. . . 66

Bastardia

crispa, St. Hil. . . 206

Bergia 17'J

aininanuioides, Roth. 180
pedicellaris, ii'. 3/«^//. 180
perennis, F. iliiell, . 181
pusilla, Benth. . .180
trimera, Liuk . • . 180
tripetala, Y. Muell. . 180

Berrya 268

Ammouilla, Roxb. . 268

Biilardiera . . . .122
anrjustifoUa, DC. . 124
brachijantha,Y .Wn(^. 124
canariensis, Wendl. . 124
coriacea, Benth. . . 124
cymosa, F. Muell. . 124
fusiformis, Labili. . 126
grandijlora, Putterl. 123
lulifoiia, rutterl. . 123
Lehmanuiaua, Muell. 125
lougitlora, Lahill. . 123
macrantha, Hook. f. 123
mulahilis, Salisb. . 124
ovalis, Liudl. . . .123
iparviflora, UC. . .119
pseudoci/mosa, Klatt 124
rosmarinifolia, UC. . 123
scandens, Sm. . . 123
sericophora, F. Muell. 124
variifolia, DC. . .125
versicolor, F. Muell. 124

Blackburnia

pinnata, Forst. . . 363

Bleunodia .... 73
alpcstris, F. Muell. . 77
brevipcs, F. Muell. . 75
canesceus, R. Br. . 76
cardaminoides, MnelL 75
Cuuuinghamii, Benth. 76
curvipes, F. Muell. . 75
cremigcra, Benth. . 74
filifolia, Benlh. . . 73
lasiocarpa, F. Muell. 76
iiasturtioides, Benth. 74
trisccta, Benth. . . 74

Blepharanthemum, Kl.
Bombax

heytaphyllum, Cav. ,

malabaricum, DC.
Borouia

aliinis, R. Br. . .

ahita, Sm. ...

albifiora, R. Br. .

algida, /' Muell. .

alulata, Soland. .

anemonifolia,^. Cunn.

ancmonifolia, Paxt. .

anethifolia, A. Cunn.

arborescens, F. MueU.

artemisitcfolia, Muell.

hicolor, Turcz. . .

bipinnata, Liudl.

brachi/phi/lla, Muell.

calophylla, Turcz.

capitata, Benth. . .

chironiifolia, Bartl. .

cilriodora, Gunu.

clavellifolia, F. Muell.

cserulescens, F. Muell.

colorata, Lehm. .

crassifolia, Bartl.

crassipcs, Bartl .

creuulata, Sm. . .

cymosa, Endl.

denticulata, Sm. . .

dentigera, F. iSluell.

dichotoma, Lindl.

Drummondii, Plauch.

Edwardsii, Benth. .

elatior, Bartl. . .

eriantha, Lindl. .

ericifolia, Benth. .

falcifolia, A. Cunn. .

fasciculifolia, Mucll.

fastigiata, Bartl. .

filicifolia, A. Cunn.

filifolia, F. Muell.

flexuosa, Bartl. .

floribunda, Sich. .

Fraseri, Hook.

gracilipes, F. Mnell.

grandisepala, Muell.

granulata, F. JMuell.

Gunnii, Hook.

hetcrophylla, MuelL

hirsuta, F. Muell.

kumilis, Turcz. .

hijssopifoli.a, Sicb.

inconspicua, Benth. .

iuoruata, Tnrrz.

juncea, Bartl.

lcevigata, Muell. 304,

Page

Page

189

lanceolata, F MiielL .

314

223

laniflora, Bartl. . .

327

223

lauuginosa, Endl.

317

223

ledifolia, /. Gaij . .

314

307

ledophijlla, F. Muell.

314

311

leptoplujlla, Turcz. .

325

312

macra, Hartl. . . .

327

317

megastigma, Nees .

315

312

microphylla, Sieb. .

318

313

minutiflora, F. Muell

305

.321

moliis, A. Cunn. . .

315

315

inullicauHs, Tuitz. .

317

322

nana, Hook. .

321

307

nematophylla, Muell.

323

311

ovata, Lindl. .

326

316

oxyantha, Tnrcz. .

325

322

paleifolia, Endl. . .

322

325

parado.ta, DC. . .

314

312

parviflora, Sm. . .

324

323

penicillata, Benth. .

322

327

pilonema, Labill.

324

319

pilosa, LabilL . .

319

.325

pinnata, Sm. . . .

318

.320

polygalifolia, Srn.

320

325

psoraleoides, DC.

316

316

imbescens, liartl.

318

322

pulehella, Turcz. . .

318

323

ramosa, Benth. . .

320

328

rhoniboidea, Hook. .

324

327

rosm arin ifolia, A .

321

Cunn

314

327

rubiginosa, A. Cuun.

314

318

scabra, Lindl. . .

326

312

semifertilis, ¥. Muell

316

316

serriilata, Sin. .

323

313

sjjathulata, Lindl.

327

313

spincsccus, Benth. .

319

322

stricla, Bartl. . .

317

326

subc(trnlea, F. Mucll

320

326

subscssilis, Benth. .

322

311

tenuifolia, Bartl.

325

325

teuuis, Benth. . .

320

327

teretifolia, Liudl.

328

319

tcrnata, Endl. . .

312

315

tetrandra, Labill.

316

318

tetrandra, Hook.

319

311

tetrandra, Lindl. &

307

Paxt

318

319

tetrathecoides, DC. .

321

315

thymifolia, Turcz.

326

305

tri/ihjlla, Sicb. .

314

317

tristis, Turcz. . . ,

315

321

variahilis, Ilook.

321

313

veronicea, F. Muell. .

306

325

viminea, Lindl. . .

324

327

Bosistoa . . . . .

359

,305

sapiudiformis, Mueli.

359

IXDEX Or GENEKA AND SPECIES.

495

BrarJiychiton

acenfoVmm, F. Muell.

Bidwilli, Hook. .

Belabechii, F. jMuell.

discolor, F. MucU. .

diversifolium, R. Br.

Gregorii, F. Muell. .

incanum, R. Br. .

luridinn, F. Muell. .

parado.rum, Schott .

'platanoides, R. Br. .

populneitm, R. Br. .

ramiftorum, R. Br. .
Brasenia

peltata, Pursh , .
Bra- s 'ca

geniculata ? . . .
Brathys

Billardieri, Spach .

Forsteri, Spach .

humifusa, Spach .
Briicea

suniatrana, Roxb.
Buchanania ....

augustifolia, Ro.rb. .
Buettneria

dasyphylla, J. Gay .

hermanniafolia, J.
Gay

pannosa, DC. . . .
Bursaria

diosmoides, Putterl. .

incana, Liudl.

procmnbens, Putterl.

spinosa, Cav. .

Stiiartiana, Klatt
Busbeckia

arborea, F. Muell. .

corymbiftora, Muell.

MUchelli, F. Muell.

nobilis, Endl. .
Byronia

Aruhemensis, Muell.

Cadaba

capparoides, BC. .
Cadullia

monostylis, Benth. .

peutastylis, F. Muell.
Calandrinia ....

balonensis, Lindl.

calyptrata, Uook.f. .

caulescens, //. B. ^"
K.

corrigioloides, Muell.

composita, Nees .

gracdis, Benth. .

Page

Page

granulifera, Benth. .

176

229

Lehmanni, Endl.

172

228

linillora, Feml . .

173

230

polyandra, Benth.

172

228

polypetala, Fenzl

174

230

pusilla, Lind. . . .

174

230

pygnisea, F. Muell. .

176

228

quadrivalvis, F. Muell

173

228

spergularina, Muell.

176

227

uuiflora, F. Muell. .

172

229

volubilis, Benth. . .

174

229

Calopetalum

227

rinyens, Drumm.

120

60

Calophylh;m . . . .

183

60

inophyllum, Linn. .

183

Caltha

15

65

introloba, F. Muell.
Nova-ZelandicB,

15

182

Hook. f. . . .

15

182

Campylanthera

182

ericoides, Lindl. . .

117

873

Fraseri, Hcok. . .

126

373

Canarium

377

489

australasicum, Muell.

377

490

Candollea

41

asdmilis, Steud. . .

46

238

calycina, Steud. . .

42

cuneiformis, Labill. .

42

240

Cunninghami, Benth.

39

238

cygnorurn, Steud.

46

114

desmophylla, Benth.

43

117

exasperata, Steud. .

46

11.5

fasciculata, R. Br. .

44

117

glaberrima, Stend. .

45

115

glomcrosa, Benth. .

43

117

helianthemoides, Turc

z. 43

Huegelii, Endl. . .

44

96

kochioides, Turcz. .

44

96

latifolia, Steud. . .

42

97

pachyrrhiza, Benth. .

44

96

parvifora, Steud.

46

396

pedunculata, R. Br. .

45

397

Preissiana, Steud.

45

racemosa, Eudl. . .

46

92

rupestris, Steud. . .

45

92

striafa, Stcud. . .

44

374

subvayinata, Steud. .

45

375

teretifolia, Turcz.

43

374

tetrandra, Lindl. . .

42

171

tridentata, Turcz. .

46

172

uncinata, Benih. . ,

46

174

vagiuata, Benth. . .

45

Cansjera . . . . . .

393

175

leptostachya, Benth.

394

175

Capparis

93

175

canesceus, Banks .

96

173

lasiantha, R. Br. . .

94

Paxo
loranthifolia, Lindl. . 97
lucida, R. Br. ... 96
Mitchelli, Lindl. . . 96
nobiiis, F. Muell. . 95
numraularia, ])C. . 94
ornans, F. Muell. . 95
quiuillora, £)C. . . 94
sarmentosa, A. Cunn. 95
umbellata, R. Br. . 93
umbonata, LindL . 97

Capsella 81

atitipoda, F. Muell. . 82
australis, ILook.f. . 81
hlennodina, F. Muell. 77
Bursa-pastoris^(£\i(}a. 82
elUpiica, C. A. Mey. 81
pilosula, F. Mnell. . 82
procumbens, Fries . 81

Carapa 386

moluccensis, Lam. . 387

Cardamine .... 67
debilis, Banks . . 70
dictyosperma, Hook. 68
divaricata, Hook. f. . 68
eustjdis, F. Muell. . 71
heterophylla, Hook. . 70
hirsuta, Linn. ... 70
intenthedia, Hook. . 70
laciuiata, F. Muell. . 69
lilacina, Hook. . . 69
nivea, Hook. ... 68
parviflora, Liun. . . 70
paucijuga, Turcz. . 70
pratensis, Hook. f. . 70
radicata, Hook.f. . 69
stylosa, BC. . . . 68
tenuifolia, Hook. . . 69

Cardiospcrmum . . . 453
Halicacabuui, Linn. . 453
microcarpjum, H. B.
& K 453

Catha

Cunninyhamii, Hook. 400

Ceanothus

discolor, Vent. . .418
globulosus, Labill. . 429
laniger, Andr. . . 417
spathulatus, Labill. . 4:-4
f / 'en dlan dia nus,
RcEm. & Sch. . .417

Cedrela 387

australis, F. ]\Iuell. . 387
Toona, Ro.rb. . . . 387

Celastrus 398

australis, Harv. Sf

Muell 398

bih)cularis, F. Muell. 399

49 G

INDEX OF GENEEA ANI) SPECIES.

Page
Ciinniughainii, 'MueU. 399
dispiTinus, F. Muell. 399
montanus, Koxb. . . 400
Wuelleri, Benth. . . 399
scneciatensis, Lam. . 400

CerastiMrn . . . . 150
xlscosiun, Linn. . . 156
vuljjatum, Lhm. . . 150

Chariessa, Miq. . . . 395

Cheiranthera . . . .127
hrevifotia, Y. ^MuelL. 128
cyanea, Bron2;n. . . 127
filifolia, Turc^z. . .127
liuearis, A. Cunn. . 127
parviHora, Benlh. . 127
Preissiana, Putterl. . 128
torlitis, F. MuelL . 128
volubilis, Benth. . .128

Chorilffina 856

an(justifotia,Y.M\K\\. 341
hirsuta, Benth. . . 357
cjuercifolia, Endl. . .357

Cissns
acetosa, F. Muell. . 450
adnata, Roxb. . . 448
antarctica, Veut. . . 447
anstralasica, MuelL . 450
carnosa, Lam. . . 449
cinerea, Lam. . . 449
cordata, Roxb. . . 448
crenata, Vahl . . 449
(/euiculata, Blume . 448
glandutosa, Poir. . . 447
hijpogtauca, A. Gray 450
opaca, F. MueU. . . 450

Citriobatus . . . .121
inultillorus, ^. Cunn. 121
paueiflorus, .<d . Cmwk.. 122

Cilrus 371

anstralis, Plancli. . 371
australasica, F. MuelL 371

Chiusena 309

brevistyla, Otiv. . . 369

Claytouia' 177

anstralasica, Sook.f. 177
ecfi/plrata, F. iMuell. 175

Cleniatis 5

aiislata, R. Br. . . 6
blanda, Hook. . . 6
cliturioides, UC. . 6
cocculifolia, A.Cunu. 7
cognata, Steud. . . 0
coriacea, DC. ... 6
discolor, Stend. . . 0
ellipticit, Endl. . . 0
fcenlianoides, DC. . 0
Gitbertiana, Turcz. . 6

glycinoides, I)C. .

indivisa, Steud. .

linearifulia, Steud.

microphylla, LC.

Fickeringii, A. Gray

pubescens, Ilueg.

stenoiihglla, Fras.

stenosepala, DC. .
Cleome ....

fava, Banks . .

oxalidca, F. Muell.

tetrandra, Banks .
Clypea

hernandifolia,^^ .kkn
Coatesia

j)aniculata, F. IMuell.
Coccutus

Moorei, F. MuelL
Cochlospermum .

Fraseri, Planch. .

Grejiorii, F. Muelt. .

GiUivrjei, Benth. .

heteronurum, Muell.
Colletia

Cunninghamii, Fenzl

pubescens, Brongn.
Colobanthus .

aj/lnis, Hook. i. .

Benthamianus, Fenzl

Billardieri, Fenzl

jjutvinalus, F. MueU.

subulatus, Ilook.f. .
Colubrina

asiatica, Brongn. .

excelsa, Fenzl . .

viliensis, Seem. .
Comesperma ....

acerosum, Steetz .

aciitifolium, Steetz .

amulum, Steud. .

aphyllum, R. Br.

calymega, Labill.

clliatum, Sieetz .

confertum, Labill. ,

contractum, Steud. .

coridifolium, A. Cun.

corniculatum, Steud.

delbliiituin, F. Muell.

Drunimondi, Steetz .

ericiiHun, DC. . .

flavum, DC. . . .

gracile, Paxt. .

herbaceum, Steud.

hirtulum, Steud. .

integerrimum, Endl. .

isoculy.r, Spreng.

lanceoiatum, R. Br. .

Page

Paee

7

latifolium, Steetz

140

fi

laxiuscutum, Steud. .

M9

7,8

linaric/folium,X.Q\m.

140

7

longebracteatum, Std.

149

7

longifolium, Stcud. .

147

0

megtiptergga, Steud.

149

7

nudiuseuium, 1)C.

148

7

nudiusculum, Steetz

148

89

parvijlorum, Steud. .

148

90

patentifolium, Muell.

147

90

paucifolium, Tuixz. .

144

90

polygaloides, Muell. .

149

raniosissimum,ii{c\.i(i.

149

n.57

retusnm, Labill. . .

145

roseum, Steud. . .

149

364

scundens, Steud. .

145

scoparium, Steetz

143

50

seeuudum, Banks

145

105

selaginoides, Turcz. .

149

100

simplejc, Endi.

149

100

spathutatuni, Turcz.

ILS

106

sph8Erocar])um, Steetz

143

106

spinosum, F. Muell. .

144

strictum, Endl. . .

148

445

sylvestre, Lindt. . .

140

445

tenue, Stend. . . .

148

100

tortnosum, Stectz

144

101

larians, Stcud.

148

160

virgatum, Labill. . .

149

101

volubile, Labill. . .

144

100

xant hocarpiim,?>ie\idL.

147

100

Commersonia

241

413

cinerea, Steud. . .

239

413

crispa, Turcz. . . .

243

414

cggnoium, Steud.

239

413

dasgpliylla, Andr.

238

141

eehinata, Forst. .

243

140

Fraseri, /. Gay . .

242

140

Gaudieliaudi, ./. Gay .

243

149

Leiehhanltii, Benth. .

242

143

mieropliylla, Benth. .

244

147

platyphylla, Andr.

243

144

Preissii, Steud. . .

239

147

pulchclla, Turcz. . .

244

149

Cookia

140

australis, F. Muell. .

365

149

Corehorus

275

148

acutangulus, Lam. .

277

145

brachycarpus, Guill.

140

& Perr

277

147

Cunninghamii, Muell.

270

144

echinatus, Benth.

276

148

faseicularis, Lam.

277

147

hygropiiilus, A . Cunn.

276

145

lcptocarpus, A. Cunti.

278

148

olitorius, Linn. , .

276

148

pumilio, M. Br. . .

277

INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES.

497

sidoidcs, F. Muell. .

tomeutelliis, F.iluell.

tridens, Linn. .

vermieulai'is, Muell. .

Walcottii, F. Miiell.
Corethrostijlis

bracteata, Eudl. . .

cordifolia, Steetz

coriacea, Steud. .

me^nbranacea, Steud.

viicrophi/lla, Turcz. .

oppositifolia, Muell. .

parvijhra, Turcz.

Schulzeni, F. ^Muell.
Correa

semala, F. Muell.

alba, Andr.

Backhousiana, Hook.

bicolor, Paxt. . .

cardinalis, F. Muell.

cordifoVta, Liudl.

cotinifolia, Salisb. .

decumbens, F. Muell.

ferruginea, Bsckh. .

gJabra, Lindl. . . .

Harrisii, Paxt.

Latrobeana, Muell. .

Lawrenciana, Hook. .

leucoclada, Liudl.

longijlora, Paxt. .

pulchella, Mackay

pulchella, Sw. . .

rejlexa, Labill. . .

rotundifolia, Lindl. .

rubra, Sm. . . .

rufa, Vent. . .

Schlechtendalii, Behr

speciosa, Ait. . .

virens, Sm.

viridijlora, Andi".
Crowea ....

angustifolia, Turcz.

dentata, R. Br. .

exalata, F. Muell.

latifolia, Lodd. .

saligna, Andr.

scabra, Grah. .
Cryptandi-a .

alpina, Hook.f. .

amara, Sm.

anomala, Steud. .

arbutiflora, Fenzl

austra /w, Roera . &Sch.

Behriana, Reiss. .

buxifolia, Fenzl . .

cainfanulata, Muell.

caMpa«2</«^a,Schlech.

VOL. I.

Page

Pafje

Page

278

capitata, Sieb.

. 438

Bidwilli, Benth. .

460

278

cordata, Turcz. .

. 430

Cun n ingh am ii, H ook

454

276

coronata, Reiss. .

. 436

lucens, F. Muell. .

471

277

divaricata, Reiss.

441

nervosa, F. Mnell.

459

278

ericifolia, Sm. .

. 438

pseudorhus, A. llich.

459

eriocephala, Hook. f

434

punctulata, F. Muell

458

266

erubescens, F. Muell

441

salicifolia, Dciie.

463

26.5

floribunda, Steud.

424

semiglauca, F. Muell

457

266

glabrata, Steud. .

444

serrata, F. Muell.

458

266

glabriflora, Benth.

441

stipata, Y. ^luell. .

461

265

glaucophglla, Steud.

424

tenax, A. Cuun. . .

462

265

Gunnii, Hook. f.

430

tomcntella, F. Muell.

458

265

hispidula, Reiss. . .

439

xylocarpa, A. Cunn.

459

265

holostyla, Steud. .

448

Cyanothamnus

353

lanosiflora, F. Muell

440

anethifolius, Bartl. .

320

353

largijiora, F. Muell

440

ramosus, Lindl. . .

320

354

lasiophglla, Steud.

444

tenuis, Liudl. .

320

355

Lawrencii, Hook. f

430

tridactylites, Bartl. .

321

355

leucophracta, Schlech

.436

Cyminosma

355

leucopogon, Meisn.

442

oblongifoliu?n, A.Cnu

367

355

longistamiuea, Muell

443

Cytherea, W. & Arn. .

491

354

magnifora, F. Muell

442

356

microcephala, Tiu-cz

434

Delabechea

355

miliaris, Reiss. .

444

rupestris, Lindl. . .

230

355

mollis, Hook. f. . ,

428

Deahamia

401

355

mutila, Nees . . .

443

heterophylla, ^MueU.

401

355

nervata, Reiss.

440

obscura, Mei&n. . .

401

355

nudiflora, F. Muell. .

444

oleaster, F. Muell. .

401

355

nutans, Steud. , .

441

pittos])croides, Muell.

402

355

obcordata, Hook. f. .

427

xanthosperma,M uell.

401

355

obovata, Hook. f.

429

Bianthus

355

parvifolia, Hook. f. .

428

Armeria, Linn. . .

156

355

parvifolia, Turcz. . .

442

barbatus, Liun. . .

156

354

jjaucijlora, Turcz.

432

Dicarpidium . . . .

233

355

jjimeleoides, Hook. f.

436

monoicum, F. Muell.

235

354

pomaderroides, Reiss.

435

Bichoglotlis

355

projiinqua, J. Cunn.

442

austrulis, Schlecht. .

155

354

proidnqua, Schlecht.

441

/z<^?</o««r,Jaub.&Spacl

155

355

puugens, Steud. . .

443

Bidymeria

355

pyramidalis, R. Br. .

439

cemula, Lindl. . .

353

328

scoparia, Reiss. . .

439

Billenia

330

Sieberi, Feuzl

440

procumhens, Labill. .

33

330

spinescens, Sieb. . .

439

scandens, WiUd. .

37

329

spinosa, G. Don . .

438

speciosa, Bot. Mag. .

37

329

S])yridioides, Muell. .

439

vohcbilis, Vent. . .

37

329

snavis, Lindl. . . .

444

Diploglottis . . . .

453

332

tenuiramea, Steud. .

444

Cuuninghamii,^oo/-^

454

437

tomentosa, Lindl.

441

Diplolacua

857

441

tomentosa, Reiss.

441

angustifolia, Hook. .

358

440

tridentata, Steud.427,435 |

Dampieri, Besf. . .

358

424

tubulosa, Fenzl .

444

grauditlora, Besf.

358

444

idicina, Hook. . .

434

microcephala, Bartl.

358

438

ve.rillifera, Hook. .

433

salicifolia, Bartl.

359

441

villosa, Turcz. . .

432

Di])loi)cUis . . . .

455

442

Cupania

457

Huegelii, Endl. . .

456

441

auacardioides, Rich.

458

Lehmanni, Miq. .

456

440

anodonta, F. MueU.

461

pctiolaris, F. Muell.
2 K

456

498

INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES.

Page
Preissii, Miq. . . 456
Stnartii, F. iluelt. . 45 G

Diploia.ris

virr/aia, DC. . . .65

Discaria 445

australis, Hook. . . 445

Distichostemou . . . 487
phyllopterus, Muell. 4S7

DitomostropJie

an ffusiifotia, 'Ymxcz. . 258

Dodonsea 47~

acerosa, Lindl. . .479
adeuopliora, Miq. . 486
adenophora, Muell. 487
angustifotia, Sw. . 476
aptera, Miq. . . . 481
asjilenifotia, Rudge . 477
attenuata, A. Cunn. . 477
Baueri, Dndt. . . .482
boronisefolia, G. Don 485
Burmanniana, DC. . 476
bursarifolia, Behr Sf

F.3Iuetl. . . .482
Caleyana, G. Dou . 485
catyclna, A. Cunn. . 480
ceratocarpa, £'»^/. . 481
concinna, Benth. . 487
covferia, G. Don . 476
cuneata, Riulye . . 477
dejtcra, ¥. Muell. . 482
deniicutaia^F.^MneW. 479
divaricata, Benih. . 481
ericifolia, G. Don . 478
ericoidcs, Miq. . . 483
filifolia, Iloolc. . . 478
f't/fort//is, Link . . 478
fuliotosn, F. MueU. . 486
hetei-ophytta, CoUa . 474
hexandra, F. Muetl. . 483
hirietla, Miq. . . . 485
hispiduta, Endl. . . 487
humifusa, Miq. . . 482
humilis, Endt. . . 485
inaequifolia, Turcz. . 486
Kinyii, G. Doii . . 476
lanceohita, F. Muell. 475
larrEDoides, Turcz. . 486
laurina, Sieb. . . 475
lepiozyga, F. MucU. 486
Lindteyana^Y.^MvLtW. 481
lobulata, F. Muell. , 479
tongipes, G. Don . 475
megazyga, F. Muelt. 485
niottis, Lindl. . . .481
multijuga, G. Don . 485
muliijuga, F. MueU. 486
neriijolia, A. Cunn. 476

Page
ohtongifolia , Link . 477
oxyptera, F. Muetl. . 484
pa/ittinicefotia, A. Cn. 484
peduucidaris, Lindl. . 478
peliolaris, F. Muett. 475
physocarpa, F. Muetl. 484
piuifoHa, Miq. . . 480
piunata, Sm. . . . 484
platyptera, F. Muetl. 480
polyzyga, F. M/ietl. . 483
Preissiana, Miq. . . 477
procumbens,i^.3f«e//. 478
ptarmicifolia, Ttircz. . 479
pterncautis, Miq. . 481
puiescens, Lindl. . 478
salicifotia, DC. . . 476
satsolifolia, A. Cunn. 478
scahra, Lodd. . . . 476
sororia, Miq. . . . 482
spail/ulata, Sm. . . 476
stenophyUa,/'.7J///e//. 480
stenozyga, F. Muetl. 486
temi/fotia, Lindi. . 486
triangularis, Lindl. . 481
trigona, Lindl. . .481
triquetra, Andr. . . 474
truucatiales,/'. Muett. 479
nmhettata, G. Don . 476
vestita, Hook. . . 484
viscosa, Linn.. . . 475

Draba 72

muraHs, Linn. . . 72
nemoratis, Ehrh. . 72
pumilio, R. Br. . . 82

Drimys 49

aromatica, F. Muetl. 49
dipetala, F. Muett. . 49

Drummondita . . . 349
cricoides, Harv. . . 849

Drymaria 162

iiliformis, Benth. , ] 62

DysoxyloQ . . . .380
Fraseranum, 5^«^/i. . 381
latifolium, Betiih. . 381
Lessertianum, Benih. 382
MueUeri, Benih. . . 381
rufum, Benth. . . 382

Echinocarpus . . , 279
australis, Benih. . . 279

Eiseocarpus .... 280
cyaneus, Ait. . . .281
grandis, F. Muell. . 281
holopetalus, F. Muell. 281
obovatus, G. Don . 281
parviflorus, A. Rich. 281
'paucifl.orus, Walp. . 281

Page
peduncularis, Labill. 280
reiiculaius, Sm. . . 281

ElEeodendron .... 402
australe, Vent. . . 402
inieg^yfiAium, G.Don 403
maculosum, Lindl. . 389
melanocarpum, Muelt. 403

Elatine 178

americana, Arn. . , 178
ammannioides, Wight 180
gratiotoides, A. Cunn. 179
?«i;2?7;/«,Fisch.&Mey. 179
pedicetlaris^Y.^Mvicll. 181
peren7iis,Y.M.\\t\\. . 181
iripeiata, F. MueU. . 180
ve/-iicillaris,'F. MueU. 180

Erabliugia .... 91
calceolitlora, F. Muell. 92

Emmenos[)ermum . . 414
alphitouioiJes, Muelt. 415
Cuuuiughamii, i?f«//i. 415

Empleurosma

virgaium, Bartl. . . 480

Erioglossuni .... 454
edule, Blume . . . 454

Eriostemon .... 330
alpinus, F. MueU. . 343
amhtycarpus, Muell. 345
anceps, S[)reng. . . 345
A/istratas/cB, auct. , 332
Banksii, A. Cunn. . 332
bitohus, F. MueU. . 345
brev/fotius, A. Cunn. 335
buxitblius, Sm. . . 333
calycinus, Turcz. . 336
capitatus, F. MucU. . 346
correifolius,¥. Muell. 350
Crowei, y. MueU. . 329
cuspidaius, A. Cunu. 333
deniaius, CoUa . . 331
ditformis, A. Cunn. . 335
Drutnmondii, Muell. 352
ehracieaius, Eudl. . 336
eflus/is, Turcz. . .336
etaiior, F. MueU. . 340
ericifolius, A. Cunn. 335
Geteznowii,F. INIueil. 347
grandiflorus, F. IMueU. 353
hatmat urorum ,^\wc\\. 335
mtdehrandii, MucU. 340
hispidulus, Sieb. . . 333
Hookerii, F. Muell. . 352
iniermedi/is, Hook. . 333
lamprophyllus, Muell. 340
lanceotatus, Gsertn. . 332
lanc/foHus, F. MueU. 333
lepidotus, Spreng. . 343

INDEX Or GENERA AND SPECIES.

499

lineavifoTuis, DC. .
linearis, A. Cunn. .

niyoporoides, DC.

neriifoUus, Sieb. .

nodiliorus, Lindl.

ohcordatiis, A. Cunn.

obovatus, A. Citnn. .
Otdjieldi, F. Muell. .

ovatifolius, F. Mucll.

ozothamnoides, Muell.

parado.rum, Sni. .

parvifolius, R. Br. .

jiliijticifotins, Muell.

phi/ticoides, F. Muell.

pleurandroides, iSIuell

pungens, Liudl. .

racemosus, Endl.

Ratstoni, F. Muell.

rhomljeus, Lindl.

rotu ndifotius, A . Cunn.

salicifolius, Sm. .

satsotifotius, Sm.

Sandfordii^Y.^^lxi^. .

scaber, Paxt. . . .

sediflorus, F. Muell.

serrutatus, F. Jluell.

Smithianus, Hill.

spicatus, A. Rich.

sqttameus, Labill.

tracliyphj^Uus, Muetf.

trymatioides, Muell.

tubercutosus, F. Muell.

Turczaninowii, Muell.

umbetlatus, Turcz. .

verrucosus, A. Ricb.

virgatus, A. Cunn. .
Erodium

cicutarium, V Hcr. .

cygiiorum, A^ees .

moschatum, W Itd. .
Erpetion

hederaceum, G. Don

petiotare, G. Don

reniforme, Svveet

spathutatum, G. Don
Erysimum

btennodioides, IMuell.

brevipes, F. Mnell. .

curcipes, F. MucU. .

fitifotium, F. Mucll.

nasturtium,Y. Muell.
Erythroxylou . . .

australe, J^. Muett. .

ellipticum, R. Br.
Eunomia

corhtearina, F. Muell.
Euphoria

Page

Page

Page

365

Leichhavdtii, Benth.

468

MueUeri, Benth. .

. 364

334

Eupomatia . . .

. 53

parviflora, Lindl.

. 364

333

Beunettii, F. Muett

54

pendida, Lindl. .

. 365

333

lauriua, R. Br. .

54

salicifolia, Schott

. 364

336

laurina, Hoolc. .

54

Geleznowia . . .

347

334

Euroschinus . . .

490

calycina, Benth. .

348

334

falcatus, Hook.f.

490

macrocarpa, Benth.

347

341

Ecia, Comm. . .

491

verrncosa, Turcz.

347

345

Evodia

361

Geococcus . . .

79

342

Cunninghamii, Muell. 362

pusillus, /. Drumm

80

314

eri/fhrococca, Muell.

360

Geranium ....

295

335

micrococca, F. Muetf. 361

australe, Nees

296

339

neurococca, F. ]Muell

360

brevicaute, Hook. f

297

341

octandra, F. Muell. .

361

carofinianum, Linn

296

351

pentacocca, F. Muell.

359

dissectum, Linn. . .

296

338

moUe, Linn. . . .

296

336

Fteischeria

parviflorum, WiUd. .

296

339

pubens, Steud.

195

phitonothum, DC. .

296

335

Flindersia

3S8

pifosum, Forst. . .

296

341

australis, R. Br. . .

388

potentitfoides, L'Her

.296

331

australis, F. Muell. .

389

sessiliflorum, Cav. .

297

348

Bennettiana, Muetf.

389

Glycosmis . . . .

367

348

maculosa, F. Mueff.

389

citrifolia, Lindl. . .

368

334

Oxleyana, F. Mueff.

389

crenufata, Turcz.

369

342

Schottiana, F. Muefl

388

pentaphylla, Corr. .

367

340

Strzeteckiana, Muell.

389

Gossypium . . . .

222

335

Frankenia ....

150

austrate, F. Muell. .

220

336

bracteata, Turcz. .

150

Sturtii, F. Muelt. .

222

344

ci/mbifotia, Hook.

150

Greevesia

207

332

Drummondii, Benth.

152

cfeisocali/.r, F. Muell.

207

352

fruticulosa, DC.

152

Grewia

269

343

glomerata, Ticrcz.

151

breviflora, Benth.

270

330

lcevis, F. Muell. . .

151

lafifolia, F. Miieff. .

271

339

parviila, Turcz. . .

152

multiflora, Juss. . .

270

334

pauciflora, I>C. . .

151

orbifolia, F. Miteff. .

272

332

^yufverufenta^var.^DC 152 |

orientalis, Linn. . .

270

297

punctata, Turcz. .

153

polygama, Roxb. . .

271

298

scahra, Lindl.

151

prunifotia, A. Gray

270

237

serpi/ttifofia, Lindl. .

152

Richardiana, Hook.

271

297

tetrapetala, Labilf. .

152

scabrella, Benth. . .

272

Friesia

sepiaria, Roxb. . .

270

100

■ peduncufaris, DC. .

280

xanthopetala, Mueff.

271

100

Fugosia

219

Guichenotia . . . .

257

100

australis, Benth. . .

220

ledifolia, /. Gay . .

258

100

cuneiformis, Bentfi. .

219

macrantha, Turcz. .

258

hakesefolia, Benth. .

220

micrantha, Betith. .

259

76

latifolia, Benth. .

221

sarotes, Benth. . .

258

76

populifolia, Benth. .

221

semihastata, Benth. .

258

75

punctata, Benth.

220

Gymnosporia . . . .

400

74

thespesioides, Benth.

220

moutana, W. ^- Arn.

400

74

Fumaria

Gynandropsis . . .

91

283
284

qfficinatis, Linn. . .

63

Muelleri, Benth. . .
Gypsophila . . . .

91
154

284

Garuga

floribunda, Dcne.

377
377

tubulosa, Boiss. . .

155

88

Geijera

363

Ilatotfiamnns

468

latifotia, LintU. . .

364

microphyftus, MueU.

191

500

INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES.

Page

Hannafordia .... 247

qim Jrivalvis, F. Muell. 248

Ilarpullia 470

alata, F. MueU. . . 470
Hillii, F. MtieU. . 470
Leicliliardtii, Mnell. 470
pendula, Planch. . 471
Harrisonia .... 376
Browuei, A. Juss. . 376
Sarlifflisea

Fraserana, A. Juss. . 381
Lessertiana, A. Juss. 382
rufa, A. Rich. . . 382

Hclicteres 231

cana, Benth. . . .232
dentata, F. Muell. . 232
Isora, Linn. . . . 232
Heliophila

jmmila, Linn. f. . . 65
Hemistemma .... 469
angKstifolium, R. Br. 21
asiwrifoUum^Y.lslxxtV^. 23
Banksii, R. Br. . . 21
candicans, Hook. f. . 21
dealbatum, Br. . . 21
ledifoUtm, A. Cunu. 22
Leschenaultii, DC. . 18
revolutum, Turcz. . 24
Hemistcphus

Unearis, Drumra. . 22

Heritiera littoralis, Ait. 231

Heterodeudron . . . 469

diversifolium, Muell. 469

oleajlblium, Lesf. . 469

Hibbertia 17

acerosa, Benth. . . 24
acicularis, F. Muell. 29
amplexicaulis, Steud. 38
angustitblia, Benth. . 21
anyHstifolia, Salisb. 33
arseutea, Steud. . . 35
aspera, DC. . . . 28
aspera, Steud. . . 23
astrophi/lla, Stcud. . 23
aurca, Btend. ... 25
Banl<sii, Benth. . . 20
ha^itricha, Stcud. . 44
Billardieri, F. MueU. 28
bracleata, Benth. . 25
bractcosa, Turcz. . 38
Brownci, Benth. . . 21
luplcnrifolia, Lehm. 39
camphorosma, A. Gi'ay 33
candicans, Benth. . 21
canescens, Sieb. . . 36
cinrrascens, Stcud. . 23
cistifolia, R. Br. . . 30

Page
commutata, Steud. . 35
confertifolia, Steud. 35
corifolia, Bot. Mag. 32
crassifolia, Benth. . 25
crenata, Andr. . . 37
Cuuuiughauiii, Hook. 39
dealbata, Benth. . . 21
densijlora, Y. Muell. 26
dentata, 2t. Br. . . 38
dcpressa, Steud. . . 44
ditfusa, R. Br. . . 36
dUatata, A. Cunu. . 37
discolor, Steud. . . 35
disticha, Lehm. . . 39
echiifolia, R. Br. . . 31
ericifulia, Hook. f. . 32
fasciculata, R. Br. . 33
furfuracea, Benth. . 23
glaberrima, F. Muell. 39
fflandulosa, Sclilecht. 33
glomerata, Benth. . 34
gracilipes, Benth. . 28
grossularifcfolia, Salisb. 37
hastata, Steud. . . 39
hermanniajfolia, BC. 30
hirsuta, Benth. . . 26
humifusa, F. MueU. 27
hypericoides, Benth. 23
iuclusa, Benth. . . 34
lactuctefolia, Steud. . 39
lasiopus, Benth. . . 40
latifulia, Stcud. . . 37
ledifolia, Benth. . . 22
lepidophylla, F. ]MuelL 24
lepidota, R. Br. . .31
leptopus, Benth. . . 41
lincaris, R. Br. . . 36
lineata, Steud. . . 24
microphyUa, Sieb. . 27
microphylla, Sleud. 23
monogyna, R. Br. . 37
montaua, Stcud. . . 35
mucrouata, Benth. , 29
Muelleri, Benth. . 21
Myluei, Benth. . . 39
nitida, Bcnth. . . 25
nutans, Benth. . . 40
obcuneata, Salisb. . 42
oblougata, R. Br. . 30
obtusifolia, l)C. . , 36
ochrolasia, Benth. . 32
ovata, Stcud. ... 35
pachyrhizn, Stcud. . 44
pallida, Stcud. . . 25
pedunculata, R. Br. . 32
perfoliata, Endl. . . 38
pilosa, Steud. . . .35

Page
polystachya, Benth. . 22
pot*entilIa;tlora, Muell. 40
procumbens, BG. . 33
prostrata, Hook. . 33
pro.rima, Stcud. . . 23
pungens, Benth. . . 40
recurvifolia, Benth, . 24
rostellata, Turcz. . . 34
salicifolia, F. Muell. 47
saligua, R. Br. . . 37
scabra, R. Br. . . 31
sericea, Benlh. . . 26
serpyllifolia, R. Br. . 33
spicata, F. MueU. . 22
squamosa, Turcz. . 46
stelLnris, Endl. . . 41
stricta, R. Br. . . 27
sicbexcis.', Stcud. . 46
tenuiramea, Steud. . 41
tomentosa, R. Br. . 30
trachyphylla, Steud. 23
velutiua, R. Br. . . 30
verrucosa, Benth. . 22
vestita, A. Cunn. . 31
virgata, R. Br. . . 34
virgata, Hook. . . 33
volubilis, Andr. . . 37

Hibiscus 207

Beckleri, F. Muell. . 213
hrachychhenus, JNLiell. 21 1
brachysiphonius3/«^//.210
cannabinus, Linn. . 212
Coatesii, F. Muell. . 214
coronopifolius, Miq. 220
cuneiformis, DC. . 219
divaricatus, Grah. . 212
diversifolius, Jacq. . 213
Drumniondii, Tnrcz. 211
Elliottii, V. Muell. . 211
ficulneus, Linn. . . 209
yeraniifoUus, Turcz. 218
geranioides, ^. C««/z. 215
grandiflorus, Salisb. 213
grnssnlariirfuliuSj^M iq .21 8
hakeafoUns, Giord. . 220
hetcroplivllus, Vent. 212
Wxw^^iiXn, Endl. . .217
Krichauffiauus,J/a^//. 216
leptocladus, Benth. . 214
lilacinus, I>iudl. . . 220
Lindleyi, "Wall. . . 212
magnifcus, F. Muell. 212
Mauihot, Linn. . . 210
Margcriee, A. Cunn. 213
Meisneri, Miq. . .218
microchla-nus, 3i«i»//. 211
multifidas, Pa.\t. . 220

INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES.

501

Normani, F. Miiell.

216

panduritbrrnis, Burm.

215

Pafersoni, DC. . .

218

Patersonhis, Andr. .

218

pentapli}'lliis, Muell.

214

peniaplii/llus, Roxb.

210

Pinoniauus, Gcmd. .

211

Pinonianus, Miq.

217

prostratiis, Roxb.

209

punctatns, A. Cunn.

221

radiatus, Cav. . .

212

rhodopetalus, Muell.

209

Richardsoni, Sweet .

210

setulosus, F. Muell. .

214

solanifotius, F. Muell

.211

spleudeus, Fras. . .

213

strictus, Roxb. . .

209

Sturtii, Hook. . .

216

thespesioides, R. Br.

220

tiliaceus, Linn. . .

218

tridacti/lites, Lindl. .

210

trionioides, G. Doa .

210

triouum, Linn. . .

210

tubulosns, Cav. .

216

vitifolius, Linn. . .

215

Wrai/(P, Lindl.

217

zonalus, F. Muell. .

213

Hippocratea . . . .

404

barbata. F. Muell. .

404

macrantha, Korth.

404

obtusifolia, Roxb.

404

Hovvittia ....

198

trilocularis, F. Muell

198

Hutchinsia

australis, Hook. f.

82

procumbens, R. Br.

81

tasmanica, Hook. f.

88

Huttia

conspicua, Drumm.

47

Hi/dropeltis

purjmrea, Mich. .

61

Hymenanthera .

104

ancjustifolia, R. Br.

105

Banksii, F. Muell.

104

dentata, R. Br. .

. 104

Hymenosporum . .

. 114

flavum, F. Muell.

. 114

Hypericum . . .

. 181

gramineum, Forst.

. 182

invotutum, Chois.

. 182

japonicum, Thunb.

. 182

pedicellare, Eudl.

. 182

pusillmn, Chois. .

. 182

Hvptiandra . . .

. 374

BidwiUi, Hook.f.

. 374

Iberis

linearifolia, DC.

. 84

Page

louidium 101

aurautiacum, F. Muell. 1 02
Australasia, Bchr . 103
brevilabre, Benth. . 102
ealycinum, Steud. . 104
filifonne, F. Muell. . 103
floribundum, Walp. . 102
glaucum, Steud. . . 104
linarioidcs, Presl . 103
wowO/yfi^rt/rtWjR.&Sch.lO^
mutt/Jlorum, Turcz. . 103
suffruticosura, Gini/. 101
Vernonii, F. Muell. . 103
Itea spinosa, Andr. . .115
Ixiosporus

spinescens, F. Muell. 122

Keraudrenia .... 245
hcrmaunisefolia,,/. Gai/2-i7
246
246
246
247
246
245
247

Hillii, F. Muell. .

Hookeri, F. Muell.

Hookeriana, Walp.

integrifolia, Steud.

integrifoUa, Hook.

lanceolata, Benth.

microphijlla, Steetz

nephrosperma, Benth. 246

velutina, Steetz . . 247

LaguncBa

Patersonia, Bot. Mag.

squamea, Vent. .
Laguuaria ....

cuneiformis, G. Don.

lilacina, Walp. .

Patersoni,.4t^.
Lasiopetaium ....

acutiflorum, Turcz. .

arborescens, Ait. .

Baueri, Steetz . .

Behrii, F. Muell. .

bracteatum, Benth. .

ca/ntellatum, Turcz.

confertiflorum, Muell.

cordifolium, Eudl. .

dasyphyUum, Sieb. ,

discolor, Hook. .

Drummondii, Benth.

dumosum, Lodd. .

ferrugiueum, Sm. .

floribundum, Benth. .

Gunnii, Steetz

indutum, Steitd. .

ledifolium, Vent.

macrophyllum, Grah.

membranaceam,-Bf«^//.

micranthum, liook.f.

Page

molle, Benth. . . .266
Oldfieldii, F. Muell.. 264
oppositifolium,il/«e//. 262
parviflorum, Rudye . 262
purpureum, Ait. . . 253
quercifolium, Audr. . 252
quinquenervitim^Tw.m. 204
rosmariuifolium, Bth. 264
rubiginosuin, A.Cnnn. 264
rufum, R. Br. . . 263
Scbulzenii, Benth. . 265
Sieberi, Steetz
solanaceum, Sims
stetligerum, Turcz.
triphijllum, Labill.
WUhelmi, F. Muell

Lavatera 185

Behriana, Schlecht. . 186
hispida, Desf..
plebeia, Sims . .

Laivrencia

glomerata, Hook.
spicata, Hook.
squamata, Nees .

Lawsonia

acronychia, Linn. f.

Leea

sambucina, Willd.
staphglea, Roxb. .

Lepia

264
251
257
253
261

186
185

190
189
190

367
451
451
451

218

linifolia, Desv. . .

84

218

rotunda, Desv. . .

85

218
219

Lepidium

ambiguum, F. Muell.

83
87

220
218

crispum, Desv.
cuneifolium, DC.

87
86

259

foliosum, Besv. . .

86

264

fruticulosum, Desv. .

87

245
263
261
266

impressum, Bunge .
hyssopifolium, Desv.
lept opetalum, F. Muell
linifolium, Benth.

86
87
84
84

260

mouoplocoides, Muell

85

200

Nova-Holl andice J)^%v . 87

205

papillosuin, F. Bluell.

86

261
260
264
240

phlebopetakun^i^.iVMc//. 85
piscidinm .... 86
puberzilum, Bnnge . 87
roluudnm, DC. . . 85

263

ruderale, Linn. . .

86

265
261

strongvlophyllum,
F. Muell. . . .

84

201
314
202

Lepigotium

anceps, Bartl. . . .
brevifolium, Bartl. .

102
162

.206

Itt.riforum, Bartl.

162

262

rubrum, Fries . . .

162

502

INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES.

Page

Leucocarpon

obscurum, A. Rich. . 401

Leucothamnus

montanus, Lindl. . . 250
poli/spermus, Tiu'cz. . 250

Limonia
parvifolia, Hook. . 368
australis, A. Cuun. . 371

Linum 282

angustifolium, DC. . 283
gailicum, Linn. . . 283
marginale, A. Cunn. 283
suEcdaefolium, Planch. 283

Lopadocalyx
phyllanthoides, KL . 392
uliyinosus, Kl. . , 393

Lychnis

Gitkago, Linn. . .156
Coeli-rosa, Desv. . ,156

Lvriosepaluin. . . .266
'BM-ry&u\xm,F.MueIl. 267
rugosum, Benth. . . 267

Malva 186

Behriana, Schlecht. . 186
brachy.itachya,^\x!i^. 187
ooata, Cav. , . . 187
parviflora, Linn. . .186
Preissiaua, Miq. . .186
rotundilblia, Linn. . 186
spicata, Linn. . .187
sylvestris, Linn. . .186
timoriensis, DC. . .186
verticillata, Linn. . 186
tricuspidata, Ait. . 187

Malvastrum . . . .186
spicatum, A. Gray . 187
tricuspidatum,.4.(jr<3!^ 187

Mariatithus . . . .115
angustifolius,Vwiicx\. 125
bignoniaccus, F.Muell. 118
candidus, Huey. . .119
ccelestis, Puttcrl. . . 125
cccruleo-puuctatus,

Klotzsch . . .119
Drunimondianus, Bth. 119
erubcsoens, P«/i'(?/'/. . 120
lloribundus, Putterl. 120
granulatus, Benth. . 118
laxifiorus, Benth. . 119
lineatus, F. Muell. . 121
microphyllus, Benth. 117
parviflorus, i^. iir«6'//. 118
pictus, Lindl. . . .121
procumbeus, Benth. . 117
purpureus, Turcz. . 120
ringens, F. Muell. . 1 20

rhytidosporus,Mvitl\. 117
tenuis, Benth. . .119
venustus, Putterl. . 125
villosus, Benth. . .117

Mazeutoxeron

reflexum, LabiU. . , 355
riifum, Labill. . .354

Medicosma . . . .361
CuuDinghamiijZTooX'^. 362

Melhania 233

incana, Heyne . . 234
oblonyifolia^Y.^^lneW. 234

Melia 380

australasica, A. Juss. 380
composita, Willd. . 380

Melicope 359

australasica,i^.3/«i?//. 360
erythrococca, Benth. 360
neurococca, Benth. . 360

Melycitus

oleaster, Lindl. . . 401

Melochia 234

concatenata, Linn. . 235
corchorifolia, Linn. . 235
nodiflora, Svv. . , 235
pyramidata, Linn. . 234
SHpina, Linn. . , , 235

Melodorum .... 52
Lcichhaidtii, Beuth. . 52

Meniocus

australasicus, Turcz. 71
linifolius, DC. . , 71
serpyllifoIius^Yiesy. . 71

Menkea 80

australi^, Lehni. . . 80
draboidcs, Hook.f. . 80
procumbens, P. MueU. 80

Methorium

canum, Schott . . 232
integrifoUum^^hi.€i!i. 232

Microclisia, Benth. . . 59

Microcybe .... 346
albiflora, Turcz. . . 347
multiflora, Turcz. . 346
pauciflora, Turcz. . 346

Micro lep idi u m

pilosulum, F. MueU. 82

Micromelum .... 368
glabrescens, Benth. . 368
pubescens, Blume . 368

Monoploca

leptopetala, F. MueU. 85
linifoUa, Bunge . . 85
rotunda, Eunge . . 85
phlebopetala, F. MueU. 85

Montia 177

fontana, Linn. . .177

Page

Murraya 368

crenulata, Oliv. . . 369
exotica, Linn. . . 369
paniculata, Jack. . 369

Myosurus 8

minimus, Linn. . . 8
aristatus, Gey. . . 8
australis, F. ]MueU. . 9

Nasturtium . . . . 65
otticinale, Linn. . . 65
palustre, BC. . , , 65
semipinnatifidum, Hk. 66
terrestre, Br. . , ,66

Nelumbiura .... 62
speciosum, Willd. . 62

Nematolepis .... 356
phebalioides, Turcz. . 356

Nemedra

elteagnoidea, A. Juss. 383

Nephelium .... 464
Becklei-i, Berith. . . 467
connatura, F. Muell. 465
coriaceum, Benth. . 466
divaricatum, F. Muell. 467
foveolatum, F. Muell. 466
leiocarpum, F. Muell. 467
microphyUum, Benth. 468
subdentatum, i''.J/«c//.465
tomentosum, F. Muell. 466

Nitraria 291

Billiardieri, DC. . 291
0/<y(>;-i,Jaub.&Spach 291
Schobcri, Lin7i. . . 291

Nymphfea 61

gigantea, Hook. . . 61
stellata, F. MueU. . 61

Ochrolasia

Drummondi, Turcz. . 33

Olax 391

aphyUa, B. Br. . . 393
Benthamiana, Miq. . 393
pliyUanthi, F. Br. . 392
retusa, F. Muell. . 392
stricta, R. Br. . . 392
uliginosa, Kl. . . . 393

Oncosporum

bicolor, Putterl. . .121
Drummondianum,

Putterl 119

granulatum, Tnrcz. . 118
microphyllum, Turcz. 1 ] 7
villosum, Turcz. . .118

Opilia 394

amentacea, Roxb. . 394
jnvanica, Miq. . . 394

INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES.

503

Page
pentitdis, Blume . . 394

Omitrophe
serrata, Roxb. . .455

Oweuia 384

acidula, F. Muell. .385
cerasifera, F. MueU. 386
reticulata, F. Maelt. 386
venosa, F. Mudl. . 386
veruicosa, F. Muell. 385
xerocarpa, F. Muell. 386

Oxalis 300

Acetosella, Linn. . 300
cataraclce, A. Cunn. 300
cognata, Steud. . . 301
coruiculata, Li^m. . 301
lactea, Hook. . . .300
luagelianica, Forst. . 300
microp/ii/Ita, Poir. . 301
perennans, Haw. . 301
Preissiana, Steud. . 301

Oxleya

xanthoxyla, A. Cunu. 389

Pachygone . . . . 58
pubescens, Benth. . 58

Pachynema .... 47
complanatura, R. Br. 48
conspicuuni, Benth. . 47
dilatatum, Benth. . 48
junceum, Benth. . . 47

Papaver 63

aculeatum, Thuub. . 63
gariepinum, DC. . . 63
horridum, BC. . . 63

Paritium

tiliaceum, St. Hil. . 218
Wrayce, Walp. . .217

Pavonia 207

ha.stata, Cav. . . .207

Pelargonium .... 298
acugnaticum, Thou. . 299
anceps, Ait. . . . 299
aiistralo, Willd. . . 298
clandestinum, L'Her. 299
crinitum, Nees . . 299
Drummondii, Turcz. 299
erodioides, Hook. . 299
glomeratum, Jacq. . 299
grossularioides, Ait. 299
inodorum, Wiild.. . 299
littorale, Hueg. . . 299
Eodueyanum, Lindl. 299
stenanthum, Turcz. . 299

Pennantia ...'.. 395
Cunninghamii, 31iers 395

Pentaceras . . . .365
australis, Ilook.f. . 365

Pericampylus ... 56
iucauus, Miers . . 56
Phebalium . . . .336
amblycarpum, Benth. 345
anceps, DC. . . . 345
argenteum, Sm. . . 344
asteriscojjhorum,

F. Muell. . . . 350
anreum, A. Cunn. . 343
Baxteri, Benth. . . 345
Billardieri, A. Jtcss. . 344
bilobum, Lindl. . . 340
bilobum, Bartl. . . 345
bi-achyphyllum,5^«^y^. 341
buxifolium, A. Cunn. 351
correcefolium, A. Juss. 350
Baviesi, Hook. f. . 342
deutatum, Sm. . . 339
diosmeum, A. Juss. . 341
Drummoudii, Benth. 343
eIcEagnifoUum,X.i\xs,% 343
elceagnoides, Sieb. . 344
elatius, Benth. . . 340
elatum, A. Cunn. . 344
filifolium, Turcz. . . 344
glandulosum, Hook. . 342
grandijlorum, Hook. 353
hexapetalum, A. Juss. 351
lachnoides, A. Cunn. 339
lamprophyllum, Bth. 340
microphyllum, Turcz. 343
montanum, Hook. . 338
obcordatum, A. Cunn. 342
OldHeldi, F. Muell. . 340
ovatifolium, F. Muell. 345
ovatum, Sieb. . . 350
ozothamuoides, Muell. 342
phylicifolium, Mueli. 339
phylicoides, Sieb. . 341
podocarpoides, Muell. 343
pungens, Benth. . . 338
Balstoui, i?«?//^. . . 339
retusum, Hook. . . 344
rotundifolium, Benth. 341
rude, Bartl. . . .345
salicifolium, A. Juss. 339
sedijlorum, F. Muell. 342
squamidigerum, Hook.352
squamulosum, Vent. . 343
truncatum, Hook. f. 340
tuberculosum, Benth. 343
Philotheca .... 348
auslralis, Rudge . . 348
ciliata, Hook. . . 348
Gaudichaudi, G. Dou 349
longifolia, Turcz. . 349
Reicheubachiaua,/SiVi.34S

Page
Pigea

Banksiana. DC. . .101
calycina, DC. . .104
fihformis,T)C. . . 103
floribunda, Lindl. . 103
glauca, Eudl. . . .104
monojjetala, Giug. . 103
Pittosporum . . . .109
acacioides. A. Cunu. 113
angustifolium, Lodd. 113
bicolor, Hook. . .113
discolor, Regel . .113
ferrugineum, Ait. .112
favum, Hook. . .114
fulvum, Rudge . .112
hirsutum, Liuk . . 112
Huegelianum, Putterl. 113
lanceolatum, A.Cunu. 113
ligustrifoliun/, A.Cm\n.\ 1 3
linifolium, A. Cunn. 112
longifolium, Putterl. 113
melanospermum,

F. Muell. . . .111
nanum, Hook. . .117
oleafolium, A.Cuun. 113
ovatifoliu7n, F. MueU. 112
parvitlorum, Putterl. 114
phillyriEoides, DC. . 113
procumbens, Hook. . 117
revolutum, Ait. . .111
rhombifolium,^ . Cunn.l 10
RoHanum, Putterl. . 113
r\xh\g\uo&\.un,A.Cunn. 112
salicinum, Lindl. . 113
tinifolium, A. Cunn. 112
tomenlosum, Bonpl. . 112
uudulatum, Vent. .111
Plagianthus . . . .187
diffusus, Benth. . . 190
glomeratus, Benth. . 190
Lampenii, Liudl. . 188
njicrophyllus, Muell. 180
pulchellus, A. Gray . 189
sidoides, llook. . . 1 88
sj)icatus, Benth. . . 189
squamatus, Benth. . 190
tasmanicus, A. Gray 189
Platynema

laurifolium jVf .& Am. 286
Platytheca .... 136
crassifolia, Steetz . 136
crucianella, Steetz . 136
galioides, Steetz . .136

Pleogyne 58

australis, Benth. . . 59
Pleurandra

acerosa, R. Br. . . 24

504

INDEX OF GENERA AND SPEGIES.

Page

acicularis, Labill. . 5? 9

asterotri.chn, Sieb. . 28

bracteata, R. Br. . 26

cali/civa, A. Cuna. . 27

calj/cina, DC. . . 2?

caniforvsma, Sieb. . 33

cinerea, R. Br. . . 26

cinerea, Sieb. ... 28

cistiflora, Sieb. . . 27

cistoidea, Hook. . . 27

cneorum, DC ... 25

cognata, Steud. . . 24

crassifolia, Turcz. . 25

densiflora, Hook. f. . 26

diamesogenos, Steud. 24

empetrifoHa, DC. . 28

enervia, DC. ... 43

ericifulia, DC. . . 27

fumana, Sieb. . . 27

furfiiracea, R. Br. . 23

glaucophijlla, Steud. 25

hemiguosta, Steud. . 43

hihhertioides, Steud. 43

hirsuta, Hook. f. . 26

hypericoides, DC. . 23

incana, Lindl. . . 27

intermedia, DC. . . 32

juniperina, Turcz. . 24

microphglla, Sicb. . 27

mncrouata, Turcz. . 29

nitida, 11. Br. , . 25

ovata, Labill. ... 28

parviflora, R. Br. . 28

pedunculata, R. Br. 29

recnrvifolia, Steud. • 24

reti.culata, Hook. . 19

riparia, R. Br. . . 27

scabra, R. Br. . . 28

sericea, R. Br. . . 26

stricta, R. Br. . . 27

triandra, Turcz. . . 29

verrucosa, Turcz. . 22

Pleuropetaium

Samoense, A. Gr. . 396

suareolens, Blume . 396

Tloldostigma

Lelmanni, Schuch. . 407

PoRcilodermis

popiilnea, Schott . 229

Polauisia 90

viscosa, J)C. ... 90

Polyalthia .... 51

nitidissima, Benth. . 51

Polycarpaia . . . .163

breviliora, F. Muell. 166

corymbosa, Lam. . 166
iuvolucrata, F. Muell. 1 67

Page
longiflora, F. Muell. 164
spicata, Arn. . . . 167
spirostyles, /". J//^<»/Z. 165
staminodina, Muell. 166
staticipformis, Steud. 167
synaiidra, F. Muelt. 165
violacca, Beath. . . 165

Polycarpon .... 163
ulsinrefolium, DC. . 163
tetraphyllum, Linn.f. 163

Polygala 138

arvensis, Willd. . .140
eriocephahij/-^ Muell. 139
]A\wTacA, Houtt. . .139
leptalea, LC. . . . 139
oUgophijlla, DC. . .139
orbicularis, Benth. . 140
rhinanthoides,/S'6'('«waf. 140
stenoclada, Benth. . 141
veronicea,Y.yi.\\€\. . 139

Pomaderris . . . .415
acuminata,\i\\i}ii . .418
amula, Steud. . . 429
alhicans, Steud. . . 423
andromedcefoUa, A.

Ciinn. ■ . . .418
apetala, Labill. . .419
aspera, Sieb. . . . 420
betiilina, A. Ciinn. . 421
hiaurita, F. Muell. . 421
cinerea, Benth. . . 420
commijrta, Steud. . 429
discolor,J)Q. . . .418
elachophylla,F.Jiz<^«. 422
elliptica, Lahill. . . 417
ericifolia, Hook. . 422
ferru<;inea, Sieh. . .417
glohulosa, G. Dou . 429
grandis, F. Muell. .417
hirsuta, Steud. . . 428
hirta, Reissck . .417
intermedia, Sicb. . 418
lanigera, Hims . .416
lanigera ;8, DC. . . 417
lcdilblia, A. Cunn. . 419
ligustrina, Sieh. . . 420
inalifolia, Sieb. . .418
multiflora, Feuzl . 418
myrtilloides, Fenzl . 419
obcordata, Fenzl . . 421
ohovata, Hook. . . 429
ohscura, Sieb. . . 417
ovarin, Muell. & Reiss. 422
paniculosa, F. Muell.

& Reiss. . . .422
parvifolia, Hook. . 428
phillyrtcoides, Sieh. . 418

Page

philhjrPfFfolia^YemX 418
philhjruefolia, Steud. 429
phylicifoiia, Lodd. . 422
polifolin, Reiss. . . 423
pohjaiitha, Steud. . 429
prunifolia, A. Cunn. 420
jigrrhophylla, Steud. 429
racemosa, Hook. . . 421
rosmarinifolia, Stcud. 424
spathulaia, G. Dou . 424
stenopetala, F. Mvu'll. 419
subreijanda, J^. il/«^//. 422
suhretusa, Steud. . 429
vacciniifolia, Reisselc 418
viridirufa, Sieb. . .417
Wendlandiana, Don 417
westrin giafoUaf&\t\iA.^'^\

Popowia 52

australis, Benth. . . 52

Portenschlagia

integrifolia, Tratt. . 403
austrdlis, Tratt. . . 403

Portulaca 168

australis, Endl. . . 109
bicolor, F. Muell. .170
disvna, F. Bluell. . 170
filifolia, F. Muell. . 169
napiformis, F. Muell. 1 69
oleracea, Linn. . .169
oligosperma, i^.-M;;^//. 170

Pi'onaya 125

angustifolia, Lehm. . 125
elegans, Hueg. . .125
Huegeliana, Putterl. 125
lanceolata, Turcz. . 125
latifolia, Turcz. . .124
sericea, Turcz. . .125
speciosa, Endl. . . 126

Pterospcrmum . . . 233
acerifolium, IFilld. . 233

Eanunculus .... 9

aoaulis, Bauks . . 14

anemoneus, /''. Jl/?<^//. 11

aquatilis, Linn. . . 10

hiternatus, Sm. . . 14

collinus, R. Br. . . 14

colonorum, Endl. . 12

cuneatus, Hook. . . 13

discolor, Steud. . . 12

disscctifolius, F. Muell. 1 1

glahrifolius, Hook. . 14

Gunnianus, Hook. . 11

hirtus, Banks ... 13

hirtus, Hook. f. . . 12

incisus, Hook. f. . 14

incotispicuus, Hook. f. 14

INDEX Or GENEllA AND SPLCIES.

)05

Page
imindafus, Banks . 14
lappaceus, Sm. . . 12
lepfocauHs, Ilook. . 14
vwcropus, Hook. , 14
IMillaiii, F. Miteli. . 10
Muelleri, Bciif/i. . 13
murieatus, Liiin. . . 15
nanus, Hook. ... 13
parviflorus, Linn. . 14
philouotis, Refz . . 15'
pilalifer, Hook. . . 14
pimpinellifofiiis,^oo\i. 12
piiinafns, Poir. . . 13
plebeius, R. Br. . . 13
pumilio, R. Br. . . 14
rivularis, 5«»/« . . 13
Robertsoui, Benfh. . 10
scapigeriis, Hook. . 12
sessitijlorus, R. Br. . 14

Baphanus sativus,\A\\a. 65

Ratonia 460

auodouta, Benfh. . 4G1
distylis, F. Muetf. . 4^)2
pyriformis, Benth. . 461
stipitata, Benth. . . 461
teuax, Benth. . . 461

Rhamnus 412

Napeca, Linn. . .412
(Eiwptia, Linn. . . 412
vitiensis, Benfh. . 413
^/-^^/«ojVy^'.^, Soland. . 414

Rhus 488

rhodanthenia, Muell. 489
viticitblia, F. Muell. . 489

Rhyncostemon

canescens, Steetz . .256
glufinosum, Steetz . 256

Rhiffidosporum

y«-oc«/«!5«M, F.Muell. 117

Riedteia

corchorifolia, DC. . 235

Rcepera 294

auranfiaca, Lindl. . 294
Biltardieri, A. Juss. 294
fabayifolia, A. Juss. 294
lafifolia, Hook. f. . 292

Rceperia

cleomoides, F. Muell. 91

Rulingia 237

attheafolia, Turcz. . 239
cistifotia, A. Cunn. . 240
corylifolia, Grah. . 239
corytifotia, Steud. . 240
crispa, Turcz. . . 244
cristifolia, A. Cunn. 240
cuneata, Turcz. . . 241
densiflora, Benth. . 241
VOL. I.

Page
grandillora, Endl. . 239
herniaimiffifolia^-S/eefe 240
he.vamera, Turcz. . 241
lo.\ophyila, F. Muell. 240
maIva;folia, Steefz . 239
nana, Turcz. . . . 240
oblonyifolia, Steetz . 240
pannosa, R. Br. . . 238
paiviflora, Endl. . . 240
platycalyx, Benth. . 240
pulchetla, Turcz. . 244
rotundifolia, Turc::. . 241
rugosa, Steet:: . .238
salvifolia, Benth. . 238
Ryssopterys .... 285
tiuiorensis, Btume , 2S5

Saccopetalmn . . . 53
Bidwilli, Benth. . .53

Sagina 159

apetala, Liun. . .160
procumbens, Linn. . 160

Salmatia

malabarica, Schott . 223

Salomonia .... 138
oblongifolia, BC. .138
obovata, Wight . .138

Sandfordia

calycina, Drunim. . 348

Sapiudus 464

australis, Benth. . . 464
ciiiereus, A. Cunn. . 465
r%id)iginosus , Rosb. . 454
salicifotius, DC. . . 463

Sarcopetaluni ... 56
Harveyanum, F. MueU. 5 7

Sarotes

lafifolia, Turcz. . . 265
ledifolia, Lindl. . . 258
micrantha, Steetz . 259
rosmarinifotia, Turcz. 265
semihastata, F.Muell. 258

Schmidelia . . . .455
anodonfa, F. Muell. 461
Cobbe, Linn. . . . 455
pyrifonnis, F. Muell. 461
serrata, BC. . . .455
timoriensis, DC. . .455

Scolopia 107

Brownii, F. MuelL .107

Semecarpus . . . .491
anacardiuni, Linn. . 491
eassuvium, Ro.vb. . 491

Senebiera 82

Coronopus, Poir. . 83
didynia, Fers. . . 83
iutegrifolia, LC. . . 82

Pago
linoides, DC. ... 83
pinnutifula, DC. . . 83
mexicana,\i\Qo\.^kxn. 83

Scringia 244

corollafa, Steetz . . 246
grandiflora, F. Muell. 247
infeyrifolia, F. Muell. 247
lanceotata, Steetz . 246
microphytla, F.Muell. 247
nephrospenna, Muell. 247
platyphylia, /. Gay . 244
velutina, F. Muell. . 247

Sida 191

Abutilon, Linn. '. . 203
alfhceifolia, Linn. . 197
asiatica, Linn. . . 203
aurita, "Wall. . . . i03
calyxhyraenia, /. Gay 194
carpenoides, DC. . 187
compressa, DC. . . 196
cordifolia, Linn. . . 196
corrugata, Liudl. . 192
crispa, Linn. . . . 206
cryphiopetala, Muell. 194
crijpfopttaIa,Y .^l\\.A\. 2(12
discotor, Hook. . .188
fbutifera,l.m(A . . 193
fliformis, A. Cunn. . 193
Fraseri, Hook. . . 205
geranioides, DC. . 202
grareotens, Roxb. . 204
humittima, F. Muell. 193
Hookeriana, Miq. . 197
inciusa, Benth. . .197
indica, Linn. . . . 203
intersfans, F. MueU. 192
iutricata, F. Muelt. . 193
Lawrencia, F. Muell. 189
leiophloia, Miq. . . 197
leucopetala, F. Muell. 201
macropoda, F. Muett. 193
micropefala, R. Br. . 201
mutica, Del. . . . 205
nematopoda, F. M ucll. 1 93
oxycarpa, F. Mueil. . 204
pedunculata, X.Cnnn. 193
petrophila, /'. Muell. 194
philippicn, DC. . .196
phceotricha,¥. .Muell. 194
physocalyx, F.Muell. 195
jilatycalyx, F.Muell. 197
pleiantha, F. Muell. 195
pulchella, Boupl. . 189
retusa, Liuu. . . .196
rliombifolia, Linn. . 196
rhoinboidea, Roxb. . 196
rupesfris, iliq. . . 198
3 L

506

IKDEX OF GENEKA AND SPECIES.

155
155

C5

65

403

403

72

Page I
spinosa, Littn. . . 196
spodochroma, Jluell. 192
subspicata, F. Muell. 195
iasmanica, Hook. f. 189
iiliafolia, Fiscli. . . 204
tomentosa, Roxb. . 205
tnchopoda, F. ]\Iuell. 193
tnhidosa, A. Cuun. . 200
virgata, tlook. . .194

Silene 155

anglica, Liun. . .155
cerastoides, Linn. . 155
gallica, Linn. .
lusitanica, Linn
quinquevulnera, \j\xm. 155
Sinapis

(/euiculata, Desf,
hastata, Desf.
Sipbouodon .

uustrale, Benth.
Sisymbiiuiu .

eremiffcrum, F. Muell. 75
filifulium, F. Muell. . 74
naslurtioides, F. iluell. 74
oliiciuale, Scop. . . 72
jialustre, Leyss. . . 66
tri^ectum, F. MueU. 74
terresire, With. . . 66
Solea

calycina, Spreng. . 104
vionopeiala, Spreng. 103

Sollya 126

JJiummondi, Jlorreu 127
hctcrophylla, Lindl. . 126
linearis, Lindl. . .126
parviflora, Turcz. . 126
salicifolia, Maruock 127
Spanoghea

connata, F. Muell. . 465

nephdioides, F.JNIuell. 467

Spei'gula

affiiiis, Hook. f. . .161

upetala, Labill. . .161

arveusis, Linn. . .161

subulaia, Durv. . .160

Spergularia . . . .161

rubra, Pers. . . . 161

r/^jw^/w, Fenzl . .162

Spermaxijrum

phyllunthi, Labill. . 392
Spiranthera

Fruseri, Hook. . .126

Spondias 491

acida, Soland. . . 492

Solaudri, Benth. . . 492

S])vridium .... 425

bitidum, F. Muell. . 432

Page
coactilifolium, Reiss. 431
complicatura, Muell. 431
cordatum, Benih. . 430
diffusum, Reiss. . . 433
divaricatum, Benth. . 427
eriocephalum, Fenzl 434
elobulosum, Benth. . 429
Guuuii, Beath. . . 429
halniaturinuui,il/«e//. 432
Lawreucii, Benth. . 430
microcephalum, Benili,.M'?>\
obovatum, Benih. . 429
oligocephaluin.Bc»///. 433
parvilblium,/'.3/«<?//. 428
paucidorum, Benth. . 432
phlebophyllum, Muell. 430
phylicoides, Reiss. . 433
prostraiian, Reiss. . 434
serpyllaceum, Muell. 427
spadiceum, Benth. . 428
spathulatura, Muell. . 430
Stuariii, Reiss. . .431
subochreatum, Reiss. 432
ihymifolium, Reiss. . 431
tridcutatum, Benih. . 427
uliciuum, Benth. . . 434
uncinaium, Reiss. . 434
ve.\illiferum, Reiss. . 433
villosuui, Benth. . 432
Waterhousii, Muell. 437
westringiffifolium,^//^. 431

Stackhousia .... 405
aspericocca, Schuch. 406
Brunonis, Benih. . 409
dorypeiala, Sciiuch. . 408
elaia, F. iluell. . . 408
flava, Hook. . . .407
Gutiniana, Schlccht. 406
Gunnii, Hook. f. . 406
Huegelii, Endl. . . 407
linariepfolia,\. Cnnn. 406
maculata, Sieb. . . 406
monogyna, Labill. . 406
monogyna, Sieb. . . 408
Muelleri, Schuch. . 406
muricata, Lindl. . . 408
nuda, Liudl. . . . 408
obiusa, Liudl. . . . 406
pubesceus, A. Rich. . 407
pulviuaris, F. Muell. 405
scoparia, Benth. . . 409
spathulata, Sieb. . . 406
viminea, Sin. . . . 408

Stellaria 157

angustifolia, Hook. . 158
ccEspitosf liook. f. . 158
flaccida, Hook. . .158

glauca, With. .
media, Linn. .
media, var., Hook. f.
multifiora, Hook. .
puugens, Brongn.
squarrosa, Hook.
Stenanthemuni .
coronatum, Reiss.
humile, Benth.
leucophractum, Reiss.
piraeleoides, Benth. .
pomaderroides, Reiss.
iridentaiam, Reiss. .

Page

158
159
158
159
157
157
435
436
436
435
436
435
427,
435
436

Waterhousii, Benih

Sienodiscus

jilicinus, Reiss. . . 434

Stenopetalum ... 77
croceum, Bunge . . 79
draboides, Hook. . 80
filifolium, Benth. . 78
gracile, Buuge . . 79
inciscvfoliuin,}\Qi^. f. 81
lineare, R. Br. . . 78
minus, Buuge ... 79
nutans, F. MuelL . 79
pedicellare, F. Muell. 79
procumbeits, Ilook. . 80
robustuiu, E)ull. . . 79
sphperocarpum,. !/;/(?//. 78
velutinum, F. Muell. 78

Stephania 57

anstralis, Miers . . 57
Gaudichaiidi, A. Gr. 57
hcruaiidia;folia, Wafp. 57

Sterculia 225

acerifolia, A. Citnn. . 229
acerifolia, X. Cunu. . 228
Bidwilli, Hook. . . 228
caudata, Heio. . . 230
discolor, F. Muell. .228
diversifolia, G. Bon . 229
foetida, Liun. . . . 226
iucaua, Benth. . . 228
Uu-ida, F. Muell. . . 228
pubescens, F. ilucll. 228
quadrifida, R. Br. . 227
rainiflora, Benth. . 227
rupestris, Benih. . . 230
trichosiphou, Benih. 229

Streptothamnus . . .108
Beckleri, /''. Muell. . 108
Moorei, F. Muell. . 108

Strzeleckya

dissosperma, Muell. . 389

Siurtia
gossypioides, R. Br. , 222

INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES.

507

Suriana 375

niaritima, Lhm. . . 375

Symphtiopetahnn

correoides, Drum. . 356

Sytioum 38-4

glaudulosum, -^. </««*. 384

Taliiinm

nanum, Nees . . .176
pohjandrum, Hook. . 173

Tarrietia 230

arg3'roclendrou,5e«^/i. 230

Tasmaiinla

arowatica, R. Br. . 49
dijietala, R. Br. . . 49
insipida, R. Br. . . 49
monticola, A. Ricli. . 49

Tetrapasma
juiicea, G. Don . . 415

Tetratheca .... 129
aculeata, Steetz . .134
atfinis, Endl. . . .132
hauereefolia, Muell. . 130
calva, Schuch. . . 132
ciliata, Lindl. . . .130
confertitblia, Steetz . 133
denticidata, Sieb. . 132
elongata, Schuch. . 134
epilohioides, Steetz . 134
ericifolia, Sm. . . .131
ericoides, Planch. . 132
filiformis, Banks . .135
glandulosa, Lahill. . 131
glandulosa, Sui. . . 132
gracilis, Steetz . .135
Gunnii, Hook. f. . 132
hirsuta, Lindl. . .134
hispidissima, Steetz . 134
juncea, Sm. . . . 132
micrantha, Schuch. . 135
nuda, Lindl. . . . 133
pilifera, Lindl. . .135
pilosa, Labill. . . . 131
Preissiana, Steetz . 135
procumbens, Gnnu . 132
pubescens, Tarcz. . 135
rubiceoides, A. Cunn. 131
ruhriseta, Lindl. . . 134
setigera, Endl. . . 133
subaphylla, Benth. . 132
tenuirainea, Turcz. . 135
thyniifolia, Sm. . . 130
verticillata, Paxt. . 136
vimiuea, Lindl. . .134
virgata, Steetz . . 133

Thespcsia 221

populnea, Corr. . . 221

Page

87

88

88

88

87

248

256

255

251

256

254

254

251

Thlaspi

cochiearinum, Muell.
Drumiuondi, Benth. .
ochrautlmm, Muetl. .
Tasmanicum, Hook.f.

Thomasia

cemula, Steud.
angustifolia, Steud. .
brachystachys, Tarcz.
canescens, Lindl. .
coguata, Steud. .
cycnopotamica, SteVii.
discolor, Sleud. .
diffusa, G. Dou .
foliosa, /. Gay . .252
Gilhertiana, Turcz. . 253
glabrata, Steud. . .253
glutinosa, Lindl. . . 256
grandiflora, Lindl. . 254
hijpoleuca, Steud. . 252
involucrata, Turcz. . 267
tasiopefatoides, Steni. 256
laxiflora, Benth. . . 256
lucida, Steud. . . 254
macrocalyx, Steud. . 253
maci'ocalgx, Sc\\\cch.t. 255
macrocarpa, Hueg. . 250
montana, Steud. . . 250
paniculata, Liudl. . 254
pauciliora, Lindf. . 253
petalocalyXji^. i)/«^//. 255
pogonanthera, Muell. 259
piuiiila, Steud. . . 258
purpuiea, /. Gaij . 253
pygmsea, Benth. . .257
qiiercifolia, /. Gay . 252
rhynchocarpa, Turcz. 254
rugosa, Turcz. . . 250
rnlingioides, Steud. . 235
rupestris, Steud. . . 253
salvifolia, A. Cunn. . 238
sarotes, Turcz. . .255
solanacea, /. Gay . 251
stelligera, Benth. . 256
stipulacea, Bot. Mag. 250
stipulacea, Lindl. . 253
subhastata, Steud. . 254
teuuivestita, !/«(?//. . 251
triloba, Turcz. . .252
triphylla, J. Gay . . 232
undulata, Steetz. . 253
viridis, Steud. . . 252
Thouinia

adenophora, Miq. . 486
australis, A. Rich. . 463
hemiglauca,V.^\\xe\\. 403
variifolia, F. Muell. . 464

Page

Thylacium lucidum, DC. 96

Tiuospora 55

smiiacina, Benth. . 55
Walcottii, F. Muell. . 56
Treniandra . . . .136
diftusa, R. Br. . .137
oppositifolia, Steetz. . 136
stelligera, R. Br. . . 136
verticillata, Hueg. . 136

Tribulus 287

acaiithococcus,M\]ieW.. 288
anttustifolius, Benth. 290
bicolor, F. Muell. . 290
cistoides, Linn. . . 288
hirsutus, Benth. . . 289
hystrix, R. Br. . . 289
lanuginosns, Linn. . 288
macrocarpus, Muell. . 289
minutus, Leichh. . . 291
occidentalis, R. Br. . 289
peutandrus, Benth. . 290
platypterus, Benth. . 289
rauuuculitlorus,iJ/-«e//. 288
Solandri, F. Muell. . 290
terrestris, Linn. . . 288

Trihulopis

angustifolia, R. B. . 290
hicolor, P. Muell. . 290
jjentaiidra, R. Br. . 290
Solandri, R. Br. . . 290

Trichilia
glandidosa, Sm. . . 384

Trichosiphon

australe, Schott . . 229

Triphasia
glauca, LindL . . 370

Tripterococcus

hrachystigma ,Sc\i\\c\i. 409
Brunonis, Kudl. . . 409
junceus, Bunge . . 409
simplex, Bunge . . 409
spathulatus, Muell. . 406

Tristellateia .... 286
australa«ica, A . Rich. 286

Triumfetta .... 272
appendiculata, Micell. 273
deuticulata, R. Br. . 274
glaucesceus, R. Br. . 273
maci-opetala, Muell. . 276
micracautha, Muell. . 274
parvitlora, Benth. . 274
plumigera, F. Muell. 274
procnmbens, Foist. . 273

Trynialium .... 423
aibicaus, Reiss. . . 423
augustifolium, Reiss. 424
Behrii, Reiss. . . 433

508

IXDEX OP GENERA AND SPECIES.

Puge
hiauritum, F. Muell. 421
bifidum, F. Mucll. . 432
Billardieri, Fenzl . 423
hdohatum, F. Muell. 421
dajjhnifoliuvi, lleiss. 424
daphnoides, Reiss. . 430
eupatorioides, Reiss. 428
expansum, Steud. . 424
floribundiun, Steud. . 424
glohnlosum, Feiizl . 429
/iatmatnri//u)t/,Mui;\l. 432
helianthemifolium,

Reiss 419

hertnannioides, Reiss. 428
ledifolium, Feud . 424
leucopogon, F. Muell. 433
majoranifoli/m ,Yg\\z\ 429
majoranifolium, L\i\d. 428
microphyllum , Rciss. 430
ohovatuiti, Reiss. . . 429
oligorephal um ,fyivcz. 433
parvifoliiun , Reiss. . 428
pjhleboph//llum ,Mue\\. 43 1
jiolycephahim , Turcz. 433
rosmarinifolium,

Reiss 424

serpjillaceim, Reiss. . 427
sjmdiceum, Fenzl . 428
spath ulatutn , Muell. . 430
stenophyllaiti, Muell. 432
subochreatutii, Muell. 433
thomasioides, Turcz. 428
velutinum, Reiss. . 42 )
westringi(efolium,

Reiss 431

Wichurae, 'Nees . . 425

Turrsca 379

Billardieri, A. Jus. . 379

coticinna, Beiin. . . 379

l)ubescens, Hellen. . 379

Turritis glabra, Linn. . 67

JJnona

fulyens, Labill. . . 52

Leichhardtii, Muell. 53

nitidissima, Dnn. . 52

nitens, F. Muell. . . 52

TJrena 206

lobata, Linn. . . . 206

sinuata, Liun. . . 206

Urocarp/is

^.phehalioides, Drum. 352

TJvaria 50

heleropetala, Muell. . 5 1

Pai^e
membranacea, 5i?«i;/i. 51

Ventilago 411

viminalis, jftfo^-. . .411

Villaresia 395

Moorei, F. Bluell. . 396
Samoensis, A. Gr. . 396
suaveolens, Benth. . 396

Viola 98

betonicfefolia, Sm. . 99
Caleyana, G. Do/i . 100
Cunniughamii, ///[-. y. 100
hederacea, Lahill. . 99
lot/fiiscapa, DC. . . 99
phyteumcefolia, DC. . 99
Sieberiatia, Spreug. . 100

Vitis 446

acetosa, F. Muell. . 449
acris, F. Muell. . . 449
adnata, Wall. . . . 448
angustissima, Muell. 450
antarctica, Benth. . 447
cardiophylla, Muell. 448
carnosa, W. & Arn. . 449
clematidea, F. Muell. 449
cordata, Wall. . . 447
hypoglauca, F.Muell. 450
nitens, F. Muell. . 448
oblonga, Benth. . . 447
opaca, /''. Muell. . . 450
psoralifolia, Muell. , 449
saponaria, Seem. . . 448
sterculifolia, Muell. . 450
trifolia, Linn. . . . 449

Vlamingia

ausiralasica, Vriese . 104

Walthcria 235

americana, Lh/ti. . . 236

indica, l^inn. . . . 236

IFarburtotiia

potentillina, Muell. . 37

// ichurea

arhutiflora, Nees . . 444

tubulosa, Nces . . 444

Wormia 16

ahita, R. Br. . . . 16

Xerosollya

Gilbertii, Turcz. . .127

Ximcnia 391

amcricana, Linti. . . 391
elliptica, Forst. . . 391
e.rarmata, F. Muell. 391
laurina, Delile. . .391

Page
Xylocarpus

Grnnatum, Koen. . 387

Xylosma 107

ovatum, Betith. . . 108

Zanthoxyhim .... 362

a ustrnlasicum , A . Jus . 363

Blackburnia, Benth. . 363
brachvacanthum, F.

Mueil 363

oppositifoli/im, DC. . 312

parvitiorum, Benth. . 363

Zieria 303

arhorescens, Sims . 307

aspalathoides,^.C«?2«. 303

catiescens, R. Br. . 303

cytisoides, Stti. . . 306

fiirfuracea, R. Br. . 306

granulata, C. Moore . 307

hirsula, DC. . . . 30.5

iuvohicrata, R. Br. . 306

leevigata, Sm. . . . 304

laticeolafa, R Br. . 306

macrophylla, BonpL . 307

microphylla, Bonpl. . 305

obcordata, A. Cutin. . 305

pnuciflora, Sni. . . 303

pilosa, Rudge . . . 305

revoluta, A. Cunn. . 304

Smithii, At/dr. . . 306

trifoliata, Bonpl. . 305

veronicea, F. Muell. . 305

Zizvphus 411

celtidifoUa, DC. . .412
jujuba, Lam. . . .412

tnelastotnoides, h..Q,u. 412
oenopiia, Mill. . .413

pomaderroides, Fenzl 414

cjuadnloculnriSjJ/wf//. 412
rufula, .Miq. . . .413

Zygophylhun .... 292

ammophyll/im, MuclL 294

apiculatum, F. Muell. 292

aurantiacum, Muell. 294

ansiralasicutn, Miq. . 291

Bilku-dicri, DC. . . 293

erenalum, F. Mucll. . 293

friilictdosum, DC. . 294

gh\ucescens, F. Muell. 293

"gla/icutn, F. Muell. . 293

iodocarpum, Muell. . 293
prismatothecum, F.

M/iell 293

terininale, Turcz. . 292

bSWlBD TATLOH FBINiEa LITTLE QUEEN STREET LINCOL^ ti ISS TIELDa