®l)f i. U. Htll iCtbrary Nnrth (EaroUna ^tatf (TnlUgp QKA31 V.3 iiS698 This hook must not be taken from the Lihrary huilding EXCEPT WITH THE SPECIAL PERMISSION OF THE LIBRARIAN FLORA AUSTRALIENSIS. FLORA AUSTRALIENSIS : A DESCRIPTION PLANTS W THE AUSTRALIAN TERRITORY. BY GEORGE BENTHAM, F.R.S., P.L.S., ASSISTED BY FERDINAND MUELLER, M.D., F.R.S. & L.S., GOVEBNMENT BOTABIST, MELBOrKNE, VICIOEIA. VOL. III. MTBTACEuE TO C0MP08ITJS. PUBLISHED UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF THE SEVEEAL GOVERNMENTS OF THE AUSTRALIAN COLONIES. LONDON : LOVELL REEVE & CO., 5, HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN. 1866. .5» \ ?, ^44^^ J. E. TATLOB AND CO., rnlNTEBS, hlTltZ QUEBN STBEET, LINCOI,N's INN riBHHS. CONTENTS. Page CoNSPECTUS OF THE OkDF.RS ^i Order XLVIIl. Myrtacwo 1 XLIX. Melastomaceae 289 L. Lythrariea! 294 LI. Onagrariese 301 LII. Samydacese 308 LIII. Passifiorfffl 310 LIV. Cucurbitaeca; 313 LV. ricoidcse . . ' 322 LVI. Umbellifera" 334 LVII. AraliaccEC 378 LVIII. CornaceEB 385 LIX. Loranthacea; 386 LX. Caprifoliacese 398 LXI. RnbiacetE 399 LXIl. ComposKjc 447 CONSPECTUS OF THE ORDERS CONTAINEU IN THE THIRD VOLUME. Class I. DICOTYLEDONS. SuBCLAss I. POLYPETAL.*. Series IIL CalyciflobjE. (Contiuued from Vol. II.) XLVIII. Myktace,e. Trees or shrubs, very rarely uudershrubs. Leaves opposite or alternate, without stipules, usually dotted. Flowers regular or uearly so. Calyx-lobes usualiy imbricate. Petals inibricatc. Stamens indefinite or rarely defniite; anthers opening iii longitudinal slits or rarely in terminal pores. Ovary inferior, 2- or more-celled with 2 or moi'e ovules in each cell, or rarely 1-celled with 1 placenta. Stylc undivided. Seeds with- out albumen. Cotyledous Hat or folded, not convolute. XLIX. Melastomace.13. Shrubs or rarely trees or herbs. Leaves opposite, not dotted, without stipules. Flowers regular or nearly so. Petals contorted. Stamens dufinite ; au- thers openiug iu terminal pores, very rarely in longitudiual slits. Ovary iuferior or enclosed in the calyx, 2- or more-celled, with 2 or niore ovules iu each cell, or rarely 1-celled with a central placenta. Style undivided. Seeds without albumen. Cotyledons flat or folded, not convolute. L. Lythkarie/E. Herbs shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite or alternate, without stipules. Flowers regular or nearly so. Calyx-lobes valvate. Petals usually crumpled iu the bud. Stamens dellnite or rarely indefinite. Ovary nsually enelosed in the calyx-tnbe, 2- or more- celled, with few or many ovules in each cell. Style undivided. Seeds without albumen. Cotyledons not convolute. LL Onagkarie.e. Herbs (iu the Australian genera). Leaves opposite or alternate, vvithout stipules. Flowers regular or nearly so, usually 4-merous. Calyx-Iobes valvate. Petals imbricate. Stamens defiaite. Ovaryinferior, 2- or more-celled, very rarely 1-celled. Style undivided. Seeds without albumen. LII. Sasiyuace.e. Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate. Stipules small oruone. Flowers regular or nearly so. Petals and sepals nearly similar. Stamens indefinite or alternating with small scales or glands. Ovary 1-celled with j)arietal placeiitas. Style entire or branched. Seeds albuminous. LIII. PassiflorE/E. Climbers (in the Australian genera). Leavcs altcrnate, with sti- pules. Flowers regular. Petals persistent with the calyx-lobes aud oftcu resembling them. Stamens definite. Ovary stalked, 1-cclIed, with paiietal placentas. Style braiiched. Seed;- albuniinous. LIV. CucuKBiTACE.E. Herbs cithcr pi'ostrate or climbiug wilh tendrils. Leaves alter- uate, without stipiiles. Floweis unisexual, regular. Stamcns 3 or 5. Ovary iiiferior, at first 1-cclled, the (3) parietal placcnta» sooii mecting iu thc axis aud dividiug tlic ('avity intw 3 or fi rells or i'einaining 1-cellcd with 1 placeuta. Style enlire or branchcd. Sceds wilh- ont albiimcu. D. H. HILL LIBRARY North CaroJina State College VHl CONSPECTUS OF THE OKDERS. LV. FicoiUE.E. Herbs or larely underslirubs, sometiuies suceuleut. Leaves alteniatt' or rarely oppositc, without auy or with miuute scarious stipuks. Petals uone or iudefinitc iind narrow. Stauieas iudcliuite or rarely defiuite. Ovary inlerior or superior, severnl- eelicd (rarely rcduced lo 1 cell). Phiceutas basal or nearly so. Stylesfree or uuited at the base. Embryo eurved iu a mealy albunien. LVI. UjiBKLi.iFEK.i;. Herbs or rarely shrnbs. Leaves alteruate, often dissected, with- out any or rarely with scarious stipules. Calyx-teetli small or obsolete. Stameus as maiiy as petals, and iuserted with them rouud an epigynoiis 2-lobcd disiv. Ovary inferior, usually 2-celled with 1 peudulous ovide iii eaeh cell. Styles 2. Fruit dividiug iuto 2 small dry 1-seeded nuts. Seeds albuminous with a miuute embryo. LVn. Araliace.e. Trees shrubs or very rarely tall herbs. Leaves alternate, vvithout stipules. Flowers of VmbelUferce, except that tlie ovary-cells are ofteu more thau two. Fruit drnpaceous, the endocarp hardened into 2 or more distiuct, 1-seeded pyrenes, the epi- carp (lcshy, succnlcnt, or rarely dry and thin. Seeds albuminous with amiuiite embryo. TiVTII. CoRNACKiE. 'IVees slirubs or very rarely herbs. Leaves opposite or vei-y rarely (as iii the Australiau genus) alternate, without stipules. Petals valvate. Stamens as inany iir twiee as many as petals. Ovary inferior, 1- or 2-celled with 1 pendulous ovulc in each ccll. Style siinple. Seeds albuminous, the embryo uearly as long as the albumen. SuBCLAss II. MONOPETAL.E. Petals united into a single lobed corolla (exceptxonally frce in a few LoraH' tJiacea) . LIX. LoRANTHACE.E. Parasitical shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite or alternate, with- out stipules. Stamens opposite the corolia-lobes or pctals. Ovary inferior, 1-celled, with 1 crect ovule, not pcrcei)tible till the flovveriug is over. Seeds albuminous. LX. Caprikoijace.e. Trees, shrubs, or elimbers, rarcly herbs. Leaves o])posite (piu- uate in the Australiau genus) vvithout real stipules. Stameus as many as corolla-lobes and alternate with theni. Ovary inferior, 2- or more-eelled. Sceds albuminous. LXL Kuriace.e. Trees, shrubs, or herbs, Leaves opposite, vvith interpetiolar or sheath- ing stipules. Stameus as iiiany as eorolla-lobes aud alternatc vvith them. Ovary inferior, 2- or inore-celled, very rarely reduccd to 1 eelL Seeds albuminous. LXIL CoMPOSiT^. Tlerbs shrubs or rarely Irees. Lcaves opposite or alternate, with- out slipiilcs. Flowers or llorets eollccted iu heads, each liead surronuded by a calyx-lilic iii- voliicre, the triie calyx of each floret wanting or reduccd to a jiappus. Stamcns as niany as eorolla-lolies and altcrnatc with them. Ovary inrcrior, 1-celicd, with 1 erect ovule. .Secd witliout aibtmicn. FLOHA AUSTRALIENSIS. Oeder XLYIII. MYRTACE.a;. Calyx-tube adnate to tbe ovary at tlie base or up to tbe insertioii of tbe stamens ; linib uiore or less divided (usually to tbe base) into 4 or 5, very rarely 3 or raore tlian 5, lobes or teelb, or reduced to a iiarrow border, or en- tirely wanting ; lobes usually imbricate or open in tbe bud. Petals usually as many as calyx-lobes, very mucb iinbricate in the bud, tlie external one sometiraes larger tban the otbers, but usually all nearly equal wlien expanded, sometimes all concrete and falling oft' in a single opercukun, or rarely entirely wanting. Stamens indefinite, usually numerous or rarely few and definittj, iuserted in one or several rows on a disk, either thin and lining the calyx- tube above the ovary and forming a thickened ring at its orifice, or thicker and forming a ring close ronnd the summit of the ovary ; filaments free or rarely united into a riug or tube at the base, or into as many bundles as there are calyx-Iobes ; authers 2-ceUed, versatile or attached by tlie base, the cells opcning in longitudinal slits, or rarely in terminal pores, Ovary inferior or rarely almost superior, but enclosed in the calyx-tube, sometimes 1-celled, with a placenta attached tothe base oradnate to one side, more frequently 2- or niore celled, witb the pbacentas in the inner angie of each cell, very rarely l-cel!ed, with 2 parietal placeutas. Style simple, with a small or a capitate or peltate, very rarely lobed stigma. Ovules 2 or more toeach pUicenta, iii 2 or more rows, or very rarely solitary, erect pendulous or laterally attached, aiuitropous or amphitropous. Fruit inferior, adnate to the calyx-tube, and crowned by the persistent limb, or nunrked by its scar wlien deciduous, oi very rarely luilf or almost wholly superior, and surrounded at the base by the persistent calyx-tube, either capsular and opening loculicidally at the summit, in as many valves as cells, or indehiscent, dry, and 1-seeded, or succulent and indebiscent. Perfect seeds usually very few or solitary in each cell, even wlieu the ovules are numerous, or rarely numerous and perfect ; teeth either thin and membranous, or crnstaceous, fleshy or bony. Albumen none, or very scanty near the hilum. Embryo straigbt or variously curved, fleshy, with minute cotylednns at one eud, or with large, flat, or vaiiously folded cotyle- dons, or with thick Heshy distinct or consolidated cotyledons, and au exceed- ingly short radicle, or rarely apparently hoinogeueous, the cotyledons iucon- VOL. III. B l. 2 XLVIIl. MYRTACE^. spicuous bcfore fjoniiination. Abortive ovules in mauy capsular g-enera, cn- largetl withoiit bcinti: fcrtilizcd, aud simulatingtlie secds, butof ahard, nearly lioino2:eneous, woody, or granular cousistence. — Trees or slirubs, vcry rarcly undersimdis, Leavcs siniplc, entire or rarely oljscurcly crenate-toothed, opposite or lcss frequcntly altcrnate, more or less dottcd in all but the Lecy- IhidefS, with suiall resinous glands, either pellucid or black and superticial, often scarcely visible wlien the leaf is thick. Stipnles none, or rarely very minute and fugacious. Flowers solitary or iu raccmes panicles or cymes, nxillaiy or apparently terminal frora the terminal bud not growing out till aftcr the lloAvering is over. Bracts solitary at the base of the pcduuclcs, or fonuing" an imbricate involucre frora the abortion of the lower flowers. Brac- tcolcs 3 at the basc of or on the pedicel, soractiraes very small or abortivc, and oftcn excecdingly deciduous. The flesliy-fniitcd geuera of the Ouler are witlely spreacl over thetropical regionsboth of the New and the Okl ^Vorld, iiiciudint; niaiiy of the largest forest trees, and are, in Australia, ahnost limited to the tropics, a very few species extending iuto N. S. AVales, and only one into \'ictoria. Thc capsular gencra are either entirely or chicfly Australian ; fonr of the larger ones, represented by a few s])ecies in New Caledonia and the Indian Archipelngo, one Xanthostemon, rejjresented by more spccies iu New Caledonia than in Australia, two small ones are in Ncvv Caledonia, and not yet fouud iu Anstralia, one Eucali/pfxs, is represented in Timor, if not iu Ihe Moluccas, biit is not in New Caledouia, another, Mefrosideros, is more abundant in the Paeific islauds than in Australia, and e.xtends also to the Malayan peniusuhi, and in auomaloiis forms (perliaps not strictly congeners) to S. Africa and S. Anie- rica. Two of the widcst-spread genera, LeptosjKTmum aud Metrosideros, are also iu New Zealand. Tkibe I. Chamselauciese. — Ovarrj \-ceUed, with a single placenfa. Fruit indehis- cent, drtj, zcith 1 or rarcfy 2 seeds. Shrul)s often heath-like. Leaves small. Flowers solitari/, or very rarely 2 together in the axils of the leaves or bracts, scattered along the hranches, or forming a terminal head. Stamens definite, in a single series, niore or less united in a ring at the base, and ofteii alteruatiiig with staminodia. Stamens 8, without staniiuodia. Flowers 4-meraus, the outcr oncs of thc head enlargcd aiid sterile 1. Actinodium. Stamens 10, alternating with as many staminodia (very minute or wantiug iu onc species of Larvnnia and oue of Verticordia). Calyx-lobcs 5, subulatc, entirc 3. IIomorantiuis. Calyx-lobes 5, broad, eiitire or shortly ciliolate. Anthcrs globose or didymous, opening ia terminal pores or short slits. Style nsualiy long 2. Uauwinia. Antlier-eells parallel, opeuing m longitudinal slits. Style sbort 0. Cham.£Lauch'm. Calyx-iobes 5 or 10, deeply divided into subulate, plumose, or haii-like lobes . . . . ' 4. Vekticordia. Stamens 20, without staminodia. Calyx-lobes 10, entire ... 5. Pileantiius. Stamens inderuiitc, without stamiuodia, numerous, or, if few, not regu- larly alternate or o|)posite to the calyx-lobes. Calyx-lobcs persistent, or rarely faliing" olf with the uppcr portion of the tube. Ovules 2, on a filiform piaceuta attached both to the base and sumrait of thc ovary. Calyx-lobes termiuatiug iu a loug" bristle or rarelv iu a short PO'"t ■ .... 7. Calythkix. Calyx-lobes truncatc or retuse, not poiutcd 8. Lhotzkya. Calyx-lobcs short, dcciduous. Ovules 2, the placcnta basal or ad- uate to onesideof tlie ovary 9. Homaloc.vlyx. XLVIII. MYRTACE^. 3 Stamens 5 or 10, rciiularly alternale with or o|iposite to the calyx- lobes, quite distiuet aud without staniinodia. Ovules 2 or more, asceudiug or attaelicd to a lateral placeuta. Sta- mens, when 5, alternate with the petals 10. Thuyptomene. Ovules 2 or 4, pendulous from thc suniuiit of a filiform phieenta. Stamens, whea 5, opposite to the petais 11. Micromyrtus. Tribe II. Iieptospermese. — Ovary dividecl iiito 2 to 5, or rarely more cells. Cap- sule openbig at the summit ia as many valves as thereare cells, or very rarehj indehiscent, with 1 or 2 seeds. Stameus in a single row, definite or iudefiuite, shorter than or rarely shortly exceeding the petals, free or uuitcd in bundles, alterna- ting with the petals. Leaves small or uarrow. Leaves opposite. Ovules 2 in each cell, superposed or solitary. Flowers small, in axiUary cynies, or rarely solitary 12. Scholtzia. Ovules several iu each ccll, in 2 rows or in a ring round apeltate placenta, or if 2, collateral. Flowers axiliary, solitary or rarely few, on a conimon pcduucle. Stamens frce, rarely exceeding 20, and usually much fewer. Flowers smaU 13. B^ckea. Stamens united in bundles, alternating with the petals. Flowers small 14. Astartea. Stamens numerous, often united in a ring at the base . . . 15. IIypocalymna. Stamens numerous, frce. Calyx large, rcd, urceolate . . . 16. Balaustion. Leaves aiterMate. Stamens frec, definite, or if indefiuite none opposite the centre of the petals. Flowers in globular sessile heads . . . .17. Agonis. Stamens numcrous, in a continuous series. Flowers solitary or crowded, but not in heads 18. Leptospermum. Stamens excceding the petals, indefinite, either frce or united in bundles, opposite the petals. Leaves small or narrow, or rarely large and many-nerved. Flowers closely sessile (except iu some species of Kunzea) . Anthers versatile, with parallel cells, opening longitudinally. Staraens free (ahnost iii 5 bundles in 1 species of CalUslemon'). Calyx-lobcs usually pcrsistcnt. Ovary 2- to 5-cellcd. Seeds pendulous. Flowers in heads or solitary, or rarely iu short spikcs 19. Kunzea. Calyx-lobes usually deciduous. Ovary 3- or 4-cclled. Seeds ascendiug. Flowcrs in spikes, terminal or crowned by the year's shoot 20. Callistemon. Stamens united in 5 bundles opposite the petals (almost frce in I species of Melaleuca). Stamiual bnndles united high up in a tube 21. Lamarchea. Staminal bundles distinct or scarcely united at the base. Ovules several in each cell 22. Melaleuca. Ovules solitary in each ccU .23'. Conothamnus. Anthers erect, attached by the base. Stamens united in bundles opposite the petals, or uearly frcc iu some species of Eremaa and Phymatocarpus. Ovules 1 to 4 in cach cell, peltate and laterally attached. Anther-cells opening at tlie top iu trausversc valves. Ovules 1 in cach ccll T 24. Beaufortia. Anthcr-cells placed back to back, and openiug in outward lon- gitudinal slits. Ovules 4 in each cell 25. Regelia. Ovules 2 or morc iu each cell, crect or ascendiug, linear or cu- neate. B 2 4 XLVIII. MYRTACE^. Arithcrs obovoid, the rells back to back, opening iu outward transverse valves. Ovules 2 to 4 in each cell. Leavcs small, opposite 26.Phymatocarpus. Aulhers oblon!>- or linear, tbc cells parallel, turncd inwards, opeuint,' in louuntuaiual slits. Ovules several. Leaves long, alternatc. ' Flowers lateral 2?. Calothamnus. Anthers obovoid, the cells back to back, opening in outward longitiulinal slits. Ovides sevcral. Leaves small, scattercd. Flowers 1 to 3, oearly termiual 28. Erem.ea. Stamens numerous, free or obscurely uuited at the base. Petals at- taehed by a broad base, free or cousolidated into an operculum. Leaves usually large. Flowers in umbels heads or cymes, rarely sessile on the stem. Calyx-teeth distiuct, distant. Petals free . . . . ... . 29. Angopiiora. CalVx truncate, entire or with 4 minute teeth. Petals uuitcd iu au o"perculum 30. EucALVPTrs. Stamens excecdiug the petals, indefmite, free, or rarely iinited in bundles opposite the pelals. Leavcs large or myrtle-like, peuni- veined. Flowers in peduuculate hiads cymes or coryiubs, or rarely solitary aud pedicellate. (Stamens searcely exeecdiug the petals in some species of Trisfania.) Stamens united in 5 bundles. Leaves alternate or in one species opposite .31. Tristania. Outer staracns witb reniform sterile authers. Leaves opposite, narrow 33. Lysicaepus. Flowers in globular pediuiculate htads. Leavcs opposite. Sta- mans oi Metrosicleros 32. Syncarpia. Flowers in cynies. Stamens ft-ee, all perfect. Ovules numerous, horizontal or aseeudiug, covering the placenta. Lcavcs opposite - . . . . 3-i. Metrosideros. Ovulcs iu a riug round a club-shapcd or peltate plaeenta. Lcavcs alternate 35. Xanthostemon. Ovules peudulous or recurved. Calyx-lobes almost petal-like. Leaves opposite 30. Backhuusia. Stamens indefiuitc, free. Frait dry, iudehisceut. Ovary pcrfectly or imperfectly 2-celled or 1 -eclled by abortiou. Calyx-lobes almost pctal-like. Petals 4, shorter than or searccly exceeding the ealyx-lobes. Flowers iu cymcs heads or umbels 36. B.\ckhousia. Calyx-lobes 8. Petals none. Flowers solitary, sessile .... 37. Osbornia. Calyx-lobes 5, narrow. Petals 5. l'lowers solitary, pediccllate . 41. Fenzlia. TttlBE IIL Myrtese. — Ovarij divided inio 2 or more cells, or very rarely l-celhul, with 2 parietal 'placentas. Fruit an indehiscent berry or drupe. Ovarv 1-celled, with 2 parietal placentas. Leaves 3-nerved . . . 40. Rhodamnia. Ovary 2-eelled (or 1-celled by abortion), with 2 or 3 supcrposed ovulcs iu each cell. Lcaves vvhite undernoath 41. Fenzlia. Ovary with 2, 4, or 0 rows of superjjoscd ovules, separated by verti- cal sepia, the ovules thcmselves separated by transverse scpta (1-, 2-, or 3-eelled, with double rovvs of ovules iu cach cell, all separated by spurious septa.) Leaves sometimes 3-nerved 38. Rhodomyrtus. Ovary 2- or 3-eelled, with several ovules in cach cell, without spuri- ous dissepiments. Embryo long and narrow, curved, cireidar, or spiral, with smaU cotyledous. Fiowers 5-merous or rarely 4-merous, solitary or raeemose 39. I\Iyutus. Euibryo thick and fleshy, eithcr indivisible or wilh 2 thick fleshy cotyledous aud a short radicle. F'lovvers 4-merous or rarely .5- merous, solitary or in triehotomous cymes or panieles .... 43. Eugenia. XLVIII. MYRTACE.^. 5 Ovaiy 5- or rarely 4-ccllcd, with 2 to 6 ovulesiu cacli ccU. Eiiibryo o{ M//riHS 43. Nelitris. (Oiie species of K/mzea, ha.i the fruit suoculent and pulpy.) Tribe IV. Iiecythidese (Subtribe Barrin^toniese). — Orrrr?/ dlvided more or less co)/iplet/'li/ lnto 2 or mare rells. Friut indehisce/it, hard and til)ro/is or jlesh/j. Leaces alieriiate or crowded at the ends of the branches, larc/e, not dolted. Cal/jx oflen nearly valvate. Stamens all perfcct. Fruit augular, fibrous, with a single secd . . 44. Barkingtonia. Outer or iuuer stainens, or both without anthers. Fruit ovoid or globular, not angular, tleshy, with several sceds enveloped in pulp 45. Careya. {Bartlingia, Ad. Brongn., referred by Schauer to Chammlatic.iece, proves to be Fultencea ohovata, described above, Vol. II. p. 123, havingbeen originally exainined iu a state of very young bud, before the irregularity of the petals was developed.) Tribe I. Cham^.laucie^. — Ovary 1-celled. Pruit 1- or rarely 3- seeded, indeliiscent. Shrubs often heath-like^ with smali leaves. Flowers usually small, solitary or very rarely 2 or 3 together in the axils of the leaves or bracts, either alona,- the branches or in terniinal heads, the floral leaves either like the stem-leaves, or dihited and bract-like, or forming an invo- lucre. The tirst tvvo subtribcs of Chamalauciea; have a peculiar habit, which had induced their being ])roposed as a distinct Order, but some of the third subtribe {Thri/ptomenea:) pass so gradually into the Lepiospermea, as only to be distiuguishable from Brecke^i by the examina- tion of the ovary. SuBTRiBE I. EucHAM.^ELAUCiE.E. — Stamens twice as many as petals, with intervening staminodia rarely wantiiig, or 4 times as many as petals witliout stamiiiodia, the filaments more or less distinctly united in a ring at the base. Ovules 2 to 10, attached to an excentrical basal placenta, or in 2 rows, on a short lateral placeiita. Embryo, where known, consisting of a thick radicle, the shape of the seed, with a slender neck lying on the summit, apparently entire or with 2 minute cotyledons at the end. 1. ACTINODIUM, Schauer. (Triphelia, R. Br.) Calyx-tube acutely 4-angIed ; lobes 4,petal-Iike, entire. Petals4, as long as the calyx. Stainens 8. in a single rov/, those opposite the sepals more in- tlected in the bud ; anthers nearly globular, opening in 2 miniite pores ; sta- minodia none. Ovary 1-celIed, with a single ovule, erect from a short basal placenta ; style exserted, with a terminal oblong stigma. Eruit . . . — Siirub, with the habit of Darwiuia. Leaves heath-Iike, scattcred. Flowers small," in terminal heads, the outer barren flowers with elongated calyx-Iobes, petals, aiid petal-Iike bracts and bracteoles forming a ray, within an involucre of coloured floral leaves or bracts. The genus is limited to the siugle Australiau species. 1. A. Cunninghamii, Sckaii. in Lindl. Introd. Nat. Syst. ed. 2. 440, Myrt. Xeroc. 24. t. 1 B, and in Pl. Preiss. i. 96. An erect glabrous heath-like shrub of 1 to 2 fcct, with slender virii.ate branches. Leaves scat- 6 XLViii. MVRTACE.f:. [Actinodium. tered, sessile, erect or sliglitly sprcading, linear-terete and chaiinelled above or tri(iuetrous, obtuse or mucronulatc, eitlier slender and distant, or short, thick, and ahnost inibricate. Perfect flowers ajiparentlv' pink or wiiite, very suiall and numerous, in a dense hemispherical teniiinal head, each flower in the axil of a hmccohite or linear, ahnost petal-like bract, vvith 2 simiLar bracteoles under the calyx, the outer flowers of the head usually ban-en, pedicellate, the bracts, bracteoles, calyx-lobes, and petals, all linear and petal-like, and growing out to 3 or eveu 4 lines, forming an apparently white ray to the head, and the whole surrounded by a short involucre of inore or less coloured, oblong or obovate, acuminate, injbricate bracts or floral leaves passing into the stem- leaves. Calyx 1 to ] ^ liues long ; the lobes about as long as the tube. Petals narrow, entire or toothed at the end. After the flowering is over, either the central shoot grows out, leaving the old receptacle as a thickening of the branch, or 2 or 3 new shoots grow out fi'om under the head. — TrijjJieUa bru- nioidfs, R. Br. ; Endl. in Hueg. Enum. 48 ; Actinodium proUferuni, Turcz. in Bull. Mosc. 1849, ii. 17. ■VIT. Australia. King George's Somid aiid adjoiiiing districts, aud eastward to Ca))e Richf, R. Brown, and others; Drvvimond, 'ird Coll. n. 211, ^th Coll. ». 43 and 44:, bl/i Coll. n. 102 ; Preiss, n. 223 ; Moir's Inlet, MaxweU. 2. DABWINIA, Eudge. (Geuetyllis, DC. ; Hedaroniu, Lindl. ; Polyzone, Endl. ; Scbuermauuia, T. Muell. ; Cryptostemou, F. Muell. ; Francisia, Endl.) Calyx-tube nearly cylindrical, turbinate or hemisphcerical, the lower adnate part more or less distinctly 5- or rarely 10-ribbed, tiie upper disk-bearing free portiou scarcely ribbed ; lobes 5, scarious or petal-like, often very minute. Petals 5, entire. Stamens 10, alternating with as many stami- nodia, very shortly united at tlie base in a single ring, or rarely the stami- nodia when broad forraing an outer row ; anthers globular, opening in 2 minute pores near the scarcely prominent conuective. Ovary 1-celled, with 2, 3, andvery rarely (except in D. viicropetala) 4 ovules, inserted ou a very short basal, usually excentric phacenta. Style exserted, usually long, and more or less bearded towards the end ; stigma terminal, minute or capitate. Fruit formed of tlie slightly-enharged and somewhat hardened calyx. Seed usually solitary, filling the fruit, testa very thin. Erabryo consisting of a homogeneous nuiss or thick radicle of the shapc of the seed, with a rather slender ncck lying along the flattcned apex, eutire, or perhaps divided at the point into two rainute eotyledons. — Slirubs Avith usually a heath-like or Diosma-YikQ habit. Lcaves small, opposite or scattered, entire. Flowers small, nearly sessile, or shortly pedicellate in the upper axils, or in terminal heads, the floral lcaves or bracts eitlier hirge and coloiu'ed, or small like the stem-leaves. Jiracteoles thin and scarious, concave, and keeled, euclosing the young bud, and very deciduous, or small, uarrow, and more persistent. Thc genus is Hmited to Australia. Perfect seeds have been examined only in very few species. Section I. Genetyllis. — Culi/.v-lobcs noi e.vceedin(j half the lenylhof ihe fctals, and ofien very minule. Flowers in single terminal heads, rarely hecoming lateral by the elon- ynlioH of Ihe cenirul au-is. Darwinia.] XLViii. myktace.e. 7 A. Floicer-heads usualli/ nodding, sttrrouuded by a cainpauiilale or ovoid iuvolucre of coloiired imhricated bracls louger than the Jlowers, and enclosiuc/ Iheni. Leavcs scattercd, oblong, ^ iii. loug or uiorc, witli recurved margius. luvolucral bracts ob- ovatc, obloug. Leaves and bracts culire. Leaves elliptical-obloug. Iiiucr bracts obovate, streaked. Calyx 10-ribbcd at tlie base 1. D. macrosteijia. Lcavcs liuear-obloug. luner bracts broadly obloug, oue- coloured. Calyx 5- or rarely 7-ribbcd at the base . . . 2. 7). Ilookeriaua. Lcavcs aud bracts ciliate. Calyx vvitbout prouiiueut ribs . . 3. D.fimhriata. Lcaves opposite, small, erect, coucave. luvolucral bracts broadly obloug, eutire. Calyx prouiiueutly 5-ribbed at the base . . . 4. Z). speciosa. Leaves liuear, semiterete or triquetrous, scattercd, crowded. luvolucral bracts ovate-obloug, eutire. Fiowers uumerous iu the head. Bracteoles uarrow. Calyx-lobes very small . . 5. D. Meissneri. luvolucral bracts ovatc-lauceohitc, uuuierous, eutire. Flowers 4 iu the head. Bracteoles orbicular. Calyx-lobes broad, half as loug as the petals 6. D. helichrysoides. luvolucral bracts liuear, nuuierous, ciiiate. Flowers numerous in the head. Bractcoles lincar. Calyx-lobes very small . 7- D. cederoides. B. Flower-heads erect or noddini/, surrounded hy an incolncre of coloured bracts scarcely exceeding theflowers, or shorler than them and iisually spreadlng. Leaves scattered aud crowded, not opposite. riowers numerous in the head. Leaves serniterete or triquetrous, 3 to 4 liues long. Calyx-tube irregularly glandulose-rugose S. D. virescens. Leaves obloug, rarely above 2 lines long. Calyx-tube marked with parallel riugs of glandular papill;«. Leaves with recurved ciliate margins. Bracteoles short. Calyxfully3 liues, with 2 or 3 riugs. Staminodia lanceolate 9. D. Oldfieldii. Leaves eutire. Bracteoles r\arrow. Calyx about 2 liues, with 5 or 6 rings. Stamiuodia filifcuiu 10. D. purparea. Leaves mostly opposite, obloug, i to ^ iu. long. Flowers 4 iu the head. Calyx smooth, with an obscure glandular ring . . . .II. D. citriodora. C. Flowcrs in terminal lieads or iu tlie ujiper axils, the floral leaves or bravts not very diflerent from the stem leaves. Lcavcs mostly opposite, liuear lanceolatc or falcate. Stems diffuse or prostiate. Leaves with revolute niargius. Flowers 4 to S in the head. Petals with uarrow coucavc coloured tips. Staminodia pro- miueutly glaudular 12. 2*. Ihymoides. Leaves triquetrous or latci-aliy tlattened. Flowers 2 to 4 iu the head. Pctals ovate. Stamiuodia stnaU aud subulate . . .13. D. taxifolia. Leaves crowded, uot opposite. Erect bushy shrubs. Leavcs obovate or oblong, often imbricate. Flowers distinctly pcdicellate, ofteu becoming lateral by the elongation of tlie shoot. Flowers numerous, scarcely 2 liucs long. Calyx narrow . . 14. D. vestita. Flowcrs few, nearly 4 liucs loug. Calyx broadly turbinate . 15. D. paaciflora. Leaves semiterete or triquetrous. Flowers sessile or uearly so, the heads always termiual. Calyx marked with umnei-ous rings of glaudrdar tubercles or papilla) 16- F>- diosmoides. Calyx 5-ribocd, othcrwise smooth 17- D.fascicularis. Section II. Schuermannia, /•'. Muell. — Calyx-lobcs as long as the iiclals, or louyer. 8 XLVIIl. MYKTACE.E. [Durwluid. Flowers in the a.ri/s of f/ie iipper leaves,few or formuKj coinpomd heuds or corymbs, or rarchj simple heads. riowers in deuse terminal simple lieads. luiicr bracts broad,thin, and colourcd, but short. Leavcs linear, slcnder, crowded. Staminodia broad \%. D. lumfoha. Flowers iu compouud hcads (conlracted corymbs). Leaves mostly opposite. Compound heads hcmispherical. Bracts ovate, colourcd, but shortcr than thc tlowers. Leavcs iinear or hinccolate, olten \ iii. k)ug:, with eiliatc cdges. Staminodia hiuccolate . . . TJ. I). sanjuiiiea. Compouud hcads smali, globular, withont colourcd bracts. Lcavcs triquctrous, about 1 line long. Staminodia minute . 20. B. inicropetala. Flowers iew in the upper axils. Caly.x ghtbrous. Leaves opposite. Leaveslincar-triquetrous. Flowers nearly sessile. Petals as loiig as thc ealyx-lobes. Ovules 2 2\. D. Schiiermaiiiti. Leaves obovate. Flowers pedicellate. Pctals half as h)ng as the calyx-lohes. Ovules 6 23. D. Thomasii. Llowers in broad leafy corymbs. Calyx heniispherical, softly villous. Leavcs opposite, iinear-triquetrous 22. D. verticordina. Section T. Genetyllis. — ealyx-lobes not exceeding lialf tlie length of tlu' pctnls, arid often very minute. Flowers in simple terrainal lieads, rarely l)ecoming- lateral by the elongation of the central axis. In the whole of this section the intiorcsccncc is quite simplc, — a rcduccd spike or raccmc, cach llower bcing ses.sile or very shortly pedicellate iu the axil of a lloral leaf or bract, witii a pair of concave braetcoles closc under tiie calyx. lu the tirst groui-«, comprising the lirst 7 specics, thc terminal shoot is wholly arrestcd, the flowers formiug a strictly terminal hcad ou a club-shapcd obovoid, globular, or broad and dislv-shaped rei.cptacle, the llor;d leavcs within thc head rednced to small scarious bra.cts, tliosc subtending thc extcrnal ilowers, with more or less of the stcm-leaves next to the hcad much eularged, coloured, and |)ctal-liiic, formiug a cani|)auulate or ovoid involucre complttely enclosing the tlowers. lu the secoiid nroup, compribiug the species 8 to ll,tlie flowci--lieads are as compact or nearly so, but the involucrcs are short, more or lcss spreading, and do not couceal tho tlowers. In thc Ihird, coinprising the specics 12 to 17, the heads are smallcr and looser, the tenuinal shoot ocea- sionallv orows out from the centre, the receptacle is but slightly thickened, the ilural lcavcs dilTer but littld from those of the stem, and tlie flowers are soinetimes pcdiccllatc, thus shovving the conncction with the axillary inlioresceuce of those specics of the following sec- tion, where it is simple. 1. D, macrostegia, Benlh. iu Jouni. Linn. Soc. ix. 179. — Erect, at- taiiiing 3 or 3 i't. l^eaves scattered, eliiptical-oblong or slightly cuneate, very obtiise, |^ to | in. long, with recurved entire margins. Involncres canipanulatc, ucarly \\ in. long, the pctal-Hke inuer bracts broadly obovatc, pale ycllow strcakcd Avith red, quite cntire, a few outcr oties shorter and redder, and 2 or 3 of the lowest passing into the stem-leaves. Flowers rnthcr uumcrous. Bracteolcs acuminate, as loug as the flowers, deciduous. Calvx-tubc marked in the adnate part with 10 promincnt ribs and transversely wriiikled betwecn them, the free part sinootii ; lobes very small, ol)ovatc. Pctals white, about \\ lines long. Stamens short ; staniinodia short, linear- chivate. Style nearly as long as the involucre, bearded towards the eud. Ovulcs 2. — Gfuetifllls niacroitegia, Turcz. in Bull. Mosc. 181-9, ii. 18 ; Kipp. in Jouru. Linn. Soc. i. 51 ; Hednroma tniijnfera, Liudl. iu Garchi. Chrou. 1854, 333 ; Geiieli/llis tulipifera, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 1858. Dancinia.'] XLVlli. myutacE/E. 9 VST. Australia, Drnmmond, ^th Coll. n. 40, 5M Coll. n. 97. Stirling niiige aiiil E. ^louut Barruii, Maxwell. 2. D. Hookeriana, Benlli. in Junm. Linn. Soc. ix. 179. — Very iicarly rcseinbles 7). macrodfgia, biit. is usiially smaller, more slender, and less twigoy. Leaves scattered, linear-oblong-, ^ to f in. long, witli recia'ved en- tire niargins. Involucrcs ovoid, about l^- in. long, the inncr bracts broadly oblong, of a uniform pinlc colour, or slightly white at the edge, and not streaked, the outer bracts short and recurved, but otherwise like the stem leaves. Flowers like those of D. macroslegia, but rather smaller, aud the base of the calyx-tube has only 5 or very rarely 6 or 7 prominent ribs, and is only sHghtly tubevcidate betweeu them. Stamens, staminodia, and style as in D. macroster/ia, or the style rather stouter. — Geneti/llis macrosteyia, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4860, not of Tiu'cz. ; G. HooJceriana, Meissn. iu Journ. Linn. Soc. i. 37. "^^. Australia, Brmnmond, hth Coll. n. 98 ; Maxwell. 3. D. fimbriata, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 179. — A bushy slirub of 1 to 2 feet. Leaves scattered, often crowded, oblong-elliptical, very ob- tuse, 2 to 3 bues, or on the main branches 4 lines long, the margins recurved and strongly ciliate-deuticulate. luvolucres ovoid, about |- iu. long or rather luore, the inner bracts petaloid, piuk, broadly obloiig or alniost cuneate and very obtuse, the outer oues short, broad, and squarrose but coloured, and all ciiiate. Flowers rather uumerous. Bracteoles rather shorter tluin the tlowers. Calyx about 3 lines long, without prominent ribs ; lobes minute or qiute inconspicuous. Petals triangidar, about 1 line long. Staminodia liliform, nearly as long as the tilaments. Styles thick, often as long as the involucre, shortly bearded towards tlie end. — Genetyllis Jimbriata, Kipp. iii Journ. Linn. Soc. i. 49 ; Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 5468. %V. Australia. Stirling rangc, E. cxtreniity, Drummond, ^ih Coll. n. 99. 4. D. speciosa, Bentli. in Joum. Linn. Soc. ix. 179. — K. small shrub with numerous short ascending or erect branches, not above 6 in. iu onr spe- cimens. Leaves all opposite, erect, narrow-oblong, obtuse, concave, 2 to 3 lines long, or rather more on the main stems. Livolucres ovoid, above 1 in. long, appareutly red ; innei' bracts ovate-obloug, entire, a few outer ones much shorter, but not squarrose. Bracteoles lanceolate, shorter than the calyx. Calyx 2 to 2^ lines long, the adnate part prominently 5-ribbed ; lobes lanceolate or acumiuate, often nearly half as long as the petals. Petals 1 to 1| lines long. Staminodia sinall. — Genetyllis speciosa, Meissu. iu Joiu-u. Linu. Soc. i. 36. ^V. Australia. Betwceii IMoore and Murchison rivers, Dnimmond, 6th CoU. n. 34. 5. D. Meissneri, Benth. in Joum. Linn. Soc. ix. 179. — An erect heath- like shrub. Leaves scattered, crowded, linear, mostly 3 to 4 lines long, convex underneath, but furrowed uext to the margin. Involucres broadly campanulate, f to above 1 in. long ; inner bracts ovate or ovate-oblong, shortly acuiuinate or raucronulate, apparently red, eutire ; outer oues short, ovate, with green leaf-like points. Flowers about 8 to 10 in the head. Bracteolgs narrow, often excecding the calyx. Calyx about 3 lines long, thc 10 XLViii. MYKTACEiE. [Dancinla. adnate part witliout promiiieiit ril)s, biit with a granular surface ; lobes ovate, not i line long. Petiils triangiilar, rathcr above 1 line. Staminodia small, Stvle variable in length. — GenetyUis Meimieri, Kipp. in Journ. Linn. Soc. i. 49. W. Australia. IMiddlc Mouut Barreu, Bnmmond, Mh Coll. n. 100, aud witli rathiT paicr smallcr iuvolucrcs, n. 101. 6. D. helichrysoides, Beuth. iu Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 179. — Slender and erect, often mider 1 ft. liigh. Leaves scattered, rather crowded, linear- triquetrous or seraiterete, spreading, 3 to 3 lines long. Involucres narrow, nearly 1 in. long ; bracts numerous, ovate-hinceolate, acute, mostly with a prominent midrib, the inner ones coloured, passing gradually into the short broad outer ones. Flowers aboiit 4 in the hcad. Bracteoles very broadly orbicular. Calyx above 3 lines long, the adnate part without prominent ribs, but the surface granular ; lobes broad, very obtuse, thicker than in any other species, streaky, and lialf as long as the petals. Petals about 1 line long. Staminodia rather thick, capitellate. — Genefyllis helichrysoides, Meissn. in Journ. Linn, Soc. i, 37. W. Australia. Betwecu jMoore and Murchisou rivers, Drummond, 6lk Coll. u. 35. 7. D. CEderoides, Benlh. in Joum. Linn. Soc. ix. 179. — Low and much branched. Leaves scattered, crowded, linear-triqLietrous or semiterete, spreading, 2 to 3 liiies long. Involucres ovoid, nearly 1 in. long, witli numerous linear or linear-lanceolate, imbricate bracts, the outer ones short and entire like the stem-leaves, passing gradually into the inner long eoloured ones, which are elegautly ciliate with rather long hairs. Flowers numerous, on a flat receptacle of 4 or 5 lines diameter. Bracteoles linear, ciliate. Calyx nearly 3 lines long, the adnate part obtusely 5-angled ; lobes very small. Petals at least l^ lines long. Staminodia slender. — GenelyUis oederoides, Turcz. in Bull. Mosc. 1849, ii. 18. W. Australia. Kiug George's Souud, M'Lean : Southeru districts ? Briimmoiid, m CoU. n. 41. 8. D. virescens, Benih. in Joitrn. Linn. Soc. ix. 179. — A decunibeiit shrub, thc bark of the young branches ratlier thick and white. Leaves scattered, crowdcd, linear, semiterete or triquetrous, obtuse, mostly 3 to 4 lines long. Plower-heads dense, hemispherical, often above 1 in. diaraeter. Involucral bracts numerous, but not exceeding the flowers, lanceolatc or ovate-lanceolate, searcely coloured, the inner ones narrower and shorter. Flovvers nmnerous, each on an exceedingly short tliick turbiuate pedicel, but the broad flat receptaclc not otherwise divided. Bracteoles ovate, shorter tium the flowers. Calyx about 4 lines long, the tube glandular aud obsciirely 5-ribbed; lobes ovate, scarious, about one-fourth the lengtli of tlie petals. lY'tals nearly 2 lines long, obtuse. Staminodia slightly clavate, — Genetyllis virescens, Meissn. in Journ. Linn. Soc. i. 38. ■^V. Australia. Betwcen Moore aud Murchisou rivcrs, Brummond, &th Coll. n. 3? ; Port Gregory, Oldfwld. 0. D. Oldfieldii, Benlh. in Journ. Jjinn. Soc. ix. 180. — Erect and biishy, atlaining 3 to 4 ft. Lcaves scattered, crowded, oblong, obtnse, Barwhiia.] xlviii. myiitace.e. 11 scarcely above 2 liiies I0112:, tlie mari,nus recurved, and shortly ciliate- denticulate. Flower-heads deuse, heuiispherical. luvolucral bracts uume- rous, not exceeding the tlowers, imbricate but squarrose, ovate, ciliate, more or less coloured. Flowers 10 to 13 or more. Bracteoles uarrow. Calyx fuUy 3 lines long, the adnate part not ribbed, granular at the base, and separated from the smooth free part by 2 or 3 rings of prominent glandular papillae ; lobes very small and scale-like. Petals ovate, nearly l^ lines long. Staiuinodia hinceolate. W. Australia. Alurchison river, Oldjield. Nearly allied to D. purpurca, but diifers iii its ciliate lea\ cs, larger flowers, shorter braets, fewer riugs to the calyx, etc. 10. D. purpurea, Bentli. in Joiirn. Linn. Soc. ix. 180. — Erect and rauch branched. Leaves scattered, crowded, aud ahnost imbricate, linear, obtuse, 1 to 2 lines long, convex underneath, fiat or concave above, the edges entire, or very miuutely denticuhxte-ciliate. Flowers nuraerous, iu deuse hemispherical heads. Invokicral bracts numerous, more or less coloured, imbricate, but somewliat spreadiug, ratlier longer than the flowers, the outer ones ovate, passing iuto the inner obovatc or spathulate ones. Bracteoles rather navrow. Calyx about 2 liues long, the adnate part 5-ribbed at the base, the upper half encircled by 5 or 6 rings of glanduhir papil[;e, the free part smooth ; lobes very small and scale-like. Petals about 1 liue loug. Stamiuodia filiform or slightly clavate. — Polyzone purpurm, Eudl. iu Auu. Wien. Mus. ii. 191 ; Genetyllis purpurea, Schau. Myrt. Xeroc. 27. t. 2 B. IV. Australia. lu theiuterior, /. S. Roe (Reri. Wien. Mus.J 11. D. citriodora, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 180. — A diffuse shrub of 1 to 2 ft., the young branches with 2 prorainent angles under the leaves. Leaves nearly opposite, from naiTow-oblong to almost ovate-lanceo- late, obtuse, 7 to ^ in. long, or louger on the main branches, the margius recurved or revolute. Flowers usiially 4, in small terminal heads ; involuere scarcely exceeding the flowers, consistiug usuaily of 4 outer leaf-like bracts, aud 4 inner ovate ones raore or less coloured. Bracteoles broad aud short. Calyx about 3 lines long, the adnate part obtusely 5-angled, with occasionally au obscure ring of glaudular papilke at the base of the sinooth free part ; lobes ovate, about half as long as the petals. Staminodia spathulate. — Genetyllis citriodorn, Endl. in Hueg. Euum. 47 ; Schau. Myrt. Xeroc. 31. t. 2 C, and in Pl. Pieiss. i. 97 ; Lledaroma latifotium, Lindl. Swan Riv. App. 7. t. 2B ; Genett/llis pimeleoides, F. Muell. Fragm. ii. 169, W. Australia. Swan River to King George's Sonnd, aud eastvvard to Cape Riehe, Baudin's Exipedition ; Hueffel ; Drummond, \st Coll. n. 148 ; Preiss, n. 2014, and others. 12. D. thymoides, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 180. Low, diffuse, slender, and much branched. Leaves mostly opposite, linear or lanceolate, obtuse, 3 to 4 iines loug, the margius revolute, the upper and floral ones somctiiues longer. Flowers sessile, 4 to 8 together in terminal heads, the outer bracts or floral leaves sometimes slightly cxceeding them but uot coloured ; inner bracts (withiu the head) very small aud narrow. Bracteoles very broad, nuich shorter thau the flovvers, and falling away very early. Calyx rather slendor, 2 to 3 liues loug, strougly 5-ribbed, otherwise smooth. 12 XI, VI II. MYUTACE.i^. {Dcirwinia. lobos nnrrow-ovate, scnircly ^ the length of the petals. Petals about 1 line loiig, rather narrow, coutave, with a cleep-coloured spot at tiie tip. 8taiiii- nodia linear-huiceolate, bordored by 3 to 5 proininent tubercuhir g-hnids. Stylc bcarded towards the end as in tlie other species, biit the hairs very deciduons. — Ilcdaroma thyiiioides, Lindh Swan lliv. App. 7 ; Gencli/llis tUy- moides, Schau. Mvrt. Xeroc. 33 ; Darwinia brevistyla, Turcz. in BuU, iMosc. 1847,1.155. "W. Australia. Swau Kiver, Druwmond, \st Coll., also n. 53 ancl l49, Zrd Coll. n. 23, Ath Coll. n. 42, 13. D. taxifolia, A. Cann. in Field N. S. Wules, 352. A straggling or decunibent shrub, or wlicn luxuriant ahnost arborescent. Leaves mostly oppo- site, linear-falcatc, triquctrous or hnterally compressed, acute, \ io \ in., or in very hixuriant speeiiueiis all above \ in. long, ahnost petiolate, the floral ones not eidarged. Flowers 2 to 4 together at tlie ends of the branehlets, not exceeding the leaves. Bfacteohis broad, acute, as long as the fiowers. Calyx 2^ lines long, prominently 5-ribbed, tlie adnate part sliglitly riigose between the ribs ; lobes very small and scale-lilie. Petals ovate, \ line long or rather more. Staaiinodia very small and subulate. — D. laxifolia, Scliau. Myrt. Xeroc. 38. N. S. Wales. Rocky declivitics of llie Bli.ic Moimtaius, A. Cunningltatn. Moist sandy licatbs bctvvcen Sydney and Sotith Ilcad, R. Broivn. Var. grancUilora. Calyx fully 3 lines loug, the lobes ucarly haU" as long as tlic petals. — Illawarra, Uerb. F. Mueller. Schauer was mistaken in supposiug that A. Cunniughani's specific name of taxifoUa was a inispriut; it vvas iuteuded to allude to the peculiar bifarious arraiigenieut of the Uaves iu luxuriant branches. 14. D. vestita, Benth. in Jonrn. Linn. Soc. ix. 180. Erect, busliy, with sliort aud rigid or long and virgate branches. Leaves scattered, niostly crowded, froin obovate or oblong to ahiiost linear, 1 to 2 lines long, almost imbricate on the smaller branches, concave above, strongly keeled underneath. Flowers on pedicels of about 1 line, in globular terminal uinbels or heads, becoming sometimes lateral verticils by the elongation of tlie central shoot, the tioral leaves like the stem ones or rather l)roader. Bracteoles nearly as long as the calyx, but very deciduous. Calyx not 2 lines long, tlie adiiate part 5-ril)bed, otherwise sinooth, the free part obscurely 10-ribbed; lobes very sniall and scale-like. Petals white, above 1 liiie long. Starainodia subu- hite, rather longer than the iihiments. Style not twice as long as the petals. — Genetyltis vestita, Endl. iii Ilucg. Enum. 47 ;" Schau. Myrt. Xeroc. 30 ; and in Pl. Preiss. i. 96. W, Australia. Kiug George's Souud, Baxler, Iliiegel, and otliers ; castward to Cape le Grand, 3l(i.cicf'll ; aiid theuce to Svvan Hiver, Preiss, n. 433; Drummond, Mli Coll. n. IGl, hlli Coll. n. 103; Cape Naturaliste, Olclfield. 15. D. pauciflora, Benth. in Journ. Linu. S(jc. ix. 180. Apparently tall andbushy, with nunierous short braiiches. Leaves scattered, erect or spread- ing, obovate or obloiig, very obtusc, 1 to 2 lines long, iinbricate on tlie smaller branches, coucave above, convex underneath, but scarcely keeled, usually glaucous, entire or slightly serrulate-ciliate ; tlie iioral ones siniihTr. Flowers shortly pedicellatc in the upper axils, eitiier formiiig a teriniiial head of 3 to Danvhiia.] XLViii. myrtace^. 13 (i, or more freqnently lateral by the elongation of the central shoot. Brac- teoles very broad, sliorter than the calyx, and very deciduous. Calyx-tube broadly turbinate, nearly 2 lines long, the adnate part 5-ribbed, othervvise smooth ; lobes very minute or scarcely conspicuous. Petals wliite, ovate, uearly as long as tlie calyx-tiibe, slightly serrulate. Staminodia slender. Style shortly cxceeding the petals, bearded under the broadly-capitate stigma. yjV. Australia. Between Monre ancl Murcliison rivers, Drummond^ ^th CoU. n. 38 ; S. Hutt River, Oldfield. Ncarly allicd to D. vestifa, but the few flovvers, broad calyx, aud large petals give it a very dilFerent aspeet. 16. D. diosmoides, Benih. m Joum. Linn. Soc. ix. 180. An erect bushy shrub of 2 or 3 feet, vvith the aspect of a heath or a Diosma. Leaves scattered, crowded, linear, semiterete or triquetroiis, tliick or slender, ol)tuse, 1 to 2 or rarely 3 lines long. Flowers numerous, in compact terminal glo- bular heads of 3 or 4 lines diameter, the floral leaves on the outside not dif- ferent from the stera ones. Bracteoles oblong-lanceolate, shorter than the calyx. Calyx about l^ lines long, the adnate part obscurely 5-ribbed, and covered nearly from the base by glandular papillce more or less distinctly arranged in 6 to 8 prorainent parallel rings, tlie free part short and smooth ; lobcs very sraall and scale-like. Pctals white, about f line long. Starai- nodia slender, about as long as the filaments. Style exserted. — Qenelyllis diosmoides, DC. Prod. iii. 209, and ]\Iera. Myrt. t. 2 (iucorrect as to the stamens) ; Schau. Myrt. Xeroc. 28. t. 2 A (the staminodia too broad), and in Pl. Preiss. i. 96; G. Brummondii, Turcz. iu Bull. Mose. 1847, i. 155 (a short-leaved forra). ■^V. Australia. Common iu rocky places and on tlie seacoast at King George's Sound and adjoining districts, R. Brown and others, Drummond, Mh Coll. n. 22, ^th Coll. suppf. n. 21 ; Freiss, n.. 223. Genetijllis affinis, Turcz. in Bu!l. Mosc. 1847. i. 155 is said to ditfer in the calyx quite smooth, but in Drummond's specimens, 4th Coll. n. 21, quoted by him, it has certaiuly the parallel rings of the species. 17. D. fascicularis, Eudge in Trans. Linn. Soc. xi. 299. t. 22. An erect much-branched heath-like shrub. Leaves scattered, often cro-\vded, linear, slender, seraiterete or ol)tusely triquetrous, subulate-pointed, mostly 4 to 5 Jines long, shortly petiolate, thc floral ones not different or slightly longer. Flowers about 6 to 12 together iu terminal heads within the last leaves. Bracteoles narrow and short. Calyx slender, not 3 lines loivj;, the adnate part prominently 5-ribbed, otherwise smooth ; lobes very small and scale-like. Petals broad, about ^ line long. Staniinodia short and filiform. Style long and slender. — Schau. Myrt. Xeroc. 36. t. 2 D. N. S. 'Wales. Port Jackson, E. Broicn aud others. Cnjptostemon ericaus, ¥. Muell., published by Miquel iu Nedcrl. Kruidk. Arch. iv. 115, from F. Mueller's dcscription taken from a garden spccimen of a N. S. Wales plant of which no specinien is prcserved, is most probably Darwinia fascicularis, with which the descrii)- lion agrees in every rcspect exccpt that the stamiuodia are not mentioned. These, however niay well have beeu overlooked. Francisia, Eudl. Gcn. PI. 1220, proves froni the inves- tigatiou of Dr. Feuzl to have been established on a drawing of Ferd. Bauer's, n. 122fi, re- presenting D. fisricularis, tlie stamcns by some error, possibly of the press, bcing described as 20 instead of 10. 14 xiAiii. MYRTACEiE. [Danciiua. Section II. SciiuERMANNiA, F. Muell. Fragrn. iv. 57. {Schnermannia, probably frora a typograplucal {'rror.)— Calyx-lobes as lonj? as tlie petals or longer. Plowers iii tlie axils of the uppcr leaves, few, or forming conipound heads or corymbs, or rarely simple heads. 18. D. pinifolia, Betith. in Journ. Limi. Soc. ix. 181. Erect and much-branclu-d, closely resenibling D . fascicularis in habit, foliage, and inflo- rescence, but with very different calyx and staminodia. Leaves scattered, crowded, linear, slender, semiterete or triquetrous, acute or mucronate, often \ in. long, attenuate at the base but not petiolate. Flowers in dense termi- nal heads, the outer floral leavcs like those of the stem, the bracts Avithin the heads shorter, broader, and thin. Bracteoles ovate-oblong or spathuhite, shortcr tlian the flowers, Calyx slender, nearly 3 lines long, the a(biate part 5-ribbed, the free part broader and 10-ribbed ; lobes broadly ovate, about the same k-ngth and consistence as the broad obtuse petals. Staminodia broadly obluse, more or less outside the stamens. — Hedaromt pinifolium, Lindl. Swan Riv. App. 7 ; Genelyllis pinifolia , Scliau. ilyrt. Xeroc. 34. V^. Australia. Swan River, ilyJne. 19. D. sanguinea, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 181. Apparently diff^use. Leaves opposile, often crowded, linear-oblong or lauceohite, 2 to 3 lines long, witli rather thin recurved ciliohite margins. Flov/ers erowded in a deuse terminal hemispherical compouud head of ^ to 1 in. diameter, con- sisting of several partial heads of about 4 flowers each. Bracts or floral leaves ovate, usiially colom-ed, but shorter than the flowers. Bracteoles very broad, mucrouuLate, shorter than the calyx. Calyx aboiit 3 liues long, the adnate part prorainently 5-ribbed and granuhar-tubcrcuhnte between the ribs ; lobes cordate-ovate, nearly 1 line long. Petals ovate, about as long as tlie calyx-lobes. Staminodia lanceohate. — Genetyllis sanguinea, INIeissn. in Journ. Linn. Soc. i. 38. ^V. Australia. Between Moore and Murchison rivers, Drutnnwnd, 6(// CoU. n. 36. 20 D. micropetala, Benih. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 181. Erect and bushy, with slender liranches. Leaves opposite or alternate, not crowded, linear, triquetrous, obtuse, 1 or rarely 2 lines long, the floral ones rather larger but scarcely otherwise difterent. Flowers in small terminal eouipound ahnost globular heads, 2 to 4 together in each partial head. Bracteoles nearly as long as the flowers. Calyx about ] ^ lines loug, the adnate part of the tube 5-ribbed, otherwise smooth ; lobes petal-like, and as loug as or rather longer than the petals. Staminodia very minute. Style not twice as long as the petals. Ovules 4. — Genetyllis micropetala, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 12. S. Australia. Kangaroo Island, Bannier. 21. D. Schuermanni, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 181. Procum- bent and mueh branclicd. Leaves opposite, linear, triquetrous, sliortly acute or mucronulate, g- to |- in. long, the floral ones not different. Flowers soli- tary in the upper axils of short branehlets, on very short pedicels. Brac- teoles broad, about as long as the calyx. Calyx nearly 4 lines long, the ad- nate part prominently and ol)tusely 5-ribbed, otherwise smooth ; lobcs lan- ceolate, petal-hke, about the h^ngth of the ovate petals. Staminodia subulate. Darwinia.'] XLViii. myrtace^. 15 Style lons^. Ovules 2. — Schiermannia homoranthoides, P. Muell. in Linnsea, XXV. 387 ; GenetyHis Schuermanni, Y. Muell. rnigm. i. 12. S. Australia. Ncar Boston Point, Port Lincoln, Wilhelmi. 22. D. verticordina, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 181. Eroct and densely busliy. Leaves opposite, linear, semiterete or triquetrous, mostly about 3 bnes long. Flowers in the npper axils of the short branchiets fonning a dense flat-topped leafy coryml), the pedicels 1 to 2 lines long. Calyx-tubc hemispherical, l^ lines diameter, softly pubescent, more villous at the base witli a dense ring of white hairs as in many species of Verticorclia ; lobes ovate, scarious, nearly 2 lines long, veiy shortly and irregularly denticuLnte- ciliate. Petals ovate-lanceolate, ratlier sliorter than the calyx-lobes en- tire, scarious with a broad dark-coloured central line. Stamens uuited for nearly 1 line above the calyx-tube ; staminodia lanceolate-subidate, formiiig a distinct outer series. Style very long. Ovules 2. — Chamcelaucimi verti- cordinum, F. Muell. Fragm. iv. 57 ; Ferticordia integrisepalu, F. Muell. Herb. W. Australia. Rocks oear Cape le Grand, Maxwell, to tlie eastward of Kiug George's Souiid, Baj-ter. Altliough tliis plaut has, as observed by F. ]\Iueller, the calyx-tube, and sorae other cha- racters of Verticordia, yet, on the whole, he appears to have referred it more correctly to his scotion Schuerinannia, at first proposed as a distinct genus, thcn reduced to Genetyllis, atid aftcrwards transferred to Chamalaucium. The anthers and ovary are those of Dar- winia {Genetyllis), and not of Chamcelaucium, and the affinity with the former genus is stiJl further indicated by the reniarkably long style which is conimon in Barwinia, rare iu Yerticordia, aud unknown in Cliamcelaucium. 23. D. Thomasii, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 181. Slender and somewhat glaucous. Leaves opposite, obovate-falcate, very oblique, the midrib near the shorter edge, and terniinating in a short recurved point or acute angle, the floral ones not difterent. Flowers large, pink, on pedicels of 3 lines or more in the upper axils. Bracteoles persistent, almost petal-like, obtuse, with a sharp point about 3 liues long. Calyx-tube rather narrow, about as long as the bracteoles ; lobes petal-Iike, obovate-oblong, about 2 lines long, niiuutely denticulate. Petals orbicular, entire, about half as long as the calyx-Iobes. Stamens shorter than the petals ; anthers globular, the cells opening in oblong pores ; staminodia rather shorter, adnate at the base to the iilaments of the petaline stamens. Style twice as long as the calyx, shortly bearded below the stigma. Ovules 6. — Chanicelauciim Thomasii, P. Muell. Fragm. iv. 137. t. 30. Queensland. Sandstone couutry, head of Capc River, Bowman. 3. HOMORANTHUS, A. Cunn. Calyx-tube narrow, the adnate part 5-ribbed; lobes 5, subulate, longer than the petals. Petals 5, entire. Stamens 10, alternating with as many staminodia, and united with them very shortly at the base in a single ring. Anthers globular, opening in 2 minute pores near the scarcely promineut connective. Ovary 1-ceIled, with about 4 ovnles inserted on a short basal placenta. Style exserted, bearded towards the end ; stigma terminal, minute. 1 G X LY 1 1 1 . M Y Ri A c E/E. [ HonioranlkuH. Fruit . . . — Slinib. Leaves opposite. Flowers 2 to 4 togetlier at the ends of the branehes. The gcnus is limitcd to a singie spccics, oniy difFering from DarvAnia in thc subulate caiyx- lobes. 1. H. virgatus, A. Cnnn. in Sc/iait. Myrt. Xeroc. 41. t. 3 A. Spreading or difiiise, closely reseniljling Darwinia taxifolia in aspect. Leaves liuear, slender, triquetrous, often falcate, obtuse or shortly acute, ^^- to -g- in. long, the lioral ones not different. Flowers 2 to 4 together at the ends of the branches, nearly sessile. Eracteoles broad, concave, keeled, scarious, enclosing the young bnd but falling off long before the fiower expands. Calyx-tube 2\ lines long, prominently 5-ribbed, and the adnate part somewliat rugose between tlie 'ribs. Petals broad, about f iiiie long. Staminodia filiform. Ovides in all the flowers examined 4, according to Schauer 4 to 8. Style not very long. — H.Jlatescens, A. Cunn. in Schau. 1. c. 40. t. 3 B. Queensland. Islands of Moreton Bay, A. Cininwgham, Fraser, F. Mueilcr. W. S. TVales. Forest lands skirtiug Liverpool Plaius aud Mohe's Ri\ ulet bclow "\Vel- lington Yalley, A. Canningham ; Cape Brown, 0. Moore. I cau discover no diiference whatever between the two supposed species. 4. VERTICORDIA, DC. (Chrysorrhoc, Lindl.) ^ Calyx-tube hemispherical turbinate or rarely cylindrical, the adnate part 5 or 10-ribbed, or smooth ; lobes 5, spreading, deeply divided into digitate pectinate or ciliate lobes, or into numerous long, simple, hair-like lobes or cilia, with, iu some species, accessory lobes, alternating with and outsidc tlie prineipal ones, scarious, reflexed on the tube, with long cilia turned up again from the base of tlie calyx ; occasionally also 5 herbaceous appendages rcllcxcd on tlie tube \inder the primary lobcs. Petals 5, entire fringed or digitate. Stamens 10, alternating with as many staminodia, more or less united at the base in a ring or broad tube in a single row, or the stamiuodia Avhen broad forming an outer series ; anthers either globular and 2-porose, as in Danvinia, or with 2 parallel cells opening in longitudinal slits, as in Chamalaucinm. Ovarv 1-celled, either with 2 or 4 ovules on a small excentric phicenta, or about 8 or 10 on a more or less peltate plaeenta. Style included or sliortly exserted, rarely elongated ; stigma lerminal, snudl, or capitale or peltate. Pruit furnicd by the hardened base of the slightly-cnhirged persistcnt calyx. Seed usually solitary, testa very thin ; embryo consisting of a homogcneous mass of the shape of the seed, with a slender neck lying along the flattened apex, cntire or perhaps divided at the poiut into two niinute cotylcdons. — Shrubs with iisually a heath-like or Diosma-like aspect, glabrous except the cilia on the edges of the leaves. Leaves small, opposite or rarely (in V. serrala) alternate, entire. Flowers usually pedicellate in the upper axils, forming often broad terminal leafy corymbs, or simple leafy spikes or raeemes below the ends of the branches ; the elegantly plumose radiating calyx-lobes often coloured, the floral lcaves resembliug the upper stem-leavcs, but in some species all tlie upper lcavcs short, l)road, and concave, whilst the lower ones are slender and triqnetrous. J^racteoles thin and scarious, folded over cacli other or cnclosing Veriicordia.] XLViii. myrtace^.. 17 the flower-bnd, but very (leciduous, ov rarely connate at the base and persis- tent, the keel often terminating in a point at or below tlie apex, very variable in length even in the same species. The genus is limited to Australia. It is characterized by the calyx. Tii othcr respects the tirst section has the charactcrs of IJane/j/ia, the second those of Chamfrlu/ichi/n. Iii the few sccds which I have scen ripe I conld find no notch in Ihe sl'Midcr cnd of the eni- bryo, aud it is tbcreforc still unccrtaiu whether that or the thick houiogcneous niass is the radicular eud. Skction 1. Euverticordia. — Anihers nearl/j glob//lar, openinff in 2 almost dorsal po)-es ; conneciive eiiher s/nall and inconspicuo/is or more or less thickened or produced into a concave or hoodud appendage, co//cealing thepores. Ovules 2 or rarely 4 or 1, on a smalt or sialk-like placenta. A. Calg.r-t/tbe narrow, ^-ribhed, glahro/ts ; Iob/;s 5, erect ; with 'i to ^ long simple hair-Iike dicisions. Flowers smali, in umbel-like corj'mbs, thc lloral kavcs reduccd to small bracts \. V. WiU/ehnii. B. Cah/.v-t/(be hemispherical, smooih or ribhed, jmbesceni or iviih a t//ft of spreadinri hairs round the hase ; primary lobes 5, spreading, deeply divided into 5, 7, or rarely 9 linear vr subulaie pectinate-ciliate digitate lobes. Petals entire deniiculate or ciliate. Co)/nective s/nall. Calyx-lobes contracted into a short broad claw, the tube hirsute with long luiirs at the base, glabrous or pubescent above. Flovvers white or pink. Leaves rather slender 2. V. densiflora. Flowcrs yellow. Leaves very short and thick ^. V. siell/digera. Calyx-lobes digitate from the base. No staminodia. Flowers very small 4. F. min/diflora. Staminodia linear. Divisions of the calyx-lobes flat and scarious, pectinate-piu- natilid ; tube pubesceut all ovcr. riowers white or pink. Style scarcely exserted .... 5. F. Fontanesii. Flowcrs yellow. Style very long 6. T. helichrysantha. Divisions of the calyx-lobes subulate, the pcctiuate cilia long. Calyx-tube hirsute oidy with a ring of hairs at the base, otherwise glabrous. Flowers very numcrous, in broad termiual leafy corymbs, often pedunculate. Leaves small, obovate or obloug 1. V. Brownii. Lcavcs lincar, triquetrous, slendcr 17. V. pohjiricha. Caiyx-tube hirsutc all over. Flowers very small in the u])per axils of the deusely-tufted brauches. Leaves linear, triqnetrous 8. F. conferia. Staminodia lanceolate, petal-hke, fringed 9. F. Harveyi. C. Caly.r-t/ihe t/irbinate or hemisphe/-ical, glabrous, primary lobes 5, spreading, deeply anddigiiaiely divided inio 5, 7, or rarely 9 lincar or s/tb/ilate peclinaie-ciliate lobes. Con- nective thicke//cd and us/ially prod/iced inio a concave appe/idage. Flo/vers yellow. Petals deeply fringed. Staminodia fringed. Corymbs smali, few- flowered. Bracteoles persistent 10. Y.fimbrilepis. Petals rigid, denticulate. Stamiuodia entire. Corymbs broad, many-flowered. Bracteoles very deciduous. Leaves serrulate-ciliate. Staminodia broad. Connective-appen- dage short 11. F'. serraia. Leaves entire. Stamiuodia subulate. Connective-appendage large and hood-shaped 12. F. nitens. Petals digitately divided into 5, 7, or 9 rigid subulate lobes. Stamiuodia oblong or lanceolate. Bracteoles persistent. VOL. IJI. C ]8 XLviii. MYRTACEiE. {Verticordia. Connective-aijpemlagc larire, witli 2 horns turned ilown ovcr the cells. Staminoilia variously toothcd or friugcd . . .13. V. grandijlora. Connectivc-ap])endagc short, not horued. Staminodia entirc. Stcm-lcavcs linear-triquetrous, rigid, oftcn ahove \ in. long. riowers Ilw, hirgc li. F. chrysantha. Stem-leavcs slcudcr, those of the corj-mh often small and ovate. Flowcrs numcrous, small 15. F. Preissii. Staminodia ciliate or fringed 10. T. acerosa. D. CahjT-tule with a ring of loncj hairs at the base, otherwise glalrons, jnibescent, or shortly villous ; primary lobes 5, spreading or partially rejlexed ; divided into numerous subulate or hair-like lobes or long cilia. Connective small. Divisions or cilia of the calyx-lohes all horizontally spreading. Flowers very smali. Stems ercct. Flowers iu hroad dcnse leafy corymhs, often pcdunculatc. Petals siightly ciliate 17. V. polytricha. Stems procunihcut. Petals cutire 18. F. demissa. Latcral divisious or ciha of the calyx-lohes outerraost in imhrication, iiiorc or less rcflexcd ou the calyx-tube (but without real ac- cessory retlcxcd lohes). Stems diffuse or prostratc. Style vcry long. Pctals entirc. Style glahrous 19. F. humilis. Petals ciliatc. Style hcarded at thetop with longpurple hairs 20. V. jjenicillaris. Stems erect. riovverscorymbose. Petals fringed with liue cilia. Staminodia cutirc. Stignia capitate 21. V. mvltijlora. Stamiuodia fringcd. Stigma hroadly pcltate 22. V. Huegelii. E. Calyx with 5 spreading jwimary lobes, either digitate vAth pectinate divisinns or divided into very numerons hair-like lobes, and 5 accessory lobes, alternating icith the jmniary ones on the outside, very thin aiid scario7is, closely rejlexed on the tube, divided into nnmerous fne cilia, and turned up again froni ihe base of the titbe. Connective small. Lower leaves laterally comjncssed or triquetrous. Staminodia fringcd or cihate. Flowers rathcr large. Pctals fringed 23. V. insignis. Plowers rathcr small. Petals eutire 24. 7'. habruntha. Stamiuodia suhulate, eutire. Flowers rathcr large, numcrous, in a hroad corymb. Hair-like divisious of the calyx exceedingly uuracrous. Pctals fringcd witli numcrous loug cilia. Slylc straight, glabrous . . . 25. Y. monadelj)ha. Plowers few, in sniall corymbs, or in the nppcraxils. Divisions of tlie sprcadiug calyx-lobes fcw, ciliatc. Petals fringed at llic cud witii a fcw irrcgular lobes. Style bent and bearded towards the end 2G. V. Lehmanni. Section 2. Catocalypta. — Anthers ovoid or oblong, with 2paraIIel cells, adnate to a more or less thickened connective, and ojjening hi longitudinal slils. Oviiles several, usually 8 or 10, in 2 rows^ on an obliquely jieltate, oblong or rarely stalk-iike jdacenta. A. Calyx-lobes 5, sjjreading, without rejlexed accessory lobes or herbaceous appendages. JRacemes sliort, mostly termitial, almost corymbose. Leaves linear-triquetrous orseniiterete. Leaves mostly \ in. long, or niore. Lateral cilia of tlie calyx-lobes rellexed on thc tube. Pctals friuged or denticukite, shorter thau the calyx-segmcuts 27. V. Cunninghamii. Leaves mostly under \ in. Calyx-lobes without reflexed divisions or cilia. Pctals eutire, longer tiian the calyx-lohes 28. V. picta, Leaves mostly 1 to 2 liucs long. Lateral cilia of the calyx-lobcs rc- llexed on the tuhc 29. F. pennigera. B. Calyx-lohes 5, spreading, withoui reflexed accessory lobes, but with 5 herbaceous Voilcordia.'] XLvili. myktace.^. 19 reJleTcd afpendages oii the tnhe under tlie segments. Flowers nsiialli/ forming ollong racemes or spikes hehno ihe ends of the hranches. Leaves small. Leavcs lincar or lanccolatc, scrrulate. Calyx-appcndages shortcr than broad, sometimcs scarcely conspicuons 29. F. pennigera. Leavcs obovate or oblong, not 2 lines long. Calyx-appeudagcs ovatc, usually half as long as thc tube. Lcaves spreading or loosely imbricate 30. V. Dritmmondii. Lcaves closcly appressed and inibricate 31. V.pholidophjlla. C. Cahjx-Iohes 5, spreading, with suhnlate plumose divisions, 5 accessonj lohes outside and alternating with the primary ones, thin and transparent, refexed on the tuhe,fringed or densely ciliate and turned np again from the hase of the tiihe, and 5 herhaceous re- fle.red appendages on the tuhe nnder the spreading lohes. Flowers formhig racemes or spiJces below the ends of the branches or rarely short terminal racemes. Leaves ohovate or orhicular, vsually glaucous. Leavcs mostly about 1 line long, closely imbricatc. Reflexed accessory calyx-lobcs ovate-laneeolate, fringed with long cilia. Petals with long cilia 32. V. spicata. Reflexed accessory calyx-lobes orbicular, shortly fringed. Petals entire or scarcely deuticuhite 33. V. lepidophglla. Leaves obovate, mostly keelcd, 2 to 3 lincs long. Herbaceous calyx- appcndagcs very short and broad. Flowcrs white or pink, in short racemes 34. V. ovalifolia. Leaves obovate or orbicular, 2 to 3 lines long. Herbaceous calyx- appeudages half as h)ug as the tube. Flowers yellow, in long racemes bclow the cnds of the branches 35. V. chrysostachya. Lcavcs orbicular, 3 to 4 lines long. Flowers large, red or blue. Pluniose divisioris of the sprcading calyx-Iobcs white and scarious. Petals friuged with long cilia 3fi. V. oculata. Plumose divisions of the spreading calyx-Iobes hair-likc and purple or red. Petals bordered by short tceth . ....... 37. V. grandis. Sectiox 1. EuvERTicoRDiA. Antliers ucarly globular, opeuiug iu two almost dorsal pores ; counective eitlier small and iucouspicuous, or more or less thickened, or produced iuto a coucave or liooded appendage coucealiny the pores. Ovules 2 or rarely 4 or 1, ou a small or stalk-like placenta. This section, w^ith thc anthcrs and ovary of Darunnia and Ilomoranthus, is only distin- guishcd from them by the calyx. A. Calyx-tul)e narrow, 5-ribbed, glabrous ; priniary lobes 5, erect, each divided into 3 to 5 long, simple, hair-like lobes. This single species differs from all others of the genus in inflorescence and thc shape of the calyx, and in its lobes forms an approach to those of Momoranthus. 1. V. Wilhelmii, -F. Muell. in Trans. Vict. Inst. 122. Erect and busliy. Leaves liuear, semiterete or triquetrons, slender, obtuse or mucro- nulate, 2 to 3 liues long, crowded on thc smaller shoots. Flowers small, in small deuse terrainal corymbs on very short pedicels, the floral leaves in the coryuib all reduced to small bracts. Bracteoles very thin aiul deciduous. Calyx-tulK' naiTOW, above 1 line loug, 5-ribbed, glandular-rugose between the ribs, lobes 5, erect, thiu, short, audbroad, termiuatiug in 3 or 5 long hair-like divisious, the raiddle ones excceding the petals. Pctals ovate-oblong, eutire, about 1 line long. Staraens very sliort with sniall globular authers, the cou- nective uot prominent. Staminodia miuutc, subulate. Style exserted, c 2 20 XLViii. MYRTACE.E. [VcrticorJiu. slcnder, bcardcd towards tlic cnd. Ovnlcs 2 or 4, onc of (licni speedily enlarging. S. Australia. ]5oston Poiiit, Port Lincoln, Wilfielmi. B. Calyx-tnbe licmisplierical, smoolh or ribl)ed, pnbcsccnt or witli a tuft of sprcading hairs ronnd thc base; priniary k)bes .5, sprcading, deeply di- vided into 5, 7, or rarely 9 linear or subulatc pcctinatc-ciliatc digitatc lobes. Petals entire dcuticulate or ciliate. Conuective small. This jjrou]) has the calyx-tube of U. with the segmeuts of C. 2. V. densiflora, Lindl. Swan Riv. App. 6. Ercct and bushy, attaining 2 or 3 ft. Leaves linear, scmitcrete or triquetrous, sleudcr, \ to \ in. long, crowdcd on the short side-branches so as to form axillary tufts as in V. Fontanesii, but usually niore reinote on the main stems, tlie floral ones in the corymb often hinceolate. Elowers white or pink, on pediccls rarely exceeding 2 lines, in dense terminal leafy corymbs, usually peduncuhxte. Calyx-tube hemispherical, hirsute with long hairs at the base only, primary lobes 5, spreading to 4 or 5 lines in diameter, each one contracted at thc base into a broad ciliate claw, and divided to. below the middle into 3 or 5 pectinate- ciliate digitate lobes. Petals short, nearly orbicuhir, fringed with numerous cilia. Stamens very shortly united ; anthers globuhu', 2-porose ; counective small. Staminodia lanceokite-sidjuhxte, entire, slightly ghxndular. Ovules 2 (or 1?). Style exserted, bearded towards the end. — Schau. Myrt. Xeroc. 50, and in Pl.' Preiss. i. 98. IV. Australia. Swan Rivcr, Drummond, \st Coll. v. 174; Preiss, n. ISO; Black- wood rtiver, Oliljichl ; Salt Kiver and south coast, Ma.rwell. V. ccpspitosa, Turcz. in BuU. Mosc. 1847, i. 157, described froni Gilbert's spccinicns, n. 830, which I have not seen, appears, froni the character given, to bc the same as V. densijlora. 3. V. stelluligera, Mnssn. in Journ. Linn. Soc. i. 38. Vcry near F. densijlora, but the broadcr lcavcs and small corymbs of yellow flowers give it a very ditfcrent aspect. Bi'anches divaricate, slendcr. Leaves from linear- triquetrous to oblong and concave, very obtuse, rarely 3 lines long. Plowers sraall, yellow, in numerous sraall but deuse leafy corymbs, often peduncuhntc. Calyx-tube hemispherical, hirsutc with long hairs at the base only, contracted at the top ; primary bbcs 5, scarcely sprcadiug to 3 lines diameter, cach con- tracted into a sliort broad chnw and divided into 3 or 5 liucar Hat but pec- tinatc digitate lobes. Petals ovate, shorter than the calyx-lobes, fringed with finc cilia. Stamcns and hinccolatc-subuhite staunnodia of F. densijlora. Style exserted, bearded towards thc cud. Ovule 1. ■W. Australia. Betwccu Moorc and Murchisou rive)'s, Drummond, (ilh Coll. n. .50. 4. V. xninutiflora, I. j\Iiiell. Fragm. iv. 58. Erect and bushy, with the habit of V. Fontanesii, but niorc slender, with smaller finer lcaves, much snialler flowers, and no staminodia. Lcaves lincar, semitcretc or triquctrous, sleuder, obtuse, 2 to 3 lincs long, crowded on the short lateral branches. Elowers vcry small on vcry short pediccls, in small tcrminal leafy corymbs, or in the upper axils. Bracteolcs ovate, more persistent than iu thc allied species. Calyx-tube ovoid-globular, hirsute, scarcely above ^ line long; primary lobes 5 ; spreading scarccly to a diameter of 2 lines, digitately Verticordia.] XLViii. myrtace.k. 21 dividccl from iioiir the bnse iuto 3 or 5 wliite scarious lobes bordcretl l)y a few long- scarious cilia. Petals ovate, entire, as long as tlie calyx-lobes. Stamiual (lisk truncate, with 10 short etiuidistant stameus, and no stamiuodia ; autliers o-Iobular, 2-porose, the coiinective slightly prominent. Ovules 2 (or 1 ?). Style tiliform, slightly bearded towards the eud. Vir. Australia. Towards the Great Bight, Ma.vwell. 5. V. Fontanesii, DC. Frod. iii. 209. Erect and bushy, attaii-ing 3 or 4 tt. Leaves liuear, semiterete or triquetrous, usually sleude"', obtuse or mucro- uate, 3 to 4 liues long, and densely crowded on the short hiteral shoots, rarely looser and ^ iu. long, or short, thick, and closely decussate. Flowers white or innk, on sleuder pedicels, rarely above ^ in. loug, in terminal leafy corymbs or rouuded deuse panicles, close above the stem-Ieaves or shortly peduneulate. Calyx-tube hemispherical, without prominent ribs, densely and softly hirsute all over, the adnate partaud ovary exceedingly short ; primarylobes 5, spread- iug to a diauieter of 3 to 4 lines in the common form, divided uearly to the base iuto about 5 or 7 digitate, linear, but flat and scarious lobes, pectinate- ciliate or pinDatifid, or sometimes toothed ouly towanls the cnd. Petals ob- long or ovate, as long as the calyx-Iobes, slightly pubescent, entire or slightly ciliate towards the base. Stamens shortly united ; anthers globular, 2- porose, the conuective inconspicuous ; staminodia oblong-linear, obtuse, glandular. Ovules 2 or 4. Style filiform, scarcely exserted, moie or less bearded towards the end. — Schau. Myrt. Xeroc. 47, aud in PI. Preiss. i. 98 ; Chanuclauciinn jjlumosum, Desf. in Meni. Mus. Par. v. 42. t. 4 ; Verlicordia Sieberi, Diesing in Schau. Myrt. Xeroc. 49. VIT. Australia. King George's Sound aud adjoining districts, A. Cunningham and olhers ; Dri(i)nuo>id, 2rd CoU. n. 30, Preiss, n. 172, l^^. Var. yrandijlora. Calyx-tube wilh shorter liairs ; lobes spreading to about \ in. diameter • — Druunnond, hth Coll.n. 110. Var. (?) parvijlora. riowers suiall, the petals ovate-lauceolate. — Lucky Bay, R. Brown. C^. V. helichrysantha, F. Muell. Ilerb. An erect shrub, with the habit, foiiage aud intiorescence of tlie large-flowered variety of V. Fontaneui, but the tiowers appear to be yellovv anil the style much longer. Leaveslinear, semiterete or triquetrous, very obtuse, 2 to 4 liues long, crowded on the smaller shoots. Flowers on pedicels as long as the leaves, in small, terminal, leafy corymi)s, or in the upper axils. Calyx-tube hemispherical, scarcely ribbed, softly liirsute all over ; primary lobes 5, spreading to nearly \ iu. diameter, each one digitately divided iuto 5 or 7 linear, flat, scarious, pectinate-ciliate lobes. Petals ovate-obloug, eutire, pubescent, as long as the calyx. Stamens and staminodia of V. Funtaueui. Style subulate, f in. long, shortly bearded towards the eud. Ovules 2. W. Australia. Phillips Range and Cape Riche, Maxwell. 7. V. Brownii, DC. Prod. iii. 209. Erect, bnshy, and much branched. Leaves obovate or oblong, very obtuse, keeled or triquetrous, mostly 1 to l^ liues long, almost imbrieate and decussate on the short barren lirauches. Flowers small, on pedicels of 1 to 2 lines, and very numerous, in deuse, broad, terminal, leafy coryml)s, more or less peduucnlate. Braeteoles distinet. Calyx-tube hemispherical or almo&t disk-shaped, contracted at the top, not 22 XLViii. MYRTACE/E. [Verllcordla . ribbed, glabrous, except a ring of spreatliiig hairs rouud tlie base; priraary lobes 5,spreadiiig to about 3 liiies diameter, deeply divided iuto about 7 loug hair-like lobes, all |M;ctiiiately friuged by long cilia chiefly below the iiiiddle. Petals shorter than the calyx-lobcs, orbicuhir, eutire or obscurely dcuticuhite, ghbrous, couuiveut. Stameus very shortly uuitcd iu a ring ; anthers globuhu-, 2-porose, with a siuall counective ; staraiuodia lauceolatc-liuear, glanduhu' inside. Ovule usually 1. Style sliortly esserted. — Schau. Myrt. Xeroc. 52 ; ChamcBlauclum Brownii, Desf. in Mem. Mus. Par. v. 271. t. 19. ^V. Australia. Lucky Bay (Cape Le Grand), R. Brown ; ranges to the eastward ol' Kiug George's Sound, Baxler, Mcuwell, Lrummond n. 17C, hth Coll. «. 50. 8. V. conferta, Benth. Rigid aud erect, witli uumerous short brauches, forming a^)pareut]y a low, dense, tiat-topped bush iu Drummond's specimens, with more of tlie habit of V. Hurcei/i iu MaxweU's. Leaves liuear, semiteretc or triquetrous, obtuse, mostly 2 to 3 lines long, all densely crowded. Flowers very small, on very short pedicels iii the upper axils. Calyx-tube scarcely above \ line long, 10-ribbed, shortly hirsute ; primary lobes 5, spreading to little more than 2 lines diaraeter ; each oue deeply divided iuto 3 or 5 subu- late, raore or less pectiuate-ciliate lobes, with a few siinple cilia. Petals ovate, obtuse, entire, rather tirm aud ghibrous, or scarcely pubescent. Sta- miuid disk very broad ; fdaments short ; anthers globose, 2-porose, with a scarcely promineut connective ; staminodia subulate, slender. Ovule 1 (or 2?). Style exserted, subulate, bearded or giabrous. TV. Australia^ Brumjnond, hth Coll. n. 114 ; swampy places, near E. Mouut J3arreu, Ma.vwell. 9. V. Harveyi, Benth. Erect, with slender brauebes, ofteu nearly leaf- less below the corymbs, as iu /^. demijlura and V. polytricha. Leaves linear- subulate, semiterete or triquetrous, \ lo \ iu. long, crowded iu the coryiubs, and some of thein exceeding the flowers. Plowers small, nuuierous, ou pedi- cels rarcly cxceediug 1 line, iu deusc leafy corymbs. Calyx-tube liemisphe- rical, obscurely ribbed, softly pubescent ; primary lobes 5, spreadiug to about 3 lines diauieter, digitately divided into about 7 subulate, pectinate-ciliate lobes. Petals ovate or broadly lauceolate, fringed with rather loug cilia or rarely entire. Slamens very short ; anthers globular, 2-poio5e, the counec- tive slightly thickened but small. Staminodia lauceolate, petal-Iike and friuged, or liiiear-lanceolate and entire. Style shortly exserted, bent and bearded towards the end. Ovides 2. "W. Australia. Near Cape Riche, Ilanei/, Ma.rwell. \ ur. uudipelala. Petals scarcely friuged. Slauiinodia eutire. — W. Australia, Maxwell. C. Calyx-tube turbinate or heraispherical, ribbed, glabrous ; primary lobes 5, spreading, dccply divided into 5, 7, or rarely 9 liuear or subulate pectinate- ciliate lobes. Counective thickeued aud usually produced iuto a concave ap- peudage. Plowers yellow. Bractcoles often persisteiit. This group eorrespouds nearly to Schauer's sectiou Chrysoma. The calyx-seguieuts are as iu B, but the tubc is differeut, the pctals niorc rigid, aud thc conucctive ofteu curiously devcloped. 10. V. fimbrilepis, Tnn-z. iii Bull. Mosc. lSi7, i. 158. Erect, with slender biauchcs. Leavcs lincar, semiterete or triquetrous, obtuse or mucro- VerticonUa.'] XLViii. myrtace.e. 23 nnlate, mostly 2 to 3 lines long, clusteved on the smallcr branclies. Flowers rittlier small, on pedicels scarcely above 2 lines long-, in sniall, terminal, leafy corymbs, or rarely ovoid, leaty pauicles. Bracteoles usually persisteut and conuate at the base. Calyx-tube ahuost heniispherical, 10-ribbed, £>labrous, not above 1 line diameter; primary lobes 5, spreading to about 4 hnes dia- meter, each oue digitately divided into 5 or 7 linear, pectinate-ciliate (white ?) lobes. Petals ovate, striate, deeply fringed, nearly as long as the calyx-lobes. Stamens short ; authers globular, 2-porose, the conuective thickened and pro- duced into a short obtuse appenchige, sometimes exceeding the cells ; stami- nodia petal-like, friuged. Ovules 2. Style very short, ghdnous. ^V. Australia, Brummond, 'ird Coll. n. 24. 1 1. V. serrata, Schan. Myrt. Xeroc. 70. Stout, erect, and rigid. Leaves mostly alteruate, froui liuear-lauceolate acute and ^ to f in. long, to oblong or obovate, and 2 to 4 liues long, all rigid, concave or keeled, the margins ciliate -\vith short stiff hairs. Flowers yellow, on slender pedicels, in dense, termiual, leafy corymbs. Bracteoles very deciduous. Calyx-tube glabrous ; primary lobes 5, spreadiug to 4 or 5 lines diameter, each with a broadly cordate or auricuhite base, deeply divided iuto digitate, plumose-ciliate, subulate lobes. Petals ovate, rather thick, concave, more or less toothed at the end. Stamens shortly united ; anthers globular, 2-porose, the conuective produced into an ovate or lauceolate, obtuse, concave appendage, exceeding the cells ; stamino- dia petal-like, oblong, entire, couuivent over the stamens. Style subulate, glabrous. Ovules 2. — Hook. Journ. Bot. ii. t. 13 ; CViri/sorr/ioe serrata, Lindl. in Swau Eiv. App. 6. ■W. Australia, Drv.mmond. His spccimpns comprise four forms, which might almost be takeii for distiiict species : — a. Lcaves short aud broad. Petals broad, lather dee])ly toothed. Appendage of the connective broad, very obtuse. \st Coll. n. 145, 'ird Coll. n. 1G9. — b. Leaves long aud narrow. Petals ovate, less deeply toothed. Appcndage of the connective rather narrow and sometimes acuminate. ird Coll. n. 168. — c. Leaves of b. Flowers of «. t>th Coll. n. 107. — d. Leaves of a. Plovvers of b. [it/i Coll. ?) n. 47. 12. V. nitens, Sc/utii. Myrt. Xeroc. 11, t. 4< B, and in Pl. Preiss. i. 102. Suiall, erect, and corymbosely branclied. Leaves linear, semiterete, rather sieuder, acute or mucronulate, mostly |-tof in.,but the lower ones sometimes above 1 in. long. Flowers goIden-yeUow, ou slender pedicels, in a broad terminal corymb. Bracteoles very deciduous. Calys-tube shortly turbinate, glabrous ; primary lobes 5, spreadiug to about 4 lines diameter, divided uearly to the base into 7 to 11 digitate, subulate, pectiuate-plumose lobes. Petals ovate or obovate, glabrous, about as loug as tlie calyx, tliick and striate in the centre, thin at the edge, aud fringed with short irregular teeth, Stameus scarcely united at the base ; anthers globular, 2-porose, Imt often alinost en- tirely enclosed in the large concave or hood-sliaped appeudage of the connec- tive, which is usually obtusely 2-Iobed at the top ; staminodia short, snbulate. Style filiform, glabrous. Ovules 2. — Bot. Mag. t. 5286; C/irijsorr/Loe nitens, Lindl. in Couip. Bot. Mag. ii. 357, aud Swan Kiv. App. t. 1, W. Australia. Swau lliver, Bruinmond, \st Coll., Brd Coll. n. 166; Oldfiehl ; Preiss, n. 173. 13. V. grandiflora, Endl. in Ann. Wien. Mus. ii. 195. Erect, rigid, and ratlicr stout, 1 to 3 ft. high or ratlier more. Leaves from linear, semi- 2-i XLViii. MyHTACB.E. [Ftriicordia. teittc 01- triquetrous, and i to 1 in. lonoj, to oblong or obovate, concave or kc-cled, and 2 to 3 lines long, usually thick, obtuse or niucronulate, crowded on the short hitend shoots. Fiowers yellow, on slender pedicels, in a rather loose, ttTuiinal leafy corymb. Bracteoles persistent, connate at the base. Calyx-tube «^labrous, broatliy tuibinate ; priniary lobes 5, ofteu spreading to a dianieter of f in., but sometimes smaller, each deeply divided into 5 to 9 dig-itate, subuhite, pectiiiate-ciliate, or plumose lobes. Petals deeply divided into 7 to 11 or even more diptate, subulate, eutire lobes. Stamens slightly united at the l)ase ; anthers giobose, 2-porose, the connective thiekened into a coucave or hoodcd appendage, nuich louger thau the cells, witli 2 long lioni- like poiuts turned down over them ; staminodia lauceolate or oblong, ])etal- like, more or less toothed or fringed, conuiveiit outside the stamens. Style bubulate, glabrous. Ovules 2. — Schau. Mu-t. Xeroc. 75 ; Hook. Journ. Bot. ii. t. 14; F./teliaul/ia, Lindl. Swan Eiv. A))p. 6; T. uol/ili-^i, Meissn. in Joimi. Liun. Soc. i. 39. W. Australia. SwaQ River, Brummontl, \st Coll. ; Murchisou rivcr aud Irwiu river, Cbampiuu Uay, OlJjield, Drummond, %t/i Coll. 7i. 47. 11.. V. chrysantha, Fndl. in Ann. IFien. Mus. ii. 195. Very nearly allied to F. grandiflora, with the same foliage, persisteut braeteoles, calyx aud petals. lutlorescence usually looser, the llowers fewer aud rather smaller, yet larger thau in F. Preissii. Anthers with tlie connective erect aud pro- jectiug beyoud the cells, larger than in F. Preissii and in F. acerosa, but not 2-horued, as in F. (jraudiflora ; starainodia oblong-lanceolate, petal-Iike and connivent outside tlie stamens, -eutire or slightly toothed.— Schau. Myrt. Xeroc. 73, and in Pl. Preiss. i. 102; F. Gilberlii,TuYcz. in Bidl. Mosc. 1847, i. 160. W. Australia. lu tbe iuterior, Eoe, Freiss, n. 178, Gilbnt ; Oldtield Range, Max- well. Tliu spei-iuicus arc uone of them ve]'y satistactory. 15. V. Preissii, Scltau. in Pl. Preiss. i. 101. An ercct shrub of 1 to 1| ft. Stem-leaves liuear, semiterete or triquetrous, aeute or raucrouate, rarely above ^ in. long, usually densely crowded on the short lateral branches, the upper ones below the corymb often more distant, tliose in tlie corymb shorter aud lauceolate, or iu sorae specimens small, ovate or even orbicular, thick and coucavc. Plowers yellow, on slender pedicels, in acompact terminal corymb. Bracteoles persistcut, conuate at the base. Calyx-tube broadly turbinatc, lO-ribbed, glabrous ; primary lobes 5, spreadiug to a diameter of about 4 liues, digitately divided into 7 or 9 subulate, pectinate-ciliate or phimose lobes. Petals deeply divided into 7 to 11 digitate, subulate, entire lobes, about as long as tlie calyx. Stamens very siiortly united ; antliers globular, 2-porose, the connective slightly thiekeued and produced into a con- cave appcndage, very shortly excecding tlie cells ; stamiuodia obloiig, petal- Iike, enlire, counivent outside the stamens. Style filiform, glabrous. Ovules 2. — /'. EiuUic/ieriana, Schau. in PI. Preiss. i. 101. ■W. Australia. Betweeu King George's Souud and Swau River, Oldjield, Drammuiid, {\lh Coll. !') n. G5, hth Coll. n. 112, A. C Gregonj ; rocky hciglits, uear Halfway Ilouse, flur.l"" river, aud foot of Koukobcrup hills towards Capc Riche, Freiss, n. 175, 179, 181 ; Y,)uii'-i 'ivcr, Ma.rwell. The spccies is very uear on the oue haud to V.chrysiintha, but ^vitli luudi sinallcr deusely coryuibose flowers, aud ou thc othcr to V. acerosOy but with per- ectlv (••utire blauiiuodia. Feriiconlia.'] XLViii. myutace.e. 25 16. V. acerosa, Liudl. Swan Riv. App. 6. Erect, altaining 1 to 3 ft., tlie branches usvially virgate ancl ratlier slender. Leaves varying from linear-triqiietrous, slender, niucrouate and nearly f in. long, to ovate or ovate- laueeolate, concave and 2 to 3 lines long, those crowded on short lateral shoots usually the longest and niost slender, but sonietinies all loiig and iiarrow, or all short and broad. Flowers yellow, ratlier snudl, in triehotonious tenuinal eorynibs, ou pedicels of 3 lines or uiore. Calyx-tube turbiuate, strougly 10-ribbed, glabrous ; primary lobes 5, spreading to 4 or 5 lincs dia- meter, each deeply divided into 5 or 7 digitate, subuUite, peetinate-ciliate or pUimose lobes. Petals divided ahuost to the base, into 5, 7 or 9 subulate, digitate lobes, rigid and entire. Stamens very shortly united ; anthers glo- bose, 2-porose, the conuective with a short obtuse appeudage, scarcely exceed- ing the cells ; stauiinodia lanceolate or oblong, petal-lilce, fringed or pinnati- fid, couuiveut over the stamens. Style rather sliort, glabroiis. Ovules 2. — Scliau. Myrt. Xeroc. 68, and in Pl. Preiss. i. 101. IV. Australia. Swaii River, Drammond, Ist Coll. n. 104 ; Darliug Eaugc, Preiss, n. 176. D. Calyx-tube hemispherical or turbinate, with a ring of long hairs at the base, otherwise glabrous, pubescent or sliortly villous ; primary lobes 5, spreading or partially reHexed, divided into numerous subuhite or hair-like lobes or long cilia, either all simjile or some of them slightly branched or ciliate iiear the base. Connective small. This group has the calyx-tube of B, with the lobes of soine species of E, aiul the reflcxcd mareiual cilia may be occasioually iiiistalieu for the acccssory lobes of the iattcr group, but in D these reflexeJ cilia iiever really procced from distiuct lobes, alteruatiiig with the spreading oaes. 17. V. polytricha, Benth. Erect aud bushy, with thehabit and foliage nearly of V. Ilarvetji, but with a different calyx. Leaves linear, semiterete or triquetrous, slender, obtuse, mostly 3 to 4 lines long, very densely crowded on the short shoots, more distaut below the corymb. Flowers small, on short pcdicels, in broad, compaet, terrainal, leafy corymbs, often pedunculate. Calyx-tube hemispherical, with long dense hairs at the base, glabrous aud contracted at the top ; primary lobcs 5, spreading to 3 or nearly 4 lines dia- meter, deeply divided iuto very numerous, long, simple cilia, the margins not reflexed. Petals sliort, ovate, pubescent, sliglitly ciliate. Stameus vei-y shortly united ; authers very small, globular, 2-porose ; couuective small ; staminodia lanceohite, acute, longer than the stamens. Style shortly exscrted, sleuder, iacurA'ed and bearded at the end. Ovule 1 (or 2 ?). W. Australia. Murchisou river, Oliljield, Drummond, &th Coll. n. 49. 18. V. demissa, I. Muell. Herb. Procumbent and rigid, with nume- rous short ascending branches. Leaves linear, semiterete or triquetrons, ob- tuse, rarelv above 2 lines long, crowded on the short branclies. Flowers small, on short thick pediccls in the upper axils, numerous, but scarcely corym- bose. Calyx-tube nearly 1 line diameter, the short adnale part faintly 10- ribbed and' densely hirsutc with long spreadiiig hairs, the free part broatt, sniooth, aud ghibrous ; primary lobes 5, spreading to a diameter of about 3 liues, eaeh one divided to the basc into long simple cilia or subulate lobes, of 26 XLViii. MYRTACEA'. [Ferilcon/ia. wliicli 2 01- 3 thicker and loiiger tlum the others. Petnls ovate, very thiu, (lciisely piibescent, eiitire or nearly so. Staraens very shortly united ; autlicrs ti;lobose, 2-porose ; conneetive thiekened, biit not exeeeding the cells ; stami- nodia lanceohite-siibulate, entire. Style rigid, subulate, excceding the corolla by 3 or 4 lines, bearded wilh a few stitf hairs near the point, Ovules 2. W. Australia, Drumiiiond, o/k Coll. n. 113 ; Filzgcrald raii,i>;es, 3fa.rwell. The rigiJ spreadiiii; bristlcs of the calyx, the aliiiost globular pubesceut corolla iii the ceutre, with thc luiig prolrudiiig style give Ihe llowers a peculiar aspect. 19. V. humilis, Benth. Apparently a sraall slendcr procumbent shrub. Lcavcs linear, triquetrous, or htterally compressed, distinctly petiolate, 2 to 3 liues long, not crowded iu our specimen. Flowers rather large, often on very sliort pcdicels in the upper axils. Calyx-tube very broad aud short, lU- ribbed, hirsute with spreading haiis near the base, otherwise pubescent ; primary lobes 5, spreading to about 3 lines diaraeter, divided at the base into nuraerous purple subuhite or hair-hke lobes, the inner ones more rigid and entire, the outer ones raore slender and pluraose with a few loug cilia. Petals ovate, pubesceut, entire, connivent. Staraens very shortly united ; anthcrs globular, 2-porose, with a very sraall conuective. Staminodia hmceo- late-sulndate, entirc. Style very long aud subulate, not bearded. Ovulcs 2 (or somelimes 1 ?). W. Australia. /. S. Rue. 20. V. penicillaris, F. Miiell. Fragm. i. 226. Kigid, diffuse or pro- stratc and much Invmched. Leaves linear, concave, keeled or tri(|uetrous, ob- tuse or muerouate, 1 to 2 lines long, crowdcd. Flowers hu'ge for the size of the phmt, on short pedicels m the upper axils, forming a l)road irregular leafy corymb. Calyx-tube hemispherical, densely hirsute with long rigid hairs at the base, otherwise pubescent ; primary lobcs 5, sprcading to a diameter of above \ in., divided to tlie base into nuraerous long hair-iike simple or branched cilia, a few more rigid tlian the others, the raarginal ones retlexed on tlie tube. Petals ovate, fringed with nuraerous cilia, very tiue, but rarely louger than thc breadth of the lamina. Staraens very shortly united ; anthcrs nearly globular, 2-porose, the conneetive not prominent. Style very long, purplc, bcarded near the end with remarkably long spreading hairs. Ovules 2. W. Australia. Table Hill, Champion Bay, Oldfield. 21. V. multiflora, Tarc:. m Bull. Mosc. 18J;7, i. 159. Branclies apparently divaricate. Leaves linear, thick, semiterete or triquetrous, obtuse, i-arely excecdiug 2 lines, crowded on the short lateral shoots. Flowers (ycllow) rattier sraall, on pedicels attaining 2 to 3 lines, in small dense terrainal corynibs. Calyx-tube densely hirsute at the base, the free part broad and glabrous ; priniary lobes 5, spreading to about 4 lines diaiueter, deeply tlivided iuto very uumerous long cilia, of v;hich 3 to 5 thicker and snbulate, and a few of the raargimil ones sometimes forming anricles retlexed on tlie tiibe. Petals ovate, shorter than the calyx-Iobes, fringed with munerous cilia. Stameus very shortly uuited ; anthers globular, 2-porose, tlic con- nective iucouspicuous. Stamiuodia subulate, longer thau the stamens. Style shortly cxserted, bcarded from below tlie nnddle wilh a few long hairs ; Fe/ilcordia.] XLViii. myutace^e. 27 stiguia broadly capitatc. Ovules 3. — F. brac//i/jwda, Turcz. iu BuU. Mosc. 1847, i. 158. W. Australia, Druminond, Zrd Coll. n. 26 and 28 ; 5//< Goll. n. 111. Plaiitagenet, Stirliug', aud Fitzgcrald rauges, Maxwell. Tlie speeies is allied to V. HueyeUi, but tlie leaves are shorter aud thieker, the cilia of the calyx much kss luuuerous, thc stigma uiuch suiaUer, and the staminodia difTereut. 23. V. Huegelii, Endl. iu Jlueg. Enum. 16. Erect with sleuder brauclies. Leavcs liuear, ratlier sleuder, semiterete or triquetrous, obtuse, 3 to 4 liues long, crowded ou the sliort hiteral shoots. Elowers (white or piuk r), ou pedicels of 3 to 4 liues, iu small loose terminal corymbs or iu the upper axils. Calyx-tube strongly 10-ribbed, deusely hirsute at the base, otherwise pubescent; primary lobes 5, spreadiug to a diameter of 4 to 5 lines or rather more, and divided iuto exceediugly numerous tine cilia, formiug a deuse globular tuft, a few of the inner ones more rigid and subuhite, sorae of the outer oues occasioually branched, and several on the outer margins closely reHexed on the tube so as ofteu almost to cover it, but without anv distiuct accessory lobes. Petals much shorter than the calyx-lobes, fringed with numerous tine cilia. Stamens very sJiortly united ; anthers globular, 2- porose, the conneetive inconspicuous. Staminodia lanceolate, connivent over the stamens, more or less fringed with long cilia, but very variable as to breadth. Style shortly exserted, bearded ; stigma peltate, larger than in any other species. Ovules 3. — Schau. Myrt. Xeroc. 61, and iu PI. Preiss.i. 99 ; V.Jimbripdula, Turcz. in Bull. Mosc. 1849, ii. 19. \K^. Australia. Swau River, Drummond, \st CoU. n. 173 ; Darliug Range, Freiss, n. 177; Harvey river, Oldfield ; Kalgan river, ilaxwell. V. sti/losa, Turcz. in Biill. Mosc. 1847, i. 160, is Ibunded on specimens of Gilbert's n. 327, which I have not seen. The essential characters given are precisely those of V. Huefjelii, except the colour of the flowers and the appendage to the authers, whieh bclong to the group C, in which are uever found the other characters given. It is probable, there- fore, that some fragments of V. serrata or its allies uiay have got mixed with the author's specimens of V. Hueyelii, and the V. stylosa made up of both. E. Calyx-tube various ; primary lobes 5, spreading, either digitate with pectinate lobes, or divided iuto very numerous hair-Iike lobes or cUia, and 5 accessory oues alternatiug with tliem on the outside, very thin aud scarious, closely reflexed ou the tube, divided into numerous fiue cilia, and turued up again from the base of the tube. Couuective small. Lower leaves laterally compressed or triquetroiis. This group has the accessory calyx-Iobes, but uot the herbaceous appeudages to the tube of the group t! of Catocali/pta, and the anthers and ovary are quite those of Euverlicordia. 23. V. insignis, Eudl. in Hueg. Enum. 47. — An erect shrub of 1 to 2 ft., branchiug froin the base. Leaves from broadly ovate to oblong, very obtuse or almost mucronate, 2 to 4 lines long, the lower ones and tliose of the barreu brauches often laterally compressed or vertical, others vvith the upper edge dilated, aud the upper ones ofteu concave aud keeled only. Flowers on pedicels often exceeding 1 in., in loose irregular terminal lealy corymbs. Bracteoles deciduous. Calyx-tube 10-ribbed, about 2 lines loug, quite concealed by the accessory lobes, which are closely reflexed to the base, and there turued up again aud divided iuto uumerous loug cilia, wliicli appcar 28 XLVlll. MYliTACE.E. [Verticurdla . to rorm a friiige to tlie base of tlie tube ; priinary lobes spreading to aboiit \ in. (liameter, decply dividcd into 5 to 9 digitate linear lobes fringed witli long cilia. Petals orbicular, fringcd with cilia, inserted on the staminal tube near its base. Staniens uaited into a broad short tube above the calyx , fiia- ments longer than tlie petals ; anthers small, globular, 2-porose ; staminodia fringcd with long cilia. Style ghibrous with a capitate stigma. Ovulcs 2. — Lindl. Swan Riv. App. t. 2 A ; Schau. Myrt. ^Xeroc. 65, and in Pl. Preiss. i. 100. V^. Australia. Swan l?iver, lluegel ; Brummoncl, \st Coli. ; Preiss., n. 167 and 1G8, and otliers. V. comjda, Endl. in Aiiii. Wien. ^Iiis. ii. 194, and V. Ruei, Endl. 1. c, appear to bc ouly a sinall-1'.'aved variety of /'". insignis ; the speciraeus are in a bad state, but the statninodia are eertaiuly fringed iii both. Preiss's specimens, referrcd by Schauer to V. comjita, appear to nic to be a very coiuniou forin of V. insi/jnis. 24. V. habrantha, Schau. bi VI. Preiss. i. 100. A shrub of 2 or 3 ft., with slcnder often virgate branches. Lower leaves and those of the short side branches often laterally compressed, falcate-oblong, dilated on the upper edge or triquetrous, and attaining 3 to 4 lines, the upper ones in the corymb are sometimes nearly all obovate or oblong, concave with a ]irorainent keel and not 2 lines long. Flowers rather small, on pedicels of g- to ■!■ in., in irrcgular terminal leafy coryrabs. Bracteoles deciduous. Calyx-tube turbi- iiate, 10-iibbed, pubescent at tlie base ; priniary lobes 5, spreadiiig to a diainetcr of about 4 liiies, deeply divided into subulate siraple or forked lobes fringed bclow the uiiddie with loiig cilia ; and .5 accessory outer lobes re- tlexed on the tube, tiirned up again from the base, and deeply divided into nuraerous long fine cilia. Petals ovate, entire or obscurely denticulate, con- tracted at the base. Staraens shortly unitcd above Ihe calyx ; anthers globidar, 2-porose ; connective sraall ; staminotlia rather broad, fringed with a few long cilia. Style exceedingly short, glabrous, with a capitate stigina. Ovules 2. — F. uiiiMlata, Turcz. iii Eull. Mosc. 1847, i. 159; F. Ijruchj- stylis, P. MueU. Fragra. i. 164. W. Australia, Bmmmond, ird Coll. n. 25 ; Uh Coll. n. 108 and 109 (the latler with largc flowers) ; Gordou river, Preiss, n. 169 ; Kalgan, Gordon, and Toue rivers, Old- Jield ; Gardiiier river and Moiiut ^Maiiypcak, Maxwell. Tiirezauiuow must cither haveiuis- takeu the auther-cells for a cucullate conncctive, aud thc sinall persistent base of the bracteoles for the braeteolcs themselves, or to have mixed up his descriptiou of this species with that of V, nitens. 25. V. monadelpha, Turcz. hi Btdl. Mosc. 1847, i. 158. Erect and much braiiclicd. Lcavcs linear, triquetrous or laterally compressed, mostly nuicroiuitc, rather tliick, often above |- in. long. Plowers rather large, pink or whitc, in broad or loose terniinal Icafy corymbs, each Hower having the appearauce of a dense globular tuft of hairs of at least i in. diaiueter. Calyx- tube aliout 2 liiies long, broadly turbinate, 10-ril)bcd and hairy at the base, the free part very broad and glabrous ; primary lol)es 5, spreading, and 5 accessory outer oucs reflexcd on the calyx-tube aiul turncd up from its base, all dccply dividcd into cxcccdingly miraerous long cilia. Pctals sliort, ovate, fringcii with Inng cilia, ailiiate to Ihc stamiual tiibe to about half its length. Slaraens unitcd iii a broad tiibc for aboiit a liiie abovc Ihc calvx ; iilaments VerticonUa.'] XLViii. myrtace.*;. 29 often oxcecding the petals ; antlicrs globnlar, 2-porose, witli a rainute scale- like appcndagc to the small connective ; staminodia lanceohite-subulate, entire. Slylc rather short, glabrons ; stigma capitate. Ovules 2. — V. calli- tricha, Meissn. in Journ. Linn. Soc. i. 39. 'W. Australia< Brummond, Zrd Coll. n. 27; Murchison river, Brummond, C//^ CoU. w. 48 ; Oldfield. 26. V. Lehmanni, Schau. in Pl. Preiss. i. 99. Slender, erect, and slightly branclicd, nsually from 1 to l^ i"t. high. Leaves mostly in distant pairs, linear-ol)long or falcate, laterally compressed or tricpietrous, obtuse or nuicronate, 3 to 4 lines long, the upper ones near the flowers not half so long, oblong or almost ovate and coucave. Flowers rather small, on pedicels of 1 to 2 lines, few in small compact terminal corymbs, or in more luxuriant spe- cimens axillary below tlie ends of the loosely corymbose upper branches. Calyx-tube \\ liues long, the adnate part shortly villous at the base, the frec part prominently 10-ribbed and glabrous ; primary lobes 5, spreading, deeply (livided into about 5 subulate lobes, with several long cilia Getween them, 5 accessorv outer ones closely reflcxed on the tulie and turned up IVom its base, thin and transparent, deeply divided into numerons cilia. Petals ovate, very thin, irrcgularly lobed or ciliale at the end, inserted near the top of the staminal tube. Stamens iiuited in a broad short tube ; anthers globular, 2- porose, witli a slightly-thickened connective; stamiuodla lanceolate-subulate, slightly glandular. Styde shortly exserted, incnrved towards the end and bearded at the bend. Ovules 2. W. Australia, Bnmmond, n. 15 ; Molloy's Plaius, Susses district, Preiss, n. 166. Section 2. Catocalypta. — Anthers ovoid or oblong, with parallel cells aduate to a more or less thickened connective, aud opening in longitudinal slits. Ovules several, usually 8 or 10, in 2 rows on au obliquely peltate or rarely stalk-like placenta. This section, with the anthers aud ovary of Chamalauciim, is only distinguished from it by the catyx. I have adopted Schauer's name for it, although somewhat difterently limited. A. Calyx-lobes 5, spreadiug, Avithout reflexed accessory lobes or herbaceous appendages. Eacemes sliort, mostly terminal, almost coryrabose. Leaves linear-triquetrous or semiterete. Tbe two species here inserted havc not the hcrbaceous appeudages to the calyx which cliaracterize the rest oC the section, aud in iuflorescence they show an approach to Euverti- cordia, but the anthers aiid some other poiuts indicate a closer affinity with Catocali/pta. 27. V. Cunninghamii, Schau. Myrt. Xeroc. 55. A tall erect shrub. Leaves linear, triqnetrous or concave, obtnse or mucrouate, niostly ^ in. but sometimes f in. long. Flowers on pedicels of about | to ^ iu. iu the upper axils, formiug short terminal almost corymbose racemes arranged in a long leafy panicle. Calyx-tube hemispherical, 10-ribbed; primary lobes 5, spreadiug to i in. diameter, each one deeply divided into long digitate pecti- nate-ciliate lobes, the lateral ones reflexed on the tube, but no accessory lobes. Petals much shorter than the calyx-Iobes, ovate, fringed with irregular teeth. Stamens shortly uuited above the calyx ; anther-cells parallel, opening longi- tudinally, adnate to a connectivum, thickened at the end iuto a small fleshy 30 XLViii. MYRTACEyE. [Verficordia . appendage ; staminodia linear, entire. Style shortly exserted, witli a ring of liairs round tlie capitate stigma. Ovules 8 or 10. Wr. Australia. York Sound, J. Cii.nningham ; Victoria rivcr, Bijnoe ; islands of thc Guir of C;ir])ciit;uia, A. Brown ; Macadam range, F. Mueller ; Fort Essiiigton, ^nKj/ro;;^. 2S. V. picta, Etidl. in Ann. TFien. Mus. ii. 194. Branches spreading, rathcr slender. Leaves linear, scmiterete or triquetroiis, obtusc or murroiiatc, raostlv 2 to -i lines long. Flowers wliite or pink, rather large, on pedicels ot" 3 or i lines, iu loose terrainal corvmbs or short leafy panicles. Calyx-tube heraispherical, glabrous, obscurely 10-ribbed in the free part ; primary lobes 5, sprending to about 5 lines diameter, deeply divided into 7, 9, or 11 digi- tate linear pectinate-eiliate scarioiis lobes. Petals inserted on the starainal tube shortly above the calyx, broadly ovate, entire, longer than the calyx- lobes. Stamens united iu a broad tube ; tilaments short ; anthers oblong, with parallel cells opeuing longitudinally ; staminodia lauceolate-subulate, entire. Style shortly bearded belowthe stigma. Ovides about 10, appended to as many marginal lobes of a somewliat peltats, excentric placenta. — Schau. ]\Iyrt. Xeroc. 53. \ir. Australia, Boe; Swan River, Drummond, 1*/ Coll. n. 170; S. Hutt and ^lurchisou rivers, Oldfiehl. V. pentandra, Turcz. iii BuU. Mosc. 1847, i. 157, described froni Giiberfs specimcns, n. 329, which I have not seen, appears from the character giveu not to difFer from V. picta. B. Calyx-lobes 5, spreading, without accessory refiexed segments, but witli .5 herbaceous retlexed appendages outhetube under the lobes. Flowers usually formiug oblong racemes or spilces below the ends of the branches. Leaves small. The reflcxed herbaceous appenda.ses wliich distinjruish this frroup from A are rather variable, in V. pennigera occasionally rcduccd to a slight gibbosity under thc lobcs, some- times iu that species extcnding i down thc tubc, in othcrs halfway down or nearly to the base, ahvays closely appresscd to the tube betwecn the ribs, and sometimes shortly adnate to it. 29. V. pennigera, Endl. in Haeg. Eniim. 46. Stems iu some speci- mens short and erect from a thick stock, in others slender, spreading, or virgate. Leaves linear aud semiterete or triquetrous, or oblong and concave, obtuse or mucrouate, 1 to 2 lines long, crowded on tlie small Literal shoots, tlie margins more or less ciliate. Flowers on short pedicels in the upper axils, forming leafy raeemes, soraetimes collected iuto thyrsoid panicles. ('alyx-tul)e turbinate, 5-ribbed; primary lobes 5, sprcadiug to a diameter of 4 or 5 liues, deeply divided iuto subulate plumose lobes, with a few long lateral cilia closely retiexed on the tube, without accessory lobes, but with herbaceous adnate appeudages reflexed outhe tube under the lobes, very short and broad and sometiraes scarcely raore than broad gibbosities. Petals obovatc-oblong, striate, toothed or fringed at the end, connivent over the stameiis. Stameus shortly united above the calyx ; anther-cells parallel, openiug longitudinally, the conneetive not rauch thickened. Style slightly bearded. Ovules about 6.— Schau. Myrt. Xeroc. 59, and iu Pl. Prciss. i. 99*; V. setif/era, Lindl. Swan Riv. App. 7. W. Australia. Swan River, Drummoiid, \st Coll. Preiss, n. 182 ; Murchison, Gor- don, and Kalgan rivcrs, Oldfi.eld ; Birk Hartog's Island, Marlin ; Gardner ranges and Colt Verticordia^ XLViii. MYRTACEiE. 31 rivcr, Ma.xwell. — The species diffcrs sliglitly from V. BrummoncUi. in the ciliate lcavcs, thc shortiiess of thc calyx-appeiidages, aud the longer more striate pctals. 30. V. Drummondii, Sc/tai/. Mijrt. Xeroc. 56, aiid in VI. Preiss. i. 98. A shrulj wilh virgate or divaricate branches, and niurh thc aspect of Erica vulgaris. Leaves obovate or oblong, very obtuse, rather thick and concave, 1 to 2 lines loug, imbricate on the sliort lateral shoots, entiro or minutely or obscurely denticuhite-ciliate. Tlowcrs on short pedicels in the upper axils, forming obloug leafy raceraes or dense thyrsoid pauicles. Calyx-tube turbi- nate, 5-ribbed ; primary lobes 5, spreading to 4 or 5 liues diameter, deeply divided into subiUate phimose lobes, the raarginal ones sometimes reflexed on the tube; uo accessory lobes, but 5 herbaceous appendages reflcxed under the lobes, and often half as long as tlie tube. Petals ovate, connivent, striate and friuged at the end. Stamens shortly united above the calyx ; anther-cells parallel, opening longitudinally ; connective uot much thickeued ; stamiuodia lanceohite-subuhTte, bordercd by prorainent ghnnds. Style slightly bearded. Ovules about 6. — V. carinata, Turcz. in BulL Mosc. 1849, ii. 19. ■^V. Australia. Svvaa River, JDriinimoiid, \si CoU. ; Preiss, n. 171; bctwcen Touc aud GorJon rivers, OUlfieUl. Var. Lindleyi. Leaves broader aud less imbricatc, often distant and spreadiug, and quite entire. V. LindUyi, Schau. Myrt. Xcroc. 58, and in Pl. Preiss. i. 98 ; Dnimniond, ^ih CoU. n, 46 ; Irvvin river, Preiss, n. 170. 31. V. pholidophylla, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 227. A shrub of 1 to 2 ft., with spreadiug branches, very closely allied to V. Drummondii. Leaves ovate or obovate, thick, concave, obtuse, rarely above 1 line long, closely imbricate on the smaller branches, Elowers on very short axilLary pedicels below the ends of the branches, often assuming a slight yellowish tiuge. Calyx-tube turbinate, 5-ribbed ; primary lobes 5, spreadiug to about 4 or 5 lines diameter, deeply divided iuto 7 or 9 subulate plumose or ciliate lobes, a few of tlie hiteral cilia reflexed on the tube ; no accessory lobes, Init 5 her- baceous reflexed appendagcs uuder the lobes, about half as long as thc tube. Petals ovate, ciliate-fringed, about as long as the calyx-segments, inserted on the stamiual tube. Stamens united at the base iuto a short broad tube ; anther- cells parallel, opening lougitudinally, connective somewhat thickened ; stami- nodia linear-subulate, short. Style incurved and bearded towards the end. Ovules 6 to 8. "W. Australia. Coalcurda, north of Murchison river and sandy plains south of Oolingara, OUlfieUl; Roebuck Bay, Marten. C. Calyx with 5 priraary lobes spreading, each one divided into stibukte pluraose lobes, 5 accessory lobes outside and alternate with tlie primary one, thin and transparent, reflexed on tube, fringed or deusely ciliate and turued up again from the base of the tube, and 5 herbaceous reflexed appendages on the tttbe between the ribs and under the lobes. Flowers forraing raceraes or spikes below the ends of the branches, or rarely short terminal racemes. Leaves obovate or orbicuh^r, usually glaucous. This group has the appcndages to thc calyx-tube of thc precediug onc, and in addition the acccssory lobcs of the group E of Emeriicordia. 32 XLViii. MYRTACF.^.. [Verficorr?/a. 32. V. spicata, F. MueU. Jragvi. i. 226. Mnch resembling some foims of V. Driimiiwudii, but witli a dittereiit calyx. Leaves obovate or orbicular, coucave, obtuse, not 1 line long, minutely denticulate-ciliate, and very closely imbricate except the floral oncs, which arc twice as h-irge and looser. Plowers nearly sessile, forming dense spikcs below the suniniits of the branches. Calyx-tube 5-ribbed ; primary lobes 5, spreading to a diaine- ter of nearly \ in., deeply divided into 5 to 9 bnear-subulate plumose-ciliate lobes, 5 accessory reflexed external lobes ovate-lanceohite, transpareut, fringcd with a few long cilia, and 5 herbaceous appendages i-eflexed between the ribs under the primary lobes, and nearly as long as the tube. Petals ovate, thin, fringed witli long cilia. Slamens united at the base in a very short broad tube ; anthers oblong, the cells parallel, opening longitudinally, and adnate to a broad thick counective ; staminodia linear, rather tliick. Style shortly ex- serted, bearded towards the end. Ovulcs about 8, in two rows, oii a rather long stalk-like placenta. TV. Australia. Mui-cliison river, Oldfield. 33. V. lepidophylla, T. Mnell. Fragm. i. 228. Erect, attaining 3 or 4 ft., with spreading branclies, ]'esembling V. pholidophylla, but with a diffe- rent calyx. Leaves obovate-orbicuhir, concave, obtuse, rarely ahove l line long, tbick, entire or ininutely denticulate-ciliate, imbricate on the smaller branches. Flowers on very short pedicels, axillary below the ends of the branches. Calyx-tube nearly hemispherieal, 5-ribbed; primary lobes 5, spreading to a diameter of 4 or 5 lines, digitately divided into 7 to 9 linear plumose-cib"ate lobes, 5 accessory external lobes closely reflexed on and cover- ing the tube, orbicular, transparent, fringed at the edges, and 5 herbaceous appendage? reflexed between the ribs, but exceedingly short and broad. Petals as long as the calyx-lobes, entii'e or minutely deuticulate, attached near the summit of the staminal tube. Stamens united for nearly a line above the calyx; anthers ovoid, with parallel cells opening longitudinally ; stamiuodia spathulate, fringed at the end. Style exserted, bearded towards the end. Ovules about B. W. Australia. ^NIurchison rivcr, Oldjield. 34. V. ovalifolia, Meissn. iu Journ. Linn. Soc. i. 40. Branches slender, virgate. Leaves obovate, eoncave, erect, sqiiarrose, or spreading, mostly 2 to 3 lines long. Flowers on pedicels shortly exceeding the leaves, not nume- rous, in a short terminal corymbose raceme. Calyx-tube about 2|- Unes long, the 5 ribs not very prominent ; primary lobes 5, spreading to nearly f in. diameter, dccply divided into 8 to 10 long plumose lobes ; 5 accessory ex- ternal lobes, thin and transparent, elosely reflexed, and almost covering the tube with their long marginal cilia ; 5 herbaceous appendages under the primary lobes reflexed on the tube, but exceedingly short and broad. Petals broad, inserted on the staminal tube shortly above the calyx, irregidarly divided into 5 or 6 more or less fringed lobes. Stamens united nearly a line above the calyx ; anther-cells parallel, opening longitudinally, connective thick; staminodia slightly clavate at the end. Stylc bearded below the stigma. Ovules about S. W. Australia. Bctween Moore anJ Mnrcliison rivcrs, Brummoiid, 6ih Coll. n. 45. Ferllcordia.] XLViii. myutacE/E. " .33 Meissncr appears to have overlookcJ the appendages to the calyx-tube, which, although much shorter thau iu either of the Collowing species, certaiuly exist iu our spcciuiens. 35. V, chrysostachya, Meissn. in Jonrn. Linn. Soc. i. 41. Ercot, with virgate branrhes, glaucous like the allied species or assumiug a yellow hue, at least iu the dried specimens. Leaves obovate or orbicular, erect, aud coucave or nearly flat, squarrose or spreadiug, rather thick aud ahuost nerve- less. Plowers yellow, on pedicels rarely exceeding the leaves below the ends of the branches. Calyx-tube abont 3 lines long, 5-ribbed; primary lobes 5, spreading to a diauieter of about \ in., deeply divided iuto plumose lobes ; 5 accessory external lobes closely reflexed and turned up from the base of the tube, conipletely covering it with tlieir uumerous cilia, aud 5 herba- ceous appcndagps shorter thau thetidje reflexed upon it between the ribs from iinder the priraary lobes. Petals inserted ou the stauiiual tube, broadly cordate, fringed with long ciHa. Stamens united above the calyx in a short broad tube; auther-cells parallel, opening longitudinally, on a thickened connective; stamiuodia subulate, thickened at the base. Style bearded below the stigma with short hairs. Ovules 6 to 8. W. Australia. Between Moore and jMurchison rivers, Dnimmond, Q>ih Coll. n. 46. 36. V, oculata, JSIeissn. in Journ. Linn. Soc. i. 41. A glaucous shrub attainiug 5 or 6 i"t., but ofteu flowering when uuder 2 ft., witli sieuder or spreading brauches. Leaves orbicular, stem-claspiug, 3 to 5 liues diameter, faintly 3- or 5-uerved or quite nerveless, with thin edges. Flowers lihic or pale, with a (hxrk ceutre, on pedicels shorter or longer than the leaves below the euds of the brarxches. Calyx-tube about 3 liues loug, 5-ribbed ; priraary lobes 5, spreading to a diameter of nearly 1 in., deeply divided iuto loug plu- luose lobes of a shiuing white, 5 thiu transparent accessory lobes reflexed on the tube and turned up frora the base, deeply divided iuto uumerous cilia, and 5 herbaceous appeudages alternate witli the ribs, reflexed on the tube from under the primary lobes, thiuner than in tlie allied species. Petals short and broad, friuged with 10 to 12 long sidiulate lobes or cilia, inserted ou the staminal tube. Stameus united in a broad tube above the calyx ; anther-cells parallel, opening longitiulinally, the connective not much thickened ; stami- nodia subulate-poiuted but very irregular. Style exserted, the stigma sur- rounded by a tuft of long hairs. Ovules about 8. ^V. Australia. Saudy plains between Hutt and Murcliison rivers, Bruwmond, 6//< Coll. n.A^. 37. V, grandis, Brumm. in Hook. Kew Jovrn. v. 119. A stout glaucous shrub of 3 to 6 ft., with erect or spreading brauches. Leaves orbieular aud hall-stem-claspiug, 3 to 6 lines diameter, faintly 5- or 7-nerved, witli thin edges. Flowers axillary along the virgate branches, each forraing when fully out a densely plumose crimson tuft of at least 1 in. diameter. Calyx-tube turbiuate, 5-ribbed, about 4 lines long; priuiary lobes 5, spread- iug, divided iuto numerous long plumose lobes ; 5 accessory lobes reflexed on the tube and turned up frora the base, fringed with fine cilia, aud 5 her- baceous appendages between the ribs reflexed from uuder the primary lobes and nearly as loug as the tube. Petals orbicular, fringed with short teeth, inserted on the stannual tube considerably above the calyx. Stamens luiited VOL. III. D Zi XLViii. MYRTACE.f;. [Feriicordta . at the base iiito a broad tul)e ; anther-cells parallcl, openiii^ longitudinally, adnate to a tliick connective ; staminodia subuhite. Style exserled, slifi;litly benrded above the niiddJe. Ovules 8 to 10. — Meissn. in Journ. Linn. Soc. i. 42. N. Australia. Laiirange Bay, N.AV. Coast, Marten. W. Australia. Saiidy plaius, Ilill viwcr, B/uinMuud, (jfk Co/l.n.44:; Irvviu river, O/dJiM. 5. PILEANTHUS, Labill. Calyx-tube turbinate or campanulate, 10-ribbed, lobes 10, spreadino;, all equal, broad, petal-like, entire. Petals 5, exceeding- the ealyx, spreadini^, sliortly ciliate. Stamens 20, in a single row, the filaments dihited at the base, and shortly united ; anther-eells parallel, oppnius^ lon, on pedicels of scarc(ily 1 line, in short, loosc, tcriuiual, corymbose racemcs, the llnral Icaves rc(lu(xd to small bracts. 15ractcolcs very dcciduous. Calyx-tube slender, narrow-turbinate, about 2 lines long, proiuincntly lO-ribbcd, but only 5 ribs reacliing to the base ; lobcs vcry short, broadly scunorbicular, cntire or scarccly fringed. Petals obovate-orbicular, f liuc long. Stameus ucarly as long, the councctive scarccly or not at all thickcncd ; stamiuodia slendcr. Style oflen shortly exscrtcd, quitc glabrous, with a broad stigma. TV. Australia. Muichison river, Oldfietd, Drummond, Gt/i Coll. n. 39, also (J^th Coll. F) n. 22. 3. C. heterandmm, ^ew^A. Bushyand much branched. Leaves op- posite, slcndcr, lincar-tcrcte or slightly cliauuellcd above, obtuse or nearly so, about 2 to 3 liues loiig. PJowcrs small, in short, loose, axillary, aliuost corymbose racemes, withthcfloral leavcs small lincar andbract-Iikc. Pediccls solitary in each axil, sleuder, 1 to 2 lincs loug. Bractcoles already fallcn from tlie youngest buds seen. Calyx-tube luirrow-turbinate or almost cyliudrical, prominently ribbed, ncarly l^ liues loug ; lobes cxceediugly short and broad, entire. Pctals orbicular, cntirc, rather more than ^ liue diamctcr. Stamciis shorter, qtate frce ; filaiucnts of the scpaline oncs filiform ; those of tlie petaline stamens rather longer and more or less dilated at the base or to the C/iamcelauciiiiH.] XLViii. MYKTACEiE. 37 middle iiito a wing-like appendage on each side ; connective of tlie anthers thick, obovoid or ahiiost turbinate, with 2 gloljidar cells at the top, quite dis- tiuct, as in Thnjptomeiie, but opening longitudinally and nearly parallel ; staminodia minute, inflected, oftcn ahuost concenled by the appendages of the lihinients. Ovules about 6. Style glabrous, with a capitate stigma. V^. Australia, Brummond Cath Coll. ? ), n. 135. 4. C. Drummondii, Meissu. in Joiirn. Linn. Soc. i. 44. Branches virgate. Leaves scattered or crowded, not opposite, liuear, obtusely keeled, obtuse or scarcely mucroiuite, 3 to 4 lines long, ciliate with long haii"s. Flowers nearly sessile, iu terminal heads or clusters, usiially of about 6 to 10. Calyx-tube broadly turbinate, about 2 lines long, prominently rii)bed ; lobes broadly ovate, 1 liue long or rather more, shortly ciliate. Petals l^ line long, minutely fringed. Connective of tlie authers thickened into a glan- duhir appendage ; staminodia bnear, obtuse. Style with a riiig of ralher long hairs iinder the broadly capitate stigma. W. Australia. Sandy plaiiis, iiear Colbourn springs, N. of Swan River, Drummond, 6/// CoU. n. 41 ; aiiJ a smallcr variety with shorter leavcs and fewer llowers, Drumniond (•liid CoU.?}, n. 58. . 5. C. virgatum, Endl. in Ann. Wien.Mus. ii. 193. Apparently Larger than any other species, with rigid virgate branches. Leaves opposite, linear, terete or nearly so, obtuse, f to 1 in. long. Flowers on short pedicels, 2 to 4 together at the ends of the branches in the axils of the hist leaves, the upper- most pair reduced to small bracts. Bracteoles very broad, brown and scari- ons, persistent and enveloping the calyx after the tiower is expaiuled. Calyx- tube broadly turbinate, nearly 3 lines long, obtnsely ribbed ; lobes orbicular, ciliate, about lialf as long as the petals. Petals orbicuhir, l^ lines long, minutely fringed. Anthers wiih a thickened globose connective and suuill parallel cells ; staminodia linear. — Schau. Myrt. Xeroc. 44. t. 4 A. ^V. Australia. E. from New York, -7. - tlie petals. Pelals 2\ to 3 liiies long, acute. Stanicns numcrous ; antbers sinall, tlie councctivc-gland small in tlie outer stainens, larger and almost conical in tlie inner ones. Style inserted on the staminal disk, deciduous. ^V. Australia. Swan Rivcr, Brunuiwnd, \st Coll.n. 156, Gilbert ; Murchison river, Ohlfield ; in tlie iiitcrior, ,/. 6'. Ron ; comnion about King George's Sound, Milne ; east- ward to Cape Arid, Maxwell ; Moannoka, Walcott. 14. C. Leschenaultii, Schau. in Pl. Preiss. i. 104. Apparently more erect and less branchcd tlian in tlie last two species, vvliich this one other- wise resembles. Leaves oblong-ti'iquetrous, rather thick, very obtusc, 1 to 2 lines long, Flowcrs (pink or purple) nearly scssile in the upper axiis at or below tlie ends of the branches. Bracteoles 2 to 3 lines long, connate to near the luiddle, the iree part not very broad, usually shortly mucronate. Calyx-tube 4 to ucarly 5 lines long, fusiform below tlie luiddle, the very slender upper portion solid ; lobes usually truncate, deeply colourcd witli scarious margins, but sometiiues ahuost tapering into the finc awn, which is much longer than the pctals. Petals acutcly acuminate, about 3 lincs long. Stamens 7 to 10 or rarcly more ; conuective-gland sinall. Style inserted ou the staiuinal disk, deciduous. — C. citrtophylla, Scliau. Myrt. Xeroc. 90, and in Pl. Preiss. i. 104 (fmm the character given), but uot of A. Cunn. TV. Australia. Darh'ng range, Gordon river, and near Albany, Preiss, n. 191, 192; Kalgan river and AJouiit El|)hinstone, Ohlfield. — The s])ecinicns which I have scen of C. ciirtophi/lhi, Schau., are past ilower ; thcy look more hke C. brachi/plii/lhi, but Schaucr says thcre are only 8 or 9 stanieus. C. curtophi/lla, A. Cunn., is a varicty of C. flavescens. 15. C. Oldfieldii, Benth. Very nearly allied to C. brachyphylla, with the same habit and foliage, but besidcs the broader bracteoles, the style is persistent and fiec within the slcnder portion of the calyx. Quite glabrous. Leaves oblong-triquetrous, thick aud very obtuse, mostly about 1 line long. Flowers (piuk ?) uearly scssile in the uppcr axils, more corynibose than is usual in C. brachyphylla. Bracteoles \\ to uearly 2 lines long, connate to about tlie luiddle, the frce part broad and obtuse. Calyx-tube 4 lines long or rather more, fusiform below the middle, the slender upper portion not quite solid, biit leaving a deep narrow cavity round the style ; lobes short and broad, with tiue awns scarcely exceeding the petals. Petals about 3 lines long, obtuse. Stamens numerous. W. Australia. S. Hutt river, Oldfield. 16. C. glutinosa, Lindl. Swan Riv. Jpp. 5. Erect, with rather stout not much l)ranchc(l stcms of 1 to 2 ft. Leaves erect, linear-teretc, ratlier thick, mucronate, i to \ in. long, the floral ones ofteu much shortcr, acute, flat and dilated at the base into a short stipule-like lobe on each side. Plowers rather large (purplc?), on short pedicels in ovoid terminal hcads, or sometimes lateral by tlie elongation of the shoot. Bracteoles about | in. long, connate to the luiddle, acuminate and almost aristate, kceled, more or less glutinous. Calyx-tube not exceeding the bracteoles at first, but rather longer when in fruit, fusiforui bclow the middle, the upper slender portion frce, enclosing tlie style ; lobes usually truncate, the rigid prominent mid- rib produced iuto an ixm\ much excecding the petals. Petals about 4 liucs CalytJiriv.'] XLViii. myrtace^:. 47 loiig. Stamoiis in some specimcns about 10, in otliers nearly twiee as maiiy, inserted round au aniudar disk ; conuective-gland small. — Schau. Myrt. Xeroe. 91, and Pl. Preiss. i. 104. W. Australia. Swau River, Biummond, \st CoU., Gllhert ; Darliiig raiige, Preiss, n. l'J6. 17. C. angulata, JLindl. Sicon Rlv. Jpp. 6. Glabrous, tlie young branches auguhir. Leaves spreading, niostly linear-triquetrous, rather thiek, obtuse, 2 to 3 lines long, but often shorter and broader on tlie hiteral shoots, and a few ovate, concave, kecled, about \\ lines long. Flowers apparently yellow, shortly pediceUate in the upper axils below the ends of the branclies. Eracteoles about 3 lines long, or ratlier more, uuited to the iui(hlle, enlarged upwards, keeled, soniewhat acute or mucronate, sinooth or glandular-muricate. Calyx-tube very slender, scarcely exceediug the bracteoles at tirst, half as long again when in fruit, slightly fusiform below the middle, the slender upper portion free, enclosing the style ; lobes tnmcate, with a long hair-like awn. Petals about 3 lines long. Stamens numerous ; connective-gland globidar. — Schau. Myrt. Xeroc. 104, and in Pl. Preiss. i. 106. W. Australia. Svvan Kiver, Collie, Dnimmond, \st Coll. n. 161, Tiirner ; Canning river, Preiss, n. 185. 18. C. depressa, Tnrcz. m Bidl. Mbsc. 1847, i. 162. Glabrous, vcry densely branclied aud under 1 ft. high. Leaves crowded, linear-triquetrous, obtuse or very shortly mucrouate, rarely above 2 liues long, rather thick or the Horal oues almost iauceolate and concave. Flowers (yellow ?) uearly sessile in the upper axils. Bracteoles free, abo\it 3 liues long, keeled, narrowed at tiie base and shortly tapering into a short point. Calyx-tube rarely ex- ceeding tlie bracteoles, slightly fusiform below the niiddle, the upper slender free portion enclosing the style ; lobes small, broad, acute, with a tine awn scarcely exceediug the petals. Petals about 3 lines long, acute. Staniens nunierous ; connective thickened into a conical appendage nearly as long as the cells. W. Australia, Drummond, Zrd CoU. n. 24. 19. C, tenuifolia, Meissn. in Journ. Linn. Soc. i. 46. GLdjrous, with nuraerous erect brauches. Leaves crowded on the smaller bvanches, erect or slightly spreading, linear, slender, semiterete or triquetrous, obtuse or mucro- nulate, 3 to 4 liues long in the origiual form. Flowers (pink?) nearly sessile in the upper axils. Bracteoles free, 2 to 2^ lines long, acuminate. Calyx- tube about 3 lines long, or rarely lengtheuing to 4 lines iu fruit, slightly fusiform l)elow the middle, the upper free portion very slender and enclosing the style ; lobes orbicular, about 1 line long, with a fine awn slightly exceeding the petals. Petals acuminate, 2^ to 3 lines iong. Stamens nu- merous ; connective-gland small. W, Australia. Murchison river, Oldfield, Drummond, &th CoU. n. 57. Var. rigidior. Stoiiter, leaves uiore rigid and rather longer ; flowers rather larger. — C. rosea, Meissn. in Journ. Linu. Soe. i. 46. — Drummotid, &th Coll. n. 56. 20. C. strigosa, A. Cunn. in Bot. Mag. imder n. 3323. A low bushy shrnb, more or less pidjescent, or quite «ilabroiis except the flowers. Leaves ereet or spreading, linear-oblong, rather thick, subterete or triquetrous, obtuse, 48 XLViii. MYRTACE.E. {Calythrix. 1 to 2 linos lonjT, tlic flornl ones somotimos broadly oblong or ovate and con- cave. Flowers (pink or lilac?) nearly sessilc at or below tlie ends of the branches, forining sonietimes a dense leafy .corymbose panicle. Bracteoles free, 2 to nearly 4 lines long, cuneate, obtuse or scarcely acuminate. Calyx- tube slender, pubescent or hirsute, 4 to 6 lines long, slightly fusiform below the middle, the upper slender free portion enelosing the style ; lobes ovate-Ianceohitc at the base, gradually tapering into shortly plumose awns not much exceeding the petals. Petals 3 to 5 lines long. Stamens nu- nierous round a distiuct annular disk ; connective-glands small. — Schau. Myrt. Xeroc. 108 ; C. lasiantha, Meissn. in Journ. Linn. Soc. i. 46. 'W. Australia. Sharks Bay aiid Dirk Hartog's Island, A. Cunnivgham ; Murchisou river, Chainpioii Hay, Brummond, n. 158, Srd Ooll. n. 178, aud &th Coll. n. 53, Oldjield, li alcull, and ot/iers. 21. C. decandra, R. Br. Herb.; DC. Prod. iii. 208. Small, erect, and quite glabrous. Leaves crowded, lincar, triquetrous or concave, acute or obtuse, ratlier thiek, 2 to 3 or rarely 4 lines long. Flowers large, pink, on short thick pedicels in the upper axils. Bracteoles free, rather narrow, acu- minate, about 4 lines long. Calyx-tube 6 to 7 lines long when in flower, still loiigor afterwards, slightly fusiform below the niiddle, the long slender upper portion free and enclosing the style; lobes scarious, shortly taper- ing into the long awn, not at all ciliate. Petals acuminate, fully 5 lines long. Stamens about 10, very unequal ; connective thick and obliquely conical, larger than the cells, with a small globular glaud in a dorsal cavity. — C. Candollmna, Schau. Myrt. Xeroc. 92 ; C.coHauthtra, P. Muell. Pragm. i. 146. W. Australia. Lucky Bay, U. Brown, Baxter ; Eyre's Range, M'Calluni's Inlet, Stokes Iiilet, E. Mount Barren, Maxwell. 22. C. tenuiramea, Turcz. in Bull. Mosc. 1849, ii. 20. Glabrous, Avith slender divarieate branches, from under 1 ft. to 2 ft. high. Leaves uot crowded, scmiterete or triquetrous, obtuse or scarcely mucronate, from under 2 to above 3 lines long. Flowers (pink or lilac) on short axillary pedicels below the ends of the branches. Bracteoles free or shortly uniled at tlie base, rather narrow, aeuminate or almost awned, 2 to 2^ lines long. Calyx- tube 3 to 3| lines long, slightly fusiform below the middle, the upper very slender portiou appareutly solid but not quite so, leaving a very narrovV cavity in vvhieh tlie style is free ; lobes small, acute, the long rigid awn dilated at the base, fine at the end. Petals rather acute, 3 to 3^ lines loug, Stameiis numorous ; conuective gland small. W. Australia, TJrummond, A:th Coll. n. 50 ; towards Cape Riche, Ilarvey ; sandy plains, ('a|)e Riche, (iordon rivcr, and near Moiint Barker, Maxwell. E-ifccpt in the style free wiihin the calyx-tube, this species niuch resembles the slender branchiug forius of*(7. simplex. 'i"he so-callcd stipules are soinetiincs very coiispicuous. 23. C. Praseri, A. Cann. in Bot. Mag. nnder n. 3323. Quite glabrous. 1 to 2 ft. high, with spreadiug branches. Leaves spreading or rccurved, oblong or linear, keeled or triquetrous, obtuse, rather thick, rarely above 2 liues long. Plowers few in tlie upper axils below the ends of the' branehes, rather large, lilac or purj^le. Bracteoles free, not 2 lines long, narrow- cuneate, very obtuse. Calyx-tube about \ in. long, slightly fusiform below Calyf.lirix.'] XLVIII. ^MYRTACE.^E. 49 tlie middle, tlio long slendcr upper porlion iree, enclosing tlie style; lobes triincate, with very tine liair-like Mwns. Petnls very acule, abont 4 lines long-. Stamens numerous; connective-gland globular. — Schau. Mvrt. Xeroc. 98, and in Pl. Prciss. i. 105. W. Australia. Swan River, Fraser, Lnimmond, \si Coll., Ind CuU. n. 159, Prciss, n. ]'J0, l'J8; Murfhisou river, Oldjield. 24. C. granulosa, Bmth. Scrubby, glabrous, with tortuous divaricate branches. Leaves very spreading, ol)Iong or ovate, thick and very obtuse, all ruider ] line loug. Flowers (pink?) on slender pedicels of nearly 1 line, below the ends ot the branches. Bracteoles quite tree, linear-cuneate, very obtuse, scarcely IJ line long. Calyx-tube 3 or at length nearly 4 lines long, slightly fusiform below the middle, the upperfree portion as long aud searcely inore slender, euclosing the style and slightly dilated at the niouth ; lobes small, truucate, with tine awns much longer than the petals. Petals about 2|^ to 3 lines long, obtuse. Staniens uumerous ; counective-glaud small, globular. W. Australia. jMurehison rivrr, Oldfield. This has soine resemblance \v'lh C. bra- cliijphylla, but is iiiore rigid and scrubby, and tlie bracteoles aud calyx are quile diflerent. 25. C. microphylla, A. Cinm. in Bot. Mag. uucler n. 3323. A tall shrub, or, on baid\s of streams, a sniall tree, witli uumerous small branchlets covered with iuibricated leaves, as in C. arbore&cms. Leaves thick and tri- quetrous, froni under \ line long and alinost obtuse, to above 1 line long aiid acute, more or less ciliate with very short rigid hairs, or wheu luxuriant quite glabrous. Flowers (of a rich red ?) ou thick pedicels of about a line in the upper axils of ihe short branchlets, forming showy corynibose or oblong leafy pauicles. Bracteoles about 2 lines long, setaceous-acuminate, connate at [he base. Calyx-tube scai^cely 3 liues long when first flowering, but lengtheuing to 5 liues, slightly fusiform below the middle, the slender upper portion free, enclosing the style ; lobes ovate, acuminate, with hair-like awns from half the length of, to longer than the petals. Petals narrow, acute, 4 to 5 lines long. Stamens numerous ; couneetive-glaud smalL^ — Schau. Myrt. Xeroc. 89 ; C. exstipulata, DC. Prod. iii. 208, accordiug to Schauer ; C. cnpi-essifoHa , A. Kich. Sert. Astrol. 4L t. 16 {C. cupressoides, A. Eich. 1. c. 43). N. Australia. Glenelg river aud Roebucli Bay, N. W. Coast, Marten ; A'ictoria river and Anihem's Laud, i^. Mueller ; Melville L-land (uot Port Macquarrie), Fraser ; islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown ; exposed cliffs of Port Essiugtou, A. Cimmnyliam, Arinstrong. \'ar. ? tongifolia. Leaves less imbricate, 1 to \\ liue long, nincronate, ciliolate ; bracteolcs short, calycine awns longer thau the petals. — M'Douall Siuarfs Expediilon, lat. 17° 43'. — These small specimens seem alinost to couuect this specics vvith the followiug. 26. C. longiflora, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 12. A tad handsome shrub, quite glabrous. Leaves oblong-liuear or cuneale, obtuse or shortly mucronate, l^ to 2 lines long, or nearly 3 lines on liixuiiaut shoots, rigid wiih acute denticulate-ciliate uuirgins, and a very prominent acute keel. Flowers large (pink?) on short thick pedicels, in the axils of small fioral leaves, forming terminai heads on the short branchlets. Bracteoles about \\ lines long, conuate at the base, truncate and tinely raucronate. Calyx-tube attaining C VOL. III. E 50 XLviii. mvht.\cr;f.. [^Culifthrix. liiics, cvlimlriral, tlio udiiate portioii srarcely fusiform, tlie iipper five porlion about as loiisi', uot iiiore sleiider, eiiclosiiif? the style; lobes sliort, broad, witli loiig hair-like awiis. Petals aciite, 4 to 5 liues long. Staraeiis very numerous ; coauective-gland siiia]!. Queensland. lu the interior, Mdchpll ; Suttor rivcr, F. Mueller. 27. C. leptophyila, Beulh. Quite glabrous. Leaves crowded on (hc short branchlets, sleiider, liiiear, semiterete or triciuctrous, obtuse or scarcely niucronate, mostly about 2 lines. Flowcrs (pink ?) nearly sessile in tlie iippcr axils, niuch smallcr than in C. lonfjijlurn, but otherwise siniilar. Eracteoles connate below the iniddle, acutely acurainate, about 2 lines loiig. Calyx-tube slendcr, about l lincs long, the lower portion scarccly fusiforiu, the upper cylindrical portion free, enclosing the style. Petals and stainens not seen. Queensland. Nevvcastlc Range, F. Maeller ; a singlc S])eeiineii snatched in breakinV.. Prod. iii. 208; Mera. Myrt. t. 1 ; C. ericoides, A. Cunn. iu Field, N. S. Wales, 350; Calylhrix.'] XLViii. MYRTACEyE. 51 C. virgata, A. Cuiiii. m Bot. Mag-. t. 3323 ; C. bninioides, A. Cuiin. in Bot. ]\Iaa;. under tlie same u. ; C. Ijillardierii, C. viryuta, C. scabra, aiui C. bru- nioides, Scluui. Myrt. Xeroc. 93 to 97 ; G. Drowiiii, Schau. 1. c. 108, and probably C. Baneri, Scliau. 1. c. 109; C. pitbesceus, Sweet in G. Don, Gen. Syst. ii. 811; C. Behriana, Sclileclit. Liuasea, xx. 050; C. Schlechleiidahtii, C. rosea, C. leiicaiitha, C. sqnarrosa, C. monticola, and C. Muelleri, Miq. in Nedcrl. Kruidk. Arcli. iv. 116 to 119. N. S. Wales. Port Jacl-, usually flat al)ove and convcx or kceled underiieatli, obtuse or mucronate, 1 to 2 or rarely iiearly 3 bnes I0112;. Fiowers (piiik or white ?) on very short pedicels, in small teriniual leafy beads rarely becominu: lateral by the elougation of the shoot. Bracteoles obovate, slightly ciliolate, about as long as the calyx-tube. Calyx-tube oblong, slightly narrowed at the top, lO-ribbed, glabrous or hirsute at the top, abnut li lines long, slightly p.roduc(nl above the ovary iiito a coucave disk ; lobes obovate, ^ to f liue loiig. Petals oval-oblong, about 2 liues. Stamens often not above 20. Fruiting-calyx aboiit 2 lines long, 5-angled, the seconchuy ribs disappearing. — Gencfi/Uis alpestris, Liudl. in j\litch. Three Exped. ii. 178. Victoria. Crampian niomitains, Mitrliell, F MneUer. S. Australia. Scrub of the S.E. portion of the colony, •/. E. ]Voods. Var. bracteosa. Floral leaves or bracts ovate or orbiciilar, very proiniuent as well as the broad bracteolcs. — On ihe Glenelg, liobertson. 3. Ij. violacea, Lindl. Swan Iiiv. Jjjp. 7. Erect, bushy, more or less pnbescent or hirsute with short hairs. Leaves alteruate or scattered, obloiig, very obtuse, 2 to 3 lines loug, coucave above, convex underneath. Flowcrs (piirple ?) iu the upper axils, fonniug (h-nse terminal heads, the floial leaves short and broad, the uppermost ones scarious on the ei\ge. Bracteoles obovate, very obtuse, scarious with a hcM-baeeous villous keel and base. Calyx-tubc villoiis, 10-ribbed, narrow-turbinate, tapering to a stalk-like base, adnate to the top ; lobes very short aud broad. Petals obovate-oblong, nearly 3 lines long. Stamens Huuierous. — Schau. Myrt. Xcroc. 85. W. Australia. Swan River, Dri/mino/id, \st CoU. n. 1G2; Gilbert. 4. Li. ciliata, F. MuM. Ilerh. Appareutly a small species', with slender erect pubescent braiiches. Leaves mostly o])posite, appressed, oblong-lanceo- late or linear, almost acute, concave and obtusely keeled, 1 to l^ bnes long, glabrous except the margin, which is ciliate witli short soft hairs. Flowers (puqile?) nearly sessile below the ends of the branchcs. l^racteoles narrow, as long as the calyx-tube, connate to the middle. Calyx-tube narrow turbi- nate, pubescent, obscurely ribbed, rather above 1 line loug; lobes broad, truncate, scarious, about ^ line long. Petals about 2 liues. Stamens numei'ous. W. Australia. Ohlficld river, Plantagenet and Stirling rangcs, Ma.rweU. 5. L. brevifolia, Sc/i/ai. in Pl. Preiss. i. 103. Branches rather slender, erect, virgate, more or less pubescent or rarely glabrous. Leaves scat- tered, liuear, tricpietrous or concave and keeled, obtuse, rarely above 2 lines loug, glabrous, miuutely ciliate or pubescent. Flowers smail, nearly sessile along the branchcs as in L. ericoides. Bracteoles free or scarcely cohering at the base. Calyx-tubc at iirst alniost concealed by the bracteoies, but afler Lhotzkl/a.l XLVIII. MYllTACEyE. 55 flo\veriii-;itc. Leaves erect or soniewliat sprcadiiiii-, l)roa; as the calyx-lobes, couuiveut. Stauieus 10, iuscrted just withiu the luaro-iu of the disk ; filaiucuts short ; authcr-cells g'lobular, divaricate, the couuective-glaud half as large as the cells. Ovules 6 to 10, in 2 rovvs, along a lateral placenta extending from tlie base to the summit of the cavity of the ovary, wliicb is larger thau iu most species. W. Australia, Brummond, %rd Coll. n 33. 2. T. australis, Endl. in Ann. JVien. Miis. ii. 192. Brauchcs sleuder, erect, virgatc. Lcaves erect, liuear, semitercte or coiicave, somcwhat thickciicd iiiiwartls, wilh a sliort fiiie ri'CiuTcd poiiit rarcly wauling, al)qut 3 Thrt/ptomene.'] XLViii. MYRTACE.i;. 59 or rarely 3 liiies long. "Plowers axillary, on very short pedicels. Erncteoles coucave, keeled, very deciduous. Calyx-tube turbiuate, 10-ribbed, almost entirely aduate, 1 to l^ liue long ; lobe? spreading to nearly 3 liues diameter. Petals about as long as tlie calyx-lobes, very broad, connivent. Stamens 10, iuserted within the margin of the disk ; fihunents filifonn, much longer than the anthers ; anther-cells nearly globuhir, furrowed, open- ing iu pores or short slits in the furrows ; counective-ghuul at least half as hu'ge as tlie cells. Ovules 4 or 6, on a short exceutrical phicenta at the base of a small cavity near the top of the calyx-tube. Style siiort with a broad stigma. — Sehau. ]\Iyrt. Xeroc. 81. t. 6 A. \^^. Australia. E. of Ncvv Yoik, /. S. Roe ; Phillips raiige aiid Salt river, Maxwell. 3. T. tenella, Benth. Brauches virgate, very sleuder. Leaves erect or spreadiug, iinear, semiterete or coucave, sHghtly thickened upwards, with fine recurved poiuts, as in 'L\ andralis, but more sleuder. Flowers axillary, ou short pedicels, not half the size of those of T. anstralis, but only scen iu fruit. Calyx-tidje thin, nearly globular, .5-ribl)ed, \ liue diameter; lobes spreadiug to little raore thau 1 line diameter. Petals not louger, conuivent. Stameus all fallen away from the specimeus. Eudocarp crustaceous, contaiuing 2 hemispherical seeds, or 1 uearly globular aud the other suudl aud abortive. W. Australia, Dmmmond, ^ih Coll. Siippl. n. 24. 4. T. prolifera, Turcz. in Bull. Mosc. 1862, ii. 32i. Brauchcs uume- rous, erect and slender. Leaves erect or slightly spreadinir, linear or liuear- oblong, obtuse or with a short recurved poiut, 1 to 2 lines loug. Plowers ou very short pedieels in tlie upper axils, usually forming a small tuft at the base of the youug shoots. Bracteoles sniall, obovate, coucave, narrowed at the base. Calyx-tube turbinate, obtusely 5-ribbed at the base, tlie free part 10-ribbed aud very broad ; lobes orbicular, about 1 liue broad. Petals about the size of the calyx-lobes. Stameus 10; filaraents short ; auther- cells globular, divaricate ; couuective-gland small. Ovary readily separatiug from the calyx-tube, witli 4 ovules on a small ereet basal phiceuta. ■W. Australia. Betweeu Moore and Murchisou rivers, Bnimmond, Glh Coll. n. 62. 5. T. saxicola, Schau. in Pl. Preiss. i. 102. Erect with virgate branches. attaining 3 or 4 ft. (rarely diftuse or prostrxite?). Leaves obovate- oblong, flat, witli the midrib scarcely couspicuous, obtuse or slightly acute, H to 3 lines loug. Elowers small, on sleiuler pedicels of 1 to l^ liiu-s in the upper axils. Bracteoles laiiceolate, very deciduous. Calyx-tube not ^ line loiig, turbinate, irregidarly 10-ribbed, wilh the ribs raore or less wriiikled, or entirely wrinkled without distinguishable ribs, the free part very short and broad ; lobes broad and very obtuse, about -g- liue long. Petals ori)ictdar, uearly 1 liue long, conniveut. Stamens 10 ; filaments siiort ; auther-cells pendulous, not furrowefl, 0]:)euiug in pores or short slits. Ovary sinall, near the top oF the calyx-tube, witli 2 ovules on a short basal placenta. Seeds usually 2. — Br£c/,-ea saxicola, A. Cunn. in Bot. Mag. t. 3160 ; Astrren saxi- coln, Schau. in LinnBea, xvii. 239 ; Eremopyxis cawphornta, Baill. Adans. ii. 329 (biit not Backea caniphorata, R. Br.) ; Scholtzia Jecandra, F. Muell. rra"m. iv. 75. 60 XLViii, MVKTACEJE. [Tlmjptomene. W. Australia. King George's Sound, and eastward tovvards Capc Richc, A. Cun- nhKjham ; Di-uitiminul, ^th Coll. n. 126 ; Oldfield, and others. 6. T. Johnsonii, F. Mnell. Fragm.. iv. 77. Erect ancl densely branclied. Leaves obovate-orbicular, thick, witli a proniiiient keel, obtuse or with a sinall recurved point, rarely 1 liue loup;. Flowers ahriost sessile iu the upper axils. Bracteoles obovoid-orbiculnr, spreadiug, nearly fiat, scarious, above 1 line long. Calyx-tube broadly turbinate, 15-ribbed ; lobes very thin and scarious, broadly orbicular, about f line loiig. Petals orbicular, aboiit as lono; as the calyx-lobes. Auther-cells obovoid-globular, penduloiis and divergeiit, openiui!; in terniinal pores. Oviiles 2, oii a very short basal phi- centa in a siiudl cavity at the top of the calyx-tube. Fruit with a hard gh)- buhir endocarp ench)sing 1 globular or 2 heniispherical seeds. V^. Australia. Probably Murehisou river, Herh. F. Mueller. 7. T. racemulosa, Turcz. in BuU. Mo.sc. IS-l?, i. 156. Erect and bu.shy, with v(;ry uuuicrous rather slender branches. Leaves obovate, erect, or slightly spreading, tliick and concave or keeled, obtiise, 1 to l^ liues loug. Flowers on very short pedieels in the upper axils. Bracteoles sinall, broad, concave, keeled, spreading, conuate at the base. Calyx-tube heniispherical, iiot kf^eled, very riigose aud pitted ; lobes spreading to 2 lines diaineter, soiu(!what enlarg(;d in fruit. Petals rather shorter thaii the calyx-lobes Auther-ct'Ils obovoid, flivergent, detlexed, not tiirrowed, opening in small terniinal pores ; connective small. Ovules 2, ou a short basal placeiita. Seeds 1 or 2 iu a hard globular eudocarp. W. Australia, Drummond, 2nd Coll. n. 58, Srd Coll. n. 32. 8. T. denticulata, Benth. Much branched. Leaves ovate, obovate or almost obloug, thick, concave, keeled, looscly imbricate and deciissate on thc sinaller brauches, obtuse, about 1 line loug. Flowers shortly peduncii- hit(! in the iipper axils. Bracteoles ovate or oblong, concave, spreadiug, iisually persistent even after the flowers liave fallen. Calyx-tiibe turl)inate or at length hemisphcrical, riigose ; lobes ovate or orbiciilar, miuiitely denlicii- late or almost eutire, rather i"igid, at least half as lon^ as tlie petals. Petals nearly 1-|- lines long, entire. Stamens 10 ; tihainents very sliort ; anther-cells obovoid, qiiite distinct, openiug iii terminal pores ; connective-gland small. Ovnles 2, on a short basal placeuta, aduate to one side of the cavity. — Scholtzia denficnlata, F. Miiell. Fragm. iv. 75. ■V^T. Australia. Murch'son river, Oldfinld, Burf/ess. Very nearly allicd to T. Ixerke- an-n, anil perhaiis a varicty only, with largcr lcss inibricate leavcs and larsicr ttowers, the calyx-lobcs usually larijer iu proportiou to the petals. Soine speciiueus ot' DruuiUioud's iu th(; :jrd ( 'dII. ii. 33, ajipcar aluiost to counect the two. 1). T. baeckeacea, F. Muell. Frngm. iv. 65. A very denscly branched slirub of 1 to 2 ft. Leaves obovate or obloug, triquetrous, imbricate and de- cussate on the branehlets, obtiise, rarely 1 iine long. Flowers small in the ijpper axils, iiearly sessile or the pedicels shorter than the leaves, iisually below the ends of the brauches. Bracteoles coucave, k(^eled, green, with only the mar- gins scarioiis. Calyx-tube broadly turl)inate, rugose, not ribbed ; lol)e3 petal- like, ori)icidar, aboiit \ line lon<);. Petals orbicular, twice as loug as the calyx-lobes. Staiucus lO^ vcry short ; authcr-cells obovoid-glubular, pen- Thrypiomeiie.'] xi.vin. MYRT.\CE.f:. 61 diilons, diverg-ent, opeiiinii; iu sniall terminal pores ; eonnective-oland sniall. Ovary very sliort in tlie bottoni of tlie calyx-tnbe, witli 2 ovules uttaclied to a lateral placenta. — BcscJcea vikranlhn, DC. Prod. iii. 230 ; Mem. Myrt. t. 14. W. Australia. Rocky plarcs ucarthe Murcliisou river, Oldfield ; Sharks Bay, Herh. Mus. Far. {itt Herb. R. Brown arid Sonder). 10. T. strongylophylla, F. Mndl. Ihrb. Nearly allied to T. hcecke- acea, and perliaps a small variety. Leaves closely inibrieate and decussate on tbe branclilets, orbicuhir, coucave, not keeled, very obtuse, rarely exceed- ing \ line diaiueter, the tioral oues smaller. Fiowers in the npper axils, on pedicels of i to f line, formiug- little tenniual leafy corymbs. Bracteoles ovate, small, very deciduous. Calyx-tube broadiy tuibinate, rngose, not ribbed ; lobes petal-like, orbiridar, not ^ line diameter. Petals orbicnhir, al)out tvviee as loug as the calyx-lobes. Stamens 10, sliort ; antlier-cells ohovoid, pendnlous, divero-eut, opening iu small terminal pores. Ovary short, witli 2 ovules on a short basal somewhat lateral placenta. "W. Australia. ^luichisou rivcr, Oldfield. 11. T. hyporhytis, Tarcz. in Bull. Mosc. 1862, ii. 321. Appareutiy a small shrub, with uumerous erect branches, not exeeediug 6 in. iu onr spe- cimens. Leaves linear or almost oblong, erect, thick and concave, very ob- tuse, 2 to 8 lines long, or those imme(h"ate]y aliout the fiowers ofteti much sliorter. Flowers small, oii sleuder pedicels of 2 lines or more. Bracteoles short, bioad, very concave and keeled. Calyx-tube hemis]jherieal or very broadly turbinate, vugose and pitted ; lobes petal-like, orbicnlar, | line broad. }'etals not twice as long as the calyx-lobes. Stamens 10; anther- cells obovoid, divergent, pendulons, opening in terminal pores ; connective- gland small. Ovnles 2, on a short basal placenta, aduate to one side of the cavity. W. Australia. Retween ^loorc aud Murchison rivers, Brummond, &th Coll. n. 63. 12. T. Maisonneuvii, F. Mudl.Frngin. iv. 64. Yery unich branched, with the aspect and foliage of T. Johnsonii. Leaves obovate, thick, proini- iiently keeled, very obtuse, rarely 1 liue long. Flowers nearly sessile in the upper axils. Calyx-tube shortly campauulate, rugose and pitteci, not ribbed ; lobes very short, thick and triangular, with lateral, divaricate, scarious auricles. Petals orbicnlar, fully 1 liue diameter, and apparently spi'eading. Stamens 5, inserted outside the broad thick disk ; aniher-cells distinct, on a thick conuective. Overy 1-celled, vvith 4 to 6 ovules on a lateral placcnta iu the upper ])ortion of the cavity, N. Australia. Fincke river, M'DouaU Stuarfs E.rpedition. Thc flovvers are very far advaiiccd, auJ I do not feel contideut of having exactly ascertaiued some of the details of their structuic. 13. T. Mitchelliana, F. Mnell. Frngm. i. 11. 'I'all and bushy, with slender virgate braiiches. Leaves oblong or slightly cnneate, iiat, with the niidrib scarcely ])roniinent, obluse or mueronite, ^ to | in. long, or the tloral ones or rarely nearly all shortcr and broader. Flowers solitary or 2 or 3 to- gether in the upper axils, on pedicels rarely as long as the calyx. Bracteoles falling otf so early as to be rarely seen. Calyx-tnbe ovate-campanulate, about 1 line long, inconspicuously ribbed, produced above the ovary, tlie free part 62 XLViii. MYiiTACE.F-. [Thri/pfoineiie. sonictimcs ciiTumsciss tiise or mucronnl.-ite, 2 to 3 iines long. Flowers on short ]KHlicels, solitary in c;ich axil bclow the cnds of the branchlcts. 15racteolcs vcry sniall. Calyx-tube cylindrical or slightly tiirbinate, 10-ribbed, above 1 liue long, adnat(! to tlie top ; lobcs obovate, about f liiie long. Pctals rather broader and shorter. Stamens 5 ; aiither-cells globular, distiiict, di- variciite, furrowed, opeuing in short slits ; connective-gland prominent. Oviiles 2, on a basal almost lateral placenta, in a small cavity near the top of the ca1yx-tube. S. Austraiia. Kiingaroo Islaud, Bannier, Waterhouse. Difters froin T. micrant/ia chielly iu the foliage. Thryptomeue.'] XLViii. myrtace.e. 63 17. T. oligandra, F. Mnell. Trrujm.x. 11. Arboresceut, witli iinmerous sleuder rigid braiichlets. Leuves spre;uliug, broadly ovate or obovate, Hut willi the niidrib aud oiten the priuiaiy veius couspicuous uuderneath, very ohtuse, 2 to 3 liiies loug. Flowers ahuost scssiU^ solitary or 2 or 3 together iu each axd aloug the brauchiets. Bracteoles orbicuhir, suudl. Calyx-tube turbiuate, prouiiueutly lO-ribbed ; lobes petal-like, spreadiug to about 2 liiies diameter. Petals ratlier shorler thau the calyx-lol)es, couuiveut. Stameus 5 ; antlier-cells jjlobular, distiuct, furrowed, opeuing in short slits ; couuec- tive-gland proiuineut. Ovules 2, on a lateral almost basal placeuta iu a smail cavity uear the top ot' the calyx-tube. W. Australia. Islands of the Giilf of Caipentaria, R. Browii. Queensland. Endenvour river, Banks aiid So/aiidfi); A.. Ciuininijham ; saiiJy table- laiul on tlie Suttor, f. Mnellnr ; Lizanl Island, M'Gillivraij. Var. [7) jjarvijlora, F. jMupU. Leaves liiiear-oblor.g or cnneatc, evect or spreading at the top, obtuse or mncronnlate, 1 to 2 lincs long, concave above, couve.x «nderneath, without any proininent midrib. Flowei-svery small, nearly sessile and suiitary in tlie u])per axils. Brac- teoles ovaie, very deciJiious. Calyx-tube scarcely h liue loug, tlie tlovvers otherwise as iii T. oligandra. W. Australia. Barren places, Gilbert river, Gulf of Carpcntaria, F. MueVer. The foliage, like that of soine Epacridece, aiid the very sinall flowers seeni aluiost siitfiiMeiit to ciiaracterize a distinct speeies. 11. MICSOMYIITUS, Benth. Calyx-tube cyliudrical or turblnate, 5- or 10-ribbed; lobes small, petal- like or scarioub, persisteut, sometimes retals and calyx-lobes aud immerscd style readily dis- tiiiguish it, indepeudeutly of tiie structure of the ovary. 5. S. capitata, T. Mnell. Ilerb. A twigo^y shnib of 8 to 10 ft. Leaves broadly obovate or alinost rhoiul)oidal, obtuse or aluiost acute, narrowed iuto a short petiole, roncave, thick and rigid, rarely attaining 2 lines. Flowers rather small, white, iu a dense almost capitate cyme on a peduucle cousider- ably exceeding the leaves. Calyx-tube ovoid-campanulate, densely pitted and. rugose as iu some Thryptomenes ; lobes petal-like, nearly half as long as the petals. Petals scarcely 1 line diaraeter. Stamens apparently few, but more or less falleu from the Howers exauiined, all very far advanced. Ovary 2- celled, with 2 superposcd ovules in each cell. TV. Australia. Murchisou river, Ohlfield, Brnmmond, n. 134. F. Muell., Fragm. iv. 75, observes that tliis may be a variety of S. uberijtora, but it has not the peculiar foliage of that species, aud iu the calyx it is ditterent both frora that and from S. obovata, which it resembles in some respects. 6. S. umbellifera, F. Muell. Fragni. iv. 75. A small shrub, with slender, erect, virgate brauches. Leaves narro"w-cuueate, erect aud recurved, thick, coucave or keeled, obtuse, about 1 line long, often miuutely denticu- late-ciliate. Peduucles louger than the leaves, bearing each an unibel of 3 to 6 small white fiowers ou short slender pedicels. Bracts at the base of the pedicels small and deciduous. Calyx-tube turbinate, not \ line loug ; lobes petal-like, not half as long as the petals. Petals orbicular, about f liue diameter. IStaniens 6 to 9 ; filaments filiform ; anthers broadly obcordate or uearly globular, the cells united nearly to tlie top and opening in terminal pores. Ovary more or less perfectly 2-ceIied, with 2 snperposed ovnles ia each cell or ou each side of the placenta ; style vevy shortly immersed. yjV. Australia. Fliuders Bay, Collie ; Champion Bay, Walcott. 7. S. laxiflora, Benth. Apparently a tall shrub with slender virgate brauches. Leaves obovate-cuueate, much narrowed at the base, flat or slightly coucave, obtuse or mucrouulate, 1 to 2 liues long. Plowers small, iu little umbels of 3 to 5 or rarely solitary, on filifonn peduncles exceediug the leaves. Calyx-tube broadly turbinate, scarcely rugose, about ^ liue loug or i'ather niore ; lobes broad, short, petal-like. Petals orbicular, about 1 line diaineter. Stainens 10 ; auther-cells united, opeuing in large oblong pores. Ovary 2- or rarely 8-celled, with one asceuding ovule iu each cell , style very shortly immersed. VT. Australia. Betwecu Moore and Murchison rivers, Drmnmond, dth ColL n- 6-4. 8. S. leptantha, Bentk. A low bushy shrub with virgate branches, allied to S. capituta and S. parvijlora, but readily distiuguished by the calyx. Leaves froin narrow-obovate to almost orbicular, erect and recurved, rigid, nearly flat oV concave, obtnse or with a slightly prominent midrib, 1 to l^ liues long. Peduncles louger than the leaves, bearing each a dense capitate cyme of small white flowers. Bracts small, deciduous. Cnlyx-tube uarrow- turbiuat", obscurely riblied, aboiit 1 line long; lobes usually short aiid broad aud rarely exceeding \ of the petiils. Petals about f liiie diameter. Stamens about 8 to 10; anther-cells globular, very saiall, quite distinct, opeiiiug in 70 XLVllI. MYKIACE/E. [Sc/ioltzia. sliort loiigiludiual slits. Ovary more or less perfectly 2-celIe(l, with 2 super- posed oviiles iu eaeh cell or on euch side of the placeuta ; style shortly iiiimersed. W. Australia. Scashore, Sliarks' Bay, MUne, also iu Herb. 11. Brown from Herb. Mus. Par. 'rtiis is, thererore, probably the true Bceckea obovata, DC. Prod. iii. 230. 9. S. parviflora, F. Mudl. Fragm. iv. 76. A spreading shrub of 6 to 8 ft. Leaves from broadly-obovate or abnost spathulate and much nar- rowed at tlie base to nearly orbieular, mostly about or under 1 line lono;, rarely nearly 2 liues on the maia braiiches. Peduncles very short, bearing- usually 3 small wliite flowers. Calyx-tube broad, sUghtly ruo^ose, not ^ bne long ; lobes bi-oad, entire, not half as long as the petals. Petals spreading, scarcely above \ bue diameter. Stamens about 5 ; antlier-cells ovoid- globuhir, distinct, opening almost to tlie base in longitudinal nearly parallel slits ; connective-gland small. Ova^y flat-topped, 2-ceUed, with 1 ascentUng ovule in each cell; style immersed in a deep tubular central depression. Young fruit apparently separating into 2 cocci. ■W. Australia, Briimmond, 2nd Coll. n. 75 (4^/« Coll. f), n. 56 ; Murchisou river, Oldjield. lii Druiurnoud's specimeus the leaves are smaller, more spreading, more orbicular, aud Icss uairoued at the base thau iu 01dfield's. 10. S. oligandra, F. Mnell. Herb. A spreading densely-branched shrub of about 4 or 5 ft. Leaves spreading, decussate on thc smaller branches, obovate-orbicular, thick, flat or concave, nerveless, very obtuse, 1 liue or rather more in diameter. Flowers small, solitary or 3 together, sessile on a short peduncle articulate at the top, with minute orbicular exceediiigly deciduous braets. Calyx-tube turbinate, nearly f line long, lobes short and broad, petal-Iike, entire. Petals nearly 1 line long. Staincns about 5 ; filaraents short ; anther-cells deeply furrovved and opening iii the furrows, having the appearance of 4 globular coUateral cells. Ovary neaily flat, with 2 superposed ovules in each cell ; the style not very deeply immersed. Fruit separating into 2 hard usually 1-seeded cocci. Vy. Australia, Brimmond {pih Coll?), n. 147; Murchison river, Oldfield. Drum- moud's speciiueus have nuuierous flowers, but far advanced, and have lost their stameus. lu 01dfield's, the flovvers are very few, but more perfect ; both appear, howcver, to beloug to oue specics. 11. S. Drummondii, Benth. IMuch branclied and rigid. Leaves obovate or orbieular, spreading, thick, flat or concave, very obtuse, mostly about 1 line long. Peduncles rather slender but rigid, longer than the leaves, bearing 1 or rarely 3 Howers, sessile at the top, and much larger than in L. oHfjandra. Calyx-tube hemispherical, smooth or scareely rugose, lobcs petal- like, about half as loiig as tlie pctals. Petals persistent, spreading, 1 ^- lines diameter. Scamens not seen. Ovary after Hovvering convex, 2- or more frequently 3-ceIIed, with 2 superposed ovules in each cell. Style vcry shortly iminersed. W. Australia, Brtomnoitd {3rd Coll. f), n. 38. 12. S. teretifolia, Benth. Stcins iii our specimens numerous, erect, fi to 8 in. high. Leaves linear, terete or ehannelled above, obtuse, not ex- cecding 2 liues and niostly clustered as iii Adarten. Plowers solitary or 2 or 3 logcthcr ou very short peduneles in tlie upper axils. Calyx-tubc bioadly SchoUzia.'] XLViir. mirtace^. 71 turbinate, soinewhat nig'ose, abont 1 line diaineter; lobes broad, scarious, (ientieulate-ciliate. Petals twice as long as tlie calyx-lobes, nearly l^ lines dianieter. Stamens above 20 ; iiiaments rather long ; anthers broadly obcor- date or the eells almost distinct, ojiening in large oblong pores. Ovary very convex or almost free, 2-celled with 2 superposed ovules in each ceil ; style immersed in a central tubular depression. ■^V. Australia, lirumvwnd, n. 136. The foliage gives this plaiit a very ditfercnt aspect froni that of the other species, yet the ttoral characters are eulirely those of Scholtzia. 13. BiECKEA, Limi. (Jungia, Grertn.; Irabricaria, 6'w.; Schidiomyrtus, Rinzia, Euryomyrtus, Cainphoromyrfus, Tetrapora, Harmogia, and Oxymynhine, Schaii.; Babiugtoiiia, Zwf//., Ericomyrtus, Tiircz.) Calyx-tube turbinate or heraispherical, adnate to tbe ovary at the base, the free part broad and open ; lobes 5, iinbricate, continuous witli ihe tube or more or less scarious, usually persistent. Petals 5, broadly obovate or orbi- cular, longer than the calyx-lobes, spreading. Stamens rarely exceeding 20 aiid often under 10, free, in a single row round the margin of the dislv, and usually horizontally intiected in the bud. rihiments tibform or flat ; anther- cells uuited or distinct, opening in lougitudinal slits or in small pores. Ovary adnate to the lower part of the calyx-tube or enclosed in it, and either more or less convex at the top or semiadnate or free except the broad base, 2- or 3-celled, with 2 coUateral or several ovules in each cell, in 2 rovvs or in a ring round a more or less peltate placenta ; style filiform, glabrous, inscrted in a dtep tubukr or rarely shallovv (h^pression in tlie centre of the ovary ; stigma capitate or peltate. Capsule partially or whoUy superior, enclosed in the scarcely enlarged calyx-tul)e, opening at tlie top loculicidally in 2 or 3 valves. Seeds eithei- 1 or 2 in each cell and reniform, or several and more or less augular ; testa thin or sligiitly crustaceous ; embryo filliug the seed, the radicular portion thick and clavate, with a slender sliort neclc folded against the side and shortly divided into 2 ovate or oblong cotyledons. — Heath-like glabrous shrubs. Leaves small, opposite, entire. Flowers sniall, white or pink, eitlier sobtary iu the axils on a peduncle articulate at, above, or rarely i)elovv the middle, with tvvo sinall bracteoles at the articulation, or several together on a short common peduncle witli a small bract at the base of each pcdicel. The genus is chietty Austrah'an, but one of the common East Australian species extends into New Caledonia, aiid 2 or 3 others not Austraiian are found in Nevv Caleclonia or in the liidian Archipelago and S. China. Much as several of the species dilFcr from each other iu the stamens as weil as in the ovary, it is exceediiigly ditiicult to distribute the wliole into good scctions, for the dillereut forms appear either to pass iuto each other by alniost iuseusible gradations, or to be strictly nionotypic, and noiie have appcared to uie to be sutiicieiitly accompauicd by ditferences in haliit or by any combination of characters to justify the adoption of auy of the loiig list of scparate gcuera proposed l)y Schaiier aud othcrs. 'J'he preseuce or abseuce of the tive staniens opposed to the prtals is perhaps the most marlicd, bnt even tliat appcars to be uucertain in the few cases where the stamciis exceed 20. The anthers of the first sections are very ditlerent from those of the last, but thosc of Harmoijia and 0.rijini/rrhiue show a graduai passage from the one to the otiicr. A. Stawens 10 or nwre, of which 5 (often larger ihan ihe uthers) opjiosite the centre of the petals. Anther-cells jiarailel, ojiening lonyitadinally. 72 XLViii. MYRTACE.*;. [Bceckea. Section 1. Rinzia. — Filaments all, or at lcast those opposlte the petats, distmctly Jlattened. Stnmens 10. Ovary siiperior except the broad base, with 2 or rarely 3 ovules iu each cell. Pedicels exceeding the leaves. Leaves ovate or obloug, thick, 1 to l^ lines long 1.5. plali/slemona. Leaves linear, 1 to 3 lines long 2,. B. Fumana. Ovary convex, but alinost entirely inferior, with usually 3 ovules ia each cell. Pedicels shorter than the small ercct leaves . 3. B. dimorphandra. Ovary very couvex or half-superior, with 4 to 6 or luore ovules in each cell. Pediceis rauch longer than the leaves. Leaves linear or lanceolate, flat 4. B. schollerifoHa. Leaves ovate or orbicular, thick and very convex ^. B. owycovcoides. Stameus 15 to 20. Leaves liuear, semiterete 6. B. Druthniondii. Section 2. Euryomyrtus. — Filaments filiform or very slightly dilated. Stamens 10. Ovules 2, 3, or rarely 4 in each cell. Leaves linear, loose or spreading. Pedicels louger than the leaves. Ovary convex 1. B. diffusa. Leaves thick, obovoid to liaear-terete. Pedicels uot exceediag the leaves. Ovary convex 8. -B. crassifolia. Leaves under 1 liue long, imbricate and decussate. Ovary flat- topped 9. ZJ. tetragona. Stameus 15. Ovules 2 in each ceU. Leaves rarely above 1 linelong. Leaves very suiali, imbricateand decussate. Flovvers nearly scssile 10. B. encaa. Leaves above I liue long, rather loose. Flowers shortly pedicellate 8. B. crassifolia, \'a.r. Stamens 20 to 30. Ovary convex, with about 8 ovules in each cell. Leaves lincar-terete, 1 to 3 lines long. Pedicels short. Calyx- lobes petal-like 1]. B. pohjstemona. {B. polyandra with numerous stamens has the petaliue ones preseut, but the authers are vpry difi^ereut from those of Earyomyrlus.) B. Stamens feio or numerous, hvt none opposite the centre of the petals, ejccepting very rarely, when there are more than 20. Ovules several in each cell. Skction 3. Schidiomyrtus. — Anther-ceUs distinct, parallel, opening longitudinally to the base. Flowers solitary. Ovary 2- or rarely {in B. astarteoides) Z-celled. Leaves broadly ovate or orbicular, flat or concave, l^ to 3 liues loag 12. B. cremilata. Leaves thiek, triquetrous, decussate, ^ to 1 line long 13. B. brevifolia. Leaves concave, from aarrow-obovate and 1 liae to Unear-cuneate aad 3 lines loug. Calyx-lobes cntire 14. 5. Gunniana. Calyx-lobes deiiticulatc-ciliate 15. ^. diosmifolia. Leaves linear, seinitcrete or triquetrous, or subulate, 2 to 9 lines long. Galyx-tube broadly turbiuate. Leaves lincar, concave, rigid. Stamens about 5. Flowers about 1 liue long 16. 5. Irptocanlis. Flowers about i liue loug 17. .^. arbuscula. Leaves semiterete or triquetrous, usually short and clustcrcd in the axils. Stameus 6 to 8 18. 5. astarteoides. Leaves liucar-subulate, usually long. Stamens 10 lo 15 . . . 19. B. linifolia. Calyx-tube narrow-turbiuate. Leaves lincar-subulate, usually loag. Flowers very small. Stameus about 5 20. B. stenophylla. Seption 4. Harmogia. — Anther-celh distinct, nearly glohular, deeply furroiced, •parallcl or divergent, and opening more or less in longitudinal slils in the furrows. Ovary 'i-celli-d, teith several ovules in each cell. Eastern species. Leaves flat. Fiovvers often clustered or umbellate. Leaves oblong-cuueate or nearly linear, uuder 3 lines l£. {B(£ckea. cells distiiict, parallcl, and opeiiinsj longitiidinally to tlie basc. Ovary 3- celled. Flowers pedieellate or uearly sessile, solitary in each axil. 7. B. diffusa Sieb. in DC. Prod. iii. 230. Prostrate or diffuse, with slender branclies, oftcn attaining a considerable length. Leaves linear, flat, or thick and concave, sniooth or striate, acute or ahnost obtuse, from 2 to 4 or even 5 liues long. Flowers solitary, on slender axillary pedicels of 2 or 3 hnes, with a suiall bract at tlie base aud a pair of bi-acleoles usually about the niiddle. Calyx-tube broadly turbiuate or heinispherical, at lcast l^ lines diaineter; lobes short and broad, iniuutely ciHate. Petals nearly l^ lines diametcr. Stamens 10 ; tilameuts filiforin or sliglitly dilated, especially tliose opposite the petals, but mucli less so tlian iu the Rinzias ; anther-cells dis- tinct and parallel, with a rather hnrge obovoid-globuhnr connective-gland. Ovary convex, 3-celled, with 3 or 4 ovules in each cell; style very shortly iuimersed. Capsule ludf-superior. Sceds usually 2 in each cell, collateral, rather large, with a lateral liilum ; testa crustaceous. Embryo with the slender cotyledonar end transversely flexuose or twisted. — Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 142; F.^Muell. Fragm. iv. 67 ; B. olpina, Lindl. in Mitch. Thrce Exped. ii. 178; B. thymifolia, Hook. f. in Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 284, and in Fl. Tasm. i. 141 ; B. affinis and B. prostrata, Hook. f. in Hook. Ic. Ph t. 284 ; Enryo- wyrtns diffusa, E. alpina, and E. thymifuUa, Schau. in Linnsea, xvii. 239 ; Enryomyrtus parviflora and E, Stuartiana, F. MuelL ; Miq. in Ned. Kruidk. Arch. iv. 149. N. S. Wales. Port Jackson to the Blue Mouiitaiiis, R. Brown ; Sieber, n. 276, aud others. Victoria. Alpine and subalpine heights, Mounts William, Biiller, Barkly, Liger, etc., F. Maeller. Tasmania. Derwent river and Port Dalrym])le, R. Brotcn. — Abuudant on hcaths, es- pccialiy oii rivcr banks, /. I). Hooker. The forms ori,i;:iually distiiip;uished by J. D. Hooker as species, are now shown by a num- ber of intcrmediate spccimeus to ruu so mueh into each other as not to be easily scparable as varietics. 8. B. crassifolia, Lindl. in Mitch. Three Exped. ii. 115. Low and much-branched, ofteu diffuse. Leaves spreading, tliiekly obovoid or oblong, very obtuse, aud \ to 1 liue long, or rarely linear-terete, almost acute and 2 liues or rather longer. Flowers on pedicels of | to 1 liue, solitary in each axil, and usually 2 or 3 only on short lateral braiichlels. Bracteoles so deci- duous as to be rarely seen. Calyx-tube broadly turbiuate or hemispherical, nearly l line diameter ; lobes broad, obtuse, nearly as long as the tube, with petal-like margins. Petals twice as long as the calyx-lobes. Stainens 10 ; filameuls all tiliform ; anther-cells parallel, openiug longitudinally, with con- spicuous connective-glands. Ovary convex, but not much so, 3-celIed with 2 collateral ovules in each cell ; style very shorlly immersed. Capsule nearly half-supcrior. Seeds and embryo nearly as iu B. diffusa, but uot so large. — F. ]\I\u'll. Fragin. iv. 66. N. S. TVales. Deserts of the Darling and j\Jurrumbidgee, F. Mueller (I have not sccn tlic spcciiucns). Victoria. On thc Murray and in the Wimmera district, F. Mueller and others. S. Australia. Sandy deserts from Spcnccr's and St. Vincenfs Gulfs to the Murray, F. Mueller and olhcrs ; Kangaroo Islaud, Walerhon.^ie. Var. (?) iro.iandra, F. Mucll. Stameus usnaily 1 opposile eath petal, and2or sometimcs 3 in thc iutcrvuls. BcBckea.l XLviii. myrtacea;. 77 ^V. Aastralia. Liiiicsfoiie cliffs towards the Great Australian Bijrht, MaxioeU. — Notvvithslandiiig the ditlerenee iu foiiaire and habit, it is possible that these specimens may be a forni rather of B. eriraa than of B. crassifolia. The linear-leaved specimeus of B. crassifolia are from the Botanical Garden of Melbourne. 9. B. tetragona, F. Muell. Herb. Branchlets small, numerous, erect. Leaves imbricate and dccussate, ovate or oblong, tliick, concave or keeled, obtuse, I to nearly 1 line long-. Flowers solitary, ahnost sessile, witli 2 con- cave very deciduous bracts uiider tlie calyx. Calyx-tube turbinate, 5-angled, above 1 liiie long ; lobes broadly ovate and petal-like, or 2 outer ones narrower and greener, lialf as long as tlie tube. Petals larger than tlie calyx- lobes. Rtamens 10; filaments filiform or sliglitly dilated at tlie base ; antlier-cells parallel, opening longitiidinally ; connective-gland globular. Ovary flat-topped, 3-celled, witli 2 or rarely 3 ovules in eacli cell. Style sliortly immeised. Seeds neaily as in B. diffusa. W. Australia. E. of King George's Sound, Ba.xler ; Middle Mount Barren, Mux- well ; Luclvy Bay, R. Brown. 10. B. ericsea, F. ^fnell. Fracjm. i. 34. Small and very much branched, closely resembling the smaller specimens of Mlcrowyrtus vdcroplnjlla, but qiiite different in the structure of the flowers. Leaves oblong or linear, thick, coucave or keeled, very obtuse, \ to 1 line long, appressed aud distant on the hu-ger branches, imbricate aud decussate on the smaller ones. Flowers sinall, solitary, sessile, with broad scarious bracts under tlie calyx. Calyx- tube very broad, about \ line long ; lobes short, broad, entire, with coloured scarious margins. Petals twice as long as tlie calyx-lobes. Stamens 15, of "which 5 opposite the petals ; filaraents short, filiform ; anther-cells short, parallel, opening longitudinally ; connective rather thick. Ovary very convex, 3-celled, with 2 collateral ovules in each cell. Seeds apparenlly as in B. diffusa, but not seen ripe. Victoria. In the Murray scrub, F. Mueller ; Wimmera, DaUachij. 11. B. polystemona, T. Muell. Fragm. ii. 124. Leaves crowded, linear or slightly clavate, terete or concaA^e, obtuse, 1 to 2 lines long. Flovvers solitary, on short pedicels in the upper axils, with a pair of very deciduous bracts at the base of the pedicels. Calyx-tube very broad, about 2 lines diameter; lobes short, broad, petal-Iike. Stamens 20 to 30, of which 5 opposite the centre of the petals ; filaments filiforni ; anther-cells parallel, opening longitudinally ; connective-gland rather large. Ovary eonvex, 3- celled, with about 8 ovules in each cell ; style shortly immersed. N. Australia. Brindley's Bluff, M'I)ouaU StuarCs Bxpedition. Described from a single sinall speciraen in Herb. F. MuelL The more numerous ovules and indefinite sta- mens might refer it to the following section, but that there appears always to be a stameu opposite the centre of each petal as iu Euryomyrtus. Section III. ScHiDiOMYRTUS. — Stamens few or numerous, but none opposite the centres of the petals ; filaments filiform ; anther-cells distinct, piirailel, and opening longitudinally to the base. Ovary 2-ceIIed, or in B. asfarteoides 3-celIed, with several ovules in each cell. Flowers solitarv in each axil. 78 XLViii. MYRTACEiE. [Backea. 12. B. crenulata BC. Prod. iii. 230. Branclics virgate. Lcaves broadly obov;ite or orbicular, flat or coucave, obtuse or almost acute, usually minutcly (lenticulate-ciliate, ofien inibricate, \^ to nearly .3 lines long, tlie floral oncs niostly longer tlian the otliers. Flowers nearly sessile along the branclies, solitary in eacli axil, sliorter than or scarcely excceding the leaves. ]3racteoles ovate-lauceolate, concave, deciduous. Calyx-tube about 1 line long, thcadnate part narrow-turbinate, the free part broad ; lobes ovate, \ line long, slightly scarious on the edges. Petals shortly exceeding the calyx-lobes. Stamens 10 or fcwer, not opposite the centre of the petals ; anthers small, didymous, the cells opening longitudinally ; connective-gland inconspicuous. Ovavy 2-cclled, with 6 to 10 ovules in each cell; style shortly iumiersed. Seeds obovoid, more or less angular ; testa thinly crastaceous ; thin end of the eml)ryo closely folded against the radicle, otherwise straight. — E. Br. in Flind. Yoy. App. 548 ; F. Muell. Fragm. iv. 65 ; Jinujia imbriccda, Gsertn. Fruct. i. 175. t. 35 (iucorrect as to the details) ; Mollia imhricata, Gmel. Syst. Veg. -l^O ; Imbricaria crenulata, Sm. in Trans. Linn. Soc. iii. 259 ; Stereoxyton crennlatum, Poir. Dict. Suppl. v. 246 ; £scaUonia crenulata, Rceiu. and Schult. Syst. v. 329 ; Bcechea diosmoides, Sieb. in DC. Prod. iii. 230 ; Scliidiomyrtus crenulata and S. Sieberi, Schau. in Linnsea, xvii. 237. N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Broivn; Sleler n. 277, and Fl. Mixt. n. 611, and olhcrs," aiul soiitliward to IUawarra, Sheplierd. Var. tenella. Leaves smaller ; flowers very much smaller, but not otherwise differeiit. Jungia tenella, Gsertn. Fruct. i. 175. AVith the larger variety from most collectors. 13. B. brevifolia, J)C. Prod. iii. 230. Branches numerous, slender, erect. Leaves decussate, triqnetrous, thick and very obtuse, ^ to 1 line loug. Flowers solitary in the upper axils, on pcdicels of from \ to nearly 2 lines. Bracteoles very deciduous. Calyx-tube turbinatc, 1 to H lincs long, very broad at the top ; lobes short, broad, not scarious. Petals about 1 line loiig. Stamens about 15, none opposite the ccntre of the petals; anther- cells parallel, opening longitudinally ; connective-gland smaU. Ovary nearly flat-topped, 2-ceUed, with 8 to 10 ovules in each cell ; style not very deeply immerscd. — Leptospermnm brevifoliiim, Eudge in Trans. Linn. Soc. viii. 299. t. 14 ; Btxckea carnosula, Sieb. in Spreng. Syst. Cur. Post. 149. Wr. S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown; Sieber, n. 278, and others. 14. B. Gunniana, ScJiau. in Tfalp. Rep. ii. 921. A densely-branchcd shrub, cither low aiul prostrate or erect and bushy, attaining 5 or 6 ft. Leavcs spiradiiig, tlat or coi.cave, from obovate-oblong and scarcely 1 line long, to liiiear or linear-cuneate, and 3 or even 4 lines long, obtuse or scarcely mucro- nate-acute. Flowers solitary in the upper axils, on pedicels of 1 to nearly 2 lines. Bracteoles under the calyx so deciduous as to be rarely seen. Calyx-tube turbiiiate, about 1 line long, very broad at the top ; lobes not half as loiig as thc tube, petal-Iike, obtuse, separated by rather broad sinuses. Petals above 1 line diameter. Stamens 10 or fewer, none opposite the centres of tlu; pctals ; filaments filiform ; antlier-cells parallel, opening longi- tudinally ; coiinectivc-gland rather proininent. Ovary Hat-topped, 2-ceIled, with 10 to 13 ovules in each cell. Seeds obovoid, more or less angular ; testa thinly coriaceous ; sleuder end of the embryo folded against the radicle. Backea.'] XLViii. myrtacea:. 79 biit otlierwise strai;^lit.— llook. f. Fl. Tasni. i. 142 ; F. Miiell. Fragui. iv. 0(1 ; JB. iiiicranlha, Hook. f. in Hook. lc. Pl. t. 309, not of DC. ; B. utUis, F. Muell. ; Miq. iu Ned. Kruidk. Arcii. iv. 150 ; Tetrapora Gunniana, Miq. 1. c. N. S. Wales. Jlouiit Mitchell, Beclcler. Victoria. Coranioii iu boggy plancs iu the Aiistraliau Alps, F. MiieUer. Tasmania. Sumuiit of Table Mouutaiu, R. Brown ; abuiidaut iu alpiuc places, J. D. Hooker. Var. latifolia. Leaves os'ate-oblong, 3 to 4 liues loug. Bavv-Baw Mouutains, F. Mueller. 15. B. diosmifolia, Rndge iu Traiis. Linn. Soc. viii. 298. t. 13. Erect or diHuse aud much bi-anched, frora a thick woody stock. Leaves linear, iiarrow, oblong, or soraewhat cuneate, concave or seniiterete, obtuse or mucronulate-acute, more or less denticulate-ciliate, 1 to 2 lines long. Flowers nearly sessile aud solitary in the upper axils. Bracteoles obovate-cuneate, concave, as long as the calyx-tube, very deciduous. Calyx-tube turbinate, about 1|- liues loug; lobes ovate, denticiilate-ciliate. Petals about 1 line diameter. Staraeus 7 to 10, uone opposite the centre of the petals ; fila- ments filiform ; anther-cells parallel, opening longitudinally ; connective- gland globular. Ovarv small, 2-ceIIed, witli about 4 ovules in each cell. — DC. Prod. iii. 230 ; F. Miiell. Fragra. i. 29. P W. S. 'Wales. Port Jackson, B. Brown, F. Mueller, and others ; Pararaatta, A. Cuniiuigham, Wuolls. — lu all the Hovvers I examiued of \Voolis's specinieus, the ovary was in a nioustrous state, with the ovules all abortive, but with several more or less perfcct sta- mcns ou the walls of the cavity. 16. B. leptocaulis, Ilook.f. iu Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 298, and Fl. Tastn. i. 141. Brauches erect, from a thick woody base, slender, 1 to 2 ft. high. Leaves linear, concave or semiterete, obtuse or with a short erect point, mostly 3 to 4 liiies long. Flowers solitary in tlie up[)er axils, ou pedicels at least as long as the calyx-tube, Avitli 2 sraall very fugacious bracteoles at the base. Calyx-tube turbiuate, under 1 liue long, tapering into the pediccl ; lobes small, ovate or obloiig, usually separated by raarked intervals. Petals nearly 1 line diameter. Stanieus about 5, none oppositc the centre of the petals ; filaraents filiform ; anther-cells parallel, opening longitudinally ; con- nective-glaud very sraall or none. Ovary 2-celled, with 8 to 10 ovules in each cell. Tasmania. Abuudant on Loddon Plaius, on the road to Macquarrie Harbour; top of Kocky Cape, Gunn. — This plaut is very nearly allied to the narrow-lcaved forms of B. Gitniiiaiia. 17. B. arbuscula, R. Br. Ilerh. A slender, erect, bushy, heath-Iike shrub, scarcely exceeding 6 in., with very numerons filiforni branches, quite glabrous. Leaves sleuder, linear-terete or slightly fiattened, 1 to 2 lines long. Pedicels axillary, solitary, 1-fiowered, about \ line long. Flowers the most minute in the Order. Calyx about \ line long, turbinate, with 5 lobes, not one-third as long as the tube. Petals not twice as loiig as the calyx-Iobes, spreading. Staraens 5 or fewer ; anthers with distinct nearly globular cells opening longiiudinally. Ovary 2-celled ? TV. Australia. King George's Souud, It. Brown. I do not feel certain of haviiig correctly ascertaiued the structure of thc ovary, but the species is evidcutly allied to B. lep- tocaulis, althougii the excessive miuuteuess of the flowers gives it a vcry ditfereiit aspcct. 80 XLViii. MYRTACE^. [B; sliovt terminal leafy racenies or corymbs. Pedicels 1 to 2 lines long-, witli a pair of small deciduous bracteoles below tlie niiddle. (Jalyx-tube broadly turbinate ; lobes short, broadly triangidar. Petals about l^ lines diaraeter. Stamens usually 8 or 9, but sometimes as inany as 12, none op- jiosite the ceutre of the petals ; filanients filiform ; anthers nearly globuhir, the cells unequally furrowed and opening in Ihe furrows in short sUts ; con- nective-ghind conspicuous or small, or wholly disappearing. Ovary flat-topped, usually 3-celled, with about 8 ovules in each cell in the ordinary form ; style shortly immersed. Seeds angular ; embryo with the slender cotyledonar end short and appressed against the radicle, otherwise straight. — 1)C. Prod. iii. 230; F. MuelL Fragm. iv. 71 ; B. fasciculata, Sieb. in Spreng. Syst. Cur. Post. 149 ; Harmogia densifoUa, Scliau. in Linnaea, xvii. 238 ; Babinijionia densifolia, F. Mnell. Pragm. iv. 7*4; Harmogia Baiteriana, Schau. in Walp. Ecp. ii. 921, frora the character given. N. S. ^Vales, Port Jackson to the Blue Moiintains, R. Brown, Sieber, n. 279, and otliers ; New England, C. Stiiart. The structure of the anlhers in this species is so nearly that of the following seetion, that I feel douhts as to having eorrectly placed it in the present one. It varies much in the size of the fiower, the length of the pedicel, and attenuate base of the calyx, and the number of ovules. Ilarmogia prnpinqiia, Schau. in Walp. Rep. ii. 921, has smaller flowers, the calyx- tube almost close above the bracteoles, and the conneetive-gland very small or none. Bceckea Novo-anglica, F. Muell. Fragm. iv. 71, or Bahingtonia Novo-anglica^Y. IMueli. l.c. 74, has rather larger floviers, the calyx attenuate into a pedicel more distiiict than iu //. pro- pinrjua, shorter tlian iu the common forra, the connective-gland small or none, aud ovules more numerousfliau nsual ; the stamens also vary in number aud in the degree of dehiscence of the anther-cells ; but I find, after examining a considerable nnmber of speciraens, that these difrerenees pass so gradually one iuto the other, that I am nuable to characterize tlie several forms eveu as distinct varieties. 26. B. Behrii, F. Muell. Fragm. iv. 68, A tall handsome shrul), with erect virgate branches. Leaves erect or spreading, ratlier distant, linear, semiterete or triquetrous, with a rather tliick reciuTed point, 2 to 4 lines long. Plowers solitaiy and pedicellate, or very rarely 2 on a common pedun- cle, one pediceUate, tlie otiier sessile. Bracteoles so fngacious as to be rarely scen. Calyx-tnbe turbinate ; lobes exceedingly sliort and broad. Petals fully l^ Hnes diameter. Stamens 8 to 15, none opposite the centre of the pefals ; fihaments clavate ; anthers didymous, the ceUs uneqnally fnrrowed and opening in the furrows in short sUts. Ovary flat-topped, 3-ceUed, with 10 to 15 ovules in each ceU round a somewhat peltate placenta ; style ira- nicrsed in a rather deep tubuhar depression and scarcely projecting above it, — CamjjJwromyrtus Behrii, Schlecht. Linnsea, xx. 651. N, S, Wales, On the Lachlan, Murrumbidgee, and Darling, according to F. Mueller. (1 have not seen the speciniens.) Victoria. Murray Desert, F. Mueller ; Wimmera, Dallachij. S, Australia. Port Lincoln, R. Brown ; St. Vincenfs and Spencer's Gulf to the Murray, Behr, F. Mueller, and others ; aud inlaud to Lake Gillies, Burkett. W,' Australia. Specimens from Lucky Bay, R. Brow7i, exactly like the S. Australian ones, and apparently distinct from R. nncinella. The speeies is nearly allied to B. densifolia, diffcring in foliage, in its rather larger flowers, Ihe remarkably short calyx-lobes, and the clavate filatnents, and the slits of the auther-cells, apparentlv shorter, briuging it still nearer to the following section. G 8 84 xi.viii. MYUTACE.?:. \^Beieckea. Section V. OxYMYRRHiNE. — Stamens few or niimerous, but none oppo- site tbe centre of tbe petals (except in B. pohjaudra) ; filaments filiform. Anther-cells more or less united at the base, didymous, deeply furrowed and opening iii pores in the furrows, orivino; tlie whole antber the appearanre of 4 collaternl globular cells, eitber all equal or the 2 central ones snialler, the connective-sjland sometimes appearing lilce a fifth. Ovary 3-celled, witb nu- merous ovules in eacb cell. This section mijrht alniost be united with thc prcvious one, hut the authers appcar to me to forra a uearer approach to those of Bahingtonia. The spccies are all western, whilst the Harmogias are eastera. 27. B. uncinella, Benih. Brancbes ratber slender. Leaves erect or spreading, rather distant, liuear or linear-cuneate, semiterete or triquetrous, witli sbort recurved points, 2 to 3 liues long. Plowers usually 3 togetber, on short, slender peduucles, tbe pedicels longer tban the calyx-tube. Bracteoles none or exceedingly fugacious. Calyx-tube turbinate, about 1 line long; lobes sbort and obtuse. Petals little inore tban 1 line diameter. Stamens about 8, none opposite tbe centre of tbe petals ; filaments short, not clavate ; anther-cells sliortly united, deeply furrowed, giving tbe appearance of 4 colla- teral lobes of the antber, the 2 central ones smaller tban the otbers, and opening in tbe furrows in pores or very short slits ; connective-gland small. Ovarv 3-ceIIed, with 15 to 20 ovules in each cell, round a small peltate pla- centa ; style ratber deeply immersed. W. Australia. Plains E. of Stokes Inlet, Ma.nccII. F. ]\Iueller, Fragm. iv. 09, thiuks that this niay be a western variety of B. Behrii, biit it appears to me to ditfer in in- florescence, in stamens, and in the number of ovules, as nell as in some points iu the calyx and general aspect. I have, however, only seen two speciniens. 28. B. polyandra, F. Muell. Ti-arjm. iv. 72. Brancbes slender but rigid. Leaves linear, semiterete or triquetrous, decussate on tbe smaller brancbes, obtuse or with a minute recurved point, rarely exceediug 2 lines. Plowers solitary, on pedicels of 1 to 2 lines, articulate witb lanceolate brac- teoles close under tbe calyx or at vei-y little distance from it. Calyx-tube turbinate-campamdate, 5-ribbed ; lobes sbort, erect, acute, berbaceous or slightly scarious on tbe margin and denticidate at the base. Petals above l^ lines diameter. Stamens 20 to 25, in a single row, those opposite tbe eentre of the petals present and rather larger tban tbe others ; filaments thick ; anther-cells deeply furrowed, opening in pores in tbe furrows, the wbole autlier sbowing 4 globular, collateral lobes round the more or less prorainent coiniective-gland. Ovary 3-ceIIed, witb numerous ovides in eacb cell in a ring round tbe peltate placenta ; style immersed in a ratber deep central de- pression. — O.vywyrrhine gracilis, Schau. in Linnsea, xvii. 240 ; Babingtonia gracilis, P. Muell. Pragm. iv. 74. W. Australia. King George's Soiind, or to the eastward, R. Broivn, Baxter ; sea- coast, E. of Stokcs lulet, and iuland from Orleans Bay, Maxwell. 29. B. corynophylla, F. Muell. Fragm. iv. 72. Branches apparcntly loose and elongated. Leaves not crowded, linear-clavate or cuneate, thick, channelled above, more or less recurved at tbe end and often laterally com- pressed, very obtuse, l^ to nearly 3 lines long. Peduncles sliort, crowdcd Bceckea.'] xlviii. myrtace.e. 85 at tlie ends of the branches, bearing each 2, 3 or rarely only 1 flower, on pe- dicels of 1 line or rather more, the bracteoles very small and narrow. Calyx- tiibe slightly turbinate, about 1 line long ; lobes longer and less obtuse than in most allied species. Petals nearly \\ lines diameter. Stameus 6 to 8, none opposite the centres of the petals ; anther-cells deeply furrowed, open- ing in pores or short slits in the furrows, the whole anther showing 4 glo- bular, coUateral lobes round the globukr connective. Ovary flat-topped, 3-celled, with about 10 to 12 ovules in each cell round a slightly peltate placenta ; style rather deeply immersed. — Harmogia corynophylla,Y.M.\XQ]l. Fragm. ii. 30 ; Bnbingtouia corynophylla, F. Muell. Fragm. iv. 74. W. Australia, Di ummond, ^th Coll. n. 1 27 ; Fitzgerald ranges, Maxwell. 30. B. pachyphylla, Benth. Branches apparently loose and elongated. Jjeaves not crowded, obovate-oblong, very thick aiid obtuse, 1 to \\ lines long. Pedicels l^ to 2 lines long or rather more, solitary or 2 or 3 together on a short coramon peduncle, with small very fugacious bracteoles at their base. Calyx-tube turbinate or at length nearly globular, about 1 line long ; lobes short, broad, obtuse, scarious only at the margin. Petals about li lines diameter. JStamens 5 or fewer, none opposite tlie centre of the petals; tilaments tiliform ; anther-cells united at the base, deeply furrowed, opening shortly in the fuiTows, giving the appearance of 4 collateral lobes, the 2 central ones smaller than the lateral ones as in D. uncinella. Ovary 3-celIed with 8 to 10 ovules in each. W. Australia. In the iuterior from tlie south coast, Ma.rwfll. A single specimen in Herh. F. Mueller, which I atn unable to reler to any other spccies. The structure of tlie tiowers is nearly that of B. cori/iiopkylla, with the foliage and habit more of B. Jloribunda. 31. B. crispiflora, F. Mnell. Fragm. iv. 72. Much branched and often somewhat glaucous. Leaves broadly ovate or obovate, erect or spreading, very concave and obtuse or the midrib sliglitly produced into a point, 1 to l^ lines long. Flowers solitary, on pedicels niucli louger than the leaves, ar- ticulate above the middle with a pair of linear leaf-like bracteoles. Calyx- tube urceolate, about 1 line long; lobes short, broad, and rather thick. Petals rather above 1 line diameter, usnally raiich undidate on the margin. Staraens 15 to 20, none opposite the centre of the petals ; tilaments tliick- ened at the base ; anther-cells deeply furrowed, opening shortly in the furrows, giving the appearance of 4 collateral equal lobes round the globu- lar connective as in D. polynndra. Ovary 3-ceIled, with uumerous ovules in each cell round a peltate placenta ; style rather deeply immersed. Seeds augular ; erabryo with the short slender cotyledonar end appressed against tlie radicle, but otlierwise straio-lit. — Harnwgia crispiflora, F. Muell. Fragm. ii. 31 ; Bahingtonia crispiftora, F. Muell. Fnigm. iv. 74. W. Australia, Drummond, \st Qotl. and Zrd Coll. n. 38. Section VI. Babingtonia. — Stamens few or more frequently numerous, none opposite the centre of the petals, or rarely forining a complete ring wlien above 20, iilaments filitbrm or clavate ; antlier-ceils united into an ob- cordate or alraost globular anther, and opening in teriniual pores or sliort slits. Ovary 3-celled with several, often numerous, ovules round a more or less peltate placenta. Flowers solitary or umbellate. — AU Western species. 86 XLViil. MYRTACEA'. [Bceckea. 32. B. camphorosmse, Eudl. hi Ilueg. Enum. 51. Eitlier low aiul sprcadiiij?, or crcct and attaiuiiig 2 ft. or more; branches usually long ancl virgate, with numcrous short brauchlcts. Lcaves crowdcd ou the brancldcts, in some spccinicus occasionally altcrnate, linear, semiterete or triquetrous, obtuse or witli a minute straight poiut, ruostly l^ to 2 liues long, or those on the main brauchcs longcr and distaut. Flowers white or piuk, on very short pcdicels, solitary or more IVcqucntly clustered on a very sliort commoii peduncle, with a small decicUious bracteole at thc base of each pedicel, the ckisters usually forming a long tcrminal usually ouc-sided leafy raceine. Calyx-tube broadly turbiuate or at length urceohitc, about 1 iiuc loug ; lobes broad, sliort, scarious, and minutely denticulate, the thick centre sometimes produced into a sliort conical point. Petals above l^ lines diamcter. Stameus 10, none opposite the centre of the petals ; iihunents thick, contituious with the counective; antliers thick, obcordate or almost didymous, the cells not fur- rowed, opening in small terminal pores. Ovary 3-ceiled, with about 10 ovules in each cell on a placenta ascending from the base ; style immerscd in a decp tubular ceutral deprcssion. Embryo with very minute ovate cotyle- dons. — Bubmgtonia camphorosma, Lindl. Bot. Kcg. IS'!^, t. 10; Schau. in Pl. Preisj. i. 109. ■W, Australia. Kiiig George's Sound to Swan River, Fraser, Drummond, \st CoIL, Prriss, n. 347, 349, and others. Vasse River, Freiss, n. 348. One of the grounds on which the genus Bahiiuitonm was fornied was on the sujjposcd perforation of the ovary in the centre through which thc style passed in direct continuation of the placenta, but this a])peai-s to be a niistakc. The style iu this and niany other eapsular ibjrtacecE is ventrally or .ilmost basally attached to thc carpels, as in Labiativ, Chri/sobalanece, niauy Rniacete, ctc, bnt thc carpels are unitcd so as to forui a ring or slender tubc close round the style but free from it. 33. B. pulchella, DC. Prod. iii. 230, and Mem. Myrt. t. 13 ? Erect witli uuiucrous slcudcr l)rauclies. Leavcs slcudcr, semiterete or triciuctrous, mostly about 1 line long, crowdcd or decussate on the suudler branclics. Elowers small, raostly solitary, on slender pedicels longer than the leaves and articulate below thc middle with a pair of leaf-Iike bracteoles. Calyx-tube rather broad, about \ liue long ; lobes short, obtusely triangular. Petals about 1 linc diaraetcr. Stamcns 25 to 30 in a single dense ring ; filaments ratlier thick ; anthcrs nearly globidar, the cells united, furrowed, opeuing in short slits in the furrows. Ovary flat-toppcd, 3-cclled, with raany ovules in each cell round a peltate placeuta ; style rather decply immersed. — Erico- myrtiis Druminoudii, Turcz. in Bull. Mosc. 18^7. i. 155. ■W. Australia, Lrummoncl, Srd Coll. n. 36. I iuive not secn authcntic specimens of De Candollc's plant, but this is the only spccies 1 havc foiinJ to agrce witii his short diagnosis and tignre ni evcrything cxccpt thc brac- teolcs, which, however, Dc Candolie may have considercd as stcni Icaves. 34. B. pygmaea, R. Br. Herb. Slender and erect or spreading, from a fcw iuches to uearly 1 ft. high. , Leaves linear-terete, obtuse or almost acute, 1 to \\ or rarcly 2 lines long. Peduucles in tlie upj^er axils filiform, beariug 1 or 2 very small flowers on filiCorm pedicels usually excccdiug the leavcs. Calyx about \ line loug, with 5 short hcrbaceous tcctli. Pelals about \ liue diameter. Stamens about 10, uoue opposite the ccntrc of thc petals ; anthers Backea.l XLVin. myktace.e. 87 nearly globular, the cells connate and opening at tlie top iu sliort pores. Ovary 3-celletl, witli several ovules iu each cell ; style deeply inimersed. W. Australia. King George's Souud, li. Brown. Near R. pulchella, but with very uiuch siualler Uowcrs aud fewer stamens. 35. B. corymbulosa, Btnth. Small, witli numcrous slcndcr branchlets. Leaves oblong or aiuiost liuear-cuneate, rather thick, coucave, obtuse, niostly uuder 1 line loug. Fiowers very small, in little terminal lealy corymbs, soli- tary or 2 or 3 together in each axil on a sleuder peduncle sliortly exceediug the leaves, the pedicels often nearly as loug as the common pednncle Calyx-tube ovoid, about | liue long ; lobes very short and obtuse. Petals about ^ line diameter. Stamens lU to 15, none opposite the ceutre of the petals; anthers nearly globular, the cells uuited nearly to the top and opening in oblong pores or short slits. Ovary nearly flat-topped, 3-celIed, with uume- rous ovules in each cell rouud a peltate placenta ; style deeply immersed. ■W. Australia, Brummoud, tlh Coll. Suppl. n. 25. 36. B. floribunda, BerUh. Nearly allied to B. pentnridra, and perhaps a variety, but the leaves are much shorter and thicker, oblong or almost ob- ovoid, and under 1 liue loug except ou the main luxuriant branches, where they are linear-distant and appressed. Peduncles longer than the leaves, bearing 1 to 5 flowers, larger thau in B. pentandra, with similar stamens, but there appear to be always 10, none, however, opposite the ceutre of the petals. Ovaiy flat-topped, 3-celled, with 8 to 10 ovules in each ccll round a peltate placenta; style deeply immersed. W. Australia, Ihummond, n. 9, 138, and Zrd Coll. n. 37. 37. B. pentandra, F. MutU. Fraym. iv. 72. Erect, with rather slender virgate brauches of 1 to 2 ft., and mimerous small branchlets. Leaves linear, semiterete or triquetrous, very obtuse, f to l^ liues long, decussate ou the smaller branches. Peduncles short, beariug 1 to 3 flowers on pedicels of al)out 2 lines, with small liuear deciduous bracteoles at their base. Calyx- tube short, aboLit f liue diameter; lobes broad, very obtuse, scarious with thickened centres. Petals at least 1 line diameter. Stameus 5 or some- times 6, not opposite the petals ; filaments short ; anthers uearly globular, the cells united nearly to the top and slightly furrowed, opeuing in terminal pores ; connective thick. Ovary flat-topped, 3-ceIIed, with 4 to 6 ovules in each ccll round a small placenta; style deeply imii ersed in a tubular depres- Sion of the ovary. — Harmogia pentaudrn, P. Muell. Fragm. ii. 31 ; Tetrapora Preissiana, Schau. in Linnsea, xvii. 283, and in PI. Preiss. i. 107 ; Babing- tonia pentandra aud B.Treissiana, F. Muell. Fragm. iv. 74. W. Australia, Dnmmn>id, ^th Coll. n. 117, Preiss. n. 345; Gardiner's River, Plan- tageuet and Stirliug ranges, Maxwell. 38. B, pentagonantha, F. Muell. Fragm. iv. 73. A large bushy shrub of 6 to 8 ft., with numerous small erect branches. Leaves decussate on the smaller brauchlets, broadly ovate or orbicular, rather thick, concave and keeled, very obtuso, rarely exceediug 1 line. Flowers solitary in the upper axils on very short petticels, articulate with linear bracteoles about the middle. Calyx-tiibe l^ liues long, very promineutly 5-aiigIed or almost 88 XLVIII. MYRTACEiE. \_B(Bckea. winged ; lobes short, broad, wiUi scarious margins. Petals not above 1 line diameter. Staraens 15 to 20, none opposite the centres of the petals ; an- ther-cells nnited, globular, ope-uing in termiual pores or short slits, connec- tive-gland globnlar and prominent. Ovary fiat or concave at the top, 2-celled, vvith 8 to 10 ovules in each cell round a peltate placenta ; style not very deeply iraraersed. — Babingtonia pentagonantha, F. Muell. Fragra. iv. 74. TV. Australia. Murchison river, Oldfield, and apparently the same species but the spccimens not in flower, Sharks' Bay, Benham ; Dirk Hartog's islaud, Milne. The pro- minent angles of the calyx are much more conspicuous in this than iu B. jiolyandra^ and readily distinguish the species from all others. 39. B. robusta, T. Muell. Fragm. iv. 72. A straggling slirub of 3 to 6 ft. Leaves liuear or oblong, semiterete or concave, thick, very obtnse, mostly 2 to 4 lines Ibng. Flowers solitary on a pedicel of 2 to 4 liues, arti- cuhite with 2 deciduous bracteoles about the middle, or rarely 2 or 3 toge- tlier on a sliort comiuon peduucle. Calyx-tube uearly 2 liues loug, turbinate, smooth or obscurely angled, with short broad rather thick lobes. Petals uot large. Stamens 10 to 20, uoue opposite the centre of the petals ; filaments tapering at the end belovv the thick connective ; anthers obconhite or abuost didymous, the cells opeuing in rather large oblong terminal pores. Ovary 3-celled (or rarely 2-celled ?) with 6 to 8 ovules in each cell round a small peUate placenta ; style deeply immersed. — Babinglonia robusta, F. Muell. Fragm. iv. 74. W. Australia. Sandy plains, Murchison river, Oldfield, Drummond, 6t/i Coll. n. 61. 40. B. ovalifolia, F. Muell. Fragm. iv. 72. Erect, attaiuiug about 3 ft., with rather short virgate branches. Leaves erect or spreading, ovate, oblong or broadly linear, coucave, thick, obtuse, 1|- to 3 lines loug. Flowers large for tlie geuus, solitary ou pedicels of 2 to 3 lines, articulate about or above the middle, \\\i\\ 2 linear or oblong concave deci(hious bracteoles. Calyx-tube very broadly turbiuate or heraispherical, about 2 lines diaraeter, more or less rugose; lobes short, broad, very obtuse, thick in the centre v«'ith broad scarious margius. Petals 2| to 3 Jines diameter. Stamens 15 to 20 or even uiore, those opposite the centre of the petals often wantiug ; filaraents filiform or slightly fiatteued, the infiated suramit coutinuous with the thick- ened counective ; anthers broadly clavate, the cells scarcely distinct, opeuiug in termiual pores. Ovary convex, 3-celIed, with 8 to 10 or sometiraes more ovules in each cell round a small peltate placeuta; style immersed to half the depth of the ovary. Capsule very convex. — Earmogia omHfoUa, F. Muell. Fragm. ii. 32 ; Bahiugtonia ovnlifolia, F. Muell. Fragra. iv. 74. 'W. Australia, Brnmmnnd, hlh Coll. n. 124 ; E. Mount Barren, Ma.ncell. Druni- nioud's spcciuiens have longcr leaves and larger flowers than the siugle oue of Maxwell's. 41. B. subcuneata, F. Muell. Fragm. iv. 73. Erect, attaiuing 4 to 6 ft., with virgate branches. Leaves erect or slightly spreadiug, broadly obovate-cuueate, concave or folded, obtuse or the midrib slightly produced, rather thick, mostly 1| to 2 lines long. Flowers solitary ou short thick pe- dicels, with a pair of very deciduons bracteoles below the unddle. Calyx- tube turbinale-campanulate or licmispherical, rather thick ; lobes short and broad, thick, with more or less scarious margins. Petals about l^ lines Bteckea.'] xlviii. myrtace^. S9 diaraeter. Stamens about 20, none opposite tbe centre of the petals ; tila- ments inflated at the suramit and continuous with the thickened connective ; anthers broadly obcordate, the cells openino- in terminal pores. Ovary very convex, 8-celled, with several ovules in each cell ; style shortly iramersed. — Bnhhujtonia snbcioieata, F. Muell. Fragm. iv. 74. W. Australia. Sandy plains, Murchison river, Oldfield. 42. B. grandiflora, Benth. Branches elonofated, with numerous sraall branchlets. Leaves linear, seraiterete or triquetrous, obtuse or scarcely mucronate, clustered or decussate on the smaller branches, 2 to 4 lines long, the floral ones distant. Flowers large, solitary, on pedicels of 2 to 4 lines, articulate above tlie middle witli a pair of linear bracteoles. Calyx-tube very open, above 2 lines diaraeter, truncate, with 5 prominent angles or short teeth. Petals nearly 3 lines diameter. Stamens 15 to 20 ; filaments thick and dihited, forming an uninterrupted ring, b\it quite free from each other ; anthers large and thick, ovoid or oblong, truncate at the top, the connective forraing a short proLuberance at the base ; the cells quite united, opening in small terminal pores. Ovary flat, 3-celled, with numerous ovules in each cell ; style shortly immersed. ■W. Australia. Between Moore and Murchison rivers, Brummond, &th Coll. n. 60. {B. spbwsa, Sieb. in Spreug. Syst. Cur. Post. 149, is unknown to me, and probably no BcEckea.) 14. ASTARTEA, DC. Calyx-tube turbinate or liemispherieal, adnate to the ovary at the base, the free disk-bearing part broad and open ; lobes 5, irnbricate, continuous with the tube, scarious on the edges, persistent. Petals 5, broadly obovate or orbicuhar, spreading. Stamens usually above 20 in a single row, raore or less united at the base into 5 clusters opposite the calyx-lobes or into a ring scarcely interrupted opposite the petals ; anther-cells distinct, opening in longi- tudinal or transverse sbts. Ovary 3-celled, with several ovules in each cell in 2 rows or in a ring rouud a more or less peltate placenta ; style filiform, in- serted in a slight or shortly tubular depression in the centre of the ovary ; stigma capitate. Capsule almost entirely inferior, opening at the top loculi- cidally in 3 valves. Seeds more or less angular, with a thin testa ; enibryo probably as in Bceckea, but not seen perfcct. — Heatli-Iike glabrous shrubs. Leaves sraall, opposite, narrow, entire. Flowers small, white or pink, solitary in the axils, nearly sessile, or on a peduncle or pedicel articulate near the base, with 2 small bracteoles at the articulation. The genus is entirely Australiau, only diftering frora the section Scliidlomyrtus of Bwckea iu the stamens more or less uuited at the base opposite the calyx-lobes, uot opposite the petals as in Melaleuca aud its allies. Flowers distinctly pedicellate. Anlhers opening longitudinally. Flowers rather large. Filameuts dilated, forming a nearly com- plete ring at the base \. A. amhigua. Flovvers small. Filameuts scarcely dilated, uuited at the base into 5 distinet clusters 2. A.fasciculans. riowers nearly sessile. Anthers opening in transverse sHts . . '6. A. intrutropica. 1. A. ambigua, F. Muell. Fragm. ii. 32. An erect or spreading shrnb of 3 or 4 ft. Leaves linear, linear-cuneate or here and there almost lanceo- 90 XLViii. MYKTACE^. [Jdartea. late, rigid, coiicave, ohtuse, or with a small often recurved poiiit, 3 to 3 or rarely 4 lines lona;. Flowers large for the genus, on pedicels 2 to 3 lines long, articuhite with 2 ininutc bracteoles near the base. Calyx-tube broad, ahnost hemispherical, about 2 lines diameter; lobes seniiorbicuiar. Petals 2 lines diameter. Stamens about 20; fihiments of unequal length but all short, dilated, more or less united in a rino; either complete or brolcen o|)posite the centre of the petals ; anther-cells parallel, openinjf longitudinally in front of the suramit of the filameut ; counective-giand globular. Ovary nearly flat, with 6 to 8 ovules in each cell ; style in a very sliglit central depression. "W, Australia. E. Mouut Barren, Mouut Blaiid, and Philliijs Rauges, Maxwell. 2. A, fascicularis, BC. Trod. iii. 210. An erect heath-like shrub attaining 8 to 10 ft., rarely low aud diftuse. Leaves linear, semiterete or tri- quetrous, obtuse or raucronulate, usually 2 or 3 lines loug and rather slender, but varying fiom under 2 lines to above 4 lines, thick or slender and almost filiform, often densely clustered in the axils but sonietimes distant. Flowers small, on pedicels of ] to 2 or rarely 3 lines, articulate witii a pair of small bracteoles above the middle. Calyx-tube broadly turbinate-campanuhite, about 1 line diameter, or rather more when in fruit ; lobes scarious on tbe margin, tlie centre thickened, and sonietimes produced into a conical protuberance or point. Petals usually about l^ iines diameter, but variable in size. Stamens in 5 distinct clusters, usually of 5 or 6 each, but sometimes only 3 or 4, or 7 or 8 in each cluster; anthers small, didymous, tlie cells parallel, opening in broad longitudinal siits. Ovary flat or sliglitly convex, with 6 to 10 ovules in each cell ; style in a short cential tubular dcpression. — Mdnleuca fascicu- laris, Labill. Pl. Nov. HoII. ii. 29. t. 170; Leplospermum dnhium, Spreng. Syst. ii. 492 ; Bfpchea affinis, Endl. in Hueg. Enum. 51, acccording to Schau. Astartea leptopJiylla, A. fascicularis, A. laricifolia, A. scuparia, A. aspera, A. glomerulosa, A. corniculata, and A. Endlicheriana, Schau, in Pl. Preiss. i. 113 to 115. V^. Australia. King George's Sonnd, Lucky Bay, R. Brown, Lnblllardih-e. Coin- mon froui the S. coast to Swan aud Murchisou rivers, Fraser aud others ; Freiss, n. 150, 150, 158, 159, \^i, 163, 1G5, 3G1 : Brnmwond, IsL ColL; 2nd ColL n. 60, 70; 3rrf ColL n. 35 ; Uh ColL n. 52 ; hih CoU. n. 125, \i%. 'J'he species is certaiuly variable as to the size of the flovvers, the thick or line leaves, the greater or lcss promiiienee of the appcudage or thickeuiug of the calyx-lobes, the number of staniens, etc, but 1 have been quite uuable to sort the very numerous specimeus before me iuto distinct varieties. Souie frora Kiug George's Sound, Harvei/, have remarif'«ry Z-celled, with 1 ovule in each cell , prominenthj Z-anjled, the stjle inserted in a central depression. Flowers closeli/ sessile, in pairs. Leaves broadly obiong, very obtuse. (Flowers white or pinii ?) 5. H. tetrapieruni. Leaves linear-oblong, obtuse or ralher acute. Flovvers yellowish 6. H. linifoiium. Leaves semiterete or triquctrous, 3 or 4 times as loug as the small tiowcis T. H. avgiistifolium. Leaves semiterete or triquetrous, not exccediug the large tlovvers. 8. //. ericifolium. 92 XLViii. MYRTACEiE. \TIypocalymma. Section IIT. Cardiomyrtus. — Ovary %-ceUed, xciih 2 or more ovules in each cell, without prominent ridges, the style inserted in a central depression. Flowers pedun- culate. Oviiles 2 in each cell. Leavcs orbicular-cordate. Leaves with crisped or deiiticuiate recurved margins. Ovary slightly convex 9.7/. cordifoUum. Leaves flat aud eutire. Ovary very promiueut, free, except the broad base 10. H. boroniaceum. Ovules 6 to 12 iu each cell. Branches pubescent. Lcaves cordate, ovate 11. ^. Phillipsii. Glabrous. Leaves elliptical, roundcd or narrowed at the base . 12. H. hypericifolium. Section I. EucALYMMA, Scliau. — Ovary 2- or 3-celled, with 2 or 3 oviiles iii each cell, the style continuous with the prorainent raised angles or ridt^es of the ovary, without any central depressiou. Flowers in pairs, sessile or on a veiy short comnion peduncle. The want of the central depressiou of the ovary rouud the style is exceptional iu the first three subtribes of LcptospermerB. 1. H. xanthopetalum, T. Mnell. Fragm. ii. 29. Erect ordiffnse, uot much brauched, attainiuii 1 or 2 ft., the branches pubesceut. Leaves from uarrow-oblong to broadly obloug-cuueate or ahuost obovate, obtuse, luiuutely deuticuhate-ciliate, | to f in. loug;, uarrowed at the base, but sessile or lialf steui-claspiug. Fiowers yellowish, in closely sessile pairs. Bracts orbicuhn-, scarious, coveriug the calyx-tube. Calyx-tube nearly 2 lines diameter, tiie lobes half as long as the petals, eutire or denticulate-ciliate. Petals persistent, about \\ liues diameter. Stamens numerous, tlie lilaments almost 2-seriate. Ovary only slightly prorainent at the top, with 3 raised augles coutinuous with the style without any central depression, 3-celled, with 2 ovules iu each cell, bnt 2 of the cells often very small, with seraiabortive ovules. — H. cunea- tum, Turcz. iu Bull. Mosc. 1862, ii. 325. \ir. Australia. Murchisoa river and adjoining districts, Drummond, 6th Coll. n. 67, Oldfield. II. ciliatam, Turcz. in BuU. Mosc. 1862, ii. 325, is a slight variety with narrower leaves. 2. H. robustum, Endl. in Hueg. Enmn. 50 (under Leptospermnni). An elegaiit shrub, of 1 to 2 or 3 ft., with erect, rigid, virgate branches, quite glal)rous. Leaves linear or liiiear-lanceolate, spreading, rigid, acute, \ to 1 iu. long, with a thick broad inidrib, but otherwise nearly flat. Flowcrs [)each- coloured, sessile in pairs or very rarely 3 or 4 together, on a very short. thick, common peduncle. Bracts small, lauceolate, coucave. Calyx-tube rugose, 1 j to 2 lines diaraeter ; lobes orbicular, scarious, about 1 line diaineter. Petals twice as long as the calyx-lobes. Staraens 30 to 40, nearly as long as the petals. Ovary flat-topped, with 2 prorainent ridges contiuuous with tlie style, without auy central depressiou, 2-celle(l, with 3 ovules in each cell. — Lindl. Bot. Ileg.'l843, t. 8; Schau. iu Pl. Preiss. i. 110. W. Australia. Swau River, Ilueyel, Brummond, \st Coll. n. lil, Harvey, Oldfield, Freiss, n. 342. 3. H. longifolium F. MueU. Fragm. ii. 28. Very uear H. sfricfum, and perbaps a variety. Branches rigid, virgate, glabrons. Leaves linear- Hypocalymma ."] XLViii. myktace^t;. 93 triquetroiis, rigid, tapering ir.to a slightly recurved poiiit, l^ to 2| in. long. Flowers sessile, in pairs, on an exceedingly sliort, tliick, comnion peduncle. Fruiting-calyx very flat and broad, nearly 3 lines diameter, the lobes very short and broad. Petals not seen. Capsule very coiivex, 2-celled. Seeds not seen. IV. Australia. Murchison river, Oldfield. 4. H. strictum, Schau. inPl. Preiss.i. ITl. A bushy glabrous shrub, of 1 to 2 ft., with numerous, erect, virgate brauches. Leaves erect or spread- ing, linear-terete or sulcate, either obtuse and all under ^ in., or ratlier longer and inore acute. Flowers 2 to 4 together, sessile on an exceedingly short, thick, eommon peduncle, much smaller than in H. robustnm. Calyx-tube but Httle above 1 line diameter, the semiorbicular lobes about half as long. Petals rather above 1 line diameter. Stamens usually rather longer than the petals. Ovary very convex, abnost free, except the broad base, with 2 pro- minent ridges continuous with the style, without any central depression, 2- celled, with 2 or 3 ovules in each cell. — H. Cunnimjhamll and H. asperum, Schau. 1. c. W. Australia. Kiug George's Sound and adjoiuing districts, R. Broicn, A. Cunning- haiii, Fraser, aud others, Driuinnond, Mh Coll. n. 53, Prciss, n. 331, 332, 334, 335. Var. pedunculatum. Branches more slender and elongated. Leaves sleuder. Common peduucles 1 to l^ liues long.- — Brummond, 2>rd Coll. ti. 34. Section II. AsTROCALYMMA, Schau. — Ovary 3-celled, with 1 ovule in each cell, prominently 3-augled, but with a central depression in which the style is inserted. Plowers closely sessile, iu pairs. 5. H. tetrapterum, Turcz. iti Bnll. Mosc. 1862, ii. 325. Apparently a tall shrub, with virgate, more or less 4-angled branches, and quite ghibrous. Leaves closely sessile or half stem-chispiug, broadly oblong-cuneate, obtuse, mostly about | in. long or rather more. Plowers in closely sessile pairs, not so yellow when dry as in the allied species. Bracts broad, shorter than the calyx. Calyx-tube very open, about 2 lines diameter ; lobes semiorbicular, half as long as the petals. Petals persistent, about \\ lines diameter. Sta- mens almost 2-seriate. Ovary free, except the broad base, prominently 3- angled, with a short depression round the style, 3-celled, with 1 ovnle in each cell or rarely a second abortive one. Capsule exceeding the calyx-tube, but enclosed in the persistent petals. Seeds oblong-reniform, with a hirge lateral hilum ; testa crustaceoiis ; embryo apparently entire. ^V. Australia. Between Moore and Murchison rivers, Brummond, %th Coll. n. 68. 6. H. linifolium, Tnrcz. in Bull. Mosc. 1862, ii. 325. Stems slightly branched, virgate, 1 to 2 ft. high, quite glabrous. Leaves closely sessile, ob- long-linear, thick and rigid, obtuse or mucronate-acute, 4 to 8 lines long. Flowers in closely sessile pairs, apparently yellowish. Bracts orbicular, shorter than the calyx. Calyx-tube very open, about H lines diameter; lobes broad, petal-like, fully half as long as tlie petals. Petals about \\ lines dia- meter. Stamens ahnost 1-seriate. Ovary prominent, broadly and shortly pyramidal, prominently 3-angled, with a central depression round the style, 3-celled, with 1 ovule in each cell. 9-t XLViii. MYRTACE.E. \TIypocahjmma. W. Australia. Bctwceu ^loore aiid Murehison rivers, Brummond, (Jth CoU. n. 65. 7. H. angustifoliun, Endl. in Hiteg. Ennm. 50 (under Jjeptospermuni). An erect, busliy, gliibrous slinib, from about 1 to 3 ft. \\\^. Leaves narrow- linear, rigid, channelled above or semitcrete, rarely ratlier broader and con- cave, obtuse or acute, ^ to 1 in. lon"'. Flowers wliite or pale pink, in sessile pairs, but often in the axil of one only of eacli pair of leaves. Bracts ovate- cordate, scarious, about 1 line long. Calyx-tube l)road and flat, nearly 2 lines diameter, with a slightly contractcd rim ; lobes broad, from -jto ^ as long as the petals. Petals about \\ lines diameter. Stamens about as long as the petals, in a single row. Ovary pyramidal at the top, with 3 prominent angles and a short tubular dcpression round the style, 3-celled, with 1 ovule or very rarely a second abortive one in each celi ; stigma small. Seeds like those of H. tetrapterum, but the embrvo nof seen perfect. — Schau. in Pl. Preiss. i. 112 ; H. suave, Lindl. Bot. Reg. 1844, Misc. 27. W. Australia. Swan River to tlie S. coast, Huegel ; Drummond, \st CoU. n. 137, 142 ; Preiss, n. 333, 336, 338, 339, 340, 341, and others. Var. densijtorum. Leaves shorter, infloreseence more dense, almost spicate ; flowers smaller ; stameus shorter. — H. scariosum,^c\iZVi. in Pl. Preiss. i. 111. — King Georsre's Sound, Preiss, n. 330, Oldfield. Some of Drummond's specimens, described as H. suave, closely comiect this variety with the form orio;inally described as H. angusiifolium. 8. fl. ericifolium, Benth. Glabrous, with erect virgate branches. Leaves linenr or Imear-chivate, thick, obtuscly triquetrous or channelled above, 2 to 4 lines long. Plowers in sessile pairs, rauch larger than in the aUied species, concealing the floral leaves wlien several togetlier. Bracts broad, about as long as the calyx-tube. Calyx-tube very broad and flat, about 2 lines diameter, the lobes not above \ as long as the petals. Pctals above 2 lines diameter. Ovary broadly pyramidal on tlie top, with 3 prominently raiscd angles, and a rather deep central depression round the style, 3-celled, with 1 ovule in each cell. Vir. Australia. Champion Bay and Yasse River, Oldfield. Section IIL Cardiomyrtus, Schau. — Ovary 3-celled, with 2 or more ovules in eaoli cell, witliout prominent angles or ridges, and with a central depression in wliich the style is inserted. Flowers pedicellate, solitaiy, clus- tered or 2 or more together on a comraon peduncle. 9. H. cordifolium, Lelm. ; Schau. in Fl. Preiss. i. 112. A glabrous slunib, of 2 or 3 ft., with long, loose branches, raore or less 4-angled, tlie angles sometiines dilated inidcr the leaves into denticulate wings. Leaves closely sessile, very broadly orbicular-cordate or ahnost triangular, the margins recurved and more or less crisped or denticuhite, all imder \ in. diaraeter in sorae speciraens, aboiit \ in. in otliers. Pedicels slender, solitary or raore frecpiently 2 or 3 together, on a short, slender, comraon peduncle, but tlie proportions of the peduncle to the pcdicels very variable, the whole inflores- cence rarely as long as the leaf. Bracts very small and narrow. Calyx-tube very flat and open, about 1 line diameter ; lobes herbaceous, orbicuhir, as long as the tube. Petals about twice the calyx-lobes. Ovary slightly con- vex, with a central depression roimd the style, but without prorainent ridges, 3-c('lled, with 2 ovules in each cell. W. Australia. King George's Sound and to the eastward, R. JBrou-n, Preiss, n. 1 54, Sypocalymma?^ XLvni. myrtace^. , 95 Mihie, Earvey, Ohlfield, Lnmmond, n. 41, Ind Coll. n. 59, Zrd CoU. n. 55, 4//^ CoU. n. 54. 10. H. boroniaceum, T. Mnell. Herh. Stems several, from a woody stock, simple or sliglitly branched, mostly aboiit 1 ft. high, ghibroiis. Leaves closely sessile, orbicular-cordate, tiat aud quite entire, very obtuse, -j to -^ in. diameter. Pedicels slender, usually several together iu an axilhiry cUister or on a very short comnion peduncle. Bracts very small, concave and coloured, at the base of the pedicels ; bracteoles under the calyx sometimes rather larger. Calyx-tube broad and tlat, ai)out 1 line diameter; lobes riclily coloured, l^ lines long or more. Petals of a rich red when dry, 3 to 4 lines long. Sta- niens exceedingly numerous, in more than one row. Ovary obovoid, very nmch raised, free except the broad base, witliout raised angU\s, but with a central depressiou round the style, 8-celled with 3 collateral ovules iu each ccU. W. Australia, Drnmninnd, ^fJi Coll. n. 119, also in Herh. F. MueU. from Didion. AVith the exceptiou of the colour of the flovver, the specimens remiud one of the Europeaa Hi/pericum nummularifoliimt. 11. H. Phillipsii, Harv. in Nat. Hist. Rev. v. 296. t. 22. Branches scarcely angukr, softly pubescent. Leaves closely sessile, cordate-ovate, very obtuse, f to above 1 in. long, ghibrous. Flowers large, Avhite, solitary or cUistered in the axils, tlie pedicels rather thick, 1 to 2 lines long, vvith a small bract at the base, and larger ovate decicUious bracteoles under the calyx. Calyx-tube broad and flat, nearly 2 lines diameter; lobes ovate-orbicular, \\ lines long. Petals 4 to 5 lines. Stamens very numerous, in more than 1 row. Ovary much raised, obtusely 3-Iobed, wnth a small central depression round the style, 3-ceUed, with 10 to 12 ovules in each cell. ■W. Australia. Raised in the Botanic Garden of Dublin from seeds received from the neighbourhood of King George's Sound. 12. H. h^rpericifolium, Benth. Branches erect, elongated, slightly 4-angled, glabrous. Leaves elliptical or almost ovate, obtuse or nearly so, narrowed or rounded at the base, mostly f to 1 in. long. Flowers white, not so large as in H. Phillipsii, usually clustered in the axils, the pedicels very short but slender, with a sinall bract at the base, and 2 rather larger ovate concave bracteoles under the calyx. Calyx-tube very flat, about l^ lines diameter ; lobes ovate-orbicular, about \\ lines long. Pctals twice as large. Stamens numerous, in raorethan 1 row. Ovary half-superior, broad, obtusely 3-lobed, with a central depression round the style, 3-ceIIed, with 6 to 8 ovules in each cell. \^r. Australia, Brummond, hth CoU. n. 118. 16. BALAUSTION, Hook. (Cheynia, /. Brumm.) Calyx-tube urceolate, adnate to the ovary at the base ; lobes 5, broad and obtuse, coutinuous with the tube. Petals 5, orbicular, spreading. Stamens numerous, free, not exceeding the pctals, inserted in a siiigle row round tl.e prominent annular disk ; anther-cells versatile ; the cclls parallcl, opening 96 - xLviii. MYRTACEiE. {BalausUon. longitudinally. Ovary in the bottom of tlie calyx, wliolly inferior, flat-topped with a central dcpression round the style, 3-celled, with several ovules in each cell, inil)ricate in 2 rows on a peltate phicenta ; style filiform, with a slightly dihited capitate stigma. Capside opening loculicidally, but not near ripe in our speciinens. — Shrub. Leaves opposite, entire. Flowers large, axillary, pediceUate with 2 bracteoles under the calyx. The genus is liiiiited to the single Australian spccies. 1. B. pulcherrimum, Hook. Ic. Fl. ^.852. A low ghibrous shrub, with a shorl thick trunli; and numerous decumbent or prostrate stems, ex- tending to about 1 ft. Leaves petiohTte, linear-concave and keeled or tri- quetrous, rigid, acute or mucronate, mostly under ^ in. long. Flowers of a rich red, solitary in the axils below the ends of the branches, on pedicels of 1 to '6 lines. Bracteoles small, ovate. Calyx-tube uearly \ in. long ; lobes about 1 to \\ liiies, coloured like the tube. Petals about 5 lines diameter, with a very sliort broad claw. Stamens about 30, the filaments somewhat dilated, with a callous protuberance at the base inside. Style long. — Cheynia pulcliella, J. Drumin. in Hook. Kew Journ. vii. 56. ^V. Australia. Northeru districts, Brummond, 5t/i Coll. Suppl. n. 26. SuBTRiBE IL EuLEPTOSPERME.F,. — Leavcs scattcred or rarely opposite, small or narrow and coriaceous, 1- or more nerved, rarely penniveined. Flowers solitary in thc axils of the leaves or bracts, closely sessile except in a very few species. Stamens indofinite, in one or more rows, free or united in bundles oijposite the petals, or very rarcly definite. Anthers vcrsatile, with distiuct parallel cells. Ovules in 2 or niore rows in each cell of the ovary, Embryo straight or slightly incurvcd, tlie cotyledons usually louger than the radicle. 17. AGONIS, DC. (Billiottia, DC.) Calyx-tube turbinate or campanulate, adnate to the ovary at the base, the free part broad ; lobes 5, ovate, usually scarious, imbricate or open. Petals 5, orbicular, spreading, exceeding the calyx-lobes. Stamens free, not ex- ceeding the petals, either 10 regularly opposite the petals and calyx-lobes, or 20 or more without any opposite the centre of the petals ; filaments filiform ; anthers versatile, the cells parallel, opening longitudinally ; connective Avith a small globular ghind. Ovary inferior, 3-cellcd, with 2 or 4 ovules iir each cell erect from a small nearly basal placenta; style filiform, iiiserted in a deeply tubular dcpression in the ccutre of the ovary, being attached almost to the base of the carpcls ; stigma capitatc or pcltate. Capsule opcniug at the top loculicitlally in 3 vahes, shorter than the calyx-tube. Sceds oblong or cuneate ; testa thin ; embryo straight ; cotyledons plano-convcx, much longer than the radicle. — Shrubs or small trees. Leaves alternate, often crowded on the smaller branchlets, either small or loug and narrow, entire. Flowers rather siuall, closely sessile, in globidar axillary or terminal heads, usually surrounded by imbricate scale-like bracts, with 2 smaller bracteoles under each fiowcr, the white persistcnt ])etals usually very conspicuous. Tlie gcuus is limited to West Austialia. Fnruicrly eonsidered as a section of Lei^io- Agonis.'] XLViii. MYRTACEif:. 97 spermum on acconnt of its altcrnate leaves and staniens not exceeding the petals ; it is much iiearer allied to Melaleuca in inflorescence and in tlie ovary and seeds, whilst the arrange- ment of the staniens shows a conuectiou with Bceckea and its allies. The seeds have beeu exainined iu three species ouly. Skction I. Taxaudria. — Stamens 10, regiilarhj oppnsife the Qalyx-lobes and petats. Oviiles 2 in each cell. Leaves spathulate, obovate or oblong-cuncate. Leavcs niostly obovate, thick, nerveless, rarely above i in. long. Bracls not exceeding the calys-tube \. A. spathulata. Leaves oblong-cuneate, mucronate-acute, 1- or 3-nerved, ^ to 1 in. long. Bracts covering the calyx-tube 2. A. Jloribunda. Leaves obovate-obloug, obtuse, rigid, 3-uerved, bordered with si^iy hairs, ^ to 1 in. long. Bracts not exceeding the calyx-tube . . Z. A. marginata. Leaves liuear or linear-hinceolate. Leaves ^ to 1 in. long, obtuse or acute, not pungent. Bracts and calyx-lobes obtuse ^. A. linearifolia. Leaves i to 5 iu., mueronate-acute and mostly pungeut. Bracts aud calyx-lobes more or less acute 5. A. juniperina. Leaves densely clustered, \ in. or under, obtuse or rarely acute. Bracts aud calyx-lobcs obtuse 6. u4. parviceps. Section IL Ataxandria. — Stamens 20 to 30 {e.reept in A. grandiflora), but none opposite the centres of the petals. Ovules 4 ^o 6 in each cell. Leaves linear-lauceolate to oblong-cuueate, 1 to 6 in. long. Bracts and calyx-lobes obtuse 7- A.fexuosa. Leaves obovate or oblong-cuneate, undulate, mostly J in. long. Bracts acuminate. Calyx-lobes acute %. A. undulata. Leaves ovate, almost cordate, about \ in. long. Bracts and calyx- lobes obtuse 9. yf. theceformis, Leaves lincar. Flowers large, sohtary, or 2 to 4 in the head. Bracts aiid calyx-lobes large aud scarious 10. A . grandiflora. Section I. Taxandria. — Stamens 10, reoiilarly opposite tlie calyx-lobes and petals, as in the tirst two sections of BeBckea. Ovules 2 in eaoli cell. 1. A. spathulata Schau. in Pl. Preiss. i. 117. A densely-tufted, bushy, or diffuse shrub of 1 to 2 ft., glabrous, or with a few long soft hairs about the upper leaves and inflorescence. Leaves obovate, spatliulate, or abnost orbicular, narrowed into a distinct petiole, very obtuse, thick, concave, and ahnost nerveless, inostly 1| to 3 lines long. Flowers snow-white, in closely sessile terminal or axillary heads of 12 to 20. Outer bracts broadly orbicular, granular-tuberculale, covering the calyx-tube, inner ones obovate ; bracteoles narrow, concave. Calyx-tube turbinate, about 1 line long ; lobes about half as long as the tube, scarious and ciliate. Petal-claws as iong as the calyx-lobes ; lamina orbicular, 1 line diameter. Stainens 10, regularly opposite the calyx-lobes and pctals ; filaments somewhat dilated, especially those opposite the petals. Ovules 2 in each cell of the ovary. W. Australia. Lucky Bay, R. Brown ; Kalgan river, Oldfield ; barren rocky wastes at the foot of the Konkobenip hills, Preiss, n. 324 ; also Brummond, hth Coll. n. 131. Var. anguslifolia. Leaves longer, narrower, and less obtuse, sonietimes almost linear- cuneate aud \ \\\. long. Flowers rather larger, with shorter and broader claws to the petals.- — E. Mount Barren, Maxv;ell. 2. A. fioribunda, Turcz. in BuU. Mosc. 184.9, ii. 20. Branches rigid, VOL. III. H 98 XLviii. myktacetE. {_AffOfiis. flexuose, appareiitly spreading, tlie youiig shoots loosely silkv-bairy. Leaves crowded on the sraaHer branrhlets, almost whorled under the flower-heads, oblong-cuneate, acute or nmcronate, undulate, much narrowed towards the base, 1- or 3-nerved, from about } to above | in. long. Flower-heads terminal, or below the ends of tlie branches after the growth of the axis, very deiise, but few-flowercd. Imbricate bracts broad, rigid, completely en- veloping the calyx. surrounded by a whorl of floral leaves. Calyx-tube pubcsceut; lobes' ciliate. Petal-claws coloured, as loug as the calyx-lobes ; huuina orbicular, very wliite. Staraens 10, regularly ojiposite the calyx-lobes and petals. Ovules 2 in each cell of the ovary. W. Australia, Bnmnmond, A:tli CoU. n. 5f5.— The species is allied to A. spaihnlata, differiiig chiefly in the uarrower leaves aTul iii the bracts. No. 55, 4th Coll. of Drummond, may be the same speeies in very young bud. 3. A. marginata, ScJian. in Pl. Preiss. i. 117. A tall shrub, the branchcs aud young shoots clothed with soft silky hairs. Leaves obovate- oblong, narrowed into a short petiole, obtuse, or minutely mucronate, i to 1 in. long, 3- or rarely 5-nerved, bordered by a rira of dense a]ipressed hairs, which at length wear oft'. Plower-heads terminal or axillary. of about 12 to 20 flowers. Imbricate bracts broadly orbicular, the inner ones obovate, con- cave. Calyx-tube rather above 1 line long; lobes about half as loiig, softly ciliate, and silky-hairy, Petals snow-white, orbicular, above 1 line diaraeter, tlie claw shorter than the calyx-lobes, or scarcely any. Stamens 10, opposite the petals and calyx-lobes. Ovules 2 in each cell of the ovary. — Lepto- sperminn marginatitm, Labill. Pl. Nov. Holl. ii. 10. t. 148; DC. Prod. iii. 226 ; BiUiollia marginata, G. Don, Gen. Svst. ii. 827 ; Fahricia slricta, Lo(kl. Eot. Cab. t. 1219. W. Australia. Kiiig George's Sound, R. Brmcn, Labillardiere, and adjoiuing dis- triets, A . Cnnninfjham ; Preiss, n. 141 ; Ba.rter, and others. 4. A. linearifolia Schau. in Pl. Preiss. i. 118. A tall shrub, attaiuing 12 ft. or niore in sorae situations, the young shoots loosely and softly hairy, otherwise ghibrous. Leaves linear, linear-lanceolate, or some- what cuneate, mostly acute and narrowed at the base, nerveless, or 1- or 3- iierved, |^ to 1 in. long. Flower-heads small, all axillary. Calyx-lobes sliort, ovate, obtuse, pubescent, ciliate. Petals with very short broad claws. Stamens 10, regnlarly opposite the calyx-lobcs and petals, the filameuts broad at the base. Ovules 2 in each celi of the ovary. — Leptospernium linearifolinm, 1)C. Prod. iii. 227; Mera. Myrt. 1. 12 ; Bdiiottiu lincarifolia , G. Doii, Gen. Syst. ii. 827; Agonis conspicna and A. angnstifolia, Schau. in Pl. Preiss. i. 118. W. Australia. King George's Sound and Lucky Bay, R. Broicn, and thencc to Swan River, api^iireMliy coinnion, A. Cunninyham, aud olhcrs ; Brumitiond, \st Coll. n. 156 ; ^rd Cott. n. 42 ; 4M Cott. n. 57 ; Preiis, n. 142, 145, and in somc sets, n. 151, which in olhers is Leptospermum Jirmvm . Soine speeiniens from Caj)e Le Grawdi, Majwetl, and from Brummond, hth Coll. n. 143, and 5/// Coll. n. 132, have remarkably narrow leaves. Others from Capelrice, Oldfirld, have very siiort leaves, ahiiost eonneeting the s])eeies vvith the long-leaved loruis v>\ A . spalhuluta. I'reiss's u. 149 aud 150 {A. angustifolia aud A. con- sjAcua) have largc flowers. 5. A. juniperina, Schau. in Pl. Preiss. i. 118. A tall shrub, or 5ometiir.es a tree of 40 ft. or even more, with rigid branches more or less Jgonis.'] XLViiT. myktace^. 99 pxibescent or liirsute when young. Leaves linear-lanceolate, clustered iu the axils or on short brauclilets, concave, rij^id, niucronate-acute or ahnost puno;ent, ^ to nearly i in. long. Flower-heads globular, terminating short lateral branchlets. Bracts rather small, very concave, mucronate or aciite. Calyx-tube softly pubescent, about 1 line Jong ; lobes tnuch shorter, ovate- triangular, acute. Petals about 1 line diameter, on claws nearly as long as the calyx-lobes. Stamens 10, regularly opposite the calyx-lobes and petals. Ovules 2 in eacli cell of the ovary. W. Australia, Bnntnnond, 2tid Coll. n. 79, 4/// Coll. n. 58 ; barren gravelly places near Cape Riche, Freiss, n. 314, Blackwood river, aiid by lagoons, Piiucess Royal Har- bour, Oldfeld ; shores oF Lake Levcn, Ma.rweU. — The specics is vcry ciosely allied to A. parciceps, and some specimeus from Hay river, Ma.rweU, with the foliage and larger tlowers o{ A.Jmiiperina, have the calyx-lobes and bracts scarcely acute. 6. A. parviceps, Schau. in Pl. Preiss. i. 119. A much-branched busliy rigid shrub of fioui 2 to 3 ft. to twice that height. Leaves from linear-spathulate, and uuder 2 lines, to linear-lanccolate, and 3 lines long or rather more, densely clust(red in the axils and cn the smaller branchlets, rigid, concave, spreading or recurved, obtuse or slightly mucronate. Flowers small, in small heads in the cluster of leaves, or termiuating short branchlets. Bracts obtuse, not exceeding tlie calyx-tube. Calyx-tube pubescent, rarely above f line long ; lobes shorter than the tnbe, ovate, obtuse. Stameus usually 10, regularly opposite the calyx-Iobes and petals, those opposite the calyx-Iobes smaller andperhaps sometimes wanting; fiiaments short. Ovules 2 in each cell of the ovaiy. TV. Australia. Moist boggy ground, King George's Sound, R. Brown, and adjoinicg districts, A. Cinniiiigham and others ; Drummond, 2nd CoU. n. 78; Freiss, n. 160, 161 ; Vasse river, Oldjield. Section IL Ataxandria. — Stamens 20 to 30, in a single series, but iisually (except in J. grandijlora) interrupted opposite the centre of eacli petal, as in the last four seciions of Bceckea. Ovules 4 to 6 in each cell of the ovary. 7. A. flexuosa, Schau. in Pl. Preiss. i. 116. A tall shrub or tree attaining 40 ft., tlie young shoots often silky-pubescent, at length ghibrous. Leaves lanccolate or linear-Ianceolate, acute, narrowed atboth euds, 3-uerved, 2 to 6 in. long. Flower-heads all axillary. Bracts not numerous, broad, very obtuse, shorter than the calyx. Calyx softly pubescent, the tube 1 to J^ lines long, the lobes much shorter, scarious, and fringed or ciliate at the edges. Petals obovate, fuliy 2 liues long. Stamens usually 20, 4 opposite each calyx-Iobe, none opposite the petals. Ovules 6 in each cell of the ovary. — Metrosiderosfexuosa, Willd. Eunm. Hort. Berol. 514; Leplospermim Jlexuo- siin/, Spreng. Nov. Prov. according to DC. Prod.iii. 226; CoIIa, Hort. Kipul. App. t. 2; Billiotlia Jiexuosa, G. Don, Gen. Syst. ii. 827; Lejjlospermum resiniferum, Bertol. Amcen. Ital. 29 ; L. glonieratum, Wendl. til. in Flora, 1819, 678, as corrected in Wendl. Beitr. ii. 22. ■W. Australia. King George's Sound, R. Brown, ond thcuce to Swan River, A. Cunningham, Traser, and others ; Brummond, n. 18, 54, and 2nd Coll. n. 77 ; Preiss, n. 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 147- Var. latifolia, Schau. Branches stouter and more rigid ; leaves shortcr, broador, obtuse, H 2 100 XLVIII. MYRTACEJE. [^ffOnis. and ritrid; flowers larger aiid inore nuinerous iii the head ; calyx-tube iiearly 2 liaes: petals 4 liiics h)ii<; ; staineus about 6 opposite each calyx4obe. — King George's Souud, aiid to the eastward, Preiss, n. 144 ; Drummond, ^th Coll. n. 133 ; Maxwell. 8. A. undulata, Benlh. Braiiches rigid, almost spinescent, our speci- inens entircly «^labrons. Leaves froin obovate to oblong-cuneate, obtuse or niuoroniilateand olten eniaro-inate, niuclt narrowed at the base, uiiduhite, 1- or 3-nerved, rarely exceeding \ in. Flower-heads terminal or axillary, or some- times below the ends of the branches, the axis growinaj out as in Mdalenca ; flovvers not numerous in the head. Bracts acuminate, pidjescent, nearly as long as the calyx. Calyx silky, the tube about 1 line long; lobes rather shorter, acute. Petals obovate, not twicc as long as the calyx-lobes. Sta- mens about 4 opposite each calyx-lobe, none opposile the petals. Ovules 4 in each cell of the ovary. W. Australia, Drummond, n. 6. — Allied to J. theceformis, but difTering in foliage and in the calyx-lobes. 9. A. theaeformis, Sclicm. in Pl. Preiss. ii. 223. A tall shrub with rather slender braiiches, the young shoots loosely aiid softly hairy, becoming glabrous wheu full grown. Leaves ovate or broadly elliptical, acute or obtuse, cordate or truncate at the base, under \ in. long, and sometimes not above \ in., 1-nerved aml penniveined, often undulate, with a recurved poiiit. Flower-heads all axillary, of 6 to 12 tlowers. Bracts fringed-ciliate. Calyx- tube broad ; lobes broad, obtuse, vvith scarious edges. Petals white, but drying of a yellowish hue, 1 to l^ lines diameter. Stamens about 20, none opposite the centres of the petals. Ovules about 4 iu each cell of the ovary, but oidy 1 appears to enlarge, the perfect seed has, however, not been seen. — A. JiypericifoUa, Schau. in Pl. Preiss. i. 117. TV. Australia. Moist sandy places and rocks, Kiug George's Sound, R. Broion, and adjoiuing distriets, y^. Cunninyham ; Baxter ; Drummond, %rd Coll. n. 41 ; Preiss, n. 152, 153; 0/dJie/d. 10. A. grandiflora, Benlh. Glabrous, or the young shoots hairy. Leaves densely elustered, linear, coucave, obtuse or mucrouate, about \ in. long. Flowers large, solitary, or in heads of 2 to 4, sessile iii the clusters of leaves. Braets scarious, imbricate, covering the calyx. Calyx-tube l^ lines long, pubescent, with appressed hairs ; lobes at least as long as the tube, ovate, scarious. Petals about 4 lines long, oljovate, narrowed into a clavv. Stameiis 20 to 30, rather closer together opposite tlie calyx-lobes tlian oppo- site the petals, but forming a complete ring vvithout any distinct vacancy opposite the centre of the petals , anthers large, vvith oblong parallel cells and a conspicuous connective-gland. Ovary entirely as in the rest of the section, "^vith 4 to 6 erect ovules in each cell. TV. Australia. Near Hampden, W. Ctarhe. 18. LEPTOSPEEMUM, Forst. (Fabricia, Gartn. ; Macklottia, Korth. ; Homalospermum, Schau. ; Pericalyrama, Endl.) Calyx-tube l)roadly campanulate or rarely turbinate, adnateto the ovary at the base, liee part broad ; lobes 5, ovate, herbaceous or membranous, imbri- ■Lepiospermtim.] XLViii. myktace^. 101 cate or opeii. Petals 5, orbicular, spreadin^, exceediiicr tlie calyx-lobes. Stamens nnnierous, free, not exceedino- the petals, inserted on the niargin of the disk in a sinole row ; filaments tiliform ; anthers ver?atile, the cells parallel, opening longitudiiially ; connective with a small globular gland. Ovary in- ferior or half-superior, enclosed in the calyx-tube, usiially 5- or more celled, rarely 3- or 4-celle(l, with either numercus ovules in each cell densely covei'ing a peltate placenta and horizontal or recurved, or few and recurved in two rows ; style liliform, inserted in a slight or deep depression in tlie centre of the ovary, ofteu short, with a capitate or peltate stigma. Capsule opening at the top loculicidylly, either protruding from the calyx-tube or rarely shorter. Seeds either linear-cuneate and wingless or more or less aiigular with transparent wings or cilia along the angles, but usually only few in each cell or a single one perfect, the others sterile often hard and alvvays wingless. — Shrubs or rarely small trees, glabrous silky-pubescent or hoary. Leaves alternate, small, rigid, entire, nerveless or 1- or 3-nerved. Flowers usually white, sessile or rarely shortly pedicellate, solitary or 2 or 3 together at the ends of short branchlets or in the axils of the leaves. Bracts broad, scarious, 2 or 3 outer ones usually imbricate, but falling otf from the very young bud, 2 inuer ones or bracteoles opposite and close under the calyx often niore persistent. The genus is common to Australia and New Zealand aiid the Indian Arrhipelago. Of the Austraiian species orie is found in New Zealand also, and r.nother in the Iiidian \rchi- pelago, the reinainder are endeniic. The species are very difficult to distinguish. Tbe whole of tbose witli 5-celled ovaries, from L. laingerum to L. erubescens, ditfereut as soiiie of them appear at tirst sight, pass so gradually one into the other that thcy might be readily adinitted as varieties of one species, whilst ou the other hand many of the varieties heie enumerated have beeu distingiiished as species by R. Brown, whose herbarium contains a bcauliful series of well-seJected specimens, as well as by other emiuent botanists whose opiiiioiis are entitled to great weisiht. The geuus requires, therefore, uiuch further study on the part of those who have the opportuuity of observiug it in its uative statious. From the dried specimens, whcther of the species here admitted or of the varieties or races, I have beeu unable to discover aiiy positive discrimiuating characters. .\lost authors desrribe the calyx-lobes of Lei>lospermum as valvate ; I have always found them decidedly imbricate in the young biid, even in the Javauese specimens communicated by Bhime. Skction I. Pabricia. — Orary iisuaUy 6- to 10- or A:-ceUed. Ovnles numerons. Seeds when jierfect rather broad, fringed or vnnged at the angles (as far as known). Flowers ctosely sessile. Ovary usually 6- to 10-celled. Eastern and South-eastern species. Calyx villous. Capsule half-exserted \. L. Fabricia. Calyx glabrous. Capsule slightly protrudiug above the calyx- tube 2. i. Icevigaftun. Ovary usually 4-celled. Calyx glabrous. Western species ... 3. L.firmum. Section II. Euleptospermum. — Ovary usuaUy DceUed, or here and there Ai-ceUed, or Z-ceUed in the last two sj,ecies. Ovules numerous. Seeds, both perfect and sterile, n urow-Unear, Calyx-tube glabrous. Ovary 5- or rarely 4-ceIled. Leaves flat or with recurved margins, obtuse or scarcely pointed (except in the large variety) 4. L. flavescens. Leaves flat or concave, pungeut-pointed, narrow or small . . . 5. £. scoparium. Calyx-tube pubescent or villous. Ovary 5-, rarely 4-celled. 102 XLViii. MYRTACE.E. [Lej)iosj)enuitm. Branches spinesccnt. Leavcs mostly obloug. Calyx-tube looscly villous. Cansule not prominont. Flowers large. Western species . 7- L. spinescens. Brancfics not spinescent. Flowers sessile or nearly so. Eastern spccies. Calyx broad and obtuse at the base, woolly, loosely villous, or closely tomentose. Leaves liuear, coiicave, pungeutpointed 6. Z. arachnoideum. Leaves obovale, oblong or clliptical, tlat or witli rccurved margins, obtuse or shortly mucronate 8. Z. lauiyerum. Leaves vcry small (mostly under 2 lines) obovate or oblong, tlat, obtusp. Flowers small 9. Z. i^arvifulium. Calyx usually atteiiuate at the base, at lcast wheu young, silky with appressed hairs. Calyx-lobes appressed-silky, usually persistcnt .... 10. L. slellatum. Caiyx-lobes silky, but thin and dcciduous. Stems prostrate 13. L. rupestre. Calyx-lobcs membranous, deciduous. Erect or sprcading shrubs 12. L. myrtifolium. Branches not spinescent, often flexuose. Flovvers and leaves small. Calyx silky, the /oie« i'^;-,^ «?i«//. Capsule not pro- miucnt. Suuthern species 14. L. mr/rsinoides. Brauchcs not spiuescent. Flowers pedicellate. Calyx silky. Capsule not prominent. Easteru specics. Calyx usually attenuate at the base . . . \\. L. attennatum. Western spccies. Branches often tlcxuose. Fiowcrs aud leavcs small. Calyx obtuse at the base 15. L. erubescens. Ovary 3-celied. Flowers small, glabrous. Capsule shorter than the calyx-tube. Eastern and tropical species 16. L. ahnorme. Flowers rather large. Calyx densely villous. ^Vestern species 17. L. Roei. Section III. Pericalymma. — Ovari/ vsualitj Z-celled. Ovules fetc (4 to 8 iu each cell). Branchlets Jlexuose and dickotomous. Uestern species. Tall erect shrubs, the truiik not turgid. Flowers ratiicr largc. Calyx clothed with long hairs, the lobes as long as thc tubc 18. L.foridum. Flowcrs rathcr siiiail. Caiyx shortly silky, the lobes much shortcr tlian thc tube 19. L. eUipticum. Dwarf shrub, the base of the stera thickened, almost fusiform . . 20. L. crassipes. L. obliquum, Colla, Hort. Ripul. App. 2. 351, dcscribcd in Icaf only, is not now to be dctcrmiiicd. It is probably L. lanigerum or L. favescens. L. tortuosum and L. burifo- lium, Dcliiih. Kivist. Napul. and L. ciliolutum, L. hypericifolium, L. cupressinum, and L. cuneiforme, Olto and Dietr. Allgcm. Gart. Zeit., described from garden specimens aiul qiioted with short diagnoses in Walp. Rep. ii. 169, are all nnknown to me. They arc probably, as wcll as numerous narnes of Leptosperma, taken from garden catalogues or herbaria by Stcudel or by Schaner, and vvhicli, bcing otherwise unpublishcd, are here omitted, nearly all of them forras of L.favescens, L. lanujerum, or L. scoparixhin. Section I. Fabricia. — Ovary usuallv 6- to J0-celletlor4-celled. Oviiles luimerous. Secds usually 1 or 2, perfect in each cell, ratlier broad, friuged or winged at thc augles, the remainder sterile, slender or flat. Flowers closely sessile. 1. !*• Fabricia, Benth. A shrub or tree resembling the larger speci- inens of L. hevigatnm, but the branches often loosely hairy. Leaves from ohlong-lauceolate to alraost obovate, f to l^ in. long, obtuse or slightly mu- cronate, 3- or 5-nerved. Flovvers larger than in L. lcBvigatum, mostly terrai- Leptospermum.'] XLViii. myktace.1!;. 103 imtiiig sliort leafy briiiichlets, surrouiuled by orbicular imbricate decicluous bracts. Calyx more or less tomentose-villous, tlie tube Iiemisplierical, tlie lol)es nearly as long as tlie tube, orbiciilar, very obtuse, silky or villous out- side. Stameus nuuierous. Ovary usually 10-celled. Capsule very promi- ncut above the calyx-rim, thc tree part usually as long as the enclosed por- tion. Seeds not seeu quite perfect, but in the appareutly ripe capsules ali'eady burst open tlie eularged ovules of each cell are readily dctached in a niass witli the placeuta, the whole assumiug the shape represented by Gfertuer as that of the seed ; enlarged ovules or youug seeds very flat, obliquely obovate- oblong, the upper oues falcate, very ditferently shaped from those of L. Ifeoi- yutum, not winged or very slightly so at the base. — Fabricia mi/rtifolia, Gan'tu. Fruct. i. 175. t. 35. Queensland. Eudeavoiir river, Banks and Solander ; Haggerstoiie aud Lizard Islaiids, A. Cunnhtgham ; Cape York, ir. Uill. The Bauksian specimeus described by Ga^rtuer are iii the sauie state, with uuripe seeds oaly, as A. Cuuuiugham'^. N. S. 'Wales ? 8ome flovveriug specimeus of Vicarys, without the precise locality, appear to beloug to this species. 2. L. Ixvigatum, F. Mmll. Ann. Rep. 1858, and Frar/m. iv, 60. A tall sbrub, often arborescent and attaining 20 to 30 ft., glabroiis aiid some- what glaucous, the young shoots often slightly silky. Leaves from obovate- obloug to oblong-cuneate or narrow-oblong, obtuse, niostly ^ to f in. long, biit sometimes 1 in. or even more, more or lcss couspicuously 3-nerved. riowers axillary, solitary and sessile or nearly so, or very rarely 2 together on a very short common pednncle. Bracts imbricate, bracteoles cohering, but all very deciduous. Calyx glabrons ; tnbe at first broadly turbinate, at length nearly hemispherical ; lobes triangnlar, much shorter than the tube, usually persistent for a long time but falling oft" from the ripe fruit. Sta- mens nuuierous round a broad very Hat disk. Ovary tlat-topped, usually 10- celled ; style short in a central depresssion ; stigma broadly peltate. Capside nearly tlat and scarcely proiniiuuit above the calyx-border. Perfect seeds ustially 1 or very few in each cell, liuear-oblong, more or less compressed, iucurved, fringed all round with a transparent wiug which readily splits up into cilia. Embryo tilliug the seed, the cotyledous ovate-obloug, broader and longer than the radicle. — Fahricia Irerigata, Gfertn. Fruct. i. 175 ; Bot. Mag. t. 1304; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 141; F.myrtifolia, Sieb. Pl. Exs., not of GaBrtu. N. S. 'Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown, Sieber n. 309 ; near the sea, Woolls ; north- ward to Hastiugs river, Beckler ; and southward to Gabo Islaud, Maplestone. Victoria. Port Phillip, li. Brown ; ou the seacoast, Robertson, F. Maeller. Tasmauia. Kiiig's Islaud, R. Brown ; maritiiue sauds, couimou iu some parts of the N. aud N.W. coast aiid islauds of Buss's Straits, /. B. Hooker. \-&x.'i miiius, F. Muell. Brauches sleuder. Leaves obloug-cuueate, uiueronate-acute. Flowcrs much smaller than in the commou form, the calyx-lobes more petal-like. Ovary usualiy 6- to 8-celled, with fewer ovules thau in the commou forra aud the capsules iiiore coiivex. Seeds, according to F. j\Iueller, with or wilhout wiugs. — Fabricia coriacea, F. .Muell., JSiiq. iu Ned. Kruidk. A^rch. iv. 147- Perhaps a distiucl species. N. S. 'Wales. Darliiig river, Victoriun Expedition. Victoria. ISi.W. desert, Lockhart Morton, Ballachy ; scrub near the mouth of the Miirray, F. Mueller. S. Australia. St. Vincenfs and Spencer's Gulfs to the Murray, F. Mueller and others. 104 XLViii. .MiiiTACE.Ti:. [Lej)iospermii7ii. 3. L. firmum, Bi-nth. A tall erect i;labrous shrub, witli virgatebranches. Leaves liuear or linear-lanceolate, acute or rather obtuse, iiarrowed to the base, risfid, ^ to 1 in. lono;. Flowers rather large, closcly sessile. Bracts small, broad, truncate, persistent. Cnlvx glabroiis, tube vcrv broad ; lobes short, broad, inembranous, at length deciduous. Ovary 4-celled or rarelv 3- or 5-celk'd, with uumerous closely-packed but short ovulcs in each cell. Fruit hard, usually ahuost cubical or tri([uetrous, the capsule protruding from the calyx-tube. Seeds usuaiiy 1 or 2 perfect in each cell, obovate- oblong, somewliat flattened, more or less surrouuded by a thin wing breaking iip into cilia as in i. l^vic/atim, aud embryo also as in that species ; barren seeds very numerous, small, often irregularly vvinged. — Homalospermum Jir' rmim, Scliau. in Linnsea, xvii. 242, and in Pl. Preiss. i. 119. 'yjV. Australia. King George's Sound, R. Brown ; chiefly in raarshy places, froni the south coast to Swan Kiver, A. (junniiKjham, Brammond, \sl Coll. n. 139, Preiss, n. I4'i and 148, and others. Section IL EuLEPTOSPERMUJf. — Ovaiy usually 5-celled or, especially m the last two species, 4- or 3-celled. Ovules uumerous. Seeds, both per- /ect and sterile, narrow-linear, witliout wings. 4. L. flavescens, Sm. in Tmns. Linn. Soc. iii. 262. Usually a tall shrub, qiiite glabroiis or the youug parts minutely silky-hoary. Leaves from uarrow-obloug or linear-lanceolate to broadly ,obloiig or even obovate, obtuse or scarccly acute, rigid, flat, uerveless or 1- or 3-nerved, attainiiig f in. in the largest-forras but usually under ^ in. and soinetimes all very small. riowers solitary, terniinatiiig the branchlets or axillary and nearly sessile, as variable in size as in L. laniijerum, and of the same shape. Calyx quite glabrous, tlie ttd)c broadly campanulate or hemispherical ; lobes ovate, as long as the tube, niembranous or thickened in the ceutre. Ovary 5-celled, morc or less convex on the top, with a short central depression routid the style. Capsiile promiuent above the calyx-tube. Seeds all narrovv-liuear, without wings. — 1)C. Prod. iii. 227 ; Hook. f. FL Tasm. i. 139 ; Melaleuca trinervia, White, Trav. 229. t. 24 ?; Leptospermum polygolifoliim, Salisb. Prod. 350 ; L. Thea, Willd. Spec. Pl. ii. 949, and (on his authority) Melaleuca Thea, Wendl. Seit. Ilannov. 24. t. 13 ; L. tubercululum, Poir. Dict. Suppl. iii. 338 (from the cliaracter given). Queensland. Abnndant i'bout Brisbane rivcr and Morctop. Bay, A. Cunnitigfiam, F. Miii-ller.^ and otFiers; Percy Island, ^. Cunniiif/ham ; Port Denison, Fitzalan, N. S. Wales. Port Jacksou to the Bhie jMoniitains, R. Brown, Sieber, n. 315, and Fl. Mi.rf. n. 54'J, and others ; in the iuterior, Fraser ; New England, C. Stuart ; Illawarra, A. Cnnniiniliam. Victoria. Biiiralo l?ange, Yarra, Goulbourn, and Ovens rivers, F. Mneller. Tasmania. Abiindant on banks of rivers, etc. J. D. Hooker. This species, which extends also into the ludian Archipelago and Malacca, is scarcely to he distinguished from L. lanigerum except by the absence of all hairs or down from the calyx, and is equally variable, the cxtreine forms being at first sight so dissiniilar that it rcquircs the examination of a hirge luunber of spccimeus to believe in thcir spccific ideii- tity, aiid at tlie sainc tinie it is almost impossible to draw a precise line of demarcation be- tween this aiid scveral others. The foliowing are the varieties which a|)pear to be the inost promincnt and distinct. a. commune. Leaves narrow, from under ^ in. to f in. long. Flowers middle-sized.— Bot. iMag. t. 2695 ; L. porophyllum, Cav. Ic. iv. 17. t. 330. L2 (from the fig. and descr.) ; L. amboinense, DC. Prod. iii. 229, at least the specimens so named by Miquel aad Blume; LeptospermiiDi.'] XLViii. MYinACE.E. 105 Mmklottia arnhoinensis, Korth. in Ned. Kiuidk. Arch. i. l'.)6. — From Tasmania to Qucens- land, and iu the Indiau Archipelago. b. obovatum, F. Jluell. Leaves from broadly obovate to obovate-oblong, under \ in. long. — L. ohovatum, Swcet, Fl. Austral. t. 36 ; L. micromijrtns, Miq. in Ned. Krnidk. Arch. iv. 14.5 (from tlie cliaracter giveu) ; N, S. Wales aud Victoria, the Port Jackson specimens with rather thin aud 3-uerved leaves, the southeru oues witli much thickcr rigid nerveless leaves. L. emarrjinatum, Wendl. in Spreng. Syst. ii. 491, has the leaves narrow as in a, but Very obtuse or emarginate as in b. c. grandiftorum. Leaves rather large. Flowers larger than in any other varicty. — L. grandiflorum, Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 514 ; L. virgatum, Schau. in Linnaea, xv. 410 ; L. nobUe,¥. iMuell. ; Miq. in Ncd. Kruidk. Areh. iv. 145. — Paramatta, iVooJls; Bhie Mouutains, A. Cunuingham ; Tasmauia, C. Stuart. d. micropJigllum. Leaves tiat, ohloug or hiuceohite, i to ^ iu. long. — Chiefly in Queensland. e. minutifolium, P. Muell. Leaves all uuder ^ in. and nmslly under 2 liucs long, ob- ovate or obloug, coucave aud recurved. Flowers very small. — New Englaud, C. btuart. This may prove sufficieully distiuct to be considered as a species. 5. Ij. scoparium, Forst. CJiar. Gen. 48. A rigid verv much branclied slirub, in alpine situations low and almost prostrate, niore usually erect, and attaining sonu-times 10 to 13 ft., tlie young slioots often silky, the adult foliage mostly glabrous. Leaves from ovate to linear-lanceolate or linear, rigid, concave, acute and puugent-pointed, mostly under \ in. long. Flowers axillary, sessile and solitary, or rarely termiuating sliort lateral brancldets. Calyx quite glabrous, as variable in size as in L. ftavescens, and the flowers and fruit otherwise precisely as in that species. — Sm. in Trans. Linn. Soc. lii. 262; Andr. Bot. Kep. t. "623; DC. Prod. iii. 327; Bot. Mag. t. 3419; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 138; Schau. in Linua?a, xv. 424; L. fiorihundum, Salisb. Prod. 349, and L. recurvifollnm, Salisb. 1. c. 3.50 (from the characters given) ; L. jnniperinmn (with narrow leaves), Sm. in Trans. Liun. Soc. iii. 263 ; Vent. Jard. Mahn. t. 89 ; Schau. iu Linnfca, xv. 43 1 ; X. mnltifiorum, Cav. Ic. Pl. iv. 17. t. 331. f. 1; L. juniperifoliian, Cav. 1. c. 18. t. 331. f. 2 ; L.sqiinrrosum, Sieb. Pl. Exs. ; L. ruhricaule, Link, Eiuuu. Hort. Berol. ii. 25; L. styjthelioides, Schau. in Linnsea, xv. 423; L. ociculare, Schau. 1. c. 429 ; L. oxijcedrus, Schau. 1. c. 432 ; L. baccatum., Schau. l.c. 433, not of Sm. including according to Schau. L. persicifiorum, Eeichb. Hort. Bot. iii. 8. t. 220 ; L. divaricatum, Scliau. in Walp. Kep. ii. 923 (a starved sraall-leaved form). Queensland. Jloretou Bay, Murrag, according to Schauer. N. S. Wales. Fort Jackson to the Blue Mounlaius, R. Brown, Sieb. n. 310, 311, a9id Fl. Mixt. n. 547, 548, A. Cunningham, and olhers; uorthward to Chirence river, Beclcler; and southward to Illawarra, A. Cunningham ; and Twofold Bay, F. Mueller. Victoria. Commou iu hcaths aud moist situatious, Rohertson, F. .Mueller. Tasmania. A'ery abuudaut throughout the colony, R. Brown, J. D. Hooker, etc. S. Australia. Moist localities, St. Vinceufs aud Speucer's Gulfs, F. Mueller ; Kan- garoo ishmd, M uterhonse. The species is also iu Ncw Zealand. 6. Li. arachnoideum, Sm. in Trans. Linn. Soc. iii. 203. A rigid much branched shrub, with the habit of the narrow-leaved forms of L. sco- pariiim, and the same pungeut crowded rigid concave linear lcaves, but with the flowers of L. lanifjernm, mostly on short lateral leafy branches, closely surrounded by floral leaves. Calyx broad, rather large, loosely wooUy-hairy. Capsule shortly protruding from the calyx-tube, 5-celled or very rarely 3- or 4-celled. — DC. Prod. iii. 228 ; L. aracknoides, Gaertn. Prnct. i. 175. t. 35 ; L. Iriloculare, Vent. Jard. Malm. t. 88; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 791. 106 XLViii. MYKTACE.t. \_Leplospermum. N. S. \Vales. Port Jackson, R. Brown, A. and R. Cunnwgham, and othcrs. L. baccaiuw, Sin. in Trans. Linn. Soc. iii. 264, is a form with much k-ss wooUy ca]yx(s, almost connccting this species with L. scoparitan. Some specimens from C. Moore are qiiite like thc one in Smith's hcrbarinm. 7. L. spinescens, Endl. iu Huef/. Enum. 51. A verv vv^ul slirub witli stout divaricatc brauches, the smaller ones spinesceut. Leaves from obovate to cuneate-oblong- or oblanceolate, mostly obtuse, thick and rigid, t to ^ iu. lon»;:, 1-nerved or obscurely 3-uerved. Flowers rather hirge, solitary and closely sessile. Calyx-tube broadly hemispherical, densely woolly-tomeutose, 3 to 4 liues diameter; lobes ovate, tomentose, much shorter than the tube, persisteut. Petals scarcely above 2 lines diameter. Stamens about 20 ; conuective ghand of the authers particularly large. Ovary flat-topped, with a very slight central depression, in many flowers rudimentary or completely abortive, 5-celled ; ovules very numerous. Capsule hard, nearly Hat aud not produced above the calyx-tube. TV. Australia. Lucky Bay, iJ. ^rawM; King George's Sound or to the eastward, Iluer/cf, Brummond, \st Coll. n. 146 or 148, Ba.rter, Roe. 8. L. lanigerum, Sin. in Trans. Linn. Soc. iii. 263. A tali erect shrub, sometimes growiug iuto a small tree, rarely low aud bushy, the brancldets usually softly piibescent. Leaves from o])ovate-obloug to elliptical or nar- row-obloug, exceediugly variable in size and incUimentum, in some luxuriant speciinens attaiuing f in. or even more, but luiturally not above ^ in. and iu sjme varieties all very much smaller, obtuse or nuicronate-acute, more or less lioary silky or hairy underueath or on both sides, rarely glabrous except a few silky hairs on the margin, when broad and thiu showing 1, 3 or 5 nerves, more frequently rigidly coriaceous, the uerves scarcely prominent or couceahd by the indumeutum. Flowers solitary, terminating very short leafy branchlef s, or rarely sessile ou tlie branehes Avithout iutervening k-aves. Calyx broad, more or less densely clothed with silky or woolly hairs ; lobes triangular, often as long as the tube. Petals twice as long, broad, distinctly clawed. Staraens about 20 to 30, iu a siugle series. Ovary 5-celled, convex, with a ceutral depression, with numerous ovules in eacli cell. Capsule nearly globular but depressed at the top, more or less protruding from tbe calyx- tube, the lobes wearing off, varying frora uuder 3 to above 4 lines diameter. Seeds liuear without wings ; cotvledons as long as or rather longer than tiie radiole.— DC. Prod. iii. 227 ; Hook. f. FJ. Tasm. i. 139 ; L. austrnh, Salisb. Prod. 350; Melaleuca trinervia, \Vhite, Joiu-n. 229. t. 24 (quoted by Smith aiul DC. as L. trinerve), is either this or L.Jlavescetis. N. S. Wales. Port Jackson to the Blue Mountaius, R. Brown, and olhers, uorth- wnnl to Mount .MitclicU, /?/'c/r/fr, southward to lliawaiTa, J. C«??w/wy//«w, and Tuotbld ]5;iy, I\ Mueller,~-A\\A iii tiie iiiterior to ^Licquarrie and Cox's rivers, Fraser, A. Cunningham. Victoria. (iipiis' Laiid nnd niouiitaiiioiis districts geucrally, aeighbourhood of Mel- boiinic, Port 1'hillii), ctc, F. Mueller aiid others. Tasmania. .Ibmulaiil tliroughout tlic islaud in many soils and situations, /. B. Hooker. S. Australia. Kivoli Bay, mouth of the Glenelg, Port Adelaide, Onkaparimra iaii};e. F. Muet/er. i ^ o Tliis exceedingly variable sjiccics has the calyx sometimes nearly glabrous, and then passes almost into L. Jlavescens, whilst ihe smaller-fiovvered forms are closely couuectcd wilh sevcral of the foUowiiig species ; the most marked varicties are -. — a. Llovvcrs large. Leaves coriaeeous with a very short point, shiuiug above, silky-hairy Zejitospernmm.] XLViii. myktace^. 107 underneath, with recurved niariiins. Bracts large aud often persistent. — L. granclifoliiim, Sui. iu Trans. Linu. Soc. vi. 299. b. Flowers large. Lcaves broad, aI)out \ iu. long, silky or nearly glabrous, the latter in- cluding L. uUidtun, Ilook. f. Fl. Tasni. i. 139, and only differing from L.Jlavescens \\\ the liairy calyx. c. Flowers large. Leavcs uarrower, ^ to 1 in. loug. — L. grandifoHum, Bot. i\lag. t. 1810 ; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 701 ; L. toiisuni, Schau. iu Linnrea, xv. 422 (froni the dcscription). d. Flowers large. Leaves rather narrow, \ to 1 in., loug, very rigid, with alniost puiigeut points, conuecting the spccies vvith L. scoiuinum. Interior of N. S. Wales and Victoria. e. Flowers snialler. Leaves niostly under \ iu., often silky on both sides, the coinmonest forni in Tasmauia, Victoria, and S. Australia. — L. pubesceris, Lam. Dict. iii. 406 ; L. villosinn, Otto aud Dittr. ; Walp. Rcp. ii. 169; L. Cunniiighamii, Schau. iu Liuuica, xv. 4'?0 ; L. glaucescens, Schau. 1. c. 421 ; L. Caiidollei, Schau. 1. c. 441 ; L. microjiligllum, F. Muell. ; Miq. in Ned. Kruidk. Arch. iv. 142. f. Flowers small. Leaves small, obovate or orbicular. Mountains of Victoria and pro- bably also the specimeiis from JMouut Mitchell, which are hovvever iiuperfect. L. pilosum, Schau. in Walp. Rcp. ii. 923, is described froin Tasmauian spccimeiis of C'uuninghara's u. 84. I have not found this n. in his herbarium, but the only Tasmaiiian species to which Schauer's diaguosis is applicable is L. lanigerum in some of its numerous forms. L. splendens, Schau. 1. c. seems to refer to one of the larger varieties of L. lani- gerion. 9. L. parvifolmm, 8m. in Trans. Liun. Soc. iii. 263. A shrub with slender braiiches, pubescent or woolly when young. Leavcs obovate or oblong-, very obtuse, thick, nerveless or faintly 3-nervecl, flat, 1, 2 or rarely 3 lines long. Flowers small, solitary or rarely 2 together at or near tlie end oF lateral leafy branehlets. Calyx-tube rather broadly campanulate, but rarely above 1\ lines diameter, loosely and softly villous, lobes ovate, niem- branous, glabrous or slightly pubescent, neai'Iy as loiig as the tube. Ovary 5-ceIIed, short, slightly convex. — DC. Prod. iii. 228 ; L. eriocalyx, Sieb. Pl. Exs. N. S. Wales. Port Jackson to the Bhie Mountains, H. Browii, Sieber, n. 313, aud others; and westward to Liverpool Plains, ^. Cunningham ; near Richmond, C. Moore. Very near the small-ltaved forms of L. lanigerum, of which F. Mueller considers it a variety. 10. L. stellatum, Cav. Ic. iv. 16. t. 330./. 1 (from tlie fignre ancl de- scriplionj. Much-branched and erect, from 2 or 3 to several feet high, the young shoots silky-pubescent, the aduit foliage glabrous or nearly so. Leaves from rather broadly eIliptical-ol)loiig to oblong-Iinear or linenr-lanceolate, mostly from j to y in. lono:, obtuse or mucronate-acute, rather rigid, more or less conspicuously 1- or 3-nerved. PIoAvers rather sinall, sessile or very shortly pedicellate in the upper axils or terminating short leafy shoots and then often tvvo together. Calyx-tube broadly turbinate, densely silky-pubcscent ; lobes silky, more acute and more persistent than in L. mi/rtifoli/an. Ovary tiat- topped cr concave. Capsule level Avitli the margin of the calyx or scarcely protruding. — L. sericatum, Lindl. in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 398. Queensland. Moreton Island, M'GilHvrag ; Logan river, Fraser ; near Lake Salvator, Mitchell ; Rockingham Bay, Dallachy (specimens iu fruit only, and doubtful. Capsulcs very small). N. S. TVales. Port Jackson to the Blue ^Mouutaius, A. and R. Cunningham and others. Var. grandifloriim. Flowcrs larger, the calyx-tube fuUy 2 liiieslong. — L. gnidiiTfolium of Gerraan gardens, butscarcely of DC. Queensland, Bowman ; Port Jackson, Herb. F. Mueller, 108 XI, VIII. MVRTACE^. \Lcptos}H'rmmn . 11. L. attenuatum, Sm. m Tra^is. Linn. Soc. iii. 2fi2. Very ncar L. stellatum, dirti^ring oiilv in the pedicollate flowers. Branches usunlly slender jind loose. Leaves mostly narrow-ohlong and ahont \ in. long, hiit varying froni hroadly ohlong ancl \ in. to linear and ahove 1 in. h)ng. riowcrs usually sniall, solitary in the axils or 2 together ou sliort leafy hranchletb, ou pedicels of 1 to 2 hues. Calyx-tuhe densely silky-puhesceut, coutracted at the hase, lohes usually persistent. Capsule scarcely prouiinent above the calyx-rim. — L. penduli(m, Sieb. Pl. Exs. ; L. gnidKBJolinm, DC. Prod. iii. 228?; L. brevipes, P. Mueil. in Trans. Vict. Inst. 1855, 125. Queenand. Noitliuriiberland islands, i2. Brown (with small leaves and flowers) ; TJan^cs near Peak Downs, F. Mveller (with long narrow ieaves). N. S. 'Wales. Port Jaekson to the Blue Mountains, Sieber, n. 312; Hustings river, Beckler ; New England, C. Stuart. (Leaves small or middle sized, often somewhat cuneate, alinost passing into L. slef/atitm.) Bent's Basin, Woolls (wilh very iiarrow leaves). Victoria. Avon, Mitta-Mitta, Oveus, and other rivers iu Gipps' Land, F. Mueller. 12. L. myrtifolium, Sieh. in DC. Prod. iii. 238. A tall shruh attain- ing 8 to 10 ft. hut flowering when ouly 1 to 2 ft. high, tlie branehes usually niore slender tliau in L. lanigernm, glahrous or silky. Leaves usually sniall and rarely ^ in. long, ohovate or oblong, flat or coucave, nerveless or 1- or 3-nerved, glabrous or silky-white. Plowers rather small, ail or nearly all solitaiy, sessile and axillary. Eracts noue or already fallen from the very young bud. Calyx-tube turbiuate, silky with appressed liairs, rarely above 2 lines diameter, lohes shorter than the tuhe, glahrous or slightly silky, membranous and much more deciduous than in Z. lanigernm. Ovary flat- topped or coucave, with a central depression round the style, 5-celled. Cap- sule flat-topped, on a level with or scarcely protriiding from the calyx-rim. — Ilook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 140; Eriostemon? trinerve, Hook. Journ. Bot. i. 254; L. multicaule, A. Cunn. in Field, N. S. Wales. 349; Schau. in Walp. Rep. ii. 923. Queensland. Moreton Tsland, M^OilHvrrii/ (like a var. of L. lanigerum froiii the sanie plaee, butwith tlie caiyx of L. wijrtifoliuw) ; lioekbauipton, Thozet (leaves uarrow aud glabrous). N. S. Wales. Port Jackson to the Blue Mountaius, Sieher, ti. 314 , in the S.W. intcrior, Fraser (all with narrow canesccut leaves) ; near Bathurst, A. Cunnivgham (leavea sinali aud silky). Tasmania. Sandliills near the sea in the uortheni parts of the islaiid, /. D. Hooker (ghdjrous with suiall leaves). The speeies appearsto pass on the oue haud iiito L. nte/tatum, iiiul on the other iiito Z. laingeruiii. 13. Ij. rupestre, Llook. f. in Ilook. Ic. Pl. t. 308, and Fl. Tasm. i. 140. t. 30. A proeunibeiit or prostrate shrub, closely allied to the var. oliovatnm of L.fliivescens, but connecting as it were that species with some forms of L. ivyriifoiiam and L. lanigerum, and may he alniost considered as an alpine variety of eitlier of them. Leaves obovate to oblong, narrowed into a petiole, thick aiid usually nerveless, obtuse or uearly so, rarely exceed- ing 3 lines. FU)wers sniall, sessile in tlie axils or teiniinatiug short leafy branchU'ts. Cal\x-tube hroad, loosely silky, lohes memhrauous and deci- (hious, hiit more or less silky. Capsule piouiimut above tlu^ calyx-riui as in L. flavescens. Tasmania. Comuion ou the tops of inountains at an elevatiou of 3 to 5000 ft., ./. D. Ilooker. Leptospermum.'] XLViii. mvktace.b. 109 14. L. myrsinoides, ScJdecht. LiunTo, xx. G53. A deiise busby sbrub, glabrous or tbe youug sboots silky-pubesceut, approacbing sometiuies in babit L. scoparium, but tbe leaves not pungeut, or L. erubesceiis, but witb more sessile tiowers, aud sometiines witb Hexuose brancbes almost as in tbe section Pericalymma, and distinguisbed from all by tbe sbortness of tbe caIyx-lol)es. Leaves from obovate to oblong-Iinear or cuueate, obtuse or obscurely mucroiuite-acuminate, rigid, concave, 3-nerved, often recurved, mostly 2 to 3 lines but sonietiines \ in. loug. Fkjwers often polygamous, sinall, almost all terminating very sbort leafy branclilets. Calyx-tube silky- wbite witb appressed bairs, campanulate, soniewbat turliiuate, uuder 2 lines fiiameter, tlie free luargin often glabrous ; lobes exceedingly sbort, mein- branous, glabroiis. Ovary 4- or 5-celIed, nearly flat-topped, witb a sinall central depressiou. Capside 2 to 3 lines diameter, scarcely projecting above tbe calyx. Victoria. Conimoii iii heathy tracts in the western districts, Robcrison, F. MiieUer, aud others ; Snowy Kiver, F. Mueller ; N.W. portion, L. Morton ; Wimniera, Latlaclit/. S. Australia. Sandy districts between Gawler aud Light rivers, Be/ir ; St. Vincenfs Gulf, Whitial^cr, Blandowski ; Kangaroo Island, Waterhonse. 15. L. erubescens, Schau. in PL. Preiss. \. 121. A spreadiug mucb- braucbed sbrub of several feet, tbe braucblets rather sleuder but rigid aud often Hexuose, tbe young sboots silky, or at lengtb glabrous or nearly so, Leaves frora obovate and scarcely 2 lines, to oblong aud uearL \ in. loiig, ratber tbick, obscurely 1- or 3-nerved, often concave aud reciirved, especially wbeu sbort. Flowers usnally sbortly pedicellate, axillary aud solitary or two togetber on sbort lateral branchlets. Calyx-tube broadly turbiuate, 1 to 1 g- liiies long, silky or rarely uearly glabrous ; lobes ovate-triaugular, persistent, more or less fringed-ciliate. Stamens usually 15 to 20, but sometimes fewer ; filameuts sligbtly dilated. Ovary 5- or rarely 4-celIed at first, flat-topped ; ovules numerous iu eacb cell. Capsule usually more couvex, but rarely pro- truding froai tbe calyx-riin. TV. Australia. Gordon river, Freiss, n. 133 ; Gardner ranges, Ma.rwelt, also Driim- mond, \st Cotl. n. 145, Roe. Var. stricta. Branches straighter, leaves longer, Drummond, ^tk Cotl. n. 130, and Suppt. n. 28 (the hitter intermediate) ; Phillips and Oldtieid rivers, Maxwetl. Var. ■psitoeaty.T. Calyx glahrous or nearly so, and distinctly ribbed. — Kunzea podantka, F. Muell. Frdgni. ii. 28 ; W. Australia, Brummond, ath Cott. n. 129; Mount Barker, Otdfietd; Phillip's Flat, Fitzgerald rauges, Maxwett. L. sericeum, Schau. in Pl. Preiss. i. 121; froui the Quaugen plaius, Preiss, n. 135, appears, from the poor specimens seen, to be this species, and does not at all agree with Labillardiere's figure, which represeuts Kunzea sericea. 16. L. abnorme, F. Muell. Herb. A tall sbrub witb ratber slender virgate brancbes, glabrous or tbe young sboots minutely silky. Leaves linear-lanceolate, acute or mucrouate, mostly 1 to 2 in. long, promiueutly 1- nerved, witb 1 or 2 faiut lateral uerves oii eacb side. Flowers nearly sessile, ratber sraall, axillary or several togetber in a compact sessile terininal coiyni- bose raceme. Bracts very deciduous. Calyx-tube turbiuate, glabrous, nearly IJ lines long; lobes ovate-triangular, persisteut, witb petal-Iike margins. Petals about twice as long as the calyx-Iobes, less contracted at the base tban in most Leptospermums. Stamens about 25, crowded opposite 110 XLviii. MYRTACE^. \_Leplo8penmim. the sepals, solitary opposite the petals. Ovary S-celled, slightly convex, with €i (leep central depression ; ovnles nunierous. Capsule convex, but shorter than thc calyx-tube. — Kunzea brachyandra, F. Muell. Fragm. ii. 27. N. Australia. Port Essington, Armstronr/. (Flowcrs small aud moslly imperfect.) Queensland. Noitimnibcrland Islaud, iJ. Brovjn ; Uiick Creck, BaUachij. (Leaves in i)olli ouly aboiit \ in. and the specimeus in fruit only and therefore doubtful.) N. S. TVales. Hastings river, A. Cimninyham, Dallachy ; Severn river, C. Stuart. 17. "Lt.^oex, Benth. Branches slender, virgate, silky-puljescent. Leaves obovate-obloug, obtuso, narrowed at tlie base, flat, 3 to nearly 6 Hnes long, thick, silky-white, or at length glabrons. Fiowers rather large, nearly sessile and axilhuy. Bracts sniall. Calyx-tube turbinate, rather broad, densely villous, with white silky hairs, about \\ lines long; lobes very silky, persis- teiit, ahout 1 line loiig. Ovary 3-celled, 'with numerous ovules in each cell. TV. Australia. Iii the interior, Roe. Section III. Pericalymma. — Ovary xisually 3-celled. Ovules few (4 to 8 in each cell). Seeds often solitary in each cell, not winged. Branches nsually dicliotomous and flexuose. Tiie follovving thrce species may possibly prove to be vaineties of a siiigle one. 18. L. floridum, Benih. An erect shrnb, attaining 10 ft., but flowering when still sniall, with the habit, flexiiose dicliotomous branchlets, foliage and inflorescence of L. eUipticnm, only diftering in the larger flowers, thecalyx and bracts clothed witli long silky hairs, the calyx-lobes larger, usually about as long as tiie tube. Stamens numerous. — FericaJymma floridam, Schau. in ?1. Preiss. i. 121. W. Australia. Swaii River, Preiss, n. 131, Druwwond, \st Coll. n. 144. 19. L. ellipticum, Undl. in Hiier/. Enum, 51. A tall erect glabrous shrub, tlic snndlcr braiicjdets flexuose and dicliotomous. Leaves froni obovate- elliptical to narruw-cuucate, obtuse acute or mucronate, usnally narrowed at the base, concave and recurved at the end, 2 to 3 lines long or rarely more. Flowers rather small, solitary, sessile in the upper axils and often a])'pearing almost terminaI,surroundcd by 3 or 4 imbricate scarious bracts. Calyx-tube turbinate, about 1 line long ; lobes small, ovate, persistcnt. Petals obovate, often 2 lines loiig. Stamens about 15. Ovaiy 3-celIed, with 5 or 0 ovules in each cell, the style in a deep central dcpression ; stigmn peltate. Fruiting calyx ovoid, 1| to 2 lines long, crcwned by the erect persistent lobes. Cap- s\de inuch shorter than the calyx-tubc, 3-ceIIed with a hardened tndocarp. Secds solitary in each cell ; testa tliin ; embryo straight, the cotyledons mucli longcr tlian the radicle. — Vericnhjmma ellipticum, Schau. in Pl. Preiss. i. 120. W. Australia. King George's Soiind to Vasse aiid Swan rivcrs, Euegel, Bruwmond, 2nd CoU. n. 80, Ba.rter, Freiss, n. 132 and 157. 20. L. crassipes, Lehn. Ind. Sem. Ilort. Ilamh. 1842, according to Schauer. A small slirub, frora a few inches to nearly a foot high, the base of the stem much tliickcned aiul almost fusiform, otherwise thc tortuous dicho- tomous branclies, foliage and inflorescenec are thosc of L. ellipticum. Leaves usually small. Flowers nuich sniallcr thaii in L. ellipticum. Calyx-tube glabrous, turbinate, f liiie loug ; lobcs uearlv a.s long. Petals about 1 line Lepiospermitm.'] xLviii. myutacE;E. 111 long. Stamens aboiit 10. Ovary S-celled with 4 or 5 ovules in eacli cell, shorter tlian in L. ellijjticnm. — Ferieali/mma cransipes, Scliau. in Pl. Preiss. i. 120. ■W. Australia. King Georg;e's Souik], R. Brown ; boggy ground near Albany, Preiss, n. 15.5, iilso Druinmond, n. 220. Possibly an abuormal state rather than a variety oi' L. elliplicMm. 19. KUNZEA, Eeichb. (Salisia, Lindl. ; Peatagouaster, Klotzsch.) Calyx-lube ovoid or globular, aduate to the ovary at the base, the free part rarely dilated ; loljes 5, small, imbricate or open, usually erect, o-reen or scarious at the edges ouly. Petals 5, small, orbicuhir, spreadiuu-. Stamens longer than the petals, indetinite, free, in 1 or several series ; fihaments fib- form ; anthers small, versatile ; cells parallel, opening in lougitudinal slits, the connective with a small globuhir gland. Ovary 2- to 5-celled, usually glabrous on tlie top, with 2 or more frequently numerous ovules in each cell, horizoutal or pendulous froni a more or less peltate placenta; style filifonn, inserted in a sbght central depression of the ovary ; stigma small or capitate. Capside wholly inferior, not woody, and in one species fieshy, crowned by the persistent scarcely hardened free portion of the calyx, opening at the top locuHcidally. Seeds pendulous, oblong or obovoid ; testa thin or firm ; em- bryo straight ; cotyledons phmo-convex, longer than the superior radicle. — Shrubs, often heath-bke. Leaves aUernate or very rarely here and tliere opposite, small, entire. Flowers sessile or rarely pedicellate in the upper axils, or more frequently in terminal heads, rarely an oblong spike below tlie end of the brancli, with a broad scale-bke bract, and 2 smaller bracteoles Tunler each flower, and sometimes several empty bracts imbricate round the head. The genus is liniited to Auslralia. Forraerly iuchided in Meirosideros, it differs in habit, iuflorescence, and structurc of the ovary, much nearer alh'ed to Lepfospertnian, but readily distiuguislied by the exserted stamens ; it also jiasses iuto C(f//istemo?/,throi\gh K. Baxteri. lu K.paucijloru soine of the leaves are often exccptioually opposite, so as ahnost to counect the genus with Hypocalymma. Section I. Eukunzea. — Ovules noi mimerous (2 to 12) in eack cell, pendulons, in 0 roivs. Ovary 2- or 3-celled, with 2 to 4 ovules in each celL- Leaves iiuear-cuueate, tiat, rigid, 2 to 4 lines long. Flowers small, nunierous, iit dense globular heads, glabrous or nearly so . . . \. K. micrantha. Leaves semiterete, crowded, about 2 lines long. Howeis fcw, rather large. Calyx densely wooUy-white 2. K. eriocuhjx. Ovary 2- or 3-celled, witii about 8 ovnles in each celi. Leaves semi- terete, crowded. Flowers small, iu dense heads 3. A'. Muelleri. Ovary 5-celled, with 8 to 12 ovules iu each cell. Western species. riowers in globular terrainal heads. Leaves liuear, mostly acute, 3 to 4 lines long. Flowers greenish- yellow (piuk in tlie followiug species) 4-. K. ericifolia. Leaves oblanceolate or linear, obtuse, tlat, rigid, mostly 2 to 4 lines. Calyx softly villous 5. A'. Preissiana. Leaves obovate to Hnear-cuneate, obtuse, rigid, 2 to 3 iincs. Calyx usually glabrous 6. .ff". recurva. Leaves obovate or oblong, 1 to H lines. Flowers small. Calyx softlv villous or KJalirous ""i. K. micromcra. 112 XLviii. MYRTACEiT;. [Knnzea. Flovvers 2 to 4 together, scarcely capitate. Leaves semiterete, crowded. Calyx trlabrons S. K. pa?iciJora. Section II. Salisia. — Ovales very numerousin each cell, coverinff a peltate placenta. Ovary 3-eelied or rarely 2- or 4-eelled. Eastern species. Flowers axillary or iu loose or ovoid heads. Bracts lanceolate or noiie. Leaves oblong or linear, 1 line or less. Flowers small, sessile . 9. K. parvifolia. Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, i to 5 in. or niore. Flowers pedicellate 10. A'. pedinicularis. Flowers sessile IL A'. corifolia. Flowers sessile, in globular terminal heads. Bracts broad. Leaves from obovate to linear-cuneate. Bracts leafy or small and scarious. FVuiting-calyx ovoid, dry 12. A'. cupilata. Leaves ovate or orbicular. Hracts very broad, as long as the caiyx. Fruiting-calyx globular, fleshy 13. K.jmmifera. Ovaiy 5-ceiled. Fiowers ratber loug. Westeru species. Leaves obovate, silky. Flowers polygamous ; males in a loose ter- minal clustcror short raceme, the perfect ones often solitary . . 14. K. sericea. Leaves linear-oblong or laneeolate. F^lowers in a dense spike beh)w Ihe end of the brauch, with long crinison stamens 15. K.Baxteri. K. trinervia, Turcz. in Bull. Mosc. 1862, ii. 326, said to be from Norfoik Island, ' Reli- quiffi Cunuinghamianic,' n. 110, rnust be founded on some mistake. Cunuiugham's Norfolk Islaiid collectiou coutains no such plant. The coUection sold some years siuce with " Nor- folk Islaud " j)rinted labeis, cousisted chiefly of commou N.S. Wales species. Section T. Eukunzea. — Ovules not numerous (2 to 12) in eaol) cell, pendulous, in 2 vows on an oblong or peltate placenta. 1. K. micrantha, ScJiau. iu Pl. Preiss. i. 125. Apparently small aud erect, quite jilabrous or witli a very sliglit pubescence about the voung flower- beads. Leaves linear or Hnear-cinieatc, erect or slightly recurved, flat, rigid, obtuse, 1-nerved, 2 to 4 lines long. Fiowers nunierous, in dense, teriuinal, globular heads. Bracts broadly ovate-acuminate or rhomboidal, scarious or abnost coriaceous, nearly as longas the calyx-tube ; bracteoles narrow. Calyx- tube about 2 bnes long, but much nan-ower than in most species, especially at the base, and obbque or incurved, usually glabrous ; lobes very small, ovate, obtuse. Petals iiearly 1 line long. Stamens not numerous, from a little longer than the petals to twice as long. Ovary 2- or 3-celled, wath 2 to 4 pendidous ovules in each cell ; stigma small. "W. Avistra.\ia., Drummond, \st Coll., also Wi CoU. n. 139 or 159; Preiss ; Salt Rivcr, Mcixwe/I (in Flcrl). Ohlfield). The species was originaliy described by Schaner, from specimens with the flowers so youug that he had afterwarUs misgivings about it and suppressed it (Pl. Preiss. ii. 223), but Drummond's specimens show it to bea very distiuct species, quite difTerent from A'. tnicro- mera, Schau.,with which Preiss's specimens had been mixed, aud whichit resemblesiu foliage. Iii tliis respect it resembles also the var. prastans of K. recurva, but the flowers are dilferent. 2. K. eriocalyx, T. Mnell. Fragm. ii. 28. Apparently a small heath- like plant, ghd^rous except the inflorescence. Leaves croAvded, linear, senii- terete, clianiielled above, obtuse, about 2 lines long. Flowers few, in terminal heads or sometimes solitary. Bracts ovate or rhomboidal, mucronate or acu- minate ; bractcoles narrow. Calyx-ttd)e nearly 2 lines long, ovoid, densely clothed with white woolly liairs ;' lobes sliort," ovoid, obtuse. Petals deep Kioizea.'] XLViii. myrtace,^. 113 piiik, ;il)Out \\ lines (lianietcr. Stamens 12 to 16, froni a little lonoev tlian tlie petals to twice as long-. Ovary 2-celIetl, witli 2 collateral pendnlous oviiles iu eacli cell ; stigma small, not capitate. ^V. Australia. Middle Moiiut Barren, MaxiceU, a sinule small specimeii iii Herb. r. MueU. 3. K. Muelleri, Bcnth. A low heath-like busliy shrub, more or less pubescent. Leaves scattered, occasionally opposite, clustered and alniost de- cussate on the smaller branchlets, linear, concave or semiterete, mostly 2 to 3 lines long. Flowers (yellow ?) sessile, in small, dense, softly villous heads at or just below the ends of the branches. Inner bracts narrow, scarious ; brac- teoles ovate-hinceolate, acute, keeled, nearly as lonp: as the calyx-tube. Calyx- tube about \\ lines long ; lobes from broadly ovate to hmceolate-triaugular, shorter thon the petals. Petals about 1 linediameter. Stamens very numerous, in more than one series, not exceeding twice the length of thepetals. Ovary 2- or 3-celled, with about 8 ovules in each cell, horizontal or reflexed, on a peltate placenta ; stigma small, but capitate. Pruitiug-calyx scarcely eu- hirged. Seeds pendulous, but not seen perfect. — K. ericifolia, F. Muell. in Trans. Vict. Inst. 1855, 123, not of Ileichb. Victoria. Ilaidingcr Range, Mount WelliQatou, and Munyong mountains, at an eleva- tiou of 4 to 0000 ft., F. MueUer. 4. K, ericifolia, ReicJib. Consp. 175. A tall shrub with virgate branches, more or less pubescent or densely hirsute, as Avell as the leaves, or rarely nearly ghxbrous. Leaves linear, spreading or recurved, flat, coucave or ahnost triquetrous, mostly mucronate-acute, rather rigid, 2 to 4 lines long. Flowers (greenish-yeliow) in dense globular heads, the rhachis woolly-villous. Bracts obovoid or rhomboidal, acute or almost obtnse, from half as long to nearly as long as tlie calyx, decidttous ; bracteoles smaller. Calyx-tube ob- ovoitl or tiirbinate, glabrons or pubescent, nearly 2 lines long; lobes short, erect. Petals rather above 1 line diameter. Stamens numerous, in several series, 2 or 3 times as longas the petals. Ovary 5-celIed, Avith abont 10 ovules in each cell, in 2 rows. Pruiting-calyx considerably enlarged. Seeds black, obovoitl-obloug, pendulous ; cotyledons twice as long as the radicle. — Melro- sideros ericifoHa, Sm. in Rees, Cyclop. xxiii. ; 1)C. Prod. iii. 225 ; Kinizea vestita, Scliau. in PI. Preiss. i. 126. ii. 224. TV. Australia. King George's Sound, B. Bromi, and adjoiuing distrlcts, cliiefly iu low xvet places uear the sea, Meuzies, Drummond, \st Coll. n. 131; Preiss, n. 272, and uiany others. Var. glahrior. Generally less viilous and sometimes nearly glabrous. — Swau River, Preiss, n. 271 ; Gordon river, Maxwell. — Metrosideros jiropijiqua, Eudl. iu Hueg. luinm. 50 ; Kunzea propinqua, Schau. in Pl. Preiss. i. 126. 5. K. Preissiana, Schau. in Fl. Freiss. i. 125. A rather rigid much- braiiched shrub, from 1 to 3 or 4 ft. high, the young shoots and iutlorescence niore or less villous, the older leaves nearly glabrous. Leaves oblanceolate or linear-oblong, obtuse, rigid, flat, or slightly concave, 2 to 4 lines long. Flower-heads globidar, not very large. l^racts broad, obtuse or shortly acu- minate, not exceeding the calyx-tube ; bracteoles smaller and narrow. Calyx- tiibe softly villous or silky, about l^ lines long ; lobes short, ovate, obtuse or scarcely acute. Petals pink, rather above 1 line diameter. Stamens not very VOL. III. I 114 XLViii. MYKTACE.E, [Kiinzea, mimerous, froni a little lono^er tlian the petals 1o neavly twice as \c>\v^. Ovary sbort, 5-cell('(l, uilli 8 to 12 ovules in two rows in eacli cell, or sonietinies 1 or 2 of llie cells abortive ; stigma small. W. Australia, Diummond, \st ColL, Prelss, n. 276, Ma.rweU, SnnfJford ; Kakan rivcr, Oldjield. TIil' species is, as it were, iiiteruiediate between K. ericifulia and K. re- curva. Var. villicpps. Wholc nlatit villotis, with soft sprcadinp; hairs. yiowers rathor larg:er, the heads denscly villous. — Sandy phiccs, Gordon rivcr, Frciss, n. 275 ; Stirliiig RaiiKP, Oldfeld, also Brumiiiond, Srd Coli. n. 39 or 49. — A'. villiceps, Schau. in Pl.Preiss. i. 125. fi. K. recurva, Schau. in PL Preias. i. 125. A tall shrub with rigid branches, the young shoots slightly pubeseent, otherwise glabrous. Leaves obovate or ahnost spathulate, spreading or recurved, uarrowed at the base, obtuse or with a niinute recurved point, mostly 2 to 3 lines long. Flower- heads dense, globular, the rhachis usually woolly. ]^racts very broad, rigid and dry, with scarious niargins, as long as the calyx, but very deciduous ; bracteoles snialler. Calyx-tube obovoid, about 2 lines long iu the larger forras, glabrous or nearly so ; lobes ovatc, obtuse. Petals above 1 line dia- meter. Stamens numei-ous, in several series, 2 or 3 times as loug as the petals. Ovary 5-celled, with 10 to 15 ovules in 2 rows in cach cell ; stigma scarcely dilated. Fruitiug-calyx enlarged, often urceolate. "W. Australia. Swan River, Drummnnd, \sf Coll. ; Darling Range, Preiss, n. 2'JO ; also Drummoiid, n. 24, aiid ol/i Co/I. v. 136 and. 137. Var. melaleucoides, Y. JMucll. Lcaves sinaller, iicarly orbiciilar, sessile. riowcrs smallcr, deeper coloured. Bracts sinaller.— Tone and Vasse rivers, Oldjield; Bald Island and Cape Riche, Maxwe/l. Var. preeslans. More glabrous. Leavcs narrowcr, but varying from alinost obovate, and. 2 lines longtoliiiear-ciuicate aiid 5 lines long. — K.prtEstans, Schau. iu Pl. Prciss. i. 124. — Drummoiid, \st Co/l. and htli Co//. n. 138. Metrosideros sororia, Endl. in Hueg. Euuin. 40, rcfcrred by Scliaiter to his Me/u/enca Endticheriana {M. seriuta, Lindl., var.), secms, froin tlic ciiaractcr yivcii, to bc ihc saiiic as Kunzea recurva. 7. K. micromera, Schan. in Pl. Fn-iss. n.22S. A rigid shrub, attain- ing 2 to 1 ft., with spreading branches, but often quite low and diffuse, gla- brous, except the intiorescence. Leaves naiTOw-obovate or oblong, thick, very obtuse, 1 to 11 or nearly 2 liues long. Flower-heads nunu'rous, but small and often few-flowercd. Bracts obovate, shorter than the calyx-tidje, scarious, ciliatc villous or nearly glabrous. Calyx-tube scarcely above 1 line long, broadly ovoid or almost globular, softly villous or nearly glabrous ; lobcs ovatc, about as long as the tubc. Petals about 1 line diamcter. Sta- mens not numerous, fi-om rather longer tlian Ihe petals to ncarly twice as long. Ovary 5-celIed, with 8 to 10 ovtdes, in 2 rows, iu each cell ; stigraa small but capitatc. W. Australia, Drummond, ot/i Co/l. n. 135, Preiss (a fragment in Heib. Sonder) ; Kalgan river, Oldjie/d ; Gardiuer ranges, Ma.rwet/. 8. K. pauciflora, Schan. in Pl. Preiss. i. 124. A bushy shrub, of 2 or 3 ft., with numcrous erect branchlets, glabrous or nearly so. Leaves rather crovvdcd, and in some specimens many of them opposite, erect, narrow-Iinear, semiterete, obtuse or scarcely mucromite, 2 to 4 lines long. Flowcrs large for the plant, sessile in the upper axils, somctimes solitary, but usually 2 or 3, rarely up to G together, in a termimd hcad. Eracts broad, scarious, shorter than K/aizea.'] XLviii. myrtace.e. 115 llie calyx-tubc, either witli a sliort or a long lcaf-like poiiit. Calyx-tutTe ovoid, about 3 liiies long, glabrous ; lobes lanceolatc, acute or acuminate, ofteu half as long as tlie tube, Petals deep piuk, fuUy 2 lines long. Staraeus numerous, some scarcely exceediug tlie petals, others twice as long. Ovary 5-celicd, Avith 8 to 10 ovules in 3 rows in each cell ; stigma capitate. Eruit- ing-calyx sliglitly enhirged, urceolate. "W. Australia. Gravelly base of tlie Konkoberup liills towards Cape Riche, Preiss, 71. ^59 ; Dntmmoitd [Uh Coll. ?) n. 56, 5//t Coll. n. Vil ; Ma.vwell ; base of Mount Blaud, I\[a.rwell. Section II. Saltsia. — Ovules very numerous in each cell, covering the surface of a pellate placenta. 9. K, parvifolia, Schau. in Pl. Preiss. i. 124. A shrub, of several ft., with slender divaricate branches and numerous branchlets, softly pubescent \x\\en young. Leaves oblong or almost linear, erect or recurved at the end, concave, obtuse or mucronate, rarely above 1 line long. Flowcrs small, few iu terminal heads, becoming lateral by the elongation of the shoot. Bracts lanceolate, acute. Petals and staraens not seen. Fruiting-calyx nearly glo- buhir, about 1| lines diaraeter, crowned by the short acute teeth. Capsule adnate to about half the calyx-tube, but very convex, so as nearly to fill it, 3-celled, the thick peltate placentas covered with the scars of very numerous ovules. Seeds not seen. KT. S. Wales. Argyle County, Huegel (specimeu not seen), near Berrima, Illawarra, M'Arthi(r. Victoria. Buffalo Range, F. Miieller. 10. K. peduncularis, F. Mnell. in Trans. Fict. lust. 1855, 124, ond in Ilook. Kew Jonrn. viii. 67. A taU shrab or soinetimes a sraall tree, the branchlets virgate, glabrous or very slightly silky when young. Leaveslinear or linear-lanceolate, concave, acute, mostly about \ in., but varying from \ to nearly 1 in. long. Flowers small, shortly pediceUate, in the upper axils, forming either short terminal leafy corynibs, or long iuterrupted leafy racemes. Bracteoles scarious, but falling off frora the very young bud. Calyx glabrous, about l^ lines long; lobes ovate, with scarious margins. Pctals obovate, not exceeding 1 line. Stamens above 30, in a single series, from half as long agaiu to twice as long as the petals. Ovary aboiit half as long as the calyx- tube, 3-celled or very rarely 4-celled, witli niunerous ovules in each cell on a peltate placenta. Fruiting-calyx slightly enlarged. Seeds usually only one perfect in each cell. — BcBclcea pJii/Ucoides, A. Cunn. ; Schau. in Walp. Eep. ii. 931 ; Kunzea leptospernioides, F. Muell. ; Miq. in Ned. Kruidk. Arch. iv. 146. K. S. 'Wales. Bauks of rivers, Argyle County, A. Cunningham. Victoria. Snowy Rivcr and Macalister river, mountainsuear Brighton, F. Mueller. Var. brachyandra, F. Muell. Stamens shorter, but stili exceeding the petaJs. Leaves oblong-linear. Summits of the White Rock Mountains, Mount Aberdeen, and sources of thc Geuoa river, F. Mueller. 11. K. corifolia, Peichb. Consp. 175. A tall shrub, glabrous or the young shoots pnbescent. Leaves iisually crowded on the branchlets or clus- tered in the axils, linear or linear-hinceolate, rigid, concave, obtuse or raucro- nate-acute, :|- to ^ in. long. Flowers white, nearly sessile, solitary in the upper axils of very short leafy branchlets, which are often very numerous 'l 3 116 XLviii. MVRTACE.B. [^Kunzea. afeng tlie maiii branches. Bracts noiie besides the floral leaves. Calyx usuiilly (^hibroiis ; lobes small, ovate or ovate-hiiiceohite. Petals rarely above 1 liiie diaineter. Stainens iiiimerous, in 2 or 3 irregular series, at least iwice as hong as the petais. Ovary 3-celle(l, rarcly 4-celle(], with very mimerous ovides in each cell covering a broad peltate phicenta ; stigma capitate or pel- tate. Friiiting-calyx niore or less enlarged, with erect persistent lobes. — Schau. in Pl. Preiss. i. ] 24 ; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 130 ; AJetrosideros curlfolin,\ mt. Jard. Malra. t. 46 ; 1)C. Prod. iii. 225 ; Leplospermnm ahiljiguum, Sm. in Trans. Linn. Soc. iii. 264, and Exot. Bot. t. 59 ; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1998. N. S. 'Wales. Port Jacksou, R. Brown, Sieher, n. 324. Victoria. .Maritiiae rocks, \Vilsou's Proinontory, Genoa river, F. MueUer ; Glenny isl^inils, \lilhelmi. Tasmania. Islands of Bass's Straits, "R. Brown ; granite rocks, Gun-carriage aud Fliiiders islaiids, Backhouse, Gimn; Schouten Island, Ilerb F. Mneller. In the Port Jackson spceiniens the leaves are luore slender than in the Tasnianian ones, wliich hiive also siightly toiueutose calyxes and eoustitute the K. pelayia, F. Wuell. ; AJiq. iu Ned. Kruidk. Arch.iv. 145. 12. K. capitata, Reichb. Consp. 175. Branches and young shoots niore or lcss vilious w ith loiig soft hairs. Leaves obovate oblong or linear- ciineate, ereet and recurved at the cnd, rigid, coneave, ol)tiise or with short reeiirved points, niostly 2 to 4 lines long, 1- or 3-nerv((]. Flowers in sniall termiiial heads, oflen beeoming lateral by tlie devehipment of the axis, the floral leaves herbaceous, but usually smaller than the otliers, or the inner ones reduced to searious bracts; bracteoles cuiieate, scarioiis, shorter than the calyx-tube. Calyx-tube rather narrow, softly villous, about 2 lines long ; lobes short, hinceolate, acute. Petals searcely exceediiig the calyx-lobes. Stamens 2 or 3 times as long as the petals. Ovary 3- or rarely 4-celled, with very nunierous ovules in each cell, coveiiug a l)road peltate phicenta. Fruiting- calyx lengthened sometimes to 3 lines. Secds ovoid, ineurved ; testa thin ; cotyledons broad and rather thiek, tapering into a very short radiele. — JSIetro- siJeros capilata, Sm. in Trans. Linii. Soc. iii. 273 ; DC. Prod. iii. 225 ; Callistenwn (Callistemma) capitatus, Keiclib. Icou. Exot. i. 59. t. 84 ; Mela- leiica eriocephala, Sieb. in Spreng. Syst. iii. 336; Knnzea Schaueri, Lehm. ; Schau. in Pl. Preiss. i. 124; K. hirsuta, Turcz. in Bull. Mosc. 1862, ii. 326 (IVom tlie eharacter given). N. S. Wales. Port Jackson to the Bhic IMonntains, li. Broicn, Sieber, n. 322, Fl. Mi.r/. n. COy, and othcrs ; northward to llastiiigs river, Fraser, Beckler. Var. '?) plabrescens. Branchcs sleiidcr, divaricate. Leavcs 2 to 3 liues long. Flowers f(-w in the head. Caly.K glahrous or nearly so.— Between Poit Jacksou and Sydney, R. Brown. This variety almost conuects the species with K.parvifolia. 13. K. pomifera, F. Mnell. in Trans. Fict. List. 1855, 124, and iu Hook. Kew Jonrn. viii. 6G. A rigid prostrate shrub, glabrous or the young shoots slightly pubesceiit. Leaves ovate, fioin nearly orbieular and almost cordate, to narrow and acute at the base, rigid, spreadiiig, obtuse or recuiTed-pointed, mostly 2 to 3 lines long, or 4 lines on luxuriant shoots. Flowers white or yeliowish, sessile, not numerous, but forming dense terminal heads, and be- coining lateral by the elongation of the shoot. Bracts very broadiy oibicuhir, pubeswnt, coloured, as long as the calyx-tube, dcciduous. Calvx-tube ovoid, sdky-pubescent, 1 ^ to 2 lines long at the timc of flowering'; lobes sniall Kunzea.'] XLViii. MYUTACEiE, 117 Petals scarcelv 1 line diameter. Stamens nnmerous, 3 or 4 times as long as the petals. Ovarv very short, 3-celle(l, with very nuraerous ovules in eacli ccll, covering a broad peltate placenta. Friiiting-calyx enlarged aud succu- lent, forminp: a blue berry of 3 to 4 liues diameter, crowned by the lobes. ( 'apsule sniall, in the base of the calyx. Seeds ovate ; testa almost crusta- ceous ; cotyledons thick, ovate, with a very short radicle. Victoria. Sandhills, ou Lakes Nepo and llindmarsh, ^Vinimera, DaUachy ; seabeach, Portland I?ay, Allitt. S. Australia. Sandy shore and rocks of St. Vinceufs Gulf and Rivoli Bay, F. Mueller. 14. K. sericea, Turcz. in Bidl. Mosc. 1847, i. 162. A tall shrub with very rigid tortuose or divaricate branches, toraenlose when young. Leaves obovate, crowded ou tlie short brauchlets, veiT obtuse or rainutely mucronate, i to ^ in. long, or on luxuriant branches narrower ahnost spathulate and j in. loiig, very rigid aud silvei'y-white on botli sides even when old. Flowers large, polygamous, on very short pedicels, the perfect ones often (per- haps ahvays) solitary, the males several together in a terrainal cluster or very sliort raceme. Bracts menibranous, broad, concave, very deciduous. Calyx hroadly campanulate, 3 to 4 lines diameter; lobes lanceolate, thick, tomen- tose, shnrter thau the tube. Petals 2 to 2^ lines diameter. Ovary adnate to the base of the calyx, rudimeutary or aborlive iu tlie male flowers, 5- or 6-celled in the perfect ones, with very numerous ovules in each cell on a peltate placenta ; stigma small, slightly capitate. Capsule tilling the slightly enlarged calyx-tube, but uot projecting beyond it. Seeds angular, cuneate ; testa thin ; cotyledons obovate, plano-eonvex. much longer tlian the radicle. — Leptosijermian serlceinn, Lahill. Pl. Nov. Holl. ii. 9. t. 147 ; Sullsia pul- chella, Lindl. Swan Riv. App. 10. ■W. Australia. Lucky Bay, R. Broion ; eastward of King George's Sound, Ba.rter, Druir.mond, oth Coll. Sujjjjt. n. 27 ; Swau River, Fraser, Drummund, \st Cotl. atso 'Hrd Coll. n. 40 {Uh Cotl. r) n. 54. Schauer appears to have ascertained that Lejitospermnm sericeum of Labillardiere was from the " Terre van Leeuwin," not froni Tasmania ; but he refcrs to it specimens of Preiss's wbich evidently beloiig to Lejitosjjennum erubescens. Labiliardiere's own specimeii iu Herb. K. Brown, iii frnit only, and exactly corresponding with the fruiting specimcns (igured, is certainly K. seiicca, but Labillardiere's descriptiou of the tiower reftrs to a true Lejjtosjjermnm , taken, perhaps, from some Tasuianian specinieu of L. lanigerum. 15. K. Baxteri, Schan. in Pl. Preiss. i. 123, A rigid shrub of several fect, minutely silky-pubescent, or the foliage at length glabrous. Leaves crowded, liiu-ar-obiong or lanceolate, flat, obtuse or soraewliat acute, ^ to ^ in. long, u--ually bordered hy short dense silky hairs. Flowers larja, I.indl. in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 277; Belyando river, Mitchell ; Burdekin and Gilbert rivers and along the N.E. Coast, F. Mueller; Cooper's Creek, HowiiVs Ex- pedition. 33. M. radula, Liudl. Swan Riv. App. 8. A tall glabrous shrub with virgate branclies. Leaves opposite, linear, acute, concave or with involute margins, f to \\ or even 3 iu. long, nerveless or obscurely 1-nerved. Flowers piuk or wliite, rather large, closely sessile in pairs at the base or below the ends of leafy branchlets, the pairs distant or rarely forining iiiterrupted spikes. Calyx-tube glabrous, attached by the broad base, 1 to 1|^ lines long aud often broader tlian long ; lobes very short and broad, usnaliy reduced to a narrow scarious rim. Petals 2 to 3 lines diameter. Staminal bundles attaining nearly \ in., the claws usually shorter than the petals, each with very nume- rous (50 to 60 or more) filaments on the inner face as well as on the edges ; anthers small. Oviiles numerous in each cell, covering a peltate placenta ; style rather thick, with a broad peltate stigraa. Fruiting-calyx when perfect globular, smooth, 3 to 4 lines diameter, but often scarcely enlarged althoimh appareutly ripe. Seeds linear-cuneate ; cotyledons seraiterete or slightly folded. — Schau. in PI. Preiss. i. 145. ViT. Australia. Swan Biver, Bnimtnond, \st CoU. ; Canning river, Preiss, n. 306, 307 ; Cbampiou Bay aud Murchisou river, Oldfield. The foliage is that of M.fulgens, but the Howcrs are very diftercut. 34. M. pulchella, R. Br. in Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2. iv. 414. A spread- ing shrub of 2 to 3 ft., usually glabrous. Leaves scattered, oblong or ovate, obtuse, spreading or recurved, rarely exceeding 2 lines, rigid, nerveless or obscurely 1- or 2-nerved. Flowers rather large, solitary or 2 or 3 together below the ends of the branches. Calyx-tube glabrous, adnate by its broad base, especially after flowering, about 1 line long and often broader than loug; lobes scarcely shorter than the tube, ovate-triangular, herbaceous. Petals 2^ lines diameter. Staminal bundles 4 lines to nearly \ in. long but inflexed so as to appear short, the claws exceeding the petals, each with a few filameuts at the end and very numerous shorter oiies on the inner face especially near the base. Ovules exceedingly numerous, covering a peltate placenta ; style clavate at the end but the stigma scarcely dilated. Pruiting-calyx urceolate- globular, 3 lines long or rather more, crowned by the persistent spreading lobes.— DC. Prod. iii. 214 ; M. densa, Colla, Hort. Eipul. App. 3. t. 4 ; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 200; M. serpylUfolia,J)\\.m. Cours. according to DG. W. Australia. Lucky Bay, R. Brown ; King George's Souud, and to the eastward, 143 XLViii. MYRTACE^. [Melaleuca. Drummond, ^th Coll. n. 145 ; gravelly soil in thn interior, Phillip^s river, Ciipe Le Grand and Capc Arid, Maxwell. lu the male flowers the calyx is niuch less aduate at the base than in the pcrfect oncs. 35. M. conferta, Benth. A dcnsely-branched glabrous shrub. Leaves scattcred, crowded, erect, narrow-linear, concave or semiterete,nerveless, obtuse or ahnost acute, about 2 lines long. FlowersTew, rather hirge, sessile belovv the ends of the branches, surrounded bv scarious deci(hious bracts. Calyx urceolate, the tube fully \\ lines loug ; lobes nearly 1 Hne, ovate with sca- rions niargins. Petals reflexed, nearly 2 Hnes long. Staminal bundles about 4 Hncs long-, the claws shorter tlian the petals, each with very numerons lila- mcnts on the inner face as well as at the end and on the edges. Ovules very numerous in each ceH, on a peUate placenta ; style long, with a dilated stigma. Fruitinii-calyx globular, truncate, 3 to 4 Hnes diameter. W. Australia. lu the iuterior, /. S. Roe. Allied to M. pidckella, but with a very different foliage. 36. M. leucadendron, Linn. Mant. 105. A tree often attaining a consi(hM-able size, wilh a thick often spongy bark peeHng off in layers, tlie branches slemUr and often pendulous, but in some situations remaining a sniaH tree or slirub with rigid erect branches. Leaves alternate, often ver- tical, eHiptical or 'lanceolate, straight, oblique or falcate, acuminate, acute or obtuse, wlieu broad very rigid and 2 to 4 in. long, when narrow sometiraes 6 to 8 in. long, narrowed iiito a petiole, 3- to 7-nerved >vith anastomosing veins. Flower-spikcs elongated, more or less iiiterrupted, soHtary or 2 or 3 together, from undcr 2 to above 6 in. long, at tirst terminal but the axis gi-owing out after flowering into a leafy branch, tl;e rhachis and calyxes gla- brous pidiescent tomentose or woolly. Calyx-tube ovoid, usuaHy about \^ Hnes long; lobes short, orbicular, often scarious on the margiu. Petals 1 to l^ lines diarncter. Staminal bun(Hes under ^ in. long, the claws sorae- times exceedingly short, sometiraes excee(Hng the petals, each with 5 to 8 filaraents at the end. Ovules numerous, ascending on an oblong placenta. Fruiting-calyx usually al)out 2 lines diameter, varying from globular to alraost heraispherical. Seeds obovoid or cuneate ; cotyledons obovate, thick, niuch longer tiian the radicle. — F. ]Muell. Fragm. iv. 55 ; M. lencadendron, Linn. ; M. miuor, Sm. ; and M. viridijlora, Gpertn.; DC. Prod. iii. 212, and the sarae nanies with the additiou of M. miitjnn, Blnme, Mus. Bot. i. 66, with the several synonyms cpioted by DC. and Blume ; Metronideros albida, Sieb. Pl. Exs., referred in Spreng. Syst. Cur. Post. 194 to M. coriacea (attri- buted by mistake to Labill. instead of Salisb. Prod. 352). N. Australia. Islauds of the Gulf of Car])entaria, 7?. Brown ; comuion from the Victoria rivcr lo the Gulf of Carpeutaria, F. Mueller, and others. Queensland. On the coast at various points fi'om the Burdekiu to Moreton Bay, Bayikx niiil Snliuider, It. Brown, A. Cunninyham, F. Mueller, and others ; also in the inte- rior, Mitrhi-U. N. S. 'Wales. Port Jackson to the Blue IMountains, U. Broicn, Sieb. n. 319, and others ; Hastings and Clarence rivers, Beck/er. This species, very widcly sprcad and abuudant in the Indian Arehipelago and Malayan Peninsula, vaiics excccdingly iu thc size, shape and texturcof the leaves, iu thc young shoots vcry silky or Ihe spikcs silky-villous or woolly or the wholc qiiite glabrous, iu the short and deuse or long and interruptcd spikes, iu tlie size of the flower, in the greenish-yellow, Melaleiica.'] XLViii. MYKTACE.f;. 143 whitish, pink or purple stamfiis, etc, and at tirst sight it is (1if!ieult to helieve that tliey iill eau he foriiis of one species, hut on cxamiiiation none of these variatioiis are sufKciently coustaat or so coinhineil as to alk)\v of the detinition of distinct races. lu general the nanie of M. lencadendron is siven to the glabrous forms, and M. winor to the silky or villous- flowered ones, hut theinduineutum is here the niost nucertaiu of all characters. M. lancifiilia, Turcz. in Bull. Mosc. 1847, i- 164, aud M. Cuminyiana, Turcz. 1. c. tVom the Philippine Islands, beloug to one of the coniinon Archipelago fornis with rather thiii leaves and sinall flowers, and I cannot tind the anricles of the stauiinal huudles ineutioued as characteriziiig the former. M. Cuniiinghavii, Schau. in Walp. Rcp. ii. 927, is a large silky forin with large broad thick leaves aud large flowers; M. salic/na, Schau. 1. c, from Eudeavour river, is inore glabrons witii long acumiuate leaves aud loug ghibrons interruptcd spikes ; M. n/i- mosoidcs, A. Cuun., Schau. 1. c, is very little dilftg-eiit froui tlie last. Some specimens froin Rockingham Bay, Dallachy, and from Endeavour river, R. Biown, are remarkabie for their dark coloured stameus. Var. ? parvifolia. Leaves mostly ^ to 1 iu. long. Flowers small and only very slightly pentadelphous. — M. lanceolata, R. Br. Herb. ; CaUistemon nervosus, Liudl. in Mitch. Ti-op. Austr. 335 ; Leftospermum speciosum, Schau. in Walp. Rep. ii. 923 (describcd froin Cuniiingham's speciiuens in bud ouly). Behind the Governmcnt House, Syduey, R. Brown ; rocks, Baiii.y Creek, in the intenor of Queensland, Mitchell ; Moretou Bay, A. Canninyliam. This may pcrhaps prove to be a distinct species, but I cau tind no character to distinguish it from tlie small-leaved specimens ot M. leucadendron. M. Sieberi, Schau. in Walp. Rep. ii. 928, from the character given, is most probably to be iucluded ainoug the forms of M. leucadendron. 37. M, lasiandra, F. Muell. Fragm. iii. 115. A small tree, the young foliage silverv-silky, becoming glabrous aiid glaueous witli age. Leaves alter- nate, ofteu vertical, from elliptical-lanceolate to ahnost Unear, acute or acunii- nate, narrowed at the base, rigid, thick, 1 to 2 in. long, obscurely 3- or 5- nerved. Flowers small, more or less distant, forming irregularly interrupfed cylindrical spikes, at first terniinal, but the axis soon growing out into a leafy slioot, the riiachis aud calyxes softly pubescent or villous. Calyx-tui)e ovoid, about 1 line long ; lobes ovate, about half as long as the tube. Petals not much longer than the calyx-lobes, often pubescent. Stauiinal buridles about % lines loug, the claws short, more or lei=s pubescent outside, irregularly divided, each into 13 to 20 filaments, of which some are often free alinost to llie base; anthers small. Ovules exceedingly numerous, covering a peltate piacenta ; style pubebcent at the base ; stigma small. Fruitiug-calyx not niuch enlarged, crowned by the persistent lobes. Seeds not winged. W. Australia. Arid country, on the Upper Victoria and Fitzmaurice rivers, F. Mueller. 38. M, genistifolia, Sm. in Trans. Linn. Soc. iii. 277, and Exot. Bot. t. 55. A tall shrub or a tree, attaining 30 to 40 ft. or even more, glabrous or more or less pubescent or hirsute. Leaves scattered, lanceolate or linear- lanceolate, rigid, acute and often pungent-pointcd, tlat, usually about \ in., but in sorae specimens longor, in others much shoiter, finely striate, with 7 or more nerves, conspicuous on the floral leaves, alrnost evanescent on others. Flowers in loose oblong or cylindrical spikes, sometimes terminal, but the axis often growiug out before the fiowers expand, often much interrupted, and mauy of the bracts developcd into leaves like the stem ones or shorter and broader, i'arely all small scale-like and deciduous, the rhachis and calyxcs glabrous pubescent o^ hirsute. Calyx-tube ovoid, above 1 line long; lohes triangular, souietimes acute, almost as in M. styphdiuides, sometimes more ob- 1 \-i XLviii. MYRTACE^. [Melaleuca. tiise as in J/. Preisslana. Petals very deciduous. Staminal bundles about 3 lines long, the claHs usually shorter but sometimes longer than the petals, each ^vith numerous filaments. Ovules numerous, closely packcd on a small bifid placenta. Frniting-calyx not much enlarged, nearly globuhir, crowned by the persistent lobts. — DC. Prod. iii. 212; M. lanceolata, Otto, from the diagnoses in DC. Prod. iii. 212 ; M. bradeata, F. Muell. Fragra. i. 15 ; Me- trosideros dccora, Salisb. Prod. 352. N. Australia. Sturfs Creek, Van Alphen and Upper Gilbert rivers, F. Miteller, also M'I)oHall Sluarfs Hrjtedition. Queensland. Brisbane river, Fraser, A. Cunningham, aud others ; Piue river aud Jlount Elliott, Fitzala». ; ilarlborouph, Bowman. N. S. "Wales. Port Jackson, ^«r/o» ; ParAmatta, R. Broicn, TTootls ; New England, C. Stitart ; Cox's river, Fraser. 39. M. stjrphelioides, Sm. in Trans. Linn. Soc. iii. 275. A tall tree, attaining somttiuies 80 tt., theyoung shoots and inflorescence silky-pubescent or villous, otherwise glabrous. Leaves alternate, pvate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminale, pungeut-pointed, mostly about \ in. long, rigid, fiuely striate, with many nerves. Fiowers in rather dense oblong or cylindrical spikes, the axis growing out before the ilowering is over, the fioral leaves either like the stem ones and persistent or reduced to deciduous bracts. Calyx-tube ovoid, above 1 line long ; lobes hmceolate, acuminate, rigid, acute or pungent, as long as or longer than the tube. Petals as long as the calyx lobes, but verj'' deciduous. Staminal bundles about 3 lines long, the ckws not rauch longer than the calyx-Iobe, each with several filaraents shortly pinnate along the upper portion. Ovules very numerons, closely packed on a small placenta. Fruit- ing spikes often leafy, the calyxes crowned by the rigid erect lobes. — CoUa, Hort. Eipul. App. t! 6. N. S. TVales. Port Jarkson to the Bhie Mountains, R. Brown, Fraser, Woolls, Miss Athinson ; Hastings, Clarenee, and Richmond rivers, Beckler, C. Moore. 40. M. Huegelii, Endl. in Hueg. Enum. 48. An erect shrub, of 4 to 6 ft., with virgate or spreading l)ranches, usually glabrous, except the inflo- rescence. Leaves alternate, spiral, sessile, attached by the broad concave base, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acutely acuminate, 1 to 3 lines long, more or less prominently 3- or 5-nerved. Flowers iu rather deuse, but slender cylin- drical spikes, of 1 to 3 in., the axis gi'owing out before the flowering is over, the rhacliis tomentose. Calyx-tube broad, scarcely 1 line long; lobes short, broad, obscurely striate. Petals ahnost scaiio is, about 1 line diameter. Sta- minal bundk;s about 4 lines long, the claws exceeding the petals, irregularly divided at the end, each into 7 to 11 filaments. Ovules not very numerous in each cell, erect, on a sliort placenta ; stigma small. Fruiting spikes cylin- drical, not very dense, the calyxes about 2 liues diameter, globular, crowned by the persistent lobes. — Schau. in Pl. Preiss. i. 144. W. Australia. Sauds, Swan River, Hiiegel, Fraser, Brummond {ZrdColl. ?), n. 43 ; Freiss, n. 293, Oldfield. 41. M. dissitiflora, F. Muell. Iragm. iii. 153. Very closely allied to M. Unophglla, and probably a variety, and cliiefly distinguished by the flowers twice as large. Yoiuig shoots silky-pubescent. Leaves alternate, linear- lanceolate, acutely acuminate. narrowed at the base, 1 to l^ in. long, flat. Melalenca.'] XLViii. myrtace^. 1^5 riijit], obscurely 3-nerve(l or nerveless. Flowers distnut at the base of leafy brauclies. Calyx glabrous, closely sessile, alraost urceolate, the tube about 1 liue ; lobes not half so loug. Petals about f line. Staminal buudles 3 lines long or rather more, the chiws ofteu exceeding the petals, each witli 15 to 20 filaments, more or less pinuately arranged aiong tlie upper half. Ovules rather nunierous, on a peltate placeuta ; style rather thick, with a broad stigma. N. Australia. Between tlic Boiiney and Mouut Morphett, iirBouaH Stuarfs E.rpe- dition. (A single specimen in Herb. F. Mueller.) 42. M. linophylla, F. Muell. Fragm. iii. 115. Glabrous, except the infloresceuce. Leaves alteruate, liuear-lauceolate, acutely acuminate, nar- rowed at the base, f to \\ in. long, flat, rigid, obscurely 3-uerved. Plowers very small, ofteu distant, formiug loosely cylindrical spikes at the base of the leafy branchlets. Calyx-tube glabrous or pubescent, searcely \ liue loug ; lobes broad, obtuse. Petals very small. Starainal bundles about \\ lines long, the claws exceediug the petals, with several filaments more or less piu- nntely aiTauged on the upper half. OTOles uumerous ? but not seeu perfect ; style short, with a peltate stigma. Fruitiug-calyx not above 1 liue dia- meter. "N.W. Australia, F. Gregorij. (A single specimen in Ilerh. F. Mueller.) 43. M. Preissiana, 8cliau. in Fl. Preiss.i. 143. A tall shrub or tree, the young shoots and often the infloresceuce more or less pubescent or hirsute, becoming ghibrous with age. Leaves scattered, rather crowded, erect, spread- ing or recurved, Linceolate or oblong-linear, acute or obtuse, flat thick aud rigid, obscurely 1- or 3-nerved, rarely exceediug \ in. iu length. Flowers not large, white or yellowish, in loose obloug or cylindrical spikes, 1 to 2 in. long, rarely terminal, the axis growiug out very early into a leafy shoot, and sometimes much interrupted, many of the bracts theu leafy like the stem- leaves ; rhachis and calyxes glabrous or tomeutose. Calyx-tube ovoid, thick, aljove 1 line long ; lobes much shorter, ovate, often persisteut. Petals about 1 liue diameter or smaller. Staminal bundles 3 to nearly 4 lines long, the claws rather exceeding the petals, eaeh with 10 to 13 or more fihxments ou the upper portiou. Ovules very numerous, covering a broad peltate pLiceuta. — M. pubesce7is, Schau. in Walp. Rep. ii. 928 ; M. ciirvifoUa, Schlecht. Liunaea, xx. 654. Victoria. Port Phillip, R. Brown, Ounn ; Bacchus Marsh, F. MueVer ; on the jNIurray, Jjallachi/. S. Australia. Port Lincoln, R. Brown ; Light River, Behr ; St. Vincenfs Gulf, F. Mueller; Kangaroo Islaiid, Waterhouse, F. Mueller. W. Australia. Goose Island Bay, R. Brown ; King George's Sound to Cape Riche, and to Swan River, CoUie, Brummond, \st Coll. ; Preiss, n. 265 ; Harvei/, Mitne. Yar. leiostachya. Inflorescence quite glabrous. Leaves ofteu smaller, narrower and more recurved. Ovules fewer. — M. farvifiora, Lindl. Swan Riv. App. 8; King George's Sound and to the eastward, Harveij, Oldfield, Maxwell ; Isle Boniche, Fraser ; Murchison river, Brummond, &th Coll. n. 74 ; Dirk Hartog'9 Islaud, Milne. 44. M. crassifolia, BentJi. Quite ghabrous, witli virgate branches. Leaves scattered, not crowded, erect or spreading, often incurved, otherwise flat, oblong or oblong-liuear, obtuse, narrowed at the base, thick, uerveless or obscurely 1- or 3-nerved, mostly about ^ in., but iu some specimens nearly f , VOL. III. ^ 146 XLviii. MYiiTACE.E. [Melaleuca. aucl i\\ otlicrs j to \ iii. long. Flowc^-s Cpalo it(1 or wliite?) iu interrupted leafy spikes, forniing tlie bnse of Interal shoots, the rhachis and calyxes quite ghibrous. Calyx-tube attached by the broad base, thick, rather above 1 line long ; lobes very short and broad. Petals 1 line diaraeter or rather more. Staniinnl bundles about 3 lines long, the chiws as long as the petals, each bearing towards the end 11 to 15 tilanients. Ovules numerous, on a peltate placenta ; style thick, with a truucate stignia. Fruiting-spikes more or less interrupted, the calyxes 1'uliy 2 lines diameter, ofttn slightiy immersed in the rhacliis. W. Australia, Drummond, ath Coll. n. ]42, lul, auJ a forui with siiialler narrower luavcs, and snialler fliiwers, 5//« Coll. n. 141, 153. 4.5. M. armillaris, Sm. hi Trans. Llnn. Suc. iii. 277. A tall glabrous shrub or soraetimes a small tree, of 20 to 30 ft. Leaves scattered, crowded, narrow-lincar, acute and ofteu recnrved at the end, mostly ^ in. long or rather more. Flowers almost immersed in tberliachis of dense or interrnjjted cylin- (hical spikes, forming the base of the previous year's or of young lateral shoots. Calyx-tube about 1 liiie long ; lobes shorter, ahnost acute. Petals above 1 Hne long. Staminal bundles 3 to 4 Hnes long or rather more, eacli with numerous tilaraents pinnately arrauged aloug the uiipcr half. Ovules very nnmerous in each cell, covering a peltate placenta ; stigma broad. — DC. Prod. iii. 213; 31. erica>fulla, Andr. Eot. Kep. t. 175 ; Yent. Jard. Malra. t. 76 ; Wendl. Coll. i. t. 29, not of Sm. ; Mdruaiderus arinillaris, Gartn. Fruct. i. 171. t. 34; Cav. Ic. t. 335. KT. S. ^^ales. Poi t Jackson, R. Broum, R. Cniniinyham, and othcrs ; northward to Ricluiioiul river, C. Moore ; soiithward to Twotbld Bay, A. Cinininyham, and Towamba river, V. Mueller. Victoria. Conunon ou river-banks at the south-eastern e.xtreiiiity of the colony, F. Miieller. S. Australia. Kangaroo Island, R. Brmvn. Var. (?) tenuifoUa. Leaves semitcrete, very narrow, under \ in. long. Flowers smaller. — M. cylindrica, R. Br. Herb. — Dunk river, R. Browu, perhajJS a distinct spccies. 46. M. hamulosa, Tnrcz. in Bull. Musc. 1847, i. 165. A glabrous shrub, with the virgate branches and foliage of M. viminea, from which it chiefly ditfcrsinthe elongated inflorescence. Leaves scattered, rather crowded, erect, shghtly spreading or recurved at the eud, hnear, with usually a fine re- curved point or at length obtuse, i to ^ in. long. Flowers vvhite, in rather dense cylindrical spikes, of 1 to 2 in., on short lateral peduncles, the axis however oftcn growing out into a leafy shoot before the flowering is over. Calyx-tube attached by a rather broad base, about 1 line diaraeter ; lobes short. Petals 1 liue long. Staminal buudles about 3 hnes long hi the per- fect flowers or 4 lines in the nuiles, the chuvs exceeding the petals, each with 12 to 15 or more filaraents at tlie end. Ovules nnmerous, on a peltate often bifid placenia. Fruiting-spikes more or less interrupted; calyxes about \\ hnes diameter. W. Australia, .D;wOTWow^/, 'ird Coll. n. 44, 5///. CoU. n. 149 ; Phillips Knngc, Max- wfill. Notwilhstaiidiiig thc intiorcsceuee, which iii an artiticial arrangement rcniovcs this to a distancc fioiu M. viiaiiiea, it may possibly prove to be a variety only of that species. 47. M. brachystachya, F. Muell. Fragm. iii. 119. A spreading Melaleuca.] XLViil. MYRTACEiE. l-t? busliy shrub, of 4 or 5 ft., glabrous or tlie youiig slioots and iuflorescence silky-pubescent. Leaves scattered, linear, flat or semiterete, rigid, acute, ob- scurely 1-nerved, moslly i to f in. long. Flowcrs pink, in oblong or cylin- drical, ratlier dense or iuterrupted spikes, the axis growing out before the flowers expaud, the rhachis and calyxes usually pubesccnt. Calyx-tube at- tachedby the broad base, about 1 line long ; lobes much shorter, acute or ob- tuse. Petals above 1 line diameter. Stamiual bundles fully 4 lines long, the claws rather narrow, usually exceeding the petals, with 11 to 15 or even raore filaments at the eud. Ovules rather numerous, on a peltate placenta. W. Avistralia., Drummond, ^th CoU. n. 150; Gcardiner river aud Middle Mouut Barren, Maxwell. 48. M. glaberrima, T. MneU. Fragm. iii. 119. Apparently diffuse, the specimen quite ghabrous. Leaves scattered, rather crowded, linear, semi- terete, obtuse or with a short straight point, mostly 2 to 3 liues loug. riowers pink, in ratlier deuse obloug or cyHndrical spikes, forniiug the base of lateral branches, the rhachis and calyxes ghabrous. Calyx-tube attaclied by the broad base, f line loug, thick, with short obtuse lobes. Petals fuUy 1 liue long, Staminal bundles about 3 lines long, the claws about as long as the petals, with 7 to 11 filaraents at the end. Ovules rather numerous, on a peltate placenta ; stigraa small. Fruits rather dense, about 2 lines diameter. ■W. Australia. Middle Mount Barren, MaxweU. Described froni a single small specimeu in Herb. F. Mueller. It is evidently uearlj^ allied to M. brachystachja, and very likely a more glabrous small-leaved variety. 49. M, rhaphiophylla, Schau. iu Pl. Preiss. i. 143. A tall shrub or tree, attaining somethues 40 to 50 ft., glabrous, except sometimes the inflo- rescence, the bark deciduoiis in paper-Iike sheets. Leaves alteruate, narrow- liuear, terete or slightly flattened, mostly acute and f to 1 in., rarely only \ in. and occasionally l^ in. long. Plowers yellowish-white, iu oblong or cylin- (Irical, soraewhat intermpted spikes, either terminal or the axis grown out before the flowers expand, the rhachis and calyxes glabrons or slightlypubes- cent. Calyx-tube closely sessile, with a broad base, 1 to H li^es long and almost as broad ; lobes vevy short, broad and scarcely scarious. Petals 1 to l^lines diaraeter. Staminal bundles 4 to 5 lines long, the claws usually ex- ceeding the petals, each with about 15 to 20 filaraents at the end or on the inner face above the middle. Ovules exceedingly numerous on a peltate pla- centa. Fruiting-calyxes sraooth, nearly globular, 2 to 3 lines diameter, broadly sessile on the soraewhat thickened rhachis. W. Australia, Z)m«»zo»r/, ^th CoU. n. 143 and 150; Cape Naturaliste, CoUie ; Swan River, Preiss, n. 264 (also 267, according to Schauer, but that n. in Herb. Sonder, is M. trichoiihytla) ; Murchison, Blackwood, Tweed and Fitzgerald rivers, Oldjield ; S. Ilutt river, Gregory ; Gardiner river, Maxwell ; and a shorter-leaved form, Fitzgerald and Phillips rivers, Maxwell. Series VL Capitat.i;. — Leaves alternate or opposite. Plowers, at least the males, in terrainal heads, the perfect ones occasionally in oblong or cylin- drical dense spikes, the axis not growing out until after the flowering is over, the rhachis usually woolly-hirsute. Fruiting spikes very dense, globular or oblong, rarely reduced to 2 or 3 fruits. L ii 143 XLViii. MYRTACE.E. [Mclaleuca. 50. M. cymbifolia, Bmfh. Murh branrlied and quite glabrous. Leaves opposite, rather crowded, oblong-linear, very ohtuse, thiclc, coucaveor flat above, verv convex unth^riieath, aliout 2 or rarely 3 lines lon?, usually smooth, shiniiig, and nerveless. Flowers few (white ?), in siuall terminal heads, surroiuided by decussate inibricate bracts, falling off during flowering. Calyx-tube ghabrous, more or less 5-angled, about f line long. Staninial bundles not 2 lines long, the claws sliorter than the petals, each with 11 to 15 filaments. Ovules rather nuraerous in each cell, on an oblong peltate pla- centa. Fruiting-calyxes few together, truncate, 2 lines diameter or rather more. W. Australia, Bnunmond, Zrd CoU. n. 51, oth Coll. ». 155. 51. M. cuticularis, Labill. Pl. Nov. Holl. ii. 30. ^. 171. A tall shrub or tree, quite ghibrous, with rigid tortuous branches, the bark deciduous in paper-like layers. Leaves opposite, linear oblong or narrow-lanceolate, ob- tuse, thick, ilat or concave above, convex underneath, | to nearly \ in. long. Vlowers solitary or 3 or 3 together at the ends of the branches, snrrounded by scale-like decussately imbricate bracts. (Jalyx-tube glabrous, campanu- late, about \\ lines long ; lobes nearly as long, erect, lanceolate or trinngidar. Petals concave, reflexed. Staminal bundles4 to 5 lines loug, the claws about as long as the calyx-lobes, with a dense tuft of above 20 fihiments at tlie eud ; anthers rather small. Ovules nunierous in each ccll, on a peltate placenta. Frniting-calyx thick, eampanulate, about 3 lines diameter, with thick more or less persistent lobes. — TiV . Prod. iii. ^IJ-; Schau. in PI. Preiss. i. 145 ; M. abietuia, Sm. in Rees Cycl. xxiii. ; DC. Prod. iii. 214. ^V. Australia. Kiiig George's Sound and Swan Uiver, Menzies, Brummond, \st Coll. aiid ^th Cull. n. 155 ; Freiss, n. 303 and 304, and others. 52. M. sparsiflora Tnrcz. in Bnll. Mosc. 1847, i. 107. A bushy shrub, the young shoots and inflorescence raore or less pubescent. Leaves opposite, decussate on the smaller brancidets, oblong, very obtuse, thick, flat or concave above, very couvex and nerveless underneath, 1| to 3 lines long. Flowers solitary or 2 or 3 together at the ends of the branches, surrounded by iiumerous decussately irabricate bracts, pubescent or toraentose as well as the calyxes. Calyx-tube ovoid, about 1 line long ; lobes scarcely shorter. Petals above 1 line long. Starainal bundles fully 3 lines long, the claws narrow, as long as tlie petals, with 15 or more filaments at tlie end. Ovules numerous in each cell, on a peltate bifid placeuta. Fruiting-calyx usually solitary, urceolate, above 2 lines diameter. W. Australia, Drummond, Zrd Coll. n. 50 and 68. 53. M. calycina, R. Br. in Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2. iv. 416. A tall rigid shrub, glabrous or the young shoots slightly pubescent. Leaves opposite, cordate-ovate or ovate-Ianceolate, acute, flat or concave, rigid, 3- or 5-nerved in cultivated specimens, thicker and almost nerveless in the wild ones, rarely exceeding ^ in. Flowers 2 or few together, in terminal heads or clusters, surrounded by ratlicr numerous decussately imbricate bracts, the axis growing out soon after flowering. Calyx-tube glabrous, turbinate, about l^ lines loug ; lobes herbaceous, acute, fidly 2 lines long in cultivated specimens, smaller in the wild oues. Petals almost boat-shaped, scarcely exceeding the calyx-iobes. Melaleuca.] XLViii. MYiiXACEiE. 149 Staniinal bundles 4 to 5 liues long, the claws scarcely exceeding tlie petals, with 20 or more iilaments at the end. Ovary exceptionally glabrous on the top ; ovules numerous in each cell, on apeltate bifid placenta. — DC. Prod. iii. 215. W. Australia. Lucky Bay, R. Broivn ; also Drummond, ^th Coll. n. 165. 54. IVI. cordata, Benth. Rigid and glabrous, except the infloresccnce. Leaves nuraerous, alternate, very spreading, ovate or orbicular, cordate or almost stem-clasping, acute or obtuse, rigid, raore or less distinctly 3- or 5- nerved, i to j in. long. Flowers red, rather small, in dense, terminal, glo- gular heads, the axis not growing out till after flowering, the rhachis and calyxes densely tomentose-villous. Bracts deciduous. Calyx-tube ovoid, about l line long ; lobes very short and broad or scarcely prominent. Petals aboiit 1 liue diameter, usually with a deep-coloured centre. Staminal bundles 4 to 5 lines long, the claws usually exceeding the petals, with 7 to 11 fila- ments at the end. Ovules not very nuraerous, erect, on a bifid placenta ; stigma small. Pruiting-calyx smooth, nearly 2 lines diameter. ■W. Australia, Dmmmovd, hth Coll. n. 156, and SiippJ. ^th Coll. n. 31. There are two fornis, one witli the leaves 3 to 4 lines diameter, and obscurely nerved, the other with the lcaves uearly tvvice as large aud distiuctly 5-nerved, but they do not otherwise ditFer. 55. M. globifera, R. Br. in Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2. iv. 411. A tall shrub or tree, attainiug 30 ft., glabrous, or the youug shoots and infloresceuce slightly silky-hairy, the bark deciduous in paper-Iike layers. Leaves alter- nate, from almost obovate to navrow-oblong, flat, obtuse or mucronulate, narrowed at the base, distinclly 5- or rarely 7-nerved, raostly l^ to 2^2 in. long. Fiowers in dense globular terminal sessile Iieads, of f in. or more diameter. Bracts broad, scale^^ike, imbrieate, exceediug tlie calyx, but very de- ciduotis. Calyx-tube nearly globular, nearly l^ liues diameter ; lobes very short aud broad, obtuse, more or less petal-like. Petals about 1 line diameter. Staminal bundles 4 to 5 liues long, the claws often louger than tlie petals, aud more or less confluent at tlie base, very irregularly di\-ided each into 5 to 9 filaments, some of them almost free. Ovules not numerous, erect, on a short placenta. Fruiting calyxes luore or less concrete, forming dense glo- bidar masses often 1 in. diameter. — DC. Prod. iii. 212. W. Australia. King George's Sound or to the eastward, Ba.rter ; Cape Arid and Middle Isiand, Maxwell. 56. M. megacephala, T. Mnell. Fratjm. iii. 117. A very bushy, rigid shrub, attaiuing 8 to 10 ft., the young shoots more or less villous with loose spreadiug hairs, or rarely glabrous from the first. Leaves alternate, from broadly obovate-orbicular and under \ in. to obovate-oblong and nearly 1 in. long, vei*y obtuse or scarcely mucvonate, narrowed at the base, coriaceous, prominently 3- or 5-nerved. Flowers ytllowish-white, in deuse terminal globular heads, the axis not growing out until after flowering, the rhachis usuallv tomentose. Bracts lavge, broad, scale-Iike, imbricate on the young head, but soon falling off^. Calyx-tube glabrous and membranous, or tomen- tose and raore rigid, about l^ liues long ; lobes very thin and scarious, more or less ciliate, persistent. Petals scarious, H to 2 lines diameter. _ Starainal bundles 5 to 6 liues long, the claws petal-like, rather broad, each witJi 10 to 150 XLVIU. MYRTACEiE. [^Meluleuctt. 20 filaments at the end. Fruiting-calyx often 3 lines diameter, globular, villous ; tlie capsule separal)le into 3 cocci. Seeds short, thick, cuneate ; cotvledons verv broad, folded over each other. W. Australia. Chainpion Bay and Murchison rivcr, Oldfield, ffalcoH, Drtmmond, &th Coll.ii. 7~: Sharks' Bay, Maiiin. 57. M. nesophila, F. Muell. Fragm. iii. 113. A shrub of 6 to 8 ft., glabrous, or the young shoots very slightly sillcy. Leaves alternate, obovate- oblong, obtuse or rarely mucronate, tliickly coriaceous, tlat and often vertical, obscurcly 3-nerved, | to nearly 1 in. long. Flowers pink, in dense terminal heads, tlie rliachis and calyxes glabrous or slightly villous. Bracts short. Calyx-tul)e villous, broad, above 1 line long; lobes short, broad, scarious. Petals scarious, scarcely 1 line diameter. §taminal bundles about 4 lines long, the claws broad, not much exceeding the petals, and sometimes very short, with 10 to 15 tilaments at the end. Ovules not very numerous, erect 0!i a small placenta ; stisjma small. Fniiting spikes very dense, the calyxes truncate, often 3 lines diameter. W. Australia. Doubtful Island, Oldfiehl ; also Drnmmond, 5/7« CoU. n. 157 (with rallior snialler ihnvers and fruits), ZrdColl. n. 54 (with rather longer aad more acute lcaves, aud the rhachis and calyxes more viUous). 58. M. Oldfieldii, F. Mnell. Fragm. iii. 118. A shrub of 3 or 4 ft., with slendcr branches, glahrous except the inflorescence. Leaves alternate, oblong-lanceolate, with a tine almost pungent point, uarrowed into a rather long petiole, rigid, obscurely 3- or 5-nerved, ^ to 1 in. long. Flowers not seen. Fruiting-heads dense, globular, |- to l- in. diameter, the rhachis and calyx-tubes tomcntose, and at length more or less concrete, the lobes scarious, and at leiigth wearing away. Seeds not numerous in each cell, erect on a small placenta, but not seen perfect. ■W^. Australia. Mui-chison river, Oldfield. 59. M. uncinata, R. Br. in Ait. Bort. Kew. ed. 2. iv. 414. A tall shrub, tlic young shoots more or less silky pubescent. Leaves alternate, liiiear-subulate, terete or rarely slightly compressed, smooth, sulcate or almost augular, 1 to 2 in. long, with a tiue recurved poirit, or rarely obtuse. Flowers sraall, numcrous, in very dense terminal ovoid-oblong or almost globular heads, the axis often gTowing out before the flowering is over ; the rhachis and calyxes woolly, hirsute, or rarely quite glabrous. Calyx-tube not 1 line long; lobes exceedingly suiall and short. Staminal buudles about 2 lines long, the claws about as loug as the petals, each with 5 to 7 filaments, Fruiting-spikes very dense and compact, rarely above \ in. long ; the calyxes turbinate, truncate, about H lincs long. — DC. Prod. iii. 213; Schau. in PL Preiss. i. 138 ; M. hamata, Ficld. and Gardu. Sert. Pl. t. 74 ; M. Druimnohdii, Schau. iu Pl. Preiss. i. 138 (rather shorter-Ieaved specimens) ; J/. semiteres, Schau. 1. c. 143 (leaves longcr, not hooked). W. S. TVales. Barren branches, Lachlan river, Fraser. Victoria. Wimmcra, DaJlachy ; N.W. part of thc colony, L. Morton. S. Australia. l'ort Lincoln, R. Brown ; Boston Point and Lake Victoria, F. Miiellcr ; Kanu^aroo Tshind, F. MueUer, Wati^rhouse. "W. Australia. From the south coast to Vasse, Swan, and Murchison rivers, Drum- mond, li/ Cull. 11. U-i and IIG, S/t/ Coll. n. 43 ; Freiss, n. 270, 278 ; Baxter ; Oldfield. Melaleiica.] XLViii. mitrtace^e. 151 60. M. concreta^ F. Maell. Fra(ji)i. iii. 118. Aii crect shrub of several ft., with rather slender branches, the young shoots silky-silvery, otherwise ghibrous. Leaves alternate, linear or lanceolate, obtuse or acute, flat but thick, aud sonietimes very narrow, 1-nerved, mostly 2 to 3 in. long. Flowers yellowish-white, in glubuhir tcrminal and axillary heai!s, tlie axis not grovving out until after fiowering, the rhachis usually tomentose. Calyx-tubc broad, ofteu hirsute at the base, not f line loug ; lobes exceedingly short and broad. Petals 4- line diameter. Stamiual bundles nearly 3 liues hing, the olaws scarcely exceeding the petals, each with about 7 fllaments at the eud. Stigraa small. Frniting-spikes ovoid, very compact, about | in. long ; the catyxes about \\ lines long, very closely packed and anguhar, but not really connate, truucate at the top. Seeds narrow-cuneate ; cotyledons not folded. "Vtr. Australia. Miirchisou rivcr, Oldfeld. Var. hrcvifoHa. I.eaves more acute, 1 to Ij in. lon,^. — Murchison river, Oldjield. — Ouly seen in frnit, and therefore donbtful. 61. M. filifolia, F. Maell. Fragm. iii. 119. Erect, attaining several ft., ghibrous except the inflorescence. Leaves alternate, linear-subulate, terete, obtuse or acute, rigid but not pungent, | to l^ in. long in some specimens, 1 to 2 in. or even more iu others. Flowers (yellow or white ?) in ovoid-oblong or abnost globular terminal spikes, the axis growing out into a leafy branch after flowering ; tlie rliachis and calyxes more or less tomeutose or wooUy. Calyx-tube scarcely 1 line diameter ; lobes orbicular, scarious. Petals small. Staminal bundles about 3 lines long, the claws short, each with 7 to 9 filanients at the end. Ovules few, erect, on a short oblong pla- centa. Fruiting-calyxes about 2 lines diameter, either closely packed and more or less concrete in ovoid or globular spikes, or looser by abortion and quile free. Vl^. Australia. Arid rocky places, Murchison river, Oldfield. M. neinatophylla, F. Muell. Fragm. iii. 119, with longer leaves, does not appear to rae to be otherwise distingnishable from M.filfolia. None of the spccimens of either species have good flowers, and the colour of those of M. nematophi/lla appears to me to be rather whitish-yellow than purple. 63. M. hakeoides, F. Mnell. Herb. A tall shrub, the young shoots softly silky-pubescent and somewhat silvery, the ohler foliage glabrous. Leaves alternate, linear-subulate, terete or sbghtly corapressed, usually sul- cate, obtuse or acute, 1 to 2 in. long, the point straiglit. Flowers small, in dense globular or rarely ovoid terminal heads, the rhachis and calyxes usually villous. Calyx-tube about \ line loug ; lobes very sraaU. Petals scarcely 1 line diameter! Stnmiual buudles not 2 lines long, the chaws short, each with 3 to 7 filaments. Ovules few in each cell, erect ; stigraa sHghtly dihated. Fruiting-spikes very dense, globuhar or ovoid, the calyxes truncate, about 1 line diameter. N. S. Wales. IMonnt Goningberi, near Cooper's Creek, Fictorian Exfedition. 63 ?. M. glomerata, F. Muell. Rep. Babb. Exped. 8. Softly pubescent or ghibrous with age. Leaves alternate, linear, thick, but more or less flattened, narrowed at the base, nerveless or obsciu-ely 1- or 3-nerved, obtuse or acute, 1 to 2 in. long. Flowers unknown. Fruiting-heads smaU, dense, globidar; calyxes nearlv globuhir, truiicate, 1 to l^ lines diameter. 152 XLViii. MYKiACEJJ. [Meluleuca. N. Australia. Upper Victoiia viver, F. Mueller. S. Australia. N.W. interior, M-DoiiaU Stiiarfs Expedilion. W. Australia. Murchisoa river, Oldfield. The specimeus being in friiit only, the species is doubtful, and may possibly include M. hakeoides. 64. M. pentagona, Labill. Pl. Nov. HoJl. ii. 27. ^. 106. A taU slirub with virgate braiiches, the youiig shoots often silky-dovvny, otherwise ghibrous except the inflorescence. Leaves alternate, lanceohitc or linear, mucronate or pungent, flat, but thick and rigid, obscurely veined, mostly \ to f in. long. Fiowers small, pink or purple, in very dense globular heads, terminal axillary or lateral, the axis not growing out till after flowering, the rliachis tonientose or woolly. Calyx-tube campanulate or turbinate, about \ line long; lobes exceedingly short and broad, scarious and often confiuent. l'etals under 1 line diameter. Stamens not above 2 lines long, shortly united in bundles of 3 to 7. 0\ides not numerous, erect from a small placeuta. Fruiting-calyxes about 2 lines diameter, often few only in an ovoid head, when more numerous the head verv compact and globular. — 1)C. Prod. iii. 2],3; iSchau. in PI. Preiss. i. 136. W. Australia, Labillardiere ; Bnunmoud, ^th Coll. n. 152; sandy soil near salt higroons, Esperance Bay, Maxwell. A'ar. siibidifolia., Schau. Leaves linear-subnlate, terete, rigid, spreadiug, furrowed under- neath. — King George's Sound, i?. Brown : A. Cunnhigham ; Freiss, n. B02 ; Brummond, Srd CoU. n. 52. — This form seems almost to pass iuto M. nodosa. Var. (?) /atifolia. I.eaves obloug-cuneate, rigid, obtuse or mucronate, Driimmond, Zrd Coll. n. 57 ; granite hills, Cape Paisley, Maxwell. Possibly a distinct species, but our spe- cimens of the dilFerent forms of iV. ^jfwA/^owi? are not sufficiently good to judge of their limits. The spccies sometimes approaches M. siriata in foliage, but is readily distiuguished by the small globular flower-heads. 65. M. ciliosa, Tnrcz. iu Bull. Mosc. 1862, ii. 326. Branches rigid, pubescent. Leaves scattered, obovate ovate-orbicular or vei\y broadly ol)- long, obtuse, 2 to 3 lines long, fiat, concave, thick, rigid, 1-nerved, the some- what thickened margin ciliate with deciduous hairs. Flowers (yellow-red ?) in dense globular terminal heads, the rhachis tomentose-hirsute. Bracts rigid, striate, but veiy deciduous. Calyx-tube membranous, about 1 line long ; lobcs united in a scarious continuous border. Petals about 1 line dianietcr, so deciduous as to be only seen in the bud. Staminal bundles about 5 lines loug, divided to about the middle or lower down iuto 9 to 11 filanients ; anthers small. Ovules rather numerous in each cell, on a short pUicenta. W. Australia. Betweeu Moore and Murchison rivers, Bnmmond, Cdh Coll. n. 76. M. Iqjlospermoides, Sctiau. in Pl. Preiss. i. 139, from Quiingeu Plains, Preiss, n. 312, may possibly be thc same specics, and if so this uame should be preferred to Turczanino\v's. In one of the very imperfcct spccimeus seen, the leavcs are broader thau iu Drummond's ; in the other they are mostly uarrower. 66. M. polycephala, Benlh. Rigid, with divaricate branches, the youug shoots slighily hoary. Leaves alternate, spreading, ovate, ovate- hmceolate or oblong, acute, flat, rigid, 1-nerved, mostly 8 to 4 lines long. Flowers small, pink. in small dense^ terminal globular heads, thc axis not growing out until after flowering, the rhachis aiid calyxes villous. Calyx- Melaleuca.'] XLViii. myktacEjE. 153 tube membraiious, broacUy carapanulate, scarcely above \ line long ; lobes short, broad, scarious, occasionally confluent. Petals ^ to f line diameter. Stamens about 2 lines long, sliortly united in bundies of 3 or rarely more. Ovules not numerous, erect on a small placenta. Fruiting calyxes about l^ lines diameter, very densely packed in globular heads. ■W. Australia, Dvummond, Zlh Coll. n. 175. 67. M. spathulata, Schau. in PI. Preiss. i. 134. A small spreading shrub, the young slioots silky-pubescent or softly hirsute, soon becoming glabrous. Leaves scattered, spreading or recurved, obovate-spathulate, ob- tuse or scarcely murronate, much narrowed at the base, 2 to 3 or rarely 4 lines long, flat, thick, smooth, obscurely 1-ncrved. Flowers small, red, in dense terminal globuUir heads, the axis not growing out till after flowering, the rhachis and sometimes the calyxes hirsiite. Calyx-tube thin, about ^ line iong ; lobes half as long as the tube, rounded. Petals about ^ line diameter. Stamens 2 to 2\ lines long, very shortly united in bundles of 2 to 5 (usually 3) ; anthers small. Ovules not numerous in each cell, erect on a small placenta ; stigma small. Fruiting-heads globular, very dense, about 4 lines diameter. "W. Australia, Bmmmond, hfh Coll. n. 177 ; and a:ravelly sides of Konkoberup hills near Cape Hiche, Preiss, n. 301 ; Phillips range and Gordou river, Maxwell. Some specimens of Drummond^s n. 109, in fruit oiily, appear to be a variety very deusely brauched with very numerous globular heads, aud the calyx-lobes more persistent. 68. M, eriantha, Benth. A bushy shrub, with the aspect nearly of M. seriata, but readily distinguished by its hoary foliage and white-tomentose young shoots and inflorescence. Leaves linear-oblong or more or less cuneate, obtuse, thick, obscurely 1-nerved, narrowed at the base, 2 to 4 lines long. Flowers pink, in terminal globuLar heads, not so dense as in most of the allied species, the rhachis and calyxes covered with a close but dense white tomentum. Calyx-tube ovoid, almost urceolate, about 1 line long ; lobes truncate, tomentose at the base, otherwise scarious and ofteii conflnent. Petals about 1 line diameter. Staminal bundles 3 to 4 lines long, the claws about as long as the petals, each with 7 to 11 filaments at the end. Ovules not very numerous, erect on a small placenta; stigma small. Fruiting-heads globular, the calyxes not numeroiis, smooth, about 2 lines long, narrower and more distinct than in the allied species. TV. Australia, Drummond, ^th Coll. Siippl. n. 30. 69. M. subtrigona, Schau. in Pl. Preiss.i. 139. A densely-branched bnsliy shrub, either low and diftuse, or erect and 3 or 4 ft. high, the young shoots hoary-pubescent or hirsute, the full-grown foliage glabrousor nearly so. Leaves scattered, usually crowded, linear, thick, very obtuse or rartly mucro- nate, semiterete, mostly 2 to 3 lines long. Flowers small, pink, in sniall dense terminal globular heads, the axis not growing out uutil after flowering ; the rhachis woolly-tomentose. Calyx-tube glabrous or slightly villous, about 1 line diameter; lobes broad, truncate, scarious, often confluent. Petals about 1 line diameter. ' Stamens about 3 lines long, shortly united in bundles of 3 to 7. Ovnles not very numerous in each ccU, erect on a small placenta. Fruiting-calyxes sraooth, 1|- to 2 lines dianieter, very closely packed in small globular heads. — M. tuberculata, Schau. in Pl. Preiss. i. 139. 154 XLvm. MVUTACEiE. [Melakuca. W. Australia, Diumwond (Srd ColL), n. 57, 5M Coll. n. 153, 167, 170, 172; King George's Soiind to Vork, Preiss, n. 261 ; low places, Gordou river, Oldfield. 70. M. seriata, Lindl. Swan Riv. Jpp. 8. Branches villous pubescent or glabrous. Leaves scattered, erect or recurved, linear or linear-cuueate, obtuse, narrowed at the base, mostly 3 to 4 lines long, thick but flat, ob- scurely 1-nerved. Flowers small, red or purple, in dense terminal globular heads, the rhachis toraentose or woolly. Bracts very deciduous. Calyx-tube pubescent at the base, about |- line long ; lobes sometinies short, broad, scarious, and raore or less conflueut, soraetimes more ovate and nearly as loiig as the tube. Petals under 1 line diameter. Staminal bundles 3 to 4 lines long, the claws exceeding the petais, each with 5 to 9 filaments at the end. Ovules not nurnerous, on a small peltate placenta ; stigma small. — M. Endlicheriayia, Schau. in Pl. Preiss. i. 134 ; M. seriata, Lindl., and M. oriiata, Schau. 1. c. 135. '^V. Australia. Swan River and adjoining districts, Brnmmond, \st Coll. n. 113; Treiss, n. 298, 299, 302, 308 ; Tone aud Gordou rivers, Oldfield. M. IFceberi, Reichb., Schan. iu Ottn and Dietr. Allgcni. Gartnz. iii. 167, at least as to Preiss'9 S])ecimeus, n. 317, from the Xonkoberup hills towards Cape Riche, quoted Pl. Preiss. i. 137, appears to be the same plant, although the staminal claws are said to be shortcr with ouly 3 to 5 filaiuents, as iu M. subirigoria. Melrosideros sororia, Eudl. iu Hucg. Enum. 49, is, according to Schauer, his M. Eiidlicheriana, of which Preiss's specimens do not diifcr from Melaleuca seriata, but Eudlicher's characler agrees niuch better with Kuiizea recurva. 71. M. scabra, R. Br. iu Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2. iv. 414. A bushy shrnb, either low and spreading or attaining several ft., with virgate branches, ghibrous or liirsute when young. Leaves scnttered, usually crowded under the flower-heads, erect, iucurved or rarely recurved, hnear-terete, seraiterete or clianneikMl above, obtuse or acute, thick and nerveless, sniooth or tuberciihite, •3 to I in. long. Flowers red, in dense terminal globidar heads, varying con- siderably in size, the rhacliis toiuentose or liirsute. Bracts striate, very decichious. Calyx-tube more or less hirsute, i to 1 line long ; lobes broad, scarious, distinct or confluent. Petals not large, very deciduous. Staminal bundles -5^ to nearly A in. long, the claws short, each with ? to 11 or rarely niore filaments at the etid. Ovules not very nuraerous, erect on a sraall pla- centa ; stigraa sraall. Pruiting-heads globular, dense; calyxes truncate, more or less urceolate.— DC. Prod. iii. 213 ; Sweet, Fl. Austral. t. 10; M. parvicep-i, Lindl. Swan Kiv. App. 8; Schau. in Pl. Preiss. i. 136; M. Manglesii, Scliau. 1. c. i. 135. W. Australia. Lucky Bay, R. Broim ; from Swan River to the south coast, Drum- wond, \st Coll.n.\\2; Preiss, n. 260, 297, 310, 320, 326; Oldfield, and others ; and eastward to Cape Le Graud, Maxwell. I)rummond's 3rd Coil. n. 58, has more nunierous staniens and long hairs to tlic calyx ; u. 176 has flatter leaves, approaching those of M. seriala. In gcucral, several of tlie foregoing aud followiug species appear almost to pass iuto this oue. lu ali, the smaUer more globular heads have often noue but male flowers, with a very small, abortive ovary at the base of the calyx. 72. M. urceolaris, F. Muell. Herb. A tall bu^hy shrub, more or h;ss hoary, aud olten hirsute with spreading hairs, becoming glabrous with age. Leaves scattcred, often crowded, linear, semiterete, obtuse or mucronulate, ncrveless, raostly about \ in. long. Flowers yellowish, in dense terrainal Melakucu.'] XLViii. myktace.e. 155 globular lieads, tlie a\is not growing oiit till after flowering, tlie rhacliis and calyxes pubescent or villous. Bracts more persistent than in M. scahra. Calyx-tube membranous, rather above 1 line loug ; lobes broad, scarious, often confluent. Petals above 1 liue diameter, often ciliate. Staminal bundles 4 to 5 lines long, the claws sliort and broad, each wilh iO to 15 filaments ; anthers ovate. Ovules not numerous in each cell, erect on a small peltate placenta. Fruiting-calyxes urceohite-globular, very smooth, 2 to nearly 3 lines diaraeter, not numerous, but closely packed iu a globular head, Seeds obovoid-cuneate ; cotyledons broad, more or less fokled. W. Australia. j\Iurchison river, Oldfield ; Drunmond, ^th Colf. w. 73. Var. virgaia. Scarcely villous. Branches elongated with less crowdeJ leaves. Flowers rather smaller. — Drummond, ^th Coll., n. 71. The species dilfers ft-om M. scabra chieiiy iu the colour of the flowers. 73. M. trichophylla, Lindl. Sican Riv. App. 8. Very spreading or sometiraes prostrate, ofteu extending to several ft., either hirsute with fine spreading hairs, especially the young shoots, or quite glabrous. Leaves scattered, crowded, especially under the flower-heads, linear-terete, slender, obtuse or alraost acute, j to ^ in., or in other specimens |^ to 1 in. long, sraooth or tuberculate. Flowers usually but not always larger than in M. scubra, pink, in dense terminal globular heads, the axis not growing out till after flowering, the rhachis and calyxes touientose or villous. Bracts very deciduous or rarely persistent at the tirae of flowering. Calyx-tube under 1 line long; lobes scarious, ovate or oblong, usually longer than the tube, but very irregular in size, and ofteu raore or less conflueut. Petals not much longer than the calyx-Iobes. Staminal bundles about ^ iu. long, claws narrow, exceeding the petals, with 3 to 9 filaraents at the end ; authers sraall. Ovules not very numerous, on a sraall peltate placenta ; stigma small. Fruiting-calyxes either capitate, or two or three togetlier, sraooth, truncate, 2 to 3 lines diaraeter. — Schau. in Pl. Preiss. i. 136 ; M. eremcea, F. Muell. Fragm. iii. 114. \^. Australia. Svvan River, Brnnunond, \st Coll. ; Murchison river aud Chanipiou Bay, Oldfield. — Vei-y near M. scabra, ditfering chiefly in the more slender leaves and longer calyx-lobes. 74. M. holosericea, Schau. in Pl. Preiss. i. 139. A bushy shrub of 2 to 3 ft., the branches and foliage hoary-tomentose or soraetimes silky- villous. Leaves scattered, crowded, liuear, terete or seraiterete, acute or ob- tuse, ;^ to l^ in. long or more on the principal branches. Flowers (pink?) m dense terminal globular heads, the axis not gz'0wing out till after flowering; rhachis and calyxes tomentose-villous. Calyx-tube campauulate, scarcely 1 line long ; lobes broad, scarious, often confluent. Petals about 1 line diaraeter. Starainal bundles about 4 lines long, the claws ofteii exceeding the petals, with 5 to 11 filaraents at the end. Ovuies not very uunierous, erect on a small peltate placenta. ■W. Australia. Swan River, Brummond, \st Coll. w. 111 ; sandy phiins near Quangen, Preiss, n. 315 ; Dirk Hartog's Island, Marten. 75. M. squamea, Lahill. Pl. Nov. Holl. ii. 28. ^. 168. A shrid) (or- tree?), the young shoots more or less villous, with soft loose hairs, at length glabrovis. Leaves scattered, numerous, usually spreading, from ovate-lanceo- 136 XLviii. MYRTACE^. [Meluleuca. late to almost linear, acute or acuminate, flat or concave, distinctly 3-nerved, mostly about \ in. and rarely \ in. long. Flowers ratlicr sniall, reddisli- purple wliite or yellowish, in sraall globular terminal heads, the axis not growing out until after flowering, the rhachis and calyxes villous. Bracts acuminate, deciduous, or a few external ones raore persistent. Calyx-tube ovoid, about 1 line long ; lobes much shorter, very obtuse. Petals uiuler 1 line long. Stamens about 3 lines long, very shortly united in bundles of 5 to 9. Ovules rather numerous in each cell, erect on a small phicenta. Fruiting calvxesoften considerably enlarged, more or less urceolate, in a globular head. — bC. Prod. iii. 213 ; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 128 ; Bot. Reg. t. 477 ; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 412. N. S. 'Wales. Near Appin, Backhonse. Victoria. Iii the Gram])ians and on the Glenels, F. MueUer. Tasmania. Huon river and Port Dahymple, H. Brown ; very comniou iu peaty soil in many parts of the colony, ascending to 4500 ft., J. D. Hooker. S. Australia. Mount Gambier, at the S.Jll. extremity, F. Mueller. 76. M. densa, B. Er. in Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2. iv. 416. A bushy rigid shrub, usually glabrous, except the inflorescence. Leaves scattered or in irregular whorls of tliree, ovate, concave, spreading or recurved, obtuse, 3 or rarely 3 lines long, rigid and more or less prominently 1- or 3-nerved. Flowers sraall, in ovoid ol)long or rarely globular terminal lieads, the axis soon grovving out into a leafy shoot ; the rhachis wooUy or nearly glabrous. Bracts broad, often herbaceous. Calyx-tube broadly campanidate ; lobes rounded, more or less scarious, nearly as long as the tube. Petals about 1 line diameter. Staminal bundles scarcely above 2 lines long, tlie claws rarely exceeding the petals, each with 3 to 7 filaments at the end ; anthers small. Ovules not very numerous in each cell, erect on a small placenta ; style long with a small stigma. Fruiting spike ovoid or cylindrical, dense, i to 1 in. long. — DC. Prod. iii. 215; Schau. in PI. Preiss. i. 144; M. propinqua, Schau. I. c. ; M. epacridioides, Turcz. in BuII. Mosc. 1847, i. 165. W. Australia. Kina; George's Souud and adjoining districts, R. Brown, Men^ies, A. Cnnningham, Ba.rter, Brummond, Zrd Coll.n. 46, hth Coll. n. 149, Preiss, n. 285, 286, 288, Oldfield, Ma.vwell. In hixuriant shoots the leaves are occasionally longer and broader, attaining even 4 lines. In some garden specimeiis they are longer and more aente. In Prciss's speeimens of M. projungua they arc rather snialler but not othervvise diflerent. In l)rnmniond's 5th Coll. 11. 167, they are ail narrow aiid regularly in 6 rows, in n. 166 of the same CoU. all veiy spreadi.ig, rigid, and squarrose, almost like those of M. elachophi/lla. 77. M. thymoides, Labill. Pl. Nov. lloll. ii. 27. t. 167. A tall shrub, usually glabrous, tlie branchlets rigid but slender, virgate or divaricate, and often spinescent. Leaves scattered, from linear-lanceolate to oblong- elliptical or almost ovate, rigid, usiudly acute, narrowed at the base, flat, 3- or 5-nerved, ? to ^ in. long. Flowers yellowish-white, in dense terminal globidar heads, the axis rarely growing out luitil after flowering, the rhachis usually tomentosc or woolly. Bracts decidnous. Calyx-tube pubescent, broadly campanulate, about \ line loug ; lobes broad, meudjranous, but more or less distiuctly 3-nerved in the centre. Petals striate in the centre. Sta- rninal bundlcs 3 to 4 lines long, the claws as long as or exceeding the petals, with 5 tu 9 filameuts at the eud ; anthers very small. Ovules not Melulenca.'] XLVlii. MYRTACE.f:. 157 very numerous in eaeh cell, atul sometinies very few, ereot on a small pln- centa. — DC. Prod. iii. 213; Schau. in Pl. Preiss. i. 1-10 ; M. spiuosa, l^iwiXl. Swan Riv. App. 8 ; Schau. in Pl. Preiss. i. 140. W. Australia. Kiiig George's Sound, R. Brown and others, and thence to Svvan River, Drummond, \st ColL, 3;r/ CoU. n. 44; Preiss, n. 280, 281, 282, 283, aud others, and eastward to West Mount Barreu, Maxivell, Vasse and Tone rivers, Oldfield. The spinesceut branches are a very uncertaiu character, both in the Swan River and iu the Kiug George's Souud specinieus. 78. M. striata, Labill. Pl. Nov. Holl. ii. 26. t. 165. A tall and bushy or low and straggling shrub, the young shoots silky, at length glabrous. Leaves alternate, lanceohite or linear, acute and often pungent-pointed, tlat, 3- or 5-nerved, sometimes all under \ in. long and very thick and rigid, sometimes narrower aud above | in. Plowers pinb (or sometimes whiter), in dense oblong or cylindrical terminal spikes, the axis not growing out until after flowering, tlie rhacliis and calyxes woolly. Calyxtube broad, about 1 line diameter; lobes very short aud broad. Pelals about 1 line diaraeter. Staminal bundles 5 to 6 lines h)ng, the cLaws longer than the petals, each with 7 to 11 fllaments at the end ; anthers small. Ovules not very numerous, on a broad shortly bifid placenta. Fruiting spikes cylindrical, very dense, rarely above 1 in. long, the calyxes l^ to 2 lines long. — DC. Prod. iii. 212; M. Fraseri, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3210. W. Australia. King George's Sound and adjoiuiug districts, Lahillardih-e, R. Brown, Fraser, Bnanmond, Zrd Coll. n. 53, and others, aud eastvvard to Young river, and Orleans Bay, Maxwell. This species sometimes comes uear to M. pentagona, but diffcrs in its ob- long or cylindrical spikes. 79. M. polygaloides, ScJiau. in Fl. Preiss. i. 142. GLabrous or the young shoots pubescent or bilky. Leaves scattered or in whorls of 3, those on tbe main branches oblong or lanceolate, acute, flat, 1- or 3-nerved, and olten ^ in. long, on the smailer branches linear or linear-lanceoLite, about i in. long, or all narrow and i to ^ in., flat or concave and almost nerveless. Flowers small, white, iu dense ovoid or cylindrical terminal spikes, rarely ex- ceeding f in., the axis not growing oiit in any of our specimens, tlie rhachis and calyxes pubescent. Bracts often persistent. Calyx-tube campannlate, scarcely 1 line diameter ; lobes short, obtuse. Petals about | line diameter. Staraens not above 2 lines long, shortly united in bundlesof 7 to IL Ovules not numerous, erect on a small placenta ; style long, with a small stigma. Fruiting spikes dense, cylindrical, -^ to f in. long, but not seen quite ripe. ^V. Australia. Svvan River, Collie, Drummond, \st Coll. and Zrd Coll. n. 45; Kalgau river, Oldfield. Preiss's specimens in bud only, n. 327, certainly are conspecitic with Diummoud's, but the fruiting oues, n. 328, though in a very imperfect state, appear to be different. 80. M. incana, R. Br.in Bot. Reg. t. 410. A tall shrub, the branches often tortuous or spreading, niore or less hoary-tomentose or pubescent. Leaves scattered or irregularly opposite or in whoris of three, veiy spreading, often crowded, linear or lanceohite, mostly acute, ratlier rigid but often in- curved, j to |- in. long, 1- or 3-nerved, becoraing sometimes gLabrous with age, but usually hoary, especially uuderneath. Flowers rather small, yel- lowish-white, in dense terminal ovoid or oblong spikes, the axis rarely grow- 138 XLviir. MYRTACEJE. [Melaleiica. inj? out until after flowering, the rhachis pubescent. Calyx-tube glabrous or pvibescent, broadly canipanulate, al)out 1 line diaineter ; lobes broad, about half as long as the tube. Petals about 1 line dianicter. Staniens 3 to 4 lines long, sliortiy united in bundles of 3 to 9. Ovules not very numerous, erect on a short placenta. Fruiting spikes dense, cylindrical, f to 1 in. long. — DC. Prod. iii. 215 ; Schau. in Pl. Preiss. i. 141 ; M. cariescens, Link and Otto, Pl. Sel. Ilort. Berol. 81. t. 37 ; M. tomentosa, CoUa, Hort. Ripul. 87. t. 37 ; M. hypochondriaca, Dehnli. according to Schau. W. Australia. King George's Sound, R. Broivn, Wakefield ; towards Cape Iliche and Caniiing rivcr, Preiss, n. 262, 266, 329, Brnmmotid, Srd Coll. n. 46, aud 2nd Coll. n. 63 ; Vasse river, Oldjield. 81. M. nodosa, Sm. in Trans. Linn. Soc. iii. 276, and Exot. Bot. t. 35. A tall shrub or sniall tree. Leaves alternate, linear or subulate, rigid, pun- gent-pointed, niostly \ io \ in., or on luxuriant shoots nearly 1 in. long. Plowers in small dense globular or rarely ovoid axillary or terminal heads, the axis not growing out untii after tlowering, the rhachis tomentose. Calyx- tube broadly campauulate, about f line long ; lobes much shorter, obtuse, and petal-like. Petals about as long as the calyx-lobes. Staminal bundles about 3 lines loug, the claws about as long as the petals, with 3 to 6 or rarely more filaraents at the end. Ovules not very numerous, erect on a small placenta. Fruiting-heads very densc, globular, 3 to 4 lines diameter, the calyxes truncate. — DC. Prod. iii. 213 ; Vent. Jard. Malm. t. 112 ; Metro- sideros nodosa, Gsertn. Fruct. i. 172. t. 34; Cav. Ic. iv. t. 334; Melaleuca juniperina, Sieb. ; Peichb. Iconogr. Exot. ii. 4. t. 112; M. juniperoides, DC. Prod. iii. 213; Metrosideros juniperina and M. putigens, Reichb. in Spreng. Syst. Cur. Post. 194. Queensland. Moretou Bay, W. Eill. N. S. Wales. Port Jaekson to the Bhie Mouutains, R. Brojcn, Sieber, n. 316, 317, aud othcrs; (Jlarcnce river, Beckler. Of the luunerous small flovver-heads in this species the great majority appear to cousist of decidunus flovvers, male by abortion. M. tcnuifolia, DC. Prod. iii. 213, described from fruitiug specimens whieh I have not seeu, is probably, froni the characters given, a vai-iety of M. nodosa with longer leaves. 82. M. pungens, Schaii. in Pl. Preiss. i. 138. A shrub of several ft., the young shoots more or less pubescent. Leaves alternate, spreading, linear- subuiate, tercte, rigid, with a straight, often pungent point i to 1 in. long. Flowc-s yellowish-wliite, ratlier small, in dense ovoid oblong or rarely globuhir terminal spikes, the axis not growing out until after flowering, the rhaclus tomentose or woolly. Calyx-tube pubescent or liirsute, campanulate, under 1 line loug; k)brs short, broad, scarious, usually ciliate. Petals scarcely 1 line long. Staminal bundles about 3 lines long or rather more, the claws short, each with about 7 filaments at the end ; anthers not larger than iu Beaufortia, but distinctly versatile. Ovules very few in each cell, erect on a small plucenta ; stigma small. Fruiting spikes dense, oblong or cylindrical, the calyxes not attaining 2 lines. W. Australia, Brtimmond, \st CoU. n. 115, 5/7« CoU. n. 146; barren gravelly places near IMouut 15;irrovv, Preiss, n. 316; Kalgan river ranges and East Mount ^?iVYen,Maxwell (with shorter leaves, rounder flower-heads, the rhachis less woolly) ; Fitzgerald flats, Maxwell (with thicker leaves). Melalenca.] XLA'iii. mvrtaceje. 159 Var. obtusifolia. Leaves more crowded, mostly obtiise. Flowcrs loncier, yellow, iu vcry deiise and oblong spikes. Druinmnnd, hth Coll. n. 148 ; West Moimt hnrren, Maa-well. The species often apiiroaches M. pentagona, on the one hand, or M. nodosa on the other. 83. M. ericifolia, 8m. in Trans. Linn. Soc. iii. 276. and Exot. Bot. t. 34. A shrub or tree, attaining aometimes a considerable height, usually glabrous and often glaucous, with virgate branchlets. Leaves scattered, nu- merous, ofteii recurved, narrow-linear, semiterete or convex undcrneath, obtuse or scarcely acute, varely above \ in. long. riowers yellowish-white or rarely red, not hn-ge, (the males?) in ovoid or nearly globular terminal heads, or the perfect ones in oblong and cylindrical spikes of ^ to 1 in., vvith the axis soon gro^ing out into a leafy branch, the rhachis tomentose. Calyx glabrous or nearly so, short, broad, with short, broad, obtuse, herbaceous lobes. Petals above 1 line long. Staminal bundles 3 to 4 lines long, the chiws exceeding the petals, each with about 7 lilaments at the end. Ovules rather numerous in each cell, on a short peltate phicenta. Fruiting spikes compact; calyxes truncate. — DC. Prod. iii. 213 ; Hook. f. Pl. Tasm. i. 129 ; M. Hodosu, Sieb. Pl. Exs., not of Sm. ; M. Ganniana, Schau. in VValp. Rep. ii. 928 ; M. heliophila, P. Muell. ; Miq. in Ned. Kruidk. Arch. iv. 120 (from the character given). N. S. Wales. Port Jackson to the Bhie Monntains, R. Brown, Sieber, n. 318, and others ; Lord Howe's Island, rare, on rocks facintj; the sea, Milne. Victoria. On the Yarra and Goidburn rivers and Dandcnong mountains, F. Mueller. Tasmania. Port Dah-ymple aud islands of Bass's Straits, R. Brown. Abundant, especially in swanipy ground iu the northei"n parts of the colony, the Sicamp Tea-tree of the colonists, /. D. Hooker. Var. erubescens. Flowers red. Stamens usually more numerous. — M. erubescens, Otto, Hort. Berol. 37, accordiug to DC. Prod. i. 214. M. diosmifolia, Dum. Cours. according to DC. 1. c. — Port Jackson, Paramatta, Woolls. 84. M. viminea, Lindl. Swan Riv. App. 8. A tall ghibrous shrub. with virgate branches. Leaves scattered, erect or recurved, narrow linear, fhit or convex underneath, with a recurved point or ahnost obtuse, ^l^ to ^ in. long. Flowers small (white?), in terminal gloljuhir heads and mostly males, or the perfect ones in oblong-cylindrical spikes, the axis not growing out till after flowering, the rhachis and calyxes glabrous. Calyx-tube broadly campanu- late, rather thin, under 1 line diameter; lobes short. Petals under 1 line long. Staminal bundles 2 to 3 lines long, the claws exceeding the petals, each with 7 to 11 or rather more fiiaments at the end ; anthers small. Ovules rather nunierous, on a sinall peltate placenta. Fruiting spikes cylin- drical, rather dense or interrupted, the calyxes about l^ lines diameter. — Scliau. in PL Preiss. i. 142 ; M. Lehmanni, Schau. L c. W. Australia. Swan River, Drummond, Ist Cotl. and n. 109 ; Preiss, n. 291, 292. Var. majnr. Leaves rather broader. Flowers larger. — Swan River, Port Gregoi-y, and Champion Bay, Otdfield. M. hamutosa, Turcz, above n. 46, closely resembles this species, but thc spikes are all cyhudrical and above 1 in. long. 85. M. microphylla, Sm. in Rees Cyclop. xxiii. A ghibrous spreading shrub, very closely allied to M. viminea and M. hamulosa, but with the foliage of M. blari/pfolia. Leaves scattered, spreading or reciu-ved, rather crowdcd and aU nearly of the same size, linear, semiterete or rather tiiick, obtuse, 160 XLviii. MYRTACEiE. [Melaleitca. about 3 lines long. Flowers vvhite in cylinclrical spikes, terrainating short lateral branches or the males iii ovoid heads. Calyx-tube broad, about ] line diauieter ; lobes short. Petals 1 line long. Staminal bnndles 3 to 4 lines long, the chnvs exceeding the petals, each with 11 to 15 or more fila- ments at the end. Ovules numerous, on a peltate phacenta.— M. brachy- plii/lla, Schau. in Pl. Preiss. i. 141; M. te?iuissi)na, Tausch. in Flora, 1846, 411, according to Schan. ; J¥. brevifolia, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 116. W. Australia. Kiug George's Souiid and adjoiuing Ca&iYwi?,, Menzies, Preiss, n. 235, Maxwell, Oldjield. A fruiting spccinien frora ]\Ienzies, in Herb. R. Br., has the calyxes very much enlarged with thickeued obtuse warted lobes, the whole spike very dense and above \ in. diameter ; but this niay be abnormal. 86. M. tenella Bentli. A shrub of about 4 ft., with slender branches, glabrous or minutely pubescent. Leaves scattered or in whorls of 3, narrow- linear, incurved or spreading, ^at or concave, acute or almost obtuse, ob- scurely 1-nerved, 2 to 3 lines long. Flowers small (white?), in globular, oblong, or shortly cylindrical terminal spikes, the axis not growing out until after tlowering, tlie rhachis pubescent or nearly glabrous. Calyx-tube cam- panulate, scarcely 1 line diameter. Stamens about 2 lines long, very shortly ixnited in bundles of 3, 4 or rarely 5. Ovules not very numerous, erect on a small peltate placenta ; style rather thick ; stigma not dilated. TV. Australia. Moist soil, tributaries of Phillips River, Maxwell. 87 ? M. leiopjTxis, F. Muell. Herb. A spreading shrub of 2 to 3 ft., glabrous except the iiitiorescence. Leaves linear-oblong, obtuse, flat, thick, rigid, nerveless, :^ to -^ in. long. Flowers not seen. Fruiting-calyxes 2 to 4 together on a short pubescent or "woolly rliachis, thick and smooth, attached by the broad base, fully 3 lines diameter, truncate at the top. ^V. Australia. Liuiestone Hills, Mnrchison river, Oldfield. 88. M. pustulata, Hook. f. in Hook. Lond. Journ. vi. 476, and Fl. Tasm. i. 129. A glabrous bushy shrub, varying from 2 or 3 ft. to twice that height. Leaves scattered, often crowded, froin elliptical-oblong or hinceolate to linear or linear-cuneate, obtuse, thick, concave, nerveless, mostly 2 to 3 lines long, but in some specimens all under 2 lines. Flowers small, not nuniei'ous, in small terminal lcafy heads, the axis soon growiiig out into a leafy shoot, the rhacliis and calyx glabrous. Calyx-tube ovoid, about 1 line long ; lobes iiearly as long, lanceolate. Petals about 1 line. Staniinal bundles not ex- ceeding 3 lines, the chws longer than the petals, eacli with 15 to 20 filaments at the end. Ovules rather numerous in each cell, erect on a short peltate or bifid phacenta. Fruiting-calyxes very few iii the spilve, not much enlarged, crowned by the persistcnt lobes. — M. lialmaturorum, F. Muell. ; Miq. in Ned. Kruidk. Arch. iv. 122. N. S. Wales. Darling river, Neilson. Victoria. AVimmera, Dallachi/ (with much shorter stamens). Tasmania. Oyster IJay aud ou a tributary of the South-Esk river, Gnnn. S. Australia. St. Vincenfs Gulf, Wkitlalcer, F. Mueller ; Kangaroo Island, Water- house. 89. M. acerosa, Schau. in Pl. Preiss. i. 137. An erect bushy shrub of sevcral ft., hjost-ly silky-hairy or at length glabrous. Leaves scattered, Melalei/cu.] XLVlll. myrtace.e. 161 crowded, spreading or iiicurved, narrow-linear, flat or concave, ratlier tliick, acute or obtuse, under ^ in. long. Flowers (yellowish-wliite ?) rather sniall in terniinal globular heads, especially the males, the perfect ones fewer in the head and often reduced to 5 or 6, the axis not growingout till after flowering, the rhachis woolly-tonientose. Calyx-tube ovoid, about 1 line long; lobes scarious, broad, truncnte and often confluent. Petals scarcely 1 line diameter, so deciduous as rarely to be seen except in the young bud. Staniens 3 to 4 lines long, very irregularly united in bundles of about 7 to 11 ; anthers ovoid. Ovules not ninnerous, erect on a small phicenta. Fruiting-calyxes usually 2 or 3 only together, very smooth, about 2 lines diameter. TV. Australia. Swan River, Fraser, Drummond, \st Coll. and ?;. 52, Preiss, n. 263. Var. bracteata. Bracts larger aud niore persisteut.- — M. bisulcata, Y. j\Juell. Fragiu. iii. 118. Murchison river, Oldjield. 90. M. pauperiflora, F. Mnell. Fragm. iii. 116. A slirub of 4 to 6 ft., the young shoots pubescent. Leaves scattered, linear, ratherthick, semi- terete or nearly terete, acute or abuost obtuse, nerveless, mostly 3 to 4 lines long. Flowers (pink or white?) in small terminal heads of about 6, the axis not growing out until after flowering, the rhachis pubescent. Bracts short, imbricate. Ca]yx-tid)e ghtbrous, ovoid, above 1 Hne loug; lobes small, dis- tinct, with scarious margins. Petals scarcely 1 line long. Stamens 2 to 3 lines, very shortly united in bundles of .7 to 12. Ovules rather numerous iu each cell, erect on a small peltate placenta ; stigma small. Fruiting-calyxes globular, sniooth, about 2 lines diameter. W. Australia, Dr/immoud, 5f/i Cill. n. 154, 158; Phillips Range, Maxwell. 91. M. aspalathoides, Schan. hi Pl. Preiss. i. 140. A rigid shrub of about 2 ft., the young branches and foliage white with a close, dense, silky tomentura. Leaves scattered, crowded, subulate, terete, not rigid, about f in. long. Fiowers few together. Calyx-tube white-tomeutose, about 1 line long ; lobes rather longer, narrow aud apparently persistent. Staminal bundles (3 or 4 lines long?) the claws as long as the calyx-Iobes, each with 7 to 9 filaments. MT. Australia. York district and Quaugeu Plaius, Preiss, n. 2425 and 2426. The ouly speeimens seen (iu Herb. Souder) are very iucompletc, but the species appears to be qnite distinct froni M. incana or M. holosericea, both of vvhich have white-tonieutose foliage. Sekies VII. PhLTAT.«. — Leaves opposite or alternate, very small, often scale-Iike, more or less peltately attached and closely appressed to the branch. or the upper end spreading. Flowers small, in dense heads or spikes. 92. M. deltoidea, i?f«///. Glabrous. Leaves opposite, ovate-triangidai acutc or obtuse, spreading, but thick and more or less peltately attaclied in the middle of their broad dilated base, mostly 1 to 1| lines long. Flowera rather small (pink or white), in globular or ovoid terminal heads, the axis soon growing out into a leafy shoot, the rhachis and calyxes glabrous. Calyx- tube ovoid, about f line diameter ; lobes very short and broad and ratiier thick. Pctals about \ line diameter. Staininal buudles 2 to 3 lines long, the claws shorter or rather louger than the petals, each Avith 5 to 9 filaments at the end. Ovules few in eacli cell, erect, on a small placenta ; stigma small. Fruiting-calyxes in globular clusters, each about 2 lines diameter. VOL. III. ii Ifi2 XLViii. MVKTACR.K. [Melaleucu. W. Australia, BrHmmoud, bih Coll. n. 151 ; riiillii.s llange, Muxwell, in Herb. Oldjield. 93. M. minutifolia, F. 3LieU. vi Trans. PJdl. Soc. Vict. iii. 43. Nearly allied to M. tmnarm-ina, but tlie braiuhlets ave iiiuch niore sleuder aud not excavated. Leaves opposite, seale-like, appressed and inibrieate, almost steui- claspino- and peltatelv attached near theba«e, ovate orovate-lanceohite, acutely acuinintite, \ to uearlv 1 line loiig. Flowers suuill, in small ovoid tenuuial heads, therhachis woollv. Calyx-tube broad, about ^ liue lou^^ lobes about as lonir, broad, striale. ' Petalsnearly 1 line long. btauiinal bundles about 3 liueslouir, the ehiws narrow, nearly twice as lorig as the petals, each with 7 to 11 iilalnents at the eud ; authers very snudl. Fruiting-spikes short, the calyxes globular, truucate, about 1| li"*?^ ^""d- N. Australia. Viitoiia rivcr, F. Mueller. Queensland (?). FliiiJers river, Bowman. '.)4. M. foliolosa, .-/. Citnn. Herh. Brauchlets very nuraerous, erect aiid sleuiler, excavatcd ior the leaves, the margius uf ihe excaviitions forniing a friuge round tliein. Leaves opposite, scale-like, broad, thiek, obtuse, tri- quetrous, ])eltately attaehed, elosely appressed and iuibedded in the excava- tious, scarcely 1 line loug. Flowers oidy seen iu very young bud, few, in terndnal heads. Calyx cami^anidate, with shoit broad striate lobes. " Petals striate. Stamens in "bundles of 15 to 20, the claws already as long as the petals. Stigma rather broad. Frniting-calyxes few iu the head or solitary, globular, about 2 lines diameter. Queensland. Capc Fliiulers, A. Cunnhiyham. 9.J. M. micromera, Srhaii. in Pl. Preiss. i. 146. A tall shrub, with very numerous short sleiuler branches, covered with ashort elose uhite toineu- tum, ofteu concealed by the miuute leavt,s. Lcaves uiostly in whorls of 3, closely appressed, ovate, scale-like, biit thick, peltately attached, rarely above "1 line long. Flowers, at least tlie niales, small, iu globular terminal heads, ihe axis soon growiug out into a leafy shoot. Calyx-tube caiupaiiulate, luembranous, nearly 1 line long, the Jobes very short. Petals about ^ line long. Staniens 1 line long or rather raore, in buudles of 5 to 9. Ovary not seen. Fruiting-heads deuse, globular, 4 to G lines diameter, the calyxes open, l^ to 2 liues diameter, the disk nuuh thickeued oppositc thepersistent lobes ; capsule couvex, on a level witli the calyx ; style persisteiit, with a peltate stigina. Seeds ralher numerous iu each cell, ereet. ^V. Australia, Dntmmond, 'Srd Coll. n. 49 ; gravellv placcs, AVariiip bills, Goodrich districl, raic, Vreiss, n. lS3 a. 9G. M. thyoides, Turcz. in BnJl. Jlosc. 1847, i. 167. A tall shrub, with uuuiero\is siuall ?-lcuder braiichlets, usually whitish, but glabrous or nearly so. Leaves sjnrally arranged, scale-like, closely appressed aiul imbri- cate, thick, peltale aud coucave, veiy obtuse and scarcely \ line loug ou the snialler branchlets, luore distant, acniniuate, and nearly" 1 line loug on the longer branches. Flowers whilish, iu ovoid globular or obloug heads, terminal or the axis very soon «irowing out iuto a leaiy shoot. Calyx-tube ovoid-eam- panulate, about f line long or shorter aud broader in the males, with very short and broad lobes. Petals | to 4 line diametcr. Staniinal buudles 2 t"o Melaleuca.] XLVIII. MYRTACE.E. 163 nearly 3 lines lon»-, tlie claws exceeding tlie petals, each with 5 to 9 filaments at the end. Stig-ma diiated. Fruiting calyxes truncate, in some specimens about 1|^ lines diameter, in not very compact globukir heads, in others 2 lines diameter, in very dense oblong spikes, in others again still larger and only 2 or 3 together. Cotyledons very broad and folded.— ili. ciijjressma, P. Muell. Fragm. iii. 11-i. W. Australia, Drimmond, Srd CoU. 7i. 48, aho ». 57, and n. 169 ; Phitlips Raages, Majcwell ; seashore, Sharks' Bay, Milne (doubtful, the specimens in leaf ouly). 97. M. tamariscina, Hooli. in Mifch. Trop. Anstr. 262. Eranchlets numerous, slender and excavatcd for each leaf as in M. foliolosa, but in a rather less degree. Leaves scarcely opposite, scale-like, peltate and half stem- clasping, closely appressed and half immersed in the excavatioiis, ovate, con- cave, rarely above \ line long, the lower ones of each branchlet very obtuse, the upper ones often acuminate. Flowers not seen. Fruiting-spikes oblong or cylintlrica], ^ to 1 in. long, the calyxes often densely packed, globidar, about l^ lines diameter. Queensland. Belyando river, MUchell. 23. C01SrOTHAT.mUS, Lindl. Calyx-tube campamdate, adnate to the ovary at the base, the free part broad; lobes 5, short, imbricate or open. Petals 5, orbicuhu-, spreadiiig or iione. Stamens indetinite, collected in clusters or united in bundles opposite the petals or alternating with the calyx-lobes ; anthers versatile, the cells parallel, opening longitudinally. Ovary semi-inferior, enclosed in the calyx- tube, villons, 3-celled, with one ovide in each cell ; style filifoiin, witli a sniall stigma. Capsule enclosed in the hardened and somewhat enlarged calyx, but often nearly frce, within or separable from it, opening loculicidally in 3 valves, Seeds ovate or obovate (not seen ripe). — Shrubs, with the habit of Mdaleuca. Leaves opposite, small, 1- or 3-nerved, rigid. Flowers in terminal giobular heads. The genus is hmited to AYesteni Australia, and only differs fi'om Melaleuca iu the ovides solitary iu each cell, as in Beaufortia, whilst the anthers are those of Melaleuca. Leaves 5 to 1 iu. long, 3-nerved. Petals 5. Stamens united in 5 bundles \. C. trinervis. Leaves 2 to 4 hnes long, 1-nerved. Petals 0. Stameus collected in 5 clusters, but not united 2. C. divaricatus. 1. C. trinervis, Lindl. Stcan Eiv. App. 9. A very rigid spreading shrub, of 2 to 3 it., the young shoots and inflorescence softly villous. Leaves lanceolate, oblong or oblanceolate, very rigid, pungent-pointed, narrowed at the base, promincntly 3-nerved, -^ to 1 in. long. Flowers rather large (white?), in dense globular or ovoid terminal heads, the axis growing out after flower- ing into a leafy shoot, the rhacliis and calyxes villous or wooUy. Bracts rather large, broadly ovate, very deciduous. Calyx-tube above 1 line dia- meter, the lobes obtuse, scarious only at the margins. Petals above 1 line diameter, obscurely striate in tlie centre, with scarious margins. Stamens about 4 lines long, united to about the middle in bundles of 7 to 11 each. Ovary almost Tree within the calyx-tube. Capsule also entirely enclosed M 2 164 XLVIII. MYRTACEyT;. [Cotlot/ia»i?lUS. within tlie tube. Secds solitary in each cell, oblong--triqvietrous, erect, but not seen quite ripe.— Schau. in Pl. Preiss. i. 147 ; Melaleuca aispidata, Turcz. inBuU. Mosc. 1862, ii. 327. W. Australia. Swan River, Brnmmond, \st Coll. ; Preiss, n. 2639 ; sand plains near Cabiiigonfr, Murcliison river, Ohljield. 2. C. divaricatus, Benlh. A low shrub, with opposite, rigid, divari- cate, ahnost spincscent branches, hoary or silky-pnbescent, as well as the foliage. Leaves ovate or ovate-hinceoiate, obtuse, rigid, l-ncrved and trans- versely veined, 2 to 3 or rarely 4 lines long. Plowers sinall, in small dense plobular heads terminatinu- the smaller brancldcts, the axis not growing out until after tlowering, tlie rhacliis and calyxcs vilious. Bracts rather large, broad, imbricate, but very dcciduous. Calyx-tube mcmbranous, above \ line long ; lobes siiort, scarious. Pctals none. Stamens about 1-|- lines long, quite distinct, but coUected in clusters of about 3, alterniiting with the calyx- lobes. Ovules solitary in each ccU and peltate. Fruiting-calyxes about l^ lines diameter, in dense globvdar heads ; capsule enclosed in the calyx-tube, bnt rcadily separable froni it. Seeds ovoid, but not seen perfect. \V. Australia, Bnnnmond, oih Coll. n. 147. SuBTRiBE III. BeaufoutiEjE. — Lcaves opposite or scattered, small or narrow and coriaceous, 1- or several-nerved. Flowers closely sessile and solitary in ihe axils of the fioral leaves and bracts. Stamens indefinite, iniited iu bundles opposite tlie pctals or rarely free ; anthers erect, attached at tlie base, the (lehisceuce various. Ovules 1 or more in each cell of tlie ovary. Enibryo straight or slightly curved, tlie cotyledons longer than the radicle. This subtribe differs from iht Eulejjiospermece chiLlly in thc anthcrs. 24. BEAUFORTIA, K. Br. (Schizopleura, Lindl.) Calyx-tube ovoid or campanulate, adnate to tlie ovary at the base, the free part erect, contracted or rarely dilated ; lobes 5, herbaceous or with scarious margii.'s. Petals 5, spreading. Stamens iudefinite, longer than the petals, united in 5 dislinct bundies opposite the petals, tlie filaments or free parts filiforra ; antliers very sniall, erect, tiie cells parallel, opening at the top iu 2 valves, the outer valve of each cell usually larger nnd often deciduous. Ovary encloscd in tiie calyx-tube, infcrior or half-supcrior, tlie convcx summit villoiis, with a central dcpression rouinl the stylc, 3-cclIcd, with 1 perfect ovule iu eadi ccll, ))eltatc!y attaclicd to the centre of apeltate placcnta, with the addi- tion sonictimcs of 2 imjicrfect ovules, erect at the top of the placenta, and concealcd undcr the perfcct onc ; stylc filiforni, with a small stigma. Capsule enclosed in the cnlarged and hardened calyx-tube, opening loculicidally in 3 valves. Seeds, where known, solitary in eacli ccll, attached bv their inner face with a thin testa ; embryo straight ; cotyledons flat or plano-convex, much longcr than the radicle. — Rigid, often hcath-like shrubs, glabrous or pubes- cent. Leavcs opposite, or iu one species scattered, small, rigid, 1- or several iierved. Flowers iisually red, closcly scssile, solitary within each bract, in dense heads or short spikes, eitber termiual or at the base of the new branch Beauforiia.] xlviii. myrtace^. 165 formed by the growing out of the central axis. Bracts raembranous, usually very decitluous ; bracteoles sraall. This genns is confined to Western Australia. It is closely allied to Melahuca, with the habit and foiiage of the smaller-Ieaved species of that genus, and only differs in the anthers and ovules. As in Melaleuca, the tlowers are often more or less unisexual, the males usually in smaller more globular heads, the female or hermaphrodite heads more oblong. Staminal bundles above \ in. long, the claw much longer than the free part of the filaments. Leaves scattered \. B. sparsa. Leaves all opposite. Leaves ovate or orbicular, usually recurved or spreading. Petals not exceeding the narrow calyx-lobes. Outer valve of the auther-cells conical 2. B. decussata. Petals narrow, twice as loug as the calyx-lobes. Anther- valves orbicnlar, ciliate 3.-6. squarrosa. Petals broad, shortly esceeding the calyx-Iobes, unequal. An- ther-valves orbiculnr. Leaves small, orbicular. Staminal bundles not very un- equal 4. 5. orbifolia. Leaves ovate or ovate-Ianceolate. Inner stamiaal bilndles half the size of the onter ones . , 5. B. anisandra. Leaves narrow-lanceolate or linear. Calyx-Iobes narrovv, as long as or longer than the tube . . 6. .5. niacrostemon. Calyx-Iobes triangular, much shorter than the tube . . . . ^. B. ci/rtodonta. Staminal bundles under ^ in. long, the clavv shorter or scareely longer than the free part of the filameiits. Leaves lanceolate linear or triqmtrous, mostly 3 lines loug or niore. Leaves mostly linear. Calyx-Iobes triangular, shorter than the tube %. B. Schaneri. Leaves mostly lanceolafe. Calyx-Iobes nan'ow, much louger thaa the tnbe and exceeding the petals 9. B. 'pnrpurea. Leaves ovate obovate or orbicular, under 3 liues long. Leaves mostly obovate or orbicular, spreading. Fruits 2 to 3 lines diameter, smooth and only 2 or 3 together 10. B. Bampieri. Leaves recnrved or spreading, 1 to 3 lines long. Frnits about 1 liue diameter, in dense heads or spikes 11. B. elegans. Leaves erect, appressed, under 1 line loug. Fruils of B. elegans. 12. B. micrantha. 1. B. sparsa, R. Br. in Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2. iv. 419. Glabrous, except the iutlorescence. Leaves scattered, rather crowded, ovate-elliptical or ovate-lanceolfite, obtuse, erect or recurved, many-nerved, tlat or concave, but not kecled, \ to nearly \ in. long. Flower-spikes very dense and oblong, the axis ah-eady growiug out before t]owering, the rhachis and calyx ghxbrous or slightly pubescent, the tlowers rather small vvithout the stamens. Calyx- tube abont 1 line long ; lobes scarcely so long, broad and very obtuse. Pe- tals orbicuLar, twice as long as the calyx-lobes. Staminal bundles scarlet, fully 1 in. long, the claws slender, each with about 5 tilaments at the end, scarcely \ as loiig as the claw ; antlier-valves small, orbicukr. Stamiual disk ghd)rous. Ovules sobtary in each cell, the imperfect ones wantiiig or inconspicuous. Fruit-spikes about 1 in. long, the calyxes but slightly en- larged, the short lobes persistent or at length wearing off. Seeds obovoid ; cotyledons phTno-convex. — DC. Prod. iii. 211 ; Schau. in Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. xxi. 14 (by misprint 18), and in Pl. Preiss. i. 149; B. sjiletideiis, Vas.t. Brit. n. Gard.'xiii. 145, with a fig. 166 XLViii. MYRTACE.E. [Beaufortia. W. Australia. King George's SounJ and adjoining districts, Menzies, R. Brown, Lrummond, Srd Coll. n. 42, 4/A Coll. n. 59 ; Freiss, n. 319, 355, aud others. 2. B. decussata, R. Br. in Ait. Hort. Keio. ed. 2. iv. 418. An erect shnih, of 3 or 4 ft., with rigid virgate branches, glabrons or loosely pubescent. Leaves opposite, decussate, ovate, obtuse or scarcely acnte, recurved towards the end, concave, keeled, many-nerved, rarely \ in. long, thefloral onesin the spike hirg-er and often persistent. Flower-spikes ovoid or oblong, nsnally on the old wood below the year's branches, the rhachis and calyxes glabrous or nearly so. Calyx-tube nearly 2 lines long ; lobes linear-hinceoLite, about thc length of the tnbe. Petals orbicnlar, not exceeding the cah-x-lobes. Staminal bundles of a rich red, often 1 in. long, tlie chiws linear, each with 7 to 11 filaraents at the end, about half as long as the chnv ; onter valve of each an- ther-cell nuicli larger than the other, conieal and deciduous. Staminal disk densely fringcd within the stamens with woolly hairs. Ovar^' with 2 imper- fcct ovvdes in each cell, often of a considerable sizc, although concealed uuder tiie perfect one. Seeds oblong ; cotyledons ovate, tiat or plano-convex. — DC. Prod. iii. 211 ; Sdiau. in Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. xxi. 13, and in Pl. Preiss. i. 148 ; Bot. Mag. t. 1733 ; Bot. Reg. t. 18 ; CoUa, Hort. Ripul. t. 22. W. Australia. King Georafe's Sound and adjoininpr districts, R. Broicn, Baxter, Driitnmond, 'ird Coll. n. 59, 4M Coll. n. 61 ; Preiss, n. 356, aud others. 3. B. squarrosa, Schau. in Nov. Act. Nat. Ciir. xxi. 15 (by misprint 19), anrl iu Pl. Freins. i. 149. A straggb'ng shrnb, of 3 or 4 ft., ghibrous, except the intlorescence, and sometimes the young shoots. Leaves opposite, crowded, deeussate, ovateor obovate, recurved, concave, 5- or 7-nerved, rarely excceding 2 lincs, the floral ones or bracts nearly orbieuhir and flatter. Flowers in dense. terniinal, globular heads, the axis only gro^ving out after flowcring, the rliachis usiially pul)cscent. Calyx-tube 1 to nearly 2 liiies long, rather narrow ; lobes about 1 line long, prominently 3-nerved. Petals oblong, at least twice as long as the calyx-lobes. Staminal bnndles erimson, at h'ast f in. long, the chiws slender, each with 3 to 7 fihnments at the end, shorter than the claw ; antlier-valves orbicular, ciliate. Ovary Avith 2 iniperfect ovules iu each cell under the perfect one, olten enharged and hardened after flowering, but wiihout any eml)ryo. Fruits, in some specimens, nearly solitary, ovoid, smooth, and 3 to 4 liues long, in others scarcely half so large and many to- gether in little heads ; the calyx-lobes always deciduous. W. Australia. Canning river, Preiss, n. 358 ; bctween ^loore and Murchison rivcrs, Drummoiid, idh (Joll. n. 75 ; Port Gregory and Murchison rivers, Oldfield. 4. B. orbifolia, F. Muell. Fragm. iii. 110. A spreading straggling shrub, of 2 or 3 ft., glabrous, except tlie inflorescence, or the youiig shoots slightly pubesccnt. Lcaves opposite, crowded and decussate on the smaller branches, orbicular or broadly ovate, obtiise, flat or slightly concave, rigid, 5- or 7-nerved, li to 3 lines long. Plowers in dense globuLir heads, larger and more luimerous than in B. anisnndra, the axis occasionally growing out before the flowering is over, the rhachis and calyxcs pubescent or villous. Calyx- tube about \-\ lines long ; lobes rigid, 1- or 3-nerved, about half as long as the tube or the inner ones smaller. Petals broad, about as longas the calyx- tube, scarcely ciliate. Staminal bundles red, | in. long, the claws narrow, JBeauforiia.] XLViii. MYRTACE.f:, 167 taperino; at the eiid, cach with 3 to 5 rigid divaricnte fdninents, about ^ as long as the chw; anther-valves orbicnhir, the outer one of each cell much larger than the inner one. Ovnry with 3 rudimentary ovules in each cell under the perfect one. Pruit-spikes globuhir or oblong, the calyx-lobes at length wearing off. W. Australia, Bnntimond, Wi Coll. n. 178 ; E. ^lount Barreii, Maxicell. The petals are tliose of B. anisandra, but the flowers are more regular aud the leaves broader. 5. B. anisandra, Schan. iu Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. xxi. 17. ^. 1 A, and in Pl. Freiss. i. 149. Glabrous, except the inflorescence, or the young shoots slis^htly pubescent. Lcaves opposite, erect or spreading, ovate to ovate-lan- ceolate, obtuse or scarcely acute, 1§^ to 3 lines Jong, rigid, concave, keeled, with 1 or 2 faiut lateral nerves on each side of the keel. Flowers in globular terminal heads, the long stamens of a rich pui-ple when dry, of a dark bluish- purple when fresh or rarely red, the rhachis and calyxes pubescent or hirsute. Calyx-tnbe about 1 line long, the lobes not longer than the tube, and the inner ones (next the axis of the spike) often much smnller. Petals brond, slightly ciliate, the external one of each flower often 1| liues diameter, the inner ones much smaller. Staminal bundles very iinequal in the same flower, the claws of the hirger ones ^ to f in. long, slender, but rigid, bearded inside at the base, each with 3 to 7 rigid digitate fihanients much shorter than the claw, the iuner bundles very much shorter with fewer fihimeuts ; outer valves of each anther-cell orbicuhir, twice as large as the inner one. Ovaiy with one large ovule in each cell, the 2 rudiraentary ones minute or wanting. VST. Australia. Kins George's Souud aud adjoiuiug districts. A. Ci/»!ivir//ia>n, Brnm- mond, '3rd Cnll. n. 57 ; Prfiss, n. 'iiV2, and others, and a var. wilh reddcr stameus, Drmn- mond {ird Coll. ?), n. 46 ; Kojonerup raugcs, Maxwell. 6. B. macrostemon, Lindl. Swau Rlv. App. 10. A small shrub, ofteu not above 1 ft. higli, more or less pnbesceut or hirsute. Leaves opposite, ofteu brondlylnnceolate and 3- or 5-nerved on the main stem, linear or linear- lanceohite, crowded and 1-nerved on the sninller branches, rather rigid, but scarcely acute, mostly 3 to 5 lines long. Flowers in dense globular heads, the rhachis and calyxes villous. Calyx-tulie oblique, 1 to 1-^- lineslong; lobes narrow-lanceoLate or linear, as long as the tube or the outer ones longer. Petals ovate, cUiate, rarely exceeding the calyx-lobes. Staminal bundles un- equal, the louger ones f in. long, the claws narrow, niore or h'ss hairy uiside at the bnse, tapering at the top. each with about 3 spreatling fih^ments, much shorter than the ckw ; inner valve of each anther-ctdl searcely conspicuous. Ovai"y with one hirge ovule in ench ceU, the rudimentary oiies searcely conspi- cuons or wnnting. — Sehau. iu Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. xxi. 16, aud in PL Preiss. i. 149. W. Australia. Swan River, Drummond, \st Coll. ; Preiss, n. 357; Ilanipdcu, Clarke. Var. incana. Leaves white-tomentose ou both sides, the nerves iuconsi)icuous. Snan River, Druinmond. 7. B. cyrtodonta, Benih. This has the lincnr, dccussate, crowded foliage and inflorescence of B. Schaue.ri, and may possibly be a variety, but the staminal bundles are longer, more unequal and rigid, of a rich red colour, and the claws tlu'ee times as long as the filaments, as in B. auisandra, the 168 XLViii. myrtace.t:, \Beauforlia. long-est cliuv of eacli flowcr al)ove \ in., and oftcn | in. loncr, with usually 3 filainents to cach claw. Thc calyx-lobes hanceohite, notlono-cr than the tubc, l-ncrved, with the pctals twice as lono:, readily distinguish it froni B. macro- stemou. — Mclalcncn cijrlodonta, Turcz. in BulL Mosc. 184!9, ii. 24. W. Australia, DruMmond, Mh CoU. n. 05, Wi Coll. n. 174; Upper Kalgau river, Oldfidd. 8. B. Schaueri, Preiss,accordiiuf to Schnn. iriNov. Act. Nat. Ciir. xxi. 18 (^bi/ ii/is/jri>// 14), a//d in Pl. Preiss. i. 150. A handsorae bushy shrub, of 2 to fi ft., glabrous, cxccpt the inflorescence, or thc young shoots slightly pubesccnt. Lcavcs opposite, sometinics broadly lanceolatc, and 3- or 5-nervcd on tlie larg-er branchcs, l)ut mostly linear, crowdcd and dccussate, obtuse, keeled, tri- quetrous or seinitcrete, 2 or 3 lines long iii some speciniens, twice as much in othcrs. riowers in dense globular heads, thc rhachis usually tomentose- villous. Calyx-tid)e glabrous or puhescent, searccly 1 line long ; lobes triau- gular, 1-ncrvcd, shorter than the tube. Petals rather broad, tAvice a,s long as the calyx-lobcs. Staminal bundles pink, uncqual, the longest 4 to 5 lines long, each witii 3 to 7, but usually 5 filaurents not shorter and often longcr than the claw ; inner valve of the antiier-cells often scarcely conspicuous. Ovary with 1 ovule in each cell, without any or with 2 minute rudimentary ones. Fruit-heads globular or ovoid, about \ in. diameter. ^V. Australia. Kiiip; Gcor;^e's Sound aud adjoiiiiui; districts, Barter, Drummond, ■)/. 151, a/id 'oth Coll. n. 171; Piciss, n. 305, Oldfield ; Phillips Ranges aud Salt river, Maxwell. Var. (?) atrornbens. Stamens dark red, longer and more rigid. la MaxwelVs collec- tiou in Ilcrb. F. Muelier. 9. B. purpurea, Lindl. SwanRic. App. 10. if. 3 A. (Manglesia, in tJie pjfile.) Brauclics virgatc, glabrous or slightly hoary. Leaves opposite, erect or sprcadiug, ovate-lanccolate to lanceolatc-linear on the main brauches, linear and decnssate on the smallcr oncs, keclcd, rigid, 3- or 5-nerved, ol)tuse or scarccly acutc, 2 to 4 lines long, thc floral oncs or bracts ovate-cordate, striatc with 7 or 9 ncrvcs, the lowcr ones excecding the calyx. Flowers ratlicr small in dcnsc globular heads, the axis soon growing out, thc rhachis touicnto^^c-viilous. Calyx-tube pubesccnt, under 1 liue long ; lobes subu- late, crcct, oftcn twicc as long as the tubc but variable in length. Petals ovate, shorter than the calyx-lobes. Stamens purple, 3 to 4 lines long, in buudlcs of 3 to 7, usually 5, thc narrow claw about as long as tiie filamcnts. Ovary with 1 pcrfect ovule in cach ccll withont any rudimentaiy ones. Fruiting-spikes ovoid, undcr \ in. long. — Scliau. in Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. xxi. 18 (_l)y misprint 14), and in PI. Preiss. i. 150. W. Australia. Swau Uiver, Drummond, \st Ccll. n. 129 ; Prelss, n. 258. 10. B. Dampieri, .-/. Cnnn. in Bot. Mag. t. 3272. A rigid straggling tortuous glal)i()us siirub. Leaves opposite, rccurvcd or very spreading, usually crowdcd and dccussate, orbicular or broadly obovate, obtuse or mu- cronuiatc, 1 to 1^- lincs long, rigid, prominently 3-n"erved besides the nerve- like margius. Flowers small in deuse globular heads, the axis soon growing ont, the rhachis glabrous or scarcely tomentose. Calyx-tube rather above \ line long, the lobes triangular, about as long as the tube.. Petals orbicu- Beau/orlia.] XLViii. myrtacej;. 109 lar, exceeding tlie calyx-lobes. Stamens pale pink, 3 to 4 lines lons;, in bundles of 9 to 15, the claw sliorter than the filaments ; outer valve of each anther-cell large and orbicuhar. Ovary not secn, the flowers examined all raales. Fruiting-calyxes usually few in the head or occasionally solitary, ovoid, thick, smooth, attaining 3 lines diamcter or even more. Seeds (not seen quite ripe) one large pertect one in eaoh cell with 2 small liard erect sterile ones under it. — Schau. in Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. 19 (by misprint 15). ■W. Australia. Sands of Sharks' Bay, Baudln s Exj)edition, Deuham ; Dhk Hartog's Island, ..^. CKnninyhaiii, Milne. Melaleuca sprenr/elioides, DC. Prod. iii. 215 ; Mem. Myrt. t. 3, appears to nie to be referable rather to this plaiit than to the Reffelia ciliata. 11. B. elegans, Sclmu. in Nov. Act. Nat. Car. xxi. 20, and in Pl. Preiss. i. 150. A rigid bushy shrub, usually ghdjrous except tlie inflorescence. Leaves opposite, erect, recurved at the end, ovate obovate or broadly oblong, acute or rather obtuse, concave, rigid, 3-nerved, 1|- to 3 lines long. Flowers (yellowish-white?) in dense ovoid or oblong spikes, the axis soon growiug out, the rhachis woolly. Calyx-tube hirsute at the base, ovoid, about f line long ; lobes lanceolate or triangular, nearly as long as the tube. Petals oval-oblong, ciiiate, often not much exceediug the calyx-lobes. Staminal bundles about 4 Hnes long, the claws narrow, exceediug the petals, each with 5 to 7 filaments about as long as the claw. Ovary with 1 large perfect ovule in each ceil and 2 minute rudimentary ones under it, sometimes qnite wanting. Fruiting-calyxes small in dense ovoid or cylindrical spikes of about ^ in. or less. N. Australia. N. W. Cape, Martin. W. Australia. Swau River, Drummond, \st Coll., 2nd Coll. n. 62 ; Granger plain, Preiss, n. 28-t. Var. minor. Leaves niostly abont 1 line lonp:. Flowers stnaller, of a deeppink, mostly in globular heads. Calyx-lobes short. — B. microphi/lla, Tnrcz. in Hull. Mosc. 1849, ii. 24 ; Drummond, n. 130, Uh Coll. n. (34 ; Point Heury, Oldjield, also the above-mentioued spe- cimen from N.W. Cape. Some specimcus are qmte intermeJiate betweeu the original form aud the smali variety, aud the latter agaiu approaches in mauy respects tiie B. micrantha. 12. B. micrantha, Schnu. in Nov. Act. Nat. Ciir. xxi. 22, and iu Pl. Preiss. i. 151. A small much-branched shrub, the branclies ofteu woolly- tomentose but concealed by the more ghibrous foliage. Leaves opposite, erect, appressed, decussate and imbricate on the smaller branches, raore dis- tant on the larger ones, ovate-triangular, rather obluse, thick, keeled, ^ to 1 line loug, attached by the broad base, but not really peltate. Fiowers small, pink, tlie males in small globular heads, the hermaphrodite in ovoid or ob- long spikes, the rhachis tomentose. Calyx-tube pubesceut, not \ liue iong ; l(jbes ovate, obtuse, concave, shorter than the tnbe. Petals ratlier longer than the calyx-lobes, ciliolate. Stamens about 2 lines long, iu bundles of 3, the claws much shorter than the filaments, and often hairy at the base. Ovary with 1 perfect ovule in each cell and 2 small rudiuientary ones behind it. Fruiting-spikes 3 to 6 lines loug, the calyxes not 1 liiie diameter, with the Iol)es usnally inflexed and persistent the first year, but at length fall- ing off as in other species. — Rcgelia adpressa, Turcz. iu BuU. Mosc. 1849, ii. 25. 170 XLViii. MYRTACi;^. [Beai/fortia. W. Australia. Slirling ranp;rs aml Konkobcrup liills towards Cape Riclie, Dmm- mond, Ath (Jull. n. C3 ; Freiss, ?/.. 236 ; Jlax/veH. Var. j)uher>(la. Leaves rather larger, imbricate, minutely pubescent, tbe keel less pro- minent. Flowers rather lartrer, with usually 5 stamciis to each bnndle. — Drummond, i/h Coll. 71. 151; h(h Coll.n. 173. Var. empetrifolia. Leavcs rather narrowcr and more spreading, \ to nearly 3 lines long. — Melaleuca empetrfolia, Keichb. lcon. Exot. ii. 1. t. 102; Beaufortia empetrifolia, Schau. in Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. xxi. 21 ; Lucky Bay, R. Brown. Melaleuca Regelii, Phinch. in Hort. Donat. 88. t. 4, niay be the same species, but it has ouly beeu described from the drawing, which gives no analysis. 25. REGELIA, Scliau. Ciilvx-tiibe ovoid or nearly globular, adnate to the ovary at the base, tlie free part ustially contracted ; lobes 5, usually deciduous. Petals 5, spread- iiig-. IStainens iiidciinite, united in 3 bundles opposite the petals, tlie fiia- uients or free parts tiiifonn ; anthers erect, the cells placed back to back and opening omwarcls in lonlal)rous except the inflorescence. Leaves erect and imbricate or sprea(liu<>:, orbicular or broadly ovate, obtuse, flat or concave, thick, 1-nerved, 1 to 3 lines long. Flovvers small (varying in colour piirple or white on the same bush, according to Oldfield) in dense globdar heads, the rhachis aud calyxes woolly. Calyx-tube f- line long ; lobes ovate-triangular, erect, shorter than the tube. Petals nearly 1 line diaraeter, ciliolate. Stamens 2 to 3 lines long, shortly uuited in chisters of 11 to 15, and all connected at the base into a complete ring. Ovules usually 3 in each cell. Fruiting- calyx when old depressed-globuhir, 2 to 2\ lines diameter, coarsely warted outside, tlie orifice very opeu, crowned by the short thicli lobes. Seeds few aud erect as in Melaleuca. W. Australia. Sand i^lains, Murchison river, Ohljleld, and apparently the sanie species, in iVuil ouly, Brummond, n. 71- 27. CALOTHAMNUS, Labill. (Billottia, CoUa.) Calyx-tube carapanuhate, adnate to the ovary at the base, the free part erect or dihited ; lobes 4 or 5, persistent or deciduous. Petals 4 or .5, spread- ing, usually scarious. Stamens indefinite, much longer than the petals, uuited in 4 or 5 bundles opposite to tliem, the filaments or free parts fili- form, tlie lower bundles of each flower souietimes reduced to a siugle sta- men, or without any authcr; anthers oblong or liuear, erect, attached by tlic base, the cells parallel and opening inwards iu lougitudinal slits. Ovary enclosed in the calyx-tube, half inferior or almost frce, the convex sumniit villous with a ceutral depression round the style, 3- or very rarely 4-celIed, with several ovulcs in cach cell, erect or ascendiug on a small placenta ; style fili- form with a small stigma. Capsule enclosed in the hardened and enlarged calyx-tube, opcuing loculicidally in 3 or rarely 4 valves. Perfect seeds few, any/ CoU. n. 53. 2. C. longissimus, F. Muell. Yragm. iii. 112. A low shrub, the thick more or less corky brauches softly but shortly pubescent. Lea\ es terete, slender but rigid, acute, 6 iu. to above 1 ft. long, glabrous but scabrous. Flowers large, 4-uierous, fcw in globuUir or ovoid more or less uuilateral spikes. Calyx-tube villous, immersed in the swoilen pubescent corky rhachis ; lobes 1 to l^ lines long. Petals fuUy 3 liues long. Stamiual buudles uuequal, the 2 up])er claws oftcn uearly 1 in. long, broad and petal-like, with 15 to 30 short fihuneuts, not so crowded at the end as in C. pachystachyus, the 2 louer chiws narrow, undivided, acute, without anthers. Fruiting-calyx en- tirely inunersed or nearly so, 2 to 3 lines long, with 2 tbick counivent lobes, the 2 others oblilerated. V/. Australia, Diummond, 2nd Coll. n. 74; ^rd Coll. n. 54. Sandy plaius near Ciijoug. Oldfichl. 3. C. blepharantherus, T. Mnell. Fragm. iii. 112. Yery closely allied to C. saiiijuuieus, (Hffering cliieliy in the sliort leaves, not terete, but niore or lcss fiattened ; they are linear, rather thick, \'m. or rarely ^ in. long. Fiowers and fruits as iu C. saiiyuiiieus, tlie two lower staminal claws as in that species, simple aud without antliers, or rarely bearing a very few fih^ments with perfect anthcrs. ^V. Australia. IMurchisou river, Oldfield. 4. C. sanguineus, LubUl. Pl. Nov. TToll. ii. 25. t. 164. A tall shrub, either hirsute witli long spreading hairs especially on the young shoots, or glabrous from the first. Leaves subuhite, terete, acute, slender, sometimes all from ^ to 1 in., sometimes 1 to 1| in. loug. Flowers 4-merous, rather iarge, uniJateral, few together or in short spikes, not at all immersed in the rhachis. Calyx-tube villous, broad, al)out \\ lines long; lobes ovate, as long as the tube, with scarious margins. Petals ovate, 2 to 3 lines loug, the 2 upper ones oftcn larger thau the lower. Staminal bundles of a rich red, about 1 in. loujr, ihe 2 upper chiws usually united into oue, but readily separating, broad, vvith very uumerous fil.uneuts, tlie 2 lower ones narrow- linear, uudivided, witliout antliers. Fruiting-calyxes ovoid or abiiost globu- lar, very tliick aud woody, quite smootli, 4 to fi lines loug, inckuliug the thick counivent lobes, of whieh 2, opposite to each other, are usually hirger than the 2 others.— DC. Prod. iii. 211 ; Schau. in Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. xxi. 24, aud in Pl. Preiss. i. 151 ; C. eriocarpus, Liudl. Swan Kiv. App. 9. W. Australia. Cu-ographe Bay, LaliUardiere ; Kiiig George's Sound to Vasse and Swau rivers, Baxler ; CoUie ; Dmmmond, \st CoU. and n. 127, 128; Pieiss, n. 214, 216, 219, 220, 221 ; aud others. — The authers in this and some of the allied species are iiiore or less ciliate, aud the divisiou hetweeu the cells is often so narrow as to make the anlher appear 1-celicd. Caloihamnns.] XLViii. myrtace.e. 175 5. C. torulosus, Svltan. in Nov. Act. Nai. Ciir. xxi. 35, aiid iu Pl. Preiss. i. 152. Closely resenibles tlie longer-leaved fornis of C. saiiguiheus, and inay be a variety. Leaves slender, erect, terete, about l^ in- long. In- florescence of C. sarigiiiiwiis. Cahx ]'ather more open, with a short tube and longer lobes, the 3 upper staniiiial bundles inore separate, each with very numerous fihTiuents, the 3 lower claws, although very narrovv, bear a fevtr filameuts. Fruiting-calyxes harger thau iu C. saiujninens, of"ten 6 liues long without the lobes, very thick, with thick conuivent lobes, of which two larger than the others, as in C. sangidneiis. W. Australia. Cape Naturaliste, 0/c^eW; S\\&\iM\\'tr,I)rummond,\sl CoU. ; foot of iJarling liaiige, Preiss, n. 2] 2. Var. (?) leptophtjUa. Leaves slender, 2 to 4 iu. long. Onlv seen in fruit. Drummond, w. 32a?;rummon,d, \st Coll., and n. 117 ; Preiss, n. 294, 295, 290 ; Touc uud Gordou rivers, Oldfield. 4. E. ebracteata, F. Muell. Fragm. ii. 29. A low bushy shrub, the branclKs aud young lcivcs more or less hirsute. Leaves lincar, obtuse or scarcely acute, not pungcnt, 3 to 4 liues long. Flowers rather largc, 2 or 3 together, sessile at the cnds of the branches, becoming lateral by the elouga- liou of the shoot. Bracts scale-like but few, small, and very deciduous, so as to b(; rarely seen. Calyx-tube villous, rather narrow, nearly 2 liiics long ; h)bes broadly-triaugular or shortly acuminate, scarcely more than ^- line loug. Pclals about 2 lines diamctcr. Stameus very numerous, nnited into 5 flat bundles, the claws nearly as loug as the filaraents. Ovary convcx ; sligma acute. Fruiting-calyx suiooth,fulIy 4 lines long, the capsule filling thc tubc. Seeds when j)erfcct bordcred by 2 to 5 longitudinal very transparent wiugs ; cut.yledons vcry broad aud folded Icngthwise so as to erabrace each other. W. Australia. Murchisou river, Oldfiield, Drummond, &th Coll. n. 78. 5. E. beaufortoides, Beuth. Apparently a straggling shrub, the youug t;hoots niorc or Icss hirsute, at length nearly glabrous. Leaves re- curvcd or spreadhig, broadly ovatc, acute, rigid, 3- or 5-uerved, 2 to 3 lines loug. Flowers rathcr large, usually 2 to 4 togcther at the ends of the branches, the ind)ricate scale-like bracts much shorter than the calyx and very dcciduous. Calyx narrow, much wrinklcd and apparcntly viscid, about 3 liucs long, lobes tnangular, acutc, about 1 liuc long. Petals fuUy 2 lines diamcter. Stamcns vcry nnmcrous, more or lcss united at the base, but scarcely forniing rcgular buiullcs. Ovary convex on the top. Fruiting- calyxcs ovoid or cylindrical, truucate, thick aud very smooth, 6 lines loug and about 4 lines diamctcr. Capsule much shortcr thau the calyx. W. Australia. Betweeu Moorc aud ^Murehison rivers, Drummond, QiA Cotl. n. 79. SuiJTiiiBE 4. Euc.\LYi'TK^. — Lcavcs opposite or alternate, coriaccous, usually largc. Flowcrs usually 3 or more, in umbels, sometimes reduced to lieads or vcry r.ircly in cymes or solitary, thc coinmon pcduncles axillary or in a tcrmiiKil corymi) or i^anicle. Calyx truncatc, cntirc or rcmotclv toothcd. XLVIII. MYKTACEJE. 183 Petals attachetl by a broad base, disliiict or consolidated iuto au operculum. Stameus indefinite, in several series, free or obscurely united iiito 4 bundles ; anthers various. Ovules iudefinite in each cell. Embryo with the cotyledons longer than the radicle and often folded over it. 29. ANGOPHORA, Cav. Calyx-tube tiirbinate-campanuhite, aduate to the ovary at tlie base, the free part broad aud open, 5-aug;led, truucate, with 5 small distiuct teeth. Petals 5, attached by their broad base, herbaceous aud aristate, with coloured mar- gins, much imbricate in the bud, spreadiug and separately deciduous. Sta- mens numerous, free, in several series, fiiaments filiform ; anthers versatile, the cells parallel, opeuing longitudiually. Ovary inferior, tlie flat suramit glabrous, 3- or 4-celled, with many ovulcs in each cell, ascending on a peltate phicenta ; style subulate, with a capitate stigma. Capsule enclosed in and adnate to the hardened truncate persistent calyx-tube, openiug loculicidally in 3 or 4 valves. Perfect seeds (wliere kuown) 1 iu each cell, large, broad, very flat, peltately attached on the iuner face ; testa tliin ; embryo straight ; cotyledons thiu, flat, or fokled over each other at the edge, deeply cordate, the radicle slightly clavate, scarcely protruding beyond the lobes of tlie coty- ledous. — Trees or shrubs, usually giaucous, pubesceut or hispid Avith bristly hairs. Leaves opposite or here and there alternate, coriaceous, penniveined. Flowers in umbel-like cymes arranged in terminal corymbs. Bracts exceed- ingly deciduous. The genus is limited to Eastern Australia. It is very nearly allied to Eucali/ptus, the petals siniilarly truncate at the base, but not couuate, aud the calyx-teeth although small are more promiueut than in auy Encali/ptus. Leaves mostly or all sessile and cordate at the base. Bark smootli aud deciduous. riowers rather large, not numerous. Calyx-tube about 3 lines \. A. cordifolia. Bark rough aud persistcut. Flowers small and numerous. Calyx- tube about 2 liiies long 2. A. sulvelutina. Leavcs petiolate, lanceolate, not cordate. Bark roughand persisteut. Flowers small aud uumerous. Calys-tube about 2 Iines long 3. J. iniermedia. Bark smooth and deciduous. Flowers rather large, not very nnmerous. Calyx-tube about 3 lincs long 4. A.lanceolata. 1. A. cordifolia, Cav. /c. iv. 21. ^. 338. A tall shrub or small tree, more or less pubesceut with mirmte rigid hairs or glaucous, tlie smaller branchlets aud infloresceuce hispid with bristly often reddish hairs, the older bark smooth aud falbug ott" in hirge flakes. Leaves ovate or obloug, mostly obtuse, nearly sessile and deeply cordate with rouuded aurich^s, 2 to 4 in. loug, ghxbrous aud shiuiug above, ghuicous or pubesceut uuderneath. Flowers ratiier large, 4 to 6 in eacli umbel, formiug a rather dense termiual corymb. Calyx-tube 3 lines long aud opening out uearly flat to | iu. diaraeter. Petals acutely acumiuate, 3 to 4 lincs diamcter. Fruitiug-calyx very hard, often f in. broad at the top, and as rauch in leugth. — DC. Prod. iii. 222 ; Metrosi- deros hispida, Sui. in Trans. Liuu. Soc. iii. 267, and Exot. Bot. t. 42; Bot. Mag. t. 1960 ; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 106 ; M. hirsuta, Andr. Bot. E,ep. t. 281; 184 XLViii. MYRTACEii;. [Jnffophofa. M. anomala, Vent. Jaid. Malin. t. 5 ; M. cordifolia, Pers. Syn. Pl. ii. 25 ; Eucah/ptuH hirsuta, Link, Euum. Hort. Berol. ii. 31. N. S. 'Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown, Sieber, n. 971, aud others. 2. A. subvelutina, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 31. A tree attaining a consi- dcrable size witli a rougli persisteut bark as in A. intermedia, of which F. IMueller now thiuks it inay be a variety. Poliage and young shoots glaucous or uiiinitely pubescent, with often a few bristles on the flowering branches and iulloresccnce. Leaves sessile or nearly so, ovate or ovate-knceolatc, raostly acute, all (exceptiug rarely the upper ones) cordate at the base with rouuded auricles as in A. cordifolia, 2 to 4 iu. long, the veins numerons but not usiially so much so nor so fine as in A. intermedia. Flowers sraall, in loose corynibs, precisely as iu A. intermedia. Fruiting calyxes 3 to 4 liues dianieter. — A. velutina, F. Muell. Fragm. iv. 170. Queensland. Brisbane, Burnett, and Bojd rivers, F. Mueller. KT. S. 'Wales. Grose river, R. Broivn; Paraniatta, Cayley, Woolh (the inflores- cence uiore 1>rist]y than usual) ; Clarence and Macleay rivers, Beckler. 3. A. intermedia, BC. Frod. iii. 222. A tree attaining a consider- abh; size with a rough persistent fibrous bark, quite glabrous or slightly pubescent, or rarely with a few bristles on thc iuflorescence Leaves distiuctly petiolate, lanceolate or sometimes ovate-lauceolate, acutely acumiuate, 2 to 4 in. long, or eveu more iu sonie specimens. Flowers rather small, in loose oorynibs or trichotomous panicles. Calyx usually iibout 2 lines long and 3 lines diameter at the top, but sometimes rather larger, the 5 ribs very prorai- uent aud the secoudary oues also conspicuous ; the teeth shortly subulate, rarely lialf as long as the tnbe. Fruitiug calyx 3 to 4 lines diaraeter at the top aud about as long. — Metrosideros Jiorihunda, Sm. in Trans. Liun. Soc. iii. 267 (not of Ventenat). Queensland. In the iuterior, MiteheU. Tir. S. Wales. Grose river, R. Brown ; Port Jackson, Cayley, WooUs, and others ; northwaid to Clarcuee river, Beckler, and New Eugland, C. Stuart ; southward to Twofokl bay, /•'. Mii.rUer. Victoria. iMouth of the Genoa river, F. MueUer. 4. A. lanceolata, Cav. Ic. iv. 22. t. 339. A tree of considerable size, the bark deciduous in hu-ge smooth flakcs as in A. cordifolia ; branches and foliagc ghibrous and scarcely glaucous, or rarely a few bristles ou the iuflores- cence. Leaves distinctly pcliohitc, lanceoh-ite, acuminate, mostly 3 to 5 iu. long, coriaceous, with nunicrous fiue parallel pinnate veins. Flowers in rather dense terminal corymbs or sliort paniclcs, larger and more deuse than in A. intermedia, rathcr smalier than iu A. cordifolia. Calyx usually about 3 lines long and 4 liucs broad at the top, the teeth very rainute or \it auy rate shorter and thicker tliaii iu A. inlermedia, and the secondary ribs often very short or (pntc inconspicuous. Fruiting calyx usually thick and very smooth. — UC. Prod. iii. 222; Melrosideros cosiata, Gtertn. Fruct. i. 171. t. 34. f. 2 ; M. lanceolata, Pers. Syn. l'h ii. 25 (not the sp. with tlie same name 1. e. 26); M. apoci/nifolia, Salisb. Prod. 351. Queensland. Burnctt river, /". MneUer ; Boyd river, Ilerb. F. MueUer ; Moretou bay, C. Slnart. "• S. Wales. Porl Jaeirgala, and pcrhaps occasionally but ouly in a slight degree in some othcrs of the Renan- ///e;-^ nnd somet.mcs but rarcly in 27. E. bicolor, amongst ForanthercB, but I havc never fouud them so m auy of the other species.) EucalyptuS.'] XLVIII. MYRTACEi^. 191 Umbels all axillary or lateral. Biuls ovoicl or rarcly obovoid. Peduiicles teretc or uearly so. Flowers large, usually 3 to 5 ia the umbel. Leaves very coriaceoiis 17. -£"• leucorylon. riowers small, 4 to S in the umbel. Leaves rather thin. Buds ovoid, often acuminate. Flovvers distinctly pedicelhite 18. E. melliodora. Leaves thick, narrow, black-dotted, mostly under 3 in. long. Buds obovoid, tapering into short pedicels or nearly sessile 19. J". gracilis. Peduncles flattened. Leaves thick, long, falcate, not dotted. Buds ovoid, often acumiuate 3. ^. virgata. Upper uinbels forming a terminal corymb or panicle. Buds obovoid. Leaves thick, narrow, black-dotted, veius scaixely visible. Flowers small. Pediccls short 19. E. gracilis. Leaves rather thin, veins very oblique, often distinct. Flowers small. (Anthers usually all perfect) 27. E. bicolor, Leaves rather thick, not dotted, veins nunierous and more regular but fine, sometimes indistinct. Flowers moderate- sized or rather large, distinctly pedicellate 20. E. jianiculata. Upper umbels foruiing a tcrmiual corynibose pauicle. Buds cla- vate, tapering into a rather loug pediccl. Buds very angulax'. Operculuni often conical 20. E. paniculata. Buds not angular. Operculum very short and obtuse. Leaves very coriaceous, with oblique veins (as in E. ohliqua). Fruit pear-shaped with a broad flat rim 21. E. Jicema^toma. Leaves rather thiii, with almost transverse veius. Pruit oblong 22. E. microcorys. Series IIT. Porantlierse. — Stamens all perfect {except rateli/ in E. bicolor, and perhaps in E. polyauthcmos) ; anthers small and glohular, or hroader than long, the cells distinct, opening ia small circular pores, sometimes extending at length into oblong slits. The species are all Eastern or tropical, including most of the " Box-trees," E. uncinafa aloue extending also iuto West Australia. The leaves when narrow have always au oblique kregular venatiou. The operculum is short, and the capsule sunk in the fruit. This series passes through E. hicolor into the Heterostemones, and when fully out the anthers sometimes are very nearly those of the Micrantherce, whilst amongst Dlicrantherce there are several species, especially 36. E. albens, 38. E. siderophloia, 32. E. stricfa, aud 34. E. decipiens, iu wliich the auther-cells are so short that their slits are attirst little more than pores. Umbels few-flowered, usually several together, iu short leafless axilJary or terniiual panicles, or in terminal corymbs. O^ier- cuhmi short, obtuse. Leaves sessile, opposite, cordate or ovate. Flowers in terminal corymbose panicles 23. E. jjruinosa. Leaves orbicular or ovate, obtnse, altemate ou long petioles. riowers rathcr large, in a terminal corymbose pauicle. Calyx about 3 lines diameter 24. E. oligantha. Flowers small, mostly in short deiise axillary or termiual pauicles. Calyx not above 2 lines diameter 25. E. polyanthemos. Leavcs ovate, acute or broadly lanceolate, very coriaceous . . 20. E. Behriana. Leaves obloug or lanceolate, rather thiu 27. E. bicolor. Umbels several-flowered, oftcu soKtary in the axils, the uppcr ones in terminal corymbose panicles. Opcrculum usually couical, . about as long as the calyx-tube. Pedicels short. 193 XLViii. MYUTACEiE. \_Eucalyptus. Lcaves linear, thick, the oblique veins seldom visiblc. Umbels all axiOary 32. ^. stricta. Leavcs (of E. olliqnd) broad or falcate, very coriaceous , . . 30. E. kemiphloia. Leaves coriaceous, with numerous fine diverging veius, sorae- times iuponspicuous 38. E. siderophloia. tJmbels mostly axillary, or lateral aud solitary. Leaves ovate- lanceolate to linear. Leaves large, broad, very glaucous. Buds long and narrow. Opcrculum acuminate 36. E. albens. Leavcs lanceolatc, rigid, without black dots. Operculum short, obtuse. Filaments flexuose 28. E. odorata. Leaves usually narrow, rigid, copiously black-dotted. Operculum as long as or longer than the calyx-tube. Outer filaments slender, folded iu with an acute angle 29. -E". uncinata. (See also 85. E. corynocahjx, with the filaments of E. uncinata, but a long calyx aud longer openings to the authers.) Series IV. raicrautherse. — Anthers very small, glohular, or broader than lony, with glohular distinct cells opening in lateral slits. The spccies, with the cxception of the Western E. micranthera and E. decipiens, are all Eastern or tropical, aud iuclude most of the " Iron-barks," — one species, E. hrachypoda, exteudiug also into the west. The scries, which closcly counccts the PoranthertB with the Normales, is by no means a distinctly niarkcd oue. The anthcrs have at first sight, in their shape and small size, the appearance of the former, whilst their dehiscence is almost or quite that of the Normales. As in Poranthera, the opercuhim is short, rarely slightly longcr than calyx-tube, aud the capsule more or less sunk, although the points of the valves often protrude. Leaves all or mostly sessile, opposite and cordate 39. E. melanophloia. (See also 23. E. pruinosa, amongst PoranihercE.) Leaves of the floweriijn; branches ovate-lanccolate to linear- coriaccous, with '}l,-r. N. S. TVales. Port .Tackson, " Blue or AVbite Gum," Woolls ; lUawarra, " Black- butt," A. Cniiiiingham ; in tbe interior, " Mountain Ash " and " Spotted Gum," Macarthur. Var. micrantha. Lcaves often 6 to 8 in. long or even more, the veins less conspicuous. riowcis and fruit rnuch smaUer, but not othcrwisc diflerent. — E. micrantha, D.CL Prod. iii. 217, and Mem. Myrt. t. 5 ; Port Jackson, R. Brown, Sieher, n. 497; Pararaatta, Voolh. 22. E. microcorys, F. Muell. Fragm.. ii. 50. A tall tree with a per- sistent furrowed filjrous bark {F. Mueller). Leaves mostly ovate-hxnceolate or broad hmceohite, acuminate, straight or vcry unequal at the base, about 3 to 4 in. long, not very thick, the veins veiy divergent and fine but prominent and not close. Pechmeles axillary or in short terminal corymbs, terete or somewhat angular, compressed, i to 1 in. long, each withabout 4 to 8 flowers. Buds clavnte, short but tapering into tliiek pedicels of 2 to 3 lines. Calyx-tube short, with the free part nuich dilated, about 2 lines diameter. Opercuhun much sliorter than the calyx, broad, flat, very obtuse or slightly umbonate. Stamens inflected in the bud, the outer ones about 3 hnes long, anantlierous or with small abortive anthers, the inner ones much shorter and FAicalyptas.'] XLviii. myrtack^. 213 perfect ; anthei-s small with diverging at length confluent cells. Ovary flat- topped. Fruit obovoid-cblong, contracted at the orifice, tapering at the base, about 3 lines long and scarcely 2 lines diameter, the rim narrow, the capsule sunk. Queensland. Brisbane river, F. Mueller ; Saudy-inouut Range, towards Brlsbane, Leiclihardf. N. S. 'Wales. N.W. interior, Fraser ; Hastings river, Beckler. The species lias the flowers nearly of E. luemastoma, with a differeutly-shaped fruit, and the foliage almost of E. marginata. Sekies III. PoRANTHEK^. — Stamcns all perfect, except rarely in B. hicolor and perhaps in E. polyanthemos ; anthers small and globular or broader than long, the ceUs distinct, opening in terminal or more or less lateral cir- cular pores, sometimes extending at length into oblong slits. 23. E. pruinosa, Schan. in Walp. Rep. ii. 926. A tree with a per- sistent whitish-grey rough and fissured bark {F. Mueller), the foliage often glaucous or mealy-wliite. Leaves sessile, opposite or nearly so, very rigid, orbicular-cordate, ovate or oblong, obtuse or rarely almost acute, mostly 2 to 4 in. long. Umbels 3- to 6-flowered, on short peduncles in a terminal corymb or rarely in the upper axils. Pedicels terete, nearly or quite as long as the calyx-tube. Calyx-tube 2 to 3 lines diaraeter, not angled, more or less tapering into the pedicel. Operculum hemispherical or shortly conical, more or less acuminate, rarely as long as the calyx. Stamens 2 to nearly 3 lines long, inflected in the bud ; anthers very small and globular, with dis- tinct parallel cells, opening in very short slits or circular pores. Ovary slightly convex in the centre. Fruit from ovoid-truncate to almost cylindrical, 3 to .5 lines diameter, scarcely or not at all contracted at the orifice, the rim narrow, the capsule slightly sunk, the valves sometimes protruding. — F. Muell. Pragm. iii. 132 ; E. spodophylla, F. Muell. Fragm. ii. 71. N. Australia. Islands of the Gulf of Carpeutaria, R. Brown, Henne ; dry ridges ou the Victoria river and uear Sea Range, F. Mueller. Like many other species, this varies with the young brauches acutely 4-anglcd, ahnost winged, or even ou the same specimen quite terete, and very much in the size of the fiowers aud fruit. 24. C oligantha, Schau. in JFalp. Rep. ii. 926. Leaves all petiolate but very broad, orbicular or ovate, obtuse or shortly aciiminate, 3 to 4 in. long, rigidly coriaceous with prominent diverging veins, parallel but rather distant. Lhnbels 3- to 6-flowered, collected in a short terminal panicle. Peduncles terete. Calyx-tube campanulate, about 3 lines long and as much in diameter, tapering into a short pedicel. Operculura rather thick, conical, shorter than the calyx. Staniens 2 to 3 lines long, all perfect, inflected iu the bud ; anthers very small and globular, with distinct parallei cells opening in circular pores or very short slits. Fruit unknown. N. Australia. Copeland Islaud, N. coast, A. Cunningham. Until the fruit is known, the precise alliuitits of this species caunot be dctermined. It is very unlike any other one l have seeu. 25. E. polyanthemos, Schau. in TFalp. Rep. ii. 924. A tree some- tiraes smali, sometinies attaining 40 to 50 ft., with an ash-grey persistent rough and fuiTowed bark {F. MneUer). Leaves on lathcr long petioles. 214 XLViii. MYHTACEiE. [^Efucalyptus. broadly ovate-orbiciilar or rliomboulal, obtuse or rarely shortly acuminate, mostly under 3 in. long, passing in okler trces into ovatc-lanceolate obtuse and 3 in. lon»- or more, rather rigid with fine diverging auastomosing veins, tlie intraniarginal oncs distant from the edge. Umbels of 3 to 6 small flowers, shortly peduncuhite and usually several together in short obloug or corymbose panicles in the upper axils or at the ends of the branches. Pedi- cels rardy longcr than the calyx-tube and sometimes very short. Calyx- tube 1 to Ij lines long. Operculuui obtusely conical or ahnost hemi- spherical, nearly as long as the calyx-tube. Stauiens 1 to 2 liues long, all perfect or rarely a few of the outer ones anautherous ; anthers small, with gh)bnhu- distinct cells, opening iu rouud pores. Ovary iiat-topped. Fruit turbinate, in some specimens 3 lines diameter, in otliers not 2 liues, not cou- tracted at thc oritice, tlie rim narrow, the capsule sunk. — E. popMlifoUa, Hook. Tc. Pl t. 879; E. populnea, F. MueU. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 93. N. Australia. Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown. Queensland. !5urdekiii, Mackeiizie, aud Dawsou rivers, F. MuelJer ; "Wide Bay, Bklwill. N. S. 'Wales. Georue River, iJ. Broivn ; Goulburn Plaius aud flat country near Bathurst, and thc Lachlau river, " Bastard Box," A. Cunuingham. Forest-laud of the in- terior, Caleij ; Ncpean river and Mudgee Road, "Bastard Box," aud " Lignum Vitse," Wonlh ; also in Leichhardf s ftf^v^vMww. Victoria. Ovens river, F. Mueller. 'rhe tropical spccinicns to which, from thc charactcr given, bdongs E. Baueriana, Schau. iu Walp. Kcp. ii. 924, have geuerally smaller flowers and fruits than the southern oues, but do not othcrwise diffcr. 2G. E. Behriana, F. Muell. ; Miq. in Ned. Kruidk. Arcli. iv. 139. A tall shrub or small trce {F. Mueller). Leaves from ovate to ovate-Lanceohite, rarely lanceolatc, mostly acute or acuminate, rarely above 3 in. long, thick and smooth, tlie tine very ol)lic(ue veins scarcely conspicuous, the intra- marginal one at some distance from the edge, Peduucles short, terete or slightly auguhir, with few rather small sessile flowers, the unibels generally sevcral together formiug short oblong or tliyrsoid panicles terminal or in tlie uppcr axils or severalof these togetherin a compouud terminal panicle. Buds obovoid. Calyx not 2 lines long, raore or less attenuate at tlie base. Oper- culum short, heuiisphcrical, obtuse or scarcely umbonate, the outer mem- branous oue often still persistent in the advanced bud. Stamens all perfect, not 2 lines long, anther-cells small, globular, opeuing in circular pores, rarely at length contluent. Ovary tlat-topped. Pruit obovoid-globular, truncate, about 2 lines diameter, the rim flat, the capsule slightly sunk. Victoria. Bacchus Marsh, Avoca river, and Piue Forcst, F. Mueller. Yiir. purp/iraxrens, F. Mucll. Flowers larger. Peduudcs and calyx ongular, the latter fully 2 lincs loug. Operculuin obtusdy couical, but shorter thau the calyx-lobe. Stamens purpHsh. — Lake Wangaroo, Wilhelmi. 27. E. bicolor, J. Cunn. Herh. ; Ilook. in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 390. vV large slirub or sometimes a tree of 30 to 40 ft., with a persistent asli-grey or blackish bark {F. Mueller, A. Cunnincjhavi), or a tall tree with a smooth white bark {Balluchy) . Leaves lauceolate, uarrow or rarely passing into ovatc-lanccolatc, mostly 3 to 4 in. but soraetiraes 5 or 6 in.long, not very thick, oftcn glaucous or pale colourcd. the vcins iiue, oblique, not close, the EucalyptuS^ XLVIII. MYUTACEiE. 215 margiual oiie at a distance froin tlie edge and sometimes very promiiient towards the base of the leaf. Flowers small, aboiit 3 to 8 together on short pedimcles, the nrabels forming nsiiallv axillary or termiual pauicles shorter thau the leaves. Pedicels shorter thau the calyx. Calyx-tube turbinate, nearly l^ lines long. Operculum rather thin, hemispherical, obtuse or uiu- bonate, shorter thau the calyx-tube. Stameus 1 to 2 liues loug, all perfect or occasioually a few of tiie outer ones without authers ; authers small, with 2 small globular cells opeuiug in rouud pores or short oblong slits. Ovary flat-topped. Fruit gloljular-truucate or pear-shaped, about 2 liues diameter or rarely nearly 3, contracted at the oritice, the rim ratlier broad, flat or de- pressed ; the capsule somewhat depressed. — P. Muell. iu Jouru. Linu. Soc. iii. 90; E. pendula, A. Cuuu. in Steud. Nom. Bot. ed. 2; E. largijioreus, F. Muell. in Trans. Vict. Inst. i. 34 aud Pragm. ii. 58 ; E. hcBmastoma, Miq. in Ned. Kruidk. Arch. iv. 130, as to the Murray specimens, not of Sm. Queensland. Port Denison, Ballach/. N. S. TVales, Port Jackson and Williams river, R. Brown ; Baulkham hills, " Iron- bark," Caleij ; on the Maranoa, S. of St. George's Bridge, "Bastard Box," Mitchell ; in the interior, A. Cunninf/Jiam ; from the Darling to the Barrier range, Victonan E.rpedition. Victoria. Rlallee scrub, near the Avoca and generally iu the N.W. portion of the colony, " Bastard Box," F. Mueller, and others. S. Australia. Scrub near the Murray and thence to St. Vincent's Gulf, F. Mueller, and others ; Three-Well river, Waterhouse, with rather larger flowers. Var. parvifora, F. Muell. riowers much smaller. Stamens not 1 line long. — Burdekia river, F. Mueller. The southern and desert specimens have rather thicker leaves than those frora Queensland, but I can tind no other difference. In all there are occasionaUy 2 or 3 flowers ou the speci- men twice the size of the others, with the stamens elongated and anantherous, perhaps owing to some iusect. The spccies diifers from E. poli/anthemos in its uarrow leaves and irom E. odorata in infloresceuce. 28. S. odorata, Belir hi Lirmfea., xx. 657. A small or moderate-sized tree with a dark grey rough persistent bark {F. MueUer). Leaves hiuceo- late, usually narrow, but sometiraes broad, rarely above 4 in. loug, rather rigid, the veins oblique and sometiraes very much so, aud uot close, the iutra- margiual one at some distance from the edge. Pedunch>s mostly axillary, ratlicr thick aud short but scarcely angular. Pedicels sometimes scarcely any and rarelv as long as the calyx-tul)e. Calyx-tube campauulate, about 2-|^ liues long and as much iu diameter. Operculum hemispherical or obtusely couical, shorter thau the calyx-tube. Stameus 2 to 3 liues long, all perfect, very flexuose aud slightly inflected in the bud ; authers very small, with globular distiuct cells, opeuing in pores or short oblong slits. Ovary flat- topped. Fruit obovoid-truncate, about 2 lines diameter, slightly coutracted at the orifice or almost urceolate, taperiug at the base, the rim not broad; thc capsule deeply sunk. — F. Muell. Fragra. ii. 66, and Pl. Vict. Suppl. t. 17 ; Miq. in Ned. Knudk. Arch. iv. 129 ; E.jwrosa, Miq. in. Ned. Kruidk. Arcb. iv. 132 ; E. cajnputea, Miq. 1. c. 126. S. Australia. Hills chiefly calcareous near Flinders Ranges and towards Spencer'3 and St. Vinccufs gulfs, " Peppermint tree" and " Red Gum," F. Mueller. Some specimens bcar much resemblauce to E. melliodora, but have thc thicker leavesand the anthers all perfect and nearly globular of E. odoruta, they are not in fruit. \o.r.floribunda. lufloresceuce occasionally compound, counccting the species in sorae 216 xLviii. myktacea;. [Encali/plus. incasure wilh /:'. Ijicu/ur, biit thc foliagc and shape of tlic flowcrs aud fruits are rather those of E. odorata. Victoria. On tlie Yarra, T. Miieller. 21). E. uncinata, Turcz. iu Bull. Mosc. 1849, ii. 23. A tall slinib, with a smooth rcd or asli-grey bark, coiinng off iii coriaceous plates {Okl- field). Leaves narrow-lanceolate or lincar, iisually under 3 in. tliick, tlie very fine veins scarcely visible, distant and rather oblique, but not so niuch so as in E. gracilis, always conspicuously bhick-dotted, especially underneath. Pe- duncles axillary, rather short, terete or scarcely flattened, bearing each an umbel or liead of about 6 to 8 small flowers. Buds ovoid or oblong. Calyx- tube about \\ lines long, sessile or tapering into a short pedicel. Opercii- lum obtusely conical or acuminate, as long as or rather longer tlian the calyx- tube. Stamens about 2 lines long, all perfect, t.he fihiments slendcr and in- flected with an acute angle, as in E. corynocalyx and E. (tecurva ; anthers very small, nearly globiilar, with contiguous celis opening in terminal pores. Ovary flat-topped. Capsule globuLar-truncate or pyrilbrm, 2 to nearly 8 lines diameter, contracted at the orifice, the rim concave or at length nearly flat, the capside sunk, but tbe valves often acuminate by the split base of the style, and then tlu; subuhite tips protruding. — E. leptophylla, Miq. in Ned. Kruidk. Arch. iv. 123 ; E. oleosa, E. Muell., Miq. 1. c, 127 ; T. Muell. Fragm. ii. 56 (partly). N. S. 'Wales. In the Euryaleaii scrub of the iuterior, Fraser ; desert of the Murray and Darliim, Ilerb. F. MiieUer. Victoria. Wininiera and dcsert of the IMurray, Dallachj, F. Mueller. S. Australia. Ciawler Town, Behr ; ]\lurray desert, F. Mueller. "W. Australia. PIantaa;euet and Stirliiig ranges and easlward to Capc Riche, Ma.r- K-ell, IJarveff, Drummond, 'Srd Coll. n. 6G ; Murchisou river, Oldjield (mostly with very narrow leaves). Var. latifolia, W. Australia, Drimmond, Uh CoII. n. 76. Var. (?) tnajor. Fiowers larger, contracted into very short tliick pedicels, the peduncles more flatteiied. Fruit rather Inrger, scarcely contracted at the orificc, the rini broader aud flattrr, the valves not acuminate. — ^lnrchison rivcr, Oldjield. Var. rostrata. Flowers niore distinctly pedicclhitc, thc opereulnm aeuminate aud longcr than thecalyx. — Phillips Range, Ma.vwell ; iMurchison river, Oldfield, also Brummond , hth Coll. n. 186. The spccics has much the habit of E. f/racilis, but is very dilferent in stameus and fruit. It is also somelimcs very uear E. micranthera, but diflers in*lhe stamcns. The young plant has somctimrs scssile ovatc o|)posite ktives. 30. E. hemiphloia, F. Muell. li ujm. ii. 62. A tall tree, sometimes reduccd to a shrub. Leaves ovate-lai\(eoIate or hmceoLite, falcate or ncarly straight, about 3 to 5 in. long, tliick jud rigid, with very oblicpie distant veins, ahnost as in E. obliqiia aiul E. hmuastoma. Pedinicles slightly anguLnr, a])out 4- to 8-flowered, the umbcls mostiy forming short terminai panicles, although the fruiting ones are usually Literal belo>v the leaves. Calyx- tube 2 to 2i lincs long and scarcely so nuich in diamcter, tapering into a short tliick pedicel or almost sessih;, Opcrcidum conical, acuminate, as long as tlie calyx-tidjc or rarely shorter and luore obtuse. Stamens pale- coloured, about 2 lines long or rather more, all i^erfect, iutlected in the bud ; auihcp vcry small, globular, thc cclls distiuct, but opeuing in pores rather tbau ni slits. Ovary rathcr decp, slightly conical or convex iu the centre. Eucali/ptns.'] ' XLviii. myktace.e. 217 Pruit ovoid-obloiig-, about 3 to 4 lines loug-, truncate and sliglitly contracted at tlie orifice, very smooth, the rina narrow, the capsule deeply sunk. Queensland. Moreton Bay, " Box-trec," F. MueUer. 3Xr. S. '^Vales. Parainatta, " Box-tree," Woolls. S. Australia. Meiiiory Cave and Kangaroo Island, R. Brown ; rort Lincoln, Wil- helmi. This species lias the foliage of E. ohliqua and of E. hcemastoina, bnt the anthers and fruit are quite ditferent. In Brovvu's S. Australian specimens the leaves are smaller, but iu Wil- helmi's theyare the same as in tlie northcrn ones, and I can fitid no character to distiiiguish them. Both R. Brovvn and F. Mucllcr had given them the ;\1S. nanie of ii". piirpurascens. Var. (?) parviflora. Flowers considerably smaller, Mount Elliott, " Iron-bark," Fdzalan. Spccimens in Leichhardt's coUection, markcd " Box," from the rauge bchind the Couda- miue, appcar to be the sanie with rather louger vcry angular flowers. Series IV. MiCEANTHER^. — Anthers very sinall and globular or broader than long, ahnost as in the Forantliertp^ but opening in more oblong or lon- gitudinal slits, alraost as in the Normales, the cells niore distinct than in the Forantherce, less so than in the Normales. 31. S. cneorifolia, BC. Prod. iii. 230, and Mem. Myrt. t. 2,from the cliar. and fc/. A shrub or small tree, of 6to 10 ft. {F. MnelJer). Leaves from narrow-linear to oblong-lanceolate, straight or rarely falcate, mostly under 4 in. long, thick, with the fine diverging veins scarcely ever visible. Peduncles short, terete or scarcely angular, each with a head of 4 to 8 flowers, closely sessile or obscurely pedicellate. Calyx 2 to 2^ lines long, rather thick but not angular. Operculum hemispherical, mucli shorter than the calyx-tube. Stamens about 2 lines long, infiected in the bud ; anthers very sniall, nearly globuhir, with distinct parallel cells. Fruit pear-shaped or nearly globuhir, about 3 lines diameter, contracted at the orifice, the rim rather thick, fiat or slightly convex, the capsule more or less sunk, but tlie valves often slightly protruding. — E. santalifoHa, F. Muell. in Trans. Vict. Inst. 35, partiy. Victoria? Dense scrub on Mount Uscful, F. Mueller, specimens in fruit only, aud thcrefore doubtful. S. Australia. Beyond Salt's Crcek, aud near Port Lincoln, F. Mueller ; Kaugaroo (or Dccrcs) Island, R. Broivn, Baudins Expedition, Waterhouse. This comes uear to some narrovv-leaved forms of E. duinosa, but the fruit is quite ditferent, nearer to that of E. oleosa, and the anthers are very much smaller. The large-fruited spccimens, originally scut by F. Mueller and described by jNIiquel as L. santalifolia, beloug to a distiuct spccics of the Pienantherce, for which I have retaiued the name. 32. E. stricta, Sleb. in BC. Prod. iii. 218. A shrub or small trce, the bark stringy (IFooIls), Leaves linear-hxnceohite or linear, straight or falcate, obtuse or acurainate, moslly 2 to 4 in. long, very thick and shining, the ap- parently oblique and distant veins very rarely visible. Pcduncles sliort, slightly angular or terete, each with about 4 to 8 shortly pediceliatc small flowers. Buds ovoid. Calyx not 2 lines diameter ; operculum hemispherical and mucronate or conical, not longer than the calyx-tube. Stamens not above 2 lines long, inflected in the bud ; anthers very sraall and globuLar, with distinct parallcl cells, opcning at first in round pores which extend into oblong slits. Pruit ghjbose-truncaie, smooth, 3 to 4 lines diameter, con- 218 XLviii. MYRTACE.a:. [Eucali/ptus. tracted at thc oritice, tlie riiu narrow, the capsule sunk, the valves iiot pro- trucling. — DC. Meni. Myrt. t. 8 (tbe anthers incorrcct) ; E. microphylla, A. Cunn. in Fiekl, N. S. Wales, 350 (partly) ; E. CuniiuKjhamii, G. Don, Gen. Syst. ii. 821 (partly). N. S. Wales. Port Jackson or Bluc ^Mountaiiis, .SiVi^;-, n. 472 ; forms brushes in the elcvatcil parts of ihe Hluc Mountains,^:/. CnnnhKjham, WooUs. Some specimens, eonfounded with it by A. Cuniiinghani, beloiig to the narrow-lcaved form of E. stellulaia, in whieh the veins are sometimes inconspicuons, but which is readily distinguislied by the shape of the buds, the reuiform anthcrs, etc. 33. E. micranthera, F. Muell. Ilerh. A shruh, of 6 to 10 ft., with a sraooth bark {Maxwell). Leaves oblong-lanceoLate, acuminate or almost ob- tuse, 2 to nearly 4 in. long, veiy thick and smooth so as wholly to conceal the veins. Peduncles very short, often flatteued, with 8 to 6 fiowers like those of E. uncinata or E. oleosa, but larger. Calyx-tube turbinate, 2 to nearly 3 lines long, tapering into a very short thick pedicel or ahuost sessile. Oper- culura very obtuse aiul shorter than the calyx-tube. Stamcns iutiected, some- times almost as acutely so as in E. corynocalyx and E. uncinala, Init tlie fila- ments uot so tiue and the anthers very minute, with parallel contiguous cells. Ovaiy flat-topped. Fruit globose-truucate, 4 to 5 liiie? diameter, somewhat contracted at the orifice, the rim broad, fiat or slightly concave, the capsule vcry slightly siiuk. W. Australia. Saudy hummocks, from Israelitc Bay to Eyre's Rclief, MaxweJl. Possibiy a form of E. unclnala, but both the operculum aud the stamens appear different. 34. E. decipiens, Endl. in Ilueg. Enum. 49. Varies from a shrub of 6 to 8 ft., to a small or cven a large tree, attaining 60 to 70 ft., with the bark rough and persisteut (Oltl/ield), fragile, soft and spongy {Maxwell). Lcaves ovatc, ovate-lanccolate or lanceolate, acumiuate, rarely exceedin"- 4 in. and oftcn umh^r 3, rather thick, the fiue diverging vcins scarcely conspicuous ; the intramarginal one usually at a distance from the edge. Peduncles short, nujstly axillary, terete or slightly flatteued, each with a head of 6 to 12 sessile flowers. Calyx-tidje turbinatc, about 2 lincs long, thc border usually pro- niinent in the I)ud. Opercidum conical or acuminate, from a little louger to nearly twice as long as the calyx-tube. Stamens infiected in the bud ; anthers vcry small, globular, but with distinct cells, parallel or nearly so, opeuing at first iii round porcs which become at length longitudinal slits. Ovarv con^ical in the centre. Fruit broadly turbinate, pear-sliaped or globosc, truncate, 3 lines diameter or rather more, contracted at the oritice, the rim rather broad, flat or scarccly convex, the capsule more or Icss sunk, but the points of the valves nsuMlIy protruding.— Schau. in PI. Preiss. i. 129. W. Australia. Sand plains, Kaljran river, Oldfield, and eastward towards Cape Richc llarvey, lirnmmoud, 'ird Coll. Snppl. n. 14, Preiss, n. 241, all apparentlv the shrubby form; the arborescent oiie, Linicstone hil's, Swan Rivcr, and Bancstce river, on the road to Kinp George's Sound, " Kiooded Gnui," OldfivU ; swami^s about Tulbriunp lake, Ma.rwell Ihe species is allied m ils fruit to E. unciiiata aud E. oleosa, and almost intermcdiate be- tween thcni as to stauicns, diffcring from both in foliage and in the sha))e of its sessile flowers. 35. E. corynocalyx, F. Muell. Frar/m. ii. 43. A tall elegant shrub. Leavcs usually rathcr broad, ovatc-Ianccolate or lanceolate, obtuse or acumi- Eucalyptus.'] XLViii. myktace^e. 219 nate, mostly 3 to 5 in. long, tliick and coriaceous, the veins rather numcrons, oblique and often prominent, the intramarg-inal one at some distance from the G(\.^e. Peduncles nsually hxteral below the leaves, ^ to 1 in. long, terete or slightly angular, erect or spreading, eaeh with 6 to 12 or more distinctly pe- dicellate flowers. Calyx narrow-urceolate or ahnost cylindrical, 3 to 5 lines long and rarely 2 b'nes diameter, smooth or ribbed. Operculum broad and very sliort, flat or slightly umbonate. Stamens 2 to 3 lines long, the fila- nients slender and acutely inflected in the bud as iu E. uncinala ; anthers very small, globuLir, with distinct parallel cells. Ovary flat-topped. Pruit ovoid, often strongly ribbed, uearly \ in. long, contracted at tlie orifice, the rim narrow, the capsule deeply sunk. — E. dadocalyx, F. Muell. in Liunpea, XXV. 38 S ; Miq. in Ned. Kruidk. Arch. iv. 135. S. Australia. jNIarble Range, Wilhehni. 36. E. albens, Mlq. in Ned. Kruidk. Arch. iv. 138. A tree, attaining 60 to 80 ft., with a dull green persistent bark {F. Mueller), separating in smooth laminae or strips (C. Stuart), the foliage usually very glaucous or almost mealy-white. Leaves usually LT,rge, broad, ovate-lanceolate or lanceo- late, often 6 in. long or more, rigid, with oblique veins, the intramarginal one at a distance from the edge. Peduncles latei'al, rigid, scarcely flattened, sometimes f in. long, but often much shorter, bearing 4 to 8 rather large flowers. Buds long and acuminate, apparently sessile, but really tapering into short thick angular pedicels. Calyx-tube 3 to 4 lines loug and scarcely 2 lines diameter, 2-angled or nearly terete. Operculum conical, acumiuate, as loug as or rather shorter than the calyx-tube. Stamens 3 to 4 lines long, all perfect, inflected ; anthers very small and globular, with distinct parallel cells, opening at length to tlie base or nearly so. Ovary short, slightly conical in the centre. Fruit obovoid-obloug, truncate, nearly ^ in. long, the rim narrow, the capsule deeply sunk. N. S. TVales. Macquarrie river, A- Cunninr/liam ; New England, " "White Gum," C. Sti;««), not of F. Muell. N. S. Wales. Klue Mountains, Backhouse ; Euryalcan serub in the intcrior, J. Cnn- mughaiH ; Darliug doscrt, Victorian Expedition. Victoria. Mallec scrub, ncar La1 erect as in E. cornula ; aulbers oblong, with parallel cells. Ovary very convex or coiucal at tlie top. Fruit urceolate, 6 to 8 lines long Avlien full grown, about 5 liiies diameter at the top and narrower below, thc rira narrow, not proniineut, the capsule somewhat sunk but conical in tlie centre, and tlie valves protruding when open. — Schau. in Pl. Preiss. i. 128; F. Muell. Fragra. ii. 39. W. Australia. From Kalgan river aud the W. end of Stirling range eastward to Cape Iliche aud Cape Le Graud, 3laxwell ; Oldfield ; Uarveij ; Freiss, ti. 228 and 2i0 ; Bruriimond, if/i Coll. n. T-i, aho n. 152. Iii sorac of Drunnuond's aud 01dfield's specimeus the leaves are smaller and uarrower, the calys and fruit smaller, the orifice slightly coutracted, aud the very small valves scarcely protrude. 75. E. spathulata, Hook. Tc. Pl. t. 611. A shrub of 6 to 8 ft. or rather more. Leaves linear, linear-lanceolate or rarely oblong-lanceolate, straight or slightly falcate, under 3 in. long, thick and rigid so as whoUy to conceal the veins. Peduncles short, axillary or kteral, flattened but usually not very broad, each with about 4 to 6 flowers. Calyx-tube obovoid, thick, about 2 lincs long, tapering into a short thick pedicel. Operculum cylindrical, obtuse, often narrower than the calyx and about tvvice as long. Stamens erect, slightly flexuose, about 4 liues long, the border of the staminal disk inflected over the sunk ovary ; anthers oblong, parallel-celled. Style sbghtly thickened at the basc. Fruit obovoid, 3 lines or rather more in length and nearly as much in diameter, contracted at the orifice, Avhich is furtlier closed by tlie rathcr broad flat rim; capside sunk, but the poiuts of the valves some- times sh'ghtly protriiding. ■^V. Australia. Between Perth aud King George's Souud, Harvei/ ; Drummond, Zrd Coll. n. 68. Var. grandijlora. Leaves rather broade'-. Flovvers aud fruits largcr. — Phillips rauge, Maxwell. The species has much of the aspeet of tlie uarrow-lcavcd forms of E. redunca, hut in that the opcrculum is acuminate, and the stamens more or less iuflected iu the bud. SuBSERiES V. EXSEUT.E. — Peduncles axillary or lateral, or rarely the upper ones in a short terrainal corynib, teretc or slightly flattened, each with sevcral, often many, flowers usually pedicellate. Fruit globose or depressed, usiudiy more or less contracted at the orifice, the rim convex or prominent or rarely Ikt, tiie capsule-valves protrudjng beyoiid it. 76. E. pallidifolia, F. Muell. Fragm. iii. 131. A small tree with an ash-colouretl smooth bark {F. Mueller). Leaves ovate-oblong or knceolate, very obtuse and rarely 3 in. loiig, thick aud smooth, the fiue parallel veiy divergiug veins scarcely visible, the intramarginal one close to the edge. Pedunclcs axilhiry or hiteral, short, nearly teretc, with 4 to 6 nearly sessile or sliortly iDcdicelhite flowcrs. Calyx-tube short, about 2 lines diameter. Opcrculum hemisplierical or obtusely conical, shorter than the calyx-tube. Stanitns about 2 lines long, infh;cted in the bud ; aiitliers ovate with parallel distinct cells. Ovary flat-topped. Fruit obovoid-globose, 3 to 4 lines diameter, slightly contracted at the orifice, tlie rim broad, couvex, and promi- nent, the capbide not suuk, thc valves protrudiug aud sometinies acuminate by the persistent split base of the style. Eucalyptus.'] xlviii. myrtacejE. 237 N. Australia. Sandstone taWe-lantl on tlie Upper Vicloria river and Sturfs Crcek, F. Miieller. — As observed by F. Mueller, tliis resembles iu some respects E. oleosa, but the venation of tlie lcaves and the fruit are difTcrcnt. 77 ? E. pachyphylla, F. Muell. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 98. A tall shrub. Leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, abruptly acuminate, under 4 in. long, very tliick and sniooth, the fiue diverging parallel veins scarcely con- spicuous. Flowers not seen. Fruiting-unibels nearly sessile ; friiits on thick terete pedicels, nearly heniispherical, 4-ribbed, very liard and woody, f to 1 in. dianietev, the rim very broad and conically exserted, the capsule depressed helow the rira, the valves scarcely protruding. Seeds broad aud flat, bordcred by a uarrow wing. N. Australia. Sandy dcsert at Hooker's Creelc, F. Mt(e/ler. — The spccimens are in- suflficicnt to dcterniinc the afEuities of this species. In some respects thcy resemblc E. cosmophijlla and its allies, but thc fruit, the seeds, and perliaps the inflorescence are difFerent. 78. E. Oldfieldii, F. Muell. Fragm. ii. 37. A shrub of 8 to 10 ft., with a smooth ash-grey bark coming off iii layers {Olclfield). Leaves ovate- lanceoLate or lanceohite-acuminate, often falcate, niostly under 4 but some- times above 6 in. long, very thick, the veins numerous and rather obliqiie but scarcely conspicuous, the intramargiiial one near the edge, or wheu the leaf is broad, distant from it. Peduncles axillary or lateral, very short or scarcely any, eacli with 2 or 3 rather large fiowers, sessile or on very short pedicels. Calyx-tube broadly hemispherical, hard aud sniooth, about |- in. diameter. Operculum hemispherical, as long as or rather longer than the calyx-tube, usually umbonate or with a small point. Stamens dark-coloured, connivent in the bud, but only slightly inflected, showing their anthers ; anthers oblong, with distinct parallel cells. Disk forming a more or less raised ring vvithin the stamens round the flat-topped ovary. Fruit depressed-globose, 7 to 8 lines diameter, the rim very broad, at length convex and niuch raised, the capsule somewhat depressed in the centre, with the valves slightly proraiuent. TV. Australia, Drummond, ^th Coll. Suppl. n. 35 ; Murchison river, Oldfield. 79. E. pachyloma, Bentli. A shrub of 5 ft. [MuxwelT). Leaves mostly Lnnceolate or linear-lanceohnte, acumiuate, under 3 in. long, thick and rigid, the very oblique veius scarcely conspicuous, the intramarginal one at a distauce f]"om the edge. Peduncles axillary or lateral, short and thick, terete or slightly angular, each with 2 to 4 rather large Howers. Calyx-tube broadly turbinate or almost hemispherical, about 4 lines diameter, smooth and tapering into the very short tliick pedicel. Stamens pale-coloured, \ in. long or raore, slender and intlected in the bud ; anthers ovate with distinct parallel cells. Disk concave. Pruit sessile, depressed-globose, 7 to 8 lines diameter, with the very thick broad convex and raised rim of E. Oldfieldii, but without any depressed centre, the capsule not sunk, and the small valves protruding as in E. rostrata. ^V. Australia, Drummond, Mh Coll. n. 64; sand plains, Kalgan river, Oldfield ; vallcys of the Stirling range, Maxwell. 80. E. Drummondii, Benth. Leaves from ovate-oblong to lanceolate, obtuse or acuminate, under 3 in. long, very thick, with very fine close parallel veins, very diverging or almost transverse, but scarcely conspicuous, 238 XLViii. MYRTACE/T. SEucolyptus . tlie intramarginal one close to tlie edge. Peduncles axillavy or lateral, \ to \\ in. long, terete or nearly so, each bearing an utnbel of 3 to 6 rather Lirii-e flowers on terete pcdicels often \ in. long. Calyx-tube broadly heniispherical, hard and sniooth, 4 to 5 lines diaraeter. Operculuin conical, rather broadcr aud considerably longer than the calyx-tube. Stamens about \ in. long, in- flected inthebud; anthers rather sraall, ovate, with distinct parallel cells. Disk very broad, nearly flat, forming a prominent ring round the ovary, of which the obtusely conical centre protrudes about 1 or 1|^ liues above the disk at tlie time of llowering. Fruit unkuown. V^. Australia. Between Swau River and King George's Sound, Lrummond, 2ud Coll. n. 86 ; alsu hth Coll. 81. E. orbifolia, F. Muell. Fragm. v. 50. A shrub of 5 ft. {C. Harper), the foliagc nearly white or yellowish in the single small speciraen secn. Leavcs uearly orbicular, very obtuse, under 3 in. diameter, very thick and smooth, the veins irreguhir and distant but scarcely conspicuous. Peduncle axillary, terete, not \ in. long, with the scars of 5 flowers. Pedicels short and terete. (Jalyx-tube broadly hemispherical, smooth, about \ in. diameter. Operculum thick, conical, nearly twice as long as the calyx-tube. Stamens very numerous, inflected in the bud ; antliers ovate, Avith distinct parallel cells. Disk narrow round the conical summit of the ovary, which protrudes 3 or 4 lines above the border of the calyx, tapering into the short thick style. Pruit unkuown. W. Australia. Granite hills in the interior to the north of Swan river, C. Ilarper. AUhough evidcntly allied to -E. Brummondi, this appears to be specifically distinct Ijoth iii the leaves and thc parts of the flowers. 82. E. angustissima, F. Mtiell. Fragm. iv. 25. A bushy slirub of 5 ft. {Maxwell). Leavcs narrow-hnear, acuniinate or aluiost aristate, 2 to 3 in. long, the veins inconspicuous. Peduncles axilLary, very short, terete, each with 2 to 4 small flowers, only seen in bud. Calyx-tube depressed- hemisplicricnl, not 2 liues diamcter. Opercuhun very obtuse, rather longer than the calyx-tube. Stamcus iuflected iu the bud ; anthers v.ith paraUel distinct ccUs. Fruit dcpressed-globular, about 3 lines diameter, contracted at the orifice, tlic rim convex, thc capsule on a level with it, the valves worn away in the spcinmens scen. W. Australia. Toint Malcohn and cighty milcs away to thc eastward, Maxwell. 83. E. leptopoda, Benth. Branchlets slender. Leaves linear-lanceo- late, acumiuate, olleu aljove 4 in. long, not very thick but the veins iuconspi- cuous. Peduncles axiUary or hitcral, sleuder, terete or sliglitly flattcncd, bear- ing each a loosc unibcl of 10 to 15 small flowers on slender pedicels much longer than the buds. Calyx-tube broadly turbinate or almost hemisphe- rical, about l^ lines diameter. Operculum'conical, from a little shorter to a little longer than the calyx-tube and uot so broad. Stamens inflected in the bud, flexuose, not 2 lines loug ; anthers ovate or almost globose, with parallol distinct cells. Fruit dcpresscd-globular, ncarly 3 lincs diameter, the rim broad, flat or slightly couvex, the capsule not sunk", the valves protrudiug whcu open. W. Australia, Drtmmond, Uh Coll. Supp/. n. 33 and 3G, aho n. 151 and 188 of other sets. Eucalyptus.] XLViii. myrtacea. 239 In the specimens n. 188 the buds are rather larger than in the others, the peiluncles and pedicels shorter aud the fruits smaller, scarcely 2 lines diaraeter, with long prominent poiuts to the valves. 84. C cinerea, F. Muell. Herb. A moderate-sized tree, witli a whitish- brown persisteut bark, soraewhat fibroiis, the foliage more or less glaucous or mealy white. Leaves opposite, sessile, cordate, ovate or ovate-lanceoLate, obtuse or acute, mostly 2 to 4 in. long. Peduucles axiUary or in short ter- minal coryinbs, terete or nearly so, each with 3 to 7 pedicellate fiowers. Calyx broadly turbinate, about 2 lines diameter or rather more. Opercukun couical, shorter than tlie calyx-tube. Stamens 2 to 3 lines long, inflected in the bud ; anthers small but ovate, with distinct parallel cells. Ovary convex iu the centre. Fruit semiglobose or subglobose-truncate, about 3 lines dia- meter, often slightly contracted at the orifice, the rim thin, the capsule very slightly sunk but the valves protruding. N. S. Wales. Lachlau river, uear Bathm'st, A. CunningJiam ; also Lake George, Eerb. F. Mueller. F. Mueller (Fragm. ii. 70) uuites this with JS. piilverulenta, of which it may be a variety, but, as far as the specimeus go, the differences in the leaf, in the size of the flower, and in the shape of the fruit appear to be constant. It may, however, be an opposite- leaved state of E. dealbata, and possibly, as well as that species, a form of E. vimimlis. 85. E. dealbata, A. Cunn. ; ScJiau. in JFalp. Rep. ii. 924. A small stunted tree, the foliage often glaucous-white, the bark rugose or separating in scales, leaving the inner bark white and smooth (C. Stuart). Leaves from ovate to ovate-lanceolate and under 4 iu. long or sometiraes lanceolate and longer, obtuse or acute, the veins oblique and irreguhir, the intramarginal one at a distance from the edge, all usually conspicuous. Peduncles axiUary or lateral, very short and scarcely flattened, bearing each 3 to 6 flowers on short pedicels. Calyx-tube very open, about 2 lines diameter and not so long. Operculum broad, rather thin, hemispherical or conical, longer than the calyx- tube. Staniens abont 3 lines long, inflected in the bud ; anthers ovate, witli parallel distinct cells. Ovary more or less conical in the centre, tapering into the style. Fruit alraost heraispherical, about 3 lines diameter, the rim flat, tbe valvcs protruding even before they open. Queensland. In the interior, Mitchell. W. S. TVales, Rocky situations in the intcrior, A. Cunningliam ; New England, C. Stuart, also probably a speciineu in young bud of a"Box," LeicJiJiardt ; Mudgec, " River Gum," C. Moore. It is possible that this may prove to be the true E. ^allens, DC. F. IMueller thinks it may be reducible to a variety of E. viminalis. 86. E. viminalis, LaJjill. Pl. Nov. Holl. ii. 13. t. 151. Atree usually of moderate size, but soraetimes attaining a great height with a rough persis- tent bark, at least on the tmnk and maiu brauches, that of the smaUer branches often smooth aud deciduous, and sometimes the whole described as deciduous. Leaves lanceolate and more or less falcate and acuminate, 3 to 6 in. lonsr, the veins ratlier rearular, numerous and divergiua:, the intramarKinal one near the edge. Peduncles short, axillary or lateral, bearing in some spe- cimens especially southern ones always 3 flowers on short pedicels, in others 6 to 8 flowers more distinctly pedicellate, but always nmch less so than in E. rostrata. Calyx-tube turbinate or hemispherical, 2 lines or rather more in diameter. Operculum soraewhat conical and about as long as the calyx- 240 XLViii. MYKTACE^. [^Encalyptus. tubc or rarely railior longer aiul acuminate. Stamens about 3 lines long, inflectcil in tbe bud ; anthers ovate with parallel distinct cells. Ovary short, flat-toppcd. Fruit subglobose-truncate, from 3 lo 4 or 5 lines diameter, the rim ratlier broad, at first flat but if well ripened usually promineut above the bordcr of the calyx, thc capsule not sunk, the valves short horizontal or pro- truding Avlien open.— DC. Prod. iii. 218; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 134; Miq. in Ned. Kruidk. Arch. iv. 125 ; F. Muell. Fragm. ii. 64 ; E. diversifolia, Bonpl. Pl. Malm. 35. t. 13; DC. Prod. iii. 220; E. elata, Dehnh. ; Walp. Rep. ii. 1G3 ; E. viannifera, A. Cunu., and perhaps also Moodie ; Walp. Eep. ii. 163, although incorrectly described ; E. persicifolia, Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 501 (from the fig.), not of DC. ; E. grannlaris, Sieb. Pl. Exs. ; E. pilularis, DC. Prod. iii. 218, not of Sm. N. S. Wales. Port Jackson or Bhic ^rountnins, Caley, Sieher, n. 474, and Fl. Mixt. n. fiOl, anil otliers ; vcry g:encially dispersed tlirongh the coniitry bordering on Bathurst Downs, " Bhie Gum," A. Cunninghcm ; Argyle county, Backhoitse ; Exhibition woods, u. 108, Macarthir ; ncar Duck river, "Droopina; Guni," WooUs ; New England, C. Sinart ; and Camdcn, " Woolly hutt," WooUs ; also Caley (specimeus with a hemispherical calyx-tube and brond nlniost globul-ir opercnlum). Victoria. Port PhiUip, R. Brown ; in fertile districts in plains as well as in the hills, "Box-trce" and " Pcppcrmint Gnm " of Ovens rivcr, F. MneUer ; " Weeping Gum," with red and with white timbcr, Robertson. Tasmania. Port Dalrymple and Derwent river, R. Brown ; abundant throughout the isiand, ./. I). Ilooker. S. Australia. ^rcmory Cove, R. Broion ; ISIount Gambier to Rivoly Bay, Lofty and Bugle rangcs, F. Mnetler ; Kangaroo Island, B. Broum, Waterhouse, thcse specimens pre- cisely agrccing with thosc of E. diversifoUa from French gardcns, originally raised from Kangaroo Island sccds. The spccies varies very mnch in thc size and nnmber of the flowcrs, and the shape of the opercuhim. In the original Tasmanian form, common also in Victoria, the pedunclcs are mostly 3-flowered, aUhough occasionally many-flowcred specimcns occur. In the S. Austra- lian E. diversifoHa, the flowers are rather numerous in the umbel, and the fruit large. In the N. S. Walcs specimens the flowers and fruits are usnally small, the buds very smooth and shining, and the bark sometimes said to be quite smooth, probably when the rough bark has shed. E. patentiflora, F. ISIucll., is referred herc in P. Mnell. Fragm. ii. 64. The specimens dcscribcd under that name by Miq. in Ned. Kruidk. Arch. iv. 125 belong to E. metUodora. E.faJyrorum, Schlccht. in Linnrca, xx. 656, was supposed by F. Muellcr to refer to E. olliqua, owing to his stating it to be thc " Stringy-bark " of the colonists, but Behr's specimen in Herb. Sonder, communicated by Schlechtcndahl, is evidently the large-fruited form o*" E. viminalis. E. Gunnii, Miq. in Ned. Kruidk. Arch. iv. 126 (not of Hook. f.), from Streleczky rangc, Victoria, appears to be E. viminalis. 87. E. rostrata, Sdilecht. Linncca, xx. 655. A tall tree with a greyish- wliite bark, smootli aud separating in thin layers i^F. Mueller, and others), rarely persistent and roughr {F. Mneller). Leaves Lanceolate, mostly falcate aud acuniinate, 3 to 6 in. loug or even more, the lower ones sometimes ovate or ovate-hanceohitc and straight, not thick, the veins rather regular, numerous and oblique, the iutramarginal oue not close to the edge, or in some dcsert spcci- mens thick with the veins much less conspicuous. Peduncles rather short, terete or scarcely compressed, bearing eacli about 4 to 8 flowers on rather long pedicels. Calyx-tube hemispherical, 2 to 2i lines diameter. Opcrcu- lum more liemisphcrical than in E. viminalis aud "about as long as or shorter Eucalyptus.] XLViir. myktace.e. 2-H thaii the calyx witliout tbe poiiit or beak, wliich is alraost ahvavs proraiiient aiid soiuetimes rather loiig, or very rarely the whole operculuin is elongated and obtusc without any beak, but raiich shorter than in E. lerdiconiis. Stamens about 2 lines loiig, intiected in ihe bud ; anthers small, ovate, with parallel distiiict cells. Ovary short, convex or conical in the centre. Fmit iiearly globular, rarely above 3 lines dianieter, the rim broad and very promi- nent,'airaost conical," tbe capsule not suuk and the valves entirely protruding even befoie thev open. — F. Muell. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 83 ; E. longiros- tris, F. ^Nhiell.;" Miq. in Ned. Kruidk. Arch. iv. 125. N. S. Wales. Lachlan and Darling rivers to the Barrier range and Coopcr's Creek, VictoriMi and other Ej-peditions ; Ne\v Euglaud, C. Stuart ; " Flooded Guiu" of the colonists, F. Mueller. Victoria. From the Yarra to the ^Muvray, T. Mueller. S. Australia. Banks of streams, ""White Gum," Behr ; from the Murray to St. Vin- cenfs Gulf, " Red Gum," i\ Mueller, and others; Three-Well Rirer, Waterhouse ; W. of Lake Torrens, Babba(/e, in Herb. R. Br. This species, designated as " Rcd Gum" aud " AVhite Guni " by several collectors, is, as observed by F. JlueUer, very closely allied to E. viminalis and E. tereticornis. From the former it dififers iii the longer pedicels, in the operculum, and in the shape of the fruit, the rim and capsule alvvaysrauch niore exserted. From.fi'. tereticornis it is chiefly distinguished by the operculum. It has also usualiy smaller flowers aud fruits. In one specimeu froni the grauite hills between Nine-mile Creek and Broken River, Victoria, F. Mueller has ap- pended the note that the bark is pcrsisteut like that of " Box." E. acuminaia, Hook. in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 390, from the intcrior of Qneensland, ap- pears to be a variety of E. rostrata, wilh the operculum more couical and less rostrate, approachiug the var. brevirostris of E. tereticornis. 88? E. exserta, F. Muell. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 85. A nioderate- sized or sinall tree, the bark ash-l)rown, rough and fissured ontside and talling in fragments, soiuewhat fibrous inside {F. Mueller), dark iron-grey and roughish {Oldfielfl). Leaves Lanceohite, inostiy falcale and acuniinate, 3 to 6 in. loiig or soraetiines mucli more, the lower ones often ovate, rather tliick, the veins rather regular, numerous and oblique, the intramarginal one not close to the edge. Peduncles axillary or lateral, terete or scarcely compressed, bearing each 3 to 8 fiowers on distiuct often rather loug pedicels. Calyx-tube heniispheri- cal, about 2 lines diameter (or sometimes nearly 3 ?). Opercuhim hemisphe- rical or broadly conical, more or less beaked, acurainate and rather louger than the calyx-tube. Stamens about 2 liues long or rather more, infiected in the bud ; anthers ovate with parallel distinct ceils. Fruit nearly globnlar, 3 to 4 lines diameter, the rim broad and vcry prominent, alraost couical, the capsule not sunk, and the valves entirely protruding even before they o[)en. Queensland. Buruett river, F. MueUer. "^W . Australia. Murchison river, Oldfield. This is probably the saine as E. rostraia, notwthstaiiding the differences described in the bark. There may be also some confusion in Oldtickrs specimens, the larger-fiowered oncs may beloug to E. rudis, which differs in its large tlowers, shortcr jjedicels, and in the nmch larger fruit with a flat rim. 89. E. tereticornis, *S'///. Bot. Nov. IIoll. 41, a^id in Trans. Linn. Soc. iii. 284. A tall tree, witli a smooth whitish or ash-coloured bark shedding in thiu layers {F. Mueller and others). Leaves lanceolate, mostly falcate and aciirainate, often exceeding 6 in. long, tlie veins rather regular and nunie- rous and oblique as iu E. rostrata, but often rather coarser, the intramarginal VOL. III. H 242 XLViii. MYRTACEiE. [Eucalyptus. onc rathev distaut from the edge. Peduncles axillarv or hiteral, riot yery sliort, terete or aiigidar, the upper ones sometiraes formiiiu: a short paiiiole, each bcaring about 4 to 8 flowers on pedicels of 1 to o lines. Calyx-liibe turbinate, 2 to uearly 3 lines diametcr. Operculura conical, acununate, usually about -i- in. long, always much longer than the ealyx-tube and usually broader, of a rafher thm texture and smooth. Staraens often \ in. long, more or less inflected in the bud, but sometimes only very shortly so at the ends ; anthers sraall, ovate, with parallel distinct cells. Ovary nearly as long as the calyx- tube and convex or conical in tlie centre. Fruit obovoid or almost globuhir, 3 to 4 lines diameter, the rim broad and very prominent, the caj^sule not sunk, the valves protruding beyoud the rim. — DC. Prod. iii. 216; F. Muell. in Journ. T.inn. Soc. iii. 88, and Fragm. ii. 65 ; Lepiospermvm nmbeUatnm, Gfcrtii. Fruct. i. 174. t. 35; E.subulata^, k.Qxmn.; Schau. inWalp. Rep.ii.924. Queensland. Bay of lulets, Banlcs and Solander ; Broad Souiicl, Shoahvater, and Keppel Bay, R. Brovm ; Percy island, A. Cunnmgham ; Brisbane- river, Moreton Bay, A. Cvnninyham ; Port Denison, Fiizalan, Ballachy ; Rockingham Bay, " Red Guin " aud " Bluc Guiii,"' Dallachy. N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, Woolls, and others ; Clarence river, Wilcox ; Macleay and Hastings rivers, heckler ; Richmond river, C. Moore ; " Bastard Box," Woolls. Victoria. Snowy River, Mitchell river, and Provideucc ponds, F. Mueller. Var. latifolia. Lcaves ovate to lanceolate. Flowers with a strong ciuiiciiie sniell. — Shoalwatcr passage, R. Brown. Var. hrachycorys. Opcruulum niore obtuse, 3 to 4 lines long. — With the other speci- mens from Brisbane Macleay and Hastings rivcrs, frora Paramatta, and from (he Blue Mountuins. To this also probably belong the Mitchell river speciniens, iu which, however, the buds are uot fuU grown. — E. punctata, DC. Prod. iii. 217, fouuded ou Sicber's speci- mens, n. G2.S, which I liave not seen, appears from his diaguoses and from the figure Mem. Myrt. t. 4, to be the same variety with a short operculum, also described in a state of young bud. Var. brevifolia. Leaves mostly ovate or oblong, obtuse. — New England, iu very exposed situatioiis in the mouutains, C. Stuart. The comnion form with a long operculum, when in very young bud, requires some caution in distinguishing it from the rostrate varieties of E. siderojjhloia and E. resitiifera. The veuatiou of the leaf is then the best guide. SuBSERlES VI. SuBEXSERT.a;. — Pedunclcs axillary or hiteral or also the upper ones morc or less paniculate, terete or flattened, several-flowered. Clalyx-tube broad at the orifice. Fruit turbinate, the oritice not contracted, the cajjbule level or slightly sunk, the valves often protruding when open. 90. E. platyphylla, E. Muell. in Jonrn. Linn. Soc. iii. 93. A hand- some tree, with a light grcen foliage and sraooth white deciduous bark (F. Mueller). Leaves ovate or rhomboid, acuminate or obtuse, the larger ones sometimes 8 to 10 in. long and broad and almost cordate, but raostly much smaller and sometimes passing into ovate-hmceolatc, rather rigid, the veins prorainent, diverging, and anastomosing. Peduncles axillary or lateral, very short and rather thick, each with 3 to 6 or rarely moie flowers on short thick anguhnr pcdicels. Calyx-tube turbinate or nearly heraispherical, about 3 lines diamcter, the niargiu promincnt in the bud aitcr the outer opcrculura iias fallen. Operculura not tliick, heraisplierical, shorter tlian the calyx-tube. Staraens 3 to 4 lines long, all perfect, inflccted in the bud; anthers oblong, with parallel distiuct cells. Ovary flat-topped. Fruit obcouical, 4 to 5 liues EHcalyptns.'] XLViii. myrtace^,. 343 (lianieter, not contracted at the orifice, tlie rini tliick, convex and promineiit, tlie capsule nearly on a level witli it, and the valvcs shortly protruding. N. Australia. Islaiids of the Gulf of Carpeutaria, R. Brown. Queensland. Shoalwater Bay, R. Brown ; fertile pastures oii the Burdckin, F. Mueller; Percy Tsland, A. Cunningham ; Endeavour rivcr, W. IJUl ; conimou about 1'ockhanipton, Dallachij ; Broad 'S>o\vq.^, Fitzroy ; Bowen river, Bowman. E. popnlifolia, Ilook. in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 204, froni near Mount Owen, Mitchelt ; without tlowers or fruits, but with remarkably-shaped galls on the branchcs, belongs more probably to this species than to E. poli/anihemos. E. biffalerita, F. Muell. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 96, from the upper Roper river, appears to nic to be the same species, with thc outer operculum persisting tiU the bud has nearly attained its fuU size, whilst in the niajority of specinieus it faUs off at a very early stage. 91. E. alba, Rmm. in Bhnne, Bijdr, 1101. A tall tree with a pale ash-colonred rongh persistent bark (F. Mneller'), the foliageof apale ghiucous hne. Leaves from ovate-oblong and 2 to 3 in. long, to ovate-lanceolate or l)roadly lanceolate, obtnse or scarcely acununate and 5 to 6 in. long, with diverging veins and very mnch reticnhite, the iutrauiarginal vein very ucar the edge. Peduncles axiUary, terete or nearly so, short, with few pedicellate iiowers, not seen expanded. Buds sniall, ovoid, the opercuhun obtusely conical, as long as the calyx-tube. Fruit turbinate or obconical, abont 3 lines diauieter, the rim somewhat convex and rather broad, the capsule slightly depresscd, the valves exserted. — Dcne. Herb. Tim. l^escr. 126; E. tectlfica, P. Mucll. in Jonrn. Linn. Soc. iii. 93. N. Australia, Baiidin's Expedition (Herb. H. Brovvn, from Herb. Mus. Par. inarked " Cote occidentale," but as in other plaats froui the same expeditiou probably in error) ; grassy valleys, INlacartbur river, Gulf of Carpentaria, F. Miteller. The Tiraor s])eciniens from the Herb. Mus. Par. in Herb. R. Brown are in tlie same stateof fruit only as l!audin's Australian oue, so also is a Timor specimen of Zip]ielius's, comniunicated bj' ]\lique] to tlie Hookerian Herbarium. The E. moluccana, Koxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 498, referred here by Miquel, n. Ind. Bat. i. part i. 398, nmst, from Roxburgirs short description, be very ditferent. No specimens of it have beeu trausinittcd, aud the tree is probably lost from the Calcutta Gar- dens. That was probably the best evidence as yet obtained of the genus existing in the Indian Archijjelago beyond Timor, for E. deylirpta is described by Bhmie, and E. rnultifiora, by A. Gray, froni specimens without tlowers or fruit, aud the others are only taken up from Ilumphius's very incomplete descriptions and figures of the trunk and foliage, also without flowers or fruit. I\IitcheU's specimeus, refen-ed by Bhick in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 92, to E. tecfifica, belong to E. dealbata, the leaves of which sometimes assume the form of those of E. athu, but with a different venation. 93. E. Stuartiana, V. Mnell. ; Miq. in Ned. Kruidk. Arch. iv. 131. A trce attaininir a considerable elevation, the bark of the bi-anches smooth and deciduous, that of the trunk rough and rigid aud somewhat slringy {F. JHueller, Oldjield). Leaves from broadly ovate-lanceolate to narrow lanceo- late, mostly 3 to 6 in. long, much narrowed at the base, usually equal or nearly so, but sometimes oblique, thick, the nerves ralher reguhir and diver- ging but scarcely conspicuons. Peduncles axillary or hiteral, tercte or slightly anguhar, Avith about 4 to 8 flowers on rather short thick pcdicels. Calyx- tube smooth, often shining, turbinate, abont 2 lincs diameter, the border usually prominent in the bud. Opercnkun conical, sometimes acuminate, from rather shortcr to rather longer than thc calyx-tube. Stamens dark- coloured, 2 to nearlv 3 lines lons:, inflected iu tlie bud ; anthers ovate-oblong, R 2 24-t XLViir. MYRTACE.^. [Eucalyptun. witli panillcl distinct cells. Ovavy sliort, flat-topped. Fruit aliuost turbiuate, usually aljout 3 lines but varying from 2 to 4 lines diaineter, not coutracted at thcoritice, the rim not thick, sligbtly prominent, tlie capsule level with it or slightly sunk, the valves horizontal orprotruding wheu open. — E. acervula, Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 135, not of Sieb. ; E. Gunnii, F. Miiell. Fragra. ii. 62, not of Hook. ; E. persicifoUa, Miq. in Ned. Kniidk. Arch. iv. 137, uot of Lodd. ; E. Baueriana, Miq. 1. c. uot of Schauer ; E.falcifoUa, Miq. 1. c. 136 (one speciraen). Queensland? A specimcn with the Queenshiud woods of the Exhibitioii, 1862, W. Ilii/, ajipeais to bc this species but is in bud ouly. N. S. 'Wales. Jiathurst pLiins, Fraser. Victoria. lu phiius aud inoist valleys, ascending the wooded moist mouQtains of the Australian Alps, extendiug to the westeru froutier, " White Gum," F. Mueller, also "Apple- tree " of thc colonists from a label in Herb. F. Mueller. Tasmania. Abuudaut in many parts of the colony, " Red Gum," J. D. Hooker. S. Australia. Froui the Glenclg to Guichen Bay, F. Mueller. This spccics is, as observed by F. TMuellcr, wcll distinguished from E. piperUa [E. acer- vula, Sieb.) l)y the anthcrs; he unites it with E. Guvnii, but it a])pears to diflfer from that species in the niore numerous, more pediceilatc tlowers, the shape of the fruit, ctc. It is perhaps ncarest to E. viminalis, ditferiiig, however, in foliage and in the shape of the fruit. Var. longifolia. Leaves very long (4 to 8 in.) and acuminate, more or lcss falcate, but thick, with the veius scarccly couspicuous, the intramarginal one often near the edge. Unibcls scvcrai-duucrcd. Opcrculum short. N. S. ^Vales. " Ycllow or Grcy Gum and Bastard Box," Woolls? in Herb. F. Muellcr; Twofold Bay, " Turpentiue Guni " or " Hiccory," Oldfield, F. Mueller. la fohage aud inllorcsceuce this resembles in some measure E. virgata, but the buds, anthers, aud fruit are (piitc dillcrcnt. 93 ? £. patellaris, T. Muell. in Joum. Linn. Soc. iii. 84. A tall tree with a roiigh furioued persisteut dull whitish bark {^F. Mueller). Leaves huiceoLite, fak-ate, acuminate, about 4 to 6 iu. long, the veinsrather numerous aiul reguhir, oblique, the intramarginal oue rather distaut from the edge. Perfect flowcrs unknown. luflorescence perliaps compouud. Calyx-tube (ouly seeu iu a diseased persisteut bud) hard, hemispherical, about 5 bnes diauieter, the border ])romineut. OpercuUim much depressed, umbonate. Pruit pedicelhite, broadly urceokte, about 5 iines diameter, the orifice dihited, the riui broad aud flat, the valves protrudiug. N. Australia. Dry banks of the Roper river, F. Mueller. Described from specimens far tco i/npcrfcct to detcrmiue the atBnities. 94. £. rudis, Etidl. in Ilueg. Ennm. 49. A moderate-sized tree, the bark hard, roiigh, iron-grey, and persisteut (Oid/ield), corky {Maxwell).- Leaves from ovate-laneeohite to uarrow-hmceohnte, ofteu falcate,' raueh acumi- nate, thc longest exceeding 6 in., not very thick, the fine diverging veius not close nor yet very promiuent, the intraraargiual oue not close to the edge. Pe(kincles axilhiry or lateral, terele or slightly flattened, each with about 4 to 8 flowers on pcdicels from ratlier shorter to rather longer than the calyx- tube. Calyx-tubc sniooth, broadly tnrbinate, rather aboVe 3 bnes diaraeter. Operculmn conical, as loug as or rather longia- than thc caiyx-tube. Stameus 3 to 4 Uues long, inflected in tiie biid ; autliers ovate or oblong with parallel distiuct cells. Ovary shorter than the ealyx, couical in the centre. Fruit broadly turbinatc or alraost heniispherical, 4 to 5 lines diamcter, more or less EuCall/ptHS.] XLVIII. MYRTACE^. 245 (lilated at the orifice, tlie riiii iiarrow, the capsule somewliat suuk but very convex or conical in the centre and the valves protruding whenopen. — Schau. in Pl. Preiss. i. 130. W. Australia. Sandy woods, Swan River, Preiss, n. 252, Drummond, n. 58 ; Vasse river, "Flooded Gum," Oldfield ; Garduer river and grassy flats near Salt River, "Swamp Gum," Majrwell. I liave not seen HuegeFs specimens, but quote them on Schauer's authority, who has com- pared them. The fruiting specimens distributed by Preiss (not described by Schauer) belong to E. patens, which has much resemblance with E. riidis in foliage, but diflers in iuflores- cence, flowers, and fruit. 95. E. saligna, Sm. hi Trans. Linn. Soc. iii. 285. A tall tree with a smooth silver-grey shiniug bark, sheddingin thiu longitudinal strips (Beckler). Leaves from ovate-lauceolate to long-lauceokte, but usually uarrow, acumiuate, 4 to 6 iii. iong, with very numerous tiue close transverse joarallel veius, the intramarginal oue close to the edge. Peduucles short, mostly flattened, each with 4 to 8 flowers. Calyx-tube narrow-turbinate, 2 to nearly 3 lines long, sessile or tapering into a short thick pedicel, the border of the calyx promi- nent in the bnd and the orilice usually expanding after floweriug. Opercu- lura couical, about as long as the calyx-tube. Stameus 2 to 3 lines long, inflected iu the bud, anthers ovate, with distinct parallel cells. Ovary conical in tlie centre. Fruit subglobose-truncate, not contracted at the orifice, the rim narrow, slightly raised above the calyx-border, tlie capsule somewhat or scarcely sunk, the valves more or less protruding. — DC. Prod. iii. 218. N. S. V^ales, Wliite; Cox's river and Glendon, Leichhardt ; Paramatta, "White Gum," Woolls ; " Grey Gum," Herb. F. Mueller, without the collector's name; Richmond and Clarence rivers, Beckler. 96. E. resinifera, Sm. in Whlte. Voy. 231, in Trans. Linn. Soc. iii. 284, and Exol. Bol. t. 84. A tall tree with a rough persistent bark on the tniuk but more or less deciduous on the branches {IFoolls and others). Leaves ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, acuminate, slraight or falcate, mostly 4 to 6 in. long, rather thick, with numerous fine close parallel aud almost transverse veins, sometimes scarcely conspicuous, the intramarginal oue close to the edge. Peduucles axillary or lateral, more or less flattened, each with about 6 to 8 or sonietimes more flowers on pedicels usually short but some- tiraes longer than the calyx-tube. Calyx-tube broadly turbinate, 2| to 3 or rarely 4 lines diameter. Opercnlum couical or acuminate, rauch longer than the calyx-tube and often broader at the base as in ^. tereticoruis. Staraens 4 to 6 lines long, raised above the calyx-border by the disk, inflected iu tlie bud ; anthers sraali, ovate, with parallel distinct cells. Ovary not much shorter than the calyx, conical in the centre. Fruit obconical, subglobose- truncate or alraost hemispherical, not contracted at the orifice, the rira not broad, convex or prominent, the capsule soraewhat sunk or nearly level with it, the valvcs protriiding. — DC. Prod. iii. 216. Queensland. Valleys of the Upper Brisbane (with a vcry long operculum), F. Mueller ; Head of the Cape, Bowman. IV. S. '^Vales. Port Jackson, 7?. Brown ; "Red Giim," White ; Cumberland and Paramatta, " Red Mahogauy," " Red Gum," " Grey Guni," " Leather-Jacket," aiid " llickory," Woolls. 246 XLViii. MYUTACE.*:. \_Eucalyptus. This spec-ies is allied in the fruit and foliage to E. saligna, dilfering chiefly in the pediccl- late flovvers and large operculura, and in the fniit to E. Stuartiana, from which it is readily distinguished by the venation of the leaves as well as by the opcrculum. When the oper- culum is long, the l)uds rcscnible those of E. sideropfiloia, var. rostrata, and of E. tereti- curnis, bnt thc veiiation of the foliage and other characters are quite different. It varies nmch in the size of thc flowers, the length of the pcdiccl, and in thc operculum from under twice to foiir timcs thc length of the calyx-tube. Smith's specimen is a garden oue, with tiie operculum about twice the calyx-tubc, but a nativc one in the Banksian herbarium, pro- bably seen by Sniith, has it three timcs the calyx-tube. Gtcrtner's figure and dcscription of the fruit of Meirosideros gummifera, quoted by Smith as belonging to E. resinifera, and which iias thus prevented the rccognising tlie spccies, was taken from a specimen in the Banlcsian herbarium of E. cori/mbusa. Var. grandiflora. Buds ovoid, about 4 lincs diamcter, the operculum broad and thick at the basc, with a rather long beak or gradualiy tapering. Fruit about 4 to 6 lines (iiamcter, with a raised rim and exscrtcd valves.— Andr. Bot. Uep. t. 400; E. hemilampra, F. Muell. Herb. — Manly Bcach, " Foresl Mahogany," Woot/s ; " Sv!am\^ Mahugimy," Ciileg. Very ncar and ])ossibly refcrable to E. pellita. 97. E. pellita, 7*: MiieJl. Fragm. iv. 159. A tree of 40 to 50 ft., vdih. n roui. 225 ; also Drnmmond, 4th Coll. >/. 77. 248 XLVIII. MYllTACEiE. \_Eucall/ptuS. Var. With tlic oalvx tapering into a very short pedicel as in E. (joniantha, but smooth as in E. concolor. — Doiibtlul Islaiid, Pcniusula, aud Cape Arid, Maxwell. 101. E. goniantha, Tarcz. m Bull. Mosc. 1817, i. 163. Leaves ovatc-lancfolate or lanceolato-acuminate, mostly falcate, rarely iinder 3 in. and sometinies above 4 in. long, thick and rigid, the vcry fine rather oblique veins nuraerous and parallel but scarcely conspicuous, the intra- marginal one close to or vcry near the edge. Pediuicles axillary or lateral, short, rather thick and fiattened, mostly recurvcd, each with 4 to 8 flowers ou short thick angular pediccls. Calyx-tube very broadly turbinate, thick aud very promineiitly ribbed, 3 to 4 lines diaiueter. Operculuni strougiy ribbed, uearly hemispherical at the base, with a thick obtuse beak as long as or rather longer thau tlie calyx-tube. Staraens 4 to 5 liues long, in- fiected iu the bud ; authers snudl, ovate, with parallel distiuct cells. Fruit depressed-globular or subglobular, truncate, hard, more or less ribbed, or sometimes ahuost smooth, 4 to 5 lines diameter, somewhat contracted at the oritice, the rim ratlier broad and ncarly fiat, the capsule somewhat suuk, but the valves occasionally protruding. ^V. Australia. Kint;; Gcors;e's Soiuid or to the eastward, CoUie ; Baxter ; Drum- viond, 'iid CuU. n. 71 ; Frankliu river, Ma.vwell (in fruit ouly with rather broad leaves). 102. E. falcata, Turcz. in BnU. Mosc. 1847, i. 163. A shrub of 10 to 12 ft. {Maxwell). Leaves lanccohite, aeuraiuate, ofteu falcate, mostly luider 4 in. long, thick aud sraooth, the very tine obiique veins scarcely visible. Peduncles axiUary or hiteral, terete or slightly aug\dar, each with about 6 to 12 tiowers ou slender pedicels of 3 to 4 bnes. Calyx-tube short, depressed, about 2 lines dianuiter, thiek, aud nujre or less distiuctly furrowed, but not so much so as in E. gonianthn. Operculum conical, acuminate, fully twice as long as and much nanower than the calyx-tube. Staraens 2 to 3 lines long, or rather more, inHected iu the bud ; autliers ovate, with parallel distinct cells. Fruit depressed-globuhir, 3 to 4 liiies diaraeter, much contracted at the orifice, the rim narrow aml tlat, but thc disk within tlie stamiual margiu formiug a protrudiug ring over ihc capsule, whicli is suuk, but the long points of the valvcs, formed by tlie split base of the style, usually protrude. W. Australia, Drianmond, Srd Coll. n. 70 ; plains to thc uorth aud south of StirHug raujie, Maxircll. 103. E. oleosa, F. Muell. Fragm. ii. 56 (partly). A shrub or small trce, tii'' bark of the truuk rough and persistent, that of the braiu;hes sraooth {F. Mueller). Lcaves uioslly hmceolate, obtuse or acuminate, uuder 4 in. long, thick and sraoolh, tlie obli(|ue aud rather uuraerous veins searcely con- spicuous. Pechmclcs axiUary or lateral, tcrete or sb'ghtly angular, eacii with ahout 4 to 8 more or less pediceilate Howers. Calyx-tube obovoid, more or less coiitracted at the basc, and sometimes at the top, 2 to 2^- lines long. Operculum obtiisely conieal or shortly acuminate, usually cxceeding the calyx- tubc, and somelinu;s much longcr aiid not very thick. ' Staraens 2 to 3 liiies long, inflected in thc bud, but withont the acute angle of E. uncinata ; anthcrs small, ovate, with parallcl distinct cells. Ovary short, convex or conical in the ccntre. Fruit ovoid or globose, truncate, contracted at the orilicc, about 3 liiics long, thc rim flat or coiicave, the capsule sank, but the Eucall/pluS.] XLVIII. MYRTACEJJ. 249 slender points of the valves formed by the split base of the style often pro- truding:.— ^. socialis, P.Muell. ; Miq."in Ned. Kruidk. Arcli. iv. 132 ; E. tur- binaia\\S^t\\x. and Mucll. ; Miq. in Ned. Kraidk. Arch. iv. 137. N. S. Wales. Mallee scrnb of the Murray desert, Beckler. Victoria. IMurray desei-t, F. Mneller, Dallachy. S. Australia. Fort Lincoln, Wilhelmi. W. Australia. Gravelly places near Moir's Inlet, il/ff.r?('i?//.— These specimens, as well as a few of those from the jMurray desert, are distinguished by the loug beak to the oper- culum. The foliage of the species is that of E. dimosa, but it is well distinguished by the louger pedicels, the shape of the calyx, the thiuner operculum, and the shape of the fruit. 104.. E. decurva, F. Muell. Fragm. iii. 130. A large shrub of 10 to 12 ft., or a small tree of 10 to 30 ft., with a smooth bark [OUfield, Maxwell). Leaves lanceolate, usually narrow, rarely ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, rarely exceeding 4 in. and often under 3 in. long, thick or rather thin, the veins diverging, but not close and scarcely visible, the intramarginal one more or less distant from the ti\^&. Peduncles axillary or lateral, terete or somewhat tlattened, each bearing an umbel of 3 to 7 flowers usually recurved and on ratlier long pedicels, but sometimes erect. Calyx-tube ovoid or almost cylinckical, 2 to 1\ lines long and nearly 2 lines diameter, abniptly contracted or obtuse at the base, not ribbed. OpercuUim hemispherical and broad atthe base, with a central beak sometimes very short, sometimes above 2 lines long. Stamens about 3 lines loug, the filaments slender and acutely inflected as in F. nncinata and E. corynocalyx ; anthers very small, globuLar, with distinct parallel cells. Ovary short, convex or conical in the centre. Fruit ovoid, contracted at the orifice, 3 to 4 lines long and rather less in diameter, the rim narrow, the capsule deeply sunk. W. Australia. Low flats aud ricli soil to the east of Kojouerup from tlie Stirling Range to East ]Mouut Barren, Ma.rwell, also Drummond, hth Coll. n. 186, all with uarrow not very thick leaves ; from Kalgau river aud Kiug George's Sound to the eastward, .ff«nry, Oldfiehl, Maxwell, with broader aud thicker leaves ; Vasse river, Oilbert, n. 266, with thick but narrow leaves. A specimen iu fruit ouly from Murchison river, Oldfield, looks like the same species. The E. dorato.ryIon, which" in many respects resembles this species, differs iu the leaves mostly opposite as well as iu the stamens. The E. decurva itself is very closely allied to E. oleosa, but the shape of the calyx aud fruit and the arrangement of the stameus are some- what ditFerent. Both species, from the sraaUuess of their anthers, come near to the Micran- thera. 105. E. doratoxylon T. Muell. Tragm. ii. 55. A large shrub* Leaves all opposite or nearly so, lanceolate, acuminate, nearly straight, under 3 in. long, the veins fine, oblique, and rather numerous, but scarcely con- spicuous, the intramarginal one at a distance from the edge. Peduncles axillary or lateral, terete or nearly so, recurved, each bearing about 4 to 7 flowers on rather slender pedicels.' Calyx-titbe ovoid or almost cylindrical, about 2 lines long. Opercuhim hemispherical or shortly conical, with a rather long beak. Stamens 2 to 3 lines long, inflected in the bud, but not acutely so as in E. decurva ; anthers ovate-oblong, with parallel distinct cells. Fmit ovoid, much contracted at the orifice, about 3 lines long and rather less in diameter, the rim narrow, the capsule deeply sunk. W. Australia. Lucliy Bay, R. Brown ; SuUiuup raugcs, " Spearwood," and Russell 250 XLViii. myrtacej:. [JEucalyptus. Range, Maxwell ; Barter ; also Brummond, ird Coll. n. G9, Mh Coll. n. 97. — Allied ia mauy respects, especiaily in tlie iiifiorescence aiid sliape of tlie flowers, to £. decurva ; tliis species isreadiiy distiiiguished by tlie leaves mostly opposite, aud by thc stamens. 106. E. aspera, F. Mudl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 95. A small tree, with a sniootl) iishy-white bark (F. Miieller), tlie hrunchlcts and often the lcaf-veins scabrous or hispid, the foliage ofteu gUiucous. Leaves sessile, opposite, cordate, ovate or oblong, obtuse, niostly under 2 in. loug. Pe- duncles axillary or hiteral, very short, each beariug 2 to 6 flowers, on pedi- cels either vcry short or longer than the calyx. Calyx-tube sliort and broad, 2 to nearly 3 lines dianieter. 0|)erculura hemispherical, obtuse, shorter tl)aii the calyx-tube. Stainens 2 to 3 lines long, inHected i)i tlie bud ; anthers oval-oblong, with parallel distinct cells. Fruit ovoid-truncate, slightly con- tracted or straight at the orifice, 3 to 4 lines long, the rim thin, the capsule deeply sunk. N. Australia. Sandstone table-land, upper Victoria river, F. Mueller. — The spcci- mcn& are uot iu good state, but the species is evidently dilferent from any others knowu to me. 107. E. grandifolia, R. Br. Herh. A sn)all trce, with the outer bark brown and (lccidnous, the inner whitish and very smooth {R. Brown). Leaves opposite or ncarly so, petiolate, from ovate to ovate-lanceolatc;, 4 to 6 in. long in ti)e speci)neus, but probably often larger, rigid, with rather fine divpi-ging veius, the intra)iia)-ginal oue ronote fi-o)n the edge. Flowers rather lai-ge, on pedicels of .V to ^- in., 3 to 10 toget!)ei', rather clustercd than umbellate oii a very sliort lateral pedu)icle, reduced soinetiines to a tubercle (proljably the infloresccnce consists of several umbels reduced to 1 or 2 flowers eacli). Calyx-tubc very sliort, broad, and open, 4 to nearly 5 lines diameter. Operculuin convex or almost hemispherical, obtuse or uiubonate, much shoiter thau the calyx-tube. Stamens 4 to 5 lines long or rather more, inflc.-cted in ihe bud ; anthers oblong, with parallcl distinct ceils. Ovary flat-topped. Fruit unknovvn. N. Australia. Islauds of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown {Herb. B. Brown). 108. E. clavigera, A. Cunn. in Walp. Rej). ii. 926. A large shrub or small tree {R. Brown), with an ash-coloured bark {F. Mueller). Leaves from opposite, sessile or nearly so, and broadly ovate-cordate or almost orbicular, to alteniate and broadly ovate or ovate-fanceolate, rarely above 4 in. long, rffther rigid, the veins pi-oniiuent, diverging or alinost transversc, but not close. Pedunchis short, two or more togcthcr on a short lcaflcss branch forming lateral clusters or very short paniclcs, each peduncle bearing an umbel of sevcral rather sniall flowers on sleiuler pedicels often ^ in. loiig. Calyx-tubc tnrbinate, about 2 lines long and as much iu (lia)nctcr. Oper- culuin very flat or couvex, rarely almost hemisj)herical but mucli shorter ti)an thc calyx-tiibc. Sta)nens about 3 lines long, inflected in the bud ; a))thers ovatc or oblong, with parallcl distinct cclls. Ova)-y flat-toppcd. Pruit froui ncarly globiilar to ovoid-oblong, 4 to ,5 liiies long. more or less contracted at tlie orifice, the rim thin, thc capsule decply simk.—E. poli/sciudia, F. Muell. i)) .Tourii. Linn. Soc. iii. 98. N. AustraUa. Careening Bay, N.W. coast, A. Cu>inmy/m)n ; Isiauds ot the (nilf of EucalyptusA XLViii. myrtace^. 251 Carpeutaria, R. Bromn ; arid rocky hills ncar Macadaiu range, F. Muelle)- ; Albert river, Henne. 109. E. tesselaris, F. Muell. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 88. A middle- sized ov large tree, the bark dark-brown, sinooth and deciduoiis, the iuner whitish aud very suiooth {R. Brown), thc bark pcrsistent on the truuk, dull rKsh-coloured, marked with longitudinal and trausverse furrows formin<>- sepa- rable picces (F. Mneller^, casts its bark in small angular pieces {Mitcke/l). Leaves lanceolate to abnost linear, straight or falcate, 3 to 6 in. long, with numerous tiiie parallel diverging or ahuost transverse veins and more or less reticukite, the intramarginal vein close to the edge. Pedimcles very short, usuaUy several together iu lateral clusters or very short panicles, often so re- duced as to appear like a single compact irregular umbel, each peduncle with 3 to 6 (or when the iuflorescence is compact 1 or 2) flowers on short or sleiuler pedicels. Calyx-tube short, much widened above the ovary, 2 to 2J or rarely uearly 3 liues diameter. Opercuhim very short and ouly slightly convex. Stamens 2 to 3 lines long, inflected in the bud ; anthers ovate- oblong, with parallel distinct cells. Ovary flat-topped. Fruit ovoid or oblong, 3 to 4 hues loug, shghtly contracted at the orifice, the rim thin, the capsule deeply sunk. — U. vlminalis, Hook. in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 157, not of Labdi. ; E. Hookeri, F. MuelL in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 90. N. Australia. Careening aud Vansittarfs bays, N.W. coast, A. Cnnninyham ; islands of tlie Gidf of Carpentaria, S. Brown ; S.E.*coast of tbe Gulf of Carpentaria, F. Mneller. Queensland, Bowman ; Fitzroy Downs, Mitchell ; Port Denison, Fitzalan. Yar. BitUachiana. Veius of the leaves more oblique, the intramargiual oue not so close fo thc cdge, the cluster of uuibcls so dense as to be reduced almost to a sessile head.— Quecnshuid, Bowman; Rockhaniptou, Dallachy. 110. E. phoenicea, F. Muell. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 91. A middle- sized or small tree, the bark persisteut or tardily falliug off from the upper branches, aud readily separable in flakes {F. Mmller). Leaves hanceohite, 4 to 6 in. long or even more, with fine diverging veins, numerous but some- what reticuhate, the iutramarginal one close to the edge. Peduncles lateral, terete or nearly so, bearing each a deuse umbel of numerous large flowers remarkable for their long narrow shape. Pedicels 2 to 3 hues loug. Cnlyx- tube 5 to 6 lines long, obscurely ribbed, about 3 lines diameter at the orifice, and tapering downwards. Opercuhun hemispherical or conical, shoi-ter than broad aud nuich shortei' than the calyx-tube. Stamens about t in. long, orange or scarlet, much inflected iu the bud ; anthers ovate, with parallel distiuct cells. Ovary in the flower examined 2-celled. Pruit ob- loug, f to 1 iu. loug, crowned by a uarrow ueck of about 2 or 3 hues, with a tliiu riui, tlie capsule suuk to the l)ase of tlie neck. N. Australia. Saudstone table-land ou the Victoria and Upper Ropcr rivers, F. Mueller. 111. E. diversicolor, F. Muell. Fragm. iii. 131. A tree attaining 80 to 100 ft., tlie truuk dc-corticating by hard Lnyers of | to -1 in. thick, the hmbs and brauoiies l)y ehartaceous laminie {OUlfield). Leaves ovate-lanceo- late or hinceolate, acuiniuate, ofteu falcate, 3 to 6 in. long, rather thick, with uumerous fine verv diverging vcins, often scarcely conspicuous, the intramar- 252 XLViii. MYUTACE.Ji:. [Eucalyptiis. ginal oiie at somc distance froni tlie edife, dark above, pale underneath when fresh {Oldfield). Peduncles axillary or lateral, terete or scarcely angiilar, each with 3 to 6 ratlier large llowers, not seen liowever fully expanded. Calvx-tube tuibinate when in bud, about 3 lines long, tapering into a pedicel nearly or quite as long. Opercukini heuiispherical or obtusely conical, rather shorter than the calyx-tube. Staiuens iuflected iu the bud ; antliers ovate with parnilcl distinct cells. Ovary conical in the centre. Fruit ovoid- truncate, about \ in. long, 4 to 5 lines dianieter, coutracted at the orifice or ahnost nrceolate, the riin rather thick, the capsule deeply suuk with a conical top, yet the valves mueh shorter thau the border of the fruit. TV. Australia. King Gcorge's Soniid, R. Brown ; on small elevntions in swampsnear rivers beyoud thc rcach of the water, Blackwood and Ilay rivers, \Vilson's Inlet and Peron- gerup ranges, " Bluc Guuj," Oldjield. 112? E. loxophleba, Bentli. A tree from 10 to 30 ft. high, with a rough f.sh-grey librous bark (Oldfietd'), 40 to 45 ft., the bark separable in layers (Prelss). Leaves laneeohite, acuminate, narrow and often 4 to 5 in. long or the lo*ver ones shorter and broader, all rather rigid Avith very oblique rather distant and proniiuent veins, the intramarginal oue distant from the edge. Pechincles axillary or L^.teral, terete or slightly tiattened, each with a dense umbel of 6 to 1 2 flowers. Calyx-tube o1)conical, 2 to 2^ or rarely nearly 3 lines long, tapering into a short pedicel. Operculum hemispherical or obtusely conical, shorter than tlie calyx-tube. Stamens scarcely exceed- ing 2 lines, infiectcd in the bud, the filameuts usnally dark-coloured in the dry specimens ; antliers small, with parallel distinct cells. Fruit narrow- obovoid, truncatc, straight or slightly coutracted at the orifice, rarely above 3 lines long and 2 lines diameter, the rim uarrow, the capsule deeply sunk. — E. amygdatuia, Schau. in PI. Preiss. i. 130 (from the deseription given), not of Laljill. ; E.fruticetorum., F. ]\Iuell. Fragra. ii. 57 (as to the W. Aus- tralian specimens). W. Australia. Swan River and Darling range, CoUie ; Drummond, 2nd Cotl. n. 82 ; York district, l'reiss, n. 246 (and 248 ?) ; Marchison riverand Champion Bay, "York Gum," Oldjield. The " YanJee," a tree of 40 to 45 ft., with a nearly black persistenf furrowed bark con- sisting of strap-like pieccs, from the Murchisou rivcr, Oldfeld, appears to be otherwise pre- ciscly the same. Var. frnticosa. A shrub branching from the ground, the leavcs rather broader, the flowcrs rathcr larger, the peduuclcs more Uattened. — Murchison river, Oldfeld ; Salt river, Maxweli. 113. E. foecunda, Schau. in Pl. Preiss. i. 130. A tall shrub with a dark smooth \n\rk{Otdfietd). Leavcs lanceolate, acnminate, rarely exceeding 3 in., thick, with fine veins scarccly conspicuous aud much more numerous and less oljlique thau in E. toxophtetui, tiie intraniarginal one vcry near the «dge. Pedunclcs axillary or lateral, rather short, terete or slightly flattened, each with a dense umbel of 4 to 8 flowers. Calyx-tube ovoid-turbinate, 2 to 2^ lines long, obtuse at the base or shortly tapering into the short pe- dicel. Operculum hcmispherical, much shorter tlum the calyx-tube. Sta- mens 2 to 3 lines long, inflectcd in the bud ; anthers ovate with parallel distinct cells. Ovary flat-topped. Fiiiit ovoid obloug or almost cylindrical, slightly contracted at the orifice, about 2 liucs diameter and varying in Eucalypius.'] XLVIII. MYRTACEiE. 253 lengtli frora uiider 3 to about 4 liiies, the rim tliiii, tlie capsule deeply sunk, but souietiuies the base of the style splits iuto loug poiuts to the valves protnuliug- beyoud the border of the fruit. S. Australia? Speciincus iu young buJ aud iu fiuit froui the S. coast, R. Brown, appcar to belouo; to this species. W. Australia. Swau River, Brummond, 2>id CoU. n. 87 ; limestoue hills near Free- mantle, Preiss, ii. 231 ; Ycuert, Gilbert, n. 263 ; Port Gregory, Murchisou aud South Hutt rivers, Oldfield ; Sharks' Bay aud Dirk Harfog^s Islund, Milne, also iu the collectiou of Baudiu's Expedition. — Differcnt as the long and the short fruits appear, there are uunie- rous intermediate forms, aud the specimeus do not otherwise ditfer. 114. C redunca, ScJiau. in Fl. Preiss. i. 127. lu the origiual form, a shrub or sniall treo vvith a smooth white bark {Oldjield, Maxicell). Leaves ovate-lauceolate or huiceolate-acuuiiuate, under 3 in. long, thick, with tine oblique not close veius, ofteu scarcely visible, tlie intramargiual one at a dis- tance from the edge. Peduncles axillary or lateral, flattened or rarely terete, each with a dense umbel of 6 to 12 flowers. CJalyx-tube narrow, 2| tonearly 3 liues loug, tapering into a short thick or flatteued pedicel. Operculum couical, acuminate, at least twice as long as the calyx-tube. Stamens 3 to 4 liues long, more or less inflected in tlie bud ; authers oblong, with parallel distinct cells. Ovary convex or shortly couical in the centre. Fruit obovoid or obovoid-oblong, 4 to 5 lines long aud about 3 diameter, contracted at the orifice, the rim narrow, the capsule considerably suuk, the points of the valves rarely protrudiug. "SKT. Australia. King George's Souud and adjoining districts to Swan Eiver and eastward to Cape Riche, Preiss, n. 232, 234, 215, 247; I>rummond,^2nd Coll. n. 81 and 84; G//^«-^, «. 271,and others. Var. melanophloia. Leaves larger, more promineutly veiued. — Murchisou aud South Hutt rivers, a sniall tree with a smooth black bark, Oldfield. Var. angustifolia. Leaves liuear or linear-lanceolate. — E. xanthoyiema, Turcz. in Bnll. Mosc. 1847, i. 163; W. Australia, Brummond, 2,rd Coll. n. 67, Uh Coll. n. 187; S. side of Stirling ranges and eastward to Phillips ranges, Ma.rwell. Var. elata. A large tree, the trunk geuerally sweUiug out suddeuly near the ground, forming akind of pedestal, the bark smooth, white, decorticatiiig in loug chartaceous pieces {Oldfield). Operculum rather shorter aud the fruit less coutracted at the oritice, but not ditfering otherwise from the uormal form. — Kalgan river, " White Gum," Oldfield. The species, cspecially iu the narrow-lcaved forms, has much resemblance on the oue haud to E.fcecunda, ou the other to E. spathulata, but is readily distingiiished from the former by the operculum, from the latter by the stamens and the acuminate operculum. SuBSERlES VIII. CoRYMBOS.E.— Flowers usually krge, the urabels (or very rarely heads) all in a terminal corymbose panicle or rarely a few of the lower oues axillary. Fruit often large, niore or less urceohate, the capsule deeply suuk. Seeds usually hirge, flat, with acute edges, often more or less expanded in a variously-shaped wing. 115. E. perfoliata, R. Browu, Herb. A Large shrub of 10 ft. or more (^A. Cunninghani). Leaves opposite, counate, 6 to 8 in. long and 3 to 4 in. broad, very obtuse, ghaucous Avith uumerous parallel transverse veius. Flowers large, sessile in heads of 4 to 6, on tcrete peduncdes formiug a corymbose terminal panicle. Calyx-tube thick, broadly turbiuate, smooth or nearly so, 7 to 8 lines long aud as much iu diameter. Operculum not seen. Stamens 254 xiAiii. MYUTACK^. \EucaIyplus. above ^ in. long', iuflected iii the bud ; aiilliers siiiall, ovate-oblons, with parallel distinct cclls. Fruit urceolate, H in. lono- and al)ove 1 in. diuuieter, smootli, tlie riin eoncave, the capsule sunk. Seeds not seen. N. Australia. Barrcn hills, Rae's River, N.W. Coast, A. Cminwgham ; N.W. Coast, Bynoe. llfi. E. ferruginea, Schan. in Walp. Rcp. ii. 926. A moderatc-sized trcc, witli a rouo-h persistent dark !i'rev bark {F. Mnelle?'), the younp; branclics and oi'ten tiie tbliage more or less rnsty-pubescent, or the branches liispid with a few stiff liairs or bristles, but sometimes quite slabrous. Leavcs large, often 4 to 5 in. diametcr, sessile, op])osite, cordate orbicular or oblong, mostly obtuse and sometinies undulate. Flowers rather laro-c, the unibcls in a dcnse tenninal corymbose panicle, or in one specimcn a siunle \inibel nxil- lary. Peduncles and pedicels short, terete. Calyx-tubc very broadly canipa- nulate, (') to 8 lines diameter. Opcrcidum broadly conical, shortcr than the calyx-tube. Frnit ovoid, when perfect about 1 in. long and |- in. diamcter, contracted towards the orifice, the rim narrow, the capsule deeply sunk. Secds wino^ed. — F. MncU. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 95 ; E. conferti/Iora, F. Muell. i. c. 96. N. Australia. Copeland island, N.W. coast, J. Cunnivciham ; Victoria river and Aruhem's Laud, F. Mueller. 117. E. setosa, Schan. in Walp. Bep. ii. 926. A small or moderate- sized tree, with a smooth ash-grey bark {R. Brown), the branchlcts and inflo- rescence more or less hispid with rust-coloured bristles. Lcavcs opposite, sessile, cordate orbieular and obtuse or ovate and almost acute, rarely above 2 in. long. Umbels shortly ])eduneulate, several-floAvered, forming short, terminal, rather loose corynibosc panicles. Pedicels often longer than the calyx. Calyx-tube obovoid, often slightly 8-ribbed, about 3 lines long, more or less covcrcd with bristl(;s. Opercnlum conical, shorter tlian the calyx- tube, often bearing a few bristles. Anthers ovate, parallel-celled. Ovary flat-topped, thc style not dilated. Fruit nrceolate-globular, much contracted at the top, hard and woody, \ to | in. diameter, the rim narrow, the capsule sunk. Perfect seeds large, broadly winged. — F. Muell. Fragm. iii. 132. N. Australia. Islauds of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Biown ; Sweers Island, Henne. Queensland. ]Mouut EUiott, FUzalan, Ballachy, with fewer seta; on the buds. 118? E. melissiodora, Lindl. in Milch. Trop. Austr. 235. A slirub, cxhalino a powerful odoiir of balm, and covercd with a rusty resinous pubcs- cence, short and scabrous on the foliage, almost bristly oit the branchlets. Leavcs oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, more or lcss peltately inserted on the pe- tiolc abovc thcir base, tlie veins transverse but not close. Flowers and fruit niiknown. Queensland. Saudstoue rocks, Balmy Creek, mtchell. Possibly a barren state of E. citriodora, or some allied species, in which the leaves of the flowerins branchcs are not peltate. 119? E. peltata, Benth. A tree with a dark shiuing brittle and flaky but persistent bark {F. Jhieller). Leaves from ncarly orbicular to oblong-ovate, obtuse, rather large, peltately inserted on the" petiole above their base, rusty-scabrous or glabrous and 'somewhat glaucous, with diver- Eacalyytus!\ XLViii. MYRTACE.i:. 25 5 giiig but uot close veins. Flowers latlier large, uearly sessile \\\ tlie umbels, which are arrauged in obloug (or coryuibose ?) teruiiual pauicles, but not seeu expautkd. Calyx-tube obconical in the bud, about 8 liues loug, smoolh aud shining. OpercuUun uiuch shorter, obtuselv couical or hemispherical. Aulhers ovate-obloug, with parallel cells. Fruit urceohite-globose, about 4 iiucs diameter, coutracted above the deeply sunk capsule, the rim tliin. Seeds (which I have uot seen) suiooth aud not wiuged accordiug to F. Mueller. — E. meUMiodora, F. Muell. in Linu. Journ. Soc. iii. 95, not of Liudl. Queensland. Porpliyritic mountaius, Newcastle rauge, F. MaeUer. — Possibly a va- riety or state of some spccies allied to E. latifolia withoiit tlie peltate leaves. The speci- meus are very imperlcct. 120. E, latifolia, F. Mnell. in JoJirn. Linn. Soc. iii. 94. A small or middle-sized tree, with a smooth ash-grey bark, tardily separating frora the inuer brownish bark also smooth {F. Mudler'). Leaves alteruate or here aud there almost opposite, petiolate, ovate, obtuse, with trausverse parallel veins, rather more promiuent and uot so close as in the allied uarrow-leaved sjDCcies. FloAvers rather large, 4 to 6 in cach umbel, in a large tcrminal corymbose ])anicle. Peduncles terete ; pedicels terete, shorter tlian the calyx-tube. Calyx- tiibe broadly turbinate, 4 to 5 liues diameter, rather thick. Operculum very short, slightly couvex. Anthers ovate-oblong, with parallel distiuct cells. Fruits globose-truucate or urceolate-globose with a very short neck, smooth autl not ribbed, 3 to 4 lines diameter, the rim thin ; the capsule deeply sunk. Seeds winged. N, Australia. Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown ; upper part of the Roper rivcr, F. MneHer. 121. E. ptychocarpa, F. MneU. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 90. A middle-sized or tall tree, witli a persistent bark iutermediate between that of the Striugy-barks and the Box-trees {F. Mueller). Leaves large, from broadly ovate to ovate-lanceolate, sometimes nbove a foot loug, straight or falcate, with numerous fine closely parallel almost transverse veins. Flowers large, in umbels forming a termiual panicle, peduucles terete, | to 2 in. long, pedicels sometiraes very short, sometimes 1 to 2 in. long. Calyx-tube turbi- uate, l^ to f in. loug, hard, with about 8 lougitudinal ribs. Operculum not seen. Stamens above •§■ in. long ; filaments rigid, inflected iu the bud ; authers small, ovate, with distiuct parallel cells. Fruits ovoid or slightly urceolate, very thick and liard, 1 to 2 iu. long, with about 8 promiueut ribs, the rim thick, the capsule sunk. Seeds winged. N. Australia. Dry river-beds and rocky streams at the sources of the Wentworth, Wickham, aud Limmen Bight rivers, i^. Miieller ; Melville Islaud, Fruser ; Port Essiug- ton, Gilbert. — The fruit somewhat resembles that of E. miniata, but the venation of the leaves aud the infloresceuce are quite diiferent. 122. E. calophylla, R. Br. in Journ. Georjr. Soc. 1831, 20 (jiame only); Scliau. in Pl. Preiss. \. 131. A beautiful tree, witli a more dense foliage than usual in the genus, the rough corky bark comiug off in irregular masses {Oldfield). Leaves ovate ovate-lanceolate or lauceolate, obtuse or mucronate-acute, rather rigid, with very numerous tranverse parallel veins, the intramarginal oue scarcely distant from the edge. Umbels loose, with 256 XLViii. MYiiTActvK. [Eucali/plus. ratlicr large flowers, iii a tcrraiiial corymbose panicle, witii one or two sometiraes in tl>c iipper axils. Peduncles flattened or ncarly tercte, pcdicels longer tlian tlie calyx-tube. Calyx-tube turbinate and oiten ribbed on tlie adiiate part, the frec part mui-li (lilated, often \ in. dianieter. Operculum hemisplierical, obtuse or unibonatc, shortev than tlie calyx-tube and contiuuous with it till the flowcr expands. Staraens | to f in. long ; anthers ovate, witli parallel distinct cells opcuiiig; longitudinally. Ovary flat or slightly convex on the top. Fruit whcn pcrfect ovoid-urccolate, 2 in. long and above 1 in. diaraeter, very thick aud hard, witli a thick ncck coutracted at the oriticc, but some- tiracs the fruit is smallcr, the neck less distinct and less contracted. Capsule deeply sunk. Seeds large, ovate, black, flat or with a raised angle on one face, the edgcs acute but scarcely winged, the hilum large on the inner face. — F. Muell. Fragm. ii. 33 ; E. splachiiicarpa, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4036. ^W. Australia. Common about Kiug George's Sound, B. Brown, Fraser, Oldfield, antl otliers ; aud tlieuce to Swau Rivcr, Fraser, Drumniond, n. 150; Preiss, n. 250, and otheis; lare towaids l'ort Gregory, Oldjield ; " Red Gum," Oldfield. 123. E. ficifolia, F. Muell. Fragiu. ii. 85. Only known from imperfect si^ecimens in fruit, which difler in no respect froni E. calophjlla, except that the seeds are of a pale colour and the tcsta cxpandcd at one end, or rouml one sidc iuto a broad variously-shaped wing. Further specimens raay prove these diffcrences not to be constaut. W. Australia. Hroke^s lulet, " Black-bntt," 3Ia.rv:ell. From the Hay, Gordou, aud Tono rivers iu the same neighbourhood are flowering speciuicus undislinguishable from E. calop/ii/Ua, which m;iy possibly belong to this speeies. 124-. E. corymbosa, Sm. Bot. Noo. IIoll. 43, and in Traus. Liim. Soc. iii. 287. Csually a suiall or niiddle-sized trce, but sonietiraes attaining a great lieight, with a persisteut furrowcd bark {F. Mueller). Leaves ovate- lauceolate or lanceolate, acurainate, about 3 to 6 in. long, with numcrous fine trausvcrse parallel veius, ofteu scarccly visiblc. Unibels loose, several- flowercd, mostly in a terrainal coryrabosc panicle, the peduneles slightly com- pressed or angular. Flowers rather large, on pedicels of 2 to 4 lincs. Calyx- tube, when opcn, broadly turbinate, 3 to 4 lines diameter, often dilated' at the margin. Operculum short, hemispherical, umbonate or shortly acumiuate. Staraens attaiuing 5 or 6 lines; anthcrs vcry sraall bnt ovate, with distinct parallel cells opening lougitudinally. Ovary short, flat-toppcd. Fruit raore or less urccolatc, -i- to f iu. long, usually contracted above tiie capsule and often expauded at the orifice, thc riiu iuutow, thc capsule sunk. Secds large, ovate, niore or less bordered by a wing, usually narrow. — DC. Prod. iii. 220 ; F. Muell. Fragra. ii. 46 ; Metrosideros gummifera, Soland. in Gsertn. Fruct. i. 170. t. 34. f. 1. Queensland. E. coast, A. Cunmngham ; Rockhampton, Ballachj ; dry ridges, Bris- bane rivcr, M(.rctou Bay, F. Mueller, W. llill, Fitzalan. „.^- ®', Wales. Port Jaclaves miiuitely glaucous-pubescent. Leaves opposite, hanceolate, acute, narrowed iuto a short ]x"tiole, nerveless except the prominent midrib, l^ to 3 in. iong. Flowers yellow, iu opposite axillary cymes, but forming usually a terminal corymb, the central shoot not growing out till after the flowering. Calyx-tube turbiuate, 5-angled, 1 to 1| lines loug, lobes ovate, as long as thetube. Petals often above 2 lines long. Stamens erect, longer than the petals, ahnost 1-seriate, more or less distinctly but irreguLirly united in clusters of 3 to 5 eacb, opposite the petals. Ovary completely aduate, gla- brous and concave on the top, with a deep central depression round tlie style. Ovnles exccedingly lumierous in each cell, coveriug a peltate placenta. Fruit- ing-calvx about 2 Hnes long, the capsnle much shorter. Seeds not seeu. — DC. Prod. iii. 210; Bonpl. Pl. Malm. t. 30; F. Muell. Fragm. iv. 56; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 157 ; Melalenca neriifoUa, Bot. Mag. t. 1058 ; M. salici- folia, Audr. Bot. Rep. t. 485 ; Tristania salicina, A. Cimn. in Bot. Reg. under n. 1839. N. S. Wales. Port Jackson to the Blue Mountains, R. Brown, Sieier, n. 219, and otLers; soutlnvard to lllawarra, Shepherd. Section II. LopiiosTEMOX. — Lcavcs alternate. Stamens inflexcd, 5- adelphous, witli long claws. Ovary inferior, flat-topped, with very numerous ovides in each (•cll. Seeds linear-cuneate, not expanded at the end. 2. T. suaveolens, Sm. in Bees Cycl. xxxvi. A shnib or tree, more or less glaucous or lioary, or tlie young slioots hirsute, rarely quite glabrous. Leaves alteruate, pctiohite, ovate-elliptical, ovate-lanceolate or elliptical-ob- long, obtuse or acuminate, more or k^ss distinctly penniveiued aud reticulate, in some spccimens l^ to 3 in., in others 3 to 6 in. long. Flowers usually small, in axillary cymes, the common pedunele ^^ to ^ in. long, more or less flattened. Calyx-lube campauuhitc, usnally hoary-pubescent, 1 to l^ lines long; lobcs very sliort and broad. Pctals 1|- lines diameter. Staminal bundles abont as kjug as tlic ])etals, tlie claws half as long as the petals, rather broad, with munerous iuHexed fiiamcnts. Ovary wholly adnate, flat or concavc at tlie top aud glabrous, not dcpressed ronud the style ; ovules very numerous in eacli ccU, on an obloug rellcxcd placeuta. Fruiting-calyx very open, 2 to nearly 4 liucs diametcr, tlic capside not exceeding the tube. Seeds linear-cuncate, not winged ; cotyledous rather broad and folded. — DC. Prod. iii. 210; MeJaleuca snaveolens, Gairtn. Fruct. t. 173. t. 35; Tris- tania c/epre.ssa, A. Cuiiu. in Bot. Rcg. under u. 1839; DC. Prod. iii. 210; T. rhytijihloia. F. Mucll. Fragm. i. 81. N. Australia. Victoria river and Sea range, F. Mueller ; Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown. Queensland. rnpc Vnrk, M'Gillirratj; Eridcavonr river, Banks and Solander ; Re- Trislania.] XLViii. myrtace.b. 263 ))ulsc Bny, A. Cunninffham ; Kockingham Bay, Rockhampton, Hallachy ; Burnett rivei', F. Mueller ; Mount Eiliott, FitzaJan ; Brisbaue river, Moretou Bay, etc, Backhouse, W. Ilifl, aud others. N. S. "Wales. Richmbud and Clarence rivers, Beckler. Var. ? grandiflora. Very hoary-toraentose. Flowers nearly twice as large. Petioles of the leaves very short. — Attack Creek, MDoicall Stuarl. Perhaps a distinct species, but there is but a siiigle specimen. 3. T. conferta, R. Br. in Ait. Horf. Keic. ed. 2. iv. 417. A tall tree, witli a smooth brown deciduous bark aud dense foliage, the young shoots often clothed with spreadiug hairs, otherwise glabrous except the inflores- cence, the buds of the succeeding year covered with large inibricate coloured scales. Leaves alternate, crowded at the ends of the branches so as to appear verticillate, petiolate, ovate or ovate-lanceohite, acuminate or rarely aimost obtuse, usually 3 to 6 iu. long, penuiveined and niinutely reticuhite uuder- neath. Flowers in cymes of 3 to 7, usually ou the young wood below the cluster of leaves, the floral leaves mostly abortive, the peduncle flattened, ^ to \ in. long, or rarely elongated. Calyx-tube more or less pubescent or hirsute, turbinate, 1 \ to near 3 lines long ; lobes narrow, acute, nearly as long as the tube. Petals uudulate, often 3 lines diameter. Staminal bundles often \ in. long, inflexed, tlie claws long and linear, with numerous short slender fiUiments nearly along their wiiole leugth ; anthers very small. Ovary whoUy adnate, flat-topped without any central depression ; ovules exceedingly numerous in each cell, covering an oblong reflexed placenta. Fruiting-calyx 3 to 4 lines diameter, lieraispherical or cup-shaped, truncate, smooth, the capsule level with the orifice or shortly exceeding it. Seeds linear-cuneate, not winged; colvledons fohled. — DC. Prod. iii. 210; F. Muell. Fragm. iv. 57 ; ^. subverticillata, Wendl. in Ott. Dietr. Allg. Gartenz. i. 186 ; T. viacro- phylla, A. Cunn. in Bot. Keg. t. 1839 ; F. Muell. Fragm. i. 82 ; Lophostemon arborescens, Schott in Wien. Zeitschr. iii. (1830) 773. N. Australia. Port Essington, Armstrong. Queensland. Sandy Cape and Keppel Bay, R. Brown ; mouths of the Burdekin river, F. Miieller ; Rockhanipton, Edgccombe Bay, etc, Dallachy, Henne ; Biisbane river, Moreton Bay, A. Cunninqham and others. N. S. TVales. Hastings river, Beckler. Section III. EuTRiST.AXiA. — Lcavcs alternate. Stamens inflexed, 5- adelplious with very short claws, or clustered only. Ovary adnate or half superior, ovules all reflexed. Seeds very flat or expanded at the end into a flat wing. To this section belong the Asiatic species, as well as the New Caledoniau ones forming Brongniart aud Gris' genus Tristaniopsis. 4. T. lactiflua, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 82. A tree attaining 30 ft., gla- brous or the young shoots, under side of the leaves, and inflorescence glaucous- pubescent. Leaves alternate, often almost verticillate at the ends of tiie branches, ovate or broadly ovate-lanceolate, obtuse or acute, penniveined, 3 to 6 in. long, on a petiole often of 1 in. Flowers white, small and very nu- merous, in axilhuy cymes, the common peduncle ofieu 1 to 2 in. long. Calyx- tube broad, scarcely 1 line long, with very short rounded lobes as in T. suaveolens. Petals about 1| lines diameter. Staminal bundles about as long as the petals, inflexed, the cLiws short and broad, each with 15 to 20 264 XLVIIl. MYRTACE.^E. [Tfiitdnia. filaraeuts. Ovary wliolly adnate, concave at the top withoiit any central de- pression. Ovulcs reflexed, not so uumerous as in T. siiaveolens. Fruit not seen. N. Australia. Foot of ]M'Adam Range, F. Mueller ; Port Essington, Armstrong. 5. T. exiliflora, F. Muell. Fragm. v. 11. Glabrous or the inflores- oence miuutely hoary-pubescent. Leaves alternate, lanceokte or elliptical, ahnost acute, much narrowcd into the petiole, penniveined, 2 to 4 in. long. Flowers yellow, sniall, rather nunierous, in small axillary shortly pedunculate cymes, the pedicels at length longer than the calyx. Calyx-tube turbinate or ahnost liemispherical, ratlier above \ line long, lobes ovate, lather shorter. Petals about | line diameter. Staminal bundles inflexed, not exceeding the petals, the claws short, each with 2 to 4 filanients, often hairy at the base. Ovary halt" adaate, the suramit very convex, pubescent, not depressed roiind the style, with 3 to 6 pendulous ovules in each cell. Fruit obovoid-globular, about 2 lines dianieter, aduate at the base only, filling the calyx-tube and protruding cousiderably beyond it. Seeds obovoid, not ranch flattened, the testa sotnetimes wiili a short appendage or quite wingless, often lined with a granular substance. (,'otyledons broad, deeply lobed and closely folded over tlie radicle. Queensland. Rockingliain Bay, hallachy. The species is very closely ailied to 71 latiriva, wiih the saine folinge, lioral characters, and fruit, but with the flowers as smaU s.% in T. lactiflua, aud the seeds, as far as known, not wiiiged. 6. T. laurina, R. Br. iu Jit. Hort. Kew. et?. 2. iv. 417. A some- what scrubby shrub iu exposed localities, becoming in moist situations atree, often of great lieight, tlie young shoots more or less glaucous or silky-pubes- cent, especially the under sidc of the leaves, tlie ohler Ibliage ghibrous. Leaves alteruate, lanceolate, elliptical or obovate-lanceolate, acuminate, penniveined, 2 to 4 iu. long, narrowed into a petiole. Flowers yellow, in short axillary cyraes, on a very short couimon peduncle, the pedicels rarely longer thau the ■calyx. Calyx-tube broadly carapanulate, l^ to 2^ lines diameter, lobes small, triangular, distant at the tirae of flowering although inibricate in the young bud. IVtals l-^- to 2 lines long, usually uudulate. Staminal bundles inflexed, scarcely exceeding the petals, the elaws very short, eaeh with 15 to 20 filiunents. Ovary half-adnate, the sumniit very convex, hirsute, not de- pressed round the style, with several (about 10) reflexed ovules in each cell. Capsule obovoid or almost globular, 3 to 5 lines diameter, adnate at the base only, filling the calyx-tube and piotruding considerably beyond it. Sceds oblong, flat, laterally attached near the top, the upper part thiu and winglike, enibryo in the lower thickened portion ; cotyhdons deeply cordate and folded over each other; radieh; superior, rather long. — DO. Prod. iii. 210; F. Muell. Fragra. i. 81 ; Meta/e/read ovcr S. Europe and "\V. Asia, besides the Aus- tralian oncs, which are all endcmic. There is no positivc character to separate it from JEt/ffe>/ia, cxcejit the embryo, and the ]-tlowered species of tiic two genera are not vcry dis- similar in foliaac. Generally speakinjr, howevcr, the JNIyrtlcs have smaller leaves, a more simple iiillorescence, aiid more geuerally 5-merous flowers than the Euffenias of the Old World. Pedunclcs axillary, solitary, slender, l-f1owered. Caiyx-limb shortly and broadly sinuate-lobcd. Ovary 3-eelled . 1. M. rhytisperma. Calyx-limb divided to the base iuto 5 lobes. I.eaves linear or lanceolate, hoary undcrneath. Ovary 2-ceUed 2. M. tenuifolia. Leaves ovate or ovate-laneeolate, acuminate, glabrous. Branelilets angular. Calyx slightly pubcscent. Ovary 2- celled Z. M. gonoclada. Branchlcts terete. Calyx hoary-pubescent. Ovai-y 2-celled, with mauy ovules 4. M. Hillii. Branchlcts terete. Calyx glabrous. Ovary 3-celled, with few ovulcs in each cell h, M. Becklerii. Pcduncles clustered in each axil, or bearing 3 or more flowers. Ovary 2-celled. Caiyx 5-lobed, glabrous. Leaves very shining, usually aenminatc. Flowers numerous. Pedicels usually in pairs in the racemcs. Ovules few . . 6. M. BidtciUii. Leavcs scarcciy shining. Veins oblique and irregular. Pedi- cds slcndcr, solitary along the raccme. Ovules nnmerous . 7. M. racemulosa. Leavcs scarcely shining, acuminate. Veins diverging and regular. Pedicels short, clustei'ed on a very short common peduucle ^. M. acmenioides. Calyx 4-lobed, pubescent 9. M.fragrantissima. 1. M. rhytisperma F. Muell. Fragm. i. 77. A slimb or sniall trce, with tlie liabit of tlie comnion European Myrtle, theyouno; shoots sligbtly pu- bescent, the oldcr foliage glabrous. Leaves oblong-eUiptical or oval-oblong, obtusc, f to 1-^ in.long, navrowed or rounded at the base, finely penniveined, green on both sides. Pedunclcs axillary, 1-flowered, sleuder, nearly as long as the leaves, with minute bracteoles under the calyx. Calyx glabrous or nearly so ; tube turbinate, 1| to 2 bnes long ; lobes 5, short, broad, rounded, connate into a broad sinuate bmb. Petals 5. Ovary iniperfectly 3-celled, the dissepiincnts not reaching the axis in the npper part; ovules 5 or fi in cach cell ; stignia peltate. Berry 4 to 5 lines diameter. Seeds hvi, above 2 lines broad; testa not hard, slightly granuUu--rugose. Embryo long. more or less involute, with vcry sliort cotyledons. Queensland. ^Vide Bay, C. Moore ; Moreton Bay, W. HiU ; in the interior, Leich- hardt. ^'ar. graudifoUa. Leaves ovate, shortly acuminate, l^ in. loug. Flowers larger. N. S. Wales. Clarence river, C. Moore. 2. M. tenuifolia, Sm. in Trans. Lhni. Soc. iii. 280. A small elegant sprea(Hng shrub, the young shoots more or less silky. Leaves from linear- lanceohite to ovatc-huiceoknte, obscurely penniveined, flat or with recurved margins, rarely exceeding 1 in., ghibrous above, hoary or silky-A\hite under- neath. Peduiiolcs axiUary, 1-flowered, shnider, shorter thau tlie leaves. Bracteolcs sniall, closp under the calyx. Calyx-tube tomentose, rather broad, about i linc long; lobcs 5, broad, obtuse, nearly cqual, rather longer than 31pius.] XLVIII. MYRTACE.E, 275 the tube. Petals 5, ovate-orbicular, about 2 lines lonp;. Ovary 2-cellecl ; ovules ratlier numerous in each cell on a 2-loI)e(l placenta. Seeds not nu- merous, testa hartl, embryo semicircular, narrow, with 2 small coiyledons. Queensland. Moreton Island, Backhouse. N. S. Wales. Port Jackson to the Blue Mountaius, R. Broion ; A. and R. Cunnin(/ham, and otliurs ; Clarence and Eichmond rivers, C. Moore. The latter specimeus, as vvell as the IMoretou Islaad on^, are broad-leaved, the Blue Mouutain oues have gencrally narrow leaves. 3. M. gonoclada, T. Muell. Herb. A tree, attaining about 25 ft., quite glabrons, excepting sometiraes the calyx, the young branches often marked with raised lines decurrent from the leaves. Leaves ovate, obtnse or obtusely acuminate, narrovved at the base, smooth and shining, with an intra- marginal vein as in M. acmenioides, but the veins less numerous. Pedicels solitary, 1-flowered, axillary or below the leaves on the young shoot, slightly thickened at the end, articulate, with a pairof minute bracts under thecalyx. Calyx-tube turbinate, glabrous or miuutely hoary ; lobes 5, nearly equal, much shorter than the tube. Petals 5, about 1| lines diameter, minutely pubesceut-ciliate. Ovary pubescent at the top, 5-celled ; ovules rather nu- merous, on a peltate 2-lobed placenta. Fruit not seen. Queensland. IMoreton Bay, C. Stuart. This is very much like the European M. eom- munis, but at once distinguisbed by the 2-celled ovary. 4. M. Hilliiy Benth. A shrub or small tree, glabrous'except the flowers, the branchlets terete. Leaves ovate, acuminate, narrowed into a short petiole, 1 to 2 in. long, very smooth and shining, penniveined, with the veins irregu- larly confluent into an intramarginal one. Pedicels axillary, slender, ^ to f in. long, solitary or 2 or 3 together on a very short common peduncle. Calyx tomentose-pubescent ; tube nearly globular, under 1 line long ; lobes 5, broad, rounded, slightly unequal and rather longer than the tube. Petals 5, 2^ lines long, pubescent and ciliate. Ovary pubescent on the top, very fleshy, 2-celled, with about 16 to 20 ovules in each cell. rruit nearly globular, crowned by the spreading or reflexed calyx-lobes, but not seen ripe. Seeds several. Queensland, W. Hill ; Pine river, Moreton Bay, Fitzalan. 5. M. Becklerii, F.MueU.Fra(jm. ii. 85. A tall shrub, quite glabrous. Leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, cuneate at the base, 1 to 2 in. long, rather thick, penniveined or obscurely triplinerved, the lateral nerves scarcely conspicuous. Peduncles solitary, axillary, filiform, rarely above \ in. long, with very minute bracteoles a short distance from the flowers. Calyx glabrous ; lobes 5, short and broad. Petals not seen. Ovary 3-celled, with 8 to 10 ovules in each cell in 2 rows ; stigma slightly peltate. Fruit glo- bular, about 2 lines diameter. Seeds several, flat, nearly orbicular, the testa minutely granulate-reticulate. N. S. Wales. Mouutain woods, Cloud's Creek, Clareuce river, Beckler. 6. M. Bidwillii, Benth. A shrub or small tree, quite glabrous. Leaves broadly ovate but usually contraeted into a long lanceolate obtuse point, cuneate at the base, on a short broad petiole, 2 to 3 in. long, finely and dis- tantly penniveined, coriaccoiis and verv smooth and shining. Plowers much T 2 276 XLVIII. MYRTACE.E. [MyHus. more numerous tlian in M. racemulosa, in short loose racemes, clustercd in the axils, the pedicels generally in opposite pairs along the rhachis, witli a cluster of 5 at thc end. Calyx-tube short ; lobcs 5 or rarely 4, spreading to a little inore than 1 line diameter. Petals usually 5, sometimes 4 or 6, l^ lines dianieter, minntely ciliolate. Stainens much more nunierous than in M. rocemnlosa, and covering half the radius of the flat disk. Ovary com- pletely 2-celk'd, with a small eluster of ovules in cach cell. *%» Queensland. Witle Bay, Bkhcill. Some speeimeiis of Dallachy's, from Port Denisoii, with less acumiiiate leaves, appear to belong to the same species, but arc iu hud ouly. 7. M. racemulosa, Benth. A small tree, quite ghibrous, the branch- lets terctc or slightly fialtened. Leaves ovatc, obtuse or sliortly acuminate, rounded or scarcely cuneate at the base, 1-| to 2^ in. long, penniveined, with a few of the veins more prominent, the lower ones very oblique, and the lowest pair sometimes forming an intramarginal one nearly to the end. Pe- dicels slendcr, usually 5 or 7 in a loose axillary raceme, not exceeding the leaves, the terminal oue short, the hateral ones longer, solitary and opposite, and sometimes 2 racemes in each axil. Bracteoles minute, close under the flower. Calyx ghdn-ous ; tube somewhat turbinate, uuder 1 line long ; lobes 5, broad, about as long as the tube. Petals 5, fully twicc as long as the calyx-lobcs. Stamens numerous, as in all Myrti, but occupyiug only the raargin of the dislc. Ovary 2-celled, with 12 to 16 ovules in each cell, on a broad placeuta, the disscpiments scarcely complete to the top. Fruit glo- buhir, about 2 lines diameter, crowned by the caiyx-limb. Seeds 1 or 2, nearly globular or reniform ; testa hard. Embryo very loug, irreguhuly twisted or doubly folded or involute, the radicular end thickened, the cotyle- dons very smalL Queensland. Broad Sound, R. Broicn ; Port Dcnison, FUzalan ; Edgecomhe and Eociviiiiiham Ikiys, Ballachj. Var. confcrta. Racemes short, ahnost reduced to the clusters of M. acmenioidcs, but fhe venatiou of tlie leave3 as in M. racemuJosa. — Port Denison, Vitzalan. 8. M. acmenioides, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 77. A tree, of 20 to 40 ft., quite ghibrous, with a reddish bark. Leaves ovate, acuminate, narrowed into a short petiole, l^ to nearly 3 in. long, scarcely shining, flucly penni- veiued, with the veins much more rcgular and diverging tlian in M. racevm- losa, confluent in a tine iutramarginal one. Pedicels ratlicr tirm, 3 to 4 lines long, usually several togethcr in tlie axils or at tlie old nodes, in a chtster or short raceme, on a very short common peduncle. Bracteolcs minute, de- ciduous, close undcr the flower. Calyx-tube broad, about 1 line long ; lobes 5, broad, obtuse, shorlerilian the tul)e, all cqual or the iiuicr one larger with petal-like margins. Petals 5, more or less ciliate, thc outermost about 2 lines diaracter, the others rather smaller. Ovary 2-cellcd, with about 1 2 to 16 ovules in each cell on a 2-lobed placenta. Fruit al)out 2 bnes diameter, usually crowned by the calyx-lobes. Seeds few and sometimes only one, glo- bular, renirorm or hcmispherical ; tcsta hard, smootli and sliiuiug. Embrvo long, spirally invohite, thc radicular cnd tiiickcncd ; cotylcdons very small,' Queensland. ^lorctou Hay aiul Widc Bay, IF. Hill, C. 3Ioore. N. S. Wales. llastings aud Clareuce vivcrs, Beckler, Wilcox. Myrtus.'] xlviii. myrtace^. 27 7 9. M. fragrantissima, F. 3Ii(ell. Herb. A shrub or tree, the young shoots sliglitly hoary. Leaves very sliortly petiolate, broadly ovate, 1 to 2 in. long, glabrous, penniveined, witliout any intrainarg-inal vein. Flowers small, few, in short pednncuUite axillary racemes, with the terniinal oac .■-essile, or the pedicels solitary and 1-flowercd at the base of the slioots. Flowers smaller than in the other species and apparently all 4-merous. Calyx pul)es- cent, the tnbe nearly globuhxr, about 1 line diameter ; lobes 4, rather shorter than the tube. Petals 4, twice as long as the calyx-lol)es. Ovary 2-celled, with ratiier numerous ovules crowded on the small placenta; stigma small. Fruit not seen. Queensland. Moreton Bay, Herb.^F. MueUer. N. S. Wales. Ricliiuond river, G. Moore ? in Herb. F. Mueller. Tlie seeil beiug luikuovvn, tlie genus of tliis plaut nmst be nuccrtaiu, but, uotwithstanding its 4-inerous llowers, it lias iu other respccts niuch more the aspcct of a Mijrlus than of a Eugenia. 40. RHODAMNIA, Jack. (IMouoxora, Wiyht.) Calyx-tube ovoid or nearly globular, not produced above the ovary ; lobes 4, usually persistent. Petals 4, spreading. Stamens numerous, in several series, free ; tilaments filiform ; anthers versatile, with parallel cells, opening longitudinally. Ovary 1-celled, with 2 parietal placentas, each with several ovules ; style filiform ; stigma usually peltate. Berry globular, usually crowned by the caiyx-limb. Seeds usually few, reniform-globular or variously compressed ; testa hard ; embryo horseshoe-shaped, with a long radicle and very small cotyledons. — Shrubs or small trees. Leaves opposite, 3-nerved or triplinerved. Flowers usually snuiU, the pedicels clustered iu the axils or forming very short racemes. Bracteoles small, deciduous. The geniis is spread over tropical Asia, and comprises about a dozen published species, some of which howevcr will probably be reduced ou a eareful scrutiny. The three Austra- lian ones appear to be eudemic, althotigh it is possible, when better kuown, that two of theni may prove to be extreme forms of the most widely spread auiong the Asiatic ones. The 1- celled ovary, with parietal placenta, readily distiuguishes the gejuis from all other SLirtecr, aud the 3-nerved lcaves are only in this genus and in Rhodomijrtus. Plowers sessile in the axils. Lesives acumiuate, mostly above 3 in. long. 1. R. sessilijlora. Flowers in pedunculate cymes. Leaves mostly uuder 3 in. long. Leaves acumiuate, 3-uerved, pubescent nnderneath bnt not white. Calyx glabrous or pubescent 2. R. irinervia. Leaves obtuse, triplinerved, shiuing above, white underneath. Calyx very touieutose 3. -S. argentea. 1. R. sessiiiflora, Benth. Brauches tomentose-pubescent. Leaves ovate, acumiuate, mostly 3 to 5 in. long, glabrous above, inore or less tomen- tose-pubescent underneath, especially on the nerves, triplinerved and reticu- late. Flowers small, usually 3 together, sessile in the axils. Bracteoles small, linear, deciduous. Calyx densely tomentose-pubesceut, about 1 line long ; Ipbes orbicular or ovate, obtuse, unequal, the largest about 1 line diameter. Petals l^ lines diameter. Stamens rather longer. Ovnles numerous, in 3 or 4 irregular rows on each placeuta. Berry small, globular, pubescent, witli 1 to 4 seeds, the calyx-lobes deciduous. Queensland. Rockingham Bay, Ballachij. Evidently nearly allicd to the conunon H. sjjectabilis, Bhimc, but at once distinguished by the scssile llowers aud fruits. 278 XLViii. MYRTACE.i;. [Rhodamttia. 2. R. trinervia, Blume, Mus. Bot. i. 79. A tall shmb or small tree, the voiiii"- shoots, uudcr side of the lcavcs, aud infloresceuce, raore or less velvety-pubescent, but uot white. Leaves ovate-oblong or ovate-lanccohite, acuminate, glabrous and uuich reticnhite above, proraincutly 3-nei*ved froni the base. Peduncles sleuder, axiUary, 3 togethcr in a chister or on a short comraon pcduncle, each with 1 or rarely 3 flowers, with rainute bracteoles under the calyx. Calyx pubesceut or nearly glabrous ; tube about 1 line loug; lobes uearly as long. Petals twice as long as the calyx-lobes. Stameus shorter than the petals. Stigma smnll. Berry globular, about 3 liues dia- raeter or rather more, witli few or with rather numerous seeds. — Myrtus trlnervia, Sm. iu Traus. Linn. Soc. iii. 280; Ettgenia (?) tritiervia, PC. Prod. iii. 279 ; Bot. Mag. t. 3223 ; Munoxora rubescens, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. ii. 219 ; Myrtus melastomoides, F. Muell. Pragm. i. 76. Queensland. Damp woods, Moretou Bay, anJ in llae interior, A. Cunningham, Fraser, W. Hill. N. S. 'Wales. Port Jackson to Ihe Bhie Mountains, R. Brown, Woolls, Miss Atkin- son ; uortliward to Clareuce river, C. Moore ; southward to Illawarra, A. Cunningham, Shepherd, Ralston. 3. R. argentea, Bentli. A tall tree, the young shoots, under side of the leaves, and iufloresceuce more or less silvery-white Avith a close minute touieu- tura. Leaves oval or elliptical, obtuse, narrowed at the base, triplinerved, with transverse veins aud scarcely reticulate, 2 to 3 iu. loug, smooth and shiuing above. Pednncles axillary, solitary or 2 or 3 together, 2 to 4 lines long, each bearing either 3 or a trichotomous cyme of 5 to 9 flowers on very short pedicels. Calyx tomeutose ; tube about 1 line diameter ; lobes about as long as the tube but rather uuequal. Petals slightly tomeutosc, fully tmce as loug as the calyx-lobes. Stamens shorter than the petals. Ovules rather numerous to each placeuta. Queensland. Moretou Bay, A. Cunningham (a doubtful form, with acuminate leaves, louger than as aljove dcscribcd, perhaps disliuct, but thespecimeus iusutiicient). Also amoug Quceusland woods, Exhibition, 1862, W. Ilill. N. S. 'Wales. Clareuce rivcr, C Moore, Wilcox. Thc spccics is vcry ncar R. cinerea, Jack, from which R. spectahilis, Blume, and scveral others may prove not to be specilically distinot. 41. FENZLIA, Emll. Calyx-tube ovoid, not produced abovc the ovary ; lobes 5, acutc, persistent, Petals 5, spreading. StcUneus numcrous, iu several series, free ; fihmieuts fibform ; authers versatile, with parallel cells opening longitudiually. Ovary 1-cclled with a parietal placenta, or ^-ceHcd Avitli the pUioeutas attached to the dissepiment, with 2 or 3 superposed ovules iu each cell ; style fiHform, witli a small stigma. Drupe ovoid or globuhn-, crowned by thc spreading or reflexed calyx-lobes, tlic epicarp thiu, the endooarp thick and bony. Seeds 1 or 2, separatcly euclosod iu the endocarp ; .testa thiu ; erabryo Very long, spirally iuvolute, the outer radicular end somewhat thiokeued', the cotyle- dons bnear, in tbe centre of the coil. — Sln-ubs more or less hoary-tomentose. Leaves opposite, pcuniveiued. Plowers pink, solitary and pediceUate in the axils, with a pair of bractcoles undcr the calyx. Thisgcnus is liinitcd to thc two species cndemic in Australia. Fenzlia?^ XLViii. myrtace^. 279 Leaves usually glabrous above. Calyx-tube aud fruit at length glabrous or moderatcly tomcutose, ovoid \, F. obtttsa. Leavcs touieutose on both sides, usually small. Calyx-tube" and fruit vcry tomeutose, globular 2. F. retusa. 1. F. obtusa, Endl. AtaMn, 19. ^. 17. A low hushy slirub, the young shoots, iuflorescence, aud uu(hn' side of the leaves hoiiry-touicntose. Leaves petiolate, obovate or oblong, vcry obtuse, mostly f to 1 in. long-, coriaceous, fiuely peuuiveiued, smooth aud shiuing above. Pedicels sometimes very short, sometiraes 3 to 4 liues loug, with a pair of subulate bracteoles under the calyx. Flowers pink. Calyx tomentose, the tube ovoid-obloug, about 1 liue long- ; lobes uarrow lanceoLate-subulate, usually louger thau the tube aud uuited at the base iu a short open limb. Petals obovate, 3 to 3 liues loug, pubescent or nearly glabrous. Stamens shorter than the petals. Fruit verv hard, ovoid, 2 to 3 lines long, glabrous or tomentose. Seeds usually 2 or 3. Queensland. Shoalwatcr Bay Passage, Broad Sound, etc., 7J. Broion ; Cape York, AFGillivrai/, W. HiU ; Islands of Torres Straits, Hntcltinsoti, C. Moore ; Rockingham Bay, Dallachj. Var. micropht/Ua. Leaves 3 to 4 lines loug. — Dividing ranges between Thomson and Burdekin rivers, S. Stdherland (a small fragment aud another in Boimitatis collection in Herb. F. IMueller). 2. F. retusa, FAidl. Atnkta, 20. t. 18. Very near F. ohtnsn, but much more stelhite-tomentose. Leaves usually but not always smaller, mostly rmder f in. long, in the original specimens narrow aud notehed at the end, scarcely losing their tomeutum on the upper side. Pedicels short. Plowers snudL Calyx-tube more globular than in F. ubtnsa and densely tomentose, the lobes shorter than the tube. Petals tomentose outside, not so much coutracted at the base in our specimeus as represeuted in the plate. Pruit usually abiiost globidar, rauch smaller than iu F. obtusa, more or less tomentose. N. Australia. Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown ; Victoria river, F. Mueller. 42. NELITRIS, Gsertn. Calyx-tube campauulate, not at all or scarcely produced above the ovary ; lobes 4 or 5. Petals 4 or 5, spreading. Stamens numerous, in several ■series, free ; anthers versatile, with parallel cells openiug lougitudinally. Ovary 4- or 5-celled, with 2 or very few ovules in each cell, and sometiuies eacb cell divided into 2 by a spurious dissepimeut ; style filiform, the stigma in the perfect flowers peltate. Berry globular, crowned by the calyx-lobes. Seeds few, reniform-globose ; testa hard; embryo horseshoe-shaped or circu- Lar, with a long radicle and short linear cotyledous. — Shrubs or sniall trees. Leaves opposite, peuniveiued. Plowers small, pediceUate in axillary racemes, often formiug termiual h^afy panicles. The genus is dispersed over tropical Asia, cspeeially the Indian Archipelago and tbe Pa- cific islan^s, the Austraiian specics apparently identical with the comnionest Asiatic onc. It is nearly allied to Myrtus, but readily distinguished by the uiiiiiber of cells to the ovary. 1. N". paniculata, Lindl. Collect. undcr n. 16. A shrub or small tree, the youug slioots aud iuilorcsceucc sillcy-pubescent. Leavcs ovate-kuiceo- 280 XLViii. MYiiTACEiE. [NelUris. late, acutely acuminate, uarrowed at tbe base, 1 to 2 iu. long, glabrous above, witli line scarcely conspicuous nearly transverse veins, silky-pubescent under- ueath or at lenotb glabrous. Elowers smaller than iu other Australiau Afyrt/es, the raccnies usually shorter or scarcely lougcr thau the leaves, but often forming an elegant leafy pauicle. Calyx very sillcy-pubesceut, the tube about ^ liue long, and the lobes about the same leugtli. Petals twice as loug as tlu^ ealyx-lobes, more or less silky-pubescent. Anthers suiall, iiearly globular. ]ierry aboiit 2 liues diameter. Sceds few, willi a hard tubercular- rugose almost bonv testa ; cotvledons nearly oue-thii'd the leugth of the embryo.— DC. Prod. iii. 231 ;" VVight, Ic. t. 521 ; 3I^rti(s elachanthu, Y. Muell. Pragm. iv. 56. Queenslaud. Moreton Bay, W. Hill ; Pine vvoods, Wide Bay, BcdwiJt. Comniou iii the ludiau Andiipelago up to the Philippine Islands and in the easteru proviuces of India to Khasia. Var. la.viflora. Leaves longer, the veins more or less transverse (ouly visible in thc old lcaves). Flowers more numerous, iu looser racemesaud rather larger, the calyx glabrous or very slighlly pubcscent. Ovary 5-celled with 5 to 7 ovules in each cell (usually 2 or 3 in the coinuiou form). Fruit not secn. Perhaps a distiuct species. — Rockiughani ]iay,I)a/tact'i/. 4.3. EUGENIA, Lhm. (Jossiuia, Cumm. ; Jambosa, BC. ; Syzygium, Gartn. ; Acmena, BC.) Calyx-tube from globular to narrow-turbinate, iiot at all or raore or less produccd above the ovary ; lobes 4, very rarely 5, fiom large and imbricate to very short aud scarcely prominent above the truncate margiu. Petals 4, very rarely 5, eitlier free and spreading, or more or less counivent, or connate and falling oft" iu a single calyptra. Stamens nunierous, in several series, free or obscurely coUected iu 4 Ijundles ; anthers versatile, usually small, tho cells parallcl or very rarely divaricate, opening lougitudinally. Ovary 2- celled or very rarely (in species not Australiau) 3-celled, with several ovules in each cell, or ouly 2 iu an American section. Fruit a berry or sometimes ahuost a dnipe, or nearly dry with a tibrous rind. Seeds either solitary and globose, or few aud variously-shaped by compressiou ; testa membrauous or cartihiginous ; eiul)ryo thick aud fleshy, with a very short radicle, tlie cotyle- dons eithcr uuited in au apparently homogcneous mass or more or less separ- abh;. — Trees or shrubs. Leaves opposite, penuiveiued. Flowers (in the Australian speeies) either solitary in the axils, or in lateral or termiual tri- diotomous cymes or panieles. A most uumerous genus, spread over the tropical and subtrupical rcgions bolh of the Nevv aud Ihe Old World. Of the 16 Australiau spccies 12 or 13 are eudcmic, 3 or perhaps 4 commou to Jiast ludia and the Archipehigo. The geuus has bcen variously subdivided iuto sectioHt or geuera by diflercut botanists accordiug to vvhctlier they have vvorkcd chiefly upou .Vi.icricau or upou Asiatic species. The most convcuicut eourse, hovvever, appcars to l)c that ])roposcd by AVight, A. Gray, and olhors, to retaiu uuder the gcnus all Mijrtea with lleshy fiuits and thick lleshy cotylcdous vvith a vcry short radiclc, except, perhaps, a vcry fuw American species with veiy dilFerent floral characters. Si;cr. I. Eueugenia. — Fedicels sliort, \-jlowered, solitary or 2 together in the aiits or at /tie otd /lode.i. Cati).v-lube not at att or scarceti/ produced above the ovary. Petuts free and .sjticadiiii/ \. E. carissoides. gti T. II. Syzygium. — Ftowers iii tric/i.otumuus jMiiicles or ci/mes. Culi/x-tube more Eugenia.'] XLViii. myrtace.B. 281 or less produced above the ovary, the border entire or very shortly sinuately-lobed, or with more prominent btit very deciduous loles. Petals more or less coherhuj in a calyptra, or rarely spreading aud separafeJy deciduous. Flowers in loosc panicles, terminal or in the upper axils. Paiiicles corymbose. Petals cobering. Auther-cells divaricate . 2. E. Smithii. Panicles obloug or pyramiclal. Petals often more or less distinct. Authcr-cells parallel 3. -£". Veiitenatii. Flowcrs in dcuse or trichotomous pauicles, lateral ou the old wood. Pauicles reduced to a short dcuse corymb or head. liuds loug, slender and clavate. Stameus very short. Leaves narrow . 4. E. leptantha. Paniclcs trichotomous, divaricate. Bnds nearly globular. Lcavcs ' large, broad, rigid, shining and reticulate 5. E. Jambolana. (See also 8. E. grandis, with dense pauicles mostly termiual, which has ahuost the calyx oi Syzygitim.) Sect. IIL Jambosa. — Flotvers in trichotomous panicles or cymes. Caly.r-tube more or less produced aboue the ovary, prominently lobed, the lobes usually persistent. Petals free aiid spreading. Flowers in divaricate trichotomous cymes or panicles, lateral ou the old wood. Calyx-tnbe urceolate, 4 to 5 lines loug. Outer stamens above 1 iu. long. Fruit large, ovoid 6. JS". cormiflora. Calyx-tube turbinate, about 2 liues loug. Stamens scarcely above \ in. long. Fruit nearly globular 1. E. Tierneyana. Flowers large, in a large trichotomous termiual pauicle. Leaves broad, ohtuse, coriaceous. Calyx-tube turbiuate. Calyx-tnbe sessile, about 3 lines long ; lobes very short . . . 8. -E'. grandis. Calyx-tube nearly 5 lines long, tapering into a thick pedicel; lobes 3 to 5 lines ..... . ' 9. ^. suborbicularis. Flowers in a dense terminal sessile cyme. Calyx-tube narrow- clavate. Stamens purple, J to 1 iu. long. Leaves long . . 10. E. Wilsonii. Flowers rather large, few iu a termiual cyme. Calyx-tube turbinate ; lobes as loug as the tube. Leaves loug, narrow, very obliqnely aud irregularly veined . . 11. .£'. eucalyptoides. Leaves ovate or clliptical, under 3 iu. loug, with fine irregiilar very diverging veius 12. E. myrtifolia. > Flowers rather sniall, in a corymbose terminal panicle. Calyx tur- binate-campanulatc, uuder 2 lines long ; lobes sraall. Flowers taperiug at the base, sessile or nearly so. Calyx usually 5-lobed 13. E. angophoroides. Flowers distinctly pedicellate. Calyx 4-Iobed. Calyx-lobes very deciduous, leaviug a truncate margin at the time of flowcring Z. E. Ventenatii. Calyx-Iobes persistent at the time of ilowering 14. E. Armstrongii. Flowcrs iu slender trichotomous cymes, opposite on young shoots or iu terminal pairs. Calyx-lobes very small 15. E. oleosa. Flowers 3 or few iu axillary cymgs. Calyx-lobes rather large. Leaves 2 to 3 in. long, lincly and transversely penniveined . . 12. E. myrtlfolia. Leaves broad, 3 to 5 in. long, almost triplincrvcd 16. E. Dallachiana. Specimens are before rae of two other species, probably Eugenias, hut insufficient for definition. One, a shrub, evidcntly allied to E. myrtifolia, but with largcr niore coriaccous leavcs, aud a looser more divaricate iufloresccuce, from Albany island, W. Hill. The other, with thc foliage nearly of the E. Indiau E. nervosa, but the calyx quite different ; leaves only aud uuripe loose fruits without perfect seeds {E.juctinda, F. Mnell.); Rockingham Bay, Ballachy. Segtion 1. EuEUGENl.v. — PccUcels short, l-Howcrcd, solitarv ov 2 toojether 283 XLViii, MYRTACEiE. {Eugenla. in the axils or at the old nodes. Calyx-tube (in the Old World species) not at all or scarcely produced above the ovary. Petals free and spreading. This section, more defiQitely characterizeJ hy the inflorescence than hy the calyx, com- prises oiily a fcw of thc Old '^'orld spccies, but vcry nunieroiis American ones, and, accordingto the views of those who have studied chieHy Amcrican Mijrtacecp, should, with other specics having a racemose or elustered (not trichotomous or cymose) axillary inflores- cence, constitute the whole geuus Eugenia, to the exclusion of Sysygium and Jambosa. 1. E. carissoides, F. Muell. Fragm. iii. 130. A shrub, with short divaricat(^ ghxbrous brauches. Leaves shortly petiolate, ovate orbicuhar or almost rhomboidal, very obtuse, f to l^ in. long, coriaceous, irregularly pen- niveined and loosely reticulate. Flowers soHtary or 2 togcther at the ohl nodes, nearly sessile or on pedicels rarely 2 liues long. Calyx ghabrous or minutely pubescent ; tu])e campanulate, about 1 line loug, not produced above the ovary ; lobes 4, nearly orbicular, persistent, about as loug as the tube. Petals 4, spreading aud falling off separately. Anthers short. Ovules rather numerous. Berry globular, 3 to 4 lines diameter, and 1-seeded, or oblong witli 2 superposed seeds, or broader than long and somewhat didy- mous with 2 collateral seeds, crowned by the calyx-lobes. — E. liypospodia, F. MueU. Fragm. v. 15. Qneensland. Northumberlaud Islands, i2. Broion ; Cape Xqx\, M' Gillivray ; cora- mou on rocks at Port Denison and Rockingham Bay, BaUachy. The species is verv ucarly allied to, and perhaps nol really distinct from, E. rariflora, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. ii. 221 ; A. Gray, Bot. U. S. Expl. Exped. i. 514, t. 60, a species widely spread over the S. Pacific islands, and differing chiefly, as far as knowu, in its much larger fruit. Section 2. Syzygium. — Flowers in trichotomous panicles or cymes. Calyx-tube more or less produced above the ovary, the border entire or very shortly sinuately-lobed, or with more prominent but very deciduous lobes. Petals more or less cohering in a calyptra and fidling off together, or rarely spreading and separately deciduous. These species are all natives of the Old World, although a very few have in some measurc become naturalized in some parts of tropical .\mcrica. The section is often considered as a geuus, but there are too many species in which the character derived from the calyx aud pctals is doubtful or variable, to allovv of its being distinctly separable from Jambosa. 2. E. Smithii, Poir. Dict. Siippl. iii. 126. A trec, sometimes small and sleudm-, but attaining in some places a considerable height, quite ghn- brous. Leaves petiohite, from ovate to ovate-obloug or ovate-hnnceohate, obtuse or more or less acuminate, navrowed at the base, mostly 2 to 3 in. long, smooth and fiuely penniveined. Flowers small and numerous, in a ter- minal trichotoraous panicle, sometimes corymljose and shorfer tlian the leaves, sometimcs longer and more pyrami(hnL Bracts miuute and deciduous. Calyxtube tnrbinate, about 1 line long, thc free part very niuch broader; lobes either all very short broad and scarcely prominent, or 1 or 2 rather larger ahnost pctal-like and deciduous. Real petals 4, imifed in a small flat very decicbious ca1\q3tra. Stamens scarcely 1 line long; authers small, with distiuct gh)l)ular divaricate cells. Ovules rather numerous. Fruit white or purple, globular, i to ^ in. diameter, crowned by the circidar prominent calyx-rim ; endocarp thick and hard. Cofyledons closely combiued. — E. el- Uptica, Sm. iu Trans. Linn. Soc. iii. 281, not of Lam. ; Bot. Mag. t. 1872 ; Eugenia.'] XLViil. MYRTACEiE. 283 Myrtus SmitJui, Spveng. Syst. ii. 487 ; Acmena Jloribunda, var. /8, DC. Prod. iii. 262 ; Bot. Mng. t. 5480 (wrong as to the petals) ; Syzygium h-achyne- mum, F. Muell. Fragm. iv. 59 and Pl. Vict. Suppl. t. 18 (tlie petals uot quite correct) ; probably also Acmena Kingii, G. Don, Gard. Dict. ii. 851. N. Australia. Port Essington, Armslrong. Queensland. Cape York, W. IlUl ; Eockingham Bay, Ballachj ; Brisbane river, Moretou Bay, J^. Mueller. N. S. 'W'ales. Port Jackson to the Blue Mountains, U. Brown, and others ; north- ward to Hastings, Clarencc, and ^racleay rivers, Beckler, Wilcox ; >few England, C. Stuart ; southward to IUawarra, A. Ciinninyliam ; Twofold Bay, V. Mueller. Victoria. Snowy lliver, Lake King, Sealers' Cove, Cape Wilson, etc., known as "Lilly PiUies," F. 3Iueller. The authers with divaricate cells are, so far as hitherto observed, exceptional in the genus. 3. £!. Ventenatii, Benth. A tall tree, quite glabrous. Leaves petio- late, oblong-lauceolate or rarely ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, narrowed at the base, mostly 3 to 5 iu. loug, tinely penniveined as in E. Smithii. Plowers larger than in that species, in compound thyrsoid or oblong pauicles, the pedicels short but slender and distinct. Biuls nearly globular. Calyx-tube broadly turbinate-carapanuhate, about 1|- lines long, the adnate portiou very short, the margin truncate with 4 lobes or teeth very short, or if larger and petal-like fidling oflt" as the flower expands. Petals 4, ovate, concave, under 1 line loug, nsually distinct and very deciduous, but according to P. Mueller sometimes cohering, and occasionally there is an inner series of smaller ones. Stamens attaining about 2 lines ; anther-cells parallel. Ovules about 10 in each cell. Pruit not seen. — Metrosideros Jtoribiutda, Vent. Jard. Malm. t. 75, not of Sm. ; Syzijgiunifioribnndum, P. Muell. Pragm. iv. 58. Queensland. Rockingham Bay, Ballachy ; Brisbane river, Moreton Bay, F. Mneller, W. Hill, C. Sfuart ; Ipswich, Veruet ; also in R. Brown s coWection without a labeL N. S. Wales. Clareuce river, Beckler. 4. E. leptantha, Wight, Illustr. ii. 15, and Ic. ^.528. A tree ? gla- brous but pale, or the intioresrence hoary-pubescent. Leaves from oval-cliip- tical to oblong-hvuceolate, obtusely acuminate, narrowed into a very sliort petiole, 4 to 5 in. loug, fiuely penniveined. Plowers in short deuse raceme-like cymes, almost reduced to heads, on the previous year's wood, either in the axils of the old ieaves or at the nodes of the denuded branches, tlie pedunclcs and pedicels veiy short. Calyx-tube 5 to 6 lines long, very narrow, clavate, glabrous or powdery-pubescent, the free part short, slightly dilated, obscurely sinuate-toothed. Petals cohering and falling off together iu a sraall calyptra. Stamens short. Ovules 12 to 20 in each cell. Pruiting cynies looser, the calvx cvliudrical, but not seen ripe. — Syzygium longifiorum, Wall. Cat. Herb. lud. n.'3572. Queensland. Rockinghani Bay, Dallaclii/. — The species is also found in the Ma- layan Peniusula. 5. C Jambolana, Lam. Dict. iii. 198. A tall shrub or tree, attaining soraetimes a considerable size, quite glabrous. Leaves oval-oblong, obtuse or shortly acumiuate, usually 4 to 6 in. loug and 2 to 3 in. broad, but some- times louger, very firm, shining, with numerous fiue pinnate veins and reti- cuhite between tlieui, the priucipal oues confiuent but not forming a regular intramarginal vein. Plowers not largc, numerous, in broad trichotomous 284 XLViii. MYKTACEvE. \Eugenia. panicles hiteral ou tlie old wood below the leaves, the ultiniate cymes dense. Calvx sessile, tiu'binate-campanuLate, the lobes very sliort and broad at tlie margin, almost entire when the flower is fidly out. Petals cohering and fall- ing oft' together in a calyptra. Berry roundish, from the size of a cherry to that of a pigeon's egg, usually with a single seed {Roxhimjh). — Wight, II- lustr. ii. 16, and Tc. t. 535, 624 ; Syzijcjiuin Jambolanum, DC. Prod. iii. 259 ; Wight and Arn. Prod. 329, with the synouyms adduced ; Eur/enia Moorei, ^. Muell.Fraom. v. 33. Queensland. Albauy islaiid, W. Ilill. N. S. Wales. Tvveed river, C. Moore. Very comiuou in East ludia aod the Arcliipelago, where the fruit is much eaten. Section III. Jambosa. — Flowers in trichotomous panicles or cyraes, calyx-lube more or less produced above the ovary, proraiuently lobed, the lobes usually persistent. Petals free and spreading. This section, like Syzygium, is limited to the Old World, excepting where naturalized from cultivatiou. 6. E. cormiflora, F. Muell. Frajm. v. 32. A tree of 30 to 40 ft., with a tine head {DaUachy). Leaves ovate-elliptical to alraost oblong, obtuse or shortly acuminate, 3 to 5 in. long, narrowed into a petiole often \ in. long, not very thick, the principal veius rather distaut aud uniting irregnlarly far within the margin. Flowers large, in sliort trichotomous cymes, clustered on tlie trunk not above 3 ft. from the ground, the peduncles and pedicels very short. Calyx-tube urceolate, nearly ^ in. long, very thick, the free part short, dilated at the top ; lobes 4, very unequal, the lai'gest nearly orbicidar, 4 to 5 lines broad. Petals 4, ft-ee, broad, unequal, the largest above \ in. long. Staiuens erect aud more rigid tlian in raost species, the outer ones above I in. long ; anthers oblong. Ovary very thick aud tleshy, with 2 small cells, each with about 8 ovules. Fruit ovoid-urceolate, crowned by the calyx-lobes, nearly 2 iu. long, Queensland. Rockiughara Bay, Dallachy ; Maryborough, W. Hill. The species ap- pear to bu viryuearly allied to E. Malaccensis, Linu., commou iu ludia aud the Archipelago. 7. E. Tierneyana, F. Mudl. Fragm. v. 14. A tree of 60 to 70 ft., with au ashy bark and spreading branches {Dallachy), quite ghabrous. Leaves ellii)lical-oblong to almost obovatg, shortly and obtusely acuniinate, 3 to 6 in. long, narrowed iuto a short petiole, not very thick, the primary nerves rather distant and uniling far within the raargiu. Flowers rather largc, not nuraerous, iu loose trichotomous cymes on the old wood, in the axils of the old leaves or at the nodes of denuded brauches, not exceeding the leavcs and often several from the sanie node. Calyx-tube turbinate, about 3 lines long, rapidly contracted into a short pedicel; lobes 4, orbicular, distinct, luicqual, the largest nearly 2 lines, the sraallest scarcely above 1 line diameter. Petals nearly 4 lines diameter, spreading and separately deciduous. Stamens half as long again as the petals. Ovary in the narrow base of the calyx, with numerous ovules in each cell. Fruit globular, red, about \ in. diamcter. Queensland. Rockiugham Bay, the red fruit produccd iu large quautics and making very good jani, Bnllachy. The species is vcry nearly allicd to thc E. ludiau E. lauri- folia, Roxb., dillering chietly in the lcaves noi-rowed at thc base. Eugenia.l XLviir. myrtace.e 285 8. E. grandis, TFigJit, Illnstr. ii. 17, and Ic. t. Gl-i, A lavgo and haiitl- some tree, qiiite glabrous. Lcaves from broadly oval to oval-obloug, obtuse or obtusely acumiuate, 4 to 6 iu. long, very lirm and sliiuing as iu E. Jam- bolana, but tliicker, and the vcins more distant, formiug a continuous intra- murginal ncrve. Flowers rathev large and numerous, in dcnse trichotomous cymes, either terminal ov in the uppev axils. Calyx-tube thick, tuvbinate, shovtly pvoduced above the ovavy, about 3 lines long ; lol)es 4, bvoad and shovt but unequal, weaving off aftev floweviug. Petals nsually spveadiug aud falling oft" sepavately. Pvuit globulav, white, above 1 in. diametev, with 1 or 2 seeds, ov smallev with 1 seed. — E. cymosa, Roxb. Fl. lad. ii. 492, not of Lam. ; E. firma, AVall. Cat. Herb. Ind. n. 3603; Byzygiim grande, Walp. Rep. ii. 180 ; Jambosa grandis and J.firma, Blume, Mus. Bot. i. 108 % Eitgenia fortis, E. Muell. Fvagra. v. 13. Queeusland. Lizard hhnHs, Ba^iks and Sotai/der ; Albany islancl, W. Hill ; Roclc- ingbam H;iy, Bdllacluj. Tbe species is widcly spread over tbe eastern provinces of Indi.i and tbe Archipelago. It is pbiced by Wigbt in the secfiou Syzyyiuin aud by Blume in Jamhosa, and is in some rcspccts intermcdiatc between the two, 9. El. suborbicularis, Benth. A tree attaining a considerable size, quite glabvous. Leaves broadly obovate ov almost ovbiculav, very obtuse, 4 to 6 in. long, on a rather long petiole, coviaceous but not so thick and shin- ing as in E. grandis, witli numerous parallel diverging veius, conflueut within the margin, and finely reticulate betweeu them. Flowers large, in a short terminal ti-icliotomous cyme. Calyx-tube narrow-turbinate, 7 to 8 lines loug, broad and campanulate above the ovary ; lobes 4, broad, the innev ones neavly \ in. diametev, with scavious mavgins, the outer ones vathev smaUev. Petals spreading and separately deciduous, the lavger outer one neavly f in. dia- meter. Stamens exceedingly numerous, readily sepavable in the bud into 4 pavcels. Ovules ascending. Queensland. Cape York and Eudeavour river, W. Eill, N.E. coast, A. Cunningliam. 10. S. Wilsonii, E. Mnell. Fragm. v. 12. Glabvous. Leaves bvoadly lanceolate, acuminate, 5 to 6 in. long, rounded at the base, with a short petiole, finely and transversely penniveined. Flowers large, in a short dense terrainal cyrae almost contracted into a head. Calyx-tube very narrow-tur- binate, about 4 lines long ; lobes 4, rounded, about 1 line diameter and nearly equal. Petals about \\ lines diameter, sepavately deciduous. Stamens ved- dish-piivple, the longev ones neavly 1 in. long. Anthers small. Ovary about half the length of the calyx-tube, concave at the top and scavcely fleshy. Ovules numevous in each cell, in 2 vows, ascending fvora a pendulous pla- ceuta. Fvuit ovoid, about ^ in. long, navvowed at the top and cvowned l)y the sraall calyx-lobes. Seeds usually 2 ov 3 ; cotyledons thick and fleshy but sepavate. Queensland. Rockingbam Bay, Dallacliij. 11. E. eucalyptoides, F. Muell. Tragm. iv. 55. A tall shvub or small tvee, glabvous and soraewliat glaucous, with pendulous bvanches. Leaves lanceolate, ofteu falcate, 4 to 6 in. long ov more, narrowed into a very short petiole, veraotely and ivregvdarly penniveiued aud reticulate, the principal veins raore or less confluent at some distance from tlie edge. Flowers ratlier 386 XLviii, MYRTACEyi!;, [Euffenia. large, few, in compact terminal cymes. Calyx-tiibc broadly turbiiiate, about 3 lines long, tlie free part broad ; lobes 4, broadly orbicular, the inner larger ones alraost as long as the tube. Petals orbicubir, the larger outer ones fully 3 lines diameter, all separately deciduous. Ovary about half the length of the calyx ; ovules incurved, acurainate. Fruit globuLnr, l-sec^ded, crowned by the calyx lirab, but only seen young. — Jambosa eucalyptoides, F, Muell, Fragm. i. 226. N. Austi-alia. Gravelly places on the Victoria river, F. Mueller. From the appear- ance of the leaves, thcir shape and venatiou, they are probably vertical as in many specics of Eucalyidus. 12. E. myrtifolia, Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 2230. An evergreen glabrous shrub. Leaves petiolate, varying from oval-oblong or abnost obovate to oblong-elliptieal or abnost lanceolate, obtuse or acuminate, 2 to 3 in. long, cuneatc or narrowed at the base, finely and abnost transversely penniveined. Peduncles axillary, lateral or terminating sl\ort leafy shoots, bearing usually 3 or 5 flowers but sometimes more, in a loose trichotomous panicle. Calyx- tube turbinate, \\ to nearly 2 lines diameter ; lobes veiy unequal, the hargest nearly as long as the tube. Petals nearly 3 liues diaraeter, spreading and separately deciduous. Outer stamens nearly \ in. long, Ovaryabout \ the length of the calyx-tube, with a cluster of 8 to 10 ovides in each cell. Fruit red, ovoid or ncarly globular, crowned by the calyx-limb. — Bot, Eeg. t. 627 ; Lodd. Bot, Cab. t. 625 ; E. australis, Wendl. in Link, Enum. Hort. Berol. ii. 28 ; CoUa in Hort. Ripul. App. t. 8 ; Jambosa australis, DC, Prod, iii. 287 ; J. Tliozetiana, F, Muell. Fragm. i, 225. Queensland, Moreton Bay, F. Mueller, C. Stuart ; Wide Bay, Bidwill ; Kock- hanipton, Dallachi/, Tkozet ; Ipswich, Nernst. N. S. 'Wales. Botany Bay,)ff««fo and Solander ; Hunter's River, ZJ. Broicn, Macleay ; Hastings aud Clarence rivcrs, Beclcler; Illawarra, A. Cunninghum, Shepherd. 13. E. angophoroides, F. Muell. Fragm. v. 33. A glabrous tree. Leaves petiolate, oblong-lanceolate or elliptical, acumiuate, niostly 2 to 3 in. long, narrowed at the base, finely penniveined as in E. Ventenatii, but the veins more prominent, and not so much rcticulate as in E. Armstrongii. Flowers in a compound tcrmiual corymbose panicle, shorter than the leaves. Bvuls obovoid, nearly sessile or ta]jering iuto a very short pedicel. Calyx- tube turbinate, scarcely niore than 1 line long, and about l^ lines diameter; lobes or teeth either 5, all small and triangular, or one larger and more petal- like. Petals broad, about 1 line diamcter, separately deciduous. Stamens about 3 lines long. Ovules several in each cell of the ovary. Fruit un- known. Queensland. Rockinfcham Bay, Ballachy. With the habit and aspect of E. Vente- natii, but readily distinguished by the more sessiJe flowcrs as well as by the calyx and petals. 14. E. Armstrongii, Benth. A glabrous tree. Leaves petiokte, ob- long-lanceohit(!, obtusely acuminate, narrowed at the base, mostly 3 to 5 in. loug, more coriaccous than in E. Ventenatii, the intramarginal vein more dis- tant from the cdge. Flowers in a rather dense corymbose termiual panicle, much sliortcr than the leavcs. Calyx-tul)e turbinate-eampanulate, about l^ lobes short and very broad, the inner ones larger and often petal- Euffeuia.] xlviii. myutace.e. ^ 287 like on the marc,-in. Petals (inite separate, l^ to 2 lincs (Hamctev. Staraens rather lono-er than the petals. Ovary very short in the bottom of the calyx, with about 6 recurved ovules in each cell. W. Australia. Port Essington, Arrmtrong ; N. coast, A. Cunnin(jham. 15. E. oleosa, I. Muell. Iragm. v. 15. A small handsome tree of 15 to 20 ft. (Ballachy), (luite g-laln-ous. Leaves froni eliiptical to lanccolate, acuminate, narrowed at the base, 2 to 3 or rarely 4 in. long, not very thiek, the veins oblique and promineut underneath. Plowers white, remarkable for their long slender stamens, in trichotomous pedunculate cymes, either oppo- site at the base of the new shoots, or terminal in pairs, the pcduncles, branches and pedicels slender. Calyx narrow-turbinate, nearly 3 lines long, tapering into a pedicel, sometimes short, sometimes as long as the calyx ; lobes 4, ovate or broad, about \ line long. Petals quite separate, about "l^ lines dia- meter. Pilaraents very numerous aud fiue, \ in. long or more. Ovary not half so long as the calyx-tube, with about 8 ovules in eacli ccU ; style long aiul slender. Pruit globidar. Queensland. Rockingham Bay, Ballachi/. Very near E. rivularis, Seem., from the Fiji Islauds, but the veins of the leaves are not nearly so numerous or close, and moi'e oblique, and the stamens ueaiiy twice as long as in that species. 16. E. (?) Dallachiana, F. Muell. Herb. Leaves broadly ovate, 3 to 5 in. long, of a thiuner consistence than in most Eagenlas, and the one or two lower pairs of veins more prominent than the others, and continued alniost to the apex of the leaf, so as to make it appear almost triplinerved or quintu- plinerved like some Rhodomyrti. Cymes axdlary, pedunculate, rather loose, and apparently only few-flowered, but the specimens seen are only in young fruit. Calyx-tube in that state nearly globular, about 3 lines diameter, not produced above the ovary ; lobes 4, broad, spreading, uncqual, all shorter than tlie tube. Petals not seeu. Eemains of stamens those of Eugoiia. Ovary 2-ceIled, with rather numei-ous oviUes in each cell, but oidy one or two from the same cell enlarged. Young seed apparently that of Eugenia, but iiot far enougli advanced to determine. Queensland. Rockingham Bay, DaUachy. The aspect of this plant is very different from that of any Eugenia known to me, yet, as far as the specimeus go, they supply no cha- racter to separate it from the genus. Tribe IV. Lecythide.^. — Ovary divided more or less completely iuto 2 or more cells. Fruit woody fibrous or fleshy, indehiscent or opeuiug in an operculum at the top. Leaves alteruate, not dotted. SuBTRiBE I. Barringtonie^. — Stamcns iuserted on a regular broad or cup-shaped disk (not unequally produced on oue side as in the American Eulecythidece). Fruit fibrous or fleshy but not woody, Calyx usually almost, but uot quite valvate. 44. BARRINGTONIA, Forst. (Stravadium, Juss.) Calyx-tnbe ovoid or turbinate, not at all or scarcely produced above the ovary, the limb either closed in the bud and splittiug into 2 to 4 valvate segments or rarely with 3 or 4 lobes, imbricate in the biid. Petals 4 or 5, 2S8 XLViii. mvrtacEjE. [Bnrrinfftonia. adheriiigat tlic base to tlie stamiiial cup. Stamens nnmeroiis, in soveral series, sliortly nnited at tlie l)ase into a ring or cup ; antliers sniall, with parallel eells opciiint;: longitudinally. Ovary inferior, with an annnlar (lisk on the top within thc stainens, 2- to 4-celled, witli 2 to 8 ovnles in eneh cell, horizontal or pendulous, in 2 rows ; style tiliform with a sraall stigma. Fruit pyramiflal ovoid or obloiig, hard and fibrous, indehiscent. Seed usnally solitary, with a thiek testa ; embryo nndivided, consisting of a thick woody stratum, and a more or less distinct pitli in the ceutre. — Trees. Leaves alternate, nsually crowded at the ends of the brauches, penniveined and not dotted. Flowers in terminal or lateral spikes or raceraes. Bracts small and deciduons, The genus is confiued to the tropical regions of the Old World. The Australian species !irc both widely dispersed over the Indian Archipelago, and one is also common in East Iiidia. Leaves oftca above I ft. loug. Flovvers large, in short racemes. Sta- mens 2 to 4. in. long. Fruit large 1. B. speclosa. Leaves uuder 0 in. long. Flowers snia]], ia long racemcs. Stamens 3 to 4 tiucs ]ong. Fruit snia]] 2. B. acutangula. 1. B. speciosa, Lirm.f.; DC. Prod. iii. 288. A large handsome tree. Leaves sessile, obovate, entire, attaining more than 1 ft. in length. FloAvers very large, in short terininal racemes, the rhachis thick, the pedicels 1 to 2 in. long. Calyx deeply divided into 2 or 3 oval-oblong coiicave ahuost leaf- like seginents, above 1 in. long. Petals from half as long again to twice as long as the calyx-segments. Stamens very numerous, red, 2 to 4 in. loug. Ovary imperfectly 4-ceIled, witli about 6 ovules in each cell. Fruit hirge, pvrainidal, 4-angled, crowned by the persistent calyx-lobes. — Wight, Ic. t. 547. Queensland. Cape York and Dayman's Istand, Endeavour Straits, W. iZzV/.— Widely dispersed ovcr the Lulian Archipeiago and Pacific Islands. The Australian specimeus are imperfect, but thcre is vcry ]itt]e doubt of their identity vvith the Archipetago p]ant, from wliich the above desci-iption is taken. Sonie specimens, nained B. calypiraia, by R. Br., from the Lizard Islands, Ba7ilcs and Solauder, have the foliage nearly of B. speciosa, but tiic flovvers in loug raccmes ]i]viy%, DaUachi/ , Cleveland Kity, Bowinaii. The species is couimon iu Ccylou and the Indian Peninsula, and perliaps also in the Mauritius. Specimcns of a tree from the Clareuce river, Beckler and Wilcox, and froin Richinond rivcr, C. Mooro, in fruit oiily and bearing F. Mueller's MSS. name of Nelitris (r'J ingeiis, in:iy possibly belong to a Memecijlon, although unlike any specics known to me. The icaves are ])ennivciiicd, not unlike those of Eugenia myrtifolia, but rather larger and not dotted. The fruits are in cymes, either terminal or in the upper axils, globose, very hard, about 1 in. diameter, markcd with the scar of the calyx-limb. Seed 1 only, globular. Embryo thick and hard, thc cotyledons very complicately folded and contortuplicate as in Memecijlon. Order L. LYTHRARIE^. Calyx-tube free, but usually enclosing the ovary ; lobes or primary teetli 4, 5, or sometimcs more, vciT rarely 3, valvate in the bud, the sinus sometiines pro- dticed externaliy into as many accessory teeth . Petals as many as primary calyx- teeth or lobes, rarely deticient, inserted at the top of the calyx-tube, usiudly crunipled in thebucl. Stamens as many or twice as maiiy as petals or fewer, or rarely indetinite, iuserted in the calyx-tube at various heights ; tihiments infleetcd in the bud ; anthers versatile, witli parallcl cells opeiiing longitu- dinally. Ovary free froni the calyx, but usually enclosed iu its tid)e, 2- or more-eelled, or rarely 1-celled by the abortiou of the partitious ; style siuiple, the stignia capitate or rarely 2-lobed. Ovules tisually nunierous, auatropous, attaclied to thc axis, or very rarely parietal. Fruit a membranous coriaceous or hard capside, variously dehisceut, enclosed in or surrounded by the per- sistent calyx, the valves usually detaching theraselves frora the central per- sistent phieentiferous column. Seeds without albumen ; testa coriaceous, membrauous or rarely thick ; embryo straight ; cotyledons oblong or orbi- cuhu--cor(h»te ; radiele short, or rarely cotyledons small and radicle long. — Ilerljs shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite, verticilhite or sometimes alteruate, entii'e, without stipiUes. FloAvers in axillary or tcrmiqal panicles cyines or clustcrs, rarely solitary. A considerablc Ordcr, some of the herbaceous genera spread over Ihe greater part of the plobc, thc largcr woody-stcnmied ones confined to the tropics in tlic Old or the New World. Thc five Australian gentra are all Asiatic, three of thcm at least are also African, and the two herbaccous gencra extend to Amcrica and Europe. Annuai or perennial hcrbs, very rarcly becoming woody at the base. Calyx short, membranous, the ribs inconspicuous or cnly as niany as primary teeth ; accessory teeth minute or none. Petals very small or noiie ... 1. AmmaiNNIA. Calyx narrow, with tvvice as many ribs as primary tecth ; accessory tecth prominent. Petals usually conspicuous 2. Lythuum. Shrubs or trees. Stamens twicc as many a? pptals. L. LYTHRARIEiE. 295 Calyx-lobes 6, with acccssory teeth. Capsule enclosed in the calyi. Maritime shrub, with solitary flowers iu the upper axils ... 3. Pemphis. Cahx-lobts 4, without accessory tceth. Capsule cxserted. Flowers iu lcafy pauiclcs . . . . " .4. Lawsonia. Stanieus indctiuitc. Calyx-lobes 4 to 8, withont accessory teeth. Fruit large, lieshy. Flowers large, 1 to 3 in the uppcr axils .... 5. Sonnekatia. 1. AMMANNIA, Liini. (Rotala, Linn. ; Ameletia, BC.) Calyx membranoiis, short, the ribs iiot at all, or tlie primary ones only, proraitient, with 4 or 5, rarely 3 or 6 priinary teeth, without any or with very small external accessory ones. Petals sraall and fui>acious or none. Stamens as many as primary calyx-teeth, or twice as raany or fewer, inserted towards the raiddle of the tubeor lower down. Ovary 2- to 5-celled, or 1-celled by tlie abortion of the partitions. Style often short, with a capitate stigma. Capsule im;hided in tlie persistent calyx or protniding from it, openiiig in septicidal valves or bursting irreguUirly. Seeds very small. — Annual herbs, cliietly frequentiug wet situatioiis, nsually gUibrous, with a 4-angled stem. Leaves opposite or verticillate. Plowers very small, stibsessile or pediceUate, soHtary or iii trichotomous cymes or ckisters, with a pair of small bracteoles under the calyx, somctimes very miimte or scarcely conspicuous. A cousiderable genus, chicfly tropical and Asiatic or Africau, with a few spccies frora tropical or Northeru America, or from more temperate Asia. Of the seven Australian specics two are eudemic, the otliers widely s])read overtropical Asia, and at least four extend into Africa. Flowers sessile, solitary in the axils. Capsule opeuiug iu as many valves as cells. (Rotala.) Leaves uarrow, iu whorls of 3 to 8. Capsule 3- or 4-valvcd . . . \. A. Rotala. Leaves ovate-lanceolate or oblong, opposite or rarely in threes. Cap- sule 3- or 4-valved 2. A. penfandm. Leaves orbicular, opposfie. Capsule 2-vah'ed Z. A. diandra. Fiowers pedicellate, solitary or in cymes. Capsule bursting irregularly or transverscly. Flowers solitarv, ou long filiform pedicels. Leaves oblong-Iinear. Petals present 4. J. crinipes. Flowers 1 to 3, on short axillary peduncles. Leaves broadly oblong, petiolate. No petals . . .* 5- -^' trijlora. Flowers several in axillary cymes. Leaves narrowed at the base. Calyx-lobes triangular. No petals. &. A. indica. Leaves dilated or cordate, auriciilate at the base. Calyx-teeth vcry short. Petals preseut. Capsule under 1 line diameter. Stamens 4 ov fewer .... 7- -^. muUiflora. Capsule about l^ liues diameter. Stamens above 4, usually 6 I^Q g 8. ^-^. auriculata. 1. A. Rotala, F. Muell. Fragm. iii. 108. A slender annual, simple or slightly brauched, often creeping at the base, and not above 3 in. long iu the AustraHan specimens, twice as inuch in soine Indian ones. Leaves in whorls of 3 to 6 or sometiraes more, linear, not exceeding 3 or 4 lines. Flowers minute, nearly sessde and solitary in the axils. Calyx smooth and mem- branous, not above ^ line diameter, with 5 or sometimes 4 or 3 acute teeth without accessorv ones. Petals none or miiiute and fugacious in the Anstra- 296 L. LYTHRARIE.E. [Ammatinia. liaii specimcns, nearly as loiig as the calyx-teetli in some Indian ones. Sta- niens 3 (4 or 5 ?), inscrted near the base of tlie calyx and not exceeding it. Ovary 1-celled or niore or less divided into 3 by very thin evanescent parti- tions. Stvle short. CapsuU: 3-valved. — Botala vnticillaris, Linn. Mant. 19.5; DC." Prod. iii. 76; Wight, Ic. t. 260; Rotala apetala, F, Muell. Fragin. iii. 108. Stf. Australia. Bcds of streains periodioally inundated, Sturfs Creek, F. Mueller. Spread over E. liidia and the Archipelago. 2. A. pentandra, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 427. Annual or perhaps a peren- nial of short duration, often shortly creeping at the base, with ascending or erect steins, 6 to 8 in. high and scarcely branched when luxuriant, but ofteii only 2 or 3 in. and much branched. Leaves opposite or very rarely the fioral ones in threes, from ovate-cordate to oblong and alraost cuneate, acute or obtuse, the hirger ones \ in. loug, but usually not above \ in., the floral ones ahvays exceeding the tiowers. Fiowers solitary in the axils, sessile or nearly so. Calyx scarcely above \ line diameter, with 5 or rarely 4 or 3 short lobes, without accessory teeth. Petals veiy sraall or none. Staraeus 5, or some- times 4 or 3 inserted near the base of thc calyx and not exceeding its lobes. Capsule openiiig in 3 or rarely 4 valves. — DC. Prod. iii. 79; W. and Arn. Prod. 305, witli the synonyins adduced ; Blume, ]\Ius. Bot. ii. t. 46 ; Rotala Roxbiirgliiana, Wight,' Ic. t. 260. Queensland. Endeavour river, R. Brow.i ; water-holes, ^Moreton Bay, C. Siiiart. Var. decussata. Snialler and more branched. Petals usually uone. — Rofala decussata, DC. Prod. iii. 7fi ; Ortegkndes deciissata, Sohind. in Ilerb. Banks; Entelia ammamiioides, K. Br. Ilerb. ; Ammannia illecebrnides, Arn. in Wight, Cat. n. 2317. N. Australia. Islauds of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Broton ; Victoria river, F. Mheller ; Pi)rt Yii>i\n^\.o\\, Artnstrong. Queensland. Shoalwater Bay, R. Brown ; E. coast, Banks and Solnnder. 3. A. diandra, F. Muell. Fragm. iii. 108 (under Ameletia). Erect or ereeping at tlie base, In-anched or nearly simple, not exceeding 6 in. but not so sletider as the preceding species. Stem leaves sessile, orbicular, very ob- tuse, coixhite at tlie base, 2 to 3 lines diameter, the tioral ones scarcely smaller, orbicnlar or ovate, and often very close, forming imbricate decussate spikes. Flowers solitary in the axils, sessile or iiearly so. Calyx small, very thin and membrauous, soniewhat 4-angled, with 4 acute lobes shorter than the tube, without accessory teeth. Petals riidimentary. Stameus usually 2, inserted below the middle of the tube. Ovary 1-celled or imperfectly 2- cellod. Capsiile opening in 2 valves. N. Australia. Around the lagoons aud moist banks of the Upper Victoria aud Fitz- maurice rivcrs, /'. Mueller. 't'he specimens are all iu fruit ; in some the ealyx is scarcely 1 Jine Jong aud shorter than thc oblong capsule: iu others the calyx is nearly 2 liues loug, with a very nmch shorter globuhir capsnle. In all I have fouud either smail rudimeutary petais or thcir scars, aud the stameus adherent to about \ of the calyx. 4. A. crinipes, F. Muelt. in Trans. PJiil. Soc. Fict. iii. 49. A slender branching annnal of 3 or 4 in. Leaves linear-oblong, obtuse, 2 to 3 lines long, luirrowed at the basc. Pedicels solitary in the axils, tiliform, 1-tiowered, often exceoding i in. Calyx about 1 line long, narrowed at the base, broader and somewhat folded at the orifice, truncate, slightly sinuate and readily split- ting into 4 retuse lobcs. Petals 4, small, white, orbicular. Stamcn"s 4 or Ammannia.] h. LYTHRARiEiii;. 297 fewer, shorter tlian the calyx aiul iuserted about the niiddle. Ovary 2- celled ; stignia hnrge. Fruiting-calyx broad ; capsule ovoid or nearly glo- bular, as long as the calyx, bursting irregiUarly. N. Australia. About pools and lagoons, between the Victoria and Fitzmaurice rivers, F. Mue.Uer. This has the solitary tlowers of the sectiou Rotala, with tlie capsule of the many-flowerud true Ammannias, and diffrrs froni the whole geuus in the long filiforni pe- diiucles. 5. A. triflora, R. Br. Ilarh. A diffuse much-branched annual, with slender ascending stems of | to 1 ft., minutely hoary-pubescent or gUibrous. Leaves distinctly petiolate, oval-oblong, narrowed or rounded at the l)ase, mostly under \ in. long. Peduncles short, with 1 to 3 sessile or very shortly pediceUate flowers, much larger than in A. indica. Calyx-tube broadly carn- panulate, with 4 broad triangular lobes, and the sinuses produced into as raany short horizontally spreading accessory lobes. Petals none. Stamens 4, inserted in the middle of the calyx-tube. Capsule 2-celled, depressed, irregularly circumsciss. W. Australia. Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown. 6. A. indica, Lnm. Illustr. n. 1555 ? ; DC. Prod. iii. 77. Erect, more or less branched, aud often exceeding 3 ft. in height. Leaves lanceo- late or oblong-linear, acute, narrowed at the base, mostly |- to 1 in. long, but luxiiriant ones sometimes longer, and those of the side branches smaller Flowers very small, in little axillary cymes or clusters, the pedicels slender, but rarely 1 line long, and the common peduncle very short or scarcely any. Calyx broadly canipanuLate, usually about f line diameter, with 4 short broad triangular lobes, withont accessory teeth. Petals none. Stamens 2 to 4. Ovary 2-celled. Capsule depressed-globular, usually exceeding the calyx, and bursting irregularly. — W. and Arn. Prod. .305 ; Bhune, Mus. Bot. ii. 133. t. 46 ;A. ve-ucatoria, Eoxb. Pl. Tnd. i. 4;!8 ; DC. Prod. iii. 78 ; W. and Arn. Prod. 305. N. Australia. Careening and Brunswick bays, N.T\'. coast, A. Cunningham ; Nichol Bay, Gregorys Expedition ; Victoria river aud Sturt's Creek, F. Mttetter. Queensland, Boiomau ; Eiideavour river, Banks and Sotander ; Shoahvater Bay, R. Brown. S. Australia. Cooper's Creek, Boivitfs Expedition. — Coninion in tropical and sub- tro])ical Africa and Asia. Lamarck describes the leaves as decurreut, but this is undoubtedly the spccies to which his plant has bccn refcrred by I)e Candolle aud others. 7. A. auriculata, Willd. ; BC. Prod. iii. 80. Erect and not much brancbed, usually 6 in. to 1 ft. high, and coarser than the other Australian species, with largcr flowers. Leaves lanceohite or oblong-Iinear, mostly \ to 1 in. long, sessile and dilatcd at the base, and more or less cordate-auricuhite. riowers in little axillary cymes, shorter than the floral leaves, the pediincles, branches, and pedicels all short. Calyx at first narrow at the base, with the upper part broader and folded, with 4 short teetli, above 1 line diameter when fuUy out, with the border truncate, the teeth searcely proniinent. Petals 4, orbicular. Staraens usually, but perhaps not always, 6 to 8. Ovary 2- celled ; style rather longer tlian in the preceding species. Capsule depressed- globular, scarcely exceeding the calyx, about l^ lines dianieter, bursting irregularly and transversely. 298 L. LYTHRARIE^. \^Ammannia. Queensland. Point Look-out, Banks and Solander ; Wide Bay, Bidwill. — Abundant in tropicai and subtropical Africa, perhaps rather less so in Asia, wherc it is commouly re- placcd by the following species or variety. 8. A. multiflora, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 426. Erect and branched, but usually sniallcr than A. iudica or A. auricnlata, and often oidy 3 to 4 in. high. Leaves liiiear or lanceolate, often above \ in. long, aiid narrowed be- lovv the middle, but always more or less dilated and cordate-auriculate at the base, as in A. auriculata. Flowers minute, in little axiRary dichotomons cymes shorter than the floral leaves, the peduncles, branches, and pedicels short but filiform. Calyx about f line long, at tirst narrow at the base with the upper part folded, with 4 very short teeth, afterwards trnncate, with the teeth scarcely conspicuous. Petals 4, minute. Stamens 4, or fewer. Ovary 2-celled ; style rather long. Capsule depressed-globular, under 1 line dia- meter, scarcely exceeding the calyx, bursting irregularly and transversely. — DC. Prod. iii. 79 ; W. and Arn. Prod. 30.5 ; A. australasica, F. Muell. Trans. Phil. Soc. Yict. i. 41. Queensland. Keppcl Bay, R. Broton. N. S. Wales. Darlinci river, Viclorian Expedition. Victoria. Lagoons on the ^lm-ray river, F. Mucller. ^Vidcly sprcad over tropical Asia aud Africa. I have great doubts whether it be not a small-tiowered variety of A. auriculatn. — A. microcarpa, DC. Prod. iii. 78 ; Dcue. Herb. Tim. Descr. 125, froni Timor, and perhaps from the N. coast of Australia, appears to be a form of A. mullijlora, wilh a uarrower capsule. 3. LYTHRUM, Linn. Calyx tubuhn-, 8- to 13-ribbed, with 4 to 6 triangidar often very short pri- mary lobes or teeth, the sinus produced into as many extenial accessory ones, either short and spreading, or erect and longer than the primary ones. Petals 4 to 6. Stamens twice as many as petals or fewer, inserted beiow the middle of the calyx. Ovary 2-celled (or very rarely 3-celIed ?), with several ovules in each cell ; slyle filiform, with a minute or capitate stigma. Capsule iu- cluded in the persistent calyx, oblong or globular, opening in septicidal valves at the top or bursting irregulany. Seeds numerous, smail. — Herbs or rarely undershrubs, glabrons or villous. Leaves opposite verticillate or the upper ones alternate, usually narrow. Flowers solitary, or 3 to 5 together in the axils, sessile or peduncnlate, but not forming a head as in most Nesaas. The genus is sprcad over niost parts of thc globe. Of the thrce Anstralian species one is eudcmic, tlie other two have a geographical range nearly as wide as that of the genus. Calyx outcr-lobes erect, loiiscr thau the inncr oues. Capsule oblong, hard, scpticidally dehiscent. Tall pcreuuiai. Leaves opposite or verticillatc. Flowcrs nearly sessile, several iu each axil, formiug showy tcrminal spiivcs more or less leafy \. L. Salicaria. Decunibcut annual. IJpper Icaves alternate. Flowers small, soli- tary, sessile or shortly pedicellate 2. L.hi/ssopifolium. Calyx outcr-Iobes very sinall, spreading. , Capsule membranous, irrcgularly dehisccut. Ercct aunual. Peduiicles fiiiform, 1- to 3-fl(iwered 3. Z. arvhemicum. ]. Ij. Salicaria, X?//».; Z>C. Proc?.iii. 83. Rootstock perennial.with sfout Lythrum.l ^- LYTHEAkib/E. 299 annual erect stems, 2 to 3 ft. high, slightly branched, glabrous or pubescent. Leaves oppositc or sonietimes in threes, sessile and stem-rhisping, lanceolate, entire, 2 to 3 in. long. Flowers reddish-piirple or pink, 3 to 5 together, nearly sessile in the axils, tbriniiig handsome terminal spikes, raore or h'ss leafy at the base, the upper floral leaves reduced to bracts scarcely longer or even sliorter than the flowers. Calyx about 3 lincs long, with 6 (rarely 5) short triangular primar\' lobes or teetli, the sinuses produced into as raany subidate erect outcr lobes ranch longer than the primary ones. Stamens usnally 12, 6 louiier than the calyx and 6 shorter. Capsidc oblong, rather hard, enclosed in the calyx, splitting septicidally into 2 carpels opening in their inner face. — Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 126. Queenslaud. Along watercouises, Brisbaue river, Moreton Bay, Titzalan, Leich- hariH. N. S. 'VJrales. Port Jackson to the Blue Mountaiiis, R. Brown antl others ; north- ward to riareiice river, Beckler ; aud iuland to Lachlau aud Macquarrie rivers, etc, A. CHuningham and othcrs. Victoria. Banks of streams, Yarra, etc, F. Mneller ; in the Grainpiaus, Wilhehni. Tasmania. Cominon in wet phaces, /. B. Hooker. S. Australia. Fi-om the iMurray to St. Viuceut's Gulf, F. Mueller and others. The species is couimou iu uortheru aud suhtropical Asia, iu Europe, and N.America. Por curious details on the fertilizatiou of three differeut sexual forms, see Darwin in Journ. Liuu. Soc viii. 169. 2. L. hyssopifolium, Linn. ; T)C. Prod. iii. 81. A glahrous annua], rarely inore than 6 or 8 in. high, the stems slightly branched and decumbent at the base, or, in stars^ed specimens, erect and siinple. Leaves sessile, narrow, entire, scarcely \ in. long, the lower ones opposite, the upper ones alternate. Fiowers small, solitary in the upper axils, sessile or nearly so. 'Calyx 1 to 2 lines loug, very slender, the iimer primary lobes or teeth very minute and membranous, the outer ones longer, erect, hmceoLTte-trianguhir and green. Petals -1 to 6, from rather shorter th;in the calyx-tube to ratlier longer. Sta- raens about as many as petals. Capsule included in the calyx, rather hard, opening septicidallv at tiie top. — Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 126 ; L. iJii/mifolium, Linn.rDC. Prod.'iii. Sl. Queensland. Ou the Biirdekin, F. Mueller. N. S. TVales. Port Jacksou, Herb. Hooker, and others ; swamps on Ihe Lachlau aud otlicr parts of the interior, A. Cnnningham, Victorian Expedition, etc Victoria. In svvamps and wet places, F. Mneller. Tasmania. Port Dalrymple, R. Brown ; uorlhern parts of the islaud, /. B. Hooker. S. Australia. St. Viuceut's Gulf, etc, F. Mueller and others. The species is found iu most parls of the world, especially in Diaritime districts. 3. L. arnhemicuin, ¥. Muell. Frarjm.. iii. 109. An erect glabrous annual of ^ to 1 ft. Leaves ojiposite, liuear, narrowed at the base, often ex- ceeding 1 in. Peduncles axilhuy, slender, 2 to 6 lines loiig, eitlier 1-flowei'ed with a pair of bracts abovc tlie middle, or bearing 3 shortly pediccHate flowers witli small bracts at the base of the pedicels, and a pair of bracteol;;s on each of the hiteral ones. Calyx at flrst ovate-campanulate, but soon broad, 2 lines long, with 12 prominent herbaeeous ribs, membranous between tliem ; lobes 6, erect, triangular, about \ as long as the tube, each tipped with a dark spot, the fokls of the sinuses forming as many horizontal accessory teeth. Petals 6, pui-ple, much longer than the calyx, but very fugacious. Stamens 800 L. LYTHRAEIE.E. \^Lytkrum. 13 or fewer, longer tlian tlie calyx. Ovary 2- or rarely S-celled, biit the (lisscpinients very soon disappcarinp: ; style slender, with a sniall stigma. Capsule globidar, about the leiigth of the calyx, niembranous and bursting irreiindarly. N. Australia. Moist samly plaiiis and banlvs of Vicloria river and Sturfs Creek, F. Mueller. — The species is remarkable for the inflorcscence, more lax than in any other Lythrum. The short calyx shovvs an approach to Nesaa, but the ovary is usually 2-celled only, aud the infloresceuce is not capitate. The nearest approach among Lyihrums, both in inflorescence and capsule, is showu iu the S. African L. rigidulum, Soud. 3. PEMPHIS, Forst. (Maclellaudia, Wi(jht.) Calyx campanulate, sliglitly striate, with 6 short erect triangular priraary lobes or teeth, the sinuses produced into as many small accessory spreading ones. Petals 6, oval. Stameus 12, shorter than tbe calyx, and attached rather above the middle of the tube. Ovary small, 3-celled at the base only, with several ovules in each cell ; style rather thick, with a broad capitate stigma. Capsule globular, enclosed in the calyx, transversely circumsciss. Seeds anguUir or corapressed, the testa thiclc with the augles ofteu expanded into narrow tliick wings. — Shrub. Leaves opposite. Flowers solitary in the axils. The geuus is liiuitcd to a siuglc species. 1. P. acidula, Forst ; BC. Prod. iii. 89. A sraall and bushy, or tall and spreading shrul) or small tree, more or less hoary with a minute tomeutura. 'Leaves oblong, obtuse, narrowed into a short petiole, rather thick, 1-nerved, about \ in. long. Flowers in the upper axils, on pedicels shorter or rarely rather longer than the leaves. Bracteoles none. Calyx about 2 lines long, tlie accessory lobes much shorter than the priinary ones. Petals 3 to 4 lines long. Fruiting-calyx not much enharged. — Blume, Mus. Bot. ii. t. 43 ; Maclellandia Griffithiana, Wight, Ic. t. 1996. N. Australia. North coast, A. Cuiruinf/ham ; Port Essington, Leichhardt. Queensland. Tropical seacoasts and adjoining islands, R. Brown, A. Cunningham, F. Mueller, MHrillivriui, Leichhardt, W. llill. The species is widely spread over thc seacoasts of tropical Asia and the Pacific Islands. 4. LAWSONIA, Linn. Calyx-tube broadly turbinate ; lobes 4, ovate-triangular, the sinuses acute vvithout accessory h)bes. Petals 4, broad, scssile. Stamens 8, inserted round an annular disk at the top of the calyx-tube, almost in the same row as the petals, and alternatiny: with thcm in pairs ; filameuts rather thick. Ovary filling the cilyx-tube, flat-topped or depressed in the centre, 4-celled with very thin dissepinieiits and many ovules iii each cell ; style filiform, with a small capitate ^itigma. Capsnle nearly globuhir, surrounded at the base by the peroistent calyx, bursting irregidariy. Seeds numerous, cuneate, anguhnr ; testa thick. — Shrub. Leaves opposite. Flowers in loose racemes forming leafy panieles. The genus is hmitcd to a sinale spccies. Lamonia.] l. LYTURARiEiF. 301 1. L. alba, La?n. ; DC. Procl. iii. 91. A «rlabrous, inucli-brauched slivub of several feet, witli divaricate brauches, the snialler oues often spiuescent. Leaves from obovate and obtuse to ovate or hinceolate and acute, narrowed into a short petiole, rarely above 1 in. loug', thiu and peinuveiued. Flowers wliite, nnmerous, iu little loose racemes formiug nsnally a large termiual pyraraidal leafy panicle, the nltimate brauches usnally leatiess, and the bracts very niiuute or none. Pedicels 1 to 2 lines lon>>-. Buds globnlar. Calyx- tube not 1 line diameter, tlie lobes spreadiug- to a diameter of 3 lines. Petals not twice as loug as the calyx-lobes. Capsnle about 3 lines diameter. — Wight, Illustr. i. t. 87. W. Australia. jMelville Islaucl, Fraser. — Dispersed ovcr tropical aiul subtropical Africa aiid Asia, but frequently cuUivated uiider the nanie oi Henne, for a yellovv dye used es- pecially iu Africa for dyeiug the uails of ladies' fiugcrs. It appeurs to be abuudaut in Tiuior. 5. SONHERATIA, Liun. f. Calyx thick, the tnbe broadly campanulate, aduate to the ovary at the base ; lobes 4 to 8^. lanceolate or triangular, the siuuses acute witliout acces- sory lobes or teeth. Petals •! to 8, narrow, or noue. Stamens numerous, inserted at the top of the calyx-tube, iutlected iu the bud. Ovary euclosed in and partially aduate to tbe calyx-tnbe, depressed-globular, 10- to 15- celled ; style elongated with a small capitate stigma. Prnit hirge, depressed, tieshy, and indehiscent, snrrounded by the persistent calyx, and adnate to it at the base. Seeds immersed in pulp, augular, with a thick testa. Embryo cnrved. — Glabrous trees or shrubs, Leaves opposite, petiolate, rather thick. Flowers large, solitary or 3 together in the upper axils or at the euds of the branches. Besides the Australian species which is spread over E. India and the Archipelago and ex- tends to eastern Africa, the genus contains one or two others from the same regiou. 1. S. acida, Limi.f.; BC. Prod. iii. 231. A tree. Leaves petiolate, broadly obovate or ovate, 2 to 3 iu. long. Calyx broad, about 1 in. long, divided to below the middle into abont 6 thick valvate lobes. Petals linear, scarcely exceeding the calyx. Frnit (iu Indian specimens) above l^ iu. diameter.— -Wight, Ic. t. 340. N. Australia. Frequent in bogs on the N. aud N.W. coasts, A. Cunningham. The specimens are imperfect, iu leaf with a siugle flower, but as far as they go they are exactly like some of our Malayan ones. Some specimens iuHerb. R. Brown from Arnhem N. Bayhave no petals in the expanded flowers, yet they look more like S, acida than S. apetala, aud the petals may have faUen away. Order LI. ONAGRARIE^. Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary, entirely so or prodnced above it ; lobes 2 to 4, rarely 5 or 6, valvate in the bud. Petals as niany as calyx-Iobes, in- serted at the top of the calyx-tube, rarely wanting. Stamens as many or twice as many as petals, or fewer, iuserted at the top of the calyx-tube, free (except iu a Mexican geuns) ; authers from ovate to linear, versatile, with parallel cells opening lougitudinally. Ovary inferior, more or less completely divided iuto as many cells as calyx-lobes, or rarely 1-ceIled ; style filiform, or 802 LI. ONAGKAUlE.f:. sometimes very sliort or scarcely any ; stio;ma eiitire or divided into as many lobes as cells to tlie ovaiy. Oviiles usually numerous, iu 1 or 2 rows in each cell, aiiatropous, rarely, in genera iiot Australian, solitary. Fruit various, in tlie Australian genera capsular aud elongated, opening from the apex down- wards in as many valves as cells, or splittiug laterully bctween the ribs of the calyx. Seeds usually small ; testa membranous, coriaceous or rarely spongy. Albumen none or exceedingly thin. Embryo usually ovoid ; cotyledons phuio-convex (except in Trapa), with a very short radicle. — Herbs, annual or perennial, or, in a few genera not Australian, shrubs or even trees. Leaves opposite or alternate, without stipules, eutire serrate or very rarely divided. Flowers usually sobtary in the axils, sometimes forming leafy racemes or spikes at the cnds of the branches, often with 2 small bracteoles under thc calyx. The Order is dispersed over nearly the whole surface of the globe. Of the 4 Aiistralian genera, one, Epilobium, has nearly as oxtensive a range as tlie whole Order ; two, Jussicpa and Lndicigia, belong chietly to the warnier regions, Lndwigia extendiug into ternperate cliniates ; the fourth, (Enothera, is almost eutirely American. Calyx-tnbe produccd above the ovary. Capsule opening frora the snmniit downwards. Seeds naked. Stameus twice as many as calyx-lobcs or petals 1. CExoTHEKA. Calyx-tnbe not prodnced above the ovary. Capsnle opcning from the summit dowuwards in 4 valves. Seeds with a tuft of hairs. Stamens 8. Pctals 4 2. Epilobium. Capsule opcning latcrally between the ribs of the calyx or at the sum- mit inside thc calyx. Seeds naked. Stamens twice as many as calyx-lobes or petals 3. Jussi.i;\. Stamens of the same nuinber as calyx-Iobes or petals 4. Ludwigia. 1. CENOTHERA, Liun. Calyx-tube more or less produced above the ovary and dilated at the end into a •i-lobed limb, the wiiole free part deciduous. Petals 4. Stamens 8, inserted at the summit of the calyx-tube ; antliers linear. Ovary 4-celled, with many ovules in each cell ; style tiliform with a capitate ckivate or 4- lobed stigma. Capsule usually opening froiu the summit downwards loculi- cidally in 4 valves separating from the persistent axis. Seeds witliout any tuft of hairs. — Herbs or rarely small shrubs. Leaves alternate, or rarely the lower oncs oppositc, entire or variously toothed or lobed. Flowers axillary, solitary or very rarely iu paii-s, sometimes forming terminal racemes or spikcs, rarely contractcd into heads. A large Americau gcnns, chietly extratropical or Audinc, a very few specics now natnra- li^ed iu various parts of thc Old AVorld. Of the two Australian specics, oue is a naturalized one of American origiu, the others apparently eudemic, but very closely allied to a Chiliaa species. Tail erect plant, witli hirge yellow flowers iu a terminal spike. Stigma 4-lobcd \. (E. bieunis. Smali prostrate phint. Flowers small iu the axils of the stem leaves. Stigma undivided 2. (E. tasmanica. * 1. CE. biennis, Linn. ; DC. Prod. iii. 46. A biennial, 2 or 3 ft. high, the stems almost simple and more or less hairy. Leaves ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, slightly toothed, hoary or downy. Flowcrs large, yellow, fragraut, (Efiothera.'] Li. onagbarie^. 303 sessile in a lotig- terminal spike often leafy at the base. Ovary and adnate part of the calyx about 6 to 8 lines long, the free part of the calyx-tube at least 1 in. long. Petals broad and spreading. Stignia divided iuto 4 linear lobes. Capsules f to 1 in. long, scarcely angular. A plant of N. American oiigiii, long cultivatcd in gardrns in Europe and other countries, and readily establishing itself in waste places on river banks, etc., and now said to be natu- ralized in iiiany parts of N. S. VtTales, Victoria, aud S. Australia. 2. CE. tasmanica, Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 119. A small plant, with slender prostrate or creeping stems of a few inches, glabrous or slightly pu- bescent. Lower leaves opposite, the others alternate, sessile or neariy so, obloug, obtuse, rarely exceeding \ in., glabrous, with crisped raore or less toothed margins. Flowers snudl, yellow, sessile or nearly so, solitary in the axils of the leaves. Calyx-tube at the time of flowering not exceeding the leaves, very shortly produced above the ovary ; lobes 1 line long or rather more. Petals shortly exceeding the calyx-lobes. Anthers oblong. Stigraa entire, clavate, abnost capitate. Capsule terete or slightly 4-gonous, \ in. long or rather more, often curved. Tasmania. Alpine marshes at Marlborough, Giinn. The speeiinens have not very good flowers. They very nearly resemble the broad-leaved varieties of (E. deutaia, Cav., distinguished by Spach as Holosiignia heierophijllum. This species ranges from S. Chile to California, and difiers from the Tasmaniau one chiefly iu the rather longer more angular capsule. Further specimens may possibly bhow the two to be forms only of one species. 2. EPILOBIUM, Liun. Calyx-tube iiot at all or scarcely produced above the ovary ; lobes 4, de- ciduous. Petals 4. Stamens 8 ; anthers linear or oblong. Ovary inferior, 4-celled, with numerous ovules in each cell ; style iiliform ; stigma entire and club-sliaped in the Australian species, 4-lobed in some others. Capsule elongated, opening loculicidally in 4 valves from the summit downwards. Seeds small, with a tuft of long hairs at theend. — Herbs, mostly erect, or with a decumbent or creeping base. Leaves opposite or irregularly scattered. riowers pink or red, rarely white, solitary in the upper axils or forming a terminal raceme. The genus is dilfused over uearly the whole globe, from the extreme Arctic regions of both hemispheres to the tropics. The numerous forms the species assunie iu every variety of climate mai. Hooker. The foliage is nearly that of E. (jlahellum, \vhich by some is included in E. BUlardieria- num, but the leaves are raore crowded and the flowers uearly as large as in E. pallidi- florum. 6. E. pallidiflorum, Soland. ; A. Cunn. in Ann. Nut. Hist. iii. 34. A handsome plant, readily distinguished by its loug acute leaves and large flowers. Stems, from a decumbent base, erect, terete, 2 to 3 ft. high, glabrous or hoary-pubescent in the upper portiou. Leaves opposite, except tlie upper VOL. III. X 306 Li. ONAGRARIE.-R. [Epilobmm. Hoi-.il ones, sessile or oii very short Ijroad pelioles, liiiear or iaiiceolate, acut(>, with a few distant teeth, mostly 1 to 2 iii. long. Pedicels usually sliort, eveii when in fruit. Calyx-lobes 3 liues long or more ; petals twice as long. Capsule loug, usually hoary-tomentose.— Hook. f. Fl. Tasin. i. 117 ; Handb. Fl. N. Zcal. 81 ; E. macranlhum, Hook. f. in Hook. Tc. Pi. t. 297. Victoria. Gnuiipians, Herb. F. Mneller. Tasmania. Coinmon in ditchcs aud marshes, especially iu thc northcru parts ot tlie colouy, ./. l). Ilooker. S. Australia. Meadows near Holdfast Bay, Momit Disappointment, Cox's Creek, F. Mueller. .3. JUSSI^A, Linn. Calyx-tube not produced above the ovary ; lobes 4, 5 or rarely 6, persistent. Petals as many as calyx-lol)es. Stamens twice as many as calyx-lobes. Ovary with as many cells as calyx-lobes and numerous ovules in each cell ; style sliort or long or scarcely any ; stigma more or less lobed. Capsule terete or with as many or twice as many ribs or angles as calyx-lobes, opening septicidally in valves separating from the persistent ribs or irregularly be- twecn the ribs. Seeds usually numerous ; tcsta thin or crustaceous, or thick and spongy. — Herbs, sometimes aquatic, or rarely shrubs. Leaves alternate, entire or very rarely serrate. Flowers yellow or white, solitary in the axils ; petals usually broad. Thc f;cnus is chiedy Americau, both tropical and extratropical, a few species also spread over tropical aud subtropical Africa aud Asia. Thc Australian spccies are both of them common in tlie New as well as the Old World. Creeping or floatiug plant. Flowers usually 5-merous, on pedicels longer thau the ovary \. J. repens. Erect plaut. Flowers mostly 4-mcrous, ou very short pedicels or almost scssile 2. J. suffruiicosa. 1. J. repens, Linn. Spec. Pl. 5!)5,a?id Mant. 381. Herbaceous, creep- ing in mud or floatiug in water, oftci sustaiuing itself by little vesicles round the inserlion of the leaves, glabrous or niore or lcss liirsute, with soft spread- ing luiirs. Leaves from obovate or obovate-oblong, to narrow cuneate-oblong or aliuost lanceolate, acutc or rarcly obtusc, the upper ones usually 1 to 3 in. long, tiiose about the short creeping branches ol'ten very small. Peduncles usually longcr than the ovary and fruit, with 3 small bracteoles atthe summit. Calyx-tube or ovary cylindrical, rather slender, under ^ in. loug vvhen in flower ; lobes usually 5, lanceolate, aeute, 3 to 4 lines long. Petals broadly obovate, from a little longer to twice as long as the calyx-lobes. Capsule lengthening to about | in., and about l^ lines thick, smooth aud shining but usually sprinklcd with a few hairs, the 5 prinuiry ribs prominent, the secoudary ones iess so.— DC. Prod. iii. 54; Wight in Hook. Bot. Misc. iii. 300. t. Suppl. 40 ; /. Swartziana, DC. 1. c. Queensland. Port Curtis, M^Gillivray ; common in lagoons about Moreton Bay, C. a/iani. N. S. Wales. Richmond and Hunter's rivers, R. Brown ; Paramatta, Woolls ; Illa- warra, J. Cuiininf/liam ; iulaud on the Darling, Viclorian Ej-pediiion, to Cooper's Creek, Iloicilf.s E.rpeditioii. Victoria. Morasses of Suowy T?iver and bcnds of Murrav river, F. Mueller. S. Australia. Murray river, F. Muelhr. Jimirea.] i,i. onagkakik.e. 307 2. J. su-ffruticosa, Linu. Sjjcc. IH. 555. Au eivct braiiching pcrennial, attainiiig- 2 or 3 ft., the base of the stem often hard and woody, eithcr softly pubesccnt or villous in all its parts or rarely ahnost glabrous, the stein often angular. Leaves lanceolate or almost linear, acute, narrowed at tlie base, the larger ones 2 to 4 in. long. Pedicels much shorter than the calyx-tube or ovary, the bracteoles rednced to small glands or wanting. Calyx-tube or ovary usually about \ in. loug when in flower, but soon lengthening out ; lobes 4 or rarely 5, lauceolate, broad or nariow, 3- to 5-nerved, 4 to 5 lines long. Petals broad, exceeding thc calyx-lobes. Capsule \\ to 2 in. long, usually above 2 lines broad, tapering to tlie base, nearly terete, the ribs scarcely prominent. — F. Mueli. Fragm. iii. 130 ; /. villosa aud /. angnstifoUa, Lam. bict. iii. 331; DC. Prod. iii. 55, 57 ; /. villosa, AV. and Arn. Prod. 336, with the synonyms adduced ; /. snffndicosa and /. angustijolia, Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 273, with the numerous synonyms adduced. N. Australia. Yictoria river aud Macadam Kange, F. Mueller ; Strangways river, M'Do)i-aU Sfiuirt ; Albert river, Henne. Queensland. Broad Souiid aud Nortliuiiiberlaiid islauds, R. Broicn ; Lizard Island, 3I'Gi//ivrc/>/ ; Buruett river, F. 3I?(e//er ; Bunlekin y\\tx, Boivrnan ; Rockhainpton, i)»/- lacliij ; Brisbaue river, ^loretou Bay, A. Cnnnivijhani, F. Miie//er. N. S. T^ales. Clarence river, Beck/er ; New England, C. Staart. The species is coinmou in most tropical countries. The nearly glabrous forms distioguished sometimes as /. angustifo/ia, seem frequently to pass iuto the viUous oncs in most locali- ties. lu Australia, the two appear to be equally aijundaut in (iueensland, the villous ones more common in N. Australia, and the more ghibrous ones in N. S. Walcs. 4. LUDWIGIA, Linn. Calyx-tube not produced above the ovary ; lobes 4, 5 or rarely 3, pcrsistent or at lengtli deciduous. Petals as raany as calyx-lobes or sometimes none. Stamens as mauy as calyx-lobes. Ovary with as many cells as calyx-lobes, and numerous ovules in each cell ; stigma sessile or nearly so, capitate, fur- rowed or obscurely lobed. Capsule angular or tei-ete, much longer than broad, openiug either in terminal pores or irregularly along the sides betweeu the ribs. Seeds small, numerous, without any tuft of hairs. — Annual or per- ennial herbs, sometinies somewhat woody at the base. Leaves alternate or the lower ones (in specics not Australiau) opposite. Flowers axillary, sessile or nearly so, or rarely distinctly pedicellate. Petals usually very small. The getms is dispersed over the warmer and tempferatc regions of the globe ; the only Australian species is a commou Asiatic and Alrican one. 1. Ij. parviflora, Uoxh. Fl. Ind. i. 419. Au erect or diSuse glabrous annual, rarely above 1 ft. liigh. Leaves alternate, lanceolate, or, in most of the Australiau specimens, linear, entire, 1 to 2 or even 3 in. long, narrowed into a short petiole. Flowers very small, solitary in the axils, sessile or very shortly pedicellate. Calyx-tube (or ovary) at the time of flowering, rarely 1 ^ liues long, but very rapidly enlarging ; lobes usually 4 iu the Indian specimens, more frequently 5 in the Australian ones, small and very acute. Fetals uot ex- ceeding the calyx-Iobes. Stamens rather shorter. Stigma large, capitate. Capsule 4 to 6 lines long aud l^ lines broad wheu attaining its full size, but often ripening much smaller. — Wight, Illustr. t. 101. N. Australia. Victoria river, F, Muet/er ; Port Essington, Armstrong. X 2 MUS LI. ONAGKARIEiE. [Lndwiiflfl . Queensland. Kndeuvoiir livcr, A. Cunniiigliam ; IJuidckiii rlvtT, Buwmciii. The spocics is vvidcly sprcad over tropical Asia and Africa. Ainongst the synonynisquoted bv Wight aiid Aruott, Prod. 336, are L. diffusa, Hainilt. in Traus. Liun. Soc. xiv. 301, and L. perennis, Linn. Spec. Pl. 173. Thcse are copied by Miquel iiito his Fl. Ind. Bat. i. purt i. 629, aud observiiig that oue of them is au old uaine of Liuuccus's, hc, without furthcr inquiry (e.\cc])t pcrhajis a glance at Rheede"s fig. of Carawba, Hort. ^lalab. ii.t. 49, cited by Liiinseus, which is the true L. pnrvijlnra), adopts this uame of L. perennis for the species, aud Miqiiers exauiple is followed by F. Wueller, Fragm. iii. 129. But not only is Linuseus's nanie wholly iuapplicable to a plaut so coustautly aud evideutly auiiual, but so is also his specitic chararter " foliis oppositis floribus pcdiccllatis," and as to the refereiice to Rhcede's Caramba, he exprcssly rejects it in his Mautissa, p. 332, as pointed out iu DC. Prod. iii. 59. Altliough thcrcfore Liiiiiicus niay have confounded this piant with some other, it is ccr- taiuly 7!ot thc oue he had in view in charnctcriziug his L. jwennis, aud Ariiott and others are fuUy justificd iu adopting Roxburgh's L. parvijlora. As to L. diffiisa, Haiuilt., although he also thought Rhcedc's Caramba might be the same, it is iu fact quitc distinct in the loug sleuder ovaiy and cuj)su]e, and iu somo mcasure iu inllorescence. It is L. prosfraia, Roxb. FI. Ind. i. 420 ; Wight, Ic. t. 762, aud iucludes the three species of Nematopyxis, described by Miqucl, FI. Ind. Bat. i. part i. G30. It has not yet been found in Australia. Order LII. SAMYDACE^. Sepals free or uiiited at the base into a -i- or 5-lobcd (rarely 2-, 3- or 6- or uiore-lobed) calyx, frec froui tli;^ ovary or uiore or less adherent. Petals eitlier as niaiiy as the sepals or calyx-lobes, inserted at their base, persistent •with theu), and resembling theni in consisteuce, or wantiug. Stanieus peri- gynous, indefiiiite or uot eorrespoudiug in uuraber with the ealyx-lobes, or, if equal to thera, usually opposite the petals aud alternating witii siuall glands or scales. Ovary superior or luore or less iuferior, with 2, 3 or more parietal phneentas and several ovules to each phiceuta ; style entire or more or less divided into as mauy branches as phiceutas. Fruit indehiscent or opening in valves between the placeutas. Secds often ariUate, with a fleshy albuuien. Embryo straight or uearly so, with the radicle next the hihim and "flat cotyle- dons. — Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, uudivided, usually toothed. Sti- pules small or none. Flowers hermaphrodite or rarely dicecious. A considcrable Order, if taken with the limits above given, and widely distributed over the New aud the Old World, chietly within the tropics. The two following geuera belong to two of those tribes into which it may be divided, atid which arc coiisidered by soine as dis- tinct Orders, viz. Caseariea or Samydece propcr, without pctals, tlic stameus iu a sino-le series; and Homalinece, with sepal«like pctals, the stameus iuserted siugly or in clusters opposite the petals. Pctals uone. Stamcns in a single row, alternatiug with short ciliatc scalos. Ovary siipcrior . . 1. CASEAinA. Pctals as maiiy as scpals. Staraens opposite them, sinaly or in ciusters. Ovary inferior \' 2. Homalium. 1. CASEARIA, U\n\. Calyx-lobes 4 or 5. Petals uone. Stameus 6 to 15 or rarely more, alter- natiug witli as mauy sliort ciliate or hairy scales (stamiuodia?), all inasino-le series and united in a perigynoiis ring at"the base. Ovary superior, 1-celled, with 3 or rarely 4 parietal placentas ; style entire or sliortly 3-Iobed. Fruit somewhat suceulent, opeuing in valves or more fleshy aud indehiscent. Seeds often witli au arillus.— Trees or shrubs. Leaves usually, but not always Casearia.] Lii. SAMYDACEiE. 309 dotted witli a mixture of round and oblong transparent dots. Stipules lateral. Flowers usually sraall, in axillary clusters. A considerable gcnus, chiefly American, with a few African and Asiatic specjes. The oiily Austraiian species appears to be a common Indian oue. Leaves not dotted. Stainens 8 \. C. esculenta. Leaves pellucid-dotted. Stamens 10 to 12 2. C. Dallachii. 1. C. esculenta, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 422. A large slirub, usually quite glabrous, the braiiches not angular. Leaves from oval-elliptical to nearly ob- long, acuraiiiate, narrowed at the base, 2 to 4 in. long or soraetiraea rather more, scarcely coriaceous, but not dotted. Flowers very small, iu axillary clusters, the pedicels about 1 line h)ng. Calyx glabrous, rather above 1 line diameter when opeii, 5-lobed. Stamens 8, alternating with as many short truncate staminodia, usually scarcely pubescent. Ovary glabrous, tapering into a short style ; stigma entire. Placentas 3, the ovules not numerous. Queensland. Brisbane river, F. Mzieller. The species to which Ihis piant scems referable is widely sprcad ovcr E. India. It niay be the sameas C. ovata, Willd., and C. xeijlanica, Thw., as doubtfully suggested by Thwaites, Euum. Ceyl. Pl. 19, but both of those appear to have the ovarv hirsute. 2. C. Dallachii, F. Miiell. Fragm. v. 107. Nearly glaljrous. Leaves shortly petiolate, ovate, shortly acurainate, 3 to 4 iu. long, pelhicid-dotted, minutely tomentose near the base or quite ghdjrous. Flowers densely clus- tered, hoary-pubescent, the pedicels shorter than the calyx. Calyx-segraents 5, orbicular, about 1 line long. Stamens 10 to 12, alternating and more or less united with as many staminodia, which are bearded at the end. Ovary more or less hirsute at the top ; style very short and thick, with a large nndivided stigma. Pbi-entas 3. Queensland. Roekingliam Bay, BaUachy. — Very uearly allied to C. r/7abra, Roxb. (which appcars to be a variety only of the common ludian C. tomentosa), differing in the ralher thicker calyx-lobes, am! more numcrous stamens. 2. HOMALIUM, Jacq. (Blackwellia, Juss.) Calyx-tube turbinate or oblong, adherent to the ovary at the base ; lobes 4 to 12. Petals as many as calyx-lobes. Stamens 1 or more opposite each petal, with 1 gland opposite each calyx-lobe. Ovary 1-celled, adherent in the lower part, conical and free in the iipper portion, crowned with 3 to 5 styles, either free or united into one ; placentas as many as styles, in tlie upper free part of the ovary, with 2 to 6, usually 4 ovvdes to each. Pruit slightly enhu-ged, surrounded by the persistent calyx-lobes and petals, and usually opening at the top in short valves between the placentas. — Trees or shrubs. Leaves not dotted. Flowers in axillary spikes or racemes, or in terminal panicles. A considerable Iropical genus, chiefly Asiatie and African, with a few Araerican species. ()f the two Australian species, one is also iii the islands of the South Pacitic, the other is eudeniic. Lcaves and flower-spikes above 2 iu.loug. Calyx-segments usually 8 • to 10, with as many petals of aboul tlic sauie sizc. Stamens 2 or 3 opposite each petal 1. //. vitiniise. 310 Lii. SAMYDACE^. [Homalium. Leaves aiul flower-spikes uuder 2 in. long. Calyx-segraents usually 5. Petals as niaiiy but larger. Staraens solitary opposite each petal . 2. S. hrachyhotrys. 1. H. vitiense, BentJi. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 36. A tree, glabrous except tiic intioresoence, or rarely a few appressed liairs on the under side of the leaves. Leaves broadly ovate, obtuse or very sliortly and obtusely acu- niinate, irrcgularly and ofteu obscurely sinuate-crcnatc or undulate, 3 to 4 in. long", on petiolcs of frnm ^ to y in. or rarely longer. Flowers vcry ncarly sessile, in simple or branclicd spikes, varying from 2 or 3 in. long and rather dense, to twice tliat length aiid interrupted, the rhachis and fiowers more or less pubescent. Calyx-tube narrow-turbinate, l^ to f line long ; lobes 8 to 10 (or rarely 6 or 7 ?), lincar ; petals as many, scarcely more cuncate, giving the whok^ flower the appcarance of a 16- to 20-lobed calyx, the enlarged calyx-lobes and petals after fioweriiig about 1|- lines long and ciliate-hirsute. Stamens in pairs or 3 together opposite each petal. — //. ahiifolinm, F. Muell. Fragm. ii. 127. Queensland. Rockhainpton, DaUacliy. Also in New Caledonia and the Fiji islauds. The lcaves in llic .Vustralian spccimeus are rather larger and more eoriaceous than in those from the Fiji islaiid.s, but are precisely as in New Caledoniau specimcns collected by De- planche aud \ ieillard under nos. 23 and 2076, aud referred by thera to H. tomentosum, Bentli., froin which they difler both in ttowers and foliage. H. vitiense is much more uearly allied lo H. fuluhim, IJenth. 2. H. brachybotrys, i^. Mnell. Fragm. ii. 127. Glabrons or nearly 80, except the intlorescence. Leaves oval-elliptical or obovate, obtuse, eutire or obscurely sinuate, rarely exceeding 2 in. and mostly about 1 in. long, nar- rowed into a petioh^, drying of a paler colour than niost of tlic genus. Flowers very sinall, sessile, in simpk; sk'nder spikes of about 1 in., tlie rhacliis pubes- cent as well as the flowers. Calyx-tube ovoid, aboui ^ line long ; lobes 5 (or 6 ?), naiTow-linear, rather shorter than the tube. Petals oblong or spa- thuLate, rather longer and much broadcr than the calyx-lobes. Stamens soli- tary opposite each petal. Styles and phiceutas \ or 5. — Blachcellia hrachy- boirya, F. Muelk in Trans. Vict. Inst. iii. 48. Queensland. Granitc rocks, sources of the Gilbert rivcr, F. MiicUer. Order LIII. PASSIFLOREiE. Calyx-tubc short or rarely clongated ; lobes 4 or 5, valvate or more or less imbricate in the bud, often colourcd inside. Petals as many as calyx-lobes, inserted at their base and alternating with tliem, often persistent with them and mucli resembling them, sometimes smali or rarcly wauting. Stamens usually as many as calyx-lobes, rarely twice as many, inserted at the base of the calyx, but often connate with the ovary-stalk to near the top and appear- ing to be there inserted. Ovary usually stalked, 1-celled, witli 3 or rarely 5 parietal placentas, each with several ovules. Style divided into as many branches as there are placeutas, with terminal stigmas. Fruit indehisceut and sHCCulent or opcniug in valves bctwcen the placeutas. Secds often aril- late ; albumen fleshy. Embryo straight, with leafy cotyledous, the radicle next the hilum.— Climbers, or rarely, in genera not Australian, erect hcrbs or shrubs. Leaves alternate, entirc or divided, with stipules. Flowers hcrma- LIII. PASSIFLOHE^. 311 phrodite or unisexual, solitary or iu cymes or raceraes, on axillary peduncles. Tendrils axillary, often accompanying or terminating the peduncles. The Onler is dispersed over tlie tropical aml subtropical regions of the New aud the Old Worid. Of the two Australian geuera one is Anierican, with the exceptiou of a few Old AVorld species, the other is Africau aud Asiatic. Flowers usually hirge, hermaphrodite. Oue or several riiigs of coloiu"cd filauieuts or appeudages forniing a coroua withiu the petals .... 1. l'ASSiri.oRA. riowers small, uuisexual. Pctals small or uoue. Corona small or uonc . 2. Modecca. 1. PASSIFLORA, Liim. (Discuima, Labill.; Jlurucuja, Pers.) Calyx-tube short. Petals rarely wanting and often like the calyx lobes. One or several rings of coloured filaments or appendages forming a corona within the petals. Stamens as niaiiy as calyx-lobes, so uiiited with the ovary- stalk as to appear to be inserted at or near its summit. Styles 3, witli large capitate stigmas. Fruit succulent or pulpy, indehiscent, or opening obscurely in 3 valves. — Climbers with axilhiry tendrils. Leaves entire or palmately- lobed or divided. Flow^ers usually hermaphrodite, the calyx-lobes coloiired iuside nearly or quite as much as the petals. The speeies are numeious iu tropical or subtropical America, with a very few from Africa, Asia, aud the Pacific ishaids. Thc thiee Austrah'au ones are supposed to be endemic, and one is probably really so, anotlier is perhaps a variety ouly of a Ncw Calcdonian species, and the third is as yet insiifficiently kuown. They all belong to thc sectiou Bisewma, usually cousidered as a geuus, distiuguished by thc uumber of riugs of the corona — iu Murncvja 1, iu Disemma 2, iu other Pi.ssijloras 3 or more; but this distinction provestoo artificial to be taken as of more thau sectional value, being unacconipanicd by any difTerence iu habit or other characte; s. lu all thi; Australiau species the filameuts of the iuuer coroua are uuited in a creuate or sbortly lobed riuti or tube. Pubesceut. Leaf-lobes rather acute. Inuer ring of the corona con- nivent or contracted at the top 1. P. Eerhertiana. Glabrous. Leaf-lobes usually obtuse. Inner ring of the corona erect aud plicate, scarcely coutracted at the top. Calyx li to 2 iu. long 2. P. Banksii. Ca]yx uuder 1 iu. long 3. P. brachystepliana. 1. P. Herbertiana, Lindl. Bot. Reci. t. 737. A tall robust climber, more or less pubescent. Leaves broad, truncate or slightly cordate at the base, hxrger tiian in P. Banksii, oflen 3 in. long or more, with 3 broad trian- gular abnost acnte lobes, pubescent on both sides (somelimes minutely so), tiie petiole with 2 glands very near the summit. Flowers solitary or in pairs, rather large, on pedicels much shorter than the leaves, with 2 or 3 scattered setaceous bracteoles at or below the middle. Cnlyx-lobes nearly l^ in. long, of a greenish-white or pale orange-yellow. Petals narrow, scarcely more than half as long as the calyx-lobes. Inner oorona about \ in. long, broadly tubular but contracted at the orifice, crenate or shortly lobed ; outer corona rather shorter, of a single row of tiLiments. Gynophore rather shorter than the calvx-lobes. — Disemma Ilerbertiana, DC. Prod. iii. 332. Queensland. Brisbaue river, Moretou Bay, Fraser. N. S. Wales. Port Jacksou and Newcastlc Ldct, R. Bronn ; Ncw England, C. Sfuarl ; Illawniia, J. Cunnirt.ghaw . 313 Liii. FASSiFLOBE^:. \_Passiflora. 2. P. Banksii, Benth. Quite gjlabrous. Leaves broad, iisually under 3 in. long, with 3 broad obtuse lobes rarely divided to the middle of the lenf. and each lobe occasionally sinuate or more or less distinctly 2- or 3- lobcd, the petiole with 2 glancls very near the summit, very rarely obscure or altouether wantiug. Flowers rather large, sometimes pale when they first open but soon assuming a brick-red or duU scarlet colour, on pedicels much shorter tlian the leaves, with 2 or 3 scattered setaceous bracteoles at or below the raiddle. Calyx-lobes about \\ in. loiig or rather more. Petals narrow, scarcely more tlian half as long as the calyx-lobes. Inner corona broadly tul)ular, slightly contracted, plicate and shortly lobed at the orifice ; outer coiona abont the same lengtli, of a single row of filaments. Ovary-stalk longcr than the petals, shorter than the calyx-lobes. — P. coccmea, Soland. in Herb. Banks, not of Aubl. ; Disemma coccinea, DC. Prod. iii. 333. Queensland. Endeavour river, Banks and Solander, A. Cunningham ; Keppel Bay, R. Brown : Brisbane river, jMoretou Bay, A. Cunningham and others. Islands of the coast, M'GilUvrai/, Hentie. The species very closely resembles the origiual P. aurantia, rorst., or Bisemma aurantia^ Labill. Sert. Austr. Caled. t. 79, from New Caledonia, as well as P. adiantifolia, Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 233 {Mnrucnja Baiieri, Lindl. Collect. Bot. t. 36, Disemma adiantifolia, DC Prod. iii. 333), froui Norfolk Island, the foruier differiug only in the petiolar glauds further from the linib aud thc bracteoles nearer the flowcr, and the latter in the absence of petiolar glands. Biit it secms doubtfiil whether the petiolnr glands are constant in Australia, for in a specimeu of i\Linarthur's, comrauuicated by iJackhouse, without the precise station, but stated to be from Australia, they are certainly entirely wanting. 3. P. brachystephana, F. Muell. Glabrous, like P. Banksii. Leaves sraaller but otherwise precisely the same. Plowers also differing only in size. Calyx under 1 in. long. I'etals less than half as long. Corona veiy short, but otherwise like that of P. Banksii. — Diseinma brachystephana, F. ]\Iuell. Fragm. i. 56. Queensland. Scrub on the Burdekin, F. Mneller. There was but a single expauded flower on the specimens, and in that the petals do not show, but ou exarniuing a bud, I fonnd the sv.ructure precisely as in P. Banksii. The species will rcquire vcrifyiug oti bettcr specinieus. 2. MODECCA, Lam. Flowers unisexual. Calyx-tube short, campannlate or elongated. Petals small, especially in the females. Stamens as many as calvx-lobes, usually with a sniall scide opposite to each, free or united at the "base, reduced in the females to small staminodia, or vvanting. Ovary rudimentary in the males raore or less stalkedin the females, with 3"parietal placentas, stig'mas 3, sessile or nearly so, or on a 3-fid style. Capsulc inflated, coriaceous or thin, more or less dehisceut in 3 valves. Seeds with a small cup-shaped aril.— Tall climbers. Leavesentire or palmately or piniuvtely lobed or divided ; stipules often inconspicuous. Flowers usually very small, white or green,'in cymes or racemes, on axillary peduncles, thc rhachis produced into a simple tendril. The genus exteuds over tropical Afiica aud Asia. The only Australian species appears to be endemic, although very ncarly resembling one from Khasia. L M. australis, R. Br. hi BC. Brod. iii. 337. A climber extending greatly amongst nndcrwood {A. Cnnningham), quite glabrous. Leaves on Modecca.'] Liii. passiflore^. 313 long petioles, broacUy ovate-cordate, quite eiitire, scarcely acuminate, 4 in. long or more, memliranous, tlie base of the limb very shortly decurrent on the petiole and expanded into 2 rather large often oonfluent glands. Pe- duncles long and slender, terminating in a rather strong tendril, at the base of which are a pair of small opposite pedunculate cymes of very small flowers, very imperfect in our specimens, but according to Bauer's figure, given by Endlicher, presenting all the characters of the genus ; the stigmas are on very short distinct styles. Capsule ovoid, inflated, about 2 in. long, verysmooth. Seeds ovate, flat, almost muricate. — Eiidl. Iconogr. t. 114, 115. M. Australia. Cyguet Bay, A. Cnunlngham ; N.W. coast, Bt/noe. Order LIV. CUCUEBITACE^. Flowers usually unisexual. Calyx-tube adherent to the ovaiy and pro- duced above it into a campanulate or tubular 5-toothed or 5-lobed free por- tion, which forms the whole calyx in the males. Petals 5, free or united in a lobed coroUa, adnate to the free part of the calyx-tiibe and usually so con- flueut with it as to appear continuous with it between its teeth or lobes. Stamens 3 or 5, inserted on the calyx-tube below the petals, the filaments free or united ; aiithers separate or confluent into a waved or curved mass. Ovary usually 1-celled when very young, either with 3 or (rarely 4 or 5) parietal placentas soon thickening and meeting in the axis, dividing into as many or twice as many cells, or Avith 1 placenta and remaining 1-celled. Style 1, entire or 3-Iobed, or rarely 3 almost distinct styles ; stigmas 3 (rarely 4 or 5), entire or lol)ed. Ovules 1 or more to each placenta. Fruit succulent or coriaceous, often with a hard rind, indehiscent or bursting irregu- larly or rarely opening iu 3 valves. Seeds usually flat, often obovate or oblong, withont albumen; testa coriaceous or bony. Embryo straight; cotyledons large, usually notched at the base, with a short radicle. — Herbs (except in a few species not Australian) wcak, prostrate or climbing by means of tendrils arising from the sides of the stems near the petioles, generally more or less scabrous or hispid. Leaves alternate, without stipules, usually palmately veined and angular, lobed or divided. Flowers unisexual in all the Austra- lian genera, on axillary peduncles, the males usually in racemes or clusters, or sometimes solitary, the females generally solitary. A considerable Ordcr, dispersed over all but the colder regions of the globe, but most abundant in dry hot countries, especially ia Africa. The nine Australian genera are all commoa to Asia and Africa, tive of them are also in America, and one, Bryonia, extends to Europe Tribe I. Cucurbitese. — Ovules numerous, liorizontal. Anther-cells veiy flexudse or conduplicate. Calyx-tube elongated. Petals fringed with long cilia .... 1. Trichosanthes. Calyx-tube broadly campanulate or turbinate. Petals not friuged. Tendrils branched. Male flowers large, solitary. Fruit large, with a hard rind, dry but not tibrous . ." 2. Lagenaria. Male flowers in pcdunculate racemes. Fruit dry, fibrous . . 3. Luffa. Male flowers sniall, in clusters or short sessile racemes (in the AustraJian spccics). Fruit a small bcrry 6. Bryonia. 314 LIV. CUCLRBITACU;.!:. Tendrils siniple. Anthers tipped with an appendage to the counective. Fruit pulpy or fleshy • . . . T 4. CucuMis. Anthers without appendage. Coroila with incui-ved scales at the insertiou of the stameus. Fruit nsually pulpy, sometimes dehiscent 5. jMomokdica. Corolla without iucurved scales. Fi^uit a small berry . . 6. Bkyonia. Anther-cells straight, parallel. Calyx-tube broadly canipanulate. Anthers without appendage. Female flowers pedunculate, bearing staminodia 7- Melothkia. Calyx-tube turbinate. Anthers with a miuute appendage. Female flovvers sessile, without staminodia 8. Mukia. Tribe II. Sicyese. — Ovules solitary, pendidons. Tendrils branched. Flowers sraall. Fruit small, prickly in thc Australian species D- Sicyos. 1. TRICHOSANTHES, Liim. Calyx in tlie males and free part of it in the females obloug or cylindrical, dilated upwtirds, 5-lobed. Corolla rotate, deeply divided into 5 obloiig or lanceolale lobes, bordered by loug liair-like lobes or cilia. Stameus in the males 3, tilaments very sbort, free ; antliers 2 with 2 cells, one with 1 cell, the cells couduplicate. Ovary in the females oblong or globuLnr, with 3 pla- ceutas ; stylc sleuder, with 3 linear stigmas, the gynojciura reduced in the males to 3 filiforin nidimcuts. Fruit succulent, often large, with a hard rind. Seeds smooth or with undidate or crenate margins. — Climbiug auuuals or ])erennials. Tenthnls 2- or 3-branched. Flowers wliite, h^rge or small, the males in pediincidatc racemcs, the femalcs solitary. The genns is disperscd over tropical Asia and Aui.crica. Of the four Australiau species two are comnion Asiatic ones, the othcr two are eudeniic, but as yet iusufficiently knowu. Leaves pahnatcly or pedately divided into pctiolatc segments ... 1. T. 'pentapIujUa. Leaves pahnatcly lobed. Male raccmes witliout bracts. Fruits acnminate 2. T. cucumerina. Male raccmcs with large broad leafy bracts. Fruits uot acuniinate . 3. T. palmata. Lcaves ovate-cordate, not lobed, softly villous. Male racenies with small oblong or huucohitc bracts 4. 71 Hearnii. 1. T. (?) pentaphylla, F. Muell. Herb. Apparently a large climber, the specimeus quite ghd)rous. Leaves palmately or pedately divided iuto 5 ovate or ovate-lauoeolate acumiuate eutire scgments, about 3 to 5 in. long, all petiohihitc or the hiteral oues rarely united at the base. Tendrils 3-brauched. Mah) tiowers unknown. Females sohtary, shortly pediceUate. Calyx-tube cybudrical, rathcr tliick, broad and obtuse at tlie base, produced far above the ovary, ratlicr more than 1 iu. long; lobes broadiy lanceolate, acuminate, 3 to 4 lines loug, eutire or Avith 1 or 2 teeth. Corolla-lobes friuged. Fruit "as rouiid as a ball, l)eautifully rcd, the flesh decp yellow, the pulp dark groen " {Bullachy). Seeds compressed, thick, oblong, thc margin entire. Queensland. Burdckiu river, F. Mueller ; Eockinghain Bay, Ballachy. The speci- mens do not admit of thc furthcr examination of tlie flowers, of which there is oniy one rcady to open. Thc foliage is that of a Telfairia, to which it may possibiy have to be traiisferrcd nolwitlistanding the narrower seeds, unless thc two genera be combined iiito oue. 2. T. cucumerina, Llun. Spec. Fl. 1432. Stems sleuder, although sometiuics cxtcudiiig lo a great iength. Leaves nearly orbicular or reuiform Tnckosant/tes.'] liv. cucurbitace.e. 315 in their outline, broadly cordate at tlie base, niostly 3 to 4 in. diameter, pai- matelv 3- to 7-lobed, the lobes broad, rarely reaching to the middle and irrecrularly toothed, more or less scabroiis-pubescent. Tendiils 3-branched. Male flowers in a short raceme at the end of a long slonder peduncle, without bracts. Calyx-tube, in tlie youngbud, short broacl and ronnded at the base ; teeth very short and rccurved. CoroUa-lobes narrow-obloiig, |- in. long, besides the fringe of long cilia. Pemale flowers shortly pedicellate. Calyx- tube attenuate above the ovary into a loiig slcnder neck. Fruit ovoid-conica), acuminate, not exceeding 2 in., orange-red or yellow when ripe. Seeds about 8 or 10, thick but flattened, with the margin more or less crenate. — Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 4. xviii. 191. N. Australia. Yictoria river, F. Miteller ; bare rocky liills, Nichol Bay, Gregorys Expeditioii. Common in liedgcs, etc, in East India. 3. T. palmata, Eo.vb. Fl. Ind. iii. 704. A coarse climber. Leaves broad, pahnately 3- to 7-lobed, the lobes sometimes broad and short, more frequently especially the central one reaching to below the middle and more or less sinuate-toothed or lobed, pubescent. Male racemes on long stout peduncles, at first short and head-like, at length elongated, with a broadly cuneate or orbicular toothed or jagged bract at least 1 in. diameter under each pedicel. Pediccls very short. Calyx-tube above 1 in. long, attenuate below the middle ; lcibes ovate or lanceolate, acuminate, 3 to 4 lines long. Petals obovate, fringed with very long cilia. Female flowers shortly pedicel- late. Calyx-tube abruptly contracted above the ovary. Prnit nearly globuhir, not acuminate, 2 to 3 in. diameter. — Wight and Arn. Prod. 350, with the synonyras adduced ; Wight, lUustr. t. 3 04, 105. Queensland. Brisbane river, W. Hill ; Rocliingham Bay, Dallachy (witli larger less lobed leaves). N. S. Wales. Tweed river, C. Moore. The species is common in forests in Iiidia, where it climbs to the tops of the loftiest trees {Ro.rburyli) . 4. T. Hearnii, F. Muell. Herh. Of this there are two male fragraents in F. Mueller"s coliection under the name of T. Ileaniii. Leaves broadly cordate-ovate, denticuhite and soraetiraes obscurely sinuate-lobed, like those of T. dioica, Eoxb. (now united to T. nervifolia) and T. cordala, but, instead of being scabrous-pubescent only they are densely and softJy villous underneath. Male racemes on long peduncles. Bracts persistent, oblong or lanceolate, entire or toothed, but only 2 oi" 3 lines long. Calyx-tnbe slender, attenuate at the base, above \ in. long ; lobes narrow, acute. Petals broadly oblong, densely fringed with long cilia. Queensland. Rockingham Bay, Dallachy (Herh. F. Mueller ). A niale specimen iu Herb. R. Br., from tlie islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, in bud only, may belong to the same specics, but some of the leavcs are dceply divided into 2 to 5 lobes. 2. LAGENARIA, Ser. Calyx iu the males, and free part of it in the females, campanulate or tubular, with 5 teeth or lobes. CoroIIa campanulate, dceply 5-lobed. Sta- mens in the raales 3, shoi-ter than the calyx-tube ; filamcnts free ; anthers two with 2 cells, one with 1 cell, the cells linear, flexuose, bordering the con- 316 Liv. cucuKBiTACE.E. [Lai/enaria. nective. Ovary in the females from obovoid to cvlindrical, with 3 placentas, and nnmerous horizontal ovules ; style short, thick, with 3 bifid stigmas. Fruit large, indeliiscent, with a hard rind and fungous Hesh. Seeds variously shaped. — Large cliniber. Tendrils 2-branched. Flowers white, both inales and femaU;s solitary. The gemis consists only of a single species. 1. L. vulgaris, Ser. in DC. Frod. iii. 299. A coarse climber, often emitting a musky odour, more or less pidDescent or villous. Leaves rather large, broadly orbicular-cordate, angular and denticulate or obscurely or shortly lobed. Tendrils usually 2-l)rauched. Male flowers ralher large, white, on peduncles of 2 to 4 in. Calyx-tube tnrbinate, about \ in. long ; lobes or teeth linear, shorter than the tube. CoroUa expanding to 2 or 3 in. diameter. Female flowers rather smaller, on sliorter peduncles. Fruit very variable in shape and size. Queeasland. From Broad Sound to Port Denison, Thozet. — The species appears to be iudigeuous in Asia and Africa, but is much cultivated and establishes itself iu many tropical and subtropical countries. It iucludes the hottle- and many other Gourds. 3. LUFPA, Cav. Calyx in the males, and free part of it above a narrow tube in the feraales, campaiuilate or turbinate, with 5 teeth. Corolha rotate, deeply divided into 5 oblong-obovate or obcordate lobes. Stamens in tlie niales 3 or rarely 5 ; fllanients free, or two connate and tlie third free ; anth^rs protruding frora the calyx-tube, two with 2 cells, one with 1 cell, the cells flexuose, the con- nective without any appendage. Ovary in the females elongated, wilh 3 placentas and many horizontal ovides ; style cohimnar, the stigma divided into 3 bifid lobes ; rudimentary gyncecium in the males a sraall ghand. Fruit dry, oblong or cylindrical, terete or ribbed, flbrous inside, the small hard conical end (or base of the style) circumsciss and deciduous. Seeds oblong, compressed. — Prostrate or chrabing annuals, often Large. Leaves palniately 3- or 7-lobed. Tendrils branched. Flovvers rather hnrge, yellow or white, the males in peduncuhate raceraes, the females solitary. Fruits usually rather large. The genus comprises a few Asiatic and a greater uuraber of African species. The Aus- tralian species appear both of them to be iucluded iu the Asiatic ones ; one of thcm also abundaut iu Africa. Fruit smooth 1. £. ^gyptiaca. Fruit tuber.-ulate or muricate 2. Z. graveolens. ]. L. aegyptiaca, MiU. Dict. ; Ser. iu DC. Prod. iii. 303. A large climl)rr. Leavcs large, broad, the lower ones 5-angk^d, the upper onea raore or less decply 5-lol)ed, the lobes, at least the central one, usually acute, often above G in. diameter, morc or less scabrous. Tendrils 3-branclied. Male racemes elongated, on long peduncles, without bracts. Pedicels short. Calyx broadly turbinatc, about -] in. diameter. CoroUa more than 1 in. diameter. Fruit oblong, from 2 or 3 to 8 or 10 in. long, smooth, with 10 deeper coloured streaks when frcsli, which in the dry state are often slightly raised ribs, but not acutely prominent as in L. acutangula. — L. pentandra, Eoxb. Luj/hJj Liv. cucurbitacea;. 317 Fl. Ind. iii. 712 ; VViglit, lc. t. 4-99 ; L, cylindrica, Roem. ; Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 4. xii. 119, with the long list of synonyms adduced ; L. leio- carpa, F. Muell. Fragra. iii. 107. Queensland. Gilbert and Burdekin rivers, F. Mueller; Fitzroy river, Thozet ; Edge- combc Bay, Ballachy. The species is vvidely spread over tropical and subtropical Africa aud Asia. Naudin dis- tinguishes the Australian plant as a variety vihich F. jNluellcr raises to a species on account of the fruit said to be not larger than a fowFs egg \Nithout longitudinal lines. But in the specimens sent by F. Mueller from the Gilbert river, tbe fruits are quite as large, and the slightly raised lincs quite as conspicuous as in several of the Indiau oncs. 2. L. graveolens, Roxh. Fl. Ind. iii. 716? A much more slender and smaller plaiit than L. cefjyptiaca, the leaves smaller and lcss divided, the lobes short and broad, sometimes very obscure, all ronnded aud slightly sinuate- denticulate, or the central lobe more acute. Flowers suialler than iu L. agyptiaca, the males in long racemes, but also a solitary male on a rather long pedicel in the same axil as the female one in all the Australian speci- meus. Fruits ovoid, 2 to 3 in. long, not ribbed, muricate with scattered rigid tubercles or very short spines. Seeds flat, smooth, about 3 lines loug. — Naud. in Aun. Sc. Nat. ser. 4. xii. 124 ; F. Muell. Fragm. iii. 106. N. Australia. N. W. coast, Bynoe ; tributaries of the Victoria river, F. Mueller. The sjiecies, if correctly determincd, is also on the coast of Coromandel, bnt the speci- niens arc so imperfect that it is impossible to cstablish without doubt the identity concluded byNaudin trom the fruit. In several of tiie Australiau specimens the leaves are inuch niore acutely lobed than they are represented iu Roxburgh's drawing, and the calyx-lobes have a hollow protuberance at the babe, which suggested to F. Mueller the specific narae of L. saccata which he had giveu to his plant. These protuberances do not appear in the ludiau species, nor can I find them in some of the AustraJian specimens with leaves more like Rox- burgh's, but Ihe few flowers are too ill-dried to ascertain the point. Naudiu says the fruit is scarcely bigger than a pigeon's egg. Sorae of those iu the Kew herbaria are nearly 3 in. long. 4. CUCUMIS, Linu. Calyx in the males, and free part of it iu the females turbinate or campa- nulate, with 5 teeth or lobes. CoroIIa campanulate, deeply 5-lobed or divided to the calyx. Stamcus 3 ; filameuts short, fi-ee ; anthers two with 2 cells, one with 1 cell ; cells linear, flexuose, connective produced into a crest-like appendage beyond the cells. Ovary in the female with 3 (rarely 5) placentas and uumerous horizontal ovules ; style short, with 3 (rarely 5) obtuse stigmas. Fruit variously shaped, fleshy with a hard rind, indeJiisceut or rarely tardily opening in 3 valves. Seeds oblong, compressed, the margin not thickened.— Climbers either anuual or with a perennial rhizome, more or less hispid. Tendrils simple. Flowers yellow, the males iu axillary clusters or rarely solitary, the females solitary, usually sessile or shortly pedicellate. The genus extends over the tropical and subtropical regions of the Nevv and the Old "World. The only Australian species is a conimon onc in Asia. 1. C. trigonus, Roxh. Fl. Ind.m. 722. A ratlier slender creeper or climber, sonietimes rigidly hispid, almost aculeolate, sonietimes scabrous- pubesceut. Leaves not large, usually broadly ovate-cordate in their outline, either nearly entire or more or less 3- 5- or 7-lobe(l, the lobes slightly or sometimes more dceply toothed, usually scabrous. Flowers small, on short slender pedicels. Calyx in the males from a little more than 1 line to nearly 318 Liv. cucuKBrrACE.f;. [Cnaimis. 2 lines loiig, pubcscent-liirsute or dcnsely Avoolly ; lobes sliort and nurrow. Corolla about \ in. diameter, the lobcs acute. Female fiowers usually rather ]ar<>-er, thc achiate tube ovoid or oblong, 3 to -i lines long, tomentose- pubescent or densely wooUy. Fruit globular or ovoid, often quite glabrous, but sometimes retaining a tew scattered liairs, from under 1 iu. diamcter to more than twice that sizc- — Wiglit, Ic. t. 497 ; Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat, ser. 4. xi. 30; C. pnbescens, Hook. in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 110; C. jucundus and C. picrocarpus, F. Muell. in Trans. Phll, Inst. Vict. iii. 46. N. Australia. Oakover river, Nichol Bay, Gregorys Ej-pedition ; A'icto)-ia river, F. Jludler ; Fort Essington, Armstrony ; Albert river, Henne ; iu the iiiterior, M^Bouall Stiiarfs E.rpeifition. Queensland. Suttor aacl Bogan rivers, Bowman ; Fort Cooper, Thozet. N. S. 'Wales. Narran and Balonne rivers, Mitchell ; Darliug rivcr to Cooper's Creek, Victorian and other Expeditions. The ouly absolutc cliffcrence to be gathered from Naudin"s investigations belweeu C. tri- gonus, and what hc conchides to be the wild Melon (C. Melo, var. agrestis, Naiid. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 4. xi. 73 ; C. pubescens, of Indian botanists, Wight, Ic. t. 496, atid probaljly of Willd.), is, tliat the fornier has a perennial root, or rather vhizome, and roots very rcadily at the joints, whilst the Jlelon is strictly annnal. As, however, the steius are ahvays annual, the existeuce of the perennial rhizome is rarely ascertaiued e.\cept in cultivatiuu, aud uo collectors of Australian specimcus allude to it. Some of these look very inuch like ludian specimens of the wild Melon, othc>'s have more the appearance of the Indian C. tri- gona, and some are not to be distinguished from thc Ncvv Cahdonian 6'. Pancherianus, Naud. in Aun. Sc. Nat. ser. 4. xii. 112. t. 8. Most probably all are forins ouly of C. Melo. C. myriocarpvs, Naud. 1. c. xi. '1'2, with Icaves deeply dividcd iuto rounded ciliatc lobes, ncarly glabrous abovc, rigidly liispid uutlcrucath, and witii sniall globular densely prickly fruits on liliform jiedicels, commonly knowu in gardeus as C. propjhetaruin, but uot the true Linuaean species of that luame, is in F. ]MueIler's collection from the bauks of the Torrens river iu S. Australia, as au introduced plant. 5. MOMORDICA, Linn. Calyx in the raales, and free part of it in the females, short, cainpanulate, with 5 lobes. Corolla rotate or broadly campanulate, usually divided to the calyx into 5 lobes. Stamens in the males 2 or 3 ; filaments short, free ; anthers at first coherent, at length free, one or two 2-celled, the others 1- celled, the cells flexuose, the connective without any appendage. Two (or throe ?) connivent scales on the tube of the calyx aucl corolla at the insertion of the stamcns. Ovary in the females fusiform or oblong, with 3 placentas and several horizontal ovules ; style slender, with 3 stignuts. Fruit oblong, fusiform or cyliudric, not fibrous, iudehiscent or opcning more orlessin'3 valvcs. Secds iinbedded in pulp, flattened or convex, smooth or variously sculptured. — Climbers usually slcnder. Lcaves entire, lobed or 3- to 7-foIio- late. Tendrils simple. Peduncles axillary, eithcr all 1-flowcred, with a broad bract under the fiower, or tlie males paniculate. The genus is disperscd over the tropical aiul subtropical regious of both thc New^ and the Old World; most of the si)ccies, however, arc African. The only Australiau oue isconimon iii Asia and AlVica. 1. IVE. Balsamiua, Limi. ; Ser. in DC. Prod. iii. 311. A slender annual climber. Leaves tliin aud glabrous, orbicular in their eircumscription, mostly nnder 2 in. diameter, palniately and deeply 5-lobed, the lobes more or less i-liomboidal, deeply and acutely toothed or iobed. Pedunclcs all slendcr and Moviordica.'] Liv. cucurbitacE/1'.. 319 l-flowered, thc niiiles iisually lono-er tlian the leaf, with a reniform or broadly cordate bract a little below tlie flowor, the feraales shorter, with the bract be- low the middle. Calvx fuUy \ in. diameter, with very thin broad acute lobes longer than tlie tube. Corolia yellow, nearly twice as lono; as the calyx. Female flowers rather snialler. Ovary fusiform, attenuate under the free part of tlie calyx. Fruit ovoid-globular, more or less attenuate at the end, about 1 in. diameter, burstin"- irregularly. Seeds 5 or 6, rather large, eaoh one en- veloped in a red pulp. Queeusland. Rockhamptou, Ballachy. — Widely spread over Asia and AiVica, and now introduced into America. 6. BRYONIA, Linn. (Brjonopsis, Bluine.) Calyx in the males, and free part of it in the fenudes, broadly campanulate, 5-toothed. Corolla campanuLite, deeply 5-iobed. Stamens in the uiales 3; filaments free ; arithers two with 2 cells, oue witli 1 cell, the cells flexuose. Ovary in the females fusiform, ovoid or globuLir, contracted at the top, witli 3 placentas qnd few horizoutal ovules ; style slender, with 3 reniform or bifid stigmas. Fruit a globular or ovoid-conical berry. Seeds few, com- pressed, or with convex faces and a thickened margin enveloiied in pulp. — Climbing herbs with simple or 2-branched tendrils. Leaves ]);duu\tely lobed. Flowers greeuish-yelloAv, small as well as the fruits, in axillary racemes some- tiraes reduced to clusters. The genus, taken in the abovc extended sense given to it by raost botanists, although not nunierous in species, ran^es over the warraer and temperate regions both of the New and the Old World. The Australian speeies, however, belongs to the section Bri/ono^isis, now adopted by Naudin as a distinct genus, limited to 2 or perhaps 3 Asiatic and African species, of which the Australian is one. 1. B. laciniosa, Liiin. ; Ser. in T)C. Procl. iii. 308. Stems rather slender, but extending to a great length. Leaves broad, very deeply palmatifid or al- most pedatifid, the lobes ovate ovate-lanceolate or sometimes linear-lanceolate, often 3 to 4 in. long, and more or less angular or sinuate-toothed. Ten- drils usually 2-branclied, but one branch sometimes small or quite wantiug. Flowers small, in very short axillary racemes usually reduced to clusters, the males and females often iu the same axil, the rhachis rarely 3 to 4 liues long. Pedicels slender, from 1 to 5 or 6 liues long. Calyx 1|^ to 2 lines diameter. Corolla scarcely twicc tlie size of the calyx. Berry globular, yellow or red, about 1 in. diameter. Secds with a very thick transversely-furrowed border, the faces convex or conical within the border. — Wight, I. c. t. 500; Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 4. xii. 139, with the synonyms adduced ; Ztlmeria erythrocarpa, F. Muell. in Hook. Kew .Journ. viii. 51 (from the character given) . N. Australia. Sir Charlcs Har(Iy's Island, Kenne ; Port Essingtou, Armstrong. Queensland. Broad Sound, R. Brown ; N.E. coast, A. Cuninngham ; Burdekin rivcr, /•'. Mueller ; Suttor rivcr, Bowman ; Rockhampton, Tkozef, Ballachy ; Brisbane rivcr, JMoreton Bay, F. Mueller. N. S. 'Wales. Maclcay river, Beckler ; Clarence river, Wilcox. The spccies is dispersed over tropical Asia and Africa. Naudin, Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 4. xii. 140, and xviii. 193, distinguishcs this species, with 1 or 2 closcly allied ones (or perhaps ,'^20 LIV. CUCUKBITACEiE. [Bri/Otlin. varieties) as the above-mentioned genus Bryonopsis. This name was originally proposed by Blume for scveral old Bryonias now referred to Zehneria and other groups, and is now limited by Naudiu to B. laciniosa and its allies, characterizcd cspecially by the secd, but also bv monoecious not dicEcious flowers, the clustercd not racemosc inflorcscence, aud brauched not simple teudiils. But one of our European true Bryonias is monoecious, the clusters of B. laciniosa are uothing but short racemes, aud the brauchcd tendrils, although gencral, are not constant, and the genus rests solely on the seed, which appears to me to be a rauch better sectional than geueric character. 7. MELOTHRIA, Liun. Calyx in tlie males, and upper free part of it in tlie females, campanulate, shortly 5-tootlied. CoroUa rotate, dee])ly 5-lobed, witli narrow lobes. Sta- mens in the males 3 ; filaments short, free ; anthers often slightly cohering, two with 2 cells, one with 1 cell, the celis strcdght and paraliel, 3 small staminodia in the females. Ovary in the females with 3 j^lacentas and several horizontal oviiles; styie short, Avith 3 capitate, dilated or bitid stigraas. Fruit a small globular ovoid or fusiforra berry. Seeds flat, oval or oblong, enveloped in pulp. — Slender climbing or prostrate herbs. Leaves triangular or palraately lobed. Tendrils simple. Flowers very small, yellow, the males in short racemes almost reduced to pedunculate umbels or sessile clusters, the feraales ou slender axillary pedicels, solitary or clustered. The genus is dispersed over the tropical and subtropical rcgious of the New aud the Old World, most abundaut iu Africa. The Australian species are both eudemic. Leaves broadly triangular or hastate. Male flowers in a pedunculate umbel-like raceme. Females on loug filiform pedicels . . . . \. M. Cunningluimii. Leaves pahnately 5- or 7-lobed. Male and female flowers minute, clustered iu the same axils on filiform but rather short pedicels . 2. M. Muelleri. 1. M. Cunninghamii, F. Muell. (as Zehneria). Stems very sleuder, often iiliform. Leaves broadly triangular or hastate, irregularly but not deeply tootlied, or rarely obscurely 3- or 5-lobed, thin and somewhat scabrous, the larger ones nearly 3 in. long, but mostly smaller. Tendrils simple, fili- forra. Malc peduncles slender, bearing at the end a short corymbose raceme aluiost reduced to an urabel of about 6 sniall yellow flowers. Female flowers usually solitary in the axils, on filiforra pedicels of 1 to 3 in., with rarely a male flovver in the same axil. Calyx about 1 liue diameter. Corolla about 2 lines diaraeter. Ovary or calyx-tube of tlie feraales attenuate into a slender neck. Stigraas capitate. Berry globular, 3 to 4 lines diametcr. — Zelineria Cunuinghamii, F. Muell. iu Hook. Kew Journ. viii. 51. W. Australia. Arnhem N. Bay, R. Brown. Queeiisland. ]5risbaue river, Moreton Bay, /''. Mueller; Breakfast Creek, Boivman; Rockhampton, Dallac/iy. N. S. IVales. Paramatta, Woolls ; Clarence river, Beckler. This species is ueariy allicd to the African M. Iriangularis, Bcnth. The northcru speci- mens in Herb. R. Brovvn, havc thc leaves broadly cordafe, the flowers rather louger aud the fruits rather larger, almost ovoid, but they appear to bcloug to thc same species. 2. M. Muelleri, Benth. Small and rather slender, very scabrous but not hispid. Lcavcs on long pctioles, deeply cordate, nearly orbicular, 1 to 2 iu. diameter, shortly and palinately 5- to 7-Iobed, the lobes mostly obtuse, coarsi-iy toothed or lobed. Tendrils small, flliform, simple. Flowers minute, ou iiliform pedicels of 2 to 3 li)ies, the males and females clustcred in the Melothria.'] Liv. cucurbitace.e. 331 same axils. Calyx iiot 1 line diiiiiieter, Avitli niiniite teetli. Corolla about 2 lincs diameter, divided to the calyx iiito obtuse lobes. Ovary or calyx-tube in the feraales ovoid, contracted into a short ncck, the corolla smaller thau iu the males. Staraiuodia 3, very sraall. Stip^mas reniform or shortly 2- lobed. Berry globular, about |- in. diaraeter. — Cncurbita micrantha, F. ]\luell, in Trans. Pliil. Soc. Vict. i. 17 ; CucHmis? Muelleri, Naud. in Ami. Sc. Nat. Ser. 4, xi. 84 ; Zehneria micrantha, F. Muell. Pragra. i. 182, and Pl. Vict. t. 18; Mukia micrantha, P. Muell. Fragra. ii. 180; iii. 107. N. S. 'Wales. Hunter's River, Bauer {in ILerh. R. Br.) ; Darling desert, Dallachy and Goodwin. Victoria. Murray river, T. MueUer. 8. MUKIA, Arn. Calyx in tlie raales, and free part of it iu the feraales, turbinate-canipa- nulate, 5-toothed. Corolla rotate, divided to the calyx into 5 acute lobes. Stainens in tlie males 3, filaraents short, free ; anthers two with 2 cells, one with 1 cell, the cells parallel and straiglit, the counective produced into a short point beyond thera ; the feraales without staininodia. Ovary in the females with 2 or 3 placentns and several horizontal ovules ; style clavate, with a thick 2- or 3-lobed stigraa. Fruit a globular berry. Seeds few, compressed, scrobiculate. — Scabrous-hispid annuals, with the habit of Cucumis. Leaves angular or rarely lobed. Flowers small, yellow, the males clustered and pedicellate, the females solitary aud sessile or nearly so. Besides the Australian species, which is widely spread over tropical Asia and Africa, thcre may be a second Africaa one. 1. M. scabrella, Am. in Hook. Journ. Bot. iii. 276. Rather slender, but very scabrous-hispid. Leavcs shorlly peliolate, d^^cply cordate, from broadly triangular to ovate-lanceolate, and raore or less hastate with broad rounded or angular lobes, usually obtuse, obscurely crenate or rarely shortly 3- or 5-lobed, raostly under 2 in. long. Male flowers clustered in the axils, the pedicels 2 to 3 lines long ; feinalcs alniost sessile. Calyx hii-sute, above 1 line long, with small linear teeth. Corolla lobes about 1 line long. Ad- nate part of the calyx-tube or ovary in the females about 2 lines long, densely hirsute with long white hairs. Style surrounded by a cup-shaped disk. Berry globular, sometiraes attaiuing ^ in- diameter. — Wight, Ic. t. 501 ; Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 4. xii. 142. N. Australia. N.W. coast, Bynoe ; Nichol Bay, Gregorys E.rpedifion (vvith dceply lobed narrow leaves) ; Upper Victoria river aud Gulf of Carpentaria, F. Mueller ; Port Essington, Armsfrong. Queensland. Keppel and Shoalwater Bays and Noithumberland islands, R. Brown ; Burdekia and Gilbert Ywe.is, F. Muelter ; Port Curtis and Lizard IshnH, M'Gilfivray ; N.E. coast, A. Cutiningham ; Rockingham Bay, Dallachy, Thozet. 9. SICYOS, Linn. Calyx in the males and free part of it above the narrow^ tube in the females campanulate, with 5 small subulate teeth. Corolla rotate, dividcd to the calyx into 5 ovate lobes. Stamens in the males unitcd in a co- lumn clavate at the top and raore or less lobed, with 3 to 5 linear curved and VOL. III. Y 3:22 Liv. cucurbitace.t:, {Sicyos. flexuose anther-cells. Ovar.v in the females l-celled with 1 pendiilous ovule. FiTiit small, drv, ovoid or oblong, acute or beaked, usually covered with prickles. — Prostrate or climbing hcrbs. Leaves angular or 3- or 5-lobed. Ten''<'ils 3-branched. Flowers small, the males in racemes sometimes re- duced to corymbs or clusters ; the feraales pedicellate in the axils or some- timcs iu tlie same raceme with the males. The genus is spread over tlie warmer regions of the Xew anil the Old World. 'Ihe ouly Australian species is a commou American one. 1. S. angulata, Linn. ; DC. Prod. iii. 309. Stems rather sleuder, but ex- tending souietimcs to a ^reat kngtii, glal>rous or sparingly scabrous. Leaves on long petioles, from Ijroadly ovate-cordate to abnost reniibrm, usually acutely 3-anglcd or palmately lobed, the central angle or lobe the longest, of a thin texture and oflen 3 to 4 in. long or more. Male and female flowers often in the same axil, the males in a short raceme on a long peduncle, the females in a small dense cluster on a very short j^e^luncle. Calyx in the malcs scarcely above 1 line diameter and the corolla rarely 3 lines, the females still smaller. Fruitsovoid, rarely ^ in. long, densely covered witli barbed prickles. — Hook. f. n. Tasm. i. 143 ; S. freteiisis, Hook. f. in Hook. Lond. Journ. vi. 473 ; S. amtralis, Endl. Prod. Fl. Norf. 67; A Grav, Bot. Amer. Expl. Exped. i. 648. Queensland. j\Ioreton Bay, F. M/ifller. N. S. 'Wales. Port Jackson and Bhie ^fountains, R. Brown, WooUs. Victoria. Bunks of the Tainbo and Gi;)ps' Land, F. Mueller. Tasmania. Islands of Bass's Strait, GitnH. A cotnninn wecd in tropical and N. Anierica, ■\videly dispersed over tlie Pacific islcs and New Zcaland, hut not recorded froni Asia or Africa. A. Gray distiujjuishes 5. ausiralis from the commou Amcrican form cliiefly by its smaller flowers. It is not casy to iudge of this from dried specimens without soakint;, aud the size appears variable, bnt certainly in some Australian speciuieus quite as large as in the commou Americau forms. Ordkr lv. FICOIDE^. Calyx persistent, free ov adnate to the ovary at the base, divided to tlie middle or to the base into 5 or 4 rarely more or only 3 lobes or scgiuents, imbricatc in the bud or very rarely valvate. Petals none or indcfiuite and narrovv, very rarely equal in number to the calyx-segments, inserted at their base. Stamens feAV or many, usually indefinite, or not corresponding in number to the calyx-lobes, or rarely equal iu number to them, iuserted ou the calyx-tube, or liypogynous wheu the calyx is divided to the base ; fihiments free or united in a eup at the base ; anthers with paraUcl cells opeuing lon- gitudinally. Ovary inferior, half superior or superior, 3- to 5- or more- celled, rarely 2-ccllcd or rcduccd to a single carpel ; styles as mauy as cells, free or uuitcd at the base, usually filiform and stigmatic along the inner side, or rarely with tcrminal stigmas or very short ; ovulcs 1, 2 or more in each cell usnally insertcd on a basal phicenta more or less adnate to the axis or iimer angle of the cell. Fruit a capsule or rarcly fleshy or drupaceous, opeiiing loculicidaljy septicidally ov both, in as many or twice as many valves as cells, or tran&versely circumsciss or indehiscent. Seeds with a ci'ustaceous or rarely membranous or thick testa, usually compressed. Em- i.v. FicoiDE.t:. 323 bryo curved rouncl a menly iilbumen. — Herbs or rarcly undershriibs or abnost shrubby. Leaves alternate or more rarely opposite, entire, often succulent. Flowers either sobtary, terrainal, leat-opposed or in the forks of llie steras, or in axillary cymes or clusters. The Order is widely disperscd over tbe globe, although uot e.xtendin^; to very cold re- gions, the niajority of S|)ecies iuhabiting sandy or rocky scacoasts or dry vvastes or spread- iug as wceds of cultivation, and ])articularly abundant iu S. Africa. Of thc eight Austra- lian genera, three are generally distributcd over tbe warmer regions of the globe, three are especially South African, witii a few of tbi'ir immerous species dispersed over a wider range, and tvvo small ones are endeniic iu Australia. Tribe I. Mesembryese. — Calyx-tahe adnate to the ovary. Petals nuraerous, linear 1. MESEMBRYANXhEMUM. Petals none 2. Tetragonia. Tribe II. Aizoidese. — CaJyx free, hut with a distinct tnhe hearing the stamens. Petals 7ione. Capsule openiug iu valves. Stameus indefinite 3. AizooN. Stamens 4 4. GuNNiA. Capsule circumsciss. Styles and ovary-cclls 3 to 5 5. Sesuyium. Styles and ovary-cells 2 or 1 6. Triantheua. Tribe III. (or Subokder). Mollugineae.— C«Ay.r dividcd to the hase. Petals 5 or fewer or none. Stamens 8, united in a cup at the base. Ovules 1, 2 or rarcly 3 in each cell 7- Macarthuria. Stamens few or many, free or rarely slightly united vvhen very numerous. Ovules many orrarely 3 or 4 in each cell 8. Mollugo. Tetbe I. Mesembbye^e. — Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary, either entirely so, or produced above it. 1. MESEMBRYANTHEMUM, Linn. Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary ; lobes 5 or rarely more or fewer. Petals numerous, linear, in one or more series. Stamens numerous, in several series. Ovary inferior, witli 5 or more, rarely 4, cells, eacli witli numerous ovules ; styles as many as cells of the ovary, free or connate at the base, stigmatic along the inner side. Capsule surrounded by the persistent calyx, the sum- mit flat and locubcidally dehiscent. Seeds minute, with a crustaceous testa. — Herbs or underslirubs, more or less succulent. Leaves opposite or alter- nate, fleshy, entire or rigidly ciliate, without stipules. Flowers sliowy, ter- minal or iu the forks of the branches, or leaf-opposed. The species are very numerous iu S. Africa, a fevv spreading along the seashore to various parts of the world. Of the four Australiaa ones here ennmerated, one is introduccd only, one is included amongst the widcly diftuscd maritime ones, found also in S. Africa, and the remainiug tvvo belong probably to the same category, although they have not been abso- lutely identified with any S. Africau species. Leaves opposite, triquetrous, lincar or oblong. Leaves mostly above 1 in. Flowers about l^ in. diameter on rather long pedicels 1. M. cequilatera'e. Leaves mostly under 1 iu. Flowers not above 1 in. diameter, sessile or shortlv pediccllate in tufts of leaves at the nodes . 2. M. anstrale. Y 2 324 L.V. FicoiuE.E. \_Mesemb7'ya7ithemmii. Leaves altcruate, flat. Flowers ratlier small, scssile or shortly pedicellate, terminal or leaf-oi)i)osed, white or piuk. Leaves uudulale, covered with trausparcnt vesicles 3. J/. crystatlinum. Flowers rathcr larije, ycUovv, on loug pedicels. Leavcs lauceo- latc or spathuhite 4. M. ■pomeridianum. 1. M. sequilaterale, Haw.; Ilook. f. II. Tam. i. 146. Percnnial, with robust prostrate stems, extendiiif;- sometiraes to a considerable length, with short ascending floAvering branches, or sometimes more ascending from the base. Leaves opposite, steni-clasping, thickly linear-triquetrous, equal- sided or laterally compressed, attaiuing 2 to 3 in. Flowers rather large, /ed, pedicellate or nearly sessile within tlie last sraall pair of leaves. Calyx- tube turbinate, \ in. long or rather raore ; lobes unequal, the 2 larger ones often as long as the tube, with prominent angles decun-ent on the calyx and pedicel, or the calyx quite terete. Petals spreading to about \\ in. diameter. Styles and ovarv-cells varying from 6 to 10. Fruit said to be about the size of a good gooseberry. — M. rt-qmUderule, M. f/iauccscens, M. Rossi, and M. nigrescens, Haw. ; DC. Prod. iii. 429; Salm-byck, Monogr. § 19. f. 1, 2, 3 ; M. prcBcox, F. Muell. in Linusea, xxv. 384. Queensland. Plaius of the Condainiue, Leichhardt. Victoria. Along the scacoast in various places, F. Mueller, Boherfson. Tasmania. Abuudaut ou the seacoast aud ascending the rivers as far as their watcrs are salt, callcd " l'ig's liiccs," /. 2>. tiooker. S. Australia. Murray river, Holdfast Bay, Salt plaius on the W. side of Flinders Rau,s;e, /'. Mnetler. \V. Australia. Swau River, Brummoul, Otdfietd ; Murchison river, Otdfield. The samc species is also fouud ou the coasts of Chile and Califoruia, and scarccly dif- fers from the S. African M. acinacifiorme, Linn., exccpt iu the leaves not so thick and the flowers smalier. 2. M. australe, Soland. in Ait. Ilort. Keic. ed. 1. ii. 187. Perennial, with prostrate stems rooting at the nodes, the floweriug branches very short, or reduced to clusters of leaves surrounding the peduncle. Leaves oppo- site, triciuetrous or soraewhat flattened and oblong, obtuse or rarely almost acute, ^ to f in. long. Flowers reddish, solitary in the axillary clusters of leaves, or terrainating very short leafy branches, the pedicels from ratlier sliorter than the leaves to twice their lcngth. Calyx-tube turbiuate, 2 to 3 lines long ; lobes unequal, the 2 larger ones as long as or rarely longer than the tube, aud rarely forming slightly prominent lines decurreut on it. Petals sureading to about 1 in. diameter. Styles and ovary-cells usually 5. — DC. Prod. iii. 428; Salm-Dyck, Monogr. § 18. f. 2 ; Hook. f. FI. Tasm. i. 147; M. clavellatuni, llaw. ; 1)C. Prod. iii. 428; Salra-Dyck, Monogr. § 18. f. 1 ; M. demissani, Willd. Enum. Suppl. 36 (name only, referred to M. aiistrale in Link, Euura. llort. Eerol. ii. 51). N. S. Wales. Dariiug river, Victorian Expedition (a bad doubtful specimeu). Victoria. Phillips island, F. Muetter. Tasmania. Woolnorth, Circular Head aud banks of the Tamar, Gunn, J. D. Hooker ; King's Ishuul F. Muetter. S. Australia. Scacoast, F. Mnettcr ; Murray river, Btandowski. "W. Australia. Kald Island, Otdfiietd, Ma.rtiett ; Swau River, Lrummond, 'ird Cotl. 71. 5'J ileavcs s to \\ iu. aud pcdicels ] to 2 in. long. Mesetnbryaulheiutim.^ LV. FICOIDE.E. 325 Tlie species is found also on the seacoasts of Nevv Zealaiid and the islands of thc South Pacific, and is probably not rcally distinct from the S. African M. crassifolium, Linn. 3. M. crystallinum, Linn.; BC. Prod. iii. 448. Annual, prostrate and much-branclied, tlie tliick steras under 1 ft. lonp^ and covered, as well as tlie foliage, with transparent vesicles, to which it owes the name of " Tce Plant." Eadical leaves broadly cordate-ovate ; stera-leaves alternate, flat but succu- lent, troni broadly obovafe to obovate-oblong, much unduLatc, obtuse, nar- rowed into a stem-chisping- petiole. Flowers not large, on very short ter- minal or leaf-opposed pedicels, the upper ones forniing- a loose leafy cyme. Calyx 3 to 4 lines diameter, ihe lobes short and obtuse or rarely longer and lanceolate. Petals white or pink, spreading to about ^ in. diameter. Styles and ovary-cells 5.— Sibth. Pl. Graec. t. 481 ; DC. Pl. Grass. t. 128. S. Australia. HolJfast Bay and Port Adelaide, F. MueUer. W. Australia. Swan Hiver, Drnmmond. A coniuion seacoast plant in S. Africa, found also on the coasts of the Canary Islands, southern Europe, and California. * 4. M. pomeridianum, Llnn.; DC.Prod. iii. 450. Aunual, decumbeut or ascending, under a foot higli, pubescent vvith a few soft hairs especially ou the inflorescence and margins of the leaves. Leaves alternate, flat but suc- culent, lanceolate or spatliulate, often 3 to 3 in. long. Flowers rather large, pale yellow, ou long peduncles, terminal or in the forks. Calyx-tube above ^ in. diameter ; lobes very unequal, the longest |- in. long. Petals very nu- inerous in several rows. Styles and ovary-cells 12 or more. — Bot. Mag. t. 540 ; Salm-Dyck, Monogr. §" 65. f. 1. A South African specics, naturalizcd onthe Darling river, Dallachy. 2. TETRAGONIA, Linn. (Tetragonella, Miq) Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary at the base and usually produced above it ; lobes 4 or 5, or rarely 3. Petals none. iStamens indefinite, few or niany, inserted at the top of the calyx-tube, free but usually in chisters alteruating with the lobes. Ovary inferior, 2- to 8-celIed, with 1 pendulous ovule in each cell, the sumnut convex or conical, and rarely containing a second erect ovule. Styles as many as cells, linear, stigmatic along the inner side. Fruit indehiscent with a hard alraost bony endocarp, the herbaceous or ahnost lleshy epicar]i (or persistent calyx) often variously Iiorued or tubercular. — Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves alternate, flat but rather thick, without sti- pules. Flowers solitary or few togetlier in the axils, sessile or pedicellate, usually of a yellowish or reddish-green. The species conipiises several S. African species, besides a fevv dispersed over ihe sea- coasts of New Zealand, the Pacific islar.ds, aud some parts of Asia iinJ America. Of the two Australian spccies, one is also in Nevv Zealand and extratropical S. America and Asia, the other is endemic. Flowers usually hermaphrodite, with 3 or usually morc styics and ovary-cells. Fruit often horneJ 1. T. crpansa. Fiowers mostly unisexual, with 2 or very rarely 3 styles anJ ovary- cclis. Fruit ncver horned 2. T. imple.ricoma. 1. T, expansa, il/«/v. ; Z>C. 7'*/o(/. iii. 452. Dcciunbent or prostrate, 326 i-v-. FicoiDE.i';. {Tetragonia. ofteii extending to seveval feet. Leaves petiolate, the larger ones ovate, triangular or broadly liastate, 2 to 4 in. long, entire, obtuse or acute, the smalier ones narrower. Flowers small, yellow, on very short peclicels or almost sessile in the axils, solitary or 2 togethcr. Calyx-tube broadly tur- binate, a little above 1 line diameter; lobes broad and obtuse, about as long as the tnbe. Stameus in clusters of 3 or 4 opposite each siuus of the calyx. Ovary half-inferior, tlie free portion depressed-hemispherical, with 3 to 8 externai furrows and as mauy cells. Fruit hard, i to | in. diameter, from nearly globular aud abnost w"ithout protubcrances to turbinate, angular, with 2, 3 or more hard prominent horns, the endocarp woody. — llook. f. Fl. Tasra. i. 147 ; Bot. ^Mag. t. 2362 ; Payer in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3, xviii. t. 13 ; T. inermis, F. Muell. in Linnsea, xxv. 384. Queensland. Brisbane river, Moreton Bay, C. Siuart. W. S. Wales. Port Jackson, /. D. Uooker ; Hastings river, Beclder ; in the iu- terior at the canip at .Mcniiiville, Viciorian Ejrpedition. Victoria. Port Phillip, B. Brown ; Sealers' Cove, F. Ihteller. Tasmania. Northeru shores, J. B. Ilooker. S. Australia. Elders Kange, Lake Torrens, F. Mueller. The species is also on the coasts of New Zealand, e.xtratropical S. America, and Japan, and has been cuitivated in Europe as " New Zealand Spinach." 2. T. implexicoma, Ilook.f. Fl. Tasm. i. 148. Decurabent or ahnost climbing. Leaves petiohUe, ovate or rliomboidal, nsually smaller than in T. expansa, and often much narrower or cpiite oblong, usually covered with transpareut vesicles like the Tce-plaut. Pedicels tibform, solitary or 2 to- gether in thc axils on young leafy slioots. Flowers polygamo-dioccious, the males with a narrow calyx-lobe, tlie lobes nearly 2 lines long and valvate ; staraens in chistcrs of 3 or 4 opposite the sinuses. Perfect flowers with a broader calyx-tube. Ovary 2-celled or rarely 3-celled, thc lowerpart adnate, witii 1 pendulous ovtde in each cell, the free part conical, sometiiues with 1 erect ovule in eacli cell, and circumseissly deciduous after ttoweriug. Fruit smaller tliau in T. expansa, 3 to 4 hnes long inclucHng the red succulent calyx, witli irreguhu-ly promiuent ribs or tubercles, but not horncd. Seeds 1 or rarely 2. — F. Muell. Pl. Vict. t. 13 ; TelragoneUa implexicoma, Mic^. in Pl. Preiss. i. 245. Victoria. Port Phillip, F. Mucller, Ilarveij, and others ; mouth of the Glenelg, F. Mueller. Tasmania. Abundaut on all the coasts, sometimes festooning the bushes ou the shore, .J. D. Iloohr. S. Australia. T.ower Murray river, St. Vincenfs Gulf, etc, F. Mueller. W. Australia. Rottenest Islaud, Preiss, n. 2393. TiUBE IL AizoiDE.E.— Calyx frec, i)ut witli a distinct turbinate tube, bearing tlie stamens at or below the top. 3. AIZOON, Liun. Calyx free, dccply 4- or 5-lobed. Petals none. Stamens indefinite, usuallv about 20, inserted at tlie top of the calyx-tube, free, but more or less iii clusters alternating with the lobes. Ovary snperior, enclosed in the ealyx- tube, 5-celled or iu thc .\ustralian species 4-celled, with 2 or more ovules' in Aizoun.'] hV. FICOIDE.K. 327 eaoli cell ; styles as niany as cells, filifovm, stigmatic along; tlie inuer side. Capsule suiTOunded by the persistent calyx, depressed, opeuing loculicidally in as many valves as cells, or in tbe Australian species tbe valves split septi- cidally. — Herbs or undersbrubs. Leaves alternate or rarely opposite, witbout stipules. FJowers solitary or divaricately cymose. The genus is cliiefly African, and especiaily S. African, l)nt extendiii?; to N. Africa and S. Europe. The only Australian species is eiKleniic, arid difters froni the African ones in habit, in its 4-nierous tioweis, in the calyx valvate, not iinbricate in the bud, and in the de- hiscence of the capsule. In this respect it is niore nearly allied to Giumia, to which it ought perhaps to Uc referrcd, biit the staniens are numerous as iu Aizoon. The opposite leaves occur also in oue of the S. Africaa specics. 1. A. quadriiidum, F. Muell. Frar/m. ii. 148. A rigid sbrub, probably small, wilb divaricate opposite or dicliotoriious braucbes, covered as weli as tbe leaves witb a dense but close almost scurfy toiuentura. Leaves opposite, narrow-linear, obtuse, ratber tliick aud soft, not above \ in. loug in tbe speci- mens. FloAvers &liortly pedicellate, terminal or in tbe forl\s, resembling in shnpe aud size tbose of A. hispanlcnui. Calyx tomeutose ; tube sbort, broadly turbiuate, tbe ribs not prominent ; lobes 4, valvate, ovate-acuminate, about 3 bnes long. Stamens uumerous, denscly crowded opposite the siniis of tbe calyx, more distaut opposite the lobes ; tilaments sleuder, more or less covered like the ovary with transpavent vesicular cells, about as long as tbe calyx- lobes. Ovary truucate ou tbe top, 4-angled, 4-celled, witb 4 styles stigraatic along their iuner side. Ovules uumeroits. Capsule almost free, obpyrainidal- truncate, septicidally debiscent in 4 truucate valves, loculicidally divided almost to the base. — Sesnvinin q/iadri/idntn, F. Muell. Rep. Babb. Exped. 9. N. S. "Wales. Towards the Barrier Rauge, betwcen Duroodoo and Nangavera, Victo- rian E.rpedifion. S. Australia,. Dcsert at Stuai-fs Creek, HergoU. 4. GUNNIA, F. Muell. Calyx free, deeply divided into 4 lobes, valvate in tbe bud. Petals none. Starnens 4, inserted ou tbe calyx-tube aud alternatiug witb its lobes. Ovary superior, enclosed iu the calyx, 4-celled, w4th several ovules iu each cell ; styles 4, filiforiTi, stigmatic aloug tbe inner side. Capsidc enclosed in the persistent calyx, opening loculicidally, each valve splittiug septicidally. Seeds numerous, small ; testa thin and smooth; embryo curvcd rouud a mealy albu- men. — Small ditfuse auiuials. Leaves opposite. Flowers terniiiial or iu tlic forks, nearly sessile. The genns is limited to Australia. Leaves liuear 1- G. septifraya. Leaves ovate 2. G^. Brummondii. 1. G. septifraga, F. Mnell. Rep. Bahb. Exped. 9. The specimens de- scril)ed from one small fragment, but are evidently allied to G. Drnmmondii. The brauches appenr to be more slender, the single pair of floral leaves pre- served are liuear. Flowers nearly sessile in the forks orterminal. Calyx- lobes acute, aboiit \\ lincs long wheu iu flower, 3 liues loug wben in fruit. S. Australia. Stnarfs Creck, HergoU. 2. G. Drummondii, Benlh. A diftuseauuual, with opposite braiiches, 328 LV. FicoiDE.E. [Gininia. the wliole plant iu our speciinens scarcely exceeding 2 in. Leaves opposite, petiolate, ovate or ovate-oblong, 2 to 4 liues long. Flowers large for tlie plaiit, sessile or nearly so in the forks aiid at the ends of the branches. Calyx-tubo short, turbinate ; lobcs 4, valvate, broadly ovate, acute, ncarly 3 lines long wheu olosed over the fruit. Staraens 4, inserted below the niiddle of the calyx-tube and about as loiig as its lobes. Capsule contracted and verv shortly adnate at the base, broad in the centrc, pyramidal and 4-angled at the top, openiiig bolh loculicichdly and septicidally. Seeds numerous. W, Australia, Bnimmond, n. 2-11. 5. SESUVIUM, Linn. Calyx free, deeply 5-lobed. Petals none. Staraens 5, alternating with the calyx-lobes or indefinite, often very nunierous, inserted at the top of the tube. Ovaiy free, enclosed in the calyx, 3- to 5-celled, with numerous ovules in each cell ; stylcs as many as cells, filiform, stigmatic along the inner side, at least towards the end. Capsule surrounded by the persistent calyx, mem- branous, more or less completely dividcd by very thin dissepiments, trans- versely circumsciss about tlie micldle. Sceds several ; testa coriaceous, smooth. — Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves opposite, ileshy, without stipules, but sometimes with scarious dilatations of the petiole. Flowers solitary or clus- tered in the axils or ahnost cymose, the calyx-Iobes usually coloured inside, with more or less scarioiis margins. The genns contains about four species, spread ovcr the seacoasts of the tropical aud sub- tropical regions of the globe, Ihe Australian specics being the commonest and the niost gene- rally ditfused bolh in the New aud the Old Worid. \. S. portulacastrum, Linn. ; DC. Prod. iii. 453, A sueculent herb, proounibent or orcoping and rooting at the joints. Leaves liuear or linear-ob- long, contracted bclow the middle, broader and stem-clasping at the base, mostly 1 to 2 in. long, rathcr thick, flat above, convex underneath. Pedicels from very short to ratlier longer thnn the oalyx. Calyx 3 to 4 lines long or sometimes more, the tube turbinate, ^ to 1 linc long;' lobes ovate-lanceolate, green on the back, scarious on the margins aud pink or purple inside, often shortly mucronate below the end. Stamens very numerous, inserted at the top of the calyx-tid^e and shorter than its lobcs, thc filaments sometiraes shortly united at the base. Ovary 3- or rarely 4-ceIled. Capsule ovoid, not exccedihg tlie calyx, circumsciss below the middle. — Bot. Mag. t. 170L N. Australia. Albert river, Ilenne. Queensland. E. coast, R. Bruwn ; Port Curtis, 3l'Gi//ivrai/ ; Howicks Group and saudy slioies of ihe ishmds of .Moreton Bay, F. Mueller ; Fitzroy river, Thozet. N. S. 'Wales. Clarence rivpr, Wilcox. The slyles are frec to the base in alJ the flott-crs I havc exaniiucd, but are occasionally 4 in uumber, as in Pfanmanthe marina, Hance in Walp. Ann. ii. 6(50, froni the Chincse coasts, wliich appears fo be a variety only of S. portulacastrum, notwithstanding that the styles are rcally, as described by Hauce, shortly united at the base. 6'. rcpens, Koth, to wliich the Indiau specinicns are rcferrcd in Wight and Arn. Prod. .361, appcars to bc a varicty or rather a state ouly of S. portnlacoides, with smaller tlowcrs and shortcr and broadcr leaves, owing, as suggestcd by Aruott, to want of Iu.xuriaucc. LV. FICOIDE.K. 3:29 6. TRIANTHEMA, Liiin. (Ancistrostigiiia, Fenzl) Calyx free, more or less deeply 5-lobed. Petals none. Stamens inserted at the top of the calyx-tiibe, eithev 5 alternatiiig; with its lobes or indefinite. Ovary free or nearly so, enclosed in the calyx, either 2-celled with 2 styles, or 1-celled (reduced to 1 carpel) with 1 exceiitrical or hiteral style ; ovules 2 or more in eacli cell, attaehed to a basal phicenta, free or shortly adnate to the partition. Capsule membranous or hard, transversely circunjsciss, and when 2-celled the upper portion sonietimes separating septicidally into 2 cocci, and in some species, not Austraban, divided inside by a transverse partition under the uppermost seed. 8eeds orbicular or reniform, the testa often granular. — Prostrate or diffuse herbs, rarely woody at the base. Leaves opposite, the two of each pair unequal in size, the petioles often witli a scarious dilatatiou at the base, but no real stipules. Flowers axilhiry, solitary or in cymes or cUisters. Bracts and bracteoles often somewhat scarious. The genus is dispersed over the tropical and subtropical regions of the New as well as the Old Woi-ld. Of the 6 Australian species, 2 are widely distributed over the warmer regions of Asia aiid Africa, the 4 others are endemic. Ovary aud fruit 2-celled, trimcate or concave at the top. Styles 2. Flowers clustered 1.7'. clecandra. Ovary and fruit 1-celled, with 1 style. Ovary aud fruit truncate or concave at the top. Flowers clus- tered. Glabrous or slightly pubcscent. Stamens 3. Capsule short and broad 2. 21 crysiallina. Hirsute with long hairs. Stamens about 20. Capsule with a naiTow beak .3. T. pilota. Ovary and fruit acute or tapering into the style, or rounded at the top. Glabrous or sparingly pubescent. Flowers solitary, pedicel- late, not very small 4. y. o.cycalyptra. Hirsute, small and densely tufted. Mowers solitary in the axils, but crovvded ou the plaut, small Xi. T. rhyncJiocalyptra. Glabrous. Flowers small, iu loose peduaculate cymes . ; 6. T. cypseleoides. 1 . T, decandra, Linn.; DC.Prod.n\.^b2. Procurabent and glabrous,said to be annual, but the specimens sometimes show a hard Avoody base ; branclies dichotomous, rarely attaining 1 ft. Leaves from broadly obovate to oblong, ^ to 1|- in. long, narrowed into a rather long petiole. Flowers several together in a cluster, not exceeding the petiole, allhough sometimes very shortly pedunculate. Bracts and bracteoles small and scarious. Calyx about 1 line long when in flower, somewliat enlarged when in fruit, the lobes longer than the tube, scarious on the margin and mucronate close to tbe end. Stamens 10 to 12 or sometimes a few more. Ovary ovoid, truncate, witii a few pro- minent tubercles, 2-celled ; ovules 2 in each cell, coUaterally ascending from a basal placenta, shortly aduate to the dissepiment ; styles 2. Capsule about 2 lines long, the seeds superposed in each cell, the upper one asceuding the lower one pendulous ; when ripe the npper portion separating into 2 cocci, opening on the inner face, the lower portion circumsciss below the insertion of the seeds. Seeds bhick, rugose. — VVight, Ic. t. 29G ; P. Mucll. Fragin. i. 172. 330 l^V- FICOIDE.E. [Triani/ieina. N.Australia. 'N.Vi. coast, J. Cunni^iff/iam, Jii/noe. Queensland. Dawson and Bumett rivers, and Peak Downs, F. Mueller ; Funuel Creek, Boiri/nn/. N. S. Wales. Darliug desert to Cooper"s Creek, Victorian E.rpediiion, HoxciiCs Expedition, itc. 2. T. crystallina, Vu/d, BC. Frod. iii. 352. Glabrous or sliiilitly pu- bescent or covered Avitli little transpareiit vesicles, prostrate or diffiise, the wiry dichotomous stems sometimes extending to 1 or 2 tt., sometimes short and compact. Leaves froin oval-oblong to linear. Flowers small, in axillary cymes or chisters, much shorter than the leaves. Calyx about \\ lines long, tiie lobes narrow, obtnse, spreading, rather longer thau the tube. Stamens 5. Ovary of 1 carpcl, truncate, with 2 erect ovules ; style excentrical. Capsule shortaud broad, tlie top coucave, forming a short broad cnp ronud the style. Seeds 2, tjranular, flat, obliquely superposed. — Wiglit and Arn. Prod. 355 ; F. MucU. Fragm. i. 171; T. ghiucifolia, F. Mnell, Fragm. i. 172. N. Australia, Lower Victoria river, F. MueJIer ; iu Ihe interior, M^DoiiaU Sliiart. Queensland. BroaJ Sound, i2. .B/-oif« ; Burdekiu aud Dawson rivers, F. Mueller ; Ca)»' river, Bowmaii. The species is common in tropical Asia and Africa. 3. T. pilosa, F. Muell. Fragr,i. i. 174. rrocumbcut, from a k\\ inches to above 2 ft. in length, hirsute, with spreading hairs, particularly long and deuse about the.intioresceuce. Leavcs obovate, narrowed into a rather loug petiole, the largest attaining about 1 in. Plowers in axillary sessile clusters. Calyx wlien full grown about 3 lines loug ; lobes ovate-lanceolate, very open, as long as the tube. Stamens about 20. Ovary of 1 ,carpel, the style lateral, below the end, which soon closes round it; ovules 2. ("apsule iuchided in the calyx, produced iuto a cyHnder concave or cup-shaped at the top rouud the style, circnrasciss about the rniddle of the basal seed-bearing portion. N. Australia. N.W. coast, j5_y'iO(? ; Cygnet Bay, ^. Cunninijham ; Nichol Bay and De Grcv rivcr, Ridleys Expedttion ; desertbetween IIooker's and Sturt's Creeks, F. Mueller ; islauds of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown. 4. T. oxycalyptra, F.Mnell. Fragm. i. 173. Prostrate, rather slender, glabrous or sparingly piibesccnt. Leaves obovatc ovate or spathuhite, obtuse or ahuost acute, mostly uuder \ iu. long and narrowed into a loug petiole. Plowcrs sobtary, more or less pedicellate. Calyx 3 to 4 lines long ; lobes rather longer than the tube. Staraens about 15 to 20. Ovary of 1 carpel, the style tcrininal ; ovules about 4 or 5. Capsule rather broad, acute, cir- curasciss below the raiddle. Seeds 2 to 5, superposed, compressed, elegantly marked with radiating rows of papillpc. N. Australia. Sturfs Creek, F. Mueller. 5. T. rhynchocalyptra, F. Mnell. Fragm. i. 174. Perenuial, forming densc prostrale tufts, somctimes ouly 2 or 3 in. diaraeter, soraetimes woody at the base, the branehes extending to 6 in., more or less liirsiite, with rigid bristly or soft spreading hairs. Leaves oval or oblong, obtuse, rarely above \ in. long, uarro>ved into a short petiole, Plowers sessile and crowded, al- though solitary in each axil. Calyx thin and membranous, rather narrow, about 2 liues long or rather more wheu in fruit, the lobes searccly so long as llic tube. Staraeu'; about 10. Ovary of 1 carpcl obliquely tapcring into Triaulliema.'] LV. ficoidE/Y, 331 the style, wliich is rathcr long autl recui-ved. Ovules about 5 or 6, on paui- cles of various lengths oi\ a sliort phicenta. Capsule acute, circumsciss below the michne. Seeds 2 to 5, minutely granulose. N. Australia. Sandy stony liills and plains, Vicloria rivcr, F, MiieUer ; islands of tlie Gull' of Caipeutaria, A*. Brown. 6. T. cypseleoides, Benth. Gkbrous, prostrate, slendcr and vcry smalL Leaves oljovate or orbicular, scarcely above \ in. long in the speci- niens seen, on slender petiolcs dilated at ihe base into scarious stipules. Flowers small, in loose axillary pedunculate cymes exceeding the leaves, with scarious bracts under the forks and pedicels. Pedicels sleuder, about 1 iine loug. Calyx about 1 bne long, the lobes broad, obtuse, rather longer than the tube. Stamens 7 to 10. Ovary of 1 carpel short and rounded, with 6 to 12 ovules on funicles of various lengths ; style terminal, but sbghtly ex- centrical, linear and recurvcd. Capsule globukr, circumsciss. Seeds sniooth. — Ancistrostigma cijpHeJeoichs, Fenzl, Ncv. Stirp. Decad. 85. N. S. Wales. Hawkesbury river, R. Broivn ; also iu Leichhardt' s collectioii. Tribe III (or SuBOiiDEii). MoLLUGiNEiE. — Calyx free, divided to the base or uearly so. "Wlien the calyx is divided qnite to tlie base, the staiuens, inscrted as in the rest of the Order below the lobes, are necessarily hypogynous. In a few species the base of the calyx is slightly developed and theu the stamens are somewhat periijynous. Tfie group has been frrquently referred to Carjiophtjlte. M. Spergula. Section II. MoUugo. — Seeds without any strophiola. Glabrous, decumbeut. Flowers rather large in loose axillary cymes or racemes. Stamens 5, the tilaments much dilated at the base . 4. M. trigastrotheca. Glabrous, filiform, and small. Flowers small, oa fililbrm pedicels. Stamens 5, the filaments not dilated 5. ilf. Cerviana. 1. M. Glinus, A. Rich. Fl. Abyss. i. 48. A rather coarse species, softly tomentose all over, sometimes small and erect, but usually diffuse, pro- cumbent or ascending and spreading to above 1 ft. Leaves from obovate- orbicular to oblong-spatliidate, sometimes above 1 in. long, bnt usually mucli sraaller. Flowers clustered at the nodes on short pedicels rarely as long as the calyx. Calyx like the rest of the plant, very tomentose, segments 2^ to 4 lines long. Stamens about 10 to 15, vvith 5 or fewer exterual staininodia, flat, very thin and transparent, often forked. Styles usually 5, united at the base. Capsule enclosed in the calyx, 5-lobed. Seeds numerous ; testa tu- berculate, fuuicle thickened into a short strophiole or arillus, with a long fili- form hair-like wliite proccss more or less encircling the seed. — Glinus lotoides, Linn. Spec. Pl. 063; Fenzl, in Ann. Wien. Mus. i. 357, with the synonyms adduced; F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 202. N. Australia. Yictoria river, F. MueUer. Queensland. Rockhampton, Thozet. N. S. 'Wales. Darling river, Dallachy and Goodwin. Victoria. Sandy occasionally inundatcd banks of the Murray river, F. Mueller. Widely dispersed over the tropical and subtropical regions of the Old World, extending to Europe, and fouud also in various parts of tropical Araerica. There is a less tomentose variety vvith snialler flowers, approaching M. Sjpergula, which howcver has uot yet been found iu Australia. 2. M. orygioides, F. Muell. Herb. Stout and rigid, apparently peren- nial, dichotomously branched, quite glabrous. Leaves obovate or oblong, all under \ in. in our speciinens. Flowers rather large, iu termiual clusters, on very short pedicels. Outer calyx-segments about 2 lines long, with a narrovv scarious border, inner ones rather larger at first, vvith a broader border, at length 3 lines long, broadly-ovate, white and scarious, with a greenish centre. Stamens about 15, with a fevv staminodia, either all subulate or 2 or 3 flat thin and transparent. Stylos 3 or rarely 4, quite free. Seeds not numerous, larger than those of 31. Glimis, and tlie hair-like appendage to the funicle not so long, only half encircling the seed. — Glinus orygioides, F. Muell. PI. Yict. i. 203. N. S. TVales. Desert plaius, east of Grey Raiige, Beckler. S. Australia. Cooper's Creck, Wriyht. 334 Lv. FicoiDE.i-:. [MoUiiffo. 3. M. Spergula, Llnn. Spec. 131. Glabrous or soraewhat pubescent wlien youug, niucli and dicliotomonslv branclied, procumbent and spreading to 1 ft. or niore, or nearly erect when small. Leaves from obovate-oblong to almost linear, sometimes ahnost 1 in. long, much smaller on the Howering branches. Flowers iu smnll chislers at the ncdes, the pedicels as long as or longer tliau the calyx. Calyx-segments glabrous, from 1 to nearly \\ lines long. Staniens not above 10 and usually much fewer, with occasioually a few staininodia amongst them. Styles or style-branclies aud capsule-valves 3. Seeds rather numerous, the fnnicle thickeued into a small arillus, with a filiforui process more or less encircling the seed as in M. Glinns. — Gli/i/is Molliiffo, Fenzl in Anu. Wien. Mus. i. 3.59, with the syuonyms adduced ; F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 203; M. Nova-Hollandide, F. MuelL iu^Traus. Phil. Soc, Yict. i. 14 ; M. fflinoides, A. Kich. Fl. Abyss. i. 48, not of Cambess. N. Australia. Victona river aiid towards M'Adani Range, F. Mueller. Victoria. Sandy periodically inundated bauks of tbe Murray and its backvvaters, F. Muelle/-. W. Australia, Drum/nond, Mli Coil. n. 166, ^th CoU. n. 276. Tlie spccies is conmion in troj^ical Asia and Africa. 4. M. trigastrotheca, T. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 201. Glabrous, decum- bent or diffuse, dichotomously branched, under 1 ft. long. Leaves linear, chistered so as to appear verticillate, acute, often exceeding 1 in. Plowers rather hirge, in loose eymes or branched racemes often as long as the leaves. Calyx-segments about 2 lines long, white aud petal-hlually furrovved at the commissure. Seed terete or dorsally compressed. Umbels simple or rarely irregularly compound and few-flowered. Ovary 2-celled. Carpels nearly terete or angnlar. Tufted pereunials with radical or imbricate leaves, or rarely slender and creeping stems . . 5. Azorella. Carpels much compressed dorsally. Tufted perennials with radi- cal leaves aud peduucles 6. Diplaspis. Umbels siinple. Ovary aud fruit of a single ovule and seed ... 7- Actinotus. Heads of flowers simple, dense. Leaf-lJbes and involucral bracts rigid and pungeut-poiuted 8. Eeyngium. Fruit slightly or uot compressed. Carpels with 5 prominent ribs and usiudly 1 vitta under each furrow. Umbels simple. Small creeping glabrous plaut with linear tufted entire leaves. Albumcn terete 11. Crantzia. Tufted pubesccut perennial. Leaves much dissected. Albumeu concave towards the coramissure 14. Oreomyhrhis. Umbels compound. Fruit-ribs obtuse. Commissure of the fruit narrow. Seeds terete .... 9. Apium. Commissure of the fruit broad. Seeds semiterete .... 10. Seseli. Fruit-ribs very acutely prominent, the lateral ones often aliuost winged 12. Aciphyllum. Fruit scarccly compressed, densely covered with bristles proceeding from 4 promiuent sccondary ribs on each carpel, with siugle vittse uuder the ribs. Priuiary ribs incouspicuous 13. Daucus. Besides the above genera, the followiug UinbelliferfB, iutroduced frora Europe, have raore or less established theniselves in some of the settled colouies, all with compouud umbels. Petroselinum sativim, Hoifm. [ParsleiJ). Au erect glabrous plaut with dissected leaves, allied to Apium, but the umbels all peduuculate with a few involucral bracts, the flowers of a pale greeuish-ycllow, aud the carpophore bipartite. — About Adelaide. Ammi majus, Liuu. ^Yith disscctcd lcaves, peduuculate umbels, the flowcrs and fruit nearly of Ajnum, but the geuei'al involucrc of a few dissectcd bracts. — Paramatta, JFoo/fs. Siu7n latifolihm, Linn., and S. an(/Hstifotiiim, Linn. Perenuials decumbent or some- times creeping at thc base, and erect or asceuding stems. Leaves simply piuuate. Fruits uearly those oi Apium, but the calyx-teetb ustudly promincnt and several vittse under each furrow. Umbels with general and partial involucres. S. latifoliim , a large speties with the uinbels all tcrmiual. — Cape Wilsou and Lofty Range, P. Mutller. S. angustifolium, sraaller, with the umbcls lcaf-opposed or lateral. — Paramatta, Woolls. Pastinaca sativa, Liun. (Parsnip). Ercct with pinnate lcaves. L^mbels without iuvo- lucres. Fruits dorsally compressed, very flat, oval, wilh scarcely promiucut ribs aud very conspicuous vittac. — Near Adelaide, F. Mueller. Caucalis infesta, Curt. Erect, tall but sleuder, with pinnatifid or pinnate leaves. Ge- neral iuvoluci'e uoue or of one liuear bract. Fruit small, bristly as in Baucus, but the bristles scattered, the secoudary ribs not proniinent, the primary ones alonc conspicuouB, with single vittsc undcr thc furrows. — Near Port Macquarrie iu Tasuiauia, MilHgan. Coriandrum sativiim, Linn. {Coriander). An crect rather slendcr annual with tiuely dis- sected lcaves. Uuibels without general involucre. Fruits globular, not rcadily separatiug iiito two carpels, and without vitt£e. — Near Adelaide. \Ve have also from AV. Australia, Brvmmond, 2nd Coll. n. 195, speciraeus in lcaf ouly of i.vi. umbeli,ifek.t;. 337 aTi IJmbellifcr whit-Ii 1 liave bceii iiiiable to match preci.sdy, iilthougli thry imich reseinble thc above-incntioned Sium angusttfolinm, Linn. 1. HYDROCOTYLE, Liiin. Calyx-teeth iniimte or inconspicuous. Petals entire, acute, valvate or imbvicatf. Disk flat, with a raised annular or ciip-shaped niargin. Pruit laterally roinpressed, without vittse, ofteii didynious, carpophore deciduous with the cai-pels or persisteiit ; carpels with the dorsal rib pi-ominent, the lateral ribs conccaled in the commissure, or distiuct and prominent or rarely combined iii one promiiient rib, the intermediate ribs usually prominent, straight, curved or short and semicircuiar ; secondary ribs very rarely con- spicuous. Seed straight, laterally compressed. — Herbs either prostrate aud rootiiig at the nodes oi' erect and annual. Leaves either oibicular, peltate cn- deeply cordate and entire or divided, or cuneate at the base and divided. Stipules scarions, olteu toothed or jagged, especially in the annual species. Fiowers sniall, sometimes luiisexiial, in simple umbels or also verticillate on the peduncle below the terminal umbel, white or rarely purplish. The genus is disiiersed over the warmer and temperate regions of thc globe, most fre- quent in moist sitiiatious or floating iu watcr. Of the 26 Australian species two have a wide range over thc New as well as the Old "World, a third is also in Ncw Zcaland aud per- haps iu some otlier couutries, the remainder arc cndcniic. Section I. Euhydrocotyle. — Leaves {except in H. alata) orhicnlar and peltate or (lceply cordate, or divided lo the base into 3, 5 or more seyments. Petals valvate. Car- pels with the intermediate ribs alone promineiil on eacli side or rurely with the lateral nnes also distinct and prominent. Stcms creeping and rooting, at least at the lower joiuts. Carpo- phore decidnous with the carpels. Fruits inore or lcss didymous, thc carpels convex on the sidcs, the dorsal edge obtuse. Leavcs orbicuLir, pcltately attached by thc cciitre . . . . 1 . //. vuUjaris. Leavcs roiindcd or roniform-cordate with a decp sinus at the insertion of tiic petiole, crciiatc or lobcd but not divided to the base. Fruils iiearly sessile in the head. Smalj densely-matted plant. Stipules iiiibricated on thc shorttloweriug brauches - . -2. H. peduncularis. DiflTusc plants with distinct flowering nodes. Stipules not imbricMte i. H. hirta Fruits distinctly pedicellate in the umbeL Flowcring-steins asccuding or erect. Leaves inorc or less hirsute and lobed. Friiit 1 line broad . . . . 4. //. laxijiora. Flowcring-stcms sleuder and diffuse. Leaves glabrous, scarcely lobcd. Fruit f line broad oii long slcnder iiedicels o. H. pedicellosa. Leaves divided to tlie base into 3 or 5 lobcs &. H. tripartita. Fruits flat, striate, thc dorsal edge of the carjiels a>cute, the sc- coiidary ribs slightly prominent. Plant ghibrous . . _ . . 1. H. plebcia. Fruifs vcry flat, thc dorsal cdge of thc carpels acute or winged. Plants usually glalirous. Leaves rounded or rcuifonn, crenate or broadly aiul obtusely lobed. Carpels with thc dorsaLedge acute but not winged ... 7- //. plebeia. Carpels with tiic dorsal cdge cxpanded iuto a wing . . . %. H.ptenirarpa. VOL. III. Z 338 LVl. IJMBELLIFEKjE, [Bydrocotyle. 10. Lcaves divided to the base or nearly so into lanceolate seg- ments. Carpels not winged 9 Small or iiliform, crect or diffuse anuuals, not rooting at the joints. Carpophorc persistent or deciduous. Fruits broadcr than long, niore or lcss didymous with 2 (inter- mediate) ribs on each side, the lateral ribs not distinct from the narrow commissurc. rruits with the ribs very prominent, forming 6 thick obtnse wings to the fruit, the intermcdiate ones not much cm'ved . Fruits with the intermediate ribs semicircular, enclosing a pit or inner disk. Dorsal rib winged 11 Fruit not winged. Fruit smooth or scarcely grannlar ontside the rib. Leaves nearly divided to the base. Semicircular ribs of the fruit very obtnse, enclosiug a small pit Leaves not divided to the middle. Semicircular ribs of the fi'uit acute, enclosing a broad disk Fruit grannlar or muricate along the ribs. Fruit about ^ line broad Fruit nearly 1 line broad, veiT didymous .... Fruit transversely rugose, forming 1 or 2 rows of little pits outside the semicircular ribs. Pits several in 1 or 2 rows. Plant of 3 to 6 in., often hirsute. Fruit 1 line broad Plant of 1 to 2 in., glabrous. Fruit % line broad . Pits 2, 3 or rarely 4 to cach carpel Fruits broader than long, very tiat, witli 4 or apparently 6 ribs on each siile (the lateral ribs distinct from the commissure and the dorsal rib very thick, so as to be prominent on each side) . Fruits ovate or not broader than long, striate with 4 nearly pa- rallel ribs on each side (the lateral ones distinct from the commissure). Leaves oi'bicular-cordate or reniform. Stems iong aud slciider. Unibels 6- to 10-flowered . . Stems floating, leafy part very short. Umbels 3- to 6- flowered 21. Lcaves triangular hastate or acutely 5-lobed. Stems erect or shortly diffuse 22 Fruits acntely tetragonous (the lateral ribs forming one promi- nent angle at the broad commissnre, the dorsal rib prominent, the intermediate oncs inconspicuous) 23 H. geraniifolia. H. inedicaginoides. H. muriculata. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. H. callicarpa. H. scidellifera. H. hispidida. H. irachi/carpa. H. pilifera. H. capillaris. H. rugulosa. 19. H.diantha. 20. H. grammatocarpa. H. lemnoides. H. alata. H. tetragonocarpa. t the base or narroio. Section II. Centella. — Leaves {ercept in H. asiatica) cuneate a Petals imbricate. Small annuals. Leaves cuneate at the basc, toothed or 3-partite. Leaves decply toothcd. Flowers in dense heads. Fruits didy- mous, glochidiate. Plant of 1 to li in 2^. H. glochidiata. Leaves lobcd or partitc. Flowers in loose nrabels. Fruits vei-y flat. Plant of 2 to C in 25. J7. verticillata. Perennial, erceping and rooting at the nodes. Leaves broadly cor- date. Carpophore deciduous with the fruit. Fruits obscurely several-ribbed (thc secondary ribs sometimes conspicuous) . . 26. H. asiatica. {J::oreIIa Muelleri has the habit aud stipules of a Hydrocotyle, bnt thc fruit is scarcely compressed, furrowed at the commissure, and the calyx-teeth very prominent.) Hydroeotyle.'] i-vi. umbelliferje. 339 Section I. EuHTDROCOTYLE, DC. — Leaves (except in H. alata) orbi- cular and peltate or deoply cordate, or divided to tbe base into 5 or more seg- ments. Petals valvate. Oarpels witli the intermediate ribs alone prominent on each side, or rai-ely with the lateral ones also distinct and prominent. 1. H. vulgaris, Lhin. ; BC. Prod. iv. 59. Stems slender, creeping in niud oi' tioatiiig in water, rooting at every uode and emitting from the same point tufts of leaves and peduncles. Leaves orbicular, | to 1 in. diaraeter or whon very luxuriant twice that sizc, crenate or slightly lobed, peltately attaclied by the ceutre to a rather long petiole, with about 9 or when luxu- riant 11 nerves radiating from the same point. Stipules broad and entire but very soon worn away from the rooting nodes. Peduncles shorter than the petioles, eitlier with a single terminal head or nmbel or with the addi- tion of 2 or 3 whorls belovv it of minnte white flowers on exceedingly short pedicels. Bracts small, scarious. Petals valvate, slightly induplicate. Fruit ly to \^ lines broad, not above 1 line long, 2-ribbed on each side (the intermediate ribs alone prominent, the lateral ones concealed in tlie coramissure), the dorsal edge of the carpels obtuse. — Eeichb. Ic. FI. Grerm. t. 1842 ; H. interrupta, Muehl. ; DC. Prod. iv. 59 ; H. verilclllata, Thunb. ; Harv. and Sond. FI. Cap. ii. 527. Queensland. Moretou Bay, Leichliardt. N. S. Wales. Paramatta, WooUs ; Hunter's River, Oldfield. Victoria. Lake "Wellington, Gipps' Land, and Murray river, F. Mneller ; uear Mel- bourne, Adamson. S. Australia. St. Vincent's Gulf, Gawler river, F. Mueller. The species is widely distributed over the teniperale regions of botli hemispheres. 2. H. peduncularis, R. Br. in A. Rich. Hydroc. 62. t. 61./. 26. Stems perennial and creeping to sorae length, with numerous very short flowering branches covered with imbricate stipules, forraing nsually iittle deusely raatted tufts. Leaves orbicular-cordate or reniforra, rarely above 2 lines dia- meter, shortly broadly and obtusely 5-Iobed. Peduncles tiliform, usually but not always exceeding the leaves, bearing a head of 3 to 6 small flowers, Petals valvate. Pmits about | line broad, carpels with convex sides, each with a prorainent curved rib. Styles short. — DC. Prod. iv. 66 ; Hook. f. Fl, Tasra. i. 152. t. 32B. Tasmania. Marshes at Circular Head, summits of the Western Mouutaius, Hamp- shire Hills, etc, J. D. Rooker aud others. Var. gracUenta, Hook. f. More slenderand lax. —H . gracilenta, Hook. f. in Hook. Loud. Journ. vi. 467. This is much like the most slcnder and smallest forms of H. hirta, but the stipules are much larger, the habit diflerent, the flowers much fewer, the ribs of the fruit more curved and prominent. 3. H* hirta, R. Br. in A. Rich. Hydroc. 64. Prostrate or crceping and rooting at least at the lower nodes, rather slender and more or less hirsute. Leaves orbicular-cordate or reniforra, divided to about \ or J, rarely deeper, into about 7 broad crenate lobes, usually froni \ to l^ in. diaineter. Stipules usually ciliate or fringed, Peduncles solitary or 2 together, each with a small head of numerous (10 to 40) minute flowers, scssile or veiy shortly pedicellate, Bracts small. Petals valvatc Fruits not niore than 1 liuc diameter and often smaller, vei-y closelv packed in a small globular liead, z 2 340 LVi. UMBELLiFEU.F. \IIydrocolijle. qnite smootli or graiiulni-, eacli witli 2 proraineiit rihs on eacli side (the in- tmnediate ones), tlie dursal edge of tlie carpels obtuse. — Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 152. Quecnsland. Brisbiine rivcr, F. MuelliT. N. S. 'Wales. Port Jackson, R. lirown, and others. Victoria. Fiom Gipps' Laud to the western froutiers, F. Mueller, and others. Tasmania. Port Dalryiuple, 11. Broivn ; abundant in wet places throughout the colony, /. I). Hooh'r. S. Australia, R. Broirn , Lofly Range, Mount Disappoiatmeut, etc, F.Mueller. "W. Australia, Brumnwnd, 'ird Coll. S/tppI. n. 32. A'ar. (?) acutiloha, F. JlueU. Leaves divided to about the middle into triaugular more or less acute lobes. Plant rather large. Fruils very small. — Queensland, from Dawson river, F. Miieller, Rockhamptou, Dallachy, to Brisbane river, Moreton Bay, F. Mueller, and others. Var. ? pusilla. Smaller and less hirsute, sometimes nearly glabrous. — JI. pulchella, R. Br. iu A. Rich. Hydroc. 59 ; DC. Prod. iv. 66 ; //. elegans, A. Rich. Ilydroc. 58 ; DC. Prod. iv. OG (with deeper lobeJ leaves) ; R. tasmauica, Hook. f. iu Hook. Loud. Journ. vi. 4f)7, aud Fi. Tasui. i. 152. t. 32A ; //. vagans, Hook. f. in Hook. Loud. Journ. vi. 468, aud Fl. Tasm. i. 153. t. o3A. — From Queeusland to Tasmania, iachidiug some of Sieber's specimens, u. 14. The more glabrous fornis froni inore aquatic situations. The species may not be distinct from a common tropical and subtropical one, wliich in- cludes H. rotiindifolia, Roxb. ; Wigbt, Ic. t. 564, from tropical Asia ; H. sibthorpioides, Lam. ; A. Rich. Hydroe. t. 54. f. 8. from the Mauritius ; H. Mannii, Hook. f. in Journ. Linu. Soc. vii. 194, from tropical Africa; H. marchantioides, (Mos iu Gay, Fl. Chil. iii. 67, from Chile, and sorae forms usually r.eferred to H. Bonplandi, A. Rich, froui the Audes. The eomuiou New Zealand H. moschata, Forst., is rather niore distinct, but even that might perliaps be inchided in the same series, and, if so, Forster's name appears to have the right of ])riori(y for the eoilective spccies. //. interte.Tta, R. Br. ; A. Rich, Hydroe. 63 ; DC. Prod. iv. 66, from the single small specimen I have scen, woulJ appeav to bc one of the fonns of H. hirta, with rather louger styles. A. Richard describes the carj)ophore as ))ersistent, a char;'cter which the specimen I saw did not show. //. Gaudichandiatia, DC. Prod. iv. 67, only known to me by the dia- guosis giveu, is again probably one of tiie forms of //. hirta. 4. H. laxiflora, DC. Prod. iv. fil. Stems creeping and rooting like tlie allied spccies, but the tlowering branches often ascending- or erect to the length of 6 in. or even more, hirsnte as well as the leaves with spreading hairs. Leaves orbicular-cordate, shortly and broadly 5- to 11-lobed and crenate, rarely above 1 in. diaraeter. Stipules entire or slightly fringed-ciliate. Pe- duncles short or long, eacli with a globular urabel of 30 to 40 or even more flowers. Bracts lunnerous, small and narrow. Pedicels varyiug from | line to 3 lines long, Avhen long usually with infertile tlowers. Petals valvate. Styles long. Fruit about 1 liue l)road or ratlier more, smootli or granuhir, with 2 prominent ribs (the intermediate oues) on eacli side, tlic dorsal edge of the carpels obttise. — F. Muell. Fragm. iv. 179; II. deiisifloro, DC^.Prod. iv. 67 ; F. Muell. Fragm. iv. 180. Queensland. Dawsou and Burnett rivers, /'. Mneller. N. S. Wales. P.hie Mountains and in the interior to Bathnrst and Argyle county, A. Cunniiigham, /rcw/Z.y, aud others ; New England, /^w/i/m Victoria. Port Philiip, Gunn ; Glenelg river, Allitt. S. Australia. Torrens river, St. Viuccnfs Gulf, etc, Behr, F. Mueller. Var. ? minor. Flowers aud frnits very mucli smaller. — Moreton Bay, C. Stuari. De CandoUe had already obscrved the grcat similarity between his H. la.riflora and H. den- sifiora, which appcar to be always found growing together, and F. Mueller, Fragni. iv. 180, Hi/drocotyle.l LVi. umbelliper^. 341 seems to have suspected diniorphism. Au observatiou of uunierous specimeus secms to shovv tliat the differences are those of scmisexual dimorphism. lu the long-pediccllcd umbels the petals are more expanded, the stamens lonser, and the ovarv enhu-ges bnt little, aiid ulti- mately withers without formini;; p;ood seed. I have ouly found ripe fruits in the dense umbels, iu which the pedicels rarely attain 1 line. In these the pctals open less freely, sometimes cohering tili they fall, aiul the stameus are shorter. I have fouud both kinds of umbels ou the same spccimeii. 5. H. pedicellosa, F. Miiell. Trarjm. iv. 182. Stems sleiider, sliated but not rooting at the joints. Leavos divided to below the niiddle into 5 or 3 broatlly cuneate lobes, each with 2 or 3 deep teeth or lobes, the larger ones above \ in. diameter, all vcry thin. Stipules minute, slightly ciUate. Peduncles fdiforra, each with ati luubel of 3 to 6 very minute tiowei's. Pedicels at iirst very short, at length nearly as long as the fruit. Petals valvate. Fruit nearly 1 line broad, but not nearly so loug, didymous, the intermediate ribs semicircular, obtusely prominent, usually with a iew tubercles in tlie enclosed pit, aud a single row ou tlic outside. Carpophore short, persistent. W. S. Wales. Darling river, Victoriau Expedition. — Perbaps a variety only of H. hispidnla. Ifi. H. pilifera, Turcz. in Bull. Mosc. 1849, ii. 26. An erect annunl, often coarser tliau the allied species, and attainiug 6 in. to 1 it., although sometimes small, more or less hirsute with spreading luairs or rarely quite glabrous. Leaves \ in. diameter or more, deeply divided iuto about 5 cuneate lobes, usually again toothed or lobed. Stipules scarious, but more adnate to the petiole than in most species. Umbels pednnculate, with about 10 to 20 minute tlowers on very short pecUcels. Petals valvate. Fruits about 1 Une broad, didymous, the intermcdiate ribs semicircular, obtnsely promiueut, tlie euclosed pit smooth, with uuinerous transverse reticiilations outsido. Carpopliore persistent. W. Australia, Brummond, \sl Coll. {2nd ColL?) n. 21 aiid 198; Pinjarra, Miirniy river, Oldfeld. Var. glabrala. Nearly or quite glalirous. Swaii River, Drummond, \st Coll. 17. H. capillaris, F. Muell. Fragm. iv. 178. A minute slender glabrous anuual, rarely exceeding 2 in., and often under 1 in. Leaves very smaU, deeply divided into 3 lobes or segments, ol)tuse and entire, or shortly 2- or 3-lobed. Stipules broad. Peduncles sliort, with a head or urabel of 3 to 6 minute flowers on very short pedicels. Petals vaivate. Fruits about ■| line broad, didymous, the iutermediate ribs semieircuhir, very promineut, the enclosed pit smooth, the outside remarlcably pitted aud rugose. Victoria. Mucldy places often dricd np, Port Phillii), llopkiiis river, F. Mueller. S. Australia. Mount Ganibier and Kangaroo Ishuul, F. Mueller. "W. Australia. Geograpbc Bay, Oldjield. 'l'be siK'cics dillcrs froni //. pilifera, var. glabrata, chiefly in its niiiiute size and snialler less-divided k'avcs. 18. H. rugulosa, Tnrcz. in. Bull. Mosc. 1849, ii. 27. A sraall slcn(U'r glabrons annual, with erect or dittuse stems of 2 to 4 iu. Leaves uot above "1 in. diameter, divided to the base into 3 to .5 broadly-cuneatc toothed or lobed segments. Stipules broad, slightly jaggod. Peduucles short, slender, with an und)ol of 2 to 4 mimite tiovvers, on very short ]>cdicels. Petals valvate. Fruits i- to f line broad, didymous, thc intermediate ribs very prominent, souiicircuhir, counectod witli tlie outer raargin by 2 or 3 raised transverse lines, thus forniing 1 or rarely 2 pits within tlie rib, and 3 or 4 outside of it. ^V. Australia, Drummond, Mh Coll. v. 146. 19. H. grammatocarpa, F. Muell. Fraijm. ii. 128. A glabrons Ili/drocotyle.'] i.vi. umbellifera;. 34-5 aunual with filiform stcms, (litt"use or prostrate, and often clongate;! but uot rootiug at tlie nodes. Leaves cordate-oi'bicular or reuiform, ofteu above \ iu. diameter, crenate or obscurely 5- or 7-lobed, very tbiu and membranous. Stipules fringed. Peduucles filiform, witli a globular head or umliel of 6 to TO or rather more rainute flowers, at first uearly sessile, at length shortly pedioeUate. Petals tliin, coloured, but acute and valvate. Fruits bro;idly ovate, about \ line broad aud rather louger, slightly compressed, not iudented at the commissure, with about 6 equal ribs on each side (the secoudary ones prominent). Carpophore deciduous with the carpels. N. Australia. Gulf of Carpcntaria, F. Miieller. 20. H. diantha, BC. Frod. iv. 63. A very slender ditfiise glabrous aiiuual, tVom 1 or 2 in. to twice that leiigth. Leaves shortly petiolate, orbi- cular-creuate or reuiform, shortly and obtusely 4- or 7-lobed. Stipules broad, eutire. Uudjels sessile or shortly pedunculate with 3 to 6 or rarely only 2 pedicellate flowers. Petals acute, valvate. Styles exceedingly short. Fruils ou pedicels of ^ to 1 liue, very flat, fully 1 line broad and uot so long ; at Irst appearing i-ribbed on each side, when quite ripe the dorsal rib tliickeus so as to appear almost double, and each carpel is semiorbicular, very flat, each side bordcred by a.thick margiu with the interniediate rib uot so pro- uiineut. — F. Muell. Fragm. iv. 179. W. Australia. Swan River, Huegel ; Blackwood and Tone rivers, Oldfield. 21. H. lemnoides, Benlh. A very sraall Lemua-like plaut evideutly floating iu water, witli long matted filiforra roots or submerged steuis, the leaf-beariug part uot above \ iu., and often uot \ in. long. Leaves petiolate, orbicular-cordate or rcuiform, obscurely crenate, 1 to 2 liues diameter. Sti- ])ules broad aud ralher hu-ge. Flowers apparently uuisexual, in urabels of 8 to 6. Male umbels nearly sessile. Petals rather thick, valvate. Styles preseut, but the ovary abortive. Females (ouly seeu in fruit) shortly pedun- culate. Fruits about \ liiie broad aud long, uotched at the base, hilerally compressed, the carpels couvex and faintly nerved ou each side. TV. Australia, Brummond, n. 202. 22. H. alata, R. Br. in A. Rich. Hydroc. 73. t. 61./. 28. A littU; erect glabrous anuual of 1 to 2 in., with slender divaricate branches. Leaves shortly petiolate, triangular-hastate aud deeply 3-Iobed, rather thick, uot above 2 lines broad iu our specimeus. Stipules suiall, scarious. Peduucles 1 to 2 lines long, with a head or urabel of 6 to 12 almost sessile flowers. Petals not seen. Fruits about f liues loug aud broad, compressed, with 4 to 6 uearly equal ribs ou each side, olherwise smooth or minutely rugose.— H. cymbalaria, Beuth. iu Hueg. Enum. 53. W. Australia. Kiug Georgc's Sound, R. Broivii, Huegel ; Tweed and Kalgau rivcrs, Oldfield. 23. H. tetragonocarpa, Bange, in Pl. Preiss. i. 284. A slender dift"use glabious amuud, from 1 or 2 in. to \ ft. long or rather more. Leaves cordate-^orbicular or reuiform, shorily and broadly 5^ or 7-Iobed, the lobes eutire or slightly toothed, tlie lowcr oues rarcly slightly peltate. Stipules broad uiostlv jagged. Pedunrles filiforiu, mostly shorter than the leaves, 346 LVi. UMBELLiFER-ffi. \Hydrocolyle. each with about 6 to 10 veiy small almost sessile tiowers. Petals valvate. Fruits iibout f line loug, not compressed, acutely 4-angled with 2 styles, or very rarely 3-angled with 3 styles, obscurely striate, but not seen quite ripe, V^. Australia. Wet sands, Rottenest Island, Preiss, n. 2085 ; wet places, Swau River, OldfieU. 1 havc uot succeeded in finding eithcr iu Prciss's or in 01dfield's specimens perfectly ripe fruit witli good seed, but those that have apparently attained their fuU size are reraarkable for the acutely-promineut lateral angles of the carpels, the commissure as broad as the oppo- site diameter of the fruit ; it is probable, however, that wheu quite ripe the dorsal edge of the carpels may be more dilated. Section II. Centella. — Leaves (except in H. asiatica) cuneate at the base or narrow. Petals imbricate. 24. H. glochidiata, Benth. A little erect or diffuse branching annual, ^ to l^ in. high, the stem and leaves rather thick for the size. Leaves fevv, obovate or cuneate, with 2 or 3 coarse teeth or lobes. Stipules broad, eutire. Fiowers numerous, sessile in dense globular or ovoid heads of 1 to 2 lines. Bracts linear-spathulate. Calyx-teeth inconspicuous. Petals broad obtuse, slighlly imbricate. Styles very short. Fruits about ^ line broad and long, didymous, hispid with short glochidiate bristles, the intermediate and dorsal ribs very prominent, the commissure very uarrow. Carpophore uot per- sistent. W. Australia. Brummond, n. 104 (105 ?) and Mh Coll. n. 247. 25. H. verticillata, Turcz. in Bull. Mosc. 1849. ii. 28. An erect or diffuse gLibrous aunual, from 2 or 3 in. to twice that lieight. Leaves with a cuueate base tapering iuto the petiole, deeply divided into 3 cuueate lobes or segments which are again usually acutely 2- or 3-lobed. Stipules very mi- nute or uone. LTiubels sessile, 6- to 12-flowered, the setaceous or almost spathulate bracts very miuute or inconspicuous. Petals minute, broad, obtuse, slightly imbricate in the bud. Stamens and styles very short. Fruits ou pedicels of about 1 line, very flat, about 1 line "broad aud uot quite so loug, smooth, the lateral ribs coneealed in the narrow commissure, tlie iuter- mediate ribs curved and very uear the dorsal edge of the carpels. Carpo- phore persisteut, more or less deeply divided, or rarely remaiuing entire. — //. hoinnlocarpa, F. Muell. Fragm. ii. 129. W. Australia. King Gcorge's Sound, R. Br. ; Swau River, Drummond, \st Coll. also i(/i CoU. n. 145 ; wet places, Tweed, Murray aud Blackwood rivers aud Mouut Barker, Oldfield. This ;s a vcry anomalous species, differing frora the other Centellas, aad, iudecd, from the whole genus, iu its narrow dissectcd leaves and usually split carpophore. The fruit is other- wise quite that of Euhydrocolyle. 26. H. asiatica, Liun.; DC. Prod. iv. 62. A creepiug perennial, rooting at the nodes, and sometimes half-floating. Leaves broadly cordate, orbicuhir or almost reniform, entire crenate or sinuate toothed, l" to li iu. diamet(!r, ghibrous or puljescent, on petioles varying very much in length. Stipules broad, usually cntire. Flowers 3 or 4 iu little heads or umbels, on peduneles varyiug much in h>ngth or' almost sessile. Two outer bracts under the umbel broad and scarious like the stipules, the inuer ones sniall aud narrow. Petals broad aud thin, much imbricated in the bud. Fruit nearly 2 lines diaraeter, laterally compressed, but the dorsal edges obtuse, Hydrocotyle.'] LVi. umbellifer^, 347 sliowing wlien young the secondary as well as the priraary ribs, when ripe obscurely 4- to 6-ribbed on each side and somewhat reticulate. — Bunge iu Pl. Preiss. i. 28S ; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm, i. 152 ; Wight, Ic. t. 565 ; H. re- panda, Pers. ; DC. Prod. iv. 62 ; H. cordifoUa, Hook. f. in Hook. Ic. t. 303. Queensland. Burdekin river, F. Mueller ; Moreton Bay, C. Stuart. Wr. S. 'Wales. Port Jacksou to the Blue Mountains, R. Brown, Sieber, n. 531, and otheis. Victoria. Yarra and Ovens rivers, etc., F. Mueller. Tasmania. Marshes, Arthur's Lake, Circular Head, Launceston, gment again decply divided into narrow-cuneate or lancoolate toothed or incised TracJnjmene.l lvi. umbelliper^>. 351 lobes, mostly acute, with a few glandular hairs at the base aud at the sumrait of the petiole, otherwise usualiy glabrous. Peduucles loug aud sleuder. Urabels rarely above \ in. diameter with uuraerous sraall flowers ou filiform pedicels of above 2 lines. Involucral bracts setaceous, rauch shorter thau the pedicels. Calyx-teeth rainutely proniineut. Disk shortly cup-shaped. Fruits usually ripeniug both carpels, about l\ lines broad, sniooth, or tuber- cular rauricate. — Didiscus procumbens, F. Muell. in Proc. Roy. Soc. Tasm. iii. 237. Queensland. Brisbane river, Moreton Bay, F. Mueller, Leichhardt, Mrs. Dietrich ; Lizard Islantl, M'GilHvray. 11. T. hemicarpa, Benth. Stenis from a perennial stock, erect, gla- brous or spriukled with a few long hairs. Leaves on the Iov,er part of the stem rather sraall, on rigid petioles, broadly cuneate or deeply 3-Iobed, coarsely and acutely toothed or lobed, upper leaves small aud linear. Pe- duncles sleuder. Umbels deuse, scarcely above \ in. diameter, but rather numerous, in a loose terminal panicle. Flowers very sraall, calyx with 1 or 2 teeth usually prominent aud shortly subulate. Fruit reduced by abortion to 1 carpel about l^ lines long, granular or tuberculate. — Didiscus hemicarpus, F. Muell. in Trans. Eot. Soc. Edinb. vii. 491; D. setulosus,¥.M.\xt\\. m Proc. Roy. Soc. Tasm. iii. 238 ; Hemicarpus didiscoides, F. Muell. in Hook. Kew Jouru. vi. 18. N. Australia. Barren plains from Poiut Pearce to tlie mouth of the Victoria river, F. Mueller. Var. major. Taller, umbels larger, witb more numerous tlowers. — Lacrosse Island, Cam- bridge Gulf and Vansittart Bay, .4. Cunningham ; elevated land, Cape Lambert, Nichol Bay, Gregonjs Expedition ; Glenelg district, Martin. Var. ? rotutidifolia. Leaves nearly orbicular, toothed only, not lobed. — Port Essington, Armstrong. 12. T. humilis, Benth. Stock perennial aud densely tufted. Leaves radical, on loug petioles, ovate or oblong, eutire and obtuse or obtusely 3- or 5-lobed, mostly ^ t^ 1 in. loug, rather thick, glabrous or sprinkled with a few hairs. Peduucles or scapes usually longer than the leaves and soraetimes 6 in. to 1 ft. high, with a siugle terrainal urabel of about \ in. diameter. Flowers nuraerous. Involucral bracts linear, shorter than the pedicels. Calyx-teeth obsolete. Disk anuular. Fruit ripeniug both carpels, \^ to 2 liues broad, smooth, the iuner circle formed by the intermcdiate ribs often very small. — Didiscus hmnilis, Hook. f. in Hook. Ic. t. 304. and FI. Tasra. i. 154. Victoria. Alpine aud subalj)iiie pastures in the Aiistralian AJps, F. Mneller. Tasmania. Abundaut iu subalpiue situations, J. B. Hooker. 3. SIEBEEA, Reichb. (Trachymene, DC, not oi Rudge ; Fischera, Spreng. (partly), Sm. ; Platysace, Bunge ; Pla- tycarpidium, F. Mueller.) Calyx-teeth small but usually conspicuous. Petals entire, induplicate- valvate or slightly imbricate, concave, with the end inflexed, the raidrih pro- minent iuside, the bud prominently 5-angIed. Disk flat and thick, or scarcely any besides the thick conical base of the styles. Fruit laterally corapressed, 352 LVi. UMBELLIFER.€. [Siebefa. slightly notched at tlu; base, without vitta;; CcU-pophore persistciit ; carpels inore or Icss turoid, but ttattened at the coniniissurc, the dorsal rib nsually proniiuent, Ihe lateral ones concealed in or slijrhtly proniinent at the iiaiTOW coniniissure, tlic interniediate ones usnallv faint. Sced more or less com- ])ressed but oiten not filling the cavity. — Rigid Iierbs with a pcrennial alniost woody srock and virgate branches, or heath-Iike shrubs, glabrous or slightly glandular-pnbescent. Lenves all entire or the lower ones divided or all re- duced to suiall scalcs, withcut stipules. Unibels compound or rarely simple, terminal. Involucral bracts small. Flowers small, white. Fruit small. The genus is confincd to Australia. IVrennials or undershrubs. Steins lcafless or the lower lcaves divided, the upper ones linear-siibulate. Steins llattened or 2-winged, nearly leaflcss. Frnits broader thau long 1. S. compressa. Stenis terete anjjular or scarcely flattencd. Steins ncarly leafless e.xccpt a fewdividcd smali leaves at the base. Fruits as lons; as broad. Umbels compound .... 2. S.juncea. Uinbels all simple 3. S. haplosciadia. Stems leafless, twining. Fruits very flat, wilh acute edges broader than long 4. 5. cirrosa. Stems diffnse, leafy. Lower lcaves divided, upper ones subulate. Fruits broadcr than long 4. 5. helerophylla. Lcaves all or nearly all divided. Fniits as long as broad. Pedniiclcs short. Carpels turgid at thedorsal edge, broadly flat towards the commissurc 5. & teiniissima. Stems rigid, erect, branches divaricate. Pedunclcs long, rigid. Carpels turgid in the centre, flat at the dorsal edge and com- missnrc &. S. dissecfa. Shrubs with nnmerous sinall narrovv leaves. Fruits nearly flat or with a broad flat furrow at the commissure, Western species. Leavcs erect or spreading. Unibels nearly scssile. Carpels tui"gid and very obtuse at the dorsal vib 7- '^*. commutata. Umbels on slender pednncles. Carpels slightly turgid in the middle, the dorsal edge acute 8. 5. effusa. Lcaves closely reflcxcd. Fruit of S. ejfusa 9. ^V. dejlexa. Large Icafy slirnb. Fruits very flat, ■with acute cdges. Eastern species 10. S. valida. Leafy shrubs. Carpels wholly turgid exccpt a iiarrow fiuTow at the commissure. Eastern species. Leavcs narrow-linear or subnlate, all entirc. Leavcs short. Steius short aiid diftuse, usnally glandular-pu- bescent 1 1 . S. ericuides. Leaves mostly \ in. or more. Steins ascending or erect, usually quite glahrous 12. S. linearifolia. Lcavcs oibicular, obovate, ovate or lanceolate, all eutire . . . . 13. id CoU.?), n. 15, Preiss, n. 2004; S. Hiitt rivei-, 01'ljield. 4. S. heterophylla, Beidli. Stems from a hard woody base numerous, erect on the yoiuig plant, diffuse or decumbent whcn older, usually 6 to 8 in. long, but sometimes 1 ft., and niore slender. Leaves narrow-linear, the lowcr ones once or alraost twice trifid, the upper ones and sometiraes nearly all entire. Uml)els small, compound but of few rays, with 1 or 2 small involucral bracts. Calyx-teeth prominent. Disk broad. Fruits about 1 line broad and not so long, didyinous, more or less granular-tuberculate, the carpels turgid and rounded on the back, but with the dorsal rib. proiuinent, shortly tapering towards the naiTow commissure. — TracJiyme)ie heteroplri/Ua, F. Muell. Ist Oen. Rep., erroneously referred to T. i-amosissiina, Benth., by Klatt in Linna>a, xxix. 708. Victoria. Saiidy liills, cliiefly near tlie sea, froni tlie Glenelg to Gipps' Land, F. MiieUer, Bnhi'risOfi, and otliers. 5. Australia. Mount Barker district, i^. J/?(e//«'r; Marble raiiges, WiUielmi. ^\ hen the lower leaves are wantiny;, tliis sjjecies often resenibles some specimens of 5. linearifolia or of S. ericoides, but is readily known by the shape of the friiit. 5. S. tenuissima, Benth. Steras diflfuse, elongated sometimes to above 1 ft., branched, almost hliforra. Leaves mostly once or twice tripartite, with narrow-linear very acute lobes or segraents, a few of the upper ones sraall and entire. Umbels compound, ou short slender peduncles. Bracts linear. Buds prominently 5-angled as in the rest of the genus, but the obtuse petals o:"teu slightly iinbricate. Fruits rather above 1 liue long and broad; carpels turgid at the dorsal edge, the flat part of tlie fruit in the centre broad, with a raised rib on cach carpel near tlie narrow turgitl part. W. Australia, Drimmond, 2nd Coll. n. 18. 6. S. dissecta, Benth. Stems erect, rigid, uuder 1 ft. high, with rigid divaricate branchcs. Leaves twice or thrice ternately divided iuto sliort but fine subulate lol)es. Umbels corapact, on thick rigid peduncles ; rays nu- merous, the central one very short ; all with many flowers, aud one or two occasionally again coinpouud. Invokicral bracts few, those of the general umbel sometimes divided into a few subulate divaricate lobes. Calyx-teeth ineon*picuous. Fniits about as long as broad, smoolh or nearly so, the car- pels slightly turgid in tlie centre, very flat at the dorsal edge and iu the com- missure, the intermediate ribs vcry fine or scarcely couspicuous. W. Australia. Befween Moorr and Miirchison rivers. Driimmond, C)f/i CoU. n. 119. Siehera.'] Lvi. UMBELLTrr.K.i':. 3.55 7. S. commutata, Benth. Shrubhy and Iieath-like, witli virgalc branclios. Leavcs often somewhat crow(h'(l, liiiear, ratlier thick, obtuse or almost ucnte, 2 to 4 lines lono', smootii and nerveless, often slip^htly twisted. Umbels componnd, bnt compact and not lari^e, on a peduncle not excccdin^ the last leaves. General involucre of 2 or 3 bracts resembling the stem-leav(^s, partial ones very small. Calyx-teeth prominent and connected by a narrow border. Fruits nearly orbicular, not quite 1 line broad, the carpels turgid towards the very obtuse dorsal edge, gradually flattened to the commissure, the lateral ribs joined in a single slightly prominent rib at the coramissure, the intermediate ones inconspicuous or very slightly prominent. — Trachymeiie commntata, Turcz. in BuU. Mosc. ] 849, ii. 30. W. Australia, Drummond, 'ird CoU. n. 229, 4f/i Coll. n. 136 ; towards Cape Riche, Harveij ; also in Ma.vweWs collection. 8. S. efifusa, Benth. Shrubby and heath-b'ke with slender virgate branches. Leaves linear or linear-ciineate. mostly obtuse, narrowed to the base, 2 to 4 lines long, often crowded on the barren branches. Umbels com- pound, on slender peduncles much longer than the leaves, each with 4 to 8 rays all bearing partial umbels. Livolucral bracts very small and slender or none. Calyx-teeth pi-ominent. Styles on a broadly conical base. Fruits fiat, about 1 line broad and scarcely so long, notched at the base, smooth or slightly rugose, the carpels scarcely turgid, with the dorsal edge acute, the lateral ribs contiguous or somewhat distiuct at the commissure, the inter- mediate ribs sometimes inconspicuous, sometiraes slighlly prominent and cnrved almost as in Trachymene. — Trachymene effusa, Tnrcz. in Bull. Mosc. 1849. ii. 31 ; Plafysace trachymenioides, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 232. W. Australia. Between Swan River and King George's Souncl, Ilarvey, Brnmmorid, v.Vi,and4th Cr)//. w.135; varions places eastward froin W. IMount Barren to Point Malcolm, Ma.vwpU ; also Chanipion Bay, 7/ a//fo//, with slightly rugose fruits. The species often much resemhles .S'. commutaia, bnt is readily distinguishcd by the longer peduncles aud the fruit. 9. S. deflexa, Benth. Shrubby and virgate or much branched. Leaves usually crowded and closely reflexed on the branches, from broadly lanceolate to linear, obtuse, rather thick, rarely 2 lines long and often only 1 line, the upper ones sonietimes almost orbicular. Umbels compound, on rather long slender peduncles, Avith 3 to 6 slender rays, each bearing a partial umbel, Involncral bracts few and small or noue. Calyx-teeth promincnt. Fruits as in S. efn.m, very flat, about 1 line broad and scarcely so long, notched at tlie base, smooth, the carpels slightly turgid about the centre, the dorsal edge acute, the lateral ribs contiguous at' the comraissure, the intermcdiate ones cnrved, often incouspicuous. — Trachymene deflexa, Turcz. in BuU. l^Iosc. 1849, ii. 31. W. Australia. King George's Sound to Cape Riche, Ilarvey, Drummmid, Mh CoU. V. 137 ; easlward to Israelite Bay and Eagle Hawk Camp, Ma^rweU. 10. S. valida, Benth. A tall shrub. Leaves linear or linear-Ianceolafe, narrowed at both ends, 1 to 2 in. long, coriaceous, faintly 3-nerved. Umbels compound, numerous, forming a broad terminal panicle ; rays usually 3 or 4, the ceutral one very sliort, all bearing partial nnibels, sometimes again compound. Involucralbracts few and small. Calvx-teeth sliortly prorainent. ■ 2 A 2 356 Lvi. UMBELLiFERyE. [Stebera. Petals sonietiinos sliiiiitly imbricate. Fniits very flat, about 3 lires hroad and 2 lines long-, earpels not tiirgid, witli tlic dorsal edge aciite, tlie iuterraediate ciirved rihs slightly raised. — Plaiycarpidinm r.alidim, Y. ]\Iiicll. in Hook. Kew Journ. ix. 310 ; Flali/mce valida, F. Mnell. Fragm. i. 232. Queensland. Burdekin river, F. Miieller ; Bowen river, BoKtnat/ ; Rockingham Bay, Da/Itic/ii/. 11. S. ericoides, Bcnlh. k sin;dl, nmeli-branehed, divaricate or diftusc slirub, glabrons or more frequently ghmdnlar-pidjesccnt toAvards the euds of the branehcs. Leaves all eutire, linear or subulate, acute, more sprcading than in S. linearifulia, rarely exceeding ■§■ in. and mostly shorter. Umbels eompouud, but sn)all and compact, very shortly peduuculate, with few rays. Involucral bracts short, linear. Fruit neaiiy as iu S. livearifolia, but less rugose or quite smooth, the carpels usnally more turgid and often furrowed at the intermediate rib, besides the commissural furrow.^ — TracJnjmene eri- coide.t, Sieb. iu DC. Prod. iv. 738 ; T. tenuis and T. snbvehilina, DC. 1. c. Queensland. Moreton Island, M'Gillivraj/. N. S. 'Wales. Port Jackson to the Blue Mountains, R. Brown, Sieber, n. 121, and otlicis ; northward to Haslings and Clarence riveis, 5ecX-/(??-, and southward to IUawarra, A, VininliKjham. Victoria. Avon river, in Gipps' Land, T. MueUer. Var. ilii/tiiifoUa, A. Cunn. Leaves small (not above 2 lines long), obloiig-lincar or h>n- ceolatc, acnte, with recurved margins. — Barren spots, forest land, Moreton Bay, A. Cun- ninf//iam. The species is oftcn scarcely to he distinguished from 5. linearifolia. 12. S. linearifolia, Bentli. Shrubby and glabrous with slender branches, (lecumbent, ascending or erect. Leaves all entire, narrow-linear or subulate, acute, mostly ^ to 1 in. long. Umbels compound, on slender peduncles, usually exceeding the last leaves, with 3 or 4 or rarely more sleuder rays. Involucral bracts small, linear. Calyx-teeth shortly promiuent. Disk broad with a thickened margin. Fruit about 1 line loug and broad, raore or less rugose, the ribs scarcely eonspicnous ; carpels turgid with a broad obtnse back, lcaving oidy a narrow groove at the Qomxa\%%\\x^.—AzoreIIa linearifolia, Cav. Ic. V. 57. t. 485; Trachyinene linearis, Sprcng. ; DC. Prod. iv. 73; Fischera iinearis, Sm. in Pees Cycl. Suppl. N. S. Wales. Tort Jackson to the Blue Mountains, R. Brotcn, Sieher, n. 126, and others ; ne;ir Hicliniond, Wil/iehni; New England, 6'. iSy/'«?i'. The specics passcs almost uito 8. ericifolia ou the one liand, and the naiTow-leavcd varie- ties Oi S. Billardieri on the other. 13. S. Billardieri, Benth. A shrub, either low and difi'use or erect and attaining 2 or 3 ft., glabrous or with minutely pubescent branches. Leaves orbicular, obovate, ovate, elliptical, cuneate, or broadly or narrow- lanccolate, acute or obtuse, narrowed at the base and almost petiolate or closely sessile and roundcd at the base, mostly under \ in. long whcn broad aud obtuse, oftcu above 1 in. whcn narrow and acute. Umbels compound, sessile or pedunculate, but the peduncles rarely long ; rays often nu)nerous but sometimcs fcvv. Involuci-al bracts linear, small, or rarely as long as the rays. Fi-uit about 1 line long and Ijroad, more or less tubercular or nigose, the ribs scarcely conspicuous, or both the dorsal aud intenncdiate ones pro- Siebera.'] LVi. umbellifer^. o57 inineiit, or the latter depressed. Carpels turgkl, leaviiig- a uarrow fuirow bctweeu theiu at tlie cominissure. N. S. Wales. Port Jackson to the Blue Mouiitains, R. Brown, Bieber, n. 122, 124, 12o, au(L Fl. Mi.tt. n. 542, 617, aud southward to Illawarra, Sheplierd, Awdi Twofold Bay, A. Cinniiiif/huiii. Victoria. Gipps' Land, barren rausies beyond Snowy River, Bulfalo Ranges, Grampians, F. Mueller. A niost variable species as to the form of the leaves, and might iudecd include the pre- ceding two spccies as well as the following six varieties, which appear gcuerally to befound iu the same silnations, aud most of them, however differeut their extreuics, to pass iutoeach other by Ihe liuest gradatioiis, or eveu to show leavcs of very diifereut forms ou the same plaut. Eveu .S'. heterophylla aud S. Sfephensonii, with the lower lcaves divided, may uot be quite constant in tlie cliaracters separating tbem from S. Billardieri. a. couferta. Leaves crowded, orbicular, about \ iu. diameter. Umbels dense, sessile. — • Trachijmene conferta, Gaud. ; Beuth. iu llueg. Euum. 54 ; T. ovalis, var. conferta, DC. Prod. iv. 73. b. ovata. Leaves ovate, more or less acute, rounded at the base. — Azorella ovata, Labill. Pl. Nov. Holl. i. 74. t. 100 ; Trachijinene ovata, Spreug. ; DC. Prod. iv. 73 ; T. ocatis, DC. 1. c. ; T. buxifolia, Sieb. Pl. Exs. ; Ftschera ovata, Sui. in Rees Cycl. Suppl. c. rnijrtifulia. Leaves ovate-lanceohite or obloug, iucludiug every shape betweeu the fornis b aud d. — Trachymene myrtifolia, Sieb. iu DC. Prod. iv. 73. d.. lanceolata. Leaves laueeolate, acutc, narrowed at the base, mostly above \ in. long. — Azorella lanceolata, Labill. PI. Nov. Holl. i. 74. t. 99 ; Trachymene lanceolata, Spreng. ; DC. Prod. iv. 73 ; Bot. Jlag. t. 3334 ; Fischera lanceolata, Sm. iu Kces Cycl. Suppl. e. cimeata. Leaves raore or less cuueate obcordate obovate or oblauceolate, narrowed at the base and almost petiolate. Umbels ou peduncles longer thau the leaves. — Gipps' Land, F. Mueller. This vai-iety, rather more distiuct thau the preceding ones, may, by some, be considered as a species. f. cra.isifolia. Leaves crowded, orbicular obovate or oblong, very small and thick. — Tra- chyinene crassifolia, Beuth. in. Hueg. Euum. 54. Apparcutly rare, the ouly s])eclmeus I havc sccu are iu Brown's aud in Erascr's coUections, and at first sight it appcars to be a well- marked speeies, but tlie differeuces may possibly be due to a seacoast stalion. 14. S. Stephensonii, Benfh. Shrubby with virg-ate brauches, ghabrous or uearly so. very nearly allied to the var. omia of S. Billurdkrl, but the leaves liuear-lauceolate or Lanceohite, rigid, very acute, alniost puugeut, \ to \ iu. long, and the lower ones or nearly all deeply divided iuto 3 spreadiug segraents, the outer ones soinetimes agaiu 2-lohed. Uinbels compound, sessile within the Last leaves. Fruit of S. Billardieri, very tubercuiar-rngose. — Trachjmene SlepJiensonii, Turcz. iu BuU. Mosc. 184-7, i. 170. KT. S. Wales, Stephenson, n. 284, " within 125 miles of Syducy " on the printcd labels. 4. XANTHOSIA, Rudge. (Leucolffiua, R. Br. ; Schoeuolteua, Bunye ; Pcntapeltis, Bunye.) Calyx-lobes orbicular ovate or hanceohite, peltate cordate or not attached by the whole of the base. Petals with au iuduplicate poiut aud redupHcate niargius, slightly imbricate or ahnost valvate. Disk of 2 promiuent lobes or glands at the back of the styles or rarely aliuost flat. Frnit laterally com- pressed, uotched at the base with roiuided auricles, wilhout vitta), the car- pophore persistent, the dorsal edge of the carpels obtusc, tlie primary and often some of the secoudary ribs promiueut and cnrved at the base. Seed somewhat compressed. — Herbs or small shriibs, diffuse or dccumbcnt at the 358 LVl. i MBLLLilKii.i;. [XaiUhoxia. l)ase or erect, oftcu clothcd with soft loug hairs uiixcd with a stelhite tomen- tiim. Leaves tootlicd, lobcdor tcriiately dividcd. Uml'cls usually compound, thepartial oncs vvith two or three bracts and several alrnost sessile tlowers, the {^feneral one of 3 or 4 rays and as mauy bracts, but sometimes Ihe whole umbel reduced to very few or to a single flower. The geiuis is coufined to Australia. Vmbels dcuse or fcw-flowered. Bracts of tlic iiivohicres uarrow or stnall or herbaceous or rigid aud cbatf-like. Leaves sleiider, uearly tcrete, cliiefly radical. Stenis loug aud rigid. Uuibels coiupact, conipouud, with rigid cbafl-like bracts. Calyx-lobes orbicubir pcUate 1- X.jiuicea. Calyx-lobes eordatc-auriculate, acute 2. X tennior. Leaves orbieular-cordate or reuiforni, coriaceous, siuuate-tootbcd or shortly lobed, glabrous or touicutose. Calyx-lobes orbicular-peltatc. Unibels compouiid. Bracts uarrow, rigid 3. X pelilgera. Calyx-lobes aeute, ueilbcr cordate uor peltate. Uuibels few- flowered. Bracts small, coloured -i. X. hederifolia. Leaves thiu, ovate obovate or oblong, eutire or toothed, white underiieath. Umbels fevv-flowered. Bracts small, colourcd. 5. A'. candida. Leaves cuueate, cqually 3-toothcd or eutire, ruostly white-tomeii- tose underueath. Umbels peduuculate, 1- to 4-flovvered. Calyx-lobes shortly peltate G. X Iridentata. Umbcis uearly scssile, 1-flowered. Calyx-lobes uot peltate . . 7- X. singulifloru. Leaves ovate to lanceolate, lubed. 1'laiit usually pilose aud tomcn- tose. Umbels uearly sessile or rarely j)edunculate, 1- to 4- flowered %. X. pilosa. Leaves uarrow, eulire, 3-partite or teruately divided. low, diff"use or much-brancbcd plauts. Leaves simple. Umbels 3- to 9-flowered. (Ailyx-lobes auri- culate y. X. ciliata. Leaves 3-partite or ternately divided. Umbels 1- to 4-flowcred. Leaves 3-partite, vvith eutire or 2-lobed narrow segments. Umbels uiostly sessile 10. X. pusilla. Leaves 3-partite, with 2- or 3-lobed cuueate segments. Umbels 011 slendcr peduncles 11. X.fniticulusa. Umbels irregidarly compound, with several floweis iu each umbelhile. Leaves 3-partite, with entire or 2-lobed seguicuts . . .12. X. Uuegdii. Leavcs twicc 3-partite or morc divided 13. X. dissecta. Umbels compouud, of 3 lo 5 distiuct rays of sevcral flovverseach, be- sides a ccutral chisler of flowers. 1'artial iuvohicres of 3 broad pelal-like coloured bracts, exceediug tbe flowcrs. Floweriug-branches leafy. Leaves tootlied or lobed. Glabrous or woolly-tomeutose. Leaves oibicidar, toothed . . 1?. X rotundifolia. Hirsute with long hairs aud stellate-loulentose. Leaves ovate, lobed 15. X. veslita. Leaves cbicfly radieal or at the base of tbe stems, dividcd. Stems elougalcd aud branched. Leaves 3-partite, with cuueate- toothed or lobcd segmcnts 16. A'. Atkinsouiana. Steius sliort, not nuidi bianchcd. Leaves 3-partite, with liucar divided segmcuts. Peduueles mucli loiiger thau thelcaves 14. X. itednncrlaris. IVduucIes sliorter thau the lcavcs 13. X. dissecta. Xanl/lOsla.] LVI. UMBELLlKEllJi. 3o'.} 1. "X., jvLncea.^ Be?i(h. Quite o-labrous. Stems froni a tliick rliizouu', asceiuliu^- or erect, slender but rigicl, 1 to 2 ft. long. Leaves very few and chielly nulical, linear-terete, those on tlie steiu very small and distaut. Pe- duueles long and sleuder, beariug a compact irregiilarly eompouud umbel of 3 or 4 very short rays, almost contraeted iuto a head. . luvolucral bracts, both geueral and partial, exceeding tlie flowers, rigid, glume-Iike, with white scarious margius, 3 to 4 liues long. Flowers nearly s; ssile, 3 or 4 in each partial unibel. Calyx-Iobes short, orbicular, peltately attached by the eentre. Petals narrow with an iuflexed point. Disk-Iobes glabrous. Fiuit with the ))riuuu-y ribs only slightly promineut. — Sc/tcenolcena jiincea, Bunge in PI. Preiss.' i. 2S9. ■W. Australia. Swau Kiver, Preiss, n. 2082 ; Vasse river, Mrs. MoUoy. 2. X. tenuior, Bent/i. Very uear X.juncea, with the same habit, liuear- terete, almost subulate radical leaves, nearly leafless stems aud compact iuflo- rescence, but smaller and more slender in all its parts, and the calyx-lobcs ovate acute, slightly cordate-auriculate at the base, but not at all peltate. — Sc/ioenolceua t.emiiot\ Bunge iu Pl. Preiss. i. 290. W. Australia. Near Albany, Preiss, n. 2080 ; King George's Souud, Maclean, Harvey. 3. X. peltigera^ Beni/i. Quite ghibrous. Stems frora a perenuial stock, numerous, ascending to 1 or 2 ft., more or less angidar. Leaves on loug petioles, broadly orbicular-cordate reuiform or ovate-rhomboidal, ofteu 1 to 2 iu. broad, coriaceous, several-nerved, sinuate-toothed. Peduucles long, teiminal or leaf-opposed. Lhnbels compouud, usually of 4 to (i many-flowered rays, with a few ttowers iu tlie centre. Livolucral bracts linear-acute, rigid, striate, those of the geueral involuere about as long as the rays, the partial oues exceediug the flowers. Calyx-Iobes broadly oblong, very obtuse, peL tately attached by tlie ceutre. Petals shortly uuguiculate, uot iuflexed at the tips. Disk scarcely promiuent. Styles erect, straight, thickeued in the uuddle so as to be almost fusiform. Fruit wilh the secoudary ribs as well as the primary ones usually promiueut. — Le.ncolcena peltUjera, Hook. Ic. PI. t. 45 ; Fenlapeltis pelticjera, Buuge iu Pl. Preiss. i. 292. ^V. Australia. Swaa River, Drummond, w. 92 ; DarHug Range, P/-t?m, ?i. "2081 ; Kiiig Gc'orge's Sound, Fraser. 4. X. hederifolia, Bent/i. Stems elougated, weak, branching, diff^use, glabrous or tomentose wheu youug. Leaves petiolate, orbicular-cordate, shortly aud acutely 5- or 7-Iobed, or coarsely toothed, coriaceous, with revolute margius, glabrous above, deusely wooUy-tomeutose uuderueath, rarely above f in. diameter. Peduncles usually exceeding the leaves, wiih acompaet irregu- larly couipound umbel, most frequently of 2 or 3 short 1-flowered rays witli 2 or 3 single flowers betweeu them. Bracts of the geueral involucre uarrow, partial ones about aslongasthe flowers, (purple?) coloured. Calyx- lobes purple, scarcely acute, neitlier peltate uor cordate. Disk-Iobes large, glabrous. Petals uarrow. Fruits rather large, the secoudary ribs usuaUy promihent as weil as tlie primary oues. W. Australia, Brummond, ht/i Voll. n. 294. 5. X. candida, Steud. ; Bunye in Pl. Vreiss. i. 2 91. Sleuis lang, sleuder, 3ft0 LV]. UMBELLIFERiE. [Xtlltl/lOtiid. (liffuse, toiiientose-pubcscent or glabrous. Leaves iVom broadly ovate or or- bicul.ir to oblong-cuneate, coarsely and irrcgularlv tootlied or lobed or rai*ely entire, wliite-tomentose especially underueatli when young, at length ghibrous above, narrowed into a long petiole, tlie largest ^ to 1 in. long, but niostly smallcr. redunclos slender, bearing a small compound iimbel, usually of 4 short rays, each with 1 tlower and 3 bracts, tlie central one uarrow, bke those of the general invokicre, the 2 hiteral ovate and more or less coloured, and 1 ceutral tlower without bracts. Calyx-lobes ovate, ahnost obtuse, uot cordate. Petals iuutow. Disk-lobcs tliick, depressed on the tq.[j, ghibrous. — Liiucolfcna candida, Beuth. in Hueg. Euum. 55. ■W. Australia. King George's Sound, R. Brown ; Swan Kiver, Hucf/el, Fra^er, Freiss, n. 2088 ; Siissex district, Preiss, n. 2077 ; Vasse, tlarviy, Gordon aiid Blackwood rivers, Oldfield. 6. X. tridentata, J)G. Prod. iv. 75. Slender and diffuse, slightly to- mentose and hirsute or uearly ghnbrous. Leaves cnneate, acutely aud neariy equally 3-loothed at the end, raostly uuder ^ iu. long, ghibrous or white- tomentose underneath. Peduucles slender, ieaf-opposed or termiuatiug short leafy branclies, reflexed, uregularly 1- to 3-flovvered or rarely 4- or 5-flowered, with 1 or 3 bracts to eaeh branch or pedicel, aud 3 or rarely 2 lanceolate acute bracts to each flow'er, about 3 liues long. Calyx-lobes acute, peltately attaehed a little above tlieir base. Petals very narrow. Disk-lobes glabrous. Fruit witli tlie lateral ribs distinct as well as the intermediate and secondary ones. N. S. 'Wales. Port Jackson to tlie Blue Mountains, R. Brown, Leichhardt, Miss Alkitison, F. Miieller ; soutlivvard to Tvvofold Bay, F. Mueller. Victoria. \Yilsou's Promoutory, F. Mueller. 7. X. singuliflora, i^. Muell. Tragm. iv. 184. Steius slcndcr, cbflusc, much intricate, under 1 fl. long, glabrous or sbghtly tomeutose. Leaves ob- long-cuneate, acute, entire or 3-toothed at the end, narrowed iuto rather a long petiolc, mostly under \ in. long, glabrous or white-tomentose uuderueath. TJmbels reduced to a single flower, sessile or shortly peduuculate at the upper nodes, surrouuded by 3 or 4 narrow bracts at the base of a very short pedicel, and 2 broader ones close under the flovver. Calyx-lobes acute, uot cordate nor peltate, with almost scarious nuirgius. Petals iuflexed at the points. Fruits vvith tlie secondary ribs promineut. ■W. Australia. Near Cape Paisley, Maxwell. 8. X. pilosa, Rnd(je in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 301. i. 23./. 1. An erect or more frequently difluse or procumbent, mueh branched, hafy shrub, of 1 to 3 ft., copiously clothed with ratlier long hairs intermixed with a browu stellate tomentum, or very rarely in nu^untain situatious becoming almost glabrous. Lcavcs cuncate, obovatc, oblong, lauceolate or broatlly ovate, coarsely sinuate-toothed, 3- or 5-lobcd or rarely 3-partite, tlie central lobe alvvays longer tliau the kteral ones, rarely cxcceding 1 in., the petiole short, dilated aml eiliate at the base, but without real stipides. Peduncles usually 2 together at tlie uodcss, very short or slender and nearly as long as the leaves, eacli usually witli 2 flowcrs, more rarely 3 or only 1, vvitli 3 or 3 small iiarrdw hracts f(n-ming a gcncral involuerc at the base of tlic sliort pcdicels or rays, aiid 2 or 3 obioug-lanrcolate liracts of 2 or 3 lincs, tbniiing a partial Xuulhomt.'] INl. UMBELLIFERyT!;. 361 iiivolucre iiuder each flower. (^alyx-lobes rather tliiekeued at the base, but ucith(;r eorchite uor peltate. Petals uarrovv, with a loug iunexed poiut. Disk- lobcs tliick, pubesceut. Fruil ralher above 1 bne lou^- aud broad, the iuter- mediate aud secoudary ribs prouuueut, the lateral oues scarcely distiuct froui tlie coiuuiissure. — X moutaua, Sieb. iu DC. Prod. iv. 74 ; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 155 ; X hirsnta, DC. Prod. iv. 74 ; Leucoheua pauuona, Beuth. in Hueg. Enuai. 55 (uiore densely villous, with longer leaves). Queensland. Moretou Islaiiil, F. Mueller. Bf . S. Wales. Port Jackson to tlie Elue Mountaius, R. Brown, Sieber, n. 247, 248 (tlie latterlcss liirsute), and others, to thesouthward, A. Cunninr/ham ; Twolbld Bay, V.Mueller. Victoria. Scrubby moist valleys iu Gipps' Land, F. Mueller. Tasmania. Conimon in maiiy places on the N. coast, /. I). Huoker. One-llowered and two-flowered involucres, on which two species have been frequently dis- tinjiuished, occur sometimes ou the sauie specimeus. The glabrous specimens, froni the Blue ]\Iountaius, appear, at tirst sight, very distinct, but I can tiud no other difiereuce thau the want of hairs. 9. X. ciliata, Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 726. Diffuse and small, but more shrubby than the followiug' species, pubescent or nearly ghibrous. Leaves undivided, linear linear-obloug or linear-cuueate, entire or shortly 3-toothed, the petioles dihitetl aud ciliate at the base. Peduucles short at the nodes or termiuatilig short leafy branches, bearing a sniall compact more or less compound umbel of from 3 or 4 to three tiiues as many flowers. Involucral braets 3 to each partial umbel, liuear-lanceolate, herbaceous, pubescent, not 2 lines long. Calyx-lobes cordate-auriculate, acuminate. Petals narrow. Disk-lobes gla- brous. Fruits with the secondary ribs raore or less prominent. W. Australia, Drummond, \st CoU., also n. 237, 721, ancl Wi Coll. n. 140. 10. X. pusilla, Bungein Pl. Preiss. i. 291. Small diffuse and densely branched, rarely exceediug 3 or 4 in. iu the original form, more or less hirsute with spreadiug hairs. Leaves 3-partite, the segments froni broadly elliptical and about \ iu. to lanceolate and ^ in. long or rather more, entire or the hiteral ones 2-lobed, rather thick. LTmbels sessile and leaf-opposed, or pedunculate in the axils and often reflexed, with 1 to 3 flowers, surrounded by narrow hirsute involucral bracts. Calyx-lobes very acute, neitlier cordate nor peltate. Disk-lobcs large, concave. Petals very narrow, with iuflexed points. Fruit rather large, the prominent ribs variable in number, usuallv 4 on each side. — Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. 1. 156 ; X villosa, Turcz. in Bull. Mosc. 1849, ii. 32. Victoria. AVilson's Promoutory, F. Mueller ; near Portland, Allitt. Tasmania. Saudy soil, uorth shore, /. Z). Hooker. S. Australia. Lofty Range and uear Adelaide, F. Mueller. ■W. Australia. Kiusi; Gcorge"s Sound aud adjoiuing districts, R. Brow/i, Wakejield, Bu.vter, Preiss, a. 2078, Drumnioud, \lh Cojl. n. 139. Var. glahruta. Stems elongated, sleuderand glabrous or nearly so. — X. (/labrata, Hunge iu Pl. Preiss. i. 290. King George's Sound, Ba.vter ; shady woods, Canuiug rivcr, Preiss, n. 207G. Tlie dillereuces shown by this form are probably owiug to thc situatious it grows iu. 11. X. fruticulosa, Beuth. Diftuse, much-branchcd aud sleuder, but niorc slirubby than thc allied species, hirsute with soft hairs or at lengtli glabrous. Lcaves shortly petiolate, divided into 3 cuneate entire or inore frerpicutly 3-Iobed segments, under | iu. long, glabrous or hairy but uot tomentose. Peduucles fiiiforni, excccdiug the leavcs, beariug cach a scarccly 363 LVi. LMBELLiFEK.t:. [Xant/iosiu. compoiind uinbel of 2 to -i flowcrs. luvoliicral bnicts 4 to 6, ovate or ovaie- laiiceolate, scarcely coloured, spreading to a diameter of 2 or 3 lines. Flowers nearly scssile. Calyx-lobes aciite. slightly auriculate. Petals niucli itiflexed. Styles very short, not exceeding the disk-lobes. Fruits short, but uot seen quite ripe. W. Australia. Betweeii Moore uud iMiirchison i'ivers, BrtmmoHd, &lh Coll. n. 118. 13. X. Huegelii, Steiid. ; Bancje in PI. Preiss. i. 291. Stems from a pereniiial or woody stock, erect or rarely ditluse, hirsute with spreading hairs, rarely exceeding 6 to 8 in. Leaves divided iuto 3 lanceolate or linear seg- nients, entire or the lateral oues 2-lobed or 2-partite, usually ^ to 1 in. long, villous or nearly glabrous. Peduncles short or loug, with an iiregularly com- pound umbel of 3 or 4 short rays, each with 3 to 6 sessile flowers, and 1 to 3 flowers pedicellate in the centre. Involucral bracts iiarrow, acute, herba- ceous. Calyx-segineiits acutely acuminate, cordate at the base. Petals nar- row. Disk-lobes hxrge, uii(hdate-lobed. Fruit usually with 6 ribs on each side. — Leitcolceiia liiiegelii, Benth. iu Hueg. Enum. .55. ■W. Australia. Swaii River, lluegel ; Brnmmond, \st CoU. aiid n. 712; Preiss, n. 2090, aud others. Rescmbles the ioiig iiarrovv-leaved fonns of X. 'pusilla, but the llowers are much more immerous, aud the calyx-lobes, disk, aud fridt-ribs rathcr difl^erent. 13. X. dissecta, Hook.f. iii, Hook. Ic. Pl. l. B02,atid Fl. Tasni. i. 155. l)ifl'use with a pereunial stock, sometimes fonuing deiise tufts aud rarely ex- ceeding 6 in., glabrous. Leaves on long petioles, once or twice 3-partite, with narrow cuucate or linear acutely 3-toothed or 3-lobed segments. Peduucles leaf-opposed or terminatiiig short axilUiry branclies, all shorter than tlie leaves although sometimes uear 1 in. long, bearing in the original sleuder forin small compound iimbels of 3 or 3 short rays cach with 3 or 3 flowers and the bracts small, but in the inorc luxuriant aiid stouler forms the umbels hirger, the flowers luore numerous, and the bracts larger aiid raore coloured. Calyx- lobes acute, not peltate aiid scarcoly corchite. Petals very uarrow. Disk- lobes large, gdabrous. Fruit vcry didymous, with ouly 4 ribs ou each side, the secondary oiies rarely conspicuous. — X leiophyllu, F. Muell. ; Khitt iii Liun. liooker. S. Australia. S. coast, iJ. Bruwn ; Ivivoli 13ay aud Ivaugaroo \&\-A\iA, F. Mueller ; Port Lincolii, Wilhelmi. \-dv.floriliunda. More luxuriaut. Unibels of 3 or 4 rays witli a singie tiower iu the . centre and a geiieral invoiucre of 3 or -1 smali narrow bracts ; partial umbeis of 3 to 6 nearly sessile flowers aud an involucre of 2 or 3 ovate-lauceolate or lanceolate coiourcd bracts. — To this variety beloug severai of the Vicloriau aiid S. Australian spccimeus. It is eou- uected vvith the sleuder few-flowered forms by nuraerous iiitermediates, aud scarcely ditlers from X peduncularis, except in the sliort peduucies aud less numerous flovvers. 14. X. peduncularis, Benlh. A rather suiall plaiit, forming soine- tiraes closc tuils, bul vvith the appearance of beiiig ahiiost aniiiuil, ghibroiis or soltly hirsute, altaiuiiig (wilh the iiiflorc.^cciicej (i in. to 1 fl. Leaves Xaut/iosia.l ^^'- umbki.lifek.t:. 363 iuostly radical or at tlie base of the stem, on lonpf petiolesj oiice or twice 3- partite witli linear or cuneate aciitely-tootliecl or lobed sct^nients like tliose of X. diissecta, tlie npper oaes smali, simple and liuear. Peduncles raucli longcr tlian tlie leaves, with a conipouiul unibel like that of X rotuudifoiut, but much smaller; rays 3 or 4, with a fcw central flowers. Bracts of the general iuvohicre narrow, acute, the partial ones 3, broad and coloiired, longer than the flowers, tlie hitcral ones very obliquc. Calyx-lobes sliglitly cordate, acute. Fruits with 4 or 6 prominent ribs ou each side. ^V. Australia, Drummond, ^th Coll. u. 292 ; Bremer Bay river, Ma.rwell. 15. X. vestita, Benth. Shrubby, with the dcnse stellate tomentum, iong- spreading hairs and foliage oi X. pilosa, but with the umbels nearly of X. rotuudifolia. Leaves very shortly petiohite, broadly ovate, irregularly and obtusely toothed and lobed, the ku-ger ones above 1 in. long, tomentose and V.irsute underneatb, hirsnte or at length nearly glabrous above. Peduncles longer than the leaves, solitary or 2 together, each with a rather hirge cora- pound umbel of 3 or 4 rays Avith 1 or 2 central flowers. Bracts of tlie general iuvohicre narrow, very hirsute, shorter than the rays, of the partial ones 3, obovate-oblong, obtuse, nearly equal, longer than the flowers, coloured and petal-like but villous outside. Calyx-lobes petal-like, obtuse, not cordate. Disk-lobes villous. Fruit with the secoudary ribs usually promiuent. N. S. Wales. Haukesbury river aud Blue Mouutaius (C. Moore ?) iu Herb. F. Mueller. 16. X. Atkinsoniana, F. Muell. Fragm. ii. 127. Glabrous, or the young leaves floccose-tomentose. Stems from a perennial woody stock elongated, slender, ascending to 2 feet or more. Leaves chiefly radical or near the base of the steu), on long petioles, in the eastern specimens 3-partite with cuneate acutely toothed or deeply lobed segments, the central ones often longer and more divided, in the westeru specimens less divided with the lobes more entire and less acute, the upper ieaves in both few, small, and scarcely divided. Peduucles long, Avith a corapound umbel like ihiii o^ X. rotuudi- folia, but smaller, especially in the easteru specimens, the colourcd petal-like bracts of the partial iuvolucres sonietimes scarcely longer than the flowers. Calyx-lobes shortly and broadly cordate, acute. Fruits 4- or 6-ribbed. N. S, Wales. Grassy opeu couutry north of Richmond, A. Cimningham ; Clyde river, C. Moort ; Blue Mouiitaius, A. and R. Cunningham, Miss Atkinson. W. Australia. iiwai^ M\'\\ex, Driimmond,\st Coll. ; Blaclvwood river, O/t^e/rf; Bald Island, Toue ri\ er, aud Lake Leveu, Maxwell. 17. X, rotundifolia, BC. Prod.iv. 75. Stems erect, simple or slightly branched, ofteu woody at the base, 1 to 2 ft. high, glabrous tomeiitose or rarely hirsute. Leaves not confined to the base of the stem, on short petioles, nearly orbicular, irregularly and acutely toothed, f to H in. diaine- ter, coriaccous, glabrous or woolly uudcrneath especially when young. Pe- duncles long, bearing each a corapound unibel larger than in niost species ; rays usually 4 with a sessile umbellule in the centre. Involucral bracts petal- like and coloured, those of the general involucre usually 4, ovate-lanceolate or rhomboidal, shortcr than thc rays, the partial oncs 3, cxcceding the flowers, often l in. long, the latcral oncs broadly scmi-ovatc and falcale, the cculral 364 Lvi. UMBELLiFEK.E. [Xaiil/iosia. oiie naiTower aiid equal-sided. Flowers rather munerous, on very short pe- diccls. ■ Calyx-lobes acute, often slightly cordate. Petals rather broad, the induplioate poiut ciliate. Fruits 4- to 6-ribbed on each side. — Bunge in Pl. Prciss. i. 292; Bot. Mag. t. 3582. W. Australia. King George^s Sound and adjoiniag districts, R. Broicn, aud others; Drnmmond, '6rd Coll. n. 227 ; Preiss, n. 20(50. F. ^lueller is disposed to uuite the thvee ])recediug species with this one as varieties, but the foliage aud habil are so ditfeieut that uutil I have seeu iutermediate specimens I canuot but consider them as distinct. 5, AZORELLA, Lani. (Viaigosa, Ruiz and Pav. ; Pozoa, Z«^. ; ^licrosciadiiuii, //wciXr.y. ; Oschatzia, Walj). ; Dichopetaluni, F. Muell.) Calyx-teeth or lobes proiuineut, either small and acute or large petal-like and deciduous. Petals obtuse or acute, imbricate iu the bud. Disk thick, flat, convex or couflueut with the styles. Fruit slightly couipressed laterally or scarcely broader than thick, the sides furrowed at the coniniissure (when quite ripe) ; carpels nearly terete or augular, with 5 niore or less prominent nearly equidistant ribs, the lateral oues not close to the rather narrow com- sure. Yittae none. Carpophore short, persistent. Seed straight. — Peren- nials, the Australiau species either tufted with radical leaves and peduucles or more sleuder with creepiug runners. Leaves (in the Australian species) toothcd or lobed but undivided, the base of the petiole rarely expanded into distinct scarious stipules. L^mbels simple or rarely irregularly coujpouud, the involucral bracts free or nuited. The geuus, which I havo adopted in the cxteudcd seusc giveu to it by A. Gray (Bot. Amer. Expl. Exped. i. 697) aud Weddell (Chloris Audiana, ii. 190), iucludes a considerabie number of species from Audine and extratropical S. America, New Zcahuid aud the Antarctic regious geucrally. Most of thc Antarctic and Andiuc oues belong, howevcr, to a group un- represcuted iu Austraiia, to which the gcnus is sometimes coutined, iu whicli the deusely matted stoci. {Actinoiiift. 2. A. leucocephalus, Benih. in Hueg. Enum. 50. Erect, (lirhotomously brauchcd, move or less clothed with sort hairs, 1 to 2 ft. high. lladical leaves oii long pctioh^s, the olhers . sessile, 3-partite, Avith liiiear or linear- ciineate segments, entire or again 3-partite or lobed. Umbels dense on long peduneles. Involucre expanding to 1 or 2 in. diameter, consisting of nnme- rous lanceolate brncts, very densely covered with long silky hairs and twiceas loug as the flowers. Flowers very nuraerous, densely paeked, but on short iiliform pedicels, tlie raalcs in several rows at the cirtiiinlerence, the central ones perfect. Calyx-limb suiall, canipanulate, truncate, transparent, silky- hairy. Pelals small, spathuhite, on slender claws. Disk-lobes forming ghinds on the undivided base of the style. Fruits broad, above 1 line loug, very silky-hairy. — Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 847 ; Bunge in Pl. Preiss. i. 292. TV. Australia. Swan Hiver, Brnmwond, n. 28; Canniiig river, Preiss, n. 2056; Stidinir ran;;cs. Maxv:ell. 3. A. minor, J)C. Prod. iv. 83. Stems frora a perennial base, loug and sknider, ditiuse or asccnding, glabrous or slightly tomentose or rarely silky- liaiiy. Leaves small, on short petioles, 3-partite, with cuneate or linear segraents usually 3 to 4 lincs long, entire or 2- or 3-Iobed, glabrous above, white tomentose underneath, rarely silky-haiiy. Unibels small, on long slender peduncles. Involucre radiating to about ^ in. dianieter, the bracts lanceolate, acute, densely white-tomentose on th.e upper side, glabrous on the back, at least along the ceutre. Flowers very uunierons, thc males in several rows at the circuinference, the perfeet ones in the centre, all on short very liairy pedicels. Calyx-limb deeply divided into acutc lobes. Petals none. Disk-Iobes sessile, with the styles between them distinct from the base. Fruit about 1 line lonff, hairv. — Ericcalia niinor, Sra. Exot. Bot. ii. 39. t. 79. N. S. Wales. Port Jackson to the Blue Mountains, Ti. Brnwn, Sieher, n. 127, and olhers; KvMwn, Harrei/ ; WXawnYra, SJiepJiertl. 4. A. omnifertilis, F. Muell. (as a Holotome). Annual or with a tufted perennial base ; stems ascending or erect, filiforra, \ to 1 ft. high, usnally glabrous. Leaves uiostly radical, on long slender petioles, cuneate, acuteiy 3- to .5-toothed or hibcd, rarely above -i in. long, glabrous in all our speciraens. Steni-leaves few and less lobed, the uppcr ones narrow and cntire. Urabels small, on tiliforra ])cdnneles. luvolucre not above \ in. diaraeter, the bracts narrow, acute, glabrous on both sides or slighlly silky inside at thc base. Flowers 10 to 20 or rarely uiore, slightly silky-hairy, on very short pcdicels, all a])parently perfect, but a fcAv of the outer ones more sleuder from tlie first and probably not ripening. Calyx-Iimb transparent, truncate. Petals orbicular, coucave, unguiculate. Fruit but little more than \ liiie loiig. — Uoloiome omniferiilis, F. Muell. Fragm. ii. 129, W. Australia. Kin2: Gcorge's Sound, Harvey ; Hay river, Maxwell. 5. A. rhomboideus, BeniU. Stems diff^use, branched and shrubby at the base, aflerwards ciect or ascendiug to thc height of 1 ft. or more, hirsute with long soft hairs mixed with a stellate tomentum. Leaves chiefly in the lower ])art of the stem, petiolatc, nearly orbicular or rhomboidal, irregularly aiid aciitcly toothed, uiKler 1 in. long, hairy when young, at length glabrous. Actinotus.'] ^VI. UMBELLIFERA!. 369 reduncles long, in the upper almost leafless part of the slem, uearing each a sinall (lense unibel, with an invohicre of 6 to 10 or more iinear-lanceoL^te hirsute bracts exceeding the flowers. Flowers numerous, all perfect, or the outer ones males, on short pedicels. Calyx-linib acutely 5-lobed, hirsute. Petals unguicuh^te, scarcely inflexed, the margins recurved in the upper part. Disk-lobes scarcely distinct frona the conical base of the styles. Fruit hairy. — Xanthosia rhomboidea, Turcz. in Bull. -Mosc. IS-t^, ii. 32. W. Australia, Drummond, 4bth CoU. n. 134. — The structure of the flower and fruit, as well as the iuflorescence, are eutirely those of Actinotus, not of Xanthosia. 6. A. bellidioides, Benth. A dwarf perennial, forming dense tufts niore or less covered Avith long soft hairs. Leaves radical, obovate-spathu- late or orbicular, entire or coarsely crenate, thick, under ^ in. long, on a petiole usually shorter. Peduncles ^ to l^ in. long, bearing a smali head or umbei. Involucre radiating to about 3 iines diameter, consisting of 6 to 10 l)racts, united at the base or sometimes to haif their iength. Fiowers 6 to 1 0 or rarely raore, 1 or 2 of the outer ones sometimes barren. Caiyx-iimb deepiy 5-lobed. Petals none (or sometimes iinear?). Fruits about 1 iine long. — ■Heniiphnes helUdioides, Hook. f. in Hook. Lond. .Journ. vi. 470, and Fi. Tasm. i. 158. t. 36 ; H. affinis, H. tridentata, and H. siiffocata, Hook. f. in Hook. Lond. Journ. vi. 471. Tasmania. Mount Fatigue, Recherche Bay, at au elevatiou of 4000 ft., Gunn. 7. A. glomeratus, Benth. Erect and more or less clothed with soft hairs, with wiry branches, about 6 to 8 in. high. Leaves soiitary, or 2 or 3 from tlie sarae node, deepiy 3-partite, with iinear entire or 2- or 3-iobed segments shorter and scarcely broader than the petiole. FJowers almost sessile, in iateral or terminal ciusters, surrounded by a few short linear very hairy bracts, several maies witli the perfect ones in the same ciusters. Caij^x- linib with 5 acurainate iobes. Petais none. Disk scarceiy any in the niales, tlie abortive styie clavate and hairy, in the feraaies 2 sliort styles on a iai-ge conical disk or base. Fruit about l^ iines long. W. Australia. Swan River, Bmmmond, \st Coll. ; King George's Sound, Oldfield. «. ERYNGIUM, Linn. Calyx-lobes rigid, acute or pungent-pointed. Petals erect, Avith redupli- cate or recurved raargins and a long indupiicate point, scarceiy irabricate in the bud. Hisk with a tbick raised niargin encirciing the styies. Fruit obovoid or ovoid, scarcely corapressed, the ribs inconspicuous, without vittpe. Carpophore deciduous. — Herbs with prickiy ieaves and involucres. Fiowers in conipact spikes or heads, with a bract under each flower, the outer ones and sometiraes some of the inner ones much longer than the flowers, rigid and pungent-pointed. Calyx-tul)e covered with transparent, acurainate or obtuse, transparent, flat or vesicuiar scaies. The geuus is spread over the greater partof the warin and temperate regious of the globe, thc specics most abundant aud most varied in S. Amcrica. Of th; four Austraiian species one is also in Chili, another extends to New Zealand, the reuiaining two appear to be endemic. VOL. III. 2 B 370 Lvi. UMBELLTFER.E. \_Erynginm. I/cavcs piniiatcly toothed, lobcd, or dividcd, the i'adical oiics narrow. Point of the pctals jasrged or ciliate. Flower-lieads ovoid or globular. S(cms crect, or rarely shortly deciuubeut at the base . . . . ^. E. rostraltm. Stcins prostratc, rcscmbliiig stolons but not rooting . , . . 2. E. vesicnlosum. Flowcr-heads oblong or cylindrical 3. E.plantagineum. Radical leaves obovate or oblong, toothed or lobed. Stem leaves op])osite, short, divaricately lobcd. Stcms dichotomous. Poiut of thc pctals obtusc, entire 4. jE'. expansum. 1. E. rostratum, Cav. Ic. Pl. vi. 35. t. 552. Stems erect, 1 to 2 ft. liigli, the lowtT l)raiiclies sometimes alternate, but more fi-equently the liranches 2, 3, or 4 togetlier, with a peduncle in the fork. Kadical leaves oloiigated, usiially linear, piniiatifid, with entire or pinnatitid linear-pungent lobes, but sometimes the rhachis broader-liiiear, and the lobes reduced to teeth, or the rhachis very uarrow with very few distant narrow lobes, or iii wet places the leaves quite eiitire, grass-like, 6 in. long, and marked with raised trunsverse Hues so as to appear jointed. Stem-leaves oiily uiider the peduncles or brauches, short, once or twice pinuatifid, and very rigid and pungent. Flower-heads ovoid-globose. Bracts very rigid aud pungent, linear or linear-lanceolatc, the outer ones and sometimes a few of the iiiner ones .| to 1 iu. loiig, the otliers smaller, aiid sorae not exceeding the Howers. Calyx-tube densely covered with bnear obtuse scales or vesicles. Inflected poiiit of the iietals ciliate-dentieulate or jagged. — DC. Prod. iv. 89 ; E. ovliuini, A. Cunii. in Piekl, N. S. Wales, 358; Schlecht. Linna;a, xx. G22 ; I)C. Prod. iv. 89 ; E. anguslifoUum, DC. Prod. iv. 95 (froin the diagnosis given) ; E. piniiatifidum and E. tetracephalum, Bunge iii Pl. Prciss. i. 293. N. S. VTales. Plains of Bathurst and all the grassy hiuds in the interior, A. Cunning- haiii, Frnxrr. Victoria. Coinmon about Melbournc, Adainson ; Weudu valley, Gleuelg river, Uobert- soii : Skipton pluins, Whan. S. Australia. Near Bcthanie, Behr ; Guichcu Bay, Lofty Range, Torrens river, ctc, F. Miiclh-r and othcrs. W. Australia. Swan IJivcr and Darling Range, Brummond, \st Coll. also n. 8, 25, 26 ; Preiss, n. 2053, 2054, and others ; Canning, Vasse, Blackwood, and Toue rivers, Old- field. The species is found also in extratropical South Anicrica. It is cxcecdingly variable in size, number of hcads, and dcgrce of division of thc lcavcs. In somc vigorous spccimeus, the heads are \ iu. or ralhcr morc in diameter, without the involucral bracts, which are 1 to \\ ii;. long, and some of tliem with a fcw bristly lobcs. lu others the hcads are few and snudl, aud but fcw of the bracts attaiu \ in. In gcneral, in arid situations the leavcs are niorc dividcd wilii uarrowcr more rigid lobcs, aud in wct situatious cithcr eiitire or simply piniiafilid. Var. suhdecumbens. Radical Icaves 6 in. to 1 ft. long, lincar, eutirc, or with a few linear lobes. Stems short, somctimcs dccurabent, almost as in JE'. tesicnlosuin. — W. Australia, Drummoiid, Srd Co/t. n. 230 ; Twccd river, Oldfield. 2. E. vesiculosum, Luhill. Tl. Nov. Roll. i. 73. ^. 98. Radical leaves laiiecolate, oblanccolatt;, obloiig or broadly linear, coarsely prickly-toothed, narrowed into a pctiole, rarely aliove 3 or 4 in. long and usiially much shorter. Stems elongated, prostrate, having tlie appearance of stolons, but iiot rooting. Floral leaves opposite, cuneate or linear, mostly | to 1 iii. long, with 3 to 5 pungent teeth or lobes. Peduncles radical" or from the Erynpum.'] Lvi. cmbelltfer^. 371 iiodes, each with a sraall hemispherical gloluilar or shortly ovoid head. Outer bracts aiid sometimes a few of the inner ones linear or lanceolate, rigid, pungent and far exceeding the flowers, the others much smaller. Scales or vesicles of the calyx-tube sometimes lanceolate and acute, sometimes oblong and obtuse. Petals Avith the iuflected points slightly jagged. — DC. Prod. iv. 92; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 159. N. S. 'Wales. Port Jackson, Cloioes ; New England, C. Stuart. Victoria. Near Melboiu'ne, Adamson ; Wendu valley, Glenelg rivcr, Bobertso» ; Portland, J//itf ; Skipton, W//a>i. Tasmania, E. Broicn ; marshy places in the northeru and central parts of the island, /. D. Ilooker. S. Australia. Near Bethanie, Gawler river, Eucounter Bay, F. Mueller. The specics is also in New Zealand. 3. S. plautagineum, F. Muell. in Proc. Roy. Soc. Tastn. iii. 235. Very closely allied to E. rostratim, with the same habit, foliage, aud flowers, but the heads are oblong-cylindrical, and the bracts smaller, a few only of the outer ones and very rarely 1 or 2 of the upper ones projecting far beyond the fiowers. Queensland, R. Brown ; Peak Downs, F. Mueller ; tributaries of the Upper Darling river {Leichhardt ?). S. Australia. Flooded ground S. of Wills Creek, SowitCs Expedition. 4. 12. expausum, F. Muell. in Proc. Roy. Soc. Tasm.m. 236. Eadical leaves obloug or almost obovate, 2 to 3 in. long, uarrowed into a petiole, bordered by coarse prickly teeth or lobes. Stems erect or diftuse, dicho- tomous, exteudiug to 1 or 2 ft. Floral leaves opposite, short aud broad, deeply divided into 3 or rarely 5 divaricate cuneate prickly-toothed lobes. Peduncles iu the forks very short, each with a small globular head of 6 to 8 or rarely more small flowers. Bracts liuear or lanceolate, puugent, all at least the outer ones much longer than the flowers. Flowers scarcely 1 liue long, iucludiug tlie ovary. Calyx-lobes shcrter than the acbiate tube (or ovary), pimgent-pointed as in the rest of the genus. Petals very short, the inflected end obtuse, eutire. — Klatt in Liunsea, xxix. 712. Queensland. Dawson and Burnett rivers and Peak Downs, F. Mueller ; Wide Bay, Leichhnrdt ; Brisbane river, Moreton Bay, Leichhardt, C. Stuart. N. S. ^Vales. Hunter's River, R.Broicn. The species has some resemblance to the tropical American E.foetidum, but it is remark- able for the smallness of its flowerheads. 9. APIUM, Liuu. Calyx-teeth inconspicuous. Petals ovate or broad, with a short inflexcd tip, the margius not recurved, scarcely imbricate. Disk rather thick, cou- fluent with the conical base of the styles. Pruit short, slightly compressed laterally. Carpels ovoid, with 5 prominent ribs, the lateral oues close to the rather naiTOW commissure, with 1 vitta uuder each furrow, and usually 2 at the coramissure. Carpophore undivided. Seed uearly terete, straiglit. — Erect or prostrate herbs. Leaves ternately or pinnately dissected. Umbels compouud, leaf-opposed or terminal, without invokicral bracts. The genus, whether limited to threc or four species, or further extended to include scveral 2 B 2 372 LVI. UMBELLIPERiE. [Jpium. spccies ilistingnished npon slight grounds by Jiiodcrn botanists, vvill bo found to extend over inost of the tenipcratc and warmer regions of the gkbe. Both thu Australian species haye a wide range, onc chieily in the soulhern hemisphere without the tropics, the othcr iu America and tropical Africa. Leaves once or twice pinnate, with 3 or 5 morc or less dividcd broad or narrow segments \. A. australe. Leaves ternately divided iuto numerous filiform segraents or lobes . . 2. A. lepiophylhm. 1. A. australe, Thoti.; Hook, f. Fl. Tasm. i. 160. Steins usually prostratc or decmiiljeiit, rarely erect, from very sliort to 1 or 2 ft. loug, or even niore. Leavcs once or twice piunatipartite, very variable in size and shape, the scgments 3-partite, with incised loljes, from broadly obovate lo narrow-linear, the lower ones on rather loug petiolules. Umbels sessile or verv shortly pedunculate at the nodes, of from 3 to 6 rays, each with a small umbel of rather nuraerous white fiowers, without iuvolucral bracts. Disk broad aud thick, ahnost flat. Carpels with the primary ribs very prominent, almost corky, and narrow furrows between thein ; vittse usually broad, but not very distinct. — J. proHlratnm, LabilL PL Nov. Holh i. 76. t. 103 ; Vent. Jard. Mahn. t. 81 ; Petroseliimm prostralim, DC. Prod. iv. 102; Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 305; Ilelosciadium auslrale, Buuge in Ph Preiss. i. 294; //. prostra- tum, Bunge, 1. c. 295. Queensland. Port Curtis, M'GiUivray ; Brisbane river, Moreton Bay, T^. i1/?«'//«- ; Fit/roy rivcr, Thozel. N. S. 'Wales. Port Jackson to the Bhie Mountains, R. Brown, Sieber, n. 119, aud others ; northward to llastings river, Fraser ; Clarencc river, Wilcox ; southward to Two- fohl 15ay, F. MueJler; Lord Howe's Islaud, M'GiUioray. Victoria. Froni the Gienelg to Gi])ps' Land, F. MueUer and othcrs ; Wimmera, DaUuchy. Tasmania. Islands of Bass's Straits, R. Brotvn ; common, especially on the uortherii siiores of the island, /. D. Ilooker. S. Australia. From the JMurray river to Spencer's and St. Viucenfs Gulfs, F. MueUer, and otiiers. TV. Australia. From the S. coast to Swan and Murchisoii rivers, Brurnmond, \st ColL, a/.so n. 65, 124, 141, and 203, Preiss, n. 2051, 2052, Ohlfiehl. Therc are two common forms, one with short broad vcry obtuse leaf-segments, chietiy found near the sca; aud sonie spccimcns from the seacoast of Tasmania, the islands of Bass's Straits and adjoining coasts of the mainland, have a thick almost woody stem and large thick leavcs divided into very uumerous sniall obtuse segmeuts. The other form has uumerous long narrow acute linear segments, and often seems too unlilte the maritime oue to belong to tlic same species, but tlic intcrniediatcs betweeu the two are very numerous, passing gradually froni the one to tlie otlier. Thc species is also in Nevv Zealand, the S. Paeific islands, Antarctic America. and perhaps in Soiith Africa. It is vcry near the wild celery of tiie norlliern hemisphere {A. graveolens, Linn.), but tliat has gencrally an crect stem, and the ribs of the fruit appear to be always mucli niore slcndcr, with broad furrows between thcm. 2. A. leptophyllum, F. Mnell. Herb. An erect-or difFuse slender glabrous aumud of l to 2 ft. Leaves teruately divided into numcrous iiH- form segments, the lowcr ones petiohtte, the upper oues scssile, witli fewer segments. Umbels at the nodes sessilc or peduncuhito, of 2 or 3 sleuder rays, each with a partial umbel of uuuiy flowers on sleuder pediccls, without involucral bracts. Disk ratlicr broad, convex, scarcely distiuct from tlie very short slyles. Ribs of the carpels very promiueut aud thick, ahuost corky, separated by very narrow furrows, with one vitta under each furrow. — Apium.'] LVI. UMBELLIFER.t:, 373 Helosciadkim leptophyllum, DC. Prod. iv. 105, with tlie numerous svnonyms atlduced. Queensland. Brisbane river, Moretou Bay, F. Mneller. N. S. 'Wales. Port Jackson, Steber, n. 481, Backhouse ; Clarence rivcr, Beckler. The spccics is common in South America, extending to the Southern States of North America, and is also fouud in tropical Africa. 10. SESELI, Linn. Calyx-teetli usually prominent. Petals in the Australian species ovate, tapering into an inflexed point, the niargins not recurved. Disk thick, sur- rounding the base of the style or confluent with it. Fruit ovoid or oblono-j iiot compressed. Carpels with 5 prominent ribs, the lateral ones close to the broad comraissure, with 1 vitta under each furrow, and usually 2 to the com- missure. Carpojiliore divided or nearly entire. Seed semiterete, straight. — Herbs, in the Australian species, glabrous, with a perennial stock. Leaves chiefly radical, once or twice pinnately dissected. Umbels terminal, com- pound. Involucral bracts few. Flowers white. The genus compriscs a eonsiderable number of species, inhabitants of the northern hemi- sphere in the Old World. The Australian species are both endemic, and tliough dilfcring iu some slight particulars will probably prove to be really congencrs of thc northern oues. Leaf-segmeuts narrow. Fruit narrow-oblong, 3 to 4 lines loug . . \. S. Harveijanus. Leaf-segments short and broad. Fruit shortly oblong, under 2 liucs . 2. S. ahjens. 1. S. Harveyanus, F. Muell. in Hook. Kew Journ. viii. 71, and in Trans. Phil. Inst. Vict. i. 104. Stems from a thick perennial rootstock, erect, giabrous as Avell as the whole plant, 1 to Ij ft. high. Leaves chiefly radical, sometimes as long as the stem, on long petioles, pinnately divided, Avith liuear or linear-lanceolate segments often \ iu. long, the lower ones of each leaf often again 3-partite or shortly pinuate ; upper leaves fevv, uarrow, simply pinnate or simple. Umbels terminal, of 4 to 7 very unequal rays, each partial umbel with 1 to 4 perfect flowers on long pedicels, and several small males on short pedicels. Involucres, both geueral and partial, of 2 or 3 very small bracts. Calyx-teeth prominent, uneciual. Disk-lobes thick, surrounding the base of the styles. Pruit narrow-oblong, 3 to 4 lines long; carpels with 5 equally prominent ribs, the furrows rather broad, with 1 vitta undcr each aud 2 at the commissure. — Klatt in Linna?a, xxix. 715. Victoria. Alpine and subalpiue pastures, from the Cobberas to Ihe Muuyong mountains, F. Mueller. 2. S. algens, F. Muell. in Hook. Kew Journ, viii. 71, and in Trans. Fhil. Inst. Vict. i. 104. Quite glabrous. Stems from a thick percunial rootstock, short, ^lecumbent or ascending. Leaves chiefly radical, siraply pinnate, with broad rhoraboidal obovate or cuneate segments deeply and acutely toothed or incised, raostly under \ in. long ; stem leaves few, the sheathing bases of the petioles long and broad. Unibels of 4 to 6 unequal rays. Involucres, both general and partial, of 2 or 3 naiTOw bi'acts. Calyx- teelh scarcely conspicuous. Uisk-lobes confluent with the conical base of the styles. Fruit (not seen ripe) very shortly oblong, each carpel with 5 very prorainent ribs. — Klatt in Liuugea, xxix. 716. 374 Lvi, UMBELLiPEKiE. [Seseli. Victoria. Gravelly borders of alpine rivulcts and springs, iu thc Munjong mountaius, F. Mueller. 11. CRANTZIA, Nutt. Calyx-teeth sliortly prominent. Petals acute, concave, the margins not re- curved, imhricate in the biicl. Disk scarcely distinct from the conical base of the styles. Fruit broadly ovoid, very slightly laterally compressed. Car- pels nearly terete, with 5 corky ribs, the lateral ones forming a thick mass at the rather broad commissure, with 1 vitta nnder each furrow and 3 at the commissure. Carpophore not separating from the carpels. Albumen of the sced terete. — Small creeping herb. Leaves linear-terete, undivided. Umbels simple, with minute involucral bracts. The genus is confined to a single specics, extending to New Zealand and cxtratropical and Andine America. 1. C. lineata, Nntt. Gen. Pl. N. Jmer. i. 178. Stems or rhizomes slender crceping and rooting at the nodes. Leaves solitary or tufted at the nodes, slender, tistulose, marked witli transverse nodes,from imdcr 1 in. in some specimens to 2 or 3 in. long, or even more, rarely in American specimens broader and flattened at the upper end. Peduncles iiliform, solitary at the nodes, eacli with an umbel of 8 to 12 or sometimes more minute flowers, on pedicels of 1 to 2 lines. Pruits very small. — DC. Prod. iv. 71; Hook. f. Pl. Tasra, i. 160, and FL Antarct. 287. t. 100; Wedd. Chlor. And. ii. t. 68. — C. australica, P, Muell. 2nd Gen. Eep. according to KLitt, Linnaea, xxix. 714. Queensland. Brishane river, Mrs. Dietrick. N. S, Wales. Twolold Bay, F. Mueller. Victoria. IMoutli of Snowy Rivcr, Yarra river, F. Mueller ; Barwan river, Oldfield. Tasmania. Islauds of Bass's ^iraxis, R. Broicn ; marshes near Launceston, etc., /. D. Hoola-r. S. Australia. St. Vinccnfs Gu!f, F. Maeller. 12. ACIPHYLLA, Porst. Calyx-teeth more or less prorainent. Petals ovate or lanceohite, often in- flected at the tip but not acurainate, the margins not recurved, imbricate in the bud, Disk in the perfect flowers continuous with the conical base of the styles, in the males of 2 thick lobes witliout styles. Fruit (in tlie nor- mal species) oblong, somewhat dorsally compressed ; carpels dorsally com- pressed, with 5 (rarely 4 or 3) acutely prominent ribs, the lateral ones bor- dering the broad commissure and expandcd into narrow wings, or at least twice as broad as the other 3, of which 1 or 2 are sometimes wanting ; vittse 1 (or 2 ?) undcr eacli i"urrow, often obscure. Carpophore bipartitc. — Gk- brous percnuials, the true species rigid and erect. Lcaves pinnately decom- pound or reduced to a simple petioie. Uml)els compound. Involucres of linear bracts. Flowers polygamo-dicccious, the male plants without inter- mixturc of pcrfect oncs, but some males often intermixed in the umbels of pcrfcct flowers. The genus cxtcuds to Ncw Zcaiaud aud the Autarctic islands. F. Mnellcr proposcs to includc in it the wliolc of the spccies puijlishcd by J. D. Hooker as Anisolome, aud to adopt Forsti'r's nanie of Oingidlam for the collcctive geuus, or to reduce it altogether to Liyu ■ Acipkylla.'] LVI. UMJiELLIFERiE. 375 ticum. But Hooker has iiow sliown (Haiulb.N. Zeal. Fl.) that Forstcr's Ghigidiim belongs rather to Angelica, and tlie true Aciphylla: appcar to iiie to tbrra as natural aiid well cha- racterized a geuus as the luajority of those now adopted in UmbeUiferce. Whether those Anisotomes, now reduced by Hooker to Ligusiicum, ought really to be regardcd as con- geuers of the northerii species can only be dctcrmined by a careful coniparisou of thc uu- lucrous allied gcnera in the northern heinisphcre. lligid erect plants. Fruits obloug, the lateral ribs or wings twice as broad as the others. Leaves all rcduced to long simple apparently articulate petiolcs . . 1. A. simplicifolia. Leaves dissected with lincar segments 2. A. glacialis. Sinall deusely tufted or procumbent plaut. Fruits ovoid, the ribs all equal. Leaves dissectcd 3. A. procumbens. 1. A. simplicifolia, F. Mudl. (as a Glngidium). Stems from a deusely tufted stock erect, rigid, 1 to 2 ft. liigh, with a short linear leaf or bract uuder each brauch. Leaves otherwise radical, uarrow-linear, 6 in. to 1 ft. long, obtuse, terete or flattened towards the end, striate and marked with trans- verse raised liiies, giviug them an articulate appearance, undivided, with broad sheathiug bases. Umbel on the raain stem of 8 to 10 or more unequal rays, those ou the hiteral brauches smaller. General involucre of 3 or 4 uuequal linear bracts, shorter than the rays, the partial oues of more nu- merous bracts. Petals rather narrow, scarcely pointed. rruit oblong, 4 to 5 liues long, the carpels dorsally flattened, the ribs all acutely prominent, but the lateral oues twice as broad as the others aud abnost winged. Vittse often very obscure. — Gincjidium simpUcifoUum , F. ]\Iuell. iu Trans. PhiL Inst. Yict. i. 104, Pl. Vict. t. 27, aud in Hook. Kew Journ. viii. 72. Victoria. Moist grassy subalpine pasturcs froin Mouut Wellington to the Munyong mountains, F. Mueller. 2. A. glacialis, T?. Muell. (as a Gingidium^. Steras from a deusely tuftcd stock erect, rigid, 1 to 2 ft. high. Leaves chiefly radical, once or twice piunate, the rhachis thick, striate, marked at the divisions with trans- verse raised lines giving it an articulate appearance, broadly sheathiug at the base ; segments liuear, entire. Umbels of several often very unequal rays. Bracts of the general involucre linear-lanceolate, shorter than the rays, of the partial involucres small aud uarrovv. Petals ovate. Fruit oblong, 4 to 5 lines loug, the carpels dorsally compressed, the ribs all acutely prominent, the lateral ones much more so than the others but less winged thau in A. simpli- cifolia. Vitta? ofteu obscure. — Gingidium (jlaciale, F. Muell. iu Trans. Phil. Inst. Vict. i. 104, and in Kook. Kew .Journ. viii. 71. Victoria. Higher regious of the Australian Alps, at an elevalion of 5 to 7000 ft., T. 31ueller. 3. A (?) procumbens, F. Mnell. (as a Gingidium). A small jilant form- ing short deuse tufts or emitting prostrate branches of 2 to 3 in., thickly covered with the membrauous imbricated sheaths of old leaves. Lcaves twice pinuate, with short crowded liuear segments, acute and tipped with a hair-like poiut. Flowering-stems scarcely 1 in. high, with a siugle com- pouud umbel of many rays. Involucral bracts few, lanceolate or linear, Avith scarious edges. Calyx-teeth hulf as long as the petals. Petals ovate or lanceolate. Friiit ovoid, about l^ lines long, the ribs all very acutely prominent aud alniost wiuged, equal or irregularly uucqiial. Vitta? ob- 376 Lvr. UMBELLiFERiB. \_Aciphylla. sciiie. — Glngidiiim procumbenSjY. Muell. Fragin. i. 15 ; Hook. f. Fl, Tasm. ii. 303. Tasmania. Smiitnit of Mount Lapeyrouse, Oldfield. Tli's diliers Irom the other species iu its short equally-ribbed fruits, and coraes vcry near to those which J. D. Hooker now reduces to Liyustlcum, but differs froin the northern specics of that geuus in the waut of the nunierous vitta?. The habit is that of some northern «pecies of Meum or Gaya. 13. DAUCUS, Linn. Calyx-teetli proraincnt. Petals witli inflexed points, tlie margins not re- ciuTed, slightly imbricate in tlie bud. Disk small, confluent witli the couical base of the styles. Fruit ovoid or oblong, scarcely compressed, bristly ; carpels dorsally compressed, the primary ribs inconspicuous or not prominent, the 4 seeondary ribs very prorainent, expanded into rows of glochidiate bristles, with 1 vitta under eacb secondary rib and 2 at tlie broad commis- sure. Carpophore simple or bipartite. — Annuals or biennials, usually hirsute. Leaves decompound, with narrow segments. Umbels compound, the bracts of thc general involucre usually dissected. Besides the Australian species, which extends over New Zealand and Western America, the genus iucludes the Carrot and a few other species natives of the northern hemisphere. l. D. brachiatus, Sieh. in I)C. Prod. iv. 214. An erect or decumbent annual, sometiaies suiall and slender, sometimes stout and attaining 1 to 2 ft., more or less sprinkled or hirsute with short stift" hairs. Leaves on sleu- der petioles, twice pinnate, with short narrow incised or pinnate segments, usuaily minutely mucronuhite. Umbels of about 3 to 5 very unequal rays, with 2 or 3 floral leaves or invohicral bracts divided into 2 or 3 linear-subu- late segments ; one of tlie rays sometimes growing out into a continuation of thc stem and bearing another compound umbel. Fruit ovoid, varying very mucli in size, usually scarcely 2 lines long, with short bristles, sometimes above 3 lines loug, the bristles long and very flne, or stout and dihated at the base.— Buuge in Pl. Preiss. i. 295 ; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 161, with the synonyms ackluced (except D. jfusillus, Mich.) ; Scrnidix glochidiata, Labill. Pl. Nov. IIoU. i. 75. t. 102. Queensland, Bowman ; Moreton Bay, F. Mtieller ; near Warwick, Beclder ; iu the intirior, Milclietl. N. S. Wales. Port Jacksou to the Blue Mountains, Sleher, n. 115, A. Cimnhiyham, and othcrs; Maclcay river, Beckler ; Ncw Englaud, C. Sluart ; Darling and Lachlau rivers, A. Ciiniiinf/Iiam, and southward to Twofold Bay, F. Mueller. Victoria. Mm-ray river, F. Mueller ; 'Wimmera, Ballac/iy ; Crcswick, W/ian; Port- Iniul, Jllitt. Tasmania. Common in thc northern parts of the islaud, J. D. Koo/cer. S. Australia. Froni the Murray river to St. Vincenfs aud Sj^cncer^s Gulfs, F. Muellcr and othcrs. MT. Australia. King George's Souud, R. Brown, aud thencc to Swan River, Drum- mond, \st Coll. ; Preiss, n. 2071, 2073; OMfield ; Collie. J. D. Hooker includes among the synonyms of this species the Baucus ptisillus, Mich., of thc United States of N. Amcrica, and on that authority F. Mueller takes Michaux's nanie as thc oldest for the species. B. jiusilliis appears however always to have the umbcl, although suiall, regular with nunicrous rays, aud more dissectcd invohicral bracts, as iu B. Carota, and must probably be rctaiued as a distinct species couucctiug ia some measure D. brac/iiatus with B. Carota. DaUCUS.} LVI. UMBELLIFER.E. 377 D. Carota, Linn., the wild carrot, a tall erect plant, the unibcls rather largc with nnmerous crowded rays and the bracts of both involucres pinnatifid, is amongst the plants introduced froni Europe and inore or lcss established iu waste places near scttlements iu Victoria and S. Australia. 14. OREOMYRRHIS, Endl. (Caldasia, Lag^ Calyx-teeth inconspicuous. Petals slightly concave, with short inflexed points, the margins not recurved, imbricate in the bud. Disk rather broad, continuous with the base of the styles. Fruit oblong or naiTow, usually tapering towards the end, slightly compressed hiterally ; caqiels nearly terete, with 5 obtusely prominent ribs, the lateral ones close to the rather broad commissure, with 1 vitta under each furrow and usually 2 at the commissnre. Seed nearly terete, but longitudinally furrowed towards the commissure. — Perennial tufted herbs. Leaves pinnately dissected. Umbels simple, pe- dunculate. Involucral bracts ovate or lanceolate. The genus consists apparenfly of a very few species, of which the Australian oue has Ihe widest range, extendiug over Autarctic aud Andine America as well as New Zealand. The furrow of the albumen, although not decp, is distinct in all the seeds I have examined, and the habit appears to me to be very much that of several Scandicineiv. The genus is indeed very nearly allied to Charoi^hyUum. 1. O. andicola, Hndl.; Ilook. f. Fl. Atit. ii. 288. «;. 101. A densely tufted perennial, sometimes with only radical leaves and simple scapes, some- times producing erect orascending sparingly branched stenis of 1 ft. or more, always more or less pubescent or hirsute. Leaves ouce twice or three times pinnately divided, the segments short and sessile, tlie ultimate lobes short, from linear-subulate to oblong, mostly acute. Peduncles usually erect from the stock, from 2 or 3 in. to 1 ft. or even near 2 ft. long, bearing each a single simple umbel, or sometimes a tuft of leaves and peduncles forming an irrcgularly compouud leafy umbel. Flowers numerous, at first nearly sessile within the involucre of about 6 to 10 ovate or lanceolate entire or toothed leafy bracts ; fruiting pedicels longer than the bracts, often growing out to 3 lines or more. Fruit usually narrow-oblong, 2 to 3 lines long, tapering at the top, but sometimes almost ovoid, and scarcely 2 lines long, and in one Yictorian specimen (perhaps in an abnormal state) the unripe fruits are cylindrical aud nearly 5 lines long. — Wedd. Chlor. And. ii. 206 ; Caldasia andicola, Lag. ; DC. Prod. iv. 229 ; Myrrhis audicola, H. B. and K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. v. J3. t. 419 ; Caldasia criopoda, DC. Prod. iv. 229; Oreomyrrhis eriopoda, Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 162 ; 0. argeniea, Hook. f. in Hook. Jc. t. 300, and Pl. Tasm. i. J62 (very hirsute with silky silvery hairs) ; O. brachycarpa, Hook. f. in. Hook. Ic. under n. 300. and Fl. Tasm. i. 162 (with short fruits); O. sessilijlora and O. ciliata, Hook. f. in Hook. Lond. Jouru. vi. 471, and Fl. Tasm. i. 162, 163. N. S. TVales. Clarcnce river, Beckler. Victoria. Grassy places in the mountaiu districts, F. Mueller, and others, Tasmania. Port Dalrymple, B.. Bruwn. Common iu grassy pasturcs both in the mountains and plains, J. D. Ilooker. The species is also in Nevv ZeaUind and in Antarctic aud Audine America. The stveral forms described by J. U. Jlooker, which appeared distinct euough in nuincrous specimens origiually trausmilted from Tasmauia, are by no meaus well marked out in more exliiisive 378 LVi. UMBELLiFER.E. \Oreomyrrhis. collections; thc most striking are the 0. argmtea and 0. brachycarpa,hxi.i the dense silvery liairs of tlie fonner occur in a greater or less degree in several Victorian as well as Andiue spccimcns, aud ihc coniparative length of the fruit appears to be e.xccedingly inconstant. OuDER LYII. ARALIACE^. Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary ; limb forraing a sligiitly niised line or short cup round tiie suramit, truncate or toothed, or ([uite inconspicuous. Pctals 5 or more, or rarely 4, usually valvate and shortly inflected at the tip, and oflen coliering, rarely with a long inflected pcint, or (in a few species not Australiaii) obtuse and imbricate, inserted round an epigynous entire disk. Staracns as niany as petals or soraetimes (in gcnera not Australian) niore, inserted with tliem round the epigynous disk ; anthers versatile, Avith pa- rallel cells opening lougitudinally. Ovary inferior, 2- or niore-celled, or very rarely 1-celled by abortion, with 1 anatropous ovule in each cell, pendulous from' the summit. Styles as raany as cells, eitlier distinct erect and after- Avards recurved with small terminal stigmas, or united in a cone, or reduced to a slight protubcrance with as many stignias as cells radiating on the sum- mit and often scarcely conspicuous. Fruit more or less drupaceous and indc- hiscent, thc epicarp succulent, rarely nearly dry and tliin, alvvays distinet from tlie endocarp, wliich is liardened into as many one-seeded pyrenes as eells of the ovary, usually latcrally compressed. Seed pendulous, testa very thin, albumen the shapc of tlie pyrene, with an even surface, or rarely rurainate. Erabryo minute, near the apex of the seed, the radical superior. — Trees, shnibs, or woody climbers, very rarely (in a few species not Australian) herbs. Leaves simple, digitate or pinnately compountl, sometiraes very Lirge, the rhachis often articulate, the petiole dilated at the base or Ihe dilatations luiited in an intrapctiolar stipule. Flowers sniall, often greenish or purple, in unibels heads or rarely racemes, whicii are usually disposed in Lnrge ter- minal racemes or panicles, the umbels rarely solitary or in compound umbels. Bracts usually small and often inconspicuous or none. Plowers frequently polygamous, the ovary entirely abortive in tlic males, the stamens often smaller or rarely wanting in tlie feraales. With the cxccption of a very few specics in thc temperatc rcgions of the northeru aud southcrn hcniisphercs, the Order is coufiued to thc tropics in the New as well as in the Old World. Of the six Austraiian species, two arc widcly sprcad ovcr tropical Asia and Africa, one of thcm cxtendiug also to New Zealand ; ouc cxtends only to thc Indiau Archipelago and tlie iskuids of thc South Pacific ; one, Hedera, has as yet only oue asccrtained cougcner, sprcad over thc tcmperate regions of the northcru hcuiisphcre in the Old World ; the re- maining two are cndemic. Gencrally spcaking, Araliace^s difTer from TJmhelUfera by their (all shrubby or arborcs- ceut habit, large leaves, pauiculate inHorescence, valvatc petals, cntire disk aud drupaceous fruits, but every oue of these characters brcaks down iu some cxceptioual case, and some have ])roposcd to unite Ihc two Orders. V>ni such counccting liuks occur iu the case of cveu thc luost natural Ordcrs, aud it appears to mc thal if Astrotriche and Horsfieldia are trausfcrred from Umbelliferce, wherc thcy havc bceu hithcrlo placed, into Araliacece, there is really vcry little difiicuity in drawiug the line of dewarcation bctwecn the two. Styles 2 (or excc))lionally 3) distinct. Petals with thc tips slightly or uot at all iuflectcd. Umbcls hcads or raceuies pauiculate, rarcly solitary. Lcavcs all simplc. Plant deuscly stellate-tomcutosc . . . . 1. Astrotrichk. Lcaves mostly or all c mpound. l^lant glabrous or ucarly so . 2. Panax. LVII. ARALIACE.f;. 379 Petals uarrow, with loug iuduplicate points. Umbels twice or thricc compound. Lcaves digitate 3. Mackinlaya. Stylcs uuited iu a coue or short stylc, or rcduced to a short protuber- ancc in thc disk. Ovary scveral-ecUed. Ovary-cclls and pyrenes 5 to 7. Flowers pedicellate, without bracteolcs. Albumcu ruminate 4. Hedera. Albumen evea 5. IIeptapleurum. Ovary-cells aud pyrencs 7 to Ifi. Flowcrs closely sessile within 4 short broad bracts, forming small heads arranged in loug racemes 6. Buassaia. 1. ASTROTICHE, DC. Calyx4eetli minutely prominent. Petals 5, valvate, usually pubescent out- side. Stamens 5. Disk broad and not tliick, the margin olten prominent. Ovary 2-celled. Styles 2, distinct, at first erect, aftenvards recurved. Friiit flattened or tliick, tlie endocarp liardened iuto 3 pyi-enes, furrowed on eacli side of tlie commissural edge or cnrved into spurions empty cells, tlie endo- carp qnite distinct as in other Arcdiacefe, but not so succulent. Albumeu eveu. — Shrubs more or less clothed with a stellate tomentuin. Leaves petio- late, undividcd, entire. Ijmbels peduneulate, in large terminal panicles. Flowers articnlate on the pedicel. The genus is limited to Australia. It is usually placed iu UmbeUiferce, but the structure of the flowers and frnit, as well as the habit, are much ucarer those of Panax, fi'om which the geuus diifers slightly in the epicai'p rather drier, in the foliage aud the stellate to- mentum. Fruit thick, with naiTow wings on each side. Endocarp curved into spiuious cells on each side of the inner augle of the pyreue. Leaves cordate-lanceolate . . . . ' \. A. pterocarpa. Fruit flat. Endocarp grooved ouly on each side of the inner angle of pyrcne. Leaves fi'om ovate-lauccolate to narrow-lanceolatc 2. A.Jloccosa. Leaves lincar-lauceolate, acute, mostly 3 to 6 in. loug. Calyx-tceth scarcely conspicuous 2). A. lorujifoUa. Leaves frora oblong-linear to narrow liuear, obtuse, 1 to 3 in. long. Calyx-teeth promineut ^. A. ledifolia. 1. A. pterocarpa, Benih. A slender shrub {TF. HilT). Leaves on long petioles, cordate-lanceolate, 6 to 10 in. long, densely floccose-tomentose 011 both sides as well as the leafy branches. Panicle very large, with narrow leafy bracts under the principal branches. Umbels dense, many-flowered, on short peduncles. Pedicels rarely longer thau the flowers. Disk scarcely pro- minent. Fruits witliout the wings ovoid-oblong, thick, abont 3 lines long, slightly furrowed ; the endocarp forniing 3 collateral cells in each carpel, the 2 lateral ones empty, the central one enclosing the seed ; the cpicarp ex- panded at the commissure into a rather broad wing, often not apparent till tlie frnit is quite ripc. Queensland. Fitzroy Islaud, W. Hill. 2. A. floccosa, BC. Mem. Omhell. 30. t. .5 ; Prod. iv. 74. A shrub, attaining froin 10 to 30 ft., the young branches inflorescence and under side of the leaves clothed with a dense floccose tomentum. Leaves from ovate- lanccolate to lanceolate, tapering into a narrow point, rounded at the base or 380 LVii. ARALiACE^. [Asiroticlie. sliglitly cordatc, the larger oues sometimes almost pcltate, 4 to 8 in. long, glabrous oii the upper side, the floral ones small, linear-lanceolate or the upper ones rediiced to small bracts. Umbcls numerous, raany-flowered, in a large terminal paniGle. Petals woolly-tomentose outside. Disk witli a sliglitly raised margin. Frnit nearly 2 lines broad, flat, not winged, tbe en- docarp of each carpel sometimes grooved or Iblded towards the commissure, but not cin"ved into spurious cells. — Bolax /loccipes, Sieb. Pl. Exs. Queensland. Moreton Island, F. Mueller. N. S. 'Wales. Port Jacksou to the Blue Mountains, R. Brown, Sieber, n. 258, aud otliers; northward to Hastings river, Beckler; aud New England, C. Sluart ; southward to lllawarra, A. Cuuningham, aud others. Var. subpeUata. Leaves more coriaceous, shiuing above, slightly cordate or shorlly pel- tate at the base. — Blue Mountaius, IUawarra, etc. Var. angustifolia. Leaves lauceolate, about \ in broad. — Blue Mountains aud to the northward. Var. iiicana. Tomentum closer and whiter. Panicle more sleuder and leafless. Flowers fewer aud less tomentose. — A. latifolia, Beuth. in Hucg. Enum. 55. — Port Jackson and Blue Mountains. 3. A. longifolia, Benth. in Hiiec/. Ennm. 55. Nearly allied to the naiTOw-leaved varitties of A. fioccosa, but the leaves much narrower, the panicle more slender, with fewer flowers to the umbel and the calyx-teeth more promineut. Leuves linear-hniceolate, acuminate, 3 to 5 in. long and rarely al)ove j in. broad, glabrous above, with a close white or looser and floccose tonientum uudcrneath, or rarely ahnost glabrous. Fruits rather larger than iu A.jloccosa. Queensland. Brisbane river, ^loreton Bay, A. Cunningham, F. Mueller, aud others. N. S. TVales. Port Jackson to the Bluc Mountains, R. Brovm, Lownes ; Port Stevens, M'Arthur. Some speciuieus are vcry difficult to distinguish from the narrow-leaved oues of A. floccosa ; others come near to the longer-leaved ones of ^. ledifolia. 4. A. ledifolia, BC. Mem. Ombell. 30. t. 6, andProd. iv. 74. A more slender shrub than A. floccosa, with virgate branches covered as well as the inflorescence and under side of the leaves with a close or floccose tomentum. Leaves obloug-linear or naiTow-linear, obtuse or rarely ahnost acute, 1 to 3 in. long, glabrous above, tlie margins recurved or revolute. Panicle smaller and narrower than in A. floccosa. Flowers and fruit the same as in that species. — ^o/aj; ledifoliiis, Sieb. Pl. Exs. ; A. hoveoides, A. Cunn. ; Beuth. iu Hueg. Euum. 55 (with short leaves) ; A. Linearis, A. Cnnn. ; Benth. 1. c. (with long narrow leaves) ; A. asperifolia, F. Muell. ; Klatt in Linnaca, xxix. 7U9 (\vith loug leaves). N. S. Wales. Port Jackson to the Bliie ^lountains, Sieber, n. 257, and olhers; sou(hward to lUawarra, v-f. Cunningham,nnil others. Victoria. Buffalo rangc, Latrobe river, Grampiaus, etc, F. Mueller (usually the short- lcaved forui). 2. PANAX, Linn. (Nothopauax, Miq.) Calyx-border usually sliglitly prominent, truncatc or shortly 5-tootlied. Petals 5, valvate, often cohering at the tips, especially in female flowtrs. Staraens 5. Disk bro;id and not thick, the margin sometimes prorainent. Panax.'] LVii. akaliace^. 381 Ovary 2- or rarely 3-celled. Styles 2, rarely 3, at lir^^t ereet aiid soinetimes coliering, afterwards distiiiet aiid recurved. Fruit flatteued, the endocarp hardened iuto 2 distiuct pyrenes uot furrowed, souietiuies 2-ribbed on the dorsal edge, the exocarp more or less succuleut. Albuiueu even. — Trees or shrubs. Leaves pinnately or digitately compound or rarely a i&vf on the same tree or bush undivided. Flowers ofteu polygamous, articulate on the pedicels, in umbels or rarely in lieads or racemes, the umbels or racemes pa- nicuLate or rarely solitary. The genus, if limited according to the views of Planchou and Decaisne, is widely distri- buted over the tropical regions of thc Old World and extcnds to New Zealand, but is not American, and compriscs Linu8eus's F.fniticosa and othcrs. The northeru herbaceous spe- cies of Liunfeus, with imbricate pctals, are united by the sarae authors with Aralia, a course sanctioned by A. Gray and others. Miquel, hovvever, reserves the name of Panax for these herbaceous species, aud proposes the name of NotJiopana.r for Planchou and Decaisne's Panax. As the views of the latter authors will probably meet with more geueral adoptiou, they are here followed. The seven AustraHan species, as far as hitherto known, are all eu- demic, two of them anomalous in their inflorescence. Leaves digitatc or rarely undivided. Umbels solitary \. P. Gimnii. Leaves pinnate or bipinnate. Flowers umbellate, umbels paniculate or racemose. Leaflets glabrous, long, obliquely lauceolate. Calyx-teeth scarcely promineut 2. P. Murrayi. Leaflets softly pubescent underneath, large, ovate or oblong, acu- minate. Galyx-teeth scarcely prominent 3. P. mollis. Leaflets glabrous, large, ovate-ianceolate or obloug. Umbels few- flowered, numerous. Calyx-limb cup-shaped, truncate . . . 4. P. MacgiUivrm. Leaflets glabrous, mostly under 3 in., ovate-lanceolate or liuear, entire toothed or dissected. Calyx-limb very short, sinuate- toothed 5. P. sambucifolius. Leaves 3-foliolate. Flowers sessile, capitate ; heads paniculate or racemose 6. P. cephalobotri/s. Leaves pinnate or bipinnate. Flowers pedicenate, racemose ; ra- cemes paniculate 1. P- 1. P. Gunnii, Uook. f. in Hook. Lond. Joiirn. vi. 466, and Fl. Tasm. i. 163. t. 37. A sparingly-branched shrub of 2 or 3 ft. with slender Lranches, more or less strigose witlt appressed hairs, as well as the petioles and sometimes the ribs of the leaflets. Leaves mostly digitate, with 5 or rarely 6 or 7 lauceolate segments of 1 to 2 in., coarsely serrate or piunatifid, but on some branches the leaves reduced to 3 lanceolate segments or quite simple. Urabels termiual, solitary, on short peduncles. Flowers numerous, on pedicels of 1 or 2 lines. Calyx-teeth prorainent. Disk slightly convex. Styles short. Fruit not seen ripe. Tasmania. Towards Port Macquarrie, Frankliu and Gordon rivers, Gun», Milliffan ; near Mouut Lapeyrouse, Oldfield, C. Stuart. 2. P. Mnrrayi, F. Muell. Fragm. ii. 106. A splendid tree, the trunk siraple to tlie height of 50 or 60 ft., and then almost trichotomously branched {F. Mueller, Dailachy). Leaves siraply piunate, often several ft. long ; leaf- lets obli(|uely lanceolate, entire or slightly denticidate, herbaceous but not thin, 3 to 6 iu. loug, or wheu luxuriant 8 to 10 in., quite glabrous. Umbels many-flowered, peduuculate, in raceraes or divaricately-branched panicles. Calyx-teeth inconspicuous. Petals and stamens not seen. Fruit about 2 382 Lvii. ARALIACE^. [Panax. lines broad ; tbc eiulocai-p not veiy hard. — Nothopanax Murrayi, Seem. Fl. Vit. 114. Queensland. Rockingliam Bay, iJallachy. N. S. Wales. Hastings river, Beckler ; Twofold Bay, T. Mueller. 3. P. moUis, Benth. A tall shrub. Leaves siraply (or doubly ?) pin- nate; leafiets ovate ovate-lanceolate or oblong, acuminate, 6 to 10 in. long, glabrous above, softly pubescent or villous underneath. Umbels many- flowered, numerous, in large divaricately-branched panicles, the rhachis rainutely tomentose. Calyx-teeth slightly and irregidarly prominent. Styles long and slender. Pruit aboiit 2 lines broad, but not seen quite ripe. Queensland. Kockingham Bay, Dallachy. 4. P. Macgillivraei, Benth. A small tree of about 20 ft., quite gla- brous. Leaves simply (or doubly?) pinnate, the rhachis articuhite ; leaflets shortly petiolulate, oval-oblong or ovate-lanceolate, shortly acuminate, often oblique at the base, 6 to 10 in. long, thin and membranous in our speciraens. Umbels few-flovvered, in a harge loose corapound panicle with slender branclies and pedicels. Calyx-limb prominently cup-shaped, truncate or slightly sinuate-toothed. Petals rather long and naiTOw. Fruits about 3 lines broad, very flat, the cai-j3cls often readily separating, each with a thin exocarp, and a flat smooth hard endocarp. — Nothopanax MacgiUlvrayi, Seera. FI. Yit. 114. Queeusland. Cape York, M'GilUvray ; Albany Island, W. Uill. 5. P. sambucifolius, Sieh. bi DC. Procl. iii. 235. A tall shrub or tree, quitc ghdjrous. Leaves simply or doiUjly pinnate ; leaflets exceedingly variable, most commonly distant, petioluhite or sessile, ovate elliptical or lanceolate, 1-g- to 3 in. long, acute, entire, denticulate or lobed, the lowest of the simply piunate leaf, or the lowest of each pinna often smaller, broader, and close to the base, but sometimes the leaflets divided, or narrow-linear and pinnatitid with divarieate distant lobes, the rhachis sometimes dilated and as broad as the lobes. L^mbels many-flowered in a terminal branched corym- bose panicle or in a simple raceme. Calyx-limb shortly prominent, dilated, very shortly sinuate-toothed. Petals in the pcrfect flowers often cohering at the tips, smaller and more spreading in ihe males. Fruit 2 to 3 lines broad, with a white or lead-coloured succulent exocarp, the endocarps or pyrenes flat with 2 obtuse dorsal ribs. — P. augustifolins and P. deudroides, F. Muell. in Trans. Phil. Inst. Yict. i. 42, aud PI. Yict. t. 28 ; Nothopanax sambuci- folius, Seem. Fl. Yit. 115. N. S. TVales. Port Jacksou to the Blue IMountains, R. Brown; Sieber, n. 25(i, aml others ; northvvard to Ilastings, ^racleay, aud Clareuce rivers, Beclder ; aud southward to lilawarra, A. Ciinningham ; JJerrima, Woolls ; and Tvvofold Bay, F. MueUer. Victoria. Mountaius from Daudenong and Jlouut Macedou to the Buffalo rangc and a great part of Gipps' Land, F. Mueller. Tasmania. Douglas river, E. coast, MiUigan, according to F. Mueller, hut the speei- meus are iu ieaf only, and appear to nie to be somewhat doubtful. The specinicns with narrovv much-dissected leaves are so very uulike the others or cveu any Panax, that A. Cunniiigham had distributcd them under the name of Trachymene pin- nata. The uianuer, hovvever, iu which tlic various forms of lcallets are combincd, even ou the samc speciuicus, show that all belong to one species. G. P. cephalobotrys, F. Muell. Fragm. ii. 83. Slirubby, soniewhat PanaxJ Lvii. ARALiACEiE, 383 climbing, glabroiis except tlie inflorescence, or tlio young l)raiiclies and petioles sprinkled with a few appressed liairs. Leaves on long slender petioles, witli 3 petiolulate leaflets, nblong or lanceolate, acuminate, 3 to 4 in. loug. Plowers sessile, in small pedunculate lieads, forming a simple raceme or a slender sliglitly-branclied panicle scarcely exceeding tlie leaves. Petals and stameus not sceii. Youug fruit broadly ovate, compressed, crowned by tlie sliort cup-shaped, obtusely 5-Iobed calyx-liuib. Disk witb tlie raargin sliglitly prominent, Styles ratlier long. N. S. ^Vales. Clarence and Richmond rivers, Beckler. Tiiis and tlie following species ditter from tlie rest of tlie genus in infloresceuce, but the flowers aud fruits appear to be otherwise entircly those of Panax. 7, P. elegans, F. Mnell. m Trans. Phil. Inst. Vict. ii. 68. A large and handsome tree, glabrous except the iufloresceuce. Leaves large, simply or doubly pinnate, the rhachis articidate. Leaflets petiolate, opposite, ovate, acuminate, entire, coriaceous, shiniug, often 3 to 4 iu. long. Ploweis singly pedicellate iu little raceuies, which are very uuuierous and arranged in a large termiual divaricately-branched pauicle, the rhachis minutely hoary-pubesceut. Calyx-border shortly proiniuent, eutire. Petals and styles of the genus. Disk not promiuent. Fruits about 3 liues broad, the endocarp or pyrenes hard. — Nothopauax elegans, Seem. Pl. Vit. 114. Queensland, Burdekin Expedition ; Rockhampton and Edgecorabe Bay, Ballacki/ ; Brisbaue river, Moreton Bay, A. CHnningham, F. Mueller, C. Moore. N. S. Wales. Clareuce river, Beckler ; Richmoud river, C. Moore ; Illawarra, Ralston (according to F. Mueller, the specimen in leaf oniy). 3. MACKINLAYA, P. Muell. Calyx with 5 promiuent lobes. Petals uuguiculate, with long induplicate poiuts, valvate in tlie bud. Stameus 5. Disk broad, the raargiu imdulate. Ovary 2-ceIled. Styles 2, at first erect, afterwards recurved. Pruit vei-y flat, the eudocarp cartilaginous, forraing 2 separate pyrenes, the exocarp succulent. — Slirub or tree. Leaves digitately couipound. Plowers poly- gamous, articulate on the pedicels, in a large compound terminal urabel, with general and partial iuvolucres of narrow bracts. The genus is limited to a single species, endemic in Australia, diifering from Panax chiefly in infloresceuce and iu the petals resembling those of many JJmbelliferce. 1. M. macrosciadia, P. Muell. Fragm. iv. 120. A slender shrub or sraall tree, quite glabrous. Leaves with the commou petiole sheathing at the base, but without distiuct stipules ; leaflets 3 to 7, usually 5, petiolulate, ovate or oblong, shortly acuminate, entire or with a few coarse distaut teeth, 4 to 8 in. loug, membranous at least at the time of flowering. Umbels 3 tiraes or even 4 tiraes corapound, with numerous rays, the priiuary ones often 4 or 5 in. loug, the secoudary and tertiary umbels corapact. luvolucres both general and partial of several liuear or linear-lanceolate bracts, much shorter thau the rays. Calyx-Iobes acute or acuniinate. Pruits when perfect about 7 lines broad and 5 lines long, but onc carpel often deformed and semi- abortive. — Panax macrosciadia, P. MucII. Pragm. ii. 108, 176. Queensland. E. coast, R. Brown, A. Cunningham ; Dunk Island, M'Gillivray ; 384 LVii. AUALiACE/E. [MacHnlai/a. Fitzroy Tsland, M'Gillivray, W. Ilill ; Poit ^Molle and Ciimbcrlaiul Islands, Fitzalan ; Rockingham Bay, Ballachy. 4. HEDERA, Linn. (Trvinp;ia, T. Muell. ; Kissodendron, Seem.) Calyx-border slightly prorainent, cntire or sinnate-tootlied. Petals 5, val- vate. Staraens 5. Disk convex, sometimes very prominent. Ovary 5-celled. Stvles iinited into an obtuse cone or very short cylindrioal style, with 5 scarcely prorainent stigmas. Fruit nearly globular, with 5 1-seeded pyrenes. Seed with a furrowed or ruminated albumen. — VVoody clirabers or trees. Leaves entire, lobed or pinnately compound. Flowers umbellate, not articu- late on the pedicel, the umbels pedunculate in terminal panicles. The geuus, characterized essentially by the rumiuated albumeu, coutains besides the Aus- Iraliau species, which is endemic, one widely disperscd over the northern hemisphere iu the Old World, aud probably some other Asiatic ones as yet insufficiently iuvestigated. \. H. australiana, F. Muell. Fragm. iv. 120. A small tree, quite gUibrous. Leaves large, pinnate, the rhachis articulate ; leaflels few, ovate, oval-oblong or ovate-lanceolate, shortly acurainate, often above 6 in. long, sraooth and shining, but proraiuently veiued ahnost as in Heptapleurum venulosum. Umbels peduncidate, with the peduncles almost verticilhate aloug the elongated branches of a large loose terraiual panicle. Calyx-border slightly sinuate-toothed. Disk broadly couical, tliough not quite so thick as in H. helix. Style very shortly cylindrical or reduced to a small boss on the centre of the disk. Drupe above 2 lines diaraeter, with 5 hard pyrenes, en- closing a seed with a deeply ruminate surface. — Irvingin australiana, F. Muell. Fragm. v. 19 ; Kissodendron australianum, Seem. Journ. Bot. iii. 201. Queensland. Herbert river, F. Mueller ; Rockingham Bay, Ballachi/. The semi-superior appearance of the ovary of Iledera helix is diie to the thickness of the e])igynons disk, and the only character remainiug to separate H. anstrahatia generically froin it is the compouud foiiage, which can scarccly bc adraitted in au Order where it is so jieculiarly variable. 5. HEPTAPLEURUM, Ga^rtn. (Paratropia, Blame.) Calyx-teeth minute or incon«picuous. Petais 5 or 6, or rarely more, valvate. Stamens as many as pelals. Disk flat or convex. Ovary with 5 or 6, rarely niore cells. Styles united in a short cone, Avith as niany sessile scarcely pro- niinent stigraas as cells. Fruit ncarly globular, the endocarp not very hard, forming 5 or (5, rarely more, 1-seeded pyrenes. — Trecs or tall shrubs. Leaves digitately compound. Flowers mostly unisexual, not articulate on the pedicel, umbellate, the umbels arranged in termiual panicles or racemes. A cousiderable geuus dispei-sed ovcr tropical and castcrn temperate Asia, the only Aus- tralian spccies bcing oiie which has the widest range in East India. 1. H. venulosum, Seem. Journ. Bot. iii. 80. A tall shrub or tree, quite glabrous. Leaflcts 5 to 7, on loug petiohdes, mostly elliptical or oval- oblong, acuminale, 4 to 8 in. long, but iu sorae Indian specimens short and obtuse, coriaceous, somewhat shining, the pinnate vcins and reticulate vein- lets vei-y prominent, Stipules adnate to the petiole at the base only, united IJej)t'ijjIeia'um.] Lvii. araliace.t:. 385 witliin it into a single obtuse laniina. Umbels in a divaricatcly-branclud panicle sliorter than the leaves. Male tlowers with exsertcd stanicns, and scarcely aiiy rudiment oF the ovary. Females often with more or less perfect stamens. Parts of the flowers 5 or 6. Fruit about 2 lines diameter. — Paratropla venulosa, W. and Arn. Prod. 377 ; Wight, Illustr. t. 118 ; F. Miiell. Fragm. iv, 121 ; Jralia Moorei, F. Muell. Fragm ii. 108. Queensland. "Wide Bay, C. Moore. — The species is wiJely dispersed over East Imiia. 6. BRASSAIA, Endl. Calyx-tube broad, adnate to the ovary, without any prominent border. Petals 7 to 18, usnally about 12, valvate, usually cohering at the apcx. Stamcns as many as petals. Disk' not thick, broad, with as many radiating furrows as cells, and conflueut with the slightly raised styles or base of tlie radiating stigmas. Ovary with as many cells as parts of the flower and stigmas. ' Fruit with as many 1-seeded laterally compressed pyrenes as cells of the ovary. — Tree. Leaves digitately compound. Flowers sessile in little dense heads, sliortly pedunculate in long racemes, each flower embedded in a cup-shape in- volucre of 4 small imbricate bracts. The genus is limited to a single species, endemic in Australia. 1. B. actinophylla, Endl. Nov. Stirp. Bec. 89. A handsome tree, at- taining -lO ft., quite glabrous. Leaflets 7 to 16, petiolulate, oblong or ob- ovate-oblong, very shortly acimiinate, coriaceous, entire, 6 in. to 1 ft. long. Stipules united in a single interpetiolar stipule, adnate to the petiole at the base. Flower-heads scareely above \ in. diameter, on peduncles, sometimes very short, rarely ^ to 1 in. long, rather numerous along the stout rhachis of the racemes, which attain sometimes severalfeet, andare often several together at the end of the branch, each one subtendcd by long acuminate leafless stipnles.— F. Mnell. Fragm. ii. 108, iv. 121; Seem. Journ. Bot. ii. 213. Queensland. Endeavour river, Bavhs and Solander, A. Cunningliam ; Cape York, W. Ilill ; Palm Island, Menne ; Port Molle, litzalan ; Rockingham Bay, BaUachy ; Bojd river, C. Moore. Order LVIII. CORNACEiE. Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary ; linib fonniug a raised border, entire or with as many teeth as petals. Petals 4, 5, or rarely more, valvate in the bud, inserted round an epigynons disk or on the calyx-border, rarely wanting. Sta- mens as many or rarely twice as niany as the petals, and inserted with them ; anthers withparallel cells opeuing longitudinally. Ovary inferior, 1- or 2- celled, with one anatropous pendulous ovule in each cell ; style simple, with a terrainal entire or rarely lobed stigma. Fruit an indehiscent drupe, with a 1- or 2-celled nuclcus. Seeds solitary, pendulous, with a fleshyalbnmen and thin testa ; embryo straight, nearly as long as the albumen, the radicle snpe- rior and shorter than the flat cotyledons. — Trees shrubs or very rarcly herbs. Leaves opposite or rarely alternate, entire or slightly lobcd, without stipules. Flowers usually small, in axillary or terminal lieads cymes or corymbose panicles. VOL. III. 2 c 386 LVITI. CORNACEiE. A small Onler, ^euerally scattered over tlic filobe, but inost al)iuulaiit iii the temperate rcioiis of the uorthcrn h('iiiis])liere. It is represeiitcd in Austialia hy a siiiicle ^ciius comuiou to°tropical Asia and AtVica, and belongingto the sinall scctioii oi AhvKjlea, diireriug iu alter- uate leaves aiid iii somc othcr respects from thc majority of thc Order. 1. MARLEA, Roxb. (Rhytidandra, A. Graij ; Pseudalangium, F. Muell.) Calyx-lirab minutely toothed. Petals iiarrow-linear. Stamens the same number as petals, the' filaments adhering to the petals at the base aiul con- necting them in an apparently tubuhar corolla ; anthers adnate, long and linear. Ovary 1- or 2-celled ; style filiforra, with a 2- or 4-lobed or capitate stigma. Drupe often reduced to 1 ceil and seed.— Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate. Flowers iu axillary cyraes. Besides the Australian species, which is also in the islands of the South Pacific, there are three others iii tropical Asia and Africa. 1. M. vitiensis, BmtJi. A tree, attaining a considerable height, gla- brous or tlie young branches pubesceut or villous. Leaves ovate ovate-lau- ceohite or oblong, shortly acuminate, more or less oblique and unequal at the base or rarcly equal, 3 to 5 in. long, ghibrous or sh'ghtly pubesceut under- neath in thenormal form. Flowers in short axillary cymes on slender pe- duncles, rarely rauch exceeding the petioles. Calyx-limb cup-shaped, about f line diameter. Petals 4 to 6, varying in length Iroui 4 to 6 lines, conuected by tiie stamens up to from ^ to | tlieir lcugtli, revolutc at the ends. Fiia- nients villous; anthers about the length of thc corolla, the valves involute, dividin"- cach cell into 2 before tliey open and marked with transverse cou- strictions, wliich give theni the appearance of being charabered. Disk cup- shaped, enclosing the basc of thc style. Style divided at the end into 2 linear stigmatic lobes. Ovary l-celled \vi.'h 1 ovule. Drupe ovoid, aboUt \ in. ]oiig. — llhytidandru vitietms, A. Gray, Eot. Amer. Expl. Exped. i. 303. t. 28, and in Proc. Amer. Acad. vi. 5.5 ; Pseiidalniifilum poli/osmoides, F. Muell. Fragm. ii. 84; liltijtidandra polijosmoides, F, Muell. Fragm. ii. 176. Queensland, EockiHgham Bay, DaUachy. N. S. TVales. Clarcucc river, heckler, C. Moore ; llichmond river, BecUer. Var. tomeiitosa. Softly villous all over, or the uppcr side of thc leavcs alone iilabrous, riowers villous, the pctals niore dccply free thaii usual. — Pitzroy river, Tliozet ; Rockhamp- toii, BaUachij; Moreton Bay, IF. lUU. Tlie apparently chambcred anthcrs are not really so, aud traces of the coustrictions may ofteii be sccn in M. hegoiiifoUa, the lattcr ditfcrs also in thc large thick disk, the 2-cellcd ovary, and shortly 4-lobed stylc ; biit M. harhata has Ihe tliick disk witli a 1-ccllcd ovary and 2- lobcd slylc, aiid au niiiiublislicd ISIalnyan specics has a sinall disk, with a l-ccUcd ovary, and almost ciitirc stylc, all thcsc distiuctioiis proviiig tliiis to be spccitic, uot geiicric. Ordeu LIX. LORANTHACE^. Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary, tlie liuib with as raany lobcs or tceth as petals, or Ibrmiug an cntire border, or nonc. Petals (or seginents of the pe- riantli when thc calyx is inconspicuous) 4 to C or rarely morc, Iree or imited in a lobed corolla, iuscrLed round an epigynous disk, valvatc in tlic Imd, rarcly wautiug. Stamcns as raauy as pclals, opposite to aud usually inscrtcd on LIX. LORANTIIACE.l';. 387 theni. Ovavy iiiferior, l-celled, with 1 erect ovule, usually not perceptible till the flowcring- is past, and achrate to the wall of the ccll so as to have been (lescribed as pentlulous ; style or stigma siuiple. Fruit an indehisceut berry or drupe, with a siugle seed. Albumen tleshy. Erabryo straight, wilh a superior radicle. — Shrubs, usually much branched, parasitical on the branclu s of trees and shrubs, sometimes so near their roots as to appear terrestrial, very rarely (only in two Australian species) really terrestrial shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite or rarely alternate, usually tliick and leathery or sometimes fleshy, someliraes reduced to minute scales or none. Bracts usually one under each flower or pedicel, with 2 bracteoles close under the flower, concave or united iu a little cup, having the appearance of an external calyx, or the bracteoles or very rarely the bracts also wanting. A eousiderable Order, chiefly abuiidaiit within or near the tropics both iu the New and the Old World, with a very few species from more temperate regions in the northern as well as in tiie southern hemisphere. Of the five Australian geuera, two have a very wide range over nearly the whole area of the Order, the other three are endemic. In the arrangement and delimitation of the groups, I have heen guided by Professor 01iver's careful study of the Order in Journ. Liun. Soc. vii. Calys-border distinct. Anthers oblong or liuear, with parahel cells openiug lougitudinally. Flowers (in Australiau species) elongated, hermaphrodite. Terrestrial tree. Fruit broadly 3-vvinged 1. NuYTSiA. Terrestrial shrub. Fruit a drupe, the endocarp with 8 internal ridges corresponding with furrows in the seed 2. Atkinsonia. Parasitical shrubs. Fruit succulent. Seed not furrowed . . . . 3. Loranthus. Perianth apparently simple. Anthers broad, opening transversely or iu pores. riowers very small, unisexual. Anthers sessile ou the perianth-segments, opening inwards in several pores. Plants glabrous, leafless or leafy 4. ViscuM. Anthers at the base of the perianth-segments, openiug trausversely. Plauts leafy, hoary or tomeutose 5. Notothixos, 1. NUYTSIA, E. Br. Flowers of Loranthus. Petals free. Anthers versatile. Fruit a dry drupe or nut, with 3 broad longitudinal wings. — Terrestrial tree. Leaves alternate. Flowers racemose. The geuus is limited to a single species, eudemic in Australia. 1. N. floribunda, R. Br. in Journ. Geogr. Soc. i. 17 ; Boi. Works, i. 308. A tree of 30 to 35 ft., quite glabrous, with spreading branches. Leaves linear, acute or obtuse, raostly l^ to 3 in. long, entire, thick, the lower ones of the new shoots reduced to small scales. Flowers orange-yellow, in showy racemes crowded at the ends of the branches. Pedicels ^ to | in. long, with 3 lanceolate obtuse bracts (1 bract and 2 bracteoles) close under the flower, small at the tirae of flowering, often enlargiug afterwards. Calyx-Iimb un- equally 6-toothed. Petals 6, linear, nearly \ in. long. Fruit about \ in.. long, tlie wings short and thick. Embryo with 3 or 4 unequal cotylcdons. — Lindl. Swan Kiv. App. t. 4 ; Fenzl in Hueg. Enuni. .57 ; Miq. in PI. Preiss, i. 279 ; Oliv. in Journ. Linn, Soc. vii. 96 ; Loranthus JlorUjuHdus, Labill. PI. Nov. Holl. i. 87. t. 113. ■^V. Australia. Kiug George's Sound, R. Broun and others, aud theuce to Swau River, Brummoud, \st Coll., Preiss, n. 1608, and othe)'s, and Murchison rivcr, Oldjield. 2 c 2 388 LIX. LORANTHACE^, 2. ATKINSONIA, F. Muell. Flowers of Lorantluis. Petals free. Anthers versatile. Friiit a drupe, not wiugecl, the eudocarp hard, with 8 longitudiual internal ribs protruding into as many deep furrows of the seed. — Terrestrial shrub. Leaves alternate. Flowers iu axillary racemes. The gcnus is limitcd to a single species, eudemic in Australia. J. A. ligustrina, F. Muell. Fraym. v. 34. An erect bushy shrub, at- taining 2 or 3 t't. iu barren rocky situations, twice that height in other phices. Leaves oblong-lanceohxte, obtuse, narrowed into a short petiole, mostly 1 to 1\ in. long, not tleshy, the margins often recurved. Flowers on very short pedicels, in axillary raceraes rauch shorter than the leaves. Bracteoles 2, close under the flovver, the third or subtending bract often alittle lower on the pedieel. Calyx-limb obscurely toothed. Petals usually G, occasionally 7 or 8, linear, about 3 lines long. Drupe small, ovoid-oblong, the exocarp thin. — Nuytsia liffustrina, A. Cunn. ; Liudl. Svvan Riv. App. 39 ; F. Muell. Fragm. ii. 130. N. S. MTales. Bhie Mountains, J. and R. Cunningham and others. 3. LORANTHUS, Linn. Calyx-limb short, truncate or toothed. Petals 4 to 8, free or more or les3 united in a tubular coroUa, spreading at the ends. Staraens inserted on the base of the petals ; filaraents distinct ; anthers adnate or versatilc, vvith parallel cclls opening longitudinally. Style filiform, with a terminal stigma. Fruit a bcrry, usualiy crovvned by the limb of the calyx. — Parasitical shrubs. Leaves opposite or rarely alternate. Flovvers hermaphroditc, axillary or terminal, in raceraes or cymes or solitary, long and brightly coloured, or gi-ecn at least at the tips, or, in species not Australian, sraall aiul green. Bracts in all the Australiau species solitary, sraall and concave, close uuder cach flower, without the 2 bracteoles which are in raany extra-Australian species. A very large genus, abnost wholly tropical or subtropical, in America, Africa, and Asia, with one species as far north as the south of Europe. Of the 15 Australian species, oue is connnon in Asia, another extcnds into Timor and j^erliaps over sevcral of the islands of the Indian Archipehigo ; the remainiug 13, as far as hitherto ascertained, are eudemic. Several of the Australian species, besides the Asiatic L. lonr/ijlorus, appcar to have two forms of leaves, so diiferenf in aspcct tiiat it is dillicult to faucy that thc two belong to one spccies ; the one scssile, broad, aiul deeply eordate, the other petiolate, narrow, and con- tractcd at the base. Many also, probably, vary in the colours of tlie ilower more or less red or yellow-orange, with or without green tips or the grcen extending to below the middle. The notes ofthe collectors on the trccs on whicii the several species grow, are so varied that there seems to bc no evidencc that particnlar species affcct particuhu- trees. The most commouly noted are Eucahjpius, Casuarina, and Exocarpns, but Acacia, Banlcsia, Mela- leuca, Fusanus, and many otiiers are also mentioned as feeding species of Loranthus. Anthers versatilc, oblong. Petals frec. Leaves opposite. Inflo- reseence mostly terminal. Leaves petiolale, thick, from shoi-t and obovate.to long lanceo- late and falcate. Cymes sevcral-tJowered 1. L. celastroides. Leaves smali, sessile or nearly so. Pcdunelcs slender, 2-fiowered. Lcaves lincar, narrowed at the basc 2. L. Bidwillii. Leaves ovate, rounded at the base 3. Z-. myrtifolius. Loranikus.'] lix. lorantiiace/E. 389 Anthers adnate, linear. Petals luiited to the middle or higher up. Leaves alternate or opposite. Inflorescence axillary. Flowers several, in racemes 4. L. longiflorus. Flowers several, in eymes. Flowers and inf]oresceuce glabrous. Calyx-linib truncate, much shortcr than the adnate tube. Leaves liuear or liuear-Linceolate. S. coast ])iant . . . 5. Z. anrjnstifolius. Leaves obovate to oblong. N. S. Wales and Queenshuid plant. Cymes rather loose, shortly pedunculate 6. Z. dicti/ophlebus. Cymes rcJuced to a sessile chister ^. L. ali/.rifolius. Flowers aud inllorescence hoary-tomentose. Calyx-limb 5- toothed, nearly as long as the adnate tube. Cymes sessile, few-llowered 8. 2/. odontocahjx. Flowers solitary or in pairs. Leaves mostly opposite, coriaccous. Leaves terete, slender 9. Z. linearifolius. Leaves tiat, froni narrow-linear to obloug-cuneate . . . 10. L. Exocarpi. Leaves all alternate, thin. Pedicels slender 11. Z. acacioides. Anthers aduate, linear. Petals free. Leaves mostly opposite. Flowers in clusters of 2, the elusters iu axillary racemes . . . 12. Z. signatus. Flowers iu loose terminal cymes 13. L. maytenifolius. Flowers in axillary cymes (or umbels), the common peduncle with 2 to .5 divergiug or divaricate umbellate brauchcs. Branches of the peduucle (usually 3 or 4) bearing each a siugle tlower 14. L. sanguineus. Peduncle twice forked with 1 flower to each branch . . .15. L. bifurcaius. Branches of the peduncle usuaily 3 or 4, each beariug 3 fiowers. Leaves terete 16. L. linophyUus. Leaves flat. Lateral flowers of the 3, or all 3, pedicellate. Plant gla- brous Yl. L. pendulus. Flowers all 3 closely sessile. Plant more or less hoary- tomentose, at ieast the calyx 18. Z. Quandang. Flowers sessile on the dilated apex of the peduncle, between 3 large bracts or floral leaves 19. Z. grandibracteus. ]. L. celastroides, 8'ieh. in Boem. and Schult. Si/st. vii. 163. Glabrous. Leaves oppositc, from obovate or ovate, 1 to 2 in. long to cuneate-oblong lanceolate or almost linear, and 4 in. long or more, and wlien narrow often falcate, obtuse or very rarely ahnost acute, narrowcd into a petiole. Flowers in loose terminal tricliotomous cymes, shortly pedunculate and ahvays shorter than the hnst leaves, sometimes appearing axillary from tlie sliortness of the flowering-branch. Calyx-border scarccly prominent, obscurely sinuate- toothed. Petals 5 or 6, free, about l^ in. long. Anthers versatile, oblong. — DC. Prod. iv. 318; A. Gray, Bot. Amer. ExpL Exped. i. 74-0. t. 100; F. MuelL Eep. Burdek. Expecl. 13; Z. excalyptifoUns, Sieb. in Koem. and Schult. Syst. vii. 163, not of H. B. and K. ; L. eucahjptpides, DC. Prod. iv. 318 ; A. Gray, Bot. Amer. ExpL Exped. i. 741 ; F. Muelh PL Vict. t. 30. Queensland. Brisbane river, Moreton Bay, F. MueUer. N. S. Wales. Port Jackson to the Blue Mountains, R. Brovm, Sicber, n. 242 and 244, and olhirs ; northward to CLarence river, Beckler, and southward to Twofold Bay, Mossman. Victoria. On ihe Yarra, F. Mneller, Robertson ; Lake King, F. Mueller. 390 Lix. LORANTiiACEiB. [Lorani/ius. The broad-lcavcd si^ecimens (/>. celctstroides) are specially noteil as growing on Banksia and Casuariiia, and the narrow-leavcd (Z. eucalyptoides) on Eucali/ptus and Casuarina. In l}cclase of the pctals, not adnatc, trausverscly 2-lobc(l iuside, willi parallel lol)es obscurely loeellate. Stigma sessilc. Fruit a l-seeded bcrry. — Parasitical (iicluitouious slirubs, niore or lcss covcred witli Noiothixos.] lix. lokanthace.t:. - .397 a golden or hoary tomentum, rarely at length nearly glabrous. Leavos op- posite, flat, 3- or 5-nerved, biit the nerves often obscure. Stipules rainute, rigid, acute. Flowers miuute, sessile in little pedunculate heads, solitary or several on a common terminal peduucle. The genus is eudemic in Australia. The three species distinguished by Olivev are uuited into oue by F. MueUer (Fragm. ii. 109, aud iv. 173). It is possible that N. suhaureus may prove to be a remarkable variety of N. incanus, which is ouly kuovvn from specimens with imperfectly-developed infloresceuce, bul as yet intermediate forms have not been observed an N. cormfolius appears to me in all states to be quite distinct. As in the case of Viseums, they are found sometimes parasites on species of LorantJius. Leaves small, ciineate or spathulate. Flower-heads solitary (or iu threes?). Plant hoary 1. N. incanus. Leaves ovate. Flovv-er-heads in threes. PLiut more or less goldeu- tomeutose . . . . • 2. N. suhaurens Leaves obovate-oblong or broadly cuneate. Flower-heads in a terminal raccme. Plant hoary or nearly glabrous 3. iV^. cornifoUus. • 1. N. incanus, Ollv. hi Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 104. Densely branched aud hoary with a miuute tomentum, the branchlets much flattened below the leaves, the okler branches terete. Leaves obloug-cuueate or spathulate, uai'- rowed into a petiole, very obtuse aud rarely mucronulate, ^ to f in. loug or rarely more, the nerves faiut or incouspicuous. Flower-heads solitary (or sometimes 3 together?) on very short terminal peduncles, usually with few fiowers, the females about ^ line long, the males cousiderably smaller. Fruits about 3 lines long. — Viscum incanum, Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 73. Queensland. Brisbaue river, Moretou Bay, Fraser, F. Mueller. 2. N. subaureus, Oliv. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 103. Divaricately branched, the youug parts and under side of the leaves densely covered wilh a more or less golden tomentum. Leaves ovate, obtuse, narrowed into a short petiole, mostly about |- to 1 in. long. Flower-heads 3, tlie common peduncle very short, each partial oue -^ lo ^ in. long, the lateral ones very divaricate or recurved, the flowers miuute and sessile. — Viscum subaureuiii., Y. Muell. in Herb. Hook. Queensland. Brisbane river, Moreton Bay, F. Mueller; Ipswich, Vernet. N. S. '^Vales, C. Moore. Blue Mountains, Miss Atkinson ; Lake Macquarrie, BacJc- house; Twofold Bay, F. Mueller. 3. N. cornifolius, OUv. in Journ. Linn, Soc. vii. 103. A larger spe- cies than the two preceding oues, the young parts hoary-tomentose, becom- ing at length nearly glabrous ; branches terete. Leaves obovate-oblong or oblong-cuneate, obtuse, narrowed into a short petiole, mostly l^ to 2 in. long. Flower-heads several, opposite, in pairs, in a terminal raceme nearly as long as the leaves, with minute bracts both under the short peduncles and under the heads. Flowers sessile in the heads, the females not ^ liue long, the males still smaller. Queensland. Brisbane river, Moreton Bay, A. Cunningham, Fraser. N. S. 'Wales. Port Jackson, /. B. IlooJcer ; Upper Huuter river and Livcrpool Plaius, A. Cuniiiiic/Jiam ; Richmoud aud Clarence rivers, BecJcler. 398 Order lx. CAPRIFOLIACE^. Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary, tlie linib sliort, truiicate or of -i or 5 rarely more lobes or teetli. Corolla gamopetalous, inserted round tlie epigynous disk ; lobes 4 or 5 rarely 3, imbricate in thc bud. Stamens as mauy as lobes of the corolla, alternate with them, inserted in the tube ; anthers versatihi Avith parallel cells opeuing longitudinally. Ovary inferior, 2- to 5-ce.lled or rarely 1-celled, with 1 or more pendulous ovules in each cell. Stigmas as many as cells, or united into one, sessile or on a single tiliform style. Fruit an indehiscent berry, or rarely dry, 1- to 5-cellcd. Seeds 1 or more in each cell. Embryo in the axis of a fleshy albumen ; radicle superior, cotyledons oval or ol)long. — Trees, shrubs, or climbers, rarely lierbs. Leaves opposite, usually without stipules, simple or rarely pinnate. A rather small Order, chiefly dispersed over the temperate rcjjions of the northern hcmi- sphere, with a very few tropical or southern spccies, represented in Australia by a single genus having a wide range in thc northern heinisphere, and remarkable for its pinnate leayes. Many other genera scarcely dilTer from RtibiacecE except iu the want of stipulcs. 1. SAMBUCUS, Linn. Calyx-limb of 3 to 5 small teeth. Corolla with a very sliort tube, and 3 to 5 lobes, spreading so as to appear rotate. Stamens inserted at the base of the corolla. Ovary 3- to 5-celled with 1 pendulous ovule in each cell, stigma sessile, 3- to 5-lobed. Fruit a berry-like drupe, with 3 to 5 seed-like pyrenes, each containing a single seed. — Trees, slu-ubs, or tall herbs. Leaves opposite, pinnate. Flowers white or yellow, rather small, in hirge terminal corymbose cymes. The geuus is widely dispersed ovcr Europe, tempcratc Asia, aud North America. The Australian species are both eudcmic, but ncarly corrcspoud to the two commouest of fhe northern ones. Shrub or tree. Leavcs without stipule-like lobes. Fhiivers mostly 3-merous. Bcrries yellovv \. S. xanthocarpa. Tall shrub. Lowcst lcaflets of cach leaf close to thc stem, short and broad, lookiug like stipules. Flowers mostly 4-merous. Berries white • 2. jS. Gauclichaudiana. 1. S. xanthocarpa, i^. Muell. in Hook. Kew Journ. viii. 145, and in Tranc. llul. Insl. Vict. i. 42 ; Pl. Vict. t. 29. A tall shrub or small tree, quite glabrous. Leaflets 3 or 5, all petioluLate, the lower pair sometimes again divided into 2 or 3 each, lanceolate or ovate-huiceolate, acuminate, nar- rowed at tlie base, acutely but not dccply serrate or ahnost entire, mostly 2 to 3 in. long. Primary branches of the corymb umbelhite, the otliers cymose. Flowers mostly 3-nierous, rarely 4-merous, yellow (Mitc/iell). Berries yellow (F. Mitetler). — Tripeteliis australasicus, Lindl. in Mitch. ThreeExped. ii. 14. Queensland. Brisbnnc river, Moreton Bay, F. MueUer, and otlieis. N. S. 'Wales, A. Cunningham. Blnc ]\louutains, Miss Alkinson ; uorthward to llastings and ('larence rivers, Bec/cler ; "southward to lllawarra, F.Mueller; in the iuterior to Laclilau river, Mitchell. 2. S. Gaudichaudiana, BC. Prod. iv. 322. Stems from a perennial stock hcrbaccous, crcct, 3 to 5 ft. liigh, glabrous as well as the rcst of tlie Sainbuctis.'] Lx. CAPUIFOLIACE.e. 399 plant. Leaflcts 5 to 11, sessile or pctiolulate, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, coarscly and acutely toothed, 2 to 5 in. loug, the lowest of eacli leaf close to the stem, short, broad, and toothed, reseinbling leafy stipules. Priiriary hranches of the coryinb umbeUate, tlie others cyniose. Flowers mostly 4- merous. Berries oblong, white. — Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 164, Queensland. Brisbane river, Moretou Bay, Fitzalati. N. S. Wales. Paramatta, IFooUs. Victoria. Yarra Yarra, Cape Otvvay, Apollo Bay, F. Mueller ; Portland, AlUtt ; ■\Venclu valley, Tlobertson ; Wimmera, Ballachy. Tasmania. Dense shady woody raviues and alluvial flats iu Ihc uorthern parts of the colouy, ./. B. Ilooker. S. Australia. Mouut Gauibier, F. Maeller. Order lxi. RUBIACE^. Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary ; the limb entire or with as maiiy teeth lobes or divisions as lobes of the corolla, rarely more, fewer or none. CoroUa gamopetalous, inserted round the epigynous disk; lobes 4, 5 or sometimes more, rarely only 3, either imbrieate (often contorted) or valvate in the bud. Staniens as many as lobes of the coroEa, alternating with tiiem and inserted in the tube ; anthers versatile, with parallel cells opening longitudinally. Ovary inferior, 2- or more-celled, vvith 1 or more ovules in each cell, rarely 1-ceIled with parietal placentas, or reduoed to one 1-ovulate cell; style raore or less divided into as many stigmatic lobes as carpels to the gyufficium, or undivided with a thickened entire or notched stigma. Fruit a capsule, drupe, berry or indehiscent nut. Seeds with a fleshy or horny alburaen, and rather small straight enibryo with flat cotyledons, or rarely with little or no albumen, and cylindrical embryo with semiterete cotyledons. — Trees, shrubs, herbs, or rarely climbers. Leaves opposite or whorled. Stipules interpe- tiolar, eitlier free or connate with the petioles in a sheath ,bordered by cilia or leaf-like lobes, or with one or two points on each side, or connate within the petioles in a short sheath or ring round the stem. Inflorescence various, usually more or less cyraose, axillary or terminal. Flowers occasionally polygamous or unisexual, especially in Gmttardeod and Anthospermece. A very large Order, dispersed over every part of the globe; the Cinchonea and Cojfeete, with few exceptions, tropical or subtropical ; the SlellatcB chieily inhabitiug the niore tem- perate or cold regious. Of the 29 Australiau geuera 2, belougiug to Stellatis, are thosc which have the widest range in that tribe ; 2, Nertera and Coprosma, range more or less over the extratropical or raountain regions of the southern hemisphere ; 8 exteud over the tropical or subtropical regions both of the New and the Old World ; 6 are commou to tro- pical Africa and Asia; 7 are limited to tropical Asia or exteud into the Pacitic Isles or the islauds of the W. coast of Africu; 4 ouly ai'e endemic in Australia, and of those 4, 3 are mouutypic. . TuiDF, I. Cinchonese. — Leaves opposite or rarehj whorled, with small or meniiranous stipules hetween or inside of thein. Ooules several in each cell of the ovary. SuBTRiBE I. Naucleese. — Flowers very numeroits, closely packcd in glohular headson a small receptacle. Ovules pendulous or imhricate on a pendulous placentu. Fruits cap- sular or rarely Jleshy, not pulpi/. — Trees or shruhs. Calyxes coucrcte, formiug iu fruit a hard fieshy niass. Petals imbricate 1. SAKCOCEPHALtis. 400 LXI. RUBIACE/E. SuBTniiiK II. Hedyotidese. — Floicers hi cymes, c//is/ers, or solilary. Corolla-lohes valvate. Ovules aitached to an ajcile or hasal placenia. Fruit capsular or separaiinff into dry cocci. — Herhs, undershruhs, or rarely skruhs. Capsiile ovoid or globular, or separaling into hard cocci. Flowers 4-merous. Petals entire . ". 2. Hedyotis. Flovvers 5-nierous. Petals 2- or 3-toothed 3. Dentella. Capsnle broader than long, much compressed 4. Ophiokuhiza, SuBTRiBE III. Gardeniese. — Floivers in cymes, clnsters, or solitary. CoroUa-lohes imhricate. Ovules attached to an axile or parietal placenta. Fruit succulent, indehisceni. Ovary 1-cclled, with 2, 3 or more parietal prominent placentas. Stipules connate within the petioles. luflorescence usually terminal 5. Gakdenia. Ovary 2-celled (rarely several-cclled) vvith axile placeutas. Stipules interpetiohir. riowers 5-merous. Inflorescence asillary. Ovules imbedded iu a fleshy phicenta . fi. Randia. Corymbs terminal. Ovules not imbedded in theplacenta . . 7. Webera. Flowers 4-merous. Ovules few (sometimcs only 2 perfect) ou a peltate placeuta. Inflorescence axillary or terminal .... 8. Diplospoka. Tribe II. CofFeese. — Leaves opposite or rarely whorled, with small or memhranous stipules hetween or inside of them. Ovnles solitary or very rarehj 2 collateral in each cell cif the ovary, rarely several io each carpel sejjaruted hy spurious septa. Cells of the fruii or pyrenes ahvays \-seeded. SuBTRiBE I. Zxorese. — Corolla-lobes imhricate {nsually contorted). Ovules late- rally attached, usually peltate. Fruil a herry or drupe. Albumen copious. — Trees or shruhs 9. IxORA. SuBTKiBE 11. Guettardese. — CoroIIa-Iobes imhricate. Ovules suspended from the summit of Ihe normal or spurious cells. Fruit a drupe, the nucleus or pyrenes usnally hard. Alhumen little or none. — Trees or shrubs. Flowers in forked cymes or solitary, rarely timhellate. Uniovnlate spurious cells of the ovary and pyrenes of the fruit niuch more nuraerous than the style-lobes, superposed in several serics . 10. Timonius. Uniovulate spurious cells of the ovary 2 to each normal cell and style- lobe, supcrposcd, thc uppcr ovnle erect, tlic lower onc suspendcd . 11. Scyphiphoka. Cells 1-ovulate of thc same numbcr as the style-lobes. Corolla-tube slendcr, limb spreading. Ovary 2-cclled 12. Antikkhcea. Ovary several-cellcd. Calyx-limb lobed 13. Guettakdella. Calyx-limb cupular, truncate, or obscnrely toothcd . . . .14. Guettakda. Corolla-tube ovoid, lobes very small. Flowcrs umbeliate . . .15. Hodgkinsonia. Subtkibe III. Vangueriese. — CoroIIa-lohes valvafe. Ovules lateralhj attached at or near the top. Fruit a herry-Iike drupe loith \-seeded pyrenes. Albumen copious. — Trees or shrubs. Flowers in axillary cymcs or chisters. Ovary 2-cclled 16. Canthium. SuBTRiBE IV. Psychotriese. — CoroIIa-Iobes valvate. Ovules erect from the hase or lateralli) attached below the middle. Style-Iohes short. Fruit a herry-Iike drtipe with \-seeded pyrenes. Alhumen copious. — Trees or shrubs. Flovvers in globular hcads, the calyx-tnbes concrete or immerscd iu the reoeptaclc. Ovnles oftcn tvvice as many as style-lobes. Fruit compound, pulpy, with 1-seeded pyrenes 17. Morinda. Flowers and fruits quite distinct. Ovules and 1-secdcd pyrenes 4, style-lobes 4 18. Ccelospekmum. LXI. RUBIACE.E. 401 Ovules and 1-seeded pyrenes of the same uumber as tlie style-lobes. Ovary-cells, pyreues, and style-lobes 4 or more. Flowers iu a.tillary sessile clusters 19. Lasianthus. Ovary-cells, pyrenes, and style-lobes 2. Flowers in terminal cymes or corymbs 20. Psychotria. SuBTRiBE V. Anthospermese. — CoroUa-lohes valvate. Ovules erect froni the base. Style-lohes very long. Fridt a berry-like drupe, Albumen copious. — Shrubs, rarely trees or herbs. Flowers ofteu unisexiial or pohjgamous. Shrubs, erect or creeping. Flowers clustered or solitary, uuisexual or polygamous 21. Coprosma. Sleuder creeping perennial herbs. Flowers solitary, hermaphrodite, or polygamous 22. Nertera. SuBTRiBE VI. Operculariese. — CoroUa-lohes vahate. Ovules erect from the base, usuaUy one onhj to each foicer. StyJe-lobes long. Fruit capsutar, 2-valved. Atbumen copious. — Ilerbs, nndershrubs, or rarely small shruhs. Flowers in simple or compound heads, the calys-tubes connate. Outer valves of the fruits of each partial head connate in a persistent cup, inner valves of the same fruits connate in a deciduous oper- culum. Flower-heads connate in a compound head or rarely solitary . . 23. Opercularia. Flower-heads several iu an umbel 24. Pomax. Flowers in a globular head, bnt not connate. Fruits separately 2- valved 25.Eleuthranthes. SuBTRiBE VII. Spermacocese. — Corolla-lobes valvate. Ovutes variously lateraUy attached to the a.ris, the ovary usually perfectly 2-ceUed. Style-lobes short. Fruit capsular, or indehiscent and dry. Albumen copious. — Herbs, undershrubs, or rarely shrubs. Flowers in terminal cymes. Ovules attached at or near the top. Cocci separating at the base only, falling off together, leaving a persistent subulate axis 26. Knoxia. Flowers in termiual heads or lateral clusters. Ovules attached at or below the middle. Capsule opening septicidally 27. Spermacoce. Tribe III. Stellatse. — Calyx whoUy adnate without any visible border (in the Aus- tralian genera). Corolla-tohes valvate. Ovary 2-ceUed, with 1 ovule in each celt. Fruit small, indehiscent. — Herbs, rarety undershrubs. Stipules similar to the leaves, and con- nected with them by a short sheath or ring, forming whorls of 4: or more, very rarely fonly in 2 Australian species) reduced to the 2 teaves. Corolla fuunel-shaped, with a distinct tube 28. Asperula. CoroIIa nearly rotate, with scarcely any tube 29. Galium. The above subtribes will be found probably to comprehend the whole of the Order, except the Eucinchonea and Rondeletiece, which, numerous in tropical America, less so in Africa, Asia, and the Pacific Islands, are, as far as hitherto known, imreprcsented in Australia. Tribe I. CiNCHONEiE. — Leaves opposite or rarely whorled, with small or merabranoiis stipules between or iiiside of them. Ovules several in each cell of the ovary. SuBTRiBE I. NAUCLEE.aE. — Flowers very numerous, closely packed in globular heads on a small receptacle. Ovules pendulous or imbricate on a pendulous placenta. Fruits capsiilar or rarely fleshy, not pulpy. — Trees or shrubs. This subtribe is a very natural one, although it includes geuera with imbricate and with VOL. III. 2 D 402 LXI. RUBIACFif:. valvate corollas, aiid with pedicellate as well as sessile flowers. The only Australiaii repre- sentative belongs to a genus somewhat auomalous in the fruits forming a compound succu- lent head, but very difTcrent from that of Murinda or of Operciilarin, in which the calyx- tubes are connate at the base or immersed in the receptacle ; wliilst in Sarcocephalus it is the upper part of the calyx-tubes and epigynous disks that are tleshy and connate ; the lower portion is often dry and never pulpy. 1. SARCOCEPHALUS, Afz. (Platauocarpus, Korth.) Flowers densely packed in a globular head, the calyxes cohering. CoroUa- tuhe slender ; lobes 4 or 5, spreading, slightly imbricate in the bud. Anthers nearly sessile at the mouth of the corolla-tube. Ovary 2-ceiled, with several linear ovides in each cell inversely imbricate on a linear placenta, pendulous from the top of tlie cell. Style much exserted, with 2 short stigmatic lobes. Fruits connate in a dense globular mass, fleshy when fresh, hard when dry, but capsular at the base. Seeds 1 or 2 in each cell, not winged. Albumen abundant. — Trees or shrubs. Stipules interpetiolar, membranous, very de- ciduous. Flower-heads solitary on terminal peduncles. The genus is spread over tropical Africa aud Asia, the Australian species having a wide range in E. India and the Archipelago. 1. S. cordatus, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. ii. 133. A handsome tree, either quite ghabrous or tlie leaves softly pubescent underneath. Leaves broadly ovate, obtuse, rounded, cuneate or (in specimens not Australian) broadly cordate at the base, from 4 or 5 in. to twice that length. Stipules large, broad, obtuse, but so deciduous as to be rarely seen. Flowers (yellow) in dense globular heads above 1 in. diameter Avithout the styles. Calyx-limb shortly campanulate, with 4 or 5 stipitate clavate gland-like lobes. Corolla- tube slender, about 2 lines long ; lobes abont half that length, obtuse. Style very long, with a thick ovoid shortly 2-lobed stigma. Fruits united in a hard globular mass of above 1 in. diameter, pitted and rough w^ith the re- raains of the more or less succulent calyxes and disks. Seeds either 1 oblong, or 2 superposed and truncate iu each cell. — Nauclea coadunata, Sm. in Rees Cycl. xxiv. ; DC. Prod. iv. 344 ; A'. undidata and N. cordata, Eoxb. Fl. Ind. i. 508, 509 ; Sarcocephalus midulatus, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. ii. 133. N. Australia. Glenclg rivcr, N.VV. coast, Herb. llooker ; Victoria river, F. Mueller. Queensland. Rockhamplon, Dallachy ; Port Dcnison, Fitzalan. Thc spcci(S is also iu Ceyion and iu tlie Archipelago. — N. Bartlinyii, DC. Prod. iv. 344, or Sarcoiephalus Bartlingii, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. ii. 133, is probably thc form with pubes- cent leaves. SuBTRiBE II. HEDYOTiDEiE. — Flowers iu cymes, clusters, or solitary, CoroUa-Iobes valvate. Ovides attached to an axile or basal placenta. Fruit capsular or separating into dry cocci. — Herbs, undershrubs, or rarely shrubs. This subtribc is eharacterized especially with reference to the genera represented in Aus- tralia, and sonie others uearly related to them. It is possible that it may require some modification to mark rnore accurately the line of separatiou from the RoudeletiecE aud Eucinchonece, LXi. rubiace.t;. 403 2. HEDYOTIS, Liiin. (Oldenlandia, Linn. ,- Iloustonia, Linn. ; Metabolos, Blume.) Calyx-limb of 4 (very rarely 5) persistent tceth or lobes. Corolla-tube sliort or slender, of 4 (very rarely 5) lobes, valvate iu the bud. Anthers usu- ally exserted frora the tube. Ovary 2-(rarely 3- or 4-)celled, with several ovules in each cell, attached to placentas arisiug from near the base. Style entire or with 2 (rarely 3 or 4) stigmatic lobes. Capsule globular or ovoid, sometiraes more than half-superior, the carpels separating septicidally, and indehiscent or locidicidally 2-valved, or the whole capsule loculicidally 2-valved, the valves remaiuing entire or splittiug septicidally. — Herbs, under- shrubs, or rarely climbers. Stipules interpetiolar, united with the petioles in a short sheath or alraost free, either truncate or ovate, entire or friuged with bristle-like subulate lobes. A large genus, widely spread over tropical and subtropical Asia and Africa, with a few American species. Of the nine Australian species, one or perhaps tvro are commou in India and the Archipelago, the others appear to be endemic. The two Linnscau genera Hedyotis and Oldenlandia were united by Wight and Arnott, whom Torrey and Gray followed addiug athird Linna^an genus Hoitstonia, and many smaller ones established by Bhime and others come within Ihe limits thus assigned to Hedijotis. I had subsequently thought that good characters might be found conformable to habit for separating Hedyotis from Oldenlandia. A. Gray has, however, shown that Houstonia is still more distiuct in the seeds, but that it would require adding to it species of Anotis and Hedyotis, and that there are intermediate forms between Hedyotis and Oldentandia, and going through all the sections it must be admitted that the adoptiou of the three genera would produce very unnatural groups. As, moreover, amongthe Australian species the three genera are represented by species having all the true Olden/andia habit, it appears to be better to retiu-n to the union as proposed by Wight and Aruott aud by Torrey aud Gray. Capsule hard, indehiscent or separable into 2 indehiscent cocci. Coarse plant. Flowers nimierous, in sessile axillary clusters . \. H. auricularia. Capsule slightly protruding from the calyx-tnbe, and opening loculi- cidaily, or both septicidally and loculicidally. Leaves narrow- linear. Pedicels slender, solitary, or 2 or 3 together. Sleuder, erect, rigid, and virgate. Corolla-lobes longer than the tube. Capsule loculicidal only 2. H. c. H. galioides. Capsule at least half-snperior, opening in 4 valves. Corolla divided aimost to the base, and often persisteut. Seeds angular, or if peltate not concave. Very small much- branched annuals or perennials. Leaves linear, mucronate-acute. Calyx-lobes mucronate-acute as long as the corolla. Annual of 2-3 in 5. H. scleranthoides. Leaves oblong, obtuse, petiolate. Flowers about 1 line long. Calyx-lobes minute, distant. Annual, under 1 in. . . . 6. H. elatinoides. Leaves linear, obtuse. Flowers about 2 line long. Calyx- lobes obtuse, shorler than the corolla. Perenuial of 2-3 in. 7. H. tillcEacea. CoroUa-lobes shorter than the tube. Seeds broad, concave, peltately attached by a prominent rib on the inner face. Perennials with linear leaves. Pedicels slender. Corolla-tube nearly 2 lines long ..,.%. H. trachjmenioides. Pedicels very short. CoroUa-tube 1 line long 9. .0". pterospora. 2 D 2 ^O-t i'Xi. RUBIACE.E. \^IIc'dyotis. There are also speciinens of a distinct Hedi/otis froni Sturt's Creek, F. MneJler, but too impcrfeet for description. 1. H. auric\ilaria, Linn. ; DC. Prod. iv. 420. A decumbent straggling herb of 1 to 3 ft., tlie branches hairv or pubescent all round or on the oppo- site sides only or almost glabrous. Leaves shortly petiolate, ovate-lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, 1 to 3 in. long, glabrous or pubescent, with very oblique raised veins diverging from the midrib and very prominent underaeath. Stipules short, with long bristle-like lobes or teeth. Flowers but little more than 1 line long, in dense axillarj^ sessile clusters. Calyx-lobes snbulate and recurved, about as long as the tube, the coroUa scarcely exceeding them. Capsules small, crowned by the calyx-lobes, and quite indehiscent or rarely separating into 2 hard indehiscent cocci, each containing 4 to 6 angular seeds. — W. and Aini. Prod. 412; Benth. Fl. Hongk. 150; H. geniciilata, Roxb. ; DC. Prod. iv. 420; Metalwlos venosiis, Bhime ; DC. Prod. iv. 435. Queensland. Cape York, M' Gil/ivray.—^Yiiely spread over E. ludia, the Archipe- lago, and the islauds of the S. Pacitic. 2. H. cserulescens, F. Muell. Fragm. iv. 88. Annual (or with a pereiuiial stock V), with slender but rigid virgate stems of about 1 ft., quite glabrous. Leaves narrow-linear, acute, attaining sometimes 1 in. or even more. Pedicels in the upper axils, solitary or in pairs, or 3 or 4 on a common peduncle, the pedicels nnequal in length, forming a very in-egnlar loose terminal slightly-leafy panicle. Calyx-tube when in fiower 1 line long, the lobes much shorter. Corolla about 1 line long, deeply 4-cleft. Fruit about 2 lines long and rauch narrower, laterally compressed and furrowed at the dissepiment, truncate at the top, the capsule very slightly prominent, opening locuUcidally in 2 valves, not splitting septicidally. Seeds small and angular. Queensland. Broad Souud, R. Brown ; basaltic pastures, Mackenzie and Isaacs rivers, and Peak Dowus, F. Mneller. — This species, the only Australian one strictly beloug- ing; to the section Oldenlandia, is very closely allied to the E. ludian H. maritima, aud furthcr specimens may possibly shovv it to be a variety only. 3. H. initrasacmoides, F. Maell. Fragm. iv. 37. A slender erect dichotomous glabrous aimual of 1 ft. or more. Leaves few, narrow-linear. Stipules small, scarious, with 1 or 2 short bristle-like lobes on each side. Flowers very small, in a Joose irregular 2-3-chotoinous cyme or panicle, the Horal leaves reduced to minute bracts. Pedicels solitary or 2 together, long and llliform. Calyx very small, with miimte distant teeth. Corolla scarcely exceeding 1 line, the tube somewhat dilated upwards, the lobes rather shorter than the tube. Fruit ovoid or as broad as long, somewhat compressed, deeply furrowed at the dissepiment, l^ lines long. Capsule as long as the calyx-teeth, opening loculicidally and septicidally in 4 valves. N. Australia. Dcpot Creek aud Aruhein's Laud, F. Mueller. 4. H. galioides, F. Muell. Fragm. iv. 38. A slender diffuse much- brauched ghibrous amuial. Leaves narrow-linear. Stipules very small, with 1 or 2 small bristle-Iike lobes on each side. Pedicels filiform, axillary, solitary or 2 or 3 together. Calyx-tube globular, contracted at the orifice, the lobes acute, nearly as long as the tube, separated by narrow acute sinuses. Corolla-tube shorter than the calyx-lobes, the lobes scarcely so long as tlie Iledyotis^ LXi. rubiace.e. 405 tube. Fruit ovoid-globular, 1 line long or ratlier more, contracted at the top, furrowed at the dissepiment. Capsule scarcely protruding, the carpels separating septicidally at the top, and opening each in 2 valves. Seeds small, angidar. N. Australia. Along rivulets near M'Adam Range, F. Mueller ; S. Goulburn Island, A. Cuniibifjham. Queensland. Shoal Bay, R. Brown ; Port Curtis, M^GiHivrai/ ; Cape Race and Broad Sound, Bowmait. The plaut is undistinguishable from the slender forms of the common H. Burmanniana AV. and Arn. (flldenlandia herbacea, DC), except by the louger connivent calyx-teeth and the capsule, which are rather those of Hedyotis than of Oldenlandia. 5. H. scleranthoides, F. Muell. Fragm. iv. 39. - A divaricately- branched or diffuse glabrous annual of 2 or 3 in. Leaves linear, mucronate- acute, 3 to 4 lines long. Stipides short, usually with 2 bristle-like iobes ou each side. Flowers very small, on very sliort pedicels, solitary or 2 together in each axil. Calyx-tube exceedingly short, broadly turbinate ; lobes mucro- nate-acute, about \ line long. Corolla about as long as tlie calyx-lobes, divided nearly to tlie base. Fruit globular, scarcely f line diameter. Cap- sule half-superior, divided to the base loculicidally and septicidally into 4 valves. Seeds nearly globidar. N. Australia. Depot Creek, F. Mueller. 6. H. elatinoides, Benth. A diffuse giabrous annual, not 1 in. long in oiu' specimen. Leaves oblong, not 2 lines long, narrovved into a petiole. Stipules very short, entire or scarcely toothed. Pedicels slender, as long as the leaves or rather longer. Flowers scarcely \ line long. Calyx-tube turbi- nate, with small distant teeth. Corolla divided nearly to the base, and per- sistent as in H. tillfeacea. Capsule |- line broad, half-superior, opening loculicidally and septicidally in 4 valves. Seeds apparentiy peltate. ■W. Australia, Brummond, Mh Coll. n. 108. 7. H. tillseacea, F. Muell. Fragm. iv. 39. Perennial, much-branched, erect or diffuse, rarely exceeding 3 or 4 in., glabrous or minutely pubescent. Leaves linear or linear-oblong, mostly obtuse, rarely above ^ in. long. Sti- pules small, usually Avith 2 teeth on each side. Pedicels axillary, not ex- ceeding the leaves. Calyx-tube turbinate, not \ line long ; lobes linear, herbaceous, distant, rather longer than the tube. CoroUa broadly cainpanu- late, about 1 line long, divided nearly to the base, persistent on the ripe fruit. Capsule more than half-superior, compressed, about 1 line broad, opening loculicidally in 2 valves, not usually splitting. Seeds ovate, attached by the inner face, which is sonietimes broad and flat, sometimes narrow and prominent. Queensland. Eetween the Mackenzie aud Dawsou rivers, F. Muelter ; Suttor river, Buwman ; ])laius on the lower Marauoa, Mitchell. N. S. '\Vales. Between the Uarling river and Barrier Rauge, Victorian Expedilion. S. Australia. \Vills's Creek aud Cooper's Creek, HowitVs Expedition. 8. H. trachymenioides, F. Muell. Fragm. iv. 40. Perennial, erect, with numerous dichotonious branches, slender but rigid. Leaves linear-tili- form, the upper ones very short. Stipidar sheaths short, entire or with 1 or 406 i^xi. IIUBIACE/E. {Hedyotis. 2 sliort bi-istle-like lobes on each side. Pedicels slender iu the upper axils, forming sometimes an irregiilar panicle. Calyx-tube very short, broad, with distant leeth. Corolhi-tube slender, nearly 2 liues long; lobes much shorter. Fruit l^ lines broad and scarcely 1 line long, compressed, furrowed at the dissopiment, the capsule half exserted, opening locidicidally in 2 valves. Seeds rather numerous, orbicular, concave, thin, peltately attached by a pro- mineut ridge on the concave face. Queensland. Dawson river, F. Mueller ; Isaacs rivcr, Bowman. This aiul tlie followiug species agree perfectly with the N. Americau Houstonias in flower, fruit, aud sced, although with the habit of Oldenlandia. 9. H. pterospora, F. AlneU. Fragm. iv. 40. Perenuial, ascending or erect, much-branched, minutely pubescent or glalirous. Leaves narrow- linear. Stipular sheaths short, with 1 or 2 short bristle-like lobes on each side. Flowers mostly nearly sessile or very shortly pedicellate along the upper branchlets. Calyx about \ line long, with short distant spreading teeth. Corolla-tube slender, about 1 line long ; lobes shorter than ihe tube. Fruit about \\ b'nes broad and not nearly so long, compressed, didymous, the capsule about \ exserted, openmg loculicidally in 2 valves. Seeds few, large, orbicular, concave, so thin as to appear Uke a wing to the promiuent ridge on the concave face by which they are attached. N. Australia. Sturfs Creek, F. Mueller. 3. DENTELLA, Forst. (Lippaya, Endl.) Calyx-bmb tubuLir, 5-lobed, persistent. CoroUa-tube somewhat dilated upwards ; lobes 5, usually 2- or 3-toothed, indupbcate-valvate in the l)ud. Authers iucluded in the tube. Ovary 2-celled, with sevcral ovides in each cell, attached to a placenta arising from near the base. Style with 2 linear stigmatic lobes. Capsule globular, crowned by the calyx-limb, 2-celled, scarcely dehiscent. Seeds more or less angular. — Prostrate herb. Stipules interpetiohir, entire or ciliate. Plowers solitary, sessile in the axils or forks. The genus is limited to a single species. 1. D. repens, Forst. ; DC. Prod. iv. 419. Stems from a perennial stock, prostrate or crceping, sometimes very small, forming dense patches of 1 or 2 in., sometimes extending to 1 or 2 ft., ghibrous or hirsute with trans- parci't almost scarious hairs. Leaves from ovate or oblong obtuse and petiolate, to hmceohite or linear and acute, under \ in. aud often under \ in. long. Stipules short and scarious. Flowers sessile in the axils of the leaves or in the forks of the branches. Calyx-tulie nearly globuhir, ^ to f lines diameter, usually very hispid ; limb tubidar, membrauous, uearly 2 lines long, dividcd to about the middle into linear lobes. CoroUa 2 to 3 lines loug, the lobes shorter than the tube. Anthers linear. Capsule about l^ lines diameter, liispid with long transparent hairs. — W. and Arn. Prod. 405 ; Lippaya telephioides, Endh Atakta, 13. t. 13. N. Australia. Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown ; Fitzmaurice river and Stui-fs Crcek, F. Muclli-r. Queensland. Uawson river, F. Mueller ; Port Curtis, M'GilIivray ; Wide Bay, Bid- will ; Moretou Bav, C. Stuart. BenteUa.'] Lxi. rubiace.e. 407 N. S. Wales. Blue Mouiitaius, A. Cunnmgham. S. Australia. Betweeu Stokes llange aud Cooper's Creek, irBouall StuarVs Exjie- ditioa. The species ranges over East ludia, the Archipelago, and islauds of the S. Pacific. 4. OPHIORRHIZA, Liun. Calyx-limb of 5 persistent lobes or teeth. Corolla-tube sleuder ; lobes 5, valvate in the bud. Antliers iucUided in tlie corolla-tube. Ovary 2-celled, with several ovules in each cell, attached to a pLnceuta asceuding from near the base. Style usually iuchided, with 2 stigmatic lobes. Capsule much Hattened and very broad, ahnost 2-lobed, opening locuHcidally iu 2 valves. Seeds several, angular. — Herbs or low straggling shrubs. Stipules united with the petioles in a very short truncate sheath, either entire or occasionally with 1 or 2 long liair-Ulce poiuts. Flowers sessile along the branches of tenninal or rarely axillary pedunculate cymes. A considerable genus, exteuding over tropical aud easteru subtropical Asia. The only Australian species is euderaic, althoiigh nearlv allied to au East Indiau one. 1. O, australiana, Bentli. A low shrub with weak brauches, the younger ones rusty-tomentose with short crisped hairs. Leaves ovate-lauceo- hite or eUiptical, acutely acuminate, narrowed into a rather long petiole, uiostly 2 to 3 in. long, but those of the same pair often uneqnal, sprinkled with appressed hairs on the upper side, pale unclerneath, with the veins more or less hirsute. Stipules with long hair-Uke poiuts. Cymes pedunculate, shorter than the leaves. Bracts smaU, setaceous. Calyx-lobes Unear, about as loug as the hirsute tube. CoroUa nearly giabrous outside, the tube scarcely above 1 Une loug, the lobes rather shorter, tomentose inside. Fruit about 3 Unes l)road and scarcely above 1 liue loug. Queensland. Kockinghara Bay, Dallachy. The species is nearly allied to the com- luou ludiau 0. Mungos, which, however, appearsto have the leaves always glabrous, aud the corolla-Iobes much shorter. SuBTRiBE in. Gardenie.e. — Flowers in cymes cUisters or soUtary, CoroUa-lobes irabricate, frequently coutorted. Ovules attached to au axile or parietal placeuta. Fruit succulent, indehiscent. 5. GARDENIA, Linn. Calyx-Umb tubular, truncate, toothed, lobed or divided to the base into 5 or more lobes. CoroUa-tube cyUndrical or sUghtly dikted upwards ; lobes 5 or more, imbricate in the bud. Anthers nearly sessile, usually more or less exserted. Ovary 1-ceUed, incompletely divided by 2, 3 or rarely more pro- jecting parietal placentas, with several ovules to each placenta. Style with 2, 3 or rarely more thick erect stigmatic lobes, or nearly entire. Fruit succuleut, indehiscent, usuaUy crowned by the calyx. Seeds numerous, immersed in the fleshy or pnlpy phacentas. — Shrubs or trees, the young shoots often exudiug a resinous gum. Stipules soUtary on each side, entire, more or less conuate round the stem within the petioles, and often very deciduous. Flowers usuaUy rather large aud soUtary or 3 together, terminal or axiUary by the non-development of the flowering-braueh. 408 LXi. RUBIACE.E. IGardenia. The geiins is confined to the Old World, spreading ovcr the tropical and subtropical regions of Asia^and Africa. As far as hitherto observed, all the Australian species appciu- to be en- demic. Calyx-limb hirge, scarcely toothed, but splittiug on one side or into 2 lobes. Plant glabrous. Leaves uuder 1 in. long, narrowed at the base. Corolla-tube di- lated upwards, longer than the calyx ^. G. edulis. Leaves broadly ovate. Corolla-tube cylindrical, scarcely exceeding the caiyx-lobes 2. G. resinosa. Calyx-liuib with 4 to 6 iinear obtuse lobes, rarely cobering. Young shoots pubesceut. Leaves obovate or obloug, under li in. Fruits under 1 in. long . 3, G. ■pyriformis. Leaves broadiy ovate or orbicular, 2 to 3 ia. long. Fruits l^ to 2 in. loug 4. . Hooker. 5. C. pumila, Hook.f. in Hook. L.ond. Journ. \\. 465, and Fl. Tasm. i. 166. A prostrate deusely-matted ghnbrous shrub, creepiug and rootiug sometimes to a great exteut. Leaves ovate, obtuse, 2 to 3 lines long, coria- ceous, shiuing. Fiowers solitary, terminal, sessile betweeu the last leaves. Calyx-lobes ovatc, obtuse. CoroUa about 3^ lincs long, the tube dilated upwards, almost carapauulate; lobes niuch shorter than thetube iu the males, rather deeper iu the femalcs. Stamens umch exserted. Styles not so loug as in the other species. VictorVa. Snowy mossy plaius, Baw-Baw, Cobberas mountains, and others of the Austt-alian Alps, at an elevation of 4 to 6000 ft., F. Mueller. Tasmania. Middk-sex plains and all thc mountain-tops, abundaut, /. D. Hooker. The spccies is also in New Zcaland. LXI. RUBIACEiE. 431 22. NERTERA, Banks. (Cunina, Clos.) Calyx-lirab inconspiciious or 2-lobe(l. Corolla-tube canipanulate or slender ; lobes 4, valvate in the bud. Stamens inserted at or near tlie base of tlie corolla-tube ; tilainents long- ; anthers exserted. Ovary 2-celled, witli 1 erect ovule in each cell ; style divided nearly to the base into 2 long filiform lobes, more or less papillose-hirsute. Fruit a berry-Iike drupe, with 2 1-seeded pyrenes. — Sleniler prostrate or creeping perennials. Stipules interpetiolar, very small. Flowers solitary, terminal, sessile or very shortly pedicellate witliin the last leaves, hermaphrodite or polygarao-dioecious. A small genus, extendiug over New Zealand, Antarctic and Andine Ameriea, the ladiau Archipelago, and the Pacific islands. Of the two Australian species, oue is the comuiou oue over uearly the whole range of the genus, the other is endemic. Glabrous. Calyx-lirab obsolete. Corolla campauulate 1. N. depressa, Hirsute. Calyx 2-lobed. Corolla slender 2. N. reptans. 1. N. depressa, Banks ; DC. Prod. iv. 451. A slender prostrate perennial, creeping and rootiug at the nodes, qnite glabrous, formiug some- times dense patches of very few iuclies in diaraeter, sometimes extending to a corisiderable length, usunlly drying black. Leaves petiolate, from ovate to orbicidar, obtuse or acute, rour.ded or almost cordate at the base, often all iinder 2 lines long, l)ut in luxuriant specimens 3 or even 4 lines. Flowers solitary, terminal, but the fruits sometimes appearing axillary after the shoot has grown out. Calyx-Iimb none or scarcely couspicuous. C'oroIla glabrous, campanulate, scarcely above 1 line long, the lobes shorter than the tube. Drupe ovoid or globular, the pyrenes quite smooth.— Sm. Ic. Ined. t. 28 ; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 167; Cnnina Sanfuentes, Clos in C. Gay, FI. Chil. iii. 203. t. 34. Victoria. TVet gravelly places, Snowy River, summits of Baw-Baw mounlains, sources of the Yarra, F. Miieller. Tasiuania. By springs ou the summits of the western mountaius, Gunn. The species exteuds to New Zealand, Audiue and Antarctic Ameriea and the Pacifie is- lands, but the Javanese plant referred to it appears to be distinct. In the small Australiau form of N. depressa, so far as can be judged from dried specimens, the exocarp encloses but little pulp and dries close upou the nucleus ; in the more luxuriaut New Zealand and Ame- riean speciniens, it is niuch larger and raore pulpy, aud, when dried under pressure, assumes the false appearauce of a broad membrane borderiug the nucleus, which gave rise to Clos's geuus Cunina. 2. N". reptans, T. Muell. Herb. A prostrate creeping perennial, like N. depressa, but not usually drying black, and more or less hirsute, with short scattered rather rigid hairs. Leaves very shortly petiolate, ovate, obtuse or acute, 3 to 4 lines long. Flowers terniiiial, very shortly pedicellate within the last pair of leaves. Calyx-limb of 2 triangular ciliate lobes. Corolla- tube very slender, 4 lines long ; lobes short, ciliate, with a few long bristles. Drupe ovoid, not quite 2 lines long when dry, crowned by the calyx-lobes. — Diodia reptans, F. Muell. in Trans. Vict. Inst. 1855, 128. Victoria. Mountaiu pastures and plains along the Snowy River, F. Maeller. SuBTRiBE VI. Opercularie;e. — CoroIIa-Iobcs valvatc. Ovides erect from the base, usually one only to each flower. Style-lobes long and subulate. 432 LXi. RUBIACE.E. [Ne/icra. Fruit oapsular, 2-valve(l. Alhunien copious. — llerbs undcrslirubs or rarely sraall slirubs. Flowers in dense lieads, tlie calyxes conuate or in one species free. 23. OPERCULARIA, Gsrtn. Flowers conuate by tlie calyx-tubes in a globular compound or rarely siinple and solitary head. Calyx-lobes 3 to 5. CoroUa-tube sliort ; lobes 3 to 5, valvate. Stamens inserted at the base of the corolla-tube ; fihmients long ; anthers exserted. Ovary 1-celled, witli 1 erect ovule (rarely 2-celled with 1 ovule in each cell, but 1 cell and ovule abortive?) ; style tiliform, divided to the middle or nearly to thebaseinto 2 lougusually papillose-hirsute branelies, oue sometimes abortive. Fruit a 2-valved capsule, the capsules of each com- pound head distributed iuto partial heads of 3 to 6, the outer valves in each partial or solitary head united in a persistent cup, the inner valves united in a deciduous operculum. Seeds obovate or oblong, often rugose, the inner face often concave or marked with longitudinal raised ridges. Albumen copious. — Herbs undershrubs or rarely twiners, often very foetid wlien fresli. Stipules usually forming with the base of the petioles a short sheath, with 1 or 2 entire or ciliate-toothed points on each side. Flower-heads usually in the forks of the stem or terminal, either upon an erect peduncle often louger than tlie head, or upon a short recurved peduucle, and theu ofteu appearing axiUary from the developnient of only one brauch of the fork. Flowers often polygamo-dioecious. The n;cniis is confined to Aiistralia. The species are vcry diffieult to dcscribe with con- trastcd characters, dilTering chiefiy in the very variable poiiits of loliage and inflorescence. Thc seeds, as far as known, appear to present niore decided specific differences, bnt it is only in a sinall portion of thc specimens Ihat I liave bcen able to observe them, and tlieir constancy in the same species rcmains to be proved. Peduncles erect, terminal or in the forks. Leaves linear. Seed ovoid- oblong, obtusely 3- or 4-augled. Westcru species, except 0. scabrida. Glabrous or nearly so. Leaves acute. Herb or undershrub. Upper leaves long. Peduncles usually long. Seeds half enclosed on cach side in a Concave valve- like appendage 1.0. vaghiata. Sinall shrub. Leaves short, clustered in tlie axils. Pcduncles shorl. Secds without appendage 2. 0. spermacocca. Herb or undcrshriib. Leavcs sliort or long. Pcduncles usually long. Seeds without ai)pendage 3. 0. scabrida. Hirsute, witli long soft hairs. Leaves obtuse 4. 0. hirsuta. Pedunclcs rccurved, all very short, or those of the primary forks only elongated. Eastern species. Usually large, glabrous or scabrous-pubescent. Leaves ovate or hmccolate, often above 1 iii. long. Heads many-ftowcred. Seeds with 2 sraooth ribs on the inner face 5. 0. aspera. Hirsiite. Leaves usually under 1 in. Seeds very rugose, the inner face with a proiniuent ccntre, without smooth ribs . . 6. 0. hispida. Ghibrous. Leaves liuear-lanceolate. Flower-heaJs small, sessilc or ncarly so. Seeds of 0. hispida 7. 0. diphylla. Sniall procunibent plant, usually glabrous. Leaves ovate. Sceds vcry broad, smooth, with 3 promiueut ribs ou the iuner face . 8. 0. ovata. Opercularia.] LXi. rubiace^. 433 Glabrous or nearly so, small aiul diffuse or wiry and clongated. Leaves and flovver-beads sniall. Seeds broad, sligbtly rugose, with 2 prominent ribs on tbe inner face 9. 0. varia. Western specics. Stout, erect, glabrous or scabrous. Leaves sessile, ovate-lanceo- ]ate or lauceolate. Heads many-flowered 10. 0. ruhioides. Large, twining, glabrous. Leaves lanceolate, long-acuminate. Heads many-flowered 11. O. voluhihs, Large, hirsute, often flexuous. Leaves ovate or lauceolate. Heads many-flowered 12. 0. hispidula. Erect, much brancbed, very hispid, not turning black. Leaves ovate or lanceolate. Flower-heads echinate '[^. O.ecJiinocephala. Glabrous. Stems wiry or flexuose. Leaves few, narrow or small. Heads simple, 2- to 5-flowered 14. 0. apicijlora. 1. O. vaginata, Lahill. Fl. Nov. Holl. i. 34. t. 46. A perennial or iitidershrub, witli erect virgate stems, 6 in. to 1 ft. high or rather more, usually glabrons. Leaves linear or liuear-lanceolate, the upper ones often 1 to 2 in. long, the lower ones sometiraes very small or abortive. Stipular sheaths long. Heads globular, compound, on rather long erect peduncles, with or without 2 to 4 linear bracts close under the head. Calyx-lobes su- bulate-acuniinate. Corolla rarely exceeding thera. Seeds sraall, obovoid- triquetrous, each Avith 2 concave appendages one on each side, as long as the seed, fixed at the upper end and falling with the seed, but readily detached. — DC. Prod. iv. 615 ; Bartl. in Pl. Prciss. i. 369. ■^V. Australia. From Kiug George's Sound, R. Brown, Menzies, Labillardiere, to Swan River, Brimmojid, \st Coll. ; Freiss, n. 2429, 2433 ; Flinders Bay, Collie. In some old specimens some branches are flexuose and ahnost leafless like those of 0. api- cijlora, but more rigid, and the fruiting-beads are compound. O. multicavlis, Bartl. in Pl. Preiss. i. 369, from Princess Royal Harbour, Preiss, n. 2432, which I have not seen, docs uot appear, from the descriplion given, to difl^er from O. vaginata. 2. O. spermacocea, Lahill. Pl. Nov. Holl. i. 35. t. 47. A sraall bushy erect shriib or undershrub, glabrous or slightly pubescent, the short erect branches usually shining. Leaves narrow-linear, often chistered in the axils, mostly short but sometimes above \ inch long. Stipules often with linear leaf-like points. Plovver-heads all pedunculate, small, with fewflowers but compound. Calyx-lobes acuminate, rigid, sometiraes enlarged and lan- ceolate when in fruit. Corolla scarcely exceeding the calyx-lobes. Seeds ovoid, obtusely angular, granuhir-tuberculose, like those of 0. vaginalis, but wathout the lateral appendages. — DC. Prod. iv. 615. ■W. Australia, Labillardih-e ; Port Gregory, Champion Bay, Oldfield. 3. O. scabrida, ScMecht. Linn(ta, xx. 604. Erect or ascending, rather slender, scabrous-pubescent or hirsute. Leaves linear-laiiceolate or narrow- oblong, usually narrowed at both eiids and under \ in. long. Plower-heads globular, compound, on long erect peduncles in the forks, with 2 or 3 linear floral leaves close under tbem. Calyx-Iobes subulate-acuminate. Seeds small, obovoid, obtiisely 3- or 4-angIed. Victoria. Grampians, F. Mueller ; Wimmera, BallacJii/ ; Poi'tland, Alliit : Glenelg river, Eoherfson. S. Australia. Sandy scrub, BeJir ,■ Lofty Ranges, F. Mueller. voL. iir. 2 F 434 LXi. RUBiACEiE. [Operculana . 4. O. hirsuta, F. Muell. Herh. Erect, witli virgate stems of about 1 ft., covercd as well as the foliage witli long soft almost silky liairs. Leaves few, linear, obtuse, ^ to 1 in. long. riower-lieads globular, on erect pe- duncles, witli nuraerous sraall flowers. Calyx-lobes scarcely so long as the liirsute corollas. Anthers sraaller and style shorter than in most species, Seeds oblong-ovoid, obtusely 4-angled, very rugose except the 2 lateral smooth angles. W. Australia. Lucky Bay, Oldfield and Young rivers, Esperance Bay, Ma^cwiU. .5. O. aspera, G\n. coMPosrr.E. 451 (A few spccies of 11. Ox,eaui.\. and 13. Erigekon, liave thc rav-floicts miuutcly and irnperfectly ligulate.) Aiithers with tine tails. Involiicral bracls narrow-iinear, hcrbaceous or soft. Style of the dislv-iiorets branched 23. Elumea. Involucral bracts rigid, ofteu broad. Some or all the disiv-tlorets sterile, with a simple style 24 Pluchea. Pappns of the female florets none, of the stcrile dislv-tlorets sniall. Anthers and iuvolucre of P/rtcZ/t-a 25. Epaltes. Pap[)us of scabrous deuticulate or almost pluniose bristles. Eay- florets usually irregular. Anthers tailcd. hivolucre dry or leafy 20. Pterigeuon. Pappus a short sealy jagged tube or cup. Authers taijed. Involucre dry 27. Coleocoma. Pappus none or of short obtuse scales. Anthers obtuse at the base. (See VII. ANTHEMiDE.i:.) Anthers with tine tails. (See VIII. Gnaphalie.^^.) (38. Nablonium, has the habit of Calotis, but no female florets, and the reccp- taclcs with scales.) Tbibe V. Ambrosiese. — Leaves alferiiafe. Flov;er-lieads ahsolutehj unisexuaJ. Anthers not tmited. Eemale florets 2 together, cousolidated with the involuere into a prickly burr ; males numerous, in globular heads, with a very small involuere 29. Xanthium. Tribe VI. KeliantheEe. — Leaves opposite or rarelj/ alternate. Floiver-heads either heterogamous, icith the female Jtorets more or less ligntate, the centrat ones tubular her- maphrodite or 7nale, or rarelij discoid, with all the florets hermaphrodite and tiibular. Receptacles intli chaffi/ scates betiveen the florets. Anthers withont tails. Stijle of the Senecionidfe or approaching that of Asteroideat;. Pappus of stiff awns or of shorl scales or none. luvolucre of 2 rows of bracts, tlie outer uarrow leafy and glaudular, the iuner ones and the receptaele scales euveloping the florets. Pappus uone 30. Siegesbeckta. Involucre of 2 or 3 rows of bracts, nearly equal or the outer row broader and lcafy. Pappus none or of very short awns or tinc bristles. iieceptacle flat or slightly eouvex. Style-branchcs obtuse aud flattened. Eay-achenes trian- gular ; disk-achcnes flat 31. Eclipta. Style-branches almost acute. Eay- and disk-achenes usually flatteued or thick 32. Wedelia. Style of the disk-florets undivided. Ray-achenes flattened ; disk-acheues abortivc 33. Moonia. Keceptacle conical. Style-branches truncate. Eay-achenes triaugular; disk-achenes flattened 34. Spilanthes. Pappus of obloug chatTy scales. lleceptacle conical .... 35. Galinsoga. Pappus of 2 to 4 rigid awns. Styie-branchcs with acute or subulate points. Kay-florets, when preseiit, neuter 36. Bidens. Ray-florets, when present, female 37. Glossogvne. Style-branches truncate. Small creeping herb, with 1- headed scapes 38. Nablonhjm. Involucre of a single row of bracts, united in a toothed cup. Pappus of uuequal scales or awns 39. Tagetes. Involucre of 4 broad leafy bracts, 2 outer larger than the 2 inner. Eav-florcts in several rows, with vcry small ligules. No pappus . 40. Enhvdka. 2 G 2 453 LXII. COMPOSITiE. Hower-heads sniall, uarrow, collected in deusc clusters or com- pound heads. No iiappus 41. Flaveeia. TiiiBE VII. Anthemideae. — Leaves alfernafe. Flower-heads heferor/amous, the females lujiilafe orjilifunn or without corollas, the disk-florets hermaphrodite or mate, or very rarely all fhejlorets fubnlar avd hermaphrodile. Receptacle without or rarely with scaies. Anthers loifhout faifs. Sfyle of Senecionidse. Fajppus none or reduced to a raised border or rarely of short scales. Florets of the circumferenee distinetly ligulate. Receptaele vcry conieal, with a few scales between the florets . * Anthemis. Keceptacle flat or convex, without seales * Chuysanthemum. Florets of the eircumferenee tubular or obscurely ligulate, or with- out coroUas. Disk-achenes often abortive. Suiall annuals or rarely pereunials. Female florets without any or with a very short, broad, or conical corolla. Achenes flattened, obtuse or truncate. Fiower-heads pedun- culate 42. Cotula. Aehenes flatfened, crowned by the hardened style, or by 2 pro- minent divarieate angles. Flower-heads sessile .... 43. Soliva. Female florets shcu-fly tubular. Aeheues 3- or 4-angled. Flower- heads sessile or nearly so 44. Myrioqyne. Female florets slender. Acbenes 4-angled or flattened. Pappus none. Style-lobes long and slender. Leaves radiea], spreading. Scapes leartess 19. Lagenophora. Styie-Iobes short, truncate. Leaves crowded, in dense tufts or on very short creeping stems. Flower-heads sessile or shortly pedunculate 45. Abrotaneli.a. Achenes large, flat, with herbaceous involute wings. Pappus none. Flower-heads neai-Iy sessile 46. Ceratogyne. Achenes not flattened. Pappus of laneeolate or oblong scales. Flower-heads terminal. Pappus-seales lanceolate .... 47. Elachanthus. Flower-heads clustered withiu the radieal leaves. Pappus- sqales oblong 48. Isoetopsis. Tribe VIII. Gnaplialiese. — Leaves allernate, quife entire. Floicer-heads discoid, icifh atf the Jlorefs fubufar avd hermaphrodife or the cenfral ones male, or the Jlorefs of the circumference female and filiform or very rarely ligufate or irregular, or rarely flie heads more or less dia-cions. Anfhers tvifh very fine hair-like fails af fhe base, somefimes very short (or rarely quite v)anfing ?). Style-branrhes usuatty nearty terefe, very obtuse or truncaie. Invotucral bracts most frequently scarious. Subtribe I. Angianthese. — Flower-heads small, usually numerous, sessile or neurly so on a common, reccpfacle, iu a dense cluster or compound head, nsually surrounded by scarious or leafy bracfs, forming a generai involncre. Fforets all hermajihrodite, a feio rarely sterile. lleecptacles (within the partial heads) without scales between thc florets. General involucre of numerous bracts, in several rows, usnally wilh scarious tips or small radiating laminse. Gencral reccp- tacle broad and flat. Pappus uone or various 49. Mykiocepualus. Gcueral involucre none or of fcw short scarious bracts, with or without a few leafy braets or floral leaves outside. Pappus none or of 1 or more awned or jagged sealcs. Involucres flattencd, with 1 outcr flat and 2, rarely 3 lateral LXII. COMPOSIT.^. 453 conduplicatc or concave searious bracts, with or without 1 or 2 inner tiat oues 50. Angianthus. Invohicres of several bracts, the inner oues broader thau the outer oues, aud very deciduous 51. Gneptiosis. (See also 62. Eriochlamys, iu which the heads are some- limes clustered.) Pappus of several bristles or scales, plumose-ciliate or with tcrmiual phimose tufts. Geueral receptaele small or branched, aud the partial heads often rather distiuct. Floral leaves none or fvw, aud shorter than the heads. Invohicral bracts about as loug as the florets, without any or with very short aud broad radiating tips. Pappus- bristles usually more than 6 52. Calocephalus. Inner iuvolucral bracts with loug, petal-like, radiating lamiuse. Pappus-bristles 3 to 6 53. Cephalipterum. Floral leaves several, as loug as or louger than the chistcrs. Pappus-bristles 5, very elastic. Small anuuals .... 54. Gnaphalodfs. Receptaclcs (within the partial heads) with scales between the tlorets. Pappus of several plumose-ciliate bristles or scales. Stems or peduneles elougated aud ereet 55. Craspedia. Pappus none or of very short scales. Dvvarf, diflfuse or stemless aunuals 56.Chthonocephalus. SuBTRiBE II. Helichrysese. — Flower-heads distinct, pedunculate or sessile. Female ^liform florets few or none, rarely forming 1 or 2 complete outer series. Receptacle with scales between the tlorets. Pappus none. Receptacle-scales euveloping the florets . • . 57. Ixodia. Pappus a scarious cup. Receptacle-scales broad, tlat or coucave . 58. Ammobium. Pappus of distinct capillary bristles. Receptacle-scales uarrow, flat or concave 59. Cassinia. Receptacle without scales. Pappus none. iuvolucre small, narrow, of scarious or petal-Iike bracts, uot radiating. Hower-heads paniculate or corymbose . . . 60. Humea. Involucre turbiuate, the outer bracts small, imbricate, the inner petal-like, radiatiug. Ilower-heads on loug peduucles . . 61. Pithocarpa. Involucre globular, euveloped in deuse wool, the inuer bracts scarious, uot radiatiug. Receptaele coiiical. Small anuual, the heads often clustered 62. Eriochlamvs. Involucre broadly hemispherical, with scarious bracts, not ra- diating. Flower-heads ou long peduucles 63. AcoMis. Involucre of few lineaj-herbaceous uearly eijual bracts. Corolla slender, recurved. Dwarf auuuals 64. Toxanthus. Pappus a small greenish glandular cup. Involucre of few, narrow, uearly equal, herbaceous bracts. Dwarf auuual .... 65. Scyphocoronis. Pappus of chatfy scales. Involucre hemispherieal. Bracts scarious. Pappus-scales ob- tuse or jagged, or divided iuto bristle-Iike brauches . . . 66. Rutidosis. Involucre cylindrical, the bracts scarcely scarious. Paj)pus- scales produced iiito long flue awus. Dvvarf auuual . . . 67. Qliinetia. Pappus of capillary bristles, simple, barbellate or plumose. Involucral braets liuear, all herbaceous or the iuner ones shorlly scarious at the tij)s. Achenes contracted into a slcuder beak. luvolucral bracts nearly equal 68. Millotia. Achenes not beakcd. Involucres imbrieate. Plorets all hermaphroditc. Tuncr iuvolueral bracts with short scarious or radiating tips. Pappus simj^Ie . . 69. Ixiol^xa, 454 LXIl. COMPOSIT/E. OiUcr tlorets female, ligulate, irregular or tilifonn. Itivo- lucral bracts subulate-acuminate. Pappus strongly bar- bellate or pluniose 70. Atiiuixia. Involuci'al bracts grecu, almost leaf-like or tliin, but riot scarious. Pap])us pluinose. Achenes shortiv stipitate . . 71. Pouotiieca. luvolucral braets iiubricate, scarious or with petal-iiJie lauiiuic. Achenes sessile. Pappus of siinple or shortly barbelhite bristles, rarily (iii sect. Chrysocephalum Qi Helichrysum) with a pluuiose tuft at the end. Invuhicral bracts all very thin and scarious. Outer fetnale florets usually large and irrcgular .... 72. Podolepis. Outer involucral bracts thiu and scarious. Acheues more or less distiuetly contractcd into a beak .... 73. Leptoriivxcih;s. luvolucral bracts almost all or the inner ones or their laniiufe opaquely scarious or pctai-like. Aehenes not beaked. reniale llorets usually fevv (except in seet. Chrysocephalnm). Stems crcct, leafy, simple or branched. Outer acheues broad aud flat, all the others abortivc . 74. Schcenia. Achenes angular or compressed, biit not very llat, all perfect, or only few abortive in tlic centre .... 7o- IIelichkvsum. Involucres more or iess scarious, usually clastically spread- ing after flovverina'. Female florels usnally numcrous. Dwarf tuftcd or shortly difiuse moiintain percnuials, with solitaiy, sessile or shortly pcdunculate flovver- heads 78. Raoui,i\. Pappus |)lumose from the base, except in some JFaitxiee. luvolucral bracts scarious or i)etal-like, or vvith petal-likc laminse. Achcnes scssilc. Achcnes with sleuder beaks ICi. Wattzia. Aeheiics not bcakcd 77- llEi-iPTLiuni. Involucral bracts niore or less Kreen, herbaecous or thin, but not scarioiis. Achenes stipitate 71. Podotheca. SuBTniBE III. Su^naphaliese. — F/ower-heads dis/inct or in dense cluslers or com- pound heads, usually small. Female filiform Jlurets uumerous, in seceral rows or in sepa- rate heads. Pappus of capillary bristles. Pemalc florets in one or tvvo rows. Dvvarf tufted or shortly dift'use mouutain percnnials, with solitaiy, sessile or shortlype- dunculate flovver-heads 78. Raoulia. Plower-hcads strictly diwcions 79- Antennaria. riovvcr-heads more or less androsiynous, usually smaU and clustered, rarely solitary. Peniale florets in scveral rows 80. Gnaphalium. Pappus of 6 serrulatc, thiek or broad bristles or scales. Habit of Raoulia 81. Ptekygopappus. Puppiis noue 82. Stuartina. (47. Elaciianthus, with a scaly pappus, and 4fi. Ceratogyne, and 48. Isoetopsis, without pajjpus, havc the entire leaves and numerous female florcts of GnaphaliecB, but short aiithers without tails, aud the female florets wider at the base.) Tribe IX. ^ — Senecionidse. Leaves allernate. Flower-heads e.ilher heteroyamous, toilh the female florets iiyulate or rarely filiform, or sometimes homogamous, with all the Jlorets hermaphrodite and tubnlar. Receptaele tvithout scales. Anthers ohtuse or scarcely poiuted at the base, vnthout tails. Style-branches truncate and penicillate, or rarcly vnihpubescent tips or appendnges. Pappus of capillary bristles. lueolucral hractsin the .iu.itrnHiin yrnera in a siny/e rof^ iciih nr withont u few smnll oiUer oiies roiind Iheir hase. LXII. COMPOSIT.E. 455 Outcr female florets filiform, usually iu 2 or 3 rows 83. EREcirruiXES. Florets all tul)ular and heimnphroditc, or the outcr oues liguhite. Stvie-braiichcs with subuhite tips 84. Gynura. Style-braiiches truncate. IiiHorcsceuce tcriiiiiial. Indumeutum cottony or simple . . 85. Senecio. Intioresceuee axiUary. Indumeutum stellate 86. Bedfordia. Tbibe X. Calendulacese. — Leaves allernate. Floioer-heads usnaUy keteror/amorcs, the ray-florets iu/ulufe,feinale or raieti/ neuter, the disk-florets tubular, hermaphrodite, bnt sterile or rarelij fertUe, and verij rarely the heads homngamous and discold. Anthers usuallif sagiltate, but scarcelij tailed. Sli/le-branches in the disk-florets more or less cou- crete, and thickened at the base. Disk-aeheues iisually perfect. Leaves radical or nearly so, piunatitid, white uiiderucath. Rays loug, spreading. Acheues glabrous. Pappus uone 87. CYiiBiNOTUS. Achenes deusely wooUy. Pappus of short seales coucealed iu the vvool 88. Cryptostemma. Disli-achenes all abortive. Stems leafy. Leaves undivided. Pappus none. Rays very small. Achenes with 3 broad scarious wiugs ... * Tkipteris. Ilays ratlier lonz, spreading. Acheiies much incurved, muricatc ou the back, the inargiiis sometimes dilated but not wiiiged . . * CALENDUtA. Tkibk Xr. Mutisiacese. — Leaves alternate. Flower-heads either hetcrogamous, witk radiatiug fewiile fiorets, or homogainous, viith the florets all tubnlar and hermaphrodite, some or all of the outer florets in all cases more or less 2-lipped. Antkers pointed or tailed at the base. Style varying from that of Calendulaceaj to nearly that of Seuecionidse. riower-heads radiate. Achenes villous, with a pnppus of capillary bristles. Rudical leaves, scape, aud large tiower-heads uearly of Celmisia 89. Amblysperjia. Teibe XII. Cichoriacese. — Leaves alternate. Flower-heads komogamous, with all the florets ligulate. Pappus none or very minute. Stem rigid, branchiug, leafy. Florets large, blue * CiCHORiUM. Leaves radical. Scapes leafless, simple or brauchcd. Florets small, yellovv * Arnosekis. Pappus of narrow flat scales tapering iato simple or plumose bristles 90. Microseris. Pappus, at lcast of tlie central acheiies, of plumose capillary bristles. Receptacle with a few chatfy scales betvveea the tlorets. Acheues raostly beaked 91. Hypochcekis. Receptacle without scales. Achenes tapering into a sleuder beak. Involucral bracts long, nearly equal * Tragopogon. Achenes very shortly contracted at the top. luvoluere with small outer bracts. Stems leafy, hispid. Outer involucral bracts niimerous . . 92. PiCRis. Leaves rbdical. Stems leafless or nearly so. Outer iuvolu- cral bracts few and small * Leontodon. Pappus of nuinerous simplc capillary bristles or hairs. Achenes not at all or scarcely flattened. Sferas leafy. Acheues very shortly contracted at the top . . 93. Crepis. Leaves radical. Scapes leafless. Acheiies eoutractcd iuto a long slender beak . * Takaxacum. Achenes vcry flat. Stems leafy. Achenes uot beaked 94. SoNCHUS. Achcncs contractcd into a slender beak * Lactuca. 456 Lxii. coMPosnvE. Tribe T. Cynarocephal.k. — Leaves alternate, ofteii prickly. Flowcr- heads discoid, tlie fiorets all tubular, hermaplirodite aiid cqual or nearly so, the lobes usually narrow. lleceptacle bristly or rarely naked. Antliers usually frinj^cd or tailed at the base. Style usually slitrlitly swoUen at tlie base of the branches, which are narrow and obtuse or slightly pointed, and often erect or cohering nearly to the end. This tribe comprises a great majority of the plants popiilarly known in Europe umler the name of Tliistlcs. Thc two species indigcnoiis to Aiistralia are, howcvcr, not priclily. 'l'he involucrc is usnaliy ovoid or globular, hard. witli nunicrous iiiibricated scalcs, niililie that of alinost any other Compositce except tropical Vfnioniareat, rcadily known by tlicir style ; Colno- coiiia and a fcw aliied plants distinguished by thcir slcndcr female ilorets ; aiid a few tropical Labiatijlora. The Calendulacea, uiiited by some with Cipiarocephalce nndcr the name. of Cynarcfe on account of their style, differ widcly in tlicir habit and invohicrc, and gcncrally in thcir hcterojiamoiis radiate iiower-heads, and appear to me to be nuich bcttcr placcd bc- tween the Seiiecionida and the Labiatijlorce. 1. SAtrSSUREA, DC. (Aplotaxis, BC.) Invohicre ovold or Carr panulatej not longer than the florets, tlie bracts numcrous, inibricate, not ])rickly, tlie inner ones tlie longest. lleceptacle bearing bristles between the florets. Florets all tubidar, rcgular, with 5 narrow lobes. Anthers tailed. Stylc-branches linear, sbghtly thickeiicd at the base; Achcnes gLabrous. Pappus of several phiraose bristles united iu a ring at the basc, with a few outer siinple or sliort bristles or scah-s, some- times on one side only or v^ry small, rarely wholly wanting. — Ercct herbs. Leaves toothed or lobed or piunately dividcd. Flowcr-heads rather large and solitary, or smaller and panicuUite. Florcts purplish. A considerable genus, spread over the liilly regious of the northern hemisphcre, chiefly in the Old World. The only Australian species is also in India and China. 1. S. carthamoides, Behth. Fl. Uonrjk. 168. An annual, with a rigid ercct brauching stcni of 1 to 2 ft. oi' sometimes more, sidcate and slightly cottony. Leaves deeply pinnatifid or lyrate, the lower lobes narrow, tlie terminal one broad, thin, green above, Avhite and cottony undcrncatli, 3 or 4 in. long ; the lowcr h-aves sometimes ovate and nearly entire on long petioh;s, the upperniost few, with narrow lobes. Plower-hcads fcw, on long peduncles. Tnvoiucre campanuhitc, 6 to 8 lines diameter, the nnmerous bracts hnear- hmceoLate, oftcn very pointcd but not pungent. Achencs striale, shghtly curved. Outcr ])appus usually of sevcral very short scales or bristles unitcd in a minute oblique ring but very variable in size and number, sometimes very decidimus, leaving only the minute oblique ring, or very small from the iirst or entirely wanting. — Serrntula carthamoides, Koxb. FL Ind. iii. 407 ; Aplotavn carthamoides, Tiam. in DC. Prod. vi. 540 ; A. muUicantis, DC. L e. and in Deh^ss. Ic. PL iv. t. 68 ; A.folima, Edgew. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 77 ; Ilaplotaxis australasica, F. Miu4L Fragm. i. 36. Queensland, Boimnan ; Dawson and Hurnctt rivers, F. Mueller ; Keppcl Bay, Thozet. N. S. 'Wales. ITunter's Kivcr, R. Brown; Clarence rivcr, BecJder. Tnc species is comrnou throughoiit India, cxtcndiug to Chiiia and Japan. A. candicavs, DC. Prod. vi. 510, may be a largc form of it with lcss dividcd leavcs, and larger more hoary involucres. LXII. COMPOSIT.E. 457 2. LEUZEA, DC. Involucre ovoid or globular, thc bracts iinbricn.te, numerous, not prickly, witli broad rigidly scarious ja2:ged tips. Eeceptacle flat, densely bristly be- tween the florets. Florets all tubular, slender, 5-lobed. Antliers with short tails. Style-branches cohering or shortly spreading at the tips. Achenes oblong, compressed, ghabrous. Pappus of nuraerous unequal fine bristles in several rows, all shortly plumose. — Erect herbs. Leaves toothed or pinnately divided. Flower-heads large, solitary, terminal. Florets purplish. A sniall genus, confiued to the temperate reejious of the northern hemisphere in the Old World, with the exceptiou of the single Australian species, which is eudemic. 1. L. australis, Gandich. in Freyc. Voy. 462. t. 92. A rigid erect herb, probaldy biennial, attaining 2 ft. or rather more, simple or scarcely branched, with a little loose cottony wool. Leaves petiolate, oblong-hmceo- hite, either toothed only, or more or less deeply pinnatifid or pinnately divided, the loAver ones 6 in. long or more on long petioies, the upper ones few, small, and nearly sessile. Flower-heads solitary ou a long terminal peduncle. Invohicre ovoid, and \\ to 2 in. long when in flower, more globular when in fruit, the outer bracts short, with a nearly orbicular appendage, the inner ones gradually longer, the innermost as loug as the florets, tapering into narrow-linear tips with scarcely any scarious appendage. Style-braiiches often remaining united to the end. Achenes smooth, slightly striate, crowned by a slightly projecting border under the pappus. — DC. Prod. vi. 665. Queeuslandj Bowman ; Condamine river, Leydley's Creek, and head of the Gwydir, Leichhardt ; Dawson river, F. Miieller. N. S. 'Wales. Sandy shore near Kiugstown, R. Brown ; Fish River, Gaudichaud ; New England, C. Stuart. Vidtoria. Rocky grassy declivities, Murraudale river and Lake Omeo, T. Mueller. With all the habit and characters of the genus, this is the ouly species native of the southern hemisphere. Amongst northern species it is the most nearly related to the Spanish L. rhajionticoides, GraeUs. 3. CENTAUREA, Linn. Invohicre globular or ovoid, the bracts imbricate, numerous, ending eitlier in a prickle or in a fringed or toothed appendage. Receptacle bearing numerous bristles between the florets. Florets all tubular and 5-lobe(i, the outer row often harger and neuter. Anthers tailed. Style-branches linear, often cohering, thickened at the base. Achenes glabrous, usually obhquely or lateraliy attached at the base. Pappus short, of simple bristles or scales, sometimes very short, or rarely wholly wanting. — Erect or prostrate herbs, usually rigid. Leaves alternate, entire or pinnatifid, rarely prickly. Flower- heads large and soHtary, or smaller and paniculate. Florets purple-blue or yellow. The species are very numerous in tbe Mediterranean aud Caucasian regions of thc northeru hemispbere, with a very few Araerican species, aud some of the common oues spread with civilizatiou over various parts of the globe. Among theso must be iuchided those now found in Australia, of which C. melitensis alone has at first sight beeu taken for aa indigenous plaut. 458 Lxii. coMPOsrr.*:. [Cenlaitrea. 1. C. melitensis, Linn. ; DC. Prod. vi. 51)3. Au erect rigid aniuial of 1 to 2 it., ■\vitii a little white cottony wool, or iiearly glabrous. Radical leaves piunately divided ; stem-leavf s narrow, deciirreut, eulire or slightly toothed. Flower-lreads termiual, sessile above the last leaves, solitary or 2 or 3 in a cluster. Involucre above \\n. long, the bracts rigid, tlie appenda^e of tlie outer oues suiall with short paluiate spines, of the intermediate ones con- sisting of a rigid spine spreading to from 2 to 4 lines, with sliort divaricate spines at the base, the inuer ones tapering iuto a very short simple spine. Elorets yellow. Pappus of several serics of bristles, the outer oues short, the interraediate gradually louger, the iuuermost row very short. — C. apula, Lam. ; DC. 1. c. A native of the Mediterranean region, now spread over cultivated and waste places iu many of the warmer regions both of the New aiul the Old Wcrld, especially ncar the sca, aiid very abmnlant in various parts of Queensland, N. S. Wales, Victoria, Tas- mania, aud S. Australia. The followin!; Eiiropean species of this geiuis, and of other genera of Ci/narocephalce, have also been sent tVom Anstralia as introchiced weeds : — • C. soistHiaHs, Linn. ; DC. Prod. vi. 594. An annual, with the habit, foliage, and yellow florets of C. melilfinsis, but with a much longer and stouter spiue to the interuiediate invo- lucral bracts, whilst the inner oaes have a jagged scarious appendage without any spiue. — S. Australia, llerb. F. M%ieller. C. calcilrapa, Linn. ; DC. Prod. vi. 597- A coarse annual, green or slightly covered witli cottony dowu, scldoin rising to a foot iu height, but with very spreadiiig or prostratc branches. Leavcs pinnatitid, with a few long linear or lauceolate lobcs. Flower-heads sessile iu the forks or williin the last leavcs of the branches. Involucral bracts, at least the intermediate ones, euding iu stiff spreading spines of 5 to 1 in., with 1 or 2 sniall ones at their base. Florets purple. Achenes without any jiappus. — Tasinauia, Herb. F. hlueller. Cart/iamus tinctorius, Linn. ; DC. Prod. vi. ()12. Au erect rigid glabrous herb of 1 to 2 ft., with alteruate ovate leaves, stem-clasping at the base, and bordercd by a few small prickly teeth. Flower-heads termiual. Involucrcs globular, of closely iiiibricate rigid bracts, the outer oiies ternjinating in leafy appeudages like the stem-leaves, but sinaller, the inner ones in a rigid pungent poiut, the tlorets all tubular, of a rich orange. Roccptacle with linear bristle-like scales. Achenes glabrous, without any pappus. — Near Adclaide, ia the ueighbourhood of gardens. Onopordon acanthium, Liun. ; DC. Prod. vi. 618 (Scotch Thistle). A tall stout Thistle, covered with a loose cottony wool. Leaves coarsely toothed or pimiatifid, vvaved aud very prickiy, their broadly-decnrreut margins formiug ])rickly wiugs all down the steius. F"Iower- heads large, erect, aud solitary at the euds of the branches. luvoiucres globular, of uume- rous bracts, ending iu a long lanceolate prickle. Florets all tubular. Kcceptacle pitted with raised jagged edges shorter thau the achenes. Achenes glabrous. Pa])])us of scrrulate bristles, not plumose, and rather longer than the achenes. — Victoria aud South Australia. Curduus marianus, Linn. {Sili/hum marianum, Ga;rtn. ; DC. Prod. vi. 61(5.) An erect Thistle of 1 or 2 ft., glabrous or with very little cottony wool. Leaves suiooth and shining, variegated with white veins, the lower oues dee])ly pinnatifid and very prickly, the U])per oues clasping the stem by prickly auriclcs scarccly dccnrrent. Flower-heads largc, drooping, soli- tary aud tcrniinal. Involucre globular, the bracts iiubricated with a vcry broad base, aud a stiff spreading lcafy appeiidage ending in a long prickle, bordered with prickles at its base. Keceptach^ witii bristles betweeu the florets. Acheues glabrous. Pappus of siinple hairs. — About Melbourne, Adamson. Cirsium lanceohitum, Scop. ; DC. Prod. vi. 636. A rather stout Thistle, attaining 3 or 4 ft. Leaves waved, piunatifid and very pri<-kly, rougli on the upper side, white and cottony uuderneath, decurreut into prickly vvings alnng (he stem. Flower-heads not uume- rous, rather largc. Involucres ovoid, abovc an iuch long, the bracts lanceolate, ending in a stiff ])rickle. Florets pur])lc, all tubular. Recejitacle vvith bristles between the Horets. Achcues glabrous. Papims of iilnmosc bristles. — Victoria and Tasmania. — C. palustre, Scoj). ; DC. Prod. vi. (U.j. A lall Thistlc, with thc stcms tpiitc covcrcd with thc prickly dcciir- Cirsi/fiit.] LXii. COMPOSIT.E. ♦ 459 reut iiiargius of thc leaves. Leaves piaiiatitid anJ very prit-kly. Flower-heads ratber uumerous, suuill, aud ovoid, usuaiiy coUeeted iu clusters. luvolucral bracts nuinerous, vvith sinall somewhat pricldy poiuts. Florets, achenes, and pajjpiis of C. lanceolati(,w. — Tasniania. — C. arci''isr, .Scop. ; DC. Prod. vi. ()i3. A rather tall Thistle with a creeping rhizonie. Leaves pinuatifid, very prickly, claspiu<; the stem vvith prickly auricles, or shortly decnrrent. Flowcr-heads not largc, in loose corymhs, direcious. Involucral bracts nunierous, with very sniall prickly poiuts. Florets, achcnes, aud pappus of C. laticeo/aii/m.—TaHtmmR. Ci/iiara can/iaicu/iis, Linn. ; DC.Prod.vi.620, var. Sco/i/inu.^{C. Sco/i/miis, Linn. ; DC.l. c. Xhe, Jriic/iolie). A tall stout Thistle, the stems aud underside of the lcaves with moreorlessof a wiiite cottony wool. Leaves largc, deeply pinuatitid, with narrow spinous lobes or teeth. Flower-heads very large, thc bracts much imbricated and fleshy at the base, the hard her- baceous tips spreading, prickly-poiutcd iu the typical wild Cardoon, almost obtusc or notched iu the cultivated Ariiclio/ce. Eeceptacle very tleshy, with bristles between the florets. Florets all tubular, purple. Acheues glabrous. Pappus of unmerous very unequal bristles, the longer ones or iiearly all plumose. — Near Adelaide. Tribe II. Yei{NO\iace/E. — Leaves alternate. Flower-lieads discoid, tlie florets all tubular, liermaphrodite and regular or nearly so. Involucres imbricate. Anthers usualiy obtuse at the base, without tails. Style- branches subuhite and acute, not swollen at the base. The subulate style-branches appear to be constant ia the tribe. They occnr a!so excep- tionaily iu a few geiiera of Asteroldere, Gnapha/iea, or Senecionida, which are, howevcr, readily to be distinguished either by their heterogamous tlower-heads, or by their involucre. The e.xceplioual anthers of P/eurocarpaa occur also in the small group of Mascarene Vernoriiacea, dislinguished by De CaadoUe under the name of Bojeriece. 4. VEIlK"0]SriA, Schreb. Involucre ovoid-globular or hemispherical, the bracts imbricate, not longer than the florels, the inner bracts the longest. Receptacle without scales. Florets aU tubular and equal, regular, with 5 narrow lobes. Anthers obtuse at the base. Style-lobes subulate. Achenes mostly striate or angular, rarely cylindrical. Pappus of nuiuerous capillary bristies, usually surrounded by an outer row of very short often chaft-like bristles, wliich are rarely entirely wauting. — Herbs, or in species not Australian, shrubs or climbers. Leaves alternate. Flower-heads termiual or in the upper axils, in cymes or pauicles or sometimes solitary. llorets usually purple. A very numerous genus, widely spread over the warmer regions of the globe, but most abundaiit in America, where it extends beyoud the tropics both to the norlhward aiid south- ward. lu Australia it is represeuted by a single species, a weed of tropical Asia, ditieriug slightly from the great mass of the genus in its habit, which is neai-Iy that of a Conij~a. 1. V. cinerea, Less.^ DC. Prod. v. 24. Annual or forming a peren- nial rootstock, erect, 1 to 2 feet high, nearly glabrous, scabrous-pul^escent, liirsute, hoary-tonientose or wooUy. Lower leaves petioLate, ovate-oblong or lanceolate, often irreguhirly toothed or sinuate, tlie upper ones few aiul narrow, or occasionally nearly all ovate or nearly all tiarrow. Plower-heads small, on slender peduucles, forming a terminal leatless cymose panicle. In- vohicral lu'acts very acute. Achenes cylindrical, scarcely striate, hairy, Tappus white, the outer row very short, and sometimes rcduced to very few lu'istles. — V. erigerolflcs, DC. Prod. v. 35 ; V. cyanopioides, VValp. in Liuncea, xiv. .509, and probably nearly the wholc of the sectiou T('i)hrodes, DC. 460 ' LXil. COMPOSIT^. [Fenioula. N. Australia. Victoria river and Macadam range, F. Mueller. Queensland. Port Curtis, M^^Gillivrai/ ; Rockiiigham Bay, Port Beiiison, Rock- liaiiiptoii, Dnllachy ; Brisbane river, iloretoa Bay, aud Peak Dovvns, T. Mi'eller ; Keppel Bay, Tlioz,'/. N. S. Wales. Port Jackson to the Blue Mountains, Woolls and others ; northward to Clareiicc and Hastings rivers, Beckler ; New England, C. Stuart ; southward to Twofoid Jiay, Mossnia7i. There are tvvo principal varieties in Australia, one either nearly glahrons or rarcly hirsute, with short rigid hairs, the other very hoary-tonientose or woolly, with softer niore obtiise leaves, and usually snialler flovver-heads, the corolla-lobes also appear shortcr. The flowers very purple or white, but aluiost always purple iu the more glabrous form. 5. CENTRATHERUM, Cass. Involucre imbricate, a few of tlie outer bracts long and leaf-like, the others not longer than the florets, the inuer ones the longest. Eeceptacle uaked. Florets all tubular aud equal, reguhir, with 5 narrow lol)es. Anthers obtuse at the base ; style-lobes subulate. Achencs obloug, nearly cylindrical, striate. Pappus of a single series of rigid, flattened, hirsute, very deciduous, ahnost chati-like bristles. — Herbs or shrubs. Leaves alternate. Flower-heads on terrainal or leaf-opposed peduncles. Involucres hemispherical, Florets usually purple. A small American genus, of which two species, including the Anstralian ouc, have sprcad over several of the warmer regions of the Old World. 1. C. muticum, Less. ; BC. Prod. v. 70. A rigid divaricately-branched herb, probably annual, although with a hard almost woody base, spreading to 3 or 3 ft., glabrous or pubescent. Leaves petiolate, lauceolate-oblong or ai- most ovate, 1 to 3 in. long, coarsely and irregularly toothed. Flcwer-heads often above ^ in. diameter, the outer leafy bracts f to 1 iu. long, the inner ones numerous, with spreading more or less coloured or scarious denticulate tips. Florcts purple, much louger than the iuvolucre. Achenes usually gla- brous, with about 10 very obtuse ribs, the pappus falling ofl:" even before thcy are ripe. Queensland. Brisbane river, Morcton Bay, F. Mueller ; Rockhampton, Dallarhy. N. S. Wales. ilawkesbury river, li. Brown ; Clarcnce river, Beckler, Wilcox ; Bliie Mounlaiiis, j\liss Atkinson. The species is commou in tropical America ; we havc also apparently the same from the Philippiue Islands. 6. PLEUROCARP^A, Benth. Involucre ovoid, the bracts 'i(^\^, herbaceous, imbricate, not so long as the florets. Receptacle without scales. Fiorets all tubular and equal, regular, often incurved, with 5 narrow lobes. Authers sagiltate at the base, the auricles produced into short not fine poiuts. Achenes thick, with prominent ribs. Pappus of 2 to 5 rigid short exceedingly deciduous bristles. — Leaves alternate, entire or toothed. Plower-heads on tern)iiuil peduncles. The genus is limited to a siugle species endemic in Australia, not nearly allied to any one knovvii to me, uiiicss it bc to some anomalous specics of Becaneurum. 1. P. denticulata, Benth. Herbaceous, with hard divaricate or decum- Pleurocarpaa.l Lxii. coMPOSiTiE. 461 beut branclios, ouv specimcus above 1 ft. long, and quite glabrous. Leaves ovate or oval-elliptical, mucronate-acute, contracted into a very short petiole, the larger ones al)ove 2 in. long, irreguhirly bordered by acute teeth, the npper ones smaller and entire. Peduncles terminal, sobtary or 3 together, 1 to 2 in. long or longer after fiowering, slightly thickened under the head. Invohicre about 4 lines long, thickened at the base, the bracts broadly lan- ceoUite, acuminate. riorets about 10 to 20, of a bluisli-purple, the tube ex- ceeding the involucre, often incurved, shortly dilated into a cleeply 5-lobed limb. N. Australia. Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brnwn, who hatl given it the provisioual name of Lipothrix deiiticulata, but he afterwards piiblished as Lipotriche a very differeut Africau plaut. 7. ELEPHANTOPUS, Linn. Plower-heads of 2 to 5 florets, coUected together in compound heads. Involucres compressed, of about 8 bracts, dry, stiif, alternately plaue and couduplicate. Receptacle naked. Florets with 4 uarrow equal lobes, but deeper cleft on oue side, so as to be somewhat palmate. Anthers obtuse at the base. Style-Iobes subulate. Pappus of a few stiflf bristles, somewhat dilatcd at the base. — Stiff herbs, usually grey with appressed often silky hairs. Leaves alternate. A genus of about a dozea American species, one of which is also spread over tropical Africa aud Asia as well as Australia. 1. E. scaber, Linn. ; BC. Prod. v. 86. Stock perennial. Stems stifF, erect, about a foot high, witli a few forked spreading branches, inore or less covered, as vvell as the leaves and involucres, with greyish hairs. Kadical leaves 2 to 4 iu. long, obovate-oblong, more or less crenate, and usually narrowed into a petiole. Stem leaves few and more sessile. Flower-heads closely chistered into terminal hemispherical compound heads, of nearly 1 in. diameter, surrounded by about 4 broadly cordate sessile leafy bracts. In- vohicral bracts naiTow, very pointed, almost prickly. — Wight, Ic. t. 1086 ; Benth. FL Hongk. 170, with the synonyms adduced. N. Australia. Port Essington, Armstron(j. Coniuiou in the warmcr regions of Amtrica, Africa, and Asia. Queensland. Endeavour river, Banks and Solander. Tribe IV. EuPATORiACEiE. — Lcaves usually opposile. Flower-heads discoid, the fiorets all tubular, hermaphrodite, and regiilar or nearly so, An- thers obtuse at the base, without tails. Style-branches elongated, obtuse and usually club-shaped or thickened at the end. This tribe is scarccly Australian, the following three species, perhaps all introduced, are readily distinguished froni all other tribes by their opposite leaves aud club-shaped styles. 8. EUPATORIUM, Linn. Involucre hemispherical, carapanidate or cylindrical, the bracts imbricate, in 2 or more series. Receptacle flat or slightly convex, without scales. 462 LXii. coMPOsiT.^. [E/(j)afori/. Florets numerous pr few, all tubular, hermoplirodite, 5-toothed. Anthers obtuse at the base. Style-branches elonp^ated, obtuse. Achenes 5-ani;-led, without intermediate strise. Pappus of a sing^le series of capillaiy bristles. — Perennial herbs or shnibs or very rarely annuals. Leaves usually opposite. Plower-heads raostly corymbose. Green parts of tlie plant oiteu spriuli^led with resinous dots. A vast gciius, tlit! ccreat niajority of species beiniz: AinericMU, a few ranging over eastcrn Asia, and oue extending to Eui-ope, aud now introduced iuto Australia. *] . £j. cannabixium, Lh/n.; DC. Prod. v. ISO. A perennial with erect stems of 3 to 4 ft., sliglitly pubescent. Leaves divided to the base into 3 broadly lanceolate coarsely-toothed segments, often 4 or 5 in. long, those of the upper leaves smaller and sometimes very narrow, the nppermost leaves rarely undivided. Flower-heads numerous in compact terniiuai heads. Involucres cylindrical, of few unequal bracts, the inner ones often eoloured. Florets usuallv 5, purple or rarely white. — E. Li/tcllcya/ium, P. Muell. Fragm. V. 62, not of DC. Vcry common in the teniperate i-egions of the northorn heniispherc in the Ohl World; it appcars to have established itself on the Tweed rivcr iu HT. S. ^^ales. C. Sluart. 9. AGERATUM, Linn. Involucre florets and style of Ewpalori/im. Achenes auGfular. Pappus of 5 or 10 chafiPy scales or bristles, dilated at the base. — Herbs with tlie oppo- site leaves and habit of E/tpatori////i. A genus of a small number of American spccies, onc of which is spread all over the wrarmer regions of thc glohc. L A. conyzoides, Li//n. ; BC. Prod. v. 108. An erect branching annual, 1 to 2 ft. high, niore or less hirsute with spreading hairs. Leaves opposite, petiolate, ovate, crenate. Flower-heads rather small, in dense ter- minal corymbs. Involucral bracts striate, acute, in about 2 rows. Florets numerons, pale blue or white. Achenes black. Pappus of 5 lanceolate awned cliaffy scales, often serrate in the lower part.— Hook. E\ot. Fl. t. 15 ; F. Muell. Fragm. v. 62. Queansland. Eockhampton, BaUachy. A common wced all over thc warnier regions of thc globe. 10. ADENOSTEMMA, Forst. Flower-heads, florets, and style of L/ipatori///)i. Achenes obovate-oblong, contracted at the base. Pappus of 3, 4, or 5 short stitt' bristles, each tipped by a globular or club-shaped gland. — Herbs, either glabrous or glandular, piibescent. Leaves opposite. Flower-heads usually hemispherical, small. A gcnus of a very few American species, one of which sprcads all round the warmcr zonc of the globe. 1. A. viscosum, Forst.; DC. Prod. v. 111. Stem annual, erect or ascending, rooting at the base, and possibly renewed a second year by a creeping rhizome or stolons, glal)rous or glandular-puliescent, 1 to 2 ft. yfdenosfemma.'] LXii. coMrosiTj;. 463 liigh. Leaves few, opposite, petiolate, from ovate to broadly triaiioular, usLially coarsely tootlied, from barely 1 in. long and ratlier thick and rough, to 3 or 4 in. long, thiu and glabrous. Flower-heads hemispherical, 3 to 4 liues diameter, in a lcose spreading termiual 2- or 3-chotomous pnnicle, with very small leaves nnder the branches. Involucral bracts oblong, in about ?• rows. FIoi'ets numerous, often hairy outside. Acheues more or less muri- cate or rarely quite smooth.— Wight," Ic. t. 1087, 1088. Queensland. Eiuieavoiir river, Baiiks and Solander ; Roclclianiptou aud Rockingliam Bay, Bnirman ; Lizard Island, M'Gillivrai/. N. S. TVales. Hawlcesbury river, R. Brown. S. Australia. Eutrauce to tlie Wurray river, WilJiehni. Probably introduced. This is a couunon weed in the warmer regions of tiie globe, especially in the Old World, where it extends uorthward to Japau. The species should iuclnde all those published by De Candolle and others from the Old World, and at least A. brasiliense and A. iriangulare among the American oues. Tribe IV. AsTEROiDE.^. — Leaves alternate or very rarely opposite. Flower-heads either heterogaraous or dicecious, the female florets hgulate or filiform, the hermajjhrodites or males tubular, and 4- or 5-toothed, or in very few exceptional species all the florets hermaphrodite and tubuhir. Anthers obtuse acute or tailed at the base. Style-branches in the hermaphrodite florets usually more or less flattened, produced beyond the stigmatic lines into short and obtuse or lanceolate or abnost subulate tips, papillose on tlie outside. The majority of the genera are easily distinguished irom Anthemidefe and Senecionidce by the style, a few, however, with the disk-tlorets sterile, have, like similarly sterile disk-fiorets in Anthemidece and Gnaphaliecp, fhe style uudivided and obtiise or truucate without stig- matic lines. For these cases no positive character can be given, but the geuera or species must be classed from general affiuity or minor charaeters. Thus Minuria is distiuguishcd from Anthemidea by the pappus, and Pluchea and the allied genera from GnaphaliecB by tbe foliage and iuvolucre. Very rarely the style-brauches are ahnost subulatc, but then the {'emale florets preveut any coufusion with Fernotiiacece. 11. OLEARIA, Moench. (Eurybia, Cass. ; Steetzia, Sond.^ Involucres from broadly hemispherical to naiTOw-ovate, the bracts imbri- cate in several rows, the margins more or less dry or scarious, without her- baceous tips. Receptacle pitted, the borders of the pits often denticulate, but without scales. Florets of the ray female iu a single row, or fewer than those of the disk, usually ligulate, spreading, very rarely slender and flliform or deficient. Disk-florets numerous or few, hermaphrodite, tubular, gradually tapering to the base in most species of the flrst two sections, more abruptly coutracted in some others, usually 5-Iobed. Anthers often acute at the base or with minute tails, rarely obtuse. Style-Iobes flattened with short obtiise or rarely lanceolate appendages, papillose on ihe back. Achenes striate, terete or slightly compressed. Pappus of numerous, usually unequal, capil- lary bristles. — Shrubs undershrubs or very rarely herbs. Leaves alternate or rarely opposite. Heads solitary, corymbose or pnniculate, terminal but sometimes appearing axillary from the shortness of the flowering branches. Eay-florets white or 1)1 ue. Disk-florets yellow or rarely purplish or even 464 LXiT. coMPOSTTyE. [Oleaiia. blue. The iii(liimciitiim of tlie underside of the lea^es is usually more or less present also on the branches and inflorescence. Thc gcnus is liniited to Australasia, there being, hesides the 6.3 Australian spccies, which arc all cndcnnic, only about 20 others, all natives of New ZeahmJ. It is, however, very closcly allicd to the extensive genus^.s^??-, widcly ditrused ovcr the teinpcrate reg'ons of the northcrn hemisphere, cspecially in Anierica, not scparatcd indccd from Olearia by any one definitc charactcr, and F. Mueller has recently proposcd to unite tlie wiiole and sevcral others to Aster itself. It appears to me, hovvever, that indepcndently of the convenience of retainiug Olearia for the Australasian spccics, there is iittie ris]< of its being confounded with the northern genus. The habit of most species is very diifercnt. AVhere the achenes are the saine or nearly so (as in the North American Biotias, vvhich have the achenes as little compressed as in a few Anstralian species), the foliaceous-tipped involucral bracts of the former are a ready distinction. Some Australian spccies again are separatcd from all the Amcrican ones by their styles, others by their antlicrs, aud inost of them by the indu- mentnm. Thcrc a])pcar to bc indeed better grouuds for maintaining Olearia as distinct from Aster than for rctaining Erigero7i, which passes so gradually into it, and that again into Conyza, and if all these were uuited into oue, we should have a group quite unmanageable without dividing it into sections corresponding to the present geuera, which would be in fact retaining the prcsent arrangement, but with all the evils consequeut ou the nominal change. That Olearia and Eiiri/hia are inseparable evcn as sections has bcen shown by J. D. Hooker, Archer, aud othcrs, and I Ibllow J. D. Hookcr in adopting the formcr as thc ohler name. Schultz-Bipontiuus, under the idea that the gcnus is the S/iawia of Forster, ado|)ts the lattcr name, aud accordiugly, in the ' Pollichia,' gives to all published species, good or bad, ncw namcs, as Shawias. This is, however, a mistake. Forster considci-ed thc true Olearias as Asters, and founded Skaivia on a plant characterized specially by soiitary florcts. It proved aftcrwards that this was not a constant character, and bis genus was suppressed, and the circumstauce that this abnormal peculiarity occurs ou some specimcns of oue species of Olearia, can surely be no reason for now transfcrring the namc founded on it to a large geiius where it has uot bcen observed in any other spccies. In tlie subdivisiou of Olearia, I have adopted the main sections proposed by Areher (Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 17, 20), founded on the indumentum, which, with the e.xception of two or thrcc specics whcre it almost disappcars, secms to be the most available in a genus where so many spccics pass into each othcr by almost inseusible gradations. Section I. Dicerotriche. — Indumentum of tJie iindersideof tlie leaves (usually eitlier sihery-shininy , tomentose or loosely villous) consisting of centrally-attached or divari- cately forked {^^-shajjed) hairs, otherwise simple. Lcaves oppositc. Leavcs obloug, flat, 2 to 4 in. long, densely toincntose underneath. Flovvcr-heads large. Ray-florets usually 10 to 12 . . . . 1. 0. megalojphyUa. Flowcr-heads small. Kay-florets usually 2 or 3 2. (?. chrysophylla. Leavcs narrow-oblong, with recurved niargins, dcnseiy silky underneath 3. 0. alpicola. Leaves linear, with revolute margins 4. 0. rosmarinifolia. Leaves lanceolate, viscid, sraooth (not rugose) abovc, whitc under- neath 5. 0. viscosa. Leaves aiternate. Flower-heads vcry large, solitary, on long peduncles. Leavcs ovate, 2 to 4 in. long. Leaves dcnticulatc, closely silky or silvery underneath . . . 6. 0. grandiflora. Lcavcs mostly cntirc, dcnscly aud softly cottony underneath . 7. 0. pannosa. Flower-heads small, numerous and panicuiate, or rather largcr and shortly pcduncnlatc. Induincntum closc. Leaves promincntly rcticulate on the uppcr surface. Leaves broadly ovatc or elliptical, mostly 3 or 4 in. loiig, en- tirc or slightly toothed. Olearia.] LXli. composit.t:. ' 465 Indumentum very silvery aud close. Involueres narrow- cylindrical, few-flowered 8.0. oligantheMa. ludumentugi silvery and close. Involucres turbinate, few- flowered 9. O. argnphyUa. Indumentum white and soft. Involucres hemispherical, many-flowered 10. 0. cydonitsfolia. Leaves from obovate to obloug or lanccolate, mostly obtuse, sinuate-toothed and under 2 iu. long 11. 0. myrsinoidei. Leaves not reticuUite on the upper sui face. Leaves obovate or oblong, entire, under 1 in. loug . . . 13. 0. persoonioides. Leaves smali, cuueate, mostly toothed at the end .... 13. 0. ohcordata. Leaves narrow-linear, crowded. Leaves pungent-pointed, mostly above 1 in. long . . . 14. 0. pinifolia. Leaves obtuse, mostly \ in. long 15. 0. ledifolia. riower-heads rather large, usually pedunculate aud coryrabose. Leaves ovate, loosely tomentose underneath 10. 0. dentata. Section II. Asterotriche. — Indumentnm qf the under side of tJic leaves consisting of stellate hairs, sometiiiies very close and alinost mealy. Leaves alternate, mostly tootbed or sinuate. Leaves ovate-oblong or lanceolate, smooth or scabrous above. riower-heads rather small. Involucres broadly turbinate. Achenes hairy 17. 0. stellulata. Leaves oblong-linear, sinuate-toothed, obtuse. Flower-heads rather large. Achenes hairy 18. (9. asferotricha. Leaves ovate-lanceolate or oblong, very rugose. Flower-heads large. Achenes glabrous 19. 0. gravis. Leaves ovate-lauceolate, acute, rather thin and somewhat gluti- nou§. Flower-heads iu pedunculate corymbs 20. 0. Nernstii. Leaves alternate or opposite, narrow, quite eutire. Leavcs alteruate, narrow-liuear 21. 0. hygrophila. Leaves mostly opposite, lanceolate 22. 0. visciduta. Section III. Eriotriche. — Indumentum of the under side of the leaves consisting of densely intricate woolly hairs. Leaves alternate, often smatt. Flower-heads (usually small and ovoid) axillary or on very short axillary brauchlcts, forming long leafy racemcs. Ray-florets slender, tubular, much shorter than the eutire part of the style 23. 0. tuhnliflora. Ray-florets ligulate, but shorter than their style 24. 0. axillaris. Ray-florets ligulate, scarcely louger than tiieir style. Flower- heads sessile. Western species. Leaves 3 to 6 lines long, linear to oblong-cuneate, with recurved margius 25. 0. revoluia. Leaves 1 to 2 liues long, linear, with revolute margins . . . 26. 0. exilifolia. Ray-florets conspicuously exceeding the style. Easteru species. Leaves 1 to 4 lines long, obovate to obloug-linear, the upper surface glabrous or scabrous 27. 0. ramulosa. Leaves under 1 line, narrow, the upper surface glabrous or scabrous. Flower-heads usually very small aud nu- merous 28. 0. floribunda. Leaves mostly under 1 line and ofteu under \ line, obovate oblong or globular, the npper surfece glabrous or tomen- tose 29. 0. lepidophylla. Leaves narrow-linear, 3 to 6 lines long. Flower-heads form- ing short, dense, terminal, leafy racemes 30. 0. subspicaia. VOL. II. 2 H 46() i,xil. coMPOsiTvE. [Olearia. Western species. Leaves very small, inostly oboviite and 3-tootlied .... 31. 0. eriguifoUa. Leaves narrow-linear, ^ to f in. lonir, quite entire . . . 32. 0. Cassinia. Flower-heatls nsualiy hemispherical, termiual, solitary or corymbose. Rays couspicuous. Leaves niosty reflexeJ, clustered, about 1 line loug. Flower- heads solitary 33. 0. ramosissima. Leaves oblonii-cunente, 3 to 4 lines long. Fiovver-heads solitary, on long brauchlets 34. 0. 'pimelcoides. Flower-heads corymbose or on short branchlets 35. O. iodockroa. Leaves linear, 2 to 4 lines long, with revolute margius. Plaut glanduhTr-pubescent and slightly vvoolly 36. 0. aderwlasia. (See also 51, 0. muricata, which is sometimes very near 0. adenohsia, 50. 0. fie- leophila, which has otteu a little wool about the iuvohicre, aud 62. 0. argitta, which has the young foliage sometimes woolly.) Flower-heads cyliudrical, with fcw tubular florets, without auy ray . 37- 0. conorephala. Section IV. Adenotriche. — Flavt glabrous, i(suaUij glutinous. Invohicre ovoid, turbinate or rareJy hendsjjkerical, the bracts iisuaUij obtuse, rigid, scariovs on tlie margins and oflen ciUate. Flov/^er-heads solitary or in leafy corymbs or panicles. Leaves fiat, obovate cuneate or oblong-linear, mostly toothed. Flovver-heads solitary, almost sessile above the last leaf. Flowcr-heads very large. luvolucre broadiy turbinate, above \ in. long. Leaves narrow, cuueate 38. 0. magnijtora. Leaves small, obovate 39. 6*. calcarea. Flower-lieads small. luvolucre almost hemispherical, 3 to 4 lines lons;. Leaves small, obovate 40. 0. MueUeri. Leaves narrovv, oblong or lanceolate 41. (9. Siuariii. Leaves flat, linear or liuear-cuneate, entire or toothed. Flowcr-heads small, solitary or in an oblong panicle .... 42. 0. decurrens. Flower-heads ovoid, corymbose 43. 0. glutinosa. Leaves linear or small, quite entire, with revohite margins. Flower-heads ovoid (except 0. imbricata), ueariy sessile, soii- tary or corymbose. Leaves siender, 5 to in. iong or more. Eastern species . . 43. 0. ylutinosa. Leaves erect or spreadlng, about -4- in. long. Western species . 44. 0. passerinoides. Leaves erect, nnder i iu. \q\\%. Eastern species 45. 0. teretifolia. Leaves very spreadiug or rccurved, imder 3 iu. iong. Eastern species 46. 0. llookeri. Leaves very short, thiclv, spreading. Invoiucre more hemi- spliericdl. Wcstern spccies 47. 0. imbricata. (See also 0. tenuifolia, which has the involucral bracts rather obtuse.) Fiower-heads smali, nunierous, in a icaiiess corymbose panicle. Leaves eiliptical-oblong or lanceolate, \\ to 3 in. long .... 48. 0. elliptica. Leaves narrow-linear, 4 to H in. long 49. 0. glandulosa. Section V. Merisxnotriche. — Glabroies, glandular-pmbescent or hirsute, and oflen glutinous, the hairs simple rigid, white or transjtarent and septate. Involucre hemisphe- rical, with narrow, usually acute bracts. riower-heads teniiinal, the peduncles mostly sliortcr thaii the heads. Leaves usually «nder ^ in. iong. Involucrcs undcr \ in. diameter. Glabrous or ^lightly glanduIar-piibcsCent. Leavcs lincar, vvith Olearin.] i,xii. coMPOsiTiK. 467 sligiitly recurved niargiiis, srnall aiid distant or long aud crowded. Panicles loose, divaricatc 50. 0. /ie/eop/ii/ni. Glabrous glEndular-pubcsccut or nniricale. Leavcs liuear, the margius revolute, sniall aiid obtuse. P.inicles loose, divaricate 51. 0. wvricata. Muricate, scabrous or hispid. Pauiclcs loose, divaricate. Leaves linear, mucrouate, erect, the margins revolute . . . 52. 0. sirignsa. Leaves obovate-cuneate or almost liuear, entu-e or 3-tootlied . 53. 0. panciderdata. Very glandular-pubescent. Leaves linear. Pauicles oblong, narrow .... 54. 0. sfricta. Flower-hcads rathcr large, fevv, terminal or in the upper axils, on peduncles shorter than or rarely exceeding the leaves. Leaves linear, 5 to 2 in. long. Slightly glandular-pubesccnt. Leaves sh nder. Peduncles mostly exceeduig the leaves. Involucre scarcely ^ iu. diameter . . 55. O. temnfoha. Very viscid-pubescent or hirsute. Corymb dense. luvolucre about -^- iu. diainettr, the bracts unequal 56. 0. adenophora. Vcry scabrous. Flower-heads few, aluiost sessile. Involucre uearly '\ in. diMiueter, the bracts nearly equal 57- 0. /lomolepis. Leaves obloug-c;meate or almost linear, toothed. Plant ghibrous, ghitinous. Iiivolucrcs much iinbricate 41. 0. Stuaitii. Leaves obovate or oblcng. crcnate, very viscid. Pcduncles longer than the leaves. Involucres scarcely i iii. diameter .... 58. 0. xerop/nla. riower-heads solitary, on peduucles very uiiich longer than the leaves. Leaves obovate-obloug to lanceolate. Glabrous. Peduucles with sabidate hracts. Invohicre much shorter than the disk 59. 0. Ferresii. Glabrous or hispid. Peduncles without any or with only oue bract. luvolucre as long as the disk. Leaves iiiostly oblong, obtuse, coarscly toothed. Southcru and Wcstern species 60. 0. rndi.i. Leaves lanceolate, acute, entire or with 2 or 3 acute teeth towards theciid. Tropical species 62. 0. arrjuta. Leaves liuear. Leaves hoary-hispid 61. 0. picridifolia. Leaves ciliate, otherwise glabrous 63. 0. ciliata. 'Euryhia c/m/sotrir/ia, Teu. Cat. Hort. Neap. 85, is supposed by Lindlcy, Bot. Reg. Misc. 1841, 19, to beVrom Australia. Tenore howcver says that it was raised from seed sent by Bon- pland from America. At any rate the character given is wholly insufBcient for identifyiiig it. Sectiox I. DiCEROTKicHE, ArcJief. — Indiiinentum of the under side of the leaves (usually either silveiy-shining- tomentose or loosely villous) con- sisting of centrally attached or divaricately forked (T-shaped) hairs, otherwise simple. 1. O. megalophylla, F. Mnell. Frogm. v. 70. A tall slirnb, the indn- mentura dense, almo.st woolly, consisting of rather loose divaricately foriced hairs. Leaves opposite, shortly petiolate, broadly or narrow-oblong, obtuse, 2 to 4 in. long, coriaceous, sbining above, densely tomentose nnderneath. Flower-heads rather large, in a teruiinal corymb. Involucre broadly ovoid or almost hennspherical, tomentose, 3 or 4 lines long, much inibricale. Eay- florets about 10 to 12. Disk-florets more nuraerous. Anthers with small but distiuct points at the base. Style-appendages very short, obtuse. Achcnes nearly glabrous. Pappus nearly equal or a few of the outer bristles rather Z }1 tl 4()S Lxii. coMrosiT.i;. [^OIenrio. shorter. — Eurylna vmjalophylla, F. Muell. in Proc. Roy. Soc. Tasm. iii. 228 ; Aster viegalophyUns, F. Muell. Fnifiin. v. 70. Victoria. Bushy declivities of the Australian Alps, Cobberas mouutaius, Mount Buller, etc, /''. MKcller. This aud the two followiug species are very closely allied to each olher. 2. O. chrysophylla, Btnth. A shrub, attainiiig 6 ft. (^. Cimn.), the indumeiitum soiuetiines close ancl silvery, but more frequently dense aud soft, vvhite or brown, souietimes quite woolly, consisting of centrally-attached or divaricately-forked hairs. Leaves opposite, oblong, obtuse, entire or sinuate- denticulate, 3 to 4 in. long, glabrous on the upper side. Flower-heads nu- meroas, sraall, in corymbose panicles. Involucres ovoid, pubescent or nearly glabrous. Florets about 6 to 8, of which 2 or 3 are rays. Anthers with minute poitits at the base. Style-appendages short, obtnse, Pappus nearly equal. — Eurybia chrysophylla, DC. Prod. v. 266; Euryhia ojypositifolia,'^. Muell. Fragui. ii. 88. N. S. Wales. In the interior, N. of Bathurst, A. Cunningham ; Guy-rox Peak, Arne river, and Mouut Mitchell, BecHer ; also Macleay river, Beckler, with a very dense wool. 3. O. alpicola^ F. Muell. Fraym. v. 70. A tall shrub, the indumentura dense, abnost silvery, consistiug of iutricate stipitate forked or centrally at- tachcd hairs. Leaves mostly opposite, shortly petiolate, oblong-lanceolate to almost linear, 2 to 4 in.long,coviaceous, glabrous on the upper side, the margins slightly recurved. Flower-heads numerous, small, in a terminal corymbose panicle. Livobicre ovoid, tomentose, with about 4 to 6 ray-florets and rather more numerous disk-florets. Anthers with minute points at tlie base. Style- appendages short, obtuse. Achenes glabrous (in all the specimens examined). Pappus nearly equal. — Euryhia alpicola, F. Muell. in Proc. lloy. Soc. Tasm. iii. 229 ; Aster alpicola, F. Muell. Fragra. v. 70. Victoria. Alon? rivulets aud springs in the Australian Alps, at an clevation of 4000 to 5000 fcct, F. Mueller. 4. O. rosmarinifolia, Benth. An erect shrub with virgate branches, hoary or silvery with a close tomentum, consistiug of centrally attached hairs. Leaves opposite, sessile, uarrow linear, acute or obtuse, raostly \\ to 3 in. long, ghibrous or scabrous above, the margins so closely revolute as to con- ceal the toineutose under-surface except the midrib. Flower-heads on axilhiry peduiicles, forming usually a terminal leafy panicle. luvoUicre tur- biuate, tomeutose. Ray-florets 6 to 8 ; disk-florets more numerous. Authers attenuate at tlie base, but without prominent points. Style-appendages obtuse. Acheues ghT,nduhu--papillose, not hairy. Pappus rather unequal, but no very short bristles. — Euryhia rosmarinifolia, DC. Prod, v. 268. N, S, Wales, In the interior north of Bathurst, A. Cunningham ; New Eugland, C. Sluart ; tributaries of Clarence river, Beckler. Also in Leichhardfs coUection. 5. O. viscosa, Benth. A bushy shrub of 4 to 5 ft., the young shoots often viscid. Leaves opposite, petiolate, oblong-lanceolate, narrowed at both ends but usually obtuse, 2 to 3 in. long, glabrous above, silvery-white under- neath with a close tomentuai consisting of ceutrally attaehed hairs. Flower- heads small, numerous, in corymbose panicles. Involucral bracts few, glabrous or glandular-pubescent. Florets usiially 4 to 6, of which 1 or 2 Olearia.] LXIl. COMPOSITyE. +'''y are li^iilate. Anthers with distiiict points at the base. Style-appendages very short. Aclieues glabrous or hairy iu tlie upper part. Pappus equal or with a few rather shorter bristles. — Aster viscosus, Labill. Pl. Nov. HoU. ii. 53. t. 203 ; E>u-i/bia viscosa, Cass. ; DC. Prod. v. 266 ; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 173. Victoria. Oii the shores of Lake King, F. Mueller. Tasmania. Derweut river and islauds of Bass's Straits, R. Brown. Abundant on the sides ot" mountains, especially in the southern parts of the colony, emitting a stroug inusky smell, J. D. Hooker. De Candolle refers here Balhisia Caledonice, Spreng. Syst. iii. 569, said by the latter anthor to be froni New Calcdonia, Forsler, but this is probably a mistake. 6. O. grandiflora, HooTc. Ic Pl. t. 862. Stature apparently of 0. paniiosa. Brnnches, peduncles aud uuder side of tlie leaves densely clothed with a close glossy intricate tomentuiu, white or reddish and consisting of centrally attached hairs. Leaves alternate, petiohite, ovate or elliptical, acutely deiiticuhite, narrowed at the base, 2 to 5 in. loug, quite ghd)rous aud reticuhite on the upper side as in 0. pannosa but of a thinner texture. Flower-heads hemispherical, on long terminal peduncles like those of 0. pan- nosa, biit still larger. Fiorets, achenes and pappus of 0. pannosa. — Steelzia grandifiora, Sond. in Liiinaea, xxv. 402 ; Aster Sonderi, F. Muell. Fragm. v. 83. S. Australia. Lofty and Oukaparinga ranges, F. Mueller ; uear Adelaide, C.Butlon. 7. O. pannosa, Hook. Ic. Pl. nnder n. 862. A shrub of several feet or sometimes an undershrub, the branches, peduncles and under side of the leaves clothed with a solt dense white or reddish tomentura, consisting of centrally attached hairs and sometimes abnost woolly. Leaves alternate, petiolate, from broadly ovaie-cordate to oblong, obtuse, entire, 2 to 3 iu. long, glabrous above, with the reticulatioiis often much depressed. Flower- heads large, hemispherieal, terminal or on axillary peduncles, often thickened uuder the head. Involucres often above 1 iu. diamer, tlie bracts imbricate, acute, the inner ones as loug as the disk. Ray-florets f to 1 in. long, An- thers of the disk-florets acute at the base, but without protruding poinls. Style-kibes long, with short obtuse appendages. Achenes long, hirsute, Pappus very copious, the outer bristles gradually shorter. — Steetzia pannosa, Soud. in LiuuEea, xxv. 451 ; S. ovata, Sond. I. c. 452, and S. Muelleri, Sond. 1. c. 453; Aster pannosns, F. Muell. Fragm. v. 83; Eurt/bia pannosa, F. Muell. Pl. Vict. t. 32 ; E. cardiophylla, F. iMuell. in Linnfea, xxv. 398. Victoria. Mount Remarkable, Light River, Mount M'Ivor, F. Mtieller. S. Australia. Summit of a mountain near Port Lincoln, R. Broion ; on the Murray, Whtttaknr ; Rivoli Bay, F. Maeller, Robertson ; Tattiara country, Woods ; Port Lincoln, WilheUii. The narrow-leaved forms with more numerous flower-heads are apparently from old shrubs, the large broad-leaved ones with very long peduncles and large heads, probably from hixurianl shoots grown up whcu old stems have beeu cut dovTn. 8. O. oliganthema, F. Muell. Herb. Apparently allied to 0. argophjlla. Leaves in the speciuiens alteruate, petiolate, ovate, about 2 in. long, entire or slightiy sinuate-toothed, glabrous aud reticulate above, silvery-shining uiiderneath with a very close tomentum consisting of centrally attached hairs. Flower-heads simill auil uumerous in a deiise teniiinal corvmb. Livolucres '170 LXii. COMPOSITJC. [Olearia. cylindrical, nearly glabrous. Florets 4 to G, of wliicli 1 or 2 li^ulate. Antliers with rainute points. Style-lobes long, with short obtuse appeu- dages. Achenes glandular-pubescent. Pappus of unequal bristles, some of the inner ones thickened upwards. VS. S. "Wales. Ehie Moiuitains, C. Moore, Woolls, iii both eases single small speci- meiis iii Ilerb. F. Muellcr. 9. O. argophylla, F. Muell. Fragm. v. 68. A tree attainiug 20 to 25 ft., emitting a strong musky smell, the iuduuientum close and silvery- shining, consisting of centrally affixed hairs. Leaves alternate, petiolate, from oval-elliptical to oblong-lauceolate, acute at both ends, more or less callous-denticulate or rarely quite entire, 3 to 5 in. long, very much reticulate and glabrous above or with rainute shiuiug hairs, silvery-silky undemeath. Fiower-heads small, nuraerous, in large termiunl oorymbs. Invobiere obloug- turbinate. Ray-florets about 3 to 5 ; dislc-tiorets 6 to 8. Anthers with niiuiite poiuts at the base soraetiraes scarcely perccptible. Style-appendages short, obtuse. Achenes snariugly hirsute. Pappus copious, nearly equal, except a few short outer bristles, which are rarelv wauting. — Aster argo- pliyllus, Labill. Pl. Nov. Holl. ii. 52. t..201 ; Bot. Mag. t. 1563 ; F. Muell. Fragm. v. fiS ; Eurijhm aryophjlla, Cass. ; DC. Prod. v. 267; Hook. f. FI. Tasui. i. 172. • W. S. 'Wales. Port Jackson, IPJ/^^ar; Mitlagong range, Woolh. Victoria. Geiioa river and Sumut river, i*'. 3fw^//er ; Coruer lulet, WUheJmi ; BuUa- rofk Kange, IFhan. Tasmania. Dervveiit river and Port Dalrymple, 7?. Broivii. — Comiuon iii forests iu rich danip soils. J. D. Hooker. 10. O. cydonisefolia, Beuth. A tall shrub, the iiuluraputura soft, very white, not so close as in 0. argophijUa, but sirailarly cousisting of centrally affixed hairs. Leaves alternate, petiolate, ovate or elliplical, obtuse or almost acute, eutire or slijihtly sinuatc-t-jothcd, mostly 3 to 4 iu. long, the U])per surface glabrous, at first siuooth but finely reticulate wheu full growu, Avhite- tomeutose underneath. Flower-heads larger thau in 0. argophjlla, in ter- niinal ])anicles. Involucres hemispherical, tomeutose, euclosing numerous fiorets but ouly seeu voung. — Aster ci/douuefolius, A. Cunn. Herb. ; Euryhia cydonuefolia, DC. Prod. V..267 ; E. BecMeri, F. Muell. Veg. Chath. Isl. 21. W. S. Wales, In the N.W. interior, Fra^er ; Clarence river, Beckler ; Apsley FalLs, Li'ichhar'lt. The New Zealand station given by De Candolle arose froui some mis- take. Cuniiiiigham's specimeus, as appears froin his herbarium, were fi-om Fraser. 11. O. myrsinoides, T. Muell. Frofjm. v. 69. A shrub, usually low and straggliiig or deusely l)ushy, thc branches, peduncles aud uuder side of the leaves closely silvery or silky-tomentose Avith ccntrally attached hairs. Leaves alternatc, in the original form nearly sessile, obovate to ol)Ioug, very obtuse, minutely deuticulate. uuder \ in. long, the upper surface glai)rous, shiuing aud nuich rcticulate. Flower-heads in the original form narrow, 3 to 5 together on axillary peduncles formiug a leafy obloug panicle. Invo- lucre obconical. Florets 4 to 8, of which 2 or 3 ligulate. Anthers with more or less distiuct minute points at the base or sometimes scarcely acute. Stylc-appendages short, obtuse. Acheucs glabrous. Pajipus-bristles nume- Oiearia.'] LXll. COMPOSIT.K. 471 rous aiid very uiieqiia]. — Asfer myrsinoides, Labill. Pl. Nov. Holl. ii. 53. t. 20:2 ; r. Muell. Frao-m. v. 69 ; Eunjhia wyrsinoides, Nees, Gen. et Sp. Ast. 14.() ; DC. Prod. V. 268 ; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 174. Victoria. Port Phillip, R. Brown ; Dclatite river, Loddon plaius, WiIsou's Promoiitory, etc., F. Muel/er. Tasmania. Port Dalrymplc aiul Dervveut river, R. Brown ; generally in hilly diitricts, /. D. Hooker. Var. serrata, DC. Leaves sessile, obovatc to rililou^, i to 1 in. louix, rounded at the end but acutely and rigidly denticulate. riorets 4 to 8 iu the head. — ^Mount Disappointment and ^Yilion's Promoutory, F. MueHer. ♦ Var. eruhescens, F. Muell. Leaves shortly petiolate, obovate, oblong or lanceolatc, ofteii acute, l to 2 in. long, acutely aud rigidly or rarely rainutely denticulate. Heads larger with 3 to 5 florets in the rav aud 6 to 8 in the disk or even more. — Aster eruhescens, Sieb. Pl. Exs. ; EHn/hia erubescens, DC. Prod. v. 207 ; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 173. W. S. Wales. Port Jackson to the Blue iMountains and in the iuterior to Lachlau river, A. and R. Cunnlngham, Sieber, n. 339, and others. Victoria. Rocky barrcn scrubby pkices froin the Glenelg to Wilson's Pronioutory, in the Grampians, aud over a great part of Australia Feli.x. F. Mneller and others. Tasmania. Dcrwent river, R. Broxon ; not uuCrequeut throughout the island, /. D. Hooker. Ail the varieties are s;'dd to smell of nnisk. 12. O. persoonioides, Benth. A dwarf busliy sln-ub rarely exceeding 3 ft. Leaves alteniate, petiolate, from obovate to obloug, very obtuse, uar- rowed at the base, f to \\ in. long, very smootir and shiuing above, silvery or sillcy-tonieutose underueath vvith ceutrally attached hairs. Flower-heads small, rather numeroiis, formiug leafy pauicles. luvohicres ovoid. Eay- florets 3 or 4, white ; disk-florets about 10 to 12. Authers with minute poiuts at the base. Style-appeudages ahnost scute. Achenes hairy. Pappus with a few outer shorter bristles. — Eurybia persoonioides, UC. Prod. v. 267 ; llook. f. Fi. Tasm. i. 174. Tasmania. Table iMountain, Derwent river, R. Brovrn; generally iu alpine situa- tions, ./. Z>. Hooker. Var. lanceolata. Leaves lauceolate, almost acute. Flower-heads fewer, but scarcely larger. Achenes glabrous. Var. alpina. Fiovver-heails fewer aud laraer, vvith rather more florets. Achenes glabrous. — Euri/bia alpina, Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 174. t. 42. Ouly in alpiue situations, /. D. Hooker. 13. O. obcordata, Benth. A small bushy shrub of about 2 ft. witli a strovig uiusky odour (-/. D. Hooker). Leaves alleruate, cuueate and obtusely 3- or 5-toothed at the end or obcordate, mostly uuder \ in. loug, the upper surface as in 0. "persoonioides, glabrovs and not reticulate, the uuder surfnce white with a close tomeutum cousisting of ceutrally attached hairs. Flower- lieads mostly solitary, peduuculate. Involucres ovoid, Avith about 3 or 4 ligu- late florets, and about as nuniy in the dis^. Anthers with very minute points r.t tlie base or ouly acute. Stvle-appendages rather obtuse. Achenes glal)roiis. Pappus slightlv unequal. — Enryhia ohcordata, Hook. f. in Hook. Loiid. Journ. vi. 108 ; Fl. f asm. i. 174. t. 42 ; Aster obcordatus, F. Muell. Fragra. v. 69. Tasmania. Table Moimtaiu, Derweut river, R. Broicn ; generally on mountains at frora 3000 to 4000 feet, /, D. Hoolcer. 14. O. pinifolia, Benih. A rigid busliy shrub, with stout tomeutose 473' Lxii. COMPOSIT.E. [Olearia'. branclies. Leaves alternate, crowded, narrow-linear, rigid, pungent-pointed, the margins closely revolute, f to l^ in. long, glabrous ancl smooth above, the under side silvery-silky with centrally-attached hairs, but almost wholly concealed. Flower-heads mostly solitary, peduncidate. Involucre turbinate. Ray-florets about 8 to 10, those of the disk rather more numerous. Anthers with points at the base, but I have not found them so distiiictly tailed as tigiired. Style-appendages sliort, obtuse. Achenes glabious. Pappus ratlier unequal. — Eu7'ybia pinifolia, Hook. f. in Hook. Lond. Journ. vi. 108, aiid in Fl. Tasm. i. 177. t. 45 ; Aster pinifolius, ¥. Muell. Fragm. v. 71. Tasmania. Table Mountain, Uerweiit river, R. Brown ; Mount Wellington and Vale of Belvoir, Gunn ; Mount Lapeyrouse, C. Stuart. 15. O. ledifolia, Bcnth. A small busliy or diffuse shrub, with thick branches. Leaves aUernatc, crowded, oblong-linear, obtuse, with closely revolute margins, under f in. long, the upper surface gkibrous or sprinkled with a few centrally-attaclied hairs, tlie under side rusty or silvery-tomentose. Fiower-heads solitary on peduucles rarely as long as the leaves. Invohicre tiubinate, with obtuse bracts. Ray-florets about 8 to 10 ; disk-fiorets rather inore numerous. Anthers w'ith distinct points at the base. Style-appendages short, obtuse. Achenes glabrous. Pappus with a few of the outer bristles shorter thau the others. — Eurijbia UdifoJia, DC. Prod. v. 269; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 177 ; Aster ledifolius, A. Cunn. Herb. Tasmania. Table Mountain, Uerweut river, 11. Brown ; siniiinit of Monnt Wellington, Frasrr aiul otlier.s; .Mount Lapeyrouse, C. Stuart. 16. O. dentata, Moench; BC. Prod. v. 271. A tall rather coarse slirub, the braiiclies and undet side of the leaves densely tomentose, with divaricate stipitate hairs. Leaves alternate, petiolate, ovate or almost orbi- cular, obtuse, sinuate coarsely-toothed or entire, mostly 1 to 2 in. long, or wlien very luxuriant longer and narrower, rather thick, scabrous or ioosely hairy on the upper side. Flower-heads large, on peduncles very variable in length, not numerous, but forming usually a terminal corymb. Involiicre hemispherical, \ to f in. diameter. Ray-iiorets ratlier numerous, white or blue ; disk-florets scarcely exceeding the involucre. Anthers without promi- nent points. Style-appendages very sliort and obtuse. Achenes usually very hairy. Pappus-bristles in two distinct series, the outer ones not half so long as the iniier ones. — Aster dentatus, Andr. Bot. Eep. t. 61 ; A. tomentosus, Sclirad. in Wetull. Sert. Hann. 8. t. 24 (DC.) ; J. ferrurii}ieus,\\t\\A\. m Flora, 1S19, 676; Diplopappus rotundifolius, Less. in Linnaea, vi. 116; Olearia rotuudifoiia, DC. Prod. v. 271. N. S. Wales. Port Jackson to the Blue Monntains, U. Brnwn, Sieher, n. 341, and others ; southwaid to lilawarra, Backhowse ; aiul fwofold Bay, /'. Mueller. Soine botanisls distiuguish 0. rotundfftlia froin O dentata Ijy the longer peduncles, cthcrs reverse these characters. Specimens with toothnd lcaves have usualiy but uot always sinaller flower-heads than those with entire leavcs, and niay have been taken from older plants. I caiinot perceive any constaat ditrereiipc iii tlie colour of the pappus except what uiay be attributed to the process of desiccation. Section II. AsTEROTRiCHE, Archer. — Indumentum of the under side of llif leaves consisting of stellate hairs. Olearia.'] LXII. COMPOSIT.E. 473 The indumentura is generally very distinct from that of any other section. It is only when it is very close aud short, as in 0. viscidula, that it requires some cai"e to distiuguish it froin that of the section Dicerotriche. 17. O. stellulata, BG. Prod. v. 272. An erect slirub of 3 to 5 ft. Leaves alteniate, oblong or lanceolate, obtuse or acute, more or less sinuate- toothed or rarely ahnost entire, glabrous scabrous or stellate-hairy above, wliite or rusty undevneath with a dense stellate tomentuin, varying in size froin all under \ in. in some specimens to above 2 or even 3 in. in others. Heads in the original form rather small, in leafy panicles. Involucre turbi- nate. Eay-florets about 8 to 12; disk-florets rather more numerous. Antliers scarcely auriculate. Style-appendages alujost acute. Achenes more or less hirsute. Pappus with a distinct external series of short bristles. — Astcr stelhdafus, Labill. Pl. Nov. HoU. ii. .50. t. 196 ; Earybia fnhida, Cass. ; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 175 ; Diplostephium stellulatnm, Nees, Gen. et Sp. Ast. 187; Aster pJdogopapj^as, Labill. Pl. Nov. HoU. ii. 49. t. 195; A. phlogo- trichus, Spreng. Syst. iii. 525 ; Eurybia quercifolia, Cass. (DC.) ; Bip- lostephium phlogotrichuvi, Nees, Gen. et Sp. Ast. 186; Olearia phloqopappa, DC. Prod. V. 272 ; Earybia Gunniana, PC. Prod. v. 268 ; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 175 ; E. suhrepanda, DC. 1. c. Queensland. Port Bowen, R. Broiot ; Monnt Hedlow, near Rockhampton, Dallaclnj. KT. S. Wales. Hastings river, Fraser ; Twofold Bay, F. Mueller ; Gabo Island, M(t]i!es/(nii'. Victoria. Australian AIjis and \Yilson's Proniontory, F. Mueller, near Melbourne, Rohert:^,,,,. Tasmania. Port Dalryniple and islands of Bass's Straits, Ti. Broion ; very commou throughout the island, ./. D. Hoolcer. Var. ennescens. Leaves narrow-oblong, entire, | to 2 in. long, hoary-tomentose on both sides. — Apsley rivcr, Fraser ; Severn rivcr, New Eugland, C. Stnart. Var. lirata. Leaves lanceohite, 2 to 5 in. long, deeply fnrrowed by the impressed veins, almost bullatc, obscurely sinuate-toothed or ahnost entire. Flower-heads larger and broader. — Aster Hratus, Siuis, Bot. INLng. t. 1509; Diplostephiuiii lyratum, Nees, Geu. et Sp. Ast. 188 ; Eiiryhia Ihata, PC. Prod. v. 2fi7 ; Hook. f. Fl. T^sm. i. 175. t. 43.— Vic- toria and Tasmania, R. Brown, J. D. Hooker, F. Miceller, and othcrs. Var. qiiercifolia. Leaves obiong, obtnse, entire or obtusely toothed, 1 to .3 in. long, very ninch buUate, vcry scabrous above, densely stellate-tomentosc and often rufous underneath. — Asler quercifolius, Sicb. Pl. Ex. ; Olearia quercifolia, DC. Prod. v. 272 ; Euri/bia ruyosa, F. Mucll. ; Arch. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 22. — Blue Mountains, Sieher, n. 340, A. Cunniny- hain aud others ; Victoria, F. Mueller ; Tasmania, R. Brown. 18. O. asterotricha, F. Muell. Fragm. v. 79. A shrub, rough with a rigid stellate pubesceuce. Leaves alternate, oblong-linear, very obtuse, with revohite margins, niore or less sinuate-tootlied, mostly f to Ij in. long, iiullate and very scabrous above, tomentose underneath. Flower-heads rather large, solitary and terniiual, or several in a terminal corymb. Involucre aluiost hemispherical, often ffbove^ in. diameter. Ray-florets often above 20 ; disk-florets slightly exceeding the inner bracts. Anthers, style, achenes, and pappus of 0. stellulata. — Eurybia asterotricha, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 111 ; Pl. Vict. t. 33 ; Aster asterotnchus, F. Muell. Fragm. v. 79. Victoria. Gleuelg river, Grampians, iSIount Disappointment, Dandenong ranges, Gipps' Land, F. Mneller. Var. parvifolia. Leaves mostly undcr j in. long. 47-i' LXII. COMPOSnv-E. • \()lciirui. N. S. Walos. Hariro Brush, Backhuuse ; also uear Poillaiul iii Vicloria, Robertsun. The s|)i'(:ies oiily dirters froni 0. stellulata, var. quercifolia, in the narrow h^aves, and perhaps in the purph; colour of the disk-florets. 19. O. gravis, F. Muell. Frogm. v. 82. An erect rigid shrub of a few feet, more or lcss hoary or rust-coloured, with a soft or scabrous stellate tomentura. Leaves alternate, oblong-lanccohite, obtuse or ahnost acute, irreguhirly toothed or nearly entire, 1 to 2 iu. lotig, rugose or ahnost bullate, tisuallv' hoary above and inore densely tomentose underneath. Flower-heads rather large, in a simple terminal coryndj. Involucre above \ in. diameter, the bracts shorter than the disk, ahnost acute, the outer ones nearly as long as the inner. Anthers not auriculate. Style-appeudages lanceolate. Achenes glabrous, rather long and somewhat compressed, but with very prominent ribs. Pappiis with a distiuct external series of short bristles. — Jister gravis, F. IMnell. 1. c. W. S. 'Wales. Near Teuterfield, New Englaiid, C. Stitart. — Very uearly allieJ to the var. qiiercifolid of 0. sfellnlala. 30. O. Nernstii, F. Muell. Frafjm. v. 81. A shrub with elongated branches, loosely stellate-tomentose and apparently somewhat glntinous. Leaves alternate, ovate-Lanceolate, acute, reraotely and often acutely siuuatc- toothed or nearly entire, 1 to 3 in. long, rather thin, glabrous and siriooth above, loosely stelhite-tomentose underneath. Flower-heads not hirge, in terrainal peduncuhite coryrabs. Invohicre almost heinispherical, 4 to 5 lines diameter, the bracts not very uneqnal. Eay-florets 15 to 20 ; disk-florets nurnerous, not rauch exceeding the involncrc. Anthers not auriculate. StyU'-appcndages shortly lanceohite. Achenes short, glabrous. Pappus with an external scries of very short bristles. — Ader Nerristii, F. Mnell. 1. c. Queensland. Near Ipswich, Nernst ; towards Morcton Bay, Leichhardt. N. S. 'Wales. Hastings river, Beelder ; Richiuond river, C. Moore, Fawcett. 21. O. hygrophila, Benth. Shrubby, with slender virgate branches, very sparinn-ly stellatc-tomentose. Leaves alternate, linear, inostly acute, entire with recurved margins, f to 1|- in. long, glabrous above, sparingly and mimitcly stellate-tomentose underneath. Flovver-heads rather large, on slender pe^hmcles, solitary or few in a loose coryrab. InvoUicre scaicely \ in. diaraeter, thc bracts narrow, soniewhat uneqiial. Eay-florets 12 lo 20, rather uarrow ; disk-tlorets nuraerous, scarcely exceeding the involucre. Anthers not aurictdate. Stylc-appcndagcs lanceohite. Achcnes glabrous. Pappus- bristles slightly uneqnal, with very few shorl external ones or sometinies none at alL — Ki(rtjhia hyirrophila, DC. Prod. v. 269. Queensland. Stradbrooke Ishind, Jloreton Bay, Fraser. 22. O. viscidula, Fenlh. A tall rather slender slundj, raore or lcss viscid. Leaves opposite, or rarely alternate, ou luxuriaiit hiteral shoots, linear-Lanceohite, acute at boLh ends, entire, mostly 2 to 3 in. long, silvery- white undcrneath, with a close tomentum consisting of rainute stelhite hairs. Pbwer-heads small, nuraerous, in short axiUary leafy panicles. Involucres glabrous or viscid-pubescent. Kay-Horets 8 to 10 ; disk-florets rather more Hunierous. Anthers not auriculatc. Style-appendages shortly lanceohitc. Olearla.] \.\u. COMPOSIT.E. 475 Achenes hirsute. Pappus with au external series of very short bristles. — Enn/bla viscld/da, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 50 ; Jster Siemssenii, F. Muell. Fragm. V. 71.. W. S. Wales. Near Cook^s Rivpr, R. Broicn ; iu the interior, Fraser ; uear Illawarra, A. Cnnningham ; near Goiilbuni, C. Moore. Sectton in. Eriotuiche, Archer. — Indumentum of the under side of the leaves cousisting- of densely imbricate woolly liairs. Leaves alteruate. Anthers uot auricuhxte. jNlost of the speeies of tliis seetion are remarknble for their small leaves. Tn some viscid spceies the woolly tomeutum nearly disappears, but it always reniains sufficiently conspicuous ou the uuder side of the leaves to distiiiguish them from tliose of the seetiou Adenolriche. 23. O. tubtilifiora, BeniJi. A tall shrub, with numeroiis erect virgate braiiehes more or less scabrous-pubescent or viscid, with an admixture of woolly toraentum especially on the under side of the leaves. Leaves narrow- bnear, often clustered in tlie axils, mostly \ to 1 in. long, the margins revo- bite, ghibrons or scabrous-pubescent above. Flower-heads small, sessile or nearly so in the axils, and sliorter than the floral leaves. Involucre ovoid, uuder 2 lines long, the bracts very obtuse. Eay-tiorets 3 or 4, shorter than tlie undivided part of their style, tubular or scarcely expanded into a minnte ligula ; disk-florets 3 to 5, exceeding the involucre. Anthers, style, achenes, aiul jjappus of 0. axillaris, the bristles, howevei", usually fewer. — Eurybia tnbnliilora, Sond. and Muell. in Linnsea, xxv. 455 ; Aster tubnUjlorus, F. Mucll. Fragm. v. 65. Victoria. ]Mount ^FIvor, F. Mncller, S. Australia. Lake Alexandriua, St. Vincent's Gulf, Lofty Rauges, etc., F. MueUer, Hillehrand, Blandowsld. Of Earybia artemisioides, Sond. iu Linnsea, xxv. 456, or Aster artemisiuides, F. Muell. Fragui. V. G3, the majority of the speciinens in F. Mueller's herbarium appear to me to be the same as 0. tahulifiora, but Souder describes the ligula of the ray florets as equal to its style, aiid suggests that it is a variety of 0. ramidosa, aiid that is probably the case with oiie of F. Mueller's specimeus froin L:ike Ahxandriiia, where the two species appcar to grow together. 24. O. axillaris, E. MneJl. Fragm. v. 64. An erect mnch-branched shrub of 3 to 6 ft., more or less hoary or white with a close woolly tomeiitum. Leaves from obovate or oblong-ciineate and j to |- in. long to linear or lincar- lauceolate and ^ to -1 in. long, obtuse, entire, wilh revohite margins, woolly- white on botli sides or glabrous and sliining above. Flow"er-heads sessile in the axils, and shorter than \\w lloral leaves, or very rarely 1 or 2 together on siiort axillary leafy shoots. Involucre ovoid, 2 to 3 lincs long, the bracts obtuse. Roy-florets about 4 to 6, shorter than those of the disk, tlie small ligula not so long as the style, entire or 2- or 3-toothed ; disk-Horets about 6 to 10, exceeding the invohicre. Style-appendages short. Achenes hairy or rarely glabrous. Pappns-bristles all nearly equal or occasionaliy a very few sliort outer ones. — Eurybia, sect. Brachyglossa, DC. Prod. v. 265 ; Aster axilluris, F. ^Muell. Fragm. v. 64. jfj. Australta. Dampier's Archipelago, N.W. coast, A. Cunningham. Victoria. Coinmon on the saudv seacoasts, F. Mu.eUer and others. 476 LXii. coMPOSlTiE. [Olearia. Tasmania. San Jy hills of the N. coast and islands of Bass's Slraits, R. Brown, J. D. Sooker aiid others. S. Australia. Sandy hills of the coast both oa the maiiiland und Kangaroo Island, R. Brcwii, F. Muellcr, and otheis. "WV. Australia. Goose Island Baj', R. Broion : sandy hills on the S. coast and on the west coast to Swan Iliver, Murchison river, Shark's Hay, Dirk Hartog's Island, etc, J. Cunningham ; Baudin ; Drummond, n. 126, 129; Preiss, ». 89,90, 91, 92, 93. Very variable iu the degree of wooUiness and in the shape of the leaves. The following forins, described as distiuct species, appear to pass very niuch oue iiito the other, and are all uuiform iu essential charac-ters : — a. obovata. Leaves obovate to cuueate-obloiig, very tomentose on both sides, or glabrous above. Flower-heads sinall. — Euryhia oligantha, DC. Prod. v. 266 ; E. bracJujglossa, DC. 1. c. 20.5 (with glabrous achenes) ; E. candidissima, Steetz in Pl. Preiss. i. 418. — Chiefly oa the W. coast, froni Swan River to Shark's Bay. b. norinalis. Leaves narrow-linear, mostly under j in. Florets rarely more than 10 in the head. — Eurybia axillaris, DC. Prod. v. 266 ; Steetz in Pl. Preiss. i. 417 ; E. capitel- lata, DC. l.c. ; E. Bampieri, DC. 1. c. (with louger very narrow leaves). — The commonest forin 011 the S. coast. c. lineaiis. Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, inostly above \ in. Florets usually 10 to 1.5 in the head. — Euryhia linearifolia, DC. Prod. v. 266.- — Occasioually both ou the S. and \V. coasts. 25. O. revoluta, F. MiieU. llerh. Aii erect, niuch-bniiiclied shruh, with the habit and foliage of some of the narrow-leaved forms of 0. axillaris, or of the long-leaved forms of 0. ramulom, the ligula of the ray-florets nnich niore developed than iii the former, but less so than in the latter species. Leaves linear to oblong-cuneate, 5^ to ^ in. long or rather more, obtuse, with revolute margins, glabrous or slightly tomeutose above, white or hoary with a close woolly tomentura underneath. Fiower-heads sessile or on short leafy peduncles in the axils, rarely exceeding the subtonding leaf. Involucres broadly ovoid or almost turbinate, the bracts ratlier numerous. Ray-tlorets 4 to 8, the ligula exceeding its style. Disk-florets 6 to 10, exceeding the involucrc. Style, acheiie, and pappus of O. axillaris. W. Australia. Murchison aud S. Hutt rivers, Oldjield. Var. minor. Leaves smaU and narrow. Flower-heads sniiill, with 2 or 3 florets in the ray, 3 to 5 iu thc disk. — King George's Sound aud adjoiuiiig districts, Haruey, Oldfteld, Maxwell. 26. O. exilifolia, F. Muell. Fragm. v. 69. A bushy shrub of 3 to 5 ft., closely resembling the common forms of 0. ramnlosa, but with shorter ligulse. Leaves linear, obiuse, with revolute margins, 1 to 2 lines long, woolly un(h'rneatli. Flower-heads of 0. axillaris, sessile or on very short leafy peduucles in the axils and usually exceeding the subtcnding leaf. Eay- fiorcts 2 or 3, the ligula scarcely exceeding the style. Disk-florets 3 or 4, louiicr than the involucre. Style, acheue, aud pappus of 0. axillaris. — Aster exilifoli/is, V. ^fuell. 1. c. W. Australia. Calcareons hills towards the Grcat Bight, Maxwell. 27. O. ramulosa, Benlh. A shrub of 3 to 6 ft., much-branched, more or less scabrous-|mbesccnt and sometimes slightly glutiuous. Leaves crowded, usually very su)all aud spreadiug, somctinies reflexed and clustered in the axils, varying from obovate or almost orbicular, about l line long, witli a pitiolc of ihe samc lcngth, to olilong-liuear aud ucarly \ in. long, Olearia.] LXil. composit.-E. 477 usually obtuse, with recurved or revolute margius, glabrous or scabrous-pu- bescent above, the under surface with inore or less of a thin intricate wool, or soraetiraes the thin loose wool covering the whole plant. Flower-heads small, very uuraerous, usually sessile or terminating very short lateral leafy peduncles or branchlets, forming long leafy spikes or racemes along the branches. Involucre ovoid, inuch imbricate, uearly 3 lines long. llay- florets 6 to 10, the liguhi much longer than its stvle; disk-florets scarcely more numerous. Style branches short, the appendages triangular, ahnost as in some Senecionidce, but papillose oidy not hispid. Achenes short, sligiitly compressed, striate or 4-angled, hairy or rarely ghibrous. Pappus with an outer series of short bristles, but sometimes very few only. There are two principal fornis, which are often distinguished as species, but only differ in the shape of the leaves. a. microphylla. Leaves obovate or oblong, 1 to 2 lines long. Flower-heads small. — Aster microphyllus, Vent. Jard. Mahn. under n. 83 ; Diplostephium microphyllum, Nees, Gen. et Sp. Ast. 191; Eurybia microphylla, DC. Prod. v. 270. N. S. Wales. Port .Jaeksoii to the Blue Mountains, R. Brov)n, Sieber, n. 338, and Fl. Mi.rt. n. 514, and others; Lachlan river, A. Cunninyham. b. communis. Leaves narrow, 1 to 6 lines loug. — Asier ramulosiis and A. aculeatus, LabilL PL Nov. Lloli. ii. 51, 53, t. 198, 200 ; A. exasperatus, Liiik, Enunri. Hort. HeroL ii. 328 (erroueously said to be froui the Caj)e) ; Diplostepkium aculeatum, Nees, Geu. et Sp. 192, aiid Z). ramulosum, Nees, 1. c. 193 ; Enrybia ramidosa, DC. Prod. v. 270; llook. f. Fl. Tasin. i. 178 ; E. propinqua, E. aculeata, and E. epileia, DC. 1. c. ; E. ericoides, Steetz in Pl. Preiss. i. 423. N. S. Wales. New Eugland, C. Stuart ; Mudgee, Woolis (with glabious glaudular achenes). Victoria. Port Phillip, R. Broum ; abundant from the Glenelg to Gipps' Land, f. Mueller and others, Wiminera, Ballachy ; \n thc Grampians (very rigid, with sniall flower- heads), F. Mueller ; Mount Korong and Mount M'lvor (with long very scabrous or woolly leaves aud larger flower-heads), F. Mueller. Tasmania. Derwent river, Port Dalrymple, islauds of Bass's Straits, R. Broivn. ; common throughout the island, J. B. Hooker. S. Australia. S. coast, R. Brown ; Rivoli, Holdfast and Guichen bays, E. Mueller ; Mcmory Cove, R. Broicn (vvith thicker longer narrow leaves). 28. O. floribunda, Beufh. A much-branched shrub of 4 to fi ft., with numerous very small chistered leaves and a profusion of small flower- heads on very short leai;v branchlets, forming leafy racemes collected into large dense pyramidal panicles ; closely allied to 0. ramidosa, difiering in the much smaller leaves, rarely above 1 line long, the involucres not above l^ lines long. Florets about, 6 to 10, of which 3 to 4 ligulate, their structure as well as the achenes and pappus as in 0. ramnlosa. — Enrybia Jlorihnncla, Hook. f. in Hook. Lond. Journ. vi. 109, and Fl. Tasm. i. 179. t. 45 ; Aster jlo- rulentits, F. Muell. Fragm. v. 82. Victoria. Along torrents in the Australiaa Alps, F. Mueller. Tasmania. Derwent river, R. Brown ; common along the banks of rivers, .7. Z>. Hooker. S. Australia. Meraory Cove, R. Brown. 29. O. lepidophyllaj Benlh. A much-branched shrub of 3 to 6 ft., usuaUy white or hoary with a close dense woolly tomentum. Leaves minute, clustered in the axils, obovate-oblong or almost globular, very obtiise, with revolute margins, often all under \ line long, but tliose subtending the 478 ],X1I. COMPOSIT.K. [Olcnria. clusters or oii luxuriant barrcn slioots sometiraes narroAV and above 1 line long. riower-lieads terminating- short lcafy branclilets, smallcr than in 0. ramulosa, but usually rather largcr than in O.Jloriiunda, and not so race- mose. Florets, achenes, and pappus as in 0. rarunlosa. — Aster microvhyllns, Labill. Pl. Nov. Holl. ii. 51. t. 199 ; ^. Iqyidophyllas, Pers. Syn. Pl. ii. 442 ; Diplostephinm lepidopJiylhim,^e:es, Gen. et Sp. Ast. 190; Enrybia lepido- phylla, DC. Prod. v. 270; Hook. f. Fl. Tasra. i. 178. N. S. Wales. Darling river, Tictorian Expedition. Victoria. Grartipians, Withelmi ; Wiramera, Daltacliy ; N.W. part of the colony, L. Morion. Tasmania. Derwent rivcr, Adventnre Bay, iilands of Bass's Straits, R. Broivn ; sandy liills near the sea on the N. coast, also on the western and other mountains, Gunn and others. S. Australia. From the Murray to St. Vincenfs aud Spcncer's Gulfs, F. Muetter and ollicrs. Enri/lia hrccliyplDjita, Y. IMuell.; SoiuL in Linna;a, xxv. 455, appears to be foundcd on speciiiiens with half-starved nower-heads, with the ray-florets sometiuies not much developed, but certainly sometimes longcr than their styles. 30. O. subspicata, Benth. Shrubby, with erect virgate branches, more or less woolly-tomentose. Leaves erect, not clustered, lincar, obtuse or nearly so, with revolute margins, rarely excec()ing ^ in., glabrous above, wooily-tomentose underneath. Fiower-heads ovoid or almost cylindrica!, shortly pedunculate or nearly sessile, crowded into short terminal racemes or spikes. Involucre mucli irabricate, 3 to 4 lines long, the bracts obtiise or neariy so. Ray-florets 8 to 6 ; tlie ligula much longer tlian the style ; disk- florets about as many, longer than the iuvolucre. Style-appendages lanceo- late. Achenes silky-hairy. Pappus bristles ratlier unequal, but witliout any distinct series of short ones. — Enrybia subspicata, Hook. in Mitcli. Trop. Austr. 293. Queensland. Maranoa and Belyando rivers, Mitcliett. N. S. Wales. Darling rivcr, Victoriaii Ej-jieditiou ; Mun-ay desert, F. Muelter, Dattacliy. Thc spccics dilFcrs from 0. ranratosa chiefly in its longer leavcs and Lirger flovvcr-licads. 31. O, exiguifolia, TP. Mnell. Fragm. v. 67. A much-branched shrub of 3 to 4 ft., closely reseuibling tlie smaller forms of 0. ramulosa, difFering chiefly in the leaves, which are obovate-orbicular or broadly-cuneate, vcry obtuse and mostly 3-toothed, 1 to 2 iines long, narrowed into a short petiole. Flower-heads small, terminating short axillary branchlets. Florcts, achenes, and pappus of 0. ramulosa. — Aster exigui.folins, F. Muell. 1. c. W. Australia. Sand hummocks, Eyre's Kelief, Maxwetl. 32. O. Cassimse, T. Mnell. Eragm. v. 68. Erect, 6 to 8 ft. high, with numerous sk'iulcr erect brancldets, slightly lioary, with a close fine intricate t.omentum. Leaves narrow-linear, with revoliite margins, ^ to f in. long, ghabrous or with a minute vvoolly tomcntum on the under side. Flower-lieads small, numerocs, nearly sessile in tlie upper axils, Ibrming short leafy raceraes arranged in an oblong or pyraniidal panicle, or on short axillary branches in a looser panicle. Involucre ovoid, about 2 lines long, the bracts niore gla- brous and shining than in 0. ramulosa. Ray-floiets 2 or 3, with long Olcitria.] Lxii. coMPOslT.E. 47? ligiilfE ; disk-Horets 3 or 4, scarccly exceediiig tlie iiivolucre. Aclieiies hairy. Pappus-bristles not very miequal. — Astcr Cassinij. S. Australia. Pastures, Wai])eiia aiid Cuiliiaiia, F. Miieller. Var. lasiocarpa, F. MuelL Leaves inore risiid, less toothed. Flower-heads and achencs hirLcer.— Siiowy aud M'Alister rivers aud Maiieroo, /''. Mneller. Var. piihesrens, V. Miicll. Softly villoiis. Leaves cuneate, toothed at the end only. Flower-lieads as iii the last variety. — Mouutaius ou the Mitta-.Milta river, /''. Mueller. Var. inteyrifolia, F. Muell. Ncarly glabrous. Kadical leaves narrow, niostly linear, rigid, eutire; stem leaves eutire or toothed. Flower-heads large. Tiivolucral bracts broad. — Bliie .Moiintains, A. Cunnhnjham and oihers; grassy mouutaius ou the Macalister river aud Black Forest, /''. Mueller. Var. elonijata. An apparently etiolated form, the railical leaves 6 in. loug or more, with a fcw remote teeth or lobes. Stems alniost tiliform, with 1 or 2 loug 1-headed brauclies. — Port Phillip, /''. Miieller. Var. (?) cuneata, /•'. Muell. Kadical lcaves cuneate-oblong, niore or less toothed. Stems elongated with a fevv obloiig leavcs aud 1 to 3 (lovver-heads. Queensland. Hockhauiptou aiid Keppel Bay, Thozet ; Burdckin river aud descrt on Ihe Suttor, /'. Mueller. 7. C. scapigera, Jlook. in Miich. Trop. Ausir. 75. A small tufted perennial emitting crccping stolons, glaljroiis or slightly hairy. Eadical leaves liiiear or linear-ianceolate, entire or rartly remotely toothcd, narrowed into a petiole of 1 to 3 iu. Flower-stems or scapes simple, lougcr than the leaves, bearing a fevv small narrow leaves aud a single liead very mucli smaller than in C. scabio!/. W. Australia, Lruinmond, Srd Coll. n. 97, ^th Coll. n. 215 ; Irviue river, Oldjield. 13. C. porphyroglossa, F. Mnell. HerL. A hispid auuual, with erect or asceudiug steuis of ;d)out 4 to 5 iu. Leaves cuneate or tlie lower ones pctiolate and spathidate, deeply toothed or abnost lobed, the upper oues smaller aud narrow. Involucres 2 to 2| lines diameter, the hracts narrow and acute. Ray-florets purple, uumerous, very narrow. Fruiting-heads about 4 lines diameter. Achenes shortly hirsute, bordered by rather broad wings, densely ciliate on the edge, but without the long phimost' liairs of C. jjlumuUfera. Pappus of numerous barbed awiis, unequal but all shorter than the achene. S. Australia. Cooper's Creek, Murray. Possibly, accordins to F. Mueiler, a variety only of C. pliuiudifera. 14. C. pterosperma, R. Br. ms. An erect anuual of about 1 ft., pubescent or hirsute wheu young, at leugth nearly gIal)rous. Lower leaves on the young pKant obovate or petiolate and spatludate, coarsely tootlied, on the older plant all liuear and eutire or rather broader and toothed at the eud. Involucral bracts naiTOW, acute. Ray-florets numerous, white. Fruititig- heads scarcely 3 lines diameter. Acheues flat, spriukled with a few short hairs, bordered by a vcry shortly ciliate wing ; pappus of about 8 to 10 very short awus. 506 LXii. coMPosiT^. [Caloiis. N, Australia. Islands of tlie Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown. Sr.CTioN IV. Cheiroloma. — E;iy-florets scavcely exceediiig tlie pappus. Disk-tlorets fertile. Pappus consisting of several uuequal awns, allernating with very short entire or iobed bristles or scales. 15. C. hispidula, F. Mnell. in Trans. Vid. Insl. 185.5, 130. Aliispid annual, with procuuibeut orrarely erect brancliiug stems of 3 to 6 in. Lower and radical leaves petiohite, obovate spathulate or cuueate, upper oues oblong- lanceolate, toothed towards the eud or eutire. Peduucle short. Involucral bracts ovate-lanceohite or oblong, hispid or alniost muricate. Ray-Horets few aud very small, the ligula scarcely exceeding the pappus ; disk-tiorets numerous, also small and all iertile. Fruiting-heads 3 to -i lines dianieter. Achenes quite similar in the ray aud iu the disk, tiattened with thick ol)tuse tnargins, sliglitly liispid; pappus of about 4 to 6 rigid divaricate more or less barbed unequal bristles, alternating with as many much sliorter bri^tles or scales either subulate and entire or palmately 3-fid or sometimes spathu- late, and all hispid. — CJwiroloma hispiduLum, F. Muell. iu Linnsea, xxv. 401 ; Soiider in Linnsea, xxv. 473. N. S. 'Vtrales. j\Iolle's Plains, A. Canningham ; Upper Bogan and Lachlan rivers, L. Moiinu ; Dailing river to the Barrier Range, Victorian Expedilion ; betvveen Stokes Range and Coopcr's Creek, Wlieeler. Victoria. ^Viuiinera, Dallachy. S. Australia. Crystal Brook aud Cuduaka, T^. Mueller. W. Australia. Swau River, Drummond, \st Coll. and n. 375 ; Champion Bay, IJalcott. 19. LAGENOPHORA, Cass. (I.xauclienus, Cass. ; Solcnogyue, Coss. ; Emphvbopus, Hook.f.) Involucre nearly hemisplierical, the bracts iu about 2 rows, nearly equal, broad or narrow, with dry or scarious margius. Receptacle couvex, witliout scales. Florets of the ray numerous, feniale, ligulate or short and tubular. Disk-tiorets uumerous, hermaphrodite, tubular, with a more or less dilated limb, 5-tootlied. Anthers obtuse at the base. Style-branclies in tlie disk- tiorets somewliat flatteued, but long aud sleuder, papillose outside at least iii the upper portiou. Acheucs compressed, al)ruptly contracted at the top either very shortly or into a distinct neck. Pappus none. — Sinall pereunial herbs, with a tufted stock, radical leaves aud leati^ss simple scapes, or rarely the scapes growing out into simple stems decumbeut aud lealy at the base. Elower-heads terminal, the ray white or purplish. A small genus, cliietly Australian, bnt extending also to New Zealand and many parts of tropical Asia. Of the four Australian species, oiie a])pears to be the same as the Asiatic one, thc other three are eudeiuic. Ray-florets ligulate, liuear, longer than tlie involucrc and spreading. ilower-heads without tlte ray not ahove 4 lines diaincter. Involucral bracts narrow \. L. Billardieri. Flower-heads without the ray ncarly 0 liues diameter. Involucral lu-acts broad 2. L. Suegelii. Ray-tlorets uut e.xceeding those of the disk. Scapes sleudcr, mostly much longer than the leaves. Ray-Horets all tubular, 3-toothed 3. Z. solenogyne. LngenoplioraP[ LXii. composit.k. 507 Scapes thickened, shorter or rarely longer than the leaves. Ray-florets minute, mostly opeuing out into a short concave ligula .... 4. L.emplijsnpus. 1. Ii. Billardieri, Cnss., 2)6'. Prod v. 307. A pereiinial with a sliort thi'-k stock aiid sleiider ereepiiig rhizoiiies, otlierwise stemless with radical leaves aiid scapes, or the stenis shortly decundjent and k^aly at tlie base. Leaves from obovate to cuneate-ohlong, obiuse, irregidarly toothed or shorlly lobed, narrowed iiito a petiole, iisuaUy all under 2 in. long, rarely above 3 in. Scapes slender, siraple, iVom 2 or 3 in. to nearly a foot long. involncre froin under 3 to iiearly 4 lines diameter, the bracts rather nnmerous, linear or ob- long, acute or rather obtuse. Kay-Horets blue, ligulate, exceediiig the invo- lucre. Achenes at least as long as the invokicre, the margins usually glan- dular-pubescent, contracted at the base and abruptly coiilracted at the top into a neck soinetimes as loiig as the breadth of the achene, sometimes very short.— Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i."lS8; Bdlh dipUatri, Labill. Pl. Nov. Holl. ii. 55. t. 205 ; Ixauclimus subltjralus, Cass. ; DC. Prod. v. 308 ; Brachycome pii- niila, Walp. Rep. ii. 58-i, according to iSteetz in Pi. Preiss. i. 428; Lai/eno- pliora fjracilis, Steetz iii Pl. Preiss. i. 43 L Queensland. Brisbane rivcr, Moreton Bay, F. Mneller, Leich/iarclt. N. S. Wales. Port Jackson to tlie Biue Mountaius, R. Brown, tiieber, n. 505, and otbers ; Clareuce, ^Macleny, anJ Ilastings river, Beckler. Victoria. In marsiiy places and coinmon along streams in subalpine situations throughout Gipps' Land, aiid thence to the Grampians, the Yarra and Glenelg rivers, F. Mueller, Roherlson, and otliers. Tasmania. Port Dalryinple, R. Broic/i ; abundant throughout the island, /. D. Eooker. S. Australia. Mount Gambier, Rivoli Bay, F. MuelJer. ■W. Aiistralia. King George's Sound, Menzles ; Svvan River, Drummond, \st Coll. ; Gordon river, Oldfifld. The species is aiso in Ceylon, Khasya, the Indian Archipelago, and S. China. Thcre are generally two distingiiishabie varieties : — 1. ?j:?Vwef';'/'«/«, glabrons or hiisute, the flower- heads without the rays scarcely 3 liiies dianieter aiid the rays sbort, tlie niost coinniou tro- pical and subtropical lorin, aiid, 2. normalis, usualiy hirsute, the tiower-heads without the rays about 4 lines diameter and the rays rather longer; this is niost abundantin the southern dislricts. Labiilardiere's own specinisns are ulniost intennediatc betwecn the two. Of L. monlana, tlools. f. iii Ilooli. Lond. Journ. vi. 113, and Fi. Tasni. i. 189, the original s[)eciineiis. with small narrow iieariy glabrous leaves, are iuterinediate in the size of the tiower-heads, but inany specimcns, esiieciaily from Victoria, pass o-radually into the norinal form. L. lalilolia, Hooic. f. in Hoo]<. Lund. Journ. vi. 113, and Kl. Tasni. i. 189. t. 49 A, with smali obovate hirsiite lcaves, passes also gradiiaily into tbe nornial form. In R. Brown's herbariuin is a reinarkalilc variety from Port Phillip, with elongated lealy stems and the involucral bracts vcry narrow, alinost setaceous. 2. L. Huegelii, Benth. in Hueg. Eiuim. 59. Vcry near L. Billardieri, biit a larger aiid cuarser plaiit, hirsute or sometiraes nearly ghibrous. Leaves obloiig or obovate-oblong, sinuate-toothed or ahnosD piniiatifid, 2 to 4 in. long. Scapes \ io \\ ft. loiig, often wilh a few leaves iiear the base. Flovver-heads nearly \ in. diaineter withoiit the rays, the bracts, especially the inner ones, broader and more obtiise than in L. BiUardieri. Achenes glabrons or spriiikled witli short hairs both in the eastern and western speci- mens. — Steetz in Pl. Preiss. i. 430 ; L. Ganniana, Steetz 1. c. 431 ; Hook. f. Y\. Tasm. i. 189. t. 49 B. Victoria. Yarra ri'. er, F. Mueller, Wcudu vale, RoLerison. 508 Lxii. coMPOsiTiE. \LagenopTiora. Tasmania. Abnndant in pastures, I,aunccston, Macquarrie plains, etc, J. D. Eooker, Giani. S. Australia. Lofty Ranges, F. 'MneUer. W. Australia. Swan Rivcr to Kiug George's Sound, Drnmmond, n. 60, 377) Huegel, Preiss, n. 118, and others. 3. Ii. soleno^3me, F. Mnell. Fragr,i. v. 62. Glabrons or hirsute. Eadical leaves IVom obovate to obloii2:-cuneate, obtuse, 1 to 2 iu. long, toothed at the eud or above the midille, naiTowed iuto a distiuct petiole. Scapcs filiform, much loriger than the leaves, usually with a few distaut small narrow-liuear leaves. Flower-heads scarcely above 2 liues diameter wheu iu flower, nearly 3 lines when in fruit. Involucral bracts obloug, obtuse, with scarions often denticulate or ciliate margins. Eay-florets numerous, all appa- rently erect, tubular, and 3-toothed, not longer than the disk. Achenes narrow, flat, with thickeued margins, contracted at the ba?e, terniinating in a very short couical but obtuse and callous point. — Solenogyne beUioides, Cass. ; DC. Prod. v. 367 (from the character given) ; S. brachycomoides, P. Muell. Fragra. v. 62. Queensland. Brisbane river, F. MneUer (a single specimcu in fruit only, aud tliere- fore doubtfuli. N. S. Wales. Port Jacksou, R. Broicn ; New Eugland, C. Stuart. 4. L. emphysopiis, IIooJc. f. Fl. Tosvi. i. 189. Yery hirsute or nearly irhibrous. Lcnves all radical, densely tufted, obloug, obtuse, narrowed at the base, l^ to 3 in. long. Scapes very little exceeding the leaves, rather thick and often constricted under the head, leafless or with 1 or 2 very small leafy bracts. Involucre about 2 lines diameter when in flower, 3 liues wheu in fruit, the bracts oblong, obtuse, with scarious margins. Eay-florets very numerous and short, apparently tul>ular w'hen in bud, but opeuiug out into a short, concave, 2- or 3-toothed ligula. Acheues of the disk abortive, those of the ray as long as the iuvolucre, narrow, flat, coutracted at the base and very shortly so at the top, but without the distinct neck of L. Billardieri. — Emphysopus Gnnnii, Hook. f. in Hook. Lotid. Journ. vi. 113 ; Solenogyne bellioides, Soud. in Linucea, xxv. -180, F. Muell. Pl. Yict. t. 37, but scarcely of Cassini. N. S. Wales. Port Jackson to thc Rlue Mountains, R. Drown, Woolls, and others; Kew Eni;land, C. Stuart ; Chirence river, Beckler. Victoria. Snowy plains on Liniestone river and pastures, Bugle Range, F. Mueller ; "Wcndu vallcy, Roljertson. Tasmania. Common in various parts of the colouy, Gunn. 20. BRACHYCOME, Cass. (Brachystcphinm, Zf,y.y. ; Paqnerina, Cass.; Stciroglossa, 2)C; Silphiosperuiuni, 67om the Murray to St. Vincent's Gulf, F. Maeller and others. 14. B. angustifolia, ./. Cimn. in DC. Prod. v. 306. A percnnial vvith a crecping rhizome and asceiuling or erect stems, sometimes short. soiuetimes 8 to 10 in. long, leafy at the base, uiore or less glandiilar-piibesceiit especially uuder the tlower-head. Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, mostly acule, nar- rowed into a petiole, l^ to above 3 in. long, rather firm, and the midrib pro- Brac1iycomei\ lxit. compostt^e. 515 minent underneatli. Flower-heads not larg^e. Involucre very ^landular, tlie scarious iTiarsj;ins of the bracts very narrow. Achenes oliovate-oblong;, flatteued but thick, often glandular, with thick callous niargins. Pappus very minnte, and sometimes quite inconspicuous. — Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 186. N. S. 'Wales. Open dowiis, Goulburn Plains, A. Canningham. Victoria. Omeo, ¥. Mneller. Tasmania, Gunn. Althoiigh very near B. graniinea, ihis species appears lo be distinct in the shape of the acheues, as well as iu the glandular pubescence and narrow rigid leaves. 15. B. linearifolia, BC. Prod. v. 306. Glabrous, probably perennial, with sleudcr ascending stenis and petiolate leaves, eitlier all liuear or the lower ones obhjug-lanceohite, all entire, and the speciraens closely resembling the slender varieties of B. graminea, but the achenes are flat, rather narrow, with thickeued margins, and crowned by a very small but distinct pappus. N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, A. Cunningham, J. D. Hooker, and others. 16. B. heterophylla, Benth. in Hiteg. Enum. 60. A glabvous peren- nial with slender decumbent or ascending hranching stems, like those of B. Unearifolia and B. Sieheri. Leaves all petiolate, obovate-cuneate or oblong, with a few very acute teeth or lobes. Fiower-heads rather small, on slender peduncles. Achenes flat, rather narrow, wilh thickened margins, and crowned by a very small but distinct pappus. N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown. — The speciniens are numerous, and show two distinct varieties in foliage, one with broad thin leaves with broad but very acute lobes, the other with narrower, smaller, almost piunatiiid lobes. Both raay be varieties of B. lineari- folia, but the leaves are all toothed aud lobed. Froni B. Sieberi they differ in the petioles and acute lobes of the leaves, and the very small pappus. 17. B. basaltica, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 50. A glabrous and somewhat glaucoiis perennial, with rigid erect brancliing stems of 1| to 3 ft. Lower leaves petiohite, obovate-oblong, the others obloug lanceolate or linear, mostly acute and quite entire, the upper ones few, small, and distant. Peduncles long, somewhat corymbose. Invobicral bracts narrow, almost acute. Achenes narrow, at first flat with thickened margins, at length thick, tuberculate, not winged. Pappus very minute. Queensland, Bowman ; basaltic plains from Peak rauge to Darling Downs, T. MueUer. Yar. gracilis. More sleuder, 1 to 2 ft. hia;h. Leaves all linear or linear-lauceolate. Queensland. Rockhanipton and Keppel Bay, Tkozet. N. S. Wales. Macquarrie marshes, Milrheli ; Murray and Darliug rivevs, Baiiachg. S. Australia. Taraunda on the Gawler river, F. Mueller. 18. B. trachycarpa, F. Mnell. in Lhmeea, xxv. 339. A ghibrous perennial, erect and corymbosely branchcd the first year, afterwards with numerous nearly simple or divaricately branched, slender but rigid stems from a more or less woody base. Leaves liuear, the lowest often rather broad, entire or pinnately lobed, the stem-leaves mostly nan-ow and entire. Flower-heads small. Involucral bracts cuneate-oblong, rather broadly scarious at the end. Ray short, lihic. Achenes narrow, with thickened margiiis, the sides more or less tubcrculate, aud sometimes hirsute with short hooked hairs. Pappus minute or ahnost none. 2 L 2 516 Lxn. coMPOsiT.^. [BracJiycome. Queensland. Broad Sound, 7?. Brown ; Keppel Bay, Thozet. W. S. 'Wales. Darling river, Ballachy. Victoria. Victoria ranges and Mount Sturgeon, F.MueVier; saudy heaths, Gleuelg river, Lioherlson. S. Australia. Lofty Ranges, Cudnaka, Crystal Brook, F. Mueller. Section III. Brachycome.— Acheiies flat, the raargins aciite or winged, or iu a few species obtuse. Pappus conspicuous. 19. B. exilis, Sond. in Linncea, xxv. 473. A slender anuiial, with erect or ascending branched stenis, usnally only 2 or 3 in. hii^h without the peduncles, glabrous in the original forra. Leaves raostly pinnatitid, with few short linear acnte lobes. Peduncles slender, erect, 2 to 4 in. long. Flower- heads sraall. Involucral bracts few, obloug, scarious. Achenes uarrow, with thickened raargins, not winged. Pappus at first conspicuous, biit when the achene is ripe not longer than its breadth, and sometiraes much shorter. — B. leptocarpa, P. Mueli. in Trans. Phil. Soc. Vict. i. 43, and in Hook. Kew Journ. viii. 147. W. S. '\Vales. Tn the interior, C. Moore ; Darling river, Victorian Expedition. Victoria. Axe river, ])arelin Creek, Esau river, etc., F. MiieUer. S. Australia. Lotty aud Barossa ranges, Port Lincoln, F. Mueller. Var. (?) scahrida, Sonder. Larger, more branched, with broader leaves and snialler llovver-heads. — Murray rivcr and Keusington, in both cases oid and imperfect speciniens. 20. B. ptychocarpa, -F. Muell. in.Trans. PMl. Soc. Vict. i. 43, and in Hook. Keto Journ. viii. 148. A small glabrous auuual, very much like the cominon glabrous form of B. exilis, but the involucral bracts appear to be much broader, the receptacle raore conical, and the neheues much broader and , flatter, intermediate between those of B. exills and of B. debiiis. The speci- mens are, however, few and unsatisfactory. — Steiroglossa llneariloba, DC. Prod. vi. 39. N. S. 'VSrales. Lachlan river, A. Cunnhigham. Victoria. Jiiitfalo range, F. MueUer. 21. B. debilis, Sond. ht LinndPa, xxv. 477. A small anini;d, more or less hirsute, exactly like the scabrous forin of B. exilis, except that tiip invo- lucral bracls are rather narrower, aud the achenes are bordercd by a rather broad wing. Pappus rather long for the genus. Victoria. Glenelg river, F. Mueller. , S. Australia. Kensingtou, St. Vinceut's Gulf, Port Lincoln, F. Mueller. Sonic very young speciraeus from the Darling river, Fictorian Expedition, may possibly belong to this specics. 22. B. decipiens, Hook. f. in Hook. Lond. Journ. vi. lli, aud FL Tasin. i. 184. t. 48. An ahnost stemless perennial, usually glabrous, with precisely the aspect but not tlie involucre of the European Daisy (Bellis perennis). Stock short and tufted. Leaves radical, obovate-obloug, entire or reinotely and shortly toothed or crenate, narrowed into a short broad petiole, 1 to 3 in. loug. Scapes longer than tlie leave-, siinple and k^afless, or with a single small leaf. Heads rather harge, the scarious margins of the involucral bracts usually but not always dark colonred. Aclienes very flat vvith a thickened margin, sprinkled witli a few short hairs. Pappus very short. Brachycome~\ Lxii. composit.e. 517 N. S. V7ales. Argyle county, Backhouse, M'Arthur. Victoria. Grassy valleys uear Moiiut Villiaiii, Daucleuong rauge, Pleuty Creek, Upper Geuoa river, F. Mueller ; Weudu valley, llobertson. Tasmania. Port Dalrymple, R. Brown ; abundant iu grassy meadows throughout the islaud, /. D. Uooker. S. Australia. Near Mouut Gambier, F. Mueller. A'ar. pubescens. Leaves pubescent, flower-heads smaller. — New Eugland, C. Stuart. 23. B. cardiocarpa, F. Mnell. Tlerb. A g-labrous pereiinial with a tiifted stock. Leaves radical, liiiear, quite eutire in all our speciraens, aud often very narrow and many inclies loug, but sometimes short and resenibling those of B. scapigera. Scapes usually erect, often above 1 ft. high, bearing 3 or 4 distant leaves, rarely decumbent and leafy at the liase. Flower-heads rather large. Invohicral bracts broadly scarious. Achenes flat, bordered by broad tliin wings, entire, unduhite, or rarely creuate or lobed as in B. margi- nnta, the pappus as long as the breadth of the achene or rather more. — B. UiienrifoHa, Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. 1. 185, not of DC. Victoria. Swamps of Gipps' Laud, F. Mueller ; Heaths, Glenelg river, Robertson ; PurthuiJ, Allitt. Tasmania. Mount Wellington, Formosa, etc., generally growiug in water, /. B. Sooker aiid others. S. Aastralia. Rivoli Bay, C. Mueller. Var. alplna. Smaller, with shorter leaves. — Baw-Baw, Munyoug aud Cobra Mouutaius, Victoria, at an elevation of 4000 to 6000 ft., F. Mueller. 24. B. nivalis, F. Mnell. in Trans. Phil. Soc. Vict. i. 43, and in Hook. Kew Journ. viii. 148. A gdabrous perennial, with a thick tufted or shortly- creeping stock. Leaves radical, piunate, with once or even twice pinnatirid, or rarely entire linear segmeuts, the whole leaf usually 3 or 4 in. long. Scapes longer than the leaves, simple, leatiess. Flower-heads ratlier large. Invo- lucral bracts narrow. Receptacle at length very conical. Achenes flat, with a broad wing. Pa|jpus conspicuous, the brislles usually nnited iu a riug. Victoria. Sumniits of the Australiau Alps, Mouut Buller aud Cobberas mountaius (with the leaves mostiy simply pinnate), ilunyong mountains and Mount Weliington (with the leaves mostly twice piunate), F. Mueller. 35. B. scapiformis, DC. Prod. v. 306. A perennial with a tufted or slightly-creeping stock, glabrous or nearly so. Radical leaves obovate or oblong-cuneate, coarsely toothed towards the end or rarely nearly entire, nar- rowed into a petiole, of a thicker consistence than in B. decipiens. Flowering- stem? 6 in. \.o\\ ft. high, sometimes reduced to ahnost leaHess scapes, more frecpiently leafy below the middle, simple or rarely with a single accessory branch, the leaves smalk-r and uarrower than the radical ones. Flower-heads rather large. Involucral bracts narrow and acute. Achenes flat, tlie acute edges more or less expanded into a wing. Pappus conspicuous, of short bristles aimost dilated into scales. — Hook. f. Fi. Tasm. i. 185. N. S. Wales. Lachhm river, A. Canningham ; Argyle Couuty, M^Arthur, Back- house ; Ilead of the Gwydir, Leichhardt. Victoria. Moist places, summit of the Victoria ranges, Wilhelmi ; Mount Barkly, Monut Timbertop, Merriman's Creek, etc, F. Mueller. Tasmania. Derweut river, R. Brown ; abuudant iu good soil aud i.i marshy placcs througliout the coloiiy, /. D. Hooker. Var. tenuiscajja. A rather smaU aud slcuder varicty with narrow leaves, broadcr, more 518 Lxii. coMPosiT.E. [Brachycome. obtuse iuvolucral Ijracts, aud in some specimens the inimature achenes show no wings ; in others they are certainly wiujjed, and soine lar^e broad-leavcd specimens of B. scapiformis have the broad iiivolucral biacts of the tcniuisrnjM. — B. tenuisrapa, Hook. f. in Hook. Lond. Journ. vi. 114, and in Fl. Tasm. i. 184. t 48. — Emu plains, Victoria, F. Mueller ; Arthur's Lakes and Middlcsex plaius, Tasmania, Gunn. 26. B. stricta, BC. Prod. v. 305. A perennial vvith ascending or ercct more or less branchiiig stems, attaining l^ ft. when fnll-grown, more or less hirsute with short septate hairs or glanduhir-pnbescent, especially under the flower-head, very rarely rediiced to short simple scapes. Lower leaves cuneate-oblong, coarsely toothed or almost pinnatifid ; upper ones narrow and more entire. Flower-heads ratlier hirge, on long pediincles. Involucral bracts narrow as in B. scapiforDns, bnt usnally more scarious and broachn* at the end. Achenes very flat, witli a broad tliin entire or lobed wing. Pappus much smaller tlian in B. scapiformis. — Hook. f. Ph Tasm. i. 186 ; B. leitcan- themifoUa and B. oblungifoUa, Benth. in Hueg. Enum. 60; B. glaiica, Walp. in Linnpca, xiv. 315. N. S. Wales. Port Jacksou to the Blue Mountains, R. Brown and others, audiiiland to Batluirst, A.Ciuiningham ; Mount Mitchell, St'c^-/er ; Maneroo plains and Argyle county, Lhotzkij ; Twofold Bay, F. Mueller. Victoria. Mount HuUer, Mount Timbertop, King^s Parrofs Creek, Delatite river, Bacchus l\larsb, etc, F. Mueller ; shady banks, Port Phiilip, Herb. Lemann. Tasmania. Port Dairymple, R. Brown ; abundant iu rocky places throughout the colony, /. D. Hooker. 27. B. heterodonta, DC. Prod. v. 305. A perennial with a tufted stock, emitting creeping stolons and erect or ascending branched stenis of 1 to 2 ft. lladical h'aves on long petioles, oblong, toothed or pinnatifid, all the teetlror lobes mucronate-acute ; stem leaves few, laiiceolate or oblong, acute, entire or acutely toothed, all sprinkled, especially underneath, with rather rigid appressed hairs. Flower-heads rather large. on lon^ pechmcles. In- vohicral bracts apparcnlly broad. Achenes (according to DC.) bordered by a toothed wing and tuberculate on the disk. N. S. TVales. Wet places on the Lachlan river, A. Cunvingham ; N.W. interior, Fraser. The specimcns are imperfect, but have a different aspect froui any other species; the mucronate-acute fceth of the ieavcs are peculiar. 28 ? B. Billardieri, Bevth. A perennial, glabrous or hirsute with septate hairs. Stems branched, leafy, apparcntly decumbent. Leaves cuiieate-oblong, pinuatifid with short niucroiiate-aciite k)bes. Peduncles 1 to 3 in. long, the flower-heads not large. Invohicral bracts oblong. Achenes very flat, oblong, tliose of the ray ap])arently with tliickened obtuse nun-gins, those of the disk with the mariiins more aciite and slightly ciliate or denticu- late, but not seen perfect. Pappus minute or aluiost none. W. Australia, Brumniond, atli Coll. n. 374. — Betlis aculeata, Labiil. Pl. Nov. Holl. ii. 55. t. 206, froni Van Leeuvvin's Laud, appears fiom the tigure aud description to agree iiiuch better with this specics than with B. strirta, to which it is commonly referred. Our specimens are not very good, and there may still be some doubt about thc species. 29. B. ciliaris, Less. Syn.-Comp. 172. Glabrous or more or less clothed, especially when youiig, with a white wool, probably always perennial, but ofteii flowi-riiig the first year so as to appear annual ; stems erect, sleuder, Brachycome.'] Lxii. co5IPOsit.e. 519 under 1 ft. hiiih, somewhat corvmbosely branched. Lea^'es pinn;itc, with narrow-linear usually very divaricate seoments. Fiower-heads ratiier small. Involucral scales very variable in breadth. Achcnes of the disk Hattencd, bordcred by a broad cntire dcnticuhite or ciliate wing-, the J^aces smooth or tuberculatc, those of the ray often more tubercuhite and witliout any winjjj. Pappus usually conspicuous. — I)C. Frod. v. 306 ; Hoolc. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 187 ; £eilisci/iaris, Labill. Pl. Nov. Holl. ii. 56. t. 209 ; BracJiijcome Drninmondii, Walp. Rep. ii. 584 ; Steetz in Pl. Preiss. i. 428. N. S. Wales. FieWs Plaius, Fraser ; Lake George, Argyle coiuity and Ulawai-ra, A. Cininiiigham ; Darlinji desert, i)a//fl;c//y. Victoria. Mount Bulier, /<'. Miieller ; Murray desert and Wininiera, _D«//tff%; Tasmania. Derweut river, iZ. Brown ; chiefiy in the ceutral districts of the island, J. D. Hooker. S. Australia. South coast, R. Brown ; from Lake Alexaadrina to Speucer's and St. Vinccnfs Giilf, /''. Miieller. W. Australia. Chiefly on the South coast to the east of King George's Souud, R. Biown, Harvei/,Briniimond, hth Coll. n. 387, Preiss,n. 87, Maxwell, and others. Soine specimens, uot shovving the percnnial stock. are very ditticult ^ distiiii>uish from B. iberidifolia without the acheues. The tlower-heads are, however, usually smaller. Var. lanuginosn. Steins more or less woolly when young. — B. laniiginosa, Steetz iu Pl. Preiss. i. 427. — Darling desert, Dallac/ii/, and W. Austialia, Brummond, n. 86, 'J3, and Uh Coll. M. 211 ; Preiss, «.85. N&r. glaudulosa. iVlore or less glandular-puhescent. Flower-heads small.— S. Australia and VV. Australia, Brummond,Mli Coll. n. 210. Var. grandiflora. Flower-heads as large as in B. iberidifolia but achenes of 5. ciliaris. — W. Australia, Dnimmond. Var. sv.bdissecta. Glabrous. Segments of the lower leaves sometimes again lobed. — Victoria and S. Australia. Var. robusla. More rigid, the stems more leafy, about \ ft. high. Flower-heads rather Lirge, with the involucral bracts often but uot always broader and more scarious. — B. sqiia- lida, Hook. f. iu Hook. Loud. .Tourn. vi. 115; £. strongylospermoides, Walp. in Liuusea, xiv. 305 ; B. miilticaiilis, F. Mueli. in Trans. PhiL Soc. Vict. i. 43, and in Hook. Kcw Jouru. viii. 148 ; Steiroglossa rigidiila, DC. Prod. vi. 39. — N. S. Wales, Victoria aud Tasmauia. 30. B. calocarpa, F. Muell. in Linnaa, XXV. 399. A perennial with short branching stems, more or less clothed with a white wool, especially when young, and more robust than B. maryinnta. Leaves lincar-lanceolate or cuneate, acute, entire or with a few acute lobes or tecth towards tlie end or above the middle, of a rather thick texture. Flower-heads ratlier large, on very long peduncles. luvolucral bracts broadly scarious. llays rathcr small,"white or pink {F. Mudler). Achenes flattened, tubercidate or muri- cate, bordered by a rather broad wiiig either entire or broken up into lobes. N. S. '\Vales. Hawkesbury river, R. Broivn (uearly glabrous). Victoria. Wimmera, Dallachg. S. Australia. Murray river, Cndnaka, F. Mueller. The species appears to difl'er froin B. marginata chiefly iu the coiour of the ray ; the uotes, however, of collectors are in this respect somevvhat vague, and it is possible thal the two may be varietics ouly. * 31. B. marginata, Benlh. in Hneg. Enim. 60. A pcrcnnial with slender branchini;- giabrous stcuis, ahnost woody at the base. Leavcs iinear or linear-oblong, acute, cntire or rarcly with 1 or 2 teeth, narrowcd at tlie base. Peduncles very long aud sleuder. Ray-florcts ycUow {^F. Mtteller), white 520 LXii. coMPOsiT.E. \Brachycome. (B. Brotcn). Iiivolucral bracts ratlicr broadly scarious. Acliencs flattened, iisually tubercnlate, bordered by a rather broad wing, either entire or raore frequently brolcen up into lobes. — B. chrysoglossn., F. Muell. in Trans. Phil. Soc. Vict. i. 44, and in Hook. Kew Journ. viii. 148. Queensland. Bnrnett river and Peak Downs, F. Mueller ; Bogan river, Mitchell. "SS. S. Wales. Paterson's ancl Hunter's rivcrs, R. Brown. 33. B. Sieberi, DC. Prod. v. 306. A glabrous perennial, with weak decumbcnt branching and leafy stems. Leaves from abovate to cuneate- oblons:, sessile except the lower ones and often stem-clasping, obtuse and ufeiially with a few small teeth or lobes towards the end or tlie narrower ones niinntely 3-toothed at the eml. Flower-heads small, on slender peduncles. Involucral bracts naiTow. Achenes narrow-obovate, very flat, with thickened margins, not winged. Pappus conspicuous. K'. S. 'Wales. Port Jacksou, R. Brown ; Sieber, n. 483 ; Sarvey. 33. B. discplor, C. Stuart in Iferb. Ilook. A glabrous pei*ennial, stems slightly branched and decunibent at the base, ascending to a foot in iength or more. Leavcs obovate or cuneate-oblong, obtuse, coarsely crenate or pinnatifid, of a firm texture, pui-ple underneath when fresh ((7. Stnart), all petiolate. Plower-heads small, on very long ])eduncles. Involucral bracts naiTow. Achenes obovate, flat, often tuberculate, with thickened margins. Pappus conspicuous. N. S. Wales. New England, C. Sliiarf ; Clarence rivcr, Beckler. 34. B. multifida, DC. Prod. v. 30G. A branching, erect or diftuse perennial or undcrshrub, usually glabrous. Leaves pinnate with linear seg- raents, sometimes entire but more frequently lobed or piunatifid, sometiraes long and narrow, sometimes sliort and slightly dilated. Flower-heads rather small, on long slender peduncles. Achenes black, narrow, slightly cora- pressed, the sides tubercular, the smooth margius often prominent but not winged. Pappus small. — B. glabra, Benth. in Hueg. Euum. .59. W. S. VtTales. Port Jac-kson, Harvey, Woolls ; Head of the Gwydir, Leichhardt ; New Eugland, C. Stnart ; Peers Rauge, J. Cunningham. Victoria. From Lake Wellington iu Gipps' Land to the Grampians and Murray river, F. Mueller and others. Var. dilatata. Leaves thin, the lobes often broadly linear or cuneate. — B. tenera, Benth. in Hueg. Enum. 59. Huuter's River, R. Brown. Section IV. SiLPHiosPERMA. — Ray-florets not exceeding the involucre. Achenes flat, bordered by an entire or toothed wing. Pappus none. Small annuals. 35. B. glandulosa, Benth. Very closely allied to B. coltina but larger, the erect or ascending branching stems attaining 3 to 6 in., and raore or less glandular-pubescent. Leaves linear, acutely toothed or pinnatifid. Elower- heads about 2 lines diameter, with the florets of B. coHina, but the involn- cral bracts much narrower, almost linear, and usually hirsute witli a fi'W glandular hairs. Wings of the achenes soraetimes quite entire. soraetinies bordered bv a few teeth. — Silphiospermu glandulosmn, Steetz in Pl. Preiss. i. 433. Braclii/co-me.'] Lxii. composiTjT:. 521 V^. Australia, Dnmmond, n. 15, 99, hth Coll. n. 378 ; Preiss, n. 103. 36. B. coUina, Benth. A srnall erect braucliing" annual, rarely excecd- in«j 2 iu., glabrous or slightly pubesceut. Leaves suiall, liuear, piunatitid with short umcrouate lobes, the lower lobes reduced sometimes to short cilia. Flower-heads about 2 lines diaraeter. Involucral bracts fevv, ovate, the scarious margins very narrow, the inner bracts niore oblong. Florets not longer than the involucre, those of the ray with a very small lig-ula, scarcely so long as the style. Acheues obovate, as long as the involucre, very tlat, bordered by a vving divided iuto liuear lobes hooked at the end ; the disk spriukled with a tevv hairs. Style-lobes quite those oi Brachycome. — Sllphio- sperma coUlniim, Sond. iu Liunaea, xxv. 483. Victoria. Hopkius river, Mouiit Eiuu, F. Mueller ; Wininiera, Dallachi/ ; Skipton, Whan. S. Australia. Holdfasl Bay, near Gawler Town, foot of Jlount Alexauder, F. Mueller. Var. perpusilla. Steins | to 1 iu. high. Leaves mostly eutire. Achenes rather less toothcd. — Silphinsperma perpnsiUum, Steetz iu Pl. Preiss. i. 434 ; Brachi/come ienella, Turcz. in BuU. Mosc. 1S51, i. 176. W. Australia, Drummond, Uh Coll. n. 208; Preiss, n. 2416. 21. SPHJERANTHUS, Willd. Flower-heads small, sessile in deuse globular clusters or compound heads. Involucres ovoid, the bracts linear, imbricate in several rows. Florets not iiumerous, those of the circumference female filiform and minutel;^' 2- or 3- toothed, hardened at the base ; disk-florets very few, hermaphrodite but some- tiuies sterile, tubukr, 5-toothed, thickened at thebase. Antliers without tails or poiuts at the base. Styles of tlie disk-florets bulbous at the base, simple or with 2 slender brauches, papillose outside towards the end. Aclienes oblong, somewhat tlattenerl, without any pappus. — Coarse erect her1)s. Leaves alternate, toothed, decurrent on the stem Compouud flower-heads terminal. The genus comprises very few species, rangiug over tropical Asia and Africa, tlie two Austraiiau oues beiug the tvvo most coramon over tlie whole area. Pubescent or hirsute. Involucral bracts eudiug iu a subidate ciliate poiut. Disk-fiorets (always ?) steriie \. S. hirtus. Glabrous. luvolucral biacts scarious, often jagged at the eud. Disk- florets (alvvays?) fertile 2. S.microcephalus. 1. S. hirtus, Willd.; DC. Prod. v. 369. Erect with fcw divaricate branches, more or less hirsute, 1 to 2 ft. high. Leaves obovate, obloug or lanceolate, irregularly and acutely toothed or abnost lobed, dccurreut along" the stem into interrupted tootlu'd wiugs. Flower-heads niuucrous, iu globuhir clusters or compound heads of 4 to 5 liues diameter wheu iu flovver, \ iu. when in fruit. Bracts liaear, scale-like at the base, taperiug iuto subidate hirsufe or ciliate poiuts, those surrouudiug the partial heads rather broader. Female florets 6 to 8 or rather raore, not exceediug tlie involucre ; disk- florets 2 or 3, vvith simple stylcs. Achenes of the ray slightly hairy, tliose of the disk abortive.— Wight,' Ic. t. 1094 ; F. Mueli. Fragm. iii. 138. 522 L\ii. coMPOsiT.E. \Spli(Braidhus. N, Australia. Victoria river aud Giilf of Carpentaria, F. MueUer ; Albert river and Bentiiu'k's IsImikI, Henve. Queensland. Sellheiin river, BoKnian ; Maranoa and Belyaudo rivers, Mitckell. The species is commou in tropical Asia, extending iuto tropical Africa. 2. S. microcephalus, ^r«7/^. ; DC. Prod. v. 369. Erect, 1 to 2 ft. liigb, (iiiite glal)roiis or rarely uiiimtely glandiilar-pubescent. Leaves ellip- tical, ohloug or lauceolate, acute, with siuall acute teeth, decurreut along the stem into coutiuuous entire or sliglitly toothed wings. Flower-heads in glo- bular clusters or conipouud heads, rather sinaller thau in S. hirtns. luvo- lucral bracts oblong-linear or cuneate, ofteu ja^ged at the end. Florets and achenes of 5*. hlrtus, but those of the disk fertile as well as those of the circumference. — S. (jlabcr, DC. Prod. v. 370 ; F. Muell. Fragm. iii. 138. N. Australia. Low flats, AUi2;ator river, and Van Diemen's Gulf, N.W. coast, A. Ctiiininyham ; islauds of the Gulf of Carpeatai-ia, R. Brown ; Albert river, F. Mueller. Also ia Ceylou and iu the ludian Archipelago. 22. MONENTELES, Labill. Flower-heads sniall, sessile, iu dense globular clusters or compound licads, interspersed with woolly bracts. Partial involucres ovoid, the bracts linear, nsually gUibroiis and more or less scarious. Florets of the circumference numerous, feniale, tilifonn, minutely toothed, not exceeding the disk. Disk- florets solitary or rarely 2 or 3, tubular, hermaphrodite but usually sterile, 4- or S-toothed. Anthers with more or less proniinent tails or poiuts at the base. Style-lobes fiattened or almost subulate, papillose outside towards the end. Acheues small, tercte or slightly conipressed, those of the disk usually abortive. Pappus of capillary simple bristles united in a ring at the base. — Herbs or uudershrubs, usually glandular-pubescent and strongly scented, often woolly. Leaves alternate, creuate or toothed, decurreut on the stera. Clusters or compound flower-heatls solitary and terminal, or small and nume- rous in a terminal spike with one bract, usually persistent on the common re- ceptacle under each partial head, the partial iuvolucres often very deciduous. The species are all Australian, bnt two of theni extend also into New Caledonia and the Eastern Archipelngo. \Vith tlie compound inflorescence and docurrent lcaves of SjilKBran- thtis the geuus is readiiy distiuguished by the pappns and the taiied authers. The iutiores- cence is uearly that of the Anyiantliece, but tiiere are iiumerous female tiliform ttorets, and the style-branches of the disl\ are not truncate. From the AraericaQ geuus Pterocaulon it scarcely ditfers in Ihe heruia])hrodite flowers usually reduced to a siugle one. Clusters of flowcr-hcads smail but uuinerons, forniiug a ter- minal deiise or iiiterrupted spike. Invoincres rijiid, about 4 liues loiig. Leaves ovate or obovate, otteu abo\e 3 iu. loug, the wool very deuse, almost floccose . 1. M. verbascifolius, Involucres not 2 lines ioug. Leaves obovate or oblong, under 2 iu loug, tomeutose or shortly woolly 2. M. spicaius. Clnsters of flower-hcads solitary, globular or ovoid-o^doug. Plant tomeiilose or wooily. Decurreut wings entire. Clusters globular 3. if. sphaceUdus. Plaut glaiulular-pubescent, not tomentose. Decurrent wings toothed. Clusters ovoid or oblong, large. Disk-florets solitary . 4. M. ylandidosns. Clusters globular, rathcr small. Disk-llorcts usually 2 . 5. M. sjiliairanthuides. Monenteles.'] LXii. coiMPOsiT-i:. 523 1. M. verbascifolius, F. 3Iuell. Herh. A tall erect perenniiil or unflersliruh, tlie tbli.ifie de^nscly woolly, often floccose, resenibling that of Verhascnm Tliapsus. Lcaves ovate or obovate, 2 in. lon"; or niorc, ol)tuse, crennlate and souietimes siiiuate, very thick and soft, decurrent into entire wings. Clusters of flower-iieads nuuicrous, sessile in dense continuous oblong or cyliudrical tcrniinal spikes niucli larger tiian in M.spicafus. Bracts of the conimon receptacle sliort, linear, woolly-iiairy as in tiie otlier spccies but less spathulate, those of the partial involucres 3 to 4 lines long, linear, rigidly scarious. Ray-florets very nuraerous ; disk-florets solitary. N. Australia. Glenelg river, N.W. coast, 3/«r/e»; betvveen Victoria and Fitzmaurice rivers, F. Mueller. Queensland, Bowman. 2. M. spicatus, Lahill. Sert. Austr. Caled. 43. t. 43. An erect peren- nial of 1 to 3 ft., softly tomentose, pubescent or woolly all over. Leaves obovate or oblong, ohtuse, crenate, 1 to 2 in. long or snialler on tlie flowering branches, soft, rugose, decurrent into narrow entire wings. Clusters of flower-heads small, globular, sessile, forining terminal cylindrical and conti- nuous or interrupted spikes, eaeOi cluster rarely above 3 or 4 lines diamcter, and containing Irom 10 to 20 heads. Bracts of the common receptacle linear, acute, woolly, not 2 lines long, those of tlie paitial involucres narrow- linear, acuminate, glabrous. Disk-florets solitary. Achenes sprinkied with a few hairs. — DC. Prod. v. 455. Queensland. riinders river, Boioman ; Fitzroy inver, Fifzalan ; Rockhampton, ItaltacJiy ; Keppel Bay, Tlmzef ; Brisbane river, Moreton Bay, Fraser, F. Mueller. The species is also in New Caledonia, Burmah aud the Philippiue Islands. 3. M. sphacelatus, Labill. Sert. Auslr. Caled. 43. t. 44. A perennial or undershrub of 1 to 2 ft., softly tomeiitose-pubescent or vvoolly all over. Leaves oblong or lanceolate, obtuse or rarely aciite, the larger ones 1 to 2 in. long, those on the flowering stems often smaller, entire or crenulate, soft, rugose, decurrent into narrow vvings usually entire. Clusters of flower-heads globular or nearly so, solitary, terminal and peditnculate or rarely becoming lateral and sessile by the elongation of the shoot. Bracts of the common receptacle linear vvith dark spathuhite tips, and deusely clothed with loiig woolly hairs, those of the partial involucres linear, scarious, acute, glabrous or slightly ciliate. Female-florets numerous ; disk-florets usually solitarv. Style-lobes almost suhulate. Achencs glabrous. — DC. Prod. v. 456; M. (/lohiferus and M. iuleruiedius, DC. 1. c. 455. N. Australia. Nichol Bay, N.W. coast. Herl). F. MueJler ; Victoria river and jrAdam Kange, F. Mueller; Albert river, Henne ; Gulf of Carpentaria, LandsborougJi ; Attacli Creek aud .M'Douncll rauires, M^Bonall Sfuarfs ErppfJition. Queensland. Commou aloug the sandy shores and in the adjacent islauds, R. Brown aud others: Brisbaue river, Morctou Bay, A. CunniiujJuim ; Piue river, Fifzalan. N. S. TVales. Darlim; rivcr, BalliicJii/ aiuj OoofJwin. S. Australia. Towards Spencer's Giilf, Warburfon. The species is also in New Calcdonia and New Guiuea. 4. M. glandulosus, F. Muell. Herb. A tnll erect strongly-scented perennial or uudershndj, more or less glandular-puhescent but not woolly. Leaves ovate-lauccolate or lanceolate, acute and aciitcly toothcd, bullate- 524 LXii. coMPosiT.f:. [Monenteles. rugose, 1 to 2 in. loug, (leciuTeut into irregularly and acutely-toothed wings. Clusters of flower-heads termiual aud solitary, ovoid or obloug, | to 1 in. long. Bracts of the cominon recej^tacle iinear or linear-cuueate, ciliate vviih a fevv long wooliy hairs, but not densely woolly as in the other species, those of the partial involucres about 2 lines loug, linear, acute, often cdiate vvith a few hairs. Female-florets numerous; disk-fiorets solitary. Queensland. Kej)])!'! aiid Shoahvater bays, Thirsfy Sound and Broad Soiiiid, R. Brown ; roeky hills, Cape Clevelaud, A. Cunumyham ; Gilbert river, F. Mueller ; Flindcrs and Fitzroy rivers, Bowman ; Rockhampton aud Keppel Bay, Tliozet. 5. M. sphseranthoides, DC. Prod. v. 456. A slrong-scented shrub or undershrul) of 2 to 3 ft., more or less glandular-pubesceut or at leugth glabrous. Leaves liuear-lanceolate, obtuse, 1 to 2 iu. ioug on tlie barren shoots, smaller on the flowering-stems, very rugose or bullate, with revolute toothed mnrgins decurrent into narrow toothed wings. Clusters of flower- lieads teruiinal, solitary, globose or slightly ovoid, fully i in. diameter. Bracts of the common receptacle deusely crowded, liuear, very woolly-hairy, the spathulate tips glandular. Partial iuvolticres very uumerous, the bracts liuear, scarious, white, glabrous or slightly ciliate. Female-fiorets numerous ; disk- florets usually 2, very rarely 1 or 3. Style-Iobes liuear-lauceolate. Achenes small, glabrous. M. Australia. Endcrby Island, Dauipier's Archipclago, N.W. coast, A- Cunningham (the specimcns all past flower, showiug the pcrsistent bracts of the common receptacle with a few remains of the partial heads) ; N.W. coast, Bi/noe ; granite hill, Nichul Bay, Gregorijs Expedition. 23. BLUMEA, PC. Involucre ovoid or catnpanulate, the bracts imbricate in several rows, nar- row-liuear, herbaceous or soft. Eeceptacle uearly flat, vvithout scales. Florets all tubular, those of the circumference female, tiliform, usually very numerous, those of tlie disk hermaphrodite, broader, usually few. Anthers with short tine tails or points at the base. Style-branciies filiforiii, papillose outside at the eud. Aciienes small, tisually soinewhat compressed, striate or ribbed. Pappus of nuraerous capillary bristles. — Anntial or perennial herbs, usually villotis vvoolly or glandular-pubescent. Leaves alternate, toothed, lobed or rarely entire. Plovver-heads in terminal pyramidal or oblong panicles, sometimes contracted into spikes or clusters, or rarely the heads solitary. A considerablc geiuis, confined to the warmer regious of the Old World, some of thcm ubiquitous and variable weeds, upon which a large number of spurious specics have been fabricated, the real limits of the more distinct fornis oftcn very difficult to establish. Of the scven Australian specics three a])pear to be eudeinic, thc othcr four belong to some of the more common Asiatic forms. Thc geuus is very closcly allied to Conijza and to Flitchea, having very ncarly thc same fiorets and achenes, with thc involucres and habit of the former and the tailcd anthers of the latter. riower-heads all distinctly pednnculate. Glandular-pubescent, uot tomentose. Leavcs all or almost all narrowed iuto a petiole. Usually above 1 ft. higli \. B. (jlandulcsa. Blimea.'] LXii. coMPOSlTiE. 525 Stem-leaves scssile aiul stein-claspinfr. Radical leaves oiily petiolate. Karely cxceediug 1 ft. in hei<;ht 2. B. ampledens. Usually not exceeding 1 ft., pnbescent or vilk)ns, uot viscid. Stein- leaves sessile and stem-cUisping, mostly lauceohite. Pcdnncles rather long 3. J?. integrifolia. Small. Leaves chiefly radical. Stem-leaves fcw, small, ovate. Peduneles long aud filiform 4. J5. diffnsa. Flower-heads, at least the upper oues, sessile and clustered. Lcaves lauceolate, oblong or obovate-oblong, the upper oues sessile. Involnore abont 4 lines k)ng . . . .Ijjg 5. B. hieracifolia. Involucre nudcr 3 lines loug rd Coll. n. 113 ; Uon river, Cldfield. The species is evideiitly iiear C. reptans, but much larger thaii the eut-!caved fonns of that species, with the leaves niuch more cut. 8. C. reptans, Beuth. A slender creeping perennial, glabrous or sprinkled with a fcw «oft hairs, especially on the peduncles. Leaves pinnate, with ovate segments, toothed or pinnately divided into short linearlobes. Flower-heads rarely above 2 lines diameler, on peduncles usually longer than the leaves. Tnvohicral hracts nearly orbicular. Receptacle conical. Feniale liorets in several rows, tlie coroUas very short and broad, inflated, c(intracted at the oritice, obliquely 2- or 3-tootlied, the slyle shortly exserted. Achenes of the feraale llorets sessile, flattcned, Avitli thickened obtuse niargins, scarcely form- ing distiiict wings, obtusely notched at the top, those of the disk usually abor- tive. — Strongylosperma reptaus, Benth. in Hueg. Enum. 60 ; DC. Prod. vi. 82 ; Pleiogyne reptans, C. Koch in Bot. Zeit. 1843, 40; Sond. in Linnsea, XXV. 484; Leptinella intricata , Hook. f. in Hook. Lond. Jourii. vi. 117, and FI. Tasm. i. 193. t. 52 B ; Lcptinella nmltifida, Hook. f. in Hook. Lond. Journ. vi. 118 ; Pleioggne midtijida, Sond. in Linneea, xxv. 484. N. S. Wales. Twofold Bay, F. Mu.eU,>r. Victoria. "\Vet places, froin Gipps' Land to the Yarra, F. Mueller. Tasmania. Port Dalryn)ple, R. Brown ; marshes in various parts of the islaud, ./. I). Hooker and others. S. Australia. Between Rivoli Eay and Mount Gambier, F. Mueller. Var. major. Rather coarser, nsnally glabrous; petioles aud ])eduncles longer: leaf- segments obovate and ahnost sueculent ; flovver-heads lai-ger. — Leptinella lougipes, Hook. f. in Hook. Lond. Journ. vi. 117, aud Fl. Tasm. i. 193. t. 52 A. — Victoria aud Tasmania. 9. C. filicula, liooh. f. Ilerh. A small and stout perennial, tufted, difluse or sliortly creeping, more or less clothed with long soft or woolly hairs. Leaves pinnate, with linear-oblong or cuneate, eutire or toothed Sfg- ments. Plower-heads about 3 lines diameter when in fruit, on stout pe- duncles rarely exceeding the leaves. Involucral bracts ovate. Receptacle conical. Female florets in raany rows, with small couical corollas, oblique and 2-toothed at the oritice, the style shortly exserted. Aclienes of the female florets sessile, bordered by thick wings, scarcely distinguisiiable from the achene itself; those of thedisk ahoxiwe. — Spnphjomera Jilicula. Hook. f. in Hook. Loud. Journ. vi. 116 ; Leptinella filicula, Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 194. t. 51 B. Victoria. Mounts "VVeUiugtou aud Usefoi, Buffalo ranges, Bavv.Ba\>- mountains, at an elevation of 4000 to 5000 ft„ F. Mueller. Tasmania. Hau)pshire hills, Ivlouut Welliugton, Christnuis Kock, Gunn. 552 LXII. GOMPOSIT/E. 43. SOLIVA, Ruiz and Pav. (Gymuostyles, Juss.) Involiicral bracts in about 2 rows nearly equal, witli scarious margins. Receptacle flat, without scales. Florets of the circuuiference in several rows, female, without any corolla ; disk-florets tubular, tapcrino- at the base, 2- or 3-toothed. Anthers obtuse at the base. Style-lobes short, truncate. Achenes of the female florets flatteued, bordered by a thick winsr, witliout any pappus but the wiugs tapering into the rigid persistent style or produced iuto two divaricate points or prominent angles, those of the disk usually abortive. — Sraall diftuse herbs. Leaves alternate, usually finely dissected. Flower- heads sessile. A small genus, apparently limited to the warmer regions of America, except where intro- duced with cultivation. 1. S. anth»mifolia, Ji. Br. in Tmfis. Llnn. Soc. xii. 102. Stems very much shorter than the leaves, forming a dense tuft. Leaves petiohite, 2 to 4 in. long, twice or even thrice pinnate with linearor linear-acute, entire or 13-fid segments, the priraary ones often distant along the petiole, clothed with long soft hairs or nearly glabrous. Flower-heads closely sessile and clustered ori the short stems, nearly globular when in fruit, ^ to -^ in. dia- meter. Involucral bracts oblong or lanceolate. Achenes numerous, bordered by a thick transversely rugose wing, which tapers into a rigid style longer than the achene itself, without any laterul angles or points. — DC. Prod. vi. 142 ; Gymnostyles anthentifolia, .Juss., according to Br. l.c. Queensland. Brisbane river, INIoreton Bay, F. Mneller. N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, Woolls, but only in cultivatcd ground, and probably in- troduccd from S. Araerica, R. Broion. The species is also in Brazil, Gardner's specimens from Rio Janeiro, n. 225, beingprecisely the same as the Austraiian ones. It is also very near S. acaulis, Hook. and Aru., from Buenos Ayres, but in that species the wings of the achenes are broader, thinner, and pro- duced into prominent angles or short borns. The pedunculate species referrcd to the genus, S. j.yrjm(ea, H. B. and K. (itic'uding 5. Mej-icana, DC, and perhaps S. pedicellata^ Ruiz and Pav.), does not appear to differ fi-om a true Cotula. 44. MYRIOGYNE, Less. (Centipeda, Lour. ; Sphieromorphasa, J)C. partly) Involucral bracts in about 2 rows, nearly equal, scarious at the edges. Re- ceptacle flat or slightly convex, without scales. Florets of the circumference in many rows, female, with short tubular corollas ; disk-florets hermaphrodite, fertile, broadly campanulate, 4-lobed. Anthers short, obtuse at the base. Style-lobes very sliort, obtuse or truncate. Achenes not at all or scarcely compressed, with 3 or 4 vcry prominent obtuse ribs or angles, without any pappus.^ — ^Herbs with alternate usually toothed leaves. Flower-heads small, sessile, lateral or in a short terniinal raceme. A small geuus, chiefly S. Asiatic, with one species from extratropical S. America. Of thc two .•Vustralian specics, one is the common Indian one, the other is endcmic. The genus has Myrioyyne.'] Lxii. composit.e. 553 beeu uuited by J. D. Hookcr with Coiula, but the peculiar habit aud the shape of the aehenes appear to me to be sufficient characters to retaiu it as distinct. riower-heads all or nearly all sessile and lateral \. M. ininHta. Flower-heads in terniiual leafless racemes 2. M. racemosa. 1. M. minuta, Less. in Limirea, vi. 219. A prostrate brancliing aniiual or perliaps soiuetimes a perennial of short duration, tlie slender stems 2 to ,'} in. or rarely 6 in. long- in tropical regions, glabrous or clothed with sliort white wooUy iiitricate hairs, in most of the extratropical Australian speciuiens more robust, glahrous, attaining sometiraes 1 ft. Leaves oblong, i to ^ in. long, narrowed at the base or ahnost petiolate, toothed or almost pinnatifid. Plower-heads \\ to 2 lines diameter, soHtary, at tirst terminal, but soon be- coming leaf-opposed, closely sessile or rarely accompanied by a second pedun- culate oneii.e. by a short 1-headed flovvering branch with the floralleaf abortive) ; flnrets very mhuite, the female coroUas scarcely above a third of the length of their ovaries. Styles of the disk-florets with very short truncate lobes. Achenes slightly hairy. — DC. Prod. vi. 139, with the numerous synonyms adduced ; Hook. f. FI. Tasm. i. 194 ; M. Cnnnhujhamii, DC. Prod. vi. 139; F. Muell. PI. Vict. t. -11; Centipeda orbicnlaris, IjQwx. ; Miq. FI. Ned. Ind. ii. 89; Spha^romorpJuea centipeda, J)C Prod. vi. 140; Spharo- worphnea Russeliana, DC. 1. c. ; Deless. Ic. 8el. iv. t. 49 ; Cotula minuta, Forst. Prod. 57 ; Hook. f. Handb. N. Zeal. FI. 144. N. Australia. Arnhem's Land, F. Mueller. Queensland. Broad Sound and Shoalwater Bay, R. Broion ; Port Qmiis, M' GiHivray ; Suttor river, T/wzet ; Rockhampton, Datlaclui and others. N. S. '^Vales. Port Jackson to the Blue jNlountaius, R. Broion, Sieber, n. 491, and others ; Clareuce river, ^^^r/Vi?;- ; in the interior, Lachlan and Darling rivcrs, etc, .4. C««- ninyham, Victorian and oiher E.rpediiions (these specimens generally \ ery robust with larger flower-heads). Victoria. Yery common in marshy places, F. Mueller and others. Tasmauia. Waste places, cultivated ground, etc, ./. D. Hooker. S. Australia. Common on the iMurray and thence to St. Viucenfs Gnlf, F. Mueller and others ; Kangaroo island, Waierhou.se. TV. Australia. Swan River, Bruinmond, n. 89, 179, 183; Capel aud Murchison rivers, Oldjield. 2. M. racemosa, Hook. in Mitch. Trop. Ausfr. 353. GIal)rous, with ascendinii- or erect stems, ^ to 1|- ft. high. Leaves linear or linear-lanceo- late, acutely toothed, slightly narrowed towards the base or the lower ones petiolate. Flower-heads small, in short terminal leafless racemes. Involu- cral bracts oblong. Kay-florets minute, almost globular. Styles of the disk- florets with very sliort obtuse lobes. Achenes very prominently 4- or 5- angled, the angles ciliate. Queensland, Bowman ; Jlaranoa river, Mitchell ; Burdekin and Gilbert rivers and Newcastle rauge, F. Mueller. The inflorescence is that of Lichrocephala, but the acheues and florets are very ditferently shaped. 45. ABROTANELLA, Cass. (Scieroleima and Trineuron, Hook.f.) Involucral bracts few, in about 2 rows, nearly cqual or the outer ones shorter. Receptacle nearly flat, Avithout scales. Florets all tiibular. those 55i LXii. coMPOSiT.t;. [AbrofaneUa. of the circiimference female, 3- or 4-tootlied, those of the disk hermaphrodite or male, 4-toothed. Anthers obtuse or slightly pointed at the base. Style- lobes short, truncate. Achenes ^-angled or Hattened, not winged, without any pappus. — Dwarf perennials usually densely tufted with closely imbricate sraall leaves, more rarely with shoit decuinbent or ascending stems and alter- nate entire leaves. Flower-heads solitary, or few iu sraall coryrabs, sessile or shortly pedunculate. The genus ranges over New Zealand and the Antarctic regions generally ; the three Aus- tralian species appear to be endemic. Leaves closely imbricate, acuminate, about i iu. long. Florets about 3 or 4 in each head 1. A.forsterioides. Leaves spreading. Florets numerous iii each head. Leaves \ in. long. Peduncles not exceeding the leaves . . . . 2. A. nivigena. Leaves |to H iu. long. FlovYering-stems 2 to 4 in. high, with more than one tiower-head Z. A. scapigera. 1. A. forsterioides, Ho(jk. f. Handh. N. Zeul. Fl. 139. A densely tufted plant forraing often large ])atches. Leaves persistent and densely im- bricate on the short closely-packed stems, oblong with a broad sheathing base, subulate-acuminate, 2 to 3 lines long, with an obscurely denticulate cartilaginous margin. Flower-heads small and solitary on each branch, on a peduncle at first exceedingly short, at length nearly as long as the leaves. luvolucre of 3 to 5 linear or oblong obtuse unequal bracts, usually shorter than the leaves. Florets 3 or 4, of which 1 male and sterile and 2 or 3 feraale. Acbenes 4-angled. — Scleroleinw foralerioides, Hook. f. in Hook. Lond. Journ. v. 444. t. 14, and Fl. Tasm. i. 195. Tasmania. Summit of tbe Table IMountaiu, H. Brown, and of all the mountaius above 4000 ft., forming grecn velvety cushions, J. B. Hooker. The habit is nearly that of Pterygopappus, but it may be at once recoguized by the longer narrower leaves, indepeudeutly of the gcneric characters. 2. A. nivigena, F. Muell. Hfrh. A small ghibrous plant forming dense tufts or the stems shortly diffuse but not exceeding 2 or 3 in. Leaves linear, obtuse, about \ in. long, sheathing at the base, thick and smooth as iu the other species. Flower-heads solitary, on peduncles shorter than the leaves. Involucre not 2 lines long, the bracts very obtuse or truncate, a few of the outer ones sliorter. Florets and achenes apparently like those of A. scapigera, but only seen very young. — Tri^ieitron niviijennm, F. Muell. in Trans. Phil. Soc. Vict. i. 105,' in Hook. Kew Journ. viii. 149, and Pl. Vict. t. 40. Victoria. Snowy summits of tlic IMuuvoug mounlains, at an clcvation of 5000 to 6000 ft., F. Mueller. 3. A, scapigera, F. Muell. Herb. Stems creeping or tufted at the base, ascending to from 2 to 4in., glabrous. Leaves oblong-linear, narrowed below the middle, sheathing at the base, | to l^ in. long, crowded at the base of the flowering stems with a few sraaller ones uuder the peduncles. Flow^er-heads fcAV, in a small terminal leafy corymb. Involucre nearly 2 lines long. the bracts oblong, nearly equal. Florets of the ray in 2 or 3 rows, those of the disk about the same number. Anthers shortly pointed at the base. Achenes of thc female florets oblong, compressed, tliose of J/jrolanella.] LXll. composit.e. 555 the disk appareiitly smaller, but not seen perfect. — Tnnenron scapigernm, F. Muell. iu Trans. Phil. Inst. Vict. ii. 70, and in Hook. Kew Jonrn. ix. 301, Hook. f. n. Tasm. ii. 364. Tasmama. Crevices of rocks, suiiimit of Mount Lapeyrouse, Oldfield. 46. CEIlATOGYI«"E, Turcz. (Diotosperma, J. Grai/.) Involucre cvlindrical, of few oblong bracts, green with scarious edge?. Receptacle without scales. Florets of the circumference few, female, filiform, 2- or 3-toothed or shortly lio-ulate ; disk-florets few, hermaphrodite, sterile, tubular, 3- or 4-toothed. Anthers short, thin (obtuse at the base?). Style- lobes sleuder, acnte, hispid. Achenes of the ray large, flat, bordered by her- bacpons wings, involute on the margins and protluced at the top into incurved auricles ; those of the disk abortive. — Small annual. Leaves alternate. Flower-heads small, terminal or axiUary. The gcuus is limited to a sin.ale species eudemic in Australia. l. C. obionoides, Turcz. in Bull.Mosc. 1851. ii. 69. An annual with erect slender branching stems not exceeding 6 iu., and often much smaller, more or less hirsute with soft simple hairs. Leaves petiolate, obovate or oblong, under \ in. long, the upper ones small, narrow and sessile. Flower- heads nearly sessile or on very short axillary leaty peduncles. Involucre a little more than 1 line long, of 4 to 6 oblong bracts. Florets about as long as the involucre, of which 3 or 4 females and about as many sterile central oues. Achenes of the female florets very soon growing out to at least twice the length of the involucre, remarkable for their broad herbaceous wings, the iucurved ciliate auricles at the top as long as the coroUa. — Diotosperma Dninnnondti, A. Gray in Hook. Kew Journ. iv. 275. ■W. Australia, Briimmond, ^th CoU. Snppl. ti. 56. 47. ELACHAIyTTHUS, F. Muell. Iiivolucre of few oblong bracts with scarious edges, nearly equal or with 1 or 2 outer short ones. Receptacle small, without scales. Florets of the circumference several, female, tubular, slender but broader towards the base, minutely 2- or 3-toothed or almost entire. Disk-florets few, hermaphroilite but sterile, slender, 3- or 4-toothed. Anthers short, obtuse at the base. Style undivided or with linear hispid branchcs. Achenes of the femak florets nearly ferete, with a pappus of several narrow-Ianceolate chafty scales ; those of the disk slender, abortive, with a redueed pappus. — Sniall annual. Leaves alternate, entire. Flower-heads terminal. The genus is liniited to a single species endernic in Australia. With a habit approaching that of Milloiia, Qidnetia, and other small Oimphaliece, the fiorets and anthers, as in Isoe- topsis, indicate a uear aftiuiiy with Cotiila and Mijriogijne, aud although pappus scaies are rare in the tribe, they occur also in a few of the subtribe Tauai-etea. 1. E. pusillus, F. Mnell. in Linncen, xxv. 411. A slendererect branch- ing annual attaining 3 or 4 in. but sometimes much smaller, glabroui or 556 LXii. coMPosiT.E. [Elackantkits. slightly pubescent especially under the inflorescence. Leaves sniall, narrow- linear. Involucres at first cylindrical, at length turbinate, 2 to 2^ lines long. Feraale florets about 5 to 9, about as long as the irivolucre at the time of flowering but the achene and pappiis soon growing out so as to exceed it by 1 line or more. Sterile florets fewer and ratiier shorter. Aclienes of the ray densely silky-villous. Pappus scales 12 to 20, narrow-lanceolate, acute, en- tire or slightly denticulate, about as long as the acliene. N. S. '\Vales. Darling river, Victorian E.rjtedHion. S. Australia. Dry hills, Akaba aud Cudtiaka, F. Mueller. 48. ISOETOPSIS, Turcz. Involucres of few broad scarious bracts, th.e outer ones with linear leaf- like tips. Eeceptacle sraall, witiiout scales biit wnth a fcAv longhairs. Florets of the circumference in several rows, female, tubuhir, slender but broader towards the base, 2- or 3-toolhed. Disk-florets hermaphrodite but sterile, the tube exceediugly slender, expanded into a campauulate 4-lobed limb. Anthers short, obtuse at the base. Style undivided. Achenes of the feraale florets nearly terete, with a pappus of obtuse chafl^y scales. Achenes and pappus of tlie disk entirely abortive or rudimentary. — Dwarf tufted herb, the rtower-heads small and densely tufted withiu the grass-like radical leaves. The geuus is limited to a siiisile species, endeuiic in Australia. Notwithstandiug the foliage, the affiuity is evideut witb Cotula and Mijrioyyne. 1. I. graminifolia, Tnrcz. in Bidl. Mosc. 1851, i. 175.^. 3. A dwarf, almost stemless (len.sely-tufted plant, the nuraerous sraall flower-heads sessile and densely crowded within the radical leaves, which are linear. grass like, 1 to 2 or even 3 in. loug, the iuner ones dilated and more or less scarious at the base, passing into the outer involucral bracts, which have short green linear tips, the inner braets broad and scarious, without tips, about 2 lines long. Florets about as long as tlie involucre. Achenes of the female florets rather thick, silky-hairy. N. S. VTales. Bctween the Lachlau and Darling rivers, Burkitt, Victorian Ex- •peditinn. Victoria. Avoca river, F. Muelhr. S. Australia. ^lurray scrub, F. Mueller. W. Australia, DrununoHd, Ath Coll. n. 207, 5M Co/l. n. 382, 390, ntid Supjd. n. 70. Tribe VIII. GNAPH.4LiEiE. — Leaves alternate or very rarely irregularly opposite, quite entire. Plower-heads homogamous, with all the florets her- maphrodite, tubular, 4-5- or rarely 3-tootlied, or heterogaraous, with filiform or very rarely ligidate or iiTegular female florets. Anthers with fine points or tails at their base. Style of Seiirciu>iidte. Pappus of capillary simple or pluraose bristles or rarely of short scales or nonc. — The majority of species have raore or less of a loose cottony wool. SuBTRiBE I. AngianthEjE. — Mower-heads small, sessile or nearly so on a coraraon receptacle in dense clusters or corapound heads, often closely sur- rounded by irabricate bracts or by a few floral leaves forraing a general invo- lucre. Florets all tubular nnd hermaphrodite. LXIl. COMPOSITJE. 557 49. MYRIOCEPHALUS, Benth. (Hyalolepis, J5C. ; Anthcidosorus, -4. Graij ; GWhcvia, 2\irr.z. ; Lamprochlfeiia, Elacho- pappus, and Polycalyinma, F. Muell.) Flower-heads exceedino-ly luiraerous and sessile on a broad very flat re- ceptacle, in a dense cluster or compoiind head, surrounded by a general invo- hicre of numerous narrow bracts iu inany rows, each usually with a scarious tip or radiating appen(la|>e. Partial heads 1- or few-flowered. Involucre of few bracts(ihe outer ones including one on the general receptacle subtending each liead), usually contracted into a stalk-Hke base and scarious at the tip, the inner ones scarious aud transparent froni the base or rarely all narrow and rigid. Eeceptacle witliout seales. Florets hermaphrodite, tubular, slender, 3- to 5-toothed. Antliers with niore or less conspicuous points or tails at the base. Style-branches nearly terete, truncate. Achenes more or less compressed. Pappus none or of 1 or more awns or bristle-like scales, simple or more or less plumose. — Herbs, either annual or with a perennial or woody base, often hoary or white, especially when young, with woolly or cottony hairs. Leaves alteinate, entire. Ckisters or compound heads terminal, usually globose or heniispherical ; the tiat receptacle sometimes so broadiy dilated that the outer llower-heads are retlexed. Tlie genus is limited to Australia. It difFers iromAngianthus in the more perfect general involucre and more developed conimon receptacle, the partial involucres soinetimes reduced to 2 braets with a single floret, so as in some species to bring the compound head of Myrio- cejjhalus in close aualogy to the simple head ot' MeUchrysum. Appendages of the general involueral bracts under 1 line long or inconspicuous. Dwai-f ])lant. Leaves much longer than the flower-heads. Par- tial heads 1-flowered. Pappus of 1 very fine avvn or none 1. M. rhizocephalus. Plants of 4 to 1 ft. Leaves under 1 in. long. Partial heads 4- to 6-tlowered. Pappus none or of raicroscopic scales. App.ndages of the general invohicral bracts minute and yel- lowish or inconspicuous 2. M. nudus. Appeudages of the general invokicral bracts white and nearly 1 iine long Z. M. appendicidatus . Decumbent or ascending plant, uuder 6 in. Leaves small, mostly cuneate or spathuldte. Partial heads 4-flowered. Pappus of 1 to 4 bristlc-liiie scaks 4. M. RudaUii. Appeudages of the general involucral bracts 1 to 2 Hnes long, broad and very conspicuous. A))pendages yekow. Partiai-hcads 1-flowered. Achenes gla- brous. Pappus of 5 to 7 bristles, plumose from the base or at the end 5. J/. gracilis. Appenlages white. Herbaceous and flaccid. Partial hcads 2- or 3-flowered. Achen^ hairy. Pappus of l to 4 bnstles 6. ^/. heHchrysoides. Shrubby at thebase wilh rigid erect brauches. Partial heads 2-flowered. Achenes glabrous. Pappus of sevcral bristks tipped wkh traiisparent giobulcs 7. M. suffruticosus. Herbaceous aud tall. Partial hcads 5- to 8-flowcred. Achenes woolly. Pappus of numerous ciliatc bristlcs S. M. Siuartii. 1. M. rhizocephalus, Benth. A small tufted anmial, the stem from \ to 2 or 3 in. long, covered with the broad sheathing bases of the leaves. 558 LXii. COMPOSIT^. \^Mi/rioc('phi?^ LXir. coMPOsiT.i;. 561 niore inuer on(;s flat or slightly concavo. Rec('])tacle witliout scalcs. Florets liermaplirodite, tnhular, slciuUu', 4- or 5-toothe(l, often hardened at the base. Anthers more or less distinctly poiuted or tailed at the base. Stylc-branches nearly terete, truncate. Achenes usually compressed. Pappus none or of 1, 2 or niore jagg-ed or awned scales, often united in a ring or cup at the base. Annual or rarely perennial hcrbs, or in one species shrubby, glabrous or more or less cottony or woolly-white. Leaves altcrnate or very rarely irregularly opposite, entire. Clusters or spikes of flower-heads termiual, sessile or pedunculate, cyliudrical, oblong-ovoid, globular or heniispherical, the partial involucres usually very deciduous with the achenes, or rarely tlie subteiiding" bract persistent. The geims is limited to Australia. The niimcrous genera, mostly monotypic or nearly so, which it is here proposed to uuite, have becn established chietly upon miuute distiuctious iu the pappus, which appear to me to atford a much bettcr specific than generic character. In the senus the general involurre is iess perfect and the general receptaele less develoiied thau in Myriocephalus, more so thau iu Gncphosis and Calocephalus, and the partial involucrc more reduced and tlattened than iu either of the two Litter genera. For the commou nanie, Silo.rertis of Labillardiere has undoubtedly the right of priority, but it has by conuuon cou- sent been rejected as being at complete variance with the etymology givcu by the author. Cassini's emendation (rejectcd as barbarous) aud Sprengers generally adopted one are both more recent than \Vendland's name, which typically represents the tribe, and has been applied to several of the species, whilst Labillardiere's has ouly been given to a single oue. The geueral rules of the science appcar therefore to be best observed by applyiug the name of Angianthus to the whole geuus. Clusters or spikes of fiower-heads cylindrical, ohlong-ovoid or rarely globose, the receptacle a cylindrical rhachis. Annuals or rarely herbaceous perennials. Pappus conspicuous. Spikes cylindrical without tloral leaves. Pappus of 2 or 3 scales ending in bristles plumose at the end \. A. tomentosus. Spikes cylindrical, surrouuded by tloral leaves. Pappus of 1 very ()blique fringed boat-shaped scale 2. A. pleuropappus. Spikes oblong, often surrouuded by floral leaves. Pappus a short irrcgularly-fringed cup Z. A. hrachypappus. Spikes ovoid,"surro'uuded by tloral leaves. Involucral bracts with white appendages. Pappus of scveral lanceolate fringed scales Stems very short ^:. A. humi/usus. Pappus none or a minute ring. Bracts of the general involucre all scarious. Spikes slender, cylindrical, i to l iu. long, attenuate at the base, of a shining brovn ^. A. myosuroides. Spikes short, cylindrical, obtuse at both ends, brown . . ^. A. teneUus. Spikes obloug, attenuate at the base 1. A. pusillus. Outer bracts of the general iuvolucre leafy or tomentose, although short. Spikes ovoid-oblong 8. ^. Milnei. Clusters qf flower-heads ovoid, the receptacle conical. Plant shrubhy at the base. Pappus none or a minute riug. Gcneral iuvolucre shorter thau the heads ^. A. Cunninghamii. Clusters of flower-heads ovoid globular or hemispherical , the re- ceptacle flat, convex or rarely conical {almost ohlong in A. o-Iobifer). Amiuals or rarely herhaceous perennials. Pappus conspicuous. VOL. III. 2 ° 562 LXii. composita;. \_Angianthus. Tall ])lant. Clusters of flovver-heads surroimdecl by broadly ovate floral leavcs. Pappus cup-shaped, deeply jagged . .10.^. phyllocepliahis. Small plant. Clusters of flower-heads surrounded by loug liuear bracts. Pappus of 5 ovatc awncd scales . . . . 11. ^. micropoides. Small plaut. Clusters of flower-heads surrounded by 3 or 4 lloral lcaves not esceeding the heads. Pappus of 3 ovate awncd scales \2. A. microcephalus. Papi)us none or a minute ring. Involucral bracts usually 4 enclosing 2 or rarcly 1 floret. Stcms 2 to 3 in. long or jnore. Florets 5-merous. Floral leaves broadly ovate 13. .4. plaiycephaJus. Floral leaves ovate-lanceolate 14. A. Drummondii. Stems 2 to 3 in. long. Florets 4-merous. Clustcrs of flovver-beads hemis])herical. Florets thick- cned at the base 15. A. Preissianvs. Clusters of flower-heads ovoid or globular. Florets not thickened at the base \%. A. eriocephalus. Stems scarcely any. Clusters of flovver-hcads depressed- globular, almost radical. Florets 5-merous. Hcads 2-flowered . . , 17- A. pygm(Biis. Heads l-flow^red 18. A. glohifer. Involueral bracts 2, enclosiug 1 floret. Bwarf plant, the clusters of flovver-heads almost radical . . 19. A. demissus. Erect or asccnding, 1 to 6 in. high vvith terminal clusters. Leaves narrow. Stems rigid, 2 to 6 in. high. Floral leaves longer than the heads 20. A. strictus. Steras slender, 1 to 3 in. high. Floral leaves not longer than the heads 21. A. plmniger. Leaves ovatc, stem-claspiug. Stem slender, 1 to 3 in. high. Floral leaves 2, broad, often connate . . . 22. A. amplexicaulis. 1. A. tomentosus, Wendl. Coll. Pl. ii. 31. t. 48. An annual, niore or less clotlied with wliite wool, the stems numerous, erect or decunibciit, rarely excecding 6 in. in tlie Eastern specimens, often above 1 ft. in the Western ones. Leaves from oblong-cuneate to linear, obtuse, narrowed at tlie base and slio-htly deciu'rent, tlie upper ones small. Clusters of flower-hcads oblonj^ or cylinclrical, yellowish or pale straw-coloured, those termiuating the stem soraetimes f or even 1 inch lono-, thosc on the branches smaller and more ovoid, all obtuse at the base and usually not close to the last leavcs, tlie rhachis liliform, witli few outer empty bracts. Partial invohicres about l^ lines long, the bracts transparent with an opaque raidrib in the lower part, 2 conduplicate and 2 or 3 flat. Florets 2, or sometimes 1 or 3, 5-toothed, the corolla not at all or scarcely thickened fit the base. Pappus of 2 or 3 ovate denticuhate scales, each terminating in a ratlier long bristle shghtly phiraose at the end. — DC. Prod. vi. 150; Sond. in Linnpea, xxv. 487; CyUndrosorHS Jlnvescens, Benth. in Hueg. Eninn. 627; DC. Prod. vi. 152; AngianfJiiisJlavescens, Steetz in PL Preiss. i. 438. Victoria. Murray river, F. Mueller, BaUachy. S. Australia. Nuyfs Archipelago, R. Brown ; scrub on thc Murray river and thence to St. Vinccnfs Gulf, Behr, F. Miieller and others. W. Australia. King George's Sound to Swan lliver, Brummond, Uh CoU. n. 217, Wi. CoU. n. 352, 353 ; Preiss, n. 62, and othcrs ; Fifzgerald and Philli])s rangcs, Ma.tweU ; Bowcs and Murchison rivers, Oldfield. Jii(ji(nithns.'\ LXll. COMPOSIT.F. 563 2. A. pleuropappus, Benth. An enct slender branchitig annual, AvooUy-tonmntose or at lcngth g-hibrons. Leaves linear. Chistcrs of tlowor- hoads cylindricah \ in. lono- or more, of a gohhn-yellow and shining, scssile among a h\\ floral leaves Hke the steni ones or niore hnnceohitc and sliorter than thc spike. A few short broad scarious bi-acts within the floral lcaves forming a <>cneral invokicre and passing into the subtcnding bracts. Eecep- tacle cylinth-ical, sh-nchM-. Partial invohicres of 2 keeled bracts and 2 flat stipitate ones expanded into an orbieuhar erect himina. Florets 5-merous, thickened and bulb-like at the base. Pappus annular at the base, very ob- lique, the inner side very short and jagged, tlie outer side boat-shaped, fringed and terminating in a point nearly as long as the florct. — Pleitropappvs phjUocalymmeus, F. Muelh in Traus. Vict. lust. 1855, 37. S. Australia. Sterile plains, Port Lincoln, Wilhelmi. 3. A. brach^rpappus, F. Muell. in Trans. Phil. Soc. Vict. i. 44, and in Ilook. Kero Joitrn. viii. 149. An annual dothed with white wool, re- sembhng A. tomentosns, but the stems more diffuse. Leaves linear or linear- cuneate, the uppermost short ones close under the inflorescence. Clusters of flower-heads oblono- or cylindrical, attaining ^ to f in., not so obtuse at the base as in A. tomentosus, closely sessile above the hist leaves. E,eceptaclc cylindricah Partial invohicres as in J. tomenlosns, l^ lines long, with 2 keeled and 2 or 3 flat bracts. Florets usually 2. Pappus a short irregnlarly-fringed or ciliate cup, not divided into distiuct scales, and without any long bristles. N. S. 'Wales. Darling and Lachlan rivers, Biukift, Victoriaii E.rpedition ; Murray river, Dcdlachy. S. Australia. N,W. interior, M^^Bouall Stuarfs E.rpedition. 4. A. humifusus, Benth. A dwarf difl^use annual, the slonder stems ofteu shorter than the inflorescence, rarely 3 or 4 in. long. Leaves very narrow-linear. Ciusters of flower-heads ovoid or globose, of a brovvn-red- dish or nearly white colonr, -g- to f in. long, suiTounded by floral leaves re- sembling the stcm ones, the inner ones boixlered at the base by scarious niargins. Eeceptacle cylindrical, slender, the subtending bracts oblong, ciliate. Partial involucres of 4 to 6 bracts, broader than the subtending one, the tips expanded into short broad plicate white appendages. Piorets 2 or 3, 5-merous. Pappus of 5 or 6 lanccolate shortly aristate jagged scah'S shorter than the floret. — Siloxerus humifusus, Labill. Ph Nov. lloll. ii. 58. t. 209; Stjiloncerns hnmifusus, Spreng. Syst. iii. 451; DC. Prod. vi. 149 ; Steotz in PI. Preiss. i. 435 ; S. cylindraceus, Stcetz, I. c. i. 436. W. Australia. King George's Souud, Tt. Brottm, Preiss, n. 41, and ollicrs, tlicuce to Swau Kiver, Driimmond, \st Colf., ^th Coll. n. 361; Freiss, n. 40, aud otliers; Gordoii river, Preiss, n. 1361, Oldfield, and Murchison rivei', Oldjield, and castward lo Esperaucc Bay, Ma.rwell. Var. mivor. Clustcrs of flower-heads and thc f]owers themselves miich smaller, the pap- pus nearly as loug as the floret. — Kalgau rivcr, Oldfield. Var. grandiflorvs. More robust, 2 to 4 iu. high. Clusters of flovvcr-heads and flowers larger. Involucral bracts with whiter tips. — Styloncerits stiherectus, Stectz ia Pl. Prciss. i. 436 ; Preiss, n. 42. 5. A. myosuroides, Benth. Very closoly allied to and pcrhaps a variety of A. tenellus, with the same stature aud foliage, but the spike or 2 o 2 564 . LXii. composit.t:. [Angianthus. cluster of flower-heads is lonfj and slender, sonietimes excecding 1 in., more taperiiig; at the base, tlie invohicral bracts not so broad and l(;ss ciliate, and tlie florcts mostly S-merous and solitary with a ver\' slight thickeninij at the base. — Chnjsocoryve vii/osuroidcs, A. Gray in Hook. Kew Jouru. iii. 152 ; C. nnijlora, Turcz. in Bull. Mosc. 1851, i. ISS. \t^. Australia, Drummond, Srd Coll. n. 116. 6. A. tenellus, Bcnth. A slender annual of 1 to 2 in., tomentose or at length 2,hibrous. Leaves small, oblong-linear, thick, obtuse. Spikes or clusters of fiower-heads cylindrical, obtuse and scarcely tapeiing at the base, the long-est about -g- in. long but mostly shorter, brovvn and shiuing. Recep- tacle cylindrical, slender. Subtending bracts very broad and transparent with a rather more opaque oblong part at the base, very few of the lower ones empty and no floral leaves round the spike. Partial involucres of 2 complicated rather l)road transparent bracts ciliate on the margin. Florets 2, 3-merous, not thickened at the base. Pappus none. — Crossolepis pnsilla, Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 413, not of Eentli. ; Chrysocorijne Drummondii, A. Gray in Hook. Kew Journ. iii. 152 ; C. tenella, P. Muell. in Trans. Yict. Inst. 1855, 130, and in Hook. Kew Journ. viii. 149. S. Australia. Between the Fountain and Long Lake, Spencer's Gulf, Wilhehni. W. Australia. Kui,2 George's Sound, R. Brmcn ; Svvan River, Dnanmond, \st Coll. A. Gray's specifie nanie has the priority over F. Mueller's, bnt has been applied to an- other species by Turczaninow. 7. A. pusillus, Bmth. A slender erect corymbosely-branched annual of 2 to 6 in., slightly wooUy wbeu young but soon becoming glabrous. Leaves thick, linear or linear-cuneate, or the upper ones small and ovate. Clusters of flower-lieads oblong-clavate, 3 to 4 lines long, from a palc yellow to a rich brown, shining. Eeceptacle cylindrical, slender. Subtending bracts veiT broad and trans])arent, with an opaque truncate base, very few of the lower ones smaller and empty, and no lloral leaves round them. Partial in- volucres of 2 keeled bracts and 2 or 4 flat ones. Florets 2 or 3 in the upper heads or sometimes oidy 1 in the lower ones, 5-merous, scarcely thickened at the base. Pappus annular and fringed but usually very miniite, adhering to the corolla and falling off with it. — Crossolepis pusilla, Benth. in Hueg. Enum. 61 ; Chrysocoryve pusilla, Endl. in Bot. Zeit. 1843, 458 ; Steetz in Pl. Preiss. i. 441 ; C. Hueyelii, A. Gray in Hook. Kew Jouru. iii. 151 ; C. anyianthoides, F. Muell. in Linnaea, xxv. 404, 488. N. S. Wales. Murray and Darling desert, Viciorian Expedition. S. Australia. Murray river and near Cuduaka, F. Mueller. W. Australia. Swan River, Huegel, Drummond, n. 355, Preiss, n. 45 ; Murchison rivcr, Oldjield. Var. polyanthus. Spikes or clusters of flower-heads, when fuU grown \ in. long, the upper partial involucTcs often containing 3 to 6 florets. — Murray and Darling desert. 8. A. Milnei, Benth. Annual or possibly perennial, covered wath vvhite wool, corymbosely branched, abont 6 in. higb. Leaves linear. Clusters of flower-heads ovoid, under ^ in. long, surrounded by a few herbaceous or to- inentose floral leaves or bracts, not exceeding the partial heads. Eecejjtacle cylindrical. luvolucral bracts transparent, with a short opaque midrib, 2 Aiigianthus.'] LXii. compositj3. 565 keelcd ancl 2 flat besides the subtending one. Florets 2, 5-toothed, much thickened, bulb-bke and truncii.te i>t the base. Pappus none. W. Australia. Sharks' Bay aud Dirk Hartog's Islaud, abuudaut, Milne. 9. A. Cunninghamii, Beni/i. A low mucli-branched bushy shrub or undershrub usualiy very wliite, with a close wool aiid very diiierent in habit from the rest of the genus. Leaves spreading or recurved, from oblong- cuneate aud under ^ in. long to linear and above |- in., all obtuse. Clnsters of flower-heads ovoid-globose, rather small, in terminal corymbs, the upper leaves passing into obloug imbricate floral leaves, forming a general iuvolucre but not exceeding the flower-heads. Receptacle conical. Partial involucres of 2 keeied and 2 flat bracts. Florets usually 2, 5-merous, tliickened and bulb-like at tlie base. Pappus a minute ring laliing ott" with the corolla. — S/cirrophonis Ciiuninghantii, DC. Prod. vi. 150, and in Deless. Ic. Sel. iv. t. 51 ; Steetz iu PI. Preiss. i. 438 ; Eriocladluni ■pyramidaluniy Lindl. Sw^anEiv. App. -11. "W. Australia. Svvau River, very abundant, Frasei\ Drummond, Srd CoU. n. 125, Freiss, «.30; Murchisoa river, Oldjield, Drummond, &th Coll. n. 150 or 159; Sharks' Bay aud Dirk Hartog's Islaud, very common, A. Cimningham, Milne. 10. A. phyllocephalus, Benth. Erect, not much branched, stout and rigid, 1 to 2 ft. high, vvith a loose deciduous wool. Leaves few, oblong, spathidate, the lower oues petiolate and often above 1 in. long, the upper smaller and sessile. Clusters of flower-heads at lirst hemisplierical at length globose, attaining f in. diameter, surrounded by broadly ovate floral leaves, closeiy iuibricate at the base, spreadiug but herbaceous at the tips. Kecep- tacle convex. Partial involucres exceedingly deciduous, flattened, of about 3 iuner complicated bracts often woolly towards the top and 1 or perhaps 2 or 3 outer narrower flat ones. Florets soiitary. Pappus cup-shaped, deeply jagged and often oblique, usually coniiug otf with the corolla. — Cephalosorus jjhyllocephalus, A. Gray in Hook. Kew Jouru. iii. 152; Piptostemina carpe- sioides, Turcz. in Buil. Mosc. 1851, i. 192; Cephulosorus drevi/japposus, F. Muell. Fragm. iii. 159. W. Australia, Drummond, it/i Coll. n. 200 ; Murchison river, Oldjield. 11. A. micropoides, Benth. An erect or decumbent white-woolly annual of a lew iuches or when very luxm-iant al)ove ^ foot. Leaves linear. Clusters of flower-heads nearly globular, closely siuTOunded by linear leaves often lanceolate at the base and much longer than the cluster, with a few scarious euipty bracts within them. Keceptacle conical. Partial involucres of 2 concave and about 4 flat narrow-spathulate trausparent bracts. Florets 2, 5-merous, slightly tliickened at the base. Pappus of about 5 ovate jagged scales terminating in a simple awn not ([uite so long as tlic floret. — Fhyltoca- li/nima micropoides, Peuth. in Hueg. Enum. 62 ; Steetz in PI. Preiss. i. 436; F.filaginoides, Steetz, 1. c. 437. W. Australia. Svvau lliver, Hnegel, Preiss, n. 36 und 37. The habit is that of A. strictus, it is also very near A. Drummondii, but is readily distin- guished by the pappus. In Freiss's specimcns, n. 36, the pappus scales without the avvu are uearly half as loug as the corolhi aud scarcely jaggcd, in n. 37 they are nuu^h shorter aud more fiinged aud thc avvu is shorter. Huegers spcciraeus are iuterinediate. 5f)6 LXII. COMPOSIT.T.. l.'//i^ic!)/t/l/iS. 13. A. microcephalus, Be/i/k. A small diffuse much-branchefl ainiual, nearly glal)rous. Leaves liiiear or linear-cuueatc, scarcely exceediug } in. Clusters of floAver-heads numerous, depresscd-globular, attaiuing nearly 3 lines diaraeter, surrounded by 3 or 4 floral leaves scarcely so long as the chisters. Keceptacle very convex. Partial involucres of 2 keeled bracts and rarely a third flat one besides the subtending one. Florets solitary, 5- merous. Pappus of 3 ovate scales quite distiuct or more or less united in a cup, each one sHghtly jagged and with a fine awn shorter than the floret. — Cephaloso7'us microcephalus, F. Muell. Fragm. iii. 158. W. A-ustralia. Salt swarap at the estuary of the Murchisou river, OJdfield. 13. A. platycephalus, Benth. A small slender aunual, none of our specimens 3 iu. loug. Leaves linear or linear-cuueate. Clusters of flower- heads de])ressed, hemispherical, 4 to 5 liues diameter when fully out, sur- rounded by ovate-acumiuate floral leaves longer than the cluster, and a few inner scarious broadly-obovate bracts. E.eceptacle slightly convex. Partial involucres of 2 keeled and 2 flat bracts besides the subteuding oue. Florets 2, 5-raerous, not thickeued at the base. Pappus a sbort jagged ring readily falling oft' with the coroUa. W. Australia. Tone river, Oldjield. 14. A. Drummondii, Benth. A little slender annual of 2 or 3 ia. Leaves linear. Clusters of flower-heads hemispherical, about 3 lines dia- raetei', surrounded by ovate-hmceohite floral leaves longer than the cluster, and a few iuuer scarious bracts as loug as the invoUicres. Receptacle con- vex. Partial invokicres of 2 keeled and 2 flat bracts ratlier broad. Florets usually 2, 5-raerous, not thickened at tlie base. Pappus none. — Skirrophorus Drummondii, Turcz. in BuU. Mosc. 1851, i. 1S8. W. Australia, Drimmond, Srd Coll. n. 123. No. 178 may be a variety of the same witli loiiger aud naiTower tioral leaves, but the specimens are too youog for accurate deter- minalion. 15. A. Preissianus, Be/ith. An erect annual of 2 to 4 iu., soraetimes slender and uearly simple, sometiraes much branched from the base, more or less wooUy-white. Leaves linear, mostly alternale. Clusters of flower-heads depressed-globular, or heraispherical when fully out, 4 lines diameter or more, surrounded by ovate-Iauceolate or linear-lanceolate closely appressed floral leaves longer thau the cluster. Eeceptacle broad, convex. Partial involucres of 2 keeled or concave and 2 flat bracts, a little more than 1 line long. Florets usually 2, 4-merous, thickened and bulb-like at the base. Pappus a rainute deuticulate rhig. — Slcirrophorus Preissianus, Steetz in Pl.Preiss. i. 439. Victoria. Plaiu uear Stratham, Whan ; uear Melbourne, Adamson. Tasmauia. Islancls of Kent's grou]), Bass's Straits, R. Brown. S. Australia. Holdfast Bay, Spenccr's Gulf, F. Miteller. W. Australia, i);««?/«oW, ?i. 1 22 ; Woodmau's Point, Pm,s*, n. 38; Moir's Inlet, Ma.rwelL. Theie may be some doubt whether the characters separating this and A. eriocephalus are constaut. In Druuiniond's speeimeus, all very much a like, I find sometimes the slendcr 4- merous corollas bulb-iike at the base of this spccies, sometinies 5-mcrous corollas not thiclieucd at the base aud appareutly steriic. No. 206 of Drumniond may be the same in a very young statc. The spccies requires hovvever lurthcr investigation. Anyianlhus.'] LXii. composit/E. 567 16. A. eriocephalus, Beuth. A little slender aniiual of i to 3 in. Leaves narrow-liiiear, ofteii opposite. Clusters of fiower-heads ovoid or at length globose, but rarely exceeding 2 lines diaraeter and surrounded by floral leaves not much longer than the cluster. Receptacle smaller and more convex than in A. Premianns. Partial involucres the sarae as in that species. Florets usually 2, slender, 4-raerous, but not at all thickened at the base. Pappus a minute ring or quite inconspicuous. — Skirrojjhorns eriocejjhaltis, Ilook. f. FI. Tasm. i. 198. t. 53 A. Victoria. Victoria range, Yarra rlver, sandy aad salt plaiu near Brightou, Hobson's Bay, F. Mueller. Tasmania. Seacoast near George Town, Gunn. W. Australia. King George's Souud, R. Brovm. lu most specimeus the opposite leaves, uarrow clusters of flower-heads and florets uot tliickeucd at the base appcar to separate this from A. Preissiauus, but soractimes one or all thcse cbaracters are iucoustant, aud this may be a variety only of that specics. 17. A. pygmseus, Benth. A little diffuse annual, forming tufts of about 1 in. diameter, white, with a close tomentum. Leaves linear. Clusters of flower-heads depressed-globular, 3 to 4 lines diameter when full-grovvn, surrounded by a few ovate or lanceolate floral leaves, scarcely exceeding the cluster, and a few inner broad scarious bracts. Eeceptacle convex. Partial involucres of 2 folded and 2 flat bracts, besides the subtending one. Florets 2, 5-nierous, not tliickened at the base at the time of flowering. Pappus none. — Slcirrophorus pygmcBUS, A. Gray in Hook. Kew Journ. iii. 148 ; S. vimromdatus, Turcz. in BuU. Mosc. 1851, ii. 72. W. Australia, Drummond, ^th Coll. n. 59. 18. A. globifer, Benth. A dwarf plant, apparently annual, the stems not y in. long or scarcely any, forming littie clustered tufts \ to 1 in. diameter. Leaves linear, few and short. Clusters of flower-heads globular, 3 to 4 lines dianieter, more or less woolly, surrounded by a few bracts either all broai^ and scarious or the outer ones narrower and more woolly wiih short leafv tii:^^ the subteuding bracts in the clusters with an opaque raidrib, scarious raargins, and often produced into a sraall petal-like pale pink laraina. Peceptacle ob- long. Involucres of 2 keeled and 2 innev Ilat bracts. Florets solitary slender, 5-merous, becoming somewhat enlarged and hardened at the base so as to cover the top of the achene. Pappus none. — Hyalochlamys globifera, A. Gray in Hook. Kew Journ. iii. 101. ■W. Australia, Brummond, Mh Coll. n. 204. The subtending bracts within the chisters of liow^er-beads are nrore pcrsistent than iu most s])ccies of the gcuus, but the iu- voiucres are niuch raore those of Anyiaidhus thau of Gnaphosis. 19. A. demissus, Benth. A little difluse annual, forming loose tufts of 1 to 2 iu. diameter. Leaves linear. Clusters of flower-lieads obovoid- globose, densely enveloped in long wool, snrrounded by a few reflexed floral leaves, longer than the involucres and scarcely any scarious bracts. Recep- tacle small. Partial involucres of 2 conduplicate bracts besides tlie subtend- ing flat one, narrow and woolly in the iqiper half. Florets solitarv, 5-raerous, (lilated and bulb-like at the base ; bulb fringed witli a ring of long wool, more adherent to the achene than to the rest of the corolla, l)ut rcadilv detached 568 Lxii. coMPOsiT/K. \_Aii(jiuHlhiis. froiii botli dud ciirrying off llic top of the achenc. Pappus uoiie. — Skirro- phorns demissus, A. Gray in Hook. Kew Journ. iii. 149 ; Epilriohe cuspidala, Turcz. in BuU. Mosc. 1851, ii. 75. %V. Australia, Brummoiid, bih Coll. Suppl. n. 58. 20. A. strictus, Benth. Probably annual, with ascending or erect rigid stems of 2 to 6 in. Leaves very narrow. Clusters of flower-heads obovoid- turbinate, surrounded by rather numerous narrow and rigid rccurved floral leaves, longer than the involucres, ofteu acute and ahuost pung-ent, with a few inner oblong scarious bracts passing into the subteuding ones within tlu? cluster. Receptacle couvex. Partial involucrc of 2 narrow-oblong concave bracts. Florets solitary, 5-merous, not thickened at the time of fioweriug, niore decidedly bulb-like as the fruit ripens. Pappus none. — Pogonolepis stricta, Steetz in Pl. Preiss. i. 4-40 ; Skirrophorus strictus, A. Gray iu Hook. Kew Journ. iii. 149 ; *S'. Muellerianus, Sond. in Linnsea, xxv. 486. W. S. "Wales. Between the Murray and Darling rivers, Victorian E.rpedition. Victoria. l^laiiis on Avoca river, /''. Mueller; Wiiiiinera, DaUachy. S. Australia. Ciwstal Brook and St. Vincenfs Giilf, F. MueUer. "W. Australia, Brumntond, ^th CoU. n. 357; Vusse river, Preiss, n. 39, OUIfield ; Muieliison river and Charapion Bay, Ohlfield. 21. A. plumiger, Benth. A slender annual of 1 to 3 in. Leaves narrow-liuear. Clusters of tiower-heads obovoid, about \\ lines diameter, surrounded by herbaceous tloral leaves, sliorter than or scarcely exceeding the involucres, with ratlier numerous iniier scarious fViuged or jagged bracts, as long as the invohicres. Partial involucres of 2 couduplicate bracts, besides the tiat subtending one which is much shorter than the involncres, but usually with the rai(b'ib produced into a jagged almost plumose appendage almost as k)ng as the florets. Florets solitary, 5-inerous, not thickened at tlie base. Pappus none, "W. Australia. Svvan aud Murchison rivers, Oldfield. 22. A. amplexicaulis, Benth. A slender, erect. glabrous annual of 1 to 3 in., simple or slightly branched. Leaves ovate, concave, stem-clasping, the upper ones ofteu shortly sheathing at the base, obtuse, under \ in. long, tlie 2 uppermost floral ones larger, broader, closely embracing each other, or sliortly connate, forming an iuvolucre rouud the cluster of flower-heads. Receptacle small, slightly branched. Subtending and involucral bracts generally re- duced to tufts of a very long white wool, tilling the general involucre, but usually shortly united into exceedingly thin, trausparcnt, membranes at tlie base, 2 such bracts to each florct, rather more prominent, but c^cessively thin and often united into a siugle membrane enclosiug the acheiie, which is deusely silky-hairy. Pappus of very short scales or bristles dilated and iinited at the base. — Dithyrostecjia amphxicaulis, A. Gray in Hook. Kew Jouru. iii. 100 ; Gamozygis fiexuosa, Turcz. in BuU. Mosc. 1851, ii. 76. t. 1. V^. Australia, Brummond, Suppl. to ath Coll. n. 57- LXII. C0MP03IT.E. 569 51. GNEPHOSIS, Cass. (Cephalosorus {partly) ; Nematopus and Crossolepis, A. Gray ; Leptotriche, Tarcz. ; Trichanthodium and Cyathopappus, F. Muell.) Flower-heads numerous ancl usuaUy more or less stipitate, on a convex or rarely cyliudrical receptacle, in an ovoid or globular dense cluster or com- ])ouud head, withont auy g-eneral invohicre or surrounded by a few leafy or scarious bracts rarely exceeding the florets. Partial heads 1- or few-flowered, very rarely many-tiowered. Involucre of several bracts, the outer ones bke the subtending ones, narrow and often more persistent, the inner ones broader. transparent and very deciduous. Receptacle without scales. Florets herma- phrodite, tubular, slender, 4- or 5-toothed, sometimes hardened at the base. Anthers more or less distinctly poiuted or tailed at the base. Style-branches nearly terete, truncate. Aclienes usually compressed. Pappus none or form- ing a jagged ring or cup, or rarely of several short distinct scales. — Annual or rarely perennial herbs, glabrous or more or less cottony. Leaves alternate, enlire. Clnster of tlower-heads terminal, sessile or peduuculate. Thc geuus is limited to Australia. It is closely allied to Angianthus, but the geueral involucre and receptacle are less developed than in that genus and the partial iiivolucres much more so, cousisting of much more numerous bracts and not tlattened. Partial heads 1 - or 2-flowered. Minute almost stemless plant. Pappus of several short phimose scalcs 'i. G. Biirkittu. Stems ascending. Heads 1- or 2-flo\vered. Iuvolucral bracts appeudiculate. Pappus none. Achenes woolly (glabrous or or nearly so in thc rest of the genus) 2. G. eriocarpa. Steras erect, virgate. Heads 1-flowered. Pappus cup-shaped. Clusters of flower-heads ovoid. luvolucral bracts as long as the florets. Pappus-cup opeu 3. C macrocephala. Clusters of flower-heads globular. Florets protruding be- yond the involucres. Pappus-cup tubular 4:. G. skirrophora. Stems erect, corymbose. Heads 2-flowered. Clusters tm'biuate- globidar. luvoUicral bracts appendiculate. Pappus cup-shaped. Stem hard. Leaves under \ in. long 5. (?. C)/athopappa. Steuis very slender. Leaves almost subulate, above 4 in. long. 6. G. leploclada. luvolucral bracts not appendiculate. Pappus noue . . . . 7. G^. arachnoidea. Partial heads 3- to (3flowered. Erect plants with filiform branches. Clusters of flower-heads very shining. Pappus annulai", jagged or none. Branches divaricate, dichotomous. Clusters of flower-heads glo- bular 8. G. tenuissima. Brauches flexuose. Clusters of flower-heads turbinate at the base 9. G. acicularis. Partial heads 3- to 20-flow^ered. Dwarf or shortly difl^use annuals with very woolly clusters of flower-heads. Pappus none. Leaves linear-subulate. Heads 3- to 5-flowered. Plant under 1 in 10. G. pygmcea. Leaves linear-oblong or oblong. Plant of 1 to 3 in. Ploral leaves ovate or broadly oblong, woolly only inside. Heads 10- to 15-flowered 11. G.hrevifolia. rioral leaves oblong, concealed iu the abundaut wool. Heads 5- to 10-flowered 12. G. eriocephala. Hirnellia cotuloides, Cass., aud Crossolepis linifoUa, Less., from the short chai'acter given, Less. Syn. Comp. 269, 270, are probably species of Gnephosis, but insutticicntly de- scribed for identiiication. 570 Lxii. coMPosiTiE. [Gnephosis. 1. G. (?) Burkittii, Benth. A dwarf plant, oiir specimens scarcely above | iu. liigli. Leaves narrow-linear, closelv' surrounding tlie cluster of flower-hcads aud exceeding' it, tlie cluster itself globular, 2 to 3 lines diameter, densely euveloped in wliite wool. Eeceptacle small. Partial heads 1-flowered, with nunierous liuear bracts, each with a grecu ceutre and scarious margins bordered by long wool, 2 or 3 inner ones almost entirely scarious. CoroUa slender, minutely -i- or 5-toothcd. Pappus of several short but liue and phimose scales. S. Australia. Lake Gillies, Barkitt. The habit of this niiiiute plaut is that of the snialjest spucies of Anyia7ithus, but the numerous iuvolucral bracts are rather those of Gnephosis. 2. G. (?) eriocarpa, Benth. Described by F. Mueller frora a single fragmeut, a slender slightly brauched steui or brauch of about 4 in., with much of white wool about the iufloresceuce. Leaves liuear-cuneate or linear, about ^ in. long. Clusters of flower-heads globose, very young. Bracts narrow, scarious, vvoolly, with glabrous piuk appendages, very numerous but most of them apparently belong to the partial involucres, a very few forming a general iuvolucre to the cluster. Partial heads 1- or 2-flovvered. CoroUa slender, 5-toothed. Achenes densely covered with long wool, without any pappus. — SkiiTophorus erioearpus, F. Muell. Fragm. iii. 156. W. S. 'Wales. Between Stoke's Range anJ Cooper's Creelc, Wheeler. The iutlo- rescence is niuch too young to be certain of the lloral characters. 3. G. macrocephala, Tnrcz. iu Bnll. Mosc. 1851, i. 190. Stems erect, slender but rigid, 1 to l^ ft. high. Leaves liuear, almost filiform, the uppcr ones short. Clusters of flowcr-hcads ovoid when fully out, about ^ iu. loug, with a very few short empty woolly outer l)racts, tlie subteudiug bracts within the cluster narrow and shorter than the invokicres. Receptacle cylindrical. Partial iuvolucres nearly sessile, of about 4 outer persistent bracts, aud about 3 or 4 inner deciduous oues much broader, ralher longer and folded, all sca- rious, the tips of the same colour, erect aud persisteut. Florets solitary. Pappus broadly cup-shaped, creuulate. — Cephalosurus (jymnocephalus, A. Gi'ay in Hook. Kew Jouru. iii. 153. W. Australia, Drnmmoud, ^th Coll. n. 202 ; Murcliison river, Oldfield. 01diield's speciineiis ai'c more branched, the outer persistcnt bracts are narrovver aud inore numerous, aud the pap])us shorter than iu Drummoud's, but thcy probably all belong to one species. 4. G. skirrophora, Benth. An annual, raore or less wooUy-white, with uumcrous stems, from 2 or 3 in. to nearly 1 ft. high, luu-d at the base. Leaves narrow-liuear, almost filiform. Clusters of flower-heads globular, 3 to 4 lines diameter, with promineut florets, surrouuded by 2 or 3 rows of sraall scarious vvoolly bracts, formiug a geueral involucre, but much shorter than the partial heads, and without the radiatiug tips of Myriocephalus. Recep- tacle suiail, convex, hirsute, with long fiue hairs, tlie persisteut bases of the parlial heads prominent. Involucre slightly compressed, tlie bracts scarious, 2 or 3 outer ones (oue subteudiug?) slightly woolly at the top with a small spreading ovate coloured lauiina, 3 or 4 inner oucs broadcr, glabrous, vvilliout spreadiug tips, all cxcLediugly dcciduous. Florcts solitary, 4- or 5-nu;rous. G)iephomP\ L.vii. composit.i;. 571 Pappus a cyliiulrical cup toothed or jagged aud nearly half as long as the coroUa, usiially adheriiig to and falling otf vvith the thickeued base of the eorolla. — TnchanihudUm skirrophorHin, Sond. and Muell. in Liuna?a, xxv. 490. W. S. 'Vt''ales. Dry Lakc, lu-ar Meiiindie, Victorian E.rpedition. Victoria. iMurray river, F. Mueller ; AVimmera, BaHachy. S. Austi-alia. Ciuhiaka, F. Mueller ; towards Si)eucer's Gulf, Waterhouse. ^V. Australia. Dirk Hartog's Islaiid, Milne. This has fewer and more deciduous outer brartts thati most species, but it is much uearer allied to GHCphosis thau to Angianthus iu habit as well as iu most charaeters. 5. G. cyathopappa, Bmth. Rigid, erect, and corymbosely branched, some specimens appearing annual and simple at the base, others with a hard and woody base, with nuraerous stems, but noue above 6 iu. high, all nearly ghibrous or woolly tomentose, especially about the intlorescence. Leaves linear, rather short. Clusters of tlower-heads turbinate, very numerous in a deuse corymb, surrounded by a few small outer empty braets bke the sub- tendiug ones, but without tlie yellow appendage. Receptacle small, convex or obovoid. Partial heads 2-flowered, very shortly stipitate and usually 3 within the sarae subtending bract. Bracts scarcely woolly, narrow, with a short broad yellow deciduous appendage, 4 or 5 outer ones of each involucre and the subtending one narrower and more persistent than the 4 or 5 iuner very deciduous ones. Pappus cup-shaped, as loug as the slender part of the floret, slightly toothed or jagged, falling off with the eorolla. — Cyathopappus (/)iepho.sioides or Cephulosorus (j)iephosioides, F. Muell. Fragm. ii. 158. N. S. 'Wales. Near Menindie, Darling river, Victorian Expedition. 6. G. leptoclada, Be)ith. A slender, erect, corymbosely branched annual, uearly glabrous. Leaves linear, almost tibform. Clusters of tlovver- heads depressed-globular, 3 to 4 lines diameter, surrounded by a few narrow- oblong leafy bracts or floral leaves shorter than the florets. Eeceptacle rather broad, convex. Partial heads 2-flowered, very shortly stipitate. luvohicral bracts all scarious aud deeiduous, with a small yellow deciduous appendage, 4 or 5 outer ones (1 subtending ?) narrow and about 4 inner rather broadcr orles. Pappus cylindrical, cup-shaped, slightly jagged. — Oephalosorus lepto- cladus, F. Muell. Fragm. iii. 158. W. Australia. Stony places, Barrel Well, Murchison river, Oldfield, a single speci- incu in Herb. F. Mueller, the inliorescence very rotteu. When examined iu a belter state it may prove to be a vaiiety of G. ci/athopappa. 7. G. arachnoidea, Tn)-cz. i)i Bull. Mosc. 1851, i. 189. A slender, erect, coryrabosely-branched annual, usually 6 in. to 1 ft. high, glabrous, ex- cept tlie inflorescence or more or less woolly-tomentose. Leaves very narrow, liuear or subulate. Clusters of flower-heads nearly globose, about 2 lines diameter, surrounded by a few small erapty scarious bracts, without any ap- pendage, the subtending ones within the cluster cuneate-oblong, all except sometimes the lower ones with a small broad deciduous huniiia. Partud heads 2-flowered, very shortiy stipitate aud sometimes 2 or 3 within 1 sub- tending bract. Involucral bracts oblong-cuneate, with a short broad de- ciduous yellow lamiua, about 6 outer ones apparently more persistent than the iuner ones, which have a rather largcr lamina. Pappus uone apparent at tlie time of flowering. — Ne)natopus effimis, A. Gray in llook. Kew Journ. iii. 150. 572 LXii. COMPOSIT^. [Gnephosis. "W. Australia, Drummotid, 'ird Coll. n. 120. The flower-heads have not been seen in an advanced state. Var. foliata. Rather more wooUy and the bracts apparently more woolly and more nu- merous, but the specimens all in very young bud. — Nematojms foliatus, Soud. in Linnsca, ixv. 486. S. Australia. Near Cudnaka, F. 3Iueller. 8. G. tenuissima, Cass. ; DC. Frod. vi. 151. A very slender corym- bose annual, at leiigth glabrous, scarcely exceediug 6 in. in height. Leaves few, linear. Clusters of flower-heads obovoid-globuhxr, very shining, the subtending bracts within the chister and perhaps a few srnall outer ernpty ones with a broadly cuneate opaque base, and a very broad scarious lamina. Partial heads stipitate, 3- or 4-flowered. Invohicral bracts rather nuraerous, the outer ones smaller, 4 to 6 or more inner ones oblong-cuneate, scarious, with a broad deciduous kmina. Fappus annular, jagged. ^IV. Australia. Sharks' Bay, Gaudichand ; Dirk Hartos;'s Islaud, A. CunniiKjham.. AU our spccimens, froiu both sources, are far advauced, the tlorets and achenes almost ali fallen away. The species will require further examination when seen in a better state. 9. G, acicularis, Beuth. An erect gLibrous annual, very slender although rigid, above 1 ft. high, the upper fihforra branches bent in zigzag at every node, the subulate leaves usually in a line with the previous inter- node. Clusters of flower-heads in young buds nearly globuhir, shining, tapering at the base, surrounded by small empty scarious bracts. Partial heads about 6-flowered, sti|)itate. Invohicral bracts numerous, oblong- cuneate, fringed except at the top with long woolly hairs, several of the inner oties with a readily detached hxmina. Plorets in the speciniens too young to ascertain their structure and pappus. ■^V. Australia,. Drummond, &th Coll. «. 201. Of this I have seen a considerable number of specimens, showing a species allicd to but evideutly quite distinct from G. tenuis- sima, but unfortunately too youug for a fuU description. 10. G. pygmsea, Benth. A dwarf annual, all our specimens under 1 in. high, at length ghabrous except the inflorescence. Leaves narrow-linear, scarcely exceeding the flower-heads. Clusters of flower-heads globuhir, wooUy, about 3 lines diameter, surrounded by a few almost leafy bracts, with scarious woolly-ciHate margins, or the iuner 2 or 3 as weli as the subtending bracts within the chisters wholly scarious and woolly-ciliate. Partial flovver- heads 8- to 5-flowered, raore or h'ss stipitate. Involucral bracts about 5, outer ones narrow with rigid midribs and scarious woolly-cibate margins, and 1, 2 or 3 inner ones rather smaller and completely transparent, all witliout appendages. Plorets slender, 3- or 4-toothed. Pappus none, but the aohenes have a fevv hairs, especially at the summit, where they are longer and almost paleaceous, assuming the appearance of a pappus. — Crossoleph pygmaa, A. Gray in Hook. Kew Journ. iii. 176 ; Leptotriche perpusilla, Turcz. in BuU. Mosc. 1851, ii. 73. "W. Australia, Brunmond, ^ih Coll. Suppl. n. 60. 11. G. fcrevifolia, Benth. A slender brancliing plant of 1 to 3 in., glabrous except the inflorcscence. Leaves small, oblong. Clusters of ttower- heads depressed-globular or hcmispherical, 4 to 5 liues diameter, surrouuded by a few oblong leafy bracls not exceeding the cluster, and very vvoolly inside. Gnep/iosis.] LXii. composit.b. .573 Partial flower-beads 10- to 15-flowered. Involucral bracts several outer oiies licrbaceous and bordered by very long intricate woolly hairs, and about 5 inner ones membranous, transparent and ciliate with long wool. Florets 5-raerous. Pappus none. — Crossolepis hrevifoUa, A. Gray in Hook. Kew Journ. iii. 175 ; Myriocephaliis cotuloides, Turcz. in BuU. Mosc. 1851, ii. 73. V^. Australia, Brummond, 'hth Coll. Suppl. n. 61. 12. G. eriocephala, Benth. A sleuder decumbent branching aunual of 2 to 3 in., very loosely and copiously woolly or the lower part glabrous. Leaves small, liuear-oblong. Clusters of flower-heads 3 to 5 lines diameter, snrrounded by a few oblong herbaceous bracts densely enveloped in wool. Partial heads 6- to 10-flowered. Involucres of several outer herbaceous bracts and about 4 inner transparent ones, all very densely wooUy-ciliate. Pappus none. — Crossolepis eriocephala, A. Gray in Hook. Kevv Journ. iii. 176; Myriocephalns vitlosissiin/fs, Tnrcz. in Bull. Mosc. 151. ii. 74. \jr. Australia, Drummond, ^th Coll. Suppl. n. 62. 52. CALOCEPHALUS, E. Br. (Leucophyta, R. Br. ; Pachysurus, Steefz ; Blennospora Mid Aelirysura, A. Gray^ Flower-heads numerous and usuaDy more or less stipitate on a sraall and branching or globose or conical receptacle in an ovoid or globular dense cluster or compound head without any general involucre or surrounded by a few leafy or scarious bracts rarely exceeding the florets. Partial heads 2- or more-flowered. luvolucre of several bracts, the outer ones like the subtend- ing ones narrow and often more persistent, the inner ones broader transparent and very deciduous. Keceptacle without scales. Florets hermaphrodite, tubular, 5-toothed, not at all or scarcely hardened at the base. Anthers more or less distinctly tailed. Style-branches nearly terete, truncate. Achenes usually compressed. Pappus of several narrow linear scales or bristles plu- mose-ciliate from the base or at the eud only, all free or united in a ring at the base. — Annual or perennial herbs or rarely undershrubs or sraall shrubs, raore or less cottony or wooUy, white or rarely glabrous. Leaves alternate or in two species opposite, entire. Clusters of flower-heads terminal, sessile or pedunculate. The genus is limited to Anstralia. It is very near to Gnephosis, differinn; chiefly in the jiappus. The general receptacle is also sometinies broken up or slightly branched, the par- tiiJ heads are thus more distinct and having often more florets counect the geuus through Cephalipterum and Gnaphalodes with Helipterum. Partial heads 2- or 3-flowered. Leaves alternate. Pappus phimose from the basc. Invohicral bracts without appendages. Annual of 2 to 3 inches \. C. Brummondii. Brauching shrub of about a foot 2. C. Brownii. Pappus plumose at the end. Involucral bracts with sm;ill petal- like appendages 3. C. Sonderi. Leaves mostly opposite. Pappus plumose chiefly at the end. Leaves mostly obtuse. Cliisters of flovver-heads white . . . 4. C. lacteus. Leaves mostly acutc. Clustcrs of flowcr-heads vcllow . . . 5. C. citreus. oT-i LXii. composit.t:. \_Caluc('j)huhis. Partial heads 6- or more-flowered. Clusters of flower-heads deiise and globular. .\ppeiidages of the involucral bracts radiating round the partial heads. Leaves liuear-cuneate. Paj^pns plnniose at the end . . . . fi. (7. angianthoides. Leaves narrow-linear. Pap])us phunose froiii fhc base . . . 1. C. Fmncisii. Clusters of flower-heads loose, the heads distiuctly stipitate. Invo- lueral bracts without any or with very sniall appendages. Pappus of woolly-pluniose hair-like bristles. Leaves narrow-linear. Clusters of flower-heads tcnninal. Pereunial or undershrub. Pappus-bristles distinct .... 8. C.plaii/cephahis. AnnuaL Pappus-bristles united at the base in a broad palea- ceous riug . . ., 9. C multiflorus. Leaves ovate on long petioles. Clusters of flower-heads very deusely woolly, clustered along the brauches of the j^anicle . 10. C. (eruoides. (See also Gnephosis Burkittii, which has a pappus of plumose-ciliate scales, but they are very short, and Angianthus tomentosus in which the pappus-scales, ouly 3 in number, end in plumose bristles.) 1. C. Drummondii, Benth. A loosely woolly annual witli several erect stems of 2 to 3 in. Leaves alternate, narrow-linear. Clusters of flower- heads ovoid-globular, 3 to 4 lines diameter or even more, without any or with a single floral leaf. Eeceptacle small or branching, subtending bracts witliin the chister and a few outer empty ones narrow-oblong, scarious, woolly. Partial heads stipitate, 2-flow^ered, the outer persistent invokicral bracts oblong-cimeate, very wooUy near the top of the stipes ; inner bracts about 4, longer than the others, ovate, concave, deciduous. Pappus very transparent, oblique, of ahout 8 to 10 unequal slender woolly-phimose bristles, united in a short cup at the base. — Blemiospora Bn/mmoidii, A. Gray in Hook. Kew Journ. iii. 173. ^V. Australia, Druinmond, oth Coll. n. 359, ayid Suppl. n. 68. 2. C. Brownii, T. Muell. Rep. Bahh. Exped. 13. A much-branched rigid shrub rarely exceeding 1 ft. in height, white with a close woolly tomen- tum. Leaves alternate, linear, obtuse, mostly under 1 line and rarely 2 lines long. Clusters of flower-heads globular, 4 to 6 lines diameter, surrounded by a few floral leaves murh shorter than the invob.icres. Eeceptacle nearly globular. Partial heads 3- or sometimes 2-flowered, raised on very short stipes or protuberances of the receptacle. Bracts all very deciduous, cuneate- oblong or lincar-oblong, very woolly above the middle, the subtending ones rather broader, those of the involucre about 10, the inner scarcely broader than the onter, all without appendages. Pappus of about 8 to 10 linear plumose-ciliate scales as long as the corolla, slightly united at the base. — Lencoplnjta Browiiei, Cass. ; Less. Syn. Comp. 271; DC. Prod. vi. 152; Steetz in Pl. Press. i. 442 ; Hook. f. Pl. Tasm. i. 196. Victoria. Seacoasts from Glenelg river to \Vilson's Promontory, F. 3fueIIer, Fohert- son, aud otiicrs. Tasmauia. Port Dalrymple, R. Brown ; scacoast of the north shores of tlic islaud, /. B. Hoo/cer. S. Australia. Common ou thc sandy seacoasts both of the mainland and Kangaroo Island, F. Mueller and others. TV. Australia, D?-ww»;o??^/, 4^/i Coll. «.124; Goose Island Bay, Ji. Brovm ; Kiug George's Souud, Fraser and olhers; Swan River aud Rotlcnest Island, Preiss, n. 31, 32 ; Point Irwin, Oldfield ; Sharks' Bay, Denham. The Western speciniens are gencrally more vigorous than thc others, with longcr leaves and larger heads. Oalocejjkahs.] lxh. composit.e. 575 3. C. Sonderi, F. Muell. Rep. Bahh. Exped. 13. An ercct brancliinor loosely wooUy annual, with a hard stem, attaining sonietiraes above 1 ft. in hoight. Leaves alternate, linear, the upper ones short and decurrent. Clusters of tlowcr-heads yellow, ovoid or globose, rarely 5 lines long. Eeceptacle cylin- drical, branched. Partial heads stipitate, 2- or 3-flowered. Subtending- and outer involucral bracts 2 or 3, in the hiteral heads more nunierous, in the terminal one narrow but scarious and woolly-ciliate with a small L'imina or appendage, a few inner ones broader, less ciHate, with a more prominent yellow Lamina. Pappus of several very unequal scales united in a ring or cup at the base, and more or less produced into awns or bristles of which the longer ones are pknnose at the end. Victoria. Avoca and MiuTay rivers, F. MueJler. S. Australia. ^Murray scrub, F. Mueller. 4. C. lacteus, Leas. Syn. Comp. 271. A perennial with rather slender but hard ascending or erect stems of 1 to 2 ft., hoary or white with a close tomentuni. Leaves linear, obtuse, the lower ones or nearly all opposite. Clusters of flower-heads oblong-ovoid or nearly globular, white, j to ^ in. long, without any or oniy 1 or 2 very small leafy bracts under them. Eecep- tacle cylindrical. Partial heads shortly stipitate, usually 3-flowered. Sub- tending bracts within the cluster short, scarious. Livolucres of about 10 bracts, the outer ones narrow-cuneate, slightly or not at all ciliate, without appendages, the inner ones more deciduous, oblong, with a wliite broad Lamina. Pappus of 6 to 10 very narrow linear scales united in a ring at the base and plumose at the end. — DC, Prod. vi. 151; A. Brongn. Voy. Coq. t. 60 ; Hook. f. FL Tasm. i. 196. Victoria. Glenelg river, Port Phillip, Melbourne, Ballarat, Bacchus Marsh, etc, F. Mueller and others. Tasmania. Risdon Cove, Derwent river, R. Bromn ; salt-marshes and seacoast, northcrn parts of the island, /. D. Hooker. 5. Australia. Bethanic, Onkaparinga river, Gawler river, F. lllueller. W. Australia, Brimmond, ird Coll. n. 118. 5. C. citreus, Less. Syn. Comp. 271. A perennial with a woody base, closely resembling C. lacteus and perhaps a variety, but the leaves are nar- rower, less obtuse or almost acute and the clusters of flower-heads yellow. Partial heads more sessile than in C. lactens, the subtending bracts often very small, the outer involucral bracts more wooUy at the base, tlie lamina of tlie inner ones bright yellow. Pappus-scales more phunose than in C. lacteus but variable, sometimes few onlv and slender, sometimes 8 to 10 and broader. — DC. Prod. vi. 151 ; Brongn.'Voy. Coq. t. 60. N. S. ^Vales. Lachlan rivcr, Fraser ; New England, C. Siuart. Tasmania. Risdon Cove, Derwent river, R. Brov:n. S. Australia. Guichcn Bay, Gawler river, Mount Lofty, Mount Barker, F. Mueller. 6. C. angianthoides, Benth. A slender branehing annuaL Leaves linear. Clusters of flower-heads from globose and about 3 lincs diameter to ovoid and fuUy 5 lines loiig, suiTOunded by a few scarious woolly bracts shorter tliaii the florets. Receptacle smali. Partial heads on a stalk-like rhachis, 6- or more-flowered. Subtendino' bracts within the ciuster rather narrow, con- 576 T,XTT. COMPOSTT/E. WaloCPpJialnS. cave, stipitato. Iiivolucral bracts numerous, the outer ones linear-spathulate, ciliate witli long woolly hairs, the broad scnrious end g-labrous but brown and not spreadiiia;, about 6 inner ones oblong scarious, o-labrous, with a scarious ycllow or white radiating reniform laraina. Pappus annular, jaggcd, with several bristles as loug as the corolla and pluraose towards the eud with long cilia. — Pachysuriis angiantJioifles, Steetz in PI. Prciss. i. 442. "W. Australia, Brummond, ^th Coll. n. 354 ; foot of Mount Eliza, Preiss, n. 44. 7. C. Francisii, BeiitJt. An annual with numerous slendcr stems of 3 to 6 in., glabrous or nearly so. Leaves very narrow-linear, short. Clusters of flower-hcads globose or ovoid, about ■§ in. diameter, without any or very few outer empty bracts. Eeccptacle small. Partial heads shortly stipitate, 6- to 20-flowered. Involucral bracts nuraerous, scarioiis, woolly-ciliate, the outer and subtending ones narrow with a small laminn, 12 or more inner ones with a short broad ahnost reniforin spreading lainina, forming a ray round the partial Iiead. Pappus of several exceediugly fine hair-like plumose bristles. — PacJiysm-ns Francisii, P. Muell. Fragm. iii. 155. W. Australia. Murchison river and Charnpion Bay, Olclfield ; Brummond, (jtli CoU. n. 161. 9. C. platyceplialus, BentJi. A pcrennial or undershrub, more or less woolly-white, witli simple or branched steras of ^ to 1 ft. Leaves linear. Chistcrs of flower-hcads globosc and abont ^ in. diaraeter or at length larger aud irrcgnhnrly lobed, without outer empty bracts. Eeceptacle small. Partial heads shortly stipitatc, luany-flowcred. Involucral bracts very numerous, the outer ones narrow and avooUv, the inner broader transparent and gl;ibrous, all witli a reniform foldcd lamina, radiating but vcry sraall and scarcely conspi- cuous when the flowers are fuUy out. Pappus of hair-like woolly-phimose bristles. — PacJiysurns platycepJialus, F. MueU. Fragm. iii. 154. M. S. 'Wales. Darling viver to the Barrier rauge, Victorian Ea-peditj-on, BaUachy aud Gnodwin. S. Australia. Towards Spencer'9 Gulf (a fragraent only'', F. MueUer ; in the interior, M^Bouall Stuarfs Expedition. 9. C. multiflorus, BentJi. An erect branching annnal, of 1 to 6 in., the white wool usually persistent. Leaves uarrow-linear. Clusters of flower- heads often \ iu. diameter ou the main stem, with the partial heads aliuost distinct, raoi-e corapact aiul ^ in. diaraeter ou thc sidc branches, all with a few outcr leafy bracts or floral leaves, vcry woolly, and not exceediiig tlie heads. Eeceptacle small. Partial heads stipitate, 10- to 15-flowered. In- vohxcral bracts numerous, the outer ones persistent, with liuear opaque centres and scarious woolly-ciliate margins ; inuer ones very deciduous, trans- parent, aud slightly ciliate, with small ycUow deciduous tips. Pappus of several vcry fine wfoolly-plumose bristles, united at the base in a broad palea- ceous ring. — PacJiysiirus mnltijtorus, Turcz. in Bull. Mosc. 1851, i. 192; JcJirysum rjlomeratim., A. Gray in Hook. Kew Journ. iv. 229. W. Australia. Brummond, Srd CoU. n. 117, ^tk CoU, n. 389. 10. C. aeruoides, BentJi. An annual, with a hollovv, ascending, pani- culately-branchcd stem of above 1 ft., the wool floccose aud deciduous. Cahcephalus.'] LXII. COMPOSIT.E. 577 Tjcaves few, on long petioles, ovate or rhomboidal, tlie larger oiies above 1 in. long-. Clusters of liower-lieads ovoid or globular, scssile and irregularly clustered on the branches of the panicle, niostly about x in. diaraeter and vcry densely wooUy. Partial heads not very numerous iu the cluster, 10- to 15-flowered. Involucral bracts scarious, shorter thau the florets, the outer and subtending ones woolly, with a persistent, ratlier rigid midrib ; the ituier oucs entirely scarious. Pappus of several long, hair-like, woolly-plumose bristles. — Facliysurm (Pruoides, F. Muell. Fragra. iii. 154'. W. Australia. Moist places, Port Gregory, Oldfield. The foliage atul aspect of this species are very ditferent froin those of any other Angianthea. 53. CEPHALIPTERUM, A. Gray. Flower-lieads several together, sessile in a large terraiual nearly globular cluster or compound head. Involucres ovoid-turbinate, the bracts uumerons, scarious, the inner ones with long, spreading, petal-like laininse. Receptacle Avithout scales. Florets nuraerous, all tubnlar, herraaphrodite, the iunermost sterile, with undivided styles. Authers tailed. Style-branches in the perfect ilorets truncate. Achenes densely woolly. Pappus of 3 to 6 shortly ciliate bristles, terminatiug in a pluraose tuft, accompanied by an exterior oblique or cup-shaped scale. — Annual. Leaves alternate, entire. Slem siraple, with a terrainal cluster of flower-heads. The genus is limited to a single species, endemic in Australia. It is closely allied to Ca- locephaiiis ; but the more distinct flower-heads, with more uumerous florets and large petal- likf lainiuse of the iuner involucral bracts, connect it with Helipierum, and the external scale of the pappus is peculiar. 1. C. Drummondii, ^. Gray in Hook. Kew Journ. iv. 273. An erect annual of 1 ft. or niore, sprinkled with short trauspareiit hairs. Radical aud lower leaves oblong-spathulate, narrowed iiito a long petiole ; upper oues linear or lauceolate. Flower-heads rather nuraerous, in a siugle teriiiual nearly globular duster of f to above 1 in. diaraeter, without auy or with ouly a verv few suiall linear floral leaves. Involucres about 3 lines diameter, the outer bracts very thin and broad, the spreading wliite or pale yellow laminse of the irmer ones 3 to 4 liues long. Florets about 12 lo 15. Anther-tails very short. Pappus-bristles 3 to 6, as long as the corolla, shortly ciliate the whole length, tlie terminal tuft very prominent, the small outer scale varying froiti nearly regularly cup-shaped to very oblique and one-sided, entire or fringed by long hairs. S. Australia. In the iuterior from the head of the Grreat Bight, Belisser. W. Australia, Brummond ; Bowes river and Champion Bay, Oldfield. 54. GNAPHALODES, A. Gray. Flovvcr-heads several, sessile in a dense cluster or corapound head, sur- rouuded by a few leafy bracts, each head raauy-flowered. Involucre ovoid, the bracis scarious, inibricate, very wooUy, the inner ones with sinall radiating tips. Peceptacle without scales. Florets all slendcr, tubulnr, licnnaphrodite, 5-toothed. Anthers with fine tails. Style-branches truncate. Achenes VOL. III. ^ ^ 578 LXil. coMPOSlTyE. [^Gnaphalodcs. ^•labrous. Pappns of about 5 elastioally-spreading, rather broad, plumose bristles. — Dwarf brauching annuals, more or less white-tomeutose. Leaves alternate, entire. Clusters of flower-heads terminal. The genus is limited to Australia. The habit is almost that of Gnaphalium, but thcre are no fcmale florcts. Like Cephalipteruin, it connects the Angianthea with Helichrysea. Eloral leaves broadly ovate. Pappus-bristles without any terminal tuft \. G. uliginosum. Floral leaves oblong. Pappus-bristles with a stipitate terminal tuft . 2. G. condensatum. Floral leaves linear-filiform. Pappus-bristles without any terniinal tuft 3. G.fiUfolium. 1. G. uliginosunij A. Gray in Sook. Kew Journ. iv. 228. A dwarf, difluse, white tomentose annual, the central stems exceedingly short, the hiteral ones often 2 to 3 iu. long. Leaves smali, petiolate, obovate. Clus- ters of ilower-heads nearly \ in. diameter, sessile amid broadly ovate or ob- long woolly floral-leaves of 2 to 4 lines. Bracts of the invobicre closely con- nected by an intricate wooL Fiorets numerous. Pappus-bristles jibunose from the base, without any terminal tuft, spreatHng out elastically the mo- ment they are released from the wool of the involucre. — G. evacmum, Sond. iu Linna;a, xxv. 520. N. S. Wales. Darling river, Vintorian Expedition, Bowman. Victoria. .Mnrray river and Wimmcra, DaUachy. S. Australia. From the Murray to the head of Spencer's Gulf, F. MueUer. "W. Australia, Drunimond, Jst Coll. also n. 69, and ^th CoU. n. 360 ; Bowes and Murchisoii rivcrs, Oldfield ; Gai'diner river, Maxwell; Swan River, Freiss, n. 2415. 2. G. condensatum, A. Gray in Hook. Kew Journ. iv. 228. Very near G. uVujlnotimn, but the flower-heads are larger, in more conipact dusters, almost sessiU; on the ground ; the outer floral-leaves oblong, much longer than the cbister, and narrowed into a broad petiole, tlie inner ones shorter and ovate. Pappus as in G. uligiuomm, but the bristles termiiuuing in little stipitate tufted appendages. W Australia, Bmmmond, hth CoU. n. 363 ; Sharks' Bay, M. Brown. 3. G. filifolium, Benth. A dwarf branching annual, with very few woolly hairs, our specimen scarcely 1 in. high. Leaves linear-tiliform, the floral ones closely surrounding the chisters of flower-lieads and exceeding them. Clusters dense, nearly globular, 2 to 3 bnes diameter. Livolucrcs loosely woollv, the bracts rather numerous, mostly with very short broad aud obtuse white radiating tips. Florets very few. Pappusof 5 plumose-ciUate narrow scales or bristles. W. Australia. Murray rivcr, Oldfield. I havc only secn a singlc specimcn with the llorcts still iu bnd, but thcre seems to be no doubt of its belongiug to this genus. 55. CRASPEDIA, Porst. (Richea, LabiU. ; Pycnosorus, Benth.) Plower-heads numerous, sessile or nearly so on a convex oblong or cylin- drical reccptacle, in a globular or ovoid dense cluster or compound head, surrounded by several more or less scarious bvacts, forining a general invo- lucre not excee(Unichoides. Annuals or perenuials, erect, branching and cottony. Leaves decurrent. Pappus-scales deeply divided into bristle-Hke lobes Z. R. Brownii. Leaves not decurrent. Pappns-scalcs nndivided. Anthers niuch esserted. Pappus-scales 5 to 7, spathulate, quite eiitire. Flowers yelJow 4t. R. helichrysoides. Anthers not exserted. Pappus-scales about 10. Plowers white. Pappus-scales cuneate obtuse, scarcely deuticulate Z. R. teucanthn. Rowers yeUow. Pappus-scales lauceolate, acute, ciliate . 6. R. Murchisonii. Small ditfuse annual of 1 to 3 in. Flower-heads uumerous and smali 1. R. Rimilo. (See also Helipterum Pyrethrum and H. dimorpholeins, in wliich the pappus-bristles are more or less scale-like.) 1. R. leiolepis, I. Muell. in Trans. Vict. Inst. 1855, 131, and in Hook. Kew Journ. viii. 149. Stock densely tufted or shortly branched and woody. Leaves chietly radical, linear, with revolute margins, f to \\ in. long. Scapes 1-headed, under 6 in. long, with a few small leaves. Involucre broadly lieniispherical, | to 1 in. diameter, the inner bracts with a dry cuneate base and ovate or ovate-lanceolate scarious lamina, the outer oiies short and scarious from the base. Eeceptacle very convex. FJorets very slender. Achenes ghnnddar-papillose. Pappus of 10 to 15 wliite ol)long-spathi;late almost stipitate scales, as long as the achenes, minutely ciliolate. Victoria. Kocks aloug Suowy River, F. Mueller. 2. R. leptorhynchoides, F. Muell. Fragm. v. 148. Stems from a tufted woody stock ercct, leafy but simple and 1-headed, often exceeding VOL. III. 9, oy^ Lxn. COMPOSIT.E. [Rutidosis. 1 ft., usunlly glabrous, except a little loose wool near the base. Leaves narrow- linear with revokite margins, or the lower ones lanceolate ancl flat. Invo- lucres broadly hemispherical, | to f in. diameter, the bracts not ciliate and their broad chiws loiiger in proportion than in the other species. Achenes papil- lose. Pappus of 10 to 15 narrow-lanceolate ciliate almost plumose scales. N. S. TVales. Kinc;stown, Newcastle, R. Broion, Leichhardt. Victoria. Grassy clinnps about Nanueala, Robertson; near Station Peak, Fullager. The species is ailied in liabit to R. leiolepis, iu the pappus to R. Mtirchisonii. 3. R. Brownii, Benth. An erect rather slender branching annual of f to l^ ft., more or less covered with cottony wool. Leavcs hnnceohite or linear, decurrent on the stera, silky-cottony underneath, becoming glabrous above. Peduncles lerrainal, long and slender, bearing a single sniall head. Involucre broadly hemisphcrical, not above 3 lines diameter, the bracts scarious, the shining straw-coloured tips of the inner ones not exceeding the florets. Achenes papillose. Pappus-scales not longer thau the acheue, deeply divided into bristle-like lobes. N. Australia. Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Broicn. Queensland Eudeavour river, Banks and Solander. 4. R. helichrysoides, BC. Prod. vi. 159. A perennial witli a hard woody stock aud erect brauching stenis of 1 to 2 ft., cottony-white as well as the foliage. Leaves liuear or the lower ones obloug-spatliulate, 1 to 2 in. long, or the upper oncs smaller, ohtuse or with callous points, not decurrent. Plower-heads on terrainal peduncles. Involucre broadly liemispherieal, iu sorae specimens all under \ iu. diameter, in others Larger, the bracts cuneate at the base, with elegautly ciliate scarious transversely-wrinkled laminse, loose but scarcely radiatiiig. Florets yellow, 5-toothed. Anthers exserted. Achenes glandular-papillose. Pappus of 5 to 7 spathulate scales, about as long as the achene. — R. auricoma, F. Muell. in Linufea, xxv. 408. N. S. Wales. Wet tiats, jMolle's Plaius, j4. Canninyham ; Macquarrie rivor, Mitchell; ffoni the Lachlan and Darling rivers to the Barrier Range, Victorian and olher Expeditions. Victoria. JMurray river, i^". Miieller ; ¥l\mmera,.Da//achi/. 5. Australia. Cudnaka and Flinders van^e., F. Miie//er ; Coopcr's Creek and Wills Creek (with uarrower and less ciliate involucral bracts), Howitfs E.rijedition. 5. R. leucantha, F. Mudl. Fragm. i. 35. Erect, branching, woolly- tonientose, 1 to 2 ft. Iiigh aud perhaps aunual, although with a hard almost woody base. Leaves lanceolate or the upper ones linear, not decurrent, losing the wool on the upper side. Flower-heads on loug peduncles, about the size and shape of tliose of R. hdichrysoides, but the involucral bracts not ciliate and the florets wiiite and rather more slender. Achenes glaudular. Pappus of about 10 cuneate scales, slightly denticulale at the end. N. Australia. Mackeuzie river, F. Mue//er. 6. R. Murchisonii, F. Muell. Fragm.. i. 34. Erect and branching, rather slender, slightly woolly-tomentose, the specimens under 1 ft. high. Leaves linear, not decurrent. Flower-heads on long peduncles, smaller than iii R.helichrfjsoides. Involncres broadly hemispherical, rarely \ in. diameter, the laminffi of the bracts ovate, scarcely ciliate. Florets yellow, 5-toothed. Anthers not exserted. Achenes papiilose. Pappus of 8 to 13 knceolate, acute, ciliate scales. Ruiidos/s.] LXii. COMPOSIT^.. 595 Queensland. Burnctt river, F. ilaeUer ; Wide Bay, BidtciU. 7. R. Pumilo, Benth. A little slender branchiiig annual, of | to 3 in., glabrous or slightly cottony about the inflorescence. Leaves linear, stera- clasping at the base, the lovver ones sometimes opposite. Plower-lieads very small, usually several in a dense terminal cyme, each one surrounded by 2 to 4 leafy bracts, rather longer than the head. Involucre hemispherical, 2 to 3 lines diaineter, of about 8 to 10 broad very scarious bracts, as in tlie rest of the genus, but nearly equal, the claws of the inner ones very sliort. Florets sometimes only 3 or 4 in the lateral heads, usually numerous in the terminal ones, the corolla 4- or rarely 5-toothed. Achenes often curved. Pappus of 6 to 12 obovate or oblong-cuneate scales, obtuse and entire or rainutely den- ticulate. — Pnmilo urtjyrolepis, Schlecht. Linniiea, xxi. 448; Sond. in Linnsea, XXV. 487 ; Pumilo Preissii, Sond. 1. c. ; Hook. f. Fl. Tasra. i. 199, t. 53 ; Sty- loncerus multiflorus, Nees in Pl. Preiss. ii. 244 ; Actinopappus pei jmsillus, Hook. f., aud J. Drummondii, A. Gray in Hook. Kew Journ. iv. 226. Victoria. Yarra river, F. MueUer, Harvey, Tasmania. Trap rocks, "West Head, Tamar river, and Gcorgetown, Gunn. S. Australia. Near Tonunda, T. MucUer. W. Australia, Drummond, Uh CoU. n. 67 ; Swan River, Freiss, n. 127 ; Kalgan and Vasse rivers, OUIfield. Notwithstanding the dwarf slender habit of this little plaiit, it appears to me not to be generically separable frora Rutidosis. 67. QUINETIA, Cass. Involucre cylindi-ical, of very few nearly equal narrow bracts. Eeceptacle small, without scales. Plorets very few, hermaphrodite, tubular, 4- (or 5-?) toothed. Anthers shortly or obscurely tailed. Style-branches subulate, almost acute. Achenes cylindrical, not beaked. Pappus of several scales, lanceolate at the base, tapering into a fine awn. — Small slender annual. Leaves alternate, entire. Plower-heads small, terminal or almost axiliary. The genus is limited to a single species, cndemic iu Australia. The style is somevvhat anomalous in Gnaphaliea, but iu other respects it appears to be more nearly allied to them than to any other tribe. 1. Q. Urvillei, Cass.; DC. Prod. vi. 158. A little slender erect an- nual, of 2 to 4 in., more or less wooUy-tomentose. Leaves petiolate, from linear-cuneate to broadly obovate, rarely above \ in. long. Flow^er-heads very shortly peduncnlate, terminal or appearing axillary from the shortness of the lateral shoots. Involucre about 2 lines long, of 3 or 4 oblong-linear bracts, slightly scarious on theedges. Florets 2 to4, very slender. Acheues, when ripe, ncarly as long as the involucre, silky-haiiy at thetop, and con- tracted at the base into a very sltort hairy stipes. Pappus-scales varying from 3 to 8, the avvns as long as the achene itself. W. Australia. King George's Sound, DWrville, Suegel ; Bowes and Blackwood rivers, Oldfield. 68. MIIiLOTIA, Cass. Involucre cylindrical or almost ovoid, of few nearly equal narrow bracts. Eeceptacle small, without scales. Florets all hermaphrodite, tubular, 4- or 2 Q 2 596 LXii. C0MP0SIT.1!. [Millotia. 5-tootlied. Anthcrs witli fiiie, usually ciliate-plumose tails. Stvle-branclies teruiinatiujr in a very short cone. Achenes cylindrical, contracted into a slender beak. Pappus of fine barbellate or ciliate capillary bristles. — Small jinnuals. Leaves alternate, linear. Fiower-heads snudl, on terminal pe- duncles. The genus is liniited to Australia. It JifTers froin Lqdorln/nchiis and Ifaiizia iu thc iu- volucre, from other GnfqjhalietB iu the slender beak of Ihe achenes. Pappus as long as the corolla, scarcely barbellate \. M. tenuifolia. Pappus shorter than the corolla, the bristles ciliate-plumose with a few long bairs 2. M. Greevesii. 1. M. tennifolia, Cnss. ; DC. Prod. vi. 161. A slender erect annual, of 2 to 6 iu. or rather more, simple or branched, hoary or white with close or wooUy hairs, or becoming almost glabrous. Leaves narrow-linear, or the lower ones broader and coutracted into a long petiole. Involucres vaiying from under 3 to above 4 lines iu length, the bracts linear, herbaceous, hoary, with minute coloured tips. Florets 20 to 30, longer thau the involucre. Achenes papillose or abnost muricate, the sleuder beak very variable in length, the ]Dappus of very shortlv barbellate capillary bristles. — Steetz in Pl. Preiss. i. 4.56; Hook. f.'Fl. Tasm. i. 209; Sond."iu LiuuiEa, xxv. 503; Seuecio wi/osoli(JifoIiiis, Benth. iu Hueg. Enum. 66 ; Millotia viyositidifolia, Steetz in PI. Preiss. i. 457 ; M. glabra and M. robusta, Steetz, 1. c. 458. n. S. Wales. Piper's Hill, Fraser ; Mallee scrub, Vicforian Exjiedition. Victoria. About iMelboiirue, Adarason ; Glenelg river aud iu the Grampians, F. Mueller ; AVimmera, Ualluchy. Tasmania. Port Dalryiuple, 7J. Broion ; common in dry stony places, /. D. Hooker. S. Australia. Fiedier'3 Section, Behr ; from the Miirray to St. Vinceufs and Spencer's gulfs, F. Mueller and others. W. Australia. King George's Sound, R. Brown, and thence to Swan River, Huegel, Briimmond, hth Coll. n. 363, Preiss, n. 66, 67, 68, 100, and others ; Murchison river, Oldfield ; eastward to the Great Bight, Maxwell. 2. M. Greevesii, F. Mnell. Fragm. iii. 18. /5. 19. A slender erect or difi:"use annual, under 6 iu. high, more or less woolly-white or at length gla- brous, except the intiorescence. Leaves filiforra. Involucres about 2^ lines long, the bracts aboiit 8 to 1 0, linear, with fine points, biit deusely cottony to the end. Plorets usually fewer thau in M. teniiifolia, longer than the invo- lucre. Achenes slender, witli long beaks. Pappus shorter than the coroUa, the bristles very fine, ciliate-pluraose with fine long hairs. N. S. VTales. Desert ncar the Barrier Range, Beckler. • 69. IXIOL^NA, Eeuth. Tnvolucre campanulate or hemispherical, the bracts numerons, linear or narrow liuear-lanceohite, herbaceous or rigid, the inuer oues with sraall sca- rious or coloured tips, sometimes radiating. Rece])tacle flat or convex, with- out scales. Florets aU hermaphrodite, tubular, 5-toothed, or rarely a very few outer ones female and filiform. Anthers witli long fine tails. Style- branches slender, capitate or truncate at the end. Achenes angular or terete, not beaked. Pappus of fine eapillary bristles, entire or shortly barbeUate. — I.rioI/P)ia.] LXii. COMPOSIT.E. 597 Herbs, eitlier annual or witli a perennial base. Leavcs alternate, entire. Flower-heads on terminal peduneles. The genus is limited to Australia. It is uearly allied to IIeUchr>jsum, dilFering chiefly iii the involucre. luvolucres heraispherical, the bracts very narrow, the inuer ones with srnall scarious tips, uot coloured. Pappus scarcely barbdlatc, scarcely half as long: as the corolla . . 1.7. brevicompta. Pappus barbellate, nearly or rarely quite as loiig as the corolla. Leaves mostly lanceolate, acute. Pappus-bristles about 8 to 12 . 2. /. leptolepis. Leaves oblong-spathulate. Pappus-bristles 20 to 30 . . . . 3. /. supina. (See also Afhrixia feyiella, which has the female tlorets few aud scarcely larger thaa the others, but the involucral bracts very tine, with tiliform points.) luvolncres campanulate, the bracts linear or linear-lanceolate. Pappus as long as the coroUa. Involucral bracts woolly, the inner ones with small scarious tips, not coloured 4. /. fomentosa. Involucral bracts glandular-pubescent, the iuner ones with sniall white radiating lamiua; 5. /. viscosa. (See also Jlelichrysum poclolepideum, allied to /. tomeiitosa, but with small linear scarious lamiuaj to all the bracts.) 1. I. brevicompta, F. MuelL Frac/m. i. 53. A brancliing, erect or decumbeut ainiual, or perliaps perenuial, witli a Iiard almost vvoody base, more or less cottony-wliite. Leaves linear or lanceolate, the larger ones stem-claspinor at the base. Peduncles long, leatiess or with a ^e,yi very small linear leaiy bracts. Livohicre hemispherical, 4 to 5 lines diameter, tlie bracts numerous, linear, rather rigid, pnbescent, the inner ones with small narrow scarious tips. Florets very numerous, longer than the involncre, all herma- phrodite. Achenes glabrous, anguLar. Pappns of about 10 bristles, much shorter than the corolia, shortly united at the base, simple or scarcely barbel- late. Queenslaud. Peak Downs, F. Mueller ; Narran, Maranoa, and Bulouue rivers, Mitchell. N. S. 'Wales. Head of the Gwydir, Leichhardt. 2. I. leptolepis, Be)tth. A branching perennial with a hard vvoody base, vvith a loose cottony wool, which often disappears by the tirae of flower- ing. Leaves linear or lanceolate, very acute, usually rigid and scaiTely stem-clasping at the base, flat or with revolute margins. Peduncles longer tiian in /. tomentosa, with fewer sraaller leafy bracts. Involucre hemisphe- rical (or, when youug, broadly campanulate), with numerous linear rigid bracts, more or less glandular, the iiiner ones 3 to 2|- lines long, with narrow scarious tips, more prominent than in /. tomentosa. Florets very iniraerous, on a broad fiat receptacle, longer than the involucre. Achenes glabrous or very slightly pubescent. Pappus of about 8 to 12 bristles, barbellate from the base, very much shorter than in /. tomentosa, although sometiines nearly as long as the coroUa. — RdkUrysnm leptolepis, DC. Prod. vi. 194 ; /. tomen- tosa, var. glabrata, Sond. in Linnaja, xxv. 504. N. Australia. Sturfs Creek, J^. Mneller. N. S. Wales. Molle's Plains, A. Cunmngham ; Darling ancl. Murray rivers ta the Barrier Range, Victoriau and other Expeditions, « ■ • •• 598 LXTi. coMPOsiT.t;. [^lxiolcena. Victoria. Wimraera, Dallaclnj. S. Australia. Avoca, Cudnakn, ^lurray river, F. Mueller ; in the interior, 3PBouall Stuarts Expedition. 3. I. supina, F. Miiell. Trans. Vid. Inst. 1855, 37. A low decuinbent or divaricately-branched perennial, glabrous or scabrous-pubescent. Leaves niostly oblong-spathulate, rather thick, either all under ^ in. long or the larg-er ones f in., narrowed into a short petiole. Peduncles not very long, with a few small distant leafy braets. Involncre as in /. leptolepis, broad with narrow rigid scabrous-pubescent bracts. Florets as in that species, but perliaps 1 or 3 of the outer ones may be raore slender and feraale. Pappus of 20 to 30 very fine capillary bristles, shortly barbellate upwards. S. Australia. Memory Cove, R. Broicn ; Kangaroo Island, F. Mueller. Tasmania. Kent's group, Bass's Straits, R. Brown. 4. I. tomentosa, Sond. and Muell. in Linncea, xxv. 504. A brancliing perennial, erect or decumbent at the base, under 1 ft. high, covered with a loose cottony Avool which it rarely loses. Leaves mostly lanceolate, mucronulate, rather flaccid, with recurved margins, dilated and stem-chasping at the base, or a few of the lower ones narrowed into a petiole. Peduncles short, leafy. In- vohicre narrow-cauipanulate, usually about 4 lines loug, the bracts linear or narrovvly linear-hmceolate, woolly, the inner ones with sraall narrow scarious tips, not radiating. Plorets numerons, scarcely exceeding the involucre. Achenes anguhir, rather long, glabrous or slightly hirsute. Pappus of 10 to 20 capillary bristles, barbellate from the base, and as long as the coroUa. — Helichnjsnm Sonderi, F. Muell. in Seem. Journ. Bot. iv. 121. N. S. 'Wales. Darhna: river, Victorian E.rpeditio>i , Mrs. Ford. 5. Australia. Port Lineolu, R. Browii ; Murray Desert, F. Muelter ; Flinders Range, Hoioitfs Expedition ; Head of the Great Bight, Delisser. 5. I. viscosa, Henth. in Hueg. Ennm. 66. An erect, much-branched annual, of 1 to 2 ft., with a hard stem, more or less hoary-pubescent with a mixture of glandular hairs. Leaves linear or lanceolate, the lower ones con- tracted into a long petiole, those under the main branches often stera-clasp- ing or shortly decurrent. Flower-heads sobtary, terrainatiug nunierous peduncles or leatiess branches. Invohicre broadly ovoid, 3 to 4 lines loug, the bracts uarrow-hnear, hcrbaceous, glaiuUdar-pubescent, witli very narrow scarious margins and small white spreadiug himinte, a few of the outer ones shorter, without scarious margins or tips. Florets ven' numerous, all her- maphrodite. Achenes nearly terete, veiy sliortly hirsute. Pappus of 15 to 20 or more capilhary bristles, very shortly and finely barbellate. — DC. Prod. vi. 162 ; Steetz in Pl. Preiss. i. 458 ; Helichrysum asteroides, DC. Prod. vi. 194. ■W. Australia. King George's Sound, and adjoining districts, R. Brown, A. Cunning- ham, Huegel, Drummond, n. 174, Preiss, n. 120 ; eastward to Cape Arid, Maxuell. 70. ATHRIXIA, Ker. (Asteridia, Lindl. ; Chrysodiscus, Steetz ; Trichostegia, Turcz.) Involucre broadly campanuhite or hemispherical, the bracts numerous, very narrow-linear with subuhtte tips, or ahnost filiforra. Beceptacle flat, with- Jl^rlxia.] Lxii. composit.t;. 599 out scales. Florets of the circuniferetiee in a sin2;lft row (sometimes very few), fenKilc ligulate, irreg-ular, or, if tubulnr, usually longer than the others ; (lisk-florets nunierous, hermaphrodite, tubuhir, 5-toothed. Anthers with tine tails. Style-branches cylindrical truncate or very obtuse. Pappus of capil- hiry bristles, either niiiuitely barbel];ite or more frequently plumose in the upper part. — Herbs, either annnal or perenuial. Leaves alternate, entire. Flower-heads on terminal peduncles, tlie ray-florets usually white. Besides tlie Australiau species, which are eudemic, there are six froin S. Africa, the cora- nioncst of which, A. capensis, is iiearly allied to the Australian J. nustralis. The geuus is readily kuowu by its involucre, diftcrent from that of all other H^flichrysea, although ap- proaching that of Lriolcena. Froni.the latter geaus it differs chiefiy ia the female florets either ligulate or eularged, as in Podolepis. riorets of the ciixiumference ligulate. Pappus-bristles barbeilate only or denticulate 1. .4. austrahs. Pappus-bristles elegautly plumose in the upper half. Involucre \ iu. dianieter, glaudular-hirsute 2. A. gracilis. Involucre J in. diameter or more, very woolly 3. A. multiceps. Florets of the circumference few, tnbular, irregular or filiform. Pappus- bristles plumose in the upper half. Stems leafy, cottony-white 4. ^. stricta. Stems vcry sbort, pubescent with long slender leafless peduncles . . 5. ^. tenella. 1. A. australis, Steetz in Pl. Preiss. i. 482. An erect corymbosely branched annual, attaiuiug 1 ft. or rather more, sprinkled with white septate hairs. Leaves linear or linear-Ianceolate, stem-clasping at the base, mostly above 1 in. long. Flower-heads rather large, few, in a loose terminal corymb. Involucre about 4 lines long, glandular-pubescent or hirsnte, the bracts very numerous but in few rows, ending in hair-Iike glabrous points, few of the innermost broader and ciliate at the end. Eay-florets 12 to 20, with white spreading 3-toothed ligulae of 4 to 5 lines. Achenes short, glabrous or slightly glandular-papillose. Pappus of about 10 to 12 bristles, as long as the corolla, barbellate but scarcely pluraose. — Asteridia pulverulenta, Lindl. Swan Riv. App. 24. V^. Australia. Princess Royal Harbour, i?. 5w?6-w ; Swan Ktver, Druwmond, Ist CotL, Fraser, Preiss, n. 65 ; Geographe Bay and Blackwood river, Oldfield ; iuland from Cape Le Grand, Maxicell. — The specics is uearly allied to the S. Africau A. capensis. 2. A. gracilis, Benth. A slender annual, sUghtly woolly-pubescent or nearly glabrous. Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate. Flower-heads much smaller than in the other radiate species. Involucre broadly ovoid rather than hemispherical, glandular-hispid, about 3 lines long, the bracts linear, the outer ones liner and shorter, the innermost with tufts of fine hairs at the end. Ray-florets not numerous, with ligulaj of about 3 lines. Pappus of about 3 to 6 bristlcs, elegantly plumose in the upper half. — Asteridia gracilis, A. Grray in Hooii. Kevv Journ. iv. 274. W. Australia, Brummond. 3. A. multiceps Benih. Stems numerous, 3 to 6 in. high, ratlier stout for their size, with scaly hairs mixed with a vvliite cottony wool. Eadical leaves oblong-spathidate, the others linear-oblong or lanceolate, obtuse, mostly above 1 in. long. Flower-heads rather large, fevv but corymbose. Involucre 600 Lxii. COMPOSIT^. \_Jthrltia. hemispliencal, \ to f in. diameter, tlic bracts all subulate and woolly-ciliate. Eay-tiorots numerous, with ligula; of 3 to 6 lines. Achcnes longer than iii A. australis. Pappus of 8 to 10 bristles, elegantly plumose in the upper part. — Asteridia niulticeps, A. Gray in Hook. Kew Journ. iv. 274 ; Tricho- stegia asteroides, Turcz. in Bull. Mosc. 1851, ii. 81. ^V. Australia, Brunmond, ^th Cnll. Siippl. n. 66. Var. tcnilla. j\lore slcuder aud less branched. Ray-florets narrow aud more deeply J- toothed. — Gaksbrook and bauks of Salt river, Maxivell. 4. A. stricta, Bmth. In the origiuiilformapparentlyannual orbiennial with rigid, erect, simple or sparingly branclied-stems of f to l^ft., very white Avith a close cottony wool. Eadical leaves petiolate and oblong; stem leaves few, small, narrovv-linear, becoming glabrous on the upper side. Flower- lieads terrainal. Involucre hemispherical, ^ to f in. diameter, thebracts very nuraerous, narrow-linear, woolly ciliate, the outer ones glandular, the inner ones with small coloured tips. Florets of the circuraference female, not nu- merous, scarcely longer than those of the disk, with an oblique limb, but without any distinct ligula. Disk-florets very numerous. Pappus of 3 to 6 white bristles, elegantly plnmose towards theend. — Asteridia stricta, K. Gray in Hook. Kew .lourn. iv. 275 ; Chrijsodiscus niveus, Steetz in Pl. Preiss. i. 460. "W. Australia. Kiug George's Sound aud adjoining districts, Drimnwnd. n. 32, 90, Prnss, n. 09, Roe, Oldfield, aud castward to Lucky Bay, Maxwcll. Var. suffruticosa. A decuinbeut or divaricately brauched undershrub, with the white cottony branchcs of the origiual forni, as well as the other characters, except that the iuvo- lucres are sinalier aud less wooliy. — Lucky Bay, R. Brotcn j Esperauce Bay and far to the eastward, Maxwell. 5. A. tenella, Benth. A sraall branching aunual, scarcely 2 in. with- out tlie peduncles, raore or less woolly or at length nearly glabrous. Leaves linear or hiuceolate. Peduncles filiform, rigid, glabrous and leafless, oflen 3 to 4 in. long. luvolucres hemispherical, 3 to 4 lines diameter, the bracts linear, alinost tiliform, plumose-ciliate, the imier ones ciliate towards the end only, with sniall glabrous colouretl tips. Florets very nuinerous, longer than tlie involucre, a few of the outer ones female, but not ligulatc nor longer thau the others. Achenes narrow, contracted under the pappus. Pappus of 3 or 4 bristles, shorter than the coroUa aiul pluraose towards thc end. — Pancetia uihrixioides, Soud. and Muell. in Linncca, xxv. 506. Victoria. Wiinmera, Dallachy. S. Australia. ]\Inrray river uear Moorundec, Crystal Brook, aiid Lake Lalbert, F. Muellcr ; l'ort Lincolu, Wilhelmi ; Vcnus aud Strcaky bays, iJtfii^r/^e. W. Australia, Roe ; Murchison river, Oldjield. 71. PODOTHECA, Cass. (Podospermum, Labill. ; Phrenopoda, Cass. ; Lophocliuium, Endl.) Involucre cylindrical conical or campanulate, the bracts imbricate, herba- ceous, often very thin but uot scarious, except the innerraost liuear ones. Beceptacle without scales, but retaining the persistent stalks of the achenes. Florets all hcrmaphrodite, tubular, 5-toothed. Antlicrs with vcry fiue tails, Podotheca.'] LXll. COMPOSIT.E. 601 sometimes scarcely perceptible. Style-branclies tiliform, truncate or capitate at tlie end. Acheues aug-ular or terete, very shortly stipitate. Pappus of rigid sometimes almost scale-lilosiT.E. \Li'ptorhynchm. wards the end. — Annual or perennial lierbs or undershruljs, more or less cottony or glandular-pubesccnt. Leaves alternate, entire. Flower-heads pedunculate, the outer scarious involucral bracts often descending along thc peduncle. Florels ahnost always longer thaii the involucre. Thc jrenus is limited to Australia. It is scarcely distinct from HeJichnjsnm, diflering in the iuvolncral bracts with more thinly scarions ti|)s, neither spreading nor petal-like nor opaque, and in the coatractioa of the achene at thc top, which can ia some species be ouly seeu at maturity, and then not always very decided. From Waitzia, Leptorhyvchus diffcrs in tbe involucre and usualiy in the shorter beak to the achene. The tJorets, as in Ixiolana and Podolepis, are usually louger in proportiou to the iuvolucre than in Helichrysum or Helipteru7n. Achenes contracted at the top, but not distiuctly beakcd. Pereunials or undershrubs. Pappus-bristlcs equally and minutely deuticulate. Outer iuvolucral bracts very thinly scarious, passing iuto the searious scales of the peduucle 1. L. squamatits. Outer involucral bracts with thinly scarious wooLiy-ciliate margins and dark centres 2. Z. panstioides. Pappus-bristles more barbeUate or alniost phimose towards the end. Outer invohicral bracts with dark tips aud woolly scarious mar- gius, passiug into unmerous scales on tiic peduncle .... 3. i. tenuifolius. Invohicral bracts wholly scarious, with woolly-ciliate margins, abruptly distinct from the few leafy bracts on the pcduncle . . 4. Z. aml)iguus. Achenes more distinctly though somctimcs shortly beaked. Annual, except L. linearis. Involucral bracts narrow, acute. Involucral bracts small, very numerovis, all ciliate with loug hairs. Flower-heads 2 to 3 lines long 5. L. puJchellus. Outer involucral bracts very thin aud trausparent, inner oues with rigid glandular centres. Flower-heads 5 to 6 lines loug . 6. L. elongatns. Involucral bracts broad, obtuse. Auuual. Involucral bracls ciliate 7. Z. Tfaitzia. Rhizome crceping. luvohicral bracts not ciliate, the scarious tips broad and ahuost spreading 8. Z. linearis. 1. L. squamatus, Less. Syn. Cotnp.21S. A perennial w4th decuinbent or ascending steins froiu 6 in. to 1 foot long, with a little deciduous cottony w^ool on the young parts and the under side of the leaves. Leaves lanceolate or linear, mucronate-acute, narrowed at the base, flat or with recurved mar- gins, ghnbrous above, the longest above 1 in. long, the lowest much shorter. Peduueles long with distant scarious scales passing into the invokicral bracts. Involucre broadly turbinate or almost hemispherical, not | in. diameter, the bracts iinbricate in numerous rows, oblong-hmccohite, scarious with wooUy- ciliate margius and sniall colo\u-ed but not spreading glabrous tips, the inner- most narrow and 3 lines long, the others gradually shorter. Florets longer than the invohicre, a very few of the outer ones more slender, female 3- or 4-toothcd. Achenes very shortly contracied at the top. Pappus-biistles cohering in a ring at the base, shortly l^arbeHate, those of the female florets few.— DC. Prod. vi. 160; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 208; F. Muell. Fragm. i. 52; Ckn/socoma squamata, Labill. Pl. Nov. HolL ii. 40. t. 184; Helichrysum dublum, Cass. (DC.) ; Leptorhynchus hemlsphccricus, DC. Prod. vi. KiO; L. graciUs and L. Lhotzkyanus, Walp. in Linnsea, xiv. 317, and probably also L. nitidulus, DC. Prod. vi. 160. Leptorhynchus.'] LXll. coMPOSlTiE. 609 N. S. Wales. Port Jackson to tlie Blue Mountains, R. Brown and others ; Bathurst plaius, Frasrr ; Nevv Eiiglaud, C. Stiiarf. Victoria. Froiu tlie Gleuelg to Gipps' Land, very common, Rohertson, F. Mueller, andothers; Wimniera, l)allachij. Tasmania. Abundant throughout the colony, ,/. D. Hooker. S. Australia. Port Adelaide, Blandowski ; Kensington, F. Mueller. 2. L. pansetioides, Benth. Erect, woolly-tomentose, attaiiiing ] ft. or even more, with a harcl base and sometimes evidently suffruticose. Leaves linear, acute but soft and cottony. Peduncles long, slender, leafless, except a few minute linear bracts. Involucre heniispherical, 3 to 4 iines diameter, the bracts imbricate in many rovvs, narrow with scarious wooUy-ciliate mar- gins and very small not spreading ghibroiis tips. Florets longer than the involucre, a fcw of the outer ones feinale and 3-lobed with exserted styles. Achenes shortly contracted at the top. Pappus-bristles slightly barbeliate. Helichrysum pancetioides , DC. Prod. vi. 194. N. S. 'Wales. Lachlan river and foot of Jlount Aiton, Fraser, A. Cunningham ; Murray river, F. Mneller ; also in Leichhardfs collcction. This has something of the habit but uot the involucre of Ixiolmna leptolepis. It is evideutly nearly allied to Leptorrhi/nchus squamatus, but niore erect and cottony, the pe- duncles without scarious scales, and the involucres more hemispherical. 3. L. tenuifolius, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 52. Stock perennial, tufted and more or less wooUy, the stems siender, erect, branching, with a little cottony wool about tlie axds and under side of the leaves. Leaves naiTow- linear or subulate, acute, with revolute margins. Peduncles long and iili- form. Flower-heads smaller than in L. squamatus. Involucre turbinate or at length hemispherical, about 3 lines diameter, the bracts in numerous rows, linear, woolly-ciliate, with. very narrow coloured tips. Florets all longer than the involucre, a few of the outer ones female, slender, and usuaUy 4-toothed. Achenes very slightly contracted at the top. Pappus of 5 or 6 capillary bristles, almost plumose towards the end. Victoria. Open wet forest land, Glenelg river, Robertson ; common about Melbourne, Adamson ; Dandenoug ranges, Mount M'Ivor, etc., F. Mueller. Some specimens veiy closely resemble some of those of L. ambigmts, but they can always be known by the outer scale-like involucral bracts much narrower and descending along the peduncle as in L. scjuamatus. 4. L. ? ambiguus, Benth. A perennial with erect stems attaining 1 ft. or more, glandular-pubescent, glabrous or with a little cottony wool. Leaves iinear or linear-lanceolate, acute, with revolute margins, stem-clasping at the base, the upper ones small and distaut. Peduncles with only very small distant leafy bracts. Involucres almost hemispherical, 4 to 5 lines diameter, the scarious bracts numerous, closely imbricate, rather broad, woolly-ciliate, without glabrous tips, the inner ones shortly stipitate. Florets scarcely exceeding the iiivolucre, a few of the outer ones female. Achenes shortly contracted at the top. Pappus of 13 to 20 capillary bristles, barbellate or almost plumose towards the end, few or scarcely any to the achenes of the female Horets. — Helichrysum ambiguum, TiUTZ. in Bull. Mosc. 1851, i. 195. W. Australia, Brummond, n. 41, Zrd Coll. n. 121, Uh Coll. n. 220. Var. semicalvus. More woody at the basc, the stems niorc branched and woolIy,tIie VOL. III. 2 R 610 LXll. C0MP0siT.f:. \_Leptorhjnchu9. lower leaves narrow-oblong, obtuse or mucronate. — Helichrt/sum semicalvum, F. Muell. Fragin. ii. 156. N. S. "Wales. Darling river, Panton ; Barrier range, Victorian Expediiioti. S. Australia. Flindcrs range, F. Mneller ; jM'Donnel rangcs, WBouall Stuart. 'J'lie iMvoUicre and florets are very nearly tliose of Z. pulchellus, but the achenes are not beaked and tlie characters are nearly those of Ilelichrysum, sect. Chrysocejihalum ; the achenes however (of which I have seen but fevv ripe) appear to be distiuctly contracted at ths top. .5. L. pulchellus, F. Muell. Fragm. i. .53. An erect coiymbosely- branclied annual, rarely above 6 in. high, tlie lower part of tlie stem some- times hard so as to appear Avoody. Leaves liuear, acute. Flower-lieads small and rather nuraerous ou filiform pedunck^s. Invohicre broadly turbi- Tiate or ahuost hemispherical, about o lines diameter, tlie l^racts imbricate in many rows, with scarious ciliate maro-ius aud very small coloured tips, the inner ones stipitate. Florets louger thau the iuvolucre, the outer female ones few and slender. Acheues coutracted into a short but distinct beak. Pap- pus-bristles barbellate frora the base, 2 or 3 to the achenes of the female florets, 4 or 5 to theothers. — Sond. in Linnaea, xxv. 500; Doratolepis ? tetru- cheeta, Schlecht, in Linnaea, xx. 593. N. S. Wales. Near Bathurst, Ilerl). F. Mneller. Vietoria. Avoca river, /•'. ^///^//«'^ ,- \i\mmtn, Dallachij. 5. Australia. Dry places from the Murray river to St. Vineent's and Spencer's gulfs, F. Mueller and others. 6. L. elongatus, BC. Prod. vi. 160. Apparently annual, but ofteu with a hard tufled base, the stems ascending- or erect, oftcu exceediu<>; 1 ft., simple or sparingly liranched, glabrous or sprinkled with short almost scale- like hairs. Leaves Huear or lanccohate or the lowcr oiies Hnear-spathidate. Flower-heads rather Large, ihe peduncles bearing a few transpareut soales passing iuto the outer invohicral bracts. Livolucre campanulate, 4 to 5 lines long, the outer bracts narrovv-lauceohite, very scarious aud trauspareut, pass- ing into the inner ones wath bncar glaudular claws aud small lauceolate searious tips. Florets louger than the invohicre, all hermaphrodite. Achenes contracted into a beak scarcely perceptible at first, but rather long -wheu the achene is ripe. Pappus of numerous fine capillary bristles. — Hook. f. FL Tasm. i. 208 ; Soud. in Linnsea, xxv. 502. N. S. TVales. Blue Mouutains, near Bathurst, A. Cunningham ; Argyle county, Backhouse. Victoria. Near Melbourne, F. Mueller ; Glenelg river, Robertson ; near Skiptou, Whnn ; "Wimmera, Hallachy. Tasmania. Not uncommon in various parts of the colony, /. Z>. Hooker. S. Australia. Sturt river, Bugle and Barossa ranges, Tonunda, F. Mueller. Var. peduncularis. Stems more brauched and leafy at the base, the upper branches reduced to loug pedunclcs, ieafless except the scale-like bracts. — L. medius, A. Cunn. in DC. Prod. vi. 160 ; Rhi/lidanthe scabra, Benth. in Hueg. Enum. 63 ; Leptorhynchus rhytidanthe, DC. Prod. vi. 679. ^V. Australia. King George's Sound and adjoining districts, R. Brown, A. Cvn- ningham, andothers; Drummond, Srd Coll. n. 36, 4/// Coll. n. 180 ; eastward to the Great Bight, Maxwell ; Murchison river, Oldfield. 7- L. Waitzia, Sund. in LinncBa, xxv. 50 L A loosely woolly-pubesceut annual, tlie stems us\ially erect and under 6 in., rarely attaining nearly 1 ft. Lppforl/pic/iiis.'] LXii. coMPOsiT.^. 611 Leaves linear or linear-oblong, obtuse or mucronate, rarely above 1 in. long, soabrous-pubescent, the upperniost on the peduncles often passing into scnrious scales. Flower-heads caaipanulate or almost glohular, about ^ in. diameter, the bracts scarious but not transparent, loosely imbricate, oblong, obtuse, shortly ciliate, the innerraost row rigid, with a very small himina. Fiorets longer than the involucre, all herraaphrodite. Achenes contracted into a rather long beak. Pappus of 12 or more capillary bristles barbellate froni the base. N. S. 'Wales. Darling river, Victorian E.rpedition. Victoria. Avoca aud Slurray rivers, F. Mueller ; Wimuiera, DaUachy. S. Australia. Dry hills, Salt Creek, Behr ; Gavvler towu, F. Mueller. 8. L. linearis, Less. Syn. Comp. 273. Riiizorae slender and creepirig, emitting tufts of erect or ascending stems, simple or sparingly branched, often 1 ft. high, thinly cottony or glabrous. Leaves linear, the radical ones broad and ] to 2 in. long, tlie upper ones gradually narrower, smaller, and more distant, usually glabrous on both sides. Flower-heads few or solitary. In- voUicre broadly hemispherical, ^ to f in. diameter, the bracts oblong-ovate or almost orbicular, not ciliate, with broadly ovate thinly scarious laminse looser than in any otlier species. Florets (as far as 1 have seen) all herma- phrodite, longer than the involucre. Achenes contracted into a short but distinct beak. Pappus of numerous fine bristles shortly barbellate. — DC. Prod. vi. 160. N. S. Wales. Moist pastures between Sytluey and Paramatta, R. Broion. Victoria. Opeu woods aud saudy hills, Latrobe and Snowy rivers, and heathy ridges near Moinbaya river, F. Miieller. Tasiuania. Derwent river, R. Broion. 74. SCHCENIA, Cass. Involucre turbinate or campanulate, the outer bracts adpressed, scarious, imbricate, the inner row with petal-Iike spreading laminae. Eeceptacle without scales. Florets all tubular, 5-toothed, those of the circumference hermaphrodite, fertile. Anthers with fine tails. Style-branches terminal- ing in a short cone. Disk-florets sterile, with an undivided style. Achenes of the circumference very flat, not beaked, those of the disk abortive. Pap- pus of numerous barbellate bristles. — Annual. Leaves alternate or the lower ones opposite, entire. Flower-heads in a loose corymb. The genus is liraited to a single species eHdemic in Australia. It difFers from the section Lawrencella of Helichrymm, chiefly iu the flat acheues of the circumference. 1. S. Cassiniana, Stedz in Pl. Preiss. i. 481. An erect corymbosely- branched annual of 1 to 2 ft., scabrous-pubescent or vvith more*Dr less of cottony wool. Leaves lanceolate or linear, or the low^er ones oblong-spathu- late, the longest above 2 in., the upper ones few and small. Flower-heads in a loose terminal coryrab. Involucre varying from 3 to 5 lines long without the ray, the outer scarious bracts usually brown, the radiating lamince of the inner bracts white or pink, oblong, 4 to 6 lines long. Peifeot achenes in a single row at the circumference, Hat, with the edges ciliate with long hairs. Sterile florets numerous. — Helichrvsum Cassinianum, Gaud. in Freyc.Voy. Bot. 2"ii 2 ' 612 LXii. coMPOsiTyi;. [Schcenla. 466. t. 87; Helipternm CnssiniaiiHm, DC. Procl. vi. 216; Schmiia oppositi- folia, Stectz in Pl. Preiss. i. 480 ; Bot. Mag. t. 4.560 ; Fteropogon Cassinianus aiid P. oppositifolius, F. Muell. in Linusea, xxv. 415. S. Australia. Finke river, M'Douall Siuarts Erpedition ; in the scrub N.E. of I;akt' Gnirtliier, Hnh. F. Mneller. "W. Australia. Sharks' Bay {Gaudichaud), Champion Bay, Murchison river, Oldfield; also Drunimond, n. 70, Roe. 75. HELICHRYSUM. (Petalolepis and Faustula, Cass. ; Ozothamnus, R. Br. ; Swamraerdamia, DC; Lawrencella, Lindl.; Argyrophanes, iS'(7/i/se/i!!. ; Chrysocephahim, Walp. ; Conanthodium, /^. rd Coll. n. 170, Mh Coll. n. 114, also «. 197, and Preiss, n. 1). 13. H. elatum, A. Cunn. iu DC. Prod. vi. 193. A stout erect herb or underslirub, sometimes under 1 ft. high and almost simple, in rich shaded situations branching, attainiiig 7 or 8 ft. and ahnost woody at the base, clothed with a loose or close cottony wool. Leaves lanceoLite or ovate-lan- ceolate, contracted into a petiole, stem-clasping at its base, the larger ones attaining 2 to 3 or rareiy 4 iu., the upper surfacebecomingat length glabrous. llower-heads large, solitary or loosely paniculate. Involucre hemispherical, spreading to from 1 to 1|- in. diameter, the bracts narrow, acute, petal-like, white or tinged with pink, the outer ones short and sessile, the intermediate long ones on a narrow claw, the innermost shorter and very narrow. Florets exceedingly numerous, much less than half as long as the involucre, a fcAv of the outer ones slender and female. Achenes glabrous or papillose. Pappus- bristles slender, scarcely denticulate, not thickened upwards, shortly cohering at the base. — H. lanuginosum, A. Cunn. in DC. Prod. vi. 193 ; H. albicans, Sieb. Pl. Exs. Queensland. Kep])el Bay and Northumberland ishinds, R. Brown ; Dawson aud IMaclfeuzie ranges, F. Mueller ; Rodd's Bay, A. Cuymingham ; Port Denisou, Fitzalani^^ leaves quite glabrous) ; Rockhamptou, Ballachy. N. S. ^Vales. Port Jacksou to the Blue Mountains, R. Brown, Sieber, n. 346, and Fl. Mi.rt. n. 516, aiid others ; uorthward to Hastings, Jlaclcay, aud Clarence rivers, Beckler ; New England, C. Stuart ; southward to Illawarra, A. Cumiingham ; Twofold Bay, F. Mueller ; Gabo Islaud, Maplestone. Victoria. Damp valleys, betweeu Wombaza aud Geuoa rivcr, F. Mueller. Var. Fraseri. More shrubby. Leaves crowded, the wool long and very deciduous. or none, and sometimes the brauches slightly ghitinous. — Rocksof Moimt Lindsay, at an el^va- tion of 5000 ft., Fraser, IF. Hill ; Port Curtis, M'Gilhvrai/. 14. H. glutinosum, Hook. (as a Helipterum). A tall erect branching herb or undershrub, the lower part of the stem and foliage sometimes woolly- white, the upper portion gliitinous and scabrous or pubescent without wool. Lower leaves naiTow-Ianceolate, sometiraes densely wooUy underneath, gluti- nous above, ihe upper ones crowded, narrow-Iinear with revolute margins, glutinous on both sides, wiihout wool, not dilated at the base, and passing into a few distant subulate bracts on the peduncle. Flower-heads of H. elatnnt or rather smaller. Florets, achenes, and simple pappus-bristles of that species. — Helipterum glutiiiosum, Hook. in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 301, 622 i,xii. coMPosiT.*:. [Hclichri/siim. Queensland. Oii the Mavanoa, Mitchell ; ridcres of the Suttor, F. Mueller. W. S. Wales. Soiirces ol' the Bojd river, Leichhardt. Coiisideied liy F. MLicUer, aiid [lerhaps correctly so, as a variety of .ff^ elatum. 15. H. adenophorum, F. Mndl. in Trans. Vict. Inst. 1855, 38. A pcreniiial or undershrub, Avith erect branching steius of 1 to 3 ft., glandular- scabrous Avitliout cottony wool. Leaves liuear or linear-lanceolate, with revolute margins, slightly dihited aiid stem-clasping at the base or very shortly decurrent. Flower-heads Large, solitary at the ends of the branchlets. Involucre broadly liemispherical, s])rea(iing to from 1 to l^ in. diameter, closely surrounded by 2 or 3 small litiear glandular-scabrous leaves, the bracts white or tinged with pink, thin and petal-like, the outer short se^ile ones soraetimes very pale brown, the intermediate lanceolate-oblong, on di- lated claws, a very few of the innermost smalier. Fiorets very numerous, rather less than half as long as the involucres. Achenes glabrous. Pappus- bristles slender, finely but very shortly barbellate, uot perceptibly thickened U])wards in the speciraens seen. S. Australia. Barren elevations, KaULjaroo Island, F. Mueller ; serub ncar M'allan's Hut, Waterhouse. In geueral aspect and foliage it closely resembles some specimens of Waitzia nivea, but is readily distinguished by the broader clavvs of the inner involucral bracts, and the achenes not beaked. 16. H. leucopsidium^ DC. Prod. vi. 193. A perennial, with decum- bent ascending or almost erect stems, nearly simple or loosely-branched, bearing a little cottony wool. Leaves from linear to oblong-spathulate, obtuse, with recurved margins, raostly f to 1|- in. long, usually very scabrons above and cottony-white underneath. Flower-heads large, soiitary at the ends of the branches. Involucre broadly hemispherical, spreading to from 1 to 1|- in. diameter, closely surrounded by 2 or 3 sraall linear woolly floral leaves, tlie bracts white or tinged witli pink, thin, petal-Iike, and usually striate, the outer short sessile ones often pale brown, tlie interraediate lanceolate on broad claws, the innerraost narrower and shorter. Florets very nuraerous, ratlier less than half as long as the involucres. Achenes glabrons. Pappus-bristles slender, numerous, verv slightlv barbellate, not thickencd upwards. — Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 213. t. 59. N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown. Victoria. From the Glenelg to Wilsou's Promontory, F. il/«. fi25 W. Australia. Anihem's Laiul, F. Mueller. Queensland. BustarJ Bay, Banks and Solander ; Keppel islands, W- Gillivray ; 011 thc JMarauoa, Miichell. ('ihese specimens appear moi'e shrtibby and wooUy, with bioadcr leaves aud larger tlower-heads, than the othcrs, but the sraaller forms are also in laany Quecusbiud collections.) M. S. 'Wales. Port Jackson, 7?. Brown, Sieber, n. 336, and others, and from various parts of the colouy in nnmerous collcctions. Victoria. Throughout the colony, F. Mueller and others. Tasmania. Port Dalrymple, R. Brown ; abuudaut throughout the island, /. jD. Soo/i-er. S. Australia. Meniory Cove, R. .Broim -. from the Murray to St. Yiiiceufs and Speucer's gnlfs, F. Mueller aud others. Var. winor. Leaves narrow but woolly, flower-heads smaller but not numerous, connect- iug this vvith H. sernipapfmsnm. — //. ramosissimum, Hook. in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 83. — Chiefly in dry barren situations in all the easteru colonies. ^ ar. occidentale. Leaves narrow. Flower-heads medium-sized, the bracts appressed or squarrose, as frequently white piiik or straw-coloured as yellow. — Chrysocephalum squarru- losum, Steetz in Pl. Preiss. i. 472; C.flavissimum, Steetz, L c. 473 ; C. canescens, Tiu-cx. in Bull. Mosc. 1851, i. 196; C. glabratum, Turcz. l.c. 197. W. Australia. King Geory;e's Sound and adjoiniug ^v&Xxxdii^Drummond, n. 20, 115, 121, 342, 343, Freiss, n. 23, ^'b^ Oldfield, Maxwell. 23. H. semipapposum, DC. Prod. vi. 195. Very closely allied to H. apicnlatnm, and probably a variety, often scarcely to be distino-uished from sonie forms of that species. Steins usually more erect and stiff, though not so stout. Leaves narrow, often entirely deprived of wool, but sometimes quite coltony-white. Flower-heads small, more numerous and corymbose than they usually are in H apicidatum, and the bracts more frequently squar- rose, but none of these differences constant. — Hook. f. Fl. 'lasm. i. 211 ; Gnaphalinm semipapposum, Labill. Pl. Nov. Holl. ii. 4<2. t. 187 ; Helichry- snm. ciliatnm, H. squorrulosum, and H. hreviciUim, DC. Prod. vi. 195, 196 ; Chrysocephalnm, asperum. aud C. semipappo.mm, Steetz in Pl. Preiss. i. 473, 474 ; C. sqnarmlosnm,, Sond. in Linnsea, xxv. 515. Appears to be as common as H. apindafum, or iiearly so, in U. S. l^ales, Victoria, Tasmania, aud S. Australia, but the respective distiibution is uncertaiu, for, having sevcral huudred sijccimeus before me frorn very numerous localities of this aud the preceding species, I have in vain endeavoured to distribute them satisfactoriiy iuto two or any greater number of distinct groups. Var. brevifolium, Sond. in Linnaea, xxv. 515. Nearly glabrons aud sometimes glutinous. Leaves numerous, small, aud often clustered. Flower-heads sraall, uot uumerous, the bracts fiequently squarrose. — H. microlepis, DC. Prod. vi. 195. Scrub of the interior of N. S. Wales, and on the Murray river in Victoria and S. Australia — I was for some time disposed to retain this as a distiuct spccies, from its very different aspect, but the examiuatious of some specimeus k'ad me to siispcct that it is rather a state of H. semipapposum, iuduced by circumstauces of growth, thau evcn a variety as aJopted by Sonder. Section V. OzoTiiAMNUS. — Shrubs or rarely undershrubs or herbs. Involucre small, oblong;, ovoid or turbinate-carapanuhnte (rarely larger and ovoid-conical), the bracts inibricate, not exceeding the fiorets, or tlie inner ones with small coloured radiating tips not much longer than the florets. Female florets few or none. Achenes glabrous or sliortly villous. Pappus- bristles simple, often thickened or more denticulate towards the end. Ozothamnus w^as origiually proposed as a genus by B. Brown, without any detailed enu- VOL. 111. 2 s 626 LXii. COMPOSIT.H. \_TIelic//n/mm. meration of spec-ies, but from the character he f>;ave as weli as froin his MS. iiotes, it is evident he assijjned ditierent liniits to it froni those whinh have bcen subsequently adopted, for, relyinir chielly on the shapeof the invohicre aud small uuniber of tlorets (under 20), he includcd II. ramosim and excluded //. i-etirulafum. Lessing, working chiefly upon S. African Helwhri/sa, found it necessary to reunite Ozofliamnus with that gcnus as a section. De Candolle aiid others have subsequently adopted Brown's gentis, for those shrubby species only which have the habit of Cassinia, but as 1 have beeu unable to assign any tangible character to the group so liinited, I have feit obliged to return to Lessing's views, extendiug however the liinits of the seetion so as to include the herbaceous species contemplatcd by Brovvn, as well as a few others which have neither the hemispherical radiating involucre of XerochlcBna, uor the peculiar characters of Ckrysocephalum. 2^. H. Dockerii, F. M/iell. (as Acanthocladi/im). A rigid divaricately brunclied undcrshnib, very vvhite with a close dense cottony wool, the smaller branchlets often spinescent. Leaves oblong-hinceolate or ahnost ovate, acute or obtuse, narrowed at the base but scarcely petiolate, rather thick and flat, rarely above \ in. lonpj. Flower-lieads nearly sessile, solitary or periiaps clustered. Involucre rather broadly ovoid, 3 to 4 lines lon":, the bracts straw-coloured or pale brown, opaquely scarious, the outer ones ovate and woolly-ciliate, the inner narrow, with i>;hibrous tips not spreading. Florets above 20, as lotig as the involucre. Achenes o-labrous or papillose. Fap- pus-hristlcs nunierous, fine, niore or less barbeUate at the end. — Acantliocla- dium. Dockerii, F. Muell. Fragm. ii. 156. N. S. Wales. Sand hills, Darling river, Beckler. F. Alucller, in the flowers he examined, fouiid no tails to the anthers ; in those I dissected the tails were rather long but exceedingly liue and ditficult to find. 2.5. H. argyroglottis, Be//th. A divaricately-branched shrul), scarcely woolly except thi- uiider surface of the leaves. Leaves very shortly petiolate, oblong or linear, obtuse, ^ to 1 in. loug, mostly scabrons above and white uiiderueath. Flower-heads solitary and nearly sessile. luvolucre rather iiarrow, turbinate-cainpamdate, 6 to 7 Hnes long without the rays, the oiiter bracts broadly hinceohite, acute, rigid, witli uarrow scarious edges, closely appressed, gradually lengthening, the iuuermost loug aud uarrow, with white radiatiug lips or lamime 2 to nearly 3 lines loug. Receptacle couical. Florets all herinaphrodite, scarcely exceediuii ihe appressed involucral bracts. Achenes glabrous. Pap|)us of several fine slightly deuticulate bristles. — Ar^jyro/jlottis t/irbinata, Turcz. in Bull. Mosc. 1851, ii. 84. t. 1; Co)/a//thodi/im Dr/i///- mo//di.i. A. Gray in Hook. Kew Journ. iv. 273. "W. Australia, Drummond, oth Coll. Suppl. n. 63. Allhough overlooiied by Turcza- ninow, 1 louiid proiniuent tails to the anthers in this species as in H. Dockerii. 26. H. ramosum, DG. Prod. vi. 181. Herbaceous aud said to be an- nual, but some specimens have a thick woody rhizome, the slems erect, brauching, sleuder btit attaiuing 2 or 8 ft., qiute glabrous or with a little decidiuKis cottouy wool. Leaves not numerous, linear-lanccolateor elliptical- ohlong, flat, narrowed into a short petiolc, the longest often 2 in. loiig, but mostly smaller aud sometimes more nmuerous and all uuder \ in., glabrous or white underneath. Flower-heads small, in little dense corymbs formiug a large loose aluiost leafless pauicle. luvolucre ovoid, at length broadly cam- panulate, about 2 Hnes long, slightly woolly, the bracts nuinerous, the iuner ones with small white or pink spreading tips. Florets from about 20 to Helichri/sum.] LXii. composit.t;. 627 nearly 30, very few of tliem feinale. Aclienes frlabrous. Pappus-bristles uot uumcrous, tliickened and denticulate towards the eud. — Steetz in Pl. Preiss. i. 470 ; //. f/raciie, DC. Prod. vi. J81. ■W. Australia. Kiug George's SounJ and adjoining districts, R.Brown, A. Cunning- liam, aiid olhers, Preiss, n. 2t) ; Swan River aud Fliuders Range, Drnmniond, n. 112, Old- fmld, aud others, and (with pink involucres and smaller leaves) Drtimniond, Mh Coll. n. 221, Clarke, and others. 27. H. cordatum, DC. Prod. vi. 180. An undershrub with long flexuose reeliuing' or alinost cliaibing- brauches, closely covered with white cottouy wool. Leaves petiolate, the lower ones cordate-ovate, 1 to 2 in. loug, losiug their wool ou the upper side, densely cottony underneath, the upper ones few aud sniall. Plower-heads small aud numerous, in little compact corymbs formiug a Uirge loose ahnost leafiess panicle. Involucre turbiuate- cauipanulate, about 2\ lines long, wooUy-white, the inner aud iutermediate bi-acts with sraall wliite glabrous spreading tips. Florets about 20, a very few of the outer ones female. Acheues glabrous or papillose. Pappus- bristles scarcely thickened upwards. — Steetz in Pl. Preiss. i. 469. ^V. Australia. King George's Sound, R. Biown and others, thence to Svvan River, cliiefly near the sea, Drummond, n. 1 68, Preiss, n. 29, and mauy others, covering the hills at tbe cntiauce to Swau River, Fraser. There are occasionally a few small scales on the reeeptacle. 28. H. obovatum, BC. Prod. vi. 180. Stems (froin a Avoody base ?) weak, branching, recHuing or flexuose, woolly-white wheu young, at length glabrous. Leaves on slender petioles, obovate, \ to 1 iu. long, thin aud flat, glabrous or cottony-white uuderneath. Flower-heads small, in a loose irregu- lar leafless panicle. Involucre broadly turbhiate-campanulate, scarcely 2 liues long, woolly as well as the peduucles, the bracts not very nnmerous, the iinier oues wilh very small or scarcely any scarious spreading tips. Plorets about 20. Achencs glabrous. Pappus-bristles scarcely thickeued upwards. — F. Muell. Fragm. ii. 89. W. S. Wales. Rocky slopes on the Hastiugs river, A. Cunningham , Clareuce river, Beckler. 29. H. Bidwillii, Bmth. Stems weak, straggling or flexuose, Avith more or less of a decithious cottony wool. Leaves on sleuder petioles, ovate or ovate-elliptical, mostly acute, \ to 1 in. long, flat and thin, glabrous or cottony-white, especially undcrneath. Flower-heads small, iu small rather compact panicles termiuating leafy branches. luvolucre broadly cainpanu- late, about 2 lines loug, glabrous or very thinly woolly, the bracts rather numerous, scarious, appressed, the iuuer ones with very small slightly spread- ing acute or jagged tips. Florets about 20 or rather more, a few.outer ones female. Acheues glabrous. Pappus-bristles serndate, but scarcely thickened upAvards. Queensland. \Vide Bay, Bidvnll. "N. S. 'Wales. Macleay rivcr, Beckler. With the foliage uearly of H. obovatum, this has the iuflorescence and invohicres of H. Becklerii. 30. H. Becklerii, F. Muell. Herh. A shrub ()r undershrub?) with 2 s 2 628 LXii. composit;e. ]^TIeHchnj-wm. slender clivfirioate braiirlies, toineiitopc or piibescent when yoiing. Leaves almost sessile, oblonti-lanceolate or linear, flat or with recurvecl mar;, very obtuse, i to 1 or rarely nearly l^ in. lono;, contractcd iuto a short petiole, iiat or vvilh sliiihtly recurved margins, coriaceous, pale underneath. Flower-heads sniall aud rather numerous, in dense coryml)s. luvobicre turbinate-campauuhite, about 2 liues long, straw colour, the bracts latlier numerous, appressed, the innerniost ofteu with very short, scarcely spreading white tips. Florets above 20, a very few outer ones occasionally female. Achenes papUiose or hirsute towards the top. Pappus-bristles serrrdate aud slightly thickeued towards the end. — Swamnierdanua antennaria, DC. Prod. vi. 1G4 ; Ozothun- nus aiitennaria, Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. 1. 203. Tasmania. Table Mouatain, Derwent river, R. Brown ; Mount "Wellingtou aud Wcs- tern nioiiutains, at an elevation of 3000 to 4000 ft., /. D. Hooker aud others. 44. H. obcordatum, F. Muell. Herb. An erect shrub, attaining from 2 to 4 or 5 ft. iu height, the branches cottony-white or nearly ghibrous. Leaves broadly obovate, veiy obtuse, narrowed into a very short petiole, under \ in. and sometimes all under \ iu.long, flat or with sliglitly recurved margins, coriaceous, ghibrous above, pale or wliite underneath. Fiower-heads sraall aiul numerous, in a deuse terminal coryinb. Invoiucre uarrow, about 2 bnes loug, straw-coloured, the bracts concave and looscly imbricate, with- out coloured tips. Florets about 5 to 8 in the original ibrm, a fevv of the outer ones feinale. Achenes augular, glabrous or papillose. Pappus-bristles not at all or scarcelv Ihickened upwards. — Ozotlianinas obcordatun, I)C. Prod. vi. 165 ; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 202, Tasmania. Dry hillsides about the Derweut river, U. Brown, J. B. Hooker. Var. major. Leaves and flower-heads rather larger, florets about 12. — Cassinia obovala, DC. Prod. vi. 155. W. S. Wales. Twofold Bay, A. Cunningham ; New Enitland, C. Sttiart. Victoria. Mouut Sturgeon, Robertson, F. Mueller ; Granipians, Wilhelini ; Nau- gatta Mountains, Forest Creek, eutrauce to Genoa river, F. Mueller. 4.5. H. Backhousii, F. Muell. Herb. A small, erect, much-brauched sbrub of 1 to 3 ft., the brauches slightly tomentose or at length glabrous. Leaves from narrow obf)v/niu>i scutelti/olius, Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i." 202, t. 56. fi34 LXii. coMPOsiT.E. lHelic/nysum. Tasmania, Oldfield ; Port Arthur, Burnett. 50. H. pholidotum, F. MueU. Herb. A t;ill slirub, with iiunierous sleiider virfjate braiiehiets, almost destitute of wool. Leaves small, scale-like, erect and closely appressed, lanceolate, about 1 line loniColor, Tiu-cz. in Bull. Mosc. 1851, i. 194. Victoria. Wimmera aud iMurray river, Dallachy. S. Australia. Pine forests and scrub to the'N.E. of Lake Gairdner, F. Mueller ; Lake Gillies, Bnrkiit W. Australia. Swan River, Brummond, \st Coll., Ath Coll., n. 198, Preiss ; Kal- gau, Murray, and S. Hutt rivers, Oldfield ; Salt Creek, Ma.rwell. "\Vendland's figure is an excellent representation of thc piuk variety, Regers of the yellow onc. The figure in the ' Botanical Magazine ' also appears to represcnt the true TF. corym- hnsa, aUhough the erroneous syuouymy is co|)ied from Steetz. The figure of Morna mtida, Liudl. Bot. Keg. t. Y.)\\, perhiips also rathcr represeuts this species than W. aiirea. 636 LXii. coMPOSiTyE. {Wuitzia. 2. W. aurea, Steetz in Pl. Preiss. i. 452. An erect annual witli the habit aiui liiiear scabroiis-piibe¢ or alinost glabrous leaves of TF. corym- bosa. Flower-heads rather larger aiid fewer in a looser corynib. Involucre goldeti-yellow or ting-ed with brown, the bracts gradually passing froni the sessile outer to the stipitate inner or iutermefbate ones, but niore rigid, obtuse or acute but uot acuiniiiate, distinctly exceeding the Horets, not descending aloug the pediincle but iisually, especially when young, closely surrouiided by 2 or 3 small linear Horal leavcs. Achenes with the loug slender beak and siraple pappus of IP^. cnryniboHd, except that the bristles are sornetimcs bar- bellate or ciliate-plumose qiiite at the base. — Leptorhynchns aurens, Benth. in Hueg. EiKiin. 64; Y)C Prod. vi. 161; Ilorna nitida, Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1941 (?) (referable perhaps to W. corymt)osa') . W. Australia. Swan River and adjoininf;; districts, Huegel, Drummond, \st Coll. n. 333, and ofh CoU. n. 381, Preiss, n. 2, 4, 5, 8, and others ; Blackwood and Bowes rivers and Ctiampion Bay, Oldfield ; Roebuck Bay, Marfen ; South coast, Baxter ; S.W. Bay and Middle Mount Barren, Oldfield. 3. W. nivea, Benth. An erect annual with linear scabrous-pubescent or alinost ghd)rous leaves and rather large flower-heads usually few in a loose corymb as in IF. aiirea, the involucres surrouiided by a few floral leaves as in that species of which it may be a variety, with the involucral bracts of a pure white or piuk or very rarely with a very pale yellovvish tinge, they are also not rigid, more frequently acute, though not acuminate as in W. corymbosa, the almost herbaceous linear claws are more conspicuous, and the florets are longer iii proportion to the involucre. Achenes and pappus as in W. aurea. — Morna nivea, Lindl. Bot. Reg. 1838, t. 9 ; Leptorhynchns suaveolens, Benth. in Hueg. Euuin. 64 ; DC. Prod. vi. 160; Waitzia odoutotepis, Turez. in Bull. Mosc. 1851, ii. 77 ; W. corymhosa, Steetz in Pl. Preiss. i. 450, not of VVendland. "W. Australia. Kinp; Georg;e's Sound, R. Brown aiid others, and thence to Swaa River, Driimmond, \st Coll. n. 334; Uti Coll. n. 382, 383 ; Preiss, n. 12, 13, and others; aud Murciiison river, Oldfield, Driimmund,()tli Coll. n. 158. HelicIirysuM. rigidulmn, DG. Prod. vi. 193, described from a frasrinent commuriicatcd by Sweet, which I have not seen, is probabiy this species, of vvhich a single tlower-head, with- out exaniining the acheue aud pappus, might be talieu almost for that of Helicliri/sum adenojjliorian. 4. W. Steetziana, Lehm. in Pl. Preiss. i. 454. An erect annual, more slender tluin the preceding species and almost alvvays uuder 1 ft. high, gla- brous or with a little loose wool. Flower-heads solitary or in loose corymbs smaller than in the precediug species. Involncres hemispherical, about ^ in. diameter, varying from a pure white to a pale or bright yellow, the bracts rath(!r broad, obtuse or scarcely acute, without external floral leaves, passing gradually from the outer sessile to the iuner ones ou rather broad claws. Plorets niuch sinallcr thau iu JF. nivea. Achenes very papillosc, contracted into a slendcr beak, UiiUally very ^hort at the time of flovvering, more or less lengthened wheu the acheue is ripe, soiiietimcs to twice or three times its own length. Pappus hristles short, strongly barbelhite or shortly plumose. — tV. tenella, Ilook. Bot. Mag. t. 5342, aiuj //'. dasycarpa, Turcz in Biill. Mosc. 1851, ii. 77 (butli with long beaks to tlie achencs) ; T^eptorliyncluis Pf^^nitzla!] LXll. COMPOSIT.T,. 637 citrinns, Bcnth. in Huep;. Enum. 6-i ; DC. Prod. vi. 161 ; Waitzia cilrina, Steetz in Pl. Preiss. i. 454, and JF. mlphnrea, Steetz, l. c. 453 (with the in- vohicres niore or less vellow) ; TF. brevirostris, Steetz iii Pl. Preiss. i. 451 (with short beaks to the achenes and white involucres). ■W. Australia. Swan River and adjoining districts, Drummond, ^st CoU. n. 336, 337 ; 5M ( nll. SKppl. n. 65; Preiss, n. 6, 7, 9, 10, 15, and others ; Murebison river, Olclfiehl ; Stirling range, Gairdner and Salt rivers, Maxwell. 'J'lie species, iu habit, foliage, and general forni of the iuvolucres, often so closely resembles ReUpterum Coticla, that it is only to be distinguished by the beak of the achene and by the outer involucral bracts as petal-like as the inner ones instead of beiug more rigiii and browu. The lcugth of the beak to the acheue appears to be very variable aud soraetimes short, even iu the ripe achene, but in general it is short at the time of flowering and lengthens conside- rably afterwards. • 5. W. podolepis, Steetz in Pl. Preiss. i. 450. An erect simple aunual. Leaves linear, 1 to 2 in. lorig, hoarv-tomentose {GandicJiaud) or slabrous {Sond^r). Plower-lieads in the upper axils on peduucles longer than tlie leaves, forming a loose corymb or short raceme. Invohicre described as hcmispherical, tig-ured rather as broadly campanulate, about \ in. diameter, the outer bracts white and appressed, the inner row with sliort spreading laminae of a brown-yellow {GaudicJiand.), all pure white (Sonder). Achenes with a slender beak mucli longer than themselves. Pappus-bristles strongly barbellate.^ — Firai/a podolepis, Gaudich. in Preyc. Yoy. Bot. 466. t. 89; LeptorJiyncJins podolepis, DC. Prod. vi. 160 ; Sond. in Linnsea, xxv. 501. TV. Australia. Sharks' Bay (GaHdicliaud). I have seen no plant auswering to the description and figure. It seems to partake in some respects of the characters of W. Steet- zuijia, in others of W. paniculata. Sonder, who saw a specimen at Berlin, says it is a Leptnrhijnchus, uot a Waitzia, but he does not say ou what character he relies for dis- tinguishiug the two genera. The iuvolucre, achene and pappus figured are certainly those of Waitzia not of a Leptorhijnchus. 6. W. paniculata, -F. Mnell. Herh. An erect wooUy-toraentose an- nual rarely exceeding 6 in. Leaves oblong-spathulate or tlie upper ones liuear, soft. Flower-heads uearly sessile on very short axillary branches, forming an oblong dense leafy panicle or raceme. luvolucre broadly ovoid or ahnost globose, of a pale straw-colour, about 3 lines diameter, the scarious cihate bracts imbricate, the outer ones appressed, the intermediate oues (about 1 row) with flat claws and sraall oblong spreading lamiuce, tiic iuuer- niost with narrow claws aud very sraall ciliate-fringed lauiince. Florets 5 to 20, small. Achenes strongly papillose, with a short slender beak. Pappus- bristles 12 to 15, plumose. — PterocJiate paniculata, Steetzin Pl. Prciss. i. 456. W. Australia. King George'8 Sound, R. Brovm and others, and theuce to Swan Eiver, Drummond, hth Coll. n. 358, Preiss, n. 35, and others ; Murchisou river, Oldfield. 77. HELIPTERUM, DC. (Pteropogon, DC. ; Rhodanthe and Xyridanthe, Lindt. ; Anisolepis and Ilyalosperraa, Steetz ; Triptilodiscus, Turcz. ; Acrocliuium, Moneucyanthes and Dimorpholepis, A. Gray ; Duttouia and Cassiiiiola, F. Miiell.) Involucre from broadly hemisplierical to narrow-ovoid or cylindrical, the bracts imbricate in several rows, either entirely or only their laminse scarious 638 Lxri. coMPOsiT.^:. [Helipterim. or petal-like, more or less spreading or appressed .Keceptacle flat, coiivex or conicai, witlioiit scales, aiul in the Australian species williout bristles or fringed pits. Florets in tlie Australian species herniaplirodite tubular and 5- rarely 4-toothed, or very rarely a few in the circumference female, slender but iiot longer than the others, 2- to 4-toothed, several in the centre frequcntly sterile. Anthers witli iine tails. Style-l)ranches nearly terete, truncate. Achenes angular terete or somevvhat tlattened, very rarely contracted at the top but not distinctly beaked, i>labrous, papillose or more frequently densely silky-villous. Pappus of capillary or very rarely dilated and almost scale- like bristles, finely plumose-ciliate from the base, those of the female florets or of the central sterile ones souietimes fewer or wautiug. — Herbs frequc^tly aunual, sometimes pereiniial* or very rarely slender divaricate shrubs witli leafy stenis, clothed with cottony wool or uearly glabrous. Leaves alternate or the lower ones very rarely opposite, entire. Florets yellow, the laminae ot' the involucral bracts usually white yellow bi'own or pink, often varyiug in all these colours with intermediate shades in the same species. A considerable geiius, biit confinocl to Soutli Afiica aud Australia, tlie specics of each of the two regions all endeniic. It difiFers froin Helichrysnm solely in the plumose paj)j)us, and, although anuual duration, morc scarious outer involucral braets, and sonie other minor characters are more prevaleut in Ilelipieritm than iu Helichrysum, yet there are several species iu each genus closcly allied to correspondins; ones in the other, and the section Law- rencella of Helichrysum is an approach, both in habit and in the prominently barbellate pappus-bristles, to Helipleruw ; the spccics of each gcnus are, howcver, numcrous both in Australia and South Africa, and the cbaracter is not ditiicult to appreciate, it may tlierefore be convenient to retain the two as distinct geucra. Two species, H. pyrelhrum and H. di- morpholepis, have thc pappus-bristles dilatcd towards the base, tendiug towards the scales oi Rididosis but with a very ditfereut involucre. Several S. African species have the pits of the receptacle fringcd with short bristles. The genus is also closcly connected vvith Waitzia through W. Steetziana, and with the AnglanthecE through Cephalijjterum, which is very nearly alHed to Helipterum condensatum. Section I. Euhelipterum. — Involucre hroadly hemlspherical, loith or without ra- diating petal-like lamincB to the inner or intermediate bracts. Achenes villous with long sill. H. condensatum. Lamiufe of the inner bracts shorter than their claws, those of the outer oues minute or none. Involucre ovoid-turbiuate, the laminse white 15. H. polyphyllum. luvolucre cyliudrical, the laminse yellow \&. H. Humboldtianum. riower-heads on long peduucles or loosely corymbose, with con- spicuous rays. Achenes densely silky-villous. Outer involucral bracts with linear green tips. Involucres cyliudrical, the rays as loug as the outer bracts, linear tips squarrose. Corymb rather compact . . . . \']. H. involucratum. Involucres turbinate-eampanulate, the rays as long as the outer bracts, linear tips erect 18. 7/. ienellum. Involucres ovoid, the rays not half so long as the outer bracts 10. H. gracile. Outer invohicral bracts with obtusely scarious tips. Glabrous. Flower-heads ou long peduncles. Involucres ovoid 20. H. strictum. Cottouy. Flower-heads loosely corymbose. luvolucres broadly turbiuate 21. i^. corymbiflorum. Flower-heads uearly sessile. Involucres narrow. Dwarf brauching piauts, the flower-heads in an irregular leafy corymb. Involucres with very small white laminae. Cotiony. Florets 10 to 15 2\. H.corymbiflorumwo.T. Nearly glabrous. Florets 4 to 6 22. H. pyymceum. Stems i to li- ft. high. Flower-heads very small and nume- rous in an oblong or globular spike-like leafless pauicle. No radiating tips 2Z. H. spicatum. Section III. Monencyantlies. — Involucres ovoid, cylindrical or campanulate, the bracts scarious or coloured ivithnut any or with very minute scarious radiating iips. Jchenes glabrous or papillose. Flower-heads often very small. Flower-heads in deuse corymbose clusters almost contracted into heads. Erect cottony hcrb of \ to \\ ft. Flower-heads small and numerous. Involucral bracts verv woollv inside at the base. 640 LXii. coMPosiTiT;. [Helipferum. yiorcts 2 to 4 24. //. moschatum. Slender divaricate uudershrub or shrub. Flower-heads few. Involucral bracts ciliate. Florets 15 to 20 25. /T. pterochatum. Flower-heads in loose leafless coryuibs or i)anicles. Involucres small, narrow, scarious, coloured. Florets 10 to 15. Leaves liuear or lauceolate, acute. Corollas dilated upwards. Involuores all j)edicellate, under 2 lines long. No radiatiug tips 26. H. polycephaliim. luvolucres niostly sessile or neaily so, about 2 lines long, with luinute scarious radiating ttps 27. H. corymhosum. Leaves linear obtuse. Corollas very slender. luvolucres with- out radiatiug tips 28. H. lave. Flower-heads singly sessiie within the fioral leaves. Suiall annuals. Florets above 20. Plant of 1 to I5 in. Involucres campanulate. Pappus-bristles about 10, plumose, 1 ot dilated 29. H. exicfuum. Plant of 3 to 6 in. Involucres broadly ovoid. Pappus-bristles of the perfect fiorets about 5, dilated aud almost scale- liite 30. H. dimorpholepis. {Olearia conocephala, p. 480, has homogamous flower-heads aiid a plumose pappus, but the involucre is less scarious than in Helipterinn, aud the styie diflerent.) Section I. EuHELiPTERUM. — Iiivolucre broadly hemispherical, vvith or rarely wilhout radiating petal-like himinse to the inner or interraediate bracts. 1. H. Manglesii, F. Muell. Herb. An erect glabrous corymbosely- braiichcd anuual attaiuing 1 to 2 f't. Leaves ovate-oblong or broadly lauceo- late, clasping the stem with rounded auricles. Flower-heads showy on loug peduncles bearing a few scarious scalos. Involucre hemispherical, wheu fully out the outer bracts sessile and scarious, the iuner ones with a narrow claw and oblong radiating petai-like laraina -1 to -^ iu. long, varyiug from a pale to a rich pink and souietimes deep purple at the base. Keceptacle flat. Florets short, all herraaphrodite, yellow or purple. Achenes densely woolly- hairy. Pappus of 15 to 20 equallv phimose bristles. — Rhodanthe Mauglesii, Liudl. Bot. Reg. t. 1703 ; Bot. Mag. t. 3483, .5283, 5290 ; Sweet, Brit. n. Gard. ser. 3. t. 295 ; Steetz in Pl. Preiss. i. 4-17. ■^V. Australia. Swan River, Drummond, \st ColL, also ^th Coll. n. 383 ; uear Woodbridge, Preiss, n. 49 ; Kalgan river and Champion Bay, Ohljield; Salt river, Max- well. — 'l'he species varies very much in the size of the flower-heads. 2. H, roseum, Benth. An anuual with erect or ascending simple or slightly branclied stcuis from under 1 ft. to uearly 2 ft. long, glabrous or nearly so. Leaves liuear, acute or abuost obtuse, the upper oues fcw aud small, the lower ones sometimes shorter and more obtuse. Flower-heads large, sohtary, tcrmiual. Invohicre hemispherical, the outer scarious bracts sessile, short, tinged with brown, passiug gracUially iuto the iuner ones with broad liuear claws aiul radiating petal-like himina; often ^ in- loug, vaiyiug from a bright pink to pure white. Receptacle flat. Florets all herma])h)'o- dite, the inuer ones ofteu sterile. Aclienes densely wooUy-villous. Pappus of 10 to 15 plumose bristles, tenninatiug in a dcnse brusli, formed of cilia closer packed and deeper coloured but uot louger than the others. — Acrocli- nium ro-senii/., Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4801. W. Australia. j\Turchison river, Oldfield, Bnmmond, Uh Coll. n. 157. }Telij)ternm.] LXii. compostt.e. 041 3. H. anthemoides, DC. Prod. vi. 216. Rootstock poreiinial, witli iiumcrous crect siraple ratlier slender stems, rarely much above 1 ft. liif;h ancl often short, glabrous. Leaves linear, often rather crowded, mostly ^ in. long, rarely linear-lanceolate and longer, glabrous and sinooth or more frequently marked with impressed dots. Flower-heads solitary. Invohicre hemisphe- rical, spreading to about f to 1 in. diaraeter, including the ray, the outer bracts short, broad, scarious, tiuged with brown, the inner with broad scarcely ciliate claws and radiating petal-like larainaj 3 to 4 lines long, of a pure white. Eeceptacle flat. Florets all hermaphrodite. Achenes densely silky- hairy. Pappus-bristles 15 to 20, equally plumose. — Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 215. t. 61 ; HaUchrysum anthemoides, Sieb. in Spreng. Syst. iii. 484 ; Heli- ptertim pnnctatiim, DC. Prod. vi. 216. Queensland, Bowman; near Mount Faraday, Mitchell ; head of the Gwydir, Leich- liardt. N. S. TVales. Port Jackson to the Blue Mountains, R. Browu, Sieber, n. 344, and others; New England, C. Stuart ; Richraond river, Fawcett ; Macquarrie river, Fraser,A. Cunninghaw. Victoria. Port Phillip, Gutui ; Grampians, Wilhelmi ; Wimmera, DaJJachi/. Tasmania. Derwent river, R. Brown ; Formosa, Western Mouniains, Launceston, ctc, Gnnn aud others. S. Australia. Near Adelaide, Whittaker ; Mount Remarkable, F. MveUer. 4. H. polygalifolium, DC. Prod. vi. 216. A. glabrous annual branch- ing at or near the base, ascending or erect, y to 1 ft. high. Lower leaves oblong-spathulate or linear-cuneate, the upper ones linear-Lanceolate and small. Plower-heads solitary. Invohicre hemispherical, above 1 in. diameter inchid- ing the rfiy, the outer short broad scarious bracts tinged with brown, inner ones with a broad shghtly woolly-ciliate claw and spreading petal-like lamina, often ^ in. long, of a pale or bright yellow. Eeceptacle flat. Florets all hermaphrodite. Achenes densely silky-villous. Pappus-bristles 15 to 20, equallv plumose with long fine cilia, not tufted at the end. — H. diffusum, DC. Prod.vi. 216. N. S. T^ales. Molle's Plains, Lachlan river, and PeeFs Range, Fraser, A. Cumling- ham ; Darling: and Lachlan rivers, Victorian and other Fxjpeditlons. 5. Australia. Murray river, F. MueJJer ; Venus and Streaky bays, Warburtnn. 5. H. rubellum, Benth. An annual with simple rather slender steras of 6 to 9 in., raore or less ghandular-pubescent. Flower-heads solitary. lu- volucre hemispherical, about \ in. diameter without the ray, the onter bracts ovate, scarious, tinged with brown, the inner with rather broad scarious clawS and spreading petal-like laminse, about 3 lines long, of a pale or rather dark pink. Eeceptacle conical. Florets all herraaphrodite, the inner ones usually sterile. Achenes densely silky-villous. Pappus of the outer perfect achenes of about 20 very pluraose bristles, the upper short cilia condensed into a small tuft. A few inner achenes abortive, with a reduced pappus. — Acrocli- ni/im rubellum, A. Gray in Hook. Kew Journ. iv. 271. ■W. Australia, Brummond, n. 347, Roe. I have not succeeded in finding any tails to the aulhers in this species, but may have overlooked them if exceedingly fine. 6. H. chlorocephalum, Benih. An annual with nnmerous mostly simple stems of \ to 1 ft., glabrous or ncarly so. Leaves linear or slightly VOL. III. 3 T 642 LXii. composiTjE. [Helipterum. spatlmlate. rarely above |^ in. I0112;, tlie upper ones few and small. riower- heads terminal. Involucre hemispheriral, about \ in. diameter without the rav, the outer short scarious bracts tinged with brown, the inner ones with scarioiis claws and radiating petal-like Liminte, 3 to 4 liiies loiig, of a nietallic greeu or yellowish-brown colour Avhen dry (perhaps yellowish when fresh). Receptacle conical. Florets all hermaphrodite, the inner ones sterilc. Achenes densely vUlous. Pappus-bristles 10 to 15, plumose, the upper short cilia of each bristle condensed in a terminal tuft, usually deeper coloured than the rest of the pappus, the inner achenes abortive with a reduced pappus. — Schoenia cJilorocephala, Turcz. iu Bull. Mosc. 1851, i. 193 ; AcrocUnium mul- ticaule, A. Gray in Hook. Kew Journ. iv. 271. W. Australia, Brummond, '^th Coll. n. 199. This may prove to bc a varieiy of H. riihellum. 7. H. floribundum, DC. Prod. vi. 217. Stems erect and nearly simple when flowering the first year, at leugth diffuse, much-branched and woody at the base, the branches ascending from a few inches to above 1 ft. high, glabrous or loosely woolly. Leaves linear or rarely linear-lanceohite, acute. Flower-heads solitary on each brancli, but the upper branches often numerous and paniculate. Involucre hemispherical, rather smaller than in H. (inthemoides, tlie bracts all white and petal-like, the outer ones short and sessile, passing into the inner ones with a scarious claw and radiating lan- ceohnte lamina of 3 lines or more. Eeceptacle hemispherical or conical. Florets aE hermaphrodite. Achenes densely silky-villous. Pappus of 7 to 10 rigid ecpiallv pluinose bristles. — H. cMonolepis, F. Muell. in Linnsea, xxv. 416. M. S. "Wales. I\Iolle's Plaius, Fraser ; Darling aud Lachlan rivers, Viciorian and other Expeditioiis ; betwcen Stokes Range and Cooper's Creek, Wheeler. S. Australia. Fliuders Range, Cuduaka, F. Mueller ; Wills' Creek, Howitfs Ej-pe- dition ; Mount Searl, Warburton. Var. Stuartianum. Ratber taller; flower-heads larger, the outer bracts assuming a straw- colour. — H. Stuartianum, Soud. iu LinuEea, xsv. 518. — Murray river, F. Mueller. 8. H. Pyrethrum, Benth. Au erect glabrous simple or slightly- brauched anuual of G to 8 iu., the stem thickened at the base. Leavcs lan- ceolate or linear but small and ahnost scale-like. Flower-heads solitary on the branches. Involucre hcmispberical, 2 to 3 lines diameter without the ray, the outer bracts few short and scarious, passing into the upper stem- leaves, the inner ones with short brown rigid chiws and radiating petal-like laminfe, spreading to f in. diameter, pure wliite or tinged with pink. Re- ceptacle conical. Florets all herinaplirodite, the inner ones probably sterile. Achenes dcnsely silky-villous. Pappus of 10 to 15 plumose-ciliate bristles, more or less dilated scale-Iike and united at the base or sometimes to the middle. — Anisolepis pyrethriim, Steetz in Pl. Preiss. i. 447. ■W. Australia. Swan River, Preiss, n. 14, Brummond, bth Coll. n. 351. The pap- pus is rather variable, approaching that of Rutidosis, but the habit and involucre are totally unlike those of any specics of that genus. 9. H. heteranthum, Turcz. in Bnll. Mosc. 1851, i. 198. An erect aiinual of 6 iu. to I l't., scabrous-pubescent and somewhat viscid, branchiiig Helipteruni.'] Lxii. composiTjE. 643 and leafy near tlie base. Lower leaves petiolate, oblong or laixceolate, upjjer ones sraall and linear. Flower-heads solitary on long almost leafless pe- duncles. Involucre hemispherical, 4 to 6 lines diameter, the outer oracts Ijroad, short and scarious, the inner Avith broad rigid claws and small scarious scarcely spreading lamiuce. Receptacle slightly convex, prominently honey- combed. Florets all hermaphrodite, the central ones sterile. Achenes densely silky-villous. Pappus of about 20 rigid equally plumose bristles. — K. discoideinn, A. Gray in Hook. Kew Journ. iv. 231 ; R. anaciinum., F. Muell. Fragm. iii. 137. W. Australia, Brummond, n. 96, \th CoU. n. 214, ^fli Coll. n. 374 ; Champion Bay, Oldfield. The habit reoalls sotnetimes that of Podolepis Lessoni, but it is at once known by the short florets, the villous achenes, aud plumose pappus. Var. majus. Stems 1 to l^ ft. high. Lower leaves 2 to 3 iu. long. Flower-heads nearly 1 iu. diameter. — Between Moore and Murchison Yivers, Di-iimmond, Qfk Coll. n. 152. 1 0. H. stipitatum, F. Muell. Herh. Probably perennial, loosely wooUy- liairy, only the branclies seen. Leaves linear, stem-clasping, 1 to 2 in. long, flaccid. Flower-heads rather large, on long peduncles, leafless except a few linear bracts, the upper ones with rigid coloured poinls. Invohicre hemi- spherical, above \ in. diameter without the ray, a few of the outer bracts subulate, coloured and glabrous, passing into the upper bracts of the pe- duncle, the inner ones very nuinerous with very narrow rigid glandular claws of about 3 lines, and ovate radiating petal-bke laminse of about 2 lines long, of a bright yellow, a few of the innermost smaller, with very small laminae. Receptacle flat. Florets nunierous, all herraaphrodite. Style-branches tipped with a prorainent cone. Achenes ghibrous or papillose. Pappus-bristles rather shortiy plumose. — Helichrysiim stipitatum, F. MueU. Fragm. iii. 133. S. Australia. Finke river, M^Bouall Stuarfs E.tpedition. The species is evidently allied to H. incaimm, but known at once by the subulate outer involucral bracts. ll.'II. incanum, DC. Prod. vi. 215. A densely tufted perennial with ascending or erect siniple stems or branches of 6 in. to 1 ft., wooUy-white as well as the foliage. Leaves crowded at the base of the stems, from narrow- linear to linear-oblong, often 2 to 4 in. long, the upper ones smaller and dis- tant. Flower-heads large on leafless peduucles. Involucre hemispherical, spreading to l^ in. diameter, the bracts all petal-like but rigid, the outer ones short and sessile, the inner with linear or subulate claws, glandular or woolly- ciliate, and radiating lamincS 4 to 5 lines long, of a pure white or tinged with pink or brown or passing into a pale or bright yellow. Reccptacle flat. Florets numerous, all hermaplirodite. Achenes glabrous. Pappus of 10 to 20 equally plumose bristles. — Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 318 ; Hook. f. FI. Tasra. i. 214 ; EUclirysum incammi, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 2881 ; Helichrysinn molle, DC. Prod. vi. 194 ; Elichrysum albicans, A. Cunn. in Field, N. S. Wales, 359 ; Helipterum albicans, DC. Prod. vi. 215 ; H. bicoloriim, DC. 1. c. ; TFaitzia brachyrhyncha, F. Muell. in Linnaea, xxv. 407, and HeUpterum brachyrhyn- chitm, Sond. in Linna-a, xxv. 517 (with yellow involucres). Queensland, Mitchell. N. S. Wales. Port .Tackson, F. MueJler ; Blue Mountains, A. Cunningham, WooUs 2 T 2 G41- LXii. composiTjB. IHelipterum. aud othcrs; in the interior to tho Lachlan and Molle's Plains, A. Ciinningham, Fraser ; New Englaiul, C. Stnart ; Hastings river, Beckler. Victoria. Snowy River, Forcst Creek, Monnt Timbertop, Maneroo, T. MueUer ; Grara- piaiis, irUhelmi; '\N'\mTa^vs., Dallacliy ; Skipton, W/ian ; wQav \^ ooAnWch, Robertson. Tasmania. IVorthern parts of the island at all clevations, J. D. Hooker. S Australia. Miirray river, Cudnaka, Flinders Range, F. Mneller. The ycllow as wcll as thc white variety sent from most localities iu N. S. Wales, Victoria, and S. Australia, but only the white from Tasmania. See also F. Muell. Rep. Babb. Exped. 14, as to the diversity of colour. 12. H. Cotula) DC. Prod. vi. 215. A slender erect or ascending simple or l)raiichin^ anniial, rarely exceeding 1 ft. and often under 6 in., flowering when only 1 or 2 in., with a few loose woolly hairs or at length glabrous. Leaves linear, very narrow, but not long, the first often opposite. Flower- heads solitary. Involucre hemisphcrical, spreading to from f to 1 in. dia- meter including the ray, the outer bracts short, broad, obtuse and usually tinged witli brown, the inner with short, broad, scarious, slightly woolly claws and radiating petal-like laminse of 3 to 5 lines, varying from pure white to ))ale or bright yellow, a few of the innermost sometimes small. Receptacle fiat. Florets naraerous, all hermaphrodite, a few inner ones sometiraes sterile. Achenes glabrous or papillose. Pappus of 10 to 15 plumose bristles, the upper cilia forming a yellow tuft. — Steetz in Pl. Preiss. i. 474 ; Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 5604 ; Uelichrysurii Cotula, Benth. in Hueg. Enum. 65 ; He- lipternm simplex, Steetz in Pl. Preiss. i. 475 ; H. citrinmn, Steetz, 1. c. 474 (wiih yellow involucres) ; H. pusiLlum, Turcz. in Bull. Mosc. 1851, ii. 80; //. preecox, P. Muell. in Traus. Vict. Inst. 1855, 58 ; //. serdisterile, F. MueU. Fnigm. ii. 157 ; Helichrysnm Oldfieldii, F. Muell. Fragm. iii. 134. Queensland. Maranoa river, Mitchell. N. S. Wales. Darliiig rivcr, Beckler. Victoria. Avoca river, F. Mueller. W. Australia. King George's Sound, Men&ies, and thenee to Swan River, Brnm- mond, ». 29, 169, 338, 339, ^ 'CoU. n. 384, Preiss, n. 18, 21, Oldfield ; G.cographe Bay and Chunipion Bay, Oldfield. The white and yellovv varieties were generally gathercd togcthcrby Driimmond. TVithout examining the achene and pappus, this specics might be readily confounded with Waitzia Steetziana. 13. H. hyalospermum, F. Mucll. Herb. A slender erect glabrous or sb'ghtly woolly annual, rarcly much above 6 in. high and often smaller. Leaves narrow-linear, almost filiform. Flower-heads on long peduiicles, leaf- less except a few small scarious scales passing into the onter involucral bracts. Jnvolucre liemispherical when fuUy out, 4 to 5 Unes diameter without the ray, the outcr bracts short, sessile, browu or yellow witli a more rigid lanceolate centre, the inner with a broad scarious browu claw and yellow petal-like ra- diating lamina, about 2 lines long. Ileceptacle flat. Florets rathcr numer6us, all hermaphrodite. Achenes glabrous or papillose, rather more compressed than in niost Heliptera. Pappus-bristles 8 to 12, equally plumose, but yellow at the tips.- — Hyalospermvm strictnm and //. glutinosum, Steetz in Pl. Preiss. i. 477; Hyalospermum variabile, Sond. in Liunasa, xxv. 519. N. S. Wales. Lachlan river, A. Cunningham ; Lachlan aad Diirling rivers, Victorian and otlier E.rpeditions. Victoria. Wimincra, Ballachy. HeUjderum .~\ Lxii. composit.e. 645 S. Australia. Gavvler Town, Burra-Burra, St. Vincenfs Gulf, F. Mueller ; Lake Gillies, Burklit. W. Australia. Swan River, Drummond, n. 340 ; Murchison river, Oldfield. Some of the smaller specimeus, whcre the thickeuiDg of the ceutre of the outer involucral bracts is less marked, are difflcult to distiuguish from yellow specimens of H. Cotula. The achenes appear to be larger thau iu that species (almost transpareut in uuripe specimens), and the scales ou the peduncles do uot occoi' iu H. Cotula. Section II. Pteropogon. — Involucres ovoid, turbinate-campanulate or cylindrical, tlie outer bracts appressed, scarious or rigid, tlie inner orinternie- diate ones with or rarely without radiating petal-like laniiua or tips. Achenes villous. Florets rarely above 10. 14. H. condensatum, F. Muell. Fragm. iii. 136, Stature probably of H. poJi/phi/llum and H. Humboldtianum, but only the upper portiou of the stems seen, the inflorescence and foliage with loose cottony wool. Leaves linear or linear-oblong, obtuse, flaccid. Flower-heads smali, numerous, iu a compact corymb. Involucre ovoid, 2 lines long without the ray, the bracts woolly and appressed at the base, but nearly all of tliem with petal-Iike snow- white spreading laminae as long as their claws, which are broad and scarious, the inner ones with a green central line. Florets about 8 to 10, all herma- phrodite. Achenes shortly hii-sute, but only seen very young. Pappus of 15 to 20 finely plumose bristles. W. Australia. ]\Turchisou river, Oldfield. This species appears to connect the geuus with Cephalipterum, which scarcely differs except in its much more compact infloresceuce. 15. H. polyphyllum, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 35. An erect annual of about 1 to 1| ft., not much branched and slightly wooUy. Leaves narrow- linear, 1 to 2 in. long. Flower-heads small, rather numerous, in terminal corvmbs. Involucre ovoid or narrow-campanulate, nearly 3 lines long, slightly woolly, the outer bracts appressed without laminse, the inner with broadly scarious claws and white petal-Iike radiating laminse, rather shorter than their claws. Florets about 10 to 12, all hermaphrodite. Achenes shorlly silky-hirsute. Pappus of 15 to 20 plumose bristles. Queensland, Botoman and others ; basaltic plains, from the Brisbane to Peak Range, F. Mueller ; Kenfs Plains, W. Hlll ; plains of the Condamiue, Leichhardt ; Rockhamptou, Thozet. 16. H. Humboldtianum, T)C. Prod. vi. 216. Erect, probably annual, 1 to 2 ft. high, woolly-white or at length nearly glabrous. Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, acute. Fiower-heads small, numerous, in dense terminal corymbs. Involucre cylindrical, 2 to 2| lines long without the rays, the outei bracts closely imbricate with very short squarrose scarious tips, tfie inner with slightlywoolly-ciliate claws and radiating rather rigid petal-Iike laminse, l^ to 2 lines long, of a briglit yellow passing (when dry) into a metallic- o-reen. Florets about 10 to 12, all hcrmaphrodite, a few of tlie inner ones sometimes sterile. Achenes silky-hirsute. Pappus of 15 to 20 plumose bristles. — FAiclmjsum Humboldliannm, Gaudich. in Freyc. Voy. Bot. 465. t. 88 ; Schcenia ? Hwnboldtiana, Steetz in PI. Preiss. i. 481 ; Pteropogoii 646 Lxn. coMFOSiT^. {Heliptermn. Humboldtiamis, F. Muell. in Linnrea, xxv. 415 ; Helipterum Sandfordii, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 5350 ; H. largiflorens, F. Muell. Pragm. iii. 135. W. Australia. Sharks' Bay {Gatidichaud) ; Murcliison river, Oldfield, Brummond, Qtn. Coll. n. 160. 17. H. involucratum, F. Muell. Frar/m. iii. 135. A slender, erect, glabroiis annual, corymbosely brancbed, under 1 ft. liigh. Leaves liuear, almost filiform. Flower-heads nunierous in a broad flat loose corymb. In- volucre cylindrical, nearly 3 lines long without the ray, the outer bracts shortly woolly or nearly glabrous with narrow-linear herbaceous squarrose tips, often passing into the upper leaves, the inner ones with scarious rather broad glabrous claws and petal-bke oblong radiating laminse, about 3 lines long, of a bright yellow. Florets about 10 to 15. Achenes densely villous. Pappus-bristles about 20, plimiose. VT. Australia. Murchison river, Oldfield. Nearly allied to H. tenellum, with a somewhat ditVercnt involucre. 18. H. tenellum, Tnrcz. in. Bull. Mosc. 1851, i. 198. An erect, slender, corymbosely branched annual, of 6 in. to 1 ft., glabrous or slightly woolly. Leaves narrow-linear or tilifonn. Flower-heads pedunculate or nearly sessile, in a loose or rather densc broad flat corymb, the small upper leaves passing into the outer involucral bracts. Involucre turbinate, rather more than 2 lines loug Avithout the rays, the outer bracts with liuear-subu- late erect herbaceous tips, the inner with radiating petal-like laminse, about l^ lines long, varying froni bright yellow to pure white or sHghtly pink. Florets about 12 to 15, all hermaphrodite. Achenes densely villous. Pappus-bristles 15 to 20, phnnose. — Fteropo(jon ramosus, A. Gray in Hook. Kew Journ. iv. 270. ^W. Australia, Drummond ; the white variety bctween Moore aud Murchison rivers, Drummond, Qtk Coll. n. 156. 19. H. gracile, Benth. A slender, erect, nearly simple or corymbosely branched aniuial, from 6 in. to nearly 1 ft. high, glabrous or very slightly woolly. Leaves linear-fiiiform, the lower oncs occasionally opposite. Flower- heads fcAV, solitary on the branches or in clusters of 2 or 3. Involucre ovoid, nearly 3 lines long, the outer bracts of a shiuing brown, appressed, a few with bnear-subulate erect almost herbaceous tips, the inner oues with naiTOW acute petal-like radiating lamiupe, shorter thau their clavvs, of a bright yellow. Florets 10 to 15. Achenes densely villous. Pappus of about 10 plumose bristles. — Pteropofjon gracilis, A. Gray in Hook. Kew Journ. iv. 269. W. Australia. Swan river, Drummond, \st Coll. Possibly a slender variety of H. teneltkm. 20. H. strictum, Benth. An erect ghibrous autuial, attaining 1 to 2 ft;, but oiten under 6 in. Leaves oblong-lanceolate or linear, mostly steni- clasping, tlie lower ones petiolate, the uppennost small and narrovv. Flower- heads solit.iry on long peduncles. Involucre ovoid or at length campanulate, i to l^ in. dianieter, the bracts rigid, closely imbricate, the inner oues with small oblong white radiating petal-like himinfi3. Florets 3 or 4 only in somc Helipterum.] lxii. composit^. 647 heads, 8 to 10 in the larger ones, all hermaphrodite. Achenes densely silky- villous. Pappus of 20 or more equally phimose bristles. — Xyridanthe stricta, Lindl. Swan Riv. App. 23 ; Fteropogon plati/pJiylltis, F. Muell. in Liuiuea, xxv. 413. N. S. Wales. Darling river, Herb. F. Mueller ; Goyinga mountaius, Victorian Ex- pedifion ; betweeu Slokes Kauge and Cooper's Creeii, Wheeler. S. Australia. Cuclnaka, F. Mneller. W. Australia. Swan Kiver, Brummond, Ist Coll. F. Mucller, iu Rep. Babb. Exped. 14, unites this vvith H. poli/galifolium, of which it has uearly the foliagc, but the invohxcres and pappus appear to me to be very diiferent. 21. H. corymbifiorum, ScldecJd. in Linnaa, xxi. 448. An erect wooUy-white corymbose annuai, of i to 1 ft. Leaves linear or lanceolate, niostly obtuse, soft, the upper ones few and small. Flower-heads, in the original form, in a rather loose terminal leafless corynib, with a few small scarious bracts on the branches and peduncles. Involucre turbinate, about 3 lines long withoul the ray, the outer bracts whoUy scarious, broad, obtuse, slightly woolly-ciliate, the inner with linear or cuneate chiws, woolly towards the top and radiating petal-like white Laminae, about 2^ lines long. Florets all hermaphrodite, but sorae of the central ones usually sterile. Achenes densely silky-villous. Pappus of about 15 to 30 plumose bristles. — Sond. in Linnaea, xxv. 519. N. S. Wales. Lachlau, Darling, and Murray rivers, Vidorian and other Expeditions. Victoria. Avoca river, F. Mueller ; Wimmera, Daliachy. S. Australia. Fiedier'» Section, BeJir ; near Gawlcr Town, Holdfast Bay, F. Mueller. Var. ? microglossa, F. Muell. lierb. Dwarf, much branched, very woolly and only 2 to 4 in. high. luflorescence compact aud leafy, scarcely corymbose. luvolucres on very short peduucles or almost sessile, narrow, about 2^ lines long, the radiating laniinae very small. — Goyinga mouutaius, Victorian Exitedition. Possibly a distiuct species, approaching in habit the H. j)i/gmcBum. 22. H. pygmseum, BentJi. An annual, branching from the base, diffuse or erect, 2 to 4 in. Iiigh, slightly wooUy or at lengtli glabrous. Leaves narrow-Iiuear, almost filiform. Flower-heads not very inimerous, sessile in dense terminal leafy corymbs or clusters. Involucre narrow, about 4 lines long, the bracts brown, scarious, obtuse and appressed, the inner ones with small white ovate radiating lips. Florets 4 to 6, all herraaphrodite, but about half in the centre sterile, the corolla very slender. Achenes densely silky- villous. Pappus of numerous plumose bristles. — Pteropogon pygmcEus,Y!>G. Prod. vi. 245 ; A. Gray in Hook. Kew Journ. iv. 267 ; P. australis, 'Neesin Linnpea, xvi. 223. N. S. 'Wales. MoUe's Plaius, A. CunningJiam, Fraser ; Darling and Lachlan rivers, BurJcitt. Victoria. Wimmera and Murray river, DallacJu/. S. Australia. Flinders Range, Cudnaka, towards Lake Torrens, F. Mueller. Yar. occldentale. Usually, but not always more glabrous, with rather smalier flower- heads, the radiating tips of the bracts sometimes very miuute. — Pteropogon Drummondii, A. Gray iu Ilook. Kew Journ. iv. 267. W, Australia, Drummond, Wi Coll. n. 175. 23. H. spicatum, F. Muell. Herb. Said to be annual, but the base 648 Lxii. cuMPusiTiE. [Helipierun/. ofteu liarcl aiul almost Moody aiid showing sometimes a creepiiig rhizome, tlie steras slender, erect, often exceeding 1 ft., wooUy-white or hoary or at length glabrous. Leaves linear, almost filiform, the lower ones soraetiraes above 2 in. long, the upper ones few, small and distant. Flower-heads very small, in a deuse globular or ovoid terminal leatless cluster, soraetiraes ex- tended into an obloug spike interrupted at the base. Involucre narrovv, ovoid-cylindrical, 2 to 2^ liues long, the bracts scarious but rather rigid, usually of a rich shining reddish-brown, rarely })alc-colourcd, without spread- ing tips or wool iuside. Florets about 5 or 6, all hermaphi"odite and fertile or 2 or 3 of tlie inner ones sterile. Achenes doisely silky-villuus. Pappus- bristles rigid, p]umose.—Pie}-opo(/o>i spicattis, Steetz in Pl. Preiss. i. 479 ; A. Gray in Hook. Kew Journ. iv. 268. W. Australia, Brummond, n. 19, 362 ; Mouut Lehmann, Preiss, n. 24 ; Champion Bay, Toodyay aiid Murchison rivers, Oldfield. \-ar. paflens. Cluster of flower-heads larger, more compound and uot so dense, the invo- lucres very pale brown, all other characters precisely as iu the ori2;inal form. — Helipterum monencyanthioides, F. Muell. Fragm. iii. 137. — Tone aud Salt rivers, Maxicell. Section III. MoNENCYANTHES. — luvolucrcs ovoid, cylindi-ical or cara- panulate, the bracts scarious or coloured, without any or with very minute scarious radiating tips. Achenes glabrous or papillose. Flower-heads often very sniall. 24. H. moschatum, Benth. Annual or perhaps sometimes perennial with a creeping rhizonie. Stems erect or decunibent at the base, | to l^ ft. high, densely wooUy as well as the foliage. Lower leaves petiolate, obovate or spathulate, the upper ones lanceolate or oblanceolate and stem-clasping. Plower-heads small aud numerous, nearly sessile in dense coryrabose oralmost globular clusters. Involucres ovoid, scarcely 2 lines long, the bracts scarious, varying frora a rich brown to pale straw-colour, without spreading tips, densely vvoolly inside at the base. Plorets in all the specimens exarauied 2 or 3, all herraaphrodite and fertile. Achenes narrow-oblong, contracted at the base, sraooth and glabrous, but so closely enveloped in thc long intricate siuTounding woolthat it is difhcult to extractthem. — Gnaphalium moschaium, A..Cunn. in DC. Prod. vi. 236 ; Calocephalus gnaphalioichs,MooV. in ]\litch. Trop. Austr. 378 ; Monencijanihes (jnaphalioides, A. Gray in Hook. Kew Journ. iv. 230. Queeusland. Kear the Baloune river, Milchell. N. S. Wales. Molles Plains, A. Cimningham, Fraser ; Darliug and Murray rivers, to thc Barrier Kauge, Vintorian and other Expeditions. Victoria. AVimmera, Ballachi/. S. Australia. Cuduaka, Crystal Brook, Jlouut Lofty Kauges, F. Mueller ; \ViIIs' Crcek, llowitCs Expeditioii. The species has somethiug of the aspect of Gnaphalium luteo-album. 25. H. pterochaetum, Benth. An undershrub or small shrub, with sleiider but rigid divaricate wooUy-white branclies. Leaves narrow-linear, with revoiute margins, nearly glabrous. Plower-heads small, nearly sessile in sraall terraiual clusters. Involucre narrow-turbinate, straw-coloured, tlie bracts appressed, scarious, ciliate, with veiy small tips, deeper coloured but not radiating. Florets 15 to 20, all appareutly hermaphrodite. Achenes Helipterum.'] LXii. coMPOSiTiE. 649 oblong, papillose. Pappus of 8 to 15 very fiiie plumose bristles. — Clmjsoce- phalum pterochcetum, E. Muell. iu Liunsea, xxv. 416 ; Helichrysum ptero- chcetnm, F. Muell. Eep. Babb. Exped. 14. W. S. Wales. Mount Goniugberi, Victorian Expedition. S. Australia. Near Cudnaka, F. Mueller ; Stuarfs Creek, Lake Gregory, Bahbage^s Expedltion. The tube of the corolla is bnlbous, not at the base, as occurs more or less in many specics, but just above the base iu the specimeus exarained. 26. H. polycephalum, Benth. A slendererect corymbosely branched auuual of 6 in. to 1 ft., at first woolly-white but soon glabrous, except the under side of the leaves. Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, acute, the hirger oues often decurrent. Flower-heads very small, all pediuicuhde iu a large loose termiual corymb or pauicle. Involucre narrow, scarcely 2 lines long, the bracts rigidly scarious, of a light shining reddish-brown, without spread- ing tips. Fiorets 10 to 15, all hermaphrodite aud often all fertile. Achenes glabrous or spriukled with a few short hairs. Pappus-bristles about 10, plu- mose. — Pleropogon polycephalus, A. Gray in Hook. Kew Jouru. iv. 268 ; Cassinia cuprea or Cassiniola cuprea, F. Muell. Fragm. iii. 139. W. Australia, Drummond, Preiss, n. 43 ; Murchison river, Oldfield. 27. H, corymbosum, Benth. An erect corymbosely branched annual, 6 iu. to 1 ft. high, woolly-white or at length glabrous. Leaves linear or liuear-lanceolate, acute, not decurreut. Flower-heads veiy small, shortly pe- duuculate iu little clusters of 2 to 5, forming a loose ii-regular corvmb. In- volucre uarrow, rather above 2 lines long, the bracts shining, of a reddish- browu, appressed, the inuer ones usually but not always Avith minute white spreading tips. Florets achenes and pappus of H.. polycephalum, of which tliis may possibly prove a variety. — Pteropogon corymhosus, A. Gray in Hook. Kew Jouru. iv. 268. W. Australia, Brummond, ^th CoH. n. 364 ; Darliug Range, Collie. 28. H. lasve, Benth. A slender erect branching annual under 6 in. high and quite glabrous. Leaves small, linear, rather obtuse, narrowed at the base. Flower-heads very small, all pedunculate, forming an irregularly corym- bose pauicle. Involucre narrow, about 2 lines long, the bracts of a rich shining brown, without spreadiug tips. Florets 10 to 12, all hermaphrodite. Achenes nearly glabrous. Pappus-bristles about 10. — Pteropogon tavis, A. Gray in Hook. Kew Journ. iv. 269. W. Australia, Brmimond, hth Coll. n. 366. Nearly allied to the two preceding species. 29. H. exiguum, F. Muelt. in Trans. Vict. lust. 1855, 39. A dwarf, very uuich brauched, uearly glabrous auuTial, formiug little tufts 1 to 1| in. diameter. Leaves small, linear-filiform. Flower-heads small, rather uume- rous, sessile. Involucrv; campanulate, about l^ liues diameter, the bracts scarious, of a reddish-brown, ol)tuse, without radiating tips. Florets 20 to 40, all hermaphrodite. Achenes glabrous or papillose. Pappus of about 10 plumose hvhiXe?,. — Pteropogon demissus, A. Gray in Hook. Kew Journ. iv. 269. 650 Lxii. COMPOSIT.B. [Helipterum. Victoria. Sandy stony dcclivities, Grampians, Serra and Victoria ranges, F. Mueller ; \\ iminfra, Dallachy ; Skipton, IVhan. S. Australia. Eiigle Ranges and near Gawler Town, T. Mueller. "W. Australia, DriiMmond, ^th Coll. Suppl. n. 66. 30. H. dimorpholepis, Benth. An annual with erect or ascending branchiug stems, greeu, with a few long hairs, but scarcely any wool. Leaves linear, rather broad, i to 1 iti loug. Flower-heads sinall, sessile within a few floral leaves exceeding the head, terminal or sometimes lateral. luvolucre broatUy ovoid, above 3 lines loug, the outer bracts lauceolate, scarious, fringed with long cilia, the inner with rigid gLanduhir claws and small scari- ous tips not spreading. Receptacle conical. Florets rather nuraerous, cx- ceeding the involucre, a few of the outer ones female. Aehenes glabrous. Pappus of about 3 or 4 pluraose-ciliate bristles, more or less flattened and scale-Iike, the outer acheues, especially those of the female florets, often with- out any pappus, and the innermost usually abortive. — Dlmorpholepis australis, A. Gray iu Hook. Kew Journ. iv. 227 ; Hook. Ic. PI. t. 856; Iriptilodiscus pygmceus, Turcz. in BuII. Mosc. 1851, ii. 66 ; Duttonia sessiliceps, F. Muell. in LinufBa, xxv. 410. W. S. Wales. Port Jackson, F. Mueller ; Blue Mountaius, beyond Berrima, WooUs ; Nangas, M'Arlhur ; New England, C. Sluart. Victoria. Murray river, Yarra-Yarra, Mount MTvor, F. Mueller ; Firy Creek, Whan. S. Australia. Kocky Creek, F. Mueller. W. Australia, Drummond, ^th Coll. Suppl. n. 54. 78. RAOULIA, Hook. f. (Merope, Wed.) Involucre ovoid campanulate or hemispherical, the bracts imbricate iu several rows, more or less scarious, often openiug out elastically when old, the inuer ones rarely with radiating coloured tips. iieceptacle flat or convex, without scales. Florets all tubular, the outer ones iu 1 or rarcly 2 rows, female and very sleuder, those of the disk hermaphrodite, 5-toothed, some- times sterile. Anthers with fine tails. Style-brauohcs uearly terete, truncate or capitate, somctimes undivided in sterile florets. Aelienes oblong or ob- ovate, glabrous or slightly hirsute, not beaked. Pappus of capillary bristles, simple or deuticulate and occasionally thickeued towards the end. — Dwarf densely tufled perennials, the short brauches closely covercd with small im- bricate leaves, rarely shortly diftuse witli crowded but less irabricate leaves. Flower-heads solitary, sessile or shortly pedunculate at the cnds of the branches. Au alpine genus, extending over New Zealand and antarctic and Andine S. America ; the tvvo Australian specics both endemic. In esseutial character thc genus can scarccly bc said to difler troui llellchrymm, but IVom the peculiar habit the spccies havc been always more readily couuected with Gnaphalium, from which it diflcrs in thc female florcts ahvays much fewer thau the hermaphrodites. A. Gray unilcsthe Americau specics with LucUia, iu whicii he uiay be right, although the habit aud shape of tlie iuvohicrc appcar to bc diflFerent. Thc group requires mucii furthcr revisiou, aud may be better characterizcd when we obtaiu more numerous and more perfcct specimeus of sevcral spccies which are as yet but little kuowu. Leaves irabricate, dcnsely wooUy-villous. Scapes lcaflcss, \ to 1 iu. . \. R. Tlanchoni. Lcaves erowdcd on decumbeut stcnis, but uot imbricatc, closcly silky- tomentosc. Flower-hcads sessilc ... 2. R. Catipes. Eaoulia.] LXii. coMPOSiTiK. 651 1. R, Planchoni, Hook.f. A dwarf perennial, forming broacl tlense tnfts, tlie brahches concealed by the i'emains of old leaves. Leaves imbricate, obovate, 3 to 4 lines long, tliick and densely villous with rust-coloured vvoolly hairs, becoming hoary when old. Scapes or terminal peduncles ^ to 1 in. high, leafless or with a single small bract, bearing a single flower-head. In- vohicre ovoid, about 3 lines long, the bracts scarious, narrow-linear, acute, the outer ones slightly woolly. Female florets few, in a single row ; disk- florets nuraerous, mostly fertile. Achenes slightly hirsute. Pappus-bristles numerous, free, not thickened upwards. — Gnaphalmm Planchoni, Hook. f. FI. Tasm. i. 217. t. 62 C. Tasmania. Table niountain, Derwent river, R. Brown ; summit of Mount Olympus, Gtnin. 2. R, Catipes, Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 206. ^.58 {R. tasmanica on the plate). A low decumbent much-branched perennial, forming large tufts of a silvery-white from the uniform closely-appressed tomentura, the stems ascend- ing to frora 2 to nearly 6 in. Leaves crowded but scarcely iuibricate, spread- ing and shortly decurrent, obovate-spathulate or oblanceolate, flat or concave, 2 to 3 or rarely 4 lines long. Flower-heads terminal, solitary and sessile. Invokicre hemispherical, 3 to 4 lines diameter, the bracts scarious brown and appressed at the base, all but the outermost with sraa]l oblong spreading white tips. Florets nuraerous, mostly lierraaphrodite with 1 (or rarely 2 ?) rows of feraale florets in the circumference, the majority of the hermaphro- dites apparently sterile in some specimens, nearly all fertile in others, but the species does not appear to be so corapletely dioecious as are most Aniennarice. Style of the herraaphrodite florets always branched in all the specimens ex- amined, though tlie branches do not always spread. Aclienes pubescent. Pappus-bristles not very numerous, slightly cohering at the base, denticulate and thickened towards the end, especially in the herraaphrodite florets, very caducous. — Gnaphalium Catipes, DC. Prod. vi. 236 ; Antennaria nuhi leafy corymbs. Branching annual of 1 to 3 in. 7- 0. indutum. Flower-heads solitary on leafy scapes of ^ to 3 in. Invohicre about 2 lines long, surrouuded by liuear floral leaves . 3. G. collirmm, var. Involucre at least 3 lines loug, without floral leaves, besides very short woolly outer bracts 8. G. Traversii. 1. G. luteo-album, Z/?;;^;. ; i)C, P?W. vi. 230. An annual or perhaps Dieunial, deasely woolly-wliite, witli ascending or erect stems of 1 to l^ ft. when full grown. Lower leaves petiolate obovate or obloug-spathulate, ob- tuse ; upper ones sessile liuear or lauceolate, acute, all usually soft and re- taining the wool on both sides. Flower-heads in loose terraiual nearly glo- bose clusters or dense corymbs, without floral leaves, eitlier solitary and terminal or several of the clusters iu the forks or on the brauches of an irre- gular coiymbose panicle. Involucres about 2 liues diaraeter, nearly globose, the bracts scarious, pale browui or straw-colour, with obtuse scarious tips not spreading. Feraale florets exceedingly uumerous with a few herraaphrodites in the centre. — Hook. f. Fl. Tasra. i. 216 ; Steetz in PI. Preiss. i. 478. Queensland. Cape Upstaii;, Barnard Isles, Port Curtis, M^-Gillivray ; Suttor river, Bowttian ; Keppel Bay, Tkozet. W. S. TVales. Port Jackson to the Bhie Mountains, R. Broion and others ; northward to Clarence river, Beckler ; southward to Gabo island, Maplestone ; Lord Howe's Island, M'Gillivray. Victoria. Murray river, Station Peak, F. Mueller ; Wimmera, Dallachy ; Skipton, Whan; Portlaud, AUitt. Tasmania. Abundant in rocky places and wet or dry pastures, /. 2). Hooker. S. Australia. Mouut Gambier, Lofty Range, Kangaroo Island, F. Mueller ; Burra Burra, Hinteraecker. W. Australia. Kiug George's Sound and neighbouring districts, Drummond, Preiss, n. 33, 34 ; eastward to Esperance Bay, Maxwell ; Mui-chisou river, Otdfield. The species is common in almost all the warm and temperate regions of the globe. 2. G. japonicum, Thunh. Fl. Jap. 311. An erect annual, usually under 1 ft., but wheu luxuriant \\ ft. high, more or less cottony-white, the base of the stem often hard and alraost woody. Leaves frora oblong-spathu- late and narrowed into a long petiole to linear and sessile, becoming glabrous above, cottony-white underueath. Flower-heads small, in dense globose clusters or compouud heads, surrounded by a few floral leaves, either terminal and \ to f in. diameteror axillaiy and smaller. Involucres oblong, imbedded at the base in a dense white wool, the bracts scarious, brown or straw-colour, erect, obtuse or the inner oues acute, without spreading tips. F^eraale florets 20 or more, hermaphrodite ones in the centre, solitary or very few. Achenes slightly corapressed. Pappus-bristles very fine, scarcely cohering at the base. — Miq. Prolus. FI. Jap. 109 ; F. Muell. Fragm. v. isO ; G. involucralum, Forst. Prod. 55 ; DC. Prod. vi. 235 ; Hook. f. FI. Tasra. i. 216; Steetz in PI. Preiss. i. 478 ; Bot. Mag. t. 2582 ; Euchiton Forsteri and E. pulchellus, Cass. (V>C.). 654 LXii. cOMPOsiTiE. {Gnaphaliim. Queenslaud. Northumbcrland islauds, R. Brown; Keppel Bay, Thczet ; Brisbane rivcr, Morcton Bay, F. Mueller. N. S. Wales. Port Jankson, R. Browii, Sieber, n. 343, and others ; New Englaud, C. Stimrt ; Q\a.Ki\ce nwev, Beckler ; Darling river, Fictorian Ej-pedition. Victoria. ]\Iurray river, i)«?/«c^7/; Creswick and Ballarat, ff7ian. Tasmania. Common iu mauy parts of the islaud, /. I). Hooker. S. Australia. Near Adelaidc, Torrens river, Keusington, F. Mueller ; Kangaroo island, Waferliouse. W. Australia. South eoast to Swau Eiver, Dmmmond, n. 22, hth Coll. n. 370, Preiss, n. 46, 47, aud others; Murchison rivcr, Oldfield. The spccies is also iu New Zealaud, and cxteuds ovcr some parts of the Eastern Archi- pelago, and northwards to Japau, from whence we have many specimens, easily recognizcd by Thuiibcrg's description, but first idcntitied by Miqucl. With rcgard to the severaL synonyms quoted by De Candolle and copicd by F. Muciler, soine must reinain doubtful, for De Candolle gives the perennial sigu to his specics, whilst all the perfcct spceimens I havc seen show an anuual root, as described by Thunberg. 3. G. coUinum, Labill. Pl. Nov. Holl. ii. 44. t. 189. Very nearly allied to G. japoiucnm, and refen-ed to it as a synonym by F. Mueller. It appears, however, to be always perennial, forraing a tiiftetl stock or emittiiig underground creeping rhizomes, the stature is usually smaller, the indumentum closer, Leaves more acute, the radical ones more persistent, usually ghibrous above, white underncath. Flower-heads not forming- so compact a liead, and each involucre broader, usually brown. Florcts and achenes the sarae as in G.japoniciim. — DC. Prod. vi. 235; Hook. f. ¥\. Tasni. i. 216; Euchiton collinum, Cass. (DC). KT. S. 'Wales. New Euglaud, C. Stuart ; Clarenee river, Beckler. Tasmania. Dry pastures, not very common, /. B. Hooker. Var. ? radicans, F. Muell. Dwarf and tuftcd. Flower-iieads few, mucb larger thau in the ordiuary form. Victoria. Summits of the Australiau Alps, F. Mueller. Tasmania. Westeru mouutains, Archer. Nzv.^ monocephalum, Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 364. Very dwarf, with liucar leavcs aiid solitary flower-heads. — Australiau Alps, F. Mueller. Thcse two varieties may possibly prove to be reduced states of G. alpigenmn, for the spe- cimens are searcely in a uormal eondition. G. gymnoccphalum, DC. Prod. vi. 235, from Port Jackson, G. cephaloideum, Willd. : DC. Prod. vi. 236, raised iu Continental gardens from Baudiu's Australiau seed, are proba- bly, as suggested by De Candolle, G. coUinum and G. japonicum {0. involucratum) rcspec- tively ; but without the inspection of authentic specimens, it is impossible to aseertain the point. 4. G. alpigenum, F. Muell. ; Hook.f. Fl. Tasm. i. 217. if. 62 A. A perennial with a tufted stock, emitting creeping stolons or prostrate barren stems. Radical leaves on long petioles, ovate or oblong, rather thick, cottony-white on both sides or at length nearly glabrous above. Flowering- stems not above 6 in. high, with a few oblong or spathulate leaves, all petio- late. Flower-heads in terminal globose clusters, surroundcd by a few oblong cottony floral leaves, and a few small clusters sometimes in the upper axils ; thc heads nearly monoecious, iu some the florets all or nearly all hermaphro- dilc but stcrile, iu others nearly all female, with 1 or 2 hermaphrodite in the centre. Involucre ovoid, about 2 lines long, cottoiiy at the base only, the bracts oblong, obtuse, scarious, usually of a pale brown. Pappus-bristles numerous, quite free. Gnaphalium.'] lxii. composiTjE. 655 Victoria. Australian Alps, at au elevation of 4000 to 6000 ft., F. Mueller. Tasmania. Table mountain, Derweut river, R. Brown; Western mountains, Law- rence, Gv.nn. The species is allied ou the ouc hand to G. coUinum, on the olher to thc European G. leontopodium. 5. G. purpureum, Lhm. ; DC. Prod. vi. 232. An anniial or peren- nial of sliort duration. Stems siniple or branching from tlie base, ascending or erect, 6 in. to 1 ft. high. Leaves mostly petiolate and spathuhite, or the npper ones rarely linear, cottony-vvhite on both sides as well as the stem. Flower-heads in short dense clusters in the axils of the upper leaves, the lower clusters distant, the upper ones forming a terminal leafy spike. Invo- lucre about 2 lines long, the bracts oblong-Iinear, scarious but wooUy, of a dirty white or pale brown. Feraale florets very numerous, with 2 or 3 her- maphrodite ones in the centre. Pappus-bristles slightly scabrous, cohering in a ring at the base. Queensland. Brisbaue river, Moretou Bay, Leichkardt, F. Mueller, Henne. N. S. 'Wales. In cultivated places, Port Jackson, R. Brown ; comreiou about Syduey, Woolls. This appears to be a N. Americau species, uow spread over many parts of the Old World, aud probably introduced into Australia siuce its settlemeut. 6. G. indicum, Linn. ; DC. Prod. vi. 231. A decurabent ascending or erect annual, rarely exceeding 6 in., covered with a loose cottony wool, sometimes very abundant. Leaves petiolate, spathidate or linear. Flower- heads small, densely clustered in ovate or oblong terminal leafy spikes, with a few in the upper axils. Tnvolucres ovoid, about 1 line long, the bracts densely imbedded in wool, the tips only usually protruding. Female florets very numerous, with 2 or 3 hermaphrodite ones in the ceHtre. Pappus- bristles numerous, cohering in a ring at the base. — G. niliacum, Eaddi ; DC. I. c. Queensland. Upper Roper and AUigator rivers, F. Mueller. N. S. 'W^ales. Darling river, Victorian Expedition. Victoria. JNear Station Peak, Herb. F. Mueller. The species is common iu India, exteuding westward to the Nile and eastward to the Ma- layan pcniusula and Chiua. F. Mueller, Fragm. v. 149, uuites it with G. purpurenm ; they appear to me, however, to be alvvays readily distinguished, the G. indicum being of fhe Old World, the Q. p^irpureum of Americau origin. The Australian speeimens are sraall, with very narrow leaves. 7. G. indutum, Koolc. f. in Hook. Lond. Journ. vi. 121, and in Fl. Tasm. i. 217. t. 62 B. A little slender, erect, rauch-branched annual, rarely above 3 in. high and often not above 1 in., densely cottony-white. Leaves linear, soft. Flower-heads small, sessile araongst leafy bracts, at first dense biit not in globular heads, and at length looser, forraing leafy corymbs. Li- volucre ovoid, about 1 line long or scarcely more, woolly at the base ; the bracts oblong, with erect, scarious, brown or straw-coloured tips. Female florets very numerous, with 2 to 4 hermaphrodite ones in the centre. Pappus- bristles quite free. — G. sericeum, Turcz. in Bull. Mosc. 1851, ii. 83. N. S. Wales. Twofold Bay, F. Mueller. Victoria. Near Melbourue, Brightou, F. Mueller. Tasmania. Circular Head, Georgc Town, Gunn. 656 LXii. COMPOSIT^. [Gnopkalium. S. Australia. Crystal Brook, Rivoli Bay, F. ^fueller. W. Australia, T)nS'. lantus, the coryndj compact. Invokicre campanulate and prominently ribbed as in that species. Plorets tlie same. Achenes pubescent. Tasmania, Gunn. Only kuown from a single specimcu, showing the foliagc of S. ane- thifolias, with the intlorescence aud flowers of S. lautus. 14. S. vagus, F. Mnell. in Trans. Phil. Soc. Vict. i. 46, and in Hook. Kew Journ. viii. 162 ; Pl. Vict. t. 46. A tall, erect, gUibrons perennial. Leaves petiolate. brf).;dly lanceohite, deeply pinnatifid or pinnatcly divided 668 LXil. coMPOSiTiE. [Senecio. into few lanceolate entire or slightly toothed lobes or segments, of wliich the middle ones usually large, tlie upper and lower ones snKiU, the whole leaf sometiraes 5 or 6 in. long, tlie upper leaves smaller and less divided, and on side-branches often all entire or with only one deep lobe on each side, all of a thinner consistence than in most species, the petioles not auricuhite. Flower- heads rather large in an irregular corymb. luvolucre campanulate, the bracts 4 to 5 lines long, with few smaller outer ones. Ray-florets al)out 10 to 15, the ligulae long and spreading ; disk-florets numerous, sliortly exceeding the involucre. Achenes glabrous. N. S. 'Wales. Grose river, R. Brown ; Hastin^s and Clarence rivers and Mount Mitchell, Beckler ; swamps uear Port Jackson, Lowiie, Clowes ; Blue Mountains, Miss Alkinson ; Beut's Basiu aud uear Canideu, Wuolls. Victoria. Shady moist valleys of the Daudeuong ranges, of Mount Disappointmeut and ou Delatite river, F. Mueller. 15. S. amygdalifolius, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 232. A tall, ereet, gla- brous perennial. Leaves petiohate, ovate-hxnceohate to oblong-hTnceohite, acute aud acutely and coarsely serrate, 2 to 4 in. long. Flower-heads rather hirge and fevv in a loose coryuib or smaller and more densely corymbose. Invo- lucre narrow-campanulate, the bracts narrow, 4 to 5 lines long, with few small outer ones. Receptacle pitted, with the edges of the pits occasionally produced into short teeth or very rarely into a small scale. Eay-florets rarely above 6 and often only 3 or 4, rather long and spreading ; disk-florets shortly exceeding the involucre. Achenes ghibrous. N. S. Wales. Hastiugs river, Beckler ; Port Macquarrie, Backhouse, also Yicary. 16. S. velleioides, A. Cunn. iu BC. Procl. vi. 374. An erect glabrous perennial, attaining 3 ft. or sometinies more. Leaves ovate-oblong or lanceo- late, tlie lower ones shortly petiolate, the intermediate ones 2 to 4 in. long, coarsely serrate, narrowed below the middle but sessile and stem-clasping with broad rouiided auricles, the upper ones cordate-ovate or hmceolate, entire, broadly stem-clasping. Flower-heads not large and often rather nurae- rous, in a terrainal corymb. Involucre campanulate, the bracts 3 to nearly 4 lines long, with a very few small outer ones. Eay-florets usually about 10 or rather fewer, spreading and rather loug ; disk-florets scarcely exceeding the involucre. Achenes glabrous or slightly pubescent. — Hook. f. FL Tasm. i. 223. W. S. TVales. Rocky hills to the north of Bathurst, A. CmniivrjJiam ; Nepean river, R. Cnnniiiyham ; Blue Mountains, Miss Atlcinson ; Tvvofold Bay, /''. Miicller. Victoria. Wooded hills, \Vilsou's Promoutory, Apollo Bay, Upper Barwan river, Dan- denong range, ctc, F. Mueller. Tasmania. Dcrweut rivcr, R. Brown ; damp shaded alpine parts of thc colouy, grow- iiig iu vcry rich soil, ./. B. Uooker. 17. S. australis, TrHld. Spec. iii. 1981. A tall perennial, either quite glabrous or tlie mider side of the leaves slightly cottony-white. Leaves, in the typical form, liuear or hanceohite, sessile, quite entire or the base di- hated into small aruminate auricles, the larger leaves 5 1o 6 in.long. Flower- heads sniall and nunierous, in a large terniinal corymb. Involucre cylin- drical. of about 10 to 12 bracts, not 2 lines lonir. wilh scarcelv aiiv sniall Seiiecio.'] lxti. composit.e. ^69 outer ones. Eay-florets 4 to 6, the ligula (without the tube) not longer thau tlie involucre; disk-Horets about 10 to 12, exceeding the involucre. Achenes ghibrous or pul)escent.— A. llich. Sert. xAstrol. 131. t. 39 ; DC. Prod. vi. 374 ; liook. f. Fl. Tasin. i. 323 ; -S'. dryadeus, Sieb. Pl. Exs. ; 8. Unmrifolius, A. Rich. Sert. Astroi. 139 ; DC. Prod. vi. 374 ; -S*. cinerarioides, A. llich. 1. c. 138 ; S. Richardianus, DC. 1. c. 374, N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brotcn, Sieher, n. 337. Victoria. Common abont Melbourne, Jdcwison aud others ; Eniu Creek, JF//an ; Snowy River aud Lake King, F. Mueller. Tasmania. Port Dalryniple and islands of Bass's Straits, R. Brown ; commou through- out thecolony, /. D. Hooker. S. Australia. Loddon rivcr, F. Mueller. The New Zealand S. angustifolius, Forst., referred here hy Willdenow, aud after hini by De CaadoUe aud others, is probably the sarae as S. lautus. The .S'. australis of modera authors, has uot, as far as I am aware of, beeu found iu New Zealand. Var. macrodonfus. Leaves lanceolate, more or less serrate, usually whitish uuderneath, narrowed into a petiole, most frequeutly auriculate at the base. — S. persicifolius, A. Rich. Sert. AstroL 123 ; 5. macrodontus, DC. Prod. vi. 373.— Port Jaoksou, R. Broion ; Blue IMountaius, Miss Atkinson ; New England, C. Stuart ; Hastings aud Maclcay rivers, Beckler. This may be a distiuct species, but I have reduce-l it to 5. australis, on the authority of F. .MueUer. S. pauciligulatus, A. Rich. Sert. AstroL 121. t. 38 ; DC. Prod. vi. 373, is a form of this S. macrodontus, with broader leaves not auriculate, and a specimeu frora the Cobberas mouutains iu Herb. P. IMueller, has the satne broad leaves, but sessile aud broadly auriculate at the base. 18. S. Behrianus, So7id. et Mnell. in Linncsa, xxv. 537. A low per- ennial or alniost au uudershrnb, with a shortly creepiug woody rhizome and erect stems, usually 6 to 10 iu. high, more or less hoary-tomentose, especially about the inflorescenee. Leaves linear, with revolute margins, entire or re- motely toothed, rarely above 1 in. long, and the upper ones sniall. Flower- headsrather sraall, few in a loose terminal corymb. luvolucre cylindrical, of about 10 prominently 2-ribbed bracts, 2 to 3| liues loug, and a very few small outer ones. Ray-florets about 6 to 8, the ligulse (without the tube) scarcely so long as the involucre ; disk-florets 10 to 15, exceeding the iuvo- lucre. Achenes pubescent. N. S. 'Wales. Darling river, Ballachy. S. Australia. jMurray river near Moorundi and Wood's Station, F. MueJler. 19. S. leucoglossus, F. Muell. Fragm. ii. 15. An erect glabrous an- nual of 1 to 2 ft. Leaves few, ovate or lanceolate, acutely and irregidarly toothed and lobed, the lower ones petiolate without aurick'S, the next also petiolate but the petioles dilated into acutely-toothed stem-clasping auricles, the upper ones sessile with broad stem-clasping auricles. Flower-heads sniall, in smaU corymbs forming a large very loose panicle. InvoUicre cylin- drical, of about 8 bracts, scarcely 2 lines loug, witliout any or oidy 1 or 2 small outer ones. Kay-florets about 3, the ligula white Cor pale pnrple?) short and often rolled back. Disk-florets usually under 10, slightly exceed- ing the involucre. Achenes glabrous or papillose-pubescent. W. Australia, Drummond, n. 29 ; Harvcy river, Oldjield. 20. S. brachyglDSSUsy F. Muell. in Linncca, xxv. 525. A slender 670 LXii. COMPOSIT^. [Scnecio. annual, 6 iii. to a foct or rarely 1| ft. hiji^li, glabrous or spiinkled witli a few short wiiite h.iii-s. Leaves linear with a few sniall distant teeth or ii-regularly pinnatifid with few distant linear lobes. Flower-heads small, solitary or clustered at tlie ends of the branches of a loose irreguhir panicle. Involucre cylindrical, of about 8 bracts, about 2 lines long, wiih 1 or 2 niinute ouler ones. Kay-rtorets about 6, the ligula; oblong but very short aud rolled back. Disk-florets 10 to 12, slender, 5-toothed, scarcely exceeding the invohicre. Acheiies densely pubescent, those of the ray usually longer than those of the disk. — Erechlhites glossantha, Sond. in Linnaea, xxv. 524. N. S. Wales. Darling river, Victorian Expedition ; between Stokes' Range and Coo])('r"s Creek, h Iifcler. Victoria. Xear Melboui-ue, Adamson ; Wendu valley, Rolertson ; AVimmera, Dal- laclui. S. Australia. Near Adelaide, F. Mueller. W. Australia. Swau River, BnnnMond, n. 44, Preiss (no ntimber) ; Murchison river, Oldjicld. Var. (?) major. Flower-heads larsjcr. InvohuTes about 3 liues long with about 12 bi-acts. Florets also niore numerous. Poiut Nepean aud \Viison's Proraontoiy, F. Mneller, also in VV. Austialia, Brummond, n. 377. This variety, perhaps a distinct species, is only to be distiiiguished Croni the Europeau 5. sylvaticus by the lcss divided leaves. Var. (?) elatior. Tall and stout (the lovver part of the plaut not seen). Leaves pinnatifid, with liuear or hiuceolate uucqual lobes, the larger ones deuticulate. Flower-heads numcrous in a large lermiual corymb, otherwise as in the typical Ibrm. Achenes glabrous. — Blue ^lountaius, ILrl). F. Mueller. Series II. DiscoiDEi. — Flower-heads sraall, discoid. Involucre cylin- drical. 21. S. Georgianus, DC. Prod. vi. 371. An erect rigid perennial of 1 to 2 ft., covered when young with white cottony vvool which usually per- sists on the under side of the leaves, or rarely nearly glabrous. Leaves linear or lanceohite, entire or scarcely toothed, rarely alniost pinnatifid, 1 to 3 or even nearly 4 iu. long, usually narrowed into a petiole which is soraetimes slightly dilated at the base bnt not auricuhite. Flower-heads rather sniall, in a corymbose panicle, but fewer and hu-ger tlian in 8. odoratus, varying in size in different specimens. Involucre cylindrical, of about 12 bracts, from a little inore than 2 lines to above 3 lines long, the coloured reflexed tips inore prominent than in raost species. Plorets above 30, all tubular, exceed- ing the involucre. Achenes pubescent. — -S'. barkkausioides, Turcz. in Bull. iMosc. 1851, ii. 86 ; S.helichrysoides, F. Muell. iu Trans. Vict. Inst. 1855, 39. W. S. Wales. Chirence river, Beckler (a drawu-np impcrfect specimeu) ; banks of Lake Gcorge, A. Cunniitgliam. Victoria. Grassy subalpine ridges, Macalistcr river, jNIitta-Mitta Range, Lakc Omeo, F. Mueller. Tasmania. Dcrwcnt river, R. Broicn (appears to be this species). S. Australia. Salt Gulley, Be/tr ; hills about Wheal Barton miues, F. Mueller. W. Australia^ Brummond, otli Coll. n. 378. This spccies has the foliage and habit ncarly of Erechthites quadridentata, but the iuvo- lucrcs arc uiuch larger aud thc florets all hcrmaphrodite and o-toothed. 22. S. Gilberti, Turcz. in BnU. Mosc. 1851, i. 208. A tall erect perennial, the young stems clotlicd with a dctiduous white wool. Leaves Sei/cclo.] LXII. COMPOSIT^. 671 sessilt; aiul stcm-claspiuG:, lanceolate, deeply pinnatifid, witli lanceolate often toothed lobes, woolly-white when young-. the wool pcrsistiug ou the under side, the hu'ger ones 2 to 4 iu. long. Flower-heads suiall, numerous, iu a corynibose pauicle. luvolucre cyliudrical, 2 to 2i lines loug:, ot' about 13 very uarrow bracts with a few small outer ones. Plorets above 20, al) tubuhir, rather longer than the involucre. "W. Au.^tralia. Swan River, Brnmmond, n. 325. This has the aspect of Erechthites arijuta, but is a true Senecio. The flower-heaJs are much larger thaa iu 5. ramosissimus, siiialler tiuiu iu <5. Georgianus. 23. S. i'amosissimus, BC. Prod. vi. 371. A stout erect perennial of 2 to 5 ft., usually glabrous. Leaves broadly lanceolate on the maiu stem aud often 4 to 5 iu. loug, uarrower or narrowed below the middle on the side brauches, promineutly and acutely toothed, sessile and claspiug the stera with acutely toothed auricles. Flower-heads small aud numerous, iu a large more or less pyr;'midal pauicle. Involucre almost campauulate, of about 12 bracts, nearly 2 lines long, almost without small outer oues. Florets above 20, all tubular, slightly exceediug the iuvolucre. Acheues glabrous, much smaller and with a less promiuent termiual ring than in S. odoraliis. — S. ci/fjnonim., Steetz iu Pl. Preiss. i. 483. ■^V. Australia. King George's Sound and adjoining distriets, R. Brown, A. Cunning- ham, Oldfcld : Swan River, Fraser, Drummond, n. 28, 328, Freiss, n. 70, Oldjield. 24. S. odoratus, Hornem. ; DC. Prod. vi. 371. A stout erect peren- nial of 2 to 3 ft., glabrous or rarely with a loose wliite deciduous wool on the uuder side of the leaves. Leaves oblong or lanceohite, irregnlarly toothed, often narrowed below the middle and sometimes almost petiolate, but dilated and stera-clasping, with toothed auricles at the base, attaiumg 2 to 4 in. in length, the iipper ones and those of the side branches sometimes almost liuear. Flower-heads small and numerous, in dense corymbs at the euds of tlie brauches, formiug usually a large corymbose panicle. Involucre cylindrical, rarely exceeding 2 liues, of about 8 bracts, witl^ 1 or 2 small oiiter ones rarely wanting. Florets about 10 to 12, all tubular, consider- ably longer than the invohicre Avhen fully out. Achenes slightly pubesceut, the pappus inserted on a callous riug more proraineut than in the allied species.— A. Ilich. Sert. Astrol. 109 ; Hook. f. FL Tasm. i. 223 ; Cacalia odo- rata, Desf. Hort. Par. 165 and 400, according to DC. Victoria, Weudu vale, Robertson ; Sidpton, IFIian ; Wilsou^s Promontory, F. Muetter ; Glenny Islauds, Withelmi. Tasmania. Port Dalrymple, King's Islaud, R. Brown ; ^Vooluorth, Gunn ; Mac- quarrie Ilarbour, A. Ctmningham. S. Australia. iMemory Cove, Port Lincoln, R. Brov:n ,- Monut Kaiserstuhl.Tamunda Cree]<, F. Mnetter ; Kaugaroo Island, R. Brown, Baudiiis E.rpedition, F. Miieller. .1. D. Ilooker iu the Handb. N. Zeal. Fl. lCiO, refers to this si)ecics his .V. Banksii, Fl. N. Zral. ii. 146, which has indeed the foliage of luxuriaut specimcns oi S. odoratus, but ajipears to me quite distiuct iu the radiate llowcr-heads aud in the shape of the involucre aud florets, which are more like those of a miniature S. lantus. 25. S. Cunninghamii, BC. Prod. vi. 371. This is now cousidered by F. Muellcr as a variety of .6'. odoralm, of wliich it has the flower-heads aiul florets. It is however sraaller and more woodv at tlu; base, the stems 673 LXli. COMPOSIT.E. [Senecio. more branched, ascendiiig or erect, often under 1 ft. and rarely abovc 2 ft. high. Leaves linear or lanceolate, entire or coarsely toothed, narrovved into a short petiole without aiiy or only with very niinute auricles at the base. Flower-heads usually fewer than in «S'. odoratus, in small corymbs. — S. bracliy- lceniis, DC;. Prod. vi'. 370. N. S. Wales, I.ake George and Lachlaii river, A. Ctmninyham ; Maequarrie marshcs, Ducli Creek and Darliiig river, Mitchell ; Lachlau aud Darliug rivers, Fictorian and other Expeditions. Victoria, Murray river, Tlergolt ; Wimmera, Dallachy. S. Australia. ]\Iurray river to St. Viuceufs Gulf aud Flinders range, F. Meeller; Coopers Crcek, Howilfs Expedition ; iu the interior, M^Bouall Stuarfs E.vpediiion. "W. Australia. Murehisou river, Oldjield, Drummond, &th Coll. n. 149. 26. S. hypoleucus, F. Muell. Herb. (as a var. of S. odot-at/ts) . A tall and erect perennial, the base of the stems apparently more woody than in S. odoratus, of which it has the inflorescence andflorets and of which F. Mueller believes it to be a variety. Leaves ovate-lanceohite or lanceolate, 2 to 3 in. long, entire or slightly toothed, abruptly contracted into a long petiole not auriculate at the base, all very white and cottony underneath, Corymbs usually very dense. — S. odoratus, var. petiolafus, Sond. in Linnaea, xxv. 526. Victoria. Wimmera, Dallachy. S. Australia. ]Mount Lofty, Wilhelmi, Whittaker. 27. S. anetliifolius, A. Cunn. in DC. Frod. vi. 37L A glabrous branchiiig shrub (or underslirub ?) attaining 4 or 5 ft. Leaves crowded, pinnately divided into long narrow iinear or alniost tiliform segments, either entire or agaiu bearing a fevv equally narrow lobes. Flower-heads small, mimerous, in a very compact coryuilj. Livohicre cylindrical, above 2 to nearly 3 lines long, of about 8 bracts, without any or with 1 or 2 very sinall outer ones. Fioi'ets about 10 to 12, all tubular, longer than the involucre. Achenes glabrous or scabrous-pubescent. — S. anijustilobus, F. Muell. in Lin- nfea, xxv. 418 ; S. atigustifolius, Sond. 1. c. 526. N. S. 'Wales. Mount Caley and Peers Range. A. Cunningham. S. Australia. Summits of hills near Cudnaka, F. Mueller. 28 (?) S. Gaudichaudianus, J. Rich. Sert. Astrol. 98. An erect glabrous annual of about 6 in. Lcaves linear and entire or the lower ones petiolate oblong and obscnrely toothed. Flower-heads few, in a small ter- miual corynib or almost solitary. Livolucre cylindrical, ncarly 3 lines long, of about 8 bracts vvith very few small outer ones. Florets all tubular and herinaphrodite, slightly exceeding the involucre. Achenes pubescent. — DC. Prod. vi. 370. N. S. Wales. Port Jackson {Gaudichaud). This is a very doubtful species, aud maj possibly prove to be a small state of S. brachyylossus, in which the small ligulfe have been overlooked. Decaisue iuforms me that tiie autheutic specimeu in Hcrb. Mus. Par. had suffercd inuch from seawatcr, and was uot iu a state to ascertaiu thc point. lu a small one iu llcib. F. iMuellcr, which otherwise agrecs with the description, therc appear to be no ligulic, but thc spRciiuen is vcry impcrfect and they may have fallcu away. «S. vulyaris, Linn. ; DC. Prod. vi. 341 (the common Europeau Gronndsel). An annual of 6 iu. to a foot, bearing a little loose cottouy vvool, with irrcgularly piuiiatifid aiid toothcd leaves, aud small tlowcr-hcads wilh the florcts all tubular aud hennaphrodite, aud iiivolucrcs Senecio.'] LXii. composit^. 673 of about 20 bracts, has appeared as aii iiitroduced weed iu soinc parts of N. S. Waks Wvolls. 86. BEDFORDIA, DC. Flower-heads homogamous and discoid. Involucrc of nearly equal bracts- apparently in a singie row, the niargins irabricate and scarious. lleceptacle pitted. Florets all tubular, herniaphrodite, 5-toothed. Anthers obtuse at the base. Style branches somewhat flattened, very obtuse but not truncate, papillose from below the niiddle. Achenes angular or striate. Pappus of numerous denticulate bristles. — Shrubs more or less stcUate-tomentose. Leaves alternate, entire or irregularly crenate. Flower-heads axillary, soHtary or in clusters or densc panicles shorter thau the leaves. Florets yellow. The genus is limited to the tvvo spccies endemic in Aiistralia. F. Mueller has proposed to unite it with Senecio, but the stellate tomentum and axillary infloresceuce are quite uu- iinown in that extensive sieuus, and the style is almost as rauch that of some Asierece as of Senecio. The same style occurs it is true iu the Andine S. iodopappiis, Sch.-Bip., but that species, as observed by Weddel), is anomalous also in several other respects. Leaves lanceolate, mostly 3 to 5 in.long. Flower-heads in axUlary clusters or panicles 1. ^. salicina. Leaves linear, rarely above 2 in. loiig. Flower-heads solitary or 2 together 2. B. linearis. 1. B. salicina, DC. Prod. vi. 441. A shrub attaining sometimes 12 to 14 ft., the brauches, under side of the leaves, and invohicres covered with a stellate tomentum either close or loose and ahnost floccose. Leaves lan- ceolate, obtuse, 3 to 5 in. long, entire or irregularly crenate, narrowed into a petiole, ghibrous above when fuU grown, the reticuhite veinlets impressed iu the upper surface, prominent underneath. Flower-heads in axiUaiy dense panicles much shorter than the leaves. luvohicral bracts about 8, 3 to 2\ lines loug, obtuse or scarcely acuminate. Achenes giabrous, striate, with 4 or 5 prominent ribs. — Hook. Lett. on Duke Bedf. with a fig. ; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 224; Cacalia saUcina, Labill. Pl. Nov. Holl. ii. 37. t. 179; Bot. lleg. t. 923; Culcitiuni saUciuum, Spreng. Svst. iii. 431 ; Senecio Bedfordii, F. Mueh. Cat. Hort. Melb. 1858, 26. Victoria. Bullaruok forest, Wkan ; Muddy Creek, Corner Inlet, Wilhelmi. Tasmania. Port Dalrymple aud Derweut river, R. Brotvn ; cominon on the skii-ts of forests and in the brush, /. B. Hooker. 2. B. linearis, BC. Trod. vi. 4-H. A shrub of about 4 to 6 ft., the brauches, under side of the leaves, and inflorescence whitish with a stellate or floccose tomentum. Leaves rather crowded, hnear, obtuse, entire, with re- volute margms, scarcely petiolate, coriaceous, glabrous above, the veins in- conspicuous, varying in size from aU under \ in. loug in some specimens to mostly about 2 in. in others. Flower-heads sohtary or 2 together, nearly sessile and usuaUy Lirger tlian in .B. salicina. Flowers otherwise as in that species. — Hook. f. Fi. Tasui. i. 225 ; Cacalia linearis, LabiU. Pl. Nov. Hoil. ii. 36. t. 178 ; Culcilium lineare, Spreng. Syst. iii. 431 ; Senecio Bdlurdierii, F. MueU. Cat. Hort. Melb. 1858, 26. Tasmania. Port Dalryniple, R. Brown ; common especially in the central moun- tainous and southern parts of the islaiid iii rocky soil, J. D. Hooker. VOL. III. 2 X 674 LXII. COMPOSIT^. Tribe X. Calendulace/E. — Leaves alternate or radical. Flovver-lieads usually heterogamous, tlie ray-florels ligulate, female or rarely neuter, the disk-tiorets tubiilar, herraaplu'odite but sterile or rarely fertile, and very rarely in speeies uot Australian, the lieads homogamous. lleceptacle pitted, the margins of tlie pits rarely produced into iiregular scales or bristles. Authers 'usuaUy sagittate at the base but scarceiy tailed. Style-branches, in the dislc-tiorets, more or less coucrete and thickened at the base. This tribe, whicli is chiefly S. African, has thc style uearly of Ci/iiarocephaI(E, aiid oii that account has beeu associated with them uuder the geueral uame of Ci/nareo', but the habit aiid other charactcrs appear much more to counect it with Seuecionidce aud some Matisiacece. 87. CYMBONOTUS, Cass. Involiicre campauulate, at lenglh hemispherical, the bracts imbricate ia several rows, the iniier ones broader. Eeceptacle pitted, the luargius of the pits often produced into rigid points or decidiious scales. Florets of the ray ligulate, female ; dislc-florets tubular, hermaplu"odite, sometimes sterile. Anthers shortly sagittate but searcely tailed. Style-branches rather broad, less concrete than usual in the tribe but erect or scarcely spreading. Aehenes oblong, glabrous, smooth on the inner face, with 3 or 5 )n'oraiuent ribs on the back and sides. Pappus none. — Perennial -wilh tootlied or pinnatifid radical leaves and single-headed leafless scapes. The genus is limited to the single species eudemic iu Australia. 1. G. Inawsonianus, Gaudieh. in Freyc. 'Voy. Bot. 4G2. t. 86. A perenuial cither stendess or with very short tufled stems. Leavcs radical, spreading, ou loug Detioles. ovate. coarsely toothed and 2 or 3 in. long or longer and lyrately pinuatifid, thin, green and somewhat scabrous above, cottouy-white underneath. Scapes or peduucles shorter than the leaves and sometiraes vcry short, cottouy-white as well as the involucres. Involucre at lengtli about \ in. diauieter. Eay-florets yellow, spreading ; disk-florets shorter than the iuvolucre. — DC. Prod. vi. 491 ; Sond. iu Linnsea, xxv. 528 ; Hook. f. Fl. Tasui. i. 226; C. Preisdanus, Steetz in Pl. Prciss. i. 486. W. S. Wales. Port .Jackson, R. Broton; Glendou, Leichhardt ; Twofold Bay, H. BrmvH. Victoria. Commoa about Melboui'ne, Adamson, Roberfson, F. Mueller ; Statiou Peak, Herb. F. Miwller. Tasmania. xXbundant throughout the island, J. D. Ilooker. S. Australia. Near Adelaide, F. Mneller. Vi^. Australia. Grassy places, Mouut Barker, and Upper Kalgan river, Oldfield ; also Drummond aud Freiss, n. 130. 88. CRYPTOSTEMMA, R. Br. Tnvolucre broadly hemispherical, the bracts irabricate in several rows, the innermost row with much longer lanceolate mcnd)ranous tips. Ileceptacle pitted, without bristles or scales. Florets of tbe ray ligidate, neuter. Disk- florets short, hcrinai)hrodite, tubular, 5-tootlied. Anthers sagittate at the base but scatcely tailed. Style branches thickened and coucrete nearly to the Cryptostem^na.'] LXii. coMPOSlTiE. 675 end. Acheues of the ray abortive, of the (iisk obloiig, densely enveloped in aii intricate wool. Pappns of about (5 to 8 shorl, lanceolate scales concealed in the wool. — Pereuuial witli radical or alternate leaves, pinnatitid orpiunately divided. Scaiies or pedunclcs siugle-headed. The geuus consists of but two species, both South Afriean, one of theui the same as the Australian one. It is very closely ailied to Arciotis, scarcely ditleriug e.Kcept in the pappus. 1. C. calendulacea, R. Br. ; J)C. Prod. vi. 495. A pereunial usually tufted and alniost steiuless, tlie leafy prostrate stems souietimes hovvever leugtheniug out especially under cultivation. Leaves 3 to 6 in. long, deeply pinnatitid or pinuately divided iuto oblong or lanceolate acutely tootlied or lobed segraents, glabrons or scabrous above, cottouy-whitc uiulerueatli. Scapes or pednucles leafless, 1-headed, glandular, rarely exceeding the radical leaves aud often sliorter thau them. Involucre 7 to 8 lines diameter, ghi- brous or slightly cottony. Ray-florets yellow, the lignla narrow, ^ to 1 iu. long. Disk purple. — Harv. and Soud. Pl. Cap. iii. 467 ; Steetz in Pl. Preiss. i. 487. Victoria. ('onimon about iVrelbourne, the whole pastures strewed with its woolly acheues like pellets iu autumn, Adiviison. Tasmania. Introduced about Hobartou, Gumi. S. Australia. Very common on roadsides about Adelaide, F. Miieller. ■W. Australia. Very abundant about Perth, where it occurs sonietimes wilh double flowei's, the ray-florets variously divided or much increased in number, Preiss, n. 12'J. The speoies is South African, and may have been introduced into .\ustralia froui the Cape. The followiug CaJendidacem have also been seut froui Austraiia as introduced weeds : — Tripleyis clandestiiw, Less. ; Harv. aud Soud. Fl. Cap. iii. 428. An erect bi-auchiug slightly pubesceut anuual of 1 to 2 ft. Lcaves obioug or ianccolate, tlic lower ones ])etiolate and siuuate-toothed, the upper ones sniall distant sessile or stcm-claspiug. Flower-heads aii noddiug at the ends of tbe brauchcs. Involucral bracts n utow, ali equal in a siugle row with scabrous ceutres and scarious marsiius. Reeeptacles without scales. Itay-florets liguiate, female, the liguite scarcciy exceediug the iuvoiucre. Disk-florets tubular, herrna- phrodite, but steriie. Achenes of the ray with 3 angles produced iuto broad iongitudinai scarious wings. Pappus noue. Dislc-achenes abortive. — T. atropurpurea , Turcz. in Buli. Mosc. 18.51, i. 212. — W. Australia, Drnmmond, S?-d CoU. n. 131. Probably iutroduced from the Cape. CalendnJa officiiialis, Linn. ; DC. Prod. vi. 451. An erect or spreadiug much-branched auuual of aboul 1 ft., green, pubesceiit aud more or iess glandular. Lowcr ieaves spathu- late, upper ones ianceolate or obloug, eiitire or slightly toothed, stem-cluspiug at the base. Flower-iieads termiual. l\ay-florets ligulate, fcmale, much ionger thau the iuvolucre, of an orange-yeiiow. Disk-florets tubuiar, hermaphrodite but steriie. Achencs of the ray in 2 or 3 rows, eionirated and iucurved, the inncr face smooth, the margins of the outer ones diiatcd with a ridge of tubercles or prickles along the ceutre of the back. — .\ S. FCuropean species introduced about Adelaide, from whencc is aiso, iu Herb. F. ^Mueller, a singie specimeu of C. arvensis, Liun., a species or varicty distiuguished by its much smaller llower-heads and smaiier achenes, the outermost ones narrow and eiongated, the others very much .shorter aud broader. Tribe XI. ]\IUTisiACE/E. — Lcaves alternate. Plower-lieads eithcr hetero- gamous with radiating femak^ florets or homogaraous with tubular Horets, some or all of the outer florets in all cases niore or less 2-lipped. Eeccptacle mostly without scales. Anthers point(;d or tailed at tbe base. Styie usually thickened under the branehes wliich are erect, truncate aud often sliort as in the Ciilendidncece, more rnrely clongated and obtuse, almost as in Sfnpcinnid^. ■2 X i 676 LXII. COMPOSITvE. 89. AMBLYSPERMA, Benth. Involucre broadly hemispherical, the bracts irabricate in several rowSj the outer ones gradually shorter. Eeceptacle vrithout scales. Ray-florets fe- niale, ligulate, with an upper lip divided to the base into 2 tiliform segments ; disk-fiorets tubular, hermaphrodite, 5-lobed. Anthers with h)ug tails. Styh^-branches elongated, obtuse. Achenes short, thick, villous. Pappus of numerous rather rigid capillaiy bristles. PerenniaL Leaves radical. Scapes leafiess, single-headed. The genus is limited to a single species eademic in Australia, and the only representative there of a tribe numerous in species in South America, with a few African aud tropical Asiatic ones. 1. A, scapigera, Benth. in Hueg. Emm. 67. A pereunial with a tufted woolly stock. Leaves all radical, from ovate to narrow-oblong, 1 to 3 in. loug, besides the long petioles, obtuse, sinuate, shortly and broadly lobed or almost lyrate, cottouy-white iinderneath, siuTounded at the base by the per- sistent wooUy remaius of old petioles. Scapes simple, 1 to 2 ft. liigh, beai- ing a few small bracts and a large terminalfiower-head. Involucre f to l^ in. diameter, raore or less covered with white wool, the bracts lanceolate acnmi- nate. Florets of the ray 12 to 20, the lower lip or ligula above 1 in. long, the filiform segments of the upper not half so long, the anthers preseut but iraperfect. Disk-florets nmnerous, as long as the iuvolucre, the lobes linear. Anther-tails slightly bearded at the end. — DC. Prod. vii. 20 ; Steetz in Pl. Preiss. i. 487 ; Gelmisia spathulata, A. Cunn. in DC. Prod. v. 209. W. Anstralia. King Gporge's Souud and theuce to Cape Riche, JSnegel, A. Cunning- liam, Preiss, n. 04, Drummond, n. 389, and others ; Tone river, Maxwell ; Mm-ray river, Oldjield. Tribe XII. CiCHORiACE^. — Leavcs alternate. Flower-heads homoga- mous, with all the fiowers ligulate. 90. MICROSERIS, Don. (iMonermios, //oo/^.y. ; Phyllopappus, IFatp.) [nvolucre of several nearly equal bracts in about 2 rdws with a few short imbricate ones outside. Receptacle without scales. Florets all ligulate. Achenes cylindrical with smooth lougitudiual ribs, not beaked. Pappus of linear cliaffy flat scales in about 2 rows taperiug into simple or shortly plu- mose bristles. — Herbs with radical usually pinuatifid leaves. Scapcs leafless, single-headed. Florets yellow. Besides the Australian species which extends to New Zealaud, there is a closcly-allied one from extratropical S. America. 1. M. Forsteri, Hook. f. Ft. Nov. Zel. i. 151, and Fl. Tasm. i. 226. t. 66. A gIal)rous pei"ennial with fleshy roots thickened into tubers and a railky juice. Leaves radical, attaining 8 to 10 in. in luxuriant speciraens, but ofteu not half so long, narro\y-IanceoIate or linear, cntire or pinnatifld with shovt distant lobes. Scapes exceeding the leaves. Involucre 6 to 8 lines long in most Australian specimens. Florets exceeding the involucre. Pappus- Microseris.] Lxii. composit.k. fi77 bristles or scales in the comnionest form not rauch dilated in thc lowcr part and only very minutely scrruhite. — Scorzonera scapiyera, Forst. Prod. 91 ; Scorzonera (Mouermios) Laioreucii, Hook. f. in Hook. Lond. Journ. vi. 124 ; Phi/llopappm lanceolatus, Walp. iii Linnfea, xiv. 507 ; Sond. in LinmEa, xxv. 529. N. S. Wales. Goulbiu-n plains, A. Canningliam ; Nangas, M^Arthur ; New England, C. StiiK.rt. Victoria. Common abont Mclbourne and to the Glenelg, Rohertson, F. Mueller, and others ; Skipton, Whan ; Mount Remarkable, Delatite river, F. Mv.eUer. Tasmania. Derwent river, R. Brown ; abundant in good soil in many paits of the island, .1. D. Hooker. S. Australia. Reedy Creek and Guichen Bay, F. Mueller. Also in New Zealand. Var. ? subjilumosa. Pappus-bristles strongly ciliate, almost phimosc. I can perceive no othcr difFerence. W. Australia, Drummond, Wi Coll. n. 366 ; Scott's Brook, near Cape Arid, Maxwell. 91. HYPOCHCERIS, Linn. (Cycnoseris, Endl.) Involucre broad or narrow, often elongated after flowcring, the bracts im- bricate. Receptacles with a few linear chafly scales between the ttorets. Florets all ligulate. Achenes usually striate, all or the inner ones only tapering into a slender beak bearing a pappus of pluraose bristles.— Annuals or perenuials. Leaves radical. Stems simple or with a few long branches, leafless or nearly so. Florets yeilow. The genus is spread over the northern hemisphere, extending also to extratropical South America. The only Australian species is found nearly over the whole range of the geuas. 1. H. glabra, Linn. ; DC. Prod. v\\. 90. A glabrous annual. Leaves aU radical, narrow, spreading, more or less toothed or pinnately lobed. Stems 6 in. to 1 ft. high, usually divided iuto a few slender branches, leafless except small scales at the base of the branches. Flower-hcads solitary at the ends of the branches. Involucre cylindrical, at first small, but lengthening out to from |^ to f in. wlien in fruit, of a few imbricated bracts, tlie outer ones sliort and appressed. Achenes striate and transversely pitted, tlie pappus of the outer ones sessile, that of the others borne on a long beak ter- minatingthe achene. — Steetz in Pl. Preiss. i. 488 ; Gycnoseris australis, Endl. in Bot. Zeit. 1843,459. N. S. Wales. Paramatta, Woolls. "Victorla., Eobertson ; near Skipton, Whan ; Wimmerd, Battachi/. Tasmania, Gunn ; Flinders Isiand, Miliujan. S. Australia. Common, F. MneJIer and others. W. Australia. Kalgau river, Oldjield ; Swan lliver, Dnunmond, n. 74, Preiss, n. 119. U. radiata, Liun. ; DC. Prod. vii. 91. A pereunial resembliug II. glabAi, but taller, with larger flower-heads, the leavcs hispid, and all the achencs termiuating in a sicnder beak bearint!; the pappus, a common Enropean species, is amougst the introduccd plants in the ncighbourhood of Paramatta, Woolls. 92. PICRIS, Linn. Involucre of several nearly eciual crcct inner bracts, witli 2 or 3 rows of 678 LXII. C0MPuSlT.«. [Ficris. smaller outer oues, usually spreadiug. Receptacle without scales. Florets all ligulate. Acheues transversely striate or niuricate, not at all or very shortiy beaked. Pappus of whitish tine bristles, of which the inner ones at leasG are pluniose. — (Joarse hispid annuals. Leaves alternate, toothed. Flower- heads in a loose irregular corynib. Florets yellow. A genus coiitaiiiing but few species, natives of the tcmperate and subtropical rcgions of the iiorthern hemisphere iii Ihe Old World, one of which is also the Australian one, and is found as an introduccd plaut iu othcr parts of the vvorld. 1. P. hieracioides, Liun.; DC. Prod. vii. 128. A biennial froni 1 to 2 or 3 ft. high, covered with short rough hairs, most of which are nnnutely hooked so as to cling to whatever they conie in contact with, but rather less so in soine of the Australian than in the northern s]jeciniens. Leaves lanceo- late or, especially in Australian specimens, linear, the lowerones taperinginto a petiole, and often 6 in. long or more, the upper ones few and small. Pe- duncles rather long aud stiff, the upper ones soiuetimes irregularly umbellate. Livolucres from uuder \ in. to nearly f in, long. Acheiies very strongly transversely striate or muricate, usually contracted under the pappus or taper- ing into a very short beak. Pappus-bristles usually very plumose, except a few of the outer ones of each achene. — Hook. f. Fl. Tasra. i. 227 ; P. angu&- tifolia, DC. Prod. vii. 130 ; Sond. iu Linusea, xxv. 529 ; P. attenuata, A. Cunn. in Ann. Nat. Hist. ii. 125 ; P. bnrbaroritm, Lindl. in Mitch. Three Exped. ii. 149, aud iu Bot. Reg. 1838, Misc. 58; P. <7s/yem»?rt, Lindl. in Bot. Eeg. 1838, Misc. 5S ; P. hamnlosa, Wall. ; DC. Prod. vii. 129. Queensland. Shoalvvater Bay, iJ. .Fro?o« ; 'Movtiow lA-dwH, JWGillivrat/ ; Rockhamp- ton, Dallachy. N. S. "Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown, Voolls ; Macleay, Clarcnce, and Hastings i-ivcrs, Btckler ; Xevv Eugland, C. Sluaii ; iiorth of Bathurst, A. Cunningham ; Lacldaii and Parling rivcrs, Victorian Expedition. Victoria. About Melbourne, Adamson ; AVimmcra, BaUach;/. Tasmania. Port Dahymple, R. Broion ; comniou in the uorthern parts of the island, J. D. Hooker. S. Ausstralia. Port Lineoln, J?. Browv, Wilhelmi ; Murray rivcr to St. Vincenfs Gnlf, F. Miieller aud others ; Kangaroo Island, Waterliouse. ■W. Australia. Svvau River, Bruinmond, \st Coll. also Mh Coll. n. 216; Caijcl aud Blaclcvvood i-ivers, Oldjield. Var. sqaarrosa. .More hispid, with larger flovver-heads and more nuuierous rccurved outer involucral bracts. — P. squarrosa, Stcetz iu Pl. Preiss i. 4S8 ; Sond. iu Linnaea, xxv. 529. — Port Phiilip, Gunn ; S. Australia, F. Mueller aud othevs, and various parts of W. Anstralia, Drumniond, Preiss, v. 108, Oidfiehl, Maxwell. Tiic species is very couimon iu the nortbern hemisphcre iu the Old V^'orId, f.nl has uiuch spread witb cuitivation in other couutrics. It niay thcrelbrc bc au introducedplaut iu many of tlie Australiau localitics. lu others hovvcvcr Ibere is every probability of its being trnly indigenous. V, 98. CREPIS, Linn. (Youugia, DC.) Jnvolucre of a single row of nearly e(|u;d bracts, witli a few smali outer ones. Receptarle witliout scales. Florets all liguhtte. Achenes oblono-, cyliiulrical or scarcely tiattened, striate, tiipering at the toj', l)ut without a dis- Crepis.] LXii. coMrosrr^. 679 tinct beak. Pappus of uunieroiis tine wliite soft simple bristles. — Annual or pc'rennial herbs, usually brauched. Leaves alternate or radical, inostly toothed or lobed. FLiwer-heads in loose irregular corymbs or panicles. Florets yellow. A large genus, vvidely di&tributcd over the temperate rcgious of the uorthern hemi- sphere, with a few subtropical specics, the ouly Australian one extendiug into tropical and Eastera Asia. 1. C. japonica, Benth. Fl. Hongk. 194. An erect slender annual, 6 iu. to uear 1 ft. hiyh, glabrous or sligbtly pubesceut or liairy uear the base. Leaves mostly radical, petiolate, varying from obovate, uearly eutire and 1 to 2 in. loug, to lyrate ur piunalifid, 2 to 4 in. loug, witlia large terniinal toothed lobe. Steiu-leaves few or iu tlie Australiau specimens usually uone. Panicle slender, ioosely corymbose. Flower-heads suudl, numerous. Involucres about 2^ liues long, contaiuing 10 to 15 small yellow tlorets. — Prenanthes japoiilca, Linn. ; Yonngia japonica, DC. Prod. vii. 194,iilso J'. Thunbergiutia, aud some others of DC. See A. Gray ia Mem. Anier. Acad. vi. 396. Queensland. Shoalwater Bay, R. Broioi ; Dawson river, F. MaeVer ; Dunk Island, M^GlUicraij ,• Rockhiimptou, Thozet, Datlaciiy. N. S. 'VS^ales. Hunter's and Grose rivers. R- Browii ; Macleay aud llastings rivers. Becf.icr. The species is couimon in India, and extends on the one haud to Ceylon and the Mauri- tius, and on the other to China and Japan. 94. SONCHUS, Liun. Involucre ovoid, with imbricate bracts, aud usually becoming conical after flowering. Eeceptacle without scales. Florets all ligulate. Achenes flattened and striate, hot beaked. Pappus of numerous tine bristles, usually soft and white. — Herbs either auuual or iu species not Australiau perennial or shrubby. Leaves alternate, usually toothed or lobed. Flower-heatls small or large in loose corymbs or pauicles. Florets yellow or (in species sometimes separated. from the geuus) blue. A considerable geuus, ranging over the temperate regions of the northern hemisphcre, the Australian species exteudiug over the whole rauge of the geuus, aud iutroduced iuto almost cvery part of the world. 1. S. oleraceus, Linn. Spec. 1116. An erect aunual, with a hollow stem, ] to o or even 4 ft. high. Leaves thiu, borHered by irregular acute or prickly teeth, otherwise either uudivided or pinuatifid with a broad heart- shaped or triaiigular terminal lobe, the upper ones naiTOW and clasping the stem with short auricles. Flower-heads in a short corymbose tcrniinal iwnicle, sometimes almost umbellate. Florets of a pale yellow. — Steetz iu Pl. Preiss. i. 489 ; S. asptr, Fuchs ; llook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 227 ; Steetz in Pl. Preiss. i. 489 ; S. ciliatus, Lam., and S.fultax, Wallr., DC. Prod. vii. 185. N. S. '^Vales. Port Jacksou, R. Browu, Woolls ; Ilastings and Clareuce rivers, Bectiter. Victoria. Near Skiptou, Whan. Tasmania. Port Uah-ymple, R. Brown ; commou, but ouly uear the sea aud oa the north shore of thc islaud, •/. D. Honlcer. 680 Lxii. coMPosiT/E. [Sonc/ius. S. Australia. Mount Gambier, Bugle Range, Torrens river, etc., F. Mueller ; towanls Spcncer's Gulf, Wafer/iotese. W. Australia. Swan River, Drummond, n. 75, 317, Preiss, )i. 116, 117 ; Don river, Maxicell ; Murcliisiui river, Oldfield. A weed of cultivation, probably inclisrenous to Europe and temperate Asia, but now dis- tributcd ovcr the greatcr part of the globe and perhaps truly indigenous in Australia. There are two markcd varietics ; in the one (-S'. asper) the ribs of the achencs are pcrfcctly smooth ; in thc other, for which the namc of S. oleracetfs is more specially rctained, thcy are marked with transverse asperities. Both occur in Australia, as also a maritime variety with the flowers almost as large as in S. arvensis, but without the glaiidular hispid involucres of that species. The following European Cichoriacece are amongst the introduced weeds in somc of thc Australian eolonies. Anwseris pusilla, Gsertn. ; DC. Prod. vii. 79 {Lapsana pusilla, Willd.). A small aununl, glabrous or nearly so. Leaves all radical, obovate or oblong, toothed. Flowcv-stalks slightly branched, leaflcss, the crect branches or peduncles enlarged and hollow upwards, each bear- ing a sinall head of yellow tiorets, ali ligulate. Involucre of fcw nearly ccpial bracts with somc vcry sinall outer oncs. Achenes crowned only by a ininute raised bordcr. — Tasmania, so much spread as to be apparently iudigenous, J. D. Ilooker. Cichoriiun Inti/bus, Liun.; DC. Prod. vii. 84 {Succori/ or Chicory). A perennial, more or less hairy, erect with stiff spreading branches. Radical leaves spreading on the ground and lower stem-Ieaves pinnatifid with a large terrainal lobe, upperleaves small and less cut. Flower-heads in closely sessile clusters of 2 or 3 along the branclies, with large florets, all ligulate, of a bright blue. Involucre of few nearly equal bracts, with a few small outcr ones. Achenes crowncd by a ring of minute scalcs. — S. Australia, F. Mueller. Leontodon hirtus, Liuii. {Thrincia hirta, DC. Prod vii. 99). A small herb with a per- ennial stock. Leavcs all radical, oblong or linear, toothed, sinuatc or pinnatifid. Scapes seldoiu above 6 in. high, bearing a singlc hcad of rather small yellow florets, all ligulate. In- volucre of about 10 to 12 nearly ecjual bracts with a very fcw or scarcely auy small outer oncs. Achenes slightly tapering at the top, thosc of thc outcr row with a vcry short scaly pappus, the others of brownish pluraose bristlcs. — Near Paramatta, Woolls. Tracjopogon porrifoIius,\AWi.; DC. Prod. vii. \\% {Salsifij). A glabrous bicnnial or percunial of 1 to 2 ft., with a taproot. Radical and lower leaves long and grasslike, entire, shortly dilated and sheathiug at the basc, the iipper oncs shortcr and broader. Peduncles long, thickeued at tbe summit, each with a siugle head of purjdc fiorets. Iiivolucre of 8 to 12 nearly ecpial bracts louger than the florets. Acheues uarrowed into a loiig bcak, bearing a pappus of fcathery bristlcs. — Xow sprcading in thc cultivated fielJs ucar Camdeu, Woolls. Lactuca saligna, Linn. ; DC. Prod. vii. 136. An erect stifl" glabrous aunual or biennial of 2 or 3 ft. Leaves narrow, crect, clasping the steni with pointed auricles, cntirc or with few teeth or narrow lobes. Flower-heads rather small, clustered on the short branches of a simple panicle. Involucre narrow, 4 or 5 lines long, of a few imbricate bracts. Florets 6 lo 10, cjf a pale yellow, all ligulatc. Achenes much flattened, obovate-oblong, pi'oduccd into a sleudcr beak two or threc times their own length and bearing a pappus of uumerous white silky simple bristlcs. — .^nstralia Fclix, F. Mueller. Taro.racum Bsns-leonis, Deaf. ; DC. Prod. vii. 145 (including alsopcrhaps the whole 25 supposed species of De Candolle's § 2) {Dandelion). A pcrcuuial with a thick bitter tap- root. Leaves radical, varying from linear-Iauceolate and almost eutire to deeply piuuatifid, the lobes oftcn curved downwards. Scapcs lcafless, rarcly exeeeding 6 in., bcaring a single ratlier large flower-head. Involucrc of several ncarly equal bracts with soine smaller outer inibricate ones ofteu recurvcd. Florets ycliow, all ligulatc. Achencs scarc-cly compressed, striate, tapcring into a slcndcr beak t.vo or three timcs their own leiigth and bearing a pappus of numerous siinple hairs. — Xow common about ^relbournc aiid in the plains of thc Avou, F. Mueller ; also in Tasmania, and in AVest Australia, Drummond, n. 367. 681 INDEX OF GENERA AND SPKCTES. The sijnonyms and species incidentalhj mentioned are printed in ilaJics. Abrotauella .... forsterioicles, Hook.f. nivigeua, F. Muell. . scapigera, F. Mnell. . Acanthocladiuw Bockcrii, F. Sluell. . Achromolana viscosa, Cass. . . . Achnjsum ylomeratum, A. Gray . Aciphylla glacialis, F. Muell. procumbens, F. Muell. simplicifolia, F. Muell. Acmena fiorihunda, DC . Kingii, G. Don Acomis macra, F. Muell. . Rutidosis, F. Muell. . A croclinium multicauJe, A. Gray . pki/tlocephalum ,A..Gr^\ roseum, Hook. . rribellum, A. Gray Actinodiuin .... Cunninghamii, Schau. proliferum, Turcz. Acttnopappus Drummondii, A. Gray perpusillus, Hook. f. . Actinotus bellidioidcs, Benth. . gloraeratus, Bentk. . Heliauthi, Lahill. . leucocephalus, Benth. minor, BC oinnifertilis, F. Muell. i'homboideus, Bcnth. . Adenostemnia .... brasiliense, DC. . triangulare, DC. . . Page 553 554 55* 554 626 587 576 374 375 375 375 283 283 591 591 591 642 602 640 641 5 5 6 595 595 367 369 369 367 368 368 368 368 462 463 463 viscosum, Forst. Ageratum . conyzoides, Linn. Agonis .... angustifolia, Schau. . conspicua, Schau. . flesuosa, Schau. floribunda, Turcz. . grandiflora, Benth. hypericifolia, Schau. . juniperiua, Schau. . . linearifolia, Schau. margioata, Schau. parviceps, Schau. . spathulata, Schau. theffiformis, Schau. unduhita, Benth. . Aizoon quadrifidum, F. Muell. .\nibl\ sperma . . . . scapigera, Benth. . Ameletia diandra, F. JMuell. . Ammaunia aurieulata, Willd. . australasica, F. ]\Iuell. crinipcs, F. Muell. diandra, F. Muell. . illecebroides, Arn. indica, Lam. microcarpa, DC. . . multiflora, Ro.rh. . , ])eutandra, Ro.rb. . . Rotala, F. Muell. . . triflora, R. Br. . . vesicatoria, lloxb. Ammi majus, Linn. Ammobiuui . . . . alatura, R. Br. craspedioides, Benth. . spathulatum, Gaud. 462 462 462 96 98 98 99 97 100 100 98 98 98 99 97 100 100 326 327 676 676 296 295 297 298 296 296 296 297 298 298 296 295 297 297 336 583 583 584 584 Page Anacgclus australis, Sieb, . . 550 Ancistrostigma cypseleoides, Fenzl . 331 Angianthus . . . .560 amplexieaulis, Beiith. 568 brachypappu8,F..M^«i?//.563 Cunninghaniii, Benth. 565 demissus, Benth. . Druraraondii, Benth. eriocephalus, Benth. . fiavescens, Steetz . globifer, Bentl/. humifusus, Benth. mierocephalus, Benth. mieropoides, Benth. Milnei, Benth. . . myosuroides, Benth. . ])hyllorephalus, Benth. 565 platycephalus, Benth. 566 pleuropappus, Benth. pluraiger, Benth. . Pi'eissianus, Benth. pusiEus, Benth. . pygmreus, Benth. . strictus, Benth. tenellus, Benth. . tomentosus, Wendl. 567 566 567 562 567 563 566 565 564 563 563 568 566 564 567 568 564 562 Angophora 183 cordifolia, Cav. . .183 intermedia, BC. . . 184 lanceolata, Cav. . .184 subvelutina, F. Muell. 1 84 velutina, F. Muell. . 184 Anisolepis Pyrethruniy Steetz . 642 Antennaria .... 651 nuhigena, F. Muell. . 651 uniceps, F. Muell. . 652 Antheidosorus gracilis, A. Gray . .559 Anthemis 682 INDEX OP GICNEUA AND SPECIES. Pajre Cotula, Limi. . . . 547 Anthocerastes Drummoudil, A. Gray 592 Maelleri, Soud. . .592 Antirrhsea .... 418 teuuifloia, F. Muell. 418 Apalochlamys Billardieri, DC. . .588 Endlicheri, DC. . . 588 Kerii, DC 588 Apium 371 australe, Thmi. . . 372 leptopbyllum,F.;7/tfe//. 372 prostratum, Labill. . 372 Aplopappus bellidioides, Hook. f. 494 Gunnii, Hook. f. . . 494 pappochroma, Hook. f. 494 siellatus, Hook. f. . 494 tasmanicus, Hook. f. 494 Aplotaxis candicans, DC. . . 456 carthamoides, Haiii. . 456 foliosa, EJgew. . .456 mullicaulis, DC. . . 456 Aralia Moorei, F. Muell. . 385 Aryyrogloitis turbinata, Turcz. . . 626 Argyrophanes Behrii, ScLlecht. . .018 Arnoseris ■ pusilla, Gcerin. . . 680 Asperula 443 conferta, Hook.f. . 444 geminifolia, F. Muell. 443 Guuuii, Hook.f. . . 445 miuima, Hook. f. . 445 pusilla, Hook. f. . . 445 scoparia, Hook.f. . 444 subsiraplex, Hook.f. 444 Astartea 89 ambigua, ¥. Muell. . 89 aspera, Schau. . . 90 corniealata, Suiiau. . 90 Endlicheri ana, Schau. 90 fasciculari', flC. . . 90 glomerulosa, Schau. . 90 intratro|)ica, F. Muelt. 90 laricifolia, Schau. . 90 leplophglla, Schau. . 90 scoparia, Schau. . . 90 Aster aculeatus, Labill. . 477 adenolasius, F. Muell. 4S0 adenophorus, F. Mucll. 480 nlpicola, F. Mucll. . 468 Page argophyllus, Labill. . 470 argutus, R. Br. . . 488 a/-ifmmojV/£'*,F.Mucli. 475 asterotrich «*, F. M ueLl. 4 7 3 a.villaris, F. Muell. .475 Behrii, Schlecht. . .491 brachycomoides, F. M. 490 Cassiniie, F. IMuell, . 479 Celmisia, F. MuelJ. . 489 conoceyhalus, F. M. 480 cyanodiscus, F. Muell. 479 cydonicefolius, A. C. . 470 dentatus, Audr. . . 472 erubescens, Sieb. . .471 exasperaius, Liuk. . 477 exiguifolius, F. Muell.478 exilifolius, F. MueU. 476 exul, Lindl. . . . 487 Ferresii, F. Muell. . 487 ferrugineus, AVendl. . 472 florulenius, F. Muell. 477 glandulos us, Labill. . 484 glutescens, F. MueU. 482 gravis, F. JMuell. . . 474 hfleophilus,¥.m.Md\. 484 Heynei, F. Muell. . 486 homolepis, F. Muell. 486 Huegelii, F. Muell. . 488 illitus, F. MueW. . . 483 iodochrous, F'. MueU. 480 ledifolius, A. Cunn. . 472 Lehmanni, F. Muell. 484 lepidophyUus, Pers. . 478 liratus, Sims . . . 473 magnijlorus, F. M. . 481 megalophyllus, I'\ M. 468 microphylius, LabiU. 478 m.icrophyllus, Veut. . 477 muricatus, Y. Muell. . 484 myrsinoides, Labill. . 471 Nernstii, F. INIuell. . 474 obcordatus, F. MueU. 471 orarius, F. Muell. . 482 pannosus, F. MueU. . 469 paucideuiatus, F. M. 485 phlogopappus, Labill. 473 phlogotrichus, Spreng. 473 pinifolius, F. Muell. 472 Freissii, F. Muell. . 484 quercifolius, Sieb. . 473 ramulosus, Labill. . 477 ISiemssenii, F. Muell. 475 Sonderi, F. Muell. . 469 Sieetzii, F. Muell. . 485 stellulatus, Labill. . 473 Stuariii, F. Muell. . 481 teretifolius, F. Muell. 483 Page tomentosus, Schrad. . 472 tnbuliflorus, F. MueU. 475 Turczaninoicii, F. ^I. 483 vernicosus, F. Muell. 482 viscosus, Labill. . . 469 xerophilus, F\ Muell. 486 Asteridia gracilis, A. Gray . .599 inulticeps, A. Gray . 600 pulverulenta, Lindl. . 599 stricta, A.. Gray . . 600 Asteromyrius Gcertneri, Schau. . . 139 Asteropsis macrocephala, Less. . 493 Asirtea saxicola, Schau. . . 59 Astrotriche .... 379 asperifolia, F\ Muell. 380 lloccosa, DC. . . . 379 hoveoides, A. Cunn. . 380 latifolia, Benth. . . 380 ledifolia, D6'. . . .380 liiiearis, A. Cunu. . 380 lougifolia, Benih. . 380 pterocarpa, Benth. . 379 Atbrixia 598 australis, Steeiz . . 599 gracilis, Benih. . . 599 multiceps, Benih. . 599 strieta, Benlh. . . 600 tenella, Benth. . . 600 Atkiusonia .... 388 ligustriua, F. MuelL . 388 Azorella 364 compressa, Labill. . 353 cuneifolia, E. Mnell. 365 dichopetala, Benth. . 365 lanceolata, Labill. . 357 linearifolia, Cav. . . 356 Muelleri, Benih. . . 364 ovata, Labiil. . . . 357 saxifraga, Benih. . . 365 Babingtonia camphorosma;, Lindl. 86 corynophylla, F. M. . 85 crispiflora, F. Muell. 85 densifolia, F. Muell. 83 gracilis, F. Mu"U. . 84 Novo-anglica, F. M. 83 ovalifoiia,Y MneU. . 88 pentagonaniha, F. M. 88 pentandra, F. Mnell. 87 Preissiana, F. Mueli. 87 robusta, F. Mueil. . 88 subcuneaia. F. iMuell. 89 INDEX or GENEllA AND SPECIES, 683 Page virgata, F. Mnell. . 82 Baccharis leindophijUa, DC. . 633 Backhousia .... 269 angustifolia, F. Muell. 270 citriodora, V. Muell. . 270 rnyrtitblia, Uook. and Harv 269 rijiaria, Ilooiv. . . 270 sciadopliora, F. Muell. 270 Bsecl^ea .... 71 affi7iis, Eadl. ... 90 ujfinis, liooii. f. . . 76 atpiria, Liudl. ... 76 arbuscula, R. Br. . 79 astartioides, Benth. . 80 Behrii, F. Mtiell. . . 83 brevifolia, DC. . . 78 cali/cina, Liiidl. . . 62 camphorata, R. Br. . 81 camphorosuia;, Endl. 86 carnosula, Sieb. . . 78 corjmbulosa, Benth. 87 corjnophylla, F. M. . 84 crassitoiia, Lindl. . 76 crenatitblia, F. Muell. 82 crenulata, BC. . . 78 crispitiora, F. Muell. 85 Cuuuinghamii, Benth. 82 deusifolia, Sm. . . 82 difFusa, .Su'^. ... 76 diniorphandra, F. M. 74 diosuiitolia, Riidge . 79 diosinoides, Sieb. . . 78 Druinmondii, Benth. 75 ericsea, F. Miiell. . . 77 fasctculata, Sieb. . . 83 floribuuda, Benth. . 87 Fumana, F. Muell. . 74 graudiiiora, Benth. . 89 Gunniana, Schau. . . 78 involucrata, Eudl. . 68 leplocali/x, V. Muell. 66 leptocaulis, Hook,f. 79 liuitblia, Riidge . . 80 micrantha, DC. . . 61 micrantha, Uook. f. . 79 microphj/lla, Sieb. . 65 Novo-anglica, F. M. 83 obocata, DC. . . 68, 70 ovalifolia, F. Muell. . 88 oxycoccoides, Benth. 75 pachypliylla, Benth. . 85 parvula, DC. ... 82 peutagonautha, F. 31. 87 pentandra, F. Muell. 87 phylicoides, A. Cuuu. 115 Page platystemona, Benth. 74 plicata, F. MueU. . 65 polyaudra, F. Muell. . 84 polystemoua, i^. 3/«e//. 77 prosfrafa, Hook. f. . 76 pulchella, DC. . . 86 pygmtca, R. Br. . . 86 robusta, F. Muell. . 88 saxicola, A. Cuun. . 59 schollerifolia, Lehin. . 75 spinosa, Sieb. ... 89 steuopliylla, F. Muell. 80 subcuucata, F. Muell. 88 tetragona, F. Muell. 77 thgmifolia, Hook. f. . 76 frichojjhylla, Sieb. . 80 umbellata, Y. Muell. . 82 uucinella, Benth. . . 84 titilis, F. Muell. . . 79 virgata, Andr. . . 81 Balaustion .... 95 pulcherrimura, Hook. 96 Balbisia CaledonicB, Spreng. . 469 Barringtouia .... 287 acutangula, Gcerfn. . 288 speciosa, Linn.f. . 288 Beaufortia 164 auisaudra, (Sc/ia?^. . 167 cyrtodonta, Benth. . 1 67 Dampieri, A. Cunn. . 168 decussata, R. Br. . 166 elegaus, Schau. . . 169 empetrifolia, Schau. . 170 inops, Schau. . . .171 luacrosteniou, Lindl. 167 micrantha, Schau. . 169 rnicrophglla, Tm'cz. . 169 orbiiolia, F. Muell. . 166 ' purpurea, Lindl. . . 168 Schaueri, Preiss . . 168 sparsa, R. Br. . . .165 spiendens, Paxt. . .165 squarrosa, Schau. . 166- Bedfordia 673 liuearis, BC. . . . 673 saliciua, BC. . . . 673 BeUis aculeata, Labill. . .518 ciliaris, Labill. . . 519 graminea, LabiU. . 514 stipitata, Labill. . . 507 Bideus 542 bipiunata, Linn. . . 543 denudafa, Tai'Ci!. . 544 pilosa, Lmn. . . . 543 repens, Dou . . 543 Page tenuifolia, Labill. . 544 tripartita, Litm. . . 543 Bigelowia, Spreng. . . 438 Billiottia fexuosa, G. Don . . 99 linearifolia, G. Don . 98 marginata, G. Don . 98 Billottia acerosa, Colla . . .180 Blackwellia brachjbotrya, F. M. . 310 Bleniiospora Bruinmondii, A. Gray 574 Bhimea 524 amplectens, BC. . . 525 Cuuuiughamii, BC. . 526 difiusa, R. Br. . . 525 glaudulosa, BC. . . 525 liieracifolia, BC. . . 526 holosericea, DC. . .526 iutegrifolia, BC. . . 525 lacera, BC. . . . 526 Wightiana, DC. . .527 Bobea pufaminosa, F. Muell. 419 Bolax Jioccipes, Sieb. . . 380 ledifoHus, Sieb. . . 380 Borreria, G. F.W. Mey. 438 Brachycome .... 508 augustifolia, A. Cunn. 514 basaltica, F. Muell. . 515 belUdioides,^\te\z . 513 Billardieri, Benth. . 518 calocarpa, F. Muell. 519 capillacea, Walp. . 512 cardiocarpu, J'. J/. . 517 chrysoglossa, F. M. . 520 ciliaris, Less. . . .518 colliua, Benth. . .521 debilis, Sond. . . .516 dccijjieus, Hook.f. . 516 deiitata, Gaud. . .511 discolor, C. Sluart . 520 diversifbIia,Fwc/«. and Mey 511 Brummondii, Walp. . 519 exilis, &«(^. . . .516 glabra, Beuth. . . 520 glandulosa, Benth. . 520 glauca, Walp. . . .518 goniocarpa, Sond. and Muell 512 gramiuea, J^. Muell. 514 hctcrodouta, DC. . .518 hcterophylla, Benth. 515 iberidifblia, Benth. , 512 6S4 INDEX OF GENEUA AND SPECIES. lanuginosa, Steetz . 519 leptocarpa, F. Muell. 516 /eucanf/iemifolia,}ith. 518 linearifolia, DC. . .515 /inearifo/ia, Hook. f. 517 marginata, Bent/i. . 519 melauocarpa, So7id. and Mue// 511 microcarpa, F. Muelt. 513 Muelleri, So7id. . . 514 mu/ticaiolis, F. Muell. 519 multifida, i)a . . . 520 nivalis, F. Muelt. .517 ob/onff/fo/ia, Benih.. . 518 paehyptera, Turcz. . 512 parvula, Hoo/c.f. . 514 ptychocarpa, F. M. . 516 fimi/a, Walp. . . 507 pusilla, 5i!ef te . . .513 radicans, Steetz . .512 scapiformis, DC. . .517 scapis::era, DC. . .513 Sieberi, DC. . . . 520 squalida, Hook. f. .519 stricla, DC. . . .518 stronyijlospermoides, Walp 519 Stuartii, Bent/i. . .513 teneUa, furcz. . .521 tenera, Bcnth. . .520 tenuiscapa, Hook. f. . 518 trachycarpa, i^. iJ/. .515 Brac/ii/step/iium /eucant/iemoldes^f&'&. 511 scapigerum, DC. . .514 Brassaia 385 actinophylla, End/. . 385 Brycnia 319 lacLuiosa, Linn. . .319 Bryonopsis tacimosa, Naud. . . 320 Caoa/ia /inearis, Labill. odorata, Desf. . 673 . 671 salicina, Labill. . 673 Caldasia andico/a, Lag. . 377 eriopoda, DC. Calea . 377 aculeaia, Labill. . 587 spectabilis, Labill Calendula . 588 arvensis, Linn. . 675 officiualis, Lijin. . 675 Callistemon . . . 118 acerosus, Miq. . 122 Page acerosus, Tausch. . 122 arborescens, F. Muell. 122 brachyandrus, Lindl. 122 capitatus, Reichb. . IIG coccineus, F. Mue//. . 120 gtaucus, F. Muell. . 119 Rainesii, F. Muell. .118 lanceolatus, jDC . .120 /eptostachijus, Svveet 121 /inearifo/ius, DC. . 121 linearis, DC. . . .122 lop/iant/ius, Swect . 121 7nacrostac/igus, Lmd\. 118 margi^iatus, DC. . .120 nervosus, Liudl. . . 143 pa/lidus, DC. . . . 121 paludosus, F. Mucll. 121 phoaniceus, Lind/. . 119 piiiifolius, i?C. . . 122 pit/iyoides, Miq. 121, 123 rigidus, n. Br. . . 121 mgulosus, DC. . .122 rugu/osus, Miq. . . 120 salignus, DC. . . . 120 scaljer, Lodd. . . .120 Sieberi,V>{^. . 119,121 speciosus, DC. . .119 teretmm&, F. Mue/t. 122 viridiflorus, DC. . .121 Calocephalus .... 573 seruoides, Bent/i. . .576 angianthoides, Be/itli. 575 Brovvnii, F. Muell. . 574 clirysaiit/ies, Schlecht. 580 citreus, Less. . . .575 Druinmondii, Beiitli. 574 Fraucisii, Benth. . . 576 g7iap/ialioides, Hook. 648 lacteus, Less. . . .575 multiflorus, Be7it/i. . 576 platycephalus, Benl/i. 576 Souderi, F. Muel/. . 575 Calomeria amarant/ioides, Vent. 589 Calotharanus .... 172 asper, Turcz. . . .180 blepharantherus, F. M. 1 74 blepharosperm us,i'^. 3/. 1 75 chrysantherus, F. M. 176 clavatus, Lodd. . . 180 e7-iocarpus, Lindl. . 174 gibbosus, Be7it/i. . . 175 gracilis, R. Br. . .175 homalophyllus, F.M. 180 Hupgelii, Schau. . . 177 lcEvigatus, Schau. . 179 lateralis, Li)id/. '. .177 Page /a.rus, Kunze . . .178 Lehmanni, Sc/iau. . 178 /ongifolius, Lehm. . 177 longissimus, F. Mue/i. 174 microcarpus, F. M. . 177 nodosus, Turcz. . .177 Oldfieidii, F. Muel/. 176 pachystachyus, Bent/i. 173 pinifolius, >. Muell. . 179 planifolius, Sc/iau. . 176 plu /nosits, Tm-cz. . .178 Preissii, Sc/iau. . .177 purpureus, Eudl. . . 180 quadrifidus, R. Br. . 179 robustus, Schau. . .179 rupestris, Sc/iau. . . 179 sanguiueus, Labill. . 174 Schaueri, Lelun. . .178 sc/iaenop/iy//us, Schau. 1 78 suberosus, Schau. . 137 torulosus, Sc/tau. . .175 viUosus, R. Br. . .178 Calotis 500 anthemoidcs, F. M. . 504 breviseta, Bent/i. . .505 cuneifolia, R. Br. . 501 cyrabacantha, F. 31. 502 dentex, R. Br. . . 501 di/atata, A. Cuun. . 502 eriuacca, Steetz . . 502 glaudulosa, F. Muell. 502 hispiduLa, F. Muel/. . 506 lappulacea, Bent/i. . 504 microcephaia, Be7it/i. 504 Muelleri, Sond. . . 503 pluraulifcra, F. Muell. 505 po/yseta, Sond. . . 504 porphyroglossa, F. M. 505 pterosperma, R.Br. . 505 scabiosifolia, Sond. a/id Mue// 503 scapigera, Hoo/c. . .503 troptca, F. Muell. . 505 Calvthrix 39 a'ch;cla, F. Mue/I. . 52 angukita, Lhid/. . . 47 arborescens, F. Mue//. 5 1 asperuhi, Sc/tau. . . 42 aurea, Litid/. . . .41 Bnueri, Schau. . . 51 Be/iriana, Schlecht. . 51 Billardieri, Schau. . 51 brachychreta, F. 31. . 52 brachyphylla, Turcz. . 45 brevifolia, 3Ieissn. . 45 bi'cviscta, Li^idl. . . 43 Broicnii; Schau. . . 51 INDEX OF GENERA AND 3PECIES. G8! hruinoides, A. Cunn. 5] Candollcana, Schau. . 48 cUiata, Turcz. . . 44 conantkera, ¥. Muell. 48 conferta, A. Cunn. . 51 cupressifolia, A. Ricli. 49 cnpressoides, A..^\ch. 49 curtophylla, A. Cunu. 42 curtophyUa, Schau. . 46 cnspidata, Turcz. . . 43 decandra, R. Br. . . 48 depressa, Turcz. . . 47 Di-ummondii, Meissn. 42 empetroides, Schau. . 44 ericoides, A. Cunu. . 50 exstipnlata, DC. . . 49 flavesceus, A. Cunn. . 42 Fraseri, A. Cunn. . 48 glahra, R. Br. . . 50 glutinosa, Lindl. . . 46 gracilis, Beiith. . . 45 granulosa, Benth. . . 49 laricina, R. Br. . . 52 lasiantha, IMcissn. . 48 lasiostachya, F. M. . 43 leptophylla, Benth. . 50 Leschenaultii, Schau. 46 leucantha, Miq. . . 51 lougitiora, F. Muell. 49 luteola, Schau. . . 42 megaphylla, F. Muell. 50 microphylla, ^. 6'«««. 49 wonticola, Miq. . . 51 MueUeri, Miq. . . 51 luuricata, F. MueU. . 44 Oidfieldii, Benth. . 46 puberida, Meissn. . 42 pubescens, Svveet . . 51 rosea, Meissn. . . 47 rosea, jMiq. . . .51 sapphirina, Lindl. . 43 scabra, DC. ... 50 Schlechtendahlii, Miq. 51 simplex, Lindl. . . 43 squarrosa, Miq. . . 51 strigosa, A. Cunn. . 47 tenella, Meissn. . . 42 tenuifolia, Meissn. . 47 tenuiramea, Turcz. . 48 tetragoua, Labill. . 50 ietrayonophyUa,yi.*i\SBU.A2 ■tetraptera, DC. . . 50 variabilis, Lindl. . . 44 viryata, A. Cunn. . 51 Camphoromyrtus Behrii, Schlecht. . . 83 Brownii, Schau. . . 81 Page crenulata, F. Muell. . 82 pluriflora, F. Muell. . 82 Canthium 420 attenuatum, R. Br. . 421 buxifolium, Benth. . 422 coprosmoides, F. M. . 422 lainprophyUam, F. M. 421 latitblium, F. Muell. 421 lucidum.^oo^. ^Ani. 421 viicrophyUum, F. M. 422 oleifolium, Hook. . 422 quadrifiduin, Labill. 430 vacciuiifolium, F. M. 422 Carduus marianus, Limi. . .458 Cai'eya 288 arborea, Roxb. . . 289 Carthamus tinctorius, Linn. . .458 Casearia 308 Dallachii, F. Muell. . 309 esculenta, Roxb. . . 309 Cassiuia 584 aculeata, R. Br. . . 586 adunca, F. Muell. . 587 affinis, R. Br. . . .587 arcuata, R. Br. . . 587 aryophyUa, DC. . .631 aurea, R. Br. . . . 586 compacta, F. Muell. . 585 cuneifolia, DC. . . 632 Cunninghamit, DC. . 629 cuprea, F. jNIuell. . 649 denticulata, R. Br. . 586 glossophylla, Cass. . 585 hygrophUa, A. Cunn. 587 Ifevis, R. Br. . . .587 ledifolia, DC. . . . 631 leptocephala, F.Muell. 585 longifolia, R. Br. . . 586 longifolia,J)G. . . 586 obovata, DC. . . . 632 panicufata, Behr and Muell 634 pholidota, F . Muell, . 588 quinquefaria, R. Br. . 587 quinquefaria, Sond. . 590 rosmarinifolia, DC. . 587 spcctabilis, R. Br. . 588 subtropica, F. Muell. 588 tenuifolia, Benth. . 585 Theodori, F. MueU. . 588 uncata, k.QiViViVi. . . 587 Cassiniola ciiprea, F. Mucll. . 649 Caucalis iufesta, Curi. . . 336 Celmisia 488 asieliafolia, Hook. f. 489 longifolia, Cass. . . 489 spathulata, A. Cunn. 676 Ceutaurea 457 apiila, Lam. . . . 458 calcitrapa, Linn. . . 458 melitensis, Linn. . . 458 solstitialis, Linn. . . 458 Centella cuneifolia, F. Muell. 365 Centipeda orbicularis, Lour. 553 Centratheruiu . . . 460 muticum, Less. . . 460 Centropappus Brunonis, Hook. f. . 666 Cephalipterum . . . 577 Drummondii, A. Gray 577 Cephalosorus brevipapposus,Y .l\l\it\\.h&^ gnephosioides, F. Muell .571 gymnocephalus,iS..Gray5^0 leptocladiis, F. Aluell. 571 microrephalus, f . ]\L 566 phyllocephalus,k. Gray 565 Ceratogyue .... 555 obiouoides, Tiircz. 555 Cesatia ornata, Endl. . . . 349 Chamselauciura . . . 35 affine, Meissn. . . 38 axillare, F. Muell. . 38 brevifolium, Benth. . 37 Broicnii, Desf. 22 ciliatum, Lesf. . . 36 Drummoudii, Meissn. 37 gracile, F. MueU. . 36 hetcraudrum, Benth. 36 megalopetaIum,i^.J/?us, Benth. . 582 tomentellus, Benth. . 581 CicKoriuui Intjbus, Linn . . .680 Cirsium arvense, Scop. . . .459 lanceolatum, Scop. . 458 palustre, Scup. . . 458 CoDlospenauni . . . 424 paniculatum, i*'. J7«^//. 425 reticulatura, Benth. . 425 Coleocoma . . . .533 centaurea, F. Muell. . 533 Conanthodium Brummondii, A. Gray 626 Conothamnus . . .163 divaricatus, Benth. . 164 trinervis, Lindl. . .163 Convza 496' oejryptiaca, Ait. . albula, 'vVilld. . . amhigua, DC. . liveariloba, DC. . polycephala, Edg. 497 496 496 497 497 Page viscidula, Wall. . . 496 Wallickii, DC. . . 497 Coprosma 429 acutifolia, F. Muell. . 429 Billardieri, Hook.f. . 430 cuspidifolia, DC. . . 430 hirtella, ZaiiY/. . . 429 uitida, Hook.f. . . 430 pumila, Hook.f. . . 430 Coriandrum sativum, Linn. . . 336 Cotula 547 alpina, Hook.f. . . 550 anthemoides, Linn. . 550 australis, Hook.f . 550 coronopifolia, Linn. . 549 Drunimoiulii, Benth. 550 filicula, Hook.f. . .551 filifolia, Thunb. . . 548 gymuogyne, F. Muell. 549 integntblia, Hook.f. 549 iinnuta, Forst. . .553 reptans, Benth. . .551 Crantzia 374 ausfralica, F. Jluell. 374 liueata, Nutt . . .374 Craspedia 578 alpina, Backh. . . 580 chrysautha, Benth. . 580 fim'briata,J)C. . . 579 glauca, Spreng. . . 579 globosa, Benth. . .580 gracilis, Hook. f. . 579 macrocephala, Hook. 580 pilosa, Spreug. . . 579 pleiocephaia, f. il/wi?//. 580 Kichea, Cass. . . . 579 ■uiiifiora, F'orst. . .579 Crepis 678 japonica, Benth. . . 679 Crossolepis brevifolia, A. Gray . 573 eriocephala, A. Gray 573 Unifolia, Less. . .569 pnsilla, Benth. . . 564 pusilla, Hook. . .564 jjy g meea, A.Qx&y . . 572 Cryptosteuima . . . 674 caleuduhicea, R. Br. . 675 Cryptostemon ericaus, F. ]\Iuell. . 13 Ctenosperma alpiiuim, Hook. i'. . 550 Cucumis 317 jii.cimdus, F. Muell. . 318 Melo, Linn. . . .318 Muelleri, Naud. . . 321 Page myriocarpns, Naud. . 318 Pancheri.inus, Naud. 318 picrocarpus, F. Muell 318 prophefarum, Auct. . 318 pubescens, Hook. 318 trigouus, Roxb. . . 317 Cucurbita micrantha, F. jMuelL 321 Culcifium lineare, Spreng. . . 673 salicinum, Spreng. . 673 Cunina Savfuentes, Clos . 431 Ciipia densijtora, DC. . . 412 Cyathopappus gnephosioides, F. M. 571 Cycnoseris aii.Hralis, Eudl. . 677 Cylindrosorus flavescens, Beuth. 562 Cyinboiiotus .... 674 Lawsonianus, Gaudich.&l^ Preissianus, Steetz. 674 Cynara cardunculus, Linn. 459 Scolymns, Liun. . 459 Darwinia .... 6 brevisfyla, Turcz. 12 citriodora, Benth. 11 diosmoides, Benfh. 13 fascicularis, Rndge 13 fimbriata, Benfh. . 9 helichrysoides, Benth . 10 Hookeriana, Benth. 9 laxifolia, Schau. . 12 macrostegia, Benth. 8 Meissueri, Benth. 9 micropetala, Benth. 14 ccdcroides, Bentli. ]0 Oldlieldii, Benth. 10 pauciliora, Bcnih. 12 piiiifolia, Benth. . 14 purpurea, Benth. . . 11 saniiuincii, Benth. 14 Schuermanni, Benth. 14 speciosa, Benth. . . 9 taxilolia, A. Cunn. . 12 Thomnsii,i?^w///. . . 15 thymoides, Beiifh. . 11 verticordina, Benih. . 15 vestita, Benth. . 12 viresceus, Benth. . . 10 Daucus .... . 376 brachiatus, Sieh. . . 376 Carota, Linn. . . . 377 INDEX OF GENEriA AND SFECIES. 687 fusillus, Mich. . . DecaIo])Jtiiim pancifornm, Turcz. . Deiitclla repens, Forsf. . . . Dic/iope(a//im raniinctilaceum^Y. M. Didisctts albijlorus, DC. anisocarpus, F. Miiell. caeruletts, DC. . cyaveits, DC. . glanchilosus, P. ^Iucll. . glaticifo/iKS^^F.^SlweW. grandis, F. Muell. . kemicarpus, F. Muell. humilis, Hook. f. . . pilosus, Beuth. . . procumbens, F. Muell. setulosus, F. Mueil. . vil/osus, F. jMuell. Dimeiopia anisocarpa, Turcz. . cyanopeta/a, F. Muell. eriocarpa, F. jNIuell. . grandis, Turcz. hirta, Beuth. . homocarpa, Bunge . isocarpa, Bartl. . Preissii, Bunge . pusi//a, DC. . . . Wa/persii, Bunge Dimorpholepis australis, A. Gray . Diodia reptans, F. Mucll. Diodontittm f/ifo/iiim, F. J.Iuell. . Diotosperma Drummondii, .A..Gray Diplaspis cordifolia, HonJc.f. . hydrocotylea. HooJc.f. Dip/opappus awstralasicus, Turcz. g/andu/osus, Turcz. . passerinoides, Turcz. rotu)tdifo/ius, Less. . Diplospora australis, Bent. Dip/ostepJiitim aculeatum, Nees. . /epidopJig//um, Nees . lyrattim, Nees . . micropJiy// um , Nees . ph/ogotricJium, Nees . ramu/osum, Nees . 370 38 406 306 350 330 34.9 349 350 350 350 351 351 349 351 351 349 350 348 349 350 348 348 348 348 34S 348 650 431 545 555 306 360 306 491 480 482 472 413 477 478 473 477 473 477 Page ste//u/atum, Nees . 473 Disrropermum, Dalz. . 413 Disemma adiantifo/ia. DC, . 312 aura)itia, Labill. . .313 bracJiyslep/iana, F. M. 312 coccinea, DC. . . .312 Herhertiana, DC. .311 Dithyrostegia amp/e.ricau/is, A. Gray 568 Dorato/epis ietrachceta, Schlecht. 010 Diittonia- sessi/iceps, F. jMuell. . 650 Eclipta 536 alba, Hcenhe . . .536 erecta, Linn. . . . 536 platygiossa, ¥. Mue//. 536 prostraia, Linn. . .536 Elachanthus . . . .555 pusilhis, F. Mue/l. . 555 E/acJiopappus Biu:/a//ii, F. ]\Iuell. .559 E/achotJianntus Cuv.ninghamii, DC. . 499 Elephantopns . . . .461 scaber, Linn. . . . 401 Eleuthranthes . . .437 operculari: a.,F.Mue//. 437 Elichry sum . See Helichrysu m . JEmphysopus - Gunnii, Hook. f. . . 508 Enhydra 546 He/oncha, DC. . . 546 /ongifo/ia, DC. . . 546 paludosa, DC. . . . 546 W'oo//sii, F. Muell. . 546 Ente/ia ammanioides, R. Br. 290 Epaltes 529 australis, Less. . . 530 austra/is, DC. . . 530 Cuuninghamii, Betith. 530 Epilobium" 303 Billardieriauum, Her. 305 canescens, Endl. . . 304 confertifoliumj^ooXy. 304 glabellum, Forst. . . 305 jnnceum, Forst. . . 304 macrani/tii.m, Hook. f. 300 palliditlorum, So/and. 305 tenuipes, Ilook. f. . 304 tetragonum, Linn. . 305 Epithinia maidyana, Jack. . .418 Epitric/ie Page cttspidata, Turcz. . 568 Erechthitcs . . . .657 apargicefo/ia, Soud. . 659 argnta,'i>C. . , .659 M\i\niomx, F.Mue/l. 658 BaiJiurstiana, DC. . 659 giahrescens, DC. . . 660 g/andu/osa, DC. . . 660 g/omerata, DC. . . 659 g/ossantha, Sond. . 670 Gunnii, Ilook. f. . . 660 hispidula, DC. . . . 660 incana, Turcz. . . 660 /aceraia, F. jMuell. . 659 mixta, DC. . . . 659 Miie//eri, Lange . . 658 picridioides, Sond. . 659 picridioides, Turcz. . 658 preuanthoides, DC. . 653 pumi/a, DC. . . , 659 quadridentata, DC. . 660 Ric/tardiana, DC. . 660 sonchoides, DC. . .658 tenuifiora, DC. . . 660 EremjEa 180 acutifolia, F. Mue//. . 181 beaufortioides,^^»//*. 182 ebracteata, V. Mue//. 182 ericifo/ia, Liudl. . .182 fimbriata, Z/wflf/. . .181 piiosa, Lind/. . . .182 Eremopyxis camp/icrata, Preiss . 59 Ericomyrlus D)-umnondii, Turcz. . 86 Erigeron 493 albidus, A. Gray . . 496 ambiguus, V. Mue//. . 494 a)nhiguus, Sch. Bip. . 496 honariensis,A.nct. . 496 canadensis, Linn. . . 495 Candoilei, F. Muell. . 499 conyzoides, F. Mue/I. 495 decurrens, DC. . .531 /lieracifo/ium, Poir. . 492 Gunnii, Hook. f. . . 494 iiairoides, Turcz, . 532 linifolius, Wi/ld. . . 495 minurioides, Benih. . 495 pappochroma, Lahill. 494 pJiiogotrichns. Spreng. 494 tasmanicus, Hook. f. 494 Vittadinia, F. MueU. 492 Erioca/ia major, Sm. . . . 367 minor, Sm. . . . 368 Eriochlamvs .... 590 688 INDEX OF GENERA ANU SPECIES. Page Behrii, Sond. ^Muell. 591 Eriocladium pyramidatum, Lindl. . 565 Eriostemon trinerve, Hook. . . 108 Eryngium 369 angustifolium, DC. . 370 expansura, F. Muell. 371 ovinum, A. Cunn. . 370 finnatifidum, Bunge . 370 plantagineum, F. M. 371 rostratum, Cav. . . 370 tetracephalum, Bunge 370 vesiculosum, Labilt. . 370 Escallonia ciliata, Roem. & Schul. 65 crenulata,^i£m.SL^c\\. 78 Ethulia Cunninghamiiy Hook. 530 Ethuliopsis dioica, F. Muell. . . 530 Eucalyptus . . . .185 acervula, Hook. f. . 244 acervula, Sieb. . . 207 acenula, Miq. . . 207 acmenioides, Schau. . 208 acuminata, Hook. . 241 alata, Loud. . . . 200 alba, Reinw. . . . 243 albens, 3%. . . . 219 albicaulis, Loud. . . 200 alpina, Lindl. . . . 225 ambigua, DC. . . . 203 amygdaliua, Labill. . 202 amggdalina, Schau. . 252 androsemcefolia, lioit'. 200 angulosa, Schau. . .231 angustifolia, Liuk. . 200 angustissinia,i^.iVftfe//. 238 auuulata, Beuth. . . 234 aspera, F. Muell. . . 250 aurantiaca, F. Muell. 228 Baueriana, Schau. . 214 Baveriana, Miq. . . 244 Baxteri, R. Br. . . 207 Behriana, F. Muell. .214 bicolor, A. Cunn. . 214 bigalerita, F. MuelL 243 botryoides, Sm. . . 229 Bovvraaui, F. Muell. 219 brachyandra,/'..^«6'//. 223 brachvpoda, Turcz. . 223 brevifolia, F. Muell. 223 buprestiuni, F. Muell. 205 csesia, Benth. . . . 227 cajuputea, Miq. . .215 calophylla, R. Br. . 255 Page capitcUata, Sm. . . 206 cinerea, F. Muell. . 239 citriodora, Hook. . 257 cladocuhjx, F. Muell. 219 clavigera, A. Cunn. . 250 cneorifolia, DC. . .217 coccifera, Hook.f. . 204 concolor, Schau. . . 247 confertiflora^Y.^lxjitW. 254 connata, Dum. Cours. 200 couoidea, Benfh. . . 227 cordata, Labill. . . 224 cordata, Lodd. . . 224 coriacea, A. Cunn. . 201 cornuta, Labill. . . 234 corynibosa, Sm. . . 256 corynocalyx,i^.7lf«. Muell. . 211 gracilis, Sieb. . . . 222 grandifolia, R. Br. . 250 granularis, Sieb. . . 240 grossn, F. Muell. . 232 G\mm\,Hook.f. . . 246 Gunnii, Miq. . . . 240 Gtmnii, F. Muell. . 244 hseraastoma, Sm. . .212 hremasloma, Miq. . 215 hamastoma, DC. . 222 hemilampra,Y.'bilyiie&. 246 hemiphloia, F.Muell. 216 heterophglla, Miq. . 205 hirsida, Link . . . 184 Hookeri, F. MueU. . 251 hypericifolia, Dura. Cours 200 hgpericifolia, R. Br. . 203 hgpoleuca, Schau. . 209 incrassata, Labill. . 231 incrassata, Sieb. . 208 himprocarpa, F.Muell. 230 largijlorens,Y. Muell. 215 latifolia, F. Muell. . 255 Lehinanni, Preiss. . 233 Icjitophleba, F. iluell. 221 leptophglla, l\liq. . 216 loptopoda, Benth. . 238 leucoxylon, F. Muell. 209 ligustrina, DC. . . 203 ligustrina, Miq. . . 247 Liudlegana, DC. . 202 linearis, Dehnh. . . 200 longifolia, Lk. ^- Otto 226 longifolia, Lindl. . 202 longirostris, F. Mucll. 241 loxophlcba, Benth. . 252 niacraiidra, F. Muell. 235 macrucarpa, Hook. . 224 macrocera, Turcz. . 233 macrorhyucha, F. M. 207 maculata, Hook. . . 258 Mahagoni, F. Mnell. 209 mannifera, A. Cunu. 240 marginata, Sm. . . 209 media, Link . . .200 INDKX OF OKNERA ANl) SPECIES. f>89 Page megacarpa, F. Miiell. 232 melanophloia, F. M. 220 melissiodora, Lindl. . 254 m elissioflora , F. M uell . 255 melliodora, A. Cunn. 210 micrantha, DC. . .212 micranthera, F. MueU. 218 microcorvs, i^. J/m/^/?. 212 wz>ro/j//y//«,A.(;.201, 21» nticrophyUa, Willd. . 200 microtheca, F. Miiell. 223 miniata, A. Cunn. . 228 mohK-cana, Rnxb. . 243 mncroiiata, Link . . 200 Muplleri, Miq. . . 231 mullijlora, Poir. . . 200 myrlifoHa, Liuk . . 200 vervosn, F. ^lucli. . 204 mtida, Hook. f. . . 203 nutans, F. Mueil. . 235 obliqua, Lher. . . . 204 ohlonya, DC. . . .200 obtiisitlora, BC. . . 205 occidentalis, Endl. . 235 odontocarpa, F. Maell. 260 odorata, Behr . . .215 Oldfieldii, F. Muell. . 237 oieosa, F. Mnell. . 248 oleosa, F. Muell. . .216 oligantha, Schau. . 213 opposilifolia, Dest'. . 200 orhicnlaris, Lodd. . 2Q0 orbifolia, F. J//(,'//. . ^sli o>-wff/«, Sieb. . . . 208 ovata, Labill. . . . 200 pachyloma, Benth. . 237 pach_vph\i]a,F.i¥M(»//. 237 pachypoda, F. Muell. 233 paUens, DC. . 200, 239 paUens, F. Mueil. . 219 palliditolia, F. Muell. 236 paniculata, »S'w. . .211 parviflora, F. MueJl. . 222 patellaris, F. MuelU . 244 patens, Benth. . . 247 patentiflora, Miq. . 210 patentiflora, F. Muell. 240 pauciflora, Sieb. . . 201 pellita, F. Muell. . 246 peltata, Benth. . . 254 pendula, A. Cuun. . 215 perfoliata, R. Br. . 253 perfoliata, Desf. . . 200 persicifolia, DC. 208, 220 persicifolia, Lodd. . 240 persicifolia, Miq. . 244 phillyreoides, Lodd. . 200 VOL. III. Page phlebophylla, F. M. 201 phcnnicea, i^. Muell. . 251 piiuiaris,-?/». . . .208 pllularis, DC. . . 240 piperita, Sm. . . . 207 piperita, Auct. . . 206 platyphylla, F. Muell. 242 platypodos, Cav. . . 229 piatypus, Hook. . . 234 plenrocarpa^^&chm. . 259 phailocularis,Y.Mm']. 2'^.'S polyanthemos, Schau. 213 polycarpa, F. Muell. . 257 polysciadia , F. Muell. 250 jjnpulifolia, Desf. . 200 populifolia, Hook. 214,243 jmpulnea, F. iMuell. 214 porosa, Miq. . . . 215 Prcissiana, Schau. . 232 procera, Dehnh. . . 200 pruinosa, Schan. . .213 pruinosa, Turcz. . . 226 ptychocarpa,/^.il/«e//. 255 pulchella, Desf. . . 200 pulverulenta, Sims . 224 pulvigera, A. Cunu. . 224 punctata, DC. . . 242 purpurascens, Link . 200 pyriforniis, Turcz. . 5^26 pyrophora, Benth. . 257 racemosa, Cav. . . 200 radiata, Sieb. . . . 203 redunca, Schau. . . 253 resiuifera, Sm. . . 245 reticulata, Liuk . . 200 rigida, Hoffm. . . 205 riyida, Sieb. . . . 2()0 Risdoni, Hook.f. . 203 robusta, Sm. . . . 228 rostrata, Schleckt. . 240 rostrata, Cav. . . . 229 rubricaulis, Desf. . 200 rudis, Endl. . . .244 salicifolia, Cav. . . 200 saligna, Sm. . . . 245 snntalifolia./^.J/wc//. 206 santalifnlia, F.Muell., Miq. . . . 217,230 scabra, Dum. Cours. 208 semicorticata, F. i\L 208 serraiifolia, Desf. . 2')0 sctosa, Schau. . . . 254 sidcrophloia, Benth. . 220 sideroj-ylon, A.Cnnn. 210 siynata,F. Muell. .212 socialis, F. Muell. . 249 spathulata, Hook. . 236 Pnge spectabilis, F. Muell. 246 splachnicarpa, Hook. 256 spodophylla, F. Muell. 213 stellulata, Sieb. . . 200 stennphylla, Link . 200 stricta, Sieh. . . .217 Stuartiana, F. Muell. 243 */^^w//////)//«^;7«,y,Miq-201 suhuluta, A. Cunn. . 242 sylvicultrix, F. Muell. 201 tectifica, F. Muell. . 243 tenuiramis, iliq. . . 202 tereticornis, Sm. . . 241 termiualis, F. Muell. 257 terminalis, Sieb. . .211 tcsselaris, F. Maell. 251 tetragoua, F. Muell. 259 tetraptera, Turcz. . 228 tetrodonta, F. MueU. 260 trachyphloia, F Muell. 22 1 triantha. Link . . 200 tuherculata, Parm. . 200 turbinaia, Behr&M. 249 umbellala^nm.Cmvc. 200 uncinata, Turcz. ■ . 216 undulata, Loiid. . . 200 urnigera, liook. f. . 227 varieyata, F. Muell. 258 vernicosa, Hook.f. . 232 verrucosa, Loud. . . 200 viminalis, Labill. . 239 viminalis, Hook. . . 251 virsiata, Sieb. . . .202 iroollsii, F. Muell. . 227 ranthonema, Tnrcz. . 253 Euchiton collinus, Cass. . . 654 Forsteri, Cass. . . 653 pulchellus, Cass. . . 653 Eudesmia tetrayona, R. Br. . 259 Eugenia 280 angoplioroides, F. M. 286 Armstrougii, Benth. . 286 australis, Weiidl. . . 2S6 carissoides, F. Muell. 282 cormitiora, /'. Muell. 284 cymosa, Uoxb. . . 285 Dallachiana, F. Muell. 28? elliptica, Sm. . . . 282 eucalvptoidrs,/^.iI/z««'/. 285 7?m//', Wall. . . .285 fortis, V. iMiiell. . . 285 trrandis, Wiyht . . ^??^ hypo,'ipodia, V. ^luell. 282 rlambolana, Lam. . . 283 juciinda, F. Muell. . 281 2 Y 690 INDEX OF GKNEUA AND SPECIES. Page leptantha, Wight . . 283 Moore,, Y. Muell. . 284 myrtifolia, Sims . . 286 oleosa, F. Mnell. . 287 Siuitbii, Foir. . . .282 suborbicularis, Bei/lk. 28-5 Tierneyana, F. M/iell. 284 Iriiiervia, DC. . . 278 Veiitenatii, Benth. . 283 ^"ilsouii, F. Muell. . 283 Enpatorium .... 461 canuabinum, Liim. . 462 fernigiiieinn, Labill. . 631 Lindleyanum, F. M. 462 rosmarinifolium, Lab. 613 Buryhia aculeata, DC. . . 477 adenophora, F. Muell. 486 affinis, Stectz . . .484 alpicola, r. ilnell. . 468 alpina, Hook. f. . . 471 argophylla, Cass. . 470 artemisioides, Soiid. . 475 aspera, Steetz . .485 a.'iterotric/ia.'F ."SlxiitW. 473 a.rillaris, DC. . . 476 Beckleri, F. ISIuell. . 470 hrachyglossa, DC. . 476 hrachyphylla, Y. Muell.47S candidissima, Steetz . 476 capitellata. 'DC. . . 476 cardiophylla, F. MueU.469 chrysophylla, DC. . 468 chrysotricha, Ten. . 467 ciliata, Beuth. . . 488 conocephala, F.Muell. 480 cydonieefolia, DC. . 470 Dampieri, DC. . .476 decurreiis, DC. . . 482 elceophila, DC. . . 484 epileia, DC. . . . 477 ericoides, Hook. f. . 483 ericoides, Steetz . . 477 ernbescens, 1)C. . .471 Ferresii, F. Muell. . 487 floribunda, Hook. f. . 477 fulvida, Cass. . . . 473 glandulosa, DC. . . 484 glntescens, Sond. . , 482 glutinosa, Lindl. . . 482 Gunniana, DC. . . 473 Hookeri, Sond. . . 483 hyyrophila, DC. . . 474 illita, F. Mucll. . . 483 imhricata, Turcz. . . 483 iodochroa, F. Muell. . 480 ledifolia, DC. . . . 47'? 485 476 482 473 481 484 471 471 476 Page Lehmanniana, Stcetz 484 lepidophylla, DC. . 478 leptophylla, Turcz linearifolia, DC. . linifolia, Hook. f. lirata, DC. . . ?«(»(7ff/«/)////i'/rt, F.Muell.468 microphyl/a,J)C.. . 477 Muelleri, Soud. . nniricata, Steetz . rnyrsinoides, Nees obcordata, Hook. f. nliganlha, DC. oppositifolia, F. Muell.468 paniculata, Steetz . 484 yjflw»OM, F. Muell. . 469 paucidentata, Stcetz . 485 persoonioides, DC. . 471 picridifolia, F. Muell. 487 pimeleoides, DC. . . 479 pinifolia, Hook. f. . 472 propinqna, DC. quercifolia, Cass. . ramosissima, DC. ramulosa, DC. rosmariiiifnlia, DC. . rudis, Hcnth. . . . rngosa, F. Muell. . scabra, Benth. strigosa, Steetz Stuartii, F. Muell. . suhrepanda, DC. . subspicata, Hook. lenvifolia, DC. teretifolia, Soud. . tuhuliflora, Sond. aud Muell 475 viscidula, F. MueU. . 475 viscosa, Cass. . 3-erophi/a, F. iluell. . Eurybiopsis gracilis, Hook. f. . . Ilookeri, F. Muell. . intricata, F. Muell. • macror/iiza, DC. . scahrida, Hook. f. Euryomyrtns a/pina, Schau. diffusa, Schau. parviflora, ¥. Muell. . Stuartiaiia, F. Muell. ihymifolia, Schau. . Eyrea rnhelliflora, F. Mucll. 477 473 479 477 468 487 473 487 485 481 473 478 486 483 469 486 491 491 499 492 491 76 76 76 76 76 529 F^abricia coriacea, F. Muell. Icpvigata, Gpertn. myrtifolia, Gfertn. myrtifolia, Sieb. . stricta, liOdd. . . Faustula reticulata, Cass. . Fenzlia .... obtusa, Eiidl. . retusa, Endl. . . Fischera lanceo/ata, Sm. . linearis, Sm. . orata, Sm. . Flaveria .... australasica, Hoo/c. Francisia, Endl. . Page 103 103 103 98 629 278 279 279 357 356 357 546 546 13 447 446 446 446 447 103 GaJate//a g/a.ndulosa, Nees . . 484 Galinsoga 542 parviHora, Cav. . . 542 Galium 445 albescens, Hook.f. . 447 Apariue, Linn. australe, BC. . a.rifloruin, F. MucU. ciliare, Hook.f. . densum, Hook. f. . erythrorhizum, F. M. 447 Gaudichaudi, DC. . 446 geniinifoliura,F. J/?/e//. 445 squalidum, Hook. f. . 447 vagans, Hook. f. . . 446 Gamozygis flexuosa, Turcz. . . 568 Gardenia 407 chartaeea, F. Muel/. . 410 edulis, F. Muel/. . Fitzalani, I\ Muell, fncata, R. Br. . . Jardinei, F. Muell. :Macgillivra>i, Benth. . 409 megaspcrma, F.Mnell. 409 ochreata, F. Muell. . 409 pyriforniis, .4. Cunn. 409 rcsiiiosa, F. Muell. suffruticosa, R. Br. Genetyllis afiiiis, Turcz. . alpestris, Lindl. . citriodora, Endl. . diosmoides, DC. . Brummondii, Turcz. pmbriata, Kipp. . helichrysoides, Meissn. 10 Hookeriana, Meissn. . 9 macrosteqia, Hook. . 9 408 411 410 410 408 410 13 54 11 13 13 9 INDKX Ol' OENEKA AND SPECIES. 691 Page macrosieyiu^ Tiircz, . 8 Meissiieri, Kipp. . . 10 inicrojjefala, F. Muell. 14 tederoides, Turcz. . 10 pancifloni, Turcz. . 36 pimeleoides, F. Muell. 1 1 pinifoHa, Schau. . . 14 purijitrea, 'Sc\\a.Vi. . . 11 sanyuinea, Meissu. . 14 Hchuermanni, ¥. Muell. 15 speciosa, Meissu. . . 9 t/iymoides, Sciiau. . 12 tulipifera, Hoolc. . 8 oestita, Eodl. ... 12 virescens, Meissu. . 10 Gilbe) ta tennifolia, Turcz. . 559 Giiiyidium glaciale, ¥. Muell. . 375 procumheas, F. Muell. 376 simplicifolium, F. M. 375 Gliuus lotoides, Liuu. . . 333 Molluyo, Feuzl . . 334 orygiuides, F. Muell. 333 Glossogyue .... 543 bideiitidea, F. Muell. 544 filifolia, F. Muell. . 544 pedunculosa, DC. . 544 retrotiexa, F. Muell. . 544 tenuitblia, Cass. . . 544 Guaphalium .... 652 alpigeuuni, F. Muell. 654 apicnlatum, Labill. . 624 catipes, DC. . . .651 cep/ialoideum, ^Yilld. 654 coUiuuui, Labill. . . 054 jiavissimum, Sieb. . 624 yymnocep/ialum, 1)C. 654 indicuui, Linn. . . 655 iudutuui, Boolc.f. . 655 involucratum, Forst.. 653 japonicuni, Th.ii.nb. . 653 luteo-album, Linn. . 653 Moschalum. A. Cuiiu. 648 niliacum, Raddi . . 655 nioeiim, Poir. . . .619 papillosum, Poir. . .621 Flanchoiii, Hook. i" . . 651 purpureum, Lina. . 655 reticiUatum, Spreug. 629 scorpioides, Foir. . . 618 semipapposum, Labill. 625 sericeum, Turcz. . . 655 Traversii, llook.f. . 65(5 Gnaphaludes . . • -577 condcnsatuui, A. Gruy 578 Page eoacinum, Soud. . . 578 tililoliuni, Benth. . . 578 uliginosuni, A. Gruy 578 Guephosis 569 acicuhiris, Benth. . 572 arachuoidea, Turcz. . 571 brevitblia, Benth.. . 572 Burkittii, Bent/i.. . . 570 cyathopappa, Bentli. . 571 eriocarpa, Benth. . . 570 criocephala, Bent/i. . 573 liptoclada, Benth. . 571 niacrocephala, Turcz. 570 pygniEca, Benth. . .572 skiiTophora, Beid/i. . 570 tenuissiuia, Cass. . . 572 Goniopoyon multicaule, Turcz. . 505 Griffithia, W. and Arn.. 411 GruinHia, Gsertn. . . 426 Guettarda 419 poly p/iraymoides , F.M.41 7 sj)eciosa, ZZ/iM. . .419 Guettardella . . . .418 putarainosa, Beidh. . 419 Gnnnia 327 Drumraondii, Bent/i. 327 septifraga, F. MueU. 327 Gymiiagat/iis teretifolia, Schau. Gymnoyyne cotuloides, Steetz Gymnostyles anthemifolia, Juss Gynopachys, Bl. . Gyuura 661 nepalensis, DC. . . 661 ovalis, DC. . . .661 pseuJochina, BC. . . 661 Gyrostep/iium rhizocephalam, Turcz. 582 llackeria cassiiiKkforinis, F. M. 589 ozothamnoides, F. M. 590 Ilaplotaxis australasica, F. Mucli. 456 Harinoyia Baueriana,Scha.[i. . 83 corynophylla^P.yineU. 85 crenulata, F. Muel!.. 82 ciispiforu, F. Mucll. . '65 Cunniiig/iamii, Schau. 82 deasifolia, Schau. . 83 ovalifolta, F. Muell. . 88 purvula, Schau. . . 82 penlandra, F. Mucll. 87 137 550 552 411 Page propintjua, Schau. . 83 nmbellata, F. Muell. . 82 virgata, Schau. . . 82 Hedaroma latifolinm, Liiidl. . 11 piiitfoliuin, Liudl. . 14 thymoides, Lindl. . 12 tnlipiferuin, Liiidl. . 8 Uedera 384 australiana, F. Muell 384 Hedyotis 403 auricularia, Linn. . . 404 c-x.v\Ae&ccws.,F. Muell. 404 elatiuoides, Benth. . 405 galioides, F. Muell. . 404 geniculata, Roxb. . 404 niitrasacinoides, F.il/. 404 pterospora, F. Mnell. 406 scleranthoides, F. M. 405 tillajacea, F. Muell. . 405 trachymeuioideSjjf.ilf. 405 Ilelichrysum .... 612 acuminatum, DC. . 620 adeuophorum, F. M. 622 adnatuin, Benth. . . 628 ulbicaiis, A. Cuun. . 643 albicans, Sieb. . . 621 ambignum, Turcz. . 609 Vinic\\na.r'\mi\, F.Muell. 632 aut/temoides, Sieb. . 64] apiculatum, DC. . . 624 argyroglottis, Beiit/i. . 626 asteroides, DC. . .598 baccharoides,i^. Mitell. 633 Backhousii, i^. i/Mc//. 632 Bunksii, A. Cunn. . 620 Baxteri, A. Cunn. . 617 Bcckleiii, F. MuelL . 627 bicolor, LiiiJI.. . . 620 BiJvvillii, Benlh. . . 637 Blandowskianunijiytfei.SSZ bractcatuiii, Iftlld. . 620 bracteoiatuin, Benth. 630 brecicilium, DC. . . 625 bup/iihalmoides, aieh. 618 Cassiniunuin, Gawd. . 611 cassinioides, Benth. . 630 c/irysanthum, Pers. . 620 ciliaiuin, DC. . . . 625 cinereiiin, F. Muell. . 629 collinum, JJ('. . . . 623 cordatiim, BC. . . 627 Colidu, Beiitli. . . 644 cuncifoliuiii,/'. Mnell. 633 Cuiininghaiiiii, Beitth. 629 I)uvenportit,V. Muell. 616 (kalbatiiiii, Labill. . 619 692 INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES. Page (liosniifoliuin, Less. . fi28 diolophyllum, F. M. 628 Dockcrii, F. Muell. . 626 diibium, Cass. . . . 008 ulatuni, A. Ciain.. . 621 erosum, Schlecht. . 618 fcirus;iueuni, Less. . 68] filifoliuin, F. Muell. . 61? flavissuiiHm, DC. . . 624 '(jliihratum, DC. . .621 glutinosum, llook. . 621 gracile, DC. . . .62? Guntiii, Hook. f. . . 618 Gunnii, F. Muell. . 630 Huniljoldlianurn,G-eMA. 64.5 incanaiii, Hook. . . 648 lanut/inosum, i\.Cunn. 621 hA\\ve\\cd\A,F.Muell. 616 icdifoliuni, Benfh. . 630 lepidophylhim, F. M. 633 leplolejns, DC. . . 5'.17 leucopsidium, DC. . 622 lucidum, Henckel . 620 lycopodioides, Benih. 634 macranthuin, Benth. . 621 macro(ej)luiluin,X.(^\\i\.&'2.i) itiii'rolej)is, DC . . 625 Milli-ani, Hook.f. . 620 inolle, DC 643 uiceum, Gvdh... . .621 oljcordatuni, F. Muelt. 632 nhovatuin, DC. . . 627 obtusifoliuin, Muell. aiid Sond. . . . 6 l'J odoriim, DC . . . 6:;'4 Oldjieldii, F. Muell. . 644 oxylepis, F. Muell. . 623 pancelioides, DC. . 60 'J papillosnm, l.aliill. . 621 l)holi(loiuni, F. Muell. 634 podolepidcnin, ¥. M. 624 pterocluflum, F.iMucll. 64'J puiniluin, llook.f. . 61'J raniosissiinum, llook. 625 raniosmn, DC. . . 626 relicnlatum, Less. . 629 riffidulum, DC. . . 63 (i rosniariuilbliuiu, Less. 631 lupii^ola, DC. . . . 623 rutidolepis, DC. . . 618 scorpioides, Lahill. . 618 seutellifolium, lienth. IV-VA sclaiiinoidcs, F. Maell. f)3^ semicalvam, K. .Mucil. 610 seiiiilerlilc, F. Muell. 617 sciiiipapposuni, DC. . 625 Soiideri, F. Miiill. . 5'J8 Pape PaK" squarrulosuin, DC. . 625 tenetlum, A. Gray . 617 stipitatum, F. Mucll. 643 tenellum, Turcz. . . 646 auhiilifoliiiii^i^.JifMt^// 616 Helosciadium viscosuia, Sieh. . , 620 australe, Biinge . . 372 Heliptcres. See Helipteruin. leptophijllum, DC. . 373 Helipteriiin . • . . . 637 proslralum, Bunge . 372 alhicans, DC. . . . 643 Hemicarpus anactiuum, F. Muell. 643 didiscoides, F. Mueil. 351 anlhenioides, DC. 641 villosas, F. Muell. . 34'J hicolorum, DC. 643 ILemiphars brachi/rhi/nchum,S)0r\A.&V6 affinis, Hook. f. . . 36'.) Cassinianutri, DC. 612 bellidioides, Hook. f. 369 chiouolepis, F. Mueil. 642 safforata, Hook. f. 369 clilorocephaluin^Se-MM.^^ 1 trideatata, Hook. f. . 369 citrinum, Steelz . . 644 Heptapleurum . . . 384 coudeiisatuai,i^.iI/«/e//. 645 venulosum, Seem. 384 coryinhiHoruin, Schl. . 647 Hirnellia corvmhosuin, Benth. . 649 cotuloides, Cass. . . 569 Cofuhi, DC. . . . 644 Hodgkinsonia . . . 420 diffusuin, DC. . . . 641 ovatillora, F. Muell. . 420 diiiiorpholcpis, Benth. 650 Holotome discoideum, A. Gray . 643 omnifertilis, F. Mueil 368 e.xi^uuin, F. Muell. . 64'J Homalium . . . . 309 llorihuudiirii, DC. 642 aluifoliuin, F. Muell. 310 fascescens, Turcz. 602 hrachyholrys, F. M. . 310 i/luliiiosuin, Ilook. 621 vitieiise, Beuth. . . 310 jiiacile, Benth. . . 646 Homalocalyx . . . . 56 heteiaiif huin, Turcz. . 642 ericicus, 7'\ Maell. . 56 Huiiiholdtianuin, DC. 645 polyaudius, F. Muell. 56 hyalosperinum, F. M. 644 Homalospermum iiicaniiin, DC. . 643 finnuin, Sehau. 104 involucratuni, F. M. . 6 16 Homoranthus . . . . 15 keve, Benih. . . . 64'J Jlaoesceus, A. Cuun. . 16 lanjillorens, F.-Muell. 6)6 virgatus, A. Cunn. . 16 Mau;.?lcsii, F. Muell. 640 Houstoiiia, liiun. 403 monenci/autkioides, F. Huegelia Muell 648 ccBrulea, Reiehh. . 349 moschatum, Benth. . 648 Huenefeldia niveum, Steetz 61'J aiif/ustifolia, Walp. . 503 poiycephalum, Benth. 64'J roroaopifolia, \\'aip. . 502 polygalifolium, DC. . 641 Iluinea 589 poiyphylluni, F. 31. 645 cassiuiacea, /'. Muell. 589 prtero.r, F. i\Iiiell. 644 elegans, Sm. 589 ptcrocluclum, Benth. 648 ozuthaniiioides, F. M. 590 j)unrtatuin, DC. . 641 ])iiiictulata, F. Miiell. 589 pusillum, Turcz. . 644 Hi/a loch la mijs jiytfnueuin, Benth. 647 ylohifera, A. Gray . 567 I*yretlirnm, Benth. . 642 Hijalolepis rosciini, Benth. 640 occideidalis, F. .Muell 558 ruhelluin, Benth. . 641 rhlzocephala, DC. 558 iSaiidfordii, Hook. 646 Hi/alosperm um sruiislerile, F. Muell. 644 f/lutinosuin, Stcetz 644 siinple.r, Steelz . . 641 strirtiiin, Stectz . 644 spiealiim, F. Murll. . (;i7 variuhile, Soud. . 644 stipitatum, F. Muell. 643 llydrocolyh^ . . . . 337 slrictum, Benth. . 646 "alata, It. Br. . . . 345 Staartiaaum, Soiid. . 612 iisiatica, Ijnn. . 346 1N0EX OF GENEllA AND SPECIES. 693 Page Boiiplatidii, A. Rich. 3-iO callicarpa, Buiiye . . 343 capillaris, ¥. Muell. . 344 cordifolia, llooiv. f. . 347 cymbalaria, iknitii. . 345 densiflora, I)C. . .340 diautlia, BC. . . .345 elegaiis, Ricli. . . . 340 Gaudichaudiaiia, 1)C. 340 geraiiiifolia, /'. Muell. 342 glociiidiata, Benth. . 34(5 gracUeida, Hook. f. . 339 graimnatocarpa, F. M. 344 iiirta, R. Br. . . .339 liispidiila, Bunge . . 343 hoinalocarpa, F. MueU. 346 interrupla, Miiehl. . 339 intertej-ta, R. Br. . 340 laxiiiora, DC. . . . 340 iemnoides, Bcnth. . 345 lobocarpa, F. Muell.. 34i! Mannii, Hook. f. . . 340 niarchantioides, Clos. 340 inedicaginoideSjjTw/TS. 342 moschata, Forst. . . 340 muriculata, Tnrcz. . 342 inuscosa, R. Br. . .341 pedicellosa, F. Muell. 341 peduncularis, R. Br. . 339 pilifera, Turcz. . . 344 plebeia, R. Br. . . 341 pterocarpa, /''. Muell. 342 pidchella, R. Br. . . 340 repanda, Pers. . . 347 rotundifolia, Rosb. . 340 rugulosa, Turcz. . . 344 scntellifera, Benth. . 343 sibthorpioides, Lam. . 340 striata, Benth. . .341 tasmanica, Hook. f. . 340 telragoiiocarpa,B/^«yf 345 tracliycar|)a, F. Muell. 343 tripartita, R. Br. . . 34 1 tripartita, Hook. f. . 343 vagans, Hook f. . . 340 verticillata, Turcz. . 346 verticillata, Thuub. . 339 vulgaris, Linn. . . 339 HypocalyuHia. ... 91 augustilolium, Endl. . 94 asperuin, Schau. . . 93 boroniaceum, F. Muell. 95 nilialum, Turez. . 92 cordifolium, Lehm. . 94 cuneatum, Turcz. . 92 Cunninghamii, Schau. 93 eiicifoiium, Benth. . 94 hypericifolium,5«'«M. 95 liuifoliiim, Tiircz. . 93 \o\\^\iQYn\m,F.Muell. 92 Phillipsii, Harv. . . 95 robustum, Endl. . . 92 scariosum, Schau. . 94 strictimi, Schau. . . 93 suave, liiiidl. ... 94 tetrapterum, Turcz. . 93 xantlaopetalura, F. M. 92 Hypociioeris . . . .677 glabra, Linn. . . .677 radicata, Linn. . .677 Imhricaria ciliata, Sm. ... 65 crenulata, Sm. . . 78 Irvingia australiuna, F. Muell. 384 Isoetopsis 556 gramiuifolia, Turcz. . 556 Ixaucheniis sublijratus, Cass. . .507 Lriochlamys cuneifolia, F. Muell. . 493 Ixiolsena 59G brevicompta, i^. J/«e//. 597 chrysanlha, Steetz . 602 leptolepis, Benth. . 597 supiiia, F. Muell. . 598 tomeutosa, Sond. and Muell 598 tomentosa, var. Soud. 597 viscosa, Benth. . . 598 Ixodia 582 achilleoides, R. Br. . 583 alata, Schlecht. . . 583 2}tarmicoides,Y .y\ uell. 583 Ixora 413 Becklerii, Benth. . . 415 cocciuea, Linn. . .415 graudiflora, Ker . .415 KlaiuleriaHa^ ^Xws^.i^X 5 Pavetta, Roxb. . .414 pcutamera, Benlh. . 416 Thozetiana, F. Mi.ell. 412 timorensis, Decne . 415 tomeiitosa, ^ari. . . 414 triliora, R. Br. . .416 .Jamhosa auslralis, DC. . .286 eucalgptoide.s,Y.'S\\\t.\\.2'6Q) flrma, Bluiiie . . . 285 qrandis, Bluiiie . 285 Thuzetiana, F. MucII. 2s;(i .Jungia. imhricata, Gicrln. 78 tenella, Gierta. . 78 Jussiica .... 306 angustifolia, Liun. 307 repens, Linn. . . 306 suffruticosa, Litin. , 307 Sicarlziana, DC. . 306 villosa, Lam. . . 307 Kamptzia albens, lS'ees . . 266 Kippistia sucedifolia, F. Muell 500 Kissodendron australianum, Seera 384 Knoxia 438 eorymbosa, Willd. 438 Kuuzea .... 111 Baxteri, Schau. . 117 brachyandra,Y. Muel 1.110 capitata, Reichb. . 116 corifolia, Reichb. . 115 ericifolig, Reichb. 113 ericifolia, F. ^luell. 113 eriocalyx, F. Muell. 112 hirsida, Turcz. 116 leptospermoides,^ . j\ [.115 micrautha, Schau. 112 microniera, Schau. 114 Muelleri, //(?/////. . 113 parvifolia, Schau. 115 paucitioi-a, Schau. ■ 114 peduiicularis, F. M. 115 pelagiu, F. Muell. 116 podantha, F. ]\luell. 109 poiuiiera, F. Muell. 116 pra.stuiis, Schau. . 114 Prcissiaiia, Schau. 113 propinqua, Schau. 113 recurva, Schau. . 114 Schaueri, Lehm. . 116 sericea, Turcz. 117 trinervia, Turcz. . 112 vestita, Schau. 113 ciUiceps, Schau. . 114 Lachnopodiuin hractealum, Blume 292 rubroliwbatum, Bluiu e292 Lachnothalamus tomentellus, F. Miicl .581 Lactuca saligna, Linn. . . 680 Lagenaria .... 315 viilgaris, Ser. . . 316 LagciKiphora . . . 506 Billardieri, Cass. . . 507 694. INUKX OF GENERA AND SPECIES. Vage euiphysopus, lluok.f. 508 ymcUis., Steetz . . 507 Quiiniaua, Steetz . 507 Y[\ic^e[\i, Benth. . . 507 latifolia, Hook. f. . 507 montana, Hook. f. . 507 soleuogyne, Benlh. . 508 Lamarchea . . . .123 haketefolia, Oaud. . 123 Lamprochlmna Ohtfieldii, F. Muell. 558 Lapsaua pusilla, Willd. . . 680 Lasianthus .... 425 striiiosus, Wif/kt . . 42G Lawrencella rosea, Lindl. . . . filG Lawsouia 300 alba, Lam 301 Leontodon hirtus, Linn. . . . 680 Leontopodium, R. Br. . 652 Leptinella filicula, Hook. f . . .551 intricata, Hook. f. . 551 tonyipes, Huok. f. . 551 maltilida, llook. f. . 551 Leptorhyuchus . . . G07 ambijiuus, Benth. . GO'.) aureiis, Beuth. . . G3G elougatus, DC. . .610 citrinus, Beuth. . . 687 gracilis, Walp. . . 608 hemisphcericus, DC. . G08 Lhotzlcyanus, Walp. G08 liuearis, hess. . . .611 medius, A. Cuuu. . 610 nitidulns, DC. . . ()08 panfctioides, Benth. . 609 podolepis, DC. . . 637 pulchcUus, F. Muell. 610 rhytidanthe, DC. . 610 squaniatus, Less. . . 608 suaueolens, Beiith. . 636 tcuuifolius, F. Muell. 60'J VVaitzia, Sond. . .610 Leptosperuuim . . .100 abuorme, F. Muell. . 109 aciculare, Schau. . . 105 ambiyuum, Sni. . .116 amboincnse, DC . .104 anyHstifilium, Eudl. 94 ararhnoides, Gwrtu. 105 arachuoideuni, &«. . 105 atteniuitum, Sm. . .108 nustrale, Salisb. . .106 baccaliiiii, Schau. . 105 baccatuiH, Sm. brevifoiium, Rudge brevipes, F. Muell. buxifolium, Dehnh. Candollei, Schau. C(!/«o/a^«/«,Otto&Dietr. crassipes, Lehm. cuneiforme, Otto and Dietr Cunninghamii, Schaii. cupressinum, Otto and Dietr divaricafum, Schau. . duhium, Spreag. . ellipticuui, Endl. . emaryinatum, Weudl. eriocalyx, Sieb. . erubesceus, Schau. Fabricia, Beiith. . firmum, Benth. . flavescens, Sin. flexuosum, Spr. Ilorihunduin, Salisb. . floridiuu, Benth. . ylaucescens, Schau. . ylomeratum, Wendl. . ynidicefoliitm, DC. ynidiopfolium, Hoit. yrandiflorum, Lodd. . yrandifoiium, Sm. . hypericifoiium, Otto and Dietr. . imbricaiiiin, Sm. . juiiiperifolium, Cav. juiiiperinuin, Sni. Itevigatum, F. Mueil. lauigeruin, Sm. iinearifoiium, DC. maryinatum, r,abill. . viicromyrtus, .Mi(|. microphylium, F. M. multicaule, A. Cuuu. multiflorum, Cav. my rsiuoides, Schiecht. myrtifolium, Sieb. nitidum, Hook. f. nobiie, F. xMuell. . . obiiqnum, Colla . obovatum, Svveet oxycfdrus, Schau. parvifolium, »S'///. . parvulum, Labill. peudulum, Sieb. . persicilloru m, R e i c li b . pilosuin, Sidiau. . piiiyyalifolium,Sa\[ih. piirophylluiii, Cav. Page P.i^e 106 pubescens, Lam. . 107 78 recurvifoiium, Salisb. 105 108 resiniferum, Bertol. . 99 102 robustum, Endl. . 92 107 Roei, Benth. . . . 110 .102 rubricanle, Link . . 105 110 rupestre, Hook.f . 108 scoparium, Forst. 105 102 sericatum, Liuk. . 107 107 sericeum, Labill. . 117 sericeuin, Schau. . . 109 102 speciosum, Schau. . 143 105 spiuescens, Endl. . . 106 90 spiendens, Schau. 107 110 squarrosum, Sieb. 105 105 stellatum, Cac. . 107 107 sti/phelioides, Schau. 105 109 27*6-«, Willd. . . . 104 102 tonsum, Schau. . . 107 104 tortuosum, Dchnh. . 102 104 triiocuiare, Veut. 105 99 trinerve, Sm. . 106 105 tuberculatum, Poir. . 104 110 umbeliatuiH, Gsertn. . 242 107 viliosum, Otto & Dieti .107 99 viryatum, Forst. . 82 108 viryatuiH, Schau. . 105 107 Leptolriche 105 2)erj)usilia, Turcz. 572 107 Leucolcena candida, Beuth. . . 360 102 Hueyeiii, Bcnth. . . 362 81 pannosa, Beuth. . 361 105 peitiyera, Hook. . 359 105 Lenrophyta 103 Brownii, Cass. 574 106 Leuzea 457 98 australis, Gaudich. . 457 98 Lhotzkya 53 105 acutifoiia, Lindi. . . 55 107 brevifolia, SchuK. . . 54 108 ciliata, F. Murll. . . 54 105 cuspidata, F. Muell. . 52 109 ericoides, Schau. . . 55 108 geuetylloides, F. M. . 54 107 glaberrinia, F. Mueil 53 105 hirta, Reg 55 102 pnrpurea, E. Mueli. . 55 105 scabia, Turcz. 55 105 violacea, Lindl. . 54 107 Lippaya 82 telephioides, Eudl. . 406 108 Lopli.oclinium 105 albnm, Endl. . . 602 107 citrinum, Endl. . 601 104 Manyiesii, EadJ. 601 104 Lophostemon TNDEX OF GENEKA AND SPECIES. 095 Page arboresreiis, Scholt. . 263 Loranthus 388 acacioides, A. Ciinn. . 392 alvxifolius, F. 3Ii INPKX OF GENERA AND SPF.CIES. juniperoides, DC. lanceolata, R. Br. laiicenfafa, Otto . laiicifofia, Turcz. Page , 158 143 , 144 , 143 lasiaiidra, F. Muell. 143 lateriflora, Benth. . 136 lateritia, Otto . . .130 laiiriiia, Sm. . . . 264 Lehmaiiiii, Sehau. . 159 leiopyxis, F. Miiell. . 160 leptoclada, Beiifli. . 132 leptosperiiioides,Schaa.l 52 leucadendrou, Liiiii. . 142 linariifolia, Sm. . . 140 linophylla, F. 3Iiiefl. 145 longicoma, Benth. . 129 Mancjlesii, Schau. . 154 uiegacephala, F. Mnell. 149 inicroinera, Schau. . 162 micropliylia, Sm. . . 159 mimosoides, A. Cuiiii. 143 niinor, Siii. . . . 142 minutifolia, F. Muell. 162 mijrtifolia, Vent. . . 140 nematophifffa, F. M. 151 neriifofia, Bot. Mag. 262 iiesophila, F. Miiell. 150 nodosa, Sm. . . .158 iiodosa, Sieb. . . . 159 Oldfiehlii, F. Miiell. . 150 oli(/antlia,¥.^{w\]. . 134 ornata, Schau. . . 154 paludosa, R. Br. . .119 paludosa, Schlecht. . 121 parviceps, Lindl. . .154 parvi/fora, Lindl. . 145 parviffora, Ileichb. . 134 pauciHora, Tiircz. . 139 pauperiflora, F. Muefl. 161 peiitagona, Z«5?7/. . 152 pithijoides, F. Muell. 121 polycephala, Benth. . 152 polygaloides, Schau. . 157 Preissiana, Schau. . 145 propinqiia, Schau. . 156 pufjesceiis, Schau. . 145 pidchella, R. Br. . . l4l puiigens, Schau. . . 158 pustuhita, Hook.f. . 160 raduia, Lindl. . . . 141 Rejelii, Pianch. . .170 rba])liiophylla, Sckati. 147 saficfifia, Audr. . 262 safigna, 151. . . . 142 safijna, Schau. . . 143 scnbra, R. Br. . . 154 jt'/«//'(';v2*, Schau. . . 150 seriata, Lindf. . . . 1 54 serpyllifolia, l)«m. C'ours 141 Sieberi, Schaii. . .143 sparsiflora, Tnrcz. . 148 spathulata, Sckau. . 153 spinosa, Liudl. . .157 sprenyefioides, DC. . 169 sqnamea, Labill. . .155 scpiarrosa, Sm. . . 139 striata, Lahill. . . 157 styplielioides, rtn. . 146 aromatica, Salisb. . 268 calyeina, Cav. . . .134 capitata, Sm. . . .116 chrysantha, F. Muell. 269 citrina, Curt. . . .120 cordifolia, Pers. . .184 coriacea, Salisb. . . 142 corifolia,'^ ewt. . .116 costafa, Gffirtu. . .184 decora, Salisb. . . 144 ericifofia, Sm. . .113 eiicalyptoides^i^.^f??^//.^^^ fie.riiosa, Willd. . . 99 floribuiida, Sm. . . 184 'florihiinda, Vent. . . 283 gfiindufosa, Dcsf. . 122 gfanca, Bonpl. . .119 gfomufifera, Sni. . . 266 gracifis, Salisb. . . 134 gutnmifera, Gicrtn. . 256 hirsuta, Andr. . .183 hispida, Sm. . . .183 hypericifofia, Salisb. 131 kyssopifofia, Cav. . l4l jniiiperina, Reichb. . 158 fanceofata, Pers. . .184 lanceolata, Sm. . .120 linearifolia, Link . 121 lophantka, Veiit. . .120 macropunctata, Dnm. Cours 122 maryinata, Cav. . .120 nodosa, GEcrtn. . .158 pallida, Bon])l. . .121 parado.ra, F. MucU. . 269 paucifora, Eiidl. . . 182 INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES. 69? Page finifoUa, \Veudl. . 122 procera, Salisb. . . 266 propiiiqiia, Eudl. . .113 propitiqua, Salisb. . 266 pungens, Reichb. . . 158 rugulona, Sieb. . .120 ruguhsa, AVilld. . .122 salicifoUa, Gjertn. . 222 saUgna, Sui. . . .121 scabra, CoUa . . .122 setnperjlorens, Lodd. 120 «oroWrt, Eudl. . 114,154 speciosa, Siins . .119 viridifora, Sims ; .121 Microggne irifii.rcata, Less. . .491 JJieromyrtus .... 63 Drummondii, Benth. 64 elobata, Benth. . . 64 imbricata, Benth. . 64 leptocalyx, Benth. . 65 microphylla, Benth. . 65 minutitlora, Benth. . 65 racemosa, Benth. . 64 MicrosciadiuM cuneifolium, F. Muell. 365 saxifraga, Hook. f. . 365 Wicrosei"is .... 676 Eorsteri, Hook.f. . 676 Millottia 595 glabra, Steetz . .596 Greevesii, F. Muell. . 596 myositidfolia, Steetz 596 robusta, Steetz . . 596 tenuifolia, Cass. . . 596 Miuuria 497 asteroidea, Sond. . . 498 Cuuningbamii, Benth. 498 denticulata, Benth. . 499 integerrima, Benth. . 499 leptophylla, BC. . . 498 suieditolia, F. MueU. 499 tenuissima, DC. . . 498 Modecca 312 australis, R. Br. . .312 MoUia imbricata, Gmel. . 78 MoUugo 332 Cerviana, ISer. . . 334 glinoides, A. Rich. . 334 Gliuus, A. Fdch. . . 333 Nova-HoUandim, F. M.334 orygioides, F. Muell. 333 Spergula, Linn. . . 334 trigastrothfcca, F. M. 334 Momordica . . . .318 Balsamina, Linn. . .318 Page Mon encgan th es g n aph alio ides, A . G ray 648 Moueuteles . . . .522 glandulosus, Z'. J/«e//. 523 globiferus, DC. . . 523 intermedius,\)C . . 523 sphacelatus, Labill. . 523 sphferauthoides, BC. 524 spicatus, Labill. . .523 verbascifolius, F. 31. 523 Monermios Lawrencii, Hook. f. . 677 Monoxora rubescens, Beuth. . 278 Moonia 539 ecliptoides, Benth. . 540 procunibeus, Benth. . 540 triehodesmoides, Bnth. 540 Moriuda 423 citrifolia, Linn. . . 423 jasniinoides, A. Cunn. 424 reticulata, Bcnt.h. . 424 umbellata, Linn. . . 424 Morna nitida, Lindl. 635, 636 nivea, Liudl. . . . 636 Mukia 321 micrantha, F. Muell. 321 scabrella, Arn. . .321 Murucuja Baueri, Liudl. . .312 Myrcia AustralasicB, F. M. . 294 i\Iyriocephalus . . . 557 appendiculatus, /^«'«M. 558 cotuloides, Turcz. . 573 gracilis, Benth. . . 559 helichrysoides, A. Graghh^i nudus, A. Grng . .558 lludallii, Benth. . . 559 rhizocephalus, Benth. 557 Stuartii, Benth. . .560 sutfruticosus, Benth. 559 villosissimus, Turez. . 573 Myriogyne . . . .552 Cunninghamii , DC. . 553 minuta, Zew. . . . 553 racemosa, Hook. . . 553 Myrrhis andicola, H. B. & K. 377 Myrtus 273 acmeuioides,i^.J/?/£'//. 276 Becklerii, F. MaeU. . 275 Bidwillii, Benth. . . 275 cymiflora, F. Muell. . 273 elachantha, F. Mui-ll. 280 Iragrantissima, F. M. 277 Page gonoclada, F, MueU. 275 llillii, Benth. . . . 275 melastomoides, F. M. 278 racemulosa, Benth. . 276 rhytisperma, F. M. . 274 Sndthii, Spreng. . . 283 teuuifolia, Sm. . . 274 Tozerii, F. Muell. . 272 trinervia, DC. . . . 278 trineura, F. Muell. . 273 Nablonium .... 545 calyceroides, Cass. . 545 Nauclea Bartlingii, DC. . . 402 coadunata, DC. . . 402 cordata, Roxb. . . 402 nndulata, Roxb. . . 402 Nelitris 279 ingens, F\ MueU. . 294 pauiculata, Lindl. . 279 psidioides, G. Dou . 272 Neniatopus ejfusus, A. Gray . .571 foliafus, Sond. . . 572 Nematopyxis, iliq. . . 308 Neoceis microcephala, Cass. . 659 Nertera 431 depressa, Banks . .431 ve\)ia.ns, F.Muell. . 431 Nothopanax elegans, Seeni. . .383 MacgilUvrayi, Seem. 382 Murrayi, Si;em. . . 382 sambucifuUum, Sceni. 382 Notothixos .... 396 cornifolius, Oliv. . . 397 iucanus, Oliv. . . . 397 subaureus, Oliv. . . 397 Nuytsia 387 tloribuuda, Jt. Br. . 387 ligustrina, A. Cunn. 388 CEuothera 302 bienuis, Linn. . . . 302 tasmauica, Hook.f. . 303 Ogcerostylus, Cass. . .560 Oldenlandia, Lmn. . . 403 Olearia 463 adenolasia, F. Muell. 480 adonophora, F. Muell. 486 alpic-ola, F. Muell. . 468 argophylla, F. MueU. 470 arguta, Benth. . . 487 astcrolricha, F. Muell. 47-i axillaris, /''. J/«(?//. . 475 2 z 6'JS INDEX Or GENEKA AND SPECJ liS. Patje calcaiea, F. Mm-ll. . 481 CassiuiiE, F.Miiell. . 478 chrysophylla, Be.uth. 468 ciliata, F. Muell. . . 488 conotephala, F. Muell. 480 cyanndiscalis, F. AI. 478 cydoniicfolia, Beiith. 470 deciirrens, Bentli. . 481 deutata, iJ/<»w(7/« . . 472 eliiptica, BC. . . . 483 cxiiiuitblia, F. Miiell. 478 exiiitblia, F. Muell. . 470 Ferresii, F. Muell. . 487 floribunda, Benth. . 477 glandulosa^ Benth. . 483 glutescens, F. Muell. 482 jflutinosa, Benth. . . 482 grandiflora, Hnok. . 469 gravis, F. Muell. . . 474 heieophila, F. Muell. 484 homoiepis, F. Muell. 480 Hookeri, Benth. . . 483 hygrophila, Benth. . 474 eV/z^f^tf, F. Muell. . . 483 imbricata, Benth. . 483 iodochroa, F. Muell. 479 ledifoiia, Benth. . . 472 lepidophylla, Benth. . 477 inagnillora, F. Muell. 480 niegalo])hylla, F.Muell. 467 Muelleri,*^w^/i. . .481 muricata, Beuth. . . 484 inyrsinoides, F. Miiell. 470 Neinstii, F. Muell. . 474 obcordata, Benth. . 471 oligantheina, /''. Muell. 469 orniia, F. Muell. . . 482 panuosa, Hook. . . 469 passerinoides, Benth. 482 paucidentata,F.il/«e//. 485 pei'soonioides, Benih. 471 phlogopappa, DC. . 473 picriditolia, Benth. . 487 piineleoidcs, Benth. . 479 piuilblia, Benth. . .471 quercifolia, DC. . .473 rainosissima, Benth. . 479 ramulosa, Benth. . , 476 revoluta, F. J/m^//. . 470 rosmnrinitblia, Benth. 468 rotniidifoHa, DC. . 472 rudis, /'. J//?tV/. . . 487 Steetzii, F. Mudl. . 485 stellulata, /)/\ . . 473 strieta, Bentli. . . 485 strigosa, Benth. . . 485 Stuartii, F. Mnell. . 481 subspicata, Beutli. . 478 teuuilblia, Benth. . 436 tentiiblia, F. il/«6'//. 482 tubuliflora, Benth. . 475 Turczaninoivii, F. M. 483 vernicosa, F. Mnell. . 482 viscidula, Benth. . . 474 viscosa, Benth. . . 468 xerophila, F. Muell. 486 Oliqanthemum jilifaliim, F. Muell. . 533 Onopordoii Acanthium, Linn. . 458 Operciilaria .... 432 apicitiora, Lahill. . 436 aspera, Gartn. . . 434 aspera, Juss. . . . 434 diphylla, Gcertn. . . 434 echmocephala, Benth. 436 ecliptoides, F. Muell. 435 hirsuta, F. Muell. . 434 ///V/f//^, DC. . . . 434 hispida, Spreiig. . . 434 hispidula, Endl. . . 436 hisjtidnla, Miq. . . 434 hi/ssojiifolia, Juss. . 434 liyssnpifolia, Miq. . 435 Uherijiora, F. Muell. 438 liyiistrifolia, Jiiss. . 434 vuiltir.aulis, Bartl. . 433 oci/niifolia, Juss. . . 434 ovata, Hook.f. . . 435 paleata, Young . . 434 yaiicijiora, Endl. . . 436 piirpiirea, Bartl. . . 436 rubioides, Jnss. . , 435 rnhioides, Sieb. . . 434 scabrida, Schlecht. . 433 sessilijiora, Juss. . .435 sperinacocea, Labill. 433 fiirpis, F. Muell. . . 435 uinhellata, Gcertn. . 437 vaginata, Lahill. . . 433 varia, Hook.f. . . 435 volnbilis, R. Br. . . 435 Ophiorrhiza .... 407 australiana, Beidh. , 407 Oreoniyrrhis .... 877 andi(;ola, Endl. . . 377 argeiitea, Hook. f. . 377 hrachi/carpa, llook. f. 377 ciliata, Ilook. f. . . 377 eriopoda, Hook. f. .377 sessilijlora, llook. f. 377 Orter/ioides decussata, Sol. . . 296 Osbcckia 290 aiiynstijolia, Doii . 291 australiaiia, Naiid. . 291 ehiuciisis, Li.in. . .291 Osbornia 27 1 octodonta, F. Muell. 27 l Oschatzia sajrifraya, ^\ alp. . . 305 Otanthera 291 bracteata, Korth. . 292 Oxymyrrhine yracilis, Schau. . . 84 Ozothannius adnatus, DC. . . . 629 uiitennaria, Hook. f. 032 Backhoiisii, Hook. f. 632 Becklerii, F. Alnell. . 628 bmcteohitns, Hook. f. 630 cinercns, DC. . . . 630 diosniifolius, DC. . 628 ericcpfolius, Hook. f. 631 ferruyineus,Y>Q. . . 631 Gunnii, Hook. f. . . 630 Honkeri, Sond. . . 633 ledifolins, Hook. f. . 631 lepidnpln/llus, Hook. f. 633 lepidopliyllns, Steetz . 633 lyrnpodioides,\\ook. f. 634 obcnrdatus, DC. . . 632 pholidotus, F. Muell. 634 purpuraseens, J)C. . 031 reticulatus, 1)C. . . 629 >r/M/<«,Soiid. &i\lueU. 029 rosiiiarinijolins, DC. . 631 scaher, F. Muell. . . 629 sciitellifolius, llook. f. 633 selayinoides, Sond. & Muell 034 tephrodes, Turcz. . 019 thyrsoideus, DC. . .631 tiirhinatiis, DC. . .630 Pachysurifs (Brnoides, F. Muell. . 577 anyianthoides, Steetz 576 Francisii, F. Muell. . 576 mullijloriis, Tiu'Cz. . 576 platycephaliis, F. M. 576 Pauax 380 anynstfolius, F. M. . 382 cephalobotrvs, /'. M. 382 dcndroides', F. Muell. 382 elegans, F. Muell. . 383 Guiuiii, Hook.f. . .381 Macgillivraji, Benth. 382 niacrosciadia, F. M. 383 mollis, Benth. . . .382 xMurrayi, /•'. Muell. . 381 IKPKX OF GF.NKKA AND SFF.CIES. f)99 Page Pagp Page sainbiipifolius, Siel/. 382 hieraeioides, Linn. . 678 graeilis, Grah. 606 Pantflia squarrosa, Steetz . . 678 hieracioides, F. Muel .604 atJiri.rioides, SonJ. & Pileautluis . . 34 iniindata, A. Cunn. 605 Muell. . . . GOO lilifolins, Meissn. 35 Lessoni, Benfh. . 606 Lessoni, Cass. . 607 Liuiacis, Labill. . 34 lonnipedata, A. Ciinn . 604 Muelleri, Soud. . 607 pcdnncularis, Endl. 34 inicrocepiiala, Benth. 607 Paqneriiia vernicosns, F. Muell 34 Mifchelli, Sond. . 604 graminea, Cass. . 514 Piptundra nutans, -SV/vVi . . 605 Paratropia spntliulata, Turcz. 68 pallida, Turcz. 605 veniilosa, W. & Arn. 38.5 Piptostemma rosea, Steetz . . 606 Paryphanfhe carpesioides, Turcz. 565 ruirata, Labill. 606 Mitchelliana, Schau. 62 Pithocarpa . . . 5'JO rntidochlaniys, F. M. 603 Passiflora ■ ■ ^ • 311 corymbulosa, Lindl. 590 Sicmssenia, F. Miiell 607 adiantifolia, Cindl. 312 niajor, Steetz . . 590 subu.lata, Steetz . 605 aurantia, Forst. . 312 pulchella, Lindl. . 590 Podopappus Bauksii, Benth. . 312 Platanorarpus, Korth. 402 hirsutus,\\Q)oV. & Arn .493 brachystephana, F. M. 312 Platijcarpidium tomentosus, Hook. an d coccinea, Solaud. 312 validinn, F. Muell. 356 Arn 493 Herbertiana, l,indl. 311 Plafijsace Podosperma Pastinaca cirrosa, Bunge 354 angustifolia, Labill. 601 sativU, Linn. . . 336 fle.ruosa, Turcz. . 353 Podospermum Pavetta tra chij men io ides, F . M .355 pedunculare, Sieb. . 579 indica, Linn. . . 414 valida, P. Muell. . 356 Podotheca . . . . 600 tomenfosa, Sm. . 415 Pleiogyne augustifolia, Cass. . 601 Pemphis 300 australis, C. Koch 550 chrysantha, Benth. . 602 acidnla, Forst. 300 multifida, Sond. . . 551 fusccscens, Benlh. . 602 Pen tagonaster reptans, (L Koch 551 gnaphalioides, Grah. . 601 Baxteri, Kl. . 117 PlenrocarjJBea . . . 460 pygmaea, A. Gray . 602 Pentalepis denticulata, Benth. . 460 Pogonolepis ecliptoides, F. Mnell. 540 Pleuropappus stricta, A. Gray . 568 trichodesmoides,Y .'Sl 540 phyllocalifinmeus, F Pogonolobus Pentapeltis Muell.' . . . 563 reticulatus, F. Muell 425 peltigera, Bunge . 359 Piucliea 527 Polycalymma Pericalijmma baccharoides^i^.A/ae//. 528 Stuartii, F. Muell. . 560 crassipes, Schau. . . 111 basiflora, F. Jluell. . 534 Polyphragmon ellipticiim, Schau. 110 dentex, R. Br. . . 529 sericeum, Desf. . . 417 Jloridum, Schau. . 110 Eyrea, /''. Muell. . . 528 Polyzone Petalolepis fiiifolia, F. Muell. . 533 purpiirea, Endl. . . 11 rosmarinifolia, Cass. 631 iudica, Less. . . . 527 Pomax 436 Petroselinum ligulata, F. Muell. . 532 glabra, DC. . . . 437 prostratum, DC. . . 372 macrocephala, F. M. 532 hirta, DC 437 sativum, Hoffm. . . 336 odora, F. Muell. . . 532 rupestris, F. Muell. . 437 Phfenopoda squarrosa, Benth. 529 umbellata, Soland. . 437 angustifolia, Cass. . 601 tetrauthera, F. Muell 528 Pozoa Phijllocalymma Podocoma 492 ciineifolia, F. Muell. 365 Jilagimoides, Steetz . 565 cuneifolia, F- Br. 493 Fragosa, F. MucU. . 365 micropoides, Benth. . 565 hieracifolia, Cass. . 493 Pozoopsis Phi/llopappns primulifolia, Cass. . 493 cordifolia, Hook. f. . 366 lanceolatus, Walp. 677 Podolepis 602 Prenanthes Phymatocarpus . . . 171 acuminata, Br. . . 604 japonica, Lindl. . . 679 liorph yrocephalus, F. jl/.l 72 1 affiiis, Sond. . . . 605 Pritzelia ruris 677 aristata, Benth. . , 605 didiscoides, Walp. . 348 angustifolia, DC. 678 auriculata, DC. . 606 Psammanthe asperrima, Lindl. 678 canescens, A . Cunn. 605 marina, Hance . . 328 attenuata, A. Cunn. . 678 chrysantlia, Endl. 605 Pseudalangium barbarorum, Lindl. . 678 Jiliformis, Steetz . . 606 polyosmoides. F. M. . 380 hamulosa, Wall. . 678 Gilberti, Turcz. • 607 Psydiotria . . . . 42; 700 INDEX OF GEXKRA AND SPECIKS. Page Dallachinna, Benth. . 427 daphuoides, J. Cioiii. 428 Fitzalaui, Beiif/t. . .428 loniceroides, Sieb. . 427 nesophila, F. Muell. 427 poliostemma, ^6'«///. . 428 Pterigerou . . . .531 adsceiidens, Benth. . 533 decurrens, DC. . . 531 filifolius, Benth. : . 533 liatroidcs, Betith. . 532 macrocephalus, Beiith. 532 microglossus, Benth. 532 odorus, Benth. . . 532 PterochtEte paniculata, Steetz . 637 Pteropogon av.stralis, Nees . . 647 Cassinianus, F. Muell. 612 corymbosus, A. Gray 649 demissns, A. Gray . 649 Drummondii, A. Gray 647 gracilis, A. Grav . . 646 Humholdtlanvs',Y. M. 646 lcevis, A. Gray . . 649 oppositifolius, F. M. 612 plati/phi/lliis, F. il. . 647 polycephalus, A. Gray 649 pyrpncBus, D('. . . 647 ramosissimus, F. M. . 617 ramosus, A. Gray . 646 spicatus, Steetz . . 648 Pterygopappus . . . 656 L;iwrencii, Hook.f. . 656 Pumilo argyrolepis, Schlecht. 595 Preissii, Soud. . . 595 Pycnosorus ehri/santhus, Sond. . 580 glohosus, Benth. . .581 globosus, Mitch. . . 580 Pyrethrum diversifolium,GT&\\. . 511 Parthenium, DC. . 547 Q,uinetia 595 Urvillei, Cass. . . . 595 Kandia 411 densiflora, Benth. . 412 Fitzalani, F. iliw,?//. 411 Moorei, F. Muell. .411 Regelia 170 adpressa, Turcz. . .169 ciliata, Schau. . .170 globosa, Tnrcz. . .171 grandiflora, Beiith. . 170 inops, Schau. . . .171 Raoulia 650 catipes, Hook.f. . .651 Planchoni, Hook.f. 651 tasmaiiica, Hook. f. . 651 Rhodamuia .... 277 argeutea, Benth. . .278 sessiliflora, Benth. . 2'i'i trinervia, Blume . . 278 Rhodanthe MaiKjlesii, Lindl. . 640 Rhodomvrtus . . . .271 cymiflora, F. Mnell. . 273 niacrocarpa, Benth. . 273 psidioides, Beiith. . 272 trineura, F.Muell. . 272 Bhynea, DC 584 Rhytidandra polyosmoides, F. M. 386 vitiensis, A. Gray . 386 Rhytidanthe scabra, Benth. . .610 Richea glauca, Labill. . .579 Rinzia Fumana, Schau. . . 74 Rotala apetala, F. Muell. .296 decussata, DC. . .296 Roxburghiana, ^Vight 296 verticillaris, Liun. . 296 Rubia syrticola, ^liq. . . 444 Rutidochlamys Mitchelli, Sond. . . 604 Rutidosis 593 acoma,Y.Mnt\\.. . 591 arachnoidea, Hook. . 604 auricoma, F. MueU. . 594 Brownii, Beiith. . . 594 helichrvsoides, DC. . 594 leiolepis, F. Muell. . 593 leptorrhyuchoides, F. .Vuell 593 leucautha, F. Muell. . 594 macra, F. Muell.. . 591 'i . 359 Scholtzia 66 capitata, F. Muell. . 69 ciliata, F. Muell. . . 68 decandra, F. Muell. . 59 denticvlata,Y.y\VL'^. 60 Drummondii, Benth. 70 laxiriora, Benth. . . 69 leptantha, Benth. . 69 obovata, Schau. . . 68 oligandra, F. Muell. . 70 parviflora, F. Muell. . 70 spathulata, Benth. . 68 teretitblia, Benth. . 70 uberiflora, F. Mvell. . 67 umbellifera, F. Muell. 69 Schuermannia homoranthoides, F. M. 15 Scleroleima forsferioides,Yi.oo\i.i. 554 Scorzonera Lawrencii, Hook. f. . 677 scapigera, Forst. . . 6"7 Scyphiphora . . . .417 hydrophylacea, Gcertn. 418 Scyphocoronis . . . 592 viscosa, A. Gray . . 592 Scnecio 661 amygdalifolius, F. M. 668 anacainpserotis, DC. . 665 anethifolius, A. Cuiin. 672 angvstifolivs, Forst. . 669 angvstifolius, Sond. . 672 angvstilohus, F. Muell. 672 apargiafolius,\^ A]). . 659 argvtus, A. Kich. . 659 australis, Willd. . . 668 INDEX OF GENERA AND 3PECIES. 701 Page harkJiaiisioides, F. M. 670 Bedfordii, F. Muell. . 673 Behrianus, Sond. and Muell 669 BiUardieri, F. Miiell. 673 brachyglossus, F. M. 069 bracln/la»>'s, DC. . 672 capillifolius, Hook.f. 667 canndetitiis, DC. . . 667 ceiitropappuSji^^.iJ/?!'^//. 666 ciliohdus, DC. . .667 ciiierarioides,\.^\c}\. 669 crit/imifoHus,k.^\c\i. 667 Cunuinghamii, BC. . 671 ci/gnorum, Steetz . . 671 dnjadeus, Sieb. . . 669 drymophilus, F.jNIuell. 661 Eiidliclierii, DC. . . 667 fiaccidus, A. Rich. . 658 Gaudichaudianus, A. Rich 672 Georgianus, T)C. . .670 Gilberti, Turcz. . . 670 glandulosus,k.Q,\m.xx. 660 glomeratus, Desf. . . 659 Gregorii, F. Muetl. . 663 helichrijsoides, F. M. 670 hispidulus, A. Rich. . 660 hypoleucus, -F. J/«e//. 672 insularis, Beiith. . . 666 lautus, Forst. . . .667 leptocarpns, DC. . . 665 Lessoni, F. Muell. . 659 leucog]ossus,F.il/«<'//. 669 liitearifohus, A. Rich. 669 Macquariensis, DC. . 667 macranthus, A. Rich. 666 macrodontus, DC. . 669 magnificus, F. Muell. 665 megaglossus, F. M. . 665 mixtus, A. Rich. . . 659 multicauhs, A. Rich. 659 myosotidifolius, Benth.596 odoratus, Ilornem. . 671 odoratus, var. Sond. . 672 papillosus, F. MueU. . 664 pauciligutatiis, A.Tiich. 669 pectinatus, DC. . . 664 persicfotius, A. Rieb. 609 pinnatifotius,. V.Tiich. 667 platylepis, DC. . . 664 ^>r««n///- IIKLDS. LIST OF WOEKS ON NATURAL HISTOHY, TOPOGRAPHY, ANTIQUITY, AND SCIENCE. CONTENTS. 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