®hr i. H. BtU ICtbrary Nortli (EaroUna ^tuU Hniiiprflity B45 V.6 THIS BOOK IS DUE ON THE DATE INDICATED BELOW AND IS SUB- JECT TO AN OVERDUE FINE AS POSTED AT THE CIRCULATION DESK. 50M/3-75 FLORA AUSTRALIENSIS. FLORA AUSTRALIENSIS: A DESCRIPTION PLANTS OF THE AUSTRALIAN TERRITORY. GEORGE BENTHAM, F.R.S., ASSISTED BT BARON FERDINAND VON MUELLER, C.M.G., RR.S., GOVBRNMENT BOTAITIST, MELBOUBKE, VICTOEIA. VOL. VL THTMEIE^ TO DIOSCOBIDEJS. POBLISHED UNDEB THE AUTHORITY OP THE SEVERAL GOVEBNMKNTS OF THE AUSTBALIAN COLONIES. LONDON : L. REEVE & CO., 6, HENRTETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN. 1873. .^' !i> 'Q' ,^^" y-^ b^^S LONDOI.: SAVILI,, HDWAEUS AND CC, PlilNTEBS, CHiNDOS 8TBBKT COVKNT GABDBK. CONTENTS. Pa)?e C0X?=l'F.(Tr3 OF THE OrDERS VU Order CV. Thymelea? 1 CVI. Elaeagnacese 39 CVII. Nepenthacese 40 CVIII. Euphorljiacepe 41 CIX. Urticea; 153 CX. Casuarineae 192 CXI. Piperaceae 203 CXII. Aristolochiacea? 206 CXIII. CupulIferjE 209 CXIV. Santalace» 211 CXV. Balanophoreffi 231 CXVI. Conifera; 232 CXVII. Cycadea; 248 MONOCOTYLEDONS 255 CXVIII. Hydrocharideffi 255 CXIX. Scitaminea; 260 CXX. Orchideffi 266 CXXI. Burmanniaceae 396 CXXII. Iride» 398 CXXIII. Amaryllideffi 415 CXXIV. Taccaceffi 458 CXXV. Dioscoridea:" 459 CONSPECTUS OF TIIE OKDERS CONTAINED IN THE SIXTH VOLUME. Class I. DICOTYLEDONS, SuBCLAss III. MONOCHLAMYDEiE. (ContinueJfromVc.l V.) *** Ovary free bnt evclosed loitkin the haae of the perianth, 1- rardi/ 2-c.ellrd, wiili 1 ovide in each cell. Stijle simple hut not oblique. Flowers mostly hermaplirodite. Leaves entire. CV. TnYMELE^. Ovule pendulous. Hairs silky or spreading. liark stnngy. CVI. El.eagnace^. Ovule erect. Perianth contracted over the otherwnse free ovary. Indumentum scurfy. **** t'loivers strictly ■unisrxual, very rarehj polyganious. Periavth present, at least in one of the se.ves, usuully small and sometinies douhle. Ovary sup>erivr. CVII. NErENTHACE^. Ovary 3- or 4celled, with niauy ovules in each cell. Seed albnniinous. 8candent shrubs. Leaves terminating in pitchers. CVIII. EuPHORRiACE^. Ovary 3-celled, rarely 1- 2- or several-celled, with 1 or 2 pendulnus ovules in each celi, and as many styles or stigmatic branches as celis. Albumeu usually copinus. CIX. TjRTiCEiE. Ovary 1-celled, with I ovule, and 1 or 2 oblique styles or uni- lateral stigmas. Albumen usnally scanty. Stameus opposite the perianth lobes. ***** Perianth none besides small hracts. CX. Casuarine^. Bracts 2 or 4 in decussate pairs. Trees or .shrubs with joinfed stems and branches, leafless except a whorl of teeth at each joint. Male flowers in catkins, females iu cones. CXI. PjPERiTJi. Bracts 1 uuder each flower. Herbs, shrubs or trees, with articu- late branches auJ flat ieaves. Flowers in spikes, racemes or heads, berniaphrodite or uuisexual. ****** Ovary inferior. CXII. Akistolochiace.=e. Flowers hermaphroJite. Periauth with an nbliqui; nr valvately lobed limb. Stamens rouud the base of the style. Ovary 3- or 6-celled, with several ovules in each cell. Herbs or climbers. CXIII. Cupulifer.e. Fluwers unise.xual. Perianth small, various. Ovary 1- to 6-ceIled, with 1 or 2 ovules in each cell. Nuts seateJ on or cnclosed in an iuvolucre. Trees or shrubs. CXIV. Santal.\ce.e. Flowers usually hermaphrodite, oftcn minute. Perianth-Iobes valvate. Staniens opposite the Inbes, Ovary wi;h few pendulous ovules rnrely cnn- spicuons till after fecnndation. l)rupe indehiscent. Sbrubs, herbs or rarely trees. CXV. 1>alanopiiore.e. Flesliy scapigerous Icafless root-parasites. Flowers uni- sexual, sniall, in dense teiininal lirads or spikes. Pcriantli-Inbes valvate. Slamens 3. 0\arv 1- or 2 ceiled, with 1 pendiilous ovule in each cell. D. H. HILL LIBRARY North Carolina State College Viii CONSPECTUS OF THE ORUERS. SuBCLAss IV. GYMNOSPERM.E. Flowers strictly uuisexual, without perianths. Anther-cells 2 or more sessile on the Bcale-like connectives or scales of a catkin or cone. Uvules in the axils or upon the Bcales of a cone or a fleshy cup or receptacle without any ovary. CXVI. CosiFEK/E. Branchiiig trces or shruLs, with needle-like or vigid entire leaves or scales. Stamens in catkuis with scale-like connectives, Leaiiug 2 or few auther-cells. CXVII. Cycavje,. Truaks woody, usually simple, witb a palm-like crown of large pinnate leaves. Anther-cells numerous on the coucealed uuder bide of the scales of a hiige coue. Class II. MONOCOTYLEDONS. 8teui not distiuguishahle into pith, wood and bark, bnt wlien perennial, consisting of bundles of fibres irregnlarly imbedded iu cellular tissue, with a firmly adherent rind outside. Seeds with one cotyledon, the embryo undivided, the young stems de.veloped from a sheath-like cavity on one side. Leaves radical or alternate aud parallel veiued or rarely pinnate and cvowning the undivided stem. * Ovary inferior. CXVIII. Hydkochaeide^. Aquatic plants ^vith regular mostly uniscxual flowers. No albumen. CXIX. SciTA>iiNE.a:. Flowers irregular, one or more or all but one of the stamens reduced to staminodia or wanting. Seeds albuminous. CXX. Okchide.e. riowers irregnlar, only one or two of the stamens perfect and inserted on the style. Seeds minute, with a homogeneous embryo. Inflorescence centripetal. CXXI. BuKMANNiACE.s:. Flowcrs regular. Anthersnearly sessile, the cells separafed. Seeds minutc, with a homogeueous embryo. Inflorescence centrifugal. Leaves laterally flatteuod or reduced to scales. (-XXII. Ikide^. Flowers regular or nearlj' so. Anthers opening outwards. Seeds albuminous. Inflorescence centrifugal. Leaves lateially flattened or terete. CXXIII. Amakyllide^. Flowers Tcgular or nearly so. Anthcrs opening inwards. Placentas axile. Seeds albuniinous. Inflorescence centiipetal. Leaves chiefly radical, veinlets when present transverse. CXXIV. TACCACEiE. Flowers regular or nearly so. Anthers opening inwards. Placentas parietal. Seeds albuminous. Infloresceuce centripetal (umbcUate). Leaves radical, large, often divideil. CXXV. DioscoEiDEJE. Flowers small, unisexual, regular. Anthers opening inwards. Sceds albuminous. Stems usually twining. Leaves altei-nate, veiulets reticulate. FLOEA AUSTEALIENSIS. Order CV. THYMELEiE. Flowers liermaphrodite or rarely dioecious. Perianth siraple, tubular or campanuhite, 4-lobed or in g-enera not Australian o-h)bed, usually reg-ular, the lobes imbricate in the bud, with the addition in many g-enera not Australian of small scales, alternatino- with the lobes at their base. Stamens either 2 only, or as many as the lobes of the perianth or twice as many ; fihiments inserted in the throat or within the tube ; anthers with 2 parallel cells opening- loug-itudinally. Ovary free within the base of the perianth, 1- or rarely 2-ceIled, with 1 or rarely 2 or 3 pendulous anatropous ovules. Style simple, with a terminal entire capitate or truncate stigma. Fruit an indehiscent nut dnipe or berr}-, or rarely a 2-valved capsule. Seed with or without albumen ; embryo straight, with a superior radicle. — Shrubs trees or rarely herbs, with a stringy bark. Leaves alternate or o})posite, always simple and entire. Flow^ers in terminal or axillary clusters heads umbels racemes or spikes, rarely sohtary, often surrounded by an invo- lucre of 4 or more bracts, differing; more or less from the stem-leaves. A considerable Order, wideiy distributed over mpst parts of the glube. Staraens 2. Periantli-lobes 4 1. Pimelea. Stamens 4, alteruating with the perianth-lobes. Densely tufted pro- strate shrub 2. Drapetes. Stameiis twice as many as perianth-lobes. Shrubs or small trees. Ovary 1-celled, with 1 ovule. Hypogynous scales 4, free or united in pairs 3. Wikstrumia. Ovary 2-celled, w.th 1 ovule in each cell. Hypogynous scales united in a short cup 4. Phaleria. 1. PIMELEA, Banks and Soland. (Thecanthes, Wikstr.; Gymnococca, Fisch. et Jleijer; Heterolaena a?ic? Calyptrostegia, C. A. Mey.; Macrostegia, Turcz.). Perianth tubular, with a spreading- or rarely erect 4-lobed limb, with- out scales but often slightly thickened or fohled round the throat. Stamens 2, inserted in the throat opposite the 2 outer perianth-lobes. VOL. VI. B 2 cv. THYMELE.E. [Pimelea. No h}^ogynoiis scales. Ovary 1-celled, with 1 pendulous ovule. Style elongated, attachcd to one side of the ovary immediately below the apex. Fruit a small drupe, with a membranous or succulent epicarp, the endocarp nut-like, crustaceous, often hooked at the top. Seed peu- dulous with a membranous testa ; albumen scanty or copious ; cotyle- dons broad or narrow, rather thick, long-er than the radicle. — Shrubs undershrubs or herbs. Leaves opposite or alternate. Inflorescence varied within the limits of the Order, but never umbellate. Perianth white pink or yellowish, often silky-villous. The genus is limited to Australasia, comprising, besides tbe Australian species, one of wbich is also from New Zealand, nine others confined to New Zealand. Sect. 1. Thecanthes. — Involucral hracts united into a i-lobed cup. Perianth-tule glabrous, not circumsciss. — Glahrous annuuls. Involucral lobes very broad, shorter than the entire part, usually marked with forked veins 1. F. punicea. Involucral lobes reaching to about the middle, with the midrib alone prominent. Invoiucral lobes very broad. Filaments twice as long as the perianth-lobes. Flowers white 2. P. concreta. Invoiucral iobes acute. Filaments much shorter than the periantli-lobes. Flowers red 3. P. cornucopice. Involucral lobes reaching nearly to the base, several-nerved and longer than the ilowers. Filaments much shorter than the perianth-lobes. Flowers red 4. P. savguinea. Sect. 2. Eupimelea. — Involucral hracts free, liJce the stem-lcaves or rather hroader. Perianth-tuhe silky-villous, not circumsciss. — Prostrate or much brancled shrubs, with flat or concave leavis usually ojjposite. Tasmanian or mountain specics. Stem and leaves glabrous. Involucral bracts rather broader than the stem-leavcs. Leaves under ^ in. long. Perianth-tube 2 to 3 lines . . . 5. P. cdpina. Ltaves mostly above | in. Ferianth-tube about ^ in. . . . 6. P. longifolia. Stem and undcr-side of the lcaves Biiky-viilous, upper side gla- brous. Involucral bracts likc the stem-leaves 1. P. cinerea. Stem and leaves on both sides densely siivery-silky. Involucral bracts like the stem-leaves 8. P. Milligani. (43. P. leptostachya has the perianth not circumsciss, but the flowers iu spikes, without bracts and the leaves alternate.) Sect. 3. Heterolsena. ' — Involucral brncts free, much broader than thr leares. Perianthtuhe not circumsciss — Hhrubs. Leaves opposite, glabrous, flat {not concuve) or with the margins recurved or revolute. Species ull Westcrn. Leaves oblong or lanceolate, acute ormucronate, | to above 1 in. long. Perianth-tube above 4 in. long, witli long spreading hairs, the upper part witli short appressed hairs ..... 9. P. spectahilis. l^ea.\es o^ P. .'ipectabilis but shortcr and less acute. Perianth- tnbe with only a few scattered hairs above the long spreading ones 10. P. Lehmanniana. Leaves flatter Bhorter broader and more obtuse. Involucral bracis often with coloured margins. Perianth-tube 4 to 6 lineslong H. P hispida. Leaves oblong-linear or lanceolate, mostly acute, the margins much recurved. Perianth-tube under 4 in.-long 12. P. ro.sea. .LeaveB ovate or oblong, obtuse, under { in. long, the margins much recurved. Perianth-tube under 4 in. long 13. P.ferrvginea. Piinelea.] ' CV. THYMELEiE. 3 Leaves narrow, 2 to 3 lines loug, tlie margins much recurved. renanth-tiibe 2 to 2^ lines long 14. P. bracliypliylla. (16. P. brei-ifolia', witli sniall concave leaves scems also to have tlie perianth-tube scavcely circmusciss.) Sect. 4. Calyptrostegia. — Flowcrs hermapJirocUte or in some specimens female by ahortion. J'crianth-tube (fter foivering (cxcept in P. leptostacliya) circumsciss above the ovary, leauing the loicir portion ovlji persistint round the fruit. Anthers icith a narrow conncctivc, the cclls very di.stinct and afler they open placcd haclc to back. SunsECT. 1. Calyptridium. — Floivcr-hcctds terminal, ivith 4-G hroad persident in- volucralbracts. — Shrubs {or one species ahard annualf) with opposite leaves. * Wester7i species. — Leaves Jiai or concave, glahrous as well as the branches. Cotyledons usuully narrow. Invohicral bracts all ghibrous. Periaulh perfectly ghibrous 15. P. sylvestris. Perianth raore or loss hairy. Leavc.s penniveiucd, clliptical or lanceolate. Hairs of the periauth all spreading, fewonly in the upper part . . . 16. P. brevifolia. Leaves narrow without Literal veius. Hairs of the perianth short and appressed iu the upper part, with or without long spreading oues lovver down 17. P. Jlaxwelli. Inner invohicral bracts silky-villous inside. Leaves Hnear or h^nceolate. Short persistent portion of the perianth very dcuscly hispid, deciduous portion villous with appressed hairs. Bracts scarcely acuminate, much shorter than the perianth. Leaves mostly linear 18. P. angustifolia. Bracts herbaceous, acumiuate, nearly as long as the pe- rianth-tube. Leaves mostly lanceolate 19. P. nervosa. Leaves ovate oblong or broadly lanceolate. Flower-heads rodding. Perianth silky-villous throughout, hairs of tbe lower part above the ovary often kmger but scarcely spreading. Bracts scarcely acuminate 20. P. sulphurea. Bracts herbaceous, acuminate. Flower-heads large. Short persistent portion of tbe perianth very densely villous 21. P. florihunda. Perianth with long spreading hairs in the lower part. Bracts large, obtuse, thiu aud coloured, but not concealing the fiowers 22. P. suaveolem. Perianth glabrous in the lower part, the long narrow-Iinear lobes hairy. Bracts very large, obtuse, coloured, com- pletely enclosing the fiowers 23. P. physodes. ** Eastcrn species. — Leaves more or Itss concave, glabrous as ivell as the stem. Cotijlcdons usually broad. Perianth nearly glabrous at the base, hairy upwards. Hairs of the receptacle very long 24. P. glauca. Perianth hairy throughout. Hairs of the receptacle short. Leaves narrow, acute, very concave. Involucral bracts acu- minate 25. P. colorans. Leaves mostly oblong, obtuse. Bracts scarcely acuminate. Leaves with 1 or 2 prominent marginal or submarginal veins underueath. Flower-heads erect. Involucral bracts with a prominent midrib 26. P. collina. Leaves without ijrominent margiual veins. Bracts large and thin 27. P. spathvlata. B Q 4 cv. THYMELE.i:. [Pimelea. *** Eastern species. — Glahrous silhi-hairy or tomentose. Leavcs flat or icith the margins morc or less recurved. Cotyledons usually hroad. Brancbes and leaves glabrous. Leaves narrow, under 1 in. long 28. P. linifolia. Leaves oblong or broad, above 1 in. long . . . . . . . 29. P. ligmtrina. Branches silky-hairy. Leaves glabrous or loosely silky-hairy . 30. P. humilis. Branches and underside of tbe leaves silvery-silky 31. P. sericea. Brancbes and underside of the leaves white-tomentose . . . .32. P. nivea. SuBSECT. 2. Phyllolsena. — Floiver-heads with numerous involucral hracts not broader than the leaves. — ]Vester7i species. Leaves mostly alternate, glabrous or loosely siiky-villous. Pe- rianth-lobes sbort _ ..... 33. P. imhricata. Leaves mostly opposite, villous. Perianth very hispid, the lobes longer tban the tube 34. P. villifera. SuBSECT. 3. Choristachys. — Floivers in clusters spikes or racemes, unthout in- volucres, or the bractx nut broader than the leuves and very deciduous. Leavesflat or with slightly recurvcd margins. — Eastern or Iropical species. Leaves opposite. Fiower-clusters mostly axillary, small. Fruit usually suc- cuient 35. P. druparea. Fiowers large, red, in a terminal dense spike 36. P. hcemutostachya. Flowers very smail, in terminal clusters or spikes. Plant glabrous. Leaves mostly oblong. Flower-clusters lengtbening into spikes or racemes 37. P. spicata. Leaves raostly dvate or ovate-lanceolate. Flower-clusters not lengthening 38. P.flliformis. Leaves mostly alternate, silky-villous. Leavesratber bri)ad, l^-S in. long. Flowers sbortly spicate. 1'criantli 3-4 lines long 39. P. latifolia. Leaves linear. Perianth not 2 lines long. Fruiting spike sbortly capitate 40. P. simjilcx. Fruiting spike long and interrupted. Perianth hairs silky appressed 41. P. sericostachya. Perianth-hairs rigid and spreading 42. P. trichostachya. Leaves alternate, glabrous or slightly silky. Fruiting spike long aud interrupted. Perianth small, not circumsciss . . . . 43. P. leptostachya. Sect. 5. Malistachys. — Flov)ers {small) strictly dioecious. Male perianth with a slender tuhe. Avthers with a narrow connective, the cells very distinct and after they are open placed hach to back. Ovary abortive. FemaJe 2)erianth-tuhe afterflowering circumsciss above the ovary, the lower portion persistent round tha sumewhat succuhnt fruit and almost adnate to it. Leaves silky-viilous or hairy. — Western species. Flower-clusters all sessile and axillary 44. P. argcntea. Flowerclusters termiual or on axillary peduncles 45. P. clavata. Sect. 6. Dithalamia. — Floivers (small) strictly dia-cious. Male perianth vith a tlender tuhe : anthers icith a narrow connectivc, the cells very distincf. and after they are open placed bark to hack; ovary abortive or rudimentary. Female periavtk wholUj per-sistnit with small lohes divided to the ovary, or rarehj with u short tuhe and tardily circumsciss. Fruit not at all, or slightly succulent. Leaves opposite, flat, or nearly so. Flower-clusters all asillary. Lateral veins of the leaves very divercing. Male perianth- tube 1 to 1 4 iincs long " 46. P. a.riflora. Lateral vcins nearly parallel to the midrib. Male perianth- tube 4 to 5 lines long A.1. P.leptospermoides. Pimelea.] cv. thvmele^. 6 Flower-clusters terminal, or in the forks. Leaves liuoar-lanceolate, mostly J to 1 iu. long. Fiowers moro or less siliiy Iiairy 48. -P. microcephala. Flowers quite glabrous 49. -P. paucifiora. Leaves oblong, witli recurved margins, 2 to 4 lines long . . 50. P. elachantha. Leavcs small, ovate, coriaceous, niore or less concave. Difluse or very much branched low shrubs. Flowers glabrous, or sparingly ciliate. Flowers mostly sdlituiy, upper leaves anJ periantha ciliato with a few long hairs 51. P. ■pygmcr.n. Flowers clustered, quite glabrous as well as tlie leaves . 52. P. strpijllijolia. Erect, shortly dichotomous shrubs. Flowers silky-villous. Leaves mostly obtuse. Female periauth tube not produccJ above the ovary 53. P. flava. Leaves mostly acute. Female perianlh-tube proJuced abovo thc ovary anJ sometimes tardily circumsciss . . 54. P. petrophila. Sect. 7. ESpalla^e. — P/owers hermaphrodite or more or less dicecious. Perianth- tuhe usualhj circumsciss after fioweriiig, learing the lower jyortion persistent round the fruit. Anthers rather fitit, with a hroad dor.t. Keg. t. 1827 ; P. hi/perlciiia, A. Cunn. in Bot. Alag. t. 3330, Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 505 ; Caliiptrosleqia hjjpericina, C. A. Mey. in Buil. Acad. Petrop. iv. (1845) 74; P. elegans, F. Moore in Ilhistr. Horticole, viii. t' '295. N. S. Wales. Hastings and Clarence rivors, C. iloore ; Sydney woods, Paris E.xliiliition 1855, n. 207, JTArthur; Illawarra, .4. Cunningham, Shepherd ; Mittagong, Woolh. Victoria. Dandenong Ranges, F. MueUer ; Upper Genoa river, Stevenson. Var. V macrostegia. Leaves oblong. Flower-heads larger tlian usual, nodding, with the broad involucral bracts as long as the fiowers. Periaulli-hairs spreading, rigid and exceedingly caducous, leaving the persistent base quite glabrous, the npper part often glabrous from the first, the whole plant rcsenibling the Swan river form of P. Lekman- niana. Perhaps a distinct species but cannot be sufficiently characterized without more satistactory specimens. S. Australia. Sandy scrub, Kangaroo island, Waterhouse. 30. P. humilis, R. Br. Prod. 3G1. A small shrub, branching from the base, more or less silky-villous at least on the stems, the foliag-e often becoming- fj-labrous, trora under (3 in. to 1 or even l^ ft. hig-h. Leaves opposite, rather crowded, sessile, oblong- or almost ovate-oblong-, obtuse or rarelj ahnost acute, \ to near J in. long-, ilat or sHg-hth'' con- vex or concave, the midrib prominent underneath, and the lateral veins sometimes conspicuous. Flower-heads g'lobular, the involucral bracts 4 or sometimes 0, ovate or broadly ovate-oblong-, usually obtuse, slightly silky-villous inside, either nearly as long- as the perianth-tubes or shorter. Perianths silky-villous, the tube •4 to 5 lines long-, circumsciss after flowering- considerably above the ovary, the lobes about \^ lines long-. Filaments usually about half as long- as the ovary; anthers oblong, with a narrow connective, the cells when opened placed back to back. Fruit shortlv stipitate within the perianth, but not seen ripe. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 602 ; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 334. Victoria. ^\mme\a,, Dallachy : Mount Ararat, Green ; lAti\ev\\eY,F.Mueller; Burra-Barra, Hinteracker; Wendu vale, Roherlson ; Portland, Allitt. Tasmauia. Port Dabymple, R.Brown; abundant on dry hills aud pastures through- out the island, J. D. Hooker. S. Australia. Mount Lofty range, F. Mueller; near Adelaide, F. Mueller, Blandowski. 31. P. sericea, R. Br. Prod. 361. A bushy shrub of 1 to i?ft. resembling- P. nivea, but readily known by the dense indumentum of the branches and underside of the leaves consistiug" of silvery-silky hairs. Leaves opposite, crowded, ovate or oblong-, under ^ in. long-, g-labrous above, flat or the margins recurved (concave when fresh .'). Flower- heads terminal ; involucral bracts 4 to 6, rather larg-er than the stem- leaves. Perianth like that of P. nivca, the tube usually 4 or 5 lines long-, circumsciss above the ovary after tiowering-, the lobes at least \h lines long-. Filaments rather long-er than the anthers, connective narrow, the cells placed back to back when open. In some specimens the flowers are all female with smaller perianths and abortive anthers. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 509 ; Hook. f Fl. Tasm. i. 333 ; P. lanata, Hensl. in Maund, Botanist, ii. t. 61 not of R. Br. c2 20 cv. THYMELE^. [Pimelea. Tasmania. Monnt Wellington (Table mountain), JR. Brmcn ; summits of all the mountains at an elevation of 3000-4000 ft., /. D. Booker. —Uenshw describes the leavcs as cfincave wbicli they may be when fresh ; in the dried state the margins are nsually distinctly rccurved. 32, P. nivea, Lahill. Pl. Nov. Holl. i. 10, t. 6. An erect bxishy or strao-o-lino- shrub, the branches and underside of the leaves white with a close dense more or less crisped tomentum, accompanied sometimes by a few silky hairs but never densely silky as in P. sericca. Leaves opposite, ovate or orbicuhir, rarely broadly elliptical-oblonf^, under J in. lono-, rather thick, g-labrous above, with recurved marf>;ins. Flower-headsg-lobular, terminal ; involucral bracts 4 to 6, rather iarg-er than the stem-leaves. Perianths white or pink, tomentose or silky, the tube usually 4 to 5 lines long-, circumsciss immediately above the ovary after Howering-, the lobes l^ lines lon^. Filaments nearly as long- as the lobes, the anthers with a narrow connective, the cells when open placed back to back; in some spccimens the perianths are smallerwith abortive anthers, but the flowers fertile in both forms. Fruit small, scarcely acuminate, the epicarp membranous. — R. Br. Prod. 361 ; Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 509 ; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 332 ; Knowl. and Westc. Fh Cab. t. 9 ; P. incam, E. Br. l.c. ; Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 509 ; Bot. Reg-. 1838, t. 24 : Maund, Botanist, t. 14? ; Ileterohnia nivea and H. incaua, C. A. Mey. in Bull. Acad. Petrop. iv. (1845) 73. Tasmania. Port Dalrymple and Mount Wellington (Table Mountain), B. Brown; abundant throughout the island, ascending to the summits of the Western Monntaiiis, at an elevatinn of 3500 ft., J D. Hooher. C. A. Meyer places this species in his Heterolcena, cbaracterized cbiefly by the perianth remaining entire when in fruit, but I find it always circunisciss in P. nivea as the fruit ripens. I have not been able to find any perfectly ripe seeds so as to verify the embryonal character, which however certainly is the sanie in Heterolcena as in some species at least of the Calyptridium section of Calyptrostegia. SuBSECT. 2. Phyllol^na. — Flower-heads terminal, with nume- rous invohicral bracts not at all or scarcely broader than the leaves. 33. P. imbricata, R. Br. Prod. 301. A small erect much-branched shrub, from \mder 6 in. to l|ft. hig-h, sometimes clothed from the base with long- silky hairs, sometimes with all the leaves except the uppermost g'habrous. Leaves usually crowded, either mostly alternate or nearly all opposite, from oblong'-lanceolate and under \ in. long" to linear and above | in., the upper ones almost alw-ays ciliate with lon^ hairs, all flat or slig-htly concave. Flower-heads g-lobular ; involucral bracts 8 or more, scarcely broader than the stem-leaves and much shorter than the flowers. Perianth-tube hirsute with long- spreading' hairs, usually 2|^ to 3 liues long-, but sometimes rather longer, circumsoiss above the ovary after flowering-, the upper portion and the narrow lobes silky with appressed hairs. Filaments nearly as long- as the lobes ; anthers ovoid or oblong' with a narrow connective, the cells when open placed back to back. Ripe seed not seen. — Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 005, ii. 270, and in DC. Prod. xiv. 507, Pimelea.] cv. THYMELEiE. 21 W. Australia. King George'8 Sound anJ neighbouring districts, B. Brown, and many otlicrs. A variable species of which tlicre are .3 principal forms : — 1. Barteri, Meissn. Dcnsely branched with sniall glabrous leaves, flowers usually pink.— Kiiig George's Sound, li. Browii, Baxter, Frciss, n. 1273, &c. ; Fitzgorald and Plantagenet ranges, Maxwcll. 2. gracillima, Meissn. Taller witii slender branchcs, short narrow glabrons leavea, smallcr flowcr-heads and even tho bracts sometimes neariy glubr^nis. — P. raicrocephala, Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 60G not of K. Brown ; Drummond, l.st coll. n. 552. ■3. pdigera. Low or tall. Leaves narrow, ofteii ^ in. long, all or mostly clothed with loug lodse silky hairs. Flowerdieads and flowers rather laryje, flowers usually white. — P. pilibunda, .\. Cunn. Ilcrb. ; P. nana, Grah. in Edinb. Ncw rhii. Journ. xx\x. 174 ; Bot. Mag. t. 3833 ; Mei>sn. in Pl. Preiss. i. 606, ii. 272, and in DC. Prod. xiv. 508 ; P. crinita, Lindl. in Bot. Rcg. 1838, Misc. 59 ; Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 507 ; Calyp- trosteyia nana, Endl. Gen. Suppl. iv. part 2, 61. Svvan river, Drummond, \st coll. n. 553 ; Preiss, n. 1275, 1277 ; Port Gregory and Vasse river, Oldjidd ; Phillips river, Maxioell. l)rummond's ith coll. n. 236, appears to be intermediate between the first and the tbird forms. 34. P. villifera, Meissn. in Pl. Preiss. ii. 271, and in DC. Prod. xiv. 508. An erect rather coarse branchiiig" shruh, villous with rather stiff hairs. Leaves mostly opposite, sessile, oblong--lanceolate, llat, thick but soft, 4 to 6 or 8 lines lono\ Flower-heads g-lobular, densely hirsute ; involucral bracts 8 or more, similar to the stem-leaves or rather niore lanceolate, obtuse, often as lono' as the Howers. Perianths hirsute with rather long- hairs, altog-ether scarcely above 3 lines long", cir- cumsciss above the ovary after flowering-, tlie lobes at least as long- as the tube. Filaments about as long- as the lobes ; anthers with a rather broad connective, but the cells when open placed back to back. — Calijp- trostegia vilUjera, Walp. Ann. iii. 324. ^V. Australia. Drummond, Ath coll. n. 239. — This is certainiy allied to P. imbricata, of wliich sonie varieties have small perianths, but the shape is different, besides that in P. villifera they are equally liispid on the lobes and the tube. SuBSECT. 3. Choristachys. — Flowers in clusters spikes or racemes, without involucres or the bracts not broader than the leaves and very deciduous. Leaves flat or with slig'htly recurved rnargins. Flowers small, except in P. fics/natostach//a. Seeds, where known, witli scanty albumen and broad cotyledons. 35. P. drupacea, LaMll. Pl. Nov. Holl. i. 10, t. ?. A strag-gling shrub, attaining- 6 to 8ft. but often mucli lower, the branches more or less silky- hairy. Leaves all opposite, from ovate to oblong-elliptical or oblong-- linear,obtuse or mucronulate,f to 2 in. long-, glabrous above,pale andoften slightly silky-hairy underneath, flat or with recurved margins. Flower- heads terraiual on the young shoots, but mostly tippearing axillary and sessile from the extreme shortness of theflowering branches, subtended by 2 bracfs similar to the stem-leaves but sm:iller. Flowers small, not nu- merous, white tinged with pink, on small turbinate hirsute pedicels, Perianth silky-hairy, the tube about 2 lines long, circumsciss above the ovary after flowering, the lobes about 1 line long. Filaments very short; 22 cv. THYMELE^. \Pimelea. anthers with a narrow connective, the cells when open placed back to back. Fruit a drupe, enclosed in the membranous persistent base of the perianth, red or bhick when ripe, the epicai"p more or less succulent, the endocarp smooth and shining'. Seed with the albumen not copious and broad cotyledons. — R. Br. Prod. 361 ; Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 515 ; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 331 ; Sweet Fl. Austral. t. 52 ; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 640 ; Gymnococca dmpacea, Fisch, et Mey. Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. X. (1845) 46. Victoria. 8ealer'8 Cove, F. Mueller. Tasmania. Derwent river and Poit Dalrymple, R. Broion ; abundant In humid forests in a rich soil, /. D. Hooher. F. umbratica, A. Cunn. Herb. ; Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 510, froni Logan Vale, as far as the specimens gn, is undistingiiishable from P. dnipacea, except in the rather smaller flowers. The station is however so far distant that more perfect specimens may possibly show it to be distinct. 36. P. haematostachya, F. Muell. Frugm. i. 84. An erect perennial of 1 to 13 ft. perfectly g'labrous except the iullorescence, somewhat g-laucous, not much branched. Leaves opposite, sessile or nearly so, oblong- or lanceohite, obtuse, mostly 1 to \^ in. long-. Flower-heads peduncuhite above the last stem-leaves, larg-e and hirsute, at first g^lobular, but soon lengthening into a dense spike of i]'. to 4 in. Involucral bracts 4 to 8, very deciduous so as to be seen only on the very young head, linear, membranous and hairy. Flowers of a blood-red colour, numerous and crowded. Perianth slightly silky-hairy, the slender tube above -| in. long-, circumsciss above the ovary after llowering', the lobes about 2 lines long-. Fihiments at least as long- as the lobes ; anthers oblong, with a narrow connective, the cells when open phiced back to back, Fruit not succulent, the persistent base of the perianth very hairy, the epicarp membranous. Seed with scanty albumen and broad cotyledons. Queensland. Burdekin river and Peak Downs, F. Mueller ; Dawson river, Leichhardt ; Kockingham and Edgecombe Bays, Dallachy; Port Denison, Fitzalan ; Nerkool Creek and Bowen river, Bowman; Suttor river, Sutherland ; ilockhampton, 0'Shanestj, Thozet. 37. P. spicata, R. Br. Prod. 362. A small much-branched shrub, usutill}' g-hibrous, with slender wiry branches. Leaves opposite, very shortly petiolate, oblong--elliptical, from under h in. to nearly 1 in. long'. Flowers very small, in heads at first short and shortly peduncu- late above the last leaves, but soon lengthening" out into more or less interrupted spikes or rather racemes, from uuder J in. to nearly 1 in. long-, without involucral bracts, the slender rhachis short pedicels and perianths all quite g-labrous. Perianth-tube slender, about 1| lines long-, circumsciss about the middle after lloweriug-, the lobes scarcely halt as long-. Filaments short ; anthers with a narrow connective, the cells when open placed back to back. Fruiting- base of the perianth about 2 lines long-, bottle-shaped ; fruit acuminate, the epicarp mem- brauous, tipped when young with a few long- hairs. — Meissn. in DC. Pimcieu.] cv. thymele^. 23 Prod. xiv. 514 ; Rud^e in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 288, t. 14, f. 2 ; Cali/i)- trostcijia spicnta, Endl. Gen. Pl. Suppl. iv. part 2, 01. N. S. Wales. Port Jackson and neiglibouring districts, B. Brown, A. S B. Cunniiigliaiii, and others. P. spiculigera, F. Muell. Ilerb. from ncar Lake jMuir, in W. .\nstralia, /. B. Muir, is e^ndently very nearly allied to P. i^picata, but the specimen is wholly insufiicieut to characterize it either as a variety or distinct species. 38. P. filiformis, Hook. f. in Hooli. Lond. Journ. vi. 280, and in Fl. TdKm. i. 331, t. Uo. A diffuse or prostrate slirub, g"labrous or nearly so, witb slender abnost fibform brancbes, closely allied to P. spicata, but witb tbe leaves usually smaller and broader, and tbe ilower-beads do not lengtben into a spike. Periantbs glabrous or sprinkled witb a few hairs, of tbe size of tbose of P. spieata, but tbe lobes long-er in propor- tion to tbe tube, and tbe fikments ratber long-er. — Meissn. in DC Prod. xiv. 514. Tasmania. Apparently rare, althnugh found in abundance in one spot near Pen- guete, Launceston, Lawrence, Gunn, Archer. 39. P. latifolia, R. Br. Prod. 362. A spreading silky-bairy sbrub or undersbrub of 1 to 2 ft. Leaves alternate, elHptical or lanceobxte, acute, tapering- into a very sbort petiole, \^ to 3 in. long", glabrous above, silky-bairy underneatb. Flower-beads more or less lengtbened into sbort spikes, sbortly pedunculate above tbe last leaves, witbout in- volucral bracts, becoming' biteral or in tbe forks of tbe brancbes by tbe elong-ation of tbe biteral sboots, tbe rbacbis of tbe fruiting- spike often ^ in. long'. Periautb-tube about 2 Hnes long-, circumsciss about tbe middle after liowering-, leaving- a bottle-sbaped fruiting- base as in P. spicata, tbe lobes rather short and obtuse. Filaments sbort ; antbers with a narrow connective, the cells wben open placed back to back. Fruit sbortly acuminate, epicarp membranous, endocarp more hooked at the end tlian in many species. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 514. Queensland. Cumberhind island, B.Brown; Port Denison, Fitzalan; Rock- hampton, Thozet; Head of the Dee river, Bownian; Mount Elliott and Mount Mueller, Dallachy. 40. P. simplex, F. Muell. in Linncea, xxv. 443. An erect slender brancbing- aunual of about 1 ft., glabrous except the intlorescence and much resembHng P. trichostachya (witb wbicb F. Mueller proposes to unite it) in habit and foHage, but witb a different inHorescence and flowers. Leaves alternate, Hnear, mostly about \ in. long. Flower- heads small, depressed-globubxr, surrounded wben young by 2 to 4 deciduous involucral bracts like tbe stem-leaves but smaller, and remaiuing dense and compact after tlowering, tbe birsute rhacbis not exceeding 2 Hnes. Flowers smaller tban in P. trichustachija, tbe periantb- hairs sborter and less spreading, tbe tube mucb sborter above tbe ovary, but simibirlv circumsciss after tiowering aud tbe fruit the same. — Meissn. in Linucea, xxvi. 350, and in DC. Prod. xiv. 511. Victoria. i\Iurray desert, Dallachy. S. Australia. Oudnaka and N. of Lake Gairdner, F. MueUer. 24 cv. THYMELEiE. [Pivielea. 41. P. sericostachya, F. 3Iuell. Fragm. iv. 162. Apparently shrubby at the base, with erect briinching- stems, all under 1 ft. in the specimens seen but said to attain l^ f't., the whole plant ck)thed with long- silvery- silky hairs which soon disappear from the upper side of the leaves, Leaves alternate, hmceolate or oblong--linear, \ ^o 1 in. long-. Flowers very small, in heads compact when in very youny bud, but soon leng-then- ing- intointerruptedspikes often several incheslong-, always pedunculate above the last leaf, without involucral bracts. Perianth shortl}- silky- hair}', the tube slender, about 2 lines long', circumsciss above the ovary after flowering, the lobes about \ line. Anthers abortive in all the spe- cimens seen, but F. Mueller describes them as nearly sessile in bisexual flowers, In fruit the persistent base of the perianth enlarg-es to 3 lines ; fruit acuminate, the epicarp membrunous, the endocarp scarcely hooked. Queensland. Sellhain river, Bowman. Var. parvifolia. Leaves mostly about 2 lines long. N, S. TVales. Lachlan river, Frazer. 42. P. trichostachya, IJndl. in Mitch. Trop. Avstr. 355. An erect slender branching- annual of about 1 ft., glabroiis and g'laucous except the inflorescence. Leaves alternate, liuear, concave, ^ to i in. long-. Flower-heads at first short, but soon lengthening into a slender inter- rupted hairy spike or raceme of 1 to 2 in., without any invnlucral bracts diflerent from the stem-leaves, the flowers small " vellow" and very shortly pedicellate. Perianth not above 2 lines long, the tube circumsciss above the ovary after flowering-, the persistent base clothed with long- spreading- hairs ; the lobes not above ^ line long*. Filaments short ; anthers oblong* with a narrow connective, the cells when open placed back to back. Fruit acuminate, the epicarp membranous. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 514 ; Calyptrostegia trichostachya, Walp. Ann. iii. 325. Queensland. On the Maranoa river, iliiit7ie?^; Bokhara Creek, Zetc/Jiar£?<; Dar- ling- Downs, Lavi. N. S. Wales, Murray river near tbe junction with the Murrumbidgee, F. Mueller. 43. P. leptostachya, Benth. A slender undershrub (or annual with a hard base ?), much branched, with erect or ascending- stems of ^ to 1 ft,, glabrous or sprinkled with a few silky hairs especially on the inflorescence and flowers. Leaves alternate, lanceolate or oblong- linear, | to 1 in. long. Flowers snuill, in loose spikes scarcely forming a head when very young-, and leng'thening- to 1 or l^ in., Avithout invo- lucral bracts. Perianth about 2| lines long-, sprinkled with appressed hairs, not circumsciss after flowering-, the lobes rather long-, rilaments short ; anthers with a narrow connective, the cells placed back to back "when open. Fruiting perianth about 3 lines long-, bottle-shaped at the base, contracted into a short neck terminating- in tlic persistent lobes. Fruit acuminate, the epicarp membranous, hairy at the apex, the endo- carp tubercular-rugose, not hooked. Queensland. Herbert's Creek aud Rockhampton, Bowman. The species ib evi- Pimelea.] cv. thymele^. 25 dently nllied to P. trichostachya and P. sericostachi/a, but is neariy plabrous and difTers froni the whole section in tlie iiersistent apox ol' the perianth, whilst other characters preveiit tlie placing it in Eupimelea. It is very dilVerent in the shape of the perianth as weli as in the alternate leaves froin P. spicata, to which it is inadvertently refcrred by F. Mueller, Fragm. viii. 9. Sect. 6. Malistachys, C. A. Mcy. — Involucral bracts free, usually small or little dirtoreiit from the stem-leaves. Flowers (small) strictly diopcious. Male j»eriaiith with a slender tube ; anthers with a narrow connective, the cells very distinct, and when o[)en placed l)ack to back ; ovary abortive. Female perianth-tube circumsciss above the ovary after llowering", the lower })ortion persistent round the somewliat suc- culent fruit and almost adnate to it. Leaves silky-villous or hairy. 44. P. argentea, li. Br. Prod. 362. An erect shrub with usually virg-ate l)ranches, attaininy 5 or G ft., more or less clothed with soft silky hairs, appressed or somewhat woolly on the branches, and when abimdant giving- the plant a silvery-white appearance. Leaves oppo- site or occasionaHy alternate, sessile, those below the inllorescence oblong- or hmceolate, llat or concave, often above 1 in. long-, smaller on side branches ; the iloral ones usually shorter and broader, var^^ing- however from very like the stem-leaves and in distant pairs along- the long- leafy branches, to short and broadly ovate closely approximate or imbricate in leaty spikes. Flowers dicecious, very small and oflen numerous, in axillary clusters shorter than the floral leaves. Males usually on slender pedicels ; perianth-tube g-labrous, filiform, 1 to li lines long-, the lobes short and broad, bearing- a few hairs. Anthers often nearly sessile and sometimes only one perfect, the connective narrow. Female perianths sessile, silky-liairy, the tube shorter than in the males but circumsciss above the ovary after flowering', the lobes almost acute, the anthers abortive or rudimentary. Style exserted, the terminal stigma hispid with long- hairs. Fruiting- base of the perianth ovoid, hispid, about 1 line long-, the membranous or scarceiy thickened epicarp coming off readily with it, but not connate with it as stated by C. A. Meyer, leaving- the crustaceous endocarp (not the seed) rainutely tubercular-rug'Ose. — Meissn. in PI. Preiss. i. 607 ; P. nrrjcntea, P. vestitu, P. Shuttleworthiana, and P. myriantha, Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 5L3 ; Calyptrostegia arfjentea, C. A. Mey. in Bull. Acad. Petrop. iv. (1845) 74. W. Australia. Goose Island Bay, R. Brown ; Middle Island, S. Coast, A. Cun- rtingliam : Phillip^s river, Lake Leven, Gardner river, Maxwell ; N. of Stiiling range, F.\MueUer; tiience io i^wmxv nwer, Drummondlst coll. n. 730, Td\, Preiss. n. 12(j4, 1265 ; norihward to Mnrclilson river and south-westward to Vasse v\\qy, Ohlfield. T have been unable to surt iiito varieties tlie supposed species distinguished by Meiss- iier, notwiihstanding the very difierent aspects they sonictimes assunie, the opposite and alternate, long and short, narrow and bioad, distant and (lose leaves, as wcll as the degrees of indumentum pass very variously into each otlier. I tiud the plant con- stantly diceci'ius. The supposed " filirorm persistent base" of the inale periantji ap- pears to be in fact thc pedicel ; the rudimcntary ovary, when appreciable, is within ilie deciduous tube. 45. P. clavata, Lahill. Pl. Nov. IIoll. i. 11. An erect-growing- shrub, rang-iug- from 6 or 8 ft. to twice that height, the foliag-e slig-htly sUky- 26 cv. THYMELE^. [Fimelea. liairy and usually of a pale colour, or the slender branches bearing" more spreading- hairs. Leaves opposite, lanceolate, acute, tapering- into a short petiole, flat or vvith recurved marg-ins, mostly | to 1 in. long-, but varving- from }y to \h, in., usually ghibrous above, slightly silky-hairy underneath. Flowers small, strictly dioecious, in little terminal heads, with two or three small very deciduous bracts, and the leaves of the short axillary tiowering- branches being' also cften few and deciduous, the heads, when advanced, appear to be on axiUary leafless peduncles. Perianrhs raore or less silky-liairy, the males with a flUforni tube l^ to nearly '2 Hnes long-, the lolies ovate and obtuse. Anthers about as long' as the flhiments, ovate with a narrow connective. Female perianth more hairy than the male, tiie tube ver^^ shortly produced above the ovary but circumsciss after flowering-, the anthers abortive ; stigma large but scarcely penicillate. Fruiting base of the perianth about 2 lines long ; fruit not acuminate, the epicarp thick and somewhat fleshy, the endocarp crustaceous, but thinner than in most species. Seed with a scanty albumen and broadly oblong cotyledons. — R. Br. Prod. 361 ; Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 510; P. viridula, Lindb. in Finsk. Vet. Soc. Forhandl. ix. 60 {F. 3Iuell.). W. Australia. King George's Sound and on tlie cnast to tbe eastward, B. Broini, A. Cunninghav}, and manyothers; Fitzgerald viver, llaxwell ; Donnelly river, T. C Carey ; Warren river, Walcott. Sect. 6. DiTHALAMiA. — Involucral bracts either none or few and not very difl^erent from the stem-leaves. Flowers (small) strictly di- cecious. Male perianth with a slender tube ; anthers with a narrow connective, the cells very distinct and when open phtced back to back, the ovary abortive or rudimentary. Female perianth wholly persistent, "with small lobes divided to the ovary, or rarely with a short tube tardily circumsciss. Fruit not succulent. Leaves opposite or alternate, flat or nearly so. 46. P. axiflora, F. Mudl. First Gen. Bep.l7 (and Pl. Tict. t. 70» ined.). A glabrous slirub of several feet, with virgate rather slender branches. Leaves opjwsite, linear or linear-hmceohite, acute, tapering into a shojt petiole, 1 to 2 or even 3in. hjng, membranous, flat or with recurved mar- gins. Flowers small, in little axilhiry sessile heads with 2 to 4 small invo- lucral bracts, the males numerous, the females fewer in the head. Peri- anth glabrous or slightly silky-hairy, the male tube 1 to 1| lines long-, the lobes much shorter ; anthers on very short fllaments, with a narrow connective, the cells when open placed back to back. Female perianth scarcely projecting above the ovary, with very short lobes, somewhat enlarged round tlie fruit which is about 2 lines long ; epicarp membra- nous. — Meissn. in Linntea, xxvi. 345, and in DC. Prod. xiv. 514. N. S. Wales. Clyde river, C. Moore; Twofold Bay, F. Mueller ; Cape Howe, C. Wulter. Victoria. Dandenong ranges, Ben Nevis, Mount Macedon, F. Mueller. Var. ? alpina, F. Mueller. A low shrub with very small ovate coriaceous leaves, usually under 4 in. long. Mouut Lutrobe and Mount Hotham, at an elevatiou of 5000 ft., Phnelea.] cv. tiiymele^. ^7 F. Mueller. — The aspect of tbeso speciinens is so totally (.lifferent, tliat one would sup- pose them to belong to a distiiict spocies, biit some speciniens tVoni Mouut Barelley, vvith the foiiage nearly of F. drupacea, seem to connect the two forms. 47. ? P. leptospermoides, F. Muell. Fra<]m. vii. 2. An erect shrub of 1 to 3 It., sli<;htly silky-hairy, the foliag-e of a ])iile alinost o-laucous hue. Leaves mostly alternate, oblong-, \ to l^ in. long-, giabrous above, with 2 or 3 veins on each side of the midrib and nearly ])arallel to it ])romi- • nent underneath. Flowers in terminal and axillary sessile clusters, without involucral bracts ditferent from the stem-leaves, those in the specimens seen all niales. Perianth silky-hairy, with a slender tube • 4 to 5 lines long- and narrow lobes about 1 line. Anthers oblong-, nearly sessile, tlie connective rather broad, but the cells quite distinct and at leng-th placed almost back to back. Ovary apparently abortive. Queensland. Cawarra, Thozet.—Vi-a.WX the fertile dowers have been observed, the affinities of this species must remaiu uncertain. 48. P. microcephala, R. Br. Prod. 361. A much-branched spread- ing- shrub, usually quite giabrous except the flowers, the branches rig-id but slender. Leaves opposite, linear-lanceolate, acute or obtuse, mostly ^ to 1 in. long-^ or on some luxuriant shoots narrow and l^ in. long, flat or concave. Flower-heads small, terminal, with 2 to 4 involucral bracts rather shorter and broader than the stem-Ieaves but variable. Flowers strictly dioecious. Male perianth more or less silky-hairy, the tube very slender, fully 2 lines long-, the lobes about one-third as long-. Filaments very sliort; anthers with a narrow connective, the cells when open placed back to back. Female perianth very short and vil- lous, the small erect lobes just protruding- above the ovary, usually enlarg-ed with the fruit, which is then 2 lines long- and sometimes pro- trudes beyond the lobes. E])icarp membranous. Seed with a scanty albumen and broad cotyledons. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv, 515 ; P. distmctmima, F. Muell. First Gen. Rep. 17; Calyptrostegia microcephula, Endl. Gen. Pl. Su]5pl. iv. part 2, 01. Queensland. Curriwillighie, Dalton ; Peak Downs, Biirkitt. N. S. Wales. Peel"s range, .1. Cunningham; Murray and Darling desert to the Barrier raiige, Victorian and other Bx^Kditions. Victoria. Avoca and Muri^ay rivers, F. Mueller ; N.W. districts, L. Morton. S. Australia. Kangaroo Ishmd and Petrcl Bay, R. Brown (the specimens very impertect, the flowers fallen away) ; Murray desert, F. Mueller ; Lake GilUes, Burkitt; Enohx harbour, Forre.^^t. W. Australia. Murchison river, Oldfield, and probably the same locality, Drum- mond; Dick Hartog's island, Milne. 49. P. pauciflora, li. Br. Prod. 360. A much-branched giabrous shrub, attaining- sometimes 8 or 10 ft., but often much lower, closely allied to and much resembling- luxuriant specimens of P. microcephula, but usually luore slender, witli linear-lanceolate leaves. Flowers few in the head, and the perianth and receptacle qnite giabrons, the male perianth not quite so slender as in P. microctphula, but the ditecious character and the structure of the flowers and fruits (juite the same. The fruit is said to be red when ripe, but it does not appear to be at 28 cv. THYMELEJE. [Pimelea. all succulent. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 515 ; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 335 ; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 179. Queensland. Dividing range, Moretnn Bay, A. Cunningham ; Mount Lindsay, W. Ildl; Warwick, BecMer ; Wide Bay, Bidwill. N. S. Wales. N.E. of Lachlan river, A. Cunningham ; M'Leay Bellinger and Eiclimond river.s, C. Moore; M'Leay river, Beckler; New Englaiid, C. Stuart. Victoria. Avon river, Gipps' Land, F. Mueller ; Fitzroy river, Bohertson. Tasmania. Fort Dalryraple, ^. -Broifw ; in rich soil by the baniis ot' rivers but Dot common, J. D. Hooker. ' Sonie of the specimens appear at fir.st sight to have the axillary inflore&cence of P. a.rijiora, bnt the short axillary flowering branches are more developed with larger bracts, and the branches all end in fiower-heads. 60. P. elachantha, F.Muell. FirstGen. Rep. 1?, and Fraf/m. vii. 6 {excl. syn. A. Cnnn.). A luw slirub with very numerous slender branches, more or less hoary with appressed hairs. Leaves opposite, ovate lan- ceolate or iiarrow-oblong-, mostly 2 to 4 lines long-, usually g'hibrous or nearly so. Flowers dioecious, minute, in little sessile heads either terminal or in the forks, with 2 to 4 involucral bracts similar to the leaves, the rhachis and very short pedicels hirsute. Male perianth silky-hairv, rarely above 1 line long-, the lobes about as long* as the tube. Filaments short ; anthers with a narrow connective, the cells when opon placed back to back. Female perianth oblong-, about | line long- at the time of llowering', ovoid and 1 line long* when in fruit, with 4 minute dark-coloured lobes, slig-htly promiuent above the ovary. — P. Hewurdiand, Meissn. in Linmea, xxvi. 346, and in DC. Prod. xiv. 511. Victoria. ]\Iount Arapiles, Wimmera, JDallachi/, and probably the same locality, Mitchell; Bacchus Marsh, F. Mueller ; near PortLuid, Allitt. The New England specimens referred here by F. Mueller appear to me to belong to P. curvifulia. P. umhratica, A. Cunn., is either a fui-m of P. driipacea or some species closely allied to it. 51. P. pygmsea, F. Mudl. in Linneea, xxvi. 346. A dwarf prostrate much-branciied shrub, forming- densely matted ahnost moss-like patches or tufts of several inches diaraeter, gdabrous except a few long" cilia towards the ends of the upper leaves. Leaves mostly opposite, usually crowded, ovate, coriaceous, concave, 1 to 1-|- or rarely nearly 2 Hnes long-. Flowers dioecious, soHtary in the upper axils, usually with a j)air of bracts simihir to the stem-leaves. Perianth giabrous, tube of the males 1 to 1| Hnes long- tapering- at the base, the lobesunder 1 Hne. Anthers shorter than the hhiments, with a narrow connective, the cells when open placed back to back ; ovary present but abortive. Female perianth scarcely l^ Hnes long-, the tube ovoid, the lobes about as long- as the tube, divided to the ovary, persistent membranous and brittle round the fruit. Fruit not 1 Hne long-, the epicarp niembra- nous. 8eed with a scanty albumen, the cotytedons (npt seen perfect) apparently broad. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv". 511 ; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 335. Tasmania. Summits of the Western Mountains at an elevation of 4000 ft., G^mn, Archer. — The flowers described by F. Mueller are the males, those described by /. D. Mooker the females. Pinwlea.] CV. THYMELEiE. 29 •')t?. P. serpyllifolia, I{. lir. /'nid. .'300. A low rigid densely branched and leatV slirub, usnally g-labrous. Leaves opposite or scat- tered, otten crowded, ovate obovate or oblonjr, 2 to 3 lines lon' Asiatic and European, with a vcryfew American, northern, or tropical species ; the only Australiau genus has nearly the same area as the Order. 1. EL^AGNUS, Linn. Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth 4-lobed. Stamens 4, inserted at the orifice of the tube. Style elong-ated, recurved at the top, with a lateral stig-ma. This, the principal genus of the Order, has several Asiatic or European and one North American species ; the only Australian species is one widely distrihuted over Ceylon E. India, and the Eastern Archipelago. 1. E. latifolia, Linn. ; Schlecht. in DC. Prod. xiv. 610, and in Linncea^ xxx. 34:7. A shrub sometimes climbing' over the tallest trees, sometimes erect and middle-sized or with weak strag-ghng- stems, covered except the upper surface of the leaves with the scurfy scales of the Order. Leaves petiohite, ovate ovate-lanceohite or elliptical, usually acuminate but sometimes obtuse, 2 to 4 in. long- or hirger on barren branches. Flowers several together in axillary spikes or chisters often not exceeding- the petioles, with tlie bracts all small and deciduous, but sometimes long-er with 1 or 2 of the lower bracts leaty and persisteut. Perianths shortly pedicellate, the lower persistent portion narrow at the tinie of flowering-, scarcely above 1 Hne long-, closed at the top round the style by a disk-like annular prominence, the free part of the tube 40 cvi. EL^AGNACE^. [Elcpngnus. much broader, ovoid-campanulate, about 2 lines long", slightly con- tracted at the top, the limb s])i-eadino to 3 or '^h lines diameter. Fila- ment very short. Ovary g-labrous. Fruiting- base of" the perianth about f in. long-, slio-htlv furrowed when drv. Seed about i in. long-. — Wight, Ic. t. 1856."' Queensland. Rockingham Bay, Dallachy ; Pioneer river, Vernet. — The species is common ia Ceylon and in various parts of India and the Archipelago. It should in- clude several of the Imlian .species onumerated by Schlechtendahl, and referred here by Thwaites, Ennm. Ceyl. Pl. 252, thoiigh perhaps not the true E. arhorea of Eoxburgh. In Austraiia the indumentum is either all silvery-white or more or less mixed with or covered by ferruginous scales. The statnie is very variable, and the size of the flowers also in a less degree. The Australian specimens agree pcrfectly with many of the Cingalese ones ; I have observed no spines on any of them. The fruit is said to be edible. Order cvii. NEPENTHACE^. Flowers dioecious. Male perianth of 4 rarely 3 sepal-like segments, imbricate in the bud. Stamens 4 to 16, the filaments united in a central column ; anthers united in a head, in 1 or 2 rows, 2-celled, the cells opening* outwards in longitudinal slits. Female perianth as in the males, or rarely the segments united at the base. Ovary 4- rarely 3-ang'led, with as many cells as angles, the carpels opposite the perianth-seg'- ments; stigraa sessile, with as many Ioi)es as ovar^^-cells, the lobes entire or bifid. Ovules very numerous in each cell, attached to a phi- centa inserted on the disse])iment, ascending- and anatro|:)ous. Ca|)sules coriaceous, opening locuhcidally in 4 rarely 8 valves. Seeds very nu- merous, imbricated upwards ; testa membranous, produced at each end into a capilhiry point or taih Embryo straig-lit, in the axis of a tieshy albumen ; cotyledons linear ; radicle short, inferior. — Shrubs or under- shrubs with herbaceous branches, g-labrous oi- sparingly hairy, replete with spiral vessels, the stems prostrate sarmentose or climbing- by means of tendrils terminating the leaves. Leaves alternate, elongated, without stipules, the base or the wing-ed petiole clasping- the stem, marked with a few nearly parallel longitudinal veins and numerous transverse veinlets, the midrib usually ]H"oduced either into a tendril or into a pendulous jjitcher provided with an opercuhmi or lid, the marg'in of the orifice thickened into a peristome, and having* usually an ex- ternal spur at the back. Flowers small, green, in terminal racemes or panicles. The Order, limited to the single genus Nepenthes, is spread over Southern Asia and the islands of the Indian and Siiutli Pacific Oceans, but most abundant in the Iiidiaa Archipehigo. The only Australian species, described as endemic, is as yet too imper- fectly kuown for accurate determiuation. 1. NEPENTHES, Linn. Characters and distribution of the Order. 1. W. Kennedyi, F. Muell. Fragm. v. 154, Stems or branches rathcr stout, glabrous or when young- pubescent with stellate hairs. NepentheS.] CVII. NEPENTHACEiE. 41 Leaves on lon!? potioles, linear-lanceolate or ol^long-, memhranons, 1 ft. long- or more including- tlie ])eti(ile, l^ to 2^ in. wide, with 5 to 8 longi- tudinal nerves on eacli side of the midrib ; pitchers 8 to 4 in. long-, nearly cylindrical, sHghtly intlatod helow the middle, without any crest on the anterior ribs, the orifice narrow, scarcely pro(hiced into a neck, the posterior spur stout, the perisiome narrow, with numerous transverse veins; opercuhim elHptical, with numerous minute g-lands on the inner surface. Flowers and fruits unknown. — Hook. f. in DC. Prod. xvii. 98. Queensland. Cape York, Jardine ; Cape Sidmouth, C. Moore. Tlie species may perhaps prove to be a varicty only of the widelyspread N. phj/Uamphora, Wiild., from which it ditT:ers in the much more slender peristome of the pitcher. Order cviii. EUPHORBIACE^. Flowers always unisexual. Perianth either simple and calyx-Hke or aHnost petal-Hke, usually small, or double with 4 or 5 petals aHernating with the calyx-lobes, or sometimes entirely wanting in one or both sexes. Stamens various. Ovary superior, consisting of 3 or sometiraes 0, or more than 3, united or l-ceUed, or rarely 2-celled carpels, very rarely reduced to a single one. Styles as many as carpols, free or more or less united, entire or divided, tlie stig-matic surface usually Hning their inner face. Ovules 1 or 2 in each carpel, pendulous from "the inner angle of the cells, the funicle usuaUy thickened into a ceUuh^r mass often termed an oMurator. Fruit either capsular, separating- into as many 2-valved cocci as carpels, leaving- a persistent axis, or more rarely succulent and indehiscent with the endocarp consisting of as many indehiscent nuts or cocci as carpels or ceHs. Seed laterally attached at or above the nuddle, with or without an ariHus or caruncle. Embryo straight, with ilat cotyledons and a superior radicle, in a fleshy aibumen, or very rarely the cotyledons fleshy, with little or no albumen. — Trees shrubs or herbs, often abound- ing- in milky juice, exceedingly various in habit. Leaves alternate or opposite, rarely divided or compound, usually with stipules. Inflorescence very varied. Flowers usually smaH. A very large Order, niost ahundant within the tropics, hoth in the New aml the Old Workl, gradmilly diminishing in numbers in moi-e temperate regions, and very few ascending into alpine nr cold chmates. Of the 37 Australiau genera, three are gene- raliv distributed over the greater part of the area of the Order; six range over the tro- pical or subtropical regions of botli the New and the Old World ; twelve more are also tropical or subtropical, but confined to theOld World; and tive of these appcar to be liniited to Asia, including the Archii^elago and some of the South Sea Ishinds; one genus, Sebastiania, is a tropical Anierican one, represented by a single species in the Old World; and one, Baloghiu, is oniy known, out of Australia, in New Caledonia and Norfolk islaiid; the remaining fourteen geuera are endemic in Australia, including amongst them the whole tribe of iStenolobece. Tribe 1. Euphorbieae. — Involucre cahjx-like, indading several male Jlowers, each ofasingJe stamen u-ithout ani) perianth, and one central femate one, a siuglepedireJlute pistil without any or rarehj with aperiunth; the ichole jtoicer-head reseinbliny a sinyle Jiower. Embryo with broad cotyledons and a narrow radicle. No perianth under the ovary, the Australian species leafy herbs or undershmbs 1- Kui-horbia. 43 CVITI. EUPHORBIArE^. Periantli 4- or 6-lobed under the ovary. Shrubs with cpposite vir- gate branches, leafless at the time of flowering 2. Caltcopeplus. _ Tkibe 2. Stenolobese. — Flowers distinct, hoth sexes wiih a perianth. Emhryo linear,the cotyhdom not at all or scarcely hroader than the radicle. Shruhs ofien heathlike, unth cntire coriaceous leaves, or rarely herhs ivith small memhranous leaves. (See the obseiTations p. 54.) Ovules 2 in each cell. Anther-cells opeuing in terminal pores. Styles 2-fid. Cap- sule depressed-ghibular. Flowers (white) in head-like racemes forming terminal corymbs 3. Pokanthera. Anther-cells opening longitudinally. Styles usually 2lobed. Capsule depressed-globular. Flowers axillary .... (Tribe Phyllantheje.) Anther-cells opening longitudinally. Ovary and capsule 3- lobed, the lobes ending in simple styles. Stamens free or scarcely united at the base. Flower- clusters mostly axillary. Capsule 3-celIed. Leaves in alternate"threes .... 4. Micrantheum. Capsule 1-celled and 1-seeded. Leaves solitary ... 5. P.seudanthu8. Stamens, all or at least the inner ones, united iu a central column. Flower-clusters terminal ....... 6. Stachvstemon. Ovules 1 in eacli cell. Stamens indefinite, usually numerous. Stigma peltate, entire or 3-lobed. Petals usually small. Flowers axillary 7. Beyekia. Styles 2-fid. Petals usually longer than the calyx. Flowers mostly terminal 8. Eicinocarpus. Styles 2- to 4-fid. Calyx petal-Iike but no petals. Capsule usually 1-ceIled, 1-seeded. Flowers axillary .... 9. Bertya. (24. Croton, besides the cotyledons, diliers in the stamens iniiected, &c.) Stamens definite, twice as many as petals or calyx-Iobes or fewer. Petals present. Style-branches fringed. Capsule withouf appendages. Flovver-cymes terminal 10. Monotaxis. No petals. Style-branches entire. Capsule with 6 erect toothlike appendages. Flowers in dense sessile clusters in the axils or at leafless nodes 11. Ampekea. Tribk 3. Antidesmese. — Flowers distinct, hoth sexes loith a j^erianth. Emlryo uuth broad cotyledons and a narrow radicle. Trees or shruhs, the flowers small in cathiii-Uke spikes or racemes. Ovary usually reduced to a single cell with 2 ovules. Stylcs 3. Stamens2to5. Ovary 1-celled. Styles 3, small. Drupe 1-seeded 12. Antidesma. Tkibe 4. Phyllanthese. — Flowers distinct, hoth sexes ivith a perianth. Emhryo with hroad cotyledons and a narrow radicle. Ovules 2 in each cell. Flowers in axillary clusters or soUtary. Calyx- or perianth-lobes imbricate in the bud. Petals present at least iu the males, sometimes small and glandlike. Stamens alternating witli the petals. Eudimentary pistil in the males. Herbs or undershrubs 13. Andrachne. Stamens near the centre of a broad concave disk round a 3fid abortive pistil. Trees or shrubs 14. Actephila. No distinct petals. Perianth of 4 to 6 calyxlike or petal-Iike lubes or segments, all similar or the inner ones rather larger. Stamens 4 or more, central, free, without any rudimentary pistil. Styles linear, undivided. Leaves opposite . . 15. Dissiliakia. cviii. EUPiionniACEJE. 43 Stamens indofinite in a central coliinin, witliont any radi- nieiitary pistil. Sti-mas larpefldf, usuaHy lobed . . .16. Petalostigma. Staniens 2 to 5, central, free oruuiteii, witbout auy rudimen- tary style. Styles linear or sliort. Periantli iobes or scgments erect or spreading. Styles usually lobed . 17. Phyllanthos. Periautli turbinate, the male flat-topped, the sniall orifico closed by niinute lobes, thc fcuialo opcn, the lobes minute or obsolete. Styies usuaily entire . . . . 18. Bretnia. Stamens 4 or 5, surrounding a 2-fid or 3-fid abortive pistil. Stvles 2-fid 19. Securinega. Stamens 5, 6 or more, surrounding a broad central dislc. Ovary 3-celled. Slyles 3, chivate or broad 20. Neorcepeka. Ovary 1-celled. Style 1, fiat reniforra or orbicular . . 21. Hemicyclia. Calyx-lobes valvate in the bud. Petals present. Stamens 5, on a central columu which tcnninates in an abortive pistil. Ovary usuaily 2-ceIied. Drupe with 2 indehiscent pyrenes. Veinlets of the leaves transvcrse between the primary veins 22. Briedelia. Ovary usually 3-celIed. Capsuie 3-dymous, separating into 2-vaIved cocci. Veinlets of the leaves reticulate between the primary veins 23. Cleistanthus. Tribe 5. Crotonese. — Floioers distinct, hotli sexes icith. aperianth, sometimes minute in the males. Emhryo icith hroad cotylednns and a narrow radicle. Ovules 1 in each cell. Flowers, at least the males, in spihes racemes or panicles. ^tamens usualhj in- definite. Calyx-Iohes or segments valvate. Petals present. Stamens inflected at tiieend in the bud. Anther-cells parallel, adnate. Styles 2-fid or4-fid 24. Croton. Anthers erect in tlie bud, the cells parallel, adnate. Styles bifid. Flowers panicuiate 25. Aleurites. Calyx-Iobes or segments (at least in the males) valvate. No petals. Anther-cells distinct, erect straight and parallel. Stylesentire 26. Claoxylon. Anther-cells distinct, linear, wavy or tortuose. Styles divided into capillary branches 27. Acalypha. Anthers erect, the cells adnate and parailel. Styles 2-fid, the inner surface fringed or witli much-raised papillaj . . . 28. Adriana. Anther-cells parallel attached above the base or the anthers versatile. Staraens usually 8 or fewer. Styles entire or 2-fid, not fringed. Trees or shrubs 29. Alchoenea. Staniens few or many. Styles entire, not fringed. Twiners or (in species not Australiau) erect lierbs 30. Tragia. Staraens usually numerous. Styles undivided, usually fringed or very papiilose. Trees or shrubs 31. Mallotus. Anthers 4-iobed, opening in 4 valves or longitudinally in 2 vaives. Styles undivided, fringed or not. Trees or shriibs 32. Macaranga. Calyx-Iobes or segments imbricate. Petals present. Stamens indefinite (above 6), central. Styles undivided. Lcaves entire, coriaceous. Anther cells placed back to back, confluent at ihe apex . . 33. Codi^um. Anther-cells parallel and distinct, opening outwards . . . 34. Baloghia. Calyx small and open or minute. No petals. Stamens 2 to 6, exserted. Styles undivided. Calyx usually dividing into 2 or 3 broad lobes. Seeds carun- culate. Ovary 2-ceIled. Stamens 6 or fewer. Capsule didymous, compressed, tardily dehisccnt on the margins . . . .35. Carumbium. 44 CVIII. EUPHORBIACEiE. Ovary 3-celled. Slamens 3 or 2. Capsule separating into 3 2- valved cocci 36. Sebastiania. Calyx minute. Stamens 3 or 2. Seeds without any carunculus 37. Excscaria. Tribe 1. EuPHORBiE.a:. — Involucre resembling- a calyx, tootlied or lobed, including- several male flowers, each of a sing-le stamen without any perianth, and one central female flower, a sing-le pedicellate pistil without any or rarely with a perianth, the whole flower-head resembling a single fiower. Embryo with broad cotyledons and a narrow radicle. 1. EUPHORBIA, Linn. (Anisophyllum, Eaw.) Flower-heads resembling- sing-le flowers. Involucre small, cup-shaped, with 4 or 5 small teeth alteruating- with and often concealed by as many horizontal prominent g-lands, which are sometimes expanded into or bordered by petal-like appendages. Within are about 10 to 12 male flowers consisting- each of a single stamen with an articuhited fihiment, and usually intermixed with or surrounded by thin membranous bracts, and in the centre a single female flower consisting of a stipitate 3-celled ovary protruding- from the involucre, with 1 pendulous ovule in each celh Style 3-clett, the branches (or distinct styles) entire or 2-lobed. Capsule separating- into 3 2-valved cocci. — Herbs or shrubs abounding in milky juice often very acrid. Stem-leaves entire or denticulate, in the majority of non-Austrahan but in very few Australian species alter- nate without stipules, the flowering--branches umbellate, dichotomous with usually opjiosite leaves ; the majorit}' however of the Australian species l)elong- to a section with herbaceous dichotomous stems with the leaves opposite from the base and small interpetiolar stipules, and some species not Australian are succulent leafless shrubs. A verylarge genus dispersed over nearly the whole world. Of the eighteen Australian species one is a common tropical weed, three are maritime plants extending more or le.ss over the coasts of the Indian Archipelago, southern Asiaand the Pacific isiands, the leniaining lourleen appear to be eudemic, although one or two may be nearly allied to E. ]ndian species. Sect. 1. Anisophyllum. — Leaves aU opposite with small interpetiolar stipules. Ivrolucral glavds usiuilly bordered bij n jjetal-like appendage {except E. atoto and^. pilulilera). Seeds wttlioiit any carunculus. * Flower-heads in small distinct termimal cymes with thefioral leaves or Iracts as long as or lunger than the involucres. Capsules and whole plant glahrous. Seeds smooth. Appendages of the involucral glands scarcely conspicuous \. E. atoto. Seeds rugose. Appendages con.spicuously petal-like, entire. Leavfcs ovate-orbicular. Cymes rather dense. Involucres about 1 line lung ..." 2. E. Sjtarmanni. Lower Itaves ovate, npper ones lanceolate or linear. Cymes loose with filitoim peduncies. luvolucres ^ liiie long . . ^. E. MitchelUana. (See also 14. E. Mucijillivrayi, with much larger involucral appendages.) Seeds rugose. Appendagi-s more or leas lobed 12. E. viyrtoides. Euphorbia.] CVIII. EUPHORBIACEiE. 45 ** Floioer-heads soUtary or two together, terminal or in the vpper axiU. 6'tems hairy or ptibencent. Stcni anil leaves pubesccnt or shortly hirsute. Involucres l^ liiies long, the glaiids with a broad pahnately lobed appendagc _ 4. E. schizolepis. Involucres not 4 line long, the glands with a very snuill nsually lobcd appenchige 5. E. Schaltzii. Stems slender, sprinkled with long sprcading hairs. Involucres under 1 liue, thc gUinds with a narrow entire wiiite iwrder . 6. E. Arimtrongiana *** Flawer-heads solitary in the upper or in ncarhj all the axils orforks. Stem and leaves pnbescent or hirsute. Invoiucres \h iines long, the glands with a broad palmately lobed appcndage 4:. E. schizolepis. Involucrcs about ^ l'ne long, the giand-nppendages usually h)bed. Stems mucli branched, usually 6 iu. to 1 ft. . . . 7. E. australis. Involucres about 1 line long, the gland appendages entire. Dwarfplant with rigid stems of 1-2 in 8. E. Muelleri. Whole plant quite ghibrous. Involucres about 1 line long. Dwarf phmt with rigid stema of 1-2 in. . _ 8. E. Muelleri. Invohjcres \-% line long. Diffuse or prostrate branching stems forming at length a perennial rliizome. Giandappendages usually entire. Styles notched ouly at the end 9. ^. Drummondii, Styles slender bifid 10. E. alsinoejlora. Annual, with erect and slender stems. Gland-appendages usually entire \\. E. Wheeleri. Annual, difluse and much brauched. Gland-appendages usually lobed 12. E. myrtoides. **** Flower-heads numerous, in dense or raiher loose terminal or axillary cymes, theflorul leaves, except sometimes the lowest pair, reduced to small hracts shorter than the involucres. Dwarf glabrous perennial. Leaves ovate or oblong. Gland- appcndages large and very white 13. E. micradenia. Pubescent perennial with erect or ascending stems. Leaves ovate or obiong. Gland-appendages large and very white . 14. E. Macgillivrayi. Glabrous erect or procumbeut annual. Leaves liuear. Gland- appendages rather large \b. E. serrulata. Pubescent perennial with erect or ascendiug stems, the ultimate branches fiiiform and cymes loose. Gland-appendages large and very white 16. E.fiUpes. Hirsute annual. Leaves ovate or laneeolate. Flower-lieads mi- nute, very numerous in dense headlike axiliary cymes. Invo- lucral glands without appendages 17. E.pihdifera. Sect. 2. Eremophila. — Leaues opposite or the loioer ones and sometimps those of lateral branches alternate. Sti^mles very minute or none. Involucral glands without appendages. Seeds carunculate. Stems erect, dichotomous. Leaves linear. Flower-heads solitary in the axils 18. -C. eremophila. The section Tithymalus, with the stem-Icaves below the flowering branches alternate the inflorescence dicliotomous, the primary brancbes forming an umbel, the fioral leaves opposite without stipules, and the involucral glands withoiit petai-iike appendages, has no eudemic reprcseutative in Australia ; but one of the common European weeds, E pcphis, Linn., Boiss. iu DC. Prod. xv. ii. 141, a glabrous anuual witli tlie umbel usually of about 3 rays and the involucral glands crescent-shapcd, the capsule glabrous 46 cviii. EUPHORBiACE^. [EuphorUa. and smooth, the seeds pitted, is said to be now common in cultivated ground in New South Walos and West Australia, and probably in other colonies. Euphorhia Brownii, Baill. Adans. vi. 290, was descrlbed from a specimen without flowers, believed to have been brought by Baudin's Expedition from tlie West coast of Australia, and which Baillun referred to Euphorhia from some general resenihlaiice to his E. Cleopatra from New Caledonia. It reiiiains however very unccrtain whcther it is a Eiqihorhia at all, and the station, like others attached to ^jhauts of tlie Baudin Expedition, is very little to be relied upon. Sect. 1. Anisophyllum, lioxl). — Herbs, either annual or with a perennial base, nsually much branched and often prostrate. Leaves all opposite, usually oblique at the base, with small intei^petiohir stipules. Glands of the invohicre usually (but not always) bordered by a white petal-like appendag-e or margin. Seeds without any carunculus. The species of this section run very much one into another, and are difficult to define. It is possible, therefore, that some of the foUowing, founded upon a smaU number of specimens may prove to be varieties only. 1. E. atoto, Forst. ; Boiss. in DC. Prod. xv. ii. 12. A g-labrous diifuse or procumbent perennial of 1 to 1|- ft., the primary stems thick and hard, the branches more slender and sometimes dichotomous. Leaves opposite, shortly petiolate, broadly oblong- or rarely narrow, obtuse or mucronulate, more or less cordate and usually uuequally so at the base, rather thick, 1 to l^ in. long-. Stipules usually fringed when old. Flower-heads in small dichotomous cymes in the upper axils, scarcely exceeding* the leaves and forming- a terminal leafy corymb. Bracts or floral leaves oblong", about as long- as the involucres or rather longer. Involucres shortly pedicellate, nearly 1 line long-, the glands transversely oblong-, witli very narrow scarcely distiuct borders. Capsules glabrous. Seeds smooth. — Baill. Adans. vi. 282; E. oraria, F. Muell. in Herb. Kew. ; E. levis, Poir. ; Boiss. in DC. Prod. XV. ii. 13. N. Australia. Water island, Montague Sound, N.W. Coast, A. Cu7inivgham ; Port Essington, Armstrong ; La Grange Bay, Hughan; Port Darwin, Schultz, n. 601 ; Gulf of Carpentaria, B. Broion. Queensland. Sandy Cape, R. Brown; Port Curtis, M'Gillivraij ; Isles oflf Cape riattery and Moreton island, F. Ifueller ; Sir C. Hardy's island, Henne ; Rockingham Bay, DaUachy. A sea-coast plant, found also on the coasts of E. India, the Archipelago, and the Pacific ishxnds. 2. E. Sparmanni, Boi.'fs. Ccnt. Eiiph. 6. A g-labrous and glaucous perennial, with a hard base and ditfuse or divaricately branched stems attaining- 1 to 1| ft. Leaves opposite, shortly petiolate, ovate-orbicular, oblique and often unequally cordate at the base, ^ to 1 in, long-. Stipules small, ciUate-toothed or lobed. Flower-heads in small cymes either terminal or in the upper axils, with the bracts or Horal leaves mostly exceeding- the involucres. Involucres pedicellate, about 1 line long-, the orifice ciliate inside, the g-lands bordered by a petal-Iike ap- pendag-e nearly as broad as the gland itself. Capsule glabrous, rather larg-er than in E. utoto. Seeds rather prominently angled and trans- £uphorbia.] cviii. euphorbiaceje. 47 versely nxg'Ose between tlie ang-les. — E. ramosissima, Boiss. in DC. Prod. XV. ii. 14; Baill. Adans. vi. 283, not of Hook. and Arn. N. S. V^ales. E. coast, E. Brown ; Manly Beach, Woolh ; also Sieher, n. C32 {BaiUon). A specimen from Lord Howe's islnnd, C. 3foore, appcars also to belong to it. The spccies is also on ritcairn's Island in the Pacific. It sonictimcs ncarly rpsemhles JE. atoto, bjit ditlers in th(i short broad lcavcs, tlie ajipciidages to llie iiivolucral glaiids, and the slightlj rugose seeds. The true E. ramo.sixsima, llook. and Arn., morc common on the Pacitic islands, is Bois8ier's U. Chamissonis. 3. E. Mitchelliana, Boi.^s. in DC. Prod. xv. ii. 25. A perfectly glabrons perennial, attiiining- 1 to lift., tlie rbizome at lengtli woody, tbe stems erect or ditfuse, slender, dicbotomons, tbe ultimate br:incbes fibform. Leaves opposite, sbortly petiob^te, tbe lower ones ovate and small, tbe u])per oblong* or bnear, entire, -i to 1 in. long-, obHque or unequally cordate at tbe base, Flower-beads very small, not numerous, in loose terminal dicbotomous cymes, tbe pedicels liliform, tbe floral leaves or bracts linear, mostly as long* as or longer tban tbe ilower- beads. Involucre about ^ line long-, tbe gbands bordered by a petal-Hke obovate or orbicular appendag'e, varying- from 5 to | line in breadtb. Capsule g'labrous. Seeds transversely rug-ose. N. Australia. Sweers island, Henne. Queensland. Port Bowen, Keppel Bay, Northumherland islands, B. Brown; Saudy Beach, Lizard island, A. Cunningham ; Port Curtis, 31'Gillivraij ; Port Deni- son, Fitzalan; Eockingham Bay, Ddlhichy ; Belyando river, Mitchdl; Bowen river, Bowman; Sutton river, Thozet ; Rockhampton, 0'/Shuncsi/; N. Kenuedy district, Daintree. Var. fjlauca. Leaves rather more coriaceous. Flower-heads very small, in irregular somewhat elongated leafy cymes. Guif of Carpentaria, R. Brown, Londeshorough ; Nichol Bay, Gregorys Expedition ; King's Sound and CoUier Bay, Chapman. Var. stenophylla. Leaves linear, 1-1 4 in. long or the lower ones shorter and linear- lanceolate. — Port Darwin, Schidtz, n. 38, 505, 5-ly and 85-4. 4. E. schizolepis, F. Mucll. ; Boiss. iri DC. Prod. xv. ii. 20. An annual, but witb bard, often woody-looking- stems of about 1 ft. bigb, dicbotomously brancbed and more or less pubescent witb crisped bairs. Leaves opposite, abnost sessile, ovate or ovate-oblong-, acute, obHque and unequally cordate at tbe base, | to 1 in. long-, sprinkled on botb sides witb sbort bairs. Flower-beads sbortly pedicellate in tbe upper axils, forming- sometimes terminal leafy cymes. Involucre about l^ lines long, tbe glands peltate witb a broad spreading- palmately lobed or fring-ed appendage, not so wbite as in most species. Capsule and seeds not seen. N. Australia. Upper Victoria river, F. Mucller. Var.? <7?rt6ra ; perfectly ghabrous, with the gland-appendages much lesslobed; per- haps a distinct species. — Gulf of Carpentaria, F. Mueller. 6. E. Schultzii, Benth. sp. n. A slender annual of 6 in. to 1 ft., apparently erect wben young-, but soon mucb-brancbed and diffuse, witb pubescent or sbortly birsute stems and foHage. Leaves opposite, nearly sessile, ovate or oblong-, serrate, very obHque or semicordate at tbe 48 CVIII. EUPHORBIACR^, [EvphoJ-Ua. base, the lower ones 4 to 8 lines lonp", tliose of tlie lateral branclies half that size. Flower-heads very small, solitarj' or 2 tog^ether, terminating- short leafy branches in the npper axils. Involucre not ^ line long', hirsute, the g-hincls small with a very narrow usually lobed petal-like margin sometimes scarcely conspicuous. Capsule small, Jiirsute, with prominent ang-les. Seeds rug'ose. N. Australia. Port Darwin, Schultz, n. 1 5, 237, 844 and 879. — A very poor spe- cimen from Camden harbour, in Herb. F. Mueller ; may belong to tlie same species. C). E. Armstrongiana, Boiss. in DC. Pnxl. xv. ii. 47. An annual of 1 ft. or more, with long- slender ascending" loosely dichotomousbranches, more or less sprinkled with long- spreading* hairs. Leaves opposite, in distant pairs, ovate or orbicular, xqyj obtuse, entire, very obhque at the base, mostly under ^ in. long-. Stipules entire or with short subulate lobes. riower-heads terminal, solitary or 2 tog'ether, on ver}^ short pedicels, the hist pair of leaves as long- as the involucre. Invohicre under 1 line long-, g"labrous, the g-lands broad with a narrow white border. Capsule above 1 line long', g-labrous. Seeds marked by deep transverse furrows. N. Australia. Port Essington, Armstrong ; Port Darwin, iSchultz, n. 22. 7. E. australis, Boiss. Cent. Eupk. 15 and in DC. Prod. xv. ii. 36. Apparentl}' a perennial, forming' at leng-th a hard woody rhizome, the fc^tem prostrate, much branched, often 1 ft. long', more or less villous as ■well as the foliage. Leaves opposite, nearly sessile, ovate-oblong- or iiearly orbicular, obtuse, mostly serrate, very obhque at the base, 8 or 4 lines long", those of the flowering" branches much crowded. Flower- heads solitary in the upper axils, the short flowering' branches usually crowded at the ends of the principal ones. Involucres and capsules small as in E. Drummondii, but more or less hirsute and the petal-like appendag-es of the g-hands more or less lobed, varying- from white to red. — Bailh Adans. vi. 283 ; E. vaccaria, BailL l.c. 286. N. Australia. Victoria river, F. Mueller ; NicUol Bay, M. Brown ; Gulf of Carpentaria, li. Broivn, Gregorifs Expedition. Queensland, Bowman ; Gilbert river, F. Miieller. N. S. 'Wales. Near the Barrier raiige, Beckler. S. Australia. Near Morunda, BecJcler; in tlie interior, McDoual Stuart; Lake Gillies, Burkitt. Var. eri/thrantha. Appendagos of the involucral glands very red. E. erythrayitha, F. Muell. Fragm. ii. 152 ; Baill. Adans. vi. 284. To this variety belong more espe- cially Beckler and Burkitfs specimens from the desert interior, but in some others the glands assume a reddish tint. 8. E. Muelleri, Boiss. in DC. Prod. xv. ii. 27. A dwarf plant w-ith a thick woody rhizome and procumbent or ascending- rather rig-id stems of 1 to 2 in., densely ])ubescent with short hairs or nearly g-labrous. Leaves opposite, nearly sessile, rather crowded, ovate orbicuhir or the upper ones oblong-, rather thick, entire, 2 to 6 Hnes long-, very oblique at the base, and the lower ones sometimes broader than long'. Flower-heads larger than in E. austfalis and E. Drum^uotidii, solitary and pedicellate UuphorMa.] cviii. euphorbiace.e. 49 in tlie ii])per axils, forming- almost a terminal leafy cyme. Involucre about 1 liue lono-, g-labrous or pubescent. Capsule l^^lines long', yla- brous or shortly hairy. St\'les short. Seeds irreg-ularly rugose. N. Australia, F. 2Iaeller; Port Darwin, Schultz, n. 439, 485. U. E. Drummondii, Boiss. Ccnt. Euph. 14 and in DC. Prod. xv. ii. 30. A prostrate or ditfuse much-branched phint, closely resemblin^ the Kuropean K chamfcsffce, Linn., and when Howering' tiie first year easily confoimded with it, but always quite g-labrous and forming- at length a perenuial thick or woody rhizome. Leaves opposite, orbicuUir ovate or oblong, obtuse or notched, entire or serrulate, very obUcpie at the base, 2 to 4 lines long, firmer than in K chtiwffsr/rc. Stipules entire fring"ed or lobed. Flower-heads very small, shortlv pedicellate in tlie ujiper axils. Involucres about ^ line long-, the g-h^nds with a narrow wiiite border entire or nearly so. Capsule under 1 line long-, glabrous. Stvles notched onlv, varviui»' froni ahnost none to nearlv as lonu" as in U. chumcesf/ce. beeds rugose. — U. chamfcsfjec, E. Fcrdmandi, E. Drummondii and E. Dallachyana, Baill. Adans. vi. 284, 285. N. Australia. Victoria river, F. JfucUtr; Giilf of Carpentaria, Laneshoroiigh. Queensland. Broad Sduml and Tliirsty Soiind, R. Broivn; Brisbane river, F. Jiludlcr ; liiickhanipton, i?«//ac/(^, and utliers ; Curriwilligliie, Dulton. N. S. 'Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown ; Lachlan river, A. Cunninf/ham ; Dar- ling river, Mitchell ; and thence to the Barrier range, Viclorian and other Expeditions; Kew Enghind, C Stuart. . Victoria. Snowy river, F. Mueller ; Wimmera, Dallachy. Tasmania. Swan port, tStori/. S. Australia. Spencer's Gulf, R. Broion ; Murray river and Capunda, F. MuiUer : Gawkr ranges, Sullivan. "W. Australia. Swan river, Fraser, Drummond, \st coll. n. 670 ; Murchison river, Oldjield. Var. ? rubescens. Eather less prostrate than the ordinary form and apparentiy annual, very much branched, vrith the branches often angular. Infiorescence flowers and frnits as in the coramon E. Drummondii, except that the styles are rather longer. Perhaps a distinct species. — Dirk Hartog's Island, A. Cunningham. 10. E. alsinseflora, Baill. Adans. vi. 288. A g-labrous and g-laucous perennial, with a hard knotted base or rhizome, and much-branched ascending" or decumbent stems, under 6 in. high in the specimens seen. Leaves opposite, very shortly petiokite, ovate or oblong", entire or obscurely serrulate, oblique or semi-cordate at the base, mostly 4 to 6 lines long-. Stipules fring-ed or divided. Flower-heads solitary in the \ipper axils, very shortly pedicellate, not forming* distinct cymes. In- volucre rather above | line long-, the petal-Iike appendages of the glands rather broad, entire crenate or sinuate. St^^Ies rather slender and bifid. Fruit not seen. N. Australia. Mount King, Glenelg river, N. W. Coast, Martin. Queensland? A specimen firom Warwick, Beckler, appears to be the same species. 11. H. Wheeleri, Baill. Adans. vi. 286. A perfectly g-Iabrous plant, apparently annual, branching- from the base into erect or ascending" slender stems of G in. to 1 ft. Leaves opposite, in rather distant pairs, oval-oblong, entire or slightly serrulate, very oblique at the base, rarely VOL. VI. E 60 cviii. EUPHORBiACE^. [JSuphorMa. above ^ in. long'. Stipules entire or lobed. Flower-beads solitary in the forks and upper axils, on very sbort pedicels. Involncre scarcely above |- line long-, tbe g-lands witli a petal-bke entire or slig'btly lobed appendag-e scarcely broader tban tbe giand itself. Capsule above 1 line long-, on a long- stipes. Seeds deeply rug^ose. — £. divaricata, A. Cunn. Herb. N. Australia. Greville island, Eegenfs river aiid Montague Sound, N. W. Coast, A. Cimnivgham ; King's Sound, Hughan. S. Australia. Between Stokes' Kange and Cooper's Creek, Wheeler. Thisplant appears to be quite distinct from E. Drum.mondii in liabit as -well as in the capsule nearly twice as large. It may, however, prove to be the first year's state of E. alsinwjiora. 12. E. myrtoides, Boiss. in DC. Prod. xv. ii. 15. A diffuse or spreading-mucb-brancbed annual,witb tbe stem at lengtb bard and almost woody at tbe base so as to appear perennial. Leaves opposite, sbortly petiolate, oblicpiely ovate, very obtuse, entire or minutely denticulate, very unequal and often semicordate at tbe base, ratber coriaceous but very unlike tbose of a Myrtle, rarely above J in. long-. Stipules scarcely prominent. Flower-beads sbortly pedicellate in tbe upper axils, form- ing- sometimes ratber dense dicbotomous leafy cymes, the iioral leaves longer tban the involucres. Involucres smaller than in E. utoto, but con- siderably larg-er than in E. Dntmmondii, the glands with a narrow petal- like border usually denticulate or lobed. Capsule about l^ lines longf, tbe cocci more distinct than in tbe allied species, and prominently keeled. Seeds rugose. — E. SharJiocnsis, Baill. Adans. vi. 287. N. Australia. N.W. Coast, Dampier's Archipelago, A. Cunningham ; Despard's island, Bynoe. W. Australia. Useless Harbour, Sharks' Bay, B. Broicn; Port Gregory, Oldfield. 13. E. micradenia, Boiss. in DC. Prod. xv. ii. 27. A dwarf perennial with a woody rhizome, closely allied to E. MacfiiUirraiji and E. sernilata, differing- from the former in its perfectly glabrous stem and foliag-e, and from the latter in its perennial rbizome, shorter and broader leaves, and in tbe involucral giands very small witbin ihe petal-like appen- dag^es, wbich are about 1 line diameter. Stems in tbe specimens seen rarely above G in. long-. Leaves mostly semicordate, ovate or the upper ones oblong--lanceolate, obtuse, more or less serrulate, ^ to 1 in. long'. Involucres inflorescence and fruit tbose of tbe more petaloid specimens of E. Macgillivraiji, of which it may be a variety. N. Australia. Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, B. Brown; Port Darwin, JSchidtz, n. 545. Queensland. Albany island, F. 31ueller. 14. E. Macgillivrayi, Boiss. in DC. Prod. xv. ii. 2G. A perennial but often llowering- the tirst year so as to appear annual, the rhizome at length hard and woody. Stems erect or ascending-, from under G in. to above 1 ft. higb, more or iess pubescent as well as the foliag-e or at leng-tb nearly glabrous. Leaves opposite, petiolate, the lower ones usually ovate-oblong' and under | in. long', tbe upper ones narrow- Euphorbia.] Cvill. euphorbiaces. 51* oblonp; often above 1 in., obtuse, serrulate, oblique at tlie base or semi- cordate. Stipules ofton lobed or fring-ed. Flower-heads small, crowded " in ratlier dense sliortly ])eduncnl:ite axillary or terminal cymes, the floral leaves reduced to small bracts or the lower pair only developed and leafy. Involucre ^- to | line long-, the bracts bordered by white petal-like entire appendng-es, varying- from \ to 1 line in diameter. Capsule g-labrous, above 1 line long-. Seeds rug-ose. Queensland. Thirstv ^onnA, It. Brown; Port Molle and Gould \s\&m\,M'Gil- livniji ; r.iisbane river, F. Mueller; Port Denison, Fitzalan; Eockhanipton, Dallachy, Thnzet ; Walloon, Bowman; Snttor rivcr, Thozet. N. S. 'Wales. Clarence river, BccJcler; New England, C. Stuart. 15. E. serrulata, Reinw. ; Boiss. in DC. Prod. xv. ii. 25. A g-la- brous iinnual, the stems often hard at the base, erect or procumbent, sometimes exceediug- 1 ft. Leaves opposite, very shortly petiolate, linear, obtuse, rather firm, more or less denticulate, oblique and some- times slig-htly cordate at the base, | to Ih in. long-. Flower-heads in rather dense shortly pedunculate cymes in the upper axils, much like those of E. Macffillivrdt/i, the bracts small, the petal-Iike appendages of the involucral g-lands usually smaller than in that species. N. Australia. Port Essington, ^lr^^A^rowff; Port Darwin, >S'c/mZte, w. 234 ; Escape ClitFs, Hh1.v'. Queensland. Keppel Pay and Thirsty Sound, B. Brown; Kockhampton, O^tSltanesy (ihe latter specimen imperrect aiid doubtlul). TLis specie.s extends over tbe sea-coasts of the Arcliipelago, from Timor to S. China. 16. E. filipes, Bciith. A perennial allied to E. Mitchclliana and E. Macfiillirroiji., with the habit and loose slender intlorescence of the former and the pubescent stems and foliag-e of the latter. Stems slender, erect or ascending', G in. to 1 ft. high, the ultimate branches filiform. Leaves opposite, oblong-, the lower ones short and rather crowded, the upper ones narrow and distant. Flower-heads in rather loose irregular cymes, terminal or in the upper axils, the common peduncle as well as the petals filiform, the lower pair of floral leaves as long- as the involucre, the upper ones reduced to small bracts. Invo- lucres and capsules as small as in E. MitchcWaiia, but the petal-Iike appendages to the g-lands broadly obovate or orbicular, the involucre sometimes hairy, the capsule g-labrous. Seeds rug'ose. N. Australia. Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, B. Brown, Ilenne ; Fitzmaurice' river, F. Maeller. 17. E. pilulifera, Limi.; Boiss. inDC. Prod. xv. ii. 21. A prostrate or ascending- branched annual, attaining- 1 to 2 ft., the branches hirsute with spreading- hairs and often rufescent. Leaves opposite, shortly petiolate, from ovate to ovate-lanceolate or oblong-, | to l^ in. long-, rather obtuse, usually denticulate, very oblique and narrow or semi- cordate at the base. Stipules small, linear, inserted on a transverse raised line. Flower-heads minute and numerous, crowded in head- like cymes on short peduncles in one axil of each pair of loaves or terminatmg the branches. Involucre about ^ line long, the glands E 2 62 cviii. EUPHORBiACE^. [Miphorbia. small and entire, without tlie petal-like appendag-es of the preceding' species, Capsule ^ to | line diameter, more or less hairy. Seeds slightlj rug-ose. Qneensland. Rockingham Bay, Dallachy ; common about Rockhampton, Dallachy, Bowman, and others. — A common tropical wced of cultivation both in tlie New and the Old World. Sect. 2. EREMorHiLA, Bflixs. — Herbs. Leaves opposite or the lower ones and sometimes those of hixuriant hranches alternate. Stipules very minute or obsolete. Involucral ghmds without petal-hke appen- dag-es. Seeds carunculate. 18. £. eremopliila, A. Cunn. in Mitch. Trop. Amtr. 348. An erect g'lahrous hard anniuil or perhaps perennial, usually dichotomous and from 6 in. to 1 ft. hig-h, but in some situations taller and more slender. Lower leaves and sometimes a few on lateral branches alternate, all the others opposite, petiolate, linear or rarely linear-lanceolate or oblong", more or less remotely serrulate or sometimes cjuite entire, h to above 1 in. long', leaving- when fallen oif a g-land-like scar and sometimes a second one immediately above, the stipules often scarcely perceptible or qiiite wanting. Flower-heads sohtary in one axil only of the pair of leaves, on a short pediceL Involucre scarcely 1 hne long-, the g4ands (5 or 4) broad, reniform, without appendages. Bracts within the involucre few and short. Capsule about 2 hnes iong-, g-labrous and smooth, the stipes rather long. Seeds g-ranular-rug-ose, with a rather large variously shaped caruncle. — Boiss. in DC. Prod. xv. ii. 70 and Euph. Ic. t. 43 ; E. deserticola, F. MuelL in Linneea, xxv. 440. W. Australia. Groote island, Gulf of Carpentaria, B. Brown; Greville island, Eegenfs river I^.W. Cuast and Goulburn island, A. Cunningham; Victoria river, If\ IlueUer (with large leaves often altemate). Queenslaud. Broad Sound and Slioalwater Baj, R. Broivn; Port Curtis, M'Gil- livray ; Three isles, Barrier reef Passage, and islands of Moreton Bay, F. 31ueller ; Eockingham and Edgecombe Bays, Dadachy; Rockhampton, Bowman and others/ Warrego river, Mitchell. N. S. 'Wales. Murray and Darling rivers and thence to the Barrier Range, F. Mueller, Victorian and other Expeditions ; Clarence river, Beclder; New England, C. JStuart. Victoria. Murray river, F. 3Iueller. S. Australia. Spencer's Gulf, B. Brown ; Fh^nders' range, Cudnaka, Akaba, &c., F.Mueller; Mount Searle, Warhurton ; Gawler range, SuUivan ; Lake Gillies, ^m;-- kitt; Cooper's Creek, HowitVs Expedition (with thick succulent stems aud small leaves). "W. Australia. Murchison river, Oldfield, Drummond, Qth coll. n. 88 ; Dirk Hartog'8 island, A. Cunningham. 2. CALYCOPEPLUS, Planch. Flower-heads resembling- sing-le flowers. Invohicre campanulate or open, 4-lobed, with or without small glands between the lobes. Male flowers collected in 4 chisters of 4 or niore within the involucre and op])osite its lobes, each one subtended and more or less embraced hy a tract, the outer 1 or 2 much enlarg-ed and enclosing- the cluster j each Cali/copephts.] cviii. euphorbiace^. 53 flowcr consistinp; of an articulated filament (or pedicel witli a short lilainent) witliout any ])enanth and a sin^'le anther, witli 2 parallel cells opening- long-itudinalh'. Female ilower solitary in the centre of the head, pedicelhite, Perianth 4- or 6-lobed. Ovary sessile within the perianth, 3-celled, with 1 ovule in each cell. Style 3-cleft, the branches (or separate styles) entire or i2-lobed. Capsule separatinj>- into 3 2-valved cocci. Seeds smooth, carunculate. — Shrubs (or undershrubs) with opposite virg-ate branches usually leatless at the time of Howering;. Leaves opposite or sometimes whorled, narrow, entire, vcry deciduous. Stipules very minute or obsolete. Flower-heads small, axillary or terminal. Tlie gonus is limited to West Australia. It is united by Boissier witli EupJtorlin, bnt beiiig coiitirmed by a second speciea sliowing the distinctive characters still more prominently, I have followed Baillon in retaining it, aithoiigh not on tho grouiuls advanced by him, for he appears to consider tlie tlower-heads as siiigle Howers in Euphorbia and as heads of liowers in Calycopeplus, a diflereuce in which 1 am quite unable to concur. Branches terete. Lobes of the invoiucre and of the female perianth wholly gieen or scarcely bordered 1. C. ephedroides. Branches tlat or angular. Lobes of the involucre and of the female perianth with broad white margins 2. C. marginatus. 1. C. ephedroides, Planch. i/i Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. viii. 31. An erect g-labrous shrub of several feet, with virg-ate ephedra-like terete branches, usually leaiiess at the time of flowering-. Leaves on the young shoots opposite or in whorls of 3 or 4, petiolate, linear or lanceolate, entire, 1 to l^ in. long-, leavin^ after falling" a persistent gland-like base, described sometimes as an adnate stipule. Flower-heads almost sessile, solitary or 2 together in each axil of the pair or whorl of leaves, within 2 to 4 broad short scale-like bracts. Involucre broadly campanulate, about Ih lines diameter, with 4 rounded lobes, the margins of the 2 outer ones often dilated and whitish, 4 glands alternating- with them very small and stij)itate. Clusters of small flowers usually enclosed in one very broad bract, all the other bracts much smaller. Perianth of the female flowers very short, with 6 broad equal lobes. Styles free almost or (pute from the base. Capsule glabrous. — Buphorbia panciJoUa, Klotzsch in Pl. Preiss. i. 174 5 Boiss. in DC. Prod. xv. ii. 175, and Euph. Ic. t. 120; Calycopeplus paiicifuUus, Baill. Adans. vi. 319. W. Australia. Swan river, Brummond, Ist coll. n. 669 : Canning river, Freiss. 2. C. marginatus, Be/ifh. Branches opposite, rig-id, virg-ate and almost leafless as in C. cphedroides, but either flattened or ang-idar as in Amperea spartiuides. Leaves very few, small, linear, very deciduous. Stipules minute. Flower-heads pedunculate, solitary in the forks or at the ends of the branches or on short axillary branches bearing- a single pair of bracts or small leaves. Involucre doeply divided into 4 broadly ovate lubes not 1 line long, with broad white petal-like margins and without the intervening- g-lauds of C. ephedruides. Clusters of male flowers like those of C. ephedruides, but very sliort, not exceeding the involucre and at least 2 of the outer bracts broad and onclosing- the cluster one within 54 cviii. EUPHORBiACE^. [Calycopcplus. the otlier. Pedicel of tlie feraale flower sliort, the perianth deeply divided into 4 broad white-hordered lohes like those of the involucre hut lonp-er, quite as lonj;' as the ovary at the time of flowering', ])ersist- ing- under tlie fruit, and the edg-es usuall}' crenuhite. Capsule ovoid, g-labrous, nearly 3 hnes long-. Styles united iu a short slender column at the base, spreading" uj)wards, acute and entire. Seeds smooth, caruncuhite. W. Australia. Towaids Cape Eiclie, Drummond, Lth coll. n. 213. Ej^hedra arhorea, F. Muell. Syst. Ait. F1. CarpentMria, 14 (App. Jouvn. I.anes- borougli Exped.), referred to und(;r doubtful species by Parlatore lu DC. Frod. xvi. ii. 359, thim the foot of Newcastle Range in North Auslialia, appears to me most likely to be a third species of Calycopeplih.^ with the sessik' flower-heads of C. ephedroides and the angular liranches of C. margi7ia'm. The flower-heads in the specimens are, however, all so defurmed bv grubs that their true structure cannot be ascertained. Tribe 2. Stenolobe^. — Flowers distinct (not enclosed in a calyx- like involucre), both sexes with a perianth. Embryo linear, the cotyledons not at all or scarcely broader than the radicle. Shrubs often heath-like, with entire coriaceous leaves or rarely herbs with small membranous leaves. The principal cliaracter which distinguishes the two principnl divisions of this small exclusively Austraiian tribe, from tiie tribes of PhyUanthece and Crotonece respectiveiy, that deris'ed from the embryo, is probably constant, altliough rarely to be ascertained in herbarium specimens. Tbe trilie is, however, natural in character and well-marlied geogra- phically. A fewspecies of Phyllanthvs may approach Pseudantlius in habit, but readiiy distingiiished by tlie ovary and capsnle, and sonie species of Beyeria wliich have been confounded witli Croton are as easil}' Ivnown by their stamens and style. The other genera have no representatives of their habit either in Phyllunthece or Crotonece. 3. PORANTHERA, Rudge. Flowers monoecious. Male fl. : Calyx petal-Hke, deeply divided into 5 segments imbricate in the bud. Petals 5, small or occasionally deficient, with a small g-land at the base of each. Stamens 5, opposite the calyx segments ; anther-cells completely divided, forming- 4 distinct cells opening- in terminal pores either quite distinct or at length con- fluent into 2. liudimentary ovary of 3 small clavate or membranous bodies. Female fl. : Calyx and petals of the males. Stamens 0. Ovary broad, flat or concave at the toj), G-lobed, 3-celled, with 2 ovules in each celL Styles 3, divided to the base into 2 Hnear branches. Capsule depressed g-lobular, opening- in 3 loculicidal valves or separating- into 3 2-valved cocci, the valves usually separating- more readily than the cocci, the whole falHng- away leaving- a persistent clavate axis. Seeds strongly reticuhite. Embryo terete, curved, the cotyledons not broader than the radicle. — Herbs either annual or after the flrst year becoming' sufl^rutescent. Leaves alternate, mcmbranous, entire, narrow or smaU. Stipules smaH, acuminate. Flowers small, white, in very short dense racemes ahnost contracted into heads, each one in the axil of afloral leaf or bract, the head-Hke racemes soHtary or more frequently several iu a terminal leaty corymb. The genus is limited to Australia. PorantTtera.] cviii. euphorbiace^. 55 Leaves linear, sessile or shortly contracted at the base. Plants usually eruct and becomiiig womly at the base. Plant rarely above (3-8 in. liigh. Leave.s with mnch revohite mar- gins. Flower-lieMcl.s solitary or in ciose corymbs. Stipulcs jaggcd or tootheJ. Eastefn piatit 1. P. ericifoUa. Stipules ciitirc. ^Vcsterii or S. Australian piant 2. P. ericoides. Plants niostly 1 ft. higii or more. Leaf-margius less revolute. Flowcrlieads loosely corymbose. Plant ratlicr slender, rareiy much above 1 ft. high. Western species 3. P. Hmgelii. Phiiit 1-3 ft. high. Eastern species 4. P. corymbosa. Lcaves obovate or lincar-spathulate contracted inlo a long petiole. Diffuse slender annual with gmall flowers 6. P. microphylla. 1. P, ericifolia, liudfje in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 802, t. 22. A small iindershnib, tlie ereet stems usually under 0 in. and rarely nearly 1 ft. hiyh, ofteu minutely scabrous-pubescent. Leaves crowded, sessile, linear, with revolute marg-ins, ^ to ^ in. lon<>\ Stipules scarious, lanceo- hite, more or less lobed or jaj^-g-ed. Flowers small and numerous, the head-like racemes pedunculate, forming- a dense terminal leafy corymb, the peduncles usually shorter than the subtending" leaves, eacli flower pediceHate in the axil of a linear-spathuhxte bract, Male calyx under 1 line long-, the seg-ments whitish witii dark streaks. Petals narrow, not lialf so long- as the calyx. Female llowers fewer than the males, at the base of the raceme, the calyx and petals simihxr but rather smaller. Ca{)sule about 1 liue diameter. — Muell. Arg*. in DC. Prod. xv. ii. 191. N. S. Wales. Port Jaclcson, E. Brown, Sieber, n. 118, Woolls, and others. 2. P. ericoides, Klotzsch in Pl. Preiss. ii. 232. A small underslirub closely resembling P. ericifoUa, with the same heath-like crowded leaves, and compact inllorescence sometimes reduced to a single head-like raceme at the end of tlie branch, but the stipules appear to be constantly cjuite entire. It is either cpiite g'labrous or very slig'htly scabrous- pubescent. — Muell. Arg-. in DC. Prod. xv. ii. 191 ; P. jjiccoides, Kl. in Pl. Preiss. ii. 232 ; P. glauca, Kl. l.c. 231, Muell. Arg-. l.c. 192 (with rather more developed intlorescence) ; P. arbuscula, Sond. in Linnaea, xxvdii. 007 ; P. cicatricosa, F. Muell. (ined. ?) S. Australia. Encounter Bay, P. Mueller. W. Australia. King George's Souiid to Swan river, Baxter, Drummond, \sl coll. n. 674, Preisi, n. 1227 atid 2044, OldfiM, and others, and eastward toCape Arid, Max- well, the eastern specimens as wcll as the S. Australian sliowing generally a more de- veloped corymb {P. ylauca), but many even among these with tbe compact raceme solitary or nearly so. 3. P. Huegelii, Klotzsch in Pl. Prciss. ii. 231. Very near to the taller looser-Howered sj)ecimens of P. ericoidcs but more slender, usually taller and less woody at the base, some specimens coming- very near to the smaller forms of the eastern P. corjnihosa. Leaves more acute than in P. ericoides, less crowded, and not so much revolute. Flowers in a looser less corymbose panicle, the lovver or all the branches much long-er than the subtending- leaves. Flowers and fruits the same as in that species.— Muell. Arg-. in DC. Prod. xv. ii. 192. W. Australia, Drummond ; King George's Sound, Preis-^, n, 2047, F. Mueller, 56 cviii. EUPHORBiACEiE. [Pormthera. and others ; Blackwood and Kalgan rivers, Oldfield; eastward along the coast from Cape Arid to Cape Paisley, Maxiodl. 4. P. corymbosa, Brongn. in Dnperr. Voy. Coq. Bot. 219, t. 50, f. A. A much larger aiid more shrubby plant than the preceding- species, the stems from 1 to 3 ft. high, not inuch branched. Leaves huear or sometimes linear-lanceolate, usually obtuse, | to l^ or even 2 in. long-, crowded in the lower })art, more distant in the upper part of the steni, sometimes cpiite flat but the marg-ins niore frequently narrowly revolute. Stipules entire. Head-like racemes forming- a terminal corymb, with tlie lateral branches much long-er than the subtending- leaves. Capsule rather larger and less hjbed than in the preceding* species. — Muell. Arg. in DC. Prod. xv. ii. 192 ; P. linarmdes, Sieb. Pl. exs. ; Baill. Etud. Euph. t. 25, f. 1 to 9 ; P. arhuscula, Sieb. Pl. exs. (the young' in- florescence not yet fully developed) ; P. ericiJoUa, Hueg". Bot. Archiv. t. 8 (raised from Port Jackson seeds and not the western P. Hueffelii). N. S. Wales. Port Jackson to the Bhie Mountains, B. Brown, A. Ctinningliam, Sieber, 71. 116, 117, and many others ; Illawarra, A. Cunningham, Sluphcrd; near Mount Inilay, Twofold Bay, F. Mutlltr (smaller specimens coming very uear to P. Saegelii). 6. P. microphylla, Bronffn. in Duperr. Voy. Coq. Bot. 218, t. 50 B. A low ditfuse ghibrous slender annual, sometimes becoming- hard at the base, the branches ascending- to from 3 to 6 in. Leaves from linear- spathulate to obovate, obtuse, tapering- into a rather long- petiole, flat or with the margins slightly recurved, 5 to | in. long* or sometimes long"er when narrow or scarcely 2 lines long when obovate. Flower-heads in small very leafy corymbs, the outer floral leaves usually exceeding' the riowers. Flowers smaller than in the other species and sometimes minute, but their structure the same, the petals very variable, some- times fully half as long as the calyx, sometimes some or all much smaller or entirely deficient. After the flowers have fallen the rhachis is often much elongated. — Muell. Arg. in DC. Prod. xv. ii. 193; Klotzsch in Pl. Preiss. ii. 230 ; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 343 j P. Drummondii, Klotzsch, l.c. 231. N. Australia. Port Darwin, Schidts, n. 54. Queensland. Sandy ("ape and Keppel Bay, E. Broion; Port Curtis, M'GiRivray; Endeavour river, A. Cunviugham ; Brisbane river, Prentice, N. S. V^ales. Port Jackson to the Blue Mountains, E. Brown, A. & E. Cun- ningham, and otliers; Bathurst, A. Cunningham ; New England, C. Stuart ; Hastings and Macleay rivers, Beckler. Victcria. Melbourne, Adamsion; Buffalo Range, F. Mueller ; Wendu Vale, Eohertson ; rorildnd, Allitt ; \\ immera, Dullachy. Tasmania. A common weed from the sea-coast to the tops of the mountains, J. D. Euoker. 5. Australia. Mount Gambier, St. Vincent's and Spencer's Gulfs, Torrens river, F. 3Iucller, and olhers. W. Australia. King Georgc's Sound, rri.iss, n. 2045, F. Mueller ; Swau river, Drummond, \st. coll. n. 675, Preiss, n. 2048; eaatward to Cape Arid, Maxwell. Micrantheum,] cviii. EUPiionDiACE-s:. 57 4. MICRANTHEUM, Desf. (Caletia, Baill.) Flowers upiially monopcious. Male fl. : Perianth of 6 petal-like seo-ments, tlie three inner ones often rather hiryer. No internal disk. Stamens either 3 opposite the outer perianth-seg-ments, or 6 opposite all the seg-ments, or 8 or 9 more irreg-uhirly insertcd anthers with 2 paraHel cells opening- long^itudinally. Rudimentary ovary small and lohed. Female fl. : Perianth of themales. Uvary 3-lohed and ;3-celled, tlie lohes alternating- with the inner perianth-segTOeuts and terminating' in simple styles. Ovules 2 in each cell. Capsule 3-celled. Seeds 2 (or 1 hy ahortion) in earh cell, ohlong-, smooth, carunculate. Emhryo linear, straiglit, tlie cotyledons twice as large as and not much hroader tlian the radicle. — Much hranched heath-like shruhs. Leaves on very short petioles, small, narrow, entire, coriaceous, in alternate threes on each side of the stem, supposed to he the 3 leaHets of a compound leaf, hut without any common petiole. Flowers small, solitary or few tog-ether in the upper axils, the males on short pedicels, the females usually sessile. The genus is limited to Aiistralia. Stamens 3 1. M. ericoides. Stamens 6 2. J/. hexandi-um. 1. M. ericoides, Dciif. in Mem. Mits. Par. iv. 253, t. 14. A heath- like shruh of 1 to 2 ft., the hranches and sometimes the foliag-e hirsute. Leaves or leaflets in threes, linear, flat or with slightly recurved marg-ins, ahout 3 or rarely 4 lines long", g'lahrous and smooth or scahrous- puhescent. Flowers in the axils of floral leaves which are often solitary or only 2 tog-ether, the males on pedicels shorter than the leaves. Perianth-seg'ments ovate or oval-ohlong-, ahout f line long-, the inner ones flat, the outer concave and smaller. Rudimentary ovary usually 3-lohed. Female flowers larg-er, the inner perianth-seg-ments 2 lines long*. Capsule smooth, ahout 3 lines long-. — Muell. Arg-. in DC. Prod. XV. ii. 195 ; M. ioroniaceum, F. Muell. Frag'm, i. 32. Queensland. Port Bowen, R. Broicn ; Burnett i'iver, F. Mueller. N. S. Wales. Tort JacksOn, B. Brown, ancl others ; Dogwood Creek, Leichhardt. 2. M. hexandrum, Uooh. f. in Hooh. Lond. Jonrn. vi. 283, Fl. Tasm. i. 342. An erect shruh, attaining- in heds of rivers 8 to 10 ft., quite g-lahrous or the branches shortly pubescent. Leaves in threes, linear or oblong', \ to h in. long- and less spreading- than in M. ericoidcs. Flowers larg-er tliau in that species, ofteu oue in the axil of each of the 3 floral leaves. Male perianth with the inner segmeuts li lines long-, the outer ones shorter. Stameus 6 to 9. Rudimentary ovary 3- or more-lobed. Female perianth 2 lines long-. Ovary with 3 thick diverg-- ing- lohes or styles, alternating- with the inner perianth-s^gments as in M. erieoides. — Caletia mieranthroides, Baill. Etud. Euph. 554, t. 20, f 1 to 18, Adans. vi. 326 ; C. liexandra, Muell. Arg. in DC. Prod. xv. li. 194. 68 cviii. EUPHORBiACE^. [Micrantheum. W. S. Wales. Cox's river, A. Ctinningliam ; George river, MacartJtur ; Camden and Beriiiua, Woolh ; lUawarra, Sliepherd. Victoria. Genoa liver and BulTalo range, F. 3Iueller. Tasmania. Port Dalrymple, B. Brown ; moist shady ravines near Launceston, Laurence, Gunn, and others ; South Esk river, Archer. This species has heen very unnaturally distiiiguished as a genus from 31. erlcoides on account of a supposed difference in tlie position of the rudimentary ovary in the male flowers, which is slightly alfected by the difference in the nuuiber of stami-ns. T he relation of the carpels of the female fiowers to the perianth-segmeuts is the same iu both epecies. 5. PSEUDANTHUS, Sieb. Flowers moncecious. Male 11. : Periantli petal-like or ratber rigid, of 6 seg-ments nearly equal or one of tbe inner ones deficient or replaced by a long- libnnent. Stamens 3, 6 or more (as manv as 20), free or very sborth' united at tbe base witb tbe small rudimentary ovary. Antbers Avitb 2 separate cells opening- outwards in 2 valves. Female ll. : Periantb as in tbe males. Ovary 2- or 3-lobed, -witb tbick diverg-iug- stig-matic lobes, 2- or 3-celled wben very young- witb 2 ovules in eacb cell, but tbe dissepiments very early obliterated and all tbe ovules but one abortive. Capsule oblong-, 1-celled, 1-seeded, opening in 4 or G valves. Seed oblong-, smootli, caruncub^te. Embryo Hnear, tbe coty- ledons long-er but scarcely broader tban tbe radicle. — Heatbbke sbrubs. Leaves opposite or alternate, small, coriaceous, obtuse, witb tbick margins and tlie midrib prominent underneatb. Stipules small, subulate or witb a broad base. Flowers small, sessile or sbortly pedicellate in tbe upper axils, tbe males often several tog-etber, tbe females more sessile, solitary and alone or witb one or more males. The genus is endemic in Austialia. It is generally described as baving the stamens tmited iu a central cokimu without any rudimeutary ovary. This I have only found to be the case in F. ^johjandrns, which I have therefore transferred to Stachystemon. In the typical P . inmeltoides the stameus are certainly free as figured by Endlicher, and I have always found in tliat as in all other true species of Pseudanthus, a central 3-lobed or sometimes 2-lobed rudimentary ovary. From Micrantheum and the typical Cahtia, which I have as above restored to Micrantheum, Pseudanthus is readily distiuguivhcd by its solitary leaves, and bythe capsule constautly 1-celled aud 1-seeded by abortion. The stamens varyin number in both genera. Stamens 6. Easfern species. Male perianth-segments linear, 5-6 lines long 1. P. pimeleoides. Male perianth segments ovate or oblong-lanceolate, 1 line long or less. Leaves mostly ovate, 1-2 lines long. Perianth 1 line long, inner stamens nearly as long. Stamens 6 2. P. ovalifolius. Stamens 3 3. P. micranthus. Leaves mostly ovate or orbicular, 1-H lines long. Perianth ^ line on a still shorter pedicel. Stamens very short . 4. P. divaricatissimus. Leaves mostly oblong-linear, 2-4 lines long. Perianth \ line on a pedicel longer than itself. Stamens short . 5. P. orientalis. Stamens 9-20. ^\estern species. . Male perianth pedicellate, the segments (3-6) all similar and abuut \ line long. Branches minutely pubesceut . . . 6. P. virgatus. Male perianth sessile, 5 of the segments'i line long, the sixth tiliform, red and 2-3 lines. Pluut glabrous 7. P. nematophorus. Pseudanthus.] cviii. eupiiorbiacEjE, 59 1. P. pimeleoides, Sieh. in Spimfj- Si/st. Cur. Post. 25, An erect mucli-brancluMl j^-labrous slirub 1 to 12 ft. liig-h, Leaves alternute, scarcely petiolate, lanceolate or linear, acute, mostly 4 to 0 lines lonj^, smooth, Male tlowers clustered at tlie ends of the branclies, shortly pediceHate and very conspicuous from their coloured yellowish linear fierianth-seg'ments 4 to 5 or even G Hnes long- and excoeding' the upper eaves, Stamens 6, closely clustered round a small central rudiment of the ovary, which is sometimes slighth' raised and shortly adnate to one of ihe iihiments, but the whole are f;'enerally quite free as fig-ured by Endlicher, and I have never seen tliem iinited in a cohunn as repre- sented by Baillon, Female flowers few and inconspicuous. Perianth- segments lanceolate, acute, jag-ged on the marg-in, rij^-id, about l^ lines long-, the ovate ones rather smaller. Ovary narrow, IJ-Iobed, the dis- sepiments very imperfect at the time of llo^vering- and only one ovule fertilised. Capsule oblong-, acute, O^ to 3 lines long-, smooth, 1-seeded, — Muell. Arg-. in DC, Prod. xv. iCWG ; Endl. Atakta, 11, t. 11, the analysis copied in Plora, 1832, ii. t. 4 ; Baill. Etud. Euph. t. 25, f. 10. Queensland, Burdekin JE.vpedition ; Whltsnnda.j itila.nd, C.Moore; Repulse Bay, A. (.'nuuinciham. N, S, Wales. Port Jackson to the Blue muntains, Siebcr, n. 292 and Fl. Miut. n. 528, and otliers ; Shoalliaven, C Moore; lllawarra, Shej^herd. 2. P. ovalifolius, F. Mucll. in Tmns. Phil. Inst. Yict. ii. Ofi. A densely branched rig-id low spreading- shrub, quite g-Iahrous or with a slig-ht scabrous pubescence on the angles of the branohes and midrib of the leaves. Leaves scattered, occasionally opposite but mostly alter- nate, on exceeding'Iy short petioles, mostl}^ ovate but varying' from orbicular and 1 line diameter to oblong- and 2 lines long-, very obtuse, rig-id, concave or complicate and often recurved at the end, Male Howers very shortly pedicellate in the upper axils ; perianth white, the seg-ments not very unequal, about 1 line long'. Stamens 6 round a minute rudiment of the ovar}', the three inner ones nearly as long- as the perianth, the outer ones short and one sometimes ver}' short. Female llowers sessile, the perianth-seg-ments about h ^^^^ ^^^o> ^t^d with white marg-ins. Ovar}' narrow. Fruit not seen. — Caletia ovulifolia, Muell. Arg-. in Linmea, xxxiv. 55 and in DC. Prod. xv. ii. 194 j Baill. Adans. vi. 327. Victoria. Mount Zero, Grampians, Wilhelini. Tasmania. Flinders Isiand, Milliyan. 3. P. micranthus, Bcnth. A small rig-id much-branched g-labrous shrub, the branches slender, scarcely ang-ular. Leaves very shortly petiolate, ovate, coriaceous, complicate, 1 to 2 lines long-, Stipules very minute. Male tlowers 2 or 3 tog-ether on turbiuate pedicels of :y to ^ line, within a very few small brown bracts. Perianth-segments about h line long-, the 3 inner ones rather larg-er and more jjetal-like than the outer. Stamens 3, nearly as long- as the perianth and alternating- with the inner seg-ments, Kudimentary ovary very small, with 3 lobes alternating- with the stamens, Female perianth-seg-inents 5 in the 60 cviii. EUPHORBIACE^, [Pseudanthus. flowers examined, nearly 1 line long" when full-grown. Ovary narrow, 2-celled or nearly S-celled, taperinji' into as many long- diverg-eut styles or stigmatic lobes. Capsule obliquely ovoid, about 2 lines long", with a sing-le seed. 5. Australia. Near Adelaide, W/tittaker. 4. P. divaricatissimus, Bcnth. A depressed densely hranched or divaricate shrub, quite g'h^brous or minutely scabrous-pubescent. Loaves scattered, mostly alternate, ovate or oblong-, obtuse, 1 to 2 lines long-, recurved at the end but scarcely concave. Flowers very small in the upper axils, the males on pedicels not longer than the perianth. Perianth-segments ovate, obtuse, about | line long-, the inner ones rather larg-er than the outer. Stamens 6, all short, the inner fih^ments half as long- as the perianth, the outer much shorter, the anthers rather larg-e. Capsule oblong-, 1-seeded, larg-er than in P. oricntalis. — Calctia divaricatissima, Muell. Arg-. in Linnoea, xxxii. ?9 and in DC. Prod. xv. ii. 194. N. S. Wales. King's Tablelaud, Blue Mountains, at an elevation of 3000 ft., A. Cunuingham ; Blue Mountains, £. Cunningliam. Var. orhiculare. Leaves orbicular, abont 1 line diameter. Victoria. Summits of tbe rocky mountains on the M'Alister river, Mount Macedon and granite rocks on tbe Yowaka river, F. Mueller. 6. P. orientalis, F. Miiell. Fraqm. ii. 14. A low densely branched glabrous shrub. Leaves scattered, mostly alternate, often crowded, obIong--Iinear or linear spathulate, 2 to 4 lines long-, obtuse, thick, con- cave but often recurved at the end. Flowers in the upper axils very much smaller than in P. ovuUfolia, the males on pedicels of nearly 1 line. Perianth " yellow," scarcely \ line long", the seg-ments nearly equal. Stamens 6, the inner ones shorter than the perianth, the outer ones very short. Female Howers sessile, sometimes in the same axil as the males, the perianth rather Iarg'er. Ovary still narrower than in P. ovalifolia. Capsule narrow-oblong', about 2 lines long", 1-seeded by abortion. — Muell. Arg-. in DC. Prod. xv. ii. 19? ; Calctiaoricntalis, Baill. Adans. vi. 32? ; C. lincaris, Muell. Arg-. in Linnaea, xxxii. ?9 and in DC. Prod. XV. ii. 194 ; Baill. Adans. vi. 32?. N. S. TVales. Sandhills near Port Jackson and Botany Bay, A. and R. Cunning- ham, Mossman, F. Mueiler; Tweed river, C. Moore; also in Leichhardt'8 coUection. 6. P. virgatus, Mucll. Arg. in Linncea, xxxiv. 50 and in DC. Prod.xv. ii. 19?. A low shrub, the branches sometimes diifuse or strag'g"Iing' and 1 to l^ ft. long-, sometimes more erect and shorter, more or less pubescent or sprinkled with very short spreading- hairs. Leaves opposite or on a few branches alternate, ovate oblong- or almost linear, irom 1| lines long' when broad to 3 or even 4 lines when narrow, obtuse. Flowers «olitary or clustered, the males on pedicels of about l^ to 1 line. Perianth-segments 3 to 6, most frequentl}' 4 and often unequal ; ovate, obtuse or acuminate, entire or denticulate, rarely above I line long-. Stamens varying" from about 8 to 15, or perhaps more, clustered but always with a small rudiment of the ovary in the centre, PscudanthusA cviii, EUPHORniACEiE. 61 tlie inner ones or nearly all as loni;- as tlie ])erianth, and all frce or very sliortly connate at tlie l)aso. Feinale tlowers sessile and solitary, alone or with the males. Cajisule ovoid, 1-seeded, nearly 3 lines long- when ripe. — Chrysostcnion vir///itiis, Klotzsch in Pl. Preiss. ii. 2.'J"2 ; Psrudan- thus occidcntalis, F. Muell. Fra;i-m. i. 107; Clwrizothcca micranthcoidcs, Muell. Arg'. in Linna?a, xxxii. 7(S. W. Australia. Drummond, Is* coll. re. 725 ; bth coll. n 222; near Bakewell, Frnsx, n. 1230 ; Kalgan river, Oldjield, F. Mueller ; FitzgeralJ and Ganlner rivers, Maxioell. P. nilidm, Muell. Arg. in DC. Prod. xv. ii. 197, described from a specimon in Herb. DC, said to be from Kiug George's ^om\<\, Cumminq {\w)\rAh\y hr A. Cunniiigham, as Cumming never was there), is unknown to me. The dcscription agrecs with P. virijatu-s, except tliat there are said to be scattered glands on the receptacie altcrnating with the stamens. 7. P. nematophorus, F. Mucll. Fraijm. ii. 14. A slirub of 1 to 2 ft., with the aspect of the larger narrow-leaved specimens of P. virfiatns, but quite glabrous and more virgate in habit. Leaves opposite or alternate, hnear or narrow-oblong-, j to ■!■ in. long-. Flowers minute, sessile and chxstered in the upper axils or at the ends of the branches, the males usually 8 to 7 tog-ether ; outer perianth-seg-ments 3, broadly ovate, scarcely ^ hne long, the inner rather smaller and 2 only, the phice of the third occupied by a red filament 2 to 3 lines long-, which F. Mueller describes as a staminode and Mueller Arg\ as a g'land of the disk, but which may be rather an altered seg-ment, having' a stamen closely opposite to it like the 2 normal inner seg-ments. Stamens 15 to 20 or even more, scarcely exceeding* the perianth, with short thick iilaments, the rudimentary ovary in the centre minute and 2- or 3-lobed. Female ilower more closely sessile, and oue only in the centre of the cluster, more tardily developed than the males and sometimes none in the chister : perianth-segments narrow, acute, usually 4 only. Ovary 2-lobed. Capsule oblong-, rather acute, about 2 lines long-, 4-valved, 1-seeded— MuelL Arg-. in DC. Prod. xv. ii. 197. W. Australia. Murchison river, Oldjield, Drunimond, Qth coll. n. 89. 6. STACHYSTEMOW, Planch. Flowers monoecious. Male fl. : Perianth rather rig-id, of G segments nearly equal and entire. Stamens indefinite, united in a central cokmin, the anthers sessile on irreg'ular protuberances or borne on distinct fila- ments, each with 2 separate distinct parallel cells, opening* outwards ia 2 valves. No rudimentary ovary. Female H. : Perianth-segments broader and thinner than in the males and usually fring-ed. Ovary 2- or rarely 3-lobed, witli thick diverging stigmatic lobes, 2- or rarely 3-celled when very young-, but the dissepiments early obliterated and all the ovules but one abortive. Capside (where known) oblong', 1-seeded. Seed oblong-, smooth, carunculate. — Heath-like shrubs. Leaves alter- nate, small, coriaceous, obtuse with the midrib or keel prominent under- neath. Stipulos very small. Flowers sessile or shortly ])edicollate, clustered at the ends of the brauches, usually several males with 1 to 3 62 cviii. EUPHORBiACEiE. [Stachystemm. females. Staminal column sometimes very long- and cylindrical, and ahvays exceeding- tlie perianth. The ?eniis is endemic in Aiislralia and closely allied to Pneudanthus, differing only in the stameiis united in a column without aiiy central rudimeiit of the ovary. Stamens 10-25, the outer fiiaments almost free from the cnhmin, the inner or upper ones very short 1. S. polyandrus. Stiimens very numerous, all sessile on a long cylindrical cohimn. Leaves oblong, under \ in. long. Antheis closely packed on a cohimn of less than ^ in 2. S. Irachyphyllus. Leaves linear, mostly 1 in. long. Anthers not dense, on a column of f in. or more 3. S. vermicularis. 1. S. polyandrus, Bcnth. A g-labrous shrub, tlie stems in all the specimens seen erect, slightly branched, 6 to 8 in. high, arising- several tog'ether from a woody stock. Leaves very shortly petiolate or almost sessile, oblong* or linear, erect or slig'htly spreading-, concave and keeled, rarely above \ in. long- and the upper ones shorter. Flowers in terminal clusters, sessile or nearly so, usually 6 to 8 males Avith 1, 2 or more females. Male perianth "yellow" about 1 line long-. Androecium from a little long-er than, to twice as long- as the perianth, consisting- of from 10 to 25 stamens, of which the outer ones have their filaments free alraost to the base, the inner ones more or less united in a column, and sometimes 2 or 3 anthers sessile or nearly so at the top of the column. Female perianth about f line long-, the segments broad thin and fringed on the marg-in. Ovary 2-celled. Capsule not seen. — Psendantlins poJjjandrus, F. Muell. Fragm. ii. 153; Muell. Arg-. in DC. Prod. xv. ii. 190 ; P. chri/scns, Muell. Arg-. in Flora, 18G4, 48G and in DC. Prod. l.c. W. Australia. Drummond, 5th coll. n. 221 ; Oldfield river, llaxivell. — This Bpecies connects in some measure Stachystemon with Pseudanthus, hut 1 find the Btamens always really united, without any trace of the rudimentary ovary, and huve therefore transferred it to Stachystemon. 2. S. brachyphyllus, 3Iucll. Arg. in Linn/ea, xxxii. 7Q, and in DC. Prod. XV, ii. 198. A g-labrous shrub, with erect stems of about 1 ft., closely resembling- S. jwlyandrus except in the staminal column. Leaves oblong-, under \ in. long-. Flowers in terminal clusters, often as many females as males, the former closely sessile, the latter on pedicels of nearly 1 line. Male perianth of 6 lanceolate acute rather thick entire segments. Anthers exceedingiy numerous, sessile, and closely packed, from the base to the end, on irreg-ular giand-like protuberances of a cylindrical column of about 4 lines, the 2 cells of each anther quite separate, having- the aj^pearance of distinct 1-celled anthers. Female perianth-segments fully 1 line long', broad, acute or acuminate, much imbricate with fring'ed margins. Ovary with 2 long- recurved stigmatic lobes. Capsules ovoid, acute, nearly 3 lines long", with a singie seed. M^. Australia. Drummond, 4th coll. n. 95. — This species had been well distin- guished in the Hookerian herbarium by Planchon, with the maimscript name of S. hrevifoUus, which Muelier Arg. in common fairness ought to have adopted. 3. S. vermicularis, Planch. in Hook. Lond. Journ. iv. 471, 1. 15. An erect giabrous shrub, with virg-ate stems of about 1 ft. Leaves linear, acute or obtuse, not so thick as in the preceding- species and 4 to 8 lines Stackl/Stmm.] CVIII. EUPHORBIACEiE. 63 long*. Inflorescence of S. bracfr>/ph>/lhis, but tlie males Tisunlly more iniiuerous on pedicels of 1 to l^ liues, the feinales few and sessile. Male periantli of (i ver}' narrow acute seg-uients, scarcely 1 line lon^. Stauiiual coluuin linear, | to 1 in. loug-, the anthers sessile on pro- tuberances not so closely packed as in S. brach)/j)hijllus. Female perianth- segiueuts broader than in the niales, acute, fring-ed, 1 or 'J of the inuer oues sometimes reduced to slender filaments. Ovary deeply divided into 2 long- lobes stigmatic iuside in their upper half Capsule not seen. — Muell. Arg-. in DC. Prod. xv. ii. 198. W. Australia. Swan river, Drummond, 2nd coll. n. 234, Clarke. 7. BEYERIA, Miq. (Calyptrostigma, Klotzsck ; Beyeriopsis, Miiell. Arg.) Flowers monoecious or rarely dioecious. Male fl. : Calyx of 5 rarely 4 broad segments, imbricate, concave and more or less petal-like. Petals as many, small or rarely exceeding- the calyx, or fewer or more. Ghinds as many as petals and alternating- with (or rarely opposite to) them. Stamens numerous, with very short filaments, crowded on a hemispherical receptacle, without any central rudimental ovary; anthers with 2 distinct parallel cells opening* outwards long'itudiually in 2 valves. Female fl. : Calyx-segments thicker and narrower than iu the males, ofteu enlarg-ing- after flowering-. Ovary 3-celled, entire, wath 1 ovule in each cell ; stigma sessile, broad, entire or 3-lobed, peltate and flat or more or less calyptriform and almost conical, more rarely deeply 3-lobed. Capsule 3-celled, 3-seeded, or rarely oblicpie and 1-seeded by abortion. Seeds oblong", smooth, carunculate. Embryo narrow- linear, the cotyledons long-er but scarcely broader than the radicle. — Shrubs often more or less g*lutinous, with alternate leaves, usually narrow, with recurved or revolute margins, white underneath with a close stellate pubescence. Flowers small, axillary, the males solitary or in clusters of 2 or 3, rarely racemose, the females solitary. The geuus is limited to Australia. Sect. 1. Eubeyeria. — Anfhers ftcice af lo7ig as hroad, adnate to an entire or scarceh/ lohed conntctive. Stigma entire or scarceli/ lobed. — Eastern sjjecies {pne spedes also Western). Leaves oblong lanceolate or broadly linear, flat or with recurved margins. Leaves mostly 1-2 in. long. Capsule glabrous 1. ^. viscosa. Leaves mostly 1-2 in. long. Capsule hairy 2. B. lasiocarpa. Leaves under 1 in., usually narrow. Capsule glabrous . . . 3. J3. opaca. Leaves narrow-lincar almost terete with a hooked poiut . . . A. B. uncinata. Sect. 2. Beyeriopsis. — Anthers short, the cells quite distinct, either adnate to a deephj 2-lohed connective or pnrticdly free v:ith the connective more entire. Stigma entire or scarcely lohed. — Species all Ifestern. Leaves ovate or lanceolate, rounded or cordate at the base. Petals glabrous or scarcely tomentose inside. Leaves broadly ovate, 4-1 in. long. Male pedicels slender, pu- bescent, longer thau the perianth 5. B. latifolia. 64 cviii. EUPHORBiACE^. \Beyeria. Leaves ovate, not exceeding ^ in. Male pedicels very short thick and hirsute 6. ^. cygnorum. Leaves niostly lanceolate, the margins niuch revolute. Male pedicels slender, glabrous, longer than the periamh . . . 1. B. cinerea. Leaves broadiy ovate. Petals bearded inside 8. B. cyanescens. Leaves narrow, sessile or tapering into a short petiole. Petals URually hirsute inside, at least at the base. Leaves oblong, with revolute margins. Petals broad, rather large. Capsule equally 3 seeded 9. B. lepidopetala. Leaves ali liiiear, much revoiute, scarcely showing any white undersurlace. Petals nrbicnlar. Capsule oblique, 1-seeded. Ovary and capsiile 2-horned on tlie fertile side .... 10. B. similis. Ovary and capsule witliout appendages 11. JS. hrevifolia. Petals small and irreguhxr, oftcn wantiiig. Capsule equally 3-seeded 12. B. Drummondii. Sect. 3. Oxygyne. — Anthcrs q/"Beyeriopsis. Stigma decphj S-lohed. Male floxoers in a loose racerae. — Tropical sptcies. Leaves ovate or lanceolate, tapering at the base, l-l^ in. long . 13. B. tristigma. Sect. 1. EuBEYERiA. — Antliers twice as long' as broad, adnate to an entire or scarcely lobed connective. Species all strictly Eastern except the common B. viscosa, wliich extends also into W. Australia. The differences in the anthers of the two sections, although as observed by Baillon not marlied enough to justiiy the niaintenance of distinct genera, when some speines sucli as B. viscosa and B. Drummondii are otherwise so nearly allied, is yet vory easily observed when the two are compared. 1. B. viscosa, Miq. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3, i. 350, t. 15. A tall shriib or tree, the flowering" and fruiting- branches usually viscid. Leaves from oval-oblong- to oblong-lanceokite or broadly linear, mostly obtuse, tapering- into a petiole, the margins often recurved, glabrous above, pale or white-tomentose underneath, usually from 1 to above 2 in. in length. Flowers axillary or lateral, on recurved pedicels of \ to nearly ^ in., the females sohtary, the males often 2 or 3 tog-ether. Calyx-seg-ments broad, coloured, about 2 lines long-. Petals small. Anthers (about ^ Hne long-) twice as long- as broad, the cells wholly adnate to the entire connective. Female calyx smaller than the male, the thickened pedicel appearing' to form part of it, the segments narrow with frequently smali g-lands alternating- with them. Ovary nearly g-lo- bular, the larg-e calyptriform sessile stigma closely appressed when voung, raised and llat or concave when full}' out. Capsule ovoid- g-lobular, about 4 Hnes long, hard and glutinous, 3-celled and 3-seeded. — Muell. Arg. in DC. Prod. xv. ii. 202 ; Croton viscosum, Labill. Pl. Nov. Holl. ii. 72, t. 222; Caliij^trostigma viscosum and C. dbloiigifolium^ Klotzsch in PL Preiss. i. 176; Beyvria oMotu/ifolia, Hook. f. FL Tasm. i. 339. Queenslaud. Mount Flinders and Cape Porteous, A. Cunningham ; Moreton Bay, F. Mueller ; sources of Cape river, Boicman ; Mount Wheeier, Sutherlcind. N. S. Wales. Blue Mountains, B. Cunningham ; Liverpool plains, A. Cunning- ham ; IMoore river, Mitchell; New England, C. Stuart; between the Lachlan and Bogan rivers, L. Morton. Tasmania, Lahillardiere ; Port Dajrymple and Derwent river, R. Brown; Abun- dant in shady places especially on the rooky banks of rivers, /. B. Hooher. Bciiiria.] cviii. EUPiioiiniACK.E. C5 W. Australia. Swan river, Drummond, Ilarvey; llottencst islanJ, Preiss, n. 2387 ; Sliarks I!ay. J/. lirm-it. Var. lutifolia, with broad but not long ieavcs, VV. Aiistralia, Drnmmond, bth. coll. n. 217. The leaves iii the spccies v.iry excecdiiigly in size iii breadth anil in the whiieness of the under surface. In the Western speciiuens thcy are geuerally but not alwaya broader thau in tiie Eastern ones ; in those Irom Tasiuania and tVom tiui Blue -Moiin- taius tiiey are large aiid loiig, auJ the tlowers rathcr large ; in the iuterior of N. S. W ales and in QuecnshinJ both le ives anJ tiowers are smaller. 2. B. lasiocarpa, F. MncU.; Mmil. Arff. in. Linnrea, xxxiv. 59, nnd in DC. Prod. XV. ii. 2Ul. A tiill ;ilinost arborescent shrub, closoly rcseinbliuj.^ tlie Iarg"er broader-leuved tbrnis ot" B. vixcosa and recentlj reg"arded by F. Mueller as a variety only, but orig-inally disting-uished by Uini as well as by Mueller Arg-. and by Baillon as a species by tlie larger IVuiting- perianth, the capsule deusely hirsute with hyaline hairs, and the larg-er stigma slightly raised on a central prominence of the capsule. — liaill. Adaus. vi. '307. N. S. TVales. Twofold Bay, F. 3Iueller; also a form with less hairy capsules iutcrmeJiatc iu several respects bctween the typical B. viscosa anJ the B lasiocarpa from New Englaud, C. Stuart, Leichhardt ; Hastings river, Beckler ; bnt the speciuieiis are scarcely sulficient to determine whether the two should be retaincd as spccics or varieties. 3. B. opaca, F. Mucll. in Trans. Phil. Soc. Vict. i. 16, and in Hooh. Kew Journ. viii. 210. An erect shrub of 1 to 2 ft., closely allied to B. viscosa, of which F. Mueller considers it a variety, with more slender stems and smaller leaves and fiowers. Leaves rarely above 1 in. long and mostly |^ to | in., oblong or almost linear rarely ovate, very obtuse, with revolute margins or nearly tiat, pale or very white underneath. Flowers of i?. viscosa, but smaller in every respect, and the anthers rather shorter in proportion to their breadth.— Sond. in Linmea, xxviii. 565. and B. lcdifolia., Sond. l.c. but not KIotzsch's plant ; B. Bachhousii, Hook. f. FI. Tasm. i. 389 ; Hcmistemma! Lcschcnaultii, 1)0. Syst. Veg-. i. 4-14 ; B. Lcschcnaultii, Baill. Adans. vi. 307. N. S. Wales. Euryalean scrub, Fraser. Victoria. Sea-coast, Fort Fairy, Gunn; Cape Otway, F. Mueller; Murray riv.r, Wilhelmi. Tasmania. Islands of Bass'8 Straits, B. Broion, Gunn, Backhouse, Milligan, M'Goican. S. Australia. Memory Cove, Port Lincoin and Kangaroo island, B. Brown; Miirray river to LakesTvrrcil anJ Albert, P..int Nepean and Uuichen Bay, F. Mueller; Itivuli Bay, Bohertson, P. Muellcr; Port Lincoln, Wdhelmi. Var. linearis. Leaves narrow liiiear, tnmcate or emarginate, 1-1 4 iu. long, with revo- lute margins. — Alps on the Macaiister, F. Mueller ; near AJelaiJe, Blandowski. 4. B. uncinata, F. Mucll. ; Baill. Adans. vi. 306. An erect viscid shrub, with slender slightlv canescent branches. Leaves almost sessile, linear-subulate, recurved or hooked at the point, the margins so closely revolute as to be almost terete with a groove underneath,_^ to | in. long-. Male Howers unknown. Female llowers like those of B. upaca, but much smaller. Baillon further distinguishes it by the thinner calyx- segments, more free from the ovary, and by the very caducous stigma, distinctions however scarcely warranted by the specimens. 5. Australia ? Murray desert, F. Mueller. VOL. VI. F 66 cviii. EUPHORBiACE^. [Beyeria. Sect. 2. Beyeriopsis. — Antbers short, the cells quite distinct, either adnate to a deeply 2-loljed connective, or partially free with the connective more entire. Species all Western. 6. B. latifolia, Baill. Adans. vi. 304:. A more or less viscid shrub of G to 8 ft., the branches usually hoary with a stelhvte pubescence. Leaves broadly ovate, obtuse, llat or with recurved margins, sometimes ahuost cordate at the base, g-labrous above, very densely and softly tomentose underneath, |^ to 1 in. long", on petioles of 1 to 2 Hnes. riowers monoecious, both sexes solitary in our specimens, on slender pedicels of ^ in. or more. Calyx-segments about f line long-, broad, very concave and often slig^htly jag"g'ed. Petals broad and nearly as long" as the calyx, g-labrous or scarcely tomentose inside. alternating' with the giands. Stamens very numerous, the anther-cells quite dis- tinct, attached by the centre, with minute appendages at the end. — BcT/eriopsis lutifoUa, Muell. Arg-. in DC. Prod. xv. ii. 200. W. Australia. Towards Cape Eiche, Drummond, 5th coll. n. 216; Point Henry, Oldfield. 6. B. cygnorum, Baill. Adans. vi. 309. A much-branched more or less pubescent shrub. Leaves ovale or ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, rounded or slightly cordate at the base, the margins much revolute, 3 to 6 lines long", on petioles of 1 to 2 Hnes. Flowers apparently dioecious, axiUary, the males soHtary or several tog-ether on exceedingiy short thick hispid pedicels. Calyx-seg"ments about | line long-, very concave, almost saccate, hispid outside near the base. Petals shorter than the cal^^x and quite giabrous. Stamens numerous, the anthers short, with distinct cells. Female liowers solitary on pedicels rather long-er than those of the males, the calyx quite giabrous. Petals smalh Ovary tapering- at the top, the peltate stigma not very larg'e. — Bcycriopsis cygnarum, Muell. Arg\ in DC. Prod. xv. ii. 199. V/'. Australia. Between Moore and Murchlson rivers, Drummond, 6th coll. n. 85. 7. B. cinerea, Baill. Adans. vi. 309. A much-branched erect shrub, more or less scabrous-pubescent or shortly hispid and possibly giutinous. Leaves lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, with tlie margins often so much revolute as to appear linear, rather acute, rounded or almost cordate at the base, 3 to 5 lines long-, on petioles of about 1 line. Flowers in the specimens seen all males, solitary or 2 or 3 tog"ether on filiform pedicels rather long-er than the petioles. Calyx-segments orbicular. giabrous, about I line long-, each with a very prominent dorsal keel or protu- berance near the base. Petals rather shorter than the calyx, orbicular, giabrous. Stamens numerous, anthers short, the cells distinct, tipped with small appendages, those of 3 central stamens rather larg-er and not tipped — Bcyeriojjsis cincrea, Muell. Arg-. in DC. Prod. xv. ii. 200. _ "W. Australia. Swan river, Drummond , \st coll. n. 724. — This species at first eight much resembles B. cygnorum, but the flowers are diflferent. 8. B. cyanescens, Benth. Branches short, spreading-, grey but giabrous. Leaves crowded, broadly ovate or ovate-lauceolate; the Beycria.] cviii. euphorbiace^. 67 marpns much revolute, \ in. lonc»', stellate-pubescent when younf^ but becomin}»' jj;l;ibi-ous above, white-tomentose underneath. Pedicels of tlie male ilowers slender. Petals riuid, bearded iuside. — Beyeriopsis cyanescem, Muell. Arg-. in D(J. Prod. xv.'ii. L!00. W. or S. Australia. " Iles Steriles" (Recberche Archipelago?), JfferJ. Mus. Par. {Mwil. Arg.). I liuve not seen this plaiit, arid am not surc which of the ishuids offtho soutli or \vi.st coast were provisionally designatcd under the ahove name, which appears never to have bccn pubiishcd. 9. B. lepidopetala, F. Muell. Fmr/m. i. 'J80. A viscid shrub of several teet, the branches sprinkled with a scabrous stelhite pul^escence. Leaves on very short petioles, oblong- or linear, ^ to 1 in. long-, rather thick, obtuse with revohite margins, g-hibrous abovc, white-tomentose underneath. Flowors monoecious, both males and females solitary on rather slender pedicels of ^ to ^ in., the female peiUcel as in most species thickening upwards after flowering". Male calyx-segments nearly orbicuhir, about | hne diameter, much imbricate. Petals short, broad, hairy inside, alternating- with 5 prominent disk-ghmds. Stamens numerous ; anther-cells short, distinct, each with a small terminal appendag'e. Female calyx-segments rather narrower and more rigid than in the males ; petals hirger and fringed but yet shorter than the calyx. Stig-ma broadly but distinctly 3-lobed. Capsule ovoid-globular, nearly 3 Hnes long-. — Be^eriopsis lepidopetula, MuelL Arg-. in DC. Prod. XV. ii. 200. TV. Australia. Murchison river, Oldjield. 10. B. similis, Baill. Adans. vi. 309. An erect shrub, with virgate branches, 1 to \\ ft. high, minutely viscid-pubescent or nearly g-labrous. Leaves sessile or nearly so, lineav, obtuse, with revohite marg-ins, mostly f to 1 in. long. Flowers monoecious, the males often 2 tog'erher in the axils on pedicels of about 1 Hne, tlie females sohtary on pedicels at first very short but leng-thening under the fruit to 5 or G lines. Male calyx-segments orbicular, very concave, almost saccate, about | hne long-. Petals shorter, with a short tuft of liairs inside at the base. Antlier-cells adnate to a connective deeply lobed in the outer ones, less so in the inner ones. Female calyx-seg-ments thicker than in the males, the petals small and irregular. Ovary vvith 2 ovate or horn-Iike ap- pendag-es on one side, wliich enlarg-es much after llowering-, throwing- the rather small peltate stif^ma quite obliquely to tlie other side. Capsule ovoid, oblique, 2| to 3 lines long-, usually 1-seeded on the horned side, the other cells remaining- unenlarged. — Beyeriopsis similis, Muell. Arg. in DC. Prod. xv. ii. 200. W. Australia. Between Moore and Murchison rivers, Drvmmond, 6th coll. n. 86. 11. B. brevifolia, Baill. Adans. vi. 309. A branching- heath-like shrub, glabrous but apparently viscid. Leaves linear, obtuse, with revolute margins, tapering- into a short petiole, | to i in. or rarely longer. Flowers monoecious, both males and females on slender ghabrous pedicels, often ^ in. long in the females, shorter in the males. Flowers of B. similis although iu one of the two males examined I could not ° f2 68 cviii. EUPH0RBIACEJ3. [Beyeria. find tlie petals, the ovary and capsule similarly oblique and one-seeded by abortion, but without the two horns or appendag-es of that s])ecies, andthe stig-ma larg-er and broadly conical. — Beyeriopsis brevifolia, Muell. Arg. in DC. Prod. xv. ii. 201. "MV. Australia. Towards Cape Riche, Drummond, 5th coll. n. 215. — The species very closely resembles both B. similis and B. Drummondii. 12. B. Drummondii, MncU. Arg. in Linncea, xxxiv. 58, and in DC. Prod. XV. ii. 201. An erect slender slightly viscid shrub of 2 to 3 ft., the branches often flattened. Leaves narrow-linear, with revolute margins, resembling those of the linear variety of B. opaca. Flowers smaller than in that species, apparently dioecious, both sexes on slender pedicels of about 1 line, lengthening under the fruit to 2 lines. Male calyx-segments 5 or sometimes only 4, 1 to 1;| lines long. Petals very small and ghibrous. Disk continuous, irregularly crenate-lobed. Anthers scarcely longer than broad, the cells quite distinct and attached in the centre only. Female calyx-segments rigid, scarcely 1 line long. Capsule globular or slightly ovoid, about \ in. long but variable in size. ■ — Calyptrostigma ledifolium, Klotzsch in Pl. Preiss. i. 176. W. Australia, Drummond, bth coll. n. 214, 220, and (Suppl.?) n. 13; MiJdle Mount Barren and Fitzgerald river, Uaxwell. Sect. 3. OxYGYNE. F. MucU. — Anthers of Beycriopis. Stigma deeply divided into 3 narrow lobes. Male flowers in a loose raceme. 13. B. tristigma, F. MncU. Fraf/m. vi. 181. A small viscid shrub, glabrous except the underside of the leaves. Leaves resembling those of the common Olive, oval-elliptical or oblong-lanceolate, tapering into a short petiole, the margins recurved or revolute, 1 to 1| in. long-. riowers monoecious, the males very small, few in a loose raceme of about 1 in. at the end of the branches, the pedicels 2 to 4 lines long-. Calyx-segments 5, not h line long, Petals three times as long, ovate, obtuse, fringed inside at the base with a tuft of hairs. Stamens very numerous on a hirsute convex or hemispherical receptacle ; anther-cells short, quite distinct. Female flowers on a pedicel of ^ in. or longer when in fruit, either solitary at the end of the branches or 1 or 2 at the base of the male raceme, smaller than the males at the time of flower- ing, but the calyx-segments enlargino- under the fi"uit to nearlj^ 1 line. Ovary capsule and seed of the genus, but the stigma divided to the base or nearly so into 3 narrow flat recurved lobes. Queensland. Hinchinbrook island, Rockingham Bay, DaUachy. The racemose male flowers, the petals much longer than the calyx, and the divided stigma or styie bring this species near to Ricinocarpus, but the stamens are entirely those oi Beyeria, and the stigmatic lobes are closely recurved as in tbat genus, to which on the whole it appears to be the nearest related. 8. mCINOCARPUS, Desf. (Rceperia, Spreng.) Flowers moncecious. Male fl. : Calj^x decply divided into 4 to G usually 5 lobes or segments. Petals as many as calyx-lobes aud usually Hicinocarpus.] cviii. EUPHORBiACEiE. G9 long-er, rnrely (ieficient. Glands as many as petals and alternating- witli them. Staniens niimerous, united in a central column without any rudimentary ovary ; fihiments shortly free ; anthers reilexed, with 2 parallel cells o])ening- outwards lony-itudinally in 2 valves. Feniale H. : Calyx and petals of the males, very dcciduous or rarely ])ersistent. Ovary 3-celled, with "I ovule in each cell. Styles 'A, shortly united at the base, deeply divided into 2 branches. Ca])sule separating- into 3 2-valved cocci. Seeds oblong-, smooth, caruncuhite. Embryo (where known) linear, straig-ht, the cotyledons long-er but scarcely broader than the radicle. — Slirubs either ghibrous or stelhite-tomentose. Leaves alternate, entire, linear oblony or lanceolate, the margins recurved or revolute, usually pale white or tomentose underneath, without stipules. Flowers sohtarv or clustered, or the males rarely racemose, terminal or rarely apparently axilhiry from the reduction of the llowering- branch, the females either alone or surrounded by or by the side of the male cluster or raceme. Pedicels usually subtended by small scale-like bracts, and often bearing- a pair of bracteoles. The genus is limited to Australia. Glabrous plants with linear leaves. Flowers solitary or clus- tered. — Species ail Western except R. plnifuUus. Bracteoles deciduous or none. Male caljx divided scarcely below the middle. Female calyx deciduous. Capsule more or less tuberculate or echinate. Capsule obtuse, as broad as long, densely muricate. Style-branches nearly terete, spreading or recurved. Eastern species 1. B. pinifolius. Capsule obtu.se, nearly twice as long as broad, slightly tubercuhite. Styles oi B.2>inifolius. — Western species 2. R.tuhercvlatus. Capsule acuminate, strongly tuberculate. 8tyle-branches liattened and incurved 3. i?. cyanescens. Female calyx persistent and much enlarged A. R. psilocladus. Bracteoles persistent. Male calyx divided nearly to the base, the female persisteut but not much enlarged. Capsule quite smooth 5. R. glaucus. Glabrous plant with lanceolate leaves. Glands stipitate, adnate to the calyx segments. — Doubtful Tasmanian species . . . 6. R. major. Branches and calyx tomentooe. Flowers solitary or clustered. — Eastern or Northern species. Leaves linear, the margins much revolute, under 1 in. long. Petals longer thau the calyx. Ovary muricate . . . , 7. R. Bowmanni. Leaves linear, the margins revolute, 1 to 24 in. long. Petals as long as the calyx. Ovary tomentose 8. R. ledifolius. Leaves linear, the margins much revolute, l^ to 3 in. long. Petals much shorterlhan the calyx. Ovary tomentose . 9. R. rosmarinifolius. Leaves lanceolate, flat, hoary on both sides, 14 to 3 in. long. Petals much shorter than the calyx. Ovary toraentose . 10. R. marginatus. Leaves narrow-oblong, 2 to 24 in. long, the margins somewhat revolute 11. R. speciosus. Male flowers several in a raceme. Branches and inflorescence tomentose. Petals longer than the calyx. Ovary densely hir.sute 12. i?. trichophorus. Branchcs and inflorescence glabrous, glutinous. Petals uone. Ovary glabrous. Styles shortly 2-lobed 13. R. muricatus. 70 cviiT. EUPHOnBiACEJE. [liidnocarpus. 1. R. pinifolius, Dcsf. in Mem. Miis. Par. iii. 459, t, 22, An erect glabrous slirub of 2 to 3 ft. Leaves rather crowded, linear, mucronate or ahiio.--t obtuse, with the margins revolute to the midrib, | to l^ in. long", contracted into a short petiole, Flowers in a terminal chister, usuall}' 1 female with 3 to 6 males, but sometimes either the female or the males deficient, the pedicels 1- to | in, long* said to bear a pair of bracteoles above the middle, butso deciduous that I have but very rarely seen any traces of them even when the bud is young-, each pedicel em- braced at the base to the subtending- bract. JMale calyx li^ to 2 lines long-, divided to the middle or rather hivver into 4 to (j lobes, Petals wliite, usually about l in, long-, Female calyx more deeply divided and falHng- away very early. Capsule nearly g-lobuhir, very obtuse, densely muricate, about h in. lonti-, — Muelh Arg-, in DC, Prod, xv, ii, 205 ; Baill Etud. Euph, t, 12, ft 39 to 44, and Adans, vi, 294 ; Hook, f. Fl. Tasm. i. 338 ; Endl. IconogT, t. 124 ; Eoeperia finifuVm., Spreng'. Syst. iii. 147 ; Echinosphcera rosmarinoides, Sieb. PL Exs. ; Meinocurpiis sidceformis, F. Muell. in several Herb., quoted by BailL Etud, Euph, 344 as R. sidtefolius. Queensland, Moreton island, A. Cunningham, M'Gillivray, F. Jlueller. N. S, ■^Vales. Port .Icacksoii, H. Brown, tSiebcr, n 293, Woolls, and otLers ; Cur- rejong, Blue Mountains, M-ns Atldnson ; nortbwaid to Richmond and Clarence river.-;, Menderson ; southward to llhiwarra, ^4. Ciinningham. Victoria, , Port Philip and MvWjoinne, Gunn, Adamson, F. 3Ineller, &ni others ; "Wiison^s Promontory and Brigliton to Cape Howe, F. Mueller and others. Tasmania. Abundant on sandhills near the sea on the north coast, Gunn and others. 2. R, tuberculatus, Mmll. Arg. in Linneea, xxxiv. 60, and in DC. Frod. XV. ii. 205. An erect glabrous shrub closely resembling- R. glancus in foliag"e, but evidently taller and more robust and raore nearly aUied to B. pinifolius. Leaves linear, with much revohite marg'ins, usually i to 1 in. long". Male Howers often 6 or more tog-ether in ter- minal chisters with usually one female. Male pedicels -g^ to 1 in. long-, Avithout bracteoles at the time of flowering'. Calyx about l^ lines long-, divided to tlie middle or scarcely lower into 5 lobes. Petals more than twice as long-. Female pedicels shorter than the males, the calyx more deeply divided and falling- away very early. Capsule about J in. long-, nearlj twice as long as broad, obtuse, obscurely tuberculate. \ir. Australia. Lucliy Bay, B. Brown, Drummond, Ath coll. n. 84. 3. R. cyanescens, 3fuell. Arg. in Linnoia, xxxiv. GO, ond in DC. Prod. XV. ii. 205. An erect glabrous much-branched shrub of 4 to 10 ft., the foliag-e assuming- often a bluish tint in the dried state. Leaves linear, from under \ to near 1 in. long;, ratlier thick, more spreading- and the margins much less revolute than in li. gluucus and R. tuherculatns. Flowers often solitary, the males sometimes 2 to 4 tog-ether ; pedicels rather long^er than the leaves, without bracteoles at the time of tiower- ing", Cah^x scarceiy \h lines long-, divided to about the middle, Petals nearly -^ in, long-, villous inside atthe base, Glands g-Iabrous. Female calyx rather larg-er than the male and more deeply divided, falling* away Ricimcarpus.] cviii. kupiiorbiace^. 71 very early. Ovary contracted at the top into a very sliort neck, crownod by tlie deoply tlivideil styles, whicli are somewhat tiattenod, spreaiUng froni the base and tlien incurved, Capsule ^ in. long- und nearly as broad, acuminate, tubercuiate. ^V. Australia, Drummond, 4th coll 86 inpart, and Suppl.n. 15; sandy placea along tlie coast fVom Esperance Bay to Cape Paisloy and Port Jlalcolm, Maxwell. _ Tliis specics is united \v\i\x R. (ilaucushy Baillon, Adans. vi. 295; but besides the difierent tbliage and the absence of bracteolcs, the calyx and abovc all the ovary styles and capsule aro very diflerent. 4. R. psilocladus, Bnith. A g-labrous or scabrous shrub, resembling some fornis of R. //laucus, but more rigid, the branches somewhat flexuose. Leaves linear, with much revohite margins, f to 1-g- in. long-. Flowers solitary or the males 12 together terminating leafy branches, on pedicels of 3 to 4 lines without bracts at the time of llowering'. Male calyx fully 0 lines long-, divided to about the middle into 5 lobes. Petals twace as long. Female liower not seen, but the persistent fruiting' calyx evidently enlarged with coriaceous lobes nearly 4 lines long. Capsule not seen except the persistent axis which is about the length of the calyx. — Bcrti/a The genus is spreail over the tropical and subtropical regiona of the Old World.. Among the Australian spccics two only are recognised as identical with widely dia- persed Asiatic species, the remaining five herc described, as weil as two or three in- sufliciently known, may be cndemic in Australia, but tiio characters by which the species arc distinguished in this diificult gonus are as yet very uncertaiu and for tha most part niinute. Flowers inside, glands and riidimentary ovary in the malea, ovary in tlie females, pnbcscent or liirsnte. Spikes pauicubite. Female Howers nearly sessile. rerianth-segments ovate acute. Leaves rounded at the end 1. .4. Ghcesemhilla. Female Howers pedicellate. Perianth-segments very broad and obtuse. Leaves otteii obtuseiy acuminate . . . .2.-4. Dallachyanum. Flowers in tlie interior perfectly glabrous. Spikes or racemes mostly panicuiate. Flowers nearly sessile 3. A. Bunius. Spikes or racemes mostly simple. Female flowers pedicellate. Leaves i to 1 in. long, ovate or obovate. Spikes ^ to 1 in. Perianth-segmeuts broad. Fruit small A. A. parvifolium. Leaves ovate or elliptical, 1 to 2 inches long. Female perianth-segments narrow-lauceolate. Fruit small . . b. A. Schultzii. Leaves oblong-lanceolate or elliptical, 2 to 4 in. long. Feraale perianth shortly and broadly 4-l.obed. Fruit small, black 6. A. erostre. Leaves oblong or elliptii.-a!, mostly sinuate, 2 to 4 in. long. Female perianth shortly and broadly 4-Iobed. Fruit rather large 7. A. sinuatum. 1. A. Ghsesembilla, Gartn. Fruct. i. 189, t. 39. A shrub or small tree, the youiig- branclies foliag'e and intlorescence more or less pu- bescent or tomentose, the full-gTown leaves often g-labrous, Leaves on very short petioles, broadly ovate obovate or nearly orbicular, very obtuse, rounded or contracted at ,the base, rather thin, but often shining- above, 1| to 2 or rarely 3 in. long*. Male spikes dense in most Indian specimens less so in the Australian ones, 1 to 2 in. loai^', the females shorter and looser, both solitary or more frequently several in a terminal panicle. Male Howers sessile or nearly so ; perianth deeply divided into 5 or rarely 4 ovate ciUate segments not ^ Hne long. Stamens varying- from 3 to 6, the filaments at least 1 liue long-. Glands broad, hirsute. Female Howers on very short thick pedicels. Ovary when young- pubescent or hirsute, but usually becoming- giabrous as it enhtrg-es. Styles short, united at the base, spreading- upwards, shortly 2-lobed. Drupes ''purple," not above 3 lineslong, usually obliquely ovoid and 1-seeded, but said to be occasionally didymous and 2-seeded. — Muell. Arg-. in DC. Prod. xv. ii. 251 ; A. paniailatum, Roxb. ; Wig-ht Ic, t, 820, and other synonyms adduced by Muell, Arg*. l,c, N. Australia, Careening Bay, N.W. coast, ^l. Cunningliam ; Point Pearce, Vic- toria and Fitzmaurice vwers, F. Maeller ; Port Darwin, Sclmltz, n. 694, 748. — This specics is widely diffused over East India and the Archipelago from Ceylon to S. China. 2. A. Dallachyanum, Baill. Adana. vi. 337. A shrub or small tree, closely allied to A. Gha-scnihilla, the young- shoots rather less pubescent and the adult foliag-e often almost giabrous. Leaves from ovate to lanceolate-elliptical, obtuse or shortly and obtusely acuminate, 2 to 4 in. long- on petioles of 2 to 4 lines. Mtde spikes pubescent, mostly paniculate, but sometimes solitary, more slender than in A. Gluesembilla 86 cviii. EUPHORBiACEiE. [Antidesma. and more or less interrupted. Perianths sessile, deeply divided into 4 or 5 broad concave hirsute segments | line long-. Stamens 3 to 5, usually 4. Rudimentary ovary rather large, hirsute as well as the flands. Female llower racemose, the pedicels J to 1 line long. 'erianth-segments very broad, ciliate and hirsute as well as the g-lands and ovary. Styles broad, 2-lobed. Fruit obovoid " white and acid," twice as large as in A. GhiBsembilla. Queensland. Rockingham Bay, Dallachy. N. Australia ? Some male specimens from Port Essington, Armstrong, appear to belong to this species, but with smaller leaves. 3. A. Bunius, Spreng. ; Mtiell. Arg. in DC. Prod. xv. ii. 262. A tree, usually quite glabrous. Leaves oblong, obtuse, acute or shortly acu- minate, 4 to 5 in. long or sometimes more, somewhat coriaceous and shining, on petioles of 3 or 4 lines. Male spikes slender, interrupted, 4 to G in. long. Stamens usually 3 or 4. Female racemes much shorter, with the Howers nearly sessile. Fruits about 3 hnes long, on pedicels of 1 to l^ lines long.— Wight Ic. t. 819. Queensland. Rockingham Bay, Dallachy. — The species extends over the Indian Archipelago to the Philippines and South China. The AustraUan specimens aie im- periect, but appear to beloiig to it. There are also among I)allachy's Rockingham Bay collections two other species or varieties o{'j4n. P. ochrophyllus^ Male flower unknown. Leaves ovate, short, rigid. Bracchesnearly terete, hoary-tomentose 9. P. rigidulus. Male perianth-segments ovate. Erect much-branched almost leafless undershrub 10. P. ramosissimus. Male perianth-segments small, spreading. Stems short, leafy. Stipules very spreading. Anthers short, round the dilated summit of the column . . . il. P. rhytidospermus. Erect branching shrubs. Anthers oblong, occupying nearly the whole column. Leaves petiolate, thin. Pedicels filiform 12. P. alhiflorus. Leaves almost sessile, coriaceous. Pedicels very short. Leaves obovate-orbicular, glabrous, 3 to 4 Hnes long . 13. P. crassifolivs. Leaves ovate or oblong, hoary, 1 to 3 lines long . . 14. P. elachophyllus. Sect. 3. Kirganelia. — Shrubs, often large. Leaves distichous, usually petiolate. Stamens 5, the flamcnts usually connate at the hase. Glands ^Jresent. Ovary and capsule 3- or more-celled. usually fleshy or succulent. Styles distinct or connate at the base, short in the Australian species. Leaves obovate-oblong. Flowers on filiform pedicels of 2 to 3 hnes. Capsule globular, 3 lines diameter 15. P. Novce-HoUandicB. Leaves ovate or orbicuhir. Capsule depressed-globular, about 2 lines diameter. Styles exceedingiy short. Pedicels filiform, under 2 lines, but mostly longer than the perianth 16. P. reticulatus. Pedicels mostly shorter than the perianth 17. P.haccatus. Sect. 4. Paraphyllanthus. — Shruhs or herhs of varied hahit. Stamens 3, the filamentsfree or more or less united. Anthers free, the cells parallel, opening longitu- dinally. Glands present. Ovary i-celled. Stylesfree. Capsule dry. * Filaments more or less uniled. Leaves narrow-oblong or linear-lanceolate. Annuals or perennials with virgate branches and disti- chous leaves. Flowers nearly sessile. Capsule tuberculate . . . . 1 8. P. Urinaria. Pedicels 1 to 3 lines long. Ovary tubercuiate. Capsule smooth 19. P. trachygyne. Flowers nearly sessile. Ovary and capsule smooth . . 20. P. maderaspatanus. Erectbushy shrub. Leaves rigid, under ^ in. long. Flowers nearly sessile 21. P. Mitchelli. Leaves obovate-oblong. Pedicels filiform, 2 to 4 lines long. Perianth scarcely enlarged under the fruit 22. P. Gasstrcemii. Fruiting perianth much enlarged, as long as the capsule . 23. P. Dallachyanus. (See also 29. P. grandisepalus, which has the filaments sometimes united at the base.) Fki/llanthtis.] cviii. euphorbiace^. 95 ** Filaments free. f Fruiting perianth mmh cnlarged, usualhj as long as or longer than the capsule. Leaves ovate or lanceolate, acuto 24. P. subcrenulatus. Leaves obovate or oblong, obtuse or mucronate. Male pedicels filiibrm, 2 to 4 lines long. Western species 25. P. culycinus. Male pedicels 1 liue long or less. Eastem or Northem species. Capsule glabrous. Glabrous or glaucous plant. Stems decumbent from a woody base 26. P.jlagellaris. Glabrous plant not glaucous. Shrubby with elongated slender branches. Seeds smoolh 27. P. similis. Glabrous. Branchlets very numerous, ^ in. long , . 28. P. microcladus. Glabrous or glaucous. Shrubby and branched. Seeds striate _ 29. P. grandisepalus. Minutely hoarj-tomentose. Fmiting perianth less enlarged 30. P. Carpentarioe. (See also 23. P. Dallachyanus, in which the filaments are sometimes almost free.) Capsule pubescent or hairy. Hoary-tomentose plant, shrubby and branched. Cap- sule pubescent 31. P. Fuernrohrii. Tomentose or villous plant, shrubby and branched. Capsule sprinkled with hairs 32. P. hebecarpus. +t Fruiting perianth shorter than the capsule. Low difiuse annuals. Leaves oblong, obtuse. Stipules miuute. Capsule depressed-globular, scarcely 2 lines diameter 33. P. locunarius. Stipules spreading. Capsule globular, 3 lines diameter . 34. P. trachyspermus. Undershrubs or shrubs. Leaves small, coriaceous, not dis- tichous. Fruits almost sessile. Low diffuse glabrous undershrub 35. P. australis. Erect shrub, with virgate branches more or less pubescent. Eastem species 36. P. thymoides. Erect bushy glabrous shrub. Western species . . . . 37. P. scaber. Shrubs with the leaves distichous on the young branches. Leaves small, coriaceous, rigid. Pedicels very short. Leaves ovate, about 2 lines long, hoary as weli as the perianth 38. P. indigoferoides. Leaves oblong, about 3 Hnes long, glabrous as well as the perianth 39. P. aridus. Leaves about 4 in. long, membranous. Fruiting pedicels filiform, 3 to 6 lines long 40. P. Gunnii. (See also 29. P. grandisepalus and 30. P. Carpentarice, in which_ tho perianth is Bometimes less enlarged.) Sect. 5. Euphyllanthus. — Trees shruhs or herbs ofvaried habit. Leaves usually di^tichov^. Stamens 3, the filaments free or more or less united; anthers free, the cells short, more or less dicerging or opening tramversely, and often separated by a broad connective. Glands present. Ovary 3-celled. /Styles free. Capsule dry. Flowers usualhj minute. (P. Xiruri, Liun., a common tropical weed belonging to this section, has not yet been observed in Australia.) Stems annual or from a perennial base, slightly branched, rather rigid, 4 to 1 ft. high. Leaves oblong 41. P. simplex. 96 CVIII. EUPHORBIACE^. [Phyllanthus. Stems from a woody base, numerous, fiHform, under 6 in. Leaves obovate or orliicular 42. P.filicaulis. Stems annual, filiform, brancbing, 4 to l^ ft. long. Flowers very miiiute 43. P. minvtifiorus. Sect. 6. Reidia. — Trees or ■thrtihs with distichom leaves. Male perionth of 4 seg- ments. Stamens 2, the filaments united in n central column, anthers icith separate parallel cells having the appearance of 4-celled anthers. Female perianth of 4to Q segments. Styles 3. Brancblets witb disticbous leaves, several at tbe ends of tbe branches witb tbe appearance of pinnate leaves .... 44. P. Armstrongii. Sect. 1. Glochidion. — Trees or sLrubs, tlie leaves often larg-e. Stamens 3 or 4 (or in species not Australian more), tbe antbers erect and sessile on a central column, free or m.ore or less connate, tbe cells parallel, witb tbe connective projecting- beyond tbem. Ovary 3- or more-celled. Styles sbort, tbick, erect, often connate at tbe base. No glands or disk in eitber sex. — Genus Glocbidion, Forst., Bradleia, Gcertn. Tbe species of tbis section are numerous in tropical Asia and Africa, and cxceed- ingly difficult to cbaracterize well from dried specimens, and it is very possible tbat some of tbe forms enumerated below may prove identical witb some of tbose from tbe Arcbipelago, altbougb I bave been xmable to matcb tbem precistly witli any of our specimeus. 1. P. Perdinandi, Mudl. Arr/. in Flora 18G5, 379, and in DC. Prod. XV. ii. 300. A small tree quite gdabrous in tbe typical form except tbe ovary. Leaves sbortly petiolate, elliptical or ovate-lanceolate, more or less acuminate, often obliquely contracted at tbe base, usually some- wbat coriaceous and sbining" on tbe upper side, 2 to 4 in. long". Flower- clusters in tbe typical form sessile in tbe axils, tbe pedicels 2 to 3 lines long. Male periantb-seg-ments nearly 2 lines long- in tbe few specimens wbere I bave seen it full}' out, but usually mucb smaller. Antbers 3 or rarely 4, linear, erect on a very sbort central column, witb tbe con- nective very sbortly produced above tbe parallel cells. No glands witbin tbe periantb in eitber sex. Female periantb smaller tban in tbe male, witb narrower segments. Ovary pubescent, scarcely contracted into 5 to 7 sbort erect tbick more or less united styles. Capsules g-labrous or nearly so, orbicular, 5- to 7-celled, and mucb depressed in tbe centre in tbe typical form, slig-btly furrowed between tbe cells, about I in. diameter wben fully ripe. N. Australia. Islands of tbe Gulf of Carpentaria, i?. jSrowM. Queensland. Eockingbam Bay, W. Hdl, Dallachy ; Fitzroy island, JU' Gillivray ; Wide Bay, P. Moore. N. S. '^Vales. Port Jackson, R. Brown and otbers. Tbe following forms may possibly prove to be distinct species : — Var. ? minor. Leaves smaller. Pedicels shorter. Styles longer and more slender. — Bremer river, A. Cunningham; New England, C. Stuart. Var. ? supra-axiUaris. Leaves of the typical form or larger and more coriaceous. Flower-clusters very shortly peduncubite and inserted sbortly above tbe axils. Capsule 4- to Gcelled, not niore tban 4 lines diameter and less depressed in tbe centre, quite gbibrous in most specimens, but pubesccnt in a few. — Kockingbam Bay, Dallackij ; Rockhampton, Tkozet, 0'Shanesy. Phyllanthus.'] cviii. euphorbiace^, 97 Var. ? vioUis. Branches, foliage, aiid flowers softly piibesceiit. Anther-column very sbort. — Rockiiigham Bay, Diilldchy. A sub-variety from the same locality has the leaves narrow aiul not 2 iii. loiig. *3. P. lobocarpus, Bcnth. A small tree, tlie young- Lranclies minutcly pubescent. Leaves shortly pctiolute, oblony-lanceolate or elliptical, obtuse or almost acute, usually oblique at the base, 2 to 3 in. long-, g-reen above, very pale or white uuderneath and rathcr thin. Stipules very small. Flowers dicvcious, the malcs '2 or 3 togcther, on recurved pedicels of about 1 line, the females solitary, on pedicels leng-thening to '2 lines. Male perianth-seg-ments about | line long-, obtuse and con- cave, the 3 inner ones rather long-er than the 3 outer. Anth^rs 3, erect and connivent on a very short column, the cells parallel, with the con- noctive much produced beyond them. No g-hinds within the perianth in either sex. Female perianth rather smaller than the male, and slightly pubescent. Ovary depressed, almost 3-partite, the carpels deeply S-lobed. Styles 3, short and thick, erect in the central dcpres- sion, stigmatic inside. Capsule about 4 lines diaraeter, niuch depressed, more or less deeply divided into 6 or fewer lobes according 1:0 the number of seeds perfected. Seeds " orange-red when ripe," but not quite ripe in the specimens seen. Queensland. Rockhampton, 0' Shanesi/ ; Nerkool Creek, Bowman. Sect. 2. Synostemon. — Undershrubs shrubs or perennial herbs. Leaves usually small. Stamens 3, the anthers adnate to a central column, with parallel cells opening" longitudinally. Ovary 3-celled, Styles distinct or connate at the base, usually spreading-. No giands or disk in either sex. » The section is limited to Australia. 3. P. ditassoides, Mnell. Ar(j. in Flora 1864, 487, and in DC. Prod. XV. ii. 326. An undershrub with a short thick wood}' base and wiry slightly branched ascending- stems of ^ to 1 ft., somewliat anguhir, giaucous, sprinkled with a few short hairs as well as the foliage which turns blackish in drying-. Leaves sessile, cordate-ovate or alraost orbicular, obtuse or almost acute, coriaceous, -| to 1 in. long", the upper ones gradually smaller ovate-lanceohite or lanceolate. Flowers accord- ing- to Mueller Arg-. monoecious, in our specimens dioccious, the males soHtary, or 2 or 3 tog-ether on pedicels of 2 to 3 lines. Perianth- segments narrow, erect, about H lines long-. Anthers connate and twice as long- as the cohimn below. Female flowers soUtary, on very short pedicels. Perianth-seg-ments broader than in the males and spreading-. Ovary depressed, 3-celled, pubescent. Styles diverging from the base, thick, 2-lobed. Capsule not seen. N. Australia. South Goulbnrn islanil, A. Cunningham; Port Essington, Arm- strong. 4. P. Adami, Muell. Arg. in DC. Prod. xv. ii. 327 (? ). Stems from a thick woody base, ascending- or erect, simple or branched, from a few inches to above 1 ft. hig-h, more or less angular, glaucous as well as the VOL. VI. H 98 cviii. EUPHORBIACE^. [Phyllanthus . foliaffe. Leaves linear, acute or obtuse, rigid, rather thick, J to 1 in. lono-. Flowers dioecious, tlie males few tog^ether, ahnost sessile. Perianth-segments narrow, erect, about \ hne long-. Anthers connate, about twice as loug; as the column below. Female flowers on pedicels of 1 to 2 hnes. Perianth-seg-ments spreading-, at flrst of the size of the males, but g-rowing- out to above 2 hnes. Styles thick but rather long and bifid. Capsule ovoid, almost acute, g-labrous and g-laucous, 3-celled. — Synostcmmi ylaucus, F. Muelh Frag-m. . i. 33 ; Phyllanthus bossioeoides, A. Cunn. Herb. ; P. stcnocladus, MuelL Arg. in Flora 1864, 636, and in DC. Prod. XV. ii. 327 ( $ ). N. Australia. Port Keats, N.W. coast, A. Cunningham ; M'Adam range, Point Peai-ce, Providence hill, F. Mueller ; Port Darwin, /Schultz, n. 460 ; Port Essiiigton, Arimtrong. 5. P. thesioides, Bcnth. Probably herbaceous, quite glabrous, the stems slender but rigid, much branched, erect or ascending-, the speci- mens seen 4 to 8 in. long'. Leaves hnear hnear-cuneate or the lower ones oblong--spathulate, obtuse, rather thick, flat or with recurved margins, 2 to near 6 lines long-. Flowers apparently dioecious, solitaiy on pedicels of 1 to 1| lines. Male perianth tubular, 2 lines long-, narrow, slig-htly dilated upwards, with 6 very short broad thick rounded and inilexed lobes, the 2 or 3 inner ones still smaller than the outer ones. Anthers connate, occupying- rather more tlian half the length of the staminal column, the connective scarcel}' projecting- beyond the cells. Female llowers much smaller, the perianth-segments short and spreading-. No disk. Ovary giabrous, 3-celled, with 3 short thick free styles, spreading- at the end but not lobed. Queensland. Near Brisbane, but vcry local, C. Prcntice (female specimen). N. S. 'Wales. Lachlan river, L. Moreton (male specimen). I describe this from two single specimens, which, though of different sexes and from difierent stations, appear to me to belong to one species, allied to P. Adami, but dif- ferent as well in foliage as in the male perianth and the female styles. The characters will have, however, to be verified from further specimens. 6. P. hirtellus, Muell. Arg. in DC. Prod. xv. ii. 326. Apparently herbaceous, or perhaps an undershrub, the stems in the specimens seen not above 6 in. long', slender, minutely pubescent as well as the foliag-e. Leaves distichous but rather distant, linear or oblong-, mostly somewhat cuneate, 5 to | in. long. Stipules very minute. Flowers mostly solitary, the males on pedicels of 1 to \\ lines. Perianth tubular, nearly 2 lines long-, narrow, sligiitly dilated upwards, with 6 broad lobes not g as long- as the tube, 2 of the inner ones smaller than the others. Anthers connate, occupying- about half the leng-th of the staminal column, the connective very sligiitly projecting- beyond the cells. Female llowers on pedicels of 1 to 2 lines or sometimes 3 lines when in fruit. Perianth divided to the base into ovate very obtuse seg-ments of nearly | line. Styles united at the base, shortly free, broad and spreading- at the top. Capsule ovoid, pubescent, 4 or 6 lines long. — Synostemon hirtcllus, F. Muell. Frag-m. iii. 89. Queensland. Rockhampton, Connors river, Walloon, Povjman. Phyllanthus.] cviii. euphorbiaceje. 99 7, P. rigens, Mvell. Arg. in Flara 1864, 513, and in DC. Prod. xv. ii. 325. Probably a small shrub, with rigid terete branches quite f^'labrous and perhaps spinescent. Leaves very small, clustered at the nodes, obcordate or cuneate and emaro-inate, rather thick, 1 to 3 lines lon"-. Male tlowers "sessile. Perianth-sei^-ments connate high up, ovate, ob- tuse; anthers connate, with the connective projecting boyond the cells" {F. Miuilcr). Female flowers on slender pedicels much long-er than the leaves. Perianth-se<;-ments linear, rig-id, rather above 1 line lonf. Ovary g-labrous, contracted at tlae top, Styles 3, very short, spreading-, rather broad, entire or notclied. Capsule g-labrous, 3 to 4 lines lono*. — Si/nostfnwii rigens, F. Muell. Frag^m. ii. 153. N. S. Wales. Upper Darling river, Bowman; Mutanic range, Beckler; both single small specimens in an iniperfect state in Herb. F. Mueller, but very different from any other species known to me, although with something of the habit of P. thymoides. 8. P. ochrophyllus, Bcnth. Stems from a woody base, ascending or erect, under 1 ft. hig-h, the branches angular or flattened, hoary or g-laucous as well as the foliage, but scarcely tomentose. Leaves almost sessile, ovate or obovate, acute or obtuse, i to | in. long-. Flowers apparently dioecious, both sexes solitary in the axils, pendulous, on pedicels at first of about 1 line, but in the females growin^ out to about 2 lines. Perianth narrow, the seg-ments erect, nearly 2 liues long-. No g-Iands. Anthers 3, erect, more or less connate, twice as long- as the column below, tipped with the small projecting- connectives. Female perianth rather smaller than the male, but enlarged after ilowering-. Styles 3, erect, connivent or more or less connate, shortly divided at the end. Capsule g-lobular, 4 to 5 lines diameter. Seeds smooth, at least when unripe. N. Australia. Port Darwin, Sckultz, n. 428 (males) and 489 (females). 9. P. rigidTilus, F. Muell. ; Muell. Arg. in Linn(sa xxxiv. 72, and in DC. Prod. XV. ii. 370. Stems erect, rigid, 1 to 2 ft. hig-h, hard and woody at the base, with virg-ate branches, hoary as well as the foliag-e with a minute tomentum. Leaves almost sessile, ovate or broadly oblong, mucronate-acute or the lower ones broader and obtuse, rather rig-id, under i in. long-. Stipules small, brown. Flowers solitary, almost sessile, all females in our specimens. Perianth cylindrical, IJ lines long-, tomentose outside, divided nearly to the base into narrow rig'id segments. No gland or disk. Ovary tomentose. Styles erect, connivent and more or less connate, shortly 2-lobed at the end. Capsule (which I have not seen) globular, ashy-tomentose. (Muell. Arg.) N. Australia. Gulf of Carpentaria, F. Mueller. 10. P. ramosissimus, Muell. Arg. in Linncea xxxiv. 70, and in DC. Prod. XV. ii. 32(3. A slender wiry rigid much-branched undershrub of about 1 ft., leafless or nearly so at the time of flowering. Leaves few and only on the very young- branches, linear, thick, almost terete, 2 to 4 lines long. Stipules small but persistent. Male flowers sessile h2 ■tQQ cviii. EUPHORBlACEiE. [Phi/llanthus. or nearly so, but not yet fully out in tlie specimens. Perianth-segTnents ovate, about i line long. No giands. Anthers 3, connate, occupyin^ nearlv the whole of the cohunn. Female flowers on pedicels varying- from 2 to 6 lines, solitary or 2 tog-ether. Perianth narrow, about 1 Hne lon«>-. Ovary giabrous. Styles free, thick, dilated and shortly 2-lobed at i^e end. Capsule ovoid, 3-celled, 3 to 4 lines long-. — SDnostcmon ramosisshnm, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 33. Queensland. Mackenzie range, F. MuelUr. N. S. Wales. Between tbe Darling river and Cooper's Creek, BecJder. 11. p. rhjrtidospermus, F. Mnell. ; Mvell. Arg. in Liimcea xxxiv. 70, and in BC. Frod. xv. ii. 327. Stems from a woody base, decumbent or ascending-, 6 to 8 in. hig'h, the branches angular, giabrous and giaucous as well as the foliage. Leaves sessile, somewhat distichous, oblong- or broadly Hnear, acute or mucronulate, 3 to 5 lines long-. Stipules per- sistent, subulate and conspicuously spreading-, often 1 line long-. Flowers monoecious, very small, nearly sessile. Male perianth-seg-ments ovate, spreading-, petal-like, about l hne long-. No giands. Staminal column very short, anthers 3, very short, adnate round the dilated end and pro- jecting- shgiitly above it, forming- a disk of J line diameter. Female perianth-seg-ments Hnear or lanceohite, acute, rather rigid, 1 Hne long-. Ovary giabrous. Styles short, erect or scarcely spreading- at the top, verv shortly lobed. Capsule ^-ceHed, ovoid, giabrous, about 3 Hnes long'. N. Australia. Depot Creek, Upper Victoria river, F. Jlueller. 12. P. albiflorus, F. Mnell. ; Muell. Arg. in Linncea xxxiv. 70, and in DC. Prod. XV. ii. 326. A much-branched giabrous shrub, varying- from 3 or 4 ft. to twice that height, the branches terete or sHghtly angular, the smaHer ones slender but rigid. Leaves obovate-oblong- to narrow- cuneate, very obtuse, sometimes mucronulate, contracted into a very shortpetiole, membranous, giaucous underneath, rarely above Jin. long. Stipules small, brown. Flowers soHtary, on fiHform pedicels of 4 to 5 lines, surrounded by smaU brown scale-Hke bracts, the female pedicels sometimes much long-er. Perianth-seg-ments nearly equal, ovate, rather above 1 Hne long-. No giands. Anthers 3, connate, occupying- nearly the whole of the central coHmm. Ovary giobular, 3- or sometimes 4-ceHed, giabrous. Styles distinct, recurved, cuneate and emarginate at the end. Capsule depressed-giobular, nearly 4 Hnes diameter. Queensland. Rrisbane river, Moreton Bay, F. Muelle.r, C. Stuart ; Rockliampton, Dallachy and several others. 13. P, crassifolius, Miiell. Arg. in Flora 1864, 513, and in BC. Prod. XV. ii. 325. A rigid giabrous divaricately branched shrub, sometimes low and spreading, but sometimes attaining 3 or 4 ft. Leaves distichous, obovate or orbicular, rigidly coriaceous, scabrous-puncticulate, 3 to 4 Hnes long, all tipped in our specimens with a black gland. Stipules smaU and giand-Hke. Flowers very smaH, few in the axils, on very short pedicels, surrounded by smaU broad bhick bracts. Male perianth- segments ovate, about f Hne Ipng, the inner 3 rather longer than the PhyUantllus.] CVIII. EUPHORBIACEiE. 101 outer ones. No g-lands. Anthers 3, connate, occupying* nearly the whole of the central column, the connectives shortly produced beyond the cells. Female perianth-segments about 1 line h)ny, the outer ones thick and scabrous outside. Ovary glabrous. Styles 3, erect or in- curved, deeply bifid. Capsule not seen. W. Australia. Sharks Bay, Milne; j\Iurcliison river, Oldfiild. — Tlie original spcciinens exaniined bv Mnelier Arg. were j\Iilne's. OklfieWs Jlurciiison river ones, which have nunierous lcniale liowers, were only seen by him after liis character was drawn up. 14. P. elachophyllus, F. Muell. Hcrh. A bushy shrub, with numerous rig-id branclilets, hoary as well as the foliaye with a mitiute ahnost papillose pubescence. Leaves distichous, ovate or oblon»", rig-idly coriaceous, 1 to 3 lines long-. Stipules almost gland-Iike. Male Howers very small, few in the axil, on exceeding-Iy short pedicels. Perianth-seg-ments ovate, rather thick, about \ line long. No g-Iands. Anthers 3, very short, connate in a ring* round the dilated apex of the column as in P. trachyspermus. Female perianth-seg'ments narrovv, fully f line long- under the fruit. Styles short, erect, distinct, very shortiy bitid. Capsule 3-ceIled, g'Iobular, g-Iabrous, 3 lines diameter. Queensland. Newcastle range, F. Mueller ; Einasleigh river, Daintree. Sect. 3. KiRGANELiA. — Shrubs, often larg-e. Leaves distichous. Stamens 5, the filaaients usually connate at the base. Glands present, ovary and capsule 3- or more-celled, usually fieshy or succulent. Styles distinct or connate at the base. 15. P. Novse-HoUandiae, Mucll. Arg. in DC. Prod. xv. ii. 346. A small spreading" lilabrous shrub. Leaves distichous, petiolate, oblong-- obovate, very obtuse, often acute at the base, membranous, 4 to 8 lines long-. Flowers probably dioecious, the males in clusters of 2 to 4, on filiform pedicels of 2 to 3 lines, the females solitary, with thicker pedicels. Male perianth-seg-ments 5, broad, obtuse, petal-Iike, about 1 line long-. Glands distinct. Stamens 5, the 3 inner filaments connate, the 2 outer free or nearly so ; anthers quite distinct, the cells parallel. Female tiowers none in our specimens. Ovary according to Mueller Arg-. 5-celIed. Styles 5, bifid and recurved. Capsule somewhatileshy, g-lobular, 2 lines diameter. — P. uheriflorus, Baill. Adans. vi. 343. Queensland. Port Denison. Edgecombe Bay, Dallachy. 16. P. reticulatus, Poir. var. g-laber, Muell. Ary. in DC. Prod. xv. ii. 345. A shrub of several feet, quite glabrous (the typical Asiatic form slightly pubescent), the branches slender. Leaves distichous, petiolate, ovate-obovate or orbicular, very obtuse or rarely almost acute, mostly under 1 in. long-. Flowers small, in axillary clusters usually of 3 or 4 males and a single female, all on filiform peilicels rarely exceeding- 2 lines. Male perianth-segments 5, broad, very obtuse, h Hne long- or 1 or 2 outer ones shorter. Stamens usually 5, the 2 or 3 inner ones witli their filaments more or less united, the outer ones free or nearly so. Glands present but variable, sometimes scarcely conspicuous. Female 102 CVIII. EUPHORBIACEJE. [PhijllanthuS. perianth rather larg-er than the male. Ovary usually with about 8 cells, Dut varyino- from 6 to 12. Capsule depressed-globular, succulent whcn youn"- but at length nearly dry and furrowed between the seeds, about 2 lines diameter. — Anisonema efjlandulosim, Dcne. Herb. Tim. Descr. 154, and other synonyms given by Muell. Arg. N. Australia.? I have not seen any Australian specimens, but the plant is given as Australian by Mueller Arg. on the faith of a specimen in Herb. Franqueville, said to be from Tasmania, Expedition ofthe Astrolahe. The special localities, however, of the Australian plants of the earl.v Expeditions are often falsely noted in French herbaria, and if really Australian the specimen in question was most probably from the iiorth coast opposite Timor. The above description is therefore taken chiefly from A. Cuu- ningham's specimens gathered at Coepang in Timor. 17. P. baccatus, F. 3Iuell. HerT). A large spreading or diffuse glabrous shrub. Leaves distichous, shortly petiolate, ovate broadly elHptical obovate or almost orbicular, varying from \ to 1 in., and here and there some old leaves at the ends of the shoots twice that size, or in other speciraens nearly all 1 to 2 in. long. Flowers in axilhiry clusters, usually 1 female sessile and a few males on pedicels of 1 to 2 lines, rarely the female also pedicellate ; the short Howering branches often lose their leaves early, and then appear like leaHess racemes or spikes of 1 to 2 in. Male perianth-segments 5, broad, obtuse, about I line long or the outer ones smaller. Glands 5. Stamens 5, all free from the base ; anther-cells parallel. Female perianth more rigid than in the males and often deciduous. Ovary broad, the exceedingly short styles almost or quite concealed in a central depression. Fruit much depressed, nearly 3 lines diameter, much more succulent than that of P. reticulatus. — P. Nova-Hollandia, Baill. Adans. vi. 343, not of Muell. Arg. N. Australia. Vansittart Bay and Greville ishand, Eegenfs river, N.W. coast, A. Cunniugham ; Victoria river, F. Mueller ; Port Darwin, >Schultz, n. 860. Some specimens in Herb. R. Brown from Prince of Wales island may be a variety of this species with smaller narrow leaves and the flowers, as far as I can find, all males, the plant either dicecious or the females not yet developed. Sect. 4. Paraphyllanthus, Muell. Arfj. — Herbs or shrubs of varied habit. Stamens 3, the filaments free or more or less united ; anthers free, the cells parallel, opening longitudinall}^ Glands present. Ovary 3-celled. Styles free. Capsule dry. 18. P. Urinaria, Linn. ; Muell. Arg. in DC. Prod. xv. ii. 364. An erect ascending or procumbent ghibrous annual or perennial of 1 to 2 ft., with angular stems and numerous slender branchlets resembling pin- nate leaves. Leaves distichous, narrow-oblong, nearly sessile, often all under \ in., but sometimes nearly | in. long on the main stem. Stipules small, often bordered with white. Flowers minute, nearly sessile, the females solitary with or without 2 or 3 males, all turned to the lower side of the branch away from the leaves. Male perianth of 6 ovate or obovate segments, about \ line long. Anthers 3, distinct, erect on a column nearly as long as themselves, the cells paralleL Glands glo- bular. Female perianth-segments narrow-er and more rigid than the males, about ^ line long. Ovary 3-celIed. Styles free, spreading, Pht/Uanthus.] CVIII. EUPHORBIACEiE. 103 dilated and 2-lobed at the end. Capsule depressed-g-lobular, scarcely furrowed, scaly-tuberculate or ahnost muricate. Seeds more or less dis- tiuctly marked with trausverse ridyes or rows of tubercles. — F. echinatus, A. Cuun. Herb. N. Australia. South Goulburn island, A. Cunningham ; Port Darwin, Schultz, n. 85, 203. — A common weed ia tropical Asia and Eastern Africa. 19. P. trachygjnie, Benth. Stems from a perennial base, decum- bent or erect, simple or sHg-htly branched, often compressed, 1 to l^ft. long-, the whole phmt ghibrous and rather glaucous. Leaves very shortly petiohite or ahnost sessile, oblong-hinceolate or linear, acute or obtuse, I to 1 in. long. Stipules minute, brown. Flowers apparently dioecious. Males clustered, the fihform pedicels about 2 lines long in some specimens, not above 1 hne in others. Perianth-segments 6, nearly equal, petal-like, nearly 1 hne long. Glands globular. Sta- mens 3, fihiments shortly united at the base ; anther-cells paralleh Female Howers sohtary or 2 together, with short pedicels. Perianth- segments narrow, not f hne long. Disk with G broad thin lobes. Ovary densely verrucose. Styles 3, bifid, recurved and closely ap- pressed to the ovary. Capsules depressed-globular, smooth, the warts disappearing as the ovary enlarges, not 2 Hnes diameter. N. Australia. Port Darwin, (Sc/mZiz, n. 112 (males with sliort pedicels) ; 71.660 (females with tiattened stems and obtuse leaves) ; n. 668 (females with rather acute leaves) ; and 788 (males with longer pedicels and acute leaves). 20. P. maderaspatanus, Linn. ; Muell. Arg. inDC. Prod. xv. ii. 362 var. angustifoUus. An erect simple or branched rather riu'id annual (or perennial l) of 1 to l^ ft., the branches slender, virgate, somewhat angular. Leaves distichous, oblong-Hnear or cuneate, obtuse or mu- cronate, contracted towards the base but sessile or nearly so, ^lo\ in. long-. Stipules usually bordered with white. Flowers very small, usually 1 female with or without 2 or 3 males in each axil, the pedicels about ^ Hne long. Male perianth-segments 6, obovate, about \ hne long. Glands minute. Anthers 3, distinct, erect on the top of a short column, the cells parallel. Female perianth about twice the size of the male. Ovary 3-celled, Styles distinct, spreading, dilated and very shortly 2-Iobed at the end. Capsule depressed, 3-furrowed, about 1-J- lines diameter. Seeds elegantly marked on the back with minute tubercles arranged in 10 to 12 longitudinal rows. — Wight Ic. t. 1895; P. brachypodus, F. Muell. in several herb. N. Australia. Intercourse island, Dampier's Archipelago, A. Cunningham ; Port "Walcot, N.W. coast, Harper ; Upper Victoria and Fitzmaurice rivers, F. Mueller; Port Darwin, Schultz, n. 877. Queensland. Rockhampton, Bowman, CShanesrj; Charlesville, Giles ; Peak Downs, Burkitt. The species is common in the tropical and subtropical regions of the Old World. The shape of the leaves in the Australian specimens is verj nearly that figured bj Wight, although much narrower thau in the commouer forms of the species, 21. P. Mitchelli, Bcnth. An erect bushy shrub, much resembling some of the narrow-leaved less pubesceut forms of F. thynwides, with 104 cviii. EUPHORBIACE^. [PTiyllanthus. which it is united by Mueller Arj^., but the plant is quite glabrous, the niale flowers larg-er on shorter pedicels, with the segments more uuited at the base, and the filaments in all 'the specimens I have examined united to above the middle. Leaves not distichous, narrow-cuneate, rigid, comphcate, 1-| to 3 lines long. Flowers probably dioecious, all males in the specimens seen. — Micmntheum triandrum, Hook. in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 342 5 P. triandrus, MuelL Arg. in DC. Prod. xv. ii. 195 (among the species excluded from Micrantheum) a name reserved p. 299 for the Kirqanelia triandra, Bhmco ; P. thymuides var. Muell. Arg. l.c. 372. Queensland. Pyramid depot, Mitchell. 22. P. Gasstroemii, Mvell. Arg. in BC. Prod. xv. ii. 358. An erect glabrous shrub or undershrub of 1 to 2 ft. the branches often com- pressed, the smaller ones slender, with the general aspect of P. Gunnii. Leaves very shortly petiolate, obovate-oblong, very obtuse, contractod at the base, membranous, from under J in. to nearly f in. long. Sti- pules brown. Flowers very small, monoecious or almost dicecious, the males in clusters of 3 or 4, the females sohtary. Male ])erianth- segments usually 6, about \ line long, very obtuse and petal-like with dark centres. Glands small. Anthers 3, distinct, ovate, rather large, erect on a short slender column, the cells parallel, minuteh' tipped with the projecting connective. Female perianth-segments hirger and more acute than in the males, but not enhirged after iiowering as in P. Dal- lachyamis^ greenish, bordered with white» Ovary 3-celled. Styles longer than the ovary, linear, bifid according to Mueller Arg., entire in the fiowers examined. Capsule depressed-globular, glabrous, smooth, about 2 lines diameter. — P. indigoferoides, A. Cunn. Herb. Queensland. Burnet river, F. Mucller. N. S. TVales. Port Jackson (Cabraniatta), Woolls ; Hunter's river, 31'Arthur ; Hastiiigs and Macleay rivers, Bechler; New England, C. Stuart ; near Liverpool and IUawarra, A. Cunningham. 23. P. Dallachyanus, Benth. A glabrous shrub, the young branches often flattened, the smaller branchlets slender, 3 to 5 in. h)iig. Leaves distichous, obovate broadly obhuig or ahnost orbicular. Flowers mon- cecious, the males chistered few together on fiHform pedicels of about 2 lines, the females sohtary in a very few of the upper axils and on some branches none at all, the pedicels either not longer than the males or sometimes \ in. long. Male perianth-segments ovate, petal-like, obtuse or mucronate, | to nearly 1 hne long. Stamens 3, the filaments united to about the middle ; anther-cells parallel, but separated by a broad thick connective. Female perianth hirger, the segments ovate, enhirging round the fruit to about 3 hnes. Disk witb a broad free margin. Styles 3, thick, diverging, 2-Iobed to about the middle. Queensland. Eockingliani Bay, Dallachy. — With the foliage nearly of P. Gunnii, this lias ihe fih\ments more or less united as in the preceding species, aiid the enlarged fVuiting perianth of P. grandisepalus and its allies. 24. P. subcrenulatus, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 108. A glabrous branch- ing shrub, of 1 to l^ ft., the branches acutely angular. Leaves sessile Phyllanthus.] cviii. euphorbiace^. 105 or nearly so, ovate-lanceolate, niore acute than in almost any other species, ronnded at the base, rather rif^id, with a prominent midrib, 4 to 8 lines long- in the N. S. Wales specimens, laro-er and thinner in the Queenshmd ones. Stipules brown. Flowers mon(i'cioiis, solitary or very few tog-ether, on pedicels of l to l^ lines. Male ])erianth of 0 ovate petal-Hke seo-ments, nearly | line lon^-. Stamens 8, the iiU^nients dis- tinct from tlie base ; anther-cells parallel, but (Ustinct and ahnost sti])i- tate. Ghmds conspicuous. Femak^ pcrianth h)n^er than the male, the seg-ments more herbaccous, bordercd with white, and growing- out to Ih lines or more under tho fruit. Styles 3, not long' but slender and divided to about the middle into 2 branches. Ca])sule g-lobular, g-la- brous, smooth, fully 3 Hnes diameter. Seeds shg-htly striate longitu- dinally. — MuelL Arg-. in DC. Prod. xv. ii. 3G8. Queensland. Upper Brisbane river, F. Mueller ; Rockhampton, O^Shanesy. N. S. Wales. New England, C. Stuart; Clarence river, Bickler ; St. Aubins, Invermein, Buckhouse. 25. P. calycinus, LaUll. Pl. Nov. Holl. ii. 75, t. 225. A g-labrous shrub of 1 to 2 ft. Leaves obking--cuneate, very obtuse, contracted at the base but scarcely petiolate, \ to \ in. or when very hixuriant nearly I in. long\ Stipules small, brown or more or less white. Flowers moncecious, on pedicels of 2 to 4 lines, the females solitary with or without 2 or 3 males in the same axils, the fruiting-pedicelslengthening to |- in. or more and thickened towards the end. Male perianth-seg-- ments 6 or sometimes 5, petal-like, pink bordered with white, ovate- oblong-, about 1| lineslong-. Glands prominent and broad. Stamens 3, filam(ints free from the base ; anther-cells distinct but parallel. Female perianth larg-er than in the males, the seg-ments broadly ovate and after llowering leng-thening- out to 3 lines or even more. Disk with a free ^ndulate marg-in. Ovary 3-celled. Styles free, or very shortly united at the base, somewhat sjireading-, shortly 2-lobed. Capsule globular, slightly depressed. See(is in some specimens marked with 8 to 10 longitudinal strite or sligiitlv raised ribs, in others smooth or obscurely 2- or 3-ribbed.— Kl. in PL Preiss. i. 179; Muell. Arg-. in DC. Prod. XV. ii. 371 ; P. cygmnim, Endl. in Hueg-. Enum. 19 ; Muell. Arg-. l.c. ; P. pulchellus, Endl. Lc. ; P. Premianu.s, K\. in Pl. Preiss. i. 179; P. pimeleoidcs, A. DC. Not. Pl. Rar. Jard. Gen. ix. 15 ; Lehm. in. Pl. Preiss. ii. 230. S. Australia. Port Lincoln, Wilhelmi; Spen(.er"s Gulf, Warhtirton. W. Australia. Swan rivcr, Drummond, \st eolL, Prcis.s, n. 1212; Murchison river, Oldfidd ; Champion Bav, O. Ony; Carnac i.slaml, P/-e?:vs, «. 12i;>; King Geor^'e'.s Sound aiid adjoining districts," Harvcy, F. Mucller, Ol/field.—The above ali not far fiom the coast, but also Blackwood river, 90 miles fiom the sea, Oldjidd. Var. parviflora. Flowers nuKh smalier, the female periauth scarcely 2 lines long after flowerin^'. — W. Australia, Burge.is. Two species are usuallj distinguished, accoiding as the seeds are striate or sniooth, but the stritB are often not apparent till tlie secd is quite ripe, and amongst the very numerous speciniens in herbaria very few have ripe seed, and the two forms are other- wise absolutely undistinguishable. lOfi cviir. EUPHORBiACE^. [Phyllanthus. 2G. P. flagellaris, Benth. An undershrub slig-htly hoary or at length g-labrous, with a woody base and procumbent simple or slig-htly branched stems of 6 in. to above 1 ft., more or less ilattened. Leaves distichous, very shortly petiolate, obovate, from nearly orbicular to oblong", rarely above \ in. long-. Stipules minute. Flowers apparently dioecious, the males 2 to 4 tog-ether on pedicels of about 1 line, the females solitary on pedicels attaining; 2 lines when in fruit. Male perianth-seg-ments petal-like, oblong-, nearly 1 line long- when fully out and often contracted and thickened at the base. Glands large. Stamens 3, the fllaments free ; anther-cells parallel. Fruiting- perianth- seg-ments enlarged to 2 lines. Capsule depressed-g-lobular, 2^ lines diameter, g-labrous. Styles free, shortly bifid. Seeds smooth. N. Australia. Goulburn islands, A. Cunningham. 27. P. similis, Muell. Arg. in Lvmaa xxxiv. 71, and in DC. Prod. XV. ii. 369. A g-labrous shrub, the branches elong-ated, slender, slightly compressed. Leaves distichous, shortly petiolate, obovate-oblong-, membranous, mostly about ^ in. long-. Flowers moncecious, shortly pedicellate, the males in clusters of 3 to 6, the females solitary. Male perianth-seg'ments about ^ line long-, petal-like. Glands larg-e. Stamens 3, the filaments free ; anther-cells parallel. Female perianth-segments somewhat enlarg-ed after llowering', the inner ones bordered with white and as long- as the capsule, the outer ones smaller. Ovary glabrous. Styles free, spreading-, divided to about the middle into 2 branches. Capsule depressed-globular, not 2 lines diameter. Seeds smooth. Queensland. Moreton Bay, F. Mueller ; Demon Creek, C. Stuart. 28. P. microcladus, 3Ivell. Arg. in Linncea xxxiv. 71, and in DC. Prod. XV. ii. 369. A densely branched shrub, g'labrous or nearly so, the main branches rather stout, the ultimate branchlets very numerous, solitary or clustered, filiform, about \ in. long-, mostly with 3 leaveseach. Leaves scarcely petiolate, cuneate or obovate-spathulate, obtuse, rigid, giabrous, 4 to 7 lines long-. Stipules minute. Flowers monoecious, mostly solitary, the males on very short pedicels, the females on longer ones, attaining" l^ to f in. when in fruit. Male perianth-segments ovate. Glands prominent. Stamens 3, the filaments free ; anther-cells parallel. Female perianth when in fruic about 2 lines diameter. Glands connate into a lobed cup. Ovary g-labrous. Styles deeply divided. Capsule depressed-g-lobuhir, about 2 lines diameter. Queensland. Moreton Bay, F. Mueller. N. S. 'Wales. Clarence river, Beckler. I have seen no specimens answering to tlie above description taken from Mueller Arg.'s character. 29. P. grandisepaluS) F. 3hiell. ; Muell. Arg. in Linncea xxxiv. 72, and in DC. Prud. xv. ii. 369. Apparently shrubb}^, g-labrous but g-laucous, the branches somewhat angular. Leaves disticlious, very shortly petio- late, oblong- or obovate-oblong, obtuse or mucronulate. Stipules minute. Flowers monoecious, the males 2 or 3 together on exceeding'Iy short Phyllanthus.] cviii. euphorbiace^. 107 pedicels, tlie females solitarv, tho pedicels ratlier long"er but shortertlian the fruiting- perianth. Alafe perianth-sej^ments ovate, petal-like, | line, or the inner ones nearly 1 line long-. Stamens 3, the fiiaments free or very shortly united at the base, recurved at the end ; anther-cells parallel. Female periauth-seg-ments enhirj;-ing- under the fruit to about 2 lines. St^des divided to about the middle into '2 branches. Capsule depressed- g'lobular, smooth, scarcely furrowed, about 2h lines diamcter. Seeds longitudinally striate, but sometimes obscurely so. N. Australia. Fitzmaurice river, F. Mueller. — This and several of the following speoies are Jifficult to characterize, althougli they appoar to be reuUy distinct. The eulargement of the fruiting perianth is somelimes verj' variable. 30. P. Carpentariae, 3fncll. Arfj. in Lhincea xxxiv. 72, aml in DC. Prud. XV. ii. 70. An apparentl}'' erect shrub, with rig-id but slender virg-ate branches, hoary when young as well as the foliag'e with a minute tomentuni. Leaves oblong--elliptical or obovate-oblong-, scarcely jietiolate, under 1- in. long-. Flowers monoecious, the males 2 or 8 tog-ether, sessile or nearly so, the females solitary on very short pedicels, not above 1 line long* under the fruit. Maleperianth-seg'raents narrow, pubescent outside, nearly 1 line long-. Glands large. Stamens 3, the filaments erectand rather thick but free ; anther-cellsparallel. Female perianth-seg-ments larg-er ihan the males and but little enlarg-ed after tiowering-. Styles 3, erect or scarcely spreading-, very shortly 2-lobed. Capsule g-lobular, somewhat depressed, glabrous and smooth, about 2 lines diameter. Seeds smooth, N. Australia. Tablehmd, Arnheim's Land and Ropcr river, Gulf of Carpentaiia, F. MueUer. 31. P. Fuernrolirii, F. Muell. in Trans. Phil. Soc. Viet. i. 15, a?id in Hook. Kew Journ. viii. 332. Stems erect, branching", 1 to l^ ft. hig'h, hard and almost woody at the base but perhaps annual, hoary as well as the foliag'e with a minute tomentum. Leaves not distichous, very shortly petiolate or almost sessile, obovate-oblong-, rarely above i in. long". Flowers monoecious, the females solitary on pedicels of about 1 line, alone or with 1 or 2 males on sborter pedicels, Male perianth- seg-ments piibescent, about | line long-. Glands ratlier larg-e. Stamens 3, the filaments free ; anther-cells parallel. Female perianth-seg-ments at first about 1 line, but enlarging- to from l^ to 2 lines especially in the Queensland specimens. Disk entire or broadly lobed. Ovary pube- scent. Styles 3, divided to about the middle. Capsule pubescent, depressed-g-lobular. Seeds smooth. — Sond. in Linmea xxviii. 5G(J; Muell. Arg-. in DC. Prod. xv. ii. 373. Queensland. Cleveland Bay, A. Cunningham ; Dawson river, F. Mueller ; Rock- hampton and Rockingham Bay, Dallachy ; Rockhampton, O^Shanesy; Herbert'3 Creek and Saunders' Creek, Expedition range, Bowinan ; Barcoo, Schneider. N. S. Wales. Sandy gravelly banks of the Murray river, F. Mueller (with the fruiting perianth less enlarged). S. Australia. Between Lake Eyre and the river Finke, F. Oiles. ^V. Australia? Sharks Bay, a var. with orbicular obovate leaves according to Mueller Arg., but perhaps a different species. I bave not seen the specimeus. 108 cviii, EUPHORBiACEiE. [Phyllanthus. 32. P. hebecarpus, Benth. An apparentl}^ erect rigid shrub, with virg-ate terete braiiches, more or less hoary tomfentose or villous as well as the foliag-e. Leuves scarcely disticlioiis, very shortly petiolate or ahnost sessile, mostly erect, oblong- or elliptical, from under \ in. to nearly 1 in. long-. P^lowers apparently dicecious, solitary, on ver}' short pedicels, lengthening- out to 1 or 2 lines under the iruit, Male perianth-seg'- menths narrow, petal-like but hirsute outside, l^ lines long-, Ghmds large. Stamens 3, the filaments erect and closely contiguous but free. Female perianth larger than in the males, the seg-ments broad, her- baceous, tomentose outside and attaining' 2 to 3 lines when in fruit, Styles 3, spreading-, divided to the middle into 2 branches, Capsule g-Iobular, scarcely 3 lines diameter, smooth but more or less sprinkled vvith hairs, Seeds smooth. N. Australia. Gulf of Carpentaria, i^. Mueller. Queeusland. Burdekin river, F. MueVer (a rathermore villous specimen). 33. P. lacunarius, F. Muell. in Trms. Fhil. Soc. Vict. i. 14, and in Hook. Kew Joimi. viii. 332. A small ditfuse or much-branclied annual, our specimens mostly under 6 in., g-hd)rous but often very glaucous, the branches fiattened or ang-ular, Leaves very shortly petiolate, oblong- or linear-cuneate, contracted at the base, under \ in, long-, Stipules minute. Flowers very small, monoecious, usually 1 female with 2 or 3 males on very short podicels, leng-thening- out under the fruit to nearly 1 line. Male perianth of 6 ovate often coloured white or reddish seg-ments of about \ line. Glands small. Stamens 3, the filaments free ; anther-cells parallel. Female perianth rather hirg-er, the seg-ments about \ line long or slio-htlv larg-er under the fruit. fetyles short, spreading-, 2-lobed. Capsule g-hibrous, depressed-g-lobuh\r, 3-furrowed. Seeds finely striate longitudinally. — Sond. in Liun;ea xxviii. 506 ; Muell. Arg-. in DC. Prod. xv. ii. 370. N. S. TVales. Jiinction of the Murray and Dailing rivers, i^. J/MeZfer; Dailing desert, Godwin and Dallachi/. 34. P. trachyspermus, F. Mtiell. in Trans. Phil. Soc. Vict. i. 14, and in Hook. Kew Journ. viii. 210. A g-labrous glaucous annual, with ascending- branching- stems about 6 in. hig-h in the specimens seen. Leaves ahnost sessile, broadly oblong-, obtuse, ^ to -1 in. long-. Stipules spreading- as in P. rhytidospermus, but very minute. Flowers monoecious {Muell Ary.), but no males on our specimens. Females solitary in the axils, on very short pedicels. Perianth-seg'ments ovate, spreading-, about f lino long-. Styles 3, very sliort, spreading-, broad and emargi- nate at the cnd. Capsule not seen perfect, but from the remains it ap- pears to have been ovoid-g-lobuhir, about 3 lines long-. — Sond. in Linn;ea xxviii. 500 ; MuelL Arg-. in DC. Prod. xv. ii. 327. N. S. Wales. At the Junction of the Murray and Darling rivers, F. Mueller. — I have onlv hwn two imperfect specimens, one in the Muellerian the other in the Huokerian herbarium. 35. P. australis, Hook. f. in Hook. Lond. Journ. vi. 284, and in Fl. Tasni. i. 341. A low g-labrous undershrub with a woody base and Phyllanthvs.] cviii. EUPiiORBiACE^. 109 numerous ascending- wiry stems of 3 to 6 in, Leaves not disticlious, ovate or obovate, ohtuse or acute, coriaceous, flat, li to 3 lines loug\ Flowers dioecious, tlie uialos in clusters of 2 or 3, the females solitary, on pedicels of \ to 1 line. Male perianth-se^ments red, ovate-oblung-, under | in. lon<^-. Glauds larg-e. Stamens 3, the filaments free ; anther- cells parallel. Female perianth-sep-ments nearly 1 line long", narrower and more acute tlian tlie males. Disk broadly lobed. Ovary g-labrous. Styles 3, deeply divided into 2 branches. Capsule dej)ressed, about li^ lines diameter. Seeds smooth. — Muell. Arg-. in DC. Prod. xv. ii. 373. N. S. ^Vales. ? Some specimens frcim Lachlan river, A. Cunningham, appear to belnn;;' to tliis species, Imt the flowers are not in a state for examiiiatioii. Tasmania. Roadsides, probably common, but overlooked, /. D. Hooker. 36. P. thymoides, Siel). Pl. Exs. ; Sond. iii Linncea xxviii. oG6. A shrub of 1 to 2 ft., more or less pubescent or hirsute, at least the young* branches. Leaves not distichous, nearly sessile, from broadly obovate to narrow-cuneate, obtuse mucronate truncate or emarg-inate, the mar- gins recurved or revolute, coriaceous, rarely above \ in. aud sometimes only 1 to \\ lines long-, the niidrib very prominent underneath and sometimes the whole leaf complicate. Stipules small and black. Flowers dicecious, the niales 2 or 3 tog-ether, the females solitary, on pedicels of i to 1 line. Male perianth-seg-ments 6, rarely 5, | to nearly 1 line long', obtuse or the inner ones mucronulate. Glands larg-e. Stamens 3, the filaments free ; anther-cells parallel. Female perianth larg-er than the male, with ovate herbaceous seg-ments. Ovary more or less hirsute. Styles 3, deeply divided into 2 branches. Capsule de- pressed-globular, 2 to 2i lines diameter. Seeds smooth or minutely tuberculate. — Muell. Arg-. in DC. Prod. xv. ii. 372 ; P. hirtellus, F. Muell. Herb. ; Muell. Arg-. in Linna^a xxxii. 22 ; P. ledifulius, A. Cunn. Herb. N. S. Wales. Port Jackson to the Bhie Mountains, Sieber, n. 264, and Fl. 31ixt. n. 475, A. Cunninfiham, and others; New England, C. Stuart ; Mudgee, N. Taylor ; Twofold Bay, F Mueller. Vietoria. \Vilson's Promontory, Wombaya, Macah"ster's and Genoa rivers, F. Mueller ; Grampians, Wilhelmi ; \\'immera, Dallachy. S. Australia. Tattiara country, Woods (these and the Wimmera specimens much less hirsute, sometimes nearly glabrous). Var. glahrata. Almost glabrous except the young shoots. — Twofold Bay, Mossman, F. Muiller. 37. P. scaber, Klotzsch in Pl. Prciss. i. 179. A bushy shrub attain- ing 2 to 4 ft., the branches ang-ular, g-Iabrous but often g-Iandular- scabrous. Leaves not distichous, obovate oblong- or rarely almost linear, obtuse or mucronate, rounded or tapering- at the base, rather coriaceous, mostly under \ in. long-. Stipules small, brown or black. Flowers dioecious, the males clustered, the females solitary or 2 together, all on pedicels shorter than the perianth. Male perianth- seg-ments ovate or oblong-, 5 to f line long-. Glands conspicuous. Stamens 3, the filaments free ; anther-cells parallel. Female perianth- 110 cvill. EUPHORBIACE^. [Phyllanthus. seffments narrower and more herbaceous tlian the males, rather above 1 line lonti" when in fruit. Styles 3, recurved, undivided. Capsule depressed, slightly 3-furrowed, about 2 lines diameter. Seeds smooth. — Muell. Arg-. in DC. Prod. xv. ii. 3?2. TV. Australia. Cape Eiche, Preiss, n. 1200, Drummond, btli coll. n. 223 ; Bald island, Oldjield; Fitzgerald river, Maxwell (wiili small iiarrow leaves) ; between Espe- rance Bay aud Kussel range, DempsUr (with ratlier large stipules). 38. P. indigoferoides, Benth. A shrub with ratlier slender rigid virgate branches, and numerous almost iiliform leafy branchlets of 1 to 2 in. resembhng- pinnate leaves, the whole hoary with a minute papillose pubescence. Leaves distichous, petiolate, ovate, acute, Hat, coriaceous, rarely above 2 lines long. Flowers monoecious, mostly solitary, on pedicels of about h line. Male perianth-seg-ments pubescent outside, about I line long-, the 3 inner ones larg-er and more petal-like than the outer. Glands larg-e. Stamens 3, the fihiments free ; anther-cells parallel. Female perianth rather larg-er than the male. Disk lobed. Ovary glabrous, conspicuously 6-furrowed. Styles 3, erect, shortly bifid. Fruit not seen. N. Australia. York Souud, N.W. Coast, A. Cunningham. 39. P. aridus, Benth. An erect much-branched rigid shrub, the smaller branchlets almost filiform, quite g-labrous. Leaves distichous, shortly petiolate, oblong-, coriaceous, mostly about \ in. long-. Flowers apparently moncecious but both sexes solitary in ditferent axils, on ex- ceedingly short pedicels scarcely lengthened under the fruit. Male perianth-segments (perhaps not yet fully developed) ovatfi, petal-like, \ line long". Glands small. Stamens 3, the filaments free; anther- cells parallel. Female perianth slig-htly enlarg-ed under the fruit, glabrous, almost coriaceous. Capsule depressed-globular, glabrous, 2 lines diameter, 3-celled. Styles not seen. N. Australia. Barren shores of Bninswick Bay and Port Warrender, Vansittart Bay, N.W. Coast, A. Cunningliam. 40. P. Gunnii, Hook.f. in Eook. Lond. Journ. vi. 284, and Fl. Tasm. i. 341. A tall shrub, sometimes almost arborescent, quite g'labrous, with slender somewhat ang-ular branches. Leaves distichous,obovate or orbicu- lar, rarely obovate-oblong-, very obtuse or retuse, mostly about ^ in. but sometimes | in. long. Flowers monoecious, in axillary clusters of 3 or more males and 1 female, on slender pedicels of 2 to 3 lines. Male perianth-seg^ments 6, ovate, about ^ line long-. Glands prominent. Stamens 3, the filaments free, variable in length ; anther-cells parallel. Female perianth scarcely larg-er than the male. Ovary 3-celled, g-labrous. Styles free, bifid. Capsule 2 lines diameter, not furrowed. — Muell. Arg. in Linnaea xxxii. 20, and in DC. Prod. xv. ii. 368. N. S. Wales. Twofold Bay, F. 31ueller. Victoria. Between Yowaka and Sealer's Cove, Mount Hunter, Broadribb river, F. Miieller. Tasmania. Dense forests at George Town, Circular Head and Kocky Cape, Gunn; King's Isiaud, Herb. F. Mueller. Phyllanthus.] cvui. euphorbiace^. 111 The specimens with obovate leaves can scarcely bo distinguished from P. Oasstrcsinii, except by the free staiucns. Yar. saxosus, F. Muell. More rigid, with fewer flowers. — P. saxosus, F. Muell. in Linn.ea xxv. 441. Victoria. Wimmera, DaUachy. S. Australia. Flinders Rauge, Cudnaka, towards Lake Torrens, F. Mueller. Sect. 5. EuPHYLLANTHUs, Miwll. Arff. — Herbs shrubs or trees of varied habit. Leaves usually distichous. Stamens 3, the filaments free or more or less united ; anthers free, the cells short, more or less diverg-ing- or opening- transversely, and often separated by a broad con- nective. Glands present. Ovary 3-celled. Styles free. Cajjsule dry. This is rather an artificial section than a natural group, some species bcaring a close resemblance to coiresponding ones in Puraphyllantlms, aiid only (listingTiished by thcir anthers ; the flowers are, however, usually much smaller thau in that section. 41. P. simplex, Retz; 3Iuell. Arrj. in DC. Prod. xv. ii. 391. A g-la- brous annual or perennial, with decumbent ascending* or erect stems, rarely above 1 ft. high, tiattened when young-. Leaves distichous, ahnost sessile, hmceolate or ahnost linear and acute or the lower ones oblong" and more obtuse, rarely above ^ in. long-. Stipules very small, brown or white. Flowers monoecious or almost dioecious, the males in clusters of 3 to 6, on filiform pedicels of i to | Hne, with occasionally a sing'le female on a fiHform pedicel of 3 to 4 Hnes, the females when without males often 2 or even 3 Irom the same axil, aH turned to one side. Male perianth-segments 6, spreading-, coloured, not \ Hne long-. Glands prominent. Stamens 3, the filaments fi'ee ; anther-cells g-lo- bular, opening- obHquely or transversely. Female perianth-seg-ments long-er and narrower than in the males, attaining ^ Hne under the iruit. Styles 3, more or less deeply 2-branched. Capsules depressed, g-la- brous, smooth, scarcely 1|- Hnes diameter. Seeds usualy punctate or tuberculate when quite ripe; but sometimes paler coloured and smooth, althoug'h apparently full g-rown. Queensland. Endeavour river, A. Ciinningham ; Rockingham Bay, Dallachy ; Rockhampton, Bowman, 0\Shanesy. Var. kiospermus. Stems 1 to 1| ft. high, and evidently annual. Pedicels shorter than usual. Seeds almost or quite smooth. — Narran river, 31itcheU. P. Bechleri, Muell. Arg. in Linnsea xxxiv. 74, and in DC. Prod. xv. ii. 390, from N. S. \^ales. Clarence river, Beckler, which I have not seen, is also said to difier from P. simplex only in the smooth seeds, which here no more than in P. calycinus appear to be available as a specitic distinction. P. contermimts, IMuell. Arg. in Linnsea xxxii. 31, and in DC. Prod- xv. ii. 389, from New HoUand, Hoclgson, n. 215, which 1 have not seen, is said clearly to resemble P. simplex, but besides the smooth seeds of P. Beckleri to differ in its dicecious flowers. Mueller Arg. however appears to have seen the female only, and many specimens of P. simplex are to be seen without any male flowers, which are always very deciduous, and ofteu probably absent from the first. 42. P. filicaulis, Benth. A small g-labrous plant, vvith a perennial woody base and numerous filiform stems, from 1 to 6 in. long-, the habit approaching that of P. austrulis but more slender. Leaves obo- vate or the lower ones orbicular, under \ in. long. Stipules minute. 112 CVIII. EUPHORBIACE^. \Phyllanthus. Flowers monoecious, minute, on filiform pedicels of ^ to 1 line, lengtlien- ing- to near 2 lines under tlie fruit. Male perianth-segments ovate, coloured, under \ line long. Glands small. Stamens 3, tlie filaments free ; anther-cells globuhir, divergent. Female perianth-segments nar- rovver and rather longer than in tlie males. Disk truncate and hjbed. Styles J3, bifid. Capsule ghibrous and smooth, under 1 line diameter. N. S. Wales. New England, C. Stuart. 43. P. minutiflorus, F. MueU. Hcrl). ; Muell. Arg. in Lhincea xxxiv. 75 and in BC. Prud. xv. ii. 398. A glabrous annual, with filiform pro- cumbent or ascending- stems from a few inches to above 1 ft. long*. Lower leaves broadly ovate or almost orl)icular, 2 to 3 lines long, the upper ones oblong-lanceolate or almost linear, ^ to | in. long. Flowers exceedingly minute, the females on filiform pedicels of \ to 1| lines, the males on shorter pedicels, tlie female perianth not \ line long and the male still smaller. Glands apparently distinct m both sexes. Stamens 3, the filaments free ; anthers not seen perfect. Styles short, deeply 2-lobed. Capsules depressed, under 1 Ime diameter. Seeds smooth. N. Australia. Upper Victoria river, F. Mueller — Apparently the same species, small yoiing plants of 1 to 2 in., witli orbicular leaves, Port Darwin, Sckullz, n. 326, and eloiigated speoimens with longer pediceis and rather broad small leaves, Yurlc Sound, N. W. Coast, A. Cunningham. Var. ? (jrarilUmus . Fihtbrm branches very slender, 1 ft. long. Leaves all narrow, 2 to 4 lines iong. — P. gracillimus, F. Muell. in Herb. Hook. Queensland. Moreton Bay, F. Mmller. The above are probably all fornis of one species, but with the minuteness of the flowers it is difScult to establish definite characters from the imperfect specimens ia our herbaria. Sect. 6. Reidia. — Trees or shrubs. Leaves distichous. Male pe- rianth of 4 segments. Stamens 2, the filaments united in a central column, anthers with separate cells having the appearance of 4 1-celled anthers verticillate round the top of the column. Female perianth of 4 to 6 segments. Styles 3. — Reidia. Wight ; Friococcus, Hassk. . 44. P. Armstrongii, Benth. A glabrous shrub or tree, the branch- lets slender, 4 to 8 in. long, with thin distichous leaves resembling pinnate leaves crowded at the ends of the branches. Leaves very shortly petiolate or almost sessile, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, membranous, mostly about 1 in. long. Stipules minute. Flowers monoecious, the males several together, on capillary pedicels of 2 to 3 lines, the females solitary on pedicels scarcely longer but thickened towards the end. Male perianth rotate, spreading to rather more than 1 line diameter, consisting of 4 broadly rhomboidal crenate segments opposite in pairs. Gltmds large. Anther-cells radiating from a sliort central column which protrudes slightly beyond them, each cell opening transversely in 2 small valves. Female perianth of 6 ovate dentate segments J line long. Disk broadly cup-shaped, half as long as the perianth. Ovary glabrous, with 3 exceedingly short bifid styles. Fruit not seen. . N. Australia. Port Estington, Armstrong. Breynia.] cviii. EUPHORBlACEiE. 113 18. BREYNIA, Forst. (Melantbesa, Blame ; Melantbesopsis, Mwll. Arg.) Flowers monrt>cious, axillary, solitary or few tog-etlier. Male fl. : Perianth turbinate, tlat-ti)pi)ed, the sniall oriflce in the centre ahuost ciosed by G short lobes. 8taniens 3, united in a central column, with- out any rudimentary ovary ; anthers 2-celled, adnate to the colunin, the cells parallel, opening- hm^itudinally in 2 valves. Female fl. : Perianth turbinate or campanulate, with 6 very short lobes or teeth, sometimes minute or obsolete. Ovary sessile or shortly stipitate, 3-celled, with 2 ovules in each coll, thick and fleshy above the cells. Styles 3, very short, erect or slijjhtly spreading- and entire in the Australian species. No jihinds or disk in either sex. Fruit a globuhir or depressed indehiscent berry. Seeds trian<^-ular, with a straiyht inner ang'le and a curved back, the hilum small, the lower end with a large nearly closed ventral cavity .between the inner and outer coatin"*. Albumen not very copious. Embryo curved, the cotyledons broad, parallel to the back of" the seed.- — Shrubs or small treos, the smaller branches slender, the foliage usually but not always drying- black. Leaves alternate, petiolate, usually broad, entire. Flowers small, on short pedicels. Fruits usually red. Tbe geniis is generally spread over tropical Asia and tbe Pacific islands. Of the four Australian species, one and perhaps two are also in the Indian Archipelago, the two others appear to be quite endeniic. Tbe genus is allied to the section Glochidion of Phyllanthus, but readily distinguished by the peculiar male perianth, and by the more baccate fruit. The section Melanthesopsit, with longer spreadin^: divided styles, has not as yet been detected in Australia. The seeds appear to me to be the same in both sections witbout anything that can be properly called an arillus. The hiium at the upper end is very small, fhe large lavitv at the lower end appears to lie between the inner and outer coatiiig of the seed, both of them crustaceous except at the lower end of the cavity where the outer one is membranous aud wears away leaving a small opening. Fruiting perianth spreading flat to a diameter of about 3 lines . \. B. cernua. Fruiting perianth broadly turbinate or concave, enlarging to about 2 lines (iiameter. Styles very short erect or spreading on the obtuse frnit 2. B. ohlongifolia. Fruiting perianth scarcely enhirged. Ovary and capsule more or less contra(;ted into a stipes at the base and crowned with three protuberances surrounding the styles Z. B. stipitnta. Ovary and capsule sessile, the ovary tapering at the top, the capsule suddenly contracted into a beak A. B. rhynchocarpa. 1. B. cernua, Mnell. Arg. in DC. Prod. xv. ii. 439. A g-labrcus shrub, with the broad almost orbicular leaves. and the flowers of B. stipitata, but the female perianth rather laro-er at the time of flower- ing, very shortly broadly and retusely 6-lobed, and when in fruit spreading out quite flat to the diameter of fully 3 lines. Capsule sessile, globular, without appendages, crowned by the very short styles. — Melanthesa cermta, Dcne. Horb. Tim. Descr. 155. N. Australia. N.W. Coast, A. Cunningham. — The specimens have female flowers only, witli unripe fruits, or fruiting perianths from which the capsule has already fallen VOL. VI. I 114 cviii, EUPHORBiACE^. [Breynia. off, biit as far as they go, thej agree perfectly -with the typical Timor speciniens of Ji. cernua. A specimen from Poiiit Pearce, /'. 3Iueller, may also be the same species, with tlie fniiting perianth not so much developed, but the fruit is not yet quite ripe. Queensland. Cape York, Daemel. 2. B. oblongifolia, Muell. Arg. in DC. Prod. xv. ii. 440. A g-labrous shrub, attaining- 10 to 15 ft., -with slender branches. Leaves petiolate, ovate or broadly oblong-, obtuse, 1- to 1 in. long-. Stipules small, rather rig-id, acute. Flowers monoecious, the females solitary, with or without 1 or 2 males, the males often in clusters of 2, 3 or more, and the chister sometimes g-rowing' out into a short raceme, with a rhachis of | to 1 line, covered with imbricate stipule-like bracts. Pedicels usually about 1 line long-. Male perianth nearly 1 hne long-, broadly turbinate, llat-topped with the orifice closed, the stamens quite inchided, the anthers covering- the greater portion of the central cohimn. Female perianth spreading- and shortly and broadl}' 6-lobed, about 1 line diameter when in flower, enlaro-ing- to 2 Hnes under the fruit but remaining- concave, not spread- ing" flat as in B. cernua. Styles short, entire, erect or spreading-. Capsule sessile, globular, about 3 hnes diameter, obtuse, without any protuberances round the styles. — B. cinerasceyis, Baill. Adans. vi. 344. Queensland. Broad Sonnd, R. Brown; Brisbane river, Moreton Bay, F. Mueller; Percy isiand, A. Cunningham (with broader leaves) ; Eockhampton, 0'Shanesy, Thozet : Cape York, Daemel. N. S. Wales. Port Jackson to the Blue Mountains, B. Brown, Sieher, n. 566, A. Cunningham, and others ; Hunter's river, Oldfield; New England, C. Siuart. 3. B. stipitata, Muell. Arg. in DC. Prod. xv. ii. 442. A tall g-labrous shrub. Leaves petiolate, ovate or almost orbicuhTr, ver}- obtuse, f to IJin. loug-. Flowers both male and female usually sohtary. Male perianth of B. oUongifolia. Female perianth broadly turbinate, very shortly and obtusely sinuate-lobed, scarcely enlarg-ed although more open under the fruit. Capsule g-lobular, contracted at the base into a stipes sometimes very short sometimes half as long* as the capsule, crowned by 3 more or less confluent protuberances forming" a fleshy ring- round the short styles and about their length, both the stipes and the terminal protuberances already apparent on the ovary at the time of flowering-. N. Australia. Islands of the Guif of Carpentaria, R. Brown, Henne ; Port Dar- win, Sclndtz, n. 546, 581 ; Prince of Waies islands, R. Brown. Queensland. Kockingham Bay, Dallachy; Cleveland Bay, Bowman (with nar- rower leaves). B. Muelleriana, Baill. Adans. vi. 344, from Rockingham Bay, Dallachy, from the very imperfect specimen in Herb. F, Mueller, appears to be a slight variety of B. sti^ituta, witli much largor leaves. 4. B. rhynchocarpa, Betith. Apparently a shrub with the habit of B. oMongifolia, but the specimens not drying- so black, and assuming- a g-laucous hue. Leaves broadly ovate or orbicular, very obtuse, mostly about 1 in. long-. Male flowers only seen very young-, but apparently normal. Female flowers sohtary, on very short pedicels. Perianth narrow-turbinate, under 1 line loug- at the time of flowering-, truncate Brcijnui.] CVIII. EUPHORBIACE^. 115 and entire or with 3 or 4 minuto and distant tecth. Ovary nearly sessile, tapering- at the top into .'3 short distinct concave erect styles, stio-matic on the inner surface. Cajiside sessile or nearly so, glohular, terminating- ahruptly in a distinct narrow-conical heak, the perianth scarcely en- hirg-ed although opened out rather broader. N. Australia. King'8 Souml, N.W. Coust, Hughan. 19. SECURINEGA, Juss. (Fluggea, Wllld.) Flowers dioecious, in axillary clusters. Male fl. : Perianth divided to the base into 5 petal-like seg-ments. Stamens 5 or sometimes 4, exserted, alternating- with as many glands, and surrounding- a central 2-tid or 3-fid pistil without any ovar}', hut often as long- as tlie stamens; anthers with 2 parallel cells opening- longitudinally in 2 valves. Female fl. : Perianth of the males. Disk flat, with a free dentate margin. Ovary 3-celled, with 2 ovules in each cell. Styles 3, recurved and bifid. Fruit dry or scarcely succulent, the pericarp thin, irreg-uhirly separating' into cocci. Seeds triang-uhir, with the inner edge straig'ht, the back semicircular ; testa crustaceous, with a ventral cavity between the inner and outer coating*. Albumen rather scanty, curved round the cavity of the seed. Erabrj-o also curved, the cotyledons broad, parallel to the back of the seed. — Shrubs. Leaves alternate, petiolate, distichous, entire. Flowers very small. Fruits red. The genus is spread over the warmer regions of Asiaand Africa, one species reaching as iar north as Spain. Both the Austraiian species are commnn in E. India, and one has the widi' range of the genus. The seeds. in the section Fluggea at least, to which the Australian species bciong, have the peculiar siructure of those of Breynia. The genus is, however, readily known by the perianth, the exserted stamens, the rudimen- tary pistil, the dry fruit, &c. Branches unarmed. Leaves above 1 in. long \. S. ohovata. Branches often spinescent. Leaves ^ to f in. long, often emarginate or very obtuse 2. S. Leucopyrm. 1. S. obovata, Muell. Arrj. in DC. Prod. xv. ii. 449. A tall unarmed shrub, quite g'labrous but sometimes g'laucous, the smaller branches often angular wlien young. Leaves ovate, usually broad and sometimes almost orbicular, rarely broadly oblong-, very obtuse, 1 to 2 in. long- or when very luxuriant nearly 3 in., prominently penniveined and the nu- merous reticulate veinlets often also prominent underneath. Flowers minute, the males usually very numerous in the clustei', the females fewer, both on filiform pedicels of 1 to 2 lines. Perianth in both sexes about ^ line long-, the 3 inner seg-ments rather larger than the outer. Stamens longer than the perianth, the anthers o])ening" outwards. Styles rather broad. Capsule red, depressed-globular, not exceeding- 2 iines in diameter. — XijlophijUa obovata, Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol. 329; Leptonema inelanthesoides, F. Muell. in Hook. Kew Journ. ix. 17; Fhigcjca vudanthesoides, F. Muell. in Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinb. vii. 490, and very numerous other synonyms g-iven by Muell. Arg'. l.c. i2 116 cviii. EUPHORBIACE^. [Secuvineffa. Iff. Australia. Regenfs river and Cygnet Bay, N. W. coast, A. Cunningham ; Kin^'s 8uimd aiid Collier Bay, Cltapman, Hughan ; Hierson island, Gregorifs Uxpe- dilion ; Victoria and Fitzmaurice rivers, F. Mueller ; Islands of tbe gulf of Carpeii- taria, R. Brown ; Sweers islaud and Albert river, Henne ; Port Darling, Schullz, n. 578. Queensland. Cape York, 3I'GilUvray ; Gilbert river and Howick's group. F. Mucller ; Poit Denison, Fitzalan; Rockingbam and Edgecomle Bays, Dallachy ; Broad Sound and Bowen river, Bowman ; Kennedy district, Daintree; Flinders river, Sutherland; Port Mackay, Nernst. Tbe species is common in tropical Asia and Afiica. 2. S. Leucopyrus, 31veU. Arg. in DC. Prod. xv. ii. 451. A larg-e strag-gliiig slirub, qiiite glabrous, witli numerous small rig-id brancblets occasionally terminating- in a spine. Leaves ovate obovate or almost orbicular, very obtuse or emarg-inate, smaller and more membranous than in S. olxmita, and usually not above | in. long". Flowers and fruit entirely tbose of P. ohovata. — S. virosa, Baill. Adans. vi. 334, and several synonyms given by Muell. Arg-. l.c. Queensland. Gilbert river, F. Mueller; Eockbampton, Dallachy, 0'Shanesy ; Bowen river, Bowman. — Common in many parts of Enst ludia. 20. NEORCEPERA, Muell. Arg. Flowers monoecious, in axillary chisters. Male fl. : Perianth divided to the base into 5 or 6 petal-hke segments. Stamens 6 or 6, exserted, surrounding a broad central irregtilarly-lobed disk or abortive ovary ; anthers with 2 parallel cells, opening longitudinally in 2 valves. Female ti. : Perianth deeply divided into 0 lobes, narrower than in the male. Disk shortly lobed. Ovary 3-celled, with 2 ovules in each cell. Styles 2, chivate or broad, undivided. Capsule globular, sepa- rating into 3 2-valved coriaceous cocci. Seeds ovate-oblong, sliglitly compressed, without any caruncuhis. Testa smooth and shining, without any internal cavity. Albumen rather copious ; embrj-o nearly straight, with broad cotyledons. — Shrubs. Leaves alternate, shortly petiolate, entire, coriaceous. Flowers not so small as in Securinega. Capsule much larger. The genus is limited to Australia. Baillon reduces it to a section of Securinega, but the structure of tiie fruit and seed appears to differ far too mucb to sanction the union. Leaves elliptical-oblong, mostly about 1 in. long. Styles elongated clavate \. N. buxifolla. Leaves cuneate-oblong or almost obovate, 4 to | in. long. Styles short broad and thick 2. iV. Banksii. 1. N. buxifolia, Miiell. Arg. in DC. Prod. xv. ii. 489. A glabrous shrub. Leaves elliptical-oblong, obtuse, entire, coriaceous, shining, not exceeding 1 in., very much hke those of some varieties of Buxns sempervirens. Male flowers numerous in the clusters, on pedicels of 3 to 4 lines. Perianth about 1 Hne long, of 5 or 6 segments, the inner ones larger than the outer, very concave or ahnost cueullate ; stamens exserted. Female floAvers soHtary in the male chxsters, on rather longer and stouter pedicels. Perianth-segments rather longer Neorcepera.] cviii. euphorbiaceje. 11? and narrower, shortly united at tlie base. Styles 3, rather long, chivate at the end but not divided. Capsuk^ f>-lobular, about 3 lines (lianieter. — liwpera huxifulla, Y. Muell. llerb. ; Scciiriiicffa Muelleriana, Baill. Adans. vi. 883. Queensland. Princhester Creek, Bowman; Lizard island, TTaZier. — Some speci- mene, also witliout flowers, frora Endeavoiir river, A. Cunningham, andreferred by him to Sersalisia obovata, appear to belong to the species. 2. N. Banksii, Benth. A twigg-y g-labrous shrub of several feet. Leaves cuneate-oblonti', very obtuse or emarg-inate, rarely mucronate, contracted at the base and very shortly petiolate or almost sessile, coriaceous, slightly veined, ^ to f in. long-. Flowers few in the clusters, the males rather smaller than in A. huxifolia, and the stamens not exserted in our specimens, in which, however, the tiowers are not yet full blown. Female llowers on pedicels of about ^ in., but only seen in fruit, which is the same as in N. buxifolia, except that the styles are short and very broad. Seeds not seen quite ripe. — Fhi/l- lanthus Banksii, A. Cunn. Herb. Queensland. Sandj ridges, north sliore, Endeavour river, A. Cunningham, 21. HEMICYCLIA, Wig-ht et Arn. Flowers dioecious, axillary. Male tl. : Perianth of 4 or 5 raiich imbricate segments, the inner ones usually more petal-like concave and larg-er than the outer. Stamens indetinite (4 to 23) inserted round a broad central concave entire or undulate-lobed disk ; filaments free ; anthers with 2 parallel cells, opening- longitudimilly in 2 valves. Female fl. : Perianth oftbemales, or rather larger. Disk flat, with a free marg-in. Ovary obliquely 1-celled, with 2 ovules. Style or stigma single, broadly reniform or semi-orbicular, flat or recurved, entire or emarginate. Fruit an indehiscent drupe, with a succulent mesocarp and a bony endocarp. Seed usually solitary, oblong, furrowed down one side ; testa rather thin ; albumen copious. Embr^-o straight or nearly so, with broad flat cotyledons and a short uarrow radicle. — Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, petiolate, entire, coriaceous when fuU grown. Flowers solitary or few together, small, pedicellate, the male clusters sometimes apparently forming* a short raceme from the abortion of the leaves on the very short flowering branches. The genus contains but few species, dispersed over the East Indian Peninsula, Ceylon, and tiie Eastem Arcliipelago. Of the three Australian species, one appears to lie the same as the comuionest of tlie Indian ones, the two others are endemic. All three are, however, very closely allied to each other. Filaments exserted, miR-h longer than the sniali ovoid anthers . \. H. sepiaria. Eilaments very siiort; authers twice as long, oblong, not exceed- ing the peiianth. Ovary glabrous 2. //. australasica. Ovary densely villous 3. H. lasiugyna. 1. H. sepiaria, W. 4" Arn. ; Muell. Arg. in DC. Prod. xv. ii. 487, var. l ohlonyifolia. A shrub of 6 to 9 ft., the young shoots minutely 118 cviii. EUPHORBiACE^. [Hemicyclm. piibescent, tlie adult foliage glabrous. Leaves petiolate, ovate-oblong- or oblong--lanceolate, obtuse, coriaceous and shining- when full-gTown, but most of those on the flowering- specimens still young- and mem- branous, finely veined underneath, 1| to 2i- in. long-. Male tiowers several tog-ether in axillary clusters sometimes j^rowing- out into short racemes, the filiform pedicels about 2 lines long-. Perianth-seg-ments 4, broad, about 1 line long-. Stamens 6 to 8 in the flowers examined, inserted round a hoUow disk, with the margin undulate as in H. australusica. No female specimens seen of the Australian variety. N. Australia. On the beach, Port Darwin, Schultz, n. 746. — The species is common in Oeylon from the sea-coast to an elevation of 1500 ft., and appears also to have an extended range in the Peninsula. The Australian specimens differ sliglitiy in tlie narrower k^aves as well as in the disk, but are probably a variety only ; the stamens are entirely those oi H. sepiaria, and not of the two following species. 2. H. australasica, Mndl. Arg. in DC. Prod. xv. ii. 487. A spread- m^ tree attaining- 40 ft., rarely redueed to a shrub, the young- shoots slig-htly pubescent, but soon becoming- glabrous, sometimes rather g'laucous. Leaves petiolate, from broadly ovate to ovate-oblong-, obtuse, coriaceous, often shiuing- above, finely veined underneath, li to 3 in. long-. Flowers solitary or few tog-ether in axillary clusters, or the males sometimes forming- short racemes with a rhachis from under 1 line to 3 or 4 lines, the pedicels 1 to 2 lines long- in the males, rather long-er in the females. Male perianth-segments broad and concave, especially the inner ones, l^ to 1| lines long'. Stamens varying- from 5 to 10 on the same specimen; anthers oblong-, long-er than the very short fllaments, and not exceeding- the perianth. Margin of the disk usually undulate. Female perianth rather larger thau the male, Fruit ovoid-globular, 5 to 0 lines long, very smooth, red and succulent, with a bony endocarp. — H. scpiaria var. austrulasica, F. Muell. Fragm. iv. 119. Queensland. Islands of Torres' Straits, Eenne ; Edgecombe and Rockinghara Bays, Dallaclnj ; Burdekin river, F. Muelltr ; Cleveland Bay, Bowman; Keunedy district, Daiiitrie; Rockhampton, 0'SItanesi/ ; Cape Sidmouth, Brasitr. N. S. ^Vales. Clarence river, BtcJder. Var.? with longer narrower leaves, a tree of 100 ft Lord Howe's island, C. Moore. — There are also amoug the Queensland plants specimens with narrow ieaves, and others with larger or smailer fruits, which in the abseuce of male tiowers I am unable to refer with certainty to tbis species. F. Mueller, and after bim Baillon, refer tbe wh(jle species to the East Indian H. sepiaria, \V'ight and Arn. ; but notwitli.-^tanding much general resemblance, it appears to dilfer esseutiall}' in the stamens and iii some miuor particulars. 3. H. lasiogyna, F. Mndl. Fruijm. iv. 110. A tree with the hal)it of H. australasica, but the leaves usuidly larger, 2 to 3 in. long, mem- branous at the time of flowering, but becoming coriaceous when in fruit. Flowers rather larger than in H. avstralasica, the perianth- segments mostly fringed or ciliate. Anthers large, oblong, on vcry short fllaments as in that species, but often bearing a few hairs, and the ovary ahvays densely villous. N. Australia. Port Essington, Leichhardt, Armstrong ; Port Darwiu, Schultz, n. 700, 742 (females) and 692 (males). Bnedelia.] cvin. EUPHORBiACEiE. 119 22. BRIEDELIA, Willd. Flowers monoecious, in axillurj clustors or solitary. Male fl. : Calyx deeply divided into 5 seg-nients, valvate in the bud, spreadin;^; when in flower. Petals 5, scale-like, stipitate or spathulate, the small laniina usually broad and dentate. Disk broad, with a free entire or slig-htly lobed marg-in. Stamens 5. insertod on a central column arising- from the disk, the fihiments spreading- horizontally under an abortive or lobed style which terminates the cohimn without any ovary. Anther-cells parallel, opening- loug-itucUnally. Female fl. : (Jalyx of the males or with longer narrow seg-ments. Disk the same but vvith the addition of an inner erect margin or cup closely surrounding- the ovary. Ovary 2-celled or very rarely and exceptionally 3-colled, with 2 ovules in each cell. Styles distinct or connate at the base, more or less 2-lobod or nearly entire. Fruit a small berry or drupe, with a succulent indehisceut epicarp, the endocarp rather hard or crustaceous, separating- into 2 indehiscent cocci or pyrenes, Seeds usually solitary in each pyrene, with a longitudinal furrow on the inner face ; albumen copious ; embryo nearly straight, with broad flat cotyledons and a short narrow radicle, — Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, petio- late, entire, with fine parallel diverging" primary veins and transverse veinlets prominent on both sides. Stipules small. Flowers small, sessile or very shortly pedicellate, and surrounded by small scalo-like bracts, the males and females in the same or separate clusters. Berries or drupes small, red or black. The genus extends over tbe warmer regions of Asia and Africa. Of the four Aus - traliaii species, two are also Asiatic, the two others appear to he endemic. Whole plant glabrons. Flowers few together. Male calyx-segments 1 line long. Staminal column not half so long as the tilaments. Styles very short . . l. JB. exidtafa. Flowers in dense chisters. Male calyx-segments h line long. Sta- minal columu nearly as long as the filaments. Styles rather long 2. B. ovata. Young shoots and underside of the leaves tomentose-pubescent. Flowers in dense clusters. Female calyx about | line loiig . . . Z. B. tomentosa. Flowers solitary or 2 or 3 together. Female calyx at least 1 line long 4. B.faginea. 1. B. exaltata, F. Muell. Frarjm. iii. 32. A tree of 60 to 70 ft. perfectly g-labrous. Leaves shortly petiolate, ovate-lanceolate, acute or rather obtuse, with much more numerous primary veins than in B. tomentosa, 2 to 4 in. long', somewhat glaucous underneath, often dry- ing' black. Flowers few tog-ether and almost sessile, the floral leaves often deciduous or abortive. Male cfilyx-segments above 1 line long, thin and spreading'. Disk larg-e. Staminal column very short, the filaments at least twice as long-. Berries black, globular, much larger than in B. ovata. Styles exceetUngly short, but perhaps not perfect in the specimens seen. — B. ovata var. exaltuta, Muell. Arg-. in DC. Prod. XV. ii, 495 ; Amanoa ovata, Baill. Adans. vi. 330. 120 cviii. EUPHOHBiACEiE. [Briedelia. N. S. Wailes. Clarence river, Beckler ; EichnKind river, Herh. F. Mueller ; Tweed river, Giiilfo;/le. 2. B. ovata, Dcfie. ; Mvell. Arr/. ifi DC. Prod. xv. ii. 495. Atall shrnb, with slender branches, qnite g-labrous. Leaves on very short petioles, broadly ovate-elliptical, very obtnse or with a very short obtnse acumen, 2 to 4 in. long-, the primary veins usually more distant than in B. ttmiefi- tosa. Flowers sessile or nearly so, numerous in the clusters and ])re- cisely similar to those of B. tomcfito.m, the staminal column about as long- as the free part of the fihmients. Berry g-lobukir, somewhat didymous, rather larger than in B. tomcfitosa. Styles rather long*. N. Australia. Sims island, Nortli coast, A. Cunningham. — The species is also in Tinior and Malacca. A. Cnnningham's specimens entirely agree with those de- scribed by Decaisne from Timor. 3. B. tomentosa, Blume ; 3Iiu'll. Arg. ifi DC. Prod. xv. ii. 501. A tree with rather slender branches, minutely tomentose-pubescent when young" as well as the underside of the leaves, but often becoming* soon glabrous. Leaves from eUiptical-oblong" to ovate-elliptical, membranous, with 7 to 15 primary diverg-ent veins on each side of the midrib, and the transverse veinlets also conspicuous, l^ to 3 in. long-. Male llowers densely clustered, sessile or nearly so. Calyx-segments lanceolate, acute, horizontally spreading, rather above | line long-. Petals about half as long-, stipitate or spathulate, broad and lobed. Disk broad, with a rather tliick flat free and entire marg-in. Staminal column slender, the free part of the filaments about as long", radiating' from the top of the column round the central abortive 3- to 5-lobed pistil. Female flowers on very short thick pedicels. (Jalyx rather hirg-er than in the males and the petals more entire. Disk with a double mavg-in, the outer one fiat and entire or nearly so, the inner one forming' a short cup immediately round the ovary and usually 5-lobed. Ovary 2-celled. Styles shortly and thickly 2-lobed, connivent or spreading*. Fruit nearly g-lobular, ripening- usually only 1 seed in each cell, and the cocci or rather pyrenes scarcely separating-. — Aifiafioa tomentosa, Baill. Adans. vi. 33G. N. Australia. Victoria river, F. Muellcr ; Port Essington, Armstrong ; Port Darwin, ticlndtz, n. 46, 101, 111, 166. Queensland. Itockhamjiton, 0'Shanesy. Var. ovoidea. Fruits ovoid. Wood island, GnlUver. The species is also in Easl India and tlie Archipehigo, extending northward to South China. 4. B. faginea, F. Madl. Hci-b. A tall shrub or small tree, the slender branches aud underside of the leaves tomentose-pubescent or at length glabrous. Leaves ovate or elliptical, very obtuse or ahnost acute, 1 to 2in. long-, firmer than in B. tofficfitosa, and on some branches under 1 in. long- and obovate or almost orbicuhir. Stipules kmceolate. Bracts smalL Flowers closely sessile, solitary or 2 tog-ether, niostly females in our specimens, but the males a})pear to be also solitary. Male calyx-seg-ments rather broad, obtuse, scarcely above ^ line long-. JBricdelia.] cviii. kupiiorbiacejj. 101 Petals entire or nearly so. Staniens of Ji. tomentostn. Foniale calyx- seg-ments narrow and at least 1 line long-, the inner disk lar>;-e. Fruit red, fjlobular, fully 2 lines diameter, liard but not tliick, separating- into 2 cocci or pyrenes, and ripening- onlv one seed in each. — Amanoajaffinea, Baill. Adans. vi. 3;36. Queensland. Hockhampton, DaJlnchy, Bowman ; Kcppel Bay, DaJlachy ; Port Dtiiison, Fitr.alan. B. Lnchhnrdtli, r.aill. Etud. Euph. 584; Miieii. Arg. in DC. Prod. xv. ii. 499 {Amanoa Leichhardtii, Baill. Adans. vi. 336), froin Mount Cameroons, Moreton Bay, Leichhardt, of wliiLh the nialc flowers only are known, is uudistinguishuble by any character giveu from B. faginea. If it prove rcally to be the sanie, the nauie B. Leich- hardtii has the priority, but ought perhaps to \)e rejected on account of the insuffieiency of the character. 23. CLEISTANTHUS, Hook. f. Flowers monoecious, in sessile clusters, axillary or in leafless spikes. Male ti. : Calyxdeeply divided into 5 lobes or seg-ments, valvate in the bud, spreading- when in llower. Petals 5, stipitate or spatlmlate, witli a small lamina usually broad and dentate. Disk broad with an entire or sliohily lobed free marg-in. Stamens 5, inserted on a central column arising- froni the disk, the filaments diverging- or spreading- liorizontally under an abortive lobed style terminating- the column without any ovary ; anther-cells parallel, opening- long-itudinally in 2 valves. Female H. : Calyx less deeply divided than in the males, the base form- ing a cup under the ovary. Disk adnate with an entire sometimes scarcely prominent free margin and within it an erect cup or margin close under the ovary. Ovary 8-celled, with 2 ovules in each cell. Styles 3, distinct, biiid. Capsule globular or depressed, 3-furrowed, separating- into 3 2-valved deciduous cocci, leaving, besides the central axis, a broad persistent base. Seeds with a rather scanty albumen ; cotyledons broad, rather thin, often more or less folded. — Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, coriaceous, entire, the primary pinnate veins not so prominent as in Bnedelia, arcuate and anastomosing- far within the marg-in, the veinlets reticulate, not transverse. The genus extends, like Briedelia, over the warmer regions of Africa, Asia, and the South Pacilic islands, but the Australian species appear to be all endemic. It ha.s been united by Baillon with Amanoa, but diflers consicierably in the fruit as well as in the venation of the leaves The abortion of the floral leaves in many species gives them a peculiar inflorescence, different froni that of any otht-r Australian P/ii/llanthece, and approaching that of Amanoa, from which Cleistanthus like Briedelia diflers essentiaily in the valvate perianth, the structure of the seed, and other characters. Flower-clusters all axillary, small. Leaves mostly under 2 in. Stamens very shortly united. Capsule stipitate. Leaves obtnse 1- C. Cunninghamii. Capsule sessiie. Leaves mostly acuminate 2. C. apodus. Fiower-clu8ter.s mostly in leafless iuterrupted ferruginous spikes. Leaves above 2 in. long. Staminal column as long as the filaments. Calyx segments 1,^ lines long. Leavcs green on both sidcs. Capsiile glabrous 3. T'. Dallachyanun. Calyx-seginents scarceiy 1 line long. Leaves pale or glaucous underneath. Youngcapsule villous 4. C. nemiopacus. 122 CVTIT. EUPHORBiACEiE. [Clmtanthnx. 1. C. Cunninghamii, Miwll. Arf/. in DC. Prod. xv. ii. OOG. A tall shrub, quite g-labrous or the joung- shoots sli«i'htly pubescent. Leaves petiolate, ovate-oblong- or elliptical, rather thinl}^ coriaceous, obtuse or rarely obtusely and obscurely acuminate, mostly 1-| to 2 in. long-, often glaucous underneath. Flowers in dense axillary clusters, sessile or nearly so. Male calyx g-labrous. Petals small, obovate-cuneate. Sta- mens very shortly united at the base. Female calyx with a broadly turbinate base, the lobes spreading-^ under 1 line long'. Disk lining- the turbinate base and produced into a short cup round the ovary. Ovary very villous, the tapering- base half included in the base of tlie calyx. Styles rather long-. Fruit depressed-globular, tridymous, at first very villous, but becoming- nearly g-labrous when ripe, borne on a stipes wsually exceeding- the calyx but variable in length. — Lehcdiera Cun- miif/hamii, Muell. Arg-. in Linnaea xxxii. 80 ; Amanoa Cimninghamii, Baill. Adans. vi. 335. N. Australia? An imperfect specimen from Victoria river, F. Mueller, may be this species. Queensland. Brisbane liver, Moreton Bay, A. Cunningham, Fraser, F. Mueller ; Burnett rivcr, F. 3fneller ; Eockhampton, Dallachj. _ N. S. Wales. Hastings river, Fraser, Beckler ; Richmond, Tweed, andChirence rivers, C. Moore. This phmt is allied to C. stipitatus, Muell. Arg., from New Caledonia, but the leaves are much less coriaceous, and it is readily distinguished by the densely villous ovary. 2. C. apodus, Benth. A strag-g-ling- shrub or small bushy tree, usually quite glabrous, nearly resembling- C. Cunniiifjhamii, but the leaves more ovate, and usually acute or acuminate, the ' male ilowers rather smaller, the calyx-seg'ments scarcely above 1 line long-, the female calyx-lobes broader, 1 line long-. Ovary hirsute with a few long- halrs. Styles united at the base in a short column, the bifid branches spread- ing-. Capsule closely sessile within the persistent calyx, quite g-labrous, 3 to 4 lines diameter. Queensland. Cape York, M'Gilllvray, Daemel; Eockhampton Bay, Dallachj. 3. C. Dallachyanus, Baill. in Herh. F. Mnell. A handsome tree, the infloresconce and sometimestheyoung- shoots ferrug-inous-pubescent, the adult foliage g'labrous. Leaves ovate, obtuse or more frequently obtusely acuminate, rounded at the base, rather thickly coriaceous, shining- above, scarcely g-laucous underneath, mostly 2 to 4 in. long-. Flowers sessile in sessile clusters, which are sometimes distant in the axils of floral leaves of | to 1 in., more frequently nearer tog-ether and from the abortion of the floral leaves forming- more or less interrupted spikes of 1 to3in. Bracts small but very broad, obtuse and concave, onvelopinii' the buds, ferrug-inous-villous as well as the rhachis. Male calyx g-labrous, the seg-ments rather thin, l^ lines long-. Petals not half so long-, very broad and more or less stipitate. Filaments united in a column to more than half their length. Female flowers " on distinct branches of the same tree" {It. Brown), only seen very im- perfect, bcing- much injured in our specimeus by insects. Ovary Cldstanthus.] cviii. eupiiorbiace^b. 13.S glahvous (Btnllon). Capsule closely sessile. — Amanoa Dallachi/ana, Baill. Adans. vi. 385. Queensland. Noitlnimberlaiu] anJ Cumborland islands, i?. Droicn; Rockliampton, Dallachij, Thozet. 4. C. semiopacus, F. Mndl. Ecrh. A tree ? witk tbe branclies niore slender tlian in C. Dallarhijaniis, but tlie inflorescence and young' shoots ferruninous-])ubescent as in that species, the adult foliag"e glabrous but jilaucous underneath. Leaves ovate, acuminate, rather thickly coriaceous, 2 to 4 in. long-. Flowers smaller than in C. Dalluchyanus, the clusters closely sessile i_n interrupted loailess spikes of 1 to 2 in., and sometimes paniculate, or the lower clusters in the axils of rioral leaves. Calyx-segments ])ubescent outside, nearly 1 line h)ng. Petals small, broad, entire or toothed. Staminal column as long- as the free part of the fihiments. Ovary and.young capsule sessile, densely pubescent. Outer marg-in of the disk scarcely ]irominent under the very short cup. Fruit depressed-globular, tridymous, nearly 3 lines diameter, ferruginous-villous or at length nearly glabrous. Queensland. Rockingham Bay, Dallachy. Tribe 6. Crotone^. — Flowers distinct, both sexes with a perianth, or the males rarely without any. Ovules 1 in each cell. Embryo with broad cotyledons and a narrow radicle. Trees, slirubs, or herbs. Leaves usually much larger tlian in the Stenolobcre, and often toothed. Flowers, at least tlie males, in spikes racemes or panicles, very rarely reduced to clusters. Stamens usually indefinite, few or many. 24. CROTON, Linn. Flowers monoecious or rarely dioecious in terminal racemes. Male fl. : Calyx of 5, rarely 4 or 6 segments, imbricate or ahnost or cjuite valvate in the bud. Petals as many and usually as long- as the calyx- segments. Glands small, alternating with the petals. Stamens in- definite (5 to above 30 in the Australian species) inserted on a ratlier broad usually hairy receptacle or disk ; fikiments free, inflected in the bud below the anther, erect and usually exceeding the expanded flower ; anthers adnate to a connective continuous with the fihiments, with 2 parallel cells 0]3ening longitudinally. Female fl. : Calyx-seg- ments usually narrower than in the males and sometimes enlarged. Ovary 3-celled (very rarely 2- or4-celled), with one ovule in each cell. Styles divided into" 2 or 4 branches. Capsule separating iuto 3 de- ciduous 2-valved cocci. Seeds smooth, with a small carunculus ; testa erustaceous or hard. Albuuien copious ; cotyledons broad. — Trees, shrubs, or rarely lierbs, usually clothed or s])rinkled with stellate hairs or scales, rarely (]uite glabrous. Leaves altei^nate or very rarely oppo- site, sometimes almost verticillate immediately undor the infloroscence, petiolate, entire, variously toothed or very rarely lobod, ])onniveinod or rarely 3- or more-nerved at the base, with 2 or more small sessile or ]24 cviii. EUPHORBiACEiE. [Croton. stipitate o-lands at tlie top of tlie petiole or base of tlie lamina. Stipules ■usually minute. Flowers usuallj clustered along- tlie rbachis of a ter- minal raceme, tbe bracts very small. The genus is a very large one, extending over the tropical regions of both the New and the Okl World. Of the seven Australian species one is represented by a distiiict variety in New Caledonia and another in the Fiji and Philippine islands, the five othera appear to be quite enderuic. Stamens not niore than 12. Leaves penniveined, rarely irregu- larlj 3-nen-ed at the base. Leaves denselj clothed underneath with a stellate scaly or silvery tomentum. Female calyx 3 lines long, male only 1 line. Styles with 2 elongated branches \. C. Schultzii. Female calyx uiider 1 line as well as the male Styles TS-ith 2 rather broad branches 2. C. insularis. Styles with 4 elongated branches. Leaves all altemate 3. C phehalioides. Leaves all or nearly all opposite 4. 6'. opponens. Leaves boary (m both sides with a close stellate tomentum . 5. C. tomentellus. Leaves quite glabrous or very sparingly sprinkled when young with stellate hairs or scales. Leaves rather tbin. Stamens 10 to 12. Capsule globular, scarcely furrowed 6. C Verreauxii. Leaves coriaceous. Stamens 5 to 8. Capsule longer than broad, scarcely furrowcd 7. C. acronychioides. Leaves coriaceous. Stamens about 10. Capsule deeply 3- furrowed, 3-lobed at the top 8. C. triacros. Stamens 20 to 30 or more. Leaves broad, 5- or 7-nerved at the base, densely stellate-tomeutose 9. C arnhemicus. 1. C. Schultzii, Bcnth. A sbrub of 8 to 12 ft., tbe young- brancbes mflorescence and underside of tbe leaves silvery-wbite or reddisb with a close scaly tomentum. Leaves broadly ovate, shortly and obtusely acuminate, rounded or slightly peltate at the base, penniveined or imperfectly 3- or 5-nerved, 2 to 4 in. long, on a petiole of | to 1 in. in our speeimen, tbe upper surface boary wben young, sprinkled wben full gTown witb a small scaly pubescence. RaL-emes sbort and dense, witb a tbick rbacbis, the upper part male, with a few female flowers in the lower part, tbe pedicels exceedingly short. Male calyx-segments very broad, obtuse, imbricate, about 1 line long-. Petals ratber broad. Stamens about 11, on a hairy receptacle. Female calyx-segments narrow, 8 lines long. Styles 3, shortly united at tbe base, deeply divided into 2 rather long entire brancbes. N. Australia. Port Darwin, Schidtz, n. 609 (a single specimen). In the lar'e usually quite g-labrous. Leaves shortly petiolate, elliptical oblong or almost ovate, entire or slightly sinuate- crenate, coriaceous, sliining- above, penniveinod with fine much- anastomosing- veins, 2 to 4 in. long-, the basal glands sessile. Raeemes 1 to 2 in. long-, terrainal as in the rest of" the g-enus, but with the flowering- branches often so short as to appear axillary, the female flowers few, usually only in the lowest cluster close to the tloral loaves, the other clusters all male, the pedicels very short. Calyx-seg-nients nearly 1 line long-, rathor broad, obtuse, slig-htly imbricate in the bud, somewhat ciliolate. Petals narrow, ciliate. Receptacle hairy. Stameus 5 to 8. Female calyx-seg-ments above 1 line long- and narrow. Ovary densely hirsute. Styles broad, divided at least to the middle into 2 mostly bifid branches. Capsule 5 lines long- and about 4 lines broad, more or less scaly. Seeds with a small carunculus. — Baill. Adans. iv. 800. Queensland. Rockhampton and surrounding districts, DaUaehij, Bowman, Thozet. 8. C. triacros, F. Mruil. Fragm. vi. 185. A tree or shrub, quite glabrous or the young- shoots and infiorescence very sparing-ly scaly tomentose. Leaves ovate or elliptical, obtuse or shortly acuminate, entire or obscurely sinuate-crenate, rather coriaceous, sraooth, penni- veined, with fine and distant primary veins and obscure reticulations, 2 to 6 in. long- or even more. Racemes sometimes very short, but some fruiting' ones 8 or 4 in. long-, often several tog'ether at the ends of the branches, some entirely or nearl}' entirely male, others entirely or nearly entirely female. Pedicels under 1 line long". Calyx-seg-ments uearly 1 line long-, imbricate in the bud. Stamens about 10. Styles rather deeply divided into 2 entire branches. Capsule sprinkled with stellate scales, tridymous, obtusely 3-Iobed at the top with a deep central depression. Carunculus of the seeds very small. Queensland. Rockingham Bay, Dallachy. 9. C. amhemicus, Mudl. Arrj. in LvuKsa xxxiv. 112, and in DC. Proil. XV. ii. 599. A rather slender shrub of 5 or 6 ft., or a small strag'gling tree, clothed with a stellate tomentum, dense and soft on the young- branches inflorescence and •underside of the leaves, more scattered on the upjier surface. Leaves orbicular-cordate or broadly ovate in the tjijical form, obtuse or rarely with a short point, crenate, prominently 5- or 7-nerved at the base, with pinnate primary and transverse secondary veins, 3 to 5 iii. long* and uearly as broad, or 128 CVIII. EUPHORBIACE^. [CrotOTl. smaller on the side brancbes. Racemes 3 to G in. long-, tbe flowers usually numerous in tbe clusters, tbe lower ones cbiefly females, tbe upperones cbiefly or entirely males. Pedicels varyinj^- from 1 to 3 lines. Calvx-seg-ments l)road, obtuse, ratber above 1 Hne long-, imbricate in tbe ]»ud. Petiils scarcely longer, cibate-bairy. Stamens 20 to 30 or even more, on a bairy receptacle, tbe fibuneuts g-labrous. Styles divided to tbe base into 2 lono- slender entire or very sbortly 2-lobed brancbes. Capsule o'lobular, not furrowed, birsute witb stellate bairs, fully 3 lines diameter. N. Australia. Islauds of the Gulf of Carpentaria, ^. Brown; Victoria and Fitz- maurice rivers and Sea-range, F. 31ueller ; Port Uarwin, ScJntltz, n. 48, 563, 684. Var. urenctfolms, Baill. Adans. vi. 300. Leaves niore ovate and often acuminate, usiially o-niTved. Flovvers ratber smaller. N. Australia. Port Darwin, ScJiultz, n. 186. Queensland. Cape York, M'GilUvray; Port Denison, /"li.ia/am/ Edgecombe Bay, DallacJit/ ; Gilbert river, Dainlree. 25. ALEURITES, Forst. Flowers monoecious, in a terminal panicle. Male fl. : Calyx entire and closed in tbe bud, splitting- into 3 or rarely 2 seg-ments. Petals 5, contorted in tbe bud. Disk witb 5 or 10 slig-btly prominent lobes or g-lands. Stamens indefinite, on a central receptacle or disk witbout any rudimentary ovary ; antbers erect in tbe bud, tbe cells pnrallel and adnate to a connective continuous witb tbe filament, opening* long-i- tudinally in 2 valves. Female fl. : Calyx and petals of tbe males. Disk of 5 minute glands. Ovary 2- to 5-celIed, witb 1 ovule in eacb cell. Styles 2 to 5, deeply divided into 2 brancbes. Fruit large, somewbat flesby, tbe endocarp bard, tardily separating- into cocci. Seeds nearly globular, witb a distinct outer somew-bat cartilag'inous coating-, tbe inner coating' bony ; albumen oleaginous ; cotyledons broad, flat, witb a sbort narrow radicle. — Trees witb a stellate tomentum. Leaves alternate, petiolate, larg-e, entire or lobed. Flowers in terminal panicles, tbe females usually few, terminating' tbe main brancbes. A genus of few species, natives of tropical Asia and the Pacific islands. The ouly Australiau species is also widely spread over the Archipelago. 1. A. moluccana, Willd. ; Mvell. Arg. in DC. Prod. xv. ii. 723. A tree attaining- sometimes a considerable size, tbe young- foliage densely ferrug'inous-tomentose, becoming- nearly glabrous wben full-g-rown. Leaves crowded at tbe ends of tbe brancbes immediately under tbe panicle, broadly ovate-rbomboidal or ovate-Ianceolate, obtuse or acumi- nate, rarely narrow-lanceolate, entire undulate-crenate or 3-, 5- or 7-b)bed, sometimes nearly 1 ft. long- and broad but in berbaria usually 4 to 0 in., 3-, 5- or ?-nerved, tbe primary veins pinnate witb transverse secondary veins as in Croton aruhemicus. Flowers numerous, in broad terminal mucb-brancbed panicles, tbe pedicels sbort. Calyx tomentose, opening- usually in 3 segments, about l^ lines long'. Petals obovate, \ about 3 lines long. Stamens 15 to 20, on a convex hairy receptacle. Aleurites.] cviii. KrpiiouiJiACEJE. 109 tlie filaments also hairy, scarcely lonjrer or sometimes shorter than the antliers. Female tiowers (not seen in the Australian specimens) neariy siinilar to the malesas to calvx and corolla. Stylos deo])ly divitled into 2 branches. FruitfuIIy 2 inches diametcr. — Jafropfm mohtccana, Linn. ; AlcHi-itcs triloba, Forst., and several other synonvms, as g-iven by Muell. Ary-. I.c. Sueensland. riockingham Bav, DaHachy.— ^WiliAy spread over the Eastera lipelago and th(! islamjs of the South i^acitic, and sent also from various tropical regions, wbcre however it is generally phmted. 26. CLAOXYLOW, A. Juss. Flowers dioecious or rarely moncpcious, in axillary racemf^s. Male fl. : Calyx at first ylobular, openinii- to the base into (3 rarely oi.valvate seg'- ments. Petals none. Stamens indefinite, on a ceutral' receptacle or disk, intermixed with plands or lobes of the disk, without any central rudimentary ovary ; lilainents not inliexed ; auther-cells distinct, erect, opening- longitudinally from the apex downwards. Feraale fl. : Calvx less deeply divided than in the males into 3 or 4 valvate lobes. Disk with a free entire or lobed margin. Ovary 3-ceIled or rarely 2-celled, Avith 1 ovule in each cell. Styles short, entire, free or united at the base. Capsule separating- into 2-vaIved cocci. Seeds without any carunculus, the outer coating- loose and membranous, the inner testa crustaceous. Albumen cupious. Cotyledons broad, wdth a narrow radicle. — Trees or shrubs, glabrous or sparingiy pubescent with short appressed hairs, the foliage often taking a reddish" tint when dry. Leaves alternate, petiolate, usually large, entire or toothed, penniveined. liacemes solitary or 2 tog-ether, shorter than the leaves. Flowers sinall, the males few tog-ether in clusters, the female solitary. Bracts minute. The genus is spread over tropical Asia and Africa. The Australian species are all probably endemic, but the cbaiacters are diiScult to ascertain without good specimens of both sexes. Leaves long and narrow, on petioles under \ in. Flowers monoe- cious, on pedicels of 5 to 4 in. Ovary glabrous 1. C. angustifolium. Leaves various, ou petioles of 4 to 1 in. Flowers dicecious or nearly so, on pedicels under 2 lines. Interstaniinal glands giabrous. Raceraes in the axils of young leaves. Ovary glabrous. Styles united at the base 2. C. tenerifolium. Eacemes iu the axils of full-grown leaves. Ovary pubescent. Styles free 3. C. australe. Leaves large on petioles of 1 to 2 in. Flowers dioecious, on very short pedicels. Interstaminal gland and ovary pubesceut . 4. C. Hillii. 1. C. angustifolium, J/uclI. Arg. in Linnrm xxxiv. IGo, andinDC. Prod. XV. ii. 780. A shrub of 5 or G ft., giabrous except a minute jmbescence on the inflorescence. Leaves narrow-lanceolate, acuminate, irregularly toothed, tapering* at the base, rather firm and smooth, 4 to 8 in. long- and rarely above 1 in. broad, on a petiole of only 1 to 3 lines, the basal giands very small. Flowers mouoecious, in racemes of about VOL. VI. K 130 CVIII. EUPHORBIACEiE. \ ClaOXT/lOTl. 1 in., the rhachis slender almost filiform, the males in chisters of 3 to G on pedicels of 2 to 3 hnes, with occasionallvafemale in the same chister on a pedicel twice as long-. Male perianth of 3 se^ments, about | hne lonj»-. Stamens 10 to 12, intermixed with small narrow g-lands; fila- ments thick, nearly as long- as the perianth ; anther-cells small, erect. Ovary g-hihrous or minutely pubescent ; styles exceedingly short, tooth- like. " Young- capsule tridymous, glaucous and quite glabrous, on a pe(hcel of above | in. — Mercurialis (vif/iisfifolia, BaiU. Adans. vi. 322. Queensland. Cumberland isles and Port Denison, Fitzalan. — Single specimens in Herb. F. Mueller. 2. C. tenerifolium, F. Mudl. in Baill. Adans. vi. 323. A tree of 20 to 80 ft., the y^^^ung- slioots and inflorescence sparingly and minutely pu- hescent, othr^wise g-hibrous. Leaves mostly ovate and acuminate, rarely more elhptical, dentate, tapering- at the hase, 3 to 4 in. long- on a petiole of 1 in. or more when full g-rown, but in the flowering- specimens smaller and still young- and membranous, penniveined with more or less of a reddish-purple hue underneath at least wlien dry. Flowers dioecious, the males in racemes of 1| to 2 in. on slender pedicels varying- from \ hne to above 1 hne, the females in shorter racemes on thicker pedicels. Slale perianth-seg-ments 3, memhranous, reflexed, about 1 hne long;. Stamens 12 to 20, about as long as the perianth, intermixed wnth g-lobu- lar glands. Female perianth divided to the middle into 3 valvate lobes. Disk with a broad thin almost petal-Iike broadly lobed margin. Ovary g-Iabrous. Styles short, united at the base in a deciduous cone, spread- ing in the u])per half. Capsule tridymous, nearly 3 lines diameter. — Mercurialis teiicrijhlia, Baill. Adans. vi. 323. Queensland. Fvockh.a,m-pton, Ballachy* 0'SJianes)j; Broad Souud and Cleveland Bay, Bownian. 3. C. australe, Baill. Etvd. Euph. 493. A tall shruh or straggling' tree of 25 to 30 ft., the young- shoots sparing-ly the inflorescence more copiously ])ubescent, or rarely cphte g'Iabrous. Leaves oblong', hroad or narrow, more rarely ovate, ohtuse or rarely shortly acuminate, dentate, tapering- at the base, 3 to 6 in. long-, on a petiole of from ^ to 1 in., rather flrm wdien full g-rown, green on both sides or rarely reddish- purple underneath, the basal glands very variable. Flowers dicecious, tlie male racemes 2 to 3 in. long-, the females much shorter, the pedicels very short. Male perianth-segments 3, about 1 line long*. Stamens usually above 20, about as long as the perianth, intermixed with short ovate glabrous glands. Female perianth rather thicker and less deeply divided. Disk with a broad free ciliate margin. Ovary more or less pubescent. Styles distinct, at first very short and thick, at leng-th spreading- and about \ line long'. Capsule nearly 3 lines diameter, usually pubescent. — Muell. Arg-. in DC. Prod. xv. ii. 788 ; F. Muell. Fragm. iv. 142 ; McrcuriaUs anstralis, Baill. Adans. vi. 322. Queensland. Brisbane river, Morefon Bay, A. CvnnivgJtam, Fraser, F. Mueller ; Port IJowcn, A. Cunningham ; Wide Bay, Leichhardt ^ (Kpeciniens vcrj bad). N. S. "WaXes. Port Jackson to the Blue Mountains, Woolls, Miss Atkinson ; Cliio.Tylon.] cvin, EUPnouiiiACEiE. 131 Sydiicy woodp, Hlacarthur, Paris E.rhibition, 1855, n. 22 ; Hastiiigs and Claienco riyers, BecUer and iitlnTs ; Ncw Eiiglund, ('. Stuart; soutliward to lllawarra, A. (Jun- niiigham, Ilarviy, liahtoii. Var. latifulia. Leaves large and broad. — Kocklianiplon, 0'Shancxy, malcs only. Var. laxifiora. Leavcs long and narrow. Ilacemes longcr and looscr with longer pediccls than usual. — Twccd river, C. Moore. Var. dentata. Leaves coarsuly and deeply toothed. — Macleay rivcr, Beckler. 4. C. Hillii, nenth. A troe of 1?0 to 30 ft., tlie yoiing- shoots and intiorescence ]ml)escent, the adult foliag'e g-hibrous, and often assuming' a j)ui'j)lish liue. Leaves ovate, shortly aouminate, dentate, (i to 8 in. lont;- and 8 to 4 iu. hroad ou j^ctioles of 1 to 2 in. iu HilFs aud M'(jlillivr!iy's specimens, but little more thau lialf that size in Dalhichy's, and still very young* in Daemers specimens. Flowers dioicious. Racemes in the upper axils of the previous year's wood or at the base of young- shoots, the males 2 to 4 in. long-, the flowers 3 to 5 tog-ether iu distinct clusters, on ver}^ short pedicels. Perianth villous, of 3 valvate seg-ments. Stamens 12 to 20, the intermediate g-lands ciliate- bairy. Female r.acemes under 2 in. long", the Howers not numerous, solitary within the bracts, on pedicels of about 1 line. Perianth of 3 short broad seg-ments. Disk of 3 broad distinct segments (or petals ?) alternating- with the perianth-lobes and shorter than them. Ovary densely pubescent. Styles distinct, spreading-, acute, less than h Hne long-. Capsule tridymous, at leng-th nearly glabrous, scarcely 3 lines diameter. Seeds g-lobular, reticulate-rug-ose, about 1 line diameter, without any caruncles. Queensland. Cape York, HPGHlioray, Daemel ; Albany island, W. Hill (all males) ; Rockingham Bay, Dalhichij (females). — I am not certain of having conectiy referred Dalhichy^s ieinale specimens to the same species as the Cape York males, or whethcr they may not beloiig to some variety of C. tenerifoiiinn or C. australe, with more pubescent tiowers and iiiflorescence. In the male flowers the glands appear to bo ahvays glabrous in C. tenerifolium, ciliate-hirsute iu C. HiUii. 27. ACALYPHA, Linn. Flowers monoecious or rarely dicecious. Male H. : clustered in axil- lary spikes, \vith a small bract under each cluster. Perianth of 4 valvate segments. No petals or glands. Stamens 8 or rarely 8 to 10, inserted on a raised central receptacle, without any rudimentary ovary ; filaments free ; anther-cells distinct, linear, wavy or tortuous, attached by one end. Female 11. : 1 to 4 together within a leafy bract, the bracts solitary or spicate. Perianth of 3, rarely 4 imbricate segments. Ovary 3-ceIled, with 1 ovule in each cell. Styles distinct, finely branched. — Shrubs or trees or in species not Australian herbs. Leaves alternate, usually dentate. Flowers very small, the males and females in separate spikes or the females solitarv in separate axils, or one or more at or near the base of the male spikes. A large genus dispersed over the tropical and subtropical regions of both the New aud the Old World. The three Australian specics appear to be eudemic. k2 132 cviii. EUPHORBiACE^. [Acalyj}ha. Villous shnib. Leaves 1 to 3 in. long, ovate or broadly lanceolate. Feniale flowerinp bracts 1 or more at the base of the male spikes or in separate axils 1. A.nemorum. Glabrous or pubescent slender shrubs or trees. Leaves small, oblong. Female flowering bracts sessile at the base of the raales or in sepa- rate axils, or if pedicellate with abnorinal deeply divided muri- cate fruits. j\Iale chisters approximate 2. A. eremorum. Female flowering bracts on tiliform peduncles with normal cap- sules. Male chisters distant in tiliform spikes 3. A. capillipes. 1. A. nemorum, F. Mncll. ; Mvdl. Arg. in Linmea xxxiv. 38, and in DC. Prod. XV. ii. 858. A slirub of from 8 or 4 ft, to twice tbat bein^lit, the young- slioots more or less softly villous, tlie adult foliag-e sparing-ly so. Leaves ovate-lanceolate or oblony, obtuse or scarcely acuminate, crenate, 3- or 5-nerved at tlie base, penniveined witli transverse veinlets, those of the principal branches 2 to 3 in. long-, on petioles from under \ in. to 1 in. long-, those of the lateral branches smaller, on short petioles. INIale spikes slender, peduncuhite, 1 to 2 in. long*, the flowers in chisters of 10 to 15 or more, on exceedingly short pedicels, with a minute deeply fringed bract under each chister. Perianth-seg-ments 4, about \ hne long-. Stamens usually 8, not long-er than the perianth. Female flowers 1 to 3 at the base of some of the male spikes or in separate axils, and sometimes several crowded in a short spike, each ■\vitiiin an orbicuhir crenate bract, attaining- sometimes \ in. diameter. Perianth-segments 3 or 4, very smalL Ovary hirsute. Styles long-, fringed with capillary lobes. — A. Cvnnvigliamii, MuelL Arg-. in Linntea xxxiv. 35, and iu DC. Prod. xv. h. 861. Queensland. Brisbane river, Moreton Bay, A. CunnivgJiam, LeichJiardt, F. Muelltr, C. tituart ; Burnett river, F. Jlueller ; Wide Bay, Bidwill. N. S. "Wales. Ha.stings and Clarence rivers, BecJder and others ; Piichmond river, C. Jloore ; New England, LeicJdiardt, C. Stuart. Tlie species is exceedingly variable in the indumentum, sometimes very dense and soft, sometinies scarcely any, in the breadih of the leaves and length of the petiole, in the female bracis few or many, crowded and clustered, or distant in a short interrupted spike, the teetli of the biacts also variable in number and breadth. 2. A. eremorum, Mmil. Arg. in FloralSCA, 440, and in DC. Prod. XV. ii. 8(J3. A rigid shrub, with virgate or divaricate rather slender hranches occasionally spinescent at the end, g-hibrous or the young' shoots and fohtige pubescent. Leaves small and distant. very shortly petiolate, oblong-, crenate, contracted at the base, | to 1 in. long-, or on some of the lateral branches mucli smaller and ahnost obovate. Male racemes slender, pubescent, from under i in. to nearly 1 in. long", the flowers minute, in dense usually approximate chisters, the bracts very minute. Female flowers sohtary, dimorphous, mosth^ nearly sessile, alone or near the base of the male spikes, within a bract of 2 to 2|- hnes diameter deeply toothed or lohed. Perianth-seg-ments 3, minute but broad. Ovary pubescent. Styles fring-ed in the upper half. Capsule tridymous, nearly g-labrous, about 1 hne diameter. Some female tiowers are howevcr borne on a flhform pedicel of 4 to 5 hnes, the bract then AcalypJia.] cviii. euphorbiace^. 133 vory small and the capsule deeply divided into 3 muricate obovoid cocci. Queensland. Brisbane river, Fraser ; scrub ou tbe Burdekin, F. Mueller ; Rock- lianiptoii, Daliachy. 3. A. capillipeS) F. Mucll. ; Mitdl. Arcj. m Linnrpa xxxiv. 40, «7?^ in BC. Prod. XV. ii. 8"-?3. A tall shrub or sniall tree, with divaricate slender branches, the snialler ones often acicuhir and sjnuesccnt, reseinbling- the spinescent speciniens of .1. ercmoruni, with whicli l>aillun unites it as a variety. It is more j^-labrous, the leaves rather broador and thinner, the male spikes filiforni, with still smaller llowers in distant clusters, the femalos apparently all solitary on tiliform [)eduncles of | to 1 in., with a normal orbicular bract of nearly 2 linos diameter, the capsule g-labrous und tridymous but the cocci not deeply separate as in the podunculate iruits of A. eremorum, the styles with much more numerous capillary branches than in that species. N. S. Wales. Clarence Hver, Beckler. 28. ADRIANA, Gaudich. (Tracliycarjon, A7.) Flowers dieecious, in terminal spikes. Male ii. : Perianth fj;lobular and closed in the bud, oponing in 4 or 0 valvate seg'ments. No petals or glarids. Stamens very numerous, crowded on a slig-htly raised central receptacle, without any rudimentary ovary ; filaments very short; anthers linear, erect, the cells adnate, parallel, opening" longitu- dinally in 2 valves, the connective produced bej^ond them into a papillose point or linear appondag-e. Femaleperianth of G or 8 segments, imbri- cate in about 2 rows. Ovary 3-celled, with 1 ovule in each cell. Styles 3, distinct or very shortly connate at the base, bifid, densely covered or fring-ed with much raised or linear papilhe. Capsule sepa- rating- into 2-valved cocci. Seeds ovoid, with a small carunculus. Testa crustaceous. Albumen copious. Cotyiedons fiat, much broader than the radiclo. — Erect shrubs, giabrous or stellate-tomentose. Leaves alternate or opposite, 3- or 5-nerved, coarsely toothed and often 3-Iobo(l. Male sj)ikes usually rather long- and interrupted, the liowers sessile in clusters of 3 to (j in the axil of an ovate or lanceolate bract. Female spikes usually very short and dense, sessile or very shortly pedunculate within the last leaves. The genus is enJemic in Austriilia. The species are all very closely alliefl to each other, and niitrht easily be reducud lo varieti(;s ot' two species. F. JMueiler thinlcs that even these might be uuited in a single oue, tor which he proposes the nanie of A. iJam- pieri. Leaves all or nearly all alternate on rather long petioles. (Each species ghibrous or louieutose.) Leaves or tlieir niiddle lobe ovate-lanccolate or broad, oFten acuminate. Styles iree, slender, longer than the capsule. Eastern or tropical species 1. A. acerifolia. 134 cviii. EUPHORBiACEiE. [Adriam. Leaves decply 3-lobed, the middle lobe oblong or ovateoblong, obtiise, not atuminate. Styles free rarely exceeding the cap- su'e. Nortb-westein and Wcstern species 2. A. tomentosa. Leaves oblong or lanceoiate, obtuse, rarely 3-lobed. Styles shortly united at the base. Desert species 3. .4. Jlookeri. Leaves all opposite, sessile or on very shoit petioles. Leaves quite gialjrous on bnth sides A. A.quudriijartita. Leaves white-tomentosu undcrueath b. A. Klutzschii. 1. A. acerifolia, Ilooh.iii Blitch. Trop. Austr. 371. A rather coarse slirub of 3 or 4 ft., iisually hoary or white with a stellate tomentuui, sometimes dense and mixed with long-er steHate hairs even on the upper surface of the leaves, sometimes very close or almost mealy, usually more sparing- or almost wanting- on the upper side of the leaves, or very rarely the whole plant g-kbrous and reddish. Leaves alternate, on rather long- petioles, 3- or 5-nerve'd at the base, very variable in shape, usually either ovate-hmceokite and coarsely toothed or deeply 3-lobed witli ovate-lanceolate coarsely toothed lobes, the middle lobe the long-est, the hirger 3-lobed leuves often 4 to 6 in. long-, the upper ones often much smaller, Male spikes 2 to 3 in. long-; perianth-seg'- ments spreading-, membranous, about li lines long-j anthers about 1 line long- on very short g-labrous fihiments. Female spikes very short and dense, sometimes contracted into a head, sessile within the tloral leaves or petiohite bracts. Perianth-seg-ments usually 6 but varying- Irom 5 to 8, herbaceous, 2 to 3 lines long-. Ovary and back of the styles more or less steUate-tomentose. Styles 4 to 6 lines long', divided to about the middle into 2 branches. Capsule 4 to 5 lines diameter, very obtuse. Seeds smooth. — Muelh Arg. in DC. Prod. xv. ii. 890 ; Baill. Adans. vi. 312; A. heterojjhylla, Hook. in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 124; Traclujcaryon Cuuninghamii, F. MuelL in Trans. Phil. Soc. Vict. i. 15, and in Hook. Kew Journ. viii. 209. N. Australia. Victoria and Fizmaurice rivers, F. Mueller. Queensland. Maranoa aud Balonne rivers, JJitchell ; Rockhampton, Dalhichi/, Bowman ; North Kennedy district, Daintree ; AJoreton Bay, G. Stuart. N. S. Wales. Hunter, Paterson, and Williams rivers, R. Broivn ; Port Jackson to the Blue Mountains, Woolls, Jliss Atklnson ; Lachlan river, A. Cunnivghain ; Darling river to (JooperN Creek, Nielson; New England, C. IStuart ; Mount LindsMj, Peul and Namoi rivers, C. Moore ; Hunter river, Backhouse ; Hastings river, Bechler. Victoria. Snowy and Buchan rivers, F. Mueller. Var. glalrata. Glabrous or nearly so in all its pavts. — A. glahrata, Gaudich. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 1, v. 2"23, and in Freyc. Voy. Bot. 487. — A lew specimens IVom Queensland, N.S. Waies, and Victoria. 2. A. tomentosa, Gaiid. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 1, v. 223, and in Frcrjc. Voij. But. 487, t. 110. A shrub of 2 to 4 ft. very nearly allied to A. acc- rifoiia, and united with it by F. Mueller. It is also simdarly variable in indumentum, but usually more glabrous than that species. Leaves ahnost always deeply 3-lobed, with narrower and more obtuse lobes, the whole leaf rarely above 2 in. long. Flowers as in A. acerifuUa or rather longer and the styles shorter and thicker. Capsules larger and the seeds as lar asknown, with a pitted testa. — Muell. Arg-. in DC. Prod. Adriunu.] CVIII. EUPIIORBIACEJE. 135 XV. ii. 891 ; A. acerifoUa y puberula, Muell. Afo^. l.c. ; A. Gaudichaudi, Baill. Adans. vi. 312 (partly). Wr. Australia. N.W. coast: Carewriver, A. Cunningham; Depucch islanJ, Bynoe; Nichol l!ay aiid De Grcy nver, BiJleifs Expcdition ; Point Liirrey, Hughan. W. Australia. Sharks 13ay, ^lilne, JJenhain ; Port Gregory aiid Murchison river, Oldjidd. 3. A. Hookeri, Mudl. Arf/. in DC. Prod. xv. ii. 891. A g-labrous or minutely tomentose shrub, more slender tban .1. acerifoUa. Leaves alternate or here and there opposite, petiolate, oblong- or oblong-hinceo- late, obtuse, coarsely toothed and 1 to \\ in. long, or a few of tlie hxrger ones 3-lobed with the central lobe like the undivided leaves aud tho lateral ones short and broad. Flowers fewer than in A. acerifolia, on shorter spikes, the females often solitary, the i)erianth and capsule smaller than in that species. Styles shortly uuited at the base, more slender than in .1. tomntosa, not so long as in A. acerifolia. — Traclujcaryon. Hookiri, F. Muell. in Trans. Phil. Soc. Vict. i. 16, and in Hook. Kew Journ. viii. 210. Victoria. Murray river, F. Mueller; Nortli-west districts, L. Morton ; Wimmera, Dallachy. 4. A. quadripartita, Gundieh. in Freyc. Voij. Bot. 489. A shrub of 2 to 0 ft., quite glabrous in all the specimens seen. Leaves all opposite, sessile or very shortly petiolate, ovate ovate-lanceolate or oblong, acute or obtuse, coarseiy toothed, 3-nerved at the base, mostly l^- to 2 in., rarely 3 in. long. Spikes sliort and few flowered as in A. Hookcri, and the styles similarly united at the base. Capsule glabrous, minutely stellate-ha"iry or almost muricate. Seeds smooth. — Muell. Arg. in DC. Prod. XV. ii. 8i)2 ; Croton quadripartitus, Labill. Pl. Nov, HoU. ii. 73, t. 223; Trachi/earyon Billardiiri, Klotzsch in Pl. Preiss. i. 175; Adriana Billurdieri, Baill. Etud. Euph. Atl. 6, t. 2, f. 19 to 20. Victoria, Port Phillip, R. Brown, G-xnn, Harvey ; Cape Otway, Herb. Hook. Tasmania. Lahillardiere. W. Australia. Pnint Henry near the sen, Oldfield; towards Cape Riche, Drum- mond, bth coll. ?t. 224 and 225, and inHerb. F. Maell. 239; Esperance Bay, Maxwell; Swan river, JPreiss, n. 1206, Oldjield; Port Gregory, Oldfield. 5. A. Klotzschii, Muell. Arg. in DC. Prod. xv. ii. 892. A shrub of 3 to 4 ft., with the opposite almost sessile leaves of ^. qnadripartita, of •which it may be a variety distinguished by the leaves, white-tomentose underneath, the female jierianth-segments shorter and more obtuse, and the stvles longer and freefrom the base as in A. acerifoliu. — Trachijcaryon Klotzschii, F. Muell. iu Trans. Phil. Soc. Vict. i. 10, and in Hook. Kew Journ. viii. 209. Victoria. AVilson's Proraontory, F. Mudler. S. Australia. Meraory Cove and Port Lincoln, R. Brown ; Rivoli Bay, Robert- son; Encoiiuter Bay, Whittalccr; near Adehiide, F.MneUer, Blandowski; Port Liu- colu, Wdhdmi; Venus Bay and Kaugaroo island, Waterhouse. 130 cviii. EUPHORBIACE^. [Alchoniea. 29. ALCHORNEA, Swartz. (Cladodes, Lour. ; Ccelebogyne, /. Sm.) Flowers dioecious or rarely moncBcious, in terminal or axillary racenies or spikes. Male li. : Perianth j^lobular and closed in the bud, opening" in 4, rarely 3 or 2, valvate segments. iNo petals or ghiuds. Stamens 8 or more, rarely 4, in the centr^of the flower, without any rudimentary ovary ; fihiments free or very shortly united ; anthers ver- satile, the cells parallel, opening- longitudinally in 2 valves. Female fl. : Perianth of 4, rarely 3, 5 or 0 segments or lobes, imbricate in the bud. No disk (except in one Madagascar species). Ovary 2- or 3-celled, with 1 ovule in each cell. Styles entire or 2-branched, free or shortly connate at the base. Capsule separating- into 2-valved cocci. Seeds without any carunculus. Testa crustaceous. Albumen copious. Coty- ledons flat, much broader than the radicle. — Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, petiohite, undivided, toothed or in one species ahnost lobed, with 2 or more ghmds on the under side at the base of the himina. Stipules small, usually subulate, or none. Male spikes slender, inter- rupted, often panicuhite, the flowers very small, clustered along' the rhachis, with u small bract under each cluster. Female spikes or racemes usually single, the flowers solitary within each bract. The genus is spread overthe tropical regions of both the New and the Old World. A considerable number of its species have been proposed by various botanists as distinct genera enumerated by Muelier Arg. as synonyms. Amoiigst tliese, in uniting them, he lias selected Swartz's name as the oldest. Bailion has for reasons which he does iint give, substituted Loureiro"s name Cladudes, which, however, is two years more recent. The two Australian species are endemic. Leaves coriaceous, witli broad short pricllC(i.] CVIII. KUPIIORRIACE^., 137 N. S. TVales. Cabnmiatta, fVoolh; nortliward to Claronce, Hastinfjs, and Mac- lcay rivers, Inclder ; sontliward to lllawarra, Haroey ; Sydncy woods, Paris Exldhi- tion, 1854, M Arthur, n. 56. The slirub, celebrated for its parthenopjenetic propcrties, having reproduced itself from secd in European gardeiis thn)U.;h several gcnerations froni feniale plants alone without tiie intervenlion of any maie tiower.s, has been the subjeet of numerous papers by Caspary, Karsten, A. Braun, Baillon, and otliors. They have, liowcver, addod very little to tlie fiicts detailed by J. Sniith in the above quotcC. Prod. XV. ii. U^U. A tvvining- horb, attaining- several feet, inore or less hispicl with simple rigid appressed or spreading- sting-ing' hairs. Leaves petiolate, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acute, coarsely toothed, 3- or 5-nerved and broadly or deeply cordate at the base, penniveined, li to 3 in. long". Stipules small. Racemes slender, 1 to 2 in. long-. Flowers solitary in the axils of small narrow bracts, the lower ones female and distant, the upper ones male, all on very short pedicels. Male perianth-seg-ments 5, rather thick, acute, | line long-. Stamens varying- from 3 to 5, inserted within the margin of a broad disk, the filaments exceeding-ly short, the anther-cells ahnost stipitate. Female perianth-segments usually 0, more acutely acuminate than the males, but imbricate in the bud, at least 1 line long-. Styles 3, erect, and connate to above the middle, recurved at the end and entire. Capsule tridymous, densely setose or nearly glabrous, about 4 lines diameter. Queensland. Broad Sonud, B. Brown, Bowman; Brisbane river, Moreton Bay, A. (.'tiiridnfjham, Leichhardt, F. Mueller ; Locfan river, Frmer ; Rockhainpton, Dallacldj, O^t^Slicmesy, Bowman, Thozet ; Rockingham Bay, Dallachij. Like niost species of the genus, this plant is noted by 0'Shanesy as " stinging like tlie common Nettle." On L)aiUichy's labels, however, I find the memorantium " does not sting like a Nettle." Wliether there be a miid variety, or whether it loses its stiuging properties on some occasions, or whetlier there has boen some error ou tbe part of Dallachy remains to be ascertaiued. 31. MALLOTUS, Lour. (Rottlera, Eoxh.; Echiuus, Lour.) Flowers dioecions or rarely moncecious, in terminal panicles or axil- lary racemes or spikes. Male ti. : Perianth globular and closed in the bud, opening" iu 3 or 4 valvate segments. No petals or g-hmds. Staraens indefinite, usually numerous, on a central receptacle, without any rudi- mentary ovary ; iilaments free or very shortly united ; anther-cells distinct, parallel, separated by a broad connective or attached in the centre to a small connective, opening- longitudinally in 2 valves. Feniale H. : Perianth more or less deeply 3- to 5-lobed or minutely toothed and at length spathaceous. Ovary 2- or 3-celled with 1 ovule in each cell. Styles free or very shortly united at the base. spreading-, undivided, the upper or inner stigmatic surface fring-ed with raised papilUe or processes. Capsule separating- into 2-valved cocci. Seeds usuaJly giobuhjr, not carunculate ; albumen copious ; cotyledons Hat^ much broader than the radicle. — Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate or rarely opposite, petiolate, usually broad and often hirge, entire toothed or lobed, sometimes peltate, usually 3- or more-nerved at the insertion of tlie petiole witli 2 or sometimes more Hat almost immersed ghmds on the upper surface near the base, sometimes however very obscure or obsolete. Male flowers very shortly pedicellate, chistered along- the rhachis of the spikes, with a small bract under each cluster ; females usually solitary within each bract and more pedicellate. MtfUofils.] CVIII. KUPIlORBIACRi?":. 1'30 The gemis is generally spreatl ovcr tropical Asia aiul AlVica. Of the nine Austvalian species tbur are also niore or iess gcnerally sjircail over tropical Asia, exteiiJing north- wards to South Chiiia, thc othcr five aie endcniic. Lourciro's generic nanies are both oF the same date ; Muellcr Arg. preterred that of MaUotus, because Echhms is clearly inapplicable to many of the spccies, and is morcover a wcll kuown Latin naine for the hedgehog, and for the sca-urchiii. J3aillon prefcrs tho other name, but does not say for what reason he proposes to substitute it for Mallotus, previously adopted by Mueller. Anther-cells (small) separated by a broad connective. Capsules echinate with long soft processes. Leaves mostly altcrnatc. Inflorescence terminal. Capsulo prncesj-cs loiig and soft. Tomentiim of the plant soft and loose. Capsules vory deiisely echinate wilh long crowdcd processes . . . . L M. riclnoides. Tomentum close and wliite. Capsules echinate with fewer scattcred proccsses 2. M. paniculatm. Leaves oppositc. Raccmes axillary. Capsule processes setiform 3. M. claoxyloides. Anther cells centrally attachcd to a small connective. Capsules tomenlose, without piocesses. Panicles terminal. Leaves oblong or ovate-lanceolate, 3 to 6 in. long. Capsules mostly 3-celled. Leaves mostly alternate, minutely tomentose underneath. Capsules with a red tomcntum 4. 31. philippinensis. Leaves alteinate, greeu and glabrouson both sidcs, without small glands. Capsule tomentose 5. M. angustifolius. Leavesoften opposite, coriaceous, shining, glabrous except the small glands underneath. Capsules glandular, not red 6. A/. polyadenus. Leaves broadly ovate-rhomboidal. Capsules mostly 2-ceIIed, the tomentum not red 7. M. repandus. Eacemes or interrupted spikes simple, axillary at the base of the young sboots. Leaves nearly orbicular, the transverse veiulets prominent underneath 8. J/. nesophihis. Leaves ovate and acute or ovaie-lanceolate, white under- neath, the veius fine . . ' 9. J/. discolor. 1. M. ricinoides, MucU. Ar(j. in LmiKea xxxiv. 187, und in DC. Prod. XV. ii. 968. A tall shriib or spreading- tree, more or less clothed with a steUate often lloccose tomentum, soon wearing- oflt" Irom the upper surface of the leaves, often very dense on the underside as well as on the brtmches and inilorescence. Leaves broadly ovate or orbicuhir, acuminate, entire or sHohtly sinuate, either peltatel}' attached near the base, or the petiole quite basal, 3 - 5- or 7-nerved, with '2 <>-lands near the base, varying- in our specimens from 4 to 10 in. diaineter. Spikes terminal, more or less panicuhite, the central one sometimes 0 iu. long- or more, the lateral ones shorter. Flowers nearly sessile, the males clustered with occasionally a female in the same ckister, the females soHtary within their bract, and alone or with 1 or '2 males. Male perianth-seg-ments about 1 line h)ng-. Stamens about as long- and very numerous, the anthers small, very much shorter tluin the fihiments, the cells separated by a broad connective. Female perianth usually 5-cleft, but very soon concealed under the woolly ])rocesses of the ovary. Styles 8, tomentose outside, densely fring-ed and glabrous on the inner or upper surface. Capsules very densely covered with long 140 cviii. EUPHORBiACE.E. [Mallotvs. soft tomentose-villous processes, forming' a dense moss-like mass of -| in. or more in diameter. — Croton ricinohJcs^ Pers. Syn. ii. 586 ; C. molUssimus, Geisel. Crot. MonogT. 78 ; EcJiinns mollissimns, Baill. Adans. vi. 816; Mallotus pycnostachys, F. Muell. Fragm. iv. 138, and M. Zippellii, F. Muell. l.c. 139, and numerous other synonyms quoted by Muell. Arg-. l.c. Queensland. Eockingham B.ay, Dallachy ; Mount Elliott, Fltzalan. — Extends also over the Eastern Archipelago to the Philippines and South China. Persoon's and Geiseler's speciiic names both bear the same ilate, 1807. Mueller Arg. adopted the f irmer under Ihe impression that it was a year older, but 1806 is the date of Persoon's first volume onlj. Baillou gives no reason, however, t'or substituting Geise- ler's name. 2. M. paniculatus Mucll. Arrj. in Linnmi xxxiv. 189, and in DC. Prod. XV. ii. 965. A tall spreading slirub or smali tree, tlie branches inilorescence and underside of the leaves white or ferruginous with a short close stelhite sometimes ahiiost scaly tomentum. Leaves on long* petioles, oviite-rhomboid or ahnost orbicuhir, acutely acuminate, entire or obscurely sinuate or rarely lobed, not peltate, green and ghabrous on the upper surface except when very young, 3- or 5-nerved at the base with 2 ghmds, 3 to 6 in. long-. Flowers moncecious or almost dioecious, in terminal broadly pyramidal panicles of 6 in. to 1 ft., the males chistered along the branches, the females sohtary within each bract, all on very short ])edicels. Male perianth-segments about 1 hne long. Anthers small, with a broad connective as in M. ncinoides. Female perianth rather longer than the male, usuahy 5-lobed with acute or acuminate lobes. iStyles much shorter than in M. ricinoides. Capsule 3-celled, 3 to -l hnes diameter, tomentose and muricate with soft closely-tomentose processes, which are few and distant froni eacli other, not densely covering tlie whole capsule as in M. ricinoidcs. — Croton paniculatus, Lam. Dict. ii. 207 ; Mallotus chinensis, Lour., and other synonyms (pioted by Muell. Arg. hc. Queensiand. Rockin^rhani Bay, DaUachy. — Extends over theEastern Archipelago to the Pliilippines and S. China. 8. M. claoxyloides, MucU. Arg. in Linnmi xxxiv. 192, and in DC. Prod. XV. ii. 972. A tall stragghng slirub or small tree, or sometimes a handsome tree {Dallachij), the branches and fohage scabrous witli scattered stelhite hairs. Leaves opposite, but those of each pair often unequul, petiohite, mostly ovate or elhptical and acuminate, but varying from broadly-oblong to almost orbicuhir, 2 to 6 in. long, obtuse or acute, penniveined and often more or less distinctly 3-nerved at the base, green on both sides, with 2 or more ghmds near the base sometimes almost obsolete. Stipules rigidly setiform, short. Fh)wers dicecicjus, the males sessile or sliortly pedunculate in 2 or 3 dense chistors collected in a head or in a short dense or scarcely in- terru[)ted nxillar}' spike, the females 3 to 6 together in an umbei-hke clustcr on a common peduncle of i to 1 in., the pedicels at hrst short and thick, but attaining under the fruit the lengtli of the peduncle. Male perianth-segments about 1 Hne long. Stamens numerous, the anthers MalluUcs.] cviii. KuriiouniACE.Ti. 141 small witli a broad connective as in M. ricinoidfs. Female perinntli-seg-- nients lanceolate, attaining- 2 lines uniier tlie fruit. Styles ratlier short, densely fringed on tlie inner face. Capsule 3-dymous, nearly ^ in. diameter, muiicate Avith ratlier ri<^id setiform processes. — Echiiiocrotoii cliio.vi/loidcs, F. JMuell. Frai>-m. i. 82 ; Echiiiint cliio.ri//oi'lcs^ Baill. Adans. vi. 81;"); Plai/ianthcra? iij/i/ii.<, Baill. Etud. Eupli. 424. Queensland. ririsbano river, Morpton Bay, T^wsrr, IT, ///// and F. Muelfer, C- /Stiiait : liocklianipton, ]>aUac/ii/; Wide Bay, Hidicill; Lizani islauil. A. Ciiiivinrjham. N. S. 'Wales. Arclurs C\c?k, Lcichhardt ; llichmond rlver, Herb. F. Maeller. Var. ficijolia, Biiill. Leaves broader, often orbicnlar and .3- or 5 ner\'eil, entire or coarsely-toothcd. Male flowers large. — Rnckhampton, Dallachy, Bowman. Var. macrophylla. Leaves broadly ovate, acnminate, 4 to 8 iii. long, usiially 3-ncrved at the base. Stipules longcr. — Kockinghara Bay, Dallacliy. 4. M, philippinensis, Mucll. Arg. in Liinuca xxxiv. 196, and in DC. I'rod. XV. ii. 980. A tree often acquiring* a considerable size, the branches and inilorescence more or less ferrug-inous-tomentose. Leaves on long- petioles, oblong- ovate-lanceolate or ahuost ovate, acuminate or obtuse, entire, contracted or rounded and 3-nerved at the base, 8 to 6 in. long-, more coriaceons than in the preceding- species, the upperside g-labrous, with obscure g4ands near the base, the under surface pale or ferrugiuous with a minute tomentum, the principal veins ferrug-inous tomentose. Flowers diuecious, the racemes terminal or in the upper axils, the males more branched than the females, all much shorter than tlie leaves. Male perianth-segments membranous, about 1 line long*. Fihiments short, anthers rather hirg-e, the cells attached in the centre to a short connective often tipped with a red gland. Female perianth ovoid-tubuhir, 4- or 5-toothed, enclosing* the ovary. Styles short, oblong', densely fring-ed on the inuer face. Capsule tridymous, 3 to 4 lines diameter, covered vvith a red stellate tomentum Avithout any processes. Seeds nearly g-lobuhTr. — Croton philippincnsis, Lam. Dict. ii. 20G ; Echinns philippincnsisyliaiU.. Ada.ns. vi. 314; liottlcratinctoria, Roxb. Pl. Corom. ii. 36, t. 168, and other synonyms quoted by Muell. Arg-. l.c. Queensland. Brisbane river, Moreton Bay, ^l. Cunningham, F. Jlueller ; Wide Bay, Bidwill; Pine river, Fitzalan; Rockhampton, Tliozet; Roekingham and Edge- combe Bays, Dallachy. N. S.^VTales. Hastings and Ciarence rivers, Beclder, C. Moore, and otbers ; Northern woods, N. S. Wales, Jjondon Exhibition, 18G2, n. 62. The species is widely spread ovcr tropicai Asia, extending northwards to South China. 5. M. angustifolius, Bcnfh. A small tree, g-labrous, except the inHorescence and sometimes the young- shoots pubescent with short spreading- hairs. Leaves alternfite, but often crowded at the ends of the branches so as to appear opposite or verticilhite, on petioles varving" in the same cluster from under ^ in. to above 1 in. long-, oblong-elliptical or almost lanceolate, acuminate, slig-htly and irreg-uh\rly dentate, 4 to 8 in. long-, and rarely 2 in. broad, ratlier rig-id, penni- veined, g-reen on both sides without the small glands of the under surface of most MallMi. Flowers dioecious, in short sessile panicles at the ends of the branches. Bracts small, kmceohite or ovate, entire. 142 cviii. EUPHORBiACEiE. [Mallotus. Male perianth dividinj^' into 4 lobes. Stamens numerous ; anther-cells attached dorsally hy a coniiective shorter than themselves. Female perianth of" 5 imhricate acute seg^ments. Ovary villous, f3-celled. Styles united at the hase, spreading* and hifid, hut not long-. Capsule tri- dymous, tomentose, not muricate, above 4 lines diameter. Queensland. Rockiugbam Bay, Dallachy. 0. M. polyadenus, F. Mnell. Fmgm. vi. 184. A tall strag-g-ling- shruh or small tree, glahrous except a minute scaly tomentum on the intlorescence. Leaves either opposite and unequal in the pair or alternate, shortly petiolate, ohlong- elliptical or ovate-lanceolate, ohtuse or acuminate, coriaceous and sometimes shining' ahove, covered underneath with the minute g-lands of M. nc.wphilHs and of M. dlscolor, 3 to 6 in. long-, penniveined, and sometimes 3- or 5-nerved at the hase, the 2 to 4 g-lands of the upper surface very uncertain or ohsolete. Flowers sometimes moncecious, hut the two sexes in ditferent spikes or racemes, and usually on different specimens, the racemes 1 to 4 in. long- in the forks or upper axils, or forming- a terminal panicle. Male flowers clustered, the pedicels rarely 1 line long-. Filaments short. Anther-cells attached to a small connective. Female flowers solitary within the hracts, on pedicels at first short, hut leng-thening- to 2 or 3 lines. Perianth divided nearly to the hase into very small segments not enlarg-ed under the fruit. Styles recurved and closely appressed to tlie ovary, the inner or upper surface very shortly fring-ed-papillose. Ca])sule tridymous, ahout 4 lines diameter, glahrous except a few of the scale-like g-lands of the rest of the plant. Queensland. Cape York, W. Hill; Eockingham Bay, Dallachy. 7. M. repandus, Mtiell. Arg. in Limicea xxxiv. 197, aiul in BC. Prod. XV. ii. 981. A larg-e tree, tlie young- hranches inflorescence and underside of the leaves softly stellate-tomentose, witli longer hairs often intermixed. Leaves on rather long- petioles, hroadly ovate rhomhoidal or almost orhicular, acuminate, entire or obscurely sinuate- toothed, 2 to 4 in. long-, slig-htly peltate, 3- or rarely 5-nerved at the insertion of the petiole, the flat g'lands of the upper surface ohscure or ohsolete, the minute g-lands of the underside almost concealed hy the tomentum, darker and more g-lahrous ahove. Flowers dioecious, the racemes in terminal panicles, the central one in the males often 0 in. long'. Male flowers clustered, the pedicels 1 to 2 lines long-. Stamens numerous; anther-cells attached to a small connective. Female flowers (in Indian specimens) solitary within each hract, the perianth turhinate with 3 or 4 lanceolate lobes. Styles ahout 1 line long-, the inner surface very densely fring-ed. Capsule 2-celIed, ahout 4 lines broad, coriaceous, closely tomentose, without ])rocesses. Queensland. Rockhampton and Rockingham Bay, Dallachy. — The species is also W'i(l(:ly Kprcad in tropical Asia. The Aiistralian specimens are all males ; they agree Lettcr with the tomentose ones from the East Indiau l'euinsuki, than with the more glabrouB oncs from Timor and New Calcdouia. Mallotus.] cvrii. euphorbiace^. 143 8. M. nesophilus, F. Mudl. ; Muell. Arrj. iii Lhiima xxxiv. 196, and in ])C. Prod. xv. ii. 'J81. A tall slirub, the branches inflorescence and underside of the leaves whitisli or slightly fornig-inous with a close stellate tomentum. Leaves altornate, very broadly ovate or orbicuhir, mostly obtuse and entire, rarely sinuate and very shortly acuminato, the hirt;-er ones sometimes 4 in. h)n<>- on peticdes as long-, but usually about half that size, and on hiteral shoots much smaller on short petioles, 8-nerved or obscurely o-nerved at the baso, tho uppor surface vory sparing-ly tomontose or at h>ng-tli glabrous, with 2 liat glands, the inuler surfaco minutely ghmduhir, the primar}^ voins and transverse reticuhationsprominont. Flowcrs dioecious, in singlo racomos in tlio lower axils of young- shoots, tho malos 2 to 3 in. long-, with chistorod flowers on very short pedicels, the female racemes shorter, the tlowors soHtary within each bract. Stamons numerous, the anther-colls attached to a small connective. Femalo porianth narrow-turbinato, divided to about the middle into 3 or 4 lanceohite lo])es. Styles short and broad, very densely fring-ed on the inner face. Capsule covered like ihat of M. philippincnsis with an orang-e-red tomentum, but smallcr and most frequently didymous and 2-celled, rarely 3-celled. — Echinus nesophilus, Baill. Adans. vi. 314. N. Australia. Islands of the North coast, iZenne, Flood; Port T>i\,x\\'m, Sclmltz, n. 8S1 ; Port Essington, Arnixtronrf ; Ca!edou Bay, Gidliver. Queensland. Albany island, W. Hill, and Cape York, Daemel (with longer male pedicels) ; Cape Flinders, A. Cunningham. 9. M. discolor, F. Muell. A tall tree, the branches inflorescence and undorside of the leaves white with a short close tomentum, with more or less of longer hairs on the principal veins underneath. Leaves on rather long petioles, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, thinner and smoother than in M. repandus, 2 to 3 in. long-, becoming- quite glabrous on the upper side, rounded oracute and3-nerved at the base, not at all peltate, the flat giands rather prominent, the small g-lands of the under surface very numerous as in the three preceding- species. Male racemes (onlv seen on 0'Shanesy's specimens) slender, simple, 3 to 4 in. long-, in tlie lower axils of the young- shoots as in M. repandus. Flowers smaller than in that species, vory shortly pedicellate. Stamens nume- rous, the anther-cells attached to a small connective. Fomalo flowers and truits unknown. — BottJera discolor, F. Muell. in Coll. Northern Woods N.S. Wales Lond. Exhib. n. 82 j Macaranga mallotoidcs var. F. Muell. Frag-m. iv. 140. Queensland. Rockliampton (rare), 0\Shanesy; Moreton Bay, Queensland woods, Loiidon EAiihition, 1862, n. Q?,, W. Hill. N. S. Wales. Clarcnce river, Mounlain brusb forests, London Fxhibition, 1862, n. 82. Tbis plant is reduced by F. Mueller, Fragm. vi. 185, to a variety of M. repandus, from wbich, bowever, as far as the specimens go, it appears to be constantiy distinct. It must, however, remain doubtful until tbe females are known. Baiilon, Adans. vi. 317, refcrs it to Macaranfja i/ivolucrata, but he bad probably only secn tbe Exhibition speci- mens, which had no liowers. 144 cviii. EUPHORBiACE^. [Macaranga. 32. MACARAWGA, Tliou. (Mappa, A. Juss.) Flowers diwcious or rarely monoecious in axillarv or rarely terminal spikes racemes or panicles. Male 11. : Perianth «ilulmlar and closed in tlie bud, opeuing- in 8 or 4 valvate sej>ments. JVo petals or g-lands. Stamens indefinite, usuallv numerous, on a central receptacle without any rudimentary ovary ; filaments free or very shortly united ; anthers terminal, 4-lobed, 2-celled, opening* in 4 valves, or loculicidally in 2 valves. Female H. : Perianth ovoid oblong- or almost gdobular, trun- cate or shortly toothed, opening- obhquely into a broad cup or laterally into a spathe. Ovary 1-, 2- or 3-celled, with 1 ovule in each cell. Styles free or shortly united at the base, undivided, minutely papillose or fringed with processes on the inner surface. Capsule separating- into 2-valved cocci. Seeds usually g-lobuhir, not curunculate ; albumen copious ; cotyledons flat, much broader than the radicle. — Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, petiolate, usually broad and often larg-e, entire toothed or lobed, often peltate or 3- or inore nerved at the insertion of the petiole, but sometimes penniveined without lateral nerves. Male Howers clustered along- the rhachis or branches of the inflorescence, sessile or very shortly pedicellate, with an entire toothed or fring-ed bract under each cluster. Female flowers in fewer clusters and few in the cluster or solitary, the bract usually long-er than in the male, and often fring-ed or ciliate. The genus is generally spread over tropieal Asia and Africa. Of the five Australian species two are also in the Eastern Archipelago, one of them extendiiig over the greater part of East India and S. China, the other three are endemic. The genus is closely allied to Mallotus, aithough most sj^ecies difler in habit, and some have a different female perianth, or fewer stamens, or the ovary reduced to a single cell and ovule, but the only constant character is that of the anthers. Leaves oblong elliptical or lanceohite, penniveined or scarcely 3-nerved at the base. Bracts very smaii and entire. Infiorescences including the peduncle under 1 in. Ovary not muricate, 2-celled. IStyles short l. M. DaUachyi. Inflorescences 2 to 4 in. long. Ovary muricate, usually 2-celled. Styles long and filiform. Leaves mostly toothed, pale tmderneath with nnraerous mi- nute scales. Female perianth lobes lanceolate, free . . 2. M. subdentata. Leaves mostly entire, grcen underneath with few scattered minute scales. Female perianth usually spathaceous . . 3. M. inatnosna. Leaves very broad, palminerved Bracts as long as or longer than the fiowers and toothed or fringed. Leaves slightjy peltate. Stipules subulate. Ovary 1- or 2- celled 4. 31. involvcrata. Leaves deeply peltate. Stipules broad. Ovary usually 3- celled 5. 31. Tanarius. 1. M. Dallachyi, F. Mmil. A shrub variously described as small and straggling- or tall, g-hibrous except a small scaly tomentum on the inflorescence and young- brunches. Leaves elliptical or obk)ng', acu- minate, penniveined, usually with a few depressed glands on the upper Mdcarnnfjfa.] cviii. EUPiiORBlACEiE. 145 surfiice near the base, 3 to 5 in. long-, on a petiole of h to 1 in. Male spikes onh^ seen in one specinicn intorniixed with tlie feinales, !, to 1 in. long-. Bracts and tiowers ver}- sniall, but the anthers entirely those of J/ar(ira»/ja, Periantli-seg-nients usually '3, about i line hing-, glabrous or sj)rinkkHl with a very few scales. Female Howers 2 to 4 tog-ether abnost clustered on axiUary peduncles varying- from |^ to 1 in. Bracts small, entire. Perianth short and cuj)-.shaped, opening- laterally or rarely in 2 lobes. Ovary 2-celled, scaly-tomentose, without processes. Styles linear, thickened at the base, not fring-ed, rather acute, about 1 line long-. — Mallotun DaUachyi, ¥. Muell. Frag-m. vi. 184 j Echinus DaUacht/anus, Baill. Adans. vi. 314. Queensland. Rockitijrhara bay, Dallachij. — The spocimens examined by Baillon hMil teuiale Howers only, but with them weie loose male flowers and veniains of spikes whith belong probably to Mullotus polyadenus, thence Baillon's mistakc in referring M. Dallachyi to Mallotus. 2. M. subdentata, Bcnth. A shrub or small tree, g-labrous except a minute scaly tomentum on the inflorescence and young- shoots. Leaves oblong- narrow-elliptical or lanceolate, acuminate, irreg-ularly sinuate-toothed or rarely ahnost entire, penniveined, green on both sides but paler underneath from the minute scales they are more or less covered with, 3 to 9 in. long-, on petioles varying- from | to 1 in. Male llowers not seen. Female peduncles axiUary, elongated, but much shorter than the leaves, bearing- 2 to 5 flowers, of which 1 or 2 sessile or nearly so, and 2 or 3 on long- pedicels. Perianth of 4 or 5 narrow- lanceolate seg-ments scarcely 1 line long- and quite distinct from the base. Ovary and capsule usually 2-celled, scaly-tomentose and shortly echinate. Styles filiform, scarcely thickened at the base, often above \ in. long. Queensland. Rockingham bay, Dallachy. — Very near M. inamcena, -with which I had probably confounded it in the specimens of F. Mueller's collection first examined. After having returned them I received the specimens now described, which appear to me to be too distinct in the feraale perianth as well as in the foiiage to be left as a mere variety. The two forms, however, require further comparison in both sexes. 3. M. inamoena, F. Miuil. A tall shrub or small tree, the branches foliag"e and inflorescence scabrous-pubescent, the short hairs scarcelv or irreg-ularly stellate. Leaves oblung- or narrow-elliptical, acuminate, entire, penniveined, gTeen on both sides, the small g-Iands underneath few and scattered, 3 to 5 in. long- on a petiole of ^ to 1 in. Male spikes in the upper axils or several tog-ether at the ends of the branches, 2 to 4 in. long-, the flowers clustered within small broad densely tomentose bracts, the clusters at length distant along- the rhachis. Perianth- seg:ments about f line long-. Stamens 20 to 30. Female peduncles axillary or lateral, elong-ated, bearing- sometimes 3 pedicellate flowers at the end with another occasionally lower down, sometimes dichoto- nious with 1 to 3 flowers at the end of each branch. Pedicels at first very short, lengthening to from i^ to 1 in. Perianth of 4 or 5 narrow linear scgments 1 to 2 Unes long-, united in a spathaceous calyx splitting open on one side (or rarely in the u})permost tlower separate ?). Ovary VOL. VI. L 146 cviii. EUPHORBiACE^. [3facaranffa. and capsule nsually S-celled, rarely 8-celled, echinate. Styles long- and slender, tbickened at the base, attaining- sometimes b Imes.— Mallotus inamoemis, F. Muell. Herb. Queensland. Kockingham Bay, BaUachy. 4. M. involucrata, Baill. Etvd. Eiqih. 432. A tree attaininfi: some- times 50 to 60 ft., but often small and strag-o-ling-, the branches in- florescence and underside of the leaves softly pubescent. Leaves broadly ovate-rbomboidal, acuminate, entire or slightly sinuate and denticuhite, usually slig-htly peltate, 3- 5- or 7-nerved, with 2 to 4 flat g-Jands on the upper side, 3 to G in. long- and sometimes as broad, on a petiole of 2 to 3 in. Slipules subulate. Male spikes in axillary panicles not much branched and shorter than the leaves, the flowers ahnost sessile, in dense clusters within an oblong- or ovate toothed bract of about 2 Hnes. Perianth-segments about f line long, villous outside. Stamens 10 to 15. Female inflorescence simple or nearly so, the peduncle axillary or lateral, shorter than the leaves, with a single terminal or several distant clusters. Bracts broadly ovate or cordate, acute, toothed, often h in long-. Perianth sessile, short, broadly and obUquely cup-shaped. Ovary 1- or 2-celled, more or less muricate with soft processes. Styles 1 or 2, long', glabrous, fring-ed on the upper side. Fruit (as yet unripe in our specimens) g-lobular, l-celled and 1-seeded, losing- the processes of the ovary and sometimes cjuite g-labrous and smooth. — Muell. Arg-. in DC. Prod. XV. ii. 1011 ; Urtica involncrata, Eoxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 592 ; Macaramia mallotoides, F. Muell. Fragm. iv. 139; 31. asterolasia, F. Muell. l.c. 140, Baill. Adans. vi. 317. Queensland. Endeavour river, ^. CunnivgJiam ; Fort MoWe, M'GilUvray; Tiock- ingbam Bay anJ Mount Elliott, Dallachy ; Cape Yoik, Daemti. — The species is al.so in the Eastern Archipelago, but not in Bengal, exccpt as cultivated in the Calcutta Garden. 5. M. Tanarius, 3Iuell. Arg. in DC. Prod. xv. ii. 997. A tall erect shrub, glabrous or the young- parts minutely pubescent in the typical form, the branches and petioles often very glaucous. Leaves peltate, very broadly ovate or orbicular, acuminate or rarely obtuse, entire or obscurely sinuate, from 3 to 4 in. to nearly 1 ft. diameter, pale or almost canescent underneath, with about9nerves radiating- from the top of the long- petiole, penniveined from the larg'er nerves with transverse veinlets. Stipules ovate-lanceolate, acute, ^ in. long-, with broad membranous margins. Male panicles often much branched but shorter than the leaves, the flowers pedicellate in the clusters. Bracts ovate- lanceohite, concave, 2 to 3 lines long-, fringed with long- cilia. Perianth- segments scarcely ^ line long*. Female peduncles simple, bearing' few chisters. Perianth obHcjuely cup-shaped. Bracts ovate-cordate, often 4 to 6 lines long", deeply fringed. Ovary muricate with g-labrous entire or bifid processes. Styles rather long-, papillose or shurtly fring-ed. Capsule 3-celled, coriaceous, shortly and sparingly muricate, aboiit 4 Hnes diameter. — Micirms Tanarius, Linn. ; 3lappa tanaria, Spreng*. Syst. iii. 878. Macarayiga.] CVlll. EUPIlouniACEiE. 147 N. Australia. Port Essington, ArmMrong, Leichhardt. Queensland. Noitliumlmrlaml islaiuls, li. Brnwn ; riowick'8 Gronp, F. Mncllcr; Porl DtMiisoii and Roci^in.irhain Bay, Dalla hi/, Fit-alan ; iiroail Somul aml licad of Isaacs rivcr, Bowmnn ; Rockliamplon, Thozd; Moruton liay, W. Jliil, F. Jlueller ; Liverpool riv(>r, Gulliver. N. S. TVales. Tweed river, Guilfoyle. Var. tomcnto.ia, Mnoll. Arg. Leavcs softly tomcntosc. Capsnles rathcr larger.— Rockinghani l^>ay, Dnllach;/. The species extends ovcr East India and tlie Archipchigo northward to Soutli (Jhina. 33. CODIiEUM, Rumph. Flowers usually monoecious in axillary or terminal racemes. Male fl. : Calyx of 5 or 0 membranous segments mucli imbricate in the 1)ud. Petals 5 or 0, very short. Glands as many as petals, alternating- with them. Stamens indefinite, inserted on a slig-htly raised receptacle, without any rudimentary ovary ; anthers with the cells divaricate or placed back to back and contluent at the top. Female tl. : Calyx- seg-ments tliicker or hirger than in the males. Disk o])scurely k)bed. Ovary 3-celled, with 1 ovule in each cell. Styles free, spreading- or recurved, undivided. Capsule g-lobular, separating- into 0-valvedcocci. — Shrubs or trees, quite g-hibrous. Leaves alternate, petiolate, entire. Flowers small, the males usually chistered but few together, the females solitary within each bract in separate racemes, or, iu a species not AustraUan, at the base of the male raceme. The genus comprises a few species frora East India and the Archipelago, inchiding the only Australian one which, if correctly identified, has a wide range over the whole area, but in some places perhaps cnltivated only. 1. C. variegatum, Blume; mr. moluccanum, Mnell. Arfj. vi DC. Prod. XV. ii. 1119. A tall shrub or small tree, quite g-hibrous. Leaves from obovate-oblong" to narrow elUptical or oblong'-spathulate, 4 to 8 in. long', on petioles of ^ to 1 in., penniveined, g^reen on both sides or especially in the typical form blotched or varieg-ated with white. Flowers in long- axillary or lateral racemes, and usually a male and female ra- ceme in the same axil, the former long-er than the latter. Male flowers iu clusters of 2 to 6, on pedicels of 1 to 2 lines. Calyx-seg-ments nearly orbicular and nearly 1 line diameter. Petals usually not above ^ as long- as broad, or sometimes rather longer than broad, slig-htly dentate. Glands about the same leng^th, broad, thick and truncate. Stamens about 20. Female flowers on thick pedicels of 1 to 4 lines. Calyx- segments shorter and thicker than in the males. Disk o])scurely lol3ed. Styles short thick and recurved. Capsule glabrous and smooth, 3 to 4 lines diameter. — C. obomtum, Zoll. ; Baill. Adans. vi. 303 ; C. moluccaniim, Dcne. Herb. Tim. Descr. 157. Queensland. MoTnit Eiliott and Seaview Kange, Rockinghara Bay, Dallachy. — Thc same variety also in Timor and .lava, and tho species widely spread over East India and the Archipclago, bnt often cnltivated only. I do not feel, however, certain that Mneller Arg. is riglit in referring this broad-leaved Anstralian form to the real C. varicgntiim {C. chrysosficton, Sprcng Syst. iii. 865, C. pictum, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3051, and other synonyms given by Mned. Arg. 1. c). For althougli there is not always much difference in the breadth of the leaf, the general siiapc is not the same, l2 148 cviii. EUPHORBiACEJE. [Coditeum. and the styles are much shorter and thicker in this broad-leaved form than in the common C. vanegatum. 34. BALOGHIA, Endl. Flowers dioecious or monoecious, in unisexual short terminal racemes. Male fl. : Calyx 4- or 5-lobed, the lobes imbricate in the bud or very short. Petafs as many as calyx-lobes. Disk with a thick raised undu- late or irreg-ularly lobed border. Stamens indefinite, the filaments shortly united or "inserted on a raised or conical central receptacle or column without any rudimentary ovary ; anthers dorsally attached, with 2 distinct parallel cells opening- outwards and longitudinally in 2 valves. Female fl. : Calyx petals and disk as in the males- Ovary 3-celled, with 1 ovule in each cell. Styles 3, distinct or shortly united at the base, spreadino-, deeply divided into 2 branches (at least in the Australian species). Fruit g-lobular, the exocarp often fleshy or succulent, the endocarp rather liard, separating- into 3 2-valved cocci. Seeds ob- long, with a small carunculus ; albumen copious, cotyledons flat, long-er than and at least twice as broad as the radicle. — Trees or shrubs, g-labrous except sometimes the flowers. Leaves opposite or alternate, coriaceous, flnely veined. Flowers few, not small, the racemes some- times almost reduced to umbels ; bracts very deciduous, with 1 flowcr within each. The genus contains biit few species, chiefly from New Caledonia, including the two found also in Australia. Mueller Arg. reduces it to a section of Codueum, but the habit, inflorescence, perinntli aiid stamens, and perhaps the styles, are quite different. Bailion thinks it scarcely distinct from Bicinocar^ms, but besides tlie habit, the embryo is that of the Orotonece, not of the Beyeriece. Leaves opposite. Petals glabrous 1. ^. Ivcida. Leaves alternate or scattered. Petals densely woolly tomentose inside 2. £. Pancheri, 1. B. lucida, E/kIL Prod. Fl. Norf. 84, and Icomgr. t. 122, 123. A tall shrub or small tree, perfectly glabrous. Leaves opposite, very shortly petiolate, oblong- obovate-oblong or elliptical, obtuse or obtusely acumi- nate, rig-idly coriaceous and shining, the primary veins numerous, fine but prominent, transverse and anastomosing-. Flowers few tog-ether in short loose sessile terminal racemes, the males and females usually on separate branches, but sometimes the lower 1 or 2 pair feniiile and the upper 2 or 3 pair males ; the pedicels opposite, \ to -^in. long-, solitary in the axils of very small bracts. Calyx deeply divided into 5 hinceohite lobes, varying- to 4 only in the males, or rarely to 6 in the females, 2 to 2^^ lines long. Petals oblong or hmceohite, nearly twice as long-. Disk in both sexes with a thick irreg-uhirly lobod undulate marg-in. Stamens numerous, the filaments very shortly united in a conical or oblong' cohunn or receptacle. Styles divided ahnost to the base into 2 branclies. Cnpisule hard, g-lobular, | to | in. diamcter, somewhat tridymous, with a furrow bordered by 2 narrow ridges on tlie back of each coccus. — Codimim hicidum, MuelL Arg-. in DC. Prod. xv. ii. 1110. Queensland. Kockingham Bay, Dallachy ; Rockhamjjton, 0'/Shanesy; Moreton Bay, P. Mmllcr. Baloghia.] cviii. EUPHORBiACEiE. 149 N. S. TVales. Hastini;s aiui Macleay rivers, Beckler ; Clarence and Richmoiul riveis, C Jloorr, Loiidon Krliihition 18G2, n. 46 ; Illawarra, A. Cunningham, McArthur; Sytlney woods, Pari>i Exhibition 1807, n. 185; Lord IIowe's island, Milne. The species is also in Noriblk Ishind and in New Caledonia. 2. B. Pancheri, Buill. Adans. ii. 214. A slender tree of 60 to 60 ft., g^lubrous except tlie tlowers. Lcavos iilto.rnate or here and there opposite, c-rowded at tlie end of the brauches, obovate or obovate-oblon<^-, obtuse, coriaceous, of a shinino- ^reen, prominently veined as in B. lucida, but the veins much more oblique, l^ to 3 in. long-. Male Howers in very short terminal sessile racemes ahnost reduced to an uml)el. Pedicels slender, o-labrous, 3 to 4 lines lono-. Calyx broadly cuj)-shaped, very shortly sinuate-lobed or almost truncate and sometimes irregularly splittino-, tomentose on the marg-in. Petals nearly 3 lines long-, g-labrous outside, but the inner or upper surface very densely covered with a soft white loose tomentum or wool. Stamens indefinite but rather fewer than in B. lucida, the central column more prominent and tomentose- villous, the free part of the tilaments g-Iabrous or nearly so. Female llowers and fruits unknown to me, but described by Baillon as having; the g-eneric character. — Codiceum Pancheri, Muell. Arg-. in DC. Prod. XV. ii. 1117. Queensland. Scrubs near Kilcoy, Herh. F. Maeller, the collector not named, a singlo speciinen agreiing precisely with a specimen in Herb. Hook. from New Cale- douia, where the specimens were gathered on which the species was founded. 35. CARUMBIUM, Reinw. (Omalanthus, A. Juss. ; Wartmannia, Muell. Arg.) Flowers monoecious, in terminal racemes. Male fl. : Perianth small, at first irreg-ularly truncate or shortly lobed, often dividing- into 2 broad lobes. No g-Iands or petals. Stamens few, inserted on a central re- ceptacle, without any rudimentary ovary ; filaments free ; anther-cells distinct, divaricate or placed back to back, opening long^itudinally in 2 valves. Female perianth nearly similar to the male, usually deciduous. Ovary 2-ceIIed, with 1 ovule in each cell. Styles 2, linear, diverg-ent, undivided, pa])iIIose on the inner surface. Capsule compressed, didy- mous, somewhat tieshy, indehiscent or tardily opening- in 2 valves along- the back of the cocci. Seeds with a fleshy arillus or carunculus. — Glabrous trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, petiolate, broad, entire. Stipules membranous, often larg-e but very deciduous. Flowers very small, the males in small clusters occupying the g-reater part or the whole of the raceme, the females solitary within each bract, one or few at the base of some of the male racemes, or alone. The genus has but few species, limited to the Indian Archipelago and the ishinds of the South Pacitic. Of the two Australiau specics, one ranges geuerally over the area of the genus, the other is endemic. Capsule quite smooth. Secds half-enveloped in a fleshy arillus. Bracts with 2 large glands 1. C. populifolium. Capsule bearing usually 2 to 6 short conical processes or tubercles. Seeds with a thick tieshy caruuculus. Bi-acts with villous glands 2. C. stiUingiaafolium. 160 cviii. EUPHORBiACE^. [CarumMum. 1. C. populifolium, Erinw.; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. part ii. 414. A tall sliriilj or sniall tree, quite o-labrous. Leaves broadly ovate-triaiigular or rhomboidal, acuminate, g-laucous, prominently penniveined and often turning- red underneath, 2 to 4in. or on luxuriant shoots 6 in. long, and often as broad, on petioles usually about the same leng-th. Stipules lanceolate, -1 to 1 in. long", but so deciduous as to be rarely seen except on the very young- shoots, which being- usually at the base of the inilo- rescence, these stipules have been described as barren bracts. Racemes 1 to 4 in. long'. Bracts small, entire or denticulate, with 2 larg-e glands at their base. Male flowers 3 to G together, on pedicels of 1 or rarely 2 lines. Perianth when youn<^ broadly cup-shaped and entire, expanding' horizontally to a diameter of 1 to l-i lines, nearly flat and often splitting- on one side or into 2 unecpuil lobes, and when pressed hiterally in dry- ing' appearing' often 2-auriculate at the base. Stameus 6, or fewer in the lateral flowers. Female flowers few at the base of the raceme, on pedicels varying- from ^ to 1 in. Perianth hke that of the males, but very deciduous. Capsule glaucous, didymous, 4 to 5 lines broad, open- ing- very tardily along- the marg-ins or back of the cocci. Seeds more or less enveloped in a fleshy arillus or carunculus. — C. populneuni, Muell. Arg-. in DC. Prod. xv. ii. 1144, with the synonyms adduced ; C. Sieberi, Muell. Arg*. in Linna?a xxxii. 85, and in DC. Prod. xv. ii. 1145, Baill. Adans. vi. 320; C. plat^neiiron, Muell. Arg-. in DC. l.c; C. paUidiim, Muell. Arg. in Linnrea xxxii. 85 ; Onudanthus pvpuUfolius, Grah. in Bot. Mag-. t. 2780, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 32. Queensland. Shoalwater Bay, E. Broun ; Moreton Bay, F. 3IueUer ; Crocodile Creek, Bovman; Eockhampton and Eockiiigham F^ay, Dallachy. N. S. 'Wales. Port Jackson to the Blue Moimtains, E. Brown, Sieber, n. 640, and others ; northward to Hastings, Clarence, and Kichmond rivers, Beckler, Hender- son, and others ; southward to Illawarra, where tlie reddish tiut ot' the young shoots gives a peculiar character to the aspect ot' some of the valleys, A. Cunninglium, Lowneg ; Twofold Bay, F. Mueller. ■Victoria. Eastern extremity of Gipps' Land, F. Mueller. The species is spread over the Eastern Archipelago, and some of the Pacific islands. I am uuable to distinguish even as varieties the three forms described as species by Mueller Arg. in the Frodromus. The foliage is exceedingly variable in size and consis- tence according to age and luxuriance. 2. C. stillingiaefolium, Baill. Adans. vi. 325. A g-labrous shrub of 4 or 5 ft. rarely g-rowing out into a small tree, tlie branches and foliag-e much more sh-nder than in C. popuUfolium. Leaves broadly ovate- triang-ular or almost rhomboidal, usually acute but scarcely acuminate, whitish or glaucous underneath, 1 or 2 in. long', on a ])etiole sometimes shorter sometimes longer tlian the lamina. Stipules of C. populifolium, but, like the leaves, smaller. Racemes very slender, 1 to 2 in. long". Bracts ovate and acute or lanceohite and acuminate, without any or with very small glands, and sometimes borne with the cluster on a short peduncle. Male pedicels flliform, i to above 1 line long-, the flowers very small. Female flowers few at the base of the raceme, on pedicels of \ in. or more. Capsule about 3 lines broad, usually but not always muricate with a few very short conical processes, rather more CaniniMum.] cviii. EUPHORBiACEiE. 151 readily dehiscent than that of C. populifolium. Seeds with a short fleshy caruncuhis. — Onmlanthus stiUiiujifefoUns, F. Muell. Fraocm. i. 32 ; Wartnmimia stillinf/ifejolia, Muell. Arg. in DC. Prod. xv. ii. 1147. Queensland. Brisbane river, Moreton Bay, A. Cunningham, Fraaer, F. Mueller. N. S. Wales. New Engiand, C. Stuart ; Manniug river, C. Muore. This species, so closeiy resembling C. popullfolium in general habit and characters, has been generically distinguished by Mneller Arg. chiefly on accoiint of the appendage of tbe seed, supposed to l)e in one acarunculus, in the other a true arillus. Although so different iii size these appendages are shown by Baillon to be in botli spccies of the eame nature aud origin. 3G. SEBASTIANIA, Spreng. (Gymnanthes, Sw. ; Microstachys, A. Juss. ; Elachocroton, F. 31uell.) Flowers mouoecious, in terminal or leaf-opposed racemes or spikes. Male tl. : Perianth smull, variouslv divided into 2 or 3 lobes or seg-ments imhricate in the bud or open. No petals or g-lands. Stamens 2 or 3, inserted on a central recejitacle without any rudimentary ovary ; fihi- ments free ; anther-cells distinct, divaricate or phxced back to back, opening- longitudinally in 2 valves. Female perianth of 3 segments. Ovary 3-celled, with 1 ovule in each ceU. Styles 3, linear, undivided, free or very shortly connate at the base. Capsule separating in 2-valved cocci, leaving a central persistent axis. Seeds ovoid or ob- long, carunculate. — Shrubs trees or (in the Australian species) annual or sulfrutescent herbs. Leaves alternate, often minutely serrulate. Male liowers 2 or 3 together in clusters occupying the g-reater part or the vvhole of the raceme, females usually soHtary or few at the base of the spike. The geuus is rather a large ona in America, with a single species spread over tropical Asia and Africa, which is also the only Australian one. Baillon unites the genus with Fxccecaria, to which it is certainly iiearly allied, but the presence of the carunculus on the seed is accompanied by some differences in the habit and flowers, which appear to justify the separation. 1. S. chamelaea, MiirU. Arr/. in DC. Prod. xv. ii. 1175. An annual or perennial, with a hard woody base and erect or ascending- branchin^ virgate stems of 1 to l^ ft., glabrous and often ghiucous. Leaves oblong-Unear narrow-elliptical or lanceohate, mostly obtuse, minutely serrulate, 1 to 2 in. long, tapering into a very short petiole. Male sjnkes slender, 1 to 1| in. long, mostly leaf-opposed. Bracts very small, acute, with 2 larg-e more or less stipitate g-lands sometimes as long as the point of the bract. Flowers 1 or 2 within each bract. Perianth- seg-ments about \ line long-. Stamens 3, ahnost exserted. Female flcnvers usually soUtary at the base of the male spike or lateral on the brauch without any males, rarely 2 or 3 together within a separate bract, the bracts and periantlis rather larg-er than in the males. Styles undivided, not very lung-. Capsule ovoid-truncate, tridymous, about 3 Unes lonj^, sometimes ([uite smootli but more frequently with 2 Unes of prominent glands or conical processes on the back of each coccus. — 152 cviii. EUPHORBiACE^, [Sebostiania. Tratjia chamelmi, Linn. ; ExccBcaria chavwlaa, Baill. Adans. vi. 323; Elachocroton asprrococciis, F. Muell. in Hook. Kew Journ. ix. 1?. N. Australia. Islands of the Gulf of Carpeiitaria, B. Brown, Henne ; Victoria river, /'. Muelkr ; Goulbum islands, A. Cunningham ; Port Darwin, iSchuUz, n. 539; Beagle Bay, N.W. Coast, Hvghan. Queensland. Endcavour river, ^-1. Cunningham ; Baines creek, F. Mveller ; Con- nor'sand Bowen rivers, Bowman; Eockiiigham Bay, iJallachy; CapeYork, M^GilUvray. This, the onlj Old "World species, is widely spread over tropical Asia and Afriea, but does not extend to America. 37. EXC-SICARIA, Linn. Flowers monoecious or dioecious, in terminal or axillary racemes or spikes. Male 11. : Perianth of 3 or 2 very srnall segments. No petals or g-lands. Stamens 3 or 2, forming' almost the Avhole tiower, without any rudimentary ovary ; fihunents free or shortly united at the base ; anther-cells distinct, j)Laced Laek to back, opening- longitudinally in 2 valves. Female li, : Perianth usually more distinctly 3-lobed or 3-partite than the male. Ovary 3- or 2-celled, with 1 ovule in each ceil. Styles linear, undivided, free or shortly united at the base. Capsule dividing- into 2-valved cocci, or (in species not Australian) somewhat tleshy and ahnost indehiscent. Seeds g-lobular or ovoid, without any carunculus. Albumen copious ; cotyledons flat, much broader than the radicle. — Trees or shrubs, with a very acrid milky juice. Leaves alternate, entire or crenulate. Flowers very small, the males clustered 2 or 3 together along- the rhachis of the raceme or spike, or sometimes solitary within each bract. Stamens exserted. The females in separate shorter racemes, or in species not Australian at the base of the male racemes or spikes. The genug, il' taken to inelude Sopiinn, is generally spread over the tropical regions of both the New and tbe Old World. Of the three Australian species or varieties, one is coinmon on the sea-coasts of tropical Asia, the other two are endemic. Leaves obovate or broadly elliptical, obtuse, eutire or crenate, 2 to 3 in. long 1. E. Agallocha. Leaves ovate-lanceolate or ovate, obtusely acuminate, crenate, 1 to 3 iu. long 2. E. Dallachyana. Leaves narrow-oblong, very obtuse, entire, 4 to 1 in. long . . 3. E. ])arvifolia. 1. E. Agallocha, Limi. ; Mzicll. Arg. in DC. Prod. xv. ii. 1220. A small tree, quite glabrous. Leaves mostly obovate or broadly elliptical, obtuse or shortly and obtusely acuminate, rounded or cou- tracted at the base, entire or somewhat crenate, thick and shining when old, 2 to 3 in. long' on a petiole of \ to | in. Spikes or racemes usually in the axils of the previous year's leaves or at the old nodes, solitary or 2 or 3 together, 1 to 1|- in. long. Male liowers rather crowded, the bracts ratlier thick, with two more or less distinct glands inside at the base. W ithin the bract the 2 or 3 stamens are supported on a siiort stipes, with a small lanceolate scale on each side at the base, and two or three stUl smaller alternating- with the tilaments, which are from :j to 1 line long. Female iiowers in siiort racemes on separate specimens, E.vcr('curiai\ cviii. EUPiionBiACE^. l-"j'3 the pedicels 1 to 2 lines long-. Perianth of 3 small acute rather thick lobos. Capsule tridymous, about 3 lines diameter. • N. Australia. Islands of the Gulf of Carpcntaria, li. Brown, Sweerg; salt- water lianks of Victoria river, F. Mueller ; Goulburn island, A. Cunningham ; Port Darwii), .SchuHz, n. 597, 677. Queensland. Coiiimoii alonj^ the coast from Rockhampton and Broad Soiind to Cape York, Dallachi/, Bowman, M'GiUivra>j, and others. This spccics appcars to bc a coramou raaritime tree in tropical Asia. 2. "E. Dallachyana, Baill. Adans. vi. 324, as a var. of E. Af/aUocha. Nearl}' allied to E. At/aUucha, and perhaps really only an inhind variety. Leaves ovate-hmceohite or ovate, obtusely acuminate, crenate, 1 to 3 in. long-, less coriaceous and the veins more prominent and reticuhite underneath. Flowers both male and female apparentl}'' the same as in E. AfjuUocha. Queensland. Burnett river, F. Mueller ; Rockhamptnn, common, always in tlie scrub, Dallachij, Bowman, Thozet. 3. E. parvifolia, MncU. Arg. in Flnra 1864, 433, and in DC. F 1-0(1. xvii. 1221. Very nearly allied to E. Agallocha, and reduced by Baillon like the lastto a variety of that species, with narrow oblong- very obtuse entire leaves of ;| to 1 in., tapering- into a short petiole. The male racemes are also smaller. ^^ to 1 in. long'. Female ilowers and fruit unknown. N. Australia. Common round the Gulf of Carpentaria, E. Brown, F. Maeller, Landshorough,- — " Gutta-percha tree" of the latter. OiiDER CIX. UETICE^. Flowers unisexual or very rarely polygamous. Perianth simple and calyx-like, of 3 to 5 segments (rarely reduced to 1 or 2) imbricate or induplicate-valvate in the bud. Stamens in the males as many as perianth-segments, and opposed to them, very rarely fewer or more ; filaments short and erect or longer and inflexed in the budj anthers usually with 2 parallel cells opening long-itudinally. Ovary in the females free or rarely more or less adnate to the perianth, 1-ceIIed. Style simple or more or less deeply divided into 2 branches or 2 distinct styles, stig-matic in the upper portion, or sometimes the style reduced to a sessile fringed or tufted stigma. Ovule 1, erect and orthotropous, or laterally attached and amphitropous, or pendulous and anatropous, the micropyle always superior. Fruit (of each separate Hower) a small berry drupe nut or indehiscent utricle, and sometimes the fruits of a whole inliorescence united in a succulent s^^ncarp, sur- rounding' or subtended by or enclosed in a Heshy receptacle. Seed with a membranous testa, with or without albumen. Emljryo straig'ht curved or spirally involute, the cotyledons tlat or folded, the radicle superior. — Trees slirubs or herbs very varied in habit and foliag-e. Leaves alternate or opposite, entire toothed or rarely divided, pen- niveined and often 3-nerved. Stipules present, but usually very 154 CIX. URTICE-E. deciduous. Flowers small, in cymes clusters or heads, rarely solitary, the clusters or heads often racemose or })anicuh^te, the receptacle of the lieads very variously shaped and often bordered by an involucre of small bracts. A Yery large Order, spreaJ over the New and the Old World, chiefly tropical, but a few specjes extending into teroperate regions, b(3th in the northern and the southern heniisphere, a verj few only to be met witli in cold climates. Of tlie seventeen Australian genera, eight have the general distribution of the Oi-der, seven are generally spread over the Iiidian Archipelago, mostoftheni extending more or less over tropical Asia and Africa^ and the Pacific islands, one, Pseudomorus, appears only to be found out of Aus- tralia in New Caledonia and Norfolk island, and one, Australina, only iu New Zealand and in tropical Africa. Not one is endemic in Australia. Some important groups of this Order have not yet been worked np for the Prodromus, the subjoii.ed tribes aiid their characters have therefire reference chiefly to the few Australian genera ; the Urticeas proper liave, however, been very carefully monographed by Weddeil. He gives the name of c^»toZi7/<# to certain calcareous concretions under the epidemiis of the leaves, which, when linear, assume in the dried specimens the aspect of appressed superficial hairs, althougli really within the substance of tbe leaf. 1 he form of these cystoliths has in some Urticeffi been made use of as a specific character, but they are, I believe, dot-like in all the Australian species. Tribe 1. Celtidese. — Flowers ojten poliiga,moiis,inaxiUarii orlatercd cymes. Fila- vujits short, ercct or sUghthj incurved in the hud. Stijles or style-hranches 2, equuL Oivile pendulous. Emhryo curved, the cotyhdons often foUlcd over the incwnbent radicle. Trecs or ahrubs. Flowers polygamous, the fertile ones freqnently herraaphrodite. Peri.mth-segments imbricate in the bud. Style-brancbes (or styles) linear-oblong or dilated, truncate or 2-lobed 1. Cei.tis. Flowei-s polygamous, the fertile cnes frequently bermaphrodite. Male perianth-segments induplicate-valvate. Style-branches (or styles) siiort, involute and persistent on the smaJl finiit ... 2. Tkema. Flowcrs unisexual (moncecious). Perianth-segments imbricate in the bud. Style-branches (or styles) subolate 3. Aphananthe. 1 EiBE 2. Artocsirpese.—Flowers unisexual in dense sjyikes or heads, or crowded on orinclosed in to 1 in 29. F. opposita. Leavcs of the flowering branches obovate, 2 to 3 in. long, petioles very short SO. F. scobina. Sect. 3. Covellia. — Mah perianfh ofS or A hroad segments enveloping each other, enclo^ing l hirgc anther with distinct crlh. Female perianth vertj small or more rarely exceeding the stipcs of the ovarg. iSti/le glabrous, short, with a peltate or ohlicjue stigma. Leaves usually lurge. 6'tipular scar promiucnt. licceptaclcs chiejiy on the old loood. Leaves all opposite. Eeceptaclcs | to 1 in. diameter, not ribbed 31. i^. hispida. Leaves all or mostly alternate. Eeceptacles about 4 in. dia- metcr, Gribbed. Leaves scabrous, 4 to 10 in. long. Young shoots pubescent or hispid 32. F. fascicidata. Leaves 3 to 4in., glabrous and smoothaswell as the branches 33. F. casearia. Leaves all alternate, glabrous and smooth. Receptacles 1 to 14 in. diaractcr, not ribbed. Stigma oblique 34. F. glomerata. Miquel, in the Journ. Bot. Neerl. 1861, 234, mentions his U. stipidosum, Miq., aa from Hastings river, Beckler. I can find nothing in Beckler's coilections which I am able to refer to the Philippine island plant originally described as U. stipulosum, and entered as Ficiis stipulosa in the Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. iii. 287. Miqucl has also in the Journ. Bot. Neerl. 1861, 240, described au Urostigma? suhglaucinum from Rock- hampton, of which he had seen leaves only, and doubts its belonging to the genus. It is therefore omitted from the enumeration in the Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. There is, however, a Ficus Fitzalani, Miq. in Journ. Bot. Neerl. 1861, 242, from Cape Cleveland, Fitzalan, which he has included in the Annales although described also from leaves only. I find nothing amongst Fitzaian's plants in F Mueller's collection answering to the description nearer thau some of the forms o^ F. platypoda, but they have more numerous veins than are mentioned by Miquel, and no Ficus can be satisfactorily identified without the fructification. Sect. I. Urostigma. — Male perianth of 3 lobes or seg-ments (except in F. colossea). Stamen 1 ; antlier-cells distinct or more fre- quently confluent at the apex. Female perianth of 4 or 5 rarelj 6 lobes or seg-ments. Stigma undivided, elong-ated, acute, filiform, or slig-htly broader towards the base. Leaves alternate, entire, usually coriaceous, g-Iabrous or softlj pubescent or villous, not at all or scarcelj scabrous. Receptacles usuallj axillarj. 1. P, colossea, F. Mucll. Herb. A tree "attaining- more than 100 ft. with immense abutments and a spreading- head, and therefore named Abhcy-trec bj the colonists," the joung- shoots, petioles, and underside of the leaves densely and sofllj pubescent or villous. Leaves alternate, ovate cordate, acuminate, entire, mostlj 4 to 6 in. long- and 3 to 4 in. broad, minutelj pubescent, and at length nearlj g-labrous on the upper surface, the primarj veins rather distant, pro- minent underneath as well as some of the transverse veinlets, the basal pair not verj prominent. Petioles 1 to l^in. long-. Receptacles, onlj seen loose and their attachment not noted, turbinate-g"Iobose, 6 to 8 lines diameter, shortlj pubescent, on peduncles of 1 to 2 lines. Flowers within the receptacle intermixed with hairs or sctae about as M 2 164 cix. URTiCE^. [Ficus. long' as the perianths, which are brown as well ns the hracts. Male flowers very numerous. Perianth stipitate, with 5 or 0 ovate or oblonf^- obtuse lobes. Stamen 1, the anther exserted, with 2 distinct parallel cells, the connective often slig-htly produced beyond thera. Female llowers nearly sessile. Perianth-seo-ments 5 (or G ?) nearly equaL Style very slender, with a filiform stig-ma, slightly dilated towards the base. Queensland. Herbert river, Kockingham baj, Dallachy. 2. F. pilosa, Beinw. in Blume Bijdr. 44G. A tall tree, the adult foliag-e and fruits and even tlie young- leaves usualiy g-labrous, the stipules alone on the terminal bud covered with ferruginous hairs sufficient to justify the name, very rarely the petioles and principal veins of the leaves also hairy. Leaves alternate, on petioles of -i to 1 in., elliptical-oblong, shortly and abruptly acuminate, rounded or rarely slightly cordate at the base, the larger ones 6 in. to nearly 1 ft. long and 3 to 5 in. broad, coriaceous, the principal primary veins rather distant and very pro- minent, as well as the fine smaller veins and transverse reticulations, with 1 or 2 pairs of basal oblique veins. Receptacles usually in pairs, closely sessile in the axils or below the leaves, oblong, about ^ in. long, the small broad external bracts almost concealed under the base of the receptacle. Male flowers stipitate, intermixed with the females, and with numerous bracts without seta^. Perianth of 3 unequal segments hairy inside at the base. Stamen 1, the anther not exceeding the perianth, with 2 distinct parallel cells. Female flowers more sessile. Stigma subulate, acute, slightly dilated towards the base. — Miq. in Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. iii. 285 ; Urostipiua pilusiun, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. part ii. 351 ; F. cllipsoidca, F. Muell. Herb. Queensland. Albanj islanJ, Cape York, F. Muellcr ; Rockinghani baj, Dallachy. The species is also in Timor aiid Java, and probably in otber islands of the Arcbi- pelago. It is readilj distinguished tVom all other Australian species bj the shape of the receptacie. 3. F. nesophila, Miq. in Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. iii. 286. A shrub or small tree, quite glabrous or with a ver}^ minute pubescence on the stipules and young buds. Leaves on petioles of | to 1| in. or some- times even 2 in., ovate or oblong-elliptical, very shortly and obtusely acuminate, rounded or almost truncate at the base, 3 to 6 in. long, l^ to 3 in. broad, coriaceous and shining above, with rather distar/t primary veins prominent underneath, the lowest pair starting- frorn the base and more oblique, the smaller veins and reticulations conspicuous but fine. Receptacles solitary or in pairs, in the lower axils or at the leafless nodes of the previous year's shoots, nearly sessile or on pe- duncles of 1 line, globular, 4 to 5 lines diameter when ripe but much smaller on most specimens, the outer subtending bracts short and broad. Male flowers few in the receptacles opened. Perianth stipitate, wuth 3 segments, bruwn as well as the bracts. Stamen 1, shorter than the perianth ; anther-cells parallel. Female flowers very numerous. FiniS,] CIX. URTICE^-. I6ff Sti^ma subulate, acute, slig-litly dilated towards tbe base. — Urosti^ma nesophihim, Miq. in Journ. Bot. Neerl. 18G1, 237. N. Australia. Cambridge gnlf and Enderby's islind, N.W. coast, A. Cunning- ham : Nichol bay, Oregortf s Expedition ; Kin_s'8 Sonnd and CoUier bay, Chapman; islands of the gulf of Carpentaria, li. Brown, GulUver; Port Darwin, SchuUz, n. 652, 882, 887. Queensland. Quail island, Flood; Rockingham bay, Dallachrj. Tiiis may prove to be a variety only of F. Cunninghamii, with more coriaceous leaves, the points much less prnminent and more obtuse, and both species are perhaps too closely allied to the wide-spreaJ Indian F. infcctoria. 4. F. Cunninghamii, Miq. in Ann. Mus. Lufjd. Bat. iii. 286. A larpi-e robust tree of 80 ft. quite f^babrous. Leaves on petioles of \ to 1 in., from ovate to oblong--elliptical, sbortl}' and abruptly acuminate, rounded truncate or scarcely cordate at tbe base, 4 to 5 in. long-, 2 to 2i in. broad, coriaceous, sbining- above but often less so tban in F. nrsophila, tlie primary distant veins prominent underneatb, tbe smaller veins fine, anastomosing- and often scarcely conspiciious. Sti- pules narrow, very deciduous, ^ to | in. long-. Receptacles solitary or 2 together in tbe lower axils, closely sessile concealing- tlie small outer brac^ts, g-lobular and smootb, 4 to 5 lines diameter. Male fiowers few under the bracts near tbe orifice ; perianth stipitate, of 3 brown se^- ments, the sing-le stamen rather shorter than the perianth. Female fiowers numerous, sessile or nearly so ; sti^ma filiform, acute, sligbtly dilated towards tbe base. — Urostigma Cunnint/hnmii, Miq. in Hook. Lond. Journ. vi. 560 ; U. Frascri, Miq. in Hook. Lond. Journ. vi. 561 ; Ficus Frascri, F. Muell. Fragm. vi. 195 ; Urostifjma jjsychotriafolium, Miq. in Hook. Lond. vi. 561 ; Ficus psijchotriafolia, Miq. in Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. iii. 280. Queensland. Biisbane river and Percy island, ^4. Cunningham; Brisbane and BrfUK-r rivers, Fraser ; Keppel bay, B. Brown; Rockhampton, Boicman, 0'Shancsy, JJa'lachg; Rockingham bay, Dallachy. The species is perhaps too closely allied to the East Tndian F. infcctoria, differing slightly in the form and especially in the acumination of the ieaf. F. psychotrixfolia was described by Miquel from a single specimen with one damaged receptacle in Herb. Hooker frora Brisbane river, Fraser. His F. Fraseri was founded on a spccimen in leaf only from nearly the same loc ility in Herb. Hooker, which he afterwards in Aim. I\Ius. Liigd. Bat. iii. 287, refers to the Philipplne isiand F caulohotrya, Miq., which however, besides an inflorescence unknown in any Australian species, is also readily distinguished by the venation of the leaves. I can see no ditference at all as far as the specimens go between F. Fraseri, F. psychotricefolia, and some acknowledged forms of F. CunningJiamii. 5. F. Henneana, Miq. in Ann. Mus. Lufid. Bat. iii. 216. A shrub or slender tree quite glabrous. Leaves on petioles of 1 to l^ in., oval or oblong--elliptical, obtuse or very shortly and obtusely acuminate, entire, rounded or cordate at the base, 3 to i) in. long-, l^ to 2i broad, rather tbinly coriaceous, the primary veins distant and prominent, the basal pair Very oljli(|ue, tbe otbers spreading-, the veinlets conspicuous but scarcelyprominent. Stipules lanceolate, acuminate, glabrous. Recep- tacles (in pairs l) on peduncles of about 2 lines, g-lobular, -1 to f in. diameter, smooth but mottled with white, the subtending; braats very 166 CIX. URTICE2E. [FicVS. deciduous, leaving a truncate margin under the ripe fig". Male flowers few, shortly stipitate, the perianth trimerous, with 1 h\rg-e anther on a very short filament, and the subulate stigma of the females entirely those of the section. N. Australia. Maria island and Caledon bay, GuUtver. Queensland. Booby island, Torres Straits, A. Cunningham, Henne; alsoperhaps tbe same species, Eockingbam bay, Dallachy. The species differs from F. nesophila cbiefly in the receptacles twice as large on longer peduncles. 6. F. validinervis, F Mvdl. Ihrh. A sraall tree, quite ghibrous. Leaves enij)tical or oblong-, abruptly acuminate, entire, rounded or cuneate at the base, 4 to 8in. long-, \\ to ^\ broad, coriaceous, the primary rather distant veins and the smaller intervening- ones as well as the transverse reticulations very prominent underneath, the basal pair not very ditferent from the others, the petiole thick, not above 2 or 3 lines long-. Receptacles in the lower axils on peduncles of about 1 line, g-lobular, 4 to 5 lines diameter on our specimens but not yet ripe, the internal structure apparently the same as in F. CuimiiKjhaiuii, and the styles certainly those of Urustigma. I could find however no male flowers in the only receptacle I could open, not a perfect one. Queensland. Eockingham bay, Dallachy. — This has the short petioles of F. philippinenais, but is evidently an Urostigma, and is remarkable for the very prominent venation of its very coriaceous leaves. 7. F. retusa, Linn. Mant. 129. A small or h^rg-e tree, quite glabrous. Leaves on rather broad petioles of 2 to 3 lines, varying- from broadly obovate or ahnost orbicular and very obtuse or retuse to oval-eniptical or almost oblong-, rounded or very shortly contracted at the base, 2 or 3 in. long- and 1 to 2 in. broad, more coriaceous than in F. hcDJaminca, the transverse primary veins as in that species fine and parallel but not so numerous and more anastomosing-. Ileceptacles ses- gile, in pairs, g'lobular, attaining' about h in. cUameter when ripe, the external brticts nearly orbicular, about 1 line diameter. Perianths and stigma entirely those of Urostigma. Anther not exceeding- the perianth (the cells distinct and parallel .''). — F. nitida, Thunb. ; Wight Ic. t. 642 ; Vrostiqma pisiferum, U. ovoidenm, U. nitidum and U. retusum, Miq. in Hook. Lond. Journ. vi. 580, 581, 582. N. Australia. Ishvnds of the Gulf of Carpentaria, B. Brown. Queenslaud. Rockingham bay, Dallachtj. This species extends over East India, the Archipelago, and New Caledonia, reaching northward to the Philippines and South China. 8. F. eugenioides, F. Mnell. ; Miq. in Ann. Mus. Lngd. Bat. iii, 286, A small tree, quite g-labrous. Leaves on petioles of ^^ to i in., oblong- lanceolate or elliptical-oblong-, obtuse or scarcely acuminate, tapering" at the base, \\ to 2| in. long-, | to 1 in. broad, entire, coriaceous, with numerous fine parallel primary veins diverging- from the midrib, which is alone prominent with sometimes a pair of very oblique basal veins. Stipules narrow. Receptacles sessile, mostly in pairs in the lower axils Fieiis.] cix, urticejE. 167 or at the nodes below the leaves, g-lohular, ahout 3 lines diameter, the external hracts very short and hroad. Male llowers intermixed with the females, the perianth stipitate and ohtusely 3-lobed or rarely 4-lohed, filament very short adnate to one of the lohes, anther-cells coniluent at the apex, and when open the anther becoming- reniform or ahnost transverse as in F. ruhiginosa. Stij»"ma suhulate, acute, more or less dilated at the hase. — Urostigma eugeniuidcs, Mici. in Journ. Bot. Neerl. 1801, 238. Queensland. Nortliumlicrland islauds, R. Brown; Albany island, F. Mueller, W. Hill; Kockhampton, Dallachy, Thozet ; Crocodile Creek and Berseker Range, £picman. N. S. Wales. Tweed river, GuUfoyle. Var. puherula. Young slioots slightly pubescent, but as far as the specimens show, not otheruise difleriiig from F. exigenioides. F. hrachypoda, Miq. in Ann. Mus. Ludg. Bot. iii. 287 ; Urostiqma hrachypodum, Miq. in Hook. Lond. Journ. vi. 562. N. Australia. lork Sound, N.W. coast, A. Cunningham. 9. F. benjaminea, Linn. ; Miq. in Ann. Mus. Lxigd. Bat. iii. 288. A larg-e elegant tree with slender pendulous hranches '' weeping- like the weeping" willow" (^DaUachy), quite g"lahrous. Leaves on petioles of \ to ■g- in., ovate or ovate-ohlong", acuminate, rounded or cuneate at the hase, 2 to near 4:in. long, entire, thinly coriaceous, with numerous fine transverse and parallel primary veins, and slightly reticuhite hetween them. Stipules narrow, under ^ in. long-. Receptacles sessile, soHtary or in pairs in the lower axils, globular, about -J- in. diameter when ripe or rather smaller, the subtending- bracts orbicular, concave, short and rather rig-id. Male flowers not numerous, intermixed with the females. Perianth trimerous; auther notexceeding- the perianth, the cells distinct and parallel. Stig'ma subulate. — Urostigma benjamineum, Miq. in Hook. Lond. Journ. vi. 583 ; Ficus mglecta, Dcne. Herb. Tim. Descr. 166. Queensland. Eockingham bay, Dallachy. 10. F. Muelleri, Miq. in Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. iii, 287. A glabrous tree. Leaves on rather slender petioles of ^ to | in., ovate or elliptical- oblong, shortly acuminate, rounded at the base, 2 to 3 in. long, entire, thinly coriaceous, with rather numerous fine parallel primary veins less equal and more reticulate than in F. henjaminea. Stipules small, narrow, acuminate. Receptacles in pairs closely sessile or on exceed- ing-ly short peduncles, globular, attaining* above | in. diameter, the internal structure as in F. henjaminea. — Urostigma Muellcri, Miq. in J ourn. Bot. NeerL 18G1, 235. N. S. TVales. Hastings river, Beckler. — This may prove to be a variety of i^. fce7i_yami/iea, but, as far as tlie very few specimens show, it appears to have narrower ieaves on longer petioles, with a slightly dittereut venation and larger receptacles. 11. F. leucotricha, Miq. in Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. iii. 285. A small tree, the tioweriug branches and petioles hirsute with spreading- white hairs. Leaves shortly petiolate, ovate broadly oblong- or elHptical, obtuse or very obtusely and obscurely acuminate, rounded or scarcely cordate at the base, entire, 3 to 5 in. long, l^ to 2^ broad, i68 cix. URTiCE^. [Ficus. rigidlv coriaceous, pubescent, but the down almost disappearing" on the upper side, remaining- soft and dense underneath, the primary veins rather numerous, fine, and almost transverse. Stipules long* and narrow. E.eceptacles axillary, usually in pairs, on peduncles of 2 to 4 lines, g'lobular, somewhat rugose, very villous, attaining- -^ in. diameter, the subtending- bracts ovate, about i in. long-, but already fallen away from almost all the specimens seen. Male ilowers inter- mixed with the females towards the orifice; perianth stipitate 3-merons, with one larg-e anther with parallel cells. Female flowers nearly sessile j perianth 4-raerous. Stig'ma linear andacute, but rather short. Bracts and perianths as in most species of the section dark brown when dry. — Urostigma leucotrichiim, Miq. in Journ. Bot. Neerl. 18G1, 234 ; Ficus lanata^ F. Muell. Ilerb. N. Australia. Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, B.. Brown ; Sea Eange, F. iluelltr. F. Mueller distingnished two varieties, microcarpa, in whicli the receptacles are about 4 lines, and macrocarjM, in which they are fully 6 lines diameter; but on exaniination the fornier appear to be not yet full grown, with the flowers iu bud or only ju^t ex- panded, leaving a central cavity ; whilbt in the laiger foim the fruits are ripe, coni- pletely filliiig the receptacle. The bracts subtending the receptacle ajipear to be iarger in this than in any other Australiau species. 12. F. rubiginosa, Desf. ; Vent. Jard. Malm. t. 114. A tree of con- siderable size, with spreading- branches, throwing- out woody roots, which descend to the ground, forming pillars as in the Indian Banyan tree {F. indica), the young- shoots and petioles more or less ferrug-inous- pubescent. Leaves on petioles of ^ to 1 in., oval or elliptical, obtuse or very shortly and obtusely acuminate, entire, rounded or very slig-htly cordate at the base, 3 to 4 in. lung-, and 2 to 2^ broad when full gTown, coriaceous, glabrous above, more or less ferrug-inous-pu- bescent underneath, with numerous parallel very diverg-ent primary veins, of which 10 to 12 on each side of the midrib rather more pro- minent than the others, and the basal pair more oblique. Stipules narrow-acuminate. Receptacles axillary, mostly in pairs, on thick broadly turbinate peduncles of 1 line or rather more, g-lobular, about 4 or 5 lines diameter, usually marked with prominent warts. Sub- tending- bracts broad, membranous, about 2 lines diameter, very de- ciduous. Male llowers intermixed with the females. Bracts acumi- nate, brown as well as the perianths. Anther-cells confluent at the apex into a sing-le reniform cell, and at length very diverg-ent so as to appear to open transversely. Stigma linear and acute, not very long-. — Bot. Mag-. t. 2939; F. australis, Willd. Sp. Pl. iv. 1138; Urostigma ruhifjinosiim, Gaspar Nov. Gen. Fic. 7, quoted in his Ricerch. Caprif. 82, t. 7, f. G to 13. N. S. 'V^ales. Port Jackson and Bhie Mouiitains according to several herbaria, Lut no collector's name given ; Hunter's river, li. Brown; New England, C. /Stuart; Hastings aud Clarence rivers, BecJder ; Lord Howe's island, C. Moore. It is by some mistake that Miqiiel has quoted the pbites of Ventenat and of the Botanical Magazine as F. ferriigitiea ; tiiey are bolh corrcctly named F. ruhigivosa. F.ferruginea, Desf., waBpublished as a distinct species, which Miquel believes to have Fims.] crx. urtice^. 1^9 been of American origin ; but Bureau refers it to tlie true /''. Titligino^a. The spe- cimens froni Lord Ho\ve'8 island were receivcd undcr thc ms. nanie nf F. columnaris, accompaiiied by a slcetcli of tlic babit of tlie tree with its grove of columnar adventive roots ; but I can find notiiing to distinguish them from the K. S. Wales F. rubiginosa. 13. F. puberula, .1. Cnnn. ; Miq. in Ann. Mm. Lngd. Bat. iii. 2^7. A tree witli the luibit oi F. p!uti/poda, and apparently almost asvariable in the leaves, rather lar^-e and broad or smaller and narrower, ahvays obtuse or shortly and obtusely acuminate, coriaceous, g-labrous or very slio-htly pubescent, and not ferruginous, with the venation of F. platypoda, the youno" slioots and stipules most frequently pubescent. Receptacles globuhir and smooth, about 4 to o lines ditimeter, like those of F. phiti/poda but on peduncles of 3 to 4 lines, and usually distinctly umbonate. — Urostij/ma puhcndum, Miq. in Hook. Lond. Journ. vi. oO:l?, t. i23 ; U. vitdUnum, Miq. in Journ. Bot. Neerl. 1801, ''^'iT ; Ficus vitellina, Miq. in Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. iii. 288. N. Australia. York Sound, N.W. coast, A. Cunningham; Tort Waicot, 0. FLarper ; Fitzmaurice river, F. Jlueller. 14. F. platypoda, A. Cunn. ; Miq. in Ann. Mus. Lnrjd. Bat. iii. 2>^7 . A small tree of robust growth, perfectly glabrous in all its parts in the typical form, more or less pubescent in several varieties, but not ferrug-inous. Leaves in the typical form on broad petioles of about 4 in., ovate, obtuse, entire, rounded or slightly cuneate at the base, or the lower ones ahnost cordate, 2-| to 4 in. hDng, and 2 to 2i broad, thickly coriaceous with numerous transverse parallel primary veins, the priucipal ones not distant, and the basal pair not very conspicuous. Receptacles axiUary, mostly in pairs, sessile or on peduncles not ex- ceeding- 1 line, globular, not warted, without any umbonate prominence, 4 to 5 hnes diameter. Male liowers few, intermixed with the females towards the orifice. Perianths all stipitate. Anther-cells con- tig-uous at the apex, but scarcely confluent in the flower examined. Srig-ma linear-subuhite and acute, or sometimes in the same receptacle shorter and more obtuse. — Urostigma platyjyodum, Miq. in Hook. Lond. Journ. vi. 501. N. Australia. York Sound and Vansittart's Bay, A. Cunningham. The f(jlIowing fnnns may some of them, when better known. prove to be sufficiently distinct to be received as species : — Var. lachnocaulon. Closely resembling the typical form except that the ends of the branches and petioles are pubescent, and the under surface of the leaves also slightiy so ; the petioles particularly short. — Urostigma lachnocaulon, Miq. in Journ. Bot. Neerl. 1861, 238. Ficua lachnocaula, Miq. in Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat._ iii. 287. — Australia, Baudins Expedition, probably from ihe N.W. Coast ; Port Darwin, ikhultz, n. 41L Var. ? minor, Miq. Glabrous. Leaves elh'ptical oblong, 2 to 3 in. long and 1 to l^ in. broad, the petioies rather longer than in the typical form and the receptacles on very short peduncles. N. Australia. N.W. Coast, Bynoe ; Nicol Bay, Gregory'» and liidley's Expe- ditions. Ya.T.? petiolaris. Glabrous. Leaves usually larger than in the typical form, on petioles of 14 to 24 in. Stipuies very long. Receptacles rathcr smali, on short peduncles. 170 CIX. URTICEJE. [Fiais. Queensland. " Brisbane and Haslings rivers " (probably Brisbane river), Fraser; Naira river, Lcichliardt ; Rockhainpton anil Cape river, Bowman; Cape Cleveland, Burdelin F.rpedltion ; Port Deiiison, Fitzalan; and nearly the sanie form but with snialier leaves, Maranoa river, Mitchell. Var. ? mollis. Leaves of the last variety but velvety-pubescent on both eides as 'well as the young branches. Queensland. Rockingbam bay, Dallachy. Var. ? suhacuminata. Leaves large on long petioles as in the last two forms, pnbes- cent, but not so much so as in the var. mollis, aud tapering above the middle so as to be sonietimes almost ovate-lanceolate. Queensland. Whitsunday island, Henne. The two last varieties are referred in Herb. F. Mneller to the F. Leiehhardtii, Miq. in Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. iii. 287 (Uro.stigma Leichhardtii, Miq. in Journ. Bot. Neerl. 1861, 235), of which, however, the typical specimens from Cleveland Bay are not in F. Mueller's collection, unless they may be the glabrous ones qiioted under tlie var. petio- laris. Ifthelast tliree varieties with long petioles be admitted as a species distinct from tlie North-AVestem ones with short petioles, it should receive Miquers name of F. Leichhardtii. 15. ? F. dictyophleba, F. Mmll. ; Miq. in Ann. 3Ivs. Lvgd. Bat.in. 218. This supposed species, described from leaves only, very much resembles the broad-leaved o-labrous forms of F. plutijpoda, differing^ in the shorter petiole, usually from | to nearly 4 in. long-, the more coriaceous shining leaves, with numerous veins much more prominent. Queensland. Islands off Cape Flattery, F. Mueller. 16. F. macrophylla, Brsf.; Pers. Syn. Pl. ii. 600. A larg-e tree with a broad head, quite glabrous, closely allied to F. ritbiginosa^ and especially to the var. petiolaris of F. jdatypoda, but with much larg-er leaves. These are oval-elliptical or broadly oblong*, obtuse or obtusely acuminate, entire, 4 to 10 in. long-, and 3 to 4 in. broad, coriaceous, with numerous transverse parallel primary veins, but with the principal ones at some distance from each other more prominent than the intermediate fine ones. Stipules often above 2 in. long-. Receptacles nearly g-lobular or somewhat pear-shaped, f to 1 in. diameter, on peduncles of 3 to 4, the internal structure entirely as in F. platypoda. — Urostiyma macrophyllum, Miq. in Hook. Lond. Journ. vi. 560. Queensland. Pine river, Leichhardt ; Moreton Bay, Hort. Kew. ; Mount Dry- ander, Fdzalan. N. S. 'Wales. Hunter's and Paterson's rivers, A.Brown; Macleay and Bellinger rivers, 0. Moore. Miquel in Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. iii. 287, refers to this species the F. Huegelii, Kunth and Boucli^, or Urostigma Huegelii, Miq. in Hort. Lond. Joiim. vi. 586, and the U. squamellosum, Miq. in Jonrii. Bot. Neerl. 1861, 239. Some specimens labelled " Brush forests along the coast," and exhibited as P. ma- crophylla in the collection of Northeru woods, London Exhibition 1862, n. 85, C. Moore, are evidently the F. elastica, Linn., which has leaves of the same size but with a more abrupt acumination, and the numerous parallel veins much more equal and approximate. Tbese specimens may have been taken from a botanical garden to illustrate the speci- mens of wood of the true F. macrophylla, collected on the coast, for we have no corro- borative evideuce of F. elastica being an Australian species. Sf.ct. 2. EusYCE. — Male perianth of 5 or 6 lobes or seg-ments, rarely reduced to a sing-le one. Stamens 1, 2 or morej anther-cells Fieux.] CIX. URTICEiB, 171 distinct and parallel, not conflufnt at the apex, and not exceeding- the ])eriantli. Female periantli of 4 to 0 lobes or seg'uients, as lonj;;' as or loni;er than the ovary, Stig-nia in the Australian species undivided, either ])eltate or oblique or oblong- and obtuse, in species not Australian 2-lobed. Leaves alternate or o])])osite, entire toothed or lobed, ofte.n deciduous. Receptaclcs axillary or on the old wood. 17. F. magnifolia, F. 3fiidl. Fragm. iv. 50, partli/. A handsome tree, the foliag-e slightly scabrous, but otherwise glabrous. Leaves alternate, obovate-oblong* or elliptical, shortly acuminate, entire, con- tracted towards the base, but rounded or cordate at the base itself, mostly 1 to l|ft. long', and (5 to 8 in. broad, but smaller on some of the lateral branches, the distant primary diverging veins and transverse anastomosing- veinlets prominent underneath, the basal pair very oblique. 8ti])ules narrow, rigid and often ]3ersistent. Receptacles on peduncles of about ^ in., mostly in pairs on the previous year's or older woods, de])ressed g-lobular, ^ to | in. diameter. Inner bracts and perianths white almost hyaline, tlie perianths of 4 or 5 very unequal segments. Male llowers few, with 2 or 3 stamens, and in one case I found a stamen and an ovary within the same perianth. Style g-labrous, with a small obtuse shortly oblong* stig"raa. Queensland. Mount ElHott and Rockingham bay, DallacJiy, Fitzalan. Fitzalan originally gathfired this species without fructification, and named it F. mag- nifolia. Dallachy found fruits on trees of F. liifipida, which he took to be the sanie, and sent them as the fruits oi F. magnifolia to F. Mueller, who thus desctibed the species as a Covellia. Dallachy, however, afterwards found out his mistake, and sent further specimens of F. magnifolia, with its own receptacles, which are entirely those oiEusijce. 18. P. ehretioides, F. Muell. Herb. Atreeof40to 60 ft., quite g-labrous or with a very slight pubescence on the young- branches. Leaves alternate, on petioles of 1 to 5 in., cordate-ovate, acuminate, entire or sinuate-toothed, 6 to 10 in. long-, and 4 to 6 in. broad, mem- branous, with few distant primary diverging- veins, and a few fine transverselv anastomosing* veinlets prominent underneath, the one or two lowest pair of veins starting* from the base more oblique but not more prominent. Receptacles on the old wood, apparently obovoid or turbinate-giobular, and about 1 in. diameter, but only seen broken up and the liowers much injured. I could not find the males, and most of the females were far advanced in fruit and much eaten; the styles appear to be glabrous, not very long-, with a thick oblong obtuse oblique g-labrous stigma. Queensland. Eockingham bay, Dallachy. 19. F. pumila, Linn. Spec. Pl. 1515. A prostrate or climbing shrub, often closely cling-ing- to rocks, trees, or building-s, and then the branches frequently llattened, the young- shoots and sti])ules more or less silky-pubescent, the adult foliag-e glabrous, or nearly so. Leaves alternate, distichous, on very short petioles, ovate, obtuse, entire or slightly sinuate, rounded or cordate, and often unequal at the base, rigid when full-grown, nearly smooth above, the primary distant veins 173 CIX. URTICEiE. [Ficus. and niimerous reticulnted veinlets very prominent underneath, with 1 or 2 pairs of obli(jue basal veins, the leaves mostlj 2 to 8 in. long- on the principal branches, under 1 in. and broader in proportion on slender creeping- barren shoots. Stipules about h in. lonjr, deciduous. Receptacles (on Cliinese specimens) on thick peduncles of 1 to 6 hnes, globular or shghtly turbinate, lA to 2 in. diameter, Male flowers not seen. Style glabrous, with an obhque terminal shortly lanceolate stig-ma. — F. stijndata, Thunb. Miq. in Hook. Lond. Journ." vii. 439. Queensland ? A specimen in Herb. F. Mueller, witbout station, is labelled " The Wide Bay creeper.'' N. S. V^ales. Hunters river, 0. Moore. The species, as limited bj Miquel, extends over the Indian Arcliipelago to South Chiua, but fruiting s-pecimens are very rare in herbaria, and in several localities it is an introduced pbinr. Whether the Australian speeimens are really iudigenoiis may be in sonie measure uncertain. The closely allied F. erecta, Tbunb., sometimes regarded as a variety only, extends over tropical Asia generally. 20. P. coronulata, F. Mvdl. ; Miq. in Jovm. Bot. Ncerl. 1861, 242, A small tree with pendulous branches, the young- shpots slightly hoary pubescent, otherwise g4abrous. Leaves alternate, hinceolate, acuminate, entire, contracted towards the base, 4 to 6 in. long-, i to 1 in. broad, membranous, not scabrous, with rather numerous transverse piimary veins, but without any obhque basal pair, the petiole rnther broad, 3 to 4 hnes long. Receptacles in the specimens seen sohtar}' at the lower nodes below the leaves, on pedicels of \ to ^ in., ovoid, contraoted into a short neck formed as in F. aspcra by the erect bracts of the broad orifice, becoming- at length nearly globular and nearly J in. diameter. Bracts within the receptacle and perianths white-hyaline. Male flowers not seen. Style g-hibi-ous, witli a terminal obhque slightly dilated stig-ma. — F. salici?ia, F. MueU. Frag-m. iv. 49. N. Anstralia. Victoria and Fitzmaurice rivers, F. Mueller. 21. F. leptoclada, Benth. A '' beautifnl tree of about 40 ft." with slender branches, quite giabrous. Leaves elliptical-oblong-, acuminate, entire, cuneate at the base, 2 to 4 in. long, f to l^ in. broad, not scabrous, with rather distant primary veins and transverse reticuhitions promiuent underneath, the lowest pair of veins obH([ue fi-om a Httle above the base, the petioles 2 to 3 hnes long-. Stipules narrow^, about as loug- as the petioles, membranous and deciduous, or here and there rig-id and persistent. Receptacles shortly peduncuU^te in the axils, usually sohtary, giobvdar, 3 to 4 lines diameter, the bracts of the orifice forming- a short broad neck, the external bracts small and scale-hke alternating- on the peduncle. Perianth-segments and mner bracts narrow and often brown as in the section Urostiffma. Style giabrous, dilated at the apex into a short obhque or almost peltate stig-ma. I coukl lind no male liowers in the two receptacies I opened. Queensland. Eockingham bay, Dalluchy. 22. F. depressa, Benth. A tree, quite g^labrous. Leaves alternate, on tiattcned petioles of | in. or more, obovate-oblong, about 3 in. long- Firus.] CTX. UllTICEiE. 173 aiul l^ in. broad in tlie iuiperfect specimen seen, tliinly coriaceous, suiootli, the prininry veins ratlier distant, the suiallor veins and trjins- verse veinlets tewer and less conspicuous than in auy otlier Austridiau species, the basal pair of voins proinineutand very oblique. Recoptacles axiHary, in pairs, on slender pedicols of 2 to 4 lines, doj)rossed-j^-lol)uhir, flat-topped, 4 to 5 Hnes diauieter, smooth or sparini;ly verrucose, vory hollow inside. Euijity bracts near the orifice orbicular and ciliate, those under the Howers small especially in the lower part of the fig'. Flowers all closely sessile, the uuiles few near the oritico. Perianth- sog-ments 3, very broad and enveloping- each other as in the section Covdlia. Stamens 1 or 2, filaments very short and dilated into a cuneate connective bordered by 2 distinct celis. Feraale perianth of 2, 3 or 4 cjuite distinct seo-ments about as long- as the ovary, which is sessile on a broad base, the style short, lateral, with a peltate stig-ma. Queensland. Mount EUiott, Fitzalan. — The internal sti-ucture of the receptacle is in maiiy respects the same as in F. mollior, approachini]: that oi' Covellia ; but in F. dij)res.sa there are no setae between the flowers, and the foliage is diflerent from tliat of F mollis, at least as far as it cao be ascertaiued from the single specimen received by post from F. Mueller. 23. F. philippinensis, Miq. in Hook. Lond. Jonrn. vii. 435. A small tree, our specimens quite gdabrous. Leaves on very short rather thick petioles, elliptical or oblong-, acuminate, entire, contracted at the base, 3 to 4 in. long- and about l^ in. broad, thinly coriaceous, smooth, the principal jjrimary veins rather distant, almost transverse, prominent underneath as well as the fine smaller veins and transverse reticulations, the basal pair very oblique but not very consj)icuous. Stipules 3 to 4 lines long-, acute. Receptacles on exceeding-ly shortpeduncles, solitary or in pairs, g-lobular, not exceeding 3 lines diameter, quite gdabrous, the bracts of the orifice not prominent. Perianths and internal bracts white-hyaline. Male flowers few, consisting of a single stamen in the axil of and shortly adnate to the sing-le lanceolate or oblanceolate perianth-segment. Female perianth of 2 to 4 short narrow seg-ments. iStyle short, g-labrous, with a terminal concave peltate stigma. Queensland. Family ishind, Rockingham bay, Dallachy. — A single specinien in Herb. F. Mueller, but quite similar to Arrhipelago specimeiis. The species extends northward to the Philippiue islands, aud is also iu New Caledonia. 24. F. mollior, F. Mvell. Herh. A tall tree, the young- branches petioles and underside of the leaves softly pubescent or villous. Leaves alternate, on petioles of about ^ in. ; oblong elliptical or almost ovate, acuminate, entire, contracted towards the base but usually cordate at the base itself, 4 to 6 in. long-, 2 to 3 in. wide, gdabrous and rather smooth above, the rather distaut primary veins and transverse reticula- tions prominent underneath, wuth 1 or sometimes 2 pairs of basal veins, oblique but usually finer than some of the primary veins hig-hor up. Receptacles on peduncles of 1 to 2 lines, axillary, solitary or in pairs, g-lobular or somewhat obovoid, 4 to 5 linos long-, shortly villous, the external subtending bracts small and scale-like ; those round the orifice sometimes protrudin^ almost as much as in F. aspera. Perianths aud 174 cix. URTiCEJE. [Ficus. inner bracts dark brown as in Urostif/ma. Male flowers very few umong-st the larger bracts near the orifice, the 3 perianth-lobcs broad and enveloping' each other, enclosing a single stamen as in CorrUia. Female flowers intermixed with the long rigid hairs or setcf of the receptacle as in F. colossca, the perianth-segments narrow and uneqiial, scarcely exceeding the ovary. Style short, glabrous, with a terminal concave peltate stigma. Queensland. Rockingham bay, Dallachy. 25. F. stenocarpa, F. Muell. Herl). A tree, apparently nearly glabrous, but all parts especially tlie leaves very scabrous, with a minute scattered rigid pubescence. Leaves opposite or more frequently alternate, on rather slender petioles of \ to h^ in,, ovate obovate or elliptical, obtuse or acuminate, entire, rounded or contracted at the base and sometimes oblique, rigidly membranous, green on both sides, 3 to 5 in. long, distantly penniveined, with a basal pair of oblique veins, Stipules small and narrow. Receptacles on peduncles of 2 to 4 lines, soHtary or in pairs in the lower axils, and unisexual, the males cylin- drical and 4 or 5 lines long, the females ovoid or nearly globose and fully as large, all minutely scabrous like the rest of the plant. Outer bracts scale-like on the peduncle below the receptacle. Perianths in both sexes white-hyaline as well as the bracts, the segments oblong, the bracts rather broad or fringed. Stamens usually 2. Style ending in a linear hirsute stigma obtuse and coloured towards the end. Queensland. Eockinghain baj, Dallachy ; Fitzroy island, Walter. 26. F. aspera, Forst. Prod. 7Q. A tree, sometimes described as small, sometimes as attaining 80 to 100 ft., the young branches petioles and inflorescences hispid with short hairs. Leaves on short petioles, oblong-elliptical, shortly acuminate, often irregularly toothed above the middle, rounded often oblique and sometimes emarginate at the base. 3 to 6 in. long and 1| to 2| broad, very scabrous above, pubescent or hispid underneath, the primary divergent veins distant and prominent underneath as well as the transverse reticulations, the basal pair of veins more oblique than the others. Receptacles axillary, on peduncles of 1 to 2 lines, solitary or in pairs, ovoid globular or urceolate, usually densely hispid, about 4 to 6 lines diameter, the orifice rather broad, with very numerous lanceolate bracts of -^- line, the outer rows erect forming a kind of neck to the receptacle, the succeeding rows closing the orifice and the inner ones reflexed as in other figs, Outer bracts subtending the reoeptacle near the top of the peduncle small, hispid, with green tips, very deciduous. Male flowers numerous intermixed with the females. Perianth stipitate, with 5 or 6 narrow concave segments, Stamens 2 to 4 ; anther-cells parallel, one often abortive in 1 or 2 of the stamens. Female perianths on a shorter stipes. Style glabrous with a terminal truncate or slightly peltate stigma. — Miq. in Hook. Lond. Journ. vii. 425. Queensland. Brisbane river, Moreton bay, A. Cunningham, Leichhardt, F. Muellcr, and others. FICUS.] CIX. URTICE^. 175 N. S. Wales. Port Jackson to tho Blue Mountains, Woollfi, M'm Atlcinson ; Huiitci's rivcr, li. Brown; Maitland, Backhouse ; Claronce and Hastings rivcrs, Bi-ckler ; New Enpland, C. ShKirt ; southward to Ilhiwarra, A. Cunningham and others, and TwofoiJ bay, F. JJueller, the most southern point reached by any Ficus. Var. suh(ilahr(i. Indunientum of the rcceptaclc so short as to appear at first sight ghibrous. Brisbanc river, F. Mueller ; Hunter'8 river, U. Broion. 27. P. orbicularis, A. Cunn. ; Miq. in Hook. Lond. Jouni. vii. 426. A shrub usir.illy of 4 or 5 ft., gTowing- into a small tree of about 10 ft., g'labrous or sparingl}' puboscent on theyoung' shoots. Leaves alternate or rarely opposite, on petioles of 1 to 3 lines, very broadly ovate or orbicular, obtuse, more or less bordered by minute rigid teeth or callosities, mostly l^ to 2 in. long- and 1 to 1-^ broad, but larg-er on luxuriant barren shoots, rigid and very scabrous above, nearly sraooth underneath, with few distant primary veins, and 3-nerved from the prominence of the basal pair, the reticulate veinlets fine and little con- spicuous. Stipules small and narrow. Keceptacles axillary, on pedicels very short or nearly as long* as the petioles, solitary or rarely in pairs, g'lobuhir, 3 to 4 lines diameter, usually scabrous and sometimes sparingly pubescent. Subtending' bracts small and scale-like, 1 or 2 usuall}' on the pedicel below the receptacle. Inner bracts and perianths white- hyaline. Perianth-segments usually 5, narrow, three inner ones especially in the females much longer than the others. Male flowers few and only 1 stamen with a larg-e oblong* anther in those I examined, Style sliort, g'labrous, with a terminal peltate stig'ma. — F. indecora, Miq. in Hook. Lond. Journ. vii. 426 (with leaves not quite so broad), and F. BecMeri, Miq. in Journ. Bot. Neerl. 1861, 241 (as to the N.-Western species). N. Australia. Careening bay, Enderby island and Dampier's Archipelago, N.W. Coast, ^-1. Cunningham; King'8 Sound, Hiighan ; Nichol bay, Gregori/s Expedition ; Victoria and Eitzmaurice rivers, F. Mueller ; Port Darwin, iSchultz, n. 407. 28. F. actdeata, A. Cunn. ; Miq. in Hook. Lond. Journ. vii, 426. A tall shrub, very closely allied to F. orhicularis, and perhaps a variety, ditfering- chiefly in the branches pubescent or hirsute. Leaves usuallj larg-er, more cordate at the base, still more scabrous above, and often tomentose, the marg-ins more aculeate. Receptacles rather larg-er and more densely pubescent or hirsute, on exceeding-ly short peduncles. N. Australia, South Goulburn isiand, A. Cunningham ; Nichol bay, Ridletfs Fxpedition ; King's Sound and Coilier bay, Chapman. Var. micracantha. Leaves all or nearly all opposite. F. micracantha, Miq. in Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. iii. 221.— Islandsof the Gulf of Carpentaria, Ji. Brown, Htnne, Gulr liver ; Cairncross island, F. Mueller. 29. F. opposita, Miq. in Hook. Lond. Journ. vii. 426. A tall shrub or small tree, the young- branches and underside of the leaves softly and densely pubescent. Leaves mostly opposite, exceedingly variable in size and shape, in the typical specimens broadly cordate-ovate and about 2 in. long- on petioles not exceeding i in., in others ovate, ovate- oblong, or ovate-lanceolate, 6 to 8 in. long-, on petioles of ^ to 1 in., 176 CIX. URTICE^. [Ficus. all obtuse or acuminate,.entire or very slig"litly undulate-cremilate, very scabrous above, distantly penniveined with tbe lowest pair starting from very near tbe base, tbe transverse veinlets and reticulations pro- minent underneatb ; on some barren brancbes tbe leaves are bastately 3-lobed witb 1 lon»- lanceolate central and 2 sbort lateral lobes. Stipules about 2 lines long-. Ileceptacles axillary, solitary or in pairs, at first somewbat pear-sbaped, at lengtb nearly globular and about ^ in. diameter. Peduncles varying from 1 to 3 lines, tbe scale-like bracts usually at some distance from tbe fig-, but sometimes close to it. Flowers entirely tbose of F. orbiculata. — F. indecora, Miq. in Journ. Bot. Neerl. 1801, 242, as to tbe specimens from Clarence river. Queensland. Keppel and Shoalwater bays and Broad Snund, R. Brown ; Brenier ri ve r, i^msfr ; Rodd's h&y, A. Cunningham; estiiary of tlie YimAekm, F. Mueller ; Port Deiiison, Fitzalan; Rockingham bay, DaUacJu/ ; Rockhampton, Bowman. N. S. 'Wales. Nevv England, C. Stuart ; Clarence river, BecJder. 30. F. scobina, Bmth. A shrub or small tree of 8 to 20 ft., re- markable for tbe extreme asperity of botb sides of tbe leaves as well as of tbe petioles and young- brancbes, otberwise g-labrous. Leaves alternate or rarely opposite, on very sbort petioles, mostly obovate or obovate-oblong', and very obtuse or sbortly acuminate, rounded or contracted at tbe base, and 2 to 3 in. long-, and | to 1| in. broad, but passing- into obIong--eIIiptical, and on luxuriant barren brancbes some- times oblanceolate, 4 to 5 in. long, and |^ to f in. broad, often slig-htly and irregularly sinuate-toothed at the end, tbe distant primary veins and transverse reticulate veinlets prominent underneatb, without any distinct basal pair of veins. Receptacles mostly solitary, globose, tbe larg-est on our specimens 4 lines diameter, scabrous like tbe rest of tbe pbmt, but witbout hairs, the external bracts small and scale-like, eitber close under the receptacle or along- the short peduncle. Male flowers few near tbe orifice. Periantb-seg-ments of botb sexes narrow and unequal, and as well as the bracts wbite-hyaline as in F. orbiculuta. Stamens 1 witb a larg-e 2-ceIIed anther, and sometiraes a second smaller one. Style g'Iabrous, witb a terminal truncate or peltate stig-ma. N. Australia. Lizard island, A. CunningJiam, ; Port Essington, LeicJiJiardt ; Port Darwin, ScJialtz, n. 6, 410, 499. — Although allied in some respects to the three preceding species, this differs so much in aspect, in the shape of the leaves and in their short petioles, that it can scarcely be considered as a variety only, nor can I identify it "with any of the Indian scabrous species to which it bears some resembhiuce. Sect. 3. CovELLiA. — Male periantb of 3 or 4 broad seg-ments enveloping' eacb otber, and enclosing- 1 larg-e anther witb distinct parallel cells. Female periantb very small or none, or g-rowing- out nearly to tbe leng-tb of tbe ovary, and tlien very tbin and transparent, truncate or witb sbort very obtuse lobes. Style glabrous or witb very few hairs, short, with a peltate or oblique stig-ma. Leaves usually larg-e, tbe stipular scar prominent. Eeceptacles chiefly on tbe old wood. 31. F. hispida, Linn.f. Snppl. 442. A small tree, remarkable for the young- brancbes, when luxuriant, very hollow and contracted at the FictlS.] CIX. URTlCEiE. 177 nodes, the foliag'e and branches more or less sprinkled or covered with short stiff hairs. Leaves all opposite, broadly oblong--elliptical or almost ovate, usually acuminate, rounded or cordate at the base, mostly 6 to 10 in. long- and 4 to 5 broad, but very variable in size and shape, entire or sinuate-toothed, the indumentum scabrous above, soft underneath, the priraary veins distant, prominent underneath as well as the transverse veinlets, the basal pair very oblique. Receptacles either in pairs in the lower axils or more fi*ec[uently in lcailess clusters or racemes on the older wood, g-lobose or somewhat turbinate, f to 1 in. diameter, " white," more or less hirsute. Male Howers among-st the larg-er bracts near the oritice, the segments brown-hyaline, very broad, each one completely enveloping the next in the bud. Female perianth at length nearly as long- as the ovary, with very obtuse or truncate lobes, but so thin and closely appressed as to be easily overlooked. Ovary stipitate. Stvle with a few hairs ; stig"ma peltate. — F. oppositi.folia, Willd. Spec. Pl. iV. 1151 ; Roxb. Corom. Pl. t. 124 ; Wight Ic. t. 688; Covcllia oppositifolia, Gasp., and many other synonyms quoted by Miq. in Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. iii. 296. N. Australia. Brunswick Bay, N. W. coast, A. Cunningham. Queensland. Noi thumberland islands and Broad Sound, E. Brown (without figs, but apparently this species) ; Eociiingham and Edgeconibe bays, Dallachy. 32. F. fasciculata, Mnell. Herh. A shrub of 10 to 15 ft., the young* shoots hispid with short stiff hairs. Leaves usually alternate, ovate or broadly elliptical, shortIyacuminate,irreguIarly sinuate-crenate, rounded contracted or slig-htly cordate at the base, 8 to 10 in. long- and 4 to 5 broad in some specimens, much smaller in others, the distant primary veins and transverse reticulations prominent underneath, slightly scabrous above, more so underneath, and the veins often pubescent or hispid. Receptacles in pairs, sometimes axillary, but most frequently several together on short leaHess branches, forming- oblong clusters or short racemes on the old wood, nearly globular, about i in. diameter, tubercular-scabrous, marked with about 6 prominent longitudinal ribs, and often depressed at the orifice. Bracts within the receptacle minute excepting near the orifice. Male ilowers few under the inner- most developed bracts, entirely like those of F. hispida. Female perianth scarcely any, or at length shorter than the stipes of the ovary and truncate. Style short, glabrous, with a larg-e peltate concave stig-ma. Queensland. Roclihampton, Fitzroy river, Boxoman, Thozct, Dallachj. Var. ? suhopposita. Leaves here and there opposite and branches hollow as in F. hispidn, but with the small 6-nbbed receptacles ot' F. fasciculata. — Rockingham bay and Mackaj river, Dallachy. 33. F. casearia, F. Muell. Herb. A tree with a broad spreading' head, quite glabrous. Leaves alternate, on petioles of ^ to ^ in., ovate or elliptical, acuminate, entire, rounded or cuneate at the base, 3 to 5 in. long, H to 2| in. broad, membranous, not scabrous, the principal primary veins distant, slightly promiueut underneath, the basal oblique VOL. VI. N 178 CTX. URTiCE^. [Ficus. pair very small or obsolete, tlie smaller veins and transverse reticulations very fine or inconspicuous. Stipules rather iong-, acuminate, deciduous. Eeceptacles usually below the leaves, nearly sessile or on peduncles of 2 to 4 lines, apparently obovoid when young-, depressed-g-lobular when full grown, and attaining- about | in. diameter, quite g-labrous, with 6 long-itudinal raised ribs outside, very hollow inside, the Howers very small, but their structure entirely as in F. fasciculata. Queensland. Rockingham Bay, DaUachy ; Fitzroy island and Endeavour river, ITerb. Delessert.— Y. Mneller distinguishes two forms, F casearia, with obovoid pedun- culate receptacles, and F. glochidioides, with almost sessile depressed-globular ones ; but some specimeiis are intermediate as to the peduncles, and the shape of the receptacles depends perhaps upon age ; the foliage and internal structure of the figs is precisely the same in both. The species is very near F, fasciculata in the ribbed receptacles, but the foliage is very difterent. 34. F. glomerata, Willd. Spcc. Pl. iv. 1148. A large tree, glabrous or the young- shoots slightly pubescent. Leaves alternate, on petioles of 1 to 2 in., from ovate or ovate-lanceolate to oblong--elliptical, shortl}^ acuminate, entire, rounded at the base, 3 to 5 in. long-, 1 to 2| in. broad, rigidly membranous, the primary veins distant and prominent underneath, the lowest pair rather more oblique, but starting- from above the base, the transverse reticulations very fine and often incon- spicuous. Stipules lanceolate, often ^ in. long-, membranous, crowded on the young- shoots, and often persistent even when the leaves are full grown. Receptacles '' in thick bunches or spikes on the principal stems all over the tree," globular or somewhat turbinate, 1 to l|in. diameter, slig-htly mealy or downy when young;, " crimson when ripe and edible." Subtending- bracts small. Male perianths of broadly orbicular hyaline seg-ments closely enveloping- each other, and en- closing- 1 or 2 equal or unequal stamens, the anther-cells distinct and parallel. Female perianth very short, but more developed than in the last two species. Style glabrous, with an obliqne terminal stigma, some- times very short, but varying- to lanceolate. — Roxb. Corom. Pl. ii. 1. 123 ; Wig-ht Ic. t. QQ7 ; CovelUa (jlomerata, Miq. in Hook. Lond. Journ. vii. 465"; Flcm vcsca, F. Muell. ; Miq. in Journ. Bot. Neerl. 1801, 243. N. Australia. Fitzmaurice river, F. 31ueUer. Queensland. Northumberland isiands, Ji. Brown; Port Denison, Fitzalan; Rock- ingham Bay, DaUachy ; Kockhampton, Bowman, Thozet, Dallachy. The species is common in moist rich soil in East India, and extends probably over the Indian Archipelago under some other name, if I am really correct in referring the Australian plant to the Indian species. I have not succeeded in detecting any tangible difierence. 5. CUDRANIA, Trec. Flowers dioecious, in globuhir heads intermixed with small bracts, the receptacles more or less fleshy. Male perianth of 4 or 5 narrow segments, dilated and concave at the apex. Stamens 4 or 5, filaments erect and flattened. Rudimentary pistil subulate. Female perianth of 4 segments imbricate in the bud. Style simple, with a filiform stigma. Fruit a syncarp formed of the enlarg-ed somewhat fleshy perianths and Cudrania.] Cix. URTICE^. 179 receptacle. Nuts free but enclosed within the perianths and partially immersed in the receptacle, the pericarp crustaceous. Seeds nearly f;'lobuhir, the testa mcmbranous ; albumen very scanty or none. Coty- edons broad and thick, tbkled over the lony incurved radicle. — More or less climbing- shrub, otten armed with axiUary spines(abortive peduncles). Leaves alternate. Fk)wer-heads axiUary. The genus is probably limitcd to a single species, extenJing from Eastern Atrica over East India and the Archipelago and northward to Japan. 1. C. javanensis, Trccul in Ann. Sc. Nat. scr. 3, viii. 123. A shrub usuaUy cHmbinf:-, but sometimes said by DaUachy to be a strag-f^-Ung- shrub or smaU tree, the AustraHan specimens aU quite glabrous except the inllorescence. Leaves petiolate, obiong- or eUiptical, usuaUy acute or acuminate but sometimes obtuse, quite entire, Ih to 3 in. long-, pen- niveined and reticuhite, but the veins impressed not prominent. Spines straig'ht or recurved, attaining- about l^ in. Flower-heads soUtary or 2 tog-ether, on peduncles of 1 to 3 Unes, the males 2 to 3 Unes diameter, the females smaUer at first but attaining- 6 to 8 Unes vv^hen in fruit, and usuaUy sUglitly tomentose. — Bureau in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 5, xi. 378, with the several synonyms adduced ; Maclura javanica, Miq. ; Blume Mus. Bot. ii. 83, t. 31 ; Morus calcar-galli, A. Cunn. Herb. Queensland. Brisbane river, Moreton Bay, A. Cunningham, F. 3Iueller ; Rock- hamplon, 0'S/ianesy ; Stewart's Creek, Bowman ; Rockingham Bay, Dallachy ; Mackay river, Sutherland. N. S. \Vales. Cabramatta and Huuter's river, Woolls; Sydney woods, Paris Ex- hibitiou 1855, AlcArthur, n. 76; Kiama, Harvey. 6. ANTIARIS, Leschen. Flowers monoecious, the males densely crowded on a broad receptacle bordered by an involucre of smaU bracts, the females soUtary. Male perianth of 4 rarely 3 segments, imbricate in the bud. Stamens 4 rarely 3, the filaments very short. Female flowers consisting- of an involucre of several bracts, in irregular rows, adnate to the ovary and closely combined in an ovoid mass, the tips alone free, without any intervening' perianth. Style divided nearly to the base into 2 long- fiUform stig-matic branches. Ovule pendulous. Fruit consisting- of the enlarg-ed more or less succulent involucre and pericarp. Seed pendulous, with a crus- taceous testa and no albumen. Embryo straight, with thick phmo- convex cotyledons, and a short superior radicle. — Trees or shrubs with a milky juice. Leaves alternate, distichous. Stipules smaU, deciduous. Inflorescence axiUary. The genus consists of few species natives of tropical Asia and Africa and of the islands of the South Pacific, and includes the celebrated Upas Iree of the Archipelago. The Australian species, in as far as known, appears to be endemic. 1. A. macrophylla, R. Br. in Flind. Voy. ii. 602, t. 5. A taU shrub or very smaU much branched tree, quite g'hal)rous. Leaves broadly oblong-, shortly acuminate, entire, sUghtly and unequaUy cordate at the base, coriaceous, 4 to 8 in. long-, 2 to 4 in. wide, penniveined with pro- N 2 180 cix. URTICE^. [Antiaris. ininent very spreading primary veins, the petioles l to | in. lon^. Vlower-heads several on a very short common peduncle, the lowest female, the others male, on short pedicels. Male receptacle llat or con- •cave, ahout 5 lines diameter, the marginal l)racts ciliate, at first inllexed, at length reliexed. Flowers sessile, the perianth shorter than the mar- ginal hracts, with spathulate connivent segments. Female invohicre glahrous. Fruit the size of a small plum, dark red, the llesh full of a white milky juice. N, Australia. Sliores of Company's Island opposite Arnhem's Land, B. Broion. — I have found no specimen of this plant in any of the heibaria I have had access to, aiid have therefore no means of conjparing it with the closely allied Archipelago species. The above description is taken from Brown's elaborate account and Bauer'8 plate in FHnders' Voyage. Tribe 3. MoREJE. — Flowers unisexual, in dense spikes or heads. Stamens inllected in the bud. Styles usually 2-branched. Ovules pendulous or laterally attached. Embryo incurved or involute. Trees or shrubs, very rarely herbs. 7. MALAISIA, Blanco. (Cephalotropis, Blume ; Dumartroya, Gaudich.) Flowers dioecious, the males in oblong or cylindrical spikes, the females in globular heads on a small receptacle. Male perianth deeply divided into 3 or 4 lobes or segments, valvate in the bud. Stamens 3 or 4, the filaments elongated, inliected in the bud. Female perianth urceolate, with a small oriiice, enclosing the ovary. Style wuth 2 elon- gated stigmatic branches. Ovule pendulous. Fruiting-head not much enlarged, the nuts enclosed in the slightly succulent perianths. Seed with a thin testa and very scanty albumen. Cotyledons very unequal, curved over the ascending radicle, the larger one embracing the smaller one in its concave surface. — A straggling tree or woody climber, with a milky juice. Leaves alternate, usually entire. Stipules smtill, deciduous. Inflorescence axillary. The genus appears to be limited to the single Australian species, extending over the Indian Archipelago and islands of the South Pacific to the Pbilippines. 1. M. tortuosa, Blanco, Fl. Felip. 789. A small straggling tree with its upper branches twining according to some collectors, or a tall climbing shrub, glabrous or the young shoots and inflorescences slightly •pubescent. Leaves shortly petiolate, oblong-elliptical or almost ovate, very obtuse or acuminate, coriaceous, prominently penniveined, l^ to 3 in. long. Male spikes solitary or Ij together, sessile or shortly pe- dunculate, dense, often curved, 2 to 6 lines long. Female heads 1| to 2 lines diameter or rather larger when in fruit, tomentose, solitary on short peduncles or forming little axillary racemes (short leafless flower- ing branches) always much shorter than the leaves. Bracts numerous, concave, the prominent dorsal pubescent gibbosities densely imbricate. Flowers mostly rudimentary, only 2 or 3 in the head perfect, concealed AMuluisia.] CIX. UHTICK.E. 181 iiTuier the bracts except the lonof filiform exserted style-branches. — Biireau in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 5, xi. 309, with tlie following" Australian besides several other synonyms ; M. Cu/ininf/hamii, Planch. in Ann. Sc. IVat. ser. 4, iii. 093, F. Muell. Fra-ht and left. Male fl. : Perianth of 1 or 2 (anterior and posterior) concuve or hood-shaped segments, breaking- off at their narrow base as they are forced off by the development of the stamen. Stamen 1, the lihiment folded in the bud, erect and exserted ("rom the sheath of bracts when fully out. Anther with 2 larg-e distinct cells, phiced back to back, and openiag' in 2 valves. Female fl. : Perianth none. Ovary minute, 1-celled. Style very shortly entire, with 2 long- fihform stig^matic branches. Ovuh's 2, collateial, semi-anatropous, hiterally attached above the base of tlie cell. Fruit a globuhir ovoid or c^^lindrical compact cone, formed of the enhirg-ed thickened more or less woody bracts and bracteoles, the bracteoles closed ag-ainst each other over the unripe nut, often pro- truding- beyond the bracts, and o{)ening- as two valves when ripe. Nut much compressed hiterally, smooth and shining-, produced at the apex into a membranous often transparent wing-, traversed longitudinally by an opaque nerve (the base of the style). Seeds solitary, erect, laterally attached by a funicle showing at its apex the second abortive ovule ; testa membranous; no albumen; embryo with 2 larg'e flattened cotyledons and a small superior radicle. — Trees or shrubs, with leafless wiry or rig-id erect or pendulous branches and usually nuraerous deci- duous verticiHate branchlets, often articulate at the nodes. Leaves replaced by very small scales in whorls of 4 to 16 often united at the base, their midribs decurrent to the next node forming so many ribs or angles to the internode ; the scales of each node alternating; with those of the nodes immediately below and above, so that when the in- ternodes are very short (as in the inflorescences), then the bracts, axillary flowers, cfec, are superposed in twice as many series as there are parts of each whorl. Male spikes terminating- deciduous branchlets, or almost sessile along- the permanent branches, the female cones usually sessile or only shortly peduncuhite, but in both sexes there are always 1, 2 or more barren internodes and sheaths below the flowering" ones. The number of parts of each whorl, whether on the branches, branchlets, spikes, or cones, are the same in the same phint, or rarely fewer on the weaker branches and branchlets than on the stronger ones. Anthers and style-branches usually purple or red, the latter eleg-antly fring-ing the female flower-cones. The Order conBists but of a single genus, chiefly Australian, but extenfling also over tropical Asia from East Africa to the Imlian Archipelago and South Pacific islauds. Tlie Australian species apppar to be all endemic cxcept C. eqiiisefifidia, wliich raiiges over nearly the whole area of tho Onier, and has become natnralizcd iu many tropical and subiropical regions of the New aiid thc Oid World. Except tlie New Caledonian types there are verj few species, and possiblj none besides C nodijlora from the South Pacific, which are not Austraiian. The Order is a very distinct one, the floral structure may be nearly that of UrticecB, but the remarkable vegetative characturs have no nearer parallei than amongst some Coniferce. Tlie perianth-segments, sometiiues called inner bracteoles, are generally described in the gencric character as two, an anterii)r and a pnstcrior ; but in some iu- dividiialsor specins there is only one, the posterior one. I have found it so, as figured in the Flora Tasmanica, in C. stricta {C. quadrivalvis), aud in some othcr species I have VOL. VI. O 194 CX. CASUARINE^. found both tbe anterior . Hoohcr. — The oak of the colonists. S. Australia. St. Vincent^s Gulf, Blandowshi; Bugle Range, PortLincoln, Kan- garoo island, I<\ Mueller. The Lachlan river specimens distinguished by Miquel as two varieties under the names of macrocarpa and cristatu were probably all gatliered from one tree ; the cones di) not appear to me t > l)e iarger ihan are niaiiy of the Tasnianian specimens. The C. Gunnii, formerl y pubiisheJ by Miquel and reduced by Hooker to a var. spectabilis of C, quadrivalvis, differs in nothing but a more robust habit. o2 196 cx. CASUARiNE^. [Casuarina. 2. C. trichodon, Ifig. in Pl. Preiss. i. 641 ; Bev. Cas. 63, t. 8, and in DC Prod. xvi. ii. 336. A tall erect shrub closel}' resemblin'nta only, may belong to C. disiijla, or possibly to C. hicuspiduta. Some specimens with sliorter cones from Murchison river, are referred by Miquel to C. ohem, Miq. in Pi. Preiss. i. 640, which he afterwards, in DC. Prod. xvi. ii. :h34, re- duces to C. glnnca, an 1 thi^y certainly appear in some measure iiitermodiate betweea that species and C. Ilaciiikes small and dense, with short imbricate sheaths as in C. naiui, but usually still shorter, varying- from !2 to 4 lines long-. Cones oblong- or cylindrical, mostly about | in. long-, but sometimes leng-then- ing- to 1 in., g-Iabrous or very slightly ciliate, the valves not produced beyond the dorsal tubercles, but these tubercles are usually 6 to each valve, all small and nearly equal, forming- on the cone 3 long-itudinal rows between each line of valves, sometimes pressed iiito 2 rows whea the valves are open. — C. Freissiana, Miq. in PI. Preiss. i. 040, and Rev, Cas. 31, t. 2; C. selughioides, Miq. in PI. Preiss. i. 643, and Rev. Cas. 35, t. 3 B ; C. Lehvianniana, Miq. in PI. Preiss. i. 639, and Rev. Cas. 33, t. 3 A, and C. tephrosperma, Hort. Hamb. Miq., Rev. Cas. 31, all referred to C. humilis, by Miq. in DC. Prod. xvi. ii. 340 ; C. nana, A. Cunn. Herb. not of Sieb. W. Australia. King George's Sound to Swan River, Drummond, Ist coll. n. 732, 733, also n. 238 and 333, Freiss, n. 2008, and according to Miquel, n. 2003, 2005 and 2009, A. Ciinnvigham, Baxter, F. Mneller and others; Muichison river, Oldfidd ; Diriv Hartog's Island, Milne. C. ramidiflora, Olto and Dietr. Miq. Rev. Cas. 38, t. 4 A, is believed by Miquel to be an abnormal cultivated fnrm of C. hnmilis with G-nierous whorls and terminal concs. It maj however perhaps be rather referrible to C. suherosa. 12. C. torulosa, Ait. Hort. Kew. iii. 320. A small tree, dioecious or sometimes monoecious, with more slender branchlets than any other species except some forms of C. s^iherosa, the ribs scarcely prominent. Whorls 4-merous or very rarely (only in cultivated specimens ?) the parts increasing- to 5, the sheath-teeth very short. Male spikes very slender, -1 to 1 in. long, terminating- deciduous branchlets, compact althoug-h the short sheaths scarcely ov.^rlap. Cones nearly g-Iobular but ilat-topped, about | in. diameter, the valves very woody, broad, slightly protruding-, villous on the back, the dorsal protuberance divided into numerous small nearly equal tubercles. — Miq. in DC. Prod. xvi. ii. 341, but not of his Rev. Cas. ; C. tenuissima, Sieb. in Spreng-. Syst. iii. 804, Miq. Rev. Cas. 39, t. 4. Queensland. Brisbane river, Moreton bay, and Burm tt river, F. Mueller ; Strad- brooke ishind, Fraser ; Berseker range, 0'Slianesij (with very corky bark) ; Rock- hanipton, Tliozd ; Rnckinghani bay, Dallacliy ; Moiint Elliutt, i^jisaZare; Queeusiand ■vvoi.ds, Li^ndon KxhiLition 1862, Hdl, n. 7. N. S. W^ales. Port Jackson, F. Broivn, Sieher, n. 327, Woolls ; Newcastle, Leicliliardt ; Ha^tings aiid Macleay rivers, Beclder ; Sydney woods, Tans Kxhibition 1859, C. Mnore, n. 59, and Loiuion Exiiibition 18(32, C. Moore, n. 72. S. Australia. Port Lincoln, B. Brown. 13. C. decussata, Benth. Branches apparently elongated and slender as in C. torulusa, to vvhich this species is closely allied, and the L'(u<:uarina.] CX. CASUAUINEiE. -01 wliorls similarly 4-nierous, but the ang-les ver}' acute and two opposite ones more prominent thau the t^'o others, f>-iving- them the decussate appearance of the Polynesian C. nodiflora. Male sjjikes only seen on one specimen, terminatinji- slender branchlets or liere and there sessile, |- to I in. hjnu-, the slieath-teeth acuminate and imbricate. Cones as in C. tonilosa, nearly i>-h)l)uhir, ilat-topped, | in. diameter, very woody, tlie broad valves very sliiihtly protruding- beyond tlie rather numerous obtuse small and nearly erpial dorsal tubercles, ferrug'inous-villous between the tubercles. "WT. Australia. Towards Cape Riche, Drummond, btk coll. n. 434. 14. C. Decaisneana, F. Mudl. Franm. i. 01. A tree of 30 to 40 ft. the branches terete, ri^-id, scarcely ribbed, the internodes above h ^^- long-. Whorls 4-merous, the sheath-teeth somewhat paleaceous, lanceolate, fine-pointed, 1 to 2 lines long-, or on the young- permanent braufhes often 8 lines, erect and never recurved. Male spikes unkuown. Cones ovoid, very shortly pedunculate, l^ in. long- and 1 iu. diameter, very woody, tomenrose-villous, the thick valves not protruding- beyond the broad thick undivided dorsal tubercles. — Miq. in DC. Prod. xvi. ii. 340. N. Australia. Desert inlerior, near Moiint Mueller, F. Mueller. 15 ? C. Drummondiana, Miq. Eev. Cas. 26, 1. 1 D, and in DC. Prod. xvi. 343. A bushy shrub, with the divaricate rigid intricate branchlets of C. microstachi/a, but the whorls are mostly 5-merous, the interuodes shorter, less constricted at the uodes, the male spikes 2 to 3 lines long, aud mostly supported on branchlets of | to -1 in., althoug-h sometimes nearly sessile. Cones unknown. W. Australia. Drummond, probably towards Cape Riche. 10. C. microstachya, Miq. in Pl. Preiss. i. 642, Rev. Cas. 24, t. 1 E, and in DC. Prod. xvi. ii. 343. A rig'id much branched dioecious shrub, in dower when only 6 in. to 1 ft. hig-h, but said to attain 3 ft., emitting' usually at every node short branchlets either of a single internode or again brauched, \vithout any of the long' simple deciduous branchlets of mobt species. Whorls 4-merous, the internodes 4-sided, with obtuse often transversely rug'ose ang'les, constricted at the nodes, the sheath- teeth small and acute. Male spikes mostly sessile at the uodes, or ter- minating exceedingly short rigid branchlets, ovoid or globular, 1 or rareh' 2 lines long-. Cones sessile, globular or ovoid, \ to ^ in. long-, the valves not protruding- beyond the broad dorsal tubercular-rugose protuberances, which are usually divided into 3 scarcely prominent compartmcnts. ■W. Australia. King Genrge's Sound and adjoining districts, Fraser, Preiss, n. 1'j97 and 1990, F. Mueller ; Gordon river, il/aAmZ^ / Swan river, Drummond, Istcoll., Prciss. Sect. 3. AcAXTHOPiTYs. — Wliorls (of stem-ang-les, sheath-teeth, and ilowers) 10-12-merou&or 4-5-merous. Cone-valves very prominent, 202 CX. CASIfARINEiE. [('(tXUiirilttt . the dorsal })rotuberance produced iuto a rigid point as long- as or longer tlian the valve. 1?. C. bicuspidata, Benth. A stout shrub (or tree ?) with nume- rous whorled erect branchlets resembling- those of C. stricia. Whorls mostly 10-merous, but probably varying- from 9 to 12 parts, the inter- nodes striate, the teetli setaceous, Male amenta terminating- long* branchlets, but only seen very young-^ then from | to 1 in. long-, tlie sheath-teeth finely setaceous as in C. trichodon. Cones larg-er (1 to liin. long-) sessilej ovoid-g'lobuhir, the valves very prominent, rigidly acuminate, thickened and smooth on the back, the keel-like pro- tuberance of the lower part produced into a free point of the length and shaj)e of the point of the valve itself S. Australia. Flinders Island, S. Brown. ■W. Australia, lioe, two cones in the Kevv Museum witliout indication of the precise station. 18. C. thuyoides, Miq. in Pl. Preiss. i. G41 ; Fev. Cas. 27, t. 2 A, and in DC. Prod. xvi. ii. 343. A strag-g-ling- or spreading' monoecious shrub of 3 to 6 ft. in lieig'ht, with numerous spreading- slender branchlets rarely much above 1 in. long-, consisting- of several short nearly equal terete internodes, the ribs scarcely prominent. "Whorls 4-merous or 5-merous. Male spikes usually about 2 lines long-, con- sisting- of 3 to G sheaths, rather close, with short teeth. Cones sessile or nearly so, g-lobuhir, about ^ in. diameter, the bracts very short and broad with a minute point, the valves prominent, broad, obtuse, the dorsal protuberance thick at the base but smooth, and produced into a lanceohite-acuminate pung-ent point much long-er than the valve. — C. echinnta, R. 13r. Herb. W. Australia. Lucky bay, R. Broivn ; Quangen district and Hay river, Preiss, n. 2004 ; King George's Sound and to tiie eastward towards Cape Kiche, Prummond, 'Srd cull. n. 233, Baxter, Harvey, Maxwell, F. Mueller. 19. C. acuaria, F. Muell. Fragm. vi. IG. A shrub ? with erect rig-id branches, the deciduous branchlets very numerous, erect, slender but rigid, all consisting- of only 2 internodes, the lowest only 1 to 1-^ lines long-, the terminal one 1 in. long- or more, ending- in a pung'ent point. Whorls 4-merous. Sheath-scales membranous and very acute. Male spikes (only seen young-) clustered at the ends of the branches, already 3 to 4 lines long-, but probably longer when in llower, cylin- drical, slender, with imbricate sheaths. Cones solitary or clustered 2 to 4 tog-ether at the end of more or less developed branches, g-lobuhir, I to 1 in. diameter. Bracts thickened into a broad triangular apex w4th a small rig-id point. Valves much protruding-, obtuse, tlie dorsal pro- tuberance thick and villous at the very base, produced into an external bract tapering' into a long- rig'id point mucli exceeding' the valve. — ■ C. oxjclada, Miq. in DC. Prod. xvi. ii. 344. W. Australia. Drummond, ith coll. n. 240, 241. rxi. t'ii'KHA('KiT:. '201] Order cxi. PIPERACE^. Flowers hermaphrodite or unisexual, iii closely packed spikes or rarely racemes, each with a subt. Xoi\ Holl. 9. A tall woody climber, the branches aiid up})er surface of the leaves g-labrous or nearly so. Leaves ovate, acuminate, oblique and often slightly cordate at the ba.se, mem- branous, septuplinerved, 3 to 6 in. long", more or less sprinkled or villous underne;ith with scattered hairs. Spikes unisexual, the males not seen, the females leaf-opposed, 1 to 3 in. long-, on peduncles rarely exceeding* ^ in. Berries red, ovoid or almost globular, i3 to 2|- lines lons", on stipules of about the same length. — Cas. DC. Prod. xvi. i. 342. Queensland. Endeavour river, Banks and Solander ; Mackayand Murray rivers, Koukin-ham bay, DaUachij. 5. P. triandrum, F. MucU. Fragm. v. 197. A "■ bushy climber," quite gdabrous. Leaves shortly petiolate, ovate, acuminate, unequal at the base but scarcely cordate, membranous, quintupli- or septupli- nerved, 3 to o in. long". Male spikes leaf-opposed, slender, 3 to 5 in. long*. Bracts adnate to the rhachis, with a very small free margin sepa- rating- the coils or ring-s of llo-wers. Stamens 3, the anthers slightly protruding*. Female spikes unknown. — Cas. DC. Prod. xvi. i. 365. Queensland. Mackay river, DaUachy. 6. P. hederaceum, .4. Cunn.; Cas. DC. Prod. xvi. i. 366. A " maf^- nificent woody elimber ascending- to the tops of trees 150 to 180 ft. hig-h," quite g-Uibrous. Leaves shortly petiolate, ovate, shortly acumi- nate, unequal but not cordate at the base, more coriaceous than in any other Australian species, quintupli- or septupli-nerved, 2 to 3 in. long-. Male spikes leaf-opposed, 1 to l^ in. iong-, 1 to l^ lines diameter, very dense. Bracts broadly orbicular, shortly peltate, sessile or nearly so, closely imbricate and coneealing' the stamens in all our specimens, but perhaps not yet fully out. Stamens 2 (or nearly 3 .''). Female spikes ovoid-oblong", about \ in. long*. Bracts like those of the males, but the ovaries shortly protruding-, with 3 small stig'mas. Very young' berries not stipitate. N. S. \Vales. \Ma,^?irTa,, A. Cunningham,Backhouse; Sydney woods, Paris E.xhi- bition 1855, Jlacarthur, n. 14. P. australa-ncum, Cas. DC. Prod. xvi. i. 353, from Huegel's coliection, is probably the same species, remarkable for the firm consistence of its leaves, and very distinct in its flrtral eliaracters. The supposed persistent character of the anthers, on which account Casimir DC. placed the P. hederaceum in his section Apopiper, was in this instance founded on the observation of imperfect specimens, as I learn from M. C. De Candolle himseif. 2. PEPEROMIA, Ruiz and Pav. Flowers hermaphrodite, the subtending- bract peltate. Stamens 2 ; anther-cellscontluent at the apex, the whole anther opening- in 2 valves. 206 cxi. PiPERACE^. [Peperomia. Ovary 1-celled with a single ovule. Stig-nia tufted or capitate. Berries sessile or scarcel}^ stipitate. — Herbs sometimes very small, rarely tall or shrubby at the base. Leaves alternate opposite or whorled, usually succulent or membranous and pellucid-dotted. Spikes slender, termi- nal axillary or rarely leaf-opposed. Flowers and berries very small. Tbe genus is spread over the tropical and subtropical regions of tbe New and tbe Old World, but is especially ricb in American species. Of tbe two Australiau species one is also in tbe Pacific islands, tbe otber extends over nearly the wbole area of the genus. Leaves usually opposite, pubescent, tbin wben dry 1. P. leptostachya. Leaves iu whorls of four, glabrous or nearly so, coriaceous when dry 2. P. rLjlexa. 1. P. leptostachya, Hook. and Arn. Bot. Beech. 96. Stems shortly decumbent and rooting- at the base, ascending- or erect, from a few inches to about 1 ft. long", more or less pubescent with scattered hairs as well as the foliage. Leaves opposite or rarely appearing- whorled from the close approximation of two whorls under the branches, ovate elliptical or obovate, obtuse or obtusely acuminate, under ^ in. long- in rocky ex- posed situations, above 1 in. in shady woods, cuneate or rounded at the base, thinly membranous when dry, 5-nerved but the lateral nerves near the marg-in and sometimes very faint. Spikes ver^' slender, ter- minal or in the upper axils, 2 to 3 in. long or even more. Bracts very small, peltate, almost sessile. Berries usually pubescent. — Cas. DG. Prod. xvi. i. 448 ; Miq. Pip. Nov. Holl. 6 ; P. Baueriam var. Bris- laniana, Cas. DC. l.c. 414. Queensland. Brisbane river, Moreton bay, F. Mueller ; Rockbampton, common in tbe scrubs, 0\Shanes)j, Bowman, Dallachy ; Eockingbam bay, TJallaehy. N. S. Wales. Newcastle, Harvey ; New Englaud, C. Stuart ; IUawarra, A. Cunningham. Tbe species is also in the Pacific islands, and is very closely allied to an East Indian one. 2. P. reflexa, A. Dietr. ; Cas. DC. Prod. xvi. i. 451. A small erect or diffuse herb, said to be annual, 2-3-chotomously branched, more or less succulent and quite giabrous or slig-htly pubescent. Leaves in whorls of 4, very shortly petiolate or ahnost sessile, ovate rhomboidal or almost orbicular, very obtuse, \ to ^ in. long-, Heshy when fi-esh, coriaceous when dry, the veins very obscure. Spikes terminal, dense, shortly pedunculate, ^ to l^ in. long-. Bracts almost sessile, peltate. Ovary half-immersed, with a capitate stig"ma. Berries exserted. — Miq. Pip. Nov. Holl. 7 ; Wight Ic. t. 1923. N. S. TVales. Bhie Mountains, Miss Atkinson, Woolls ; Newcastle, Leichhardt ; New England, C. Stuart ; Hastings river, Beckler ; Tweed river, Guilfoyle; Illa- warra, A. Cunnivgham ; Lord IIowe's island, C. 3Ioore. — Common in most tropical countries. Order CXII. ARISTOLOCHIACEiE. Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth herbaceous, adherent to the ovary at the base, with a superior variously shaped entire or lobed limb, the lobes valvate in the bud. Stamens 5^ 0, 8 or more, inserted CXII. ARISTOLOCHIACE^. 207 round the base of the style; anthers 2-celled opening- outwards. Ovary iiiferior, 3- to 6-celled, with several ovules in each cell. Style simple, with an entire or lobed terininal stig-ma. Fruit a capsule, or rarely succulent. Seeds anguhir or compressed. Embryo minute, in the apex of a deshy albumen. — Herbs or rarely shrubs, often cUmbing-. Leaves alternate, without stipules. Flowers usually axiihiry, solitary or racemose. A small Order, coramon to tlie New and the Old World, cliiefly tropical, with a few species di.sperscd over the temperate rep^ious of the northern hemisphero, and a very few extratropical ^outh American ones. The only Australian genus, the principal one of the Order, has the same general geograpliical range. 1. ARISTOLOCHIA, Linn. Perianth constricted over the ovary, then dilated into an utricle enclosing- the stamens and pistil, and produced above the utricle into a limb usually unihibiate, or in a few species not Australian unequally bihibiate or 3-lobed. Stamens adnate to the style ; anthers 6 or rarely 5, sessile or on very shortly free filaments. Stig-ma 3-, 5- or 6-lobed. Capsule usually 6-celled and opening- in 6 valves from the base upwards the pedicel itself also splitting-. — CHmbers or rarely erect herbs or undershrubs. Flowers axillary, solitary or in clusters or racemes. Perianth very larg-e in some species uot Australian. The genus is widely distributed over the warmer and temperate regions of the globe. Of the live Australian species one is a common South Asiatic one, the other four are endemic. Woody climbers, with coriaceous reticulate leaves. Leaves much acuminate, deeply cordate at the base. Perianth- lip broadly triangular . . _. 1. ^. deltantha. Leas'es obtuse or scarcely acuminate, scarcely cordate at the base. Flowers unknown 2. A. prcevenosa. Small trailing herbs. Leaves membranous. Flowers solitary. Perianth-lip linear-lanceolate. Leaves 1 to 2 in. long, oblong or ovate, cordate 3. A. puhera Leaves 2 to 5 in. long, linear or linear-lanceolate 4. .4. Thozetii. Climbing herbs. Leaves membranous. Flowers in axillary race- mes or clusters 5. ^. indica. 1. A. deltantha, F. 3£udl. Fraf/m. vi. 179. A tall climber, appa- rently woody, the branches at first pubescent, but becoming- g-Iabrous. Leaves shortly petiolate, oblong or obIong--IanceoIate, acutely acumi- nate, deeply cordate at the base, 3 to 5 in. long-, coriaceous, smooth and shining- above, peniveined, 3- or o-nerved and very strong-Iy reti- culate underneath. Pedicels and very young buds very hirsute. Perianth (a sing-Ie one in Herb. F. Muell.) " very dark in coloured stripes," hirsute, the tube about 4 Hnes long-, the utricle very oblique scarcely stipitate, the upper portion as long- as the utricle, curved and dilated upwards, the lamina or lip forming- an almost equilateral obtuse- ang-Ied triang-Ie, 5 lines broad. Style hemispherical, with 6 erect sti<'-- matic lobes, without any external transverse ring. Anthers sessile and equidistant. Fruit (only seen in an imperfect state) " yellow at least 208 cxii. ARiSTOLocHiACEJE. \Aristolochia. 3 in. long" and 1 in. diameter, witli 6 proniinent longitudinal ribs. Seeds and pulp yellow" {Dallachy). Queensland. Eockingham bay, DaUachy. 2. A. prsevenosa, F. Muell. Fragm. ii. 166. A tall climbing' shrub, the voung- branches and principal veins of the underside of the leaves ferru2'inous-pubescent or nearly giabrous. Leaves petiolate, from ovate-oblong- and 3 to 4 in. long", to narrow-oblong- and 8 to 10 in., obtuse or obtusely acuminate, rounded or slightly cordate at the l)ase, coriaceous, shining above, penniveined and more or less distincth* 8- or 5-nerved, with numerous prominent transverse and reticulate veinlets underneath. Flowers unknown. Capsule (according- to F. Mueller) ovoid-ciobular, 1 in. long-. Seeds compressed, tubercular-rugose. — Duchartre in DC. Prod. xv. i. 496. N. S. TVales. Clarence river, Beckler. — The only specimens I have seen are without tlowers or fruit. 3. A. pubera, i». Br. Prod. 349. A small prostrate or trailing herb, with an apparently perennial base, the stems sometimes attaining 1 to 2ft., sometimes not above 2 or 3 in., more or less pubescent, or sometimes quite glabrous. Leaves on rather long petioles, ovate ovate- lanceolate or oblong-pandurate, obtuse, cordate at the base with broad rounded auricles, 1 to 2 in. long. Pedicels axiUar}-, solitary, 1-flowered, 1 to 2 lines long below the ovary, which at the time of flowering is scarcely distinguishable from it, usually bearing a very small bract near the base. Perianth " dark crimson," pubescent or giabrous out- side the tube, 6 to 7 hnes long, shortly constricted below the oblique utricle, slender and cylindrical above it, the lip lanceolate, about as lono- as the tube. Style broadly hemispherical, with 6 short narrow erect stigmatic lobes, surrounded at the base by a ring of giand-Iike horizontal lobes, immediately over the sessile anthers. Capsule sti- pitate, obovoid-giobular, about f in. long when perfect, but in some specimens much smaller. Seeds cymbiform, the outer convex surface elegantly tubercular-punctate. — A. strictiflora, Duch. in DC. Prod. xv. i. 484. Queensland. Brisbane river, W. Hill ; Rockhampton, O^Shanesy; Elliot river and Xerkool creek, Bowman ; Rockingham bay, Dallachy ; in herb. £. Brown ■wxihoni indication of the station. N. S. 'Wales. Clarence river, BecTder. 4. A. Thozetii, F. Muell Fragm. ii. 16?. A trailing or prostrate herb, closely allied to and perhaps a variety of A. pvhera, usually rather stouter. Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, broader at the base and cordate or hastate, usually 2 to 4 in. long ; a few of the lower ones rarely almost ovate-lanceolate. Flowers apparently the same as in A. pubera, but not seen perfect. Fruit of A. puiera, and equally variable in size. — Duch. in DC. Prod. xv. i. 484. Qi-^eensland. Rockhamptom, Thozet, O^Shanesy; Keppel bay, Thozet ; Herbert'3 Creek, Bowman; Eockingham bay, Do.Hachy. Anstolochia.] cxii. aristolochiaceje. 209 Var.? amiuttksima. Leaves yery narrow and not dilateJ at the base, pedicels more slender and bracts longer. Flowers oiily seen very young. N. Australia. Port D.uwin, SchuUz, n. .')47, a single specimen. A. Bauerl, Diich. in DC. Prod. xv, i. 484, is probabiy tiie same spccies. 5. A. indica, Linn.; Duch. iii DC. Frod. xv. i. 479, var.? mag-na, F. Miull. Fnuim. vi. \^Q. A tall but a]ipavently herbacoous olabroas twiner. Leaves in the typical tbrni usually ovate-oblong- or ahnost ob- ovate, obtuse, truncate or cordate at the base, aud 2 to 3in. lon"- ; in the AustraUan variety broader, acutoly acuminate, more deej)ly cordate, 3 to 6 in. long-, menibranous, 5- or 7-uerved. Flowers in short axilhiry racemes, sometimos ahnost contracted into chistors, the pedicels usually kmg-er than the common rhachis, and each with a small bract at the base. Perianth not seen in the Austrahan variety, in the typical form with a nearly globuhxr utricle of 2 Hnes diamoter, the tube slender and about 3 Unes long- above the utricle, the Up oblong'-Unear or narrow- lanceohite, obtuse, | to near 1 in. long-, slig-htly dilated and almost 2-auriculate at the base. Capsule ovoid, 1 to li in. long-. Seeds flat, obtusely triang-ular, slightly tuberculate in the centre, with a broad smooth margin. — R. Br. Prod. 349. Queensland. Endeavour river, Banks and Solavder {Herh. R. Broivn); Eock- ingham bay, Dallichy. — The latter specimens are in leaf only -with two detaciicd capsulos, the iJentification is tlierefore doubtful. The species is widely distributed over East ludia and the Archipolago. Order cxiii. CUPULIFER^. Flowers monoecious. Males in spikes or catkins. Perianth of 1 or several usually unequal scales, seg-ments, or lobes. Stamens 1 or more, with or without a central rudimentary pistil ; filaments slender ; anthers 2-celled. Female Howers solitary or few tog-ether, surrounded by scales or bracts eitlier remaining- free or more frequently united iu an entire or lobed involucre ofton enclosing- the fruits, and sometimes grow-ing" out into sette or prickles. Perianth-tube adnate to the ovarv, the limb usually 6-toothed. Ovary inferior, 1-ceIIed or more or less perfoctly 3- or more-celled. Styles as many as cells, simple, stig-matic in the upper portion. Ovules 1 or 2 in each cell, erect or pendulous. Fruit consisting- of one or more nuts placed upon, or more or loss enclosed in, the usually enlarged persisteut involucre. Seeds usually solitary in each nut, w^ithout albumen. Embryo various, the radicle usually suporior. — Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, penniveined, with or without stipules. Male catkins usually falling- off entire. The Order is almost limited to the northern hemisphere in the New as well as the Old World, with the exception of the singie Aiistnilian genus, wliicli belongs to tho teniperate and colder regions of both tlie northern aud the southern hemispheres. L FAGUS, Linn. Male flowers in globular pendulous catkins within small scales falling- off very early, or rarcly solitary. Perianths shortl}- stalked VOL. VI. P 210 CXIII. CUPULIFER^. [Fa^us. within each catkin-scale, campanulate, 4- to 6-lobed, containing 8 to 16 stamens, with protruding- tihmients. Female catkins g-lobuhir, almost sessile, the scales Hnear, with numerous closely-packed filifonn inner scales, all empty except the innermost and forming- an invohicre round 2 to 4 sessile ilowers in the centre of the catkin. Perianth-limb of 4 or 5 short lobes. Ovary 3-celled, with 2 pendulous ovules in each celL Styles 3. Nuts 2 to 4, angled or winged, enclosed in a hard prickly involucre, com])osed of the combined scales of the catkin, and opening in 4 valves.— Trees or rarely shrubs. Leaves alternate, coriaceous, penniveined, frequently phcate and toothed. Stipules usually deciduous. Male catkins usually in the lower axils, the females in the upper ones. The genus coniprises 2 or 3 European or North American species, and several Antarctic ones from South America and New Zealand. The Australian species are all endemic. Leaves strongly plicate, with the veins very prominent nnder- neath. Stipules persistent, saccate at the base . ... 1. F. Gunnii, Leaves flat, coriaceous, the veins slightly prominent. Stipules membranous, very decidnous. Leaves of flowering branches broad, very obtuse, ? to § in. long 2. F. Cunninghamii. Leaves of flowering branches ovate, shortly acute, | to 1 in. long 3. F. Moorei. 1. F. Gunnii, Hook. f. in Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 881; Fl. Tasm. i. 346. A dense bushy shrub, often covering- the ground with an impenetrable scrub 5 to 8 feet high, the young- branches minutely pubescent and the foliage usually sprinkled with a few hairs on the ribs. Leaves very shortly petiolate, broadly ovate or almost orbicular, regularly crenate, strongiy plicate, the primary veins very prominent underneath, mostly about J in., rarely f in. long. Stipules from a gibbous almost saccate base lanceolate-subulate and more persistent than in any other species. Flowers unknown. Fruiting invokicres solitary and sessile in the upper axils, ovoid, about 4 lines long, the valves lanceolate, obtuse, coriaceous, each with 4 to 6 recurved obtuse dorsal scales (or tips of the adnate scales). Kuts usually 3, broadly 3-wing-ed, or the central one 2-winged. — A. DC. Prod. xvi. ii. 120. Tasmania. Summit nf Mount Olympus, at an elevation of 4600 to 5000 ft., Gunn; Mount Lapeyrouse, C. Stuart ; Mount Sorrell, Macquarrie harbour, Milligan. 2. F. Cunninghamii, Hooli. Joum. Bot. ii. 152, t. 7. A tree attaining a lieight of 200 ft. and a girth of 40 ft. with a very dense foHage, reduced on high bleak mountains to a dense shrub of a few feet, giabrous or the branches minutely pubescent. Leaves evergreen, very shortly petiolate, broadly ovate deltoid rhomboid or orbicular, flat or slightiy convex, coriaceous, the midrib and primary veins scarcely prominent underneath, :j to |^ in. long, or on barren shoots twice tliat size and less coriaceous. Stipules membranous, very deci- duous. Male ilowers soHtary and pedicellate in the lower axils of small axillary branchlets. Perianth 6-lobed, about 1| lines long. FdffUS.] CXIII. CUPULIFER-ff;. 211' Stamens about 8, the anthers oblong-, long-er than the filaments. Female invohicre sessile in the upper axils, containing- each 3 Howers. Perianth-hmb of 3 small toeth on the angles of the ovary. Stigmas capitate. Fruiting- iuvolucre about tliree lines long-, the dorsal scales or recurved tips of the catkin-scales narrow and tcrniinating- in a g-land. Nuts usually 'J with 3 wing-s and a central Hat one with 2 wing-s. — Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 340 ; A. DC. Prod. xvi. ii. 122. Victoria. Upper Yaira, Mounts Useful and Bawbaw, Cape Otwaj, Wilson's Pro- montory, F. Mueller. Tasmania. Derwent river, R. Broron ; common especially in mountainous and ■westorn liuniid districts, forming a lars^e proportion of tlie forest and asceuding to 4000 ft. as a shrub. — " Myrtle tree" of tbe colonists, J. D. Hooker. 3. F. Moorei, F. Muell. Frafim. v. 109. A '' beautiful tree 150 ft. hig-h, the trunk of some of them 70 feet to the branches," closely allied to F. Cunmnghaviii ^ but at once known by the leaves which are 1 to 2 in. long on the barren shoots, | to 1 in. on the flowering- branches, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acute or a few only of the lowest obtuse, flat and coriaceous as in F. Cunnijujhamii , but with more numerous and rather more prominent primary veins. Flowers unknown. Fruits of F. Cunninghamii, but larg-er, the involucres mostly about 5 hnes long-. N. S. Wales. On bigh mountain slopes forming den?e forests at the bead of Bel- linger river and Bealsdown Creek, a few at tbe bead of Macleay river, C. Moore (in herb. F. Muelb). — Keceived also from Mr. Moore bimself under tbe name of i^. Car- Tonii, Moore. Order cxiv. SANTALACE^. Flowers hermaphrodite or more or less dioecious. Perianth-tube adnate to the ovary, either entirely or at the base only, or the adnate part reduced to the broad base of the ovar}^ ; simple or showing* a slig-htly prominent ring- outside the Hmb above the ovary, the limb of 3 to 5 rarely 6 seg-ments, valvate in the bud. Stamens as many as the lobes and opposite to them, inserted at their base or within the free part of the tube ; anthers 2-celled, the cells opening long-itudinally, sometimes confluent and apparently opening- in 4 valves. Ovary inferior or if superior attached by a broad biise, usually 1-celled, with 2 to 5 ovules suspended from a free placenta, but the structure often obscure or apparently homog*eneous before fecundation ; stig*ma tef- minal, entire or lobed, sessile on the ovary or borne on a short style. Fruit an indehiscent nut drupe or berry, with a sing-le erect seed. Albumen fleshy ; embryo straight, usually very small near the top of the albumen, with a superior radicle and small cotyledons. — Herbs or shrubs rarely trees, usually g"labrous or nearly so. Leaves alternate or rarely opposite, entire, without stipules, often reduced to minute scales or very deciduoiis. Flowers usually small sometimes minute, in ter- minal or lateral heads cymes or s])ikes, or rarely solitary. Tbe Order is widely dispersed over tbe teniperate parts of tbo globe with a few tro- pical species. Oi the seven Australian genera uue bas a general distribution over the p2 222 CXIV. SANTALACE^. extra-trnpical repions of the Old World, two extend into New Zealand and tropical Asia, and four are liiiiited to Aiistralia. It is nearly related to Olacinece, above described iii the first volume, and to Loranthacece, in the tliird volume ; the latter Order might in- deed have been better placed in the present group. Perianth-tube adnate at the hase, with tbe upper campanulate ovoid or cylindrical portion superior. No scales or glands between the stamens. Friiit a small nut. Herbs or small shruhs, with alternate linear leaves . . . . 1. Thesium. Scales or glands alternating with the stamens at the base of the perianth-limb. Fruit a drupe. Trees or shrubs, with flat leaves mostly opposite 2. Saxtalum. Perianth-tube adnate, the lobes divided to the orary or to a broad epigynous disk. Anthers with 2 parallel cells opening longitudiiially. Fruit a drnpe. Trees or shrubs, with opposite flat leaves .... 3. Fusanus. Anthers terminal, with cells confluent, opening in 2 or 4 lobes. Leaves alteinate, minute and scale-like, or deciduous or noni!. Flowers minute. Flowers solitaiy or clustered, surrounded by 2 to 4 scale-like bracts 4. CHORiiTRUM. Flowers in little spikes or ckisters or rarely solitary, each Bubtended by a single scale-hke bract often very deciduous 5. Leptomeria. Anthers with 2 parallel cells opening hmgitudinally. Habit and inflorescence of Leptomeria 6. Omphacomeria. Perianth iiiferior, the lobes divided to the broad base or dilated summit of the peduncle. Flowers dicecious, usually 3- or 4-merous, the females sohtary, the males in clnsters. Leaves alternate, linear-terete or minute and scale-like _ _. 7. Anthobolus. Flowers polygamous, inflorescence and foliage of Leptomeria, or the leaves developed and flat 8. Exocarpus. (The flowers iu tlie last five genera very much smaller than in the first three.) 1. THESIUM, Linn. Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth-tube adnate at the base, the free portion camptmulate or tubular, with 5 or rarely 4 persi.stent lobes, with a tuft of hairs inside at the base of or behind the stamens. Stamens inserted near the base of the lobes ; filaments short ; anthers with 2 parallel cells opening- lonfjitudinally. Ovary inferior ; placenta filjibrm often flexuose, with 3 ovules suspended from near the apex ; style more or less elonpated with a terminal obtuse or capitate stii^ma. Fruit a small nut, usually ribbed outside and crowned by the persistent free portion of the perianth. — Herbs or small shrubs, with slender wirv stems. Leaves alternate, usually linear. Flowers small, of a ^reenish ^^ellow, solitary or in small cymes, pedunculate in the axils, but the peduncle usually adnate at the base to the subtending* leaf, with 2 bracts on the short free portion. Tbe genus is widely dispersed over the temperate and warmer regions of the Old World, ihe species particularly nimieious in South Africa. The ouly Austrahan species appears to be the same as an East Asiatic one. 1. T. australe, i?. Br. Frod. 353. A g-labrous perennial, with ascending or erect wiry branches, rarely above 1 ft. high. Leaves Thesium.] CXIV. SANTALACEiE. 213 linear, ofton above 1 in. lon;;-, l)ut tlie upper ones mucli sliortor and morc slender, and a few of tlie lowest sliort and broad. Peduncles l-riowered, very sliort, adnate at the base to the subtendinfi" leaf. Perianth scarcely above 1 line when in Hower, cylindrical ; lobes 5, about as lony as the tube. Style reaching- to the level of the anthers, with a capitate stig-ma. Nut ovoid or nearly g-lobuhu", 1 to l^ Unes long-, marked when drv with 8 to 10 longitudinal ribs more or less branched into intcrmediate reticuhxtions, and crowned by the small persistent upper portion of the perianth. — A. DC. Prod. xiv. 653 j Hook . f. Fl. Tasm. i. 33?. Queensland. Moieton bay, Dawson and Burnett rivers, F. Mueller. Itf. S. "Wales. Nepeaii river anJ Cow pastures, li. Brown ; llunter's river, Americaii Kijilurittg Expcdition; Bokhara Vrei^k, Leichhardt ; Arne viver, Beckler ; New Elij,Hand, ('. iStttaft. Victoria. Port Phillip, E. Brown; Delatite and Ovens rivers, Lake Omeo, F. JlitiHer ; Wendu Vale, Robertson. Tasmania. Derwent river, R. Broicn ; also Laurence. 1 am unable to distinguish froni this species the T. chinese, Turcz. ; A. DC. Prod. xiv. 649, fiom N. China, or tlie T. decurrens, BL, A. DC. Kc. (552, from Japan, Formosa, and Loo-choo. Taking the flowers at the sarae age, I hnd tlie same sliape and propor- tions of the perianth-tube and lobes in all ihree. 2. SANTALUM, Linn. Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth-tube adnate at the base, the free portion campanuhite or ovoid, lined with the disk which is entirely adnate but produced between each two stamens into a spathulate or ovate triang'ular scale, the iobes 4 or rarely 5, with a tuft of hairs inside behind each stamen. Stamens inserted at the base of the lobes, the fihTments usually long-er than the intervening- scales ; anthers 2-celled, the cells parallel turned inwards and opening in long-itudinal slits. Ovary semi-inferior, with an erect phicenta with !2 or 3 adnate ovules free ouly at the lower extremity, the phicenta produced above them into a long* point. Style elongated, with a small '2- or 3-lobed stig"ma. Fruit a gdobular drupe, the epicarp Heshy but not thick, marked above the middle or on the summit with a circuhir scar left by the deciduous perianth-lobes, the endocarp hard and usually rugose.— Trees or shrubs. Leaves opposite or rarely alternate, petiohite, entire, coriaceous or somewhatfleshy, the midrib only or when old a few lateral pinnate veins conspicuous. Flowers rather larg-er than in the other genera, in small axillary or terminal trichotomous panicles usually shorter than the leaves and sometimes ahnost reduced to simple racemes. Bracts very small and scale-Hke, falhng- otf long-before the tlowers open. Besides the Australiau species which appear to be endemic, there are a few nearly allied ones in East India, the Eastern Aichipelago, and tbe N. and S. Pacific islands. The species require a caretul revision from complete specimens ; maiiy of those in her- baria, especially tbe Australian ones, are very doubtfui, from the absence of flowers or of fruits, or of both. Flowers several in the panicle. Perianth 3 lines long or more. Fruit A to 5 in. diain., marked witli tho scar of the periauth- lobes considerably.below the sunimit 1.-9. lanccolutum. 214 cxiv. SANTALACEiE. [Santalum. Flowers few (rarely above 3) on the peduncles. Perianth rarely 2 lines long. Fniit 3 to 4 lines diameter, the terminal scar enclosing a small area. Leaves ovate, usually broad and rather acute 2. iS'. ovatum. Leaves oblong or lanceolate, obtuse 3. -S'. oblmsifolium. 1. S. lanceolatum, B. Br. Prod. 356. An erect shrub from 2 or 3 to 15 ft. liigli, or sometimes asmall tree, witli pendulous or spreading branches. Leaves mostly oblong- or lanceohite, rather acute and shortly tapering" into a petiole of 2 or 3 lines, the limb usually l^ to 2-2^ in. long but occasionally varying much in size and breadth, rarely obtuse, the lateral veins often conspicuous on old leaves. Flowers rather large, in trichotomous panicles in the upper axils or at the ends of the branches, rarely exceeding the leaves. Perianth 3 to 3i- lines long, the adnate turbinate base very short, the lobes about as long as the campanulate free portion. Anthers oblong, rather hirge, on short fihiments alternating with broad thick obtuse or spathulate scales or glauds. Drupe obovoid-globular, i to | in. diameter, the circuhir scar of the limb considerably below the summit. — A. DC. Prod. xiv. 082 ; F. Muell. Fragm. i. 85 j S. oUongatum, R. Br. Prod. 355, A. DC. l.c. 683. N. Australia. Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Bro^un; Upper Victoria river, F. Mueller ; Port Darwin, Schultz, n. 517. Queensland. Endeavour river, Banks and Solander, A. Cunningliam ; Port jyemson, Fitzalan, Dallachy ; Eockhampton, Thozet, and otbers; Balandool river, Looher ; Nerkool Creek, Bowman; Armadillo, Barton. N. S. TVales. Gwydir river, Lelohharelt. S. venosum, R. Br. Prod. 355 ; A. DC. Prod. xiv. 683, from Arnhem bay, B. Broum, does not appear to be specifically distinct from the broadleaved forms of S. angustifoliam. Var eingustifolium. Leaves narrow, often with a fine incurved point. N. S. Wales. From the Darling river to C()oper's Creek, Dallachy and Goodwin, Neilson; New England, C. Stuart. 2. S. ovatum, R. Br. Prod. 355. An erect shrub of 7 to 10 ft. Leaves ovate, mostly acute, rather thin, 1 to 2 or rarely 2|in. long, on rather long petioles. Flowers few together in loose cymes scarcely longer -than the petioles, either in the upper axils or at the ends of the branches, and then 3 cymes together a central and 2 lateral ones, the pedicels very short, and often ouly 3 llowers on each peduncle. Perianth dark purple, scarcely 2 lines long, the adnate base turbinate, the free part of the tube campanulate ; lobes 5 or 4, scarcely as long as the free part of the tube. Scales or glands alternating with the stamens, large, ovate, dark purple. Stigma distinctly 3-lobed. Fruit globular, 3 to 4 lines diameter, the scar of the apex enclosing a small area. — A. DC. Prod. xiv. 683. N. Australia. Arnhem N. bay, B. Brown; Port Darwin, Schultz, n. 678, 7!4, 771. — I have only seen fruiting specimens in lierb. Brown aud Banks, the description of the Howers and some otlier particuhirs are taken from Br.iwn's MS. notes, and from Schidtz's specimens which are not in fruit. The species appears to have tlie fruit of S. ohtusifolium, with the foliage near that of some forms of /b'. lanceolatum, of which it niay possibiy prove to be a very broad-leaved small-fruited variety. Santahm.] CXIV. santalace^. 215 S. S. obtusifolium, R. Br. Prod. 850. A tall slender slirub of livid aspect (.1. Cunn.). Loavcs oppositc or tlie iip{)crmost rarely altcrnate, linear-oblong" lanceolate or broadly oblong-, obtuse, rather thick, the niaro;ins often revolute in dr^^ing-, 1 to 2 in. long-. Flowers fcw, in small, shortly peduncuhite axiUary racemes or cymes, the short pedicels or lateral branches rarely bearing' 2 or 3 Howers. Perianth not 2 lines long-, the tube campanulatc, shortly adnate at the base, the free part much long-er ; lobes shorter tiian the tube, triang-uhir, concave. Scales or g-hmds alternating" with the stamens, ovate or trianguhir. Uvary semisuperior, with an elong-ated style, the phicenta acuminate as in S. lanccolatum. Fruit g-lobuhir, 3 or -i lincs diamcter, the scar of the apcx cnclosing- a small area. — A, DC. Prod. xiv. 682. N. S. Wales. Hawkesbury river, B. Brown ; Paramatta, rare, Woolls; llla- warra, A. Cunningham, Shepherd. 3. FUSANUS, Linn. (Eucarya, Mitch.) Flowers hermaphrodite. Pcrianth-tube adnate, turbinate, shortly produced beyond the ovary into a broad open free portion, lined by the sinuatcly 4-lobcd disk, the margin of which is continuously frec iuside the stamens, thc pcrianth-lobes 4, with a tuft of hairs behind each stamen. Fibiments short, intlected over the notchcs of thc disk ; anthers short, with 2 parallcl cells opening- long-itudinally, Ovary inferior, with an crcct rather thick placenta, scarcely acuminate at the top, thc 2 or 3 adnatc ovules distinct only at the base and the whole diliicult to separate from the ileshy ovary before fecundation, Style very short and conical or scarccly any, with 2 or rarcly 3 distinct ter- minal stig-mas. Fruit a g-lobular drupe, crowncd by the persistent perianth-lobes or rarely by the scar only of the fallen lobcs, the epicarp more or less fleshy or succulcnt, the endocarp hard and usually rug-ose or pittcd. — Trces or shrubs with the habit foliag-e and inflorcscence of Santaliini, but with smallcr flowers. Bracts small and very deciduous so as to be rarcly seen. The genus is limited to Australasia, there being besides the Australian species only one known from New Zealand. It is united by De Candolle with Santalum,^ but tbe perianth, the disk, the ovary, and the style appear to me to be sufficiently distinct to maintain the Linnsean genus adopted by Brown, and to show an approach almost as much to Choretrum as to Santalum. Leaves mostly acuminate. Panicles terminal. Perianth-lobes per- sistent till the fruit is nearly ripe l. F. acuminatus. Leaves mostly acute. Panicles axillary. Perianths pedicellate, the lobes falling off immediately after flowering 2. F. i^ersicarius. Leaves mostly obtuse. Panicles axiilary, dcnse. Perianths nearly sessile, the lobes persistent till the fruit is nearly ripe . . . Z. F. spicatus. Leaves mostly obtiise. Fruits nearly sessile, the lobes falling oS'' immediately aiter flowering i. F. crassifolius. 1. F. acuminatus, 7?. Br. Prod. 355. A tall shrub or a tree of 20 to 30 ft. Leaves opposite, lanceolate, acute or sometimes when young- 216 cxiv. SANTALACEiE. [Fusanus. witli a short hooked point, mostly 2 or 3 in. long- and tapering' into a petiole of 2 or 3 lines, but very varinble in size and broadth, coriaceous, with the lateral veins ofton prominent when old. Flowers rather nu- merous, in a terminal pyramidal panicle scarcely long-er than the leaves, but in sonie of the western specimens much reduced. Penanth sj)read- ing' to about '2^ lines diameter, the lobes somewhat concave even when open. Free margin of the disk very pruminent, broadly rounded between the stamens which curve over the notches, Anthers very short. Style exceedingly short and conical or scarcely any, with a deeply 2- or 3-lobed stigma. Fruit g-lobuhir, | to f in. diameter, with a succulent epicarp, and a hard bony much pitted endocarp, the perianth- lobes persisting- on the top till the fruit is nearly or quite ripe. — Sanfahm acnminatum, A. DC. Prod. xiv. Qd"^ ; S. Freissiauum, Miq. in Pl. Preiss. i. 615, A. DC. l.c, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 85 ; S. cof/nafum, Miq. I.c. 616, A. DC. l.c. ; also Fusunus avuminutus, Miq. l.c. 617, accord- ing to F. Muell. N. S. V^ales. Murray and Darling rivers, Victorian and other Expeditions ; MmVjiei?, N. Tai/lor. Victoria. N.W. district, L. Morton; Mount Korong, Herh. F. Mueller; also in MitdielCs collection. S. Australia. Memory Cove and Port Lincoln, R. Brown ; Muriay river near Morunda, F. Mveller. VJ^. Australia. Fowler's bay, E. Brown ; from tlie Kalgan to Swan and Murtlii- son rivers, Oldjield, Maxv;dl, l>rummojid, n. 227, 152, Preiss, n. 2098, 21U2. Var. ? angustifolia. Leaves narrow. Flowers ratlier larger and fewrr. Fruit not seen. — Santalum angustifoliuin, A. DC. Frod. xiv. 685. — W. Auslralia, JJrummund, n. 430, and perhaps also n. 218. 2. F. persicarius, F. Mucll. A tall shrub or small tree, with o])po- site or scattered hmceohite or linear leaves, often very much like thuse of F. acuminatus, but the lateral veins less conspicuous or quite eva- nescent, and more frequently termiuating- in a houked point. Panicles mostly or all in the upper axils and shurter than the leaves, the primary branches bearing- usually a small cyme of few Huwers. Perianth ahnust rotate, opening- to about 2 hnes diameter, the margin of the disk less prominent tlian in F. acuminutus, but the structure of the flowers other- wise the same. Fruit glubuhir, dilfering- according- to F. Mueller in tlie epicarp not succulent and the enclocarp minutely not coarsely pitted, a character rarely to be verified in dried specimens, which huw- ever show that the perianth-lobes fall away immediately after Howering-, h^aving- only a scarcely promineut circuiar scar enclusing- a hirger terminal area than the persistent lobes of F. acuminatus. — Suttfalum pcrsicarium, F. MuelL in Traus. Vict. Inst. 1855, 41 ; Fragm. i. Hij. Victoria. Murray desert, F. Mudler ; ^Vimmera, Dulluchj ; Mouut Dispersion, Mitdiell; Wcndu vale, Jiohirtsnn. S. Australia. Near Mount Baker, F. Mueller. "W. Australia. Gordon river, Maxwdl. F. da-ersifolius, Miq. in Pl. Preiss. i. 617 {Suntalum diversifolium, A. DC. Prod. xiv. 684) froni W. Australia, Preiss, n. 2111, will probably pruve to be the sarae species, aiid the name would have the right of priority, but the several species of Fusauus are FllSdllVS.] CXIV. SANTALACEif:. ~^7 so iniperfectly representod in our licrbaria, that it is as yet impnpsiblc to ostablixh cor- rrctly tlicir respecti^e limits. Eucarija Murrayana, Jlitch. Thrcc Expod. ii. 100, with a woodciit, is niost probably this species. 3. F. spicatus, R. Br. Prod. 355. A tree attaining 30 ft., with spreadin^- but not pendulous branches. Leaves o])j)osite, from obk)ng-- linear to broadl}' oblong- or almost lanceohite, obtuse or rarely acute, contracted into a short petiole, thick, with the mich-ib u.sually very pro- niinent underneath, the lateral veins rarely conspicuous, mostly 1 to t2 in. long-. Flowers in axillary more or less branching- s])ike-like panicles rarely as long as the leaves, rather crowdedand mostly sessile, 3 to 5 together on the sliort secondary branches. Perianth-tube tur])i- nate, about 1 line long-, the broad e])igynous disk with a promiuent free margin ; lobes triangtdar, about as long as the tube. Htyle very short, with 2 rarely 3 stigmas or stigmatic lobes. Fruit g-lobular, f to nearly 1 in. diameter, crowned till nearly ripe by the persi.stent ]jerianth- lobes enclosing- a rather broad area, the putamen nearly smooth. — Santalnm spicatum, A. DC. Prod. xiv. (385 ; S. cygiionm, Miq. in Pl. Preiss. i. G15 ; A. DC. l.c. S. Australia. Spencer's Gulf, R. Brown; Marble Kanges, Wilhelmi? (See F. crassifolius.) W. Australia. Salt and Gardner rivers, Maxirell; N. of Stirling range, F. MucUer ; and thence to Swan and Mnrchison rivers, Oldfield, Harvey, Freiss, n. 2103, Garduer, n. 226; Shark's bay and Dirk Hartog's island, 3Iilne. 4. P. crassifolius, li. Br. Prod. 355. An erect shrub of 2 or 3 ft., the penultimate branches compressed or 4-angied. Leaves o])posite, on very short petioles, linear, obtuse or scarcely acute, entire, Heshy, the margins recurved in the dried specimens, 1 to 2 in. long-. Peduncles axillary, few-flowered at the top, the pedicels very short. Drupes 3 to 4 lines diameter in the specimens but apparently unripe, ovoid- giobular, crowned by an entire rim enclosing- an area smaller than in F. ptrsicaria. — Santalum crassijoliimi, A. DC. Prod. xiv. G85. N. S. Wales. Paramatta and Hunter's river, B. Brown, from his Herbarium aud MS. notes, the station (M) in the Frodromus being evidently a mistake. The sp-M-imens are in fruit oniy, the fruits solitary, ahnost sessile, on axillary peduncles of 3 or 4 lints, with the scars of other fallcn flowers. S. Australia ? The specimeu from Marble Ranges, TFi7/ieZmi, quoted above under F. sjncatus, may possibly belong to F. crassifvlius. 4. CHOBETIIUM, R. Br. Perianth-tube adnate, turbinate, sligiitly produced above the ovary, lined by the truncate or sinuately 4- or 5-lobed disk, and the border of the tube more or less prominent outside the base of the liuib ; seg-ments of the limb 4 or 5, of a somevvhat ditferent texture from the tube, inllected or thickened at the end. Stamens inserted near the base of the segiiients ; iilaments short ; anthers terminal, with coniiuent cells opening- out in 4 valves. Ovary inferior, with an e})igynous disk lining' the free part of the periauth-tube. Style ver^' short, with an entire or 218 cxiv. SANTALACEJE. [Ckoretrum. slightly 2-lobed stigma. Fruit a g-lobular or ovoid drupe, crowned by the persistent perianth-lobes, the epicarp succulent, the endocarp hard and rather thick. — Shrubs with numerous slender or rigid apparently lealless branches, the leaves all reduced to minute scales usually deciduous. Flowers minute, solitary or in little clusters along- the branches, surrounded by an involucre of 2 to 4 or more minute scale- like bracts. The genus is limited to Australia. Flowers 2 to 5 together in shortlj pedunculate or almost sessile lateral distant clusters 1. C. glomeratum. Flowers solitary within each involucre. Branches rigid terete. Flowers approximate in spikes . . . 2. C. spicatum. Branches slender terete. Outer rim of the periauth-tube scarcely prominent 3. C. laterijlorum. Branches slender acutely angular. Outer rim of the perianth- tube promiuent 4. C. Candollei. C. ori/dadum, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 21, from Port Lincoln, Wilhehni, is scarcely refer- rible to the genus. It is a rigid leafless spinescent shrub, with the aspect of Lepto- meria ajjhyUa, but the flowers are sessiie and solitary or in pairs within very short broad connate bracts. Tbe perianths are all closed and ovoid, a line long or more, and when opened they show 5 valvate lobes without stamens or hairs inside, but in the centre of the flower are very numerous minute stamens without any rudimentary ovary. They may all possibly be in a monstrous state. If not, the plant must beloug to some very difierent Order. 1. C. glomeratum, i?. Br. Prod. 354:. An erect shrub, sometimes scarcely 1 ft. hig'h, sometiraes almost arborescent, with numerous erect slender wiry angular branches. Leaves reduced to minute subulate deciduous scales. Flowers smaller than in C. lateriflora, 2 to 6 tog-ether sessile and clustered on a common peduncle of | to 1 line, each cluster surrounded by 3 or 4 minute almost orbicular bracts. Perianth about f line long-, the broadly turbinate adnate tube not above half the leng-th of the lobes, the external margin very slig-htl}' prominent. Drupe when dry 2 to 4 lines long, giobuhir or slightlv ovoid. — A. DC Prod. xiv. ^i^S; Miq. in Pl. Preiss. i. 608; EndL Iconog-r. t. 45. N. S. 'Wales. Croker's Range and Wellington valley, A. Cunninghavi ; Mac- quarrie river, Bun^man ; Castlereagh river, C Moore ; Mudgee, N. Taylor. Victoria. Light river, Port Elliott, F. Mueller. S. Australia. Memory Cove, Port Lincohi, R. Broivn; Encounter bay, Whit- taJier ; Victoria Lake, F. Mueller; Kangaroo island, Waterhouse. W. Australia. Drummond, 3rd coll. n. 199, 200; Cape Riche, Harvey ; Point Henry and Blackwood river, Oldfield; base of Stirling Range, F. Miieller ; Swan river, Preiss, n. 2091. Var. chrysanthum. Flowers rather larger and more yellow. I am quite unable to detect any other difference. — C. chrysanthum, F. Muell. in Hook. Kew Journ. viii. 205, and Pl. Vict. t. 81, ined. ; A. DC. Prod. xiv. 676. — Murray and Avoca desert, ^. Mueller, Behr ; near Wheal Barton Miues, F. Mueller. 2. C. spicatum, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 21. An erect shrub, the branclies terete and when in flower thicker and more rig-id than in the other species, the young" ones slender with numerous closely appressed linear-lanceolate scale-like leaves of about 1 line, which soon fall away. Flowers on the previous year's branches, sessile, solitary at each node Choretrum.] cxiv. santalace.b. 219 but usually numerous so as to form a ratlier close spike, each flower surrouuded by about 4 broad somewhat jaf^-ped bracts, half" as lonp; as the perianth, with some smaller ones outside. Perianth about 1 line long-, the external rim of the adnate tube prominent. Fruit rather small, ovoid-g-lobuhir. Victoria. Murray desert, F. Mueller ; Wimmera, Dallachy ; near Reedy Creek, Irvine; Wendu Vale, Jiobertson. S. Australia. Kangaroo island, Bannier. 3. C. lateriflorum, li. Br. Prod. 354. A shrub, witli erect slender brooni-like branches, terete and sHg-htly striate, the raised decurrent lines not nearly so prominent as in C. Candollci and more continuous. Scale-Hke leaves very small, spreading- and more persistent than in that species. Flowers very shortly pedunculate along- the ends of the branches, solitary within each subtending- bract but surrounded on the peduncle by 4 nearly equal bracts and some smaller on-es outside, all shorter than the perianth-tube. Perianth scarcely 1 line long-, the lobes about as long" as the adnate tube, the marginal rim of which is promi- nent round the base of the lobes. — C. jMudJlorum, A. DC. Prod. xiv. Q7Q j Leptomeria aphiflla, Sieb. Pl. Exs., not of R. Br. N. S. ^Vales. Upper Clarence river, Bechler ; New England, C. Stuart ; Port Jackson, Berrima and Mittagong, Woolh; Laclilan river, A. Cunningham. Victoria. Jlitta Mitta, Latrobe and Murray rivers, F. Mueller. W. Australia. Kiug George's Sound, B. Broion, the specimens closely resem- bling F. Mueller's Latrobe river ones. 4. C. CandoUei, F. Mudl. Hcrh. An erect g-labrous shrub, attain- ing- several feet, with nunierous very slender wiry broom-like branches, acutely angled by short prominently raised lines decurrent from the subulate minute scale-hke leaves, which are very deciduous, the branches appearing- leafless at the time of flowering-. Inflorescence bracts and perianths of C. latcrifiorum, except that the rim or margin of the adnate perianth-tube is scarcely prominent outside the lobes. — , C. laterijionim, A. DC. Prod. xiv. 675, not of R. Br. ; Lcptomeria Billardieri, Sieb. Pl. Exs., not of R. Br. Queenslaud. Wide bay, Bidwill ; Darling Downs, Laio; Moreton bay, F. Mueller. N. S. Wales. Port Jackson to the Blue Mountains, A. Cunningham, ISieber, n. 133, and Fl. Mixt. n. 525; Liverpool plaius, Leichhardt ; New England, C. Sluart ; Castlereagh river, C. Moore ; southward to lUawarra, A. Cunningham, Shepherd; Mudgee, X. Taylor. 5. LEPTOMERIA, R. Br. Perianth-tube adnate, usually narrow, the border not at all or scarcely prominent outside ; seg^ments of the limb 5 or rarely 4, in- flated or somewhat thickened at the end. Stamens inserted near the base of the segments ; fihiments short ; anthers terminal, with confluent cells opening- out into 4 valves or lobes or into an ahnost entire disk, the centre often very prominent and angied or lobed. Ovary inferior, with a more or less distiuct epig-ynous disk. Style very short, with an 2i?0 cxiv. SANTALACEiE. [Leptomeria. entire or slif»]itly lobod sti<;-ma. Fruit a small globular or ovoid fleshy or (iry iiideliiscciit drnpe, crowiied by tbe persistent ])eriantb-lobes. — Sbndjs witb numerous slender or ri<^'id apparently lealiess branciies, tbe leaves all reduced to minute alternate scales usually deciduous, or rarely long-er linear terete and persistent. Flowers minute, in little terminal or lateral s])ikes racemes or clusters, eacb one sessile or sbortly ])edicellate in tbe axil of a sing-le minute scale-like deciduous or per- sistent bract, or rarely tbe bracts developed into leaves and tbe raceme into a leafy branch. The genus is liiinted to Australia. Sect. 1. Xeromeria. — Bracts suhtending the flowers falling off long hefore the fluwer expatids. * Western species. Bi';mches spinescent. Spikes dense, few-flowered, the rhachis ahout 1 line. Fruit dry. Periantli-lobes whitish . . . \. L. sinnosa. Briinches rigid, with raised decunent lines. Spikes loose, the rhachis 2 to 6 lines. Fruit dry. Perianth-lolies whitish . 2. L. Preissiana. Branches siender, terete. Spikes dense, the rhachis 1 to 2 lines. Fruit succulent. Perianth brown yellow 3. L. pauciflora. Branches angular. Spikes dense, the flowers closely sessiie on tbe notched or excavated rhachis. Fruit dry . . . 4. Z. scrohiculata. ** Eastern species. Eacemes loose, often 4 to | in. long. Perianth-lobes fulvous when dry. Di.sk not lobed b. L. acida. Eacemes loose, ^ to | in. long. Perianth-lobes wbite wben dry. Disk iobed Q. L. Billardieri. Eacemes 3 to 4 lines long, ratlier dense. Pcrianth-lobes dark when dry. Disk sligbtly lobed. Brancbes rigid, often spinescent 7. X. aphylla. Kacemes reduced to dense almost sessile clusters of few flowers 8. L. glomerata. Sect. 2. Oxymeria. — Bracts persistent under theflowers. Bracts very spreading and mostly recurved 9. L. squarrulosa. Bracts lanccolate erect or slightly spreading, not recurved. Stem-leaves persistent 10. X. Cunninghamii. Bracts coucave, contracted at the base. Stem-leaves deciduous 11. L. empetriformis. ■ Species insuffciently hnoim. Stem-leaves persistent, l^ to 3 lines long ; flowers solitdry in the upper axils. Leaves and bracts semiterete, not rigid 12. L. axillaris. Leaves semiterete, at length pungent. Bracts smaller, ellip- tical-lanceolate 13. Z. laxa. Lcaves and bracts obovate or obovate-oblong 14. iy. ohooata. Sect. 1. Xeromeria, Endl. — Bracts subtending- tbe individual flowers falling- ofl" long- before tbe flowers expand, and rarely to be seen except in tbe nascent spike. 1. L. spinosa, A. DC. Prod. xiv. 678. A much-brancbed rigid sbrub, leafless at the time of flowering-, the minute linear-^ubulate scale-like leaves soon falling- ofl' from the young- sboots, tbe adult brancbes terete, sligbtly striate with raised lines, tbe shorter ones often Leptomeria.] cxiv. SANTALACEiE. 221 spinescent at the end. Flowers very small and few in little lateral spikes or clusters, the rig-id rhacliis rarely 2 lines, and usuallj scarcely 1 line long-, recurved after the tiowers are fallen, and then resembling- the leaves of L. sqnarnilosn. Perianth scarcely above i line long-, the narrow rurbinate tube sessile or nearly so, separatod from the lobes bv a distinct line, the lobes apparently white. Anthers ncarly of L. Cu/ini/K/hai/tii. Fruit small, g-lobuhu', crowued by the })ersistent perianth- lobes. — Cho/rtru/n spi/wsut/i, Lehm. in Pl. Preiss. i. OOU. V^. Australia. Drummond, n. ('2nd coll.?) 22f3 and 230; Hay distnct, Preisa, n. 2105; Gordon aiul Swan rivers and Cape Naturalistc, Oldfield; Fitzgeraid Range, Jlaxicell; Stirling Range, F. Miieller. — This species as to the perianth connerts Leptomeria with Ckoretrum, but the inflorescence and bracts are those ot' Leptonieria. Var. ? leptoclnda. Branuhes much raore slender, rarelj spinescent. — Dirk Hartog's island, -^-1. Cunningham. 2. L. Preissiana, .1. DC. P/-od. xiv. Q7^. Branches erect, rather rig-id, terete, sHg-htly striate with raised lines, leafless at the time of flowering-, the minure scale-like linear-subulate leaves oi# the vouno- slender shoots falling- off very early. Flowers in little lateral "rather loose racemes, mostly on the previous year's branches, the rhacbis 2 to 6 liues. Bracts minute, ovate-lanceolate, sHg-htly denticulate, falHng; off so early that they are never seen on specimens in full flower. Perianth aj^parently white, scarcely 1 Hne long-, the narrow turbinate adnate portion tapering- into a very short pedicel, the lohes quite continuous without any external rim. — Cho/-et/-u//i P>-eissia/iu/n, Miq. in Pl. Preiss. i. 608. W. Australia. Swan river, Oldfield, Preiss, n. 2101. 3. L.- pauciflora, B. Br. Prod. 354. An erect shrub, attainino' 3 to 5 ft., with erect or spreading- terete branches, quite lealless at the time of llowering-, the minute narrow scale-Hke leaves fjiHing- off' verv early from the young- shoots. Flowers iu Httle lateral spikes or racemes, the rhachis 1 to 3 Hnes long-. Bracts minute, broadly ovate or obovate, concave, faUing- off very early so as to be rarely seen on flowering- specimens. Perianth greenish-white, about 1 Hne long-, the lobes as long- as the narrow tube. Fruit succulent. — A. DC. Prod. xiv. 680 ; L. aphyUa, A. DC. l.c. Q77 , partly but not of R. Br. ; L. Lch//ia/mL Miq. in Pl. Preiss. i. 614, A. DC. l.c. io7^. "V^. Australia. King George'8 Sound and adjoining districls, B. Broicn, A. Cunningliam, Oldfield, F. Mueller, Drummond, 2nd. coll. n. 229, Brd coll. n. 197; Preiss, n. 2107, 2121; Vasse river, Oldfield. 4. L. scrobiculata, R. Br. P/'od. 354. A shrub with numerous slender sHghtly ang-uhir branches, leafless at the time of flowering- except on the young- shoots, where the minute Hnear-lanceolate acute scale-Hke leaves persist rather long-er than in the preceding- species, Flowers rather numerous, in dense spikes, the rhachis varying- from 2 to 4 Hnes in length, each flower scssile and more or less immersed in a cavity of the rhachis, the sul)tending; bracts ovate acute and very deciduous, leaving- sometimes a tooth-Hke scar. Perianth-tube shortly 222 cxiv. SANTALACE^. [Lcptomeria. turlnnate, the lobes rather long-er. Epig-ynous disk ver}' prominent, but entire, without the distinct o-landlike lobes of L. BUlardieri. Stig^ma shortlv o-lobed. — A. DC. Prod. xiv. G80 ; L. ericoides, Miq. in Pl. Preiss"! i. 611, A. DC. l.c. 679 ; L. chrysadcna, Miq. l.c. 612, A. DC. l.c. W. Australia. King George's Sound aud adjoining districts, R. Brown, Preiss, w. 2117, 2124, OUlfield. Miquel describes the bracts as persistent in his L. ericoides, which I do not find to be the case in the specimens I bave seen, except at the top of the young spike. 5. L. acida, R. Br. Prod. 353. An erect broom-like shrub, attain- ing- 6 to 8 feet, the virgate branches much more angular than in L. BiUardieri, lealless at the time of Howering-, the minute linear- lanceolate scale-like leaves falling- off very early from the young- shoots. Spikes more slender than in L. BiUardieri, often | to | in. long- and the flowers much smaller. Perianth-tube narrow-turbinate, tapering- at the base, but sessile, the limb of the same fulvous colour as tlie tube, barely f linediameter when open, the lobes much hooded, with reflexed tips. Epigynous disk somewhat ang-ular but not lobed, stig-ma minutely lobed. — A. DC. Prod. xiv. Q77 ; Endl. Iconog-r. t. 7-4. Queensland. Moreton island, F. Mueller. N. S. Wales. Port Jackson to the Blue Mountains, B. Brown, Sieler, n. 132, and many others ; northward to Hastings river, ^ecKer ; southward to Twofold bay, F. Mueller. Victoria. Genoa Peak, F. Mueller. 6. L. Billardieri, B. Br. Prod. 354. An erect broom-like shrub, attaining- sometimes 6 or 7 ft. thoug-h sometimes under 2 ft., the branches rather slender and ang-ular, but not so much so as in L. acida, leafless at the time of flowering-, the minute linear-lanceolate scale-like leaves falHng ofi" early from the young- shoots. Spikes or racemes lateral, loose, 3 to ^ in. long". Bracts ovate-lanceolate, acute, concave, falling ofl" long- before the flowering-. Perianth-tube tapering- into a distinct pedicel, the Hmb whitish when dry, spreading- to about 1 line diameter. Epig-ynous disk distinctly lobed. Stig-ma minutely 5-lobed. Drupe small, with a fleshy scarcely succulent epicarp. — A. DC. Prod. xiv. Q77 ; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 357 ; Thcsium drujmccum, Labill. Pl. Nov. Holl. i. m, t. 93. N. S. Wales. Blue Moxmta.mB, Froser ; Tweed river, C. Moore. — The flowers are smaller thau in tlie Tasmanian specimens, but distinctly stipitate, the periauth- limb white and the disk lobed as in the typical Tasmanian form. Tasmania. Port Dah-ymple, R. Brown; in poor moist soil, especially sandy places near the N. coast, /. D. liovher. 7. L. aphylla, R. Br. Prod. 354. An erect shrub of 3 to 4 ft. with rigid spreading branches often spinescent at the end, quite terete without prominent ridg-es, leafless at the time of flowering-, and I have not succeeded in finding- any young shoots with scale-Hke leaves still persistent. Flowers rather numerous, in lateral racemes of 3 or 4 lines, the rhachis rather thick. Perianth-tube narrow-turbinate, the lobes dark-coloured when dry, opening- to nearly 1 line in diameter. Epi- .Leptomeria.\ cxiv. SANTALACEiE. 223 fiTnous disk prominent, obtnsely ang-led or almost lobed. Sti,2'ma minutely 5-lobed. Fniit ovoid, the epicarp succulent. — A. DC. Prod. xiv. (S77 as to Brown's synonym j L. pungens, F. Muell. inTrans. Vict. Inst. 1865, 41. Victoria. Grampians, Wilhelmi; Murray river and Mount Korong, Ilerh. F. MucUer. S. Australia. Memory Cove, R. Brown ; Serra Range, Guichen bay, F. Mueller; Bethanie, Bthr. — In Bro\vn's specimen the flowers are smaller than in the others, but as yet in bud only. 8. L. glomerata, F. Mm-ll. ; Hook.f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 370. A much lower and more r'v/\A shrub than L. Billordirri, rarely exceeding- 1 ft., the branclies thicker, with obtuse slig-htly prominent angles, the minute scale-Hke leaves falling- otf early from the young- shoots. Spikes or racemes exceedingly short or reduced to almost sessile clusters of 3 or 4 flowers, the rhachis rarel}' 2 to 3 lines long. Perianth-tube taperinf^ into a very short pedicel inserted in a slight notch of the rhachis, the lobes white or red when dry, spreading- to uearly 1 line in diameter. Epig-ynous disk obscurely lobed. Stigma slig-htly 5-lobed. Tasmania. South Port, C. Sfuart; south of Huon river, Milligan. L. Billardieri, var. humilis, Hook. Fl. Tasm. i. 337, from Lake St. Clair, Gunn, appears to be rather this species, with the rhachis of the spike sh'ghtly elongated but ncver exceediiig 3 lines. Sect. 2. OxYMERiA, Fndl. — Bracts subtending- each flower in the spike usually persisting at least untii the flowers expand. 9. L. squarrulosa, E. Br. Prod. 354. A shrub of 1 to 3 ft. with numerous divaricate branchlets, the branches terete, more or less striate with slig-htly prominent lines. Leaves linear-terete or triquetrous, persistent, more or less recurved at the end, 1 to \^ lines lono-. Flowers fulvous, forming- little loose Uiteral spikes of 4 to 8 lines, the bracts or floral leaves subtending- each flower persistent at the time of flowering", very spreading- or recurved, ovate-kmceolate acute and concave, about ^ line long-. Perianth scarcely above ^ line long-, the lobes longer than the distinctly pedicellate adnate portion. Fruit g-lobular, sraooth, not ribbed, about 1 line diameter, crowned by the persistent perianth lobes. — A. DC. Prod. xiv. 679 ; L. Bronnii, Miq. in Pl. Preiss. i. 612. ■^V. Australia. King George's Sound and adjoining districts, B.. Brown, A. Cun- ningham, Brummond, Srdcoll. n. 198, Freiss, n. 2109, F. Mueller, and others. 10. L. Cunninghainii, ^fiq. in Pl. Preiss. i. 611. An erect shrub, attaining 2 or 3 ft., with slender virg-ate slightly angular branches. Leaves persistent, Unear-terete, 2 or 3 or rarely 4 to 5 lines long- on the main stems, much smaller and flatter on the flowering" branches. Flowers forming' little loose leafy spikes, usually \ to ^ in. long- or rather longer but sometimes g-rowing- out into ieafy branches, the sub- tending- bracts or floral leaves i^ersisteut, scarcely 1 line long-, laaceohite, acute, concave, sometimes slightly contracted at the base. Perianth 224 cxiv, SANTALACE^. [Leptomeria. not 1 line long, the lobes as lon^ as the narrow adnate part which tapers into a short pedicel. Anthers in this and several allied species, ahhouiih opening- in 4 lobes as in all Leptomeriie, have the lobes less dis- tinct tiian in some species, and the central connective very prorninent. Fruit g-obular, crowned by the persistent perianth-lobes, small and ribbed when immature, but not seen ripe. — A. DC. Prod. xiv. 6?!). "W. Australia. Swan river, Preiss, n. 2096 ; Swan and Vasse rivers, Oldfield ; also Drummond {2nd coll. i) n. 228 ; King George^s Sound, Muir. 11. L. empetriformis, Miq. in Pl. Preiss. i. 610. An erect much branched shrub, of 1 to 2 ft., the branches terete, often more or less sprinkled or covered with minute glanduhtr papillie but not really hir- sute and the papilhe varying- much even on diiferent parts of the same specimen. Leaves terete, rather lieshy, contracted at the base, li to 2J hnes long-, deciduous on the main branches. Flowers in loose leafy spikes, the subtending- bracts or Horal-leaves smaller and more per- sistent than the stera-leaves, rather broad, flattened or concave, acute, much contracted at the base. Perianth about | line long-, the lobes at least as long- as the tube, which tapers into a verv short pediceL — A. DC. Prod. xiv. 680; L. Urtclla, Miq. in Ph Preiss. i. 610; A. DC. l.c. 679. W. Australia. Swan river, Preiss, n. 2094, 2113. 12. Ij. axillaris, P. Br. Prod. 354. A divaricately branched shrub of \h ft. with terete branches. Leaves Hnear-terete, persistent, rather thick, 1| to 3 Hnes long. Flowers very shortly pedicelhite, soHtary in the xipper axils and very mucli shorter than the leaves, the raceme forming- a leafy branch. Perianth opening- to | Hne diameter, 5-lobed. Anthers S-cehed. Nut small, g-lobular, crowned by the persistent perianth-lobes. — DC. Prod. xiv. 680. W. Australia. Rccky liill, Lucky bay, R. Brown. I have taken the descrip- tion of the flowers from Mr. Brown's notes, his specimens have unexpanded flowers, and I only see one nut, from which, however, the perianth-lobes are fallen away. A spe- cimen with a single nut from near Port Euolo, J. Forest, in Herb. F. Mueller, may pobsibly beloiig to the same species. 13. L. laxa, Miq. in Pl. Preiss. i. 612. A small shrub with several erect slender simple stems of about ^ ft., leafless at the base. Leaves in the upper part erect, scattered, semiterete, at first soft, at length hardening- and pung-ent, about 4 or 5 Hnes long-, those of the lateral branches shorter. Spikes spreading, the flowers distant, with minute elHptic-lanceolate bracts. Drupe dry, ovoid, a Httle more than 1 Hne lono-, striate, crowned by the remains of the 5 perianth-lobes. — A. DC. Prod. xiv. 678. ■W. Australia. Preiss, n. 2120. I have not seen any specimen answering to the above, and it was doscribeJ by Miquel fiom a single one past flowering and bearing a eingle fruit. 14. L. obovata, Miq. in Pl. Prciss. i. 613. A shrub with g-re}' angular branches. Leaves scattered, alternate, obovate or obovate- Leptomeria.] cxiv. SANTALACEiE. 226 elliptical, Hat or concave, fleshy, 2^ to 3 lines long, Flowers solitary in tlie axils of bracts similar to the leaves but smaller, forming' leafy spikes of ^ to 1 in. Flowers with their pedicel i line long*. Lobes of the opifivnous disk very prominent. — A. DC. Prod. xiv. 680. TV. Australia. Preiss, n. 2108, Driimmond, Ath coll. n. 254, neither of which specimeiis have I seen. The above character is taken froni Miqiiel'8 and De CandoUe'8. 6. OMPHACOMERIA, A. DC. Flowers unisexual by abortion. Perianth-tube short, adnate, or none in the males, seg'ments of the limb 4 or 5 scarcely intlexed at the end. Stamens insorted near the base of the seg-ments ; fiUiments short ; anthers with 2 distinct parallel cells openino- long"itudinally, ap])arently empty or abortive in the females. Ovary inferior, abortive in the males, the epig-ynous disk more or less conspicuous. Style very short, with a distinctly 2-lobed stigina. Fruit a g'lobular fleshy indehiscent drupe, crowned by the persi&teut perianth-lobes. — Apparently lealless shrubs Avith the habit of Leptomeria and Choretnim., the specimens not showing* even the small scales of those g-enera. Flowers minute, lateral, the females solitary, the males in little clusters, usually on separate speci- mens, but sometimes a few male clusters on a female specimen, both sexes sessile in a concave disk without distinct bracts. The genus is limited to Australia. Branches rigid but rather sleiider, terete \. 0. acerba. Branches more rigid and shorter, prominently striate or angled . . 2. O.psilotoides. 1. O. acerba, A. DC. Prod. xiv. 681. An erect broom-like leailess shrub of 2 to 4r ft., with rig-id but elong'ated and rather slender branches, terete and only slig-htly striate, with giand-like nodes, but I have been unable to discover any leaves on any of our specimens, Female flowers solitary in a concave slig-htly prominetit disk. Ovary thick, scarcely I line long-, the perianth-lobes scarcely long-er and as broad as long-, the anthers apparently empty and sraaller than in the males. Male flowers in almost sessile clusters of 3 to 5, the perianth without any distinct tube or ovary, the lobes or seg-ments as in the females and the anthers perfect ; the central disk flat, with a slig-htly prominent entire rudimentary style. Drupes ovoid, 3 to 4 lines long, with a suc- culent epicarp. — Leptomeria acerba, R. Br. Prod. 354. N. S. 'Wales. Port Jackson to the Blue Mountains, B. Brown, A. Cunningham, and others. Victoria. Genna Peak and mountains on the Mitta Mitta, F. Mueller, specimens both male and female, and on one of the latter a few male clusters. 2. O. psilotoides, A. DC. Prod. xiv. 681 {parthj). Very closely allied to 0. acerba., and perhaps a variety only, with shorter more rignd branches very prominently striate or ang-led. N. S. '^Vales. Blue Mountains? Sieber, n. 134; the specimens seem male only, with precisely the clustered flowers of 0. acerba. I have not seen any specimens of A. Cu iniiigham'8 answering to this species. The Tasmanian plant of Gunn's referred to it by A. DC, is the Leptomeria glomerata, F. VOL. VI. O 236 cxiv. SANTALACE^. [Omphacomcria. Miiell., which at first sight closely resembles 0. psilofoides, bnt the flowers are herma- phrodite, with the perianth-tube, stamens and style of Leptomeria, whilst in Owphaco- meria the anthers are much nearer to those oi Exocarpos. 7. ANTHOBOLUS, R. Br. Flowers dioecious. Perianth free, divided to tlie broad baso into 3, 4 or rarely 5 seg-ments, more or less inilected or concave at the end. Male fl. : Stamens inserted near the base of the seg-ments • filaments very short ; anthers with 2 distinct cells opening- longitudinally, turned inwards in the bud, but opening out back to back. Ovary free, thick and fleshy ; stig-ma sessile, pulvinate, obscurely lobed (or furrowed by the pressure of the marg-ins of the perianth-segments). Drupe ovoid or oblong-, sessile on the thickened pedicel, the exocarp succulent but not thick; endocarp crustaceous or rather hard. — Glabrous shinibs, with rigid or slender branches. Leaves either hnear-terete and persistent or minute scale-like and deciduous. Flowers very small, pedicellate on a common axiUary peduncle, the males usually 3 to 5 together, the females solitary or 2 together. Bracts at the base of the pedicels minute and very caducous. The genus is limited to Australia. Leaves lii^ear terete or filiform, persistent. Leaves slender. Perianth usuallj' 3-merous. Endocarp not pitted. Tropical species. Branches terete or nearly so 1. A. fiHf«lius. Branches angnlar 2. A. triqueter. Leaves rather thick. Perianth usually 4-merous. Endo- carp pitted. Western species 3. A. foveolatus. Branches ieafless, the minute scale-like leaves falling off from tbe very young shoots 4. A. leptomerioides. 1. A. filifolius, F. Br. Procl. 357. A tall shrub, with slender nearly terete branches. Leaves linear-filiform, f to 2 in. long-. Male flowers (which I have not myself seen) 3 or 4 together on a common peduncle of 3 lines, the pedicels about 1 line long-, the bracts very small and decidtious. Female flowers solitary or 2 tog-ether, the common peduncle and pedicel each about 1 line long- or often twice as long when in fruit. Perianth 3-merous, scarcely | line long. Ovary thick, with a pulvinate stig-ma. Fruit ovoid, rather smaller than in A.foveolatiis, the endocarp smooth, not pitted. — A. DC. Prod. xiv. 687. N. Australia. Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown ; Fitzmaurice river, F. Mueller. 2. A. triqueter, B. Br. Prod. 357. Very closely allied to A.JUfoUus, and probably a variety only, the stems and leaves rather thicker and the young- branches slightly ang-ular, the female flowers and fruits rather larger. — A. DC. Prod. xiv. 087. Queensland. Eudeavour river, Banks and Solander; a single specimen in Herb. E. Bruwn. 3. A. foveolatus, F. Muell. Fmfjm. i. 212. An erect shrub of 0 to 8 ft., with virg-ate spreading- or sometimes pendulous branches, terete Anthobolus.] cxiv. !3ANTALACEii':. 227 or sliglitly angiilar when young-. Leaves all linear-terete, acute, f to l^ in. long*. Mnle flowers 2 or 3 tog-ether on axilhiry peduncles of 3 to 4 lines, the porianth about f line long-, 4-merous, the disk slightly 4-lobed. Females only seen in fruit, then solitary on a lengthened and much thickened pedunch\ Fruit ovoid, 3 or 4 lines long-, the endocarp marked with vcry small scattered pits, otherwise as in A. leptomcrioidcs. TV. Australia. Murchison river, Oldfield, Drummond, (ith coll. n. 216. 4. A. leptomerioides, F. Mmll. Fraffm. i. 21. A shrub of soveral feet, with rigid l)rooni-like terete branches, often pungent at the extromity, and loafloss at the time of flowering-, the minute hnear scale- like leavos falling ofl" from the very young- shoots. Male flowers in sossile chisters of about 4 or 5, each one on a pedicel of l- to f line, the porianth about as long, 4-merous, the anthers rather larg-e. Female flowers solitary (or 2 together ?), the perianth broadly cyHndrical, very shortly 4-lobed, without any stamens. Ovary thick and fleshy, with a thirk j)uhnnate stig-ma quite enclosed in the perianth but free. Drupe oblong-, 3 to 4 lines long, the exocarp not thick, the endocarp hard and smoolh. Embryo straig-ht, linear-terete, more than | the length of the albumen, the cotyledons at least as long as the radicle. Queensland. BurJekin, Suttor and Burnett rivers, F. Mueller. 8. EXOCARPUS, LabilL Flowers hermaphrodite or males by the abortion of the ovary. Perianth free, divided to the broad base into 5 rarely 4 seg*ments, slightly concave at the end. Stamens inserted near their base ; anther- cells distinct, adnate to a very short broad filament and either nearly parallel and turned inwards, or diverg-ent and marginal opening- longitudinally. Ovary free, tliick fleshy and somewhat conical, reduced in the male flowers to a flat disk. Stig-ma sessile, rather small, entire or obscurely lobed. Drupe or nut ovoid or nearly g-lobular, resting- on the enlarged usually succulent pedicel, the epicarp thin and not readily detached from the crustaceous or hard endocarp, the perianth-lobes either persistent round the base of the fruit or deciduous leaving- the enlarged apex of the pedicel truncate. Seed erect, with a very thin testa ; albumen copious ; embryo minute near the apex, sHghtly divided at the lower end into 2 niinute cotyledons. — Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate or rarely opposite, often reduced to minute scales or very decidiious, rarely enlarged and persistent. Flowers minute, in small axilhiry spikes sometimcs reduced to sessile clusters, each flower sessile or nearly so, in a notch of the rhachis or in the axil of a minute scale- like bract, one only or rarely 2 or 3 in the spike fertile vvith the pedicel rapidly enlarg^ed, the others falling ofl" without any enlargement of the semi-abortive ovary. Of the eight Australian species one extends ovcr the Eastern Archipelago, the others are endemic. The genus has also one species from New Zealand, one from Norfolk Island, ono from the Sandwich Islands, and apparcntly one from Madagascar. Some of Q 2 228 cxiv. SANTALACE^. [Exocarpus. the leafless species closely resemble some species of Leptomeria, but are at once distin- Suished by the free ovary. Some species with the frniting pedicel very succulent are known to the colouists by the uame of " native Cherry.'' Spikes cylindrical, mostly shortly pedunculate. Leaves ovate, flat, 1 to 2 in. long 1. E. latifolia. i.eaves nnmerous, linear, 8 to 10 lines long 1. E. odorata. Leaves reduced to minute tooth-like spreading persistent scales Z. E. cupressiformis. Leaves linearsubulate, 1 to 2 lines long and deciduous, or rarely rather loirger and persistent 4. jE". spartea. Spikes very short and scarcely pedunculate, the rhachis pubes- cent. Branches stout, often spinescent. Leaves reduced to minute ovate deciduous scales 5. E. aphylla. Spikes reduced to sessile chisters of 2 or few flowers. 'Jall erect shrub, with flaltened leafless branches . . . . 6. E. homaloclada. Tall erect shrub, with slender angular branches. Leaves minute, subulate, very deciduous 1. E. stricta. Procumbent much branclied shrub, with terete rigid branches. Leaves reduced to minute alternate tooth-like persistent Bcales S. E. humifusa. Prostrate much branched dwarf shrab. Leaves reduced to minute tooth-Hke scales mostiy opposite 9. E. nana. 1. E. latifolia, F. Br. Prod. 356. A sraall tree, the young- parts slig-htly hoary with a minute stellate or almost scaly pubescence. Leaves alternate; petiolate, from broadly ovate to oval-oblong-, very obtuse, coriaceous, with several more or less distinct nerves diverging- from the base, 1 to 2 in. long. Spikes rather slender, mostly about h in. long-, shortly pedunculate, solitary or several in a short raceme in the upper axils. Flowers 5-merous or rarely 4-merous, not closely packed. Fruit ovoid, 3 to 4 lines long-, on a thickly turbinate truncate pedicel of above 2 lines. — A. DC. Prod. xiv. 688 ; E. miniata, Zipp. and E. luzon- iensis, Presl; A. DC. l.c. ; E. ovata, Schnitzl. IconogT. ii. t. 108***. N. Australia. Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, B. Brown, Henne; islands and maiiiland, N. Coast, A. Cunningham ; Point Pearce and Upper Victoria river, E. Mveller ; Port Darwin, Schultz, n. 358. Queensland. Keppel bay and Shoal bay, R. Brown ; Wide bav, Bidwill; Biirdekin river, E. Mueller; Port Denison, Fitzalan; Kockingliam bay and Eockhampton, Dallachy; Bowen river, Bomnan; Kennedy district, Daintree (with leaves 2^ in. long and broad). N. S. Wales. Tweed river, Guilfoyle. The species is generally dispersed over the Eastern Archipelago to the Phih'ppine islands. 2. E. odorata, A. DC. Prod. xiv. 689. An erect densely branched shrub. Leaves crowded, linear or linear-lanceolate, acute or obtuse, mostly about ^ in. long- on the flovvering- branches, sometimes twice as long- or more on barren ones. Spikes axiUary, 2 to 3 lines long- in our specimens, said to be twice as long- in Preiss's. Bracts minute and tooth-like. Perianth-segments more freqiiently 4 than 5, triang-ular, about \ line long-. Anther-cells nearly globular, parallel. Stigma nearly sessile, rather broad, scarcely lobed. Fruit nearly g-Iobular, about 1 line diameter, resting- in the slig-htly enlarg-ed broadly cup- shaped perianth, the pedicel only slightly thickened. — Le^toimria odorata, Miq. in PL Preiss. i. 613. Exocarp7is.] CXIV, SANTAI.ACE^. 229 TV. Australia. Sussex district, Preiss, n. 2093 (wbose specimens I have not Been) ; near Husselton, A. and E. Pries. 3. E. cupressiformis, Lahill. Voy. i. 155, t. 14. Usually a tree of about 20 ft., the vory numerous g-reen wiry rigid or filitbrni upparently loatless branchos sonietimescollected in a dense conical head, sometimes loose and pendulous at the extremities, all terete but more or less .furrowed. Leaves reduced to niinute alternate scales. Fhiwers minute, in little terminal or kiteral very shortly pedunculate spikesofl^to 3 lines, each one sessile in a notch of the rhachis or in the axil of a minute tooth-like bract. Perianth-seg-ments 5, about \ line long-. Anthers diverg-ent, adnate to the marg-in of a broad almost triangular filament. Ovary immersed in and continuous with the broad disk ; stigma sessile, 2-lobed. The great majority of the llowers, although with apparently perfect stigmus remuin sessile and soon fall otf, a few only (usually no more than one in each spike) after fecundation are raised on an obconical pedicel, which, under the small ovoid giobuhir fruit, enhiru-es to 2 or 3 liues, becoming" thick red and succulent. — R. Br. Prod.^SoG ; A. DC. Prod. xiv. 089 ; Hook. f Fl. Tasm. i. 336 ; Lepto- meria acerba, Sieb. Pl. Exs. not of R. Br. Queensland. Sandy Cape, B. Brown; Moreton baj', F. Mueller, C. Stuart; Eockhampton, 0' Shanesy. N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, B. Brown, Sieber, n. 136; " Cherry tree," Wonds N. S. Wales, London Exhibition 1862, n. 161 ; Hastiugs river, Beckler ; NewEngland, C. Stuart. Victoria. Port PhiUip, B. Brown, Chinn; MeVaonme, Adamson ; Yarra river and DanJeuong, F. Alueller ; Ballarook forest, Wlian; Seven Hill, Hinteracker ; Ararat, Green. Tasmania. Port Dah-ymple, B. Brown; common in most parts of the island, hut rare in the N. West, /. D. Hooker. S. Australia. Memory Cove, B. Brown; near AdeLiide, Blandowshi; Mount Torrens and Mount Flinders, F. Mueller; Kangaroo island, Wa'erhouse. W. Australia? A specimen from Wilson s Inlet, Oidfield, seems to belong to this specie.s, but it is in flower oniy, and the spikes are much longer and more slenJer thau usual. 4. E. spartea, R. Br. Prod. 356. An erect shrub of 6 to 8 ft. or small tree of 15 to 20 ft., the branches usually rather slender erect or horizontal and pendulous at the ends, scarcely furrowed but often some- what angular. Leaves alternate, distant, linear-subuhite, usually 1 to 2 lines long-, acute and recurved at the end, sometimes a few of them smaller and deciduous, sometimes rather thicker and 4 to 6 lines long", in a few N.W. specimens short and thick, in all often falling- olf before the fruit ripens. Flower-spikes 2 to 4 hnes long, usually rather slender, often more than one in the same axil and g-enerally lloweriiig- from near the base. Flowers mostly 4-merous. Fruit ovoid or oblong, red, the thick succulent pedicel usually shorter than the fruit itself — A. DC. Prod. iv. 690 ; F. MuoH. Pl. Vict. t. 88 (ined.) ; E. glandulacea, Miq. in Pl. Preiss. i. 619 ; A. DC. Prod. xiv. 689 ; E. spicata, DC. l.c. (from the character g-iven) ; E. pendula, F. Muell. in Trans. Vict. Inst. 1855, 42. Queensland. Head of Flinders river, Bowman. N. S. Wales. Murray and Darling desert, Herb, F. MueUer. 230 cxiv. SANTALACE^. [Exocarpvs. Victoria. Scrub in tbe N.W. and along tbe Murray, F. Mueller, L. Morton. S. Australia. Near Eiifield, F. Muelltr; beyond Salt Creek, Behr; Port Lincoln, Wilheliiu ; York Peiiinsula, Misi^ Salmon. W. Australia. King George's Sound, R. Brown, A. funningham, and many otbers, and thence to Swan find Murcbison rivers. Oliljield, Prei-er valves scarcely dihitod upwards, smooth on the back with the dorsal point nearly torniinal, tlie three smaller ones slig-htly overhipping- on the marg-ins, the cone furrowod at the junctions befbre oponing-, Seeds broad, the mnrii'ins equally or unequally winn-od. — Ilook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 352 t. U?; CaUitris oblonr/a, Rich. Conif. 4U, t. 18, f. 2; C. GunnH, Hook. f! in Ilook. Lond. Journ. iv. 147 ; Frenela Gtinnii, Endi. Svn. Conif. 38 ; Parlat. in DC. Prod. xvi. ii. 450, also accordinf^ to "Parlatore, F. variahilis, Carr. and F. macrostachya, Gord. Tasmania. Port Dalrymple, R Brown; abiindant on the gravellj banks of the Soutli Esk river near Launceston, &c., J. D. Hooher. It is probably a Tasmanian specimen of this species that R. Brown had originally designated uuder the name of Callitris fruticosa, which does not occur in his herbarium. 2. ACTINOSTROBUS, Miq. Flowers monoecious. Male amenta oblong;, the stamens in whorls of 3, imbricate in 6 vertical rows ; anther-cells 2 to 4. Female amenta g-lobular or acuminate, the scales imbricate in whorls of 3, all closely appressed at the time of flowering", those of the 2 innermost whorls alone boaring- each 1 or 2 erect ovules at the base. Fruit-cones ovoid- g-lobular or acuminate, the 6 inner much enlarg-ed scales becomino- almost valvate in a sing-le whorl, with 6 or 12 of the outer barren scales more or less enlarg-ed and closely appressed or adnate to their base. Fertile seeds usually only one to each scale, 3-wing'ed, the abortive ones also more or less enlarg-ed but only 2-wing-ed, the central columella more or less developed or obsolete. — Densely branched shrubs. Leaves in \vhorls of3, very short, thick, rigid and acute, or on the smaller branches appressed obtuse and 3-g-onous. Amenta and cones on very short peduncles, or almost sessile, in the axils of the leaves. Tlie genus is endemic in Western Australia.. F. Mueller proposes to reunite it with Callitris and Frenda, but the habit, the numerous imbricate scales of the female amenta, and the reduced number of ovules seem to justify ihe retaLning it as distiuct. Scale-like apex of the stamens very obtuse. Fruit-cones globular or obtuselyacuminate 1. A. jJi/ramidalis. Scale like apex of the stamens acutely acuminate. Fruit-cones contracted at the top into a neck with short spreading terminal points 2. A. acuminatus. 1. A. pyramidalis, Miq. in Pl. Preiss. i. 644. A donsely branched pyramidal glabrous shrub. Lower leaves sometiraes acicular and 3 or 4 lines long-, those of the main branchos acute and spreading-, but only 1 or 2 lines long- or even shorter, on the smaller branchlets often still shorter appressed and obtuse. Male amenta 1 to 2 lines long-, the scale-like apex of the stamens orbicular, very obtuse and not keeled. Female amenta when as yet only 2 or 3 linos diameter consisting- of 4 to 6 whoris of 3 scales each, all imbricate in alternate series, but as 240 cxvi. CONIFERJE, [Actinostrohis. the cone enlarfi-es, tliose of the 2 inner ovule-bearing- whorls become strictlv valvate and either remain very obtuse or become shortly acuminate ; the cone attains ^ in. diameter or more and each fertile valve has a broad sterile one enlarged to 2 or 3 lines diameter so closely appressed to its base as to appear adnate, and sometimes a second outer one enlarged to nearly half its size. — Endl. Conif. 40 ; Parlat. in DC. Prod. xvi. ii. 444: ; Callitris actinustrobus, F. Muell. Rep. Burdek. Exp. 19. ■W. Australia. King George's Sound, Baxter ; and thence to Swan river, Preiss, n. 1311, Urunimond, \st coll. andZrdcoU. n. 234, Oldfield; Murchison river, Oldfield. 2. A. acuminatus, Parlat. Enum. Sevi. Hort. Flor. 1862, 25, and in DC. Prod. xvi. ii. 445. A small erect densely branched shrub, our specimens with the root not exceeding 1 ft., with the leaves of A. pyra- midalis. Male amenta all terminating- developed branchlets, the scale- like apex of the stamens larger than in A. pyramidulis, keeled, and ter- minating" in a fine acute point. Fruit-cones of the size and structure of those of A. pyravmlulis, but contracted at the top into a distinct neck, each valve terminating" in a short spreading' point. W. Australia. Between Moore and Murchison rivers, Drummond, 6th coll. n. 225. 3. DISELMA. Hook. f. Flowers dioecious, the amenta terminaL Male amenta ovoid or oblong' consisting- of 3 or 4 pairs of opposite stamens, the stipes very short, the scale-like imbricate apex triangular and coriaceous ; anther- cells 2. Female amenta of 2 pair of opposite scales, with 2 erect ovules at the base of each of the inner oues. Fruit-cones small, g-lobular. Seeds 3-wing-ed. — Erect shrubs with small opposite closely appressed leaves. The genus is h'mited to a single species, endemic in Tasmania. 1. D. Archeri, Hook.f. Fl. Tasm. i. 353, t. 98. An erect densely branched shrub of 5 to 16 ft. Leaves closely imbricate but strictly opposite and decussate, very obtuse, thick and keeled, about \ Hne long-. Male amenta erect, 1 to 2 lines long-, scarcely thicker than the branchlets with their leaves. Young female cones purplish in the dried state, about 1 line long" and broad, consisting' of 2 pairs of very obtuse or truncate scales, the 2 outer empty ones rather smaller than the 2 inner fertile ones. Seeds not yet ripe but ah-eady enlarg-ed to the length of the scales. — Parlat. in L)C. Prod. xvi. ii. 462. Tasmania. "Western Mountains, Lake St. Clair, Falis of the Meander, &c., Gunn. "With the foiiage of Microcachrys this is more nearly allied to Frenela in fruttitication. The mistake, owing to which the femaie plant was described as prostrate, aUhough cleared up by Archer, has been omitted to be corrected in the Prodromus. 4. MICROCACHRYS, Hook. f. Flowers dioecious, the amenta terminal. Male amenta ovoid, con- sisting of several pairs of opposite stamens, the stipes very short, the Microeachrys.] cxvi. cONlFERiE. 241 scule-like imbricato apex ovate almost acute. Female amenta con- sisting- of several pairs of loosely imbricate small scales with one re- ciirved ovule within each scale. Fruit-cones small, ovoid, the scales succulent. Seeds nearly erect, not wing-ed, the outer integuments more or less fleshy. — f*rostrate shrub, with small opposite closely appressed leaves. The genus is limited to a single species, endemic in Tasmania. 1. M. tetragona, Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 358, t. 100. A prostrate densely branehed shrub. Leaves closely imbricate, but strictly opposite and decussate, very obtuse, thick and keeled, and ^ line long- on the branchlets, more acute and -| line lonu' on some of tlie ohler branches. Male amenta small and recurved. Fruit-conos recurved or almosterect, nearly 3 lines long", the scales loosely imbricate, concave, tliick suc- culent and scarlet when ripe. Seeds becoming- ahnost erect, the outer integument fleshy at least at the base. — Bot. Mag-. t. 5576 ; Arthrotaxis ? tctraffona, Hook. lc. Pl. t. 560 ; Dacrydium tctragoaum, Parlat. in DC.'Prod. xvi. ii. 496. Tasmania. Sumraits of the Westem Mountains, Gunn, Archer, F. MueUer. The foliage of this plant is so entirely that of the Diselma which sjrows on the .«ame mountains, that it was at first taken for the female of the same species, aUhnuejh tho one is always prostrate aud ihe olher erect ; the cones are, however, toially different, and mnch neaier to those oi Pherosphcera and Dacrydium, diffi'rin<; in tlie fieshy outer integumeiits of tlie secd. In the youngrr stat^es, this onter integnment is shortly ciip- sliaped, when ripe it probably has enhirged, although I find only two integuments altogether to the seed ; its devilopinent requires further investigation. For an explana- tion of the confiision which had been raade between Microcachrys, Diselma, and Fhe- rosphcera, see Hook. f. Fi. Tasm. i. 355, under Pherosphcera. 5. ARTHROTAXIS, Don. Flowers monoecious on different branches, the amenta terminal and small. Male amenta consisting- of numerous spirally imbricated stamens, the stipes slender, the scale-like apex oblong'-sag-ittate and peltate ; anther-cells 2. Female amenta of spiralh^-imbricate scales, with 3 to 6 pendulous ovules within each. Fruit-cones small, g-lobuhir, the scales wood}^, contracted at the base, thickened upwards, incurved and acuminate, or with a dorsal point at the apr-x. Seeds few nnder each scale, ovate, compressed, with a transverse hilum and two lon-ii- tudinal wings, the integument crustaceous. Cotyledons 2. — Densely branched trees. Leaves small, in close spires, either very short obtuse and appressed or lanceolate and looser. Fruit-cones sessile. The genns is limited to the three Tasmanian species, but is so nearly allied to the Chinese Cunninghamia, that Zuccarini proposed the union of the two. Leaves closely appressed, very obtuse, 1 to l^ lines long. Fruit- scales orbicular at the apex 1. A. cupressovle». Leaves looser, acute, 14 to 2 lines lung. Fruit-scales shortly acurainate ._ 2. A. laxifolia. Leaves loo^e, incurved, acute, 3 to 4 iines long. Fruit-scales lanceolate at the apex . . . Z. A. selaginoides. VOL. VI. R 242 cxvi. coNiFER^. [Arthrotaxis. 1. A. cnpressoides, Don in Trans. Linn. Soc. xviii. 173, t. 13, f. 2. A Iree of 20 to 40 ft. in heig-lit, with sometimes a girth of 15 ft., the branches ascending, with more or less distichous branchlets, sometimes apparentlv opposite. Leaves closely appressed and densely covering- the branches, broad, very obtuse, thick and keeled, 1 to 1| lines long- and broad. Fruit-cohes rarely h in. diameter when open, the dilated apex of the scales nearly orbicufar, with a short dorsal point. Seeds usually about 3 to each scale.— Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 559 ; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 354; Parlat. in DC. Prod. xvi. ii. 433; Cunninghamia cupres- soides, Zucc. in Sieb. Fl. Jap. ii. 9 ; Arthrotaxis imbricata, Maule (Parlatore). Tasmania. Lake St. Clair, Western Mountains, Pine river, Gunn, and others ; Lake Teuton, i^. Muiller. 2. A. laxifolia, Hooh. Ic. Pl. t. 573. A tree of 25 to 30 ft. closely allied to A. cnprcssoides, from which it diifers in the leaves less closely appressed although imbricate, acute, and mostly about 2 lines long-, and the cones ratiier larg-er with the scales more acuminate, thus form- ing- an approach as it were to the A. selaginoides. — Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 354 ; Parlat. in DC. Prod. xvi. ii. 434 ; A. Doniana, Park. (Parlatore). Tasmania. Near the summits of the Western Mountains, at an elevation of 3000 to 4000 ft., Gunn, Archer, F. Mueller. The leaves of young plants sent by Gunn are not elongated as in A. selaglnoides. 3. A. selaginoides, Don in Trans. Linn. Soc. xviii. 172, t. 14. A stouter tree than the two other species, attaining- 45 ft. Leaves loosely imbricate, lanceohite, acute, keeled, incurved, 3 to 4 lines long-, those of the young- seedling-s more linear, spreading-, | in. long-. Fruit-cones i to f in. diameter, the scales terminating- in a lanceohite point. Seeds usually 4 to 6 under each scale.— Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 574; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 354 ; Parlat. in DC. Prod. xvi. ii. 434 ; Cvnninghatnia sela- ginoides, Zucc. in Sieb. Fl. Jap. ii. 9 ; Arthrotaxis alpina, Van Houtte (Parlatore). Tasmania. Western Mountains, at an elevation of 3000 to 4000 ft., Gunn, Archer, F. Mueller. 6. ARAUCARIA, Juss. Flowers dioecious or rarely monoecious, the amenta terminal. Male amenta cylindrical ; stamens numerous, spirally imbricated, contracted at the base, with an ovate or lanceolate incurved scale-like apex; anther-cells 6 to 20, in 2 rows. Females with a single reflexed ovule within each scale. Fruit-cones larg-e, ovoid or globuhir, the scales very numerous, closely imbricate, the marg-ins usually attenuated into wing-s at the base, the apex thickened and woody, with a raised transverse line often produced into a lanceolate or pung-ent point. Seeds flattened, obovoid-oblong-, not wing-ed, adnate to the scale at the base, free at the apex. Embryo with 2 cotyledons, sometimes deeply divided so as to appear to be 4. — Trees often very lofty, the branches almost verticillate. Araucaria.] CXVI. CONIFERiE. 243 Leavcs in close spires, flat or on sterile branches vertically compressed, short and riiiidly aciouhir or hinccohite and lonyer, piing-cnt-pointed or rarely obtuse, with a promincnt naidrib. Fruit-concs in some species attaining- a very larg-e size. The gcnus ranges over extratropical and subtropical South America, New Zealand, and some of the iSoulh Pacilic IslanJs. The Aubtralian species are both endemic. Leaves rigidly acicular, 2 to 6 lines long. Fruit cones about 3 in. long 1. ^. Cunnlnghamii. Leaves lanceohvte, | to l^ in. long. Fruit-cones about 9 in. long 2. A. Biduoilli. 1. A. Cunninghamii, Ait. in Swcet, Ilort. Brit. 475. A tree with a pyramidal or somewhat flattened head, attaining* in some situations 150 to *200 t't., in others remaining- much smaller. Leaves crowded in dense spires, rig-idly acicuhir and vevy acute, those of the barren branches often spreading-, straig-ht, vertically compresscd, with the dorsal ribdecurrentand \to h in. long, those of the tlowering branches from a broad adnate base triquetrous or hmceolate, incurved and rather shorter. Male amenta sessile, cyHndrical, very dense, 2 to 3 in. long; and ;J to 4 lines diameter, the scale-Hke apex' of the stamens ovate- rhomboidal and acute. Fruit-cones ovoid, about 3 in. long- and 2 in. diameter, the scales (inchiding- their marginal wings) broadly cuneate, the broad hard apex terminating- in a lanceolate spreading- or recurved rigid point. — Parlat. in L)C. Prod. xvi. ii. 372. Queensland. Port Bowen, R.Brown; Brisbane river, Moreton bay, extending 80 miles inUind, and northward to hit. 14°, A. Cunningham, Lniclihardt ; Rockhampton, Herh. F. Mueller ; Biirdekin river, Fitzalan. Knnwn as the " Moreton bay Pine." N. S. Wales. Hastings and Clarence rivers, BtcJcler. In general aspect and in foliage the tree much resembles the Norfolk Island Pine {A. excelsa), but the cones are very diiferent. 2. A. Bidwilli, Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. ii. 503, t. 18. A tree, attaining- from 100 to 150 ft. in heig-ht, with a remarkably stout trunk and smooth bark, the branches usually in whorls of about 16, crowded at the top of the tree. Leaves in crowded spires, lanceolate and about f to l^ in. long on some barren branches, ovate-lanceolate and | in. long- on the flowering- branches, smooth and shining-, of a pale colour when dry, with a broad midrib prominent underncath. Male amenta very dense, appearing- sessile in some of the upper axils from the short- ness of the flowering- branclilets, 2 to 3 in. long- and 4 to 5 Hnes diameter, the imbricate scale-Hke apices of the stamens triang-ular, acute, about 1 Hne broad. Fruit-cones erect on the topmost branches, ovoid-globose, about 9 in. long- and 7 in. diameter, the scales loosely imbricate, about 4 in. long- and 3 broad, tapering- towards their wing-ed base, the ter- minal points recurved and spinescent. Seeds obovate, 2 to 2^ in. lono- and f in. broad. — Parlat. in DC. Prod. xvi. ii. 371. Queensland. Brisbane range, N.W. of Moreton bay, Bidwill; between Cleveland and Rockingham bays, W. Hill; Condamine, Dawson, and Burnett rivers, Leich- hardt. B 0 044 cxvi. CONIFER.E. [Dammara. 7. DAMMARA, Riimph. (Agathis, i. australis, Lam., for Mercury bay, the special station given, is in New Zealand. 8. DACRYDIUM, Soland. Flowers dioecious or rarely moncecious. Male amenta ovoid or cylin- drical. Stamens several, spirally arranged, imbricate, very shortly con- tracted at the base, the apex incurved. Anther-cells 2, opening- outwards in 2 valves. Female amenta of a very few small fleshy scales in a short spike or reduced to a single one, each with a single reversed ovule. Fruit-cones small. Seeds erect or nearly so, seated in a short mem- branous cup or disk, ovoid-oblong-, the outer integument membranous, the inner crustaceous. — Trees or shrubs. Leaves small and closely imbricate, or on the young-plants long-er and linear. Amenta small and terminal. Dacrydhim.'] CXVi. coNlFERiE, 245 The genus is dispersed over the Indiau Archipelago, New Caledonia, and New Zealand ; the Tasmanian species is endemic. 1. D. Franklinii, Ilooh. f. m IIooli. Lond. Journ. iv. 152, t. 6, and Fl. Tasm. i. 'Sb7 , t. 100. A tree attainin<2: sometimos 100 ft. thoug-h generally 60 to 80 ft. high, with a donse spreading- hoad and pondulous branchlets. Leavcs small and scale-like, acute and sj)reading- on the young- plant, closely apprcssed obtuse with a very prominent keel and only i liiie lonc^ on"the branclilets of the tree, all spirally arrang-ed but often quadrifarious. Male amenta (only seen in an imperfect state) erect, cylindrical, consisting- of about 1'2 to 15 stamens. Fruit-cones very short, decurved, consisting- of 4 to 8 loosely imbricate persistent scales scarcely long-er than the leaves. Seeds globubar, about 1 line diameter, seated in a very shallow membranous cup or disk, the outer integ-uraent membninous with a minute orifice, the inner one crustaceous. — Parhit. in DC. Prod. xvi. ii. 495 ; D. Iluroiiense, A. Cunn. Herb. Tasmania. Soutliern and western coasts of the island, A. Cunningham, and others. " Huron l'ine " of tUe colonists. 9. PHEROSPH^RA, Archer. Flowers dioecious. Male amenta ovoid-globular. Stamens several, spirally arrang-ed, very shortly contracted at the base, the incurved apex not so broad as the anther. Anther-cells 2, parallel, opening- out- wards in 2 valves. Female amenta ovate, with several spirally arranged scales, and a sing-le erect ovule within each. Fruit-cones ovoid, the scales thickened at the base, concave. Seeds (as yet unripe) erect, ovoid-oblong-, the outer integaiment g-reen, loose, contracted into a neck open and crenulate at the orifice and sometimes longitudinally wing-ed outside, the inner integ'ument of a firmer consistence. — A shrub with small imbricate leaves. Amenta small, terminal. The genus is limited to a single species, endemic in Tasmania. 1. P. Hookeriana, Archcr in Hook. Kew Journ. ii. 52 {jpartly). A densely branched erect shrub. Leaves closely imbricate, often falHng- into 4 or 5 rows, but not opposite and strictly decussate as in Distima and Microcachnjs, thick, very obtuse, keeled, about -J- line long- and broad on the flowering- branches, often | line long" on the older ones. Male amenta erect, 1 to 1| bnes long-, with about 10 to 15 stamens. Female cones decurved, scarcely IJ- lines long-, with about 4 to 8 scales, thickened at the base into an obtuse external protuberance, acuminate at the apex but obtuse, about | line long-. Seed small. — Hook. f. FL Tasm. i. 355, t. 99 ; Parlat. in DC. Prod. xvi. ii. 497. Tasmania. Mountains near Lake St. Clair, Gunn; high alpine flats, Mount Field East, F. Mueller. 10. PHYLLOCLADUS, Rich. (Thalamia, Sjyrertg.) Flowers monoecious (or sometimes dicecious ?). Male amenta cylin- drical, surrounded by bracts at the base. Stamens imbricated, con- 24G cxvi. coxiFETtJE. [Phyllocladus. tracted into a very short stipes, the scale-like apex small ; anther-cells 2, adnate. Female amenta of a very few scales in a short spike or reduced to a sinLile one, each with a sing-le erect ovule or the upper scales empty. Fruiting- scales thick and Heshy, enclosing- the base of the seed. Seed erect within a cup-sliaped disk, ovoid, the outer integ-ument membranous, not winged ; inner one crustaceous. Coty- ledons . . . — Trees with expanded leaf-like flat rigid toothed or hihed branchlets or cladodia, the real leaves reduced to small appressed scales. Amenta small, terminal, the males often clustered, the females very small. Eesides the Australian species which is endemic, there is one from New Zealand and another from Borueo. 1. P. rhomboidalis, liich. Conif. 130, t. 3. A slender tree, at- taining- 60 ft. but reduced to a shrub on the summits of mountains, the persistent branches more or less verticilhite, the chidodia or deciduous leaf-like branchlets cuneate or rhomboidal, obtuse, obtusely toothed or lobed, I to '2 in. long", the real leaves or scales very small and subulate or fine-pointed. Male amenta usually 2 or 3 together, 3 to 4 hnes long-. Females giobuhir and about 2 lines long- or sometimes leng-then- ing' out in fruit to 3 (jr 4 Hnes, with 1,2, or 3 fertile scales surmounted bv 1 or 2 barren ones. Seeds scarcely exceeding- the scales. — Hook. f. FL Tasm. i. 358 ; Parlat. in DC. Prod. xvi. ii. 499 ; F. Billardieri, Mirb. in Mem. Mus. Par. xiii. 7Q ; P. asplenvfolia., Hook. f. in Hook. Lond. Journ. iv. 151 ; Podocarirus asplemfolia, Labill. Pl. Nov. Holl. ii. 71, t. 221 ; Thalamia asplenifolia, Spreng, Svst. iii. 890. Tasmania. Derwent river, R. Brown ; common in dense forests in the mountainous and southern pavts of the island, /. D. Hooker. 11. PODOCAIIPUS, L'Her. Flowers dioecious or rarely monoecious. Male amenta cylindricaL Stamens numerous, slig-htly contracted at the base, the scale-like apices closely imbricate ; anther-cells 2. Female amenta of 2 to 4 bracts or scales more or less succulent and united with the rhachis in an oblong receptacle, unequally 2- or 4-toothed at the apex. Ovules 1 or 2, exserted, reversed and adnate to an erect stipe from within the hirg-er teeth or bracts of the receptacle. Seeds drupaceous, the nucleus enclosed in a double integ'ument, the outer one succulent, the inner oue long-. Embryo with 2 short cotyledons and an inferior radicle. — Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate or rarely opposite, usually distichous and flat, with a jiroininent midrib. liuds scaly. Ameuta axillary or terminal^ sohtary or several tog-ether, sessile or shortly racemose. The genus is dispersed over the tropical and subtropical regions of ihe Old World, from South Afiica and New Zealand to Japan, and ovcr the whole of South America. Ihe Australiaii species are all endemic. Leaves broadly oblong linear or ianceolate, 1| to 10 in. long. Male amenta 1 to l^ in. long \. P. eluta. Podocarpus.] cxvr. coniferje. 247 Leaves linear, acute, li to 3 in. iouEr. Male amenta 2 to 4 lines loug. Leaves pungent-poiuted. Male amcnta clustered in the axils. Eastern species 2. P. spinulosa. Leaves very acute but scarcely pungent. Male amenta usually solitary. " Westeni specins 3. P. Drouyniana. Leaves linear, not exceeding 4 in. Male amenta smali and solitary 4. P. alpina. 1. P. elata, U. Br. ; Mirh.in Mem. Mus. Par. xiii. 75. A tree of 60 to 100 ft. Leaves oblong--linear or broadly linear-lanceolate, very variable in size, on some specimens witb j-oung- flowers H to 2 in. long- and \ in. wide and quite straigbt, in tbe ordiuary forms 8 to Oin. long- and -i to 0 linos broad, straig-bt or sligbtly falcate, on some barren specimens 8 to 10 in. long- | in. wide and raucb falcate, acute or ratber obtuse, the midrib prominent, the petiole very sbort. Male amenta clustered 2 or 3 tog-etber, sessile, 1 to l-^- in. long, surrounded by several sbort scales or bracts. Female peduncles 2 to 3 lines long, soli- tary in the axils of tbe lower leaves or more frequently of small bracts at the base of the year's branches. Fruiting- receptacle oblonj^, 4 to 6 lines long-, with usually only one seed, ovoid or g-lobular, 4 to 6 lines di:imeter. — Parlat. in DC. Prod, xvi. ii. 617; P. ensifolia, R. Br. ; Mirb. l.c. ; Parlat. l.c. ; P.falcata, A. Cunn. Herb. Queensland. Cape Giafton, A. Cunningham; Brisbane river, Moreton bay, F. Muelhr: Eockingham bay, Vallachi/. N. S. Wales. Hunter's and Paterson rivers, R.Brown; Macquarrie river, Fraser ; Hunter"s river, Leichhardt ; Hastings and Clarence rivers, Beckler ; Eichmoud river, Hendersun ; Uhiwarra, A. Cunningham, Macarthur. 2. P. spinulosa, R. Br. ; Mirl). in Mem. Mus. Par. xiii. 76. A much-branched erect shrub. Leaves linear, rig-id, more or less pungent- pointed, l^ to 2 in. long-. Male amenta numerous in sessile axillary clusters and not above 2 to 3 lines long-. Female peduncles about 2 lines long-, in the axils eitber of the lower leaves or of scale-like bracts below the leaves of the young- branches, with 2 small opposite bracteoles immediately under the oblong 2-lobed receptacle. Seeds larg-er than in P. elata. — Parlat. in DC. Prod. xvi. ii. 613 ; Taxus spinulosa, Sm. in Rees Cvcl. xxxv. ; P. pungens, Caley ; Don in Lamb. Pin. ed. 2, 123 (Parlatore). N. S. Wales. Port Jaclison, Caley, Woolls, and others. " Native Plum or Damson." 3. P. Drouyniana, F. M%iell. Frarim. iv. 86, t. 31. A shrub or tree, witb virg-ate brancbes. Leaves crowded, linear, 2 to 3 in. long-, sharp-pointed but not so rig-id as tbose of P. spinulosa. Male amenta oblong-cylindrical, 2 to 4 lines long, usually solitary in the axils, ter- niinating- scaly peduncles or branchlets of \ to h in. Female peduncles also solitary, about ^ in. long, the receptacles wben in fruit about | in. long-, either equally 2-lobed with 2 seeds, or unequally so witb 1 seed exserted ti"om the larg-er lobe, tbe seeds larg-er even than in P. elata. — Parlat. in DC. Prod. xvi. ii. 514. W. Australia, Drummond, 2nd coll. n. 153, 154, 3rd coll. n. 199, 200; Vasse river, Oldfield ; swampy plains, Toue river, Maxwell. i?48 cxvi. roNiFER^. [Podocarjms. 4. P. alpina, B. Br. ; Mirb. in Mem. Mus. Par. xiii. ?5. A strag-gling dpnsely-branc-hed slirub, usuallv low, but sometimes attaining- 10 to 12 f't. Leaves crowded, linear, straig'ht or falcate, rig-id, varying' from ^ in. long- and obtuse to l-in. and acute, especially on luxuriant barren branches. Male amenta 2 to -'3 lines long', usually solitary and sessile or nearly so in the axils. Fruits much smaller than in any other species, the fleshy receptacle about li lines long-, sessile in the axil, the ovoid seed not rnuch long-er. — Hook. f. Fl. Tasm, i. 306; Parlat. in DC, Prod. xvi. ii. 520; P. Lamrncii, Hook. f, in Hook. Lond. Journ. iv. 151. Victoria. Moiint Butler, Hardinge's range, Cobberas mnuntains, at an elevation of 3000 to 6000 ft., F. Mueller. Tasmania. Mount Wellinuton (T;ible mountain), R. Broion; Mountaiu localities at an elevation of 8000 to 4000 ft., /. D. Hooher. The P. Lawrencii can scarcely be considered as a distinct variety, for it appears to be the form assumed by the luxuriant barren brancbes of young plants. Order CXVII. CYCADE^. Flowers unisexual, without any perianth, Maleflowers forming" catkins or cones consisting- of numerous spirallv arranged imbricated scales (or stamens), more or less cuneate, bearing' on the concealed portion of their under snrface numerous sessile or rarely stipitate anther-cells, each opening- in 2 valves ; the upper imbricate and exposed pan of the scales hardened and often much thickened, the apex truncate or more or less produced into an incurved or recurved point or lanceolate appendix. Female cones consisting- of numerous scales, imbricate at least when young", either with one pendulous ovule (or carpel) on each side of the thickened and hardened apex, or with 3 or more erect ovules (or carpels) in marginal notches below the flattened acuminate and usually dentate or pinnatifld apex. Fruiting;- cone enlarged and either remaining- imbricate with 2 pendulous seeds to each scale, or tlie scales with marg-inal seeds spreading- as the central shoot is developed within the cone. Seeds naked (or nuts) witli a thick or hard outer coating- or integ-ument and a flesliv albumen, in a central cavity of whicli the straight embryo is suspended l)y a long- fohied cord. Cotyledons 2, undivided. — Palm-like plants, with a tliick globose and undergTound or erect and cylindrical woody stem, simple or rarely slightly branched, marked with tlie scars or bases of the old leaves. Leaves forming- a crown at the apex of the stem, once or twice pinnate, Cones sessile or very shortly pedunculate within the crown of leaves. Tlie Order extends over tropical America, subtropicnl and southern Africa, and tropicid Asia. Of the tbree Australian genei-a one is aiso iu Asia and Africa, the otiier two are endemic. The theoretical significance of the onler coating of the ovules and eeeds, whether carpellary or seminal, is, as in the Cojiifera, still the subject of cou- teDtioD. CXVII. CYCADEiE. 049 Leaves simplv pinnate. Pinnfe linear, with a prominent midvib. Female scalos elon^ated, woolly, with 2 cr more erect ovules on each side in marginal notches 1- Cycas. LeavtS simply pinnate. Pinnae liiicar, with scveral longitU'1inal scarcely promiiient iierves. Feniale scales with 1 penJulous oviile on each side iinder the thickined aciiniinate apex 2. Macrozamia. Leaves doubly pinnate. Pinnules obliquely ovate or broadly falcate, with scarcely prominent veins. Cones of Macrozamia, but the apex ot the scales truncate 3. Bowesia. 1. CYCAS, Linn. Male cones oblong-ovoid or g-lobular, the scales cuneate, hard, the thickened apex more or less produced into a straig'ht or incurved point. Female cones at first g-lobuhir, but opening- out by the g-rowth of the central shoot, the scales elong-ated, tomentose or woolly, Hat, bearing* on each marg-iu 2 to 5 ovules, erect in distant notches, the apex of the scale dihited acuminate and toothed or pinnatifid, the scales at first loosely iml)ricate, at leng-th spreading- or recurved. Seeds larg-e, erect. Leaves simply pinnate, the pinn;e numerous, linear, with a prominent midrib, circinnate in vernation. — Leaves long-, simply pinnate, the pinnie numerous, linear, with the midrib prominent underneath. The genus extends over the lndo-.\ustralian region, reaching Madagascar and the east coast of Africa to the weslward and Japan to the nortliward. The Anstraliun one or more speoies are believed to be endemic, but the distinctive characters are very in- BufiBcientiy known. 1. C. media, R. Br. Prod. 348. Trunk sometimes attaining; 8 to 10 ft. sometimes twice that heig-ht, rarely branched at the top. Leaves i3 to 4 ft. long or even more, the pinnoe very numerous, straight or falcate, obtuse or pung-ent-pointed, flat or slightly concave above wlien young-, prominently keeled underneath, the margins often at length recurveil, mostly slightly decurrent on the rhachis, g-hibrous or slig-htly pubescent when young-, the long-er ones varying- from 8 to 8 inches, the lower ones shorter and more contracted at the base, the lowest passing* into small prickles which are sometimes very few or scarcely any, sometimes continued almost to the base of the petiole, Cones variable in size, but apparently smaller than in C. circinnalis, which the species otherwise resembles. Seeds 1 to 1|^ in. long-, glabrous — A. DC. Proa. xvi. ii. o"2?. N. Australia. North-wpst and north coasts, A. Cunniv^ham ; Port Essington, Armxtrong ; Escape cliffs, Hulls. Queensland. Burnett and Dawson rivers, F. Mupller ; Cape Upstart, Burdeldn E ipedition ; Rockingham bay and Mouiit Elliott, Dallachy ; Uockhampton, Thozet ; Castlereagh bay ( IV. HiU ?). Three Australian species of Ci/cafi have been dcsrribed, tho above C mfdia, C. angu- lata, Br. Prod. 348, A. DC. Pn'd xvi. ii. 527, an 1 C. ffracili.% .^liq. in Versl. K. Akad. Wet. Amstfnlam, xv. .36'3, A. DC. l.c 528 ; but whether the-e three are rcally distincl, and by what cliaracters thcy are to be separated froin one or the other of the cominon Asiatic species, we have nnfortunately iio niateriais for detennining. These allied Asiatic ones, C circinnalis, Linn. (C. sphcerica, Roxb.) and C Bumphii, Miq. (C cir- einnalis, Roxb.) are diatiuguished raost readily by the scales of thcir male cones, which 250 cxvii. CYCADE^, [Cycas. are unknown in the great majority of the Austrah'an specimens. I have only seen two, both in F. Muellir's collection ; in hoth the scales are much smaller than iu the Indian spccies. In one, bc-longing to HulTs Escape Cliff specimens, they are ratlier narrow, 14 in. long, the anther-cells corumcnce almost at the base and occupy iully | of the Bcalc ; in the other, coUected by the Bnrdekin Expeuition, the scales are still smaller, 1 to Ij in. long, and the anthercells cover rallier less of the under surface, not reacliing to the base, and ceasiug rather lower down. These were described by Miquel as his C. gracilis, but there are no leaves with them. In the C. gracilis of our gurdens, the fronds are small with the rhachis slightly furfuraceous. In Castlereagh bay speciniens siniilar sinall leaves are slightly woolly-pubescent ; in almost all other speciiuens the fuli-grown leaves are very glabrous. We have feraale cone-scales of several specimeiis varying much in the number of ovules or seeds they bear, 2 to 5 on each margin ; but I am quite unable to connect these differences with any characters derivable Irom the leaves. It is much to be urged on resident botanists ia tiopical Australia carefuUy to coUect and to match wiih accuracy male and female cones with the leaves of all tliese species or varieties of Cycas, in order to determine their systemic value. 2. MACROZAMIA, Miq. Cones of both sexes ovoid oblong- or cylindrical, or the females rarely nearly g-lobular, tiie scales hard, more or less thickened at the apex, with an erect spreading- or rarely recurved point, either broad and short or eh)ng-ated and narrow. Scales of the femaleswith onependulous ovule and seed on each side. — Trunk and leaves of Cycas, excej)t that the pinnK have no midrib, but are more or less distinctly striate, especially on the under side, with several parallel equal veins, the who'e leaf occasionally shg-htly twisted in some species, but not constantly so iu any one. The genus is limited to Australia, and there represents the South African Ence- phaUirtos, with which F. Mueller proposes to reunite it. The latter genus has, hnw- ever, a much more rigid habit and very obtuse or truncate cone-scales, which, together with the geographical disiribution, seems to warrant the fnUowing Miquel and A. De Candolle, in maiutaining the two genera as distinct. Still less does it seem advisable again to reduce these Old World forms to the American geuus Zamia, chaiacterized by the articulate attachment of the pinnae as well as by the cones. It is, however, a mucli more difficult matter to characteiize the speeies of Macrozamia. VVith regard to two of them, M Perowshiana and M. Paido-Guliehni, there can be no doubt, but thc re- mainder are very puzzling; for although we have at least three apparently distinct forms of friictification, and at least twice as many marked forms of foliage, they are very rarely matched with certainty in our wild specimens, and very few have produced cones in our garden collections. Thus, after having spent much time over the genus, it remains with me a matter of great doubt whether, bi:sides the two above mentioned, we have really one variable species, or wliat number from two to six more or less con- stantly distinct. j\Iost it not all the Macrozamice when very yonng have their pinnie frequently denticulate at the end, as represented by Miquel, Monogr. Cycad. t. 6, under the name of Encephalartos tridentatus. Pinnae very narrow, often nearly terete. Cones small, rarely above 4 in. Fruit very woolly 1. M. Paulo-Gulielmi. Pinnse fiat, inserted on the margins of the rhachis, con- tracted at the base, the larger ones usually above 3 lines broad. Cones 4 to 10 in., glabrous. Trunk glabrous or rarely loosely woolly. Ehachis of the leaves usually raised longitudinally between the pinnae. Cone-scales much fiattened. Easteru species, the insertion of the piunse mostly longi- tudiual. Points of the scales usually short .... 2. M. spiraliB. Macrozamia.] cxvii. CYCADEiE. 251 Western species, the insertion of tlie pinnre very oblique or almdst transverse. Coiies large, witli long points to the upper or to all the scales ." 3. M. Fraseri. Ehachis nt tlie leaves vcry tlat between the pinnae aml often broad. Cone-scales very thick. Eastern subtropical sppcies 4. ilf. Miquelii. Pinnre inserted by their broad base along the centre of the upper surface of the rhachis, scarcely separated by a very narrow line. Cones large, pubescent, the scale points broad and often recurved 5. M. Peroivslciana. See also doubtful forms undcr M. spiralis and M. Miquelii. 1. M. Paulo-Gulielmi, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 8G. Trunk scarcely raisod from the jiTound, covered with the woolly imbricate base of the old petioles. Leaves othervvise g-hibrous, 1 to 3 ft. lon<^-, the rhachis narrow Dut often flat on the top ; pinnie numerous, very narrow and often ahnost terete, contracted and sometimes callous at the base, the long-er ones 6 to 8 in. lonp' and 1 to l^linesbroad, thick and obscurely veined. Cones on woolly peduiicles of 1 to o in., the males obh)no--cylindrical, scarcely above 3 in. lon_ usually lon^-er th.ui in M. spirali.-i, straij^-lit or falcate, the lon^itudinal veins finer and less proniinent, contraeteil and more or less callous at the base and their insertion at the rhachis quite mar<;-inal, the lowest often reduced to small teeth. Male cones cylindrical, 0 to 8 in. long', 2 to 2^ in. tliick, the scales thickened into a woody rhomboidal apex almost as thick as broad, with the ascendiny points in the centre very short, ahnost obsolete on the lower scales, \ to h in. lono- on a few of the*upper ones. Female cones about as long- and thicker, the scales fewer, their apex at least | in. broad and |^ in. thick, and mostly with the transverse appendag-e tapering- into an erect linear-lanceoUite point of 1 to 2 in. — Enccphalartos Miquelii, F. Muell. Frag-m. iii. 38. Queensland. Moreton bay, W. Hill; Rockliampton, Thozet. 'Ihe ahove typical form seems to be cliaracterized by the woolly base of the petioles the broad tiat rhachis, and the lliick scaled cones; but there are other speciniens wliere these cliaracters dn not appear to be conjoined. Some, Irom Qiieensland and perhaps also ironi N. S. Wales, have the concs aiid in most respects the foliage of M. Miquelii but with no trace of ihe wonl on the base ot' the petioles. 'Ihese have found their way into some ofour gardens and museums under the names of M. Jlacleai/i and 31. Mac- kemii, and have also in our gardens been sometimes misnamed M. Fraseri. Most of them, liowever, are either without c.nes, or with no certainty that the cones have not been mismatched. 5. M. Perowskiana, Miq. Cycad. N. Holl. This is the larg-est and most distinct of Australian Macrozamice. Trunk 18 to 20 ft. hio-h and at least 1 ft. thick. Leaves 7 to 12 ft. long-, the petioles angular, ^labrous or pubescent at the base ; pinnae 1 to 2 ft. long- in the larg-er leaves, \ in. broad below the middle, very obscurely and finely marked with parallel veins, only slightly contraeted at the base and inserted longitudinally along- the centre of the upper surface of the rhachis, without any or only a very narrow line separating- the two rows, the upper ones gradually shorter. Male cones ovoid, 4 to 6 in. long-, 3 to 4 in. diameter, the apex of the scales 1 to l^ in. broad, very thick and produced into a short triang-ular or lanceohite almost obtuse point. Female cones 8 to 16 in. long- and very thick, the scales shorter and broader than in the males, the apex tomentose-pubescent, often 2 in. broad, tapering- into a short and very obtuse or rather long-er and lan- ceolate recurved point. Seeds very obhque, about 2 in. long- and 1 in. broad. — Lepidozaviia Pero7vskiana, Reg'el in Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Mosc. 1857, i. 184, t. 4; Macrozamia Denisonii, F. Muell. Frag'm. i. 41, 243* A. DC. Prod. xvi. ii. 536 ; Encephalartos Doiisonii, F. Muell. in Journ. Pharm. Soc. Vict. ii. 90 ; Miq. in Versl. K. Akad. Wet. Amst. xv. 371. 254 cxvii. CYCADEiE. [Mocrozamia. Queensland. Between Cleveland and Rockingham bays, W. Hill ; Rockingham bay, iJullachy ; Expedition range, A. C. Gregory. Specimens occur iii herbaria and in our gardens of two varieties, differing in the greater or less distinctiveness of the veins of the pinnulse, and bearing often the namea of Cutakidozamia Mncleayi and C. Hopei, Hill. 3. BOWENIA, Hook. Male cones oblong'-cylindrical ; females g-lobular, the scales broad at the apex, rather thick, truncate, the females with one pendulous ovule and seed on each side. — Trunk of Mucrozaviia. Leaves bipinnate, with long- petioles and rhachis, the pinnules petiolulate, broad, oblique, without any midrib. The genus is limited to the single Australian species, differing from Macrozamia onlj in foliage and in the absence of the point to the cone-scales. 1. B. spectabilis, Hook. Bot. Marj. t. 6398. Trunk thick, scarcely raised above the ground, marked with the scars of the old leaves, the whole plant g-labrous. Leaves attaining- in outline a leng-th of 3 or 4 ft, and spreading- to at least half that breadth, loosely bipmnate, the primary pinnee clustered 3 to 5 tog-ether a little below the middle of the common petiole or rhachis, with 1 or 2 distant ones on each side higher up, the rhachis nearly terete, cach pinna often a foot long- or more, bearing- 9 to 20 segments ovate or ovate-lanceolate, oblique or falcate acuminate, tapering- into a short petiole, marked with numerous parallel scarcely prominent veins, 2 to 4 in. long'. Cones very shortly pedun- culate, the males \\ to 2 in. long-, | to 1 in. diameter ; fruiting- females nearly globular, 3 to 4 in. diameter in the specimens seen, the scales with a narrow base between the seeds expanded into a broad thick truncate apex which appears somewhat tieshy in the unopened cone, but when ripe and dry is hard, not so thick, and fully 1 in. broad. — F. Muell. Fragm. v. 171 ; A. DC. Prod. xvi. ii. 534. Queensland. Endeavour river, A. Cunningham ; Rockingbam bay, W. Hill, Dallachy. 255 Class II. MONOCOTYLEDONS. Stem not distinguisbable into pitb, wood and bark, but, when perennial, consistinji' of" bundles of fibres irregularly imbedded in cellu- lar tissue, with a firmly adherent rind outside. Seeds with one cotyledon, the embryo undivided, the young- stem developed from a slieath-like cnvity on one side. — Herbs or if arborescent the stem usually undivided or sparing-ly branched and crowned by a tuft of larg-e leaves. Leaves usually alternate or radical, entire with simple parallel veins, the base usually encirclini;- or sheathing the stem or tbe base of the next leaf, pinnate or otherwise divided in some Palms and Aroidca, occasionallv lobedin a very few species, and net-veined in a few g-enera of several Urders. Parts of the Hower most frequently in threes, or in a few Orders the perianth wanting-, or the parts reduced in number when irreg"ular, or in twos or fours in Naiadece. OiiDEB CXVIII. HYDROCHARIDE^. Flowers mostly unisexual. Perianth of 3 or 6 seg-ments, either all petal-hke or the three outer ones herbaceous and usually smaller, with a tube adherent to the ovary in the feraales, without any tube in the males. Stamens 3 to 12 or rarely more. Anthers 2-celled. Ovary inferior, either 1-celled with 3 parietal placentse, or more or less per- fectly divided into 3, 6, or 9 cells. Styles 3, 6, or 9, with entire or 2-cleft stig"mas. Ovules numerous, ascending- or pendulous, ortho- tropous or anatropous, attached to placentas lining' the walls or disse- piments of the ovary. Fruit indeliiscent, membranous or fleshy, ripening' under ^vater. Seeds several or many, without albumen. Embryo straight, the plumule more or less Lateral, the radicle next the hilum. — Aquatic herbs, entirely submerg-ed or the himina of the leaves tioating-. Leaves undivided. Flowers enclosed when young- in a spathe, either of 1 to 3 leaves or tubular and 2- or 3-lobed, the males 1, 2 or more in the spathe, the females solitary. The Orderhas a wide range over the tropical and temperate regions both of the New and the Old World, and of the five Australian genera three have the general area of the Order, the other two are limited to tlie Old World. Tufts of radical leaves and scapes floating. Leaves with a broad lamina. Male spathes 2- or 3 flowered. Ovarv and fruit 6-celled 1. Hydeochaeis. Tufts of radical leaves and scapes fixed to the bottom of the water. Leaves with a broad lamina. Flowers hermaphrodite, solitary. Ovary partially 6-celled 2. Ottelia. Leaves elongated without any lamina. Flowers unisexual. Maie flowers several in the spathe, exserted. Periantb of 6 segments 3. Blyxa. Male flowers numerous, crowded in a head shorter than the f>pathe. Perianth of 3 segruents 4. Vallisneeia. Leaves smali, verticillate along the floating stems. Spathes sessile, both males and females l-flowered 5. Hydeilla. 256 CXViii. HYDROCHARIDEiE. [Hydrocharis. 1. HYDROCHARIS, Linn. Flowers dicecious. Males 2 or 3 tog-ether in a spathe of 2 bracts. Outer segTnents of the perianth g-reen, inner ones larg-er and petal-like. Stamens usually 9 with anthers, and 3 harren lilaments, the filaments united in pairs. Female Howers solitary and pedicellate within the spatlie. Ovary and fruit 6-celled. Styles 6, each with 2 stigmatic hranches. — Stems lloating, with tufts of radical leaves and peduncles. Leaves hearing- a cordate himina. The genus is limiteil to a single species spread over Europe and the temperate regions of Asia, the Australian specimens preseiiting no app.irent difference. 1. H. morsus-ranse, Linn. Spec. Pl. 14G6. Stems lloating-, resem- bling- the runners of creeping- plants, with floatin^ tufts of radical leaves peduncles and suhmerged roots. Leaves on long- petioles ex- panded into a sheath at the base, orbicular, entire, cordate at the base, but less deeply so in the Australian than in the European specimens, rather thick, 1 to 2 in. diameter. Male spathes | to 1 in. long-, on pe- duncles of about the same leng-th, the liowers shortly exserted. Inner perianth-seg-ments white, 4 or 5 lines long-, outer ones about half as long- and g-reen, all very broad. Stamens united in six pairs, the pairs opposite the outer seg'ments with both fihiments bearing- anthers, those opposite the inner segments with the inner tihiment barren. Anther- cells bordering- a broad connective. Feraale spathe sessile, the llower on a rather long- pedicel enlarg-ed at the top into an inferior ovar}^ the perianth nearly the same as in the males. Fruit ovoid, somewhat fleshy, under i in. long-.— L. C. Rich. in Mem. Inst. Fr. 1811, t. 9; Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ. t. 62. Queensland. Wide bay, Bidwill. F. Mueller states that he has also received it from two diffeient localities in Queensland. I have not seen his specimens, nor do I know whether there may be any reason to suppose that it is an iutroduced plaut. 2. OTTELIA, Pers. (Damasonium, Sciireb., not of Juss.) Flowers hermaphrodite, solitary and sessile within a tubular 2-lobed spathe. Outer perianth-seg-ments g-reen, inner ones larg-er and petal- like. Stamens 6 or more ; anthers hnear. Styles or stigmas 6, 2-lobed. Ovary and fruit more or less completely 6-celled, with numerous ovules and seeds. — Sulunerg-ed herbs, the radical leaves and peduncles in tufts at the bottom of the water. Leaves mostly or all bearing; an oblong ovate or broad-cordate hamina. The genus is spread over tropical Asia and Africa with one American species. Of the three Australian species, one is the common ludian one, the two others apparently endemic. Leaf-lamina broadly cordate. Spathe winged 1. 0. alismoides. Leaf-lamina ovate or oblong. Spathe not winged. Spathe firm, the outer perianth-segnients protruding and persis- teut on the fruit 2. 0. ovalifolia. Ottelia.] CXVIll, HYDROCHARIDE^. 267 Spathe thinly membranous, dceply 2 lobed, the lobes much longcr tliaii the fVuit Z. 0.'^ tenera. 1. O. alismoides, Prrs. S//n. Pl. i. 400. Leaves on lonp; petioles dilatod and tutnHl at the bottom of the water, the lamina submerg-ed or floatiny, orbicidar-cordate and about (5 in. diametor in the Australian specimens, varying- in Indian ones to broadly ovate. Peduncles usually long". Spathe ovoid-oblong-, nearly IJ in. h)ng', sliortly 2-lobed at the top, and bearinp,' 5 or (> king"itudinal lierbaceous wing-s, "2 or 3 of them 1 to 2 lines broad, the others usually narrower. Ovary and fruit about the leng-th of the spathe. Outer perianth-segments g-reen, oblong-- lanceolate, 4 to 5 lines long-; inner ones white, veined, under 1 in. diameter. Stamens 6 to 9. — L. C. Rich. in Mem. Inst. Fr. 1811, t. 7; Strutiotes alismoides, Linn. Spec. 754 ; Damasonium indicum, Willd. Sp. Pl. ii. 276 ; Koxb. Corom. Pl. t. 185 ; Bot. Mag-. t. 1201. N. Australia. Eoper rivcr, F. Mueller ; Creeks in the neighbourhood of Rock- hampton, Bowman, O^Shanesy, Walson; Kennedy district, Daintree. — The species is widuly dispersed over East India. 2. O. ovalifolia, L.C. Rich. in Mem. Dist. Fr. 1811, 7^. Habit of 0. alisnmdes, but the leaf-lamina ovate or oblong, 2 to 4 in. long- when perfect, obtuse, rounded at the base and not at all or scarcely cordate. Peduncles soraetimes very short sometimes above 1 ft. long-, varying probably according- to the depth of the water. Spathe almost coriaceous,. about l^in. long-, eitherquite smooth or with 2 or 3 slightly prominent, long-itudinal nerves, but not wing-ed in any of the specimens seen Outer perianth-seg-ments g-reen, f to 1 in. long-; inner ones pale yellow l^ to 2 in. diameter in the only specimens in which they are perfect. Stamens 9 to 15. — Damasoniim ovalifoUum, R. Br. Prod. 344; D. cyg- norum, Planch. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3, xi. 82. N. Australia. Albert river, Henne. Queensland. Rnckhampton, Bowman, Thozet ; Mount Elliott, Fitzalan. N. S. 'Wales. Port .Jackson, R. Broion ; Penrith, Backhouse; north of Lachlan river, A. Cunninijham ; Clarence river, Wilcox. Victoria. Gleneig or Wendu river, Robertson ; Yarra river, Adamson, F. Mueller; Lake Alexandria, F. Mueller. \ir. Australia. Swan river, Drummond, \st coll. 3. O. ? tenera, Benth. Leaf-lamina ovate or oblong- as in 0. ovalifolia, but smaller, aud the whole plant much more slender. Spathe thinly membranous, rarely above 1 in. long-, deeply divided into 2 lobes which project much beyond the capsule, forming- an oblique double lanceolate point. Capsule thin and narrow, the seeds rather larg-e, oblong-, the placentas scarcely protruding- into the cavity, the fruit bearing- at the end some withered remains of the perianth, but I have been unable to find flowers in any of our specimens ; the generic identity is therefore in some measure doubtful. Victoria. Wendu river, Robertson. W. Australia, Drummond, Ath coU, n. 322. VOL. VI. S 258 cxviii. hybrocharidejE. [Blyxa. 3. BLYXA, Thou. Flowers usually dioecious. Males several, protruding when open from a tubular 2-toothed spathe. Perianth-segments all hnear, the 3 outer ones g-reen, the 3 inner longer and petal-like. Stamens 8 or 9 j anthers linear. Female ilowers solitary in the sheath, the ovary sessile ; perianth-tube above the ovary long- and filiform, the seg-ments as in the males or narrower. Style exserted, with 3 linear stigmas. Ovary narrow, with parietal phicentas. Fruit narrow, enclosed in the spathe. Seeds many. — Submerg'ed herbs, the leaves long" and g-rass-like without laminte, acute and entire, tufted with the peduncles at the bottom of the water. Besides the Australian species, wbich is spread over tropical Asia, there is another from the Mascarene ishmds. 1. B. Roxburghii, Bicli. in Mem. Inst. Fr. 1811, 11 , t. 5. Leaves entirely submerged, long- and narrow Uke those of Vallisneria spiraUs, but more acute and not serrulate. Spathes both raale and female on long" slender peduncles, the males about 1| to 2 in. long', containing' several flowers, but usually only 1 to 3 protrude at the same time, on pedicels several hnes longer than the spathe. Outer perianth-segments about 2|- hnes long-, the inner twice as long'. Stamens about 8, the filaments short, the Hnear anthers not exceeding- the outfr perianth- segments. Female spathe usually longer and more slender than the male, the ovary much shorter, but the perianth-tube projecting* above ^ in. from the spathe, the segments narrower than in the males. Fruit narrow, entirely enclosed in the spathe, varying from 1 to 2 in., the seedsnot very numerous. — ValUsneria octandra, Roxb. PL Corom. ii. 34, t. 165 ; Bhjxa octandra, Planch. Mss. ; Thw. Enum. Pl Ceyl 332. N. Australia. Eohinson river, Gulf of Carpentaria, F. Mueller; Port Darwin, SchuUz, ?L 423. Queensland. Water-holes, Eockingham hay, and Bnrdekin river, Dallachy. S. Australia. Waters near Lake Torrens, F. Muelhr. Our specimens are not sufBciently perfect to show the form of the female perianth, nor whether it has the three stamens mentinned by Decaisne and bj Thwaites, but whicU do not appear to he always present in the Indian plant. 4. VALLISNERIA, Linn. Flowers dioecious. Males minute and very numerous in an ovoid- globular 3-lobed spathe. Perianth-segments 3. Stamens 1 to 3 ; anthers with 2 giobular cells. Female ilowers solitary and sessile in a narrow tubular 3-toothed spathe. Perianth-tube not produced above the ovary ; segments 3. Staminodia (or inner perianth-seg-ments ?) 3, small, bifid, aiternating' with the perianth-segments. Stig-mas 3, broad, 2-dentate or bifid. Ovary narrow, with 3 parietal placentas. Fruit narrow- cyHndrical, enclosed in the spathe. Seeds numerous, cyHudricaL — Submerged herbs, the leaves and peduncles tufted at the bottom of the water, the leaves very long-, without any lamina. Yullisncria.] CXVIII. HYDROCHAKIDEiE. 259 Tlie gcnus is generally distributod over thc (ropical and tempcrate regions oi' tlic Ncw as weil as tlic Old World, the Australian spccies being the one most connnon over the whole area. 1. V. spiralis, Linn. Sp. Pl. 1441. Leaves ontirely submerged, verj long- aud narrow when tlie water is deep, short in shallow water, obtuse or acute and more or less serrulate at the end with minute teeth, or sometimes perhaps quite entire. Male spathes about 3 lines long-, on a peduncle usually short, but said to break off and enable the ilower to iloat to the surface and fecundate the female. Flowers minute, apparently formino" an ovoid or g-lobular head not quite so long" as the spathe, but the pedicels really 3 or 4 times as long' as the minute perianth. Female spathe usually about ^ in. long', very narrow, on a spirally coiled filiform peduncle, which unfolds so as to carry the flower to the surface till after fecundation, when it contracts and brings the ovary down to the bottoni to mature. Perianth very small but larger than in the males. Fruiting- spathe only slig-htly enlarg-ed. — Rich. Mem. Inst. Fr. 1811, t. 3; Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ. t. 60; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 37 ; T^ spiralis and V. nana^ R. Br. Prod. 345. N. Australia. Albert and Roper rivers, F. Mmller ; Arnhem's Land, R. Brown. Queensland. Burnett river, F, Mueller ; between Cleveland and Rocliingham bays, IT'. Hill ; Fitzroy river, 0' Shanesy, several feet long. N. S. TVales. New England, C. Stuart ; lagoons near Ricbmond, Wilhelmi. Victoria. Wendu river, Bohertson ; Avon, Tambo, Mitta-Mitta, aud Murray rivers, F. Mueller. Tasmania. Very common in the South Esk river, Gunn. S. Australia. Torrens river, F. Mueller. The Australian specimens I have seen prove to be all females ; I have described the males from European ones. Brown's V. naiia was founded on a dwarf narrow-leaved form, such as I have seen from some other countries. The leaves of his specimens are as described by him mostly acute and all quile entire, but one or two are obtuse, and in the larger forms from New South Wales, Victoria, and Tasmania the shorter sub- merged leaves are sometimes acute, and occasionaily, whether obtuse or acute, without any or scarcely any of the minute serratures which usually characterize them. 5. HYDRILLA, Rich. Flowers dioecious, both sexes solitary in a short tubular spathe. Male perianth shortly pedunculate, the outer seg-ments ovate and g-reen, three inner ones oblong'-linear and petal-like. Stamens 3, with reniform anthers. Female perianth with a long- filiform tube above the ovary, the seg-ments all petal-like and less unequal than in the males. Style elong-ated, with 3 filiform stigmas. Ovary 1-celled, with 3 parietal placentas. Fruit cylindrical, linear, with few seeds. — Submerg-ed herbs with branching- stems and short verticillate leaves. Spathes sessile in the axils. The genus is restricted by Caspary to the single species common in still and slowly running waters of the tropical and temperate regions of the Oid World, the Australiaa form being the typical oue originally described from India. 1. H. verticillata, Casp. in Monatsber. Akad. Berl. 1857. Stems leafy throughout, much branched and floating- under water in large s 2 260 cxviii. HYDROCHARiDE^. [Hydrilla. masses. Leaves all in whorls of 4 to 8, except a sing-le small sheathing one at the base of each branch and a pair only next above it, all oblong- lanceolate or broadly linear, 2 to 4 lines long- and serrulate in the Australian as in the typical Indian form, very narrow-linear in some Asiatic varieties. Male spathes not seen ; the above character taken from Roxburo-h and others. Female spathes sessile and solitary, shorter than the leaves, the perianth-tube i to f in. long- in the Australian specimens, the outer perianth-seg-ments nearly 1| lines long-, the inner ones shorter and narrower. Fruit linear, with few seeds. — Serpicula ver ti cilla ta, Linn. f. Suppi. 416; Roxb. Corom. Pl. t. 164; mjdrilla ovalifolia, Rich. in Mem. Inst. Fr. 1811, 76, t. 2; Udora australis, F. Muell. Second Gen. Rep. 16. N. Australia. Gilbert and Eoper rivers, F. Mueller. Queensland. Water-boles near Rockhampton, Bowman, 0'Shanesij ; near Herbert river, Dallacliy ; Mount Elliott, Fitzalan. N. S. Wales. likhmond vuer, Fawcett ; Baifom' s sta.tiOTi, LeicJikardt. Victoria. Murray river, F. Mueller. Order CXIX. SCITAMINEJE. Flowers hernlaphrodite or unisexual, irreg-ular. Perianth superior, normally of 6 parts in two series, the 3 outer ones united in a 3-toothed or 3-lobed tube or upper lip, or in g-enera not Australian free, the 3 inner ones variously combined wuth the outer perianth or more frequently with the staminodes or stamen, or the lower one free. Stamens 'normally 3 or 6, but in most g-enera only 1, in 3Iusa only 5, bearing- anthers, the others either wanting or converted into barren petal-like staminodes often called an inner corolla, or short and linear ; in most g-enera one of them is usually larg-er, broadly petal-like and on the side opposed to the perfect stamen and is then called the luMlum. Anthers 2-celled or in g-enera not Australian 1-celled. Ovary inferior, 3-celled, with 1 or more ovules in each cell or rarely 1-celled. Style simple with a terminal entire or lobed stigma. Fruit a berry or a fleshy or dry capsule. Seeds albuminous. — Herbs, usually with a perennial rhizome. Stem short or rarely elong-ated unless formed of the convolute leaf-sheaths, and then often attaining- a considerable height. Leaves entire, with long- sheathing- petioles, the limb often very large, with very numerous parallel veins diverging- from the midrib. Flowers often very showy, in spikes racemes or panicles, on a radical or terminal scape or peduncle. A considerable tropical or sublropical Order, comnion to tbe New and tbe Old World. The Austiab'an genera are all Asiatic also, and two of tbem extend to America. Of tbe nine species, bowever, bere enumerated, I bave seen specimens of three only, the specitic descriptions of tbe other six are taken from a slieet of Mtieller"s Fragmenta, received at tlie moment of placing tbis portion of tbe copy in the printer's bands, whilst tbe genuric cbaracters bave necessarily been extiacted troio other works and checked by Asiatic specimens, and may therefore not always agree precisely with tbe plants here referred to them. CXIX. SCITAMINEjE. 261 Tribe 1. Musaceee. — Tnner and outer perianth more or lesa comhined, or each Z-parted to the base. Perfect staniens usiuuly 5. Perianth of 2 segments, the upper outer one 5-lobed at the cnd, the lower inner one niuch bmallcr !• Musa. Tribe 2. Zingiberacese. — Outcr perianth or calyx Ztonthed or spathaceous ; inner periantk or cor.iUafree from it, cjmbined at the base with the filanient into a tube. One perfect upper staiiien and one large petal-like loiver staminode or labelluni opposite it. Flowers in dense spikes with imbricate bracts, on a short scape separate fi-om the leafy stems or tufts. Flowers 3 to 5 withiu cach bract. CoroUa with 2 inner lobes or petallike stamiuodcs 2. Curcuma. Fiowers solitary within each bract. Corolla without inner lobes. Connective produced into a 3-lobed appendage beyond the anther. Corolla-lobes as loug as thu tube 3. Amomum. Connective not produccd beyond the anthor. CoroUa-tube slender, niuch longer thin the lubes . _ 4. Elettaria. Flowers iu a loose raceme ur tliyrsus terminating a leafy stem. Labelhim flat, spreading . . . . _ 5. Alpinia. Flowers in a thick dense spike with imbricate bracts, terminating a leaty stem. Labeilum convolute erect. Ovary 3-celled. Labellum longer thau the coroUa .... 6. Costu.s. Ovary 2-celled. Labellum shorter than the coroUa .... 7. Tapeinocheilos. Tribe 1. MusACE^. — Inner and outer periantli more or less com- bined, or each 3-parted to tlie base. Perfect stamens usiially five. 1. MUSA, Linn. Flowers usually unisexual. Perianth of 2 segments, the outer one formed of the 8 outer and 2 of the inner parts, tubular iu the bud but open from the base on the lower side, petal-like, with 5 teeth or short lobes of which 2 inner ones usually smaller than the three outer ; the inner perianth-seg-ment (or third inner part) much shorter and usually recurved. Perfect stamens 5, with linear anthers, the sixth either wanting- or forming a filiform staminode adnate to the inner perianth- seg-ment. Ovary 3-celled, with numerous ovules. Style elong-ated, clavate, with a concave stig-ma. Fruit oblong- or cylindrical, often curved, more or less succulent and indehiscent. Seeds numerous, with a coriaceous testa and a broad concave hilum ; albumen copious, mealy or almost g-ranular. — Tall often almost tree-like herbs, the convolute sheaths of their very long- larg-e leaves forming- a stem of considerable heig-ht. Scapes protruding- from the centre of the leaf-sheath. Flowers clustered in the axils of larg-e coloured bracts, forming- a long- terminal spike or raceme, either drooping-, or, in species not Australian, erect. The genus is limited to the tropical regions of tlie Old World. The ouly Australian species is beUeved to be endemic. 1. M. Banksii, F. Muell. Fragm. iv. 132. " A species of moderate heig-ht, very readily stoloniferous, with the habit of M. paradisiaca," to which it is evideutly very closely allied if really distinct. Leaves 202 cxix. sciTAMiNE^. [Musa. " 5 or 6 ft. long, on a petiole of l^ to 2 ft.," not including- jirobably the sheatliing- base. liaceme apparently recurved. Bracts oblonu-, rather obtuse, 3 to 4 in. long-, a few of the lovver ones much long-er aud acuminate. Flowers from 10 to 20 within each bract, on short pedicels. Male perianth (from a Avild specimen) conspicuously striate with nume- rous parallel long-itudinal veins, the outer convolute segment about l^ in. long- and 5 lines broad if spread open, shortly 5-lobed, the 3 outer lobes lanceolate, about 2 lines long-, the 2 inner ones oblong and rather shorter ; the lower inner seg-ment 4 or 5 lines long- and at least 3 lines broad, striate like the outer one, but with a prominent midrib (or adnate staminode ?) produced into a rather long- point beyond the segment. Stamens nearly as long" as the outer seg-ment. Ovary rudimentary, with a style about as long- as the stamens, slig-htly chivate at the end. Female llowers (from a specimen cultivated in the Mel- bourne Botanic Garden) with an ovary of nearly | in. Outer perianth- seg'ment under 1 in. long, the outer lobes narrower and more acute than in the males, the inner lobes linear; lower inner segment narrow- lanceolate, above h iu. long. Anthers Hnear but smaller than in the males. Style rather shorter than the outer perianth-seg-ment, thickly clavate towards the end, with a large concave obhque unequally lobed stig*ma. Fruits (from the wild specimens) in bunches of 12 to 20, each one on a stipes of 1 to 2 in., c^^lindrical, straight or slightly in- curved, 4 to 5 in. long, g^ to | in. diameter when dry. Seeds about 2 lines diameter, irreg-uhirly ang'ular from pressure ; testa coriaceous, marked with a broad coucave hilum ; albumen very white mealy almost g-ranular. Queensland. Mount Elliott, FltzaJan ; Eockinjiham bay, DaUacht/. — Gsertnei^a figure, wliich F. Mueller tbinks may havf been taken trom this speeies, appears to nie to represent the true 31. jjaradidaca. I tind no record ot' Banks and Solander having Been any Musa in Australia. If Ihey had brought fruits honie they would surely have been mentioned by R. Brown, either in the Prodromus or in his notes on the geogra- graphical distribution of the genus in his Observatious on the Botany of Congo. Tribe 2. ZiNGiBERACE^. — Outer perianth or calyx 3-toothed or 3-lobed or spathaceous ; inner perianth or corolla free from it, com- bined with the tilament into a tube, the limb 3-Iobed with sometimes 2 inner additional lobes or staminodia. One perfect upper stamen, ■with a 2-celIed anther embracing- the style, and one lart.>e petal-Iike labellum or lower staminode opposite it and sometimes 2 short linear staminodes (stylodes of Horaninow) at the base of the style. 2. CURCUMA, Linn. Flowers hermaphrodite. Calyx tubular, 3-toothed; corolla-tube longer than the calyx, the limb of 3 outer lobes of whicli the upper one is broader than the 2 others, and 2 inner lobes or staminodes re- sembhng- the 2 outer lower lobes and adnate at the base on their inuer margins to the short broad petal-Iike filament of the perfect stamen. La- bellum broad and petal-like ; two short linear staminodes at the base Ourcuma.] CXIX. SCITAMINEJE. 263 of the style. Antlier oblono--liiiear, the 2 cells folded round tlie summit of the stvle iind j)roduced at the base into auricles or spurs. Ovarv 3-celled. ' Style filiform, with a capitate sti}^-ma. Capsule 3-celled, loculicidally 3-valved. Seeds several, arillate.— Herbs with a perennial rhizoine and clustered lleshy roots. Leaves with convolute sheathing- bases. Scapes simple, with a thick erect spike. Bracts concave or saccate and imbricate at the base, with broad spreading- often coloured ends. Flowers yellow, 3 to 5 within each bract. Tlie genus is generally distributed over tropical Asia, the only Australian species is, as far as hitberto knowii, endemic. 1. C. australasica, Hooh. f. Bot. Maxj. t. 6620. Rhizome with a cluster of wliite cylindrical tuberous roots. Leaves 1 to l^ ft. lon^, lanceolate or narrow-elliptical, acute, tapering into a long sheathing petiole. Scape lengthening- to about 6 in. below the broad spike, wliich attains from 5 to 7 in., the upper bracts 1 to \\ in. long, with broad spreading- rose-coloured ends, the lower bracts green, closely erect and broadly saccate at the base, with short broad spreading- ends. Flowers of a pale yellow, about as long- as the lower bracts. Corolla-tube twice as long- as the calyx, dilated upwards, the upper lobe concave and broad, the lateral outer ones and upper inner one or staniinodes broadly oblong; labellum broadly orbicular almost reniform, notched and undulate on the margin. Antlier-auricles narrow and acute. Queensland. Cape York, Daemd, Gidliver ; Cape Sidmouth, C. Walter. — The dried specimens too much crusbed to admit of a careful examination of the structure of the flower ; the above description taken chiefly from that given by Dr. Huoker iu the Botanical Magazine. 3. AMOMUM, Linn. Calyx tubular, spathaceous or 3-lobed at the top. Corolla-limb as long as the tube, 3-lobed, the dorsal lobe broader than the lateral ones, without inner lobes. Labellum large, llat, entire or lobed. Fila- ments llat, the connective produced beyond the anther-cells into a 3-lobed appendage, the lateral lobes divaricate, the middle one erect, entire or notched ; anther-cells embracing the style. Two small linear staminodes at the base of the style. Ovary 3-celled. Style liliform, chivate at the end, with a concave stigma. Fruit succulent or opening in 3 valves. Seeds arillate. — Herbs with creeping rhizomes. Leaves on barren stems often several feet high. Flowering scapes short, with sheathing scales. Spike short, with broad imbricate bracts. Flowers usually large, one within each bract. The genus is widely spread over the tripical regions of both the New and the Old World. The only Australian species, which 1 have uot seen, is believed to be endemic. 1. A. DaUach^ri, F. Muell. Frarjm. viii. 25. Leaves lanceolate, narrow-poiuted, often above 1 ft. loug and nearly 2 in. broad. Scapes very short. Bracts shorter than the calyx, a few larger ones at the base of the spike, the largest 1| in. long. Calyx about 1 in long, inem- branous, striate-veined, shortly 3-toothed. Corolla yellow, the lobes 2G4 cxix. sciTAMiNEiE. [Amomum. about an inch long and rather longer than the tube, the dorsal one broadly ovate, the lateral ones oblong. Labellum as long as the corolla, I in. broad, orbicuhir, contracted at the base, shortly and obtusely S-lobed, tliickened along- the centre. Middle lobe of the connective-appendage shorter than the lateral ones. Capsule green, nearly globuhir, unequally muricate, tardily opening in 3 valves. Seeds rather numerous. Queensland. Rc ckingham bay, Dallachy. — The above descriptiou extracted from that given by F. Mueller. 4. ELETTARIA, White. Calyx tuLular, 2- or 3-toothed. Corona-hmb 3-lobed, shorter than the slender tube, without inner lobes. Labellum hirge, tiat, entire or lobed. Filament llat, but the connective not produced beyond the anther-cells ; anther-cells embracing the style. Two small linear stami- nodes at the base ofthe style. Ovary 3-celled. Style filiform, chivate at the end, with a concave stigma. Fruit succulent or opening in 3 valves. Seeds arillate. — Herbs with the habit of Amomnm, but usually more slender, with smaller tiowers, fewer in a looser spike. The genus extends over tropical Asia, the Au.stralian species, which I have not seen, is believed to be endemic. 1. E. Scottiana, F. Muell. Frafjm. viii. 24. Rhizome woody, the leafy stems attaining 12 ft. or more. inchiding tlie long lanceolate leaves, which are l^ to 2 ft. long and 3 to 4 in. broad in the middle. Scapes about 2 in. long, with imbricate sheathing scales, passing into involucral bracts of about 2 in., silky-pubescent outside. Bracts under each flower membranous, pellucid, 2 to 3 in. long. Calyx the length of the bracts. Corolla-tube 3 to 4 in. long, very slender, the lobes red, nearly equal, oblong, at least ^ in. long. Labellum rather longer than the coroHa-lobes, ovate, entire. Connective not extending beyond the apex of the anther-cells. Capsule ovate or ellipsoid, opening tardily in 3 valves. Seeds numerous. Queensland. Rockingham bay, Dallachy. — The above description extracted from that given by F. Mueller. 5. ALPINIA, Linn. (Hellenia, WiUd.) Flowers hermaphrodite. Calyx tubular, 3-toothed, often spathaceous. Corolla-tube longer than the calyx, the hmb of 3 usually unequal lobes. Labellum broad, flat, usually exceeding the corolla-lobes. Fihiment narrow, often flHform, the connective not at all or only very shortly produced beyond the anther-cells. Two short linear staminodes at the base of the style. Ovary 3-celled, with many ovules. Style fihform. Stigma terminal, concave. Fruit globuhir or obovoid, suc- culent or with a crustaceous or dry pericarp, indehiscent or rarely obscurely 3-valved. Seeds not very numerous. — Erect herbs with a Alpinia.] cxix. scitamine^. 265 tuberous rhizome and leafy stems. Flowers in a terminal raceme thyrsus or raceme-likc panicle. Bracts usually deciduous. A tropical genus liniited to the (Jld Woild. The tliroe Austnilian species, of which I have ouly seen one, are believed to be endemic. The genus Ilcllcnia, united with Alpinia by Roscoe, was again separated by Brown, cliiefly with relerence to thc //. cocrulia, Br., which differs from most other species, even from Willdeni)w's H. chi- nensig, in the short termiual appcndago to the anther and the crustaceous not baccate tVuit. But A. AUughas has precisely the same fruit, and the projccfion of the connec- tive is so short as to be of very little importance. I had therefore in the Flora llong- kongensis proposcd reuniting the genera, and F. Mueller in his MSS. notes also sug- gests the con.solidation. Raceme simple. Anther-connective not produced beyond tho ceHs. Capsule tardily 3-valved \. A. racemigera. Thyrsus or panicle narrow. Antber-oonnective produced beyond the cells. Flowers under 1 in. long. Anther-coiinective very shortiy pro- duced. Fruit crustaceous iudehiscent .... . . . 2. A. ccerulea. Flowers above 1 iii.loiig. Anther-appendage obovate 2 lines long. Capsule ellipsoid, 3-valved 3. ^4. arctiflora. 1. A. racemigera, F. Miiell. Fmgm. viii. 27. A low species. Leaves lonu;--huiceoUHte, acuminate, about 1 ft. long- and 2^ in. broad, on a minutely biauriculate sheath without any intervening- petiole. Flowers pale yellow, numerous in a sing-le raceme of \it. or shorter, the rhachis and pedicels pubescent. Bracts hinceolate, shorter than the pedicels ■which are 2 to 3 in. long;, Calyx unequally divided to the middle into 3 lobes, about 4 lines long-. Corolla glabrous, aboui 8 lines long-, the lobes about as long- as the tube, nearly equal but the upper one more concave. Labellum orbicular-rhomboidal, 3 to 4 lines diameter. Fihi- ment broadly linear, f line long- ; anther nearly 1 line, the connective not produced beyond the cells. Style capiHary, wath a minute stigma. Capsule ovoid, red, 4 to 7 lines long-, opening- tardily in 3 valves. Seeds shining-, 2 to 7 in each cell. Queensland. Eoci^ingham bay, Dallachy. — I have seen no speciraen. Tbe above desciiptiun is an abridgment of the one given by F. Mueller. 2. A. coerulea, Benth. Leafy stems attaining* 4 or 5 ft. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, often above 1 ft. long- and 2 in. broad, acutely acuminate, shortly petiolate above the sheath, which ends in a broad obtuse erect auricle of 3 or 4 lines. Thyrsus terminal, 4 to 8 in. loug-, appearing- almost as a simple raceme when first llowering', but most of the peduncles, though short, developing- 2 to 6 fiowers, on pedicels of I to f in., the whole peduncle usually much shorter. A couvolute bract oi' ^ in. or less under each pedicel or branch, and 2 or 3 long- hm- ceohite sheathing: bracts at the base of the panicle, often 2 in. long-. Calyx narrow, 4 to o lines long-, usually spht ou the lower side. Corolla- tube sleuder, 6 to 7 lines long, lobes oblong-liuear, about 4 lines long-, the dorsal one scarcely broader than the others. Labellum hjnger than the lobes, broadly orbicular or almost reniform, about | in. diameter. Connective produced beyond the anther in a rounded or truncate ap- pendage, not 1 line long-. Fruit g-lobular, indehiscent, about ^ in. 20(1 cxix. sciTAMiNE^. [Aljnnia. diameter, with a brittle crustaceous pericarp. Seeds few in each cell, closely packed, with a small arillus. — Ilellenia coendea, R. Br. Prod. 308. Queensland. Shoalwater bay and Northumberland islands, R. Brown; Endeavour river, J.. Cunningham ; Moreion is]fim\, F". Mueller ; Fitzroy island, C. Walter; very common abont Rockingham bay, Dallachy, and Rockhampton, 0'Shanesy. N. S. ^Vales. Hunter'8 river, R. Brown; Tweed river, very common, Gullfoyle; Hastings and Clarence rivers, BecJcler; Richmond river, Henderson, Fawcett. 3. A. arctiflora, F. Mnell. Frafim. viii. 25. Stems attaining 12 ft. Leaves long--hinceohite about l^ ft. long- and 2J to 4 in. broad, contracted into a very short petiole above the long- sheathing- base. Panicle nar- row and dense, pubescent as well as the under side of the leaves. Outer bracts few, rather above 1 in. long, those subtending- the peduncles ] I in. long- or shorter. Calyx about 1 in. long, narrow, dilated upwards and acutely 3-lobed. Corolla white, pubescent outside, the lobes about 4 lines long', the tube longer. Labellum long-er than the corolla, 2-lobed, at least \ in. long and broad. Connective produced beyond the anther-cells into a cuneate-obovate appendag-e of about 2 lines. Style g-hibrous. Capsule ellipsoid, 3-valved, many-seeded. — Hellenia arctijiora, F. Muell. l.c. Queensland. Rockingham bay, Dallachy. — I have seen no specimen, the above character is taken from that given by F. Mueller. 6. COSTUS, Linn. Flowers hermaphrodite. Calyx tubular, shortly 3-lobed. Corolla- tube short, the hmb with 3 erect lobes. Labellum convohite, erect, usually hirg-e. Filament broad and petal-Hke, continuous with the con- nective and produced laterally and beyond the cells into a broad appen- dag-e. No staminodes. Ovary 3-celled, with niimerous ovules. Style filiform, the stigma dilated, flatly 2-lobed, with 2 dorsal appendag-es. Capsule 3-celled, opening* loculicidally in 3 valves. Seeds ariUate. — Herbs with an erect leafy stem and a dense terminal spike. Bracts broad, imbricate, with 1 flower in the axil of each. The genns is spread over the tropical regions of both the New and the Old World. The Australian species, which I have not seen, is believed to be endemic. 1. C. Potierae, F. Muell. Fragm. iv. 164. Stems about 10 ft. high. Leaves on very short petioles, oblong--lanceolate, acutely acuminate, 4 to 9 in. long", l^ to 2|- in. broad, sprinkled underneath with appressed hairs, the sheath shortly produced above the petiole, truncate and ciliate. Spike dense, globose or ovoid-globose, 2 to 3 in. long". Bracts scarlet, shorter than the calyx. Calyx about 1 in. long-, 3-toothed. Corolla yellow, the lobes 8 to 10 lines long- and nearly equal. Labellum 1 in. long- or rather larg-er, orbicular, imdivided, striate along* the centre. Filament and connective produced into a narrow border and a long" terminal apjiendage beyond the anther-cells. Capsule crowned by the persistent calyx, about |- in. long-, opening- loculicidally in 3 sUts. Queensland. Rockingham bay, Dallachy. — The above description extracted from that given by F. Mueller. Tapeinocheilos.] cxix. scitamine^, ~Q7 7. TAPEINOCHEILOS, Miq. Flowers hennaplirodite. Calyx tubular, shortly 8-lol)ed. Corolla- tube short, the linib ;3-lobed, the dorsal lobe rather broader and shorter than the lateral ones. Labellum erect, concave, shorter than the corolla, obscurely 3-lobed. Filanient broadly petal-like, continuous with tlie connective and shortly produced beyond the anther-cells. No starninodia. Ovary 2-cellcd, with numerous ovules. Stylo filitbrm, the stig-ma dilated, Hatly 2-lobed, without appendag-es. Fruit (dry ?) a])- parently indehiscent, crowned by the persistent coriaceous calyx, ^-celled. Seeds angular, with a small arillus. — Herb with the habit of Costvs. The genus is limited to a single species, native of tlie island of Cernm in the Indian Archipelago, the Australiau plant, which 1 have not seen, is believed to be ideutical as to species. 1. T. pungens, Miq. in Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. iv. 101, t. 4. Stem about l? ft. hiuh, covered with sheathing- scales, some ot" which emittrom their axils leafy branches. Leaves ovate-oblong-, terminating- abruptly in a narrow rigid point. Spike terminating- the main stem very- dense, 6 in. long' and 3 in. broad in our specimen, larger as fig-ured by Miquel. Bracts rigid, striate, imbricate, the broad ends recurved, of a rich crimson. Flowers yellow, scarcely exceeding- the bracts. Calyx ubout 10 lines long-. CoroUa 1| in. long-. Labellimi much shorter. Fruiting- calyx rig'idly coriaceous, com])ressed but thick, above 1 in. long", the lobes recurved and rig;id, the free tube as long- as and quite continuous witli the adnate base. — Costus jnmgens, Teysm. and Binnend. Queensland. Rockiugham bay, Kennedy, Dallachy {F. Miuiler). — Not haviug seen the Australiau specimens, I have taken the above character trom Miquers elabo- rate descriptiou and figure and from a fruitiug specimeu received from the Botauic Garden, Calcutta. Order cxx. ORCHIDE^. Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth superior, irregular or rarely reg-ular, of 6 petal-iike or g-reen seg-ments, all free or variously united ; 3 outer ones called sepuls all similar and erect or s]3reading-, or the dorsal one (next to the main axis unless the Hower is reversed by a twist of the ovary) more concave or otherwise ditferent from the 2 luteral ones (lower ones unless the tlower is reversed), wbich are always similar to each other ; 2 inner seg'ments called petals, similar to each other, one on each side of the dorsal sepal, and sometimes connivent or connate with it into a galeu, sometimes similar to the hiteral sepals, or ditferent from all the sepals; tlie sixth segment or third ])etal called the lubelluni, ditferent from all the others (except in Theljmitru and Apos- ta-si/i), inserted between the lateral sepals at the base of the colunin, and exceedingly varied in size, shape, lobes, calli, fring-e, or other ap- pendages. In the centre of the Hower or somewhat under the dorsal sepal is the column, consisting' of the combined androecium and pistil ; at the apex attached to the dorsal margin is usually one anther, ercct 268 CXX, ORCHIDE^. incumbent on or adnate to the apex of tlie column or to the back of the stig-ma, with 2 cells on its inner face or almost marginal. In the genus Cypripedinm which is not Australian, and in Apostasm, there are two lateral perfect anthers. Pollen either waxy gTanular or mealy, usually more or less distinctly collected into 1, 2, or 4 pairs of poUen-masses, either oblong- or tapering- to the upper end, free or attached by their narrow end, either directly or by a linear or filiform caudicle, to a g-land on the rostellum or apex of the stig-ma, or sessile on that apex without a g'land. In front of the column either at or near its apex or lower down is a concave or rarely convex viscid stig-ma, the upper margin often produced into an erect appendag-e called the rustiilum sonietimes very short, sometimes as long- as or k)nger than the anther • each side of the cohnnn towards the front shows a longitudinal angle, often expanded in the whole or part of its length into a wing-, sometimes conrinued behind the anther into a hood over it, or expanded into two auricles or appendag-es (sometimes described as staminodia) one on each side between the stig"ma and the anther, sometimes continued into a basal projpction of the column or even continuous with raised lines on the labelkim, or in Thelymitra the two wing-s shortly joined in front of the cohimn, or in Apostasia, the style normally cylindrical with a terminal stigma. Ovary inferior, 1-celled orwith 8parietal placentffi, orin Apostasia perfectly 3-ceIled with innuraerable ovules. Fruit capsular, opening- in 3 valves or long-itudinal slits, or very rarely succulent and indehiscent. Seeds minute, fusiform or rarely wing-ed, resembling- fine sawdust. Embryo a solid, apparently homog-eneous body. — Herbs usually peren- nial, either terrestrialwith. underground rhizomes creeping- or producing- annually renewed tubers or thick clustered fibres, or epiphytical with creeping- rhizomes and (often fieshy) fibrous roots adhering- to the sur- face of rocks or trunks or branches of trees. Leaves either alterniite and sheathing- at the base and sometimes distichous, on fiowering stems which when epiphytical are sometimes thickened into pseudo-bulbs, or in radical tufts at the base of the flowering- stems or in tufts or on pseudo- bulbs distinct from the flowering- ones, entire or very rarely lobed (see Acianthus). Flowering- stems scapes or peduncles annually renewed, either proceeding- directly from the rhizomes or axillary on perennial leafy stems or pseudo-bulbs, bearing usually one or more scarious or membranous sheathing" scales, either without any leaves, or when leafy 1 or 2 sheathing- scales below the leaves and often 1 or more above them. Flowers either solitarv and terminal or 2 or more in a terminal raceme or spike, either simple or branching' into a panicle, each flower sessile or more frequently pedicellate within a bract, but without brac- teoles on the pedicel. The Order is one of the niost natural and sharply defined, as well as the most nume- rous amongst Monocotvledons atter Gramiuejie, aud abuudaiitly distribiited over the whole globe, rare onlj iu some liigh Alpiue or extreme Arctic and Autarctic regions. The 48 /.ustrahau genera may be geographically divided iuto two groups. 28 geuera, comprising one-third of the total number of species, incliiding the whole of the tribea Malaxidere, Vandefe, Bletidea;, ArethusefE, the tirst group of Neottideae. aud the Ophrydete beioug to the tropical Asiatic Floia, represented iu Australia by eudeuiic or frequently by identical species. These are all tropical or eastern, some extending dowu CXX. ORCHIDE^. 269 to TaTnania, but none found in West Australia ; five of tliese genera are also in New Zealand The reniainiiig 20 genera, comprising two-thirds of the species, are essentially Australian, belonging to tiire ■ Australian groups of Neottidofc; four of these genera are however represented b_v single or very few s[)ccies in the Indian Archipelago, and cleven have New Zealand congcners, sonietimes idcntical in species. In the elaboration of the genera and otlier groups endemic in or represented in Aus- tralia, 1 liave had little to do but to follow in the footsteps of Brown and Lindley, to tlie wliole of whose tvpical spcciuiens I liave iiad frce access, and in the identification of species I have beeu matcrialiy assisted by tlie verbal conminnicatioiis as well as by the publislied hibours (especiaily the Beitriige above quoted) of the yonnger lieiclien- bach, as well as by the adniirabie illustrations of Hool\er's Fiora Tasmauica. In this case, however, as in tlie rest of tlie prenent work, I liave made it a rule to worlc out the descriptions of genera as well as of species, in the first instance, from the specimens themselves whercver tlicy admitted of examination, and aft(Twards to checli them by those of tlie great autliorities on the Order. I have thus had no alterations of any note to propose in tlie circumscription of geueric or subgeneric groups, which in Australia are very fairly defined, but I have had sometimes to clioose between the difiierent views of Lindley aud of Reichenbach as to the grade to be assigned to these groups, always 80 mucli a matter of individual opinion. As to species, I have had for e.xamination, e.speciaily in the very ricli herbarium placed at my disposal bv F. Muelier, a far greater mass of exceiient materials tliau any of my predecessors, showing for instance how great is the range of variatiou exhibited in the precise forni, marliings, aud processes of the labellum in mauy of the commoner terrestrial Australian Orchids, as in the Me- diterranean Ophrydes. I have therefore felt obliged very much to reduce the number of publislied species of Thehjmitra, Dmrit, PrasopJiyllum, Microtis, and Caladenia. I niust however admit that tlie circumscription of several of these species is still far irom satisfactory ; the forms can often scarcely be ascertained accurately from dried specimens, and colours very rarely. It is to be hoped, therefore, that the revision of these and some other genera will be taken up by resident botanists who have an op- portunity of studying them in a fresh state. Tribe. 1 Malaxideae. — Anther lid-like, incumbent, usually deciduous. Pollen- masses waxy, 2, 4, or rarely 8, without cuudicles or gland. Epijjhytes or rarely terres- trial icith a creeping rhizome. Anther-cells longitudinal. Lateral sepals not dilated at the base. Labellum embraciug or aduate to the column at the base. Coiunin elongated. Leaves at or near the base of the stem. Flowers very small 1. Liparis. Columu very short. Leaves distichous. Flowers minute . . 2. Oberonia. Anther-cells lougitudinal. Lateral sepals dilated at the base and forming with the basal projection of the column a pouch or spur. Polien-masses 2, or 4 in pairs. Labellum with a broad erect base usually expanded into lateral lobes. Stems or pseudobulbs bearing both leaves and peduncles (except the sect. Bhizobium) .... 3. Dendrobium. Labellum distinctly unguiculate, not lobed. Leaves (on pseudobulbs) and peduncles from distinct nodes of the rhizome 4. Bolbophyllum. Pollen-masses 8, flowers minute 5. Phreatia. Anther-cells nearly transverse. Leaf long. Raceme on a long recurved peduncle 6. Pholidota. (The pollen-masses are almost waxy without caudicles in one species of Galeola.) Tribe 2. Vandese. — Anther lidlike, incumbent, usually deciduous. Pollen- masses waxy, 4 in pairs, on a single or double caudicle attached to a gland. Epi- phytes or terrestrial unth ereeping rhizomes. Epiphytes. Caudicle single. Sepals and petals united to the middle. Very small plants with miuute flowers 7. T^niophyllum. 2/0 CXX. ORCHIDE^, Sepals and petals free. Labellum witli a fleshy protuberance undemeath betweeu or bcyond the lateral lobes 8. Sarcochilds. Labellum with a hollow spur or pouch near the base. LabelUim 3-lobed, the spur with a reflexed or horizontal scale inside 9. Cleisostoma. Labellum 3-lobed, the spur without any internal scale. Flowers large 10. Vanda. Labellum undivided, the spur without any internal scale. Lateral sepals dilated at the base 11. Saccolabidm. TeiTestrial with short creeping rhizomes. Caudicle single. Sepals and petals erect. Labellnm scarcely saccate at the base, tbe disk with longitudinai raised lines 12. Geodorum. Sepals aiid petals spreading. Labellum with a short pouch or spur at the base, marked with cristate or bearded veins . . 13. Eulophia. Terrestrial with short creeping rhizomes. Caudicle bipartite. Labellum gibbous and adnate to the column at its base . . 14. Dipodium. Tribe 3. Bletidese. — Anther lid-like, incumbent, vsunlh/ deciduous. PoUen- masxes icaxy, 4 or 8, tapering at the base, separately attached and sessile on short caudicles, or on a short dichotomous caudicle. Terreisule nearly 1 line. — Malaons palmicola, F. Muell. Frag-m. vii. 30. Queensland. r>risbanc rivcr, KelJcmay ; Rockhampton? Dallncliy. N. S. 'Wales. On (lie trnnks of 1'alms, Hastings river, Beclcler; Clarence rivcr, C. Aloorc ; liuUingcr nmgc, Fitzycrald. 3. DENDROBIUM, Swartz. Sepals nearly equal in longth, the lateral ones very obliquely dilated at tho hase and connate with a projoction from the hase of the column into a pouch or spur. Potals usually nearly the length of the upper sepal or rather long-or. LahoUum articulate at the end of or (in species not Australiau) shortly connate with the basal projection of the column, concave at tlie hase, with the margins gTadually expanded into 2 lateral lo])es usually embracing' the top of the column, and a central terminal lobe usually spreading- or recurvod, or the lateral and terminal lobes conHuent in an entire concave or spreading- lamina, the disk usually bearing- longitudinal raised jalaits. Column not very long", wing"ed or toothed at the top. Anther terminal, lid-like. Pollen masses 4, in collateral pairs, usually equal and froe or slig-htly coherent. — Rhizome tufted or creeping- on trees or rocks ; stems elong-ated and branching' or simjile and thick, sometimes reduced to short pseudobulbs, and usually bearing hotli leaves and racemes or 1-llowered peduncles. Flowers often rather larg-e and showy, rarely very small. A large genus ranging over the warmer regions of both the New and the Old Workl, one species found as far south as New Zeahind. Of the 24 Austrahan species one only has bet-n identified with certainty with an exotic species, tho D. hi^pidum of Vanikoro, in the South Pacific, although another from the same island, of wliich the flower is un- known, has heen conjectured to be the same as the Australian Z>. striolatum ; the re- maining 22 appear to be strictly endemic. Sect. 1. Dendrocoryne. — Stcms simple, clongated or sJiort, hearing 2 or morefat or channcllcd leuvcs at or towards the end. liacemes 1 to 3, apparenthj terminal or nearly so, or only in the uppermost axils. {iStems more leafy with short axillary racemes in D. agrostophyllum a7id D. Smilliae.) Petals obovate, broader than thc sepals. Eacemes few- flowered, on long peduucles. Flowers pink or lilac. Basal pouch of thc flower with a prominent spur underneath, forming a double spur. Petals f in. broad. Labelhim middle-lobe very broad and obtuse 1. D. higihhum. Petals .( in. broad. Labellum middle-lobe oblong-lanceo- late, acute or mucrouate 2. D. dicnphum. Basal pouch scarccly gibbous on the lower side .... 3. Z). ISumneri. 276 cxx. ORCHiDEiE. [DendroMum. Petals narrower or not broader than the sepals. Flowers white, yellow, brown-red, or spotted with red. Leaves flat. Large species. Pvacemes ahove 6 in. and often above 1 ft. long, with numerous rather large flowers. Petals and sepals obtuse, very much undulate aud spread- ing. Leaves broad. Bracts J to ^ in. long 4. D. yndiilatiim. Leaves narrow. Bracts minute . 5. D. Johannis. Petals and sepals lanceolate, acute, not undulate and almost connivent 6. i*. speciosum. Leaves flat. Eacemes under 6 in., with a slender rhachis. Stems usually attenuate towards the base. Sepals and petals with long slender points, 3 or 4 times as long as the labenum. Stems prominently 4-angled 1. D. tetragonvm. Stems terete, many-angled 8. D. ceniulum. Stems not much or not at all attenuate at the base. Sepals and petals lanceolate not above ^ longer than the labellum. Central lube of the labellum broad, almost reniform. Flowers reddish purple. Spur conical, straight . . 9. D. Kingianvm. Flowers yellow. Spur short, broad and incurved . 10. D. gracUicaule. Central lobe of the labelium linear-lanceolate. Spur rather long nearly straight 11. D. Moorei. Stems ralher slender, leafy, with short axillary racemes. Sepals and petals broad, about as long as the labellum 12. D. agrostophyllum. Leaves flat. Stems long and thick. Piacemes several, short and dense. Spur very obtuse, lunger than the lanceolate sepals and petals . 13. D. Smillioe. Leaves linear, channelled. Stems short. Eacemes long pedunculate. Sepals and petals linear-oblong or spathu- late 14. D, canaliculatum. Sect. 2. Monopliyllsea. — Stems tufted, short and thick, terminating in a single leafwith 1 to ZJioicers at its hase. Leaves flat, oblong or lanceolate. Ovary and fruit smooth 15. D. monophyUum. Ovary and fruit muricate 16. D. hispidum. Leaves very thick, ovoid-oblong, with tuberculate ribs . . .17. D. cucumerinum. Sect 3. Rhizobium. — Bhizomes creeping, tvith scarious sheathing scales. Leaves solitary in the axils of the scales, either ses.sile on a hroad disk or on a very short tur- hinate protuberance. Racemes few-flowered, also froni the rhizome. Leaves flat, coriaceous, very acute. Sepals lanceolate, about 5 lines long without the spur 18. D. pugioniforme. Leaves very thick and fleshy, almost «cute. Sepals oblong- lanceolate, about 4 lines withoiit the pouch 19. -D. rigidum. Leaves very thick and fleshy, obtuse. Sepals linear or narrow linear-lanceolate, 7 to 10 lines long 20. Z>. linguiforme. Sect. 4. Stron^yle. — Stems hranched, usually rather slender. Leaves distant, terete. Bacemts [feic-jiowered) or peduncles lateral. Sepals and petals narrow, 1 in. long. Spur from ^ to near ^ as long. Labellum much shorter than the sepals, the middle lobe acuminate 21. D. teretifolium. Sepals and petals lanceolate, under | in. Spur short, very obtuse. Labellum nearly as long as the sepals, the middle lobe ovale-oblong 22. D, atriolatum. Dendrobhm.] cxx. ORCHiDEiE. 277 Sepals and pctals narrow, about 4 in. Spur about balf as long. Labellum as long as tbo sepals, the luiddle lobe acuiuinate . 23. Z>. Mortii. Sepals and pctals lanceolate, about J in. Spur about as long. Labellum ncarly as long as tbe sepals, tbc middle lobe sbort and bioadly reniform 24. D. Bowmanii. D. complanatnm, A. Cunn. in Lindl. Bot.Reg. IS.^^O, Misc. 34, from tbe ncigbbour- hood of tlie Biisbane river, is describcd as baving tbo flattencd stcms and distichous leaves of tbe section Aporum, Lindl., but as tbe flowers wcre never seen, and no spe- cimen of tbe foliage has been preserved for comparison, it will be impossible to idcntify tlio pbint. Tbe mention of tbe yelJDwish tinge of the foHagc might lead one Jo suppose that it niay luvve been thc Oberonia iridifolia. D. Fdlowsii, F. Muelh Fragm. vii. 63, is described from very insufficient materials — tbe summit of a stem, with the rhachis of a few racemes from wliich the tiowcrs are all falien away witb 2 loose lcnv.'s, wbicli wonhl all indicate tbe D. >Smill!ce. Dallachy saw- no plants in flower on tlic trces, but picked up a few yelk)w (lowers frou) the gvound whieli 1 cannot distimrnisii from thosG oi' D. gniciUcaulis. It is very doubtfui there- fore whetlier the D. Fellomii may not be a compound of these two species. D. minutissimum, F. MuelL Fragm. v. 95, frora a single locaHty near Botany Bay, is mentioned by name ouly, and I have seeu no specimens. Sect. 1. Dendrocoryne, Lindl. — Stems simple, elong-ated or short and sometimes thickened into oblong- pseudobiilbs, bearing- 2 or more Hat or chaunelled leaves at or near the end, the lower part with scarious tliin slieathing- scales which usually soon wear away, leaving- annular scars. Racemes 1 to 3, apparently terminal or nearly so (owing* to the arrest of the terminal shoot), or only in the upper axils. 1. D. bigibbum, Lindl. in Paxt. Fl. Gard. iii. 25, /. 245. Stems in the cultivated plant G to 8 in. long-, slig-htl}' contracted towards the base, bearing- in the upper part 3 or 4 lanceolate leaves of 3 or 4 in., and in tlie older plants swollen at the base in a short pseudobulb. Raceme apparently terminal on a peduncle of 6 to 8 in., with 3 to 10 larg-e Howers of a deep lihic on pedicels of | to 1 in. Sepals ovate or ovate-lanceohite, acute, 9 to 10 Hnes long- and about 5 hnes broad in our specimens, the hiteral ones produced with the basal projection of the cohimn into an obtuse pouch with a conical straig'ht or curved obtuse spur on the lower side forming" a double spur as in D. iicnplmm. Petals broadly obovate almost orbicuLar, fuily | in. broad. Labellum rather shorter than the sepals, with the hirg-e lateral lobes forming- the very broad base of D. bicuphum, but the middle lobe at least as broad as long-, very obtuse or retuse and not so long- as the broad base, the disk with 3 to 5 raised longitudinal lines friug-ed or crested from the middlo upwards. — Bot. Mag-. t. 4898. Queensland. Mount Adolpbus, Torres Straits, Thomson. — Only known from spe- cimens cultivated by Loddiges. 2. D. dicuphum, F. Muell. Fragm. viii. 28. Stems strongly ridged and furrowed, sometimes 3 to 4 in long-, rather thick, ecpuil or scarcely contracted towards tliebase, sometimesshortencd into a conical pseudobulb. Leaves few on the upper part of the stem, lanceolate or 278 cxx. ORCHIDE^. [Bendrobiim. linear-lanceolate, 3 to 6 in. long. Raceme erect, on an apparently terminal peduncle of 6 in. to 1 ft., with 3 or 4 {probably ])ink or purple) flovvers, on pedicels of about ^ in. Sepals lanceolate, acutely acuminate, 7 to 8 lines long, the lateral ones forming at the base, with the basal projection of the cohimn, a pouch as in other Dendrobia, but also emitting- from the under side an obtuse hollow spur 1 to li- Hnes long-, forming- a distinctly double spur to the flower. Petals obovate, acute, rather longer and broader than the sepals, but not above 3 lines broad in our specimens. Labellum nearly as long- as the sepals, attached at the junction of the 2 lobes of the spur, scarcely clawed but mobile, the broad hiteral lobes forming a truncate base nearly 5 lines broad, the middle kjbe oblong--lanceohite, acute or mucronate and not 2 lines broad ; the disk with 3 raised longitudinal lines or plates more or less fringed or crested and extending some way along the middle lobe, and occasionally 1 or 2 shorter additional fringed lines. W. Australia. Liveipool river, Gulliver; and probably the samc, but our specimen without ilowers, Port Darwiu, Sclmltz, n. 412. 3. D. Sumneri, F. Mudl. Fmfjm. vi. 94. Stems elongated (22 in. in the imperfect specimen), not deeply furrowed. Leaves (detached) lanceolate, 3 to 4 in. long. Raceme with its long- peduncle about 8 in. long", the rhachis flexuose, with few distant pink flowers, on pedicels of 3 to 4 lines. Sepals ovate-lanceolate, acute, nearly \ in. long, the spur not half so long-, broadly conicai, slightly gibbous near the base on the upper side, but not forming the double spur of J). higihhum. Petals as long as the sepals, broacUy obovate. Labellum shorter tlian the sepals, the claw very much dilated from the base and expanded into broadly obovate lateral lobes, the middle lobe rather smaller, at least as broad as long, the disk with slightly raised lines fringed with raised processes between the lateral lobes and extending' very shortly on the middle lobe. Queensland. Near Cape York, Jardine; a very imperfect specimen in Herb. F. Mueller. 4. D. undulatum, i?. Br. Prod. 332. A stout species growing in large tufts and attaining with the racemes several ft., the stems otten swollen in the middle. Leaves bifarious, ovate or elliptical, obtuse or emarginate, 2 to 4 in. long-, flat but thick and somewhat undulate or the margins recurved. Racemes from tlie upper part of the stem often above 1 ft. long, the flowers numerous, rather large, on pedicels often exceeding 1 in. Bracts lanceolate or linear-lanceolate. Sepals and petals nearly similar, speading, linear-oblong', obtuse, very much undulate, of a dingy brown usually bordered with yellow, about 1 in. long, the sliort broad basal pouch ending in a short curved or straight obtuse spur. Labellum shorter than the sepals, thelateral lobes large, erect, nearly flat, the middle lobe small, broadly lanceolate or oblong-, recurved and undulate ; the disk with 5 raised lines or plates of a light violet colour, of which 2 more prominent especially near the base and sometimes 7 immediately below the middle lobe. Column short. — DcndroMum.] CXX. ORCHIDEJE. 279 Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. S7 ; Reichb. f. in Walj). Ann. vi. 298, Beitr. 4? ; F. Muell. Frugm. i. 87; D. discolor, Lindl. Bot. Keg-. 1841, t. 52. Queensland. Endcavour river, and raany other placcs alonff tlie coast, Banks and Solander, li. Brown, A. ('iinningham ; Port Curtis, M^GdUvraij; Curtis island, Thozct ; Kockingham hay, J)-ular base of ^ iu. suddenly contracted into a linear almost filiform point of 1 to nearly IJ in. the basal spur ascendinj!', tliick and verv obtuse, 2|- lines long-. Petals much shorter than the sepals, linear-filiform with a slightly dihited knceolate base. Labellum nearly ^ in. long", pale yellow streaked with narrow bands of crimson, the hiteral lobes broad and prominent, the middle one larger, ahnost rhomboidal, shortly and acutely acuminate. Disk with 3 raised hnes or narrow phites scarceiy unduhite, the central one more raised and alone continued on the base of the niiddle lobe.— LindL Bot. Reg-. 1841, Misc. 2; Bot. Mag-. t. 5956; F. MuelL Fragm. i. 87. Queensland. Dry shaclecl woods, Morelon bay, A. Cunnwghain; Islands of Moreton bay, F.Mueller; liockhamjjton, Bowman, O^iShanesij; Rockingham bay, iMdlachy. N. S. '^Vales. Hastings, Macleay, an4 Clarence rivers, Beckler ; Tweed river, Gidlfoyle. 8. D. semulum, li. Br. Prod. 333. Stems terete, rather thick, some- times tapering- into a long- thin base with a small pseudobulb as in D. tctragonum. Leaves 2 or 3 near the summit, ovate or oblong-. Raeemes 1 to 3 at the end between the leaves, 2 or 3 in. long-, the rhaohis slender, the bracts small and lanceolate. Flowers rarely above 6 in the raceme, on slender pedicels of h in. or less. Sepals narrow lanceolate, almost hnear, often nearly 1 in. long', striate, the basal pouch or spur short and broad, turned upwards. Petals narrow-linear, as long- as the sepals. Laltellum scarcely above \ in. long-, contracted into a chiw at the base, the lateral lobes broad short and acute, the middle lobe recurved, ovate, much undulate, with a small acute point ; the disk with 3 raised hnes or phites between the lateral lobes merging' into a sing-Ie broad much unduhate one extending to the end of the niiddle lobe. — Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 8? ; lieichb. f. Beitr. 49 j F. Muell. Fragm. i. 213 j Bot. Mag-. t. 2906. Queensland. Brisbane river, Bailey. KT. S. 'Wales. Port Jackson, B. Brown ; Blue Mountains, Miss Atkinson, Vicary ; Nevv England, C. IStuart ; Hasiings river, Beckler ; Eichmond river, Hen- derson; Tweed river, Guilfoyle. The figure above quoted from the Botanical Magazine represents the stems thicker and shorter, and the sepals and petals shorter and broader than they are iu the wild specimens. 9. D. Kingianum, Bidw. in Lvull. Bot. Reg. 1844, Misc. 11, 1845, t. 61. Stems usually 3 to 6 in. high, striate with prominent ang-les, thickened at the base. Leaves at the summit of the stem 3 to 5, hinceolate or oblong-lanceolate, acute, 3 to 4 in. long-. liacemes within or above the leaves 1 to 3, longer than the leaves. Flowers of a reddish purple, on pedicels of { to -|- in. Bracts very small. Sepals broadly lanceolate, the lower ones much falcate, 4 lines long- in some specimens, fully 5 in others. Petals about as long-, but narrower. Spur conical, slightly in- curved, about 3 lines long-. Labellum not much shorter tiian the sepals, notundulate,the latcral lobes vei-y prominent, almost oblong-, obtuse, the Bendrohiiim.] CXX. ORClllUEiE. 281 luiddle lobe scarcely long-er, but very broiid, almost rcniform, tlie disk witli 3 raised lines or plates extending to the base of the niiddle lube, but uot beyond. — Bot. Mag-. t. 4527 ; F. Muell. Frayra. iii. 00. Queensland. Moroton liiiy ? Bidwill. N. S. Wales. Oii rocks and trecs, Uiron, Leichhardt; New EnglanJ, C. Stuart. 10. D. gracilicaule, F. Mitdl. Frafim. i. 170. Closely resembles D. Kiiifjiiniinii in luibit, foliiig-e and all essential characters. Leaves ratlier niore riyid and l)roader than in that specios, racemes shorter, and tlie Howers (sometimes but not always rafher siualler) of a dinf;-y yellow spotted with red, the spur or pouch sluirter, broader aud more curved. — D. eloii/jatiim, A. Cunn. in Bot. Reg-. 1839, Misc. 33 ; Lindl. l.c. 1841, 21, but not of Lindl. Gen. et Sp. Orch. 77; D. brisbanense, lieichb. f. in Walp. Ann. vi. 299. Queensland. Moretoii bay, F. MncUer. N. S. Wales. Macleay aml Clareuce rivers, Beclder ; LorJ Howe's island, C. Mo ire, and others. 11. D. Moorei, F. Mnell. Fragm. vii. 29. Closely reseml)les D. Xinf/ianiiin and D. f/racilicaide, and scarcely to be distingaiished from them without the Howers, which are very different. Stems 3 to 8 in. hig-h, strougly marked with prominent angies and furrows, sometimes equally thick throughout, sometinies attenuate or thickened at the base. Leaves 2 to 4 in. long*. Racemes usually exceeding" the leaves, 1 or 2 at the end of the stem. Bracts lanceolate or subulate, 1 to 4 lines long'. Pedicels ^ to |^ in. Sepals linear-lanceolate, var^ang- in ditferent specimens from 5 to 7 lines, besides the spur which is straig'ht or sligiitly curved and 3 to 4 lines long-. Petals as long* as the sepals but narrcwer at the base. Labellum attached lo the end of the basal pro- jection of the column, with a narrow claw as long- as the spur, expanded below the apex of the very short colunm into 2 short lateral lobes, the middle lobe linear-lanceolete, complicate, not undulate, at least | as long- as the sepals ; disk with sligiitly raised lines only between the short lateral lobes. N. S. Wales. Trees and rocks, Lord Howe's island, C. Moore, Eclipse Ex^e- dition. 12. D. agrostophyllum, F. Miiell. Frarjm. viii. 28. Stems about 1 ft. hig-h, rather slender, leaty from the micldle upwards. Leaves lan- ceolate, rather thin, 2 to 3in. long-. Racemes axillary and distant, the rhacliis not 1 in. long-. Plowers yellow, on pedicels of about \ in. Sepals broadly lanceolate or the dorsal one oblong", about 4 lines long". Petals obovate-oblong-, as long- as the sepals. Labellum sessile, nearly 5 lines long- and broad and almost square, the lateral lobes obliquely rhomboidal, separated by a narrow sinus from the terminal one, which is more than twice as broad as long- ; the disk with a raised ])late or callus alung- the centre below the middle. Queensland. Rockingbam bay, Dallachy. 282 cxx. ORCHIDE^. [Dendrdbium. 13. D. Smilliae, F. Miirll. Frarjm. vi. 94. Stems 1 to 2 ft. long-, thick, very proininently ang-led and furrowed, some of the specimens marked only with the annuhir scars of the scarious sheathing- scales, others with the short persistent sheaths of fallen leaves. Leaves ohlong- or hmceo- h^te, 2 to 4 in. long'. Eacemes from the uppormost nodes 2 to 3 in. long-, the Howers " crirason tipped with gieen," crowded ahnost from the hase on pedicels of 3 to G lines. Bracts very smali. Sepals ovate-lanceo- late, not 3 lines long- without the spur, which is 4 or 5 lines lonj^, straight, somewhat dihited towards the end and very obtuse. Petals rather smaller than the sepals. Lahellum with a lon^ broad claw, ex- panded at the apex into a concave complicate ahnost hood-shaped lamina, shorter tlian the sepals, broader than long-, entire or broadly and shortly 2-lobed. Pollen-masses of the g-enus, closely cohering- in pairs. Queensland. Rockingliam bay, Dallachy. — The species is evidently closely allied to the D. virkllroseum, Eeichb. f., described from garden specimens said to have been brought from Java, which, however, has more acute sepals aud a somewhat diffe- rently shaped Labellum. 14. D. canaliculatum, li. Br. Prod. 333. Stems or pseudobulbs usually rather thick and not above 1 to 2 in. high. Leaves at the sum- mit 2 to 6, hnear, thick, ahnost semicylindrical but grooved on the upper side, 4 to 8 in. long-, often 3 lines hroad at the base but taperin^ to the end. Racemes in the upper axils often a foot long- including* the peduncle, but flowering- only in the upper portion, the rhachis slender, the sheathing- scales of the peduncle small, the bracts still smaller. Pedicels slender, |^ to | in. long-. Sepals and petals Hnear, white tipped with j^ellow, the sepals 5 or C Hnes long-, the hiteral ones slig-litly falcate and produced at the base with the basal projection of the cohnnn into a conical spur, Petals rather long-er than the sepals and contracted at the base. Labellum about | the leng-th of the sepals, with 3 lobes of a rich mauve colour, the hiteral ones prominent and obtuse, the middle one nearly orbicular or rather broader than long-, with a short point, the disk with 3 prominently raised lines or phites, much unduhite between the lateral lobes and ending- on the middle lobe in richly coloured nearly orbicular laminai. — LindL Gen. and Sp. Orch. 91 ; Reichb. F. Beitr. 49; F. Muell Frag-m. iii. 126; D. Tattonianum, Batem. in Gard. Chron. 1865, 890 ; Bot. Ma^. t. 5537. Queensland. Endeavour river, Banlcs and Solander; Eockingham bay, Dallachy. " Flowers fragrant." — There are no specimens preserved of Banks and Sohinder's plant, biit from the drawing in the British iVIuseum there is no doubt of its ideutity with D. Tattunianitm, although the colour of the flowers is rather duller. Sect. 2. MoNOPHYLL^A. — Stems usually mimerous, short and thick, terminating" in a sing-le leaf, with 1 to 3 flowers also at the apex of the stem at the base of the leaf. 15. D. monophyllum, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 189, Stems from a creeping- rhizome numerous, erect, thick, narrow-conical, 1 to 2 in. long, wiih very prominent ribs and furrows, at least when dry. Leaf Driulrohium.] rxx. onriiiDK^. 288 apparently terminal, oblonf;- or lanceolate, flat, 2 to 3 in. lon<^. Raceme also solitary and apparently terminal, about as long- as the leaf, witli *2 or 3 " yeliow" llowers on peilicels of 3 or 4 lines. Bracts minute. Sepals broadly lanceolnte, acute, about 3 lines long:, besides the brotid obtuse spur about 2 lines long- and sH<;htly curved upwards. Petals as long- as the sepals but narrower especially at the base. Labellum " deep vellow," nearly as long as the sepals, the lateral lobes small, the middle one broadly triang-ular or almost rhoml)oidal and obtuse ; the disk without raised lines below the lobes, but 1 or 3 raised calli between the lateral lobes, sometimes produced into short undulating- raisod lines or ])hites on the middle lobe. — D. tortih', A. Cunn. in Lindl. Bot. Keg-. 1830, Misc. 33, name only, not D. turtile Lindl. from Moulmein. Queensland. On the iippcr Lranclies of lofty treea, Erisbane river, Morcton bay, A. Citnningham, W. IliU ; iJlasshouse Mountains, Bcytrlpy. N. S. 'Wales. Kichiuond and Ckirence rivers, Beclder. 16. D. hispidum, A. Uich. Scrt. Astrol. 13, t. 5. A dwarf plant forming- dense tufts. Stenis usually from under 1 in. to nearly 2 in. high, not thickened at the base, formed of only 2 or 3 internodes with niembranous scarious sheaths. Leaf aj^parently terminal, oblong or lanceolate, jirominently keeled underneath, 1 to 2 in. long. Pedicels at the base of the leaf 1 or 2, slender, 1 to 2 lines long. Ovary densely muricate with bristly processes. Sepals ovate, obtuse, about 1|- lines long- besides the spur which is about as long- as the free part, the dorsal sepal rather narrower. Petals linear, as loug- as the sepals. Labellum as long- as the sepals, the lateral lobes rather broad, the middle lobe at least as broad as long, with raised wrinkles on its surface but no raised liues on the disk between the lateral lobes. Capsule echinate, ovoid or globular, about 3 lines diameter. — F. Muell. Fragm. vii. 30. Queensland. On trees, Rockingham bay, Dallachy. — Our specimens are in fruit only, but a somewhat withered flower in Hcrb. F. Mueller shows precisely the striicture figured by A. Eichard, from thc origlnal specimens gathered in the island of Vanikoro. 17. D. cucumerinum, Lindl. Bot. Reg. 1842, Misc. 58 ; 1843, t. 37. A dwarf species like the two preceding-, the tufted stems not exceeding- 1 in., with prominent ribs and furrows and annular scars of the sheath- ing- scales. Leaf terminal, ovoid-oblong, lleshy and about as thick as the stem, above 1 in. long, marked with longitudinal raised tuberculate ribs and assuming the aspect of a little cucumber. Pedicels 1 to 3 at the base of the leaf and rather shorter. Sepals and petals yellowish- white, streaked with a reddish-yellow, about -1 in. long. Spur short and conical. Labellum shorter than the sepals, the lateral lobes promi- nent, almost acute, the middle lobe ovate, shortly acuminate, recurved, with undulate-crisped margins ; the disk with o or 5 longitudinal raised lines or plates, even between the lateral lobes, much undulate on the middle lobe. — Bot. Mag-. t. 4019 ; F. Muell. Fragm. iii. 59. N. S. ^JTales. On Casuarina trees near Brownlow hill, Camdcn, Woolls, accord- ing to a memorandum received from F. Mueller. — I have seen no specimen ; the above characteris taken from Liiidley's figure and descriptious. 284 cxx. ORCHiDE^:. [Dendrobium. Sect. 8. Rhizobium, Lindl. — Stems or rliizomes creeping", with scarious sheathing- scales. Leaves solitary in the axils of the scales, either sessile on a broad disk or on a very short turbinate protuberance (a rudimentary stem or pseudobulb). Racernes few-llowered, also from the rliizome. 18. D. pugioniforme, A. Cunn. in Lhidl Bot. Beri. 1839, Misc. 83. Stems orrhizomes rather slender, much-branched, creeping- and rooting- at the nodes and covered when young- by the scarious sheathing- scales. Leaves articulate on a very short turbinate protuberance in the axils of the scales, ovate or ovate-lanceohite, tapering- into a rigid point, Hat but thick and rigid when dry, with the veins scarcely visible, | to nearly 2 in. h)ng'. Racemes probably short and few-flowered from the remains of the rhachis, for the fiowers only seen detached in Cunning-- ham's specimens. Sepals lanceolate, about 5 lines long- without the spur, which is straig'ht, obtuse, about 3 lines long-. Petals linear, as long- as the sepals. Labellum nearly as long- as the sepals, rather nar- row to above the middle, then expanded into a broadly ovate-triang-ular acute recurved hxmina, very much unduhite but scarcely 3-h)bed ; the disk with 3 raised lines or plates, even on the claw, much undulate on the lamina. — D. ■immjmtifolium^ F. Muell. Frag-m. i. 189. Queensland. Brisbane river, Mon^ton bay, F. Mueller ; Mount Lindsay, W. Hill. N. S. 'Wales. Bliie Moiintains, Woolls, Miss Atldnson ; Hastings river, i?ecZ;fcr; New England, C. iSluart ; southward to lliawarra, A. Cunningham, Shepherd. 19. D. rigidum, i?. Br. Prod. 333. Stems or rhizomes shortly creeping-, the young- shoots covered by the membranous scarious sheath- ing- scales. Leaves apparently closely sessile on a broad base as in D. linfjuiforme, and simihirly very thick flesliy and nerveless, mostly 1 to 1-^- in. long-, oblong- and ahiiost acute but not nearly so much so as in D. pu(]ioniform.e. Raceme aboutas long- as the leaves, the one flg-ured bearing- 3 flowers about 5 hnes long- including- the broad obtuse pouch. Sepals " g-reenish white ting-ed with red, the dorsal one broadl}'- hmceolate, the hiteral ones very broad below the middle ; petals as long- as the sepals apparently narrow-oblong-, " buft-coloured edged with red." Labellum as long- as the sepuls, the precise form not known. — LindL Gen. and Sp. Orch. 85. Queensland. Endeavour river, Banlcs and fiolander. — Only known from a drawino^ in the l^Sriti.sli Museuin, the original sketch, evidently taken at the time, accompauied by pencil notcs iu Sohvndcr's handwriting. 20. D. linguiforme, Swartz in K. Akad. Stochh. N. Ilandl. 1800, 247. Stems or rhizomes closely creeping- and rooting- at the nodes, rather thick and fleshy, the membranous scarious sheathing- scales completely covering- the young; shoots. Leaves articuhite on broad circuhir scars or scarcely raised disks at the axils of the sheaths, ovate or obhjng-, mostly under 1 in. long;, but very thick and fleshy. Racemes from tlie rhizomes 2 or 3 in. long-, with a slender rhachis, bearing- from 6 or even fewer to above 20 flowers on filiform pedicels of 3 to 6 lines. Bracts Dcndrubiiim.] cxx. oucillDEiE. 285 minute and scale-like. Sepals narrow linear-lanceolate, 7 to 10 lines long-, tlie poucli or spur sliort broad and turned upvvards. Petals narrow-linear, about tbe leny-tb of tbe sepals. Labelhim under 3 lines long-, mucb contracted at tbe base, tbe biteral b)bes ratber broad pro- minent and obtuse, tlie midiUe lobe long-er, narruw-ovate, o1)tuse, tbe disk witb 8 verv prominent raised Hnes or pbitos, even between tbe biteral lobes, all tbree j)roduced and mucb unibdate on tbe middle lobe. — Sm. Exot. Bot. i. 19 t. 11 ; R. Br. Prod. 888; LindL Gen. and Sp. Orcb. 85 ; Reicbb. f. Beitr. 51. Queensland. Mnuntains iiear Brisbane, Z)o7Z«cA?/; Moreton bay, W. liill. N. S. Wales. Port .lackson to the Blue Mountains, Gilei/ and many othcrs; Hastings river, i)Vc/i7t'r; Clarcnce river, Wilcox; D\iv\a.\, Leicliliardt ; New England, C iStuart; Port Macqiiarrie, Tozer. Sect. 4. Strongyle, Lindl. — Stems elong-ated, brancbed, usually ratber slender. Leaves distant, terete. Racemes few-Howered or l-Howered, peduncles lateral. 21. D. teretifolium, IL Br. Prod. 383. Stems chistered on a creeping- rbizome, elongated, terete, divaricately brancbed, Leaves fevy, terminating- tbe brancbes or cbisping- tbe stem, from 8 in. to 1 ft. long' in tbe typical form and 1 to 2 hnes tbick, straigbt or curved. Racemes biteral, often brancbed, very loose, witb few wbite ilowers on almost fihform peduncles of -l to 1 in. Sepals hnear-subulate, above 1 in. long", tbe lateral ones dilated at tbe base into a conical obtuse spur of 2 to 3 hnes. Petals hnear-fihform, as long- as or shg-btly long-er tban tbe sepals. Labehum about balf as long- as tbe sepals, bmceolate, canah- cubite, acuminate and recurved, tbe lateral lobes very small, tbe disk dotted witb red and bearing- 8 undulate raised hnes or plates. Column dotted witb red. — Lindb Gen. and Sp. Orcb. 91 ; F. Mueh. Frag-m. i. 89; Reicbb. f. Beitr. 51; EndL Iconog-r. t. 99; Bot. Mag-. t. 4711; D. culamiformc, Lodd. in LindL Bot. Reg". 184:1, Misc. 9. Queensland. Rockbampton, 0'Shanc.sy, Bovjman. N. S. 'Wales. Port Jackson, E. Brown; Hastings and Clarence rivers, Beckler, Wilcox ; Vovt Macquarrie, Backhouse; Richmond river, Henderson; New England, C. Stuart. D. Fairfaxii, F. Muell. in Sydney Mail, Sept. 21, 1872, 360, wlth a woodcut, from Mount Tomah, appears to be a slight variety ot' D. teretifolii/m with leaves 1 to 2 ft. long and some slight diSerences in the spotting and undulations of the labellum. The flowers are also described as more numerous but not so figured. 22. D. striolatum, Bcichb.f. in Hamb. Gartenz. 1867, 313, and Xen. Orchid. ii. 21-, 1. 109. Stems from a creeping- rbizome often elong-ated as in D. teretifulium, but tbe brancbes not so divaricale. Leaves terminal or distant, terete, straigbt or more frequently curved, liesby, 1 to 3 or even 4 in. long-. Peduncles usuaUy sohtary and 1-tlowered, rarely bearing- 2 flowers on pedicels of h, iii- Sepals and petals wbite witb 3 to 5 dark-coloured striie towards tbe base ; tbe sepals lanceolate, 8 to 9 lines long- including- tbe sbort basal poucb or spur of tbe lateral ones, tbe dorsal sepal ratber narrower and tbe petals still narrower. Label- 286 cxx. ORCHiDE^. [Dendrobium. lum rather sliorter than the sepals, dihited in the middle into 2 hroad lobes, the middle lohe ovate-ohlong-, recurved, the marg-ins unduhite- crisped, the disk with 3 unduhite long-itudinal raised lines or phites. Column white, the margin of the apex more or less 2- or 3-lobed. — D. tcretifolium, LindL "Bot. Reg". 1839, Misc. 32, not of R. Br. ; D. MiUipam, F. MuelL Frag-m. i. 88, t. 6 ; Hook. f. FL Tasm. ii. 373. N. S. Wales. Blue Mountains, Vicary, Misa Atkinson; Cape Howe, Walter. Victoria. Ilocks along the Genoa river, F. Mueller. Tasmania. On rocks Flinders island, Streletzky's Peak, &c., JJilUgan, Ricketts, Stonj. Some specimens from Hastings river and from Maryborough are referred to tliis species in Herb. F. Mueller, but having no flowers it cannot be determined whether they belong to this or to the following species. D. scJxeninum, Lindl. in Paxt. Fl. Gard. i. 134 (name only) is represented in Herb. Lindl. by a single flower which ap- pears to be a slight variety of D. striolatum, with the sepals somewhat acuminate. 23. D. Mortii, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 214 and ii. 93 (partly). Stems elongated and branched as in D teretifoliam hut much more slender. Leaves also more slender and somewhat 4-angled when dry, 2 to 6 in. long". Peduncles mostly 1-iiowered. Sepals narrow-lanceoLate, acu- minate, about \ in. long* besides the spur which is 2 to 3 Hnes long-. Petals much narrower. Laljelhim the length of the sepals, the lateral lohes broad, the middle lobe acuminate. Column short. N. S. Wales. Hastings river, Bechler; Macleay river, Fitzgerald ; New Eng- land, C. Stuart. D. Beclderi, F. Muell. Fragm. v. 95, and vii. 59, seems to me to be precisely the same as the plant originally described by him as D. Mortii, althoiigh the flowers described in Fragm. ii. 93 must have been from one of Bowman'8 Bersaker Range specimens, which appear to me to be specifically distinct. 24. D. Bowmanii, Benth. Stems elong-ated and branched, more slender than in D. teretifolium hut not so much so as in D. Mortii. Leaves terete, 2 to 4 in. long-. Flowers apparently white, g-enerally 2 together on a very short common peduncle, the slender pedicels not above 3 or 4 lines long. Sepals hmceohite as in D. striolatum, but the spur nearly as long' as the remainder of the sepal, each about 3 lines long-. Petals rather narrower. LabeUum nearly as long" as the sepals, the lateral lohes broad, the middle lobe broadly reniform, undulate crisped and shg-htly notched, the disk with longitudinal undulate raised Hnes or plates. — D. Mortii, F. MuelL Fragm. ii. 93, at least as to the ilowers, but not the original D. 3Iortii, F. MuelL Frag-m. i. 214. Queensland. On trees and rocks, Kodd's bay, A. Cunningham ; Bersaker Eange and Port Cooper, Bowman. 4. BOLBOPHYLLUM, Thou. Sepals erect, free, acuminate, nearly equal, the lateral ones obliquely dilated at the base and connate with the basal projection of the column into a poucii or short spur. Petais usually mucli smaiier than tlie sepais. Labeilum articulate at the end of the basal projection of the column, usually enture and contracted into a claw. Column very short, Bolbophi/llum.] cxx. onciiiDEiE. 287 produced below its insenion, the apex with 2 teeth or horns in front. Anther terminal, lid-like. Pollen masses 4, connate or cohering- in j)airs, withont any gland or can(Hcle. — Hor])s with a creeping- rhizome usually covered with thin scarious sheatliing- scales. Leaves solitary or 2 tog-other on small jiseudobulbs. Racemes on l-ttowered peduncles issuing-, like the pseudobulbs, from the axils of the sheathing- scales of the rhizome. The gcnus is sprcad over the tropical and snbtropical rcgions of thc OIJ Workl, one spccics ibund as lar south as New Zeahmd. The Australiau species appcar to be all endeujic. Pseudohulbs rcduccd to a sniall scarcely prominent disk. Leaves small, ovoid-globular, succulent. Pcduncles 1-flowered . . l. B. lichenastrum. Pseudobuibs oblong. Leavcs linear or lanceohite, succulent, without any midrib. Pedunclcs 1-flowercd. Leaves linear-ianceolate, 3 to 5 in. long. Peduncle 1 to 14 iu- long 2. j5. nematopodum. Leaves linear, VQry thick and fieshy, 1 to 2 in. long. Peduncle 2 to 4 lines long, with distaut bracts 3. -B. Shepherdi. Leaves oblong or lanceohite, l^ to 3 in. long. Peduncle scarceiy 2 lines long, with loosely overlapping bracts . . A.. B. aurantiacum. Pseudobulbs ovoid, very deeply wrinkled. Leaves oblong or lanceoiate, with a pioniinent midrib. Peduiicles with a raceme of several flowers. Peduncles fililbrm, 1 to 2 in. long. Sepals 2 to 2^ lines long, all equal 5. B. exiguum. Peduncles 3 to 6 in. long. Lateral sepals a in., the dorsal one much shorter 6. -B. Elisce. 1. B. lichenastrum, F. Muell. Fraf/m. vii. 00. Creeping rhizomes forming- very dense patches. Pseudobulbs reduced to a small scarcely prominent circular disk, surrounded by the long* fring-ed remains of the scarious sheath. Leaves thick, fleshy, ovoid or ahnost g-lobular, 2 to 3 lines diameter, irregularly rug-ose when dry. Flowers very small, " yellow," solitary on peduncles or scapes 2 to 3 lines long-, with 1 or 2 scarious sheaths at their base and apparently articulate below the ilower. Sepals ovate-lanceolate, about 1 line long-, besides the spur, which is broad, obtuse, l^- lines long-. Petals lanceolate, very much narrower, but not much shorter than the sepals. Labelhim from the end of the basal projection of the column, with a narrow channelled erect claw, the lamina rather thick, obovate-oblong", obtuse, recurved, nearly as long* as the sepals. Queensland. On rocks and stones, Seaview Eauge, Eockingham bay, Dallachy. 2. B. nematopodum, F. MueU. Fragm. viii. 30. Creeping- rhizomes apparently short and dense. Pseudobulbs closely imbricate, oblong-- conical, about \ in. long-. Leaves soHtary, Hnear-lanceolate, ilat but thick and succulent, 3 to 6 in. long, 3 to 5 lines broad, attenuate towards the base, without any prominent midrib. Flowers sent by the collector detached, on iiliform peduncles of 1 to li in. slig-htly thickened at the base, very narrow and acute. Flowers yellow, the sepals about 4 hnes long-, the dorsal one rather shorter than the lateral ones ; petals linear-subulate, about 1 line long-. Labellum scarcely \\ Hnes long-, 288 cxx. ORCHiDE^. [Bolbophyllum. abruptly contracted into a short claw, tlie lamina nearly hastate. Cohimn very short, with two narrow erect teeth. Queensland. Rockingham bay, Dallachy. 3. B. Shepherdi, F. Mucll. Frngm. iii. 40. Creeping- rhizomes not very intricate, hut extending- to a considerahle breadth, the scarious sheathing" scales very conspicuous. Pseudobulbs narrow, 2 to 3 lines long. Leaves solitary, linenr, very thick and lleshy, channelled above, convex underneath but not keeled, 1 to 2 in. long-. Peduncles 1-liowered, filiform, 2 to 4 lines long-, usually with 1 or 2 sheathing- scales at the base and 1 simihir bract distant from them under the Howers. Sepals about 2 lines long", the lateral ones with a broadly ovate base adnate to tlie projection of the column and ubruptly contracted upwards into a narrow point; dorsal sepal broadly lanceolate at the base and more gTadually tapering' into the point. Petals ovate-triang-ular, scarcely above \ line long-. Labellum shorter than the sepals, lanceolate, recurved, channelled above, contracted into a slender chdw. Column with 2 subulate teeth. — Dendrohium ShepJierdi, F. Muelh Frag"m. i. 190 ; B. Schillerimimn, Reichb, f. in Otto, Hamb. Gartenz. 1860, 423 referred by him to B. Shepherdi, in Xen. Orchid. ii. 166 and Beitr. 62. N. S. Wales, Blne Mountains, ilim ^s, the middle lobe broader than long-, the margin undulate and more or L\ssdistinctly 3-Iobed. Column about l^ lines lom;', the marg-ins wing-ed upwards. Ca]isule obovate, al)out ^"'in. long-.— Bot. Ileg-. t. 1213 j Wight Ic. t. 907 ; F. Muell. Frag-m. iv. 163. Queensland. Rockingham bay, DaUachy. — This species is common in E. India and the Archipidago, the Australian speciniens diflering slightly in the lather larger bracts. Dahachy describes the flowers as yellow. Tribe 2. VANDEiE. — Anther lid-Iike, incumbent, usually deci- duous. Pollen-masses waxy, 4 in pairs, on a single or double caudicle attached to a g'Iand. Epiphytes, or terrestrial with creeping rhizonies. 7. T^NIOPHYLLUM, Blume. Sepals and petals nearly equal, erect or connivent, connate at the base. Labellum adnate to the column at the base and produced into a short spur or pouch, entire (or shortly 2-Iobed ?). Column very short, erect, with 2 teeth in front. Anther terminal, lid-like. PoIIen-masses 4 in 2 pairs, with a short slender caudicle. Gland minute. — Ejnphy- tical herbs, almost stemless and lealless or with a tuft of linear leaves. Flowers minute, in small slender racemes. The genus has been found also iu Java and in Ceylon ; the Australian species is probably endemic. 1. T. Muelleri, Limll. Herb. Stems leafless, scarcely above ^ line long-, emitting" long" linear wavy roots, and 2 or 3 filiform scapes of about I in. Bracts minute. Flowers 2 or 3 on exceeding-ly short pedicels, and the wliole flower under 1 line long-. Sepals and petals united to about the middle, the petals rather narrower than the sepals. Labellum linear, as long; as the sepals, and in the only flower I could examine appeared to be shortly 2-Iobed at the end, with a minute tooth between the lobes, the basal poucb or spur obtuse, about \ line long-. — Sarcochilus Bailcf/i, F. Muell. Herb. Queensland. Ou trees near Brisbane, W. Hill, C. Prentice, Bailey. 8. SARCOCHILUS, Br. (Thrixspermum, Lour.; Gunnia, Lindl.) Sepals and petals nearly equal, free, spreading-, the lateral sepals often more or less dilated at the base and adnate to the basal projection of the column. Labellum articulate at the end of the basal projection of the column without any spur at its base, 3-Iobed, the lateral lobes rather larg-e, the terminal one (in the Australian species) very short and tooth-like or cushion-Iike, with a solid fleshy dorsal protube- u 2 292 cxx. ORCniDEiE. [Sarcochilus. rance at its hase sometimes elong-ated oljlong- or conical, sometimes very short; the disk between the hiteral lobes with prominent callosities. Column short, erect, produced at the base. Auther terminal, hd-Hke. Pollen-masses 4 in pairs on a somewhat llattened caudicle. — Epiphj- tical herbs. Stems short, either covered with the prominent persistent truncate bases of the leaves or lealless. Leaves llat and often talcate, or narrow-linear, or none. Racemes axillary. Bracts small. Capsules usually linear or narrov.r-oblong'. The genus is spread over East Iiulia and the Archipelago, with one New Zealand species, but tlie Australian ones appear to be all endemic. Reichenbach haying iden- tified Loureiro'8 T hrixspermum as a species of Snrcocliilus has adopted his generic nanie as the oldest, and as being sufficiently characterized. But the coniposition of the word is against ail rules, and the character given ^tiie fleshy niiddle lobe of thelabelUim longer than the iateral ones) will certainly not apply to tlie Australian species. We cannot therefore admit that this barbarous name of Thrixspermum should_ now be substituted for the universally received one of Sarcochilus, nor can we correct it accord- ing to the rules of etymoh)gy without interfering with Trlchospermum, Blume, in Tiliacece. Leaves oblong, lanceolate or falcate. Middie lobe of the labellum short and toothiiiie, glabrous. Lateral sepals adnate to the base only of the projection of the cohimn which represents a claw to the labidlura. Sepals and petals narrow-linear, subulate-acuminate, 1 to 1| in. ioiig 1- S. divitiflorus. Sepals and petals oblong, 6 to 7 lines long 2. S.falcatus. Lateral sepals adnate to the whole of the projection of the column. Sepais (5 to 6 lines) twice as long as the labellum. Sepals and petais oval-oblong Z. S. Fitzgeraldi. Sepals and petals linear-oblong A. S. ohvaceus. Sepais (about 5 lines) but little longer than the labellum 5. S. Jiarvijlorus. Leaves narrow-linear or none. Middle lobe of the labellum broad or cushionliiie and densely covered witli a white pubescence ( Chiloschista) . Leaves linear. Lateral sepals adnate to the wbole of the pro- jection of the column. Sepals nearly 3 lines long. Lateral lobes of the labellum much longer than the middle lobe and tbe dorsal protu- berance 6. S. Cecilice. Sepals about l^ lines. Lateral lobes of the labellum shorter than the broad middle lobe aud the spurlilie dorsal protu- berance 1. S. Hillii. No leaves. Lateral sepals (about 2 lines) adnate only to the ba.se of the projection of the column which represents a claw to the labellum 8. ^S^. phijllorhizus. 1. S. divitiflorus, F. Mtiell. Ilerh. Stems unknown. Leaves oblong-, 3 to 4 in. long- and nearly 1 in. broad, flat with prominent nerves. Scape or peduncle about (j in. long-, flowering' from below the middle, with a few empty sheathing- scales or bracts below the intio- rescence. Flowers much longer than in any other species, not very crowded, on short pedicels, the subtending- bracts ovate, 1 to 1|- lines long. Sepals and petals very narrow, tapering- into a flliform point, 1 to l^ in. long, a])parently pale yellow or white with dark blotches near the base, the lateral sepals narrow-lanceolate towards the base, but Sareochilus.] CXX, ORCHIBE^. 293 witliout any prominent spur or ])oint. Labellum vvith a narrow claw of Jibout 1 line, the liiiniua with an erect central siiccate lobe of about 1 hne, the kitenil h)bes twice as long-, oblony, obtuse, chispin<^- the very short cohinin. Pollen-masses 2 on a short caudicle, the pollen some- what niealy. N. S. Wales. Macleay river, FHzgcrahl.—l liave only seen racemes and lonse liavi.s ol' tliis reniarkably tlistinct specics. Tlie flowers at Hrst sight resemble those of JJendrobium tirctifoliaiii, but tlie structnre is totally Jitlerent. 2. S. falcatus, li. Br. Prod. 'So2. Stems rarely above 2 or 3 in. hiyh, rather stout, covered by the rifrid h)osely imbricate sheathino: bases of the leaves. Leaves oblong-, often fak-ate, 2 to 4 in. lon<>- and ^ to -^ in. broad. Peduncles in the lower axils scarcely exceediny tlie leaves and sometimes shorter. Flowers usually 3 or 4, distant, white. ]>racts ovate, about 2 lines long*. Pedicels and ovary about ^ in. tSepals and petals nearly equal, oblong-, obtuse, 0 to 7 lines long-, the hiteral sepals adnate to the base only of the basal projection of the column which forms a canaliculate claw to the labellum of about l\ lines. Labellum ascending' from the end of it, the lateral lobes larg-e, ovate, the middie lobe very short broad and ahnost scale-like or scarcely prominent, vs^ith a thick tleshy dorsal ])rotuberance or solid spur; the disk with a transverse 2-lobed scale or callus between the lateral lobes. Column short, with 2 very prominent acuminate angles. Capsules linear, soinetimes 3 in. long-. — Lindl. Gen. and 8p. Orch. 14:2 ; Bot. lieg-. t. 1832 ; F. Muell. Frag-m. vii. 97 ; Tkriocspermim falcatum, Reichb. f. Beitr. 46. N. S. Wales. Hunter's, Paterson's, and Williams' vivers, Ji. Brown ; Macleay river, FitzgcruUl; Hastings river, C. Jioore ; Woolongong, Backhouse; Illawurra, A. CunniiKjham. 3. S. Fitzgeraldi, F. Mudl. Fraf/m. vii. 115. Stem foliage and «•eneral aspect oi S.Jidcafus, the leaves from 3 to 6 in. long. Racemes with the peduncle 6 in. to 1 ft. long, the llowers of the size of those of S. falcatus, " snowy white s])otted with rich lake or maroon.'' Bracts small, pedicels ^ in. long* or rather more. Sepals and petals nearly equal, contracted at the base, 5 to 6 lines long', the lateral sepals adnate to the whole of the basal projection of the column as in S. oUvaceus, but the ]:)rojection shorter and broader than in that species. Labellum not half the leng-th of the sepals, the lateral lobes ovate, falcate, scarcely 1|- lines long", the middle lobe scarcely ])rominent, the solid dorsal ]jrotuberance short and obtuse ; disk with a large very prominent callus between the lateral lobes and a smaller one just within the small middle lobe. N. S. Wales. Narvoo falls, Bellinger river, FitzgeraJd ; Mount Warning, Guilfoyle. 4. S. olivaceus, Lindl. Bot. Refj. 1839, Misc. 32. Stems covered with the ])rominent bases of the leaves as in S. falcatus, but g-enerally shorter, under 1 iu. long-. Leaves oblong-, often falcate, 2 to 3 in. long-, a])parently thinner than in S.falcatus. Racemes loose, of 2 or 3 tiowers, the rhachis ilexuose, not exceeding- the leaves. Bracts very small. Sepals 294 cxx. ORCHiDE^. [Sarcockilus. and petnls of a dull pale purple or yellowish brown, 5 to 6 lines long' linear-oblono", niuch contracted below the niiddle, the hiteral scpals dihited at the base and adnate to the whole of the basal projection of the cohimn. Labellum white streaked with red, almost sessile, about lialf as long- as the sepals, the hiteral lobes obhjng--falc:ite, the niiddle lobe very short and orbicular, the dorsal soHd protuberance ovoid- conical, obtuse ; the disk with several very prorainent irreg-ular calli between the lateral lobes. Column short, with a long- basal projection. Capsule narrow. — F. MueH. Fragm. vii. \)7 ; S. dilutatus, F. Muell. Fraaves. Leaves 4 to (i in. h)ng' aud at h>ast 1 in. broad, the veius not proiniueut except the midrib, which forms an acute keel underneuth. Spikes ri{^-id, uot louji'er thau the leaves, the tlowers rather numerous, sessile, " red." Sepals and petals rather thick, about 2^ Hnes long-, all nearly equaL Coiumn not pro- duced at the base. LabeUum sessile, the spur oblony, obtuse, rather dihited beyond the middle, l^ lines lonjj;-, closed at the oritice by a larg-e ovate plate close uuder the columu ; lamina short aud broad, the middle lobe orbicular, about l^ lines diameter, the lateral lobes shorter, falcate and uarrow. Capsule oblong-, stroug-Iy ribbed. — Succolahium Mucphcr- so/tii, F. Muell. Frag-m. vii. 90. Queensland. Kockiiigliam ba v, DdJlachij. — This lias mucli tlie aspect of a sraall- flowered iiufcantlius, biit tlie-spur is not divided iiiside. 10. VANDA, R. Br. Sepals and petals nearly equal, free, spreading-, contracted at the base. Labellum inserted at the base of the columu, ])roduced at the base into a pouch or conical spur, the lamina spreading-, 3-Iobed, the disk smooth or in species not Australiau with callosities above the pouch. Columu short, thick, erect, with an obtuse or retuse rostellum. Auther terminal, lid-like", 2-ceIIed. PoIIeu-masses waxy, 4 in pairs or 2 deeply 2-Iobed, attached to a linear or cuueate caudicle on a large g-Iand. — Epiphytical herbs, with distichous ofteu thick and coriaceous or liesh}" leaves. Racemes lateral. Flowers usually large and showy. The .cenus extends over E. India and the Archipelago as far as S. China ; the only Australian species is appareutly tlie same as an Archipehigo oue. 1. V. Hindsii, Lindl. in Hook. Lond. Journ. ii. 237, and in Paxt. Mufj. ii. 21. Stems of moderate length, with liuear canaliculate leaves of 1 ft. or niore. Racemes 6 iu. to above 1 ft. iu leugth, with 3 to 10 larg-e flowers, the spreading- pedicels often 2 to 3 in. loug- including- the ovary. Sepals and petals nearly 1 iu. long-, broadly obovate with sinuate marg-ins, coutracted into a broad claw, of a pale yellowish-white out- side, white iuside with purple spots, slig-htly shaded with yellow at the base and with pink towards the margins. Labellum at least as long- as the sepals, convex, rather thick and Heshy, geuerally purple but with more or less of white towards the base and darker streaks on the disk, the lateral lobes short and broad, the middle lobe much longer, obovate- oblong-, emarginate or shortly 2-Iobed. without callosities ou the disk. Column white. — T^ tricolor, Lindl. in Bot. Reg-. 1847, under t. 59, aud in Paxt. FI. Gard. ii. 20, t. 42 ; Bot. Mag-. t. 4432 ; V. suuvis, F. Muell. Frag-m. vii. 135, but scarcely of Lindl. N. Australia. Arnhem's Land, F. Jlueller ; and also in Xew Giiinea and Java, if the determination and synonymy are correct. — Of the Au>tralian phmt 1 have only seen a single tlower and leaf in Herb. F. Muell., in which tlie size and shape of the sep.ils, petals, and hibehum agree preeisely with those of K Hinilsd and )'. tricolor iu Herb. Liudi. as far as cau be judged from dried specimens. Liudley distinguishes 298 ' cxx. ORCHTDE.S:. [Vanda. V. Uindsii from V. tricolor clnefly by the long racenie with 10 instead of 3 or 4 flowers. In Herb. Hook. the spocimen of V. tricolor figured in the Magazine has had at least 10 flowers. It is true tliat Lindley, in Foh'a Orchidacea, refers this to V. fmavis, but Eeichenbach tliinks it niore correctly placed under V. tricnlor. F. iMueller had at first reierred his Australian plant to V. tricolor, but afterwards determincd it as V. xuains, on account of the colour of the flowers. His description, however, agrees well with the colours of V. tricolor as depicted in a sketch iu Herb. Lindl, whilst the true V. suavis has not only the petals and sepals with a pure white ground, but their shape as well as that of the labelb m is somewhat difllrent. Pos-ibly, however, V. Hinchii, V. tricolor, and V. siiavis may all be forms of one species, now frequent in our coUections of living Orchideaj under the names of V. tricolor or V. suavis, and evideutly very variable both in the colour and the shape of the perianth. 11. SACCOLABIUM, Lindl. Sepals and petals nearly equal, free, spreading-, the lateral sepals often more or less dilated at the base and adnate to a basal projection of the colurnn. Labellum articulate at the base of the coluran or at the end of its basal projection, with a hollow spur or pouch at the base, neither internally divided nor with any internal appendag-e, the lamina usually undivided or witliout any prominent middle lobe. Column short, erect, often produced at the base. Anther lid-like. PoUen- masses 4 in pairs (or 2 deeply 2-lobed), attached to a caudicle. — Epi- phytical herbs. Stems marked with or covered by the truncate persis- tent bases of the leaves. Leaves flat. Racemes axillary, simple or in species not Australian branched. Bracts small. The genus is generally distributed over East India and the Archipelago. The only Australian species appears to be endemic. 1. S. Hillii, F. Mudl. Fragm. i. 192. Stems rig-id, flexuose, several inches long-, covered with the prominent deeply striate bases of the leaves. Leaves distichous, rigid, with prominent nerves, mostly 3 to 5 in. long* and f to 1 in. broad. Racemes usually about the length of the leaf, the flowers numerous and small on very short pedicels. Sepals and petals, oblong-linear, not quite 2 lines long, the lateral ones adnate to the short basal projection of the column, falcate as well as the petals, the dorsal one rather longer and incurved. Labellum nearly as long- as the sepals, the basal pouch short and broad without any internal appendage, the himina concave or embracing- the column, much broader than long-, truncate without any middle lobe, the angles (or hiteral lobes) shortly acuminate and somewhat incurved, the disk with an erect conical tooth or callosity immediately above the pouch but not reflexed into it. Queensland. Brisbane river, Moreton bay, F. Muelhr, W. Hill, Bailey. N. S. Wales. Clarence river, Beckler ; Tweed river, Ouilfotjle. 12. GEODORUM, Jacks. Sepals and petals nearly equal, free, erect. Labellum erect, sessile at the base of the column but free from it, broad, concave and sliglitly saccate at the base, entire or scarcely lobed. Column short, erect, Geodorum.] cxx. ORCHiDE-ai:. 299 semiterete. Anther tenninal, lid-like, very concave. Pollen masses 2, 2-lobed, waxy, attaclu'il to a very sliort candicle on a transverse yland. — Tei-restrial herbs with a short creepinj,^ rhizonic. Leafy stenis short, sometimes pseudo-bulbous at the base. Leaves rather larye, plicate and strong-lj' ribbed, the lower ones reduced to membranous sheathing- scales. JScapes from the base of the leafy stem, leatiess except the sheatliin<^- scales, terminatyig in a rather dense usually recurved raceme. The Erenus extends over East India and the Archipolago. Tbc Australian species is genenilly supposed to be eiidemic, but the ditierences between soiue of tlie specics aie very sliglit, aiid require further iuvestigation. 1. G. pictum, Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 175. Leafy stems a few inches hi«;'h, terminatin-^' in 2 or 3 ovate-Ianceohite leaves of 4 to 8 in., tapcr- in»' at both ends. Scapes from the axil of a membranous scale close to the base of the leafy stem, shorter or perhaps sometimes long-er than the leaves, bearing- membranous sheathing- scales, several rather larg-e at the base of the scape, distant liigher up. Flowers pink, ratlier numerous in a terminal rticeme, reilexed only after the tiowers have begun to expand (from F. Mueller's notes). Pedicels short. Bracts linear, white. Se})als and petals oblong-, 4 to 5 lines long'. Labellum broadly ovate, darkly veined, obtuse and emarginate or very shortly 2-lobed at the end, the margin somewhat undulate, the disk saccate at the base with 2 double raised lines or plates more or less marked at the base often evanescent upwards or confluent into 2 singie ones and ter- niinating in a toothed or entire transverse callus below the end of the htbellum. Column short, the margin winged. Pollen-niasses ovoid- giobular, waxy, 2-lobed. — F. Muell. Fragm. iii. 2-4 j Reichb. Beitr. 40 j CtjmMduiin jjictum, R. Br. Prod. 331. N. Australia. North coast, 5. Brown; Port Darwin, Schultz, n. 728; Escape Clills, Eulse. Queensland. Moreton bay, Bernays; Kockhampton, O^ Shanesy, Thozet ; Cleve- hmd bay, Bowman; Wide bay, Bidiuill; Rockingham bay, Dulluchy, Port Denison, Fltzalan. F. Mueller, Fragm. viii. 31, refers Hulse's specimens to the East Indian G. dila- tutum, Br., founded on Roxburgh's Limodorum recurvum, and iu both Hnlse's aud Schultz's specimens I find the callus near the end of the labcllum entire, not touthed or divided as in the majority of the Queensland specimens. 1 have been imable, however, lo find two specimens with their calli and maikings the same, and it apj^ears to me most probable that there is but one species in Australia, and that perhaps not really distinct from the Indian G. dilatatum. 13. EULOPHIA, R. Br. Sepals and petals nearly equal, spreading-, free or the lateral sepals ad- nate to the short basal prqjection of the column. Labellum inserted at the base of the colunin or its projection but free from it, })roduced at the base into a short pouch or spur, the lamina 3-Iobed or rarely undivided, the disk usually marked with cristate or bearded veins. Columu semi- terete, with the frout augies acute or wiuged. Polleu-masses 4 iu pairs, 300 XX. ORCHIDE^. \JSulaphia. or 2 and Ijifid, waxy, attacLed to a sliort linear caudicle on a trans- verse yiand. — Terrestrial herbs, with short stems. Leaves distichous, pHcute, or sometimes those of the Howeriny stems reduced to sheathiny scales. Kacemes terniinal or on radical sca})es. The geiius is spread over tropical aud subtropical Asia and Africa. The Australian species are both endeiuic. Labelluni strongly aud darkly veined, the middle lobe rauch broader ihan long l. JE. venosa. Labelluni fijiely veined, the middle lobe aslong as broad .... 2. E. Fitzalani. 1. E. venosa, lieichb.f. in Herb. Lindl. An erect leafless herb, with the habit of Dipudium piDictatum, the sheathing' scales imbricate at the base of the stem, the upper ones distant, passing- into narrow bracts, often as long- as the pedicel and ovary. Flowers several in a terminal raceme, whitish with deep red veins. Sepals broadly lanceolate, 6 to 8 lines long-, marked with longitudinal somewhat anastomosing- veins, the lateral ones attached to the short basal projection of the colunin. Petals rather shorter and broader, ahnost obovate-oblong-. Labellum rather long-er than the sepals, the spur short, tlie hiteral lobes ovate, strongly veined, the middle lobe twice as long- and very much broader than long', almost reniform, elegantly veined, the disk with two longitudinal gia- brous raised lines or plates between the lobes, shortly prolong-ed on the middle lobe which has besides 8 or more short undulate raised lines or plates. Column half as long as the sepals, the dorsal lobe beainng- the anther rather long- and ovate. — DijmUum vetwsum, F. MuelL Fragm. i. 61. N. Australia. Provideuce Hill and Jlacadam liarige, F. Mueller. Queensland. Rockingham bay, Dallaclnj ; Port Mackay, jSernst. 2. E. Fitzalani, F. Mnell. Frugm. viii. 30. Habit apparently that of E. vcnusa, the singie specimen leafless, nearly 1 ft. high, with a sheathing- bract near the base about 1-^- in. long-, the bracts subtending' the pedicels reaching- to the top of the ovary. The sepals narrow-lan- eeolate, striate, acuminate-acute, about 7 lines long', the h^teral ones attached at the base to the projection of the column. Petals scarcely broader but rather shorter and more obtuse, the veins shghtly anasto- mosing-. Labellum as long- as the petals, the basal spur short but long-er than in E. venosa, the veins branching- but uot so dark aiid strong as in E. venosa, lateral lobes not halfway up and not very prominent ; middle lobe h^rge but scarcely broader than long, the margins mucii unduhite and very obtuse ; the disk with 4 slightly raised lines quite entire be- tween the hiteral lobes, crisped or liinged and extending- to about half the length of the middle lobe. Column not half so long- as the sepals. Pollen-masses 2, depressed giobular. Queeusland. Mount Dryander, Fitzalan. 14. DIPODIUM, R. Br. (Leopardanthus, Biume; Wailesia, Lindl.) Sepals and petals nearly equal, free, spreading-. Labellum sessile, erect, adnate to the column at its base and then gibbous or produced Dipudhim.] cxx. orchidea'. 301 into a verv short poucli, tlie lamina 3-lobed, tlio latoral lo])os narrow, tlie niiddle lobe lonyer, oblon>j,'-ovate or rlioinl^oidal, with a hair}' or pubescent patch near the end. Cohnnn erect, seniicylindricai, the mem- branous marg-in variously sinuate or toothed. Anther lid-like. Pollen- niasses 2, deeply 2-lobed (or 4 in pairs), lateral, uttached to separate caudicles procoediny from a rather lariie g'land. — Terrestrial herbs, the leafy stems when present simple with distichous leaves. Kacemes on long- leailess scapes or long- erect axillary pednncles, with sheathin"" scales imbricate at the base of the scape or peduncle, the upper distant ones passing- into small bracts. Flowers rather large, often spotted. Besi.les the two Australian specics which appear to be enJemic, there are a few from New Calcdonia, the Eastern Archipchigo, aiiJ East India. No leaves. Scales not numerous, loosely imbricate at the base of the scapcs 1. D.punctatum. Stems wiih linear-lanceolate leaves. Peduncles axillary . . . 2. D. ensifolium. 1. D. punctatum, 7.'. Br. Prod. 331. A leafless plant with thick fibrous roots and erect stem attaining- with the racenies 1 to 2 ft., the sheatliing- scales few and loosely imbricate and obtuse at the base, dis- tant higher up. Flowers rather large, more or less red and usually but not always spotted with purple, in a terminal racerne sometimes very short sometimes occupying- a third of the stem. Sepals and petals oblong--lanceolate, 6 to 8 lines long-. Labellum as long- or rather lono-er the basal pouch or g-ibbosity very short; lateral lobes below the middle narrow and erect ; middle lobe twice as long-, obovate-oblono- ; disk with 2 raised lines very prominent and glabrous at the base, pubescent upwards and ending' sometimes in tufts or pubescent scales, the middle lobe with one broad pubescent line or patch. Column half as lono- as the sepals, the inner iace pubescent. Pollen-masses 2, deeply 2-lobed laterallv attached below the subulate ends of the caudicles.— Hook f Fl. Tasm. ii. 32, t. 127 ; Bot. Reg-. t. 1980 ; Reichb. f. Beitr. 45; Dm- drubium punctatum, Sm. Exot. Bot. i. 21, t. 12. N. Australia. Port Darwin, ScJmltz, n. 623 (with narrow pale coloured sepals and petals, perhaps not spntted). Queensland. Brisbane river, Moreton bay, F. Mueller ; Condamine river, Leich- hardt ; Bockhampton, 0' Shajiesij ; Armidale, Perrott ; Burdekin river and Mount Elliott, Fitzalan. N. S. Wales. Hastings and Clarence rivers, BecUer; Macleay river, Fitzaerald; New England, C. Stuart. "^ Victoria. Upper Yarra and Dandenong Eange, F. Mueller ; Glenelg river Boltert-fon. Tasmania. Circular Head, Gunn ; Port Sorell and Cheshunt, in slony and moist places, generally growing near Eucalypti, Archer. S. Australia. Kanges near Mouat Lofty, F. Mueller. The pubescence of the labellum appears to be very variable in shape and extent. The closely ailied New Caledonian D. sqiLamatum differs chiefly in the more closely imbri- cate appressed and acute scales at the base of the stem. 2. D. ensifolium, F. Muell. Frafjm. v. 42. Stems leafy, from a few inches to above 1 ft. liig-h without the racemes. Leaves distichous, com- plicate or canaliculate, linear-lanceolate, acute, strong-ly keeled and 302 cxx. ORCHiDE-aE, [Dipodium. usnally prominently ribbed on each side, 3 to 6 in. long-, the persistent truncate base usually rather long-. Racemes with the peduncle often above 1 ft. lonj^, sometimes appearino- at first terminal, and usually only 1 or 2 on the same stem, but really ahvays axillary. Sheathin^- scales small, distant, with a few imbricate ones at the base of the prMhmcle. Pedicels with the ovary about | in. long-. Sepals and petals " pink and spotted," 6 to 8 lines long-, the sepals oblong'-lanceolate, the petals rather broader and more contracted at the base. Labellum about the lentith of the sepals, scarcely g'ibbous at the base but shortly connate witli the column as in other species, the lateral lobes placed much below tlie middle, linear or linear-spathulate, incurved, the middle lobe about twice as long-, broadly rhomboidal ; the disk with 2 pubescent lines between the lateral lobes conlluent into 1 at the base of tlie middle lobe, and a dense patch of scaly liairs at the end of it. Column not half the leng-th of the sepals, pubescent in front. Pollen-masses 2-lobed, the 2 caudicles long- and slender. Queensland. Rockingham bay, Dallachy. Tribe 3. Bletide^. — Anther lid-like, incimibent, usually de- ciduous. Pollen-masses waxy, 4 or 8, tapering- at the base, separately attached and sessile or on short caudicles, or on a short dichotomous caudicle. Terrestrial herbs, with creeping- or rarely tuberose rhizomes or rarel}^ epiphytes. Sepals and petals nearly equal, free and spreading-. Flowers often larg-e. 15. CYMBIDIUM, Swartz. Sepals and petals nearly equal, free, spreading-. Labellum sessile, free, articulate on the base of the column, or very shortly adnate to it, concave, entire or 3-lobed. Column erect or slightly incurved, semi- terete, sometimes narrowly wing-ed. Anther lid-like, very concave, more or less 2-celled. Pollen-masses 2, usually 2-lobed (4 united in pairs), sessile on a somewhat triangular g-land. — Plants usually epiphy- tical. Stems often short and slightly swollen into pseudobulbs. Leaves elongated, keeled, striate. Flowers not small, in loose racemes pedun- culate in the lower axils, the peduncle often long- with sheathing- rig-id scales at the base. Bracts usually small. Tlie genus, as at present understood, comprises tropical and snbtropical species, both of the New and of the Old World, but chiefly from the latter. It has not, however, been subject to any recent revision. The Australiau species appear to be all endemic. Labelhim 3-lobed with 2 longitudinal raised pubescent or fringed plates on the disk 1. C. canaliculatum. Labellum 3-lobed without longitudinal plates. Leaves very long and mostly 1 in. broad 2. (7. alhucijlorvm. Labellum undivided without longitudinal plates 3. C. suave. 1. C. canaliculatum, E. Br. Prod. 331. Leaf-stems or pseudo- bulbs usually 2 to 4 in. long'. Leaves elong-ated, narrow, keeled, chan- nelled above, striate, the upper ones often 6 in. to 1 ft. long- or even more, the lower ones short. Racemes from the lower axils often 1 ft. Cijmbidiuin.] cxx. ORCHlDEJE. 303 lones decurrent along' the claw, the niiddle lobe broadly ovate or almost rhomboidal, as long- as the lower part, pa])iUose on the u]i})er surface ; the disk between the lateral lobes with "J longitudinal raised lines or plates slig-htly pu- bescent or shortly fring-ed. Cohimn about as long- as the lateral lol)es, slig-htly incurved, with 2 narrow longitudinal wing's. — Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 104:; Bot. Mag'. t. 5801 ; lieichb. f. Beitr. 40. N. Austi-alia. Fitziuaurice river, F. Miieller. Queensland. Broad Souud, li. Brown ; Capc York [Botanical Magazine); Her- bert's Cnck, Bowman ; (^apc river, Fdzalun ; Burnett, Jlalij. N. S. 'Wales. Hunter's river, A. Cunninghain ; E.iclmjond river, Fawcett ; also in J//Yc/(( //'■-•■ aiid LeiclihardV s collections. S. Australia. Cooper's Creek {F. Miieller), the specimen not seen. The flowers are brown with green raargins according to the Bot. Mag. ; yellow, blotched with i-ed according to others; the labellum dull white spotted with red. 2. C. albuciflorum, F. Mnell. Fra(]m. i. 188. Stems or pseudobulbs often 1 ft. lonj^. Letives attaining- 2 ft. or more and often 1 in. broad, keeled underneath, channelled above, and striate. Racemes including; the peduncle 1 to 2 ft. long-, axillary, with sheathing- scales at their base. Bracts small, at length spreatling- or retlexed. Pedicels rather rigid, \ to I in. long-. Sepals and ])etals g-reenish yellow, about 0 lines long-, rather brown outside, more obtuse than in C. canalimlutum, the se])als broadly oblong;, the petals rather narrower. Labellum nearly as long- as the sepals, red at the base, yellowish above, 3-Iobed as in C. caualieulattim but without the longitudinal plates of tliat species, of a rather thicker consistence and not quite so broad. Column with a pro- minent angle in front, the apex truncate. Queensland. Moreton bay, W. Hill ; Rockingham bay, Dallachj ; Mount Dry- andcr, Fitzalun. 3. C. suave, li. Br. Prod. 331. Stems usually short, more densely covered with the imbricate strong-Iy striate bases of the leaves than the two preceding species, aud these bases often split up into fibres. Leaves narrow, often above 1 ft. long-, keeled and strong-ly striate. Racemes rather more dense than in C. canaliculatum., the sheathing- scales at the base of the peduncle more rig-id and leaf-Iike, the ilowers rather smaller, g-reen blotched with red. Sepals and petals scarcely 0 lines long-, rather acute. Labellum narrower than in C. canalicidatum, especially towtirds the base, undivided or obscurely sinutite 3-Iobed, the disk without long-itudinal phites but thickened along- the centre. Column with 2 narrow wing-s. Capsule ovoid-g-Iobular, scarcelv 1 in. long-. — Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 164 ; F. Muell. Frag-m. i. 187 ; Reichb. f. Beitr. 4G. Queensland. Moreton bay, C. Stuart. — Some far advanced specimens from Rock- hanipton, OShinesy, DaUachy, with smaller tiowers may belong to the same species. N. S. 'Wales. Hunter's river, B. Brown ; Paramatta, Woolls ; northward to Habtings river, Beckler ; southward to lilawarra, Shepherd. 304 cxx. ORCHIDE^. \Spathoglottis. 10. SPATHOGLOTTIS, Blume. Sepals and petiils nearly equal, free, gpreading. Labellum articulate at tlie base of the column, concave or saccate at the basc, decply 3-lobed, the middle lobe contracted at the base and beainng- prominent tubercles or calli. Column erect, free, more or less ddated or iL^-wing-ed upwards. Anthers terminal, lid-like, 2-celled. PoUen-masses 8, of which 4 usually smaller, waxy, with very short separate cuudicles with- out any common gdand. — Terrestrial herbs with subterranean tuberous rhizomes. Leaves usually long-, plicate and strong-ly ribbed. Racemes on erect scapes, leafless except sheathing- scales. Bracts usually rather larg-e. The genus is di^persed over trnpical Asia; the only Anstralian spccics perhaps endemic, but closelj allied to one ranging over the Archipelago. 1. S. Paulinae, F. 3Iuell. Fragm. vi. 95. Tubers small. Leaves lanceolate, acuminate, 2 to 3 ft. long-, tapering- into a long- petiole, pli- cate and strongly ribbed. Scapes attaining- 3 or 4 ft. bearing- a short raceme of '' purple" flowers. Bracts lanceolate, about -1 in. long-; pedicels about 1 in. Sepals and petals about 5 lines long. Labellum about as long', very short and concave below the lobes, the lateral lobes linear-oblong', sligiitly spathulate and incurved, the middle lobe scarcely long-er, obovate, obtuse or emarginate, contracted much below the middle, with 3 larg'e prominent calli immediately above the lateral lobes, hairy around and imraediately above the calli. Column incurved, not much shorter than the sepals, slig-htly dilated upwards. — Blctia PauUncB, F. Muelh hc. Queensland. Rockingham bay, Dallachy. — Very near the S. pUcata, Blume {S. lilacina, Griff.), but the flovvers are rather smaller, ancl the shape of the middle lobe of the labellum different. The few flowers seen were, however, not iu a good state. 17. PHAIUS. Lour. Sepals and petals nearly equal, free, spreading-. Labellum broad, produced into a spur at the base, erect and convolute round the column, entire or 3-lobed and more or less spreading- at the top. Column semi- cylindrical, elongated. Anther lid-like. Pollen-masses 8, nearly equal or 4 shorter, waxy, attached to the branches of a dichotomous caudicle, but no g-Iand. — Terrestrial herbs, the leafy stems short and thickened into pseudobulbs or almost stemless. Leaves larg-e. Scapes radical, tall, erect, leafless except sheathing- scales imbricate at the base, distant on the stem and passing' into the bracts. Flowers Iarg'e and showy. The genus is spread over tropical and subtropical Asia. Of the two Australian species or varieties, one is the same as an Archipelago one, the other may be endemic, but is not sufGciently known. Sepals apd petals brown inside 1. P. grandifolius. Sepals and petals yellow inside 2. P. Bernaysii. 1. P. grandifolius, Lour. ; Li/idl. Gen. and Sp. Orcli. 126. Stems tufted, usually tliickened into short pseudobulbs at the base, bearing- 2 rfiaius.] CXX. ORCHIDE^. 305 or 8 ol)long' or orate-lanceolate leaves often above 1 ft. long", narrowed into a lun^- jietiole. Scajjes radical, 2 to 4 ft. liiy-li, bearinji;' a loose raceme of larg-e sbowy ilowers, Sepals and petals broadly lanceolate, If to near 2 in. lonfj;, wbite outside, cinnamon-brown inside. Labellum nearly as long- as tbe sepals, very broadly obovate, broadly and very obtusely 3-lobed, or notcbed oi- sbortly acute in tlie centre, tbe marg-ins undulate-crisped, wliite and sbaded or streaked witb crimson, loosely encircling' tbe column at its base, tbe spur sbort narrow and usually curved. Column nearly | in. long'. — Blctia TanherviUite, R. Br. in Bot. Ma^-. t. V^'2^ ; Phaiu.-< aii.stralis, F. Muell. Frat;-m. i. 42 ; P. Iriicophreu.-i, F. Muell. Fragm. iv. K)3 ; P. Carroui, F. Mueli. Pl. Burdek. Exped. 19. Queensland. Moreton bay and island, .1. Cuuningliam, 31'Gillivrai/ ; Kocking- hain bay, A. <'unninghain, Dallachif : Laily Elliott's ishiiid, Bnrdekin E.vpedition. N. S. ^Vales. JMacleay river, Fitzf/erald ; Tweed river, Herh. F. Mueller. ?. P. Bernaysii, liowl. ; lieichb.f. in Gard. Chron. 1873, 361. Habit stature i"oliag'e aml intlorescence of P. f/randifolius, from wbich it is only to l)e disting-uisbed by the colour of the flower of a pale yellow inside, the labellum also 3'ellow edg"ed witb white. Tbe spur of the labellum appears in the two Howers accompanying" the wild specimen to be rather straig-bter than in the common species, but curved in the cultivated plant. Reichenbacb refers it to P. Blumei, distinguisbed by the labellum acute not notched in the centre, but tliis appears to vary much from specimen to specimen. — P. Blumei var. Bcrnai/sii, Reichb. f in Bot. Mag". t. 0032. Queensland. Moreton bay, Bernays. 18. CALANTHE, R. Br. Sepals and petals nearly equal, free, spreading-, the lateral sepals sometimes sbortly adnate to tbe labellum at the base. Labellum con- nate at the base with the column in a sort of cup, usually produced into a spur at the base, the lamina spreading-, lobed or undivided, the disk with several tubercles or callosities opposite tbe anther. Column erect, the marg-ins connate witb the labellum, the rostellum usually rostrate. Anther lid-Iike. PoIIen-masses 8, tapering to the base and there afiixed to a divisible g-land. — Terrestrial berbs, stemless or nearly so. Leaves larg-e, plicate, usually in tufts of 2 or 3. Scapcs in the axils of the outer leaves tall, erect, and many-flowered. Flowers often showy, white or lilac. Trie genus is dispersed over tropical Asia and the islands of tbe PacifiC; with one Mcxican species ; tbe only Australian species extends over tbe Arcbipelago and the East Indian Peninsula. 1. C. veratrifolia, B. Br. in Bot. Beg. nnder n. 573. Rhizome sbortly creeping-, witb tufts of 2 or 3 leaves, sometimes forming- a very sbort stem or pseudobulb at the base. Leaves 1 to 2 ft. long-, ovate- 1-anceolate, plicate undulate and strungiy ribbed, tapering- into a petiole wbich is again dilated at the base. Scapes usually in the axil of the VOL. VI. X 306 cxx. ORCHiDE^. [Calanthe. outer leaf, 2 to 4 ft. hig-h, the flowers rather crowded near the sumniit. Pedicels spreading-, ^ to 1 in. long-, recurved after flowering-. Sepals and petals white, obovate-oblong-, nearlv 5 hnes long-, the petals usually broader and more contracted at the base than the sepals. Labellum much longer, the spur slender, | in. long- and usually pubescent, the lamina 3-lobed with the middle lobe deeply bifld, the 4 lobes oblong- and sometimes nearly equal, but varialde in breadth as well as in the relative depth to which they are divided, the callosities of the disk yellow. Capsule obovoid-oblong-, about 1|- in. long\ — Bot. Reg-. t. 7!20 ; Bot. Ma^. t. 2615. Queensland. Eockingham bay, Dallachy ; Brisbane river, Moreton bay, F. Mueller. W. S. \l^ales. Haslings river, BecMer ; Eichmond river, Menderson; Tweed river, Guilfoyle; Illawarra, A. Cunnhigham. The Australian specimens, constituting the var. austraUs, Lindl. Fol. Orchid. Calanthe, 8, appear generally to have the lobes of the labellum rather broader than the Indian ones. Tribe 4. Arethuse^. — Anther lid-like, incumbent, usually deci- duous. Pollen granular or mealy. Terrestrial or rarely epiphytes. Stems in the Australian g-enera or sections leafless at the time of flowering. 19. GALEOLA, Lour. (Erythrorchis, Blume; Ledgeria, F. 3Iuell.) Sepals and petals nearly equal in leng-th, connivent or open, the dorsal sepal incurved, the petals narrower. Labelhim sessile, broad, incurved round the column, the lateral lobes very short and erect or obsolete, the middle lobe short and broad, undulate-crisped, the disk with 2 raised long-itudinal Hnes, the intervening* space pubescent or g'h\brous. Column elongated, erect, not at all or scarcely wing-ed. Anther lid-like, incumbent, with a broad flat or convex dorsal appen- dag'e, 2-celled. PoUen gTanular-farinaceous or almost waxy, in 2 deeply 2-lobed distinct masses, without any caudicle or gdand. — Leafless epi- phytes, sometimcs chmbing to a great extent, the branches flexuose. Flowers in terminal usually pendulous panicles. Bracts at the base of the branches and panicles small or larg'e, but always concave and half- stem-clasping-. Besides the Australian species, one of which is closely alhed to a Javanese one, there are two or three others from East India, the Archipelago, and perhaps from New Cale- donia. The genus appears to have been quite correctly referred by Reichenbach f. to the Galeola of Loureiro, and I should aiso concur in the retention of Cyrtosia, BL, as distinct. Bracts scarcely ^ in. long. Labellum pubescent inside between the raised lines which end in a transverse callus. Pollen almost waxy l. G. cassythoides. Bracts 1 to 2 in. long. Labellum glabrous between tbe raised lines which converge into one, the lamina on each side marked with diverging lines fringed with small linear hairs .... 2. (7. foUata. Galcola.] CXX. ORCHIDEiE. 307 1. G. cassythoides, linchh.f. Xen. Orckid. ii. 77. Stems leafless, of a chocolate-brown colour, climbiii''' to a f;Teat lcngtli and closely adher- ing- to the stems oftrees, throwinu' out adventitious rootlets at the nodes o})posite the bracts, terminatine flower too far advanced for examination. 3. C. paludosus, i?. Br. Prod. 300. Usually more slender tban C. campestris, witli a lono- leaf and only 0 or 3 rarely 4 flowers, often but not always birger tban in tbat species. Sepals usually 7 to 8 hnes long- ; petals not balf so lonii-, strongly veined. Labellum covered witb tbe long" fring-es or ciHa, sborter and mucb crowded towards tbe base, with 2 long-itudinal but sbort and mucb raised plates near tbe base re- sembling- auricles but intramarginal, not strictl}' marginal as figured (C 3) in Endlicber's plate, tbe terminal smootb point of tbe bdjelhuTi nsually long' flexuose and linear. Cohimn-wing- produced beliind tbe antber to about its lengtb, broadly rounded in front on eacb side, witb- out tbe g-lands of C. campestris. Antber as broad as long', very obtuse, neither acuminate not rostrate. — Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 45l) ; Endl. IconogT. t. 14; Reicbb. f. Beitr. 22. N. S. 'Wales. Port Jackson, B. Brown, Woolls ; Hunter's river, R. Brown; Blue Mountaius, Miss Atkinson. 28. THELYMITRA, Forst. Sepals and petals all nearly equal and spreading-. Labellum similar to tbe sepals and petals and s])reading- witb tbem. Column erect, rather sbort, very broadly winged, the wing-s either reacbing- to the base of the anther witb an erect usually thick entire lateral lobe or appendag-e on each side of it, or dilated at tbe end and united bebind the antber, sometimes extended into a broad lobed bood over it, the lateral lobes often penicillate or crested, the wings below the antber embracing- the column but open in front except at tbe base where tbey are united and sometimes are produced into a sbort tootli between the labellum and column. Anther erect or bent forward be- tween the lateral lobes or under the boodj the cells distinct, tbe con- neclive produced into a broad appendag-e sometimes elong-ated and entire or shortly bifid ; pollen-masses gTanuIar, witbout any or witli a very small ctiudicle. — Terrestrial herbs, g-Iabrous or very rarely pubes- cent on tbe leaf-sbeaths, with ovoid underg-round tubers. Leaf solitary, nsually with a ratber long- sheatb, tbe lamina linear, lanceolate or rarel}' almost ovate, often ratber thick, but not terete ; empty bracts 1 or 2 along' tbe stem. Flowers usually several in a terminal raceme, sometimes reduced to 1 or 2, blue purple red or yellow, occasionally with white varieties. One of the Australian species extends over New Zeahind, New Caledonia, and the , Jndian Avcliipelago, and there are three or perhaps four species peculiai- to New Zea- hmd ; thc genus is othcrwise endemic in Australia. It is remarkable for the labellum perfectly resembling and taking its place as one of the putals, aud quite detached from the cohimn, from which it is separated by the anuular base of the wiug. Thelymitra.] cxx. orchide.^e. 817 Seot. 1. Cucallaria. — Colunin-wiiig produced hehind and beyond the aiither into a hroad hood orer it, varioushj lohcd or friiigcd at the top. Hood witli the 2 extrenie latcral lobes pcnicillate (bearing a tuft of cilia). Fiowers bliic, piirplc or wliite. IIooil witli 3 .short denticulate or fringed lobes between tlio peni- cill.ite oncs and shorter than them. Jlilillc lobc of the hood crested on the back 1. T.ixioidea. Middlc iobo of thc hood suiooth on the bark 2. T. canaliculata. llood witli 1 entire or bilid lobe bctween the penicinate oncs, usually longcr tlian theui, broad and concave. Hood deiisely crested on the back. Leaf very broadly lan- ceolate 3. T. crinita. Hood smooth on the back. Leaf lincar or iincar laiiccolatc. 'J'all robust plant. Lcavcs usually rathcr broad. Jliddle lobe of thc hood usually '2fid and papiilose-denticulate . 4. T. aristata. Plant usually slendcr, with iiarrow leavcs. Middle lobe of the hood scarcely notchcd and entire b. T. longifolia. Hood with the 2 extreme lateral lobes cristate, but without tufts of cilia. Flowers yellow, oftcn spotted with purpte. Leaf villous, broad. Middle lobe of the hood undividcd, cris- tate at the end, and a transvcr.se crest inside at the base . . &. T. villbsa. Leaf glabrous, narrow. iliddle lobe of the houj 3-fid without the internal crest 7. T. tigrina. Hood deeply fringed with linear lobes, with a club-shaped appen- dage 011 the back. Flowers yellow or brown. Dorsal appendage of the hood crested at the end. Perianth- segments narrow-lauceulate 8. T. stellata. Dorsal appendage of the hood smooth tubercular or notched at the end. Perianth-segments broadly lanceolate 9. T. fusco-lutea. Sect. 2. Macdonaldia. — Column-ioing hroadly produced hehiiid the anther, hiit fnuch shorter than it, and not hoodshaped. Slcndcr Jiexuose herhs, with the hahit of T. antennifera. Two extreme lateral lobes of thc truncate column-wing prominent and denticulate or fringed. Flowers pink 10. T. carnea. Column-wing broadly truncate, slightly sinuate, biit the lobes scarcely prominent. Flowers yellow 11. T.flexuosa. Sect. 3. Biaurella. — Column-ioing not produced behind the anther, but with 2 prominent erect lafcral lohes as long as or longer than the anther, and often connected by a short crest hehind it. Habit of T. carnea. Flowers yellow. Lateral lobes of the column long, erect, and spathulate 12. T. antennifera. Habit nearly of T. cariiea. Flowers deep-coloured (purple or red ?) Lateral lobes of the column oblong, erect, curved, denticulate, not spathulate. Leaf-sheaths glabrous \A. T. IlacmUlani. Leaf-sheaths pubescent 14. T. variegata. Habit of T. ixioides. Flowers blue. Lateral lobes of the column longer than the anther, involute . 15. T. venosa. Lateral lobes of the column not exceeding the anther, oblong or lanceolate, convolute or tbickened 16. T. cyanea. Sect. 1. CucuLLARiA. — Column-wing" produced beliind and beyond tlie anther into a broad hood over it, variously lobed or fring-ed at the top. 1. T. ixioides, S/v. in K. Akad. Stoclih. Ilandl. 1800, 228, t. 3 L, and in Schrud. Neu. Journ. 58, t. 1 L. Stem usually above 1 ft. high, with 1 318 cxx. ORCHiDE^. [Thelymitra. long- linear or linear-lanceolate flat or channelled leaf, and 1 or 2 shorter ones, and several iiowers pedicellate in a raceme of 4 to 6 in., but lilce several other species very variable in stature and number of flowers, sometimes slender with 1 or 2 flowers like the var. pancifiora of T. lontfi- foUa. Sepals petals and labellum elliptical-oblong-, 9 to 10 lines long- in the common Port Jackson variety, smaller in others especially tlie western ones. Column about 2 lines long-, the broad wing- extendinj^ bcliind and beyond the anther, shortly adnate to it at the base, and forming- a broad hood over it with 2 lateral lobes at the angles shortly linear erect and bearing- a dense tuft of white ciHa, and 3 rather shorter lobes between them, all truncate and denticulate, and the central one with a crest of several rows of dorsal calli. Anther produced into an incurved point much long-er than the rostellum. — Sm. Exot. Bot. i. 55, t. 29; E. Br. Prod. 314; Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 522 ; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 6, t. 103 B ; Reichb. £ Beitr. ? ; T. iridioides, Sieb., and T. junci/olia, Lindl. l.c. ; T. lilacina, F. Muell., referred by Lindl. in Linniiea xxvi. 242 to T. canalicidata. Queensland. Archer's station, Moreton bay, Leiclihardt. N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown, Sieber, n. 168, Woolls, and others ; New England, C. Stuart ; southward to Twofold bay, F. Mueller. Victoria. E. Gipps Land, Walter; near Brighton, rare, i''. Mueller. Tasmania. Abundant throughout the Colony, J. I>. Hoohr, and others. W. Aiistralia. Swan river, Drummond, Maxwell; Upper Kalgan river, Monje- rup and Peronjerup, F. Mueller ; Lal* &nga,s, MArtJmr ; Mudgee, Wuolls ; on the Murrumbidgee, Nolan. Victoria. Fort Phillip, Gunn, F. Mueller ; Weudu Vale, Bohertson ; Yarra, Mount Alexander, Mount Abrupt, F. Mueller ; East Gipps' Land, Walter. Dmris.] cxx. ORCHiDE^. 327 Var. minor. Under 1 ft. high, with smaller flowers, the middle lobe of the labellum more rhomboidal. — New England, C. Stuart ; Upper Clarence river, Biley. Var. longlnsima. Lateral scpals at least 3 in. long. — Mudgee, Taylor. I have been unable to ascertain for what reason Smith's name and figure have been ignored by all subsequent writers. 3. D. aurea, Sm. Exot. Bot. i. 15, t. 9. Stems 1 ft. hig-h or more. Leaves uarrow, not very long\ Flowers 2 to 6, yellow or more or less blotched or ting-ed with brown. Petals obovate-oblong or elliptical, 6 to 8 lines long- in the typical form including- the chiw ; lateral sepals rather long-er, more or less dilated above the middle ; dorsal sepal shorter than the petals, broad and embracing- the column at its base, the ovate upper portion more open. Labellum as long" as the dorsal sepal, divided to the base, the middle lobe very broad, ccntracted atthe base, the lateral lobes much shorter, broadly falcate, often undulate- toothed, the disk with 2 raised long-itudinal plates ending- usually in small teeth at or below the middle of the himina. Lateral lobes of the cohimn falcate, obtuse, sometiraes irregularly toothed, the wings almost continuous at the base with the raised lines of the labellum. — R. Br. Prod. 315 ; Lindl Gen. and Sp. Orch. 509; F. Muell. Frag-m. v. 172; Reichb. f. Beitr. 11 ; D. spathulata, Sw. in Schrad. Neu. Journ. i. 60; Z>. oeulata, F. MuelL Frag-m. v. 173, partly ? Queensland. Gainsford, Bowman? Wr. S. 'Wales. Port Jackson, B. Brown, Woolls ; Port Stephens, Lady Parry ; New Engbmd, C. Stuart ; Clarence river, Wilcox. Var. ohtu^a. Petals broadly ovate or obovate, very obtuse ; dorsal sepal broad. — Hunter's river, iTerJ. Lindley and Hooker ; Port Jackson, Woolls. 4. D. palustris, Lindl. Gcn. and Sp. Orch. 507. Very near J). maculata, but usually a smaller phxnt with liner leaves, the stem rarely much above 6 in. hig-h, bearing* 1 to 4llowers blotched withyellow andpurple, but the dark colour prevaiHng-. Lateral sepals long-er and sometimes twice as long- as the petals, usually 6 to 8 lines long- ; petals ovate or oblong' tapering" into the claw ; dorsal sepal rather shorter than the petals, ovate, very obtuse. Labellum still shorter, 3-lobed at some distance from the base, the lateral lobes large, but not quite so long* as the broad emarg-inate middle lobe ; the longitudinal raised lines pro- minent between the lateral lobes, usually dying- olf gradually on the middle lobe near the base of its lamina. — Hook. f. FL Tasm. ii. 7. Victoria. Wendu Vale, Bobertson ; Mount Alexander, F. Mueller ; Burra-Burra, Hinteracker ; Ararat, Green. Tasmania. ilarshy ground near Hobarton, Circular Head, &c., Gunn, and others. 5. Australia. Onkaparinga, Whiltaker; Bugle Barossa and Lofty ranges, F. Mueller ; York Peninsula, Bowler. 5. D. maculata, Sm. E.vot. Bot. i. 57, t. 30. Rather a small slender species, usually under 1 ft. hig-h. Leaves narrow. Flowers on long- pedicels, yellow, much spotted or blotched with brown or purple and sometimes almost entirely dark-coloured except the yellow centre of the petals, under ^ in. long'. Dorsal sepal erect rig-id and embracing' the column at the base, ovate-oblong- and very open at the top ; lateral 328 cxx, ORCHiDEiE. [Diuris. sepals at length recurved, narrow, rarely exceedin^ tlie petals ; petals ovate, on a lonf^- rip-id dark-coloured claw. Labellum shorter than the dorsal sepal 3-lobed froni above the base, the lateral lobes hirue and usuallj as long- or nearly as long- as the broad middle lobe, the 2 raised lines of the disk ending- usually in prominent ang'les or teeth a little above the base of the middle lobe. Lateral lobes of the cohmin often toothed.— R. Br. Prod. 315; Bot. Maj--. t. 3150; LindL Gen. and Sp. Orch. 507; Hook. f. n. Tasm. ii. 6, t. 104 B ; Reichb. £ Beitr. 11 ; D. pardina and D. curvifolia, LindL Gen. and Sp. Orch. 507. Queensland. Rockhampton, Tkozet. N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, li. Bvoivn,. fiieher, n. 165, and many others ; New Enphmd, C. fStuart ; southward to Twofold bay, F. Mveller. Victoria. ^Vendu Vale, Rohertson; Port Phillip, Gunn ; Forest Creek, Sealer's Cove, F. Mueller ; Grampians, Fisher. Tasmania, Very abundant in pastures and loose foreBts throuejhout the colony, /. D. liooker. 5. Australia. Bugle Barossa and Lofty ranges, F. Mueller ; York Peninsula, Foider. Var. concolor. Flowers yellow, not at all or scarcely spotted. — D. ceqvalis, F. Muell. Herb.— Port Jackson, Woolls, Fit-^fjerahl ; Eiclilands, M- Artlair .—T\nii forui closcly resembles the western D. pauciflora, except in tbe twn raised lines of the la- bcllum. It may possibly be Bauer's D. pauciflora from Port Jackson, cited by lieichb. f. Beitr. 13. 6. D. pedunculata, li. Br. Prod. 316. Stems 6 to 9 in, hig-h. Leaves several at the base of the stem, usually about half its length, narrow- linear, Flowers 1 or 2, of a pale yellow, often with dark tinges at the base, from ^ to | in. lono-, Petals elhptical, stipitate, about the same length as the linear lateral sepals; dorsal sepal shorter, broad, em- bracing- the cohimn at the base, shortly open at the top. LabeUum longer than the dorsal sepal, 3-lobed at about 1 line above the base, the lateral lobes curved, not broad, often somewhattoothed, about \ tlie length of the ovate-rhomboid middle lobe ; the 2 raised long-itudinal lines far apart, ending" in pubescent calH at the base of the broad part of the middle lobe, the intervening- pubescent centre continued more or less along- the middle of the lobe. — Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 508 ; Hook. f. Fl Tasm. ii. 8, 1. 105 A; F. Muell Frag-m. v. 173 ; Reichb. f. Beitr. 12 ; D. lanccoluta, LindL Lc. ; D. Bchrii, Schlecht, Linnffia, xx. 572. Queensland. Armidale, Ferrott. N. S. 'Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown, Woolls ; in the interior, M'Arthur ; M.icquarrie river and vale of Ciwyd, A. Cunniiujham. Victoria- Wendu Vale, liohertson ; Portland, Melbourne, and many other loca- lities, F. Mucller, and others, to E. Gipps' Land, Walter ; Grampians, Fisher. Tasmania. Abuudant in moist places in many parts of the island, /. D. Hooher, and otlier.s. S. Australia. Mount Gambier to St. Vincent's Gulf, F. Mueller, Behr, and others. Ihis species, with the flower usually pale colourcd and narrow, and easily known by the pubescence of the centre of the labelluui, varies mucb nevertheless in tlie breadth of the several parts of the flower, and in tho raiscd lines or plates of the labellum, wbich Bometimes end in broad pubescent calli separated by the broad base of the central pubescence of the laniina, sometimes are much roundcd, incurved at the end, almost mettiDg, the puLesceut cenirc of the lamiua vcry narrosv. 'J he lattcr form charactcrizes Diuris.] CXX. ORCHIDEiE. 329 the D. lanceolata, Lindl. ; but I have found maiiy intermediates with slight differences in other charactors variousl}' combined. 7. D. pallens, Bnith. A small plant, very nearly alliod to D. pedun- ciilaffi, l)ur (listiuct as far as I am able to judt;'e from driod specimens in several particulars. Flowers smaller, rarely ^ in. lon^-, the lateral sepals scarcely Lerbaceous or quite as petal-like and about as long- as the petals ; the dorsal sepal much shorter, Labellum as long- as the petals, 3-lobed from above the base as in D. pcdunculata, but the lateral lobes still smalh^r in proportion than in that species, the raised lines or phxtes of the disk converging- and ending in a single line along- the lamina, but fringed with small calli instead of being pubescent or ciliate. W. S. Wales. Xew England, C Stuart. 8. D. abbreviata, F. Mudl. Herh. Habit rather more of D. mamdata than of D. pcdunculata, to both of which this species is allied. Leaves rather narrow. Flowers pale-coloured when dry, more or less blotched, usually several in a loose raceme, the pedicels long- and the rhachis often remarkably tlexuose. Petals oval-oblong, on very long- slender claws ; lateral sepals rather longer, narrow-linear and herbaceous; dorsal sepal scarcely so h)ng' as the hibellum, erect and embracing the cokimn at the base, oval-oblong and open in the upper part. Labellum 3-lobed from above the base, the lateral lobes small, trianguhar or lan- ceolate, falcate ; the middle lobe much longer, broad but much con- tracted at the base, the disk with 2 very prominent raised lines or plates ending a little beyond the base of the broad part of the middle lobe, quite smooth and glabrous. Lateral lobes of the column acute, entire or denticulate, the wings continuous in front with the raised lines of the labellum. Queensland. Armidale, Perroft ; Darling Downs, Law ; also a specimeu from Pori J)Ouen, niarked D. duhia, in Herb. 1! I'ro\vn, appears to be this species. N. S. Wales. New England, C. Stuart. 9. D. setacea, B. Br. Prod. 31G. Stems under 1 ft. high. Leaves usually very narrow-Iinear or filiforra and rather short. Flowers 1 to 3, yellow and most frequently with a few purple spots or blotches at least at the base of the labellum and sometimes as much spotted as in D. viaculata, but occasionally wholly yellow and very variable in size, from under | in. to nearly | in. long. Lateral sepals about as long- as or rather longer than the elliptical petals ; dorsal sepal and labellum about equal in length and from | to f that of the ])etals. Labellum ;i-Iobed from very little above the base, the lateral lobcs broad, about lialf as long as the middle one, the jjlate or lunuitudinal line along the centre niuch raised and deeply furrowed, furiuing on tlie claw cf the middle lobe a double keel merging- into a single one on tlie broad part uf the lo])e, the labellum being thus characterized as bicarinate by Hrown and unicariuate by Lindley. Lateral lobes of the culumu narrow acute, as long- as the anther.— Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 508 ; Keichb. f. Beitr. 12 ; D. fiUfoUa, Lindl. Swan Riv. App. 51, t. 8 B ; Gen. aud Sp. 330 cxx. ORCHiDE^. [Diuris. Orch. 510, Endl. in Pl. Preiss. ii. 11 ; D. carinata, Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 610; Endl. l.c. W. Australia. King George's Sound and adjnining districts, B. Brown, and nianj others ; and thence to Swan river, Drummond, Ist coll. n. 842, 843, Mi coU. n. 323, Oklfield, and others ; eastward tn Esperance bay, Cape Le Grand and Cape Arid, Maxwell. — 1 have not seen Preiss's specimens, but there is very little doubt of their Laving been rightly referred to this species, readily recognised by its foliage. 10. D. emarginata, R. Br. Prod. 316. Allied to D. setacea, but a stouter and taller ])lant, usually 1 to 2 ft. hig-h. Leaves narrow-linear hut not subulate, the empty sheathing- bracts long- and broad. Flowers several, distant from each other in a loose raceme, but on erect pedicels, larger than in D. setacea. Lateral sepals | to 1 in. long- ; petals rather shorter, elHptical, contracted into a short claw ; dorsal sepal shorter than the sepals, firm at the base and embracing- the column, open at the top. Labelhim as long as the dorsal sepal, the lateral lobes broad, en- tire or toothed, from ^ to |- as long- as the middle lobe, and the double raised plate or keel merging' into a single one on the himina of the middle lobe as in D. setacea. — Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 508 ; Reichb. f. Beitr. 12 ; D. Dnimmondii, LindL Swan Riv. App. 51, Gen. and Sp. Orch. 511. "W. Australia, King George's Sound, B. Brown; Lake Muir, Midr ; Gordon, Tone, Kalgan, Vasse rivers, Ohlfield; Swan river, Drummond, \st colL, and perhaps also Murchison river, Oldfield, the specimen very imperfect. D. laxifiora, Lindl. Swan Kiv. App. 51, Gen. and Sp. Orch. 510, frora Swan river, Drummond, ajipears to rue to be a ratlier slender drawn-up state of D. emarglnata, but the speciniens are not perfect enongh for exaniination. I have not seen those of Preiss named D. laxiflora by Endl. in Pl. Preiss. ii. IL R. Brown evidently derived his name from an emargination of the petals and sepals, ■wLicli he fully describes in his notes, biit of which I can tind no trace in the speciniens of his herbarium labelled as D. emarginata, of the Piodromus. Probably the eniargi- nation was accidental in the specimen described on the spot ; the diied specimens agree in every other respect with his description, as well as with Drummond's described by Ijindiey, although here asin D.setacea Lindley regarded the labellum as unicarinate, Brown as bicariuate. 11. D. sulphurea, D. Br. Prod. 316. Stature and habit very much those of D. aitrea, from which this species is difficult to disting-uish with- out examination of the flowers. Leaves usually rather broader than m that species. Flowers 2 to 5, yellow, alraost always blotched with purple at least at the base of the petals. Dorsal sepal about h in. long-, em- bracing- the column at the base, narrow ovate and open upwards, lateral sepals long-er but not very long-, often reilexed, petals also longer than the dorsal sepaL Labellum 3-lobed from the base as in D. aurea, but shorter than the dorsal sepal ; Lateral lobes broad, several-nerved and more or less undulate-tootlied ; middle lobe at least twice as long-, very broad but the sides closely rellexed, the disk with a sing-le raised Hne along- the centre g-radually dying- oti^' above the middle of the Limina. Lateral lobes of the column acute, quite entire, as long as the anther; the wing-s joining- at the base in the front of the column and continuous with the central keel of the labellum.— LindL Gen. and Sp. Orch. 509; Biuris.] cxx. orchide^. H31 Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 7, t. 104 A; Reichb. f. Beitr. 12; D. oculata, F. Muell. in Linncea, xxvi. 241. N. S. Wales, Towards Gcorgc's river, R. Broxcn; Port Jackson and Bathurst, Wo ill< ; New England, C. Stuart. Victoria. Gltnelg river, liohcrlson; Port Pbillip, Gunn, F. Mueller; Little river, Fulla^/er. Tasmania. Common in many parts ot' the colony, /. D. Hooker, and others. S. Australia. Mount Ganibier, F. MueUer. The Victorian plant originally described by F. Mueller as D.oculata, is certainly the D. sulphvrea, with the labcUum shorter than the dorsal sepal, and with a single central ridge. The very simihir D. uureu is, liowcver, in several collectioiis undor tlie name of D. oculata, F. ilueil., and is piobably the one describcd under that name in the Frag- menta, v. 173, with the doubie keel or 2 iougitudinal plates on the labellum. 12. D. longifolia, B. Br. Prod. 316. Stems from under 1 ft. to considerablj above tbat beitilit. Leaves Unear, narrow ov broad, one often but not always very long-. Flowers usually 3 to 5, variable in size l)ut usually larg-e and dark-coloured wben dry, described wben fresh as purple and butl'. Petals oval or oblong--elliptical often | in. lon^ including- tbe claw ; lateral sepals as long-^ linear or dilated above tbe middle ; dorsal sepal mucb sborter and very broad. Labellum as long as tbe dorsal sepal, 3-lobed from tbe base ; lateral lobes nearly as long as the middle one, very broadly cuneate and curved or obliquely ob- ovate, entire ; middle lobe contracted into a claw, with a faintly promi- nent raised line along- tbe centre. — Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orcb. 509 ; Reichb. f. Beitr. 14 ; D. porH/ulia, Lindl. Swan Riv. App. 51, Gen. and Sp. Orch. 511; Endl. in Pl. Preiss. ii. 12; D. coi-ymbosa, Lindl. ll.cc. ; Hook. f. FI. Tasm. ii. 7, t. 105 B ; F. Muell. Fragm. v. 172. Victoria. Wendu Vale, Rohertson; QueensclifF, F. Mueller ; Porthmd, AlVtt ; Grampians, Fisher ; E. Gipps' Land, Walter. Tasmania. Port D;ilrymple, R. Broion; common in the northern parts of the isLind, J. D. Hoolcer, and otliers. S. Australia. Mnunt Gambier, and aronnd St. Vincent's Gulf, F. Mueller. W. Australia. Kiiig George's Sound, Menzies, Harvey, and others ; thence to Vasse and Swan rivers, Drummond, Ist coll. n. 841 ; Freiss, n. 2195; and others ; Murchison river, OUIfieid ; eastward to Bremer bay, Maxwell. In some of the AVestern specimens {D. corymhosa), Lindl., the flowers are larger and the petals and labellum-lobes broader thau in the Tasmanian and Victorian ones, in others quite as small or smaller. 13. D. pauciflora, B. Br. Prod. 316, A slender plant of 6 in. to 1 ft. resembling- at tirst sight the var. concolor of D. maculata. Leaves very narrow, but not cpiite so fine as in D. setacca. Flowers 1 to 3, yellow or the petals and labellum with a purple base. Petals ovate, about I in. long, including the very sbort claws ; lateral sepals not re- flexed, linear but ratber broader than in most species ; dorstil sepal shorter. Labellum as long- as or ratlier lonu-er tban tbe dorsal sepal, 3-lobed from tlie btise, the lateral lobes not balf as long as tbe middle lobe, witli a single central raised line not reaching to balf tbe length of the labellum. — Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 510; Reichb. f. Beitr. 13. VT. Australia. King George's Sound, R. Brown, who gathered several specimens, 332 cxx. ORCHiDEJE. [Diuris, but I have not seen it in any other collection. Bauer's Port Jackson plant of the same name, referred to by Eeichb. f., l.c, is probably the yellow variety of £>. maculata. 31. ORTHOCEEAS, R. Br. Dorsal sepal erect, incurved, hood-shaped ; lateral sepals narrow- linear, long- and erectj petals short, erect, narrow. Lal)ellum 3-lobed, the middle lobe larg-er and contracted at the base, a thick callus on tbe disk between the lateral lobes. Column very short, with lateral erect lobes not connected bebind the anther. Anther erect or slig-htly in- curved, tapering- to the end, the 2-valved cells occupying- tbe wbole inner face. Pollen-masses granular or mealy. Rostellum very short. — Terrestrial g'labrous herb, with an ovoid tuber, few narrow leaves, and several sessile ilowers. The genus is limited to the single Australian species, found also in New Zealand. 1. O. strictum, E. Br. Prod. 317. Stem rig-id, erect, 1 to l^ ft. big'h. Leaves several near tbe base, linear, 3 to 6 in. long, or one or two outer ones short and lanceolate, and 2 or 3 long* sheaths with sliort erect lamina? above the leaves. Flowers distant, erect, in an interrupted spike, tbe subtending- bracts sheathing-, acute, sometimes scarcely ex- ceeding- the ovary, sometimes mucb long-er than the dorsal sepal. Dorsal sepal broad and very concave, mucb incurved, acute or obtuse, about -j in. long-, gTeenish or wbite outside, brown purple or j^ellowish inside ; lateral sepals antenna-like, slig-btly clavate, f to nearly 1 in. long- j petals thin, not 2 lines long-, truncate notched or toothed at the end. Labellum 3 to 4 lines long-, the lateral lobes broad and oblique, the middle lobe twice as long- and ovate, tbe callus between tbe lateral lobes broad and prominent, but variable in sbape. Lateral lobes of tlie column often nearly as long- as the petals. — Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 512 ; Reicbb. f Beitr. 14 ; 0. Sohmdri, Lindl. I.c. ; Diuris Novce-Ze- landi(e, A. Ricb. Fl. Novffi Zel, 103, t. 25. _W. S. Wales. Port Jackson to the Blue Mountains, R. Broivn, A. and R. Cun- nini/ham, Woolls, and others, but said to be very rare; towards lllawarra, A. Cun- niiigham. Victoria. Dandenong, F. Mueller; Glenelg valley, Rohertson. S. Australia. !St. Vincenfs Gulf, F. Muell, Bchr; Spencer's Gulf, Wilhelmi. The New Zealaud plant does not appear to me to differ iu the slightest particular. 32. CRYPTOSTYLIS, R. Br. Flowers reversed. Sepals and petals nearly similar, narrow linear- lanceolate, tbin and membranous, convolute and appearing- subulate "wben the tiower opens, the petals usually smaller than the sepals. La- bellum long-er and thicker tban the sepals, undivideJ, sessile with a broad base enclosing- the column, more or less contracted above tbe column, extended into a narrow or broad convex or concave laniina. Culumn exceeding'ly short, the wing-s forming- broad distinct auricles or connected intu a membrane behind tbe anther, the mar"-in toothed or Cryptostylis.] cxx. ORCHiDEiE. 333 jas-f^ed. Anther erect ap-ainst the back of the sti^^ma or l)ent forward over it, 2-celletl, usuall}'' biconvex on the back, obtuse or sliortly acumi- nate. Pollen-masses farinaceous. — Terrestrial <;-labrous hcrbs, with a short rhizome and thick fibres. Leaves few, radical, on ripid petioles, ovate to hmceohite. Flowering- stems leafless, ])earing' 2 or more erect sheathing- scales or em])ty bracts. Flowers rather larg-e, gTeen with a brown red or purple labeUum, several in a terminal raceme. Bracts acute, membranous. Besides the Anstralian species, which are all endemic, thero are two or three in E. InHa and the Archipeiacjo. The tjonns is nearly allicd to Calochilus, ditfering in the rhizome and foliagc, and in the hibeilum not fringed. Labelhnn h\niina convex with rellexed sides when fully out, the disk with a double raised line dihited into 2 prominent thick lobes near tlie i-nd. Anther bent forward, with the columu wings con- nected behind it. Leaves oblong or lanceolate. Eastern species 1. C. longlfolia. Leaves ovate or broadly oblong. Western species 2. C. ovata. Labelium lamina concave. Anther nearly erect, the column-wings or aiiricles not connected behind it. Labclium ianiina very broad, with a broad membranous longi- tudinal vertical plate 3. C erecta. Labellum lamina iinear, without any longitudinal plate or raised line 4. C. leptochila. 1. C. longifolia, 7?. Br. Prod. 317. Leaves usually 2 or 3, on rather rig-id petioles of 1 to 3 in. the lamina oblong' or lanceolate, 2 to 4 in. long- and erect. Scape 1 to 2 ft. hig-h, bearing* 2 or more distant sheathing- scales of about ^ in. Flowers usually 3 to 0, rather distant, nearly sessile within membranous acute bracts, the ovary narrow, long-er than the bract, much recurved at the end after flowering-. Sepals and petals very thin and membranous, their lanceolate shape only seen in the bud for the margins are rolled inwards the moraent the flowers expand; dorsal sepal usually about | in. long-, the hiteral sepals rather long-er, the petals shorter, but all otherwise similar and acute. Labelhim usually about 1 in. long-, scarcely contracted above the short broad base which completely encloses the column and has no internal raised Hnes, the lamina broadly oblong- or ovate-oblong-, the sides convolute in the bud but reflexed when the flower opens exposino* two raised Hnes forming* a double keel along- the centre, which com- mences immediately above the broad base and expands a Httle below the end into 2 thick prominent rounded auricles or h)bes, and tapers beyond them ahnost to the end of the himina wliich is obtuse or siiortly acuminate ; there are also in the niickUe of the labeUuni 1 or 2 additional short raised Hnes parallel to the two principal ones, the disk veined but not so strong-ly as in C. erccta. Anthor bent for- ■ward, abnost hood-shaped, with a smaU dorsal recurved point near the apex. Column-wing- broad short and irreg-uhirly h)bed toothed or jag-g^ed, shortly continuous behind tbe anther. — LindL Gen. and Sp. Orch. 445; Bauer, lU. Orch. Gen. t. 17, 18; EndL Iconogr. t. 17; Hook. f. FL Tasm. ii. 9, t. 108 A ; Malaxis subulata, LabiU. PL Nov. HoU. ii. 62, t. 212; Cryptosti/lis subulata, Reichb. f. Beitr. 15. 334 cxx. ORCHlDEiE. [Cryptostylis. Queensland. Glasshouse Mountains, F, Mueller. N. S. ^Vales. Port Jackson, E. Brown, Harvey, Woolls ; Hastings river, Biclder ; Tweed river, C. Moore ; M'Leay river, Fitzgerald ; Pennant Hills, A. Cun- niiu/Jia/n ; Aslifield, Bamsatj ; Waneroo, Mrs. Calvert. Victoria. Pmtlaiid, Dandenong, Bunip Creek, Snowy river, &c., F. Miieller. Tasmania. Port Dalrymple, B. Brown ; Circular Head, Guiin ; Port Sorell, Ganetts Sugarloat', Meamler river, Archer ; Oyster Cove, Milligan ; Souihport, C. Stuart ; N. Huon river, Olilfield. Labillardiere having placed the species in a genus ■with which it has no con- nexion, there seems to be no sufficient reason for substituting his Bpeeific name foiinded upon the apparent not upon the real shape of the sepals and petals, Ibr the one so gene- rally adopted. 2. C. ovata, B. Br. Prod. 317. Habit inflorescence and flowers of C. lonfjifulia, from wliich tliis species is scarcely to be disting-uished ex- cept by the larj^er broader leaves more strong-ly ribbed, resembling those of Alisvia plantago, varying- from ovate to oblong- and 3 to 6 in. long-. Labellum the same as in C. longifolia, or the raised central lines rather closer tog-ether, and the lobes near the end perhaps more promi- nent and uarrower, not difterent however from those represented in the fio-ure of C. longifoUa in the Fl. Tasm. — Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 445 j Reichb. f. Beitr. 15 ; Endl. in Pl. Preiss. ii. 11. ^V. Australia. King George's Sonnd, B. Brown; Stirh"ng Range, Maxwell, F. Mueller; towards Swau river, Drummond, A. C. Gregory ; Hampden, Clarke. 3. C. erecta, R. Br. Prod. 317. Closely resembling; C. longifolia in habit leaves, inilorescence and perianth, but usually rather smaller in stature, the ovary less recurved at the end and the hibenum and column very diflferent. Labellum much contracted immediately above the broad base enclosing- the column, the lamina very broadly ovate and obtuse, deeply concave, membranous with a few dark veins very conspicuous in the dried state, and a vertically broad longitudinal membranous and veined plate along- the centre occupying- a great part of the length of the lamina. Column-wing- expanded into 2 broad denticulate or jagged lateral lobes, not connected behind the anther, which is more erect than in C. longifolia and shortly rostrate. — Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 446; Reichb. f. Beitr. 15; F. MuelL Fragm. vii. 115. N. S. Wales. Port Jackson to the Bhie Mountains, B. Brown, Caley, A. Cun- ningliam, Woolls, Daintrec, Miss AtJcinson, Fitzgerald. 4. C. leptochila, F. Mxiell. Herh. More slender than the other species, our specimens 6 in. to 1 ft. high, with smaller flowers in a rather dense raceme. Leaf ovate on a short petiole. Perianth of C. longifolia but shorter. Labellum with the short broad base of the other species, abruptly contracted above it into an oblong-linear rather thick chan- nelled lamina of -1 in. ; a thick longitudinal raised line or plate along the centre of the broad base (which is veined only in the other species) ceases at the contraction, and the lamina has only two rows or inter- rupted lines of scarcely prominent calU or dark thick spots (at least in the specimen examined). Column-wing with 2 broad denticulate lobes interrupted behind the nearly erect anther as in C. erecta. Cryptostylis.] CXX. ORCHIDE^. 335 N. S. Wales. Springwood, R. Cunningham, a single specimen ; Kurrajong, Jilra. Calvcrt, two small specimens. 33. PRASOPHYLLUM, R. Br. Flowers reversed. Dorsal sopal lanceolate or broad, concave, usually arcbed over tbe column and soniotimes adnate to it at tbe base ; lateral sepals as long- or kmg-er, hinceobite or linear, free or more or less unitodj petals usually sborter but sometiuies as b)ng' as tbe sepals, hinceolate or linear, Labellum sessile or on a sbort cbiw or claw-like basal appendage to tbe column, ovate oblong- or lanceolate, undivided, tbe margins undulate-crisped or entire, usually erect and concave at tbe base, recurved towards tbe end, tbe disk witb an adnate plate sometimes broad witb free margins, sometimes reduced to a central long-itudinal tbickening-. Column very sbort, not winged, but witb 2 lateral erect appendages, usually adnate on one side to tbe stig-ma. Antber 2-ceIIed, erect bebind tbe rostellum, wbicb is often produced beyond it, but sometimes sborter tban tbe antber. PoIIen-masses granular, attacbed to a linear caudicle. — Terrestrial glabrous berbs witb g-lobular or ovoid undergTound tubers. Loaf solitary, usually witb a long- sbeatb, tbe lamina terete and sometimes long, sbortly opened near tbe stem, or the wbole leaf reduced to a small sbeath witb a sbort erect point. Flowers variously coloured, often pale or g-reenisb yellow, several or numerous in a terminal spike, usually abruptly bent above the ovary so as to appear very spreading- or reilexed. Besii^es the Australian species there are three in New Zealand, one of them appa- rently identical with an Australian one. The habit of the genus and many of its characters are those of Microtis, irom which it difters iii the reversed flowers, tlie more developed lateral appendages to the column (sometimes described as staminodia), and by the elongated caudicle of the poUen-masses which in Microtis is very small or obsolete. The lateral sepals in two or three instances have been described as 2-dentate. I have never found them so, and beheve the error to have arisen either from a slip of tha pen referring to lateral sepals instead of the lateral appendages of the column, or the writer to have meant the lip composed of tlie two combiued laleral sepals. Sect. 1. Euprasophyllum. — Labellum sessile at the base of the column. Flowers mostly above 3 lines long. Ovary elongated, narrow. Tall plants. Lateral sepals connate at least in the middle. Labellum with a broad gibbous thickish base, the inner phite broad, prominent, scarcely reaching beyond the bind. Leafiamina long 1. p. auatrale. Labeilum witli a rather narrow but obtuse base, the inner plate broad, but commencing oniy about the middle. Leal-lamina very short and erect 2. P.flavum. Labellum slightly contracted at the base, the inner piate covering the greater part of the surface with its broad detached margins. Leaf-lamina long 3. P. elatum. Flowers mostly above 3 hnes long. Ovary obovoid or oblong. Lateral sepals tonnate, at least in tlie middle. Labellum abruptly bent down in the middle. Eastem species 4. P. brevilabre. Labellum gradually curved. Western species . . . b. F. hians. 386 CXX. OHCHlDEiE. [Prasophyllim. Lateral sepals free or tery shortly connate at the base. Labellnm obtuse at tbe base or slightly contracted but not gibbous. Eastern species. Labelhim witli the ncurveil end ovate or oblong, un- dulate, mnch broader thati the thickened inner plate 6. P. patem. Labellum witli tlie recurved end lincarlanceolate, not mnch broader than the thick inner plate .... 7. P.fmcum. Labellum with a gibbous base protruding betwcen the hateral sepals. Western species 8. P. cyphochilunt. Flowers uuder 3 lines long. Otary narruw-oblong. Slender Western species with numerons flowers. Sepals and petals linear, all nearly equal 9. P. ovale. Lateral sepals subulate, twice as long as the petals . . . 10. P. macrostachyum. Sect. 2. Podochilus. — Labellum ohtvse at the ha-se, on a short distinct horizontal claw, but continuous with it and the hase of the cotumn. Lateral sepals not sa^cate at the base, usually connate Inner plate of the labellum deeply and copiously fringed on the margin. Tall Western species 11. P. Fimhria. Inner plate of the labellum entire. Small Eastern species . 12. P. striatum. Lateral sepals saccate at the base. Western species. Lateral sepals adnate at the base to the basal projection of the column, othcrwise free 13. P. parvifolium. Lateral sepals connate, the saccate base enclosing tbe basal projection of tlie column but free from it. Flowers under 2.^ lines. Sepals and petals of nearly uni- form colour and mostly obtuse 14. JP. gibhosum, Flowers 3 lines long. Lateral sepals broad and wbite, contrasting with the deep-coloured acute dorsal sepal and petals 15. P. cucullatum. Sect. 3. Genoplesitim. — Lahellum ohtuse or contracted into a clavo at the base, articulate on a horizunial claw-lihe basal projection of the column, and usually move- able. iStem slender, the leaf almost or quite redv^ed to a sheathing bract. Flowers very small. Labellum neither fringed nor ciliate. Lateral sepals broad, very gibbous at the base. Labellum broad. Eostellum as long as tbe anther 16. P. nigricans. Latcral sepals narrow, scarcely gibbous. Labellum narrow. Culumn shorter than the antlier. RostcUum very short. Flower dark coloured, about 1 line long 17. P. rufum. Column as long as or b)nger than the anthers. Rostel- lum half as Inng as the anthers. Lateral appendages of the column 2-fid or 2-dentate. Flowers pale, nearly 2 lines long 18. P. brachystachyum. Lateral appendages of the column entire and loug, Flowers dark-coloured, 1| liues long 19. P. deapectans. Labellum ciliate or iringed. Labellum oblong. fringed in the upper half with long hairs. Lateral sepals gibbous at the base. Lateral sepals 2 to 2^ lines. Labellum equal or dilated towards the end 20. P.fimbriatum. Lateral sepals nearly 3 lines. Labellum tapering towards the end 21. P. Archeri. Labellum broadly ovate, fringed or ciliate with long hairs. Lateral sepals not gibbous at tbe base 22. P. intricatum. LabeJIum ovate-oblong, bordered with ver^' short cilia. La- teral sepals scarcely gibbous at the base 23. P. Wbollsii. Prnsophyllum.] cxx, orchidrje. -337 Sect. 1. EuPRASopnYLLUM. — Labellum sessile at the base of the column. 1. P. australe, 7?. Br. Prod. 318. Stems often 2 to 3ft. hig-h, the leaf-shoath occupviiii;- about half its leng-th or even more, the himina much shorter than the spike. Flowers " striped with brown and yel- lowish g-reen" in a spike of 3 to 0 in. or rather more. Ovarv elong-ated. Sepals and petals all acutely acuniinate, about 4 lines long-, the dorsal sepal broad and concave, the hateral sepals united in the middle, some- times free at the base and the points alwajs free ; petals broader than in P. elutnm. Labellum sessile, with a broad gibbous somewhat tleshy erect base, abruptly recurved and retlexed in the middle of its length, the marg-ins of the recurved part unduUite, the inner plate very pro- minent, entire or minutely crenulate, scarcely reaching- beyond the bend. Anther obtuse, shorter than the rostellum. Lateral appendag-es of the column adnate to the stig-ma at the base, lanceolate-falcate, obtuse, rather long-er than the rostellum, dihited and sometimes thickened on the outer marg-in.- — Reichb. f. Beitr. 17 ; P. liitescens, Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 5U; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 10, t. 110 B. Victoria. Wet places or in vvater, Portland, Bobertson, Allitt. Tasmania. Adventure bay, NcUon (Herb. R. Broion); Rocky Cape, Gunn ; Flinders island and Oyster Cove, 31ilUgan ; Southport, C. Sluart. 2. P. flavum, i?. Br. Prod. 318. Stems stout, attaining- 2 to 3 ft. the whole phmt drying- very dark, Leaf-sheath rather loose, the lamina rarely 1 in. long-, erect, concave with a very short terete point. Bracts rather broad. Flower of a yellowish g-reen. Ovary elongated. Sepals lanceohite, acute, nearly 4 lines long;, the lateral ones connate the g-reater part of their lengtli ; petals narrower, but nearl}- as bjng-. Labellum ovate-nblong-, sessile, almost g-ibbous concave and erect at the base, recurved towards the end, broader in the middle ; the inner plate commencing- from about tlie middle, the obHque marg-ins joining in the centre and dying- away before the end of the himina. Lateral appendag-es of the column adnate on one side at the base, short and broad, of a thicker texture than those of most species, 2-dentate or 2-lobed at the end. — Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 614; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 11, t. 109 A; Reichb. f. Beitr. 17. N. S. TVales. Port Jackson, R.Brown; Blue Mountains, R. Cunningham ; 'Qex- rima, Miss Cah^ert ; towards Durval, Leichhardt ; New England, ('. iStuart. Tasmania. Cheshunt, Archer ; Oyster Cove, Ililligaa; Huon river, Oldfield; Southport, C. Stuart. 3. P. elatum, 7i', Br. Prod. 318. Stems from under 2 ft, to above 3 ft, big"h, the hmg- leaf-sheath covering- a g-reat part of it, the lamina often long' but very variable, Flowers g-reenish, nearly sessile in a raceme or spike of 4 to 8 in. or even long-er. Ovary elongated. Dorsal sepal and petals lanceolate, very acute, 4 to 5 lines long-, hiteral sepals often rather long-er, connate at least from the middle upwards, the points sometimes also tree. Labellum about as long- as the petals, sessile but not gibbous at the base, ovate-oblong", the marg^ins unduhxte, the inner VOL. VI. Z 338 cxx. ORCHiDE^. [Prasojjhyllum. plate occupying" tbe greater part of tlie surface, its free margins broad, converg-ing- and united a little below tbe apex. Lateral appendages of tbe very sbort column free, bnear-falcate, obtuse, as long- as the anther, the outer margin thickened near tbe base into, an oblong- gland-like prominence. Antber nearly 2 lines long, tbe acuminate rostellum about as long-. — Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 515 ; Reichb. f. Beitr. 16 ; P. mistrale, Lindl. l.c. 514 ; Hook. f Fl. Tasm. ii. 10, not of R. Br. Wr. S. Wales. Port Jackson, E. Brown, Sleher, n. 167, Woolls, and others. Victoria. Port Phillip, F. Mueller ; E. Gipps' Land, F. Mueller, Walter. Tasmania. Circular Head and Rocky Cape, in poor soil, Gunn. S. Australia. Lofty Range and Guichen bay, F. MuelJer. W. Australia. King Georg6's Sound, B. Brown, F. Mueller, and others ; Swan river, Druinuiond, Ist coll. These \Yestem species vary much in the size and depth of colour of the flowers and in the precise shape of the labellum, which is sometimes very broad, sometiiiies njuch narrowed towards the end. They would inchide P. gigavteum and P. macrdijs, Lindl. Swan Riv. App. 54, Gen. and Sp. Orch. 515; P. Brownii, Keichb. f. Beitr. 16; P. Drummondii, Eeichb. f. l.c. 58 and 60, and probably the P. macrotys, Endl. in Pl. Preiss. ii. 12, which I have not seen, The long alraost transparent iateral appendages of the column with a thickened or glaudular margin on the outer base, and the broad plate of the labellum are constant in all the forms. 4. P. brevilabre, Hooh. /. Fl. Tasm. ii. 11, t. 110 A. Allied to P. imtcns in aspect, in tbe size of the tiowers and in tbe ovary, but with the perianth more like tbat of P. elatum. Stems mostly under 1 ft. high, the leaf-sheatb broad and loose, the lamina usually but not always ratber short. Ovary obovoid or oblong, narrower than in P. patens, but mucb shorter than in P. elatum. Dorsal sepal under 4 lines long- ; petals rather shorter narrow and acuminate ; lateral sepals longer and broader than the dorsal one, united almost to the end. Labellum sessile, the erect part rather narrow, the oblong lamina of the lengtb of the erect part, but abruptly reHexed against it so as to give a very short appearance to the whole labellum ; the margins mucb undubite ; the inner plate commencing" from the base, nearly as broad as the erect part, and continued very shortly on to the rellexed lamina. Lateral appendag-es of tbe column adnate to tbe stig-ma rather bigh up, entire, the outer marg-in witbout any appendage. Queensland. Archer's station, Moreton bay, Leichhardt. N. S. 'Wales. Hastings river, Beckler. Victoria. Moe swamps, F. Mueller ; E. Gipps' Land, Walter. Tasmania. RockyCape, Gunn; Southport, 0. Stuart. 5. P. hians, Petchh.f. Beitr. 59, 01. Stem 0 in. to ] ft. hig-b, tlie leaf-sbeath loose. Flowers " whitish" or " of a reddish green" rather larger than in P. patcns, in a rather dense spike. Sepals about 4 lines long-, the lateral ones united almost to the apex, very tbin and whitisb near their Hne of junction ; petals at least as long* as tbe sepals and more dilated tban in most other species. Labellum sessile, rather broad at the base but not gibbous, recurved above the middle, the margins undulate, tbe inner plate much narrower forming- a long-i- tudinal central thickening, ending- at the bend or a little beyond it Prasophyllum.] XX. ohchide^. 339 in a tliick papillose-fring-ed callus. Column rather long-, tlic lateral a]i])('iulaii-es tulnate on one side, falcate, acute, entire. Anther short. W. Australia. Kins George's Souinl, F.Mueller; Haivey river, Oldjhld; also in Dmiiimond's colLction, but our specimeus too nuich injured for positive identification. 0. P. patens, i?. Br. Prod. 318. Stemsusually tall but varying- from 1 to 3 ft., the length of the leaf also very variable. Flowers usually smaller than in P. clatum, hirg-er than in P. fnscum, of a yellowisii greon, the hxbellum bordered w^ith white, but neither the size nor the shade of colour constant. Ovary obovoid or shortly oblong. Sepals lanceohite, acute or obtuse, scarccly 4 lines long-, the lateral ones cjuite free, the petals of the same length but niore obtuse and much more petal-like in consistence. Labellum as long- as the petals, sessile but not gibbous at the base, the erect part not very broad, as long- as the recurved or reHexed portion, which varies from ovate to oblong, or ahnost lanceohite, but always shows a considerable breadth of undulate margin, the inner pkite not very prominent, much narrower than the hibellum and scarcely extending beyond the bend or rarely reaching' nearly to the end. Lateral a])]jendages of the column adnate at the base on one side to the stigma, nearly as long- as the rostellum, the outer margin without the g-htndular prominence of P, elatum, and rarely with a scarcely prominent tooth. Anther rather shorter than the rostellum. — LindL Gen and Sp. Orch. 613; Hook. f Fl. Tasm. ii. 11, t. 111; Reichb. f Beitr. 19. Queensland. Armidale, Perrott. N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, B. Brown, Woolls, and others ; in the interior, Kangas, JPArthur ; Mudgee, Taylor ; New Englaud, C. /Stuart ; southward to Two- fold bay and Murray river, P. Muelltr. Victoria. Wendu Vale, Rohertson ; mouth of the Glenelg, Allitt ; Port Phillip, Gunn ; llelhourne, Cobras niouiitaius, Winimera, F. Mueller. Tasmania. Abundant in muist ground throughout the island, /. D. Hooker and others. S. Australia. From Mount Gambier to St. Vincent's Gulf, F. 3Iueller and many others. P. truncatum, Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 513, Hook. f. FL Tasm. ii. 12, t. 109, dis- tinguished by the sliglitly prominent lateral tooth of the column appendages and by ihe inner piate of the labellum terminating abruptly a little beyond the bend and not dying off on the lamina, does not appear to me to be separable even as a marked variety, for differences in these respects may be observed almost from specimen to specimen. 7. P. fuscum, P. Br. Prod. 318. A very variable species nearly allied to some forms of P. j^atens, usually rather smaller with smaller liowers, and the sepals and petals narrow and darker coloured, but the extreme forms of the two sj)ecies only to be distinguished by the labellum. Spike short or long, dense or interrupted. Ovary obovoid or shortly oblong as in P. pafens. Flowers usually drying black or very dark, rarely pale-coloured. Dorsal sepal lanceolate, concave, acuminate, about 3 lines long in the tyj)ical form. but varying from 2^ to 4 lines; hiteral sepals nearly as long, narrow, free or very shortly connate at the base ; petals rather shorter and linear. Labellum nearly as long' as the sepals, narrower than in P. patens, the erect part very concave, but neither gibbous at the base nor clawed, the spreading- end very- z2 340 cxx. ORCHiDE^. [Prasophyllum. narrow lanceolate ; the inner plate not distinct at the base, showing- slio-htly raised marg-ins towards the end of the erect part and thence continued to near the end of the lamina in a thick often papillose centre, leaving- a very narrow plain marg-in or occupying- the whole breadth ; the breadth however of the erect part and its contraction abrupt or gradual into the narrow lamina very variable. Lateral appendages of the column obhquely ovate-oblong-, entire or irregularly 2-dentate, the outer marg-in often dilated at the base. Anther usually as loug- as the rostellum, obtuse or shortly and obtusely acuminate. — Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 510; Hook. l Fl. Tasm. ii. 1-3, t. 112 ; Reichb. f. Beitr. 18 ; P. alpinuM, R. Br. Prod. 318, Lindl. l.c. 515 ; Hook. £ l.c. ii. 12, 1. 112 ; Reichb. f Beitr. 19; P. affine and P. rostratnm, Lindl. I.c. 516. Queensland. Arclier's station, Moreton bay, Leichhardt. N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, B. Brown; JBathurst, Woolh ; Emu plains, A. Cun- ninqham ; New Englaiid, C. Stuart. Victoria. Poitl.and, Bohertson ; Station Peak, Grampians, Munyong mountains, Gipps' Liind, F. 31ueller ; MuiTay river, Dallachy. Tasmania. 'J'able mouutain (Mount Wellington), B. Broton; Rocky Cape and Hanipsliire hiiis, Milligan. S. Australia. Pine Forest, 5eAr; from various localities on St. Vincent's GulF, F. Mueller. Var. qrandiflorum, flowers 4 to 5 lines long, but with the narrow petals and sepals and peculiar labellum end of P./MSC^im.— Mudgee, Wnolls; Pine Forest, Behr. Botanists are generally agreed in distinguishing two species, but not as to the clia- racters asssigned to them, derived for the most part from tbe examination of specimens few in number or from few localities. With several hundred specimens before me fiom varioiis stations 1 have been unable to sort them into marked varieties, although I ■would not deny that their btudy in a living state may point out niore constant distinc- tions which have escaped me. Brown had only a rather large-flowered PortJackson plant as P. fiiseum and a small-flowered alpine Tasmaiiian plant as F. aljnnnm, without any of the very numerous intermediates. He describcs the lateral sepals of P.fuscum as cohering at the base, those of P. al^nnum as free ; Archer (in Hook. f. 1. c. ii. 1.3) reverses these characters. I have found them almost constantly free, though closely overlapping each other at the hase, rarely .'-hortly connate, and never connate in tlie middle as in P. hrevilahre. Gunn and Hooker find that this partial coniiexion affords no constant cbaracter. Gunn observes that P. alpinum has a strong smell of Hyacinths, and P. fuscum is inodorous. But the Mediterranean Orchis coriophora, for instance, has thiee varieties, a sweet-smelling, a nauseous-smelling, and an inodorons one, which in the fresh state I was unable otherwise to distinguish. The colour of the flower of a dnsky brown-gVeen in P.fuscum, of a light green iiiP. alpinum, appears also to be very inconstant. 8. P. cyphochilum, Benth. Stems 1 to 2 ft. hig-h, Leaf-lamina slender, sometimes short as in P. hrevifoUum, sometimes elongated, Flowers small, pedicellate, "white or pale-yellow." Ovary oblong-- turbinate. Sepals about 2 lines long, the hiteral ones quite free ; petals rather shorter. Labellum sessile, gibbous at the base, forming- a short pouch usually protruding- between the lateral sepals, the erect part very concave, notbroad, tapering- upwards, the recurved portion about half its length and much undulate ; the inner plate reduced to parallel not much raised lines along- the centre. Lateral appendag-es of the cohmm almost free, hnear-falcate, quite entire, scarcely above half as long- as ' the rather long- rostellum. Anther shorter than the rostellum, shortly and obtusely acuminate. Prasophyllum.] cxx. ORCHiDEiE. 841 MT. Australia. Darling ransje, ColUe ; Swan river, Oldfield; King George'8 Soiind and adjoiuing districts, Oldfield, F. Mueller, Muir. 0. P, ovale, Lindl. Sivan liiv. App. 54, Gen. and Sp. Orch. 51 G. Stems rather slender, above 1 ft. hig'h, the leaf-sheath and lamina long". Flowers small, in a spike of 3 to 6 in. not dense. Ovary narrow. Sepals about ?i lines or sometimes nearly 3 lines long: in the typical form, narrow, the lateral ones g-ibbous and very shortly united at the base, otherwise free, the petals scarcely shorter. Labellum sessile, the erect portion about 2 lines long, concave, of nearly equal breadth or slightly contracted at the base, the retlexed portion about half as long-, rounded, unihihite ; inner plate much narrower than the hibellum, ending' at the bend in a thick papillose ahnost fringed callus. Lateral appendages to the cohimn falcate, entire, as long' as the rostellum. Anther shorter. W. Australia. Swan river, Drummond, \st coll. Var. triglochin, Reichb. f. Beitr. 60. Leaf-lamina short. Flowers scarcely 2 lines long, the lateral sepals quite free froiu the base, the inner plate of the labellum ending le;-s abruptly. — W. Australia, Drummond. 10. P. macrostachyum, R. Br. Prod. 318. A slender plant usually not so tall as P. ovule, but sometimes much resembling- it or even taller, the tiowers smaller, quite g-reen, shortly pedicellate and usually rather distant in a loug- spike. Ovary narrow-turbinate or oblong'. Lateral sepals about 2 lines long-, lanceolate-subuhite, acute, broad and shortly united at the base (or sometimes quite free ?) ; dorsal sepal as long* orrather shorter; petalsconsiderably shorter, lanceolate, acute. Labellum sessile, shorter than the sepals and narrower than in P. ovale, the erect part concave, the reflexed part as long-, ovate, almost acuminate ; the inuer phite nearly as broad as the erect part, forming- 2 calli at the bend and shortly continued along- the centre of the reflexed part. — Reichb. f. Beitr. 17 ; P. f/racile, Lindl. Swan Riv. App. 54, Gen. and Sp. Orch. 616 ; Endl. in Pl. Preiss. ii. 13; P. nigricans, Endl. in Pl. Preiss. ii. 12, not of K. Br. (Peichb.f.) W. Australia. King George's Sound, B. Brown, F. Mueller ; Swan river, Drum- mond, Ist cull. ; Gordon river, Oldfield. Sect. 2. PoDOCHiLus. — Labellum obtuse at the base, on a short distinct horizontal claw, but continuous with it and with the base of the column. 11. P. Fimbria, Peichb.f. Beitr. GO. A tall species with the habit and size of flowers of P. clatum, but with a very difiierent labellum. Ovary elongated. Flowers " pale violet, frag-rant." Sepals about 5 lines long-, the lateral ones free at the base but often connate above the middle ; petals not nearly so long, linear. Labellum as long- as the sepals, truncate at the base, on a distinct narrow horizontal chiw of about \ line, the lamina broadly oblong, slig-htly contracted at the bend in the middle, the upper part broad with fringed or crisped margins, the inner plate broad, commencing* with 2 broad callosities at the base and ending- above the middle in a broad free densely fring-ed marg-in, and within it in the centre of the labeUum a more or less conspicuous 342 cxx. ORCHiDEJE. [PrasophylUm. second plate with scarcely prominent entire margins. Lateral appen- dages of the column falcate, as long as the rostellum, with a small tooth on the outer margin. — P. giganteian, Endl. iu Pl. Preiss. ii. 12, not of Lindl. ■W. Australia. King Geor£;e's Sound, F. 3Tuelkr; Kalgan river, Harvey ; Swan river, Drummond ; Gordon, Harvey, Swan, and Murchison rivers, Oldjield ; Swan river, Preiss, n. 2215. 12. P. striatum, F. Br. Prod. 318. Stems scarcely exceeding 6 in., the leaf-sheath rather long, the lamina suhulate. Flowers ahout the size of those of P. pafens, in a raceme of 1 to 2 in. Ovary oblong- cylindricaL Lateral sepals united to near the end, narrow, acuminate, about 3 lines long ; dorsal sepal rather shorter, nnrrow, concave ; petals nearly as long as the sepals, Lmceokite. Labellum fully 2 hnes long, inserted on a narrow horizontal ch^w hut continuous with it, oval- oblong, concave, the lower half erect, the upper half recurved, with undulate margins ; the inner plate hroad in the lower half, reduced upwards to a thick double raised Hne reaching ahuost to the end. Lateral appendages of the column narrow-Hnear, almost as long as the long slender-pointed rostellum. Anther very short, not acuminate ; caudicle long and fihform. — Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 514 ; Reichb. f. Beitr. 18. N. S. AVales. Port Jackson to tlie Blue Mountaiiis, H. Brown, A. Cunningham, F. Mueller, and others. 13. P. parvifolium, Lindl. Swan Riv. App. 54, Gen. and Sp. Oreh. 517. Stems slender, 9in. to above 1 ft. long, the leaf above the middle of the stera, with a short slender lamina. Flowers resembhng those of P. striatum, in a loose raceme of 2 to 3 in. Ovary narrow-oblong. Sepals about 3-| lines long, the lateral ones dilated at the base and adnate to the basal projection of the column, forming a short pouch, but otherwise free, the dorsal one lanceolate, concave ; petals narrower and rather shorter. Labellum stipitate at the end of the basal projec- tion, but apparently continuous Avith it, the total length of the projection aud claw nearly 2 lines, the lamina lanceohite, concave, recurved, as long as the sepals ; the inner plate nearly as broad as the lamina, and ending about the middle of its length. Lateral appendages of the column 1-| lines long, entire. RosteUum as long as the lateral appen- dages. Anther short. Caudicle of the pollen-masses long and hnear. — Endh in Pl. Preiss. ii. 13. W. Australia. Swan river, Drummond, Id coll., Preiss. n. 2220; Cape Leuwin, Collie. 14. P. gibbosum, R. Br. Prod. 318. Stems from under 6 in. to near 1 ft. long, the leaf-sheath long, with a narrow hnear himina. Spike rather dense. Lateral sepals united into a hp of about 2 hnes, obtuse, very concave, projected at the base into a sack or short and very obtuse spur; dorsal sepal as long, obtuse, nearly similar in texture to the lateral ones ; petals nearly as h:>ng, oblong-hnear, tapering into a claw. Lal)ellum nearly as long as the sepals, linear-oblong or liuear- PrasopJii/llum.] cxx. orchidEjE. 343 CTineate, on a sliort horizontal cluw, then erect to the middle, the upper part recurved, sHg-htly unduhite, truncate at the end; tlie inner plate not very conspicuous, not niuch narrower than the laheUum at the lower end, and gradually disapj^earino- long- betbre the upper end. Lateral appen- dag-es ofthe column broadly talcate, obtuse, nothalf as lonf^ as the petals but long-er than the rostellum ai\d anthers, entire or with a small tooth on the outer margin. — Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 517 ; Heichb. f. Beitr. 18. W. Australia. King George's SounJ, B. Brown, also in Drummond'' s collections, n. 506. 15. P. cucuUatuiri, Ih-ichh.f. Bcitr. 59. Very near P. fjibhosum and probably a variety only. Apparently a smaller plant with a dense spike of 1 to 1|- in. Piowers about 3 hnes long", simihir in structure to those of P. pihhusum, but the broader white lateral sepals with their saccate base contrasting' with the darker coloured narrow-hmceolate acuminate dorsal sepal ; petals acute, ahiiost as long- as the dorsal sepaL Labellum like that of P. gibhosum^ but the lamina ending- in a much broader dila- tation, and the inner plate or thickened centre scarcely prominent, ending- before the dihitation. Lateral appendag-es of the column falcate, obtuse, about 1 line long-. RQstelkim with a long- point. Anther short. Caudicle very long-. — P. (jihbosum, EudL in PL Preiss. ii. 13. TV. Australia, Drummond, n. 443 ; Preiss, n. 2211 ; Gardner river, Maxwell. I liave great doubts whether this be really distinct from P. gihhosum, some of Brown'3 specimens look very much like it. Sect. 3. Genoplesium. — Labellum obtuse or contracted into a claw at the base, articuhite on a horizontal claw-like basal projection of the cohmm. Stem slender, the leaf almost or quite reduced to a sheath- ing- bract. Flowers very smalL The species of this section have all very nearly the same hahit, and are very closely allied to each other. They are distiiiguished by small ditferences in the shape and pro- portion of the parts of the flowers, sonie of which may prove to characterize varieties ralher than species, or even to be individual, although mostly verified on several speci- mens. The study of living spocimens may therefore cause considerable moditication in their circumscription. 16. P.' nigricans, R. Br. Prod. 319. Stem very slender, under G in. high, with a single leaf or rather leafy sheathing* bract very near the spike, 5 to I in. long-, the very short point or lamina erect. Flowers very small, in a spike of |- to 1 in., usually dense, and drying- of a dark purple or almost black. Uvary ovoid-g'lobular, very oblique at the top. Sepals broader than in the following- species, with minute points usually tipped with a small gland, the dorsal sepal about 1 line long, broadlj hood-shaped, the lateral ones broadly lanceolate, 1| to 1| lines long-, often greener than the rest of the Hower, their broad base eitlier united imder or adhering- to the basal prqjection of the colunm forming a basal gibbosity but otherwise free ; petals about 2 lines long', trianguhir- lanceolate, acute. Labelium articulate at the end of the claw-like basal projection of the column and said to be moveable, ovate or ovate-oblong-, about 1 line long, almost acute, slig-htly contracted at the base ; the 344 cxx. ORCHiDE^. [Prasophyllum. inner plate thick, occupying- about | of tlie breadth and extending- to the end. Lateral appendag-es of the column ahnost as long* as the petals, acutely hitid at the end. Eostellum rather long-. Anther shorter, with a very short fine inflexed point ditticult to see and sometimes wanting-. — Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 513; Reichb. f. Beitr. 19. N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, Woolls. Tasmania. Oyster Cove, Milligan ; Southport, C. /Stuart. S. Australia. Port Lincoln, H. Brown. 17. P. rufum, B. Br. Prod. 319. Stem slender, 6 to 8 in. high, the leaf reduced to a sheathing- bract near the spike ^ to f in. long, the lamina short erect and subulate. Flowers the smallest in the genus, in a spike of | to f in. Ovary oblong-. Sepals tipped with a small point but (always ?) without the g-land of P. tiifjricans, the dorsal sepal ovate, concave, f line long-, the hiteral ones hmceoh^te, quite free, 1 line long- ; petals lauceolate, the length of the dorsal sepal. Labellum articulate on a linear erect claw or claw-like projection of the column, said to be moveable, narrow-lanceolate or rarely broader, recurved, not ciliate ; the inner plate with raised margins occupying- the greater part of its breadth. Column very short below the anther, the lateral appendages about I line long-, 2-dentate or 2-fid. Anther mucronate, rather long\ Stig-ma much shorter, with a minute rostelhmi. — LindL Gen. and Sp. Orch. 513; Reichb. f. Beitr. 20; P.iiudum, Hook. f Fl. N. Zel. i. 242, Fl Tasm. ii. 14, t. 113 (partly). Queensland. Eockingham bay, Dallachy. N", S. Wales. Port Jackson. R. Brown. Victoria. W ilson's Promontory and Western Port (witli tlie lateral appendages of tlie column alraost entire), F. Jlueller; Station Peak, Fullagar. Tasmania. Cbeshunt, Archer. Var. ? intermedium, witb a broarler Labelbmi, but the small narrow sepals and petals seem to be rather those of P. rufum tban of P. nigricans. — Port Jackson, WooUs, Daintree. The species is also in New Zeaband. Genoplesium Baueri, E. Br. Prod. 319, Peicbb. f. Beitr. 21, of which no specimen appears to have been preserved, is founded on Bauer's drawing representing either an abnormal specimen or one in wbich there had been some confusion between tbe petals and biteral lobes of the cobimn. It iseviJently a PrasojjhyUum, and appears to me rather to beiong to this species than to thh fullowing one, to wbich Hooker referred it. The pbite of P. nudum, Hook. f., above quoted, re- presents the species correctly as to tbe general figui'e, but the analysis unfortunately must have been takeu from a fiower of tbe P. intricatum. 18. P. brachystach^rum, Lindl. Gcn. and Sp. Orch. 513. Nearly allied to P. ninrirans, witli the same habit, but readily known by its much narrower hghter coloured flowers, which are again distinguished from those of P. rufum chiefly by their size. Spikes usually short and dense. Lateral sepals nearly 2 hnes long-, shorth' acuminate, but with- out the distinct g'land of P. nifjricans, scarcely dihited or shghtly g"il)bous at the base; dorsal sepal shorter and broader, but not nearly so broad as in P. nigricans. Labelhnn articulate on a short basal pro- jectiou of the column, lanceolate, neither ciliate nor fringed; the inner plate forming thick raised lines within the margin. Column about as Prasapfii/llum.] cxx. orchide^. 345 long' below tlie anther as the anther, the lateral appendages of the cohimn unoqiinlly 2-lobe(l, the inner hibe usually acuminate, the other short and broad. Rostellum shorter than the anther, but ovate and niuch niore prominent than in P. rufum. — Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 13. Tasmania. Circular Head, Rocky Cape, Hampshire hills, &c., Gunn. P. niuJiscapum, Hook, f. l.c, from Hobarton, seems to ine to belong to this species rathcr than to P. rwA/m, although in snme measure intermcdiate between the two; the flowers are however too far advanced to determine accurately the proportions of their parts. r.). P. despectans, IIooli. f. Fl. Tusm. ii. 13, t. 113 A. Stems slender, leaHess except a sheathino- bract of about ^ in. below the s])ike. Flowers narrow and dark coloured as in P. mfum, but lony-er, the spike dense, | to 1 in. lonu*. Lateral sepals lanceoUite, acuminate, l^ hnes long', free and ol)H(]ue at the base but not g-ibbous; dorsal sepal shorter, very concave, acuniinate; petals broadly lanceolate, half as long as the lateral sepals. Labellum much shorter than the sepals, articulate on a short in- curved basal projection of the column, moveable, lanceolate, recurved, channelled above. Column as long* below the anther as the anther, the lateral appendag'es falcate, acuminate, longer than the anther, entire or with a small tooth halfway down. Rostellum shorter than the anther. Tasmania. Sandy soil near Hobarton, /. D. Hoolcer ; Cheshunt, Archer; South- port, C. Sluart. 20. P. fimbriatum, R. Br. Prod. 319. Stems very slender, about 6 to 8 in. high, with an erect leafy bract above the middle. Flowers small, drying- dark, in a spike of ^ to 1 in. Ovary obIong--cylindrical. Lateral sepals nearly 2 lines long, with a very short claw and dorsal g-ibbosity or dilatation at the base, linear-falcate ; dorsal sepal rather shorter, lanceolate, acute, concave, slightly ciliate; petals shorter, acumi- nate, striate. Labellum articulate at the end of a basal projection of the column of about \ line, linear-oblong-, contracted into a short erect claw, recurved in the upper part, slightly dilated at the end and densely fringed with long- line cilia ; the inner plate forming- 2 raised thick lines extending- along- the claw and narrow part of the base of the dilatation. Lateral appendages of the column nearly as long as the anther, acutely bifid, the column below the anther very short. Anther with a line point. — Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 517 ; Reichb. f. Beitr. 20. N. S. 'Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown, A. Chinningham, Woolls. 21. P. Archeri, Iloofi. f Fl. Tasm. ii. 14, t. 113 B. Rather taller than P. Jimhriatum, the leaf reduced to a sheathing- bract with a short erect almost subulate lamina close under the intlorescence. Flowers rather larg-er than in the other species of the section, few togetlier in a spike rarely 1 in. long-. Ovary oblong-, recurved. Lateral sepals nearly 3 lines long-, of the shape and with the basal dilatation of those of P.jimhnatum; dorsal sepals and petals shorter, ciliate. Labellum arti- culate at the end of the basal projection of the column, oblong-linear and fringed with long- hairs as in P. Jimbriatum, but more tapering- 346 cxx. ORCHIDE^. [Prasaphyllum. towards the end. Column fully J line long- below the antlier, the lateral appendages longer than the anther, bitid, the outer lobe coloured like the petals, the inner lobe thin white and rather shorter. Kostellum shorter than the anther, i. Tasmania. Cheshunt, Archer ; Ojster Cove, Milligan. 22. P. intricatum, C. Stuart in Herb. F. Muell. A slender plant, with the habit and leafy bract of P.JimbriatnM. Flowers brown or pale jellow, with the labellum purple. Lateral sepals rather more than 2 lines long-, lanceolate, acute, neither obhque nor dilated at the base ; dorsal sepal shorter and broader, concave, very acute ; petals rather fihorter and acute. Labellum articulate on the short basal projection of the column, broadly obovate, convex, recurved, fring-ed witli shorter ciha than in P.Jmhriatum. Lateral appendages of the cokimn un- equally bifid, the outer lobe ciliate. Rostellum shorter than the anther. Tasmania. Southport, C. Stuart. — The analytical details given as those of P. mulum {P. riifum, Br.) in Hook. f. Fl. Tasni. ii. t. 113, appear to me to have been drawn from a fiower of the preseut P. intricatum, but I have not met with any speci- men from which it can have been taken. 23. P. WooUsii, F. 3fuell. Fragm. v. 100. Stem ahnost filiform, above 6 in. long-, the leafy bract small and distant from the intio- rescence. Spike | in. long\ Lateral sepals deeply coloured, lanceolate- subulate, shg-htly g'ibbous at the base, 1| to 1| lines long-; dorsal sepal pakr coloured, lanceohite, acuminate and rather shorter ; petals about half as long- as tlie dorsal sepal, acutely acuminate, minutely ciliate. Labelhim articulate on the short basal projection of the column, ovate- oblong-, shorter than the sepals, obtuse, bordered with very short ciUa. Column very short, the lateral appendag-es bifid, as long as the anther. Rostelkim short. N. S. '^Vales. Blue Mountains, Miss Atlcinson, a single specimen in Herb. F. Mueller. 34. MICROTIS, R. Br. Dorsal sepal erect, broad, incurved, concavc ; lateral sepals as long or shorter, lanceohite or oblong-, spreading" or recurved ; petals usually narrower, incurved or spreading*. Labellum sessile, oblong-, obtuse truncate emarg-inate or 2-lobed, usually callous at the base and some- v>-hat thickened along" the centre. Column very short, nearly terete, with 2 small wing's or auricles behind the stig-ma, Anther erect, 2-ceIIed, the connective not produced ; pollen-masses g-ranular, without any or with a minute caudicle. Stigma obtuse or with a rostrum shorter than the anther. — Terrestrial glabrous herbs, with small g-Iobular under- gTound tubers. Leaf solitary, the lamina elongated and terete, shortly opened out near the stem and continued in a closed sheath down the stem. Flowers small, green or whitish, tisually numerous in a ter- minal spike, and owing' to a bend immediately above the ovary the perianth is often horizontal or refiexed. Microtis.] cxx. orchide^. 347 The genus extends to New Zealand, tind in a single species to New Caledonia, the Lulian Archipolago, and S. China. Of the six Aiistralian spccies, one is commoa iu New Zealand, another is thc sanie as tlie Archipela^o one, tiie reniaining tbur aro endemic. Thc habit of thc genus is that of tho sniall-flowcrcd Pras'>j)hi/lla, the pccu- liar foliase is the same ; it diHcrs chicfly in the small rostclhim and lateral appen- dagos of the column, and thc vvant of any long caudicle to the pollen-niasses. Dorsal sepal hroad and vcry concave ; lateral sepals recurvod. Labelium entire or cmarginate. Flowers above 1 line long. Labellum with a tubcrcie or callus on the disk near tlie end, the margin usually crispcd . . . . 1. M. porrifolia. Flowers scarcely 1 line. Labeilum entire, without any callus on the disk except at the base. Eastern species 2. M . parvijlora. Flowers about 1;^ hnes. Dorsal scpal not so broad as in the fore- going. LaboHum entire. Western spccies S. M. media. Lateral sepals rcvolute. Dorsal sepal acuminate, contracted at the base. Labellum broadly 2-lobed, crenate or fringed . . . . 4. M. alba. Lateral sepals spreading, but nnt recurved. Dorsal sepal very broad and obtuse. Labellum entire, broad, almnst quadr.ite, not callous. Flowers about ^ line long . . 5. M. atrata. Dorsal sepal not much broader than the lateral ones. Labellum contracted in the middle. Flowers about 1 line long ... 6. M. pulchella. 1. M. porrifolia, Spreng. Syst. iii. 713. Usually tall and stout, often above 1 tt. high, with a long- leaf and a dense spike of small g-reen llowers, but sometimes slender with the ilowers distant in a long- spike. Pedicels short, subtended by small bracts. Dorsal sepal erect, broadly ovate, shortly acuminate, very concave, about l^ lines lono- ; lateral sepals spreading" and recurved, about 1 line long- ; petals shorter, erect or spreading". Labellum sessile, as long' as the lateral sepals, oblong-, very obtuse retuse or shortly 2-lobed, the marg-in crisped or crenate, the disk with 2 oblong" adnate calli or short long-itudinal plates at the base, and above them the centre thickened and terminating- in a tubercle or raised callus below the apex. Column very short, the auricles usually less prominent than in M. parvipora. — Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 395 ; M. Bunhsii, A. Cunn. in Bot. Mag\ under n. 3377 ; M. vnifolia, Eeichb. f. Beitr. 62 ; M. rara, R. Br. Prod. 321 ; Hook. f. FI. Tasm. ii. 24 ; Eeichb. f. Beitr. 22 ; M. jndchella, Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 395, Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 24, 1. 118, not of Br. ; M. arenaria, Lindl. l.c. 396, Hook. f. l.c. ; M.frutetornm, Schlecht. Linnsea, xx. 568. Queensland. Burnett river, F. Mueller ; Moreton bay, C. Stuart. N. S. Wales. Port Jackson to the Blue Moimtains, li. Brown, A. Cunningham, WuoVs, and others ; New England, C. Stuart. Victoria. From Portlami, Allitt, and Wendu Vale, Bohertson, to Gipps' Land, F. MuAltr, and in many other cillections from various parts of the Colony. Tasmania. Abundant throuuhout the island, /. D. Huoker, and othcrs. S. Australia. From the Murray to St. Viucent's Gulf, F. JJuelltr, Behr, and others. The spccies is also in Xew Zealand, and appears to be the commonest form in Soutli- Eastern Australia, not extending to the tropics. F. Mueller proposes to unite it with the two following ones uuder the uame of M. viridis. 2. M. parviflora, i?. Br. Prod. 321. A more slender species than M. porrifolia, the leaf and especially the sheath much narrower, the flowers smaller and less crowded in thc majority of spccimens although .S48 cxx. ORCHIDE.T:. [Microtis. sometimes tliis character is reversed, as in those described by Brown, both species having- varietiesor races with crowded and with attenuated inflorescences. Dorsal sepal broad, obtuse, concave, scarcely above 1 line long- ; lateral sepals shorter, and petals still smaller. Labellum as long" as the lateral sepals, oblong-, obtuse. entire, the transverse callus at the base not very prominent, the disk not thickened excepting- near the apex where it usually forms a papillose protuberance rather than a callus. Column with distinct auricles between the stig-ma and the anther. — Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 395 ; Endl. Iconogr. t. 15 ; Bot. Mag'. t. 237? ; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 25 ; Reichb. f. Beitr. 22. Queensland. Port Bowen, B. Brown; Burnett river, F. Mueller ; Rockhampton and neiglibonrhooJ, i?oit/'?Han, 0'Shanesi/; Moreton bay, C. Stuart. N. S. Wales. Port Jackson to the Blue Mountains, E. Brown, and many others; Maclcay river, Fitzgerald ; New England, C. Stuart ; also ia Leich/iardfs collection. Victoria. Gipps' Land, F. Mueller. Tasmania. Circular Head, Gunn. Var. densiflora. Flowers very numerous in a dense spike of about 2 in., the dorsal sepal very broad ; perhaps a distinct species. W. Australia. Drummond, Ath or bthcoll.n. 117, and perhaps the same from King George's Sound, Madean. The species extend to New Caledonia, the Indian Avchipelago, and South China ; it is the only tropical representative of the genus. F. Mueller uuites it with the M. jiorrifolia as his M. viridis ; and Woolls, who has supplied the Muellerian collectioa wiih very numerous specimens of both species, also suggests that they jnay not be really distinct. They appear, however, at any rate to be weli-marked varieties. The niiinUe differences in the form and the calii or papillose piotuberances of the labellum niay very often be individual only, and those above described in the two species must not be relicd upon as constant. 31. Benthamiaiia, Keiclib. f. Beitr. 24, from Sydney, E. Brown, does not appear to me to be distiuct from M. pardjiora. 3. M. media, B. Br. Prod. 321. A tall species, with the habit and the rather narrow leaves of the larg'er specimens of M. i^armjiora.^ but the flowers are considerablv larg-er, much recurved. Dorsal sepal acute, not very l)road and somewhat contracted at the base, coming- nearer in shape to that of M. alha, about l^ lines long; hiteral sepals short and revolute ; petals still shorter. Labelhim usually narrow, truncate or retuse, the margins entire or shg-htly crenulate. Cohimn with pronii- nent auricles. — LindL Gen. and Sp. Orch. 396; Bot. Mag-. t. 3378; Reichb. f Beitr. 23 ; M. Brorvtiii, Reichb. f Beitr. 24. W. Australia. King George's Sound, E. Brown ; Gordon and Blackwood rivers, Oldfield; Swan river, Drummond, Ist coll. ; Murchison river, Oldfield. Thi.s, the Western representative of the two preceding species, appears to have been included by Lindley in his M. rara, and forms part of F. Mueller's above-mentioned M. viridis. 4. M. alba, R. Br. Prod. 321. Stem usually tall, often above 1 ft. high. Leaf with a long- sheath and the lamina often exceeding- the si)ike. Flowers numerous, much incurved, nearly white when dry, said to be whitish g-reen or cream-coloured by some collectors, in a spike sometimes very dense especially when young;, sometimes lon^ siendpr and interrupted. Dorsal sepal very prominent, lanceolate- Microtis.] cxx. orchide^. 349 fnlcate, acute, concave but less hood-shaped than in M. pnrrifolia, and contracted at the base, l^ to 2 lines long- or in some speciinens ratlier long-er ; hitoral sepals nearly as long-, oblong-, at first erect or spreading- but becoming- revolute as the tiower fades ; petals shorter and narrower. Labelhnn as long- as the sepals, narrow at the base, the upper half expanded into 2 lobes either hirge and broad or hjng-narrow and divaricate, the margins always undulate and crisped crenate or fringed, the disk with an oblong- canosity along- the centre of the broad parts, and sometimes a pair of marginal calli below it. Cohimn with verv prominent narrow auricles. — Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 396 ; Reichb. f Beitr. 23. W. Australia. King George's Sound and adjoining districts, R. Brown, Oldfield, F. Mudler, and others ; eastwaid to Esperance bay and Cape Le Grand, Muxwell; Swan river, Drummond, \st coll. Snme spccimens from various collectors have smalier flowers, with a narrower labellura and shorter capsuJBS than the others, but I have been unabie to sort them into distinct varieties ; the larger-flowered ones have the capsules sometimes long sometiraes short ; the labellum is exceedingly variable as to the breadth aud as to the shape of its lobes. 5. M. atrata, Lindl. Swan Riv. App. 54, Goi. and Sp. Orch. 395. The smallest of all the species, usually only 3 to 4 in. hig-Ii and rarely exceeding- G in., of a brig-ht g-reen when fresh, but usually drying- black, especially the llowers. Leaf usually short, but the long- sheath reacliing- alraost to the intiorescence. Flowers minute, in a rather dense spike of \ to \\ in. Dorsal sepal concave, very obtuse, about \ line long- and broad ; lateral sepals and petals nearly equal to it in length, oblong-, very obtuse, spreading- but not revolute. Labellum as long- as the upper sepal, broadly oblong- and very obtuse or ahnost square, convex, quite entire, without calli but niarked by two longitudinal strise. — Endl. in PL Preiss. ii. 6; M. mimdijiora. F. Muell. Frao-m. i. 90. Victoria. Portland, Allitt ; near Melbourne, Adamson; Grampians, /•'. Mneller. W. Australia. Kiug George's Sound, B. Brown; near Perongerup and Mount Clareuce, F. Mueller ; Swan river, Drummond, Ist coll. n. 852, Freiss, n. 24U3. 6. M. pulchella, H. Br. Prod. 321. Stem slender, under 1 ft. hig-h. Leaf narrow and short. Spike not dense, rarely 2 in. long-, the bracts very small and tlie pedicels very short, the flowers drying- of a yellowish ting-e and the proportion of the parts dilFerent from those of any other species. Dorsal sepal about 1 Une long-, ovate, obtuse, slightly concave but much less so than in the otlier species ; hiteral se})als as long- and almost as broad and not retlexed ; petals also as long-, but much narrower and incurved over the column. Labellum at least as lon<>-, oblong-, truncate or retuse, slig-htly contracted in the middle, the marg-in entire, the disk thickened at the base into a broad callus, and bearinf^ a small oblong- thickening^ towards the end. Capsule ovoid — • Reichb. f Beitr. 23. W. Australia. King George'8 Sound, B. Broum, also Drummond, n. 307. Liudley does nut appear to have examined this very distinct species, of which there 360 cxx. oRCHiDE^. [Microtis. is no specimen in liis herbarium, but only a tracing of Bauer's drawing of it ; the Eastern specimens he mistook ior it iippear to me to be referrible M. porrifolia. 35. CORYSANTHES, R. Br. Dorsal sepal erect, very miich incurved and concave, hood-shaped or contracted into a stipes ; lateral sepals and petals small, linear, some- times minute. Labellum erect under the j^-alea, broadlj tubuhir, the margin of the oblique oritice either shortly recurved and denticulate, or produced into a large concave denticulate or fringed lamina closely rellexed. Column short, erect, variously thickened under the stig-ma or winged. Anther erect, 2-celled, the outer valves larg-e, the inner small ; pollen-masses g-ranular, without any caudicle. — Dwarf terrestrial herbs, with small underg-round tubers, and a sing-le ovate-cordate orbicular or reniform leaf, with a scarious sheathing- bract below it. Flovver solitary, sessile within the leaf or very shortiy pedicellate, with a small subtending- bract usually close to the leaf. Tbe geniis is also ia New Zealand and tbe Indian Arcbipelago. The Australian species are all endemic. 1 caniiot agree witb Reicbenbacb f. in reviving Salisbury's name of Coryhas ou tbe ground of priority of general publication. It bas been univer- sally rejected as baving been surreptitiously described and figured, and falsely cbarac- terized from tlie inspection of a drawing of Bauer'B witb Brown"s name attached to it, as was well known at tbe time, and was pubb'slied oii autboi'ity wbich could not be aiid was not denied. In tbe foUowing descriptions I bave been obliged to take Irom Bauer's fiuisbed drawings some details which it was inipossible to verify from dried specimens. Dorsal sepal with a narrow bnear claw as long as the orbicular lamina. Labelbim without basal spur, the tube broad, tbe lamina very sbort 1. C. unguiculata. Dorsal sepal gradually contracted towards the base. Labellum sligbtly 2-gibbous at the base, the lamina birge, reflexed, con- cave, denticulate, or fringed 2. C.Jimbriata. Dorsal sepal with a broad base. Labellum 2-spurred at tbe base, broad and very oblique upwards, with a sHgbtly recurved con- vex margin 3. C. bicalcarata. 1. C. unguiculata, i?. 5/-. Pro<^. 328. Leaf rather more ovate than in the two following- species. Ovary rather long-. Dorsal sepal abruptly contracted into a linear claw of 2| to 3 hnes erect at the base and then much incurved, the lamina nearly orbicular, concave, about 3 lines diameter ; lateral sepals and petals narrow-linear, sometimes nearly as long- as the dorsal one but variable. Labellum rather long-er, the tube ovoid, oblong-, incurved, somewhat intlated not unlike that of the corolla of some species of Diffitalis, the orilice very shortly and obliquely expanded into a denticuhite lamina, with a long-itudinal hairy broad line inside. Column very short, 2-wing-ed, the wing-s with a lower oblong- rellexed lobe, as in several species oi Pterostylis. — Endh IconogT. t. 18 ; Coryhas unguiculatus, Reichb. f. Beitr. 43. N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, B. Brovm, A. Cunningham. 1 bave only seen tbree specimens of tbis species, all very small, one in Herb. R. Brown in the same sbeet as oiie of C. bicalcarata (referred by Reicbenbach f. by niis- take lo C. pruinosa, Cunn.), tbe two others in Herb. A. Cunningham, also mixed with Cori/santhes.] cxx. ORCHiDKiE. 351 the very distinctC. bicalcarata, a specimen of which was nnfortnnately sent to Lindley under the name of C. uiujukulata, and representa it iu his Herb. where the tnie plant is wanting. 2. C. fimbriata, 7?. Br. Prod. 328, and App. FVind. roij. 01 0, l. 10. A small plant, usually dryin<«- black, rarely 2 in. liig-h includinj»- the •flower. Leaf orbicuhir-cordate, about 1 in. diameter, usually thicker and more opaque than in C. Ucalcarata, the midrib and reticuhite veins alone disting-uishable or the hitter sometimes united in a circular vein within the margin, the leaf rarely thinner with the veins more con- spicuous. Flower or even the whole plant said to be of a violet purjile, or by others as of a deep red, sessile or nearly so above the leaf with a small bract, the ovary short. Dorsal sepal f to 1 in. long-, varying- from very much incurved to much straig-hter, probably at different periods of inllorescence, much contracted in the lower half, but not abruptly ung-uicuhite as in C. ungnicxdata ; lateral sepals and petals linoar, small, but longer than in C. hicalcarata. Labelhmi-tube much narro^ver than in the other two species, erect ag-ainst the doraal sepal, 4 t(j 5 lines long-, with 2 minute obtuse spurs or g-ibbosities at the base sometimes scarcely conspicuous, the himina retlexed, very iarg-e, varying- however longer or shorter than the tube, concave with inflexed fringed marg-ins, the disk reticuhite and hairy inside along- the centre. Cohimn very short, much thickened under the stigma, but not wing-ed. — LindL Gen. and Sp. Orch. 393; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 16, t. 11?; Coryhas jjruinosus and C.Jimbriatus, Reichb. f. Beitr. 42, 43. N. S. TVales. Port Jackson, R. Brown, A. Cunni-ngliam, and many others. A. Cunningham. as quoted by Lindley, Gen. and Sp. Orch. 393, distinguishnd two species, C. fimhriata, with a nuicli incurved obtuse galea, aiid C. jiruinosa, with a more erect mucronate galea. Li the dried specimens those with an erect galea are quite as obtuse as the others, and in that state it is impossible to distinguish two distinct forms. The specimens of Corysanthes were all much mixed in Herb. A. Cunniiighain, tvvo or even three species laid down on the same sheet, and none named by him C pruinom. Var. diemenica. Labellum lamiiia rather shorter and denticulate only, not bordered by long cilia or fringe, but the teeth very variable. C. diemenica, Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 393. Victoria. Port Phillip and Sealer'8 Cove, F. Mueller; Wendu Valo, Rohcrtson. Tasmania. Conimnn in varinna parts of the ishiud, J. D. Hooker. S. Australia. St. Vincenl'8 Ciulf, F. Mueller. TV. Australia. Pcrongcrup, Mrs. Knight. It is possible that I may have iiicluded two or three species under C fiinbriata, but they cannot be separated in the dried state. 3. C. bicalcarata, Ji. Br. Prod. 328. Usually ratiier larg-er than tbe two preceding- sj)ecies, the stem often above 1 in. below the leaf, the leaf orbicular-cordate, larg-er and thinner than in C. /imhnata, and ofcen almost transparent when dry showing- besides the midrib 1 or 2 circular veins on each side connected by the transverse reticuLations, but occasionally leaves of the two species scarcely distinguishable. Ovary long-, cylindricah Dorsal sepal very much incurved, very obtuse, not contracted at the base ; lateral sepals and petals very small, linear- subuhite, sometimes minute or ahnost obsolete. Labellum-tube broad in the upper part, incurved and concealed under the dorsal sepal, taper- 352 CXX, ORCHIDE^. [Corysanthes. ino- at the base with 2 short naiTOw-conical spurs, readily visible in the dned specimens, between which are the minute lateral sepals; the orifice oblique, with a recurved convex maro-in or lamina. Column much thicker and shorter than in C. unguiculata, the win,u-s narrow, and a prominent gibbosity at the base between the cohimn and hibelhim — Liudl.Gen. and Sp. Orch. 304:; Coryhus aconitifiorus, Salisb. Parad. Lond. t. 83 incorrect as to details ; Reichb. f. Beitr. 43. Queensland. Biisbane river, Moreton bay, W. Hill; Rockbampton, Tkozet. N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Broivn, A. Cunningham; Paramatta and Cnr- rajnng, WooUs. ;^ali.sbury's above quotecl plate contains rude copies of Bauer's three figures of the whole plant, with analytical details incorrectly borrowed. Whether Salisbury's story of the withered specimen from Lady Essex's garden, and the diied speciraens of the two other species be a fiction or not cannot now be positively ascertained ; but if they exi.sted, they could never have been examined for his character and description. He was far too shrewd an observer to have overlooked the tubular nature of the labelhim, jind to have BO grossly misdescribed other essential charactors which he had misunderstood from a hasty inspection without study of Bauer's original drawings, as he had miataken the colouring which was there only indicated by figures. 36. PTEROSTyLIS, R. Br. Dorsal sepal broad, erect, incurved and very concave ; petals lanceo- late falcate, contracted at the base and attached to the basal prqjection of the cohmm, falcate and curved under the dorsal sepal, nearly as lono- and forming- with it an arched or ahnost hood-shaped upper lip or o^alea • lateral sepals more or less united in an erect or recurved 2-lobed lower lip, adnate at the base to the basal projection of the column, the lobes often terminating- in long- points. Labellum on a short claw at the end of the basal projection of the column, moveable, the lamina linear or oblong-, channelled iiat or convex, produced below its insertion on the claw into an appendag-e either very short and obtuse or longer Hnear incurved and forked or penicillate at the end with a tuft of three or more seta; or cilia. Cohimn elong-ated within the g^aleaand curved with it, witha pair of hatchet-shaped or quadrang-ular wino-s one on each side of the rosteUum and sometimes narrowly wing-ed lower down, the base produced into a short horizontal projection. Stio-ma oblong- on the face of the column about the middle of its leng-th below the wing-s. Anther erect, the cells distinct, 2-valved. Pollen- masses granuhir. — Terrestrial herbs, with small underg-round tubers. Radical leaves ovate, in a tuft at the base of the flowering- stem or in a separate tuft or at a different time of year, the stem-leaves either developed and linear or lanceolate, or reduced to scarious sheathing- scales. Flowers usually g-reen often ting-ed or streaked with red or brown, larg-e and solitary, or smaller and several in a raceme on short pedicels. The bend of^^the petals partaking- ahvays of that of the dorsal sepal, it has been thoug-ht useless to describe them separately for each species, they are comprised with the dorsal sepal under the name of galea. The genus is chiefly Australian ; oue of the Australian species exteuds into New PtcrOStylis,'] CXX. ORCHIDEiE. 353 Caledonia, anolher into Now Zealand, where are also five or eix species not Australian, the remainder of the genus is strictly endemio in Australia. Sect. 1. Antennsea.- -Lower lip erect, tlie lohes or their points embraeing the galea. Series 1. Grandiilorse. — Floweis largc (u.malli/ ahove f in. and ncver under l in.) soUtary (or ahnorjnalli/ and vcrii rarcly 2). Lahellum-appcndagc linear, penicillate or icith 2 or 3 hristMike lohes at the end {the cilia vcry rarely and abnormally de- Jtcient). Radical leaves rosulate at the hase of the flowering-stems. No stem-leaves except sheathing scales. Labellum bifid at the end. Labelhnn-lobes narrow. Flowers above l in. long . . . l. P. ophioglossa. Labelhimlobes shnrt and broad. Flowers under 1 in. long 2. P. concinna. Labellum entire at thc end. Flowers 1 in. h^ng or more. Lobes of the lowerlip lanceo- late with an acute sinus between them. Flowers erect, curved only at or above the middle. Labclhmi very obtuse. Galea slightly curved, the poiiit oblique Z. P. curta. Labollum acuminate. Galea much curved at the middle. The jxiiut horizontal 4. P. acuminata. Flowers much curved below the middle so as to appear nodding, the point reflexed 5. P. nutans. Flowers 4 to f in. Lobes of the lower lip lanceolate, with an acute sinus between them 6. P. pedunculata. Lobes of the lower lip separated by a broad truncate sinus with an inflexed tooth 7. P. nana. Leaves crowded at the base of the flowering-stem, passing gra- dually into stem-leaves or scales. Flowers (of P: nana) 1 to | in. Lobes of the lower lip trun- cate, separated by a broad sinus, with an inflexed lobe or tooth 8. P. pyramidalis.^ Flowers 1 in. or more. Lobes of the lower lip lauceolate, separated by an acute sinus. Flowers glandular papillose 9. P. cucullata. Flowers quite glabrous outside 10. P. furcata. Lower leaves reduced to scarious scales which pass into Hnear or hinceolate scales or leaves, the largest either subtending the pedicel or next to it. Points of the sepals straight. Labellum ending in a filiform point clavate at the end. Lower lip truncate between the lobes 11. P. grandiflora. LabeliUm tapeiing above the niiddle, acute or with a slender point. Lower lip notched or with an acute sinus be- tween the lobes. Leaves usually lanceolate. Flower above 1 in. long . 12. P. reflexa. Leaves very narrow. Flower under 1 in. long . . . 13. P. prcecox. Labellum very obtuse. Flower under 1 in. long. Lower lip truncate between the lobes 14. P. ohtusa. Points of the galea and of the lower-Iip lobes recurved in op- posite directions. Flower large 15. P. recurva. Series 2. Parviflorae. — Flowers 2 or more vcryrarely only\. LaheUum-appen- dage short entirc or with 2 or 3 setce. IStems leajle.is at the time of flowering, except empty sheathing hracts. Sepals with fine points. Labellum shortly 2-lobed at the base, with a small appendage between thc lobes 16. P Daintreana. VOL. VI. A A 354 cxx. ORCHiDE^. \Pterostylis. Sepals acute or very sbortly pointed. Labellum-appendage sbort and nanow, ^\-itb 2 or 3 setae 11 . P. parviflora. Sepals obtuse. Labellum-appendage very sbort obtuse and entire 18. P. aphylla. Sect. 2. Catochilus. — Loxver lip reflexed from the ha.se or recurved from the midcUe the lohes short or nurrow. Lahellumappendage entire and ohtuse, sometimes almost ohsolete. Flower large, solitary LabelUim bnear-terete or filiform, bearded witb long hairs, glabrous at the end. Leaves broadly lanceolate, crowded at the base of the stem, diminisbing upwards 19. P.harhata, Leaves short, iinear, acuminate, nearly equally distribiited along tlie stem . . _ 20. P. turfosa. Flowers several, under J in. long. Leaves in a radical rosette, persistent or fadingaway before flowering, those of the stem reduced to scarious sheaths. Sepals all obtuse, tbe lower lip shortly 2-lubed . . . . 21. P. mvHca. Sepals with short or rarely long fine points, the lower lip deeply 2-lobed 22. P. rufa. Stems leafv without a radical rosette. Leaves "linear or hnear-lanceolate. Column-wings uearly square. Eastern species 23. P. longifolia. Leaves lanceolate. ( oUimn-wings with an oUong lower lobe. Western species 24. P. vittata. Sect. 1. Antenn^a. — Lower lip of the flower erect, coiicave, the lobes closing- over the galea and emhracing- it bj their poiuts, whick often extend far beyond it. Series 1. Grandiflor^. — Flowers larg-e and solitary at the end of the scape or stem, or very rarely "2 (only 2 biflorous specimens seen out of many hundreds). Labellum produced at the base into a linear appendag-e/curved up at the end and there terminating- in 2 or 3 bristle- like lobes or in a tuft of cilia (penicillate). 1. P. ophioglossa, i?. Br. Prod. 326. Leaves in a radical rosette, shortly petiolate, ovate or broadly oblong-, obtuse or mucronulate, | to \\ in. long, elegantly veined, the transvorse veinlets usually uniting- in 2 lateral nerves on each side of the midrib. Scape 1-flowered, rarely above 6 in. high, without any or with a sing-le empty bract near the base, the terminal pedicel subtended by a rather broad very acute bract of 4 to 8 lines. Galea incurved, acuminate, fully l^ in. «long-, rather broad, striate; lower lip ereet, broadly cuneate, deeply 2-lobed, at least f in. lono- besides the long- subulate points which embrace the galea. Labellum-claw flat and thin, about 1 line long ; lamina oblong-linear, endin"- in 2 narrow lobes of about 1 line, the basal appendage linear- subulate, curvetl upwards, with a terminal tuft of setie. Coluuin nearly as lono- as the labellum, refloxed lobe of the wings oblong and obtuse, the erect lobe smaller lanceolate and acute. — Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 391 ; Reichb. f. Beitr. 35. Queeusland. Port Cui-tis, P. Brown; Drisbaue rivcr, Moretou bay, F. Mueller, Fitzalan, Baiky. Pterostylis.] cxx. orchideje. 355 N. S. Wales. Port .Tackson, /?. Brown, Ilarvey, Woolls. We liave alsa wliat appcais to be the sauie spccies from New Calcdouia. 2. P. concinna, IL Br. Prod. 82G. Nearly allied to P. ophioifloasa, but a smaller plant. Leaves radical, under 1 in. long-, ovate or broadly oblong-, tbe petiole usually longer tban in P. opldoglossa, the venation tbe sanie. Scape l-iio\vered, rarely above 1 in. long- and usually with an empty bract at or below the middle, besides the shoatliing- bract at the base of the terminal pedicel. Galea broader and more incurved than in P. opJnof/losm, and under 1 in. long- ; lower bp also broader and shorter, the lobos more divaricate, the long- points fine or slig-htlv chivate. Labellum rather shorter than tbe column, broader than iia P. ophiof/lo.ssa, the terminal lobes or teeth very short aud broad. Column- wing-s with the erect lobe acutely acuminate and rather long-. — LindL Gen. and Sp. Orcb. 391 ; Hook.Journ. Bot. i. 2?4, t. 136; Reichb. f. Beitr. 34 ; P. acuminata, Sieb. Pl. Exs. not of R. Br. N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown, Caley, Sieher, n. 157, and many others. Victoria. Towards Brighton, F. Mtidler. S. Australia? Bugle Range, F. Mueller; the identification rather doubtful. I do not find the tubercles at the base of the labellum mentioned by Reichenbach fil. Beitr. 34, nor are they represented in the excellent figure above menti.ned. Tlie plate iii Bot. Mag. t. 3400 Appears to me rather to represent one of the loug-fiowered forms of P. curtu. 3. P. curta, R. Br. Prod. 326. Leaves in a radical rosette, usually on long- petioles, ovate or broadly elliptical, 5- to 9-nerved^ from under 1 in. to l^ in. long-. Scapes 1-flowered, usually about 6 in. big-h, with 1, 2 or 3 long- loosely sheathing- empty bracts besides the one subtend- ing- the terminal pedicel. Galea erect, about l^ in. long-, acute but not acuminate. Lower lip cuneate, with 2 broadly lanceohxte lobes, not so biug- as the g-alea and ouly shortly acuminate in the tyjiical form. La- bellum linear, obtuse and entire, rather louger than the cohimn, the surface papdlose, the basal anpendage linear curved and penicilhite. Colurnn ? to 8 lines long-, with the basal projection rather b^ng- ; wings with the lower lobe oblong- and obtuse, the upper lobe short and broad witlt a narrow point at the front angle. — Lindl. Gon. aud Sp Orch. 390; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 18; Bot. Mag-. t. 308G ; Reichb. f. Beitr. 35. N. S. MTales. Port .Jackson, Caley, A. Cunningham, Woolls ; Liverpool, Leich- hanlt ; Twofold bay, F. Mueller. Victoria. Wi-ndu Vale, Jiobertson; M.e\houme,Adamson; Darebiu Creek, Mount Disapp lintment, F. Mueller. Tasmania. Purt Dahymple, R. Brown ; common in shad y places, /. D. Iloolcer. S. Australia. Barossa, Lofty and Bugle ranges, F. Mudhr. Var. ? (jrandijlora. Flowers above 2 in. long, the lobes of thc lower h'p enJing in long pniiits. Queenslaud. Brisbane river, Moreton bay, F. Mueller ; also iu LeichhardC s col- lecticm. N. S. 'Wales. Paramatta, Woolls. 4. P. acuminata, /.'. Br. Prod. 32G. Leaves in a radical rosette, ovate or broadly ellipticai and 5- or ?-uerved as in P. curta, some forms A a2 356 cxx. ORCHiDE^, [Pterostylis. of whicli this species closely resembles. Scape l-flnwered, 0 to 9 in. hig-h witli 1 or rarely 2 empty sheathinf? bracts besides the one em- bracing- the terminal pedicel. Galea 1 to l|-in. long-, erect but much incurved about the middle, and usually produced into a point ; lower lip narrow cuneate, contracted into a claw, the lobes lanceolate and produced into long- fine points embracing- the g-alea. Labenum oblong-- linear, tapering' to a point. Column with a short basal projection, lower lobe of the wing-s broad and obtuse, upper lobe broad and scarcely prominent, with a linear point at the front angle. — Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 391 ; Bot. Mag-. t. 3401 ; Reichb. f Bekr. 36. N. S. TValos. Port Jackson to the Blue Mountains, R. Broion, A. Cunningham, JVoolls. 5. P. nutans, R. Br. Prod. 327. Leaves in a radical rosette, petio- late, ovate or elliptical, | to l^ in. long-. Scape 1-llowered, 6 in. to 1 ft. high, usually with a sing-le long- loosely sheathing- empty bract besides the one under the terminal pedicel. Galea nearly 1 in. long-, much curved near the base and again towards the end, so as to give the flower a nodding" appearance, obtuse or acuminate in front ; lower lip shortly and broadly cuneate, the lobes long- and lanceolate, tapering into long- points embracing- the galea. Labellum oblong--hnear, obtuse, 4 to 5 Hnes long", the surface smooth but sometimes minutely cihate, the basal appendag-e narrow-hnear, curved, peniciUate. Cohimn | the length of the g^alea, tbe wings with a broadly oblong- obtuse lower lobe and only a very small upper lobe or tooth, the stigma usually long- and conspicuous. — Lindl, Gen. and Sp. Orch. 391 j Hook. f FI. Tasm. ii, 18 ; Bot. Mag-. t. 3085 ; Reichb. f Beitr. 37. Queensland. Brisbane river, Moreton bay, Bailey. Wr. S. 'Wales. Port Jackson to the Blue Mountains, R. Brown, Caley, Sieber, n. 155, and inany dthers. Victoria. Portland baj, F. Mueller ; E. Gipps' Land, Walter. Tasmania. Port Dah-ymple, Paterson ; common in shady places in a poor soil, /. D. Hooker, and others. 5. Australia. Mount Gambier, F. Mueller. 6. P. pedunculata, R. Br. Prod. 327. Leaves in a radical rosette on rather long petioles, ovate or broadly oblong-, |- to 1 in. long-, thin and usually 5-nerved. Scape 1-flowered, under or over () in. high, with 2 to 4 loosely sheathing- empty bracts besides the one subtending the terminal pedicel. Galea about | in. long- or rather more, erect but abruptlv curved towards the end, acute or terminating* in front in a short point ; lower lip broadly cuneate, the entire part about 4 lines long*, the lobes lanceolate with long- points abruptly turned up and embracing' the g-alea. Labellum oblong-, very obtuse, 2 to 2^ lines long-, thick- ened and pubescent on the surface along- the centre towards the end, basal appendage rather long', Imear, curved, dilated at the end and usually penicillate with few cilia. Column-wings broad, the upper front an"'Ie with a long- almost hair-Iike tooth, the lower lobe recurved, broadly lanceolate, obtuse. — Lindl. Gen. and Sp, Orch. 391 j Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 19, t. 114 A: Reichb. f Beitr. 30. Ptcrostylis.] cxx. orchide^. 357 N. S. ^Vales. Cudgee, R. Cunningham ; Grose river, Miss Athinson, appareutly tlio saine spucies, although the basal appendage of the labellura has no tuft of cilia at tlu' oiul. Tasmania. Port Dalrymple, R. Brown ; abundant in shady places, /. D. Hooker, and others. 7. P. nana, 7?. Dr. Prod. 327. Near P. pedii/icidata, but a smaller and more sleiuler phiut. Leaves in a radical rosette, ovate, acute, usually only \ in. and rarely h in. long*. Scape with a single empty sheathing- bract, vvhich as well as the one subtending- the terminal pedicel is usually more acute and spreading* than in F. pedunculata. Galea as in that species but little above ^ in. long', erect, abruptly curved towards tbe end, but obtuse or scarcely acute in front. Lower lip broadly cuneate, about 4 lines long- without the lobes, which are linear-subulate, only sbortly dilated at the base and separated by the broad truncate apex of the lip, with usually a small inHexed tooth in the middle, the long points of the lobes erabracing* the galea. Labellum linear, obtuse, about 2 lines long, the surface gh^brous, the basal appendage linear, curved, with few setne at the eud usually 2 only of which are deeply divided into 3. Cohimn scarcely more than half the length of the g'alea, the wings with a small hanceolate upper lobe or tooth, the lower lobe oblong and obtuse. — Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 301 ; Reichb. f Beitr. 3? ; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 19, but not the plate 114 B, which may perhaps have been taken from P. concinna. Victoria. Wendu Vale, Robertson ; Port PhilHp, F. Mueller. Tasmania. Port Dah-ymple, R. Brown ; Woolnorth and Circular Head, Ounn; Bagilad, Miss Forster; Oyster Cove, MilUgan ; Southport, 0. Stuart. S. Australia. Mount Gambier, Mrs. Wehl. W. Australia. Svvhu river, Drummond (doubtful) ; Blackwood river, Oldfield; Monjerup, F. Mueller; Upper Hay river, Miss Warburton. 8. P. pyramidalis, Lindl. Stvan Biv. App. 53, Gen. and Sp. Orch. 388. Very closely aUied to P. nana and the ilower almost identical in size and structure, but usually a rather taller and stouter plant and the leaves not strictly rosuhite, but collected at or near the base of the stem and passing- gradually into the smaller sessile stem-leaves or empty bracts which are nearly all spreading and leaf-Hke, thus phiciug- the species in a different division of the g-enus as usually adopted. Lower hp of the perianth truncate, with an intlexed lobe or tooth between the antenna-hke lobes as in P. nana, and tlius readily distinguished from P. pcdunculata in which the lanceolate bases of the lobes are separated b}' an acute sinus. — P. barhata, EndL in Pl. Preiss. ii. 5, not of Lindl. {Peichb.f.) V^. Australia. Swan river, Drummond; Gordon river, Oldfield; Lake Muir, Muir. 9. P. cucuUata, R. Br. Prod. 327. Usually a low plant, rarely much above (3 in. with a sing-le large flower. Leaves crowded at the base of the stem and sometimes ahnost rosulate, often larger than in any other species, ovate or oblong"-eniptical, 1 to 3 in. long', passing- into 1 to 3 empty almost leaf-like bracts, the one subtending the terminal pedicel very loosely sheathing-; ovate-lauceolate, above 1 in. loug. Galea 358 cxx. ORCHiDE^. [Pterostylis. erect, incurved, aciite or shortly acuminate, Ij to IJin. long-, minutely glandular-scabrous or papillose-pubescent outside ; lower lip rather narrowly cuneate, the entire part about Ain. long-, the lobes htnceolate, tapering- into fine points embracing- the galea but not attaining- its length. Labellum oblong--linear, equal in breadth or tapering- towards the end, but always rounded at the end, about half as long- as the galea, the basal appendage linear, curved, dilated and pcnicillate at the end. Column as long- as tbe labellum, the upper marg-in of the wings rounded with a short linear lobe or tooth at the front augie, the lower lobe oblong-.— Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 390; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 19, t. 115; Reichb. f. Beitr. 30; P. duhia, R. Br. Prod. 328, Lindl. l.c. ; Reichb. f. Beitr. 42 ; P. scahnda, Lindl. l.c. 389. Victoria. Port Phillip, C. French ; Brijrhton Scrub, Gulliver ; Gipps' Land, i^^. Mudlr. Tasmania. Port Dalrymple, B. Brown; common on poor soil in shaded places, J. I). Hooher, and others. S. Australia. Mountains round St. Vincent'8 Gulf, F. Mueller. Brown's spccimen of P. duhia, from Derwent river, is a very unsatisfactory one, but appears to be a starved state of F. cucullata. In the Tasmanian specimens distin- guished by Lindley as P. scabrida, the leaves are smaller, and the aspect somewhat differentfrom the usual luxuriant liabit of P. cucullata, but the two forms pass too much into each other to be distinguished as varieties. 10. P. furcata, Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Oreh. 390. Very near P. cimdlata, and perhaps a variety only, with a similar larg-e erect solitary Hower from within a larg-e acmninate loosely sheathing- bract, but the lower leaves are smaller, less crowded at the base of the stem or the lowest small and distant, and the bracts on the stem rather more leaf-like, the tiower is perfectly glabrous outside, and the lobes of the lower lip end in longer fine points embracing- the galea. The internal structure of the llower is the same as in P. cucullatu. — Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 20. Victoria? Some specimens from Plenty Range, F. Mueller, seem referrible rather to this specii^s than to P. cucuUata. Tasmania. Shaded phices, near Launceston and Deloraine, Gimn; Chudleigh and Cheshunt, Archer ; Southport, C. Stuart ; Hampshire Hills, Milligan. P. duhia, Hook. f. FL Tasm. ii. 20, t. 115, seems to beloiig to this spccies rather than to P. cucullata, to which I would refer Brown's specimen so named. The two are, however, perhaps varieties only of one species. 11. P. grandiilora, E. Br. Prod. 327. Stems slender, 1-flowered, about 6 in. high, without any radical rosette of leaves at the time of flowering'. Leaves along- the stem, lanceolate, acuminate, not ditfering* from the bract subtending- the terniinal pedicel. Galea above 1 in. long-, abruptly curved forward about the middle, the petals as well as the dorsal sepals ending in front in short points ; lower lip with tlie entire part broadly cuneate, fully ^ in. long', truncate as in P. nanu and P. obtusa, leaving- a very broad straight and scarcely notched sinus between the lobes, which are very shortly dilated at the base, tapering" into long* filiform antenna-like points embracing- the g-alea. Labellum oblong-- linear at the base, tapering- into a loug' filiform glabrous point some- what clavate at the end ; the basal appendag-e linear, curved, penicillate. Pterosti/lis.] cxx. orchide^. 359 Column-win^ with an erect linear acute lobe at tbe front angle, the lower lobe oblong, obtuse. — Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 387 ; Guillera. Ic. PI. Austral. t. 0 ; Reichb. f. Beitr. 39. N. S. 'Wales. Port Jackson to the Blue Mountains, Caley, Woolls. 1?. P. reflexa, /?. Br. Prod. 3i?7. Stems slender, 6 to 9 in. hio-h, glabrous or minutoly scabrous-pubescent or papillose, without any rosette of radical leaves at the time of flowering-. Leaves or empty scales lanceolate, erect or slig-htly spreadiny, acuminate, under 1 in. long- in the typical form, and none usually so h)ng' as the bract sub- tending- the terminnl podicel, more leaf-like and longer in some varieties. Galea 1| to above l^ in. long", curved but not abruptly so, the petals as well as the sopal tapering into fine points ; lower lip cuneate at the base, the lobes lanceolate, separated by a sinus much narrower than in P. grandijiora^ and almost acute, tapering- into long- filiform points em- bracing- the g-alea. Labelhim more or less lanceohate and tapering towards the end into a long; or short point ; the basal appendag^e linear, curved, penicillate at the end. Cohimn-wings with a small erect acute lo])e at the front ang-le, the lower lobe oblong- and obtuse. — Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 387 ; Reichb. f. Beitr. 38 ; P. rcvoluta, R. Br. Prod. 327 ; Lindl. l.c. 389 ; Reichb. f l.c. ; P. seahra, Liudl. Swan Riv. App. 53 ; Orch. Gen. and Sp. 388 ; P. pyramidaUs, Endl. in Pl. Preiss. ii. 5, not of Lindl. N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Browri, Woolls, and others ; New England, C. Stiiart ; Mudgee, Taylor. Victoria. Grampians and Wimmera, F. Mueller ; Little river, Fidlagar ; East Gipps' LaiiJ, Walter. S. Australia. Mount Lofty ranges, F. MuelJer. TV. Australia. Swan river, Drnmmond, Ist coll., Preiss, n. 2203, and others ; Vasse river, Oldfield ; Hampden, Clarke; Grenough i'lats, C. Gray. In the tjpical form the flowers are not very large, and the labellum has a long fine point. In Brown's P. rcvoluta the flowers are considerably larger, and the hibelhim tapers towards the end, but withont ihe long point of P. reflexa. Sorae of Woolls's spe- cimens have the lcng fl iwers of P. revoh.cta, with the labellum of P. refiexa. Most of the Victorian, South Australian and Western specimens have shorter, more leafy steras, with the labellum of P. revoluta, niany of the Western ones are more or less scabrous- pubescent. The Gipps' Land specimetis are remarkably tall and pubei^cent. The long and shnrt pointed labrlla and large and smaller flowers, however, pass so much one into another, that I have been unable to sort the specimens into distinct varieties. It is possible, however, that their study in a fresh state may point out niore appreciable characters. 13. P. praecox, Lindl. Gcn. and Sp. Orch. 388. Very nearly alHed to P. obta.sa, but the leaves usually more developed, g-reen, narrow- linear or linear-lauceolate, the lower lip of the perianth less truncate between the lobes, and the hxbelhim tapering- above the middle into a rather obtuse or ahnost acute point, hke that of the shorter-pointed forms of P. rc/fexa, from which specios this one may be most roadily disting-uished b}' tlie narrow l<>aves smaller flowers and broader sintis between the lobes of the lower lip of the yiorianth. — Hook. f Fl. Tasm, ii. 21; DisjH-ris alata, Labill. Pl. Nov. Holl. ii. 59, t. 210; P. alata, Reichb. f. Beitr. 70. 360 cxx. ORCHiDEiE. [Pterostylis. Victoria. Wilson's Promnntory, F. Mueller ; Wendu Vale, Bohertson (the speci- mens in fruit oniy, and therefore doubtful). Tasmania. Circular Head, Gunn ; Hobarton, J. D. Hooker; Flinders island, 3Iilli(/ati. 14. P. obtusa, R. Br. Prod. 3'J7. Stems slender, 1-flowered, usually about G in. hig'li, witliout any radical leaves at the time of flowering' but often from a separate branch of the rhizome a rosette of ovate 6-nerved leaves like those of P. concinnu. Stem-leaves or bracts Lm- ceolate, acuminate, -1 to f in. long-, not diflerent from the uppermost bract which subtends the terminal peclicel, the lower ones reduced to sheath- ing'scales. Galea incurved, | to near 1 in. long-, besides the pointwhich varies from 3 to 6 lines ; lower lip with the entire part very broadly cuneate, almost truncate, 4 to 5 lines long-, the lobes very divaricate separated by a broad sinus notched in the centre, tapering- into long- subulate antenna-like points embracing' the g'alea. Labelluin the length of the column, obIong--linear, equally broad throughout and very obtuse, the basal appendag-e linear, curved, penicillate, the tuft consisting- usually of 2 ciliate seta?. Column-wing-s with a prominent tooth or linear upper lobe at the front angle, the lower lobe oblong", the stig-ma very prominent. — Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 389 ; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 19, t. 115 C; Reichb. f. Beitr. 38. N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Broivn, Woolh ; New England, C. Stuart. Tasmania. Common in the norlhem parts of the islaud, /. JL>. Hooher ; Southport, C. Stuart. 15. P. recurva, Bcnth. Stems 1 to 1| ft. hig-h, rigid, 1- or some- times 2-flowered, without any radical rosette, the lower leaves reduced to small scales g-radually increasing- to linear or linear-lanceolate leaves of 1 to 2 in., the bract subtending- the pedicel more lanceolate and sometimes shorter. Galea erect, above 1 in. long-, not very broad and not much curved, the dorsal sepal as well as the petals ending- in re- curved points apparently variable in length ; lower lip as long- or longer thanthe g'alea,narrow-cuneate,divided tothe middleintolanceolate lobes erect and embracing- the g-alea, but recurved at the end aud terminating' in reflexed points of 2 to 6 lines. Labellum tapering" towards the end but obtuse, the basal appendag'e linear, elongated, curved, bifid and penicillate at the end, but the tuft consisting" of very few cilia. N. Australia, Drummond; Upper Hay river, Misa Warhurton. — ^A well-marked species, of which however I have seen but very few specimens. Series 2. Parviflor^. — Stems leafless at the time of flowering- except empty sheathing- scarious bracts, the leaves in radical rosettes at a diflerent time of year, or if contemporaneous from a different branch of the rhizome. Flowers under | in. long', 2 or more in a raceme, very rarely reduced to 1. Basal appendage of the labellum short, entire or with 2 or 3 teeth or setae, 16. P. Daintreana, F. Mucll. Ilerl). Leaves (only seen in an im- perfect state) like those of P. parvifiora., small, ovate, in a radical rosette by the side of the scape or fiowering stem. Scape slender, above 6 in. Pterostylis.] cxx. orchide.i:, 3G1 high, with 3 or 4 empty sheathing; bracts, the npper ones, like the bracts subtendin<;- the pedicels, produced into fino ])oints. Flowors 4 or 0, distant, noarly the size of but much more sh-ndor than those of P. jxirvijfora. Galoa 3 to 3^ lines long", obtusely liood-sbapod, ])roducod in front into a lon<;- fine point ; lower Hp narrow, the ontire part about 1 Hne long*, the k)bes narrow, produced into long- fine ])oints embracing" the g-alea. Labelhim narrow, obtuse and entire at the end, sag'ittate at the base Mith obtuso auricles and a small obtuse entire ap])ondage between them. Cohimn reaching* to the end of the g*alea, the wing*s very broad with a small point at the upper front ang-le, the lower slender portion of the column bordered by narrow wing*s, the stignia scarcely prominent. N. S. ^Vales. Near Sydney, Daintree, very few specimens in Herb. F. Mueller. ir. P. parviflora, 7?. Br. Prod. S'27. Leaves in radical rosettes a])])oaring- at a ditferent time of yoar from the iiowering* stem or if con- temporaneous in a tuft by the side of it, ovate, under | in. and often only \ in. long*, on a rather long* petiole. Sca]ie slender, 4: to 8 in. long*, with 2 or 3 empty bracts or small sheathing* leaves and a raceme of 2 to 5 small flowors. Galea much incurved, scarcely 5 lines long*, very acute or shortly acuminate ; lower lip cuneate, the entire part about 2 lines long*, the lobes much incurved, the inner marg-in involute at the base, tapering* into points variable in lengtli but always shorter than the g*alea. Labellum very short, obtuse but entire, the basal ajjpendage short and slender, terminating* in the specimens examined in a tuft of 3 seta^. Column slender, the wing*from a narrow base very prominent, ■with a narrow ]:)oint at tlie u]>per outer ang*le, and a broadlower lobe. — Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 389 ; Hook. f. FI. Tasm. ii. 22 ; Reichb. f. Beitr. 40. Queensland. Biisbane river and Moreton island, P. Jlueller. N. S. 'Wales. Port Jackson, B. Bronm, Woolls ; Aitken Creek, A. Cunningham. Victoria. ^\'ilson's Promontory, P. Mueller. Tasmania. Purt Dalrymplo, R. Brown; Huon river, Oldfield; Hobarton, J. D. Hoohcr ; Chesbunt, Archer. 18. P. aphylla, Lindl. Gen.and Sp. Orch. 392. A smallerbut rather stouter plant tban P. parvi//ora, with the same foIiag'e according* to Archer and C. Stuart, but the radical tufts entirely g-one at the time of flowering*. Stems 3 to 5 in. high, with 1 to 3 flowers, whicli, when more than one, front each other in a peculiar way as described by C. Stuart and even a])parent on dried specimens, but of which I see no trace in P. pnrvi/fora. Galea of the size of that of P. parviflora but rather broader and more obtuse, the lower lip with shorter points and the basal appendag-e of the labellum obtuse and undivided in the specimen examined, without even the 3 short points fig*ured by Fitch. — Hook. f. FI. Tasm. ii. 22, t. 116. Tasmania. Huon river, Oldfield; Circiilar Head, Gunn; Cheshunt, Archer; Mersey river and plains near Southport, C. Stuart. Sect. 2. CATocHiLrs. — Lower lip of the perianth very spreading or retlexed fi*om the base, or recurved li*om the middle, thelobes short 303 cxx. ORCHiDE^. [Pterostylis. or narrow. Basal appendaj^-e of the labellum-lamina entire and obtuse, or sometimes almost obsolete. 19. P. barbata, Lindl. Swan Biv. App. 53, Gen. and Sp. Orch. 388. Stems 1-ilowered, from under 6 in. to nearly 1 ft. big-b. Leaves crowded at tbe base of tbe stem, ovate-lanceolate or lanceobite, acute or sbortly acuminate, -1 to 1 in. long-, sometimes extending- balfvvay up tbe stem, sometimes almost rosiilate at tbe base, passing- more or less gradually into erect loosely sbeatbing' bracts, the uppermost sub- tending- tbe terminal pediceb Galea erect, oblong-, 1 in. long- or ratber more, the petals as well as the dorsal sepal ending- in sbort subulate points ; lower Hp bnear, very spreading- recurved or rellexed, tbe lobes narrow, obtuse or ending- in fine points. LabeHum h to | in. long-, linear-terete or fibform, bearded witb long- yellow hairs except at tbe end, wbere it bears a broad glabrous nearly square complicate entire or tootbed appendag-e, and at the base where it is g-labrous, tbickened and produced beyond tbe insertion on tbe claw into a short narrow ap- pendag-e g-labrous or sbortly ciHate. Cohimn slender, the wing-s broad, with tbe upper lobe from tbe front angle abnost setiform, long" and ciHate at tbe base, the lower lobe falcate-bmceolate, acute or obtuse, the lower part of the coHimn very narrowly winged. — P. squamita, Lindl Gen. and Sp. Orch. 388 ; Hook. f. Fb Tasm. ii. 20, t. 110, not of R. Br. Victoria. Wendu Vale, Piohertson. Tasmania. ComiiKin in sandy soil, J. D. Hook&r and otters. S. Australia. Mount Lofty ranges, F. Mueller. W. Australia. Swan river, Drummond, \st coll. ; King George's Sound, Jluir ; Mount Barker, F. Mueller, The species is also in New Zealand. 20. P. turfosa, Endl. in Pl. Preiss. ii. 5. Stem short, slender, 1-flowered. Leaves short, Hnear, acuminate, all nearly equal and equally distributed along- the stem, tbe upper one or bract subtending- tbe terminal pedicel rather larger than the others. Galea erect, much Hke tbat of P. harhata but with a long- fibform point, the Hnear lower Hp also with b)ng' points to tbe lobes. LabelHun Hnear-terete, bearded with long- rig-id hairs as in P. hurhita, the end unknown, being- broken oif from the only specimen seen by Reichenbach, the basal appendag-e oblong-Hnear, incurved, obtuse at tbe end, g-labrous. Column-wings with a long" erect subulate upper lobe on the front angle, the lower lobe also long', oblong", ciHate at the end. ^V. Australia. Stirling terrace, Preiss, n. 2632. — I have not seen any specimen ; the above character is taken Irom a sketch and de.scription sent to me hy Keichenhach fil., and drawn up hy him Irom the only kuown specimen now in the Lund Herbarium. 21. P. mutica, B. Br.Prod. 328. Leaves in a radical rosette at the base of the ilowering- stem sometimes but not usually witbering- away at tbe time of tlowering-, ovate, very sbortly petiolate or almost sessile, mostly 2^ to I in. long'. Stem 4 to 8 in. big-b, witb 1 to 5 empty sheath- ing; bracts, besides tbose subtending- the pedicels^ all obtuse or the Pterostylis.] cxx. onCHiDEiE. . 3G3 iipper ones acute. Flowers 5 to 10, in a slij^litly spiral spike. Galea broad, much incurved, obtuse, al)out ;ii lines lony; lower lip little more than 2 lines k)ny- and at least as broad, concave, retiexod, with 2 sliort broad o])tuse lobes. Labelhim on a rather lony liat chiw, broad, very obtuse, scarcely l^ Hncs long-, the basal lobe or api^endage nearly as broad at tho base, narrow, thick, obtuse and entire or emaryinate at the end. Cohimn reaching- to the end of the yalea ; the win<;-s broad, without any upper k)be or tooth, the lower lobe broad and obtuse. — Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 390 ; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 21, 1. 117 ; Reichb. f. Beitr. 42. Queensland. Biisbano river, Moreton bay, F. Mueller, Leichhardt. N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, fi. Brou-n, Woolls, and others ; Einu plains, A. Cnn- nmqham ; New England, C. Stuart; southward to lUawarra, Backhouse ; Gabo island, F. 'Mueller. Victoria. Wendu Vale, Bohertson; Melbourne, Adamson ; Darebiu Creek, Mount Disaiipointuient, Grainpians, &c., F. Muellcr. Tasmania. Coiiiiuou in rich pastures as well as in ligbt sandy soil, /. D. Hooker. S. Australia. Mount Gambier and EivoH bay, F. Muellcr. 22. P. rufa, 7?. Br. Prod. 327. Leaves in a radical rosette at the base of the stem, but most frequently withering- away before the llower- ing", ovate, obtuse or acute, | to 1 in. long-. Stem 6 to 10 in. high, with 2 to 4 loosely sheathing- rather scarious empty bracts usually acute, besides the bracts subtending- the pedicels. Flowers usually 3 or 4 in a short raceme. Galea about 5 lines long, hood-shaped, pro- duced in front into a fine point 10 lines long- in the typical form, very much louger in some varieties ; lower lip on a rather long- basal pro- jection of the column, retiexed from it, broadly cuneate, 3 to 4 lines long- without the points, divided to the middle into broadly lanceolate lobes ending- in fine points, varying- in length Hke that of the g'alea, Labellum on a short claw, ovate-oblong or narrow, concave or with in- volute margins, scarcely l^ lines long-, obtuse, bordered by few or many marginal cilia rarely entirely wanting-, usually 1 long' one on each side near the base, the basal appendage sliort, thick, entire, rug-ose, often cihate. Column reaching- to the end of the g-alea, the wings broad and nearly square, with a small point at the upper front ang-le, the lower angie or short broad lobe often ciliate, the middle part of the column narrowlv wing-ed. — Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 390 ; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 21, t. 116 ; Keichb. f. Beitr. 41. Queensland. Rockhampton, Thozet. N. S. Wales, Port Jackson, common, R. Broum, Woolb, and others; New Eng- land, C Stuart ; Darling river, Dallachy ; Upper Bogan and Lachlan rivers, F. Marsh. Victoria. Mnrray river, F. Mueller ; Wiminera, Dallach;). Tasmania, Port SorcU, ^rc/ter; Meander river, C. Stuart. S. Australia. Spencer's and St. Vincenfs gulfe, F. Mueller. W. Australia, Drummoiul. The species varies much in stature, in the persistence of the radical lcavcs, in the eize of the tlowurs, and especiaily iii the lciigtli of the sepal-poiuts. The foUowing are the principal forms which have been distinguished mostly as species, but wliich pass very gradually into each other. . F. gihhosa, R. Br. Prod. 328 ; Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 390 ; Reicbb. f. Beitr. 41 , 364 cxx. ORCHIDE^. [Pterostylis. from Port Jackson, appears to me to be merely a tall-growing luxuriant state of the tjpical short-pointed form. P. squamata, R. Br. Prod. 327, Reichb. f. Beitr. 41, not of Lindl., from Table Moun- tairi (Monnt Wellington), Tasmania, is a sraall-flowered variety with short points, in which the radical leaves are persistent, and the scarious empty scales more nuiueruus. Ahnost similar small-flowered specimens, but with fewer empty scales, were gathered with large-flowered ones, in New England by C. Stuart. P. Mitchdli, Lindl in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 365, from Mount Kennedy on the Ma- ranoa, Mitchell, is a rather large flowered forni with long points to the sepals, the labelluin narrow with usually numerous cih'a. These cilia are marginal as in the otlier varieties, but owing to the invohition of the mavgins appear to be along the upper sur- face as described. Some other Queensland specimens closely resemble P. 3Iitchelli in ewry respect except that the hibellura is bi'oader. Some ofthe Lachhin and Darling river specimens have the sepa-points fully ^ in. long, and in two speciniens in Herb. F. Mueller, one Ironi Queensland, Bowman, the other from Salt Creek, S. Australia, F. Mueller, these points vary frora | to above 1 in. in length. 23. P. longifolia, P. Br. Prod. 337. Stems ratlier slender, but ofteu 1 ft. hiyli or rather more, without any radical rosette, the lower leaves reduced to short sheathing- scales, those at and above the middle of the stem linear or linear-hmceohite, acute or acimiinate, from under 1 to above 2 in. long-, verv shortly sheathing- at the base. Flowers 3 to 7, in a terminal raceme. Galea 6 to 7 lines, niore or less incurved above the ovary and again abruptly curved towards the end, acute or with a short point in front; lower Hp reilexed, 4 to 5 hnes long-, oblong-, divided usually to about half its length into 2 narrow-lanceokte lobes. Labelkim on a very short claw, oblong', about 3 lines long", more or less papillose on the surface, with a short obtuse or 2-toothed papillose process at the end, the basal appendag'e very short, obtuse and usually erect. Cohimn-wings very broad, nearly square or shghtly hatchet- shaped, the marg-ins ciholate or entire. — Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Urch. '^^^; Hook. f. FL Tasm. ii. 22, t. 117; Reichb. f. Beitr. 40. N. S. ^Vales. Port Jackson to the Blue Mountains, R. Brown, Sieber, n. 160, A. and R. Cunningham, and many others ; lilawarra, Bacl-house. Victoria. Forest Creek, Mount Disappointment, \ViIson'8 Promoutory, Nangatta range, &c., P. Mueller ; Grampians, Fisher ; E. Gipps' Land, Walter. Tasmania. Comnion in dry soil in forest land, /. D. Hooher. S, Australia, Mount Lofty range, between Mount Gambier and Eivoli bay, F. Mueller. The species varies mnch in the length and breadth of the leaf, in the size of the flowers, the length of the lobes of the lower lip and the precise form of the labellum, especially of its terminal appendage, and it seems sometimes almost to pass into P. vittata. 24. P. vittata, Lindl. S>mm Piv. App. 53, Gen. atid Sp. Orch. 389. Allied to P. lo»f/ifolia and like that species without any rosette of radical leaves to the Howering- stem, but usually a stouter and much more leafy plant. Stems 8 in. to above 1 ft. hig-h, often ang"ular in the dried state. Leaves lanceoh^te, narrow or broad, acute, usually clasping the stem with rounded auricles, the lower one or two reduced to slieathing" scales. Flowers in a more compact raceme than in P. lonr/ifolia, the bracts more leaf-like. Galea 5 to 6 lines lon^, broad, very much curved near the base and above the middle so as to be quite helmet- Ptcrostylis.^ cxx. ORCHiDEiE. 365 shaped, with a sliort point in front directed downwnrds ; lower lip ratlier hroadl}' ovate, shortor than the galea, concave, recurved, with 2 short acuminate hihes. Lahelhini on a rather long- claw, ohlong-, ahout 2 hnes long-, sHg-htl}' contracted and emarg-inate or 2-lohed at the end, the marg-ins cihate, the hasal appendag-e scarcelv more than an o1)t.use thickening- of the hase of the hmiina, and usually with a thick seta or linear tooth on one or hoth margins just ahove the hase. Cohimu-win"-s Tvith an ohhmg- lower lohe densely cihate at the end, the middle of the cohunn rather hroadly winged. — EndL in PL Preiss. ii. 5. S. Australia? Some speciniens froni Bugle range, F. Mueller, niixcd in liis her- barinni witli others of P lonf/ifolia froni Third Creek, under the nanje oi P. j^rcecocis- sima ajipear tn belong rather to P. vittata. TV, Australia, Swaii river, l)ruinmond ; King George'8 Sound and adfoining districts, Ma.nrell, Preiss, n. 2201, 22U2, Muir, Miss Wurhurton; Vasse river, Oldjlel<^; Hampden, Clarke. I have been unable to ascertain whether the form of the column-wings be as con- Btantly distinct from that prevailing in P. longifolia as it appeared in the few flowers examined. 37. CALEANA, R. Br. Sepals and petals all hnear, the dorsal sepal erect, the lateral sepals and petals spreading- or reflexed (hut the position apparently reversed by the resupination of the flower on the ovary). Labelhim articulate at the base of the cohunn or at the end of its hasal projection and moveable, with a hnear incurved claw, the Lamina ovate or oblong-, pehate, convex, entire, shorter helow than ahove its insertion, the sur- tace smooth or tuhercuLite. Cohimn elong-ated, sometimes produced at the hase into a hnear projection, very hroadly 2-wing-ed in its whole leng-th. Anther erect, not mucronate, the 2 cells distinct and nearly equally 2-valved. Pollen-masses granular. — Terrestrial g-labrous herbs, with sraall underg-round tubcrs. Leaf hnear lanceolate or oblong-, sohtary at the hase of the stem which has also occasionaHy a small empty bract at or below the middle. Flowers 1 to 3 or rarely 4, shortly pedicellate, the subtending- bracts acute. Ovary usually recurved, re- versing the flower. The genus is limitcd to Australia. Allied to Dralccea, it is readily known by the large petallike wings of tlie cohinin, forming a kind of pouch open or closed by the elastic motions of the lid-Hke labellum. Chiw of the labellum and lateral sepals inserted at the base of the column 1. C. major. Claw of the labellum and lateral scpals inserted at the eud of a basal projection of the column. Leaf narrow linear. Eastern species 2. C. mivor. Leaf ovate or lanceolate. Western species 3. C. nigrita. 1. C. major, B. Br. Prod. 329. Leaf radical, hnear or narrow- lanceolate, 2 to 4 in. long. Stem often above 1 ft. high, with a sins-le closely appressed empty sheathingbract below the midtile, and 1 to 4 red flowers on very short pedicels, the suhtending hracts 2 to 4 hnes lon"\ Dorsal sepal narrow-hnear^ rather thick^ channelled, erect or incurved 366 cxx. ORCHIDE.E. [Caleana. below tlie middle, often f in. long-; lateral sepals narrow-linear, acumi- nate, retlexed (erect by the reversion of the flower) about (5 lines long- ; petals still narrower aud shorter, erect (with reference to the floral axis). Labellum aflixed to the base of the colnmn, the claw linear, flat, incurved, about 3 lines lony ; larnina peltately attached, broadly ovate, fullv 4 lines lono- and nearly as broad, shortly and broadh' acuminate at each end, tlie upper surface smooth, the centre inflated and hollow, the cavity open on the under side. Coluinn 4 to 5 lines long-, bordered on each side from tbe base to the anther with a petal-bke coloured wing" aliout 3 lines broad. Stisma obscurelv 2-pointed. — Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 429; Hook. f. FI. Tasm. ii. l8, t. 107 A; Reichb. f. Beitr. 44 ; Caleya major, Endl. IconogT. t. 8. Queensland. Moreton bay, F. Jlueller. ' N. S. Wales. Port .Tackson, i?. Broicn, Bachhonse, WooUs ; Blue Moimtains, 31i.is Athinxon ; New England, C. Stuart. Victoria, Mount Stuigeon, ]Mount Abrupt, Latrobe river, F. Mueller ; Mount Williani, SulUvan ; Gipps' Land, Walter. Tasmania. Eocky Cape, Gunn; Cheshunt, Archer ; Southport, C. Stuart ; South Huon, Oldfield; N. W. Bay, MUlicjan. 2. C. minor, li. Br. Prod. 329. Leaf radical, narrow-linear. Stem slender, about 0 in. higb, without any or very rarely with a single small empty bract below the middle. Flowers 1 to 3, much smaller than in C. viqjor, on long'er pedicels. Sepals aud petals linear, nearly equal, 4 to 5 lines long-, the doi-sal one often dilated above the middle and at- tached as well as the petals immediately above the ovary, the lateral sepals however attached to the extremity of the basal projection of the cohimn on each side of the stipes of the labelhun, which is linear and incurved. Lamina of tbe labellum peltate and convex, but narrower than in C. major, and tuberculate on the surface, the upper lobe obtuse or shortly 2-lobed, the lower lobe or ap[)endage very short. Column about as long- as the sepals, the broad wing- adnate also to tbe basal projection, which is at leasthalf as long- as the column itself and nearly erect wbilst the column is more spreading-, the whole forming- a broad sac or pouch. — Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 429 ; Reicbb. f. Beitr. 44. N, S, Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown; New England, C. Stuart (a single specimen in Herb. F. Mueller diifering in some shght particulars from Brown's and Gunn's). Tasmania. Hobarton, Gunn. 3. C. nigrita, Lindl. Sfvan liiv. App. 54, Gen. and Sp. Orch. 429. Leaf radical, small, ovate or broadly lanceolate. Stem about 6 in. hig-h, without any empty bract. Flowers 1 to 3, on pedicels of ^ to 1 in. Sepals and petals linear, about 5 lines long, tbe dorsal sepal closely appressed to the column and apparently adnate to it at the base, the petals very narrow, tbe hiteral sepals attached as in C. minor to the ex- tremity ofthe basal projection of the column. Labelhim with a chiw of at least 3 hnes, the lamina pekate, oWong-, very convex, tuberculate on the siu-face, the upper end or lobe twice as long- as the lower lobe or appendage, both ends obtuse or emarginate in the specimens examined. Caleana.] cxx. orchideje. 367 Column nearly as long as the sepals, the broad wing" adnate to the basal projection wliich is at lenst 2 lines low^ and formiug' a broad sac as in C. minor. — Endl. in Pl. l*roiss. ii. 11. ^V, Australia. Swun river, Drummond, Ist coll. n. 864, 38. DRAK^A, Lindl. (SpiculcT?a, Lindl,; Arthrocliilus, F. MneU.) Sepals and potals linear, the dorsal sepal erect, tlie latcral sepals and ])etals spreading- or retlexed, Labellum articulate at tbe buse of the columu or at the end of its basal projection and moveable, with a linear claw ; the h\mina narrow, peltate, convex, shorter below than above its insertion. Column elong-ated, narrow, wingiess except 1 or 2 pairs of narrow auricles variously phiced. Anther erect, not mucronate, the 2 cells distinct and nearly equally 2-valved. Pollen-masses g-ranular. Stigma large, orbicuiar, sometimes mucronate. — Terrestrial giabrous herbs, with small underground tubers. Leaf solitary at or near the base of the stem, usually broad, or none at the tinie of iiowering-. Scapes with 1 to 3 empty sheathing bracts. Flowers solitary or several in a raceme, the subtending- bracts small and narrow. Labellum almost hammer-shaped and very irritable. Ovary straigiit or recurved, more or less reversing" the flower. The genus is limited to Australia, and is neaHy allied to Caleana. The tbree species form oiie well-mirked genus, the differences between D. [Spiculcea) cHi.ata and the original D.elastica correspond to those which distinguish Caleaaa major and C. minor. LabelUim articulate at the base of the column, without any inter- vening projeetion. Column with 2 pairs of auricles. Stem with 1 leaf. Fiowers several 1. D. ciliata. Labellum articulate at tbe end of a basal projection of the column. Lateral sepais adnate to the basal prujection of the cohimn. Stem leafless. Fiowers several 1. D. irritahilis. Lateral sepals free from the linear basal projection. Leaf radical, ovate. Flowers solitary 3. X>. elastica. 1. D. ciliata, licichh.f. Beitr. 08. Stem under Gin., the leaf a little above the base, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, complicate, shortly sheatbing- and erect at the base, recurved upwards ; and a singie smail empty bract higiier up either closely ajjpressed or slig-htly spreading* and leaf-Iike. Flowers 2 to 6, on short pedicels, the bracts 1 to 2 lines long'. Se})als and petals narrow-linear, the dorsal sepal erect, about (3 lines long', the lateral sejials and petals rather shorter, spreading- or reflexed. Labellum nearly as long- as the sej^als, articulate at the base of the column, the claw very slender, incurved ; the laniina hamnier- shaped, peltately attached, the upper lobe recurved, above 1 line long-, very convex, papillose-pubescent on the surface of the lower half, ter- minatin;:- in a srauoth obtuse point ; the lower lobe or basal apjjendage ap])areutly similar to the lower half of the up])er lobe. Column erect, incurved, narrow, tiie verv narrow wings dilatcd abuut halfway up into 2 long- liuoar-falcate ascending- auricles, and at the anther into 2 linear 368 cxx. ORCHiDEiE. [Drak/Ba. recurved aiiricles, witli a short triangular lobe at tlie base of each on the upper side. Stig-ma without any or only with a very short termiual point. — Splculma ciliata, Lindl. Swan Riv. App. 56, with a woodcut, Gen. and Sp. Orch. 428 j Endl. in Pl Preiss. ii. 10. ^V. Australia. Swan river, Drummond, Ist coll., Ath coll. n. 325. 2. D. irritabilis, Dciclih. Bcitr. 68. Stems 6 in. to nearly 1 fr. hig-h, leafless at the time of flowering except 1, 2 or 8 distant empty bracts sheathing at the base but sometimes spreading- and ahnost leaf-like at the apex, and in one specimen the lowest is developed into a hinceolate compUcate recurved leaf of nearly 1 in. Flowers green or whitish, often tinged with red, 3 to 8 on pedicels of 2 to 3 Hnes within small narrow bracts. Sepals and petals narrow-linear, shghtly dihited above the middle, the dorsal sepal iucurved, about 4 lines long, the lateral sepals and petals shorter, very spreading- or reflexed, the former dilated at the base and adnate to the basal projection of the cohimn. Labellum articuhite at the end of the basal projection, the linear claw about 1 Hne long above the articulation, the lamina hammer-shaped and ])eltately attached, ciliate with long hairs on the upper surface, the upper lobe emarginate or terminating in a short smooth point, the lower lobe or appendage very obtuse and less hairy. Column incurved, with 2 nar- row-linear acuminate auricles just under the stigma and 2 short points behind it. — Arthrochilus irritabilis, F. Muell, Fragm. i. 43. Queensland. Biisbane river, Moreton bay, W. Hlll, F. 31ueller, C. Prentice ; Rockingham bay, Dallachy. C. Prentice collecteJ in June, 1867, a specimen with the flowering stem proceeding from a tuit of lanceolate leaves 2 or 3 in. loiig. These may have been the onlinary leaves of the plant, which appear usiially at a Jifferent time of year froin the fiowers ; but in this instance the plant had probably flowered abnormally at the leafing time. 3. D. elastica, Lindl. Swan Eiv. App. 65 with a Tvoodcnt, Gen. and Sp. Orch. 428. Leaf radical, broadly ovate-cordate or almost orbicular, apparently thick and fleshy, with recurved margins rarely above ^ in. diameter. Stem slender, 6 in. high or rather more, with a small empty sheathing bract below the middle, and a single flower on a pedicel much longer than the subtending- bract. Sepals and petals linear, 5 to 6 lines long, the lateral sepals and petals reflexed, free from the basal projection, the dorsal sepal usually ratlier longer and erect. Labellum articulate at the end of the basal projection of the column, and '' moving at the joint with every breeze," the claw narrow-linear, 3 lines long above the joint, the lamina hammer-shaped, peltately attached, broadly ovate but very convex and the sides completely folded back so as to conceal the under surface, the upper surface covered with short thick hairs or calli except the smooth tip, the lower lobe or appendage solid and fleshy, half as long as the upper one. Column nearly as long as the sepals, abruptly incurved in the middle, with very narrow wings produced into auricles at the base and somewhat dilated under the anther, the basal projection of the column supporting' the labellum about 3 lines lono* and linear like the claw. Rostellum of DraJKea.'] cxx. onCHiDEJE. 369 the stig-ma erect and sometimes nearly as long- as the anther. — Endl. in Pl. Preiss. ii. 10. W. Australia. Swan river, Drummond, Ist coll. ; Cape Leschenault, Oldfield ; Kiug George's Souud, /'. Jlaeller, Muir ; kuown under the name ot' IJammer Orchis. 39. ACIANTHUS, R. Br. Dorsal sepal erect or incurved over the column, concave, not very broad, and often produced into a fine point ; lateral sej)als niirrovv^, erect or spreading- ; petals much shorter. Labellum about as long- as the petals, sessile or nearly so, uudivided, the margin entire, the disk smooth or papillose, with or without 2 adnate calli or tubercles at the base. Column erect or incurved, semiterete or 2-wing-ed. Auther broad, erect, 2-celled, with broad outer valves, the connective some- times produced into a short point ; pollen granular, but less so than in Caludeida and more distinctly collected into 4 masses in each cell. — Terrestrial glabrous herbs, with sraall underg-round tubers. Leaf soli- tary, immediately above the basal scarious sheath or hig'her up the stem, broadly ovate-cordate. Flowers solitary or several in a terminal raceme, on a scape or stem without scales above the leaf, except the small bracts subtending- the pedicels. BesiJes the Anstralian species which are endemic, there is one from New Zealand. The geiius is nearly allied to Caladenia, but without the calli aiidiringes to the labeilum ot' that genus, a ditfereut foliage, aiid the pollen in two at least of its species appear to be of the more solid consistence of that of Eriochilus. Column nut winged. Sepals with fine points. Labellum oblong- lanceolate. Flowers 1 to 3. Dorsal sepal narrow, with a filiform point of | to above 1 in \. A. caudatus. Flowers 3 to 10. Dorsal sepal with a point under 2 lines. Dorsal sepal ovate-lanceolate. Labellum with 2 papilluse lines on the surface 2. A. fornicatus. Dorsal sepal lanceolate, contracted at the base. Labellum smooth on the surface Z. A. exsertus. Column wiiiged. Sepais without poiuts. Labellum broader than long 4. J.. viridis. 1. A. caudatus, i?. Br. Prod. 321, Stems slender, sometimes fili- form, 3 to 0 in. hig-h. Leaf at or near the base, deeply cordate, ovate, rareh' above 1 in. long. Flowers 1 to 3, of a dark colour, on short pedicels within smallbracts. Dorsalsepal tapering- into a filiform point varying from -^- to above 1 in. long-, not very broad in the lower part, and contracted again at the base ; lateral sepals shorter, liliform, shortly and slig-htly dibited at the base ; pctals lanceolate, reflexed, about 2 lines loug, with short points. Labellum almost or quite sessile, oblong-lanceolate, sliorth' acumiuate, as long- as the petals, the 2 basal adnate calli very promincnt, lanccolate or acuminate, the surface of the lamina with very few p:ipill;e. Coluum semiterete, not wing-ed. Pollen apparently more granular tlian in the two following- species. — Lindl. Cen, and Sp. Orch. \jd7 ; Ilook. f, Fl. Tasm. ii. 25, t. 119; Reichb. f. Beitr. 20. VOL. VI. B B 370 cxx. ORCHiDEJE. [Acianthus. N. S. ^Vales. Porl Jackson, JR. Broum, A. Cunnmyltam, WoolU ; Blue Moun- tains, MUs Atkin.son. Tasmauia. Common in moist sliaJecl woods, /. D. Hooher. 2. A. fomicatas, 7?. Br. Pnxl. .3'21. Stem slender, 6 to 8 in. liig-h. Leaf at the base oi- below the middle, broadh' ovate or orbicular, deeply eordate and stem-clasping" with broad rounded aurieles, usually 1 to 1| in. long-, sometimes sinuate or even rather deeply 3-lobed. Floivers 4"to 10, on short pedicels ; bracts ovate or lanceolate, acute. Dorsal sepal ovate-lanceolate, 3 to 4 lines long-, erect, incurved, concave, acute and the midrib produced into a fine point of 1 to 1| lines ; latei*al sepals nearl}" as long- but linear, with a long point and angular or toothed on each side of the point, close together or shortly united under the labellum; petals lanceolate, about half as long asthe dorsal sepal, with a short point. Labellum much shorter than the dorsal sepal but variable in length, nearly sessile or on an exceedingly short claw, oblong-lan- ceolate, acuminate, concave at the base with 2 very short raised longitudinal phites or calli, smooth along the centre, with 2 very prominent broad raised papillose lines parallel to the rellexed margins, the point smooth. Column not 2 lines long, much incurved, semiterete, not winged, often concealed in the dorsal sepal, but sometimes bent forward as in A. exsertus. Anther with a very short point. Pollen- masses (in the ilowers examined) 4 in each cell, of the soraewhat solid consistence of EriocMlus but obtuse at the base, and perhaps becoming g-ranular at a later stage. Stigma verv prominent. — Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 397 ; Endl. Iconogr. t. 16 ; R"eichb. f. Beitr. 25. Queensland. Brisbane river, Moreton bay, F. Jliieller ; Eockingham baj, Dallachy; Mount Whecler, Thozet. N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Broicn, Sieber, n. 159, and others. F. Mueller, Fragm. v. 96, unites this and the following species under the name of A. Brunonis. 3. A. exsertus, B. Br. Prod. 321. A slender delicate plant, much resembling A. fornicatus, but smaller. Leaf deeply cordate, ovate or orbicular and often sinuate as in that species. Flowers rather smaller, 3 to 0 in the raceme, the pedicels very short. Dorsal sepal slightly incurved, concave, but narrow and mucli contrncted at the base, about 3 lines long, including the short point ; lateral sepals almost subulate ; petals lanceolate, about half as long as tlie sepals. Labellum nearh^ as lons" as the sepals, oblong-lanceolate as in A. fornieatus but on a more distmct claw, the raised plates at the base rather longer and the surface of the lamina smooth or with ver}^ few paj^illa? in 2 rovvs. Column slender, not winged, about half as long as tlie sepals, incurved and protruding forwards from the dorsal sepal. PoIIen of A. fomiicatns. — Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 397; Hook. f. FI. Tasm. ii. 25, t. 119; Reichb. f. Beitr. 25. N. S. 'Wales. Port Jackson, Baucr, Woolls, and others ; Blue Mountains, Caley ; New Eni^land, C. Stuart. Victoria. Wendu river, Robcrtson ; Secler's Cove, F. Muellcr ; Portarlington, Robertson. AciantJiUS.] CXX. ORClIIDEiE. 371 Tasmania. Circnlar IToad, Gunn; Clieshunt, Archcr ; Soutliport, C. Stuart ; Swiiii|n)rt, Sfori/. S. Australia. Lofty Range, F. Mueller. Sonie specinions froni Port PhilHp, F. Muellcr, have verv mnch rednccd flowers, either with raucii euiarged or with very sniaH bracts, all probably abnornial states. •4. A. viridis, Ilooh.f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 872. A small plnnt, the cordate leaf scarccly above ^ in. diameter, above or rarel_y bolow tke middle of the stem. Flowers 1 to 3, verj nearly sessile, the bracts very small. Dorsal sepal erect, hood-shaped, much incurved, tapering- at both ends as in A. exsertns but without any projecting" point, 3 to 3| lines long; ; lateral sepals about as long", linear, obtuse. Petals not 1 line hmg" and very obtuse. Labellnm 2 lines h)ug', sessile, rhomboidal, concave, sligiitly undulate, possibly with 2 calli at the base but I could not clearly see them in the only Hower I could examine. Column winged as in CdhuJenin. PoUen not seen. Tasmania. Base of Mount Wellington, Gunn, Oldfield. 40. ERIOCHILUS, R. Br. Dorsal sepal erect, slig*htly incurved and concave ; petals nearly as long', usualh' narrower, erector spreading- ; lateral sepals long-er, spread- ing, oblong- or ellipticai, contracted into a distinct narrow stipes. Labcllum rauch shorter, with a narrow concave erect claw, the margins often produced into small erect lateral lobes, the lamina or middle lobe recurved, very convex, entire, tlie surface villous, without calli. Column erect, the front angles sometimes ciliate or very narrowly winged. Anther erect, not mucronate, 2-ceIIed, the outer valves larg-e, folded over and concealing- the small inner valves; pollen at length powdery or granular but much less so than in Caladcnia and usually seen in 4 distinct and almost smooth masses in eacli cell, contracted at one end into points or short caudicles. — Terrestrial glandular-pubescentor hairy rarely g'labrous herbs, with small underg-round tubers. Leaf solitarv at the base of or higher up the stem, ovnte or lanceolate. Flowers pink or white, 1 or more nearh" sessile on a scape or peduncle, without empty bracts above the leaf, each ilower subtended by a short loosely sheath- ing ovate bract. The genus is liinited to .^ustnilia. In all the flowers examincd in wliich I have found the pollenmasses stiil in situ, their consistence has been much more solid arid less granular than in any of the allied genera except Acianthun. F. Muellcr, however, finds in the fresh state no difierence between the pollen of Eriochilus and that of Caladenia. Leaf at the hase of the stem. Leaf broad. Stcm glaiiduhir-pubesccnt. Labcllum without lateral lobes, the middlc lobe ovate-oblong. Eastern .species . 1. E. auturnnalis. Labellum with small erect lateral lobes, the middle lobe nearly orliicnlar. Western species. Leafbroad. Stem viilous 2. E. scaber. Tjcaf narrow. Stem glabrous 3. E. tenuis. Leaf some way up the stem. Plant nearly glabrous. Westem species. Labellum middle lobe ovate-oblong. Flowers rarely above 3 . \. E. dilntatus. B b2 372 cxx. ORcniDE^. [Eriochiltts Labellum miJdle-lobe rarrow-oblong. Flowers usually niore thau 4 5. E. multifiorus. 1. E. autumnalis, li. Br. Prod. 323. A slender plant, rarely ex- ceeding- 6 in., more or less g-landular-pubescent. Leaf radical, ovate, acute, usually dying away before the time of Hovvering-, but occasionally still persisting at tlie base of some tiowering' specimens. Flowers pink, solitary or 2 or 3 rather distant, the subtending-bractsloosely sheathing*, 1 to 2 lines long', and no empty ones on the scape lower down. Dorsal sepal erect, slig-htly incurved, narrow-hinceohite, acute, scarcely con- tracted at the base, 3 to 3i lines long; htteral sepals half as long again, very acute, elliptical-lanceohite, contracted into a distinct often slender stipes ; petals rather shorter than the dorsal sepal, linear or linear- spathulate. Labellum about half as long- as the hiteral sepals, with an erect concave narrow chiw, sometimes showing* at the apex minute lateral lobes or ang-les, the lamina or middle lobe recurved, oval- oblong", convex and hairy but without prominent calli. Column shorter than the dorsal sepal, narrowly winged below the very broad concave stig-ma. — Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 427 ; Endh Iconogr. t. 6 ; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 2G, t. 120 A; Epipactis cticullata, Labill. Pl. Kov. Holl. ii. Gl, t. 211, f. 2; Eriochilus cucullatiis, Reichb. f Beitr. 27. Queensland. Brisbane river, Moreton bay, IT. Ilill (with smaller flowers). N. S. 'Wales. P^ort Jacksoii, R. Brown and others ; frequeiit in the colony, A. Cunningliam ; New Enghind, Lvichliardt, C. Stvart. Victoria. Wendu Vale, Bohertson ; Port Phillip, ^. -CrouJw; from the Yarra to Gipps' Land, F. Muellcr and others. Tasmania. l*ort Dalrymple, R. Brown; common in open and somewhat dry gruund throughout the island, /. D. Hoolcer, S. Australia. Near Mount LSarker, F. Mueller. 2. E. scaber, Limll. Srvan liiv. App. 53, Gcti. and Sp. Orch. 427. Closely allied to E. autumnalis, usually but not always shorter, not so slender, and hairy with articulate transparent hairs. Leaf radical, ovate or cordate, acute, usually persisting' at the base of the Howering stem. Flowers 1 to 3, pink, the bracts broad and mostly acute. Sepals and petals rather shorter and broader than in E. autumnalis, but otherwise with the same proportions. Labellum-claw distinctly pro- duced into small erect rounded lateral lobes, tiie lamina or middle lobe almost orbicular, very convex ,and densely hairy. Column not wing-ed but the two angles ciliate as well as the outer valves of the anther. Pollen-masses distinct and almost contracted into caudicles as in E. autumnalis. — Endl. in Pl. Preiss. ii. 9. TV. Australia. Upper PLay river, Miss Warlurton; Perongerup, F. MueUer ; Swan river, Druimnond, Ist coll., Preiss, n. 2207 (which I have not seen) ; Muruhison river, Oldfield. E. Lindletji, Endl. in Pl. Preiss. ii. 10, from Swan river, Preiss, n. 2206, which I have not seen, is dislinguishcd by the shortly pedunculate less erect flowers, but is £ri)bably ouly a slight variety of E. scaher, to which it is reduced by licichb. f. ;eitr. 62. 3. E. tenuis, Lindl. Swati Biv. App. 53, Gcn. and Sp. Orch. 427. Stem glabrous, very slender, 3 to G in. hig'h and single-iiowered in all the EriocMlus.] cxx. ORCHiDEiE. 373 specimens seen. Leaf rndical, but much narrower tlian in tlie two preceding- species, lanceolate or oblong;-lanceolate and alinost obtuse. 13ract small, acute. Flower of the size of those of U. scabir, but the sepals and petals not so broad, and the lateral lobes of the labelluin scarcely proniinent. Column ciliate on the ang-les as well as the valves of the anthers as in K scaher. — Endl. in Pl. Preiss. ii. 10. W. Australia. Swan river, Drammond, \st coll. ; King George's Sound, Muir. 4. E. dilatatns, Lindl. Swan liiv. App. 53, Geyi. and Sp. Orch. 427. Stem f>-labrous or nearly so, usually rather above G in. Leaf at or below the middle but ahvays far above the basal sheathing scale, linear- lanceolate in the typical form, sessile and stem-clasping-. Flowers 1, 2 or rarely 3, resembliug- those of E. aiitumnalis. Dorsal sepal 3 to 3i lines long-, oblong- in the upper part, contracted below the middle ; lateral sepals oblong-lanceolate, acute, 5 lines long-, contracted into a slender claw ; petals about as long- as the dorsal sepal but narrower. Labellum much shorter, tlie claw erect, w^ith slig-htly prominent rounded lateral lobes, the lamina or middle lobe ovate-oblong-, long-er than broad, very convex and recurved, pubescent above. Column neither wing-ed nor ciliate. Anther-valves pubescent outside, minutely ciliate on the edg-es. W. Australia. Swan river, Martgles ; Cape Leeuwin, Collk ; Kalgan river and Dillun bay, Maxwell. Var. latlfoUus. Eather larger; leaves lanceolate. Flowers 2 to 4 and rather longer. E. latifolkis, Lindl. 11. cc. — Swan river, Mavgles. Var. Irevifolrus. Leaves smaller, ovate-lanceolate.— Swan river, Drummond; Mur- chison river, Oldfield. 5. E. multiflorus, Lindl. Swan Riv. App. 53, Gm. and Sp. Orch. 427. Glabrous or nearly so, closely resembling- E. dilutatus and perhaps a variety, the habit and foliage the same, but usually rather taller, often 1 ft. hig-h or more, the iiowers more numerous and rather smaller, sometimes above 10 in the spike or raceme. Labellum with very small lateral lobes or teeth at the end of the claw, the lamina or middle lobe oblong-, much lonaer than broad, and usually as long- as the claw. — Endl. in PI. Preiss. ii. 10. W. Australia. Swan river, Drummond, Preiss, n. 2190; Forest Hill, Muir. 41. LYPERANTHUS, R. Br. Dorsal sepal broad, concave, erect or incurved over the column ; lateral sepals and petals narrow, erect or si)reiiding-, all nearly erpial in length. Labellum shorter than the sepals, w-ith a broad erect claw sometimes dilated upwards into small erect lateral lobes, the lamina or middle lobe ovate or lanceolate, recurved, the claw or disk between the lateral lobes longitudinally thickened in the centre, the surface of the lamina or middle lobe papillose. Cohimn erect or incurved, not winged. Antlier terminal, erect, 2-ceIled ; pollen-masses g-ranular. — Terrestrial herbs often dryinj^ black, with sniall underground tubers. Scapes or 374 cxx. ORcniDE.^E. [LT/perantJms. stems 2- or more-flowered, eirlier with oneradicalleaf and 0 or 3 almost leaf-like empty biacts, or with about '2 stem-leaves. liracts usually rather laro-e and leaf-hke. Eeduced to the two following species, botli of them entlemic in Aiistralia, the genus appears more natura'ly distinct from Cnladenla, witli which Reichenbach fil. proposes to nnite it. It diflers in the Iroader galeate upper sepal, the want of calli on tlie hibellum, and the wingless cohimn, and in habit the single empty bract of Culudeniu is replaced by 2 or more leaves or somewhat leaf-hke bracts. The L. sauveolens and L. serrota have however the narrow npper sepal, the caUi on the labellum, and the winged column of Culadenia, and are correctly translerred to that gemis. A New-Caledonian species and one from the Auckland islands require further examinalion to determine their affiuities. Leaf radical, ovate-cordate, with 2 or 3 empty sheathing-bracts. Flowers 2 to 4. Labellum laniina fringed 1. L. nigricans. Leaves usually 2, ovate-cl.iptical or lanceolate. Flowers usually more than 4. Labellum lamina not fringed 2. L. elH/jticus. 1. L. nigricans, 7?. Br. Prod. 325. Stems from a few inches to nearly 1 ft. hig-h, rather stout, the wliole plant dr^-ing- black. Radical leaf rather broadly ovate-cordate, 1 to 2in. long- and often nearly as broad, thick and fleshy ; empty sheathing' bracts usually 2 or 3 below the middle of the stem, loose and leaf-like but erect, obtuse, often 1 in. long, Flowers " pale purple," 2 to 4, rather distant, nearly sessile within acute or acuminate bracts usiudly long-er than the ovary. Dorsal sepal broad, concave, much incurved, acuminate, 7 to 8 hnes long- 5 lateral sepals and petals spreading- or dellexed, narrow-linear, as long- as the dorsal sepal or the petals shorter. Labellum shorter, the claw erect or slig-htly recurved, channelled, dilated upwards into small erect lateral lobes, the middle lobe recurved or revolute with a deeply fring-ed margin ; disk thickened betw'een the lateral lobes into a more or less prominent broad longitudinal line, the surface of the middle lobe g-Ian- dular-papillose. Column incurved, nearly attaining- the lateral lobes, not wing-ed, the circular peltate stigma very prominent. — Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 392 ; Endl. IconogT. t. 7, and in PI. Preiss. ii. 5 ; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 10, t. 106 B ; Reichb. f. Beitr. 33 ; Culadenia nigricans, Reichb. f. Beitr. Q7 ; Leptoceras pectlnata, Endl. in PI. Preiss. ii. 6, not of Lindl. N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown, A. CunningJtam, and others. Victoria. Between Melbourne and Brigliton, I'\ Mueller ; Genoa Creek, Walter. Tasiuania. Forest near George Town, Archer ; Rucky Cape, Milligan. W. Australia, King George's Sound and adjoiuing districts, Menzies, F. Muel- ler, Freiss, n. 2200 ; Espurance bay aad Cape Le Grand, Maxwcll; Swan river, Drum- mond, \st coll. ; Darling range, Preiss, n. 2186. Tliis appears to be one of those species which, like some of our European terrestrial Orchidea?, have a wide geograpbical range, but are often very rare in each locality. 2. Ii. ellipticus, li. Br. Prod. 325. Stems erect or decumbent, 6 to 9 in. high, without any radical leaf, but usually with 2 narrow-ovate elliptical or lanceolate acute or acuminate leaves hig-her up, both very variable in size, 1 to 1-|- in. long- when broad, longer when narrow. PIo'vers more numerous and nearer tog-ether than in L. nigricans, g-reen Lt/peranthus.] cxx. orchide^. 375 with the lahenum varieyated wiiite and red. Sepals and petals acumi- nate with fiue points; the dorsal sepal 6 to 7 linos lon<^'-, broadly lanceohite, incurved and concave; hiteral sepals and petals rather shorter, linear or narrowly linear-hxnceolate, fhit, sHyhtly falcate, spreadinf^ or recurved. Labelhim above half as lony as the sej^als, with a sliort broad erect concave claw, the hiteral lobes obsolete, the middle lobe or himina recurved, veined, the niarg-in entire, the surface with a few raised papilhe at its base. Cohinin incurved, not winjied. — LindL Gen. and Sp. Orch. ;J92 ; Reichb. f. Beitr. '3-S ; F. MueU. Frag-m. vii. VS'S ; Caladeiiia elliptica, Keichb. f, Beitr. 07. M. S. 'Wales. Pdrt Jackson to tlie Bluo Mountaius, apparently rare, Caley, A. Cunniuf/hain, Mins Atkinson, Daintree, Fit.~ijeiald. 42. BURNETTIA, LindL Sepals and petals nearly equal, erect or connivent, the dorsal sepal incurved and concave, the lateral sepals and petals falcate. LabeHuni shorter than the sepals, sessile, undivided, erect at the base, recurved towards the end, with 2 longitudinal raised plates along- the centre broken up into calli above the middle. Column erect, incurved, winged. Anther erect, '^-celled, the outer valves broad ; pollen-masses g-ranu- h\r. — Terrestrial herbs with small underground tubers, leatless at the tinie of flowering- except empty sheathing- scales. Leaf solitarj at a dilferent time of year. Flowers few. The genus is limiteJ to a single species eDdemic in Tasmania. It is very near Cala- denia, with which Reichenbach f. proposes to unite it, but fiom which it differs in habit and in the longitudinal phites on the labeUum, as well as in ihe consistence of the periauth and its more conuiveut segmeuts. 1. B. cuneata, Lind. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 518. Flowerin^ stems 2 to 4 in. high, with several sheathing- em])ty scales, the lower ones short and imbricate, the upper ones distant, loose, often \ in. long, obtuse or passing- into the acute bracts subtending- the pedicels. Leaf (which I have not seen) according- to C. Stuart on a separate stem ovate-lanceo- late, acute, f in. long-, disappearing- some months before the Howering-. Flowers 1 to 3, erect but much incurved. Sepals and petals aljout 0 lines long-, of a thicker consistence than those of Caladeniu, " reddish- brown outside pure white within" (C. Stuart). Labellum very broad, truucate or obscurely sinuate and sometimes slightly fringed, the longi- tudinal plates of the disk shortly lobed or broken up into a few calli above the middle aud disappearing- before the end of the lamina, and a few small calli sometimes scattered over the surface, Column-wings like thbse of Caladenia. — Ilook. f Fl. Tasm. ii. 17, t. 107 ; Luperanthus Bnriu-ttii, F. Muell. Frag-m. v. 90, vii. 134 ; Caladcnia cuneata, Keichb. f. Beitr. 07. Tasmania. Rocky Cape, Gunn ; Woolnorth, Oyeter Cove, Macquarrie Harhour ; MUUijan ; ISouthport, C. 8tuart. 376 cxx. ORCHiDE^. [Cyrtostylis. 43. CYRTOSTYLIS, E. Br. Dorsal sepal linear or linear-lanceolate, erect and incurved, concave ; lateral sepals and petals very narrow, spreading-, nearly eqnal in length to the dorsal sepal, or the petals shorter. Labellum with a short claw, flat, undivided, entire, with 2 calh at the base produced into raised hnes along- the lamina. Cohimn elongated, incurved, wing-ed upwards. Anther terminal, erect, 2-celled; pollen-m'asses g-ranular distinctly cohering- in 4 masses. — Terrestrial glabrous herbs. Leaf solitary at the base of the stem, lamina broad and spreading-. Scape without any empty bract, usually bearing- a raceme of several flowers. Besirles the Australian species there are two in New Zealand. The genns is very near Caladenia, with •which Reichenbach f. unites it. The habit is more that of Acianthus. 1. C. reniformis, R. Br. Prod. 322. A small delicate glabrous plant. Leaf orbiculax-cordate or reniform, radical, sessile, the lamina varying- from under | to 1| in. diameter. Scape from under 2 in. hig-h and 1-flowered to 6 or 7 in. with 4 or 5 pale red flowers. Bracts sub- tending' the pedicels short broad loose and truncate, or rarely acumi- nate. Dorsal sepal 4 to 5 lines long- ; lateral sepals and especially the petals often shorter and very narrow. Labellum nearlv as long' as the dorsal sepal, obtuse emarginate or with a short point, the medial raised lines terminating- in the centre of the lamina or reaching- nearly to the end. Column slender, | the leng-th of the dorsal sepal, the wings sometimes very short under the anther, sometimes extending halfway down. — Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 398 ; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 26, 1. 119 ; Hook. Journ. Bot. i. t. 135 ; Culadema reniformis, Reichb. f. Beitr. Q7 . Qneensland. Brisbane river, Moreton hay, F. 3hi.eUer; Eockhampton, Thozet (doubttul, the f-pecimens too young to determine). N. S. 'Wales. Port Jackson to the Blue Mountains, B. Brown, Sieler, n. 158, and maiiy others; snuthward to Twofold bay, F. Mueller. Victoria. Wendu Vale, EoheHtion ; Portland, Allitt ; Station Peak, F. Ilueller. Tasmania. Common in open and somewhat dry ground throughout the island, /. n. Hoolcer. S. Australia. Encounter bay, Lofty Eanges, and other localities, jP. Mueller, Whittaker. Var. Huegelii. Bracts more acuminate and the labellum usually narrower. C. Huer/elii, Eiidl. in Pl. Preiss. ii. 6. 'W'. Australia. King George's Sound, Collie ; Vasse river, Oldfield ; Upper Hay river, Miss Clarke; Swau river, Drummond, Ist coll. »i. 8G2 ; Eottenest islaud, Freiss, 71. 2204. 44. CALADENIA, R. Br. Dorsal sepal erect or incurved over the column, usually narrow, lateral sepals nearly equal to it but flat and spreading, petals narrow, erect or spreading, or rarely sepals and perals all uearly equal and spreading-. Lubellum erect at the base, undivided or 3-lobed, the Caladenia.] cxx. ORCHiDEiE. 377 lateral lobes -vvhen present erect, the middle lobe or npper part of the iindivided lu])elhim recurved, the margins often fring-ed or tootbed, the disk witli sessile or stipitate oblonj:- linear or clavate calli, in 2 or more long-itudinal rows, or irreg-uhirly crowded or scattered ; in one species no calli bnt the marg-in fringed. Column erect or incurved, more or less 2-winals, erect, narrow-liuear, sometiuies almost hlitbrm but clavate towards the eud, giving- the tiower a 2-horued aspect. Labellum shorter than the se}3als, uudivided, ovate-obloug broadly ovate ol)ovate or almost orbicular, erect at the base, recurved towards the end, entire emarginate or produced into a broad obtuse point ; calli shortly linear- clavate, more or less distinctly arranged in 2 or 4 rows. Colunm rather broadly winged. — Hook. f". Fl. Tasm. ii. 27, t. 121 A ; Leptoceras Menzicsii, Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 416; Endl. in Pl. Preiss. ii. 0; €(dadviua mucrophijlla, R. Br. Prod. 325 ; Leptoceras macropluilla, Lindl. l.c. ; L. ohloiuia, Lindl. Swan Riv. App. 53, Gen. and Sp. Orch. 41G; Eudl. in Pl. Preiss, ii. 6. Victcria. Poitlaml, J/^tVf; Wendu river, /loier/sow; Bunip Creek, i^. J/«eZier. S. Australia. Guichcu bay, F. Mwller. W. Australia. King G('orge's Snuud and adjoiuing districts, Menzies, Oldfield, Freiss, n.-22\3, and several otliers ; Swan river, Oldjield, Prciss, n. 2212; also Drum- mond, n. 359. Brown distinguished two species, C. Menziesii, with short lcaves and two rows of calli to the labelhun, aud C. mocrophi/Ua, with long leaves and four rows of calli. Lindley also distinguislied a second species with 4 rows of calli, but diflerently charac- terized as to leave.s^ and also as to the shape of the calli ; but the 2 or 4 rows do not appear to me to be at all acconjpanied by auy constaut ditlerence iu the foliage, in the shape of the caili, or iii any other respect. 2. C. fimbriata, PeicJd>.f. Beitr. Qij. Glabrous or nearly so, 6 in. to 1 ft. high. Leaf sometinies very small and rarely above 1 in. long, ovate-lanceolate or obloug. Flowers usually 2 or 3, rather distant on erect pedicels of ^ to f in. Dorsal sepal oblong-lanceolate, acumiuate, concave, erect, about 4 lines long; lateral sepals about as long, lanceo- late, acuminate, s})reading or reHexed ; }3etals erect, linear-clavate, longer than the se])als but not nearly so long as in C. Menzicsii. Label- lum half as long as the sepals and broader than long, truncate and friuged at the broad end, consistiug of the very broad lateral lobes, with a very small short and broad middle lobe, either entire or slightly fringed or toothed, the disk without any calli. — L^eptocerus ,find)riata and L. pectinuta^ Lindl. Swan Riv. App. 53 ; Gen. and Sp. Orch. 416. ^V. Australia. Swan river, Drummond, \st coll. n. 856. — This is the on'.y species •without calli ou the labenuiu, but it is evideutly too closely allied to C. Menziesil to be geuerically sepiirated from it. Sect. 2. Phlebochilijs. — Sepals obscurely or distinctly acuminate, the dorsal one incurved and concave, crect behind the column or re- flexed with it. Labellum broad, with deeply coloured diverging simple 380 cxx. ORcniDE^. [Caladenia. or forked veins undivided (consisting- entirely of the lateral lobes) or with a very small and obscure middle lobe. 8. C. Cairnsiana, F. 3Incll. Frufjm. vii. 81. Stems hairy, rather slender, aboiit G in. hi<>'h in the specimens seen. Leaf linear. Flower soUtary. Sepals and petals narrow linear, about 5 lines long-, not ]>ro- duced into points, pink with dark pur])le Hnes. LabeHum about as h)ng; as the sepals, on a very short claw, broadly ovate, consisting- chieliy of the broad larg-e lateral lobes eleg-antly marked with deep purple diverg;- ing- simple or forked veins, the middle lobe very short, semi-orbicular, or sometimes obsolete, the marg-ins entire, the calli crowded in 2 rows, those on the claw and at the base of the lobes linear-clavate, those between the lobes thick and depressed. Column narrow and much curved at the base, broadly wing-ed upwards. W. Australia. North of Stirling Eange, F. Mueller. 4. C. multiclavia, jReic/tb.f. Beitr. 64. A hairy species of 0 in. to 1 ft. resembling- some forms of C. Patersoni. Leaf linear-lanceolate. Sepals and petals lanceolate striate and spreading- for about -^ in. then tapering into a long- fine point, the dorsal sepal sometimes linear from the base and usually spreading- or reHexed with the column. Labellum conlracted into a long- narrow claw almost ajipressed to and as it were lying over the column, the lamina spreading-, broadly ovate-rhomboidal, marked with deep-coloured diverging- veins, the marg-in entire ; calli on the claiv few, linear-clavate, the lower ones connate into a thick ])Iate, multipapulose on the apex, and a number of small calli or pa[)ill;e crowded at the base of the lamina. Column about as long as the dilated part of the sepals, slender at the base, winged in tlie upper half, the wings produced, in the typical form, into oblong lobes. TV. Australia, Drummond, n. 441. — Reichenbach fil. refers here also Drum- moncrs n. 440, wliich, hovvever, in Herb. Lindl. represents a form of C. Patersoni. Var. hrevicufpis. Points of tlie sepals much shorter, the dorsai sepal very narrow, and tlie petals less dilated tlian iu the tjpical form, tlie calli at the base of the labellura free or nearly so, long and clavate. — W. Australia, Drummond. 6. C. discoidea, Lindl. Snmn Eiv. App. 62 ; Gen. and Sp. Orch. 423. Usually very hairy and sometimes above 1 ft. high. Leaf broadly linear or lanceolate, usually long- and sometimes above 6 in. Flowers often 2 or 3 on the stems. Sepals 6 to 7 lines long-, shortly and acutely acu- minate, the dorsal one narrow erect incurved and concave, the lateral ones lanceolate, somewhat falcate, spreading- ; ]>etals rather longer and narrower. Labellum not much shorter than tlie sepals, broadly ovate or orbicular, undivided, marked with deep-coloured diverging' forked veins and fring-ed with rather long' cilia, very shortly contracted at the base ; calli irreg-ularly crowded along- or near the centre, thick, obovoid or oblong-, the lower ones often longer and clavate. Column narrow and incurved at the base, broadly wing-ed in the u])per half. — Endl. in PI. Preiss. ii. 9 ? Ty. Australia. Swan river, Drummond, Ist coll. — I have not seen Preiss'3 Bpecimens. Caladenia.] cxx. orchide^. 381 Sect. 3. Calonema. — Sepals acuminate, with long- or short points, the dorsal one erect incurved and concave. Labellum inconsjncuously veined, the middle lobe developed, the hvteral lobes sometimes broaJ and ilistiuct sometimes ohsoh>te, makiny the whole hdjellum to aj^pear undivided ; the disk with calli more or less distinctly arran"-ed in 2 or more lonyitudinal rows. 6. C. filamentosa, R. Br. Prod. 324. Stature and inflorescence of the typical C. l'utt/\wni and very nearly alHed to it. Leaf narrow- linear. Sej^als with the h)nj>- points of C. Patt'r.mii, but Tisually rather narrower and in the typical form apparently of a uniform red colour. Labelhim as in that form tapering- into the dark middle lobe and the marg-ins more or less fring-ed but usually smaller and narrower, tlie calli varying in thickness but always in 2 rows only along- the disk. — Hook. f. FI. Tasm. ii. 27, t. 121 B ; Keichb. f Beitr. 31 ,• C.,/ilifera, Lindl. Swaii Riv. App. 52, Gen. and Sj). Orch. 421 ; Endl. in PI. Preiss. ii. 8; Field Sert. PI. t. 73 ; C. de/iticulata, Lindl. Il.cc. ; Endl. in PI. Preiss. ii. U. N. S. Wales. Mudgee, WooUs. Tasmania. rort Dalrymple, Paterson, B. Brown; George Town, Archer ; South- port, C- ^iludrt. S. Australia. Eivoli bay, F. Mueller. W. Australia.^ King (reorge^s Somul and adjoining districts, F. Muelkr, 31uir, and otliers ; Swan river, Brummond, Ist coll. Ys.Y. pallens. Flowers appnrently pink, the points of the sepals not so long nor so fine as in the onliuaiy C. Jilamentosa. — Swan river, Drummond, n. 442, Mijlne. The C. filamentosa may be, as sugorested by F. Mueller, one of the numerous formg of C. Patersoni, cliiefly prevalcnt in W. Austra'ia, bat ihe app irently constant rednc- tion of the calli to 2 rows is accompanied by a difference in foliage which may justify its retention as a species, subject, however, to further investigatiou of living specimens. 7. C. Patersoni, R. Br. Prod. 324. More or less hairy and from under 1 ft. to near 2 ft. hig-h, the upper portion and liowers often minutely glandular-pubescent. Leaf oblong-Iinear or lanceolate, 2 or niore inches long-. Flowers 1, 2 or very rarely 3, the bracts subtendin"- the pedicels small and linear. Sepals more or less dilated in the lower part, tapering- into a long- point sometimes dilated ag-ain towards the end, the whole leng-th varying from 1 in. to above 2 in., the points or the whole sepal usually g-Iandular-pubescent. Petals shorter and not dilated at the base or rarely as long- as the sepals. Labellum rarely half as long»- as the sepals, broadly ovate or ovate-Ianceolate and undi- vided or dilated into broad lateral lobes, the marg-ins more or less fring-ed ciliate or crenate, the end or midclle lobe recurved ; calli nu- merous, linear or clavate, more or less distinctly arrang-ed in 4 or more longitudinal rows. Column as long- as the erect portion of the labellum, shortly winged at the apex ; anther-point usually prominent. — Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 422 ; Keichb. f Beitr. 31 ; C. pidcherrinia, F. JMuell. Frag-m. v. 1)3, 101. Very variable in the length and proportions of tlie scpals, in the sliape of the labeilum and its fringes and calli, and in ihc colour of the flowers, whicli are usu.dly of a pale greenish hue outside and yeilowish or pink in^ide, the calli and end or middle lobe of thc labellum usually anJ somctimes the wholc disk of a rich purple. 'i he 382 cxx. ORCHiDE^. [Caladenia. follnwinc; arc tlio principal forms tliis species assumes, regarded \>y Lintlley and others as distinct species, btit passing too gradually into eacli other to be clearly marked out from dried speciniens. Var. dilatata. Labelhim with broad lateral usnally pale-coloured deeply fringed lobes, the niiddle lobe ovate, dark-coloured ; calli very numer. 'Us in several rows. Sepal piiints very long, cspeciallv in the Wesiern specimens. C. ililatata, IL Br. Piod. 325 ; Lindl. Gcn. aud Sp. Or?h" 422 ; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 27, t. 122 B; lieichb. f, Beitr. 32; C. fiJa^nentosa, Lindl. l.c. 421, not of R. Br. ; C. lonc/icauda, Lindl. Swan Eiv. App 52, "t. 8 A ; Gnn. and Sp Orch. 422 ; EndL in Pl. Preiss. ii. 9. N. S. Wales. Port Jackson and Blue Mountain.s, Woolh ; Xew England, C. Stuart. Victoria. JJelbourne and Yarra Yarra, Adamson, Waltcr ; from tlie Grampians to Gipps' Laud, F. Jlueller, and others. Tasmania. Circular Hcad, Gunn : forest lands near Cheshunt, Archer. S. Australia. Bugle Range, F. MucUer. W. Australia. King George's Sound to Vasse and Swan rivers, Drummond, Ist coll., also n. 129, 439, 440, Preists, n. 2217, Oldfield, and niany olhers. — Apparently a common Western species, kuown by the name of " Spider Oichis," and usually with reniarkably Inng poiuts to the sepals, and the lateral lobes of the labellum large, broad, and much fringed. Var. typica. Labellum usually ovate with fringed margins gradually tapcring into the broad recurved crenulate undulate or shortly fringed apex or middle lobe, the lateral lobes but little prorainent or quite obsolete. Calli of the disk very prominent or linear, distinctly arrangcd in 4 or 6 rows. Such at least are the usual ehai-acters ; bnt the precise shape of the iabelium, the prominence of the iateral lobes, the fringes of its mavgin, the number of calli, their shape usually longer more chavate or more slender towards tlie base of the disk, mnre dcpressed towards the end, the rows regnlar and distinct or crowded and confused towards the central line, vary often frnm specimen to Fpecimen, and in a large pvoporlion of the very nnuierous specimens I have had berore nie, tlie precise shape and arrangement of these calli cannot be well ascerlained in their dried state. The wlmle species, and the aliied C. filamenfosa a.nd C. clavigera includedin it by F. Mueller, reqnire crilically workinir up in their native country, where alone it can be ascertained how far liybridisni may have contributcd to the confusion of difFerent specics or subspecies. — Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 28, t. 123 A. N. S. Wales. Bathurst, Woolls ; Murrumbidgee river, i^. J/ueZZer. Victoria. Grampinns, /'. iludler ; Burra-Burra, Binteraclcer. Tasmania. Port Dalrymple, Paterson [R. Broion) ; abundant throughout the island, /. I). Hooher. S. Australia. Several specimens from the neighhourhood of St. Vincenfs Gulf, F. Mudler, and others, belong to this form. pC. pallida, Lindl Gen. and Sp Orch. 421, Hook. f Fl. Tasm. ii. 28, from Circular Head, Gunn, is a slight variety of C. Patersoni, witli a paler less fringed labellum. C. Behrii and C. tcvtacidata, Schlccht. in Linni\;a, xx. 569 and 571, wduhl appear, from the descriptions given, to be among the innumerable forms assumed by this species. 8. C. clavigera, A. Cimn. ; Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 422. Statiire bairiness and oblon<>--linear or lanceolate leaf of C. Pafc>'soni, of wliich tbis is considered by F. Mueller to be a variety. Sepals usually about 1 in. long', lanceolate at tbe base witb long- fine points usually but not always clavate at tbe end ; petals sborter and not clavate. Labellum under | in. loug-, tbe broad yellow lateral lobes quite entire, tbe purple middle lobe eitber entire or slig-btly crenate towards tbe base ; calli in about 4 rows as in C. Patersonl. — Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 28, t. 222 A. N. S. 'Wales. Near Bathur^^t, A. Cunningham. Victoria. BalLirat, Glendinning ; Malden, JJrs. Noit. Tasmauia. Circular Head, Gunn; Tamar river, Archer ; Flinders island, Mil- ligan. Caladenia.] cxx. onCHiDE/E. 383 0. C. Drummondii, Bmth. Our s])eciinons small, tlie leaf brnader for its leng'tli tluin in any otlier speeics of Cahidniin, ovate-lanceolate, ^ in. lonji- and j in. broad, Imt not yet fiilly developed. Flowor solitary on a liairy scape of 12 to 3 in., without any enipty bract but a long- closely slieathing one subtendin^- the terminal pedicel. Sejials and petals nearly of C. hirtn, about J in. long-, including the point whicli is shorter than or about as lonp,- as the dilated part, dark-coloured with the dilated marg-in whitish. L-abellum nearly of C. claviffcra, closely sessile, the lateral lobes broadly rounded, apparently white and entire, the middle lobe broadly oblong'-lanceolate, recurved ; calli acute, in about 4 rows. Column shortly and broadly wing-ed under the anther, the connective apparently without any point. TV. Australia. Swan rivcr, Drummond. — Witliont mncli of cliaracter in the flower, tliis species clifTers from the wlioie genns in the sliape of its leaf. It is only known however from two speciniens of Drummond's in Herb. Hooker. 10. C. hirta, Lindl. Swan Riv. App. 52; Gcn. and Sp. Orch. 421. Very hairy and often abore 1 ft. hig-h, the root more creejiing- than in most species. Leaf oblong' or lanceolate, 2 to 4 in. long-. Flowers 2 or 3, more or less pink. Se])als and petals | to 1 in. long-, irreg-ularly acuminate, but the points niucli shorter than in C. Patcr.soni, and alwavs shorter than the dilated portion. Labellum at least half as long- as tlie sepals, ovate-oblong- or ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, undivided but more or less fring-ed from the middle upwards, contracted and erect at the base, recurved towards the end; calli linear, more or less reg-ularly placed in 4 to 6 rows. Column winged upwards. Anther with a prominent point. — Endl. in Pl. Preiss. ii. 9 ; C. mollis, Endl. l.c. 8, accordino- to Reichb. f. W. Australia. Swan river, Drummond, Ist coll. ; Toodyay and Kalgan river Oldjield ; Stirliiig range, F. Mucller ; West Mount Earren and Salt river, Maxwell ■ also Preiss, n. 2213 and 2218 {Beichb.f.}. 11. C. Roei, Bcnfh. Ilairy, 6 to 8 in. hig-li. Leaf narrow-Iinear the emi^ty bract on the stem 3 to 5 lines long- and almost leaf-Iike. Flower solitary from a sheathing- bract of 4 or 5 lines, Sepals and petals G to 7 lines long- including- the points which are much shorter than the dilated part. Labellum with a distinct unwing-ed claw of about 1 line, the lateral lobes very large and broad, light-coloured, not frin"-ed the whole labellum expanding- to a breadth of nearly -J in., the middle lobe much smaller, recurved dark-coloured and denticulate or frinired with short calli ; one larg-e long- callus between the lateral lobes at die top of the claw, and small obtuse calli compactly crowded alon"- tlie central line. Column long, incurved, broadly and shortly wing-ed under the anther. W. Australia, 7?oe.— Only seen in Herb. Hook. Allied to C. Barharossa, but differing iii foliage and vcrj- much in the labellum. 12. C. Barbarossse, Bcichh. f. Bcitr. G4. Stem hairy, G to 10 in. bigh. Leaf lanceolate or obl(ing--linear, attaining- about 2"in. Flower soiitary from a loosely sheathing- bract. Se])als and petals G to 8 lines 884 cxx. ORCHiDE^. [Caladmia. long-, linear or linear-lanceolare, produced into a short point, of a pale colour witli a daik central line. Labellum with an unwinjied channelled chiw of about 2 lines, the lateral lobes Hnear-falcate and erect, the middle lobe twice as long-, broadly oblong-, recurved, the margin fring-ed, the disk with 2 curved lines fring-ed with small calli, a long- erect cla- vate callus dilated or 2-horned at the end at the top of the claw between the hiteral lobes, and on each side of it a smaller pubescent linear or oblong callus. Column winged from the middle upwards. Anther without any point. W. Australia. Swan river, Drummond, \st coll. (n. 861, according to Reiclib. f.). Altbougli tbe conspicuous callus on tlie labellum of tbis species and of C. lioei is ruucb like tbe appendage of Glossodia, its position witb regard to tiie bibelluni and column is very ditierent, and does not necessariiy require tbe union of tbe two genera. Sect. 4. EucALADENiA. — Scpals acute or obscurelj acuminate, rarelv obtuse, not produced into a distinct point, the dorsal one usually ereet and concave but sometimes not very ditferent from the others. Labellum inconspicuously veined ; calli sometimes in 2 rows either parallel or short and ahnost joining- in a semicircle, sometimes irreg'u- larly arranged in 2 to 4 rows or crowded along- the centre. 13. C. flava, E. Br. Prod. 324. Hairy, more g-landular than most species and usually low, rarely attaining- 1 ft., the underground stems very woolly and knotty. Leaf hmceolate, rather larg-e for the plant. Flowers larg-e, yellovv, usually 2 to 4 or even 5 on a ilexuose rhachis. Sepals and petals broadly hmceolate, rather acute or almost acuminate, contracted at the base, the hiteral sepals often above 1 in. long', with a somewhat darker middle line ; dorsal sepal rather smaller, less yellow Avith a more or less distinct reddish line or red blotches along' the centre. Petals still shorter, pale yellow or whitish and more red in the centre. Labellum 3 to 4 liues long- and broad, with a very short broad concave claw, the broad htmina cordate at the base, deeply 3-lobed, the lateral lobes ovate, shortly acuminate, the middle lobe rather longer and hmceolate, bordered on each side by 2 or 3 long- linear-clavate calli ; calli of the disk linear-chivate, in 2 rows ahnost converg-ing- into a semicircle. Column wing-ed from the base. Anther with a long- point. — LindL Gen. and Sp. Orch. 418 ; EndL in PL Preiss. ii. 7 ; F. MuelL Fragm. vi. 83 ; Reichb. f. Beitr. 29. yjV. Australia. King George's Sound and adjoining districts, Menzie-t, F. Mueller, and niany olbers, and tbence to Swan river, Drummond, Ist coll. n. 827, Preiss, n. 2209. 14. C. latifolia, B. Br. Prod. 324. Hairy, from ^ to 1 ft. liigh. Leaf oblong--hiuceohite, IJ- to 4 in. long-. Flowers pink or rarely white, usuallv 2 or 3, rather distant, on short pedicels. Lateral sepals varying" in different specimens from 0 to 11 lines long-, oblong--hinceolate, obtuse or scarcely acute, the dorsal sepal rather shorter and more acute, the petals somewhat shorter and more lanceolate. Labellum not ^ the length of the sepals, shortly cuneate at the base, deeply 3-lobed, the lateral lobes oblong- obtuse and entire, the middle lobe longer, ovate or Caladcnia.] CXX. ORCHIDEJE. 385 broadly lanceolate, fringed near the base with a few marginal calli, the calli of the disk linear-clavate, rather long, in 2 short converginy rovvs, sometimes ahnost formin}»" a semicircle, sometimcs rather longer and more paralleL Cohunn shortly and rather broadly winged at tlie apcx. Anthers with a long point. — LindL Gen. and Sj). Orch. 419; Reichb. f. Bcitr. 30, 04 ; Hook. f. FL Tasm. ii. 28 ; C. mollis, LindL Swan Riv. A])p. 51 ; Gen. and Sp. Orch. 419 ; C. elongata, LindL Swan Riv. A]>p. 52 ; Gen. and Sp. Orch. 419. N. S. Wales. Cape Ilowe, F. Muelhr. Victoria. \\\iulu Vale, Bobirtson; Melbourne, Adamson; Mount William, P. Mutlkr; Littlo rivt-r, Fidlagar. Tasmania. VoY\.J)d\vyvn^\e, B. Brown; Woolnortb, Circular Heacl, and Geoi'ge- town, Gunn ; Hobarton, Archer. S. Australia. St. Vincenfs Gulf auJ neigbbouriug mountains, F. Mueller and others. W. Australia (usually with rather larger flowers). King George's Sound, F. Mueller aud otbers ; Swan river, Drummond, \st coll. n.QiQ; Freiss, n. 2184, Old- field. Var. anqustifolia. Leaves almost linear. — Upper Hay river, 3Iiss Warburton ; Lake Muir, Muir. C. maryinata, Lindl. Swan Riv. App. 51, Gen. and Sp. Orch. 419, from King George'8 Sound, is, I think, a variety of C. latifoUa, with tbe calli shorter, more numerous, in 2 longer rows. C. ochreata, Lindl. U. cc, from Swan river, Drummond, Ist coll., is a siniilar variety, with the raiddle lobe crenulate only, not prominently fringed. C. mar- ginata and C. ochreata of Endl. PL Preiss. ii. 8, are referrcd by Reicbenbach f. to the typical C. latifolia. 15. C. reptans, Lindl. Swan Eiv. App. 52 ; Gen. and Sp. Orch. 419. A small 1-iiowered species, with a})parently a cree])ing" underg-round stem, in other res])ects closely resembling- C. latlfoUa, of which it is ])erha])s a variet}^ Leaf oblong- or hmceolate. Se])als and petals of C. latifoUa or rather more obtuse ; hibellum contracted into a long^er claw, deejily 3-lobed, the middle lobe not fring-ed, the calli of the disk long- and thick, more or less united at the base into 2 deejily-lobed laminte, forming- 2 short converging' rows placed in a semicircle or almost trausverse. ^V. Australia. Swan river, Drummond, Ist coll. — Reichenbach fil. Beitr. 64, refers alsu to this species C. Preissii and C. nana, Endl. in PL Preiss. ii. 7. 16. C. suaveolens, lieichh.f. "Beifr. G7. Glabrous and usually 1 ft. high or rather more. Leaf linear or linear-lanceolate, 6 to 8 in. long-, and often 2 or 3 empty sheathing- scales on the stem. Flowers 2 to 6, rather distant, almost sessile within sheathing' bracts of -^ to | in. Dorsal sepal lanceolate, acuminate, incurved, concave, | to nearly 1 in. long ; lateral sepals and ]ietals nearly as long-, linear, s})reading- or re- curved. Labellum not half so long as the sepals, the erect part broad with the erect lateral lobes rounded and not very ])roniinent, the middle lobe ovate-oblong, obtuse, recurved ; calli in 2 rows along- the claw or erect part and between the lateral lobes, sometimes almost contiuent, the remainder of the disk almost coverod with smallcr calli or ])a}jilhe niore or less arranged in several rows. Column broadly winged. Anther VOL. VI. C C 386 CXX. ORCHlDEiE. [Caladenta. with a promineiit point. — Lyperanthus s^iaveolens, R. Br. Prod. 325 ; lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 392; F. Muell. Frag-m. v. 98; Reiclib. f. Beitr. 32; Caladcnia sulphurea, A. Cunn. in Field, N. S. Wales, 361. Leptoceras svIphMrea, Lindl, Gen. and Sp. Orch. 416. N. S. 'Wales. Port Jaikson to tlie Blue Mountains, R. Brown, Woolls, A. Cun- nivffhfim, and others ; New England, C. Stuart. Victoria. East Gipps' Land, Walter. Tasmania. Dentrecastreaux Channel, MilUgan. 17. C. serrata, Reichh. f. Beitr. Q7. Nearly resemhles C. suaveolem in hahit and fohag-e, but usually a stouter and taller ph\nt. Leaf broadly linear, often above 1 ft. long*. Flowers 4 to 6, " greenish out- side purpHsh pink inside, the labellum yellowish towards the tip." Bracts above 1 in. long', finely acuminate. Sepals shortly acuminate, the dorsal one lanceolate, incurved, concave, 6 to 7 hnes long- ; the lateral sopals and petals narrower and rather longer. Labelhim more than half as long-, the lateral lobes erect as in C. suaveolcns, but rather broader, the middle lobe more lanceoh^te, the marg'ins usually undulate crisped or shortly fring-ed ; caUi hnear, in 2 rows along- the centre, and smaller ones in several rows on the remainder of the disk. Column wing-ed. Anther acuminate. — Lt/peranthus serratns, LindL Gen. and Sp. Orch. 393; EndL in PL Preiss. ii. 6. W. Australia. Swan river, Drummond, Ist coll.; Cape Leschenault, Oldfield; King George'B Sound, Mulr ; near Wulgcnup, Prei^e, n. 2189, F. Mueller. 18. C. camea, R. Br. Prod. 324. Slender, usually under 1 ft. liig-h, sparingly hairy or nearly g-labrous or g-landular papillose. Leaf narrow- linear, often long-. Flowers 1 to 3, pink in the typical form, often long-itudinally veined and usually witli transverse bands of a diirker hue on the labellum and column. Sepals 6 to 8 lines long-, or in some varieties rather smaller, lanceolate, acute, the dorsal sepal erect and as well as the petals rather smaller than the lateral ones. Labellum not above half as long- as the lateral sepals, the lateral lobes broad obtuse and prominent, the middle lobe lanceolate, recurved, fring-ed with a few linear calH ; calli of the disk hnear in 2 rows in the typical form. Cohimn narrowly winged. — LindL Gen. and Sp. Orch. 417 ; EndL IconogT. t. 51 ; Hook. f FL Tasm. ii. 29, t. 124 A ; Reichb. f Beitr. 28 ; Arethusa cutenata, Sm. Exot. Bot. t. 1(J4 ; C. alatu, R. Br. Prod. 324 (with smaller flowers) ; LindL Gen. and Sp. Orch. 418; Hook. f. FL Tasm. iL 30, t. 125 ; Reichb. f Beitr. 29 ; C. angustata, Hook. f. Lc. Queensland. Keppel and Rhoalwater bays, Tt. Brown; from Brisbane to Wide bay iii grcat abtindance, Leichliardt, F. Mueller, and others ; Kockhanipton, 0'iSha- ncny ; Ncikool Creek, Boivman ; Darling Dovvn.s, Law ; Mount Eliiott, Fitudun. N. S. Wales. Purt Jackson to the Biue Mountains, R. Brown and niany others; nortliward to Kichniond rivcr, Henderson ; New England, C. Stuart; southward to Twolold bay, /''. Mueller. Victoria. Froni the Glciiclg to Gipps' Land, F. Mueller, Rohertson, and others. Tasmania. Abundaiit thiougboiit tlie isiaiid, /. I). Hooher aiid others. S. Australia. From tlie Glciiclg fo St. Vincenfs Gulf, numerous localities, F. MueUer aiid others ; Kangaroo island, Waterhousa. Cakuknia.] ' cxx. ORCHIDE^. 387 Var. alba. Flovrers ^rbite. I can see no otlier diflcrence. C. alba, R. Br. Prod. 323 ; Lindl. Gen. ai-d Sp. Orcli. 417 ; Keichb. f. Beitr. 28.— Port Jackson, E. Bruwn, Woolls, A. Cunningham, and a few of tlie southern specimens. Var. quadristriata. Labeilum with 4 rows of calii ; Howers pink. — Between Rivoli bay and Mount Gambier, F. Mudler; Southport, Tasmania, C. iStuart. 19. C. testacea, JR, B>\ Prod. 324. A slender plant with narrow linear leaves, very much resem])ling' the smaller speeimens of" C. cuniea, and united witli that species by F. Mueller. Sepals and petals narrower and more contracted at tlie base. Labelhmi with the hiteral lobes less prominent and more fringed, tlie caUi of the disk numerous, much crowded in about 4 rows, the lower ones mostly stipitate or oblong- clavate, the upper onesvery dense and depressed. — Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 420 ; Keichb. f. Beitr. 30 ; C. graciliSy R. Br. l.c. ; Reichb. f. l.c. ; Lindl. l.c. 423 ; C. angustata, Lindl. l.c. 420. N. S. Wales. Port Jackson to the Blue Mouiitains, R. Brown, A. Cunningham, Woolh, and others. Victoria. Port Phillip, Gunn. Tasmania, Port Dalrymple, R. Brown; Southport, C Stuart. 20. C. congesta, i?. Br. Prod. 324. A slender g-landular-pubescent or nearly g-hibrous species, allied to C. carnea but easily distingaiished by the labellum. Stems 9 in. to 1 ft. high. Leaf narrow-linear. Flowers 1 or 2, pink. Sepals and petals narrow-lanceohtte, acute, ^ to I in. long-, the dorsal sepal erect incurved and concave. Labellum fully half as long- as the sepals, narrow, contracted into a claw, 3-lobed, the lateral lobes erect incurved and rather long", the middle lobe longer, narrow-lanceolate, recurved, densely covered with thick obtuse calli, either sessile or the lower ones somewhat contracted at the base. — Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 420 ; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 30, 1. 124 ; Reichb. f. Beitr. 31. N. S. Wales. Near Bathurst, A. Cunningham ; in the interior, M'Arthur. Tasmania. Port Dalrymple, £. Brotcn; open forest land, Cheshunt, and Port Sorrel, Archer. W. Australia ? Swan river, Mangles in Herh. Lindl. — Perhaps not really be- longing to this species. 21. C. aphylla, Benth. Stems slender almost filiform, g-labrous, attaining- 1 to 1-| ft., arising from a rather large ovoid tuber, without anv leaf at all at the time of flowering-, and with only 1 or 2 short scftrious scales at the base, and jio empty bract liigher up except a small one at a short distance from the flower (subtending- the pedicel). Flower solitarv, slig-htly papillose or quite glabrous. Sepals and petals narrow-lanceolate, acutely but very shortly acuminate, tapering at the base, f to nearly 1 in. long-, the dorsal one erect and coucave. La- bellum more than half as long- as the sepals, contracted into a claw, the lateral lobes erect incurved almost acute. the middle lobe longer hmceolate and recurved, the marg-in entire ; calU rather loug-, linear- clavate, numerous or few, in 2 rows sometimes not extending- beyond the lateral lobes, sometimes reacbing- halfway along- the middle lobe. ^V. Australia. Kiiig Ge(irge's Sound, Hurvnj ; Hay and Kalgan rivers, F. Mueller; near Three-miles Plain, Maxwell; Forest Hill, Muir. c c2 388 cxx. ORCHiDE-s:. " [Caladenia. 22. C. cserulea, B. Br. Prod. 32^. A smaller [xlant than C. dcformis, more glabrous, the empty bract on the stem sraaller and more erect but with the solitary blue llower of that species. Leaf linear or linear- lanceolate. Stem rarely 6 in. hig-h. Lateral sepals 4 to 5 lines long, oblong-lanceolate, g-hinduhir-dotted but scarcely veined; dorsal sepal as long but narrower ; petals both narrower and shorter. Labellum more than half or nearly as long as the lateral sepals, broad almost from the base ; lateral lobes broad, erect, obtuse, with transverse bands of a darker hue, middle lobe lanceolate, almost acute, entire or shghtly fringed; calli linear-clavate, in 2 rows. Column rather narrowly winged almost from the base. Anther-point very short. — Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 417 ; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 29 ; Reichb. f Beitr. 28. N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brovm, Sieher, n. 163, and many others ; New England, C. Stuart ; southward to Twofold bay, i^. Mueller. Victoria. North of ^Vombavne river, F. Mueller. Tasmania, Bauer {Brown, lieichenhach Jil.). — I-have seen no Tasmanian speci- mens ; there are none in herb. K. Brown. 23. C. saccharata, JR^ichb. JBeifr. 6S. Verj^ nearly allied to /7. c«mZm and perhaps only a local form of it, the structure of the ilower apparently the same. The leaves are rather longer and narrower and the petals and sepals also longer and narrower, the colour of the flowers, probably blue, but not recorded. The station however is so very different from that of C. cceriilca, which in the East has not the extended range of C. dcformis, that a further examination of fresh flowers may prove it to be really distinct. "W, Australia, Drummond, 4th coll. n. 324. 24. C. deformis, R. Br". Prod. 324. A small species, usually only slightly hairy and rarely much above 6 in. high. Leaf linear, some- times rather long. Scape with a single blue flower larger than in C. cceridea. Sepals and petals nearly equal, 7 to 8 lines long, linear- oblong or lauceolate, rather obtuse, slightly contracted towards the base, the dorsal sepal more erect than the others and concave. Label- lum with an erect linear chiw of 2 to 3 lines, the hmiina ovate, recurved, more or less fringed on the margin, the lateral lobes scarcely prominent or quite obsolete ; calli of the disk oblong- linear or slightlj clavate, very numerous and crowded, sometimes covering the w-hole of the reflexed portion of the iamimi, fewer and smaller along the claw. Column narrowly winged the whole length. Point of the anther short.— Reichb. f. Beitr. 29; C. barbata, Lindl. l.c. 418; Hook. £ FL Tasm. ii. 29, t. 123 B ; C. unffuiculata, Lindl. Sw. Riv. App. 51 ; Gen. and Sp. Orch. 418 ; Endh in Pl. Preiss. ii. 7. N, S. Wales. Near Albury. Beattie. Victoria, Portland, Alhtt ; Port Phillip and Melbourne, Gunn, Adamson; Nan- gatta Kaiige and Genoa river, F. Muellcr; Ararat, Green; Burra-Burra, Hin- teracher. Tasmania. Port Dalrymple, R. Broivn; abundant throughout the island, J. D. Hooker ; Flinders island, Millif/an. S, Australia. Froni the Murray to St. Vincent's Gulf, F. Mueller; York Penin- sula, Fowler; Biscuit flat, Schulzen. Caladenia.] CXX. OKCHIBE*. 38[>" W. Australia. Point Henry, F. Mueller ; Lake Muir, Midr ; Swan river, Drninmond, \st coll., Pniss, n. 2191. Var. alhiflora. Flower white, with the lateral lobes of the hibellum rather more prominent. — S. Australia, F. Mueller. 25. C. sericea, Lindl. Sw. Eiv. App. 52, and Gen. md Sp. Orch. 418. Usually sottly villous, the hairs especially on the leaves shorter more deuse autl silky than in any other species. Leaf oblong--lanceolate, ofteu rather broad, 1 to 3 in. lono\ Steni from 0 in. to 1 ft. with 1 or 2 rather larg-e blue tlowers, much incurved in the bud. Sepals and petals nearly equal, | to 1 in. long-, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse or nearly acute, the dorsal one more erect than the others and concave. Labellum at least half as long- as the sepals, contracted at the base, cuneate up- wards, nearly equally S-lobed at the end, the lateral lobes erect, shortly oblong, incurved and obtuse, the middle lobe recurved, shortly fringed with a few calli ; calli of the disk short, linear or slightly clavate, iu about 4: rows, with a few long linear-clavate ones at tlie base of the limb, the lowest ones sometimes united in linear or oblong plates. W. Australia. Swan river, Drummond, \st coU., also n. 119; King George's Souud, Jluir ; Upper Hay river, Miss Warburtoii. Sect. 5. Pentisia. — Sepals and petals nearly equal, all obtuse and spreading. Labellum and column very short. Calli of the disk small and numerous, in longitudinal rows. As observed by Reichenbach fil., this section in its perianth connects Caladenia with Glossodia, but the calli of the labellum are entirely those of tbe former, without the remarkable basal appeudages of the latter genus. 26. C. gemmata, Lindl. Sm. Riv. App. 52, and Gen. and Sp. Orch. 420. Loosely hairy and 6 to 8 in. high when 1-Howered, rather taller when 2-llowered. Leaf ovate or ovate-lanceolate, rarely above 1 in. long. Flower rather large, of a soft deep blue. Sepals and petals broadly elliptical-oblong, about f in. long, obtuse, contracted at the base and almost clawed. Labellum broadly ovate, undivided, erect at the base but scarcely contracted into a claw, recurved at the end and obtuse ; calli small and clavate in numerous longitudinal rows. Column the length of the labellum, narrowly winged the whole length. Anther witli a prominent point. — Endl. in Pl. Preiss.. ii. 8 ; C. pellitUj Endl. l.c. {lleichb. f.). W. Australia. King George's Sound to Swan river, Drummond, Oldfield, F. Mudler, and others, Preiss, n. 2193 (niixed with Glossodia Brunonis, according to Eeichenbach f.) ; eastward to Salt river and South-west bay, Alaxwell. 27. C. ixioides, Lindl. Sm. Biv. Ajrp. 62, and Gen. and Sp. Orch. 420. Closely resembles C gemmata in habit stature and size and general structure of the flower, and possibly a variety only, but the flowers (from the dried specimens) appear to iiave been yellow, the labellum is not so broad, more acuminate and sometimes obscurely 3-lobed, and the calli of its surface are more ])rominent, almost linear. ^V, Australia, Swan river, Drummond^ \st coll. 300 CXX. ORCHIDE^. [ChilogloUiS. 45. CHILOGLOTTIS, R. Br. Dorsal sepal erect, incurved, concave, contracted at the base ; lateral sepals narrow-linear or terete ; petals lanceolate falcate. Labellum on a very short claw, ovate or obovate, undivided, the disk with variously arrang-ed calli. Colunin elongated, incurved, wing-ed. Anther terminal, erect, 2-celled ; pollen-masses g-ranular. — Terrestrial herbs, with small underground tubers. Leaves 2, radical or nearly so. Scape 1-flowered, without any empty bract below the one subtending- the terminal pedicel. Besides the two Australian species which are endemic, there is one from the Auck- land islands and another from New Zealand, if the Cal/idenia hifoUa, Hnok. f, he re- ferred to it. It has the petals broa(ier than the lateral sepals and the 2leaved hahit of Chiloglottia, biit was referred to Caladenia becaiise the wing of the column does not extend behind the anther as in the other species, a dilierence like that which separates the two sections of Glossodia. Eeicheubach fil. proposes to unite the whule genus Chihglottis with Caladenia. Dorsal sepal 5 to 6 lines lon^, much contracted at the base ; lateral sepals linear-terete. Calliofthe labellum slender, scattered over the whole disk 1. (7. diphylla. Dorsal sepal 8 to 9 lines long, not much contracted at the base ; lateral sepals linear. Calli of the labellum thick and crowded along the centre 2. C. Gunnii. 1. C. diphylla, 7?. Br. Prod. 323. Radical leaves 2, from ovate- elliptical to oblong-lanceolate, usually acute, | to l-|in. long-, contracted into a petiole of 2 to 3 lines. Scape from 3 to G in. high, bearing- occasionally a single sheathing- bract near the base besides the one sub- tending- the terminal pedicel. Dorsal sepal cuneate, 5 to G lines long-, shortly acuminate and much contracted in thelower half; latcral sej^als linear-terete, spreading or reflexed, very slender or somewhat thickened in the upper half, as long- as or longer than the dorsal one ; petals lanceolate, attached by a broad base, acute, rather shorter than the sepals. Labellum more or less obovate, obtuse or acute, contracted at the base into a distinct long- or short claw ; calli covering- the disk, mostly shortly linear, but some larg-er and thicker ones arrang-ed more or less in 2 rows, and 1 or 2 at the base of the lamina, much long-er rather thick and reflexed, all however very variable as to form and numbers. Column about as long- as the petals. — Bauer, 111. Pl. N. Holl. t. 8 ; Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 38G ; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 23 ; Reichb. f. Beitr. 27 ; Caladcniu diphylla, Reichb. f Beitr. G? ; Epipactis reficxa. Labill. Pl. Nov. Holl. ii. GO, t. 211, f 1; Aciantkus? bi/oliits, R. Br.Prod. 322; Reichb. f. Beitr. 2G. Queensland, Brisbane river, Moreton bay, i*'. Mueller. N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brovm, Woolls ; Clarence river, Wilcox. Victoria. WiIson's Promontory, F. Mueller (without flowers, but probably this species). Tasmania. Shaded places, Woolnorth, Circular Head, &c., Gunn, Archer; South- port, C. JStuart. The calli of the labellum vary much, the slender clavate ones are sometimes limitcd to a broad tuft or patch at the base of the lamiua, somctimes extcud over a grcut part Cflilofflottis.] CXX. ORCHIDEiE. 391 of it and descend along the claw, tlie tbick ones are usually few and the 1 or 2 long reflexcd ones are often very proiiiiaent ; sometimes also there are a pair of small ones near the base of the claw. 2. C. G\inmi, Lindl. Gcn. and Sp. Orch. 387. Often a smallcr plant than C. diphijUa, but not so slender. Leaves rather larg-er and broader, sometimes nearly 2 in. long-. Scape usually short, but in some specimens 7 to 8 in. long*, the sheathing- bract obtuse and loose, ^ in. long'. Dorsal sepal 8 to 9 lines h)ng-, obovate-obhjng-, much less con- tracted below the niithlle than in C. diph/jlla, acuminate acute or ahnost obtuse. Lateral sej^als narrow-linear or slightly lanceohtte at the base, acutely acuminate but not terete; petals rather broadly lanceohate- falcate, ahnost as long as the sepals. Labellum on a very short clnw^ broadly ovate, acute : calli all thick, either crowded along the centre of the disk or more or less arranged in 2 rows, without any of the slender linear-clavate ones of C. diphylla. — Hook. f. FL Tasm. ii. 23, t. 108 ; Caladenia Gutmii, Reichb. f. Beitr. 67. Victoria. Dandonong range, higher mountains on the Avon river, summit of Mouut William, at an elevation of 5000 ft., F. Jlueller. Tasmania. ShaJed banks, &c., Circular Head, Cheshunt, Hobarton, Gunn, Archer, and others ; Southport, C. Stuart ; summit of Beu Lomond, at an elevation of 5000 ft,, Mdligan. 46. GLOSSODIA, R. Br. Sepals and petals nearly equal, spreading-. Labelkim sessile, undi- vided, not fring-ed, without calli or plates on the disk, but, at its base, 2 (sometimes united into 1) linear clavate calli or appendages erect against the column and from half to nearly its whole length. Cohimn erect, often incurved, 2-winged. Anther erect, 2-celled, the outer valves broad, the inner much smaller, the connective produced into a small point. Pollen-masses granular. — Terrestrial herbs usually iiairy, with small underground tubers. Leaf soHtary, oblong or lanceolate, from within a scarious sheath close to the ground ; ilowers 1 to 2 on an erect scape, leailess except an empty sheathing bract at or below the middle, and a similar bract under each pedicel. Mow^ers erect, blue or purple. The genus is limited to Australia. It is closely allied to the section Pentisia of Caladenia, but the peculiar position aud form of the calli, constant in all the species, and probably performiug some special function in the fertilizing process, may justify its retention as a genus, rather than mergiug it into Caladenia, ;is proposed by Keichen- bach til. The two sections might almost be considered as distinct genera. Sect. 1. Euglossodia. — Labdlum with a broad biconvex pubescent base. Column- tmng not at all or scarceli/ extending above the hase of the anthers. Eastern species. Sepals and petals 7 to 10 lines long. Labellum-appendage single, dilatod and 2-dentate at the apex . 1. G. major. Sepals and petals 4 to 6 lines long. Lahellum-appendages 2, linear- clavate, scarcely united at the base 2. G. minor. Sect. 2. Eleutheranthera. — Lalellum narroin and glabrous. Column-wing ex- tending beyond the unt/ter andforining a hood over it. Western speciee. Flowers usually 2, deep blue. Labellum shorter than the column, lanceolate or liuear Z. G. Brunonis. 392 cxx, ORCHiDE^. [Glossodia. Flowers usually solitary (reddistpurple?). Labellum as long as or longer thau the column, oblong, emarginate 4. (?. emarginata. Sect. 1. EuGLOSSODiA. — Labellum with a broad biconvex pubescent base. Column-wing- not at all or scarcely extending above tlie base of the anthers. 1. G. major, F. Br. Prod. 326. Hirsute with long- spreading hairs with a few shorter ones sometimes glandular. Tuber ovoid, often i in. long. Leaf oblong or lanceolate, 1 to 2 in. long. Scape 6 in. to 1 ft. high with 1 or rarely 2 blue flowers. Sepals and petals oblong-lan- ceolate, obtuse, 6 to 8 lines long, not blotched. Labelhun not half so long as the calyx, ovate broad biconvex and pubescent with white hairs in the lower half, the upper half lanceolate blue and glabrous, the basal callus or appendage single, linear, erect against the column, with a broad reflexed 2-dentate or 2-lobed head. Cohimn as long as the labellum, broadly winged, but the wing not at all or scarcely extend- ing along the anther. — LindL Gen. and Sp. Orch. 423 ; Endl. Iconogr. t. 41 ; Hook. f. FL Tasm. iL 31, t. 120; Keichb. f. Beitr. 34; Caladenia major, Reichb. f. Beitr. Q7. Queensland. Moreton bay, Leichhardt ; Armidale, Parrott. N. S. Wales. Port Jackson to tbe Blue Mountains, E. Brown, Sieher, n. 162, Pl. Mixt. n. 519, and many others ; in the N.W. interior, Fraser ; New England, C. Stuart ; and southwarJ to Twofold bay, F. 3Iueller. Victoria. Glenelg river, Rohertsun ; Portland, Allitt ; Port Phillip and Melbourne, Tery conimon, F. ihieller, and others ; Ballarat, Glemlinning. Tasmania. Common in poor sandy soil throughout the colony, /. D. Hooher. S. Australia. Encounter bay, Whittaker ; Bugle and Lofty ranges, F. llueller. 2. G. minor, B. Br. Prod. 326. Hirsute with long- spreading- hairs mixed with shorter sometimes glandular ones as in G. vmjnr, but a smaller phint. Stems rarely above 3 or 4 in. high and ahnost always 1-flowered. Leaf lanceolate, the small sheathing bract usually g"reen. Flower bhie. Sepals and petals oblong-lanceolate, 5 to 6 hnes long. Labellum about ^ the length of the sepals, broad, biconvex and pubescent with white hairs or papilhie in the lower half, the spreading upper half triangular, acute, flat, ghibrous, the basal calH or appendages 2, hnear, flattened, clavate at the end, rather shorter than the cohimn, very shortly united at the base. Column nearly as long- as the labellum, broadly winged but the wing not produced on the anther. — LindL Gen. and Sp. Orch. 423 ; Reichb. f. Beitr. 34 ; Caladenia minor^ Reichb. Beitr. Q7. Queensland. Archcr's Station, Moreton bay, Leichhardt. N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, B. Brown, Sieher, n. 161, and others ; New England, C Stiiart; southward to Twofold bay, F. 3Iueller. Victoria. Genoa river, towards Mount Imlay, F. Mueller. Out of more tban two bunJred specimens from various localities I bave only seen one, in herb. F. Muell., from Twofold bay, with two flowers. Sect. 2. Eleutheranthera, Fndl. — Labellum narrow and gla- brous. Column-wing extending beyond the anther^ adnate to it along' the centre, and forming a hood over it. Glossodia.] cxx. onCHiDEiE. 393 3. G. Brunonis, JEndl. Nov, Stirp. Dec. 10, and in Pl. Preiss. ii. 9. A pubescent or softly liairy plant of 0 in. to 1 ft., witli 1 or 2 rather larg-e Dlue Howers, mucli resenibling- Caladotia pcmmata. Leaf narrow-lanceo- late, 1 to 3 in. long", sometimes nearly g-labrous. Sepals and petals ^ to I in. long-. Labellum reduced to an irregularl}' lanceolate or ahnost linear himina, often shorter than the cohnnn, entire, without caih on its disk, but at its base are 12 long* thick linear obtuse calli often as lonj^ as tlie lamina, sometimes united at the base, erect against the cohimn. Column half as ]ong- as the sepals, wath a broad wing- produced beyond the anther into a concave hood. Anther-case pubescent, shortly acumi- nate.— Lindh Gen. and Sp. Orch. 424 ; F. Muell. Frag-m. vi. 83 ; Caladenia Brunonis, Reichb. Beitr. Q7 . "W. Australia. King George'8 Sound and adjoining districts, Oldfield, F. Blueller, and niany others ; Swan river, Drummond, \sl coll. ; Breiuer bay and Galcs brook, Maxwell. 4. G. emarginata, Litidl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 424. Nearly alhed to G. Brunonis, with the same habit and foHag'e, the scape however more frequently l-Howered, the Hower usually larger, not so blue in the dried state, and described by Oldfield as rose-coloured. Column witli a hood-shaped wing- extending- beyond the anther as in that species. Labelhim more developed, often exceeding- the column, broadly oblong- linear, very obtuse or truncate aud usually emarg-inate, the basal calli or appendag-es hnear, shg-htly clavate, about as long- as the iabellum. — Caludcnia cmarrjinata, Reichb. Beitr. Q7 . ^V. Australia. Swan river, Drummond, Ist coll. ; Vasse river, Pries ; Tone, Tweed, Kalgan, and Vasse rivers, Ohlfield; Greeuough Flats, C. Graij ; Lake Muir, Muir. Tribe 6. Ophryde^. — Anther adnate to the top of the column over the stigma, the cells usually forming" 2 lobes. Pollen-masses 2, granular, attached by caudicles to one or two glands or pouches over the stigma. Terrestrial herbs ; rhizomes with annually renewed tubers. Stems simple, leafy. Flowers spicate. 47. HABENARIA, R. Br. Dorsal sepal erect, very concave ; lateral sepals free, connivent or spreading"; petals entire or bipartite, usually connivent under the dorsal sepal. Labellum 3-lobed or rarely entire, with a spur or pouch at the base. Column very short, with 2 anterior linear-clavate processes h-ing- on or partially adnate to the base of the labellum. Anther erect, with a broad connective and marg;inal cells, but the connective usually so short tliat the erect diverging cells aj)pear disconnected. Pollen granular in 2 masses in eacli cell, each pair with a caudicle attached to a gland or an appendage of the stigma opposite to the cell, and more or less contluent with it. — Terrestrial herbs, with underg-round usually ovoid tubers. Leaves alternate on the stem or collected near the base. Flowers several or many in a terminal spike. 394 cxx. ORCHTDE^. [Hahcnana. A large genus dispersed over tlie warmer and temperate regions of both the New and the Old World. Of the five Australian species, two are East ludian, thc other three, as far as known, endemic. Stem leafy, with broad leaves. Petals 2-partite. Labellum with 3 narrow-hnear lobes. Anther-connective as high as the cells . l. H. trinervis. Leaves narrow, near the base of the stem. Petals undivided. Anther-connective verj much shorter than the cells. Lateral lobes of the labellura long and very narrow-linear like the middle lobe. Leaves narrow-oblong. Spur of the labelliim above 1 in. long 2. IT. elongata. Leaves iinear. Spur of the labellum uuder 4 in. long ... 3. H. graminea. Lateral lobes of the labellum lanceolate-falcate ; middle lobe linear. Spur loiiger than the sepals 4. H. ochroleiica. Lateral lobes of the labellum verj short and broad or quite obsolete, rarely shortly acuniinate ; middle lobe oblong or broadly hnear. Spur shorter than the sepals 6. H. xanthantha. 1. H. trinervis, Wirjht lc. Pl. t. 1701. Stems erect, leafy, 1 ft. high or rather more. Leaves ovate-oblong- or ovate-lanceolate, 2 to 4 in. long-, more or less prominently 3- or 5-nerved. Spike not long- and rather dense, the broad bracts often as long- as the ovary and very con- spicuous. Sepals broad, about 3 lines long-, all nearly equal, the dorsal one erect and concave, the lateral ones oblique ; petals about as loug', divided to the base into 2 linear seg"ments, both ahuost erect and paralleL Labellum not exceeding- the sepals, of 3 Hnear lobes; spur I in. long-, clavate towards the end. Auther about 1 line long-, the marg-inal cells not exceeding- the connective and much long"er than the processes of the stig-ma. Anterior processes of the column oblong-, in- curved, rather flat, free from the labellum. N. Australia. Port Darwin, Sdmltz, n. 828. — The species is also in tbe Penin- sula of India It is very nearly allied to the H. digitata, Lindl., from the Silhet moun- tains aiid from Moulmeyn, which differs chiefly in the anterior lobes of the petals deflexed aud curved like the lateral lobes of the labellum. 2. H. elongata, i?. Br. Prod. 313. A rather stout species, above 1 ft. high. Leaves oblong-, 2 to 4 in. long-. Spike rather dense. Dorsal sepal ovate, obtuse, 2 to 2\ Hnes long'; petals about as long-, broadly falcate ; lateral sepals rather longer, adnate at the base to the sides of the spur. Labelhim lobes very narrow-linear, tlie middle one above ^ in. long, the lateral ones rather shorter ; the spur at least \\ in. long-, thickened beyond the middle. Anterior processes of the column clavate and cristate. — LindL Gen. and Sp. Orch. 317 ; F. MuelL Fragm. vii. 15; Reichb. f. Beitr. 0. N. Australia. Arnhem S. bay, and islands off" the coast of Arnhem's Land, abundant, R. Brown. Queensland. Kockhampton, 0'Shanesy. 3. H. graminea, Lindl. Oen. and Sp. Orch. 318. Stems slender, under 1 ft. liig'h. Leaves at the base of the stem linear or linear-lan- ceolate, acute, iinder 3 in. long-. Spike slender, short or long-, with short narrow bracts. Dorsal sepal in the typical form 2| lines long-, hmceolate, concave ; petals as long-, slig-htly falcate ; lateral sepals rather longer, broadly falcate, all rather obtuse. Labellum deeply di- ffaiefiaria.] cxx. ORCHiDEiE. 395 vided into 8 narrow-liuear lobes about as lonji- as tlie sepals ; the spur about 4 lines loug-, thickeneJ beyond the middle. Anterior processes of the cohimn curved, rather long-, adnate at the base to the hibellum. Anther-cells adnate to Unear processes of the stig'ma (piite sej)arated from each other by the vcry short connective and rostellum. — F. Muelh Frag-m. vii. 16. Queensland. Eockingham bay, Dallachy. — The species is also in Kbasia and Silhet. Var. arnlicmica. Habit and foh*age of the typical form, but tbe flowers niuch smaller. Galca 1| to U lines long. slightly recurvcd and acute with a broad base ; lateral sepals rather louger, the spur not 3 lines long and scarccly thickened beyond the middle. — H. (irnheinica, F. Muell. Herb. Iff. Australia. Port Darwin, Schultz, n. 162, 188, and with still smaHer flowers, Port Essiugton, Arnistrong. 4. H. ochroleuca, R. Br. Prod. 313. Under 1 ft. high. Leaves few, distant or collected at the base of the stem, lanceolate, short. Spike dense or interrupted. Dorsal sepal broad, obtuse, about 'J lines long- ; hiteral sepals rather long-er ; petals considerably shorter. La- bellum with the hiteral lobes lanceolate falcate, the middle lobe narrow- linear, as long- as the sepals ; spur longer than the sepals, much anc. shortly chivate at the end. Anterior processes of the column very shortly adnate. — Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 323 ; Reichb. f. Beitr. 6. N. Australia. Islands of the North Coast, E. Brown. 5. H. xanthantha, F. Mudl. Fragm. vii. IG. Stems slender, often above 1 ft. high. Leaves at the base of the stem, Hnear or hnear-hin- ceohite and acutely acuminate as in H. grnmiiiea. Flowers yellow, in a rather dense spike. Dorsal sepal and petals erect, obtuse, about 3 Hnes long- ; lateral sepals nearly the same length, quite free from the spur. Labellum linear-oblong- or lanceolate, obtuse, as long- as the petals and more or less 3-nerved Hke them, sometimes quite entire, sometimes with lateral lobes short and broad or taj)ering' into a Hnear point, and the two lateral lobes sometimes unHke each other ; spur curved, shorter than the sepals. Anterior processes of the coHimn quite free from the labelHim, and a small hiteral tooth on each side between the anther and the anterior processes. Anther-cells deeply separated as in H. graminca. — H. propinqnior, Reichb. f. Beitr. 53. Queensland. Kockingham bay, DaUachy. Tribe 7. Apostasie^. — Anthers 2, lateral, near the base of the style, with a dorsal rudimentary or rarely perfect anther. Stig'ma teminaL Pollen granular. Terrestrial herbs. 48. APOSTASIA, Blume. (Niemeyera, F. JlueU.). Sepals and petals 3 each, nearly equal and similar, spreading- or re- curved, the labeHum simihir to the other petals. Anthers 2, oblong--Hnear, attached near the base of the style, erect and embraciug- the style, with 396 cxx. ORCHiDE^. [Apostasta. occasionally a dorsal staminode or imperfect anther. St^^e linear or filiform, with a terminal somewhat dilated obtuse or 3-toothed stigma. Ovary 3-celled, the placentas affixed to the axis. — Erect herbs with leafj stems. Flowers small, yellow, in simple or branched spreading racemes in the upper axils. Besides the Australian species, which appears to be endemic, there are two or three neariy allied to it iu East India and the Archipelago. 1. A. stylidioides, Iieic?iKf. in Rerh. Keiv. An erect g-labrous plant, with simple stems of G to 8 in. Leaves ahiiost gTass-Hke, Hnear, taper- ing- into long- points, their sheathing- imbricate bases covering- the stem, varying- from 3 to (J in. long-, with 1, 3 or rarely more nerves prominent underneath. Racemes shorter than the leaves, slender but rigid. Bracts lanceolate, 1 to 2 Hnes long-. Ovary nearly 3 Hnes long at the time of liowering', elong-ated but stiU very narrow when in fruit. Sepals and petals narrow-Hnear, sHghtly recurved, about 2 Hnes long", the sepals obtuse, the petals with a dorsal point just below the apex. Anthers 2, without any rudimentary one, the two ceHs very unecjual at the base, the connective scarcely produced beyond the cells. Style rather thick, the stigma with 3 short unequal erect teeth or lobes. — Niemeyera stijlidioides, F. Muell. Fragm. vi. 96. Queensland. Rockinghani bay, Dallachy. — The general habit inflorescence size of floweis, &c. are quite those of the Indian A. nnda, with the leaves perhaps narrower and the stature lower. The anthers are those of ^i. WallicMana, but without the ad- ditional staminode of that species, except that in some flowers I find the style abortive or nearly so, and replaced as it were by a staminode. The dorsal points of the petals are very variable, and appear sometinies on the sepals also. I have followed Browu in considering the group of Apostasiece as a tribe of Orchidece rather than as a distinct Order, notwithstanding the number of anoraalies it unites. It has the exceptional infiorescence of Curijmhis, the perianth of Thelymitra, two anthers as in Cyi)ripedium, and the 3-celled ovary of Cyprijiedium {Urojjedium and iSeleni - podium.) OuDER CXXI. BURMANNIACE^. Flowers hermaphrodite, regular. Perianth superior, persistent, tubular or campanuhite, usually 6-lobed, the 3 inner lobes often smaller or sometimes wanting-. Stamens 3 or 6, inserted in the tube and shorter than the perianth. Anthers ^-ceUed. Ovary inferior, 3-celled or with 3 parietal placentas, the ovules very numerous. Style sing-le, with 3 short branches stigmatic at the clavate or dihited ends. Fruit a capsule opening- in locuHcidal sHts or valves. Seeds minute, the embryo apparently homogeneous. — Herbs, often slender. Leaves entire, radical or nearly so, rarely alternate along- the stem, sometimes all reduced to smaH scales. Flowers terminal, soHtary or several along- a 2-branched rarely 3-branched rhachis, centrifugally developed, each flower opposite to a smaH often minute bract. A small tropical Order, usnally freqnenting swamps or wet places, or dccaying vege- table soils, commoa to the New and the Old World. The only Australian genus has the general range of the Order. Burpiannia.\ cxxi. burmanniace^. 397 1. BURMANNIA, Linn. (Gonyanthes, Miers.) Perianth tubular, 3-wing-ed or 3-ano-led, the 3 inner lobes smaller or wanting-. Anthers 3, sessile or nearly so, below the inner perianth- lobes, the cells short, separated by a broad connective, opening' trans- versely, with a small crested appendag-e behind each cell. Ovary 3-celled. Capsule opening between the dissepiments. — Herbs with radical leaves or all tlie leaves rarely reduced to scales. Flowers sessile or pedicellate akmg- the branches of a forked cyme, reduced sometimes to a single Hower. The gcnus is common to the New and the Old World. One and probably both the Australian species have a wide range over East India and the Archipelago, Kadical leaves lanceolate. Flowers several in a once-forked cyme. Periantb at least twice as iong as broad \. B. dusticha. Leaves iinear-setaceous, verj small. Flowers solitary or few. Perianth with the wings as broad as long 2. B. juncea. 1. B. disticha, Linn. Spcc. 411. Stems simple or scarcel}' branched, erect, g4abrous, attaining- 1 to 3 ft. Leaves chiefly radical, sessile, sheathing- at the base, lanceolate, acute, spreading-, all under 1 in. in inost specimens, 2 to 2|- in. long- in luxuriant ones ; a few along- the stem sometimes simihir to the radical ones but smaller and more erect, or more frequently reduced to sheathing- scales. Flowers green more or less ting-ed with blue, or in the Australian specimens more frequently of a deep blue, in a once-forked cyme, sometimes very compact, some- times each branch 1 to 2 in. long-, Bracts shorter than the ilower. Perianth including- the wings about h in. long", and scarcely \ in. broad, the 3 outer lobes ovate, concave, not half so long- as the tube, the dorsal wings commencing- about the middle of the lobes, truncate or rounded at the top, and continued along- the tube to the base of the ovary, tapering- into the short pedicel ; inner lobes of the perianth oblong'-linear, from half as long to nearly as long- as the outer ones. Anthers immediately under the inner lobes, the cells small, separated by a prominent connective, the dorsal a])pendag-es uearly as long- as the cells. Capsule usually occupying- about half the length of the perianth, but sometimes continued hig'her up, opening- at the top between the ridges with a disposition to split transversely as observed by Thwaites. — Roxb. Corom. Pl. t. 242 ; B. distachya, K.^^Br. Prod. 205. N. Australia. Liverpool river, GuUiver. — A singlc slender specimen with only 3 flowers, which however are quite those of B. disticha. N. S. 'Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown, Woolls ; New England, C. Stuart ; Clareuce river, BecJder ; edges of swamps, Tweed river, C. Moore, Guilfoyle. 2. B. juncea, Soland. in li. Br. Prod. 265. Stems very slender, almost filiform, 6 in. to near 1 ft. hig-h. Leaves few at the base of the stem, linear-tiliform, \ to h in. long-, and sometimes one or twosmaller ones higher up, but the stem usually with only a few small distant scales. Flowers sometimes only one at the end of the stem, sometimes csxxi. BURMANNiACEiE. [Burmannia. in a once-forked cyme with 2 to 4 on each branch, all on short slender pedicels. Perianth including- the "wing-s about 3 lines long- and quite as broad when in fruit, the outer lobes broad and only | hne long-, the inner lobes very miuute in the ilower examined, the dorsal wings rounded at both ends. Anthers at a little distance below the inner lobes. Ovary and capsule occupying- about half the leno-th of the tube, the capsule usually opening- by a transversely oblique hssure. N. Australia. Port Essington, Armstrong. Queensland. Endeavour river, Banhs and Solander. Tbis species is scarcely to be distingnislied but by its longer stem and narrow fili- form leaves from the i?. 2«usiUa and B. ccelestis to varieties of B. juncea. Order CXXII. IRIDE^. Flowers hermaphrodite, regular or irreg-ular. Perianth superior, with a short or distinct tube, the limb of 6 petal-like segments, the 'S inner ones sometimes very small. Stamens '3, inserted at the orifice of the tube or base of the outer segments, or rarely (in Cmnpi/nema) 0 ; all fertile or (in Diplarrhcnu) one reduced to a barren tilament. Filaments free or united in a tube. Anther-cells 2, parallel, erect, opening- out- wards. Style more or less divided into 3 lobes or branches, usually stigmatic at the end and sometimes broad and petal-hke. Ovary inferior, 3-celled, with several often numerous ovules in each cell. Capsule opening- loculicidally in 3 valves. Seeds albuminous, with a small embryo, the radicle next the hilum. — Herbs with a perennial tuberous creeping' bulbous or very short rhizome, rarely annuals. Leaves usually either radical or alternate and equitant, that is disti- chous, sheathing' and laterally ilattened at the base, produced into a linear lamina hiterally or vertically not horizontally iiattened so that the inner edg'e is towards the stem, the outer edg-e a continuation of the keel of the sheath. Flowers either solitary and terminal or in spikes or clusters within one or two bracts often called sputhus, the bracts within the cluster usually imbricate, but each flower opposed to the bract of the same node, not in its axil. Perianths in the Australian genera mostly blue white or rarely yellow, in several South African genera showing- a g-reat variety of rich colours. The Order is generally di.spersed over the New and the Old World, more abundant in temperate than in tropical regions, and especially rich and diversified in South Atrica. Ot' the seveu genera htre iucluded, four are endemic, one, Lihertia, extends over New Zeaiand and exti-atropicai South America ; the Morcea is a solitary very local representative of a South African genus, and the Sisyrinchia are introduced weeds fi'om South America. CXXII. IHIDEJE. 399 Tlic peculiar infloroscence of the several-flowered Iridccv does not appcar to have been gcnerally noticed. It is a kind of cynie, each flower tcrniinates an axis, which is con- tinued by the developnient of an axiliary bud between the subtending bract and the flower, wliich thus becomes opposed to the bract of the same node, As these subtcnd- iiig bracts are not superiiosed and uiiilatpral as in the ordinary forkcd cynie, but alter- nate aiong the branch, tiie rhachis assumes a zigzag not a scorpioid charactor. Stamens 3. Periantli with 3 large outer and 3 very small inner seg- nients. Style ionger than the anthers, witli 3 broad- spreading laminie. Spike or cluster simple and terminal or rarely lateral also. Oidy two anthers 1. Diplaruhena. Spike solitarv and terniiniil, the outer bracts enclosing 2 sessile spikelets. Tliree anthers 2. Pateksonia. Perianth with 6 nearly eqiial spreading segments. Style divided into 3 oblong petal-like segiuents opposite to and arciiing over the antliers 3. Mor^a. Perianth with 6 sproading segments. Style sliorter than the stamens, with 3 linear or linearsubulate branclies scarcely dilated at the eud or acute. Perianth-segments nearly equal. Outer bracts erect and closely sheathing. Filaments free. Ovary and capsule oblong, sessile or nearly so _ 4. Orthrosanthus. Filamentsconnate below the middle or to the top. Ovary aiid capsule obovoid or globular on long pedicels . . 5. Sisyrinchium. Perianth with 3 outer segmeuts usually smaller or rarely nearly equal to the inner ones, Bracts all membranous and open. Filaments free 6. Libertia. Stamens 6. Perianth-segments nearly equal 7. Campynema. Besides the above, several South African Iridecn have occasionally been found to have escaped from gardens. Amongst them F. Mueller's collection iiicludes Trirlionema ocholeucum, Ker, Watsonia angusta, Sweet, Sjparaxis tricolor, Bot. Mag., and Iris spuria, Linn., var. halophila. 1. DIPLARRHEWA, Labill. Perianth slig-htly irreg-uhir, divided to the ovary into 6 seg-ments, the three outer erect at the base sj)reading- upwards obovate, the upper one rather larg-er and more concave, the three inner ones much smaller narrow and less spreading-. Fihuuents 8, free, the upper one without any anther and short, the other two unequal, each with an ol)long-- linear anther. Style slender, long-er than the stamens, with 3 broad thin petal-like laminne bearing- the stig-mas, one much larg-er than the others. Capsule oblong-, acutely 3-ang-led, loculicidalh' 3-valved, the pericarp somewhat coriaceous. Seeds orbicular, flat. — Herbs with a very short rhizome or leafy base. Leaves mostly radical, long- and flat. Stem erect, simple or branched. Flowers rather larg-e, pedicellate, in a simple spike or cluster sessile within two rig-idly herbacoous sheathing- bracts, the spike solitary and terminal, or rarely one also in the axil of one or more leaves lower down. The genus is limited to Victoria and Tasmania. Stems 1 to 2 ft. high. Leaves mostly under \ in. broad. Flowers white 1. Z». Morcea. 400 cxxii. IRIDEJE. [Diplarrhena. Stems above 2 ft. higli. Leaves 4 to f in. broad. Flowers varie- galed blue and yellow 2. D. latifolia. 1. D. Morsea, LaMll. Voy. i, 157, t. 15. Perfectly g-labrous in all its })arts. Khizome or leafy base of the stem short. Leaves chietly radical, rigid, very flat, 1 to 2 ft. long-, 2 to 3 lines broad. Stems 1 to 2 ft. hig-h, with a few shorter leaves besides the radical ones. Spike singie and terminal in all the specimens seen, resembling- outwarSly those of Putersonia, but simple, not composed of 2 spikelets, two outer bracts rigidly herbaceous, prominently striate, 2 to 2^ in. long-, acutely acuminate, keeied, with narrow scarious margins, the inner ones membranous or scarious, each one as well as the second outer one opposed to a fiower. Pedicels slender but shorter than the bracts, carrying- usually the top of the ovary to the level of the bract, and somewhat longer when in fruit. Outer perianth-seg-ments pure white, obovate, about 1| in. long-, the upper one less spreading- broader and more concave than the other ; inner seg-ments oblong--cuneate, | to | as long as the outer, white or sligiitly tinged with violet and yellow. — R. Br. Prod. 304 ; Hook. f Fl. Tasni. ii. 34 ; F. Muell. Fragm. vii. 94 ; Mormi diandra, Vahl, Enum. ii. 154. N. S. Wales. CaiJe Howe, C. Walter. Victoria. Wilson's promontory, and gregariously between Mount Barclay and Mount Lizar, I<\ Mueller. Tasmania, Labillnr.liere ; Port Dalrymple, H. Brown ; abundant in good soil tbroughout the ishmd, J. L>. Hooker and others. Var. alpina, Plook. f. Leaves rather broader and shorter, but very difterent from thdse of L>. latifolia, and flower white as in the typical form. — Western Mountains, Gv.nn. 2. D. latifolia, Benth. A much taller and stouter phint than D. Movfea, with the leaves from | to f in. broad '' fiowering- ahDug- the whole scape" according- to 01dlield's notes ; I have only seen a second spike in the axil of one of the leaves in a single specimen in Herb. F. Mueller. Flowers larger than in D. Morcea and " the outer seg-ments more concave" [Oldfield); " varieg-ated blue and yellow" {C. Stuart), the dried specimens showing- a bluish ting-e in the whole perianth which they never do in D. Morcea. Tasmania. From one-lhird of the way up to the summit of Mouut Lapeyrouse, Oldfield, C. Stiiart. 2. PATERSONIA, R. Br. (Genosiris, Lahill.) Perianth regular, with a filiform tube and 3 outer broad spreading segments, the 3 inner ones very small and erect or almost obsolete. Filaments united to the middle or almost to the top into a tube ; anthers oblong- or lanceolate, the cells usually separated by a narrow membranous connective. Style filiform, longer than the anthers, usuall}' constricted or articulate either near the base of the anthers or near the top, and ofteu bent down or breaking- ofl" at the constriction, Patersonia.] cxxii. iRiDEiL'. 401 tlie 3 stigmatic lobes obovate-orbicukr or broadl}' oljlona-, contracted and united in a cup or narrow and frce at tlie base, retlexed on the style in the buil, ypreadiny horizontally when in tiower. Capsule sessile witliin the bracts, linear or obloni^-, 8-ang-led, oj^ening* loculici- dally in 8 valves. — Ilerbs with a porenuial sliort rliizonie. Leaves iu radical disticljous tufts or rarely on shortly elong-ated steuis, lonfi- and gTass-like or rig-id. iScapes or ])eduncles long- erect and leatless, bear- iny a sinyle oblong- or lanceolate terniinal sj)iive, with two outer bracts enclosiny 2 sessile spikelets, each witli 1, '2 or several Howers and as many membranous more or less scarious bracts, each bract of the sj)ikelets oj^posed to a tiower ou the same node. Perianths blue or very rarel}' ^-^ellow or white. Tlie geiius is limited to extra-tropical Anstralia, or scarcely crosses tlie tropics oii the East coast, and is readiiy distinguisliud trom ail otliers by tiie intloresceuce, as vvell as by otlier ciiaracters. It has been proposed hy F. Mueller to revert to Labillardiere'8 generic name under the strict rules of priority. But Bro\vn's has been so universally ailopted with a iull kiiowledge of the circunistances, and is so generaliy Itnown by gardeners as well as botanists, that it would appear only to produce (.onfusiou now to substitute for Puter- sonia one so defi-ctive in compositiuu as Genosiris. The solitary terminal spike enclosiug two spilielets appears to he constant in and peculiar to this genus; but I have souietimes found one spilcelet snbtended by tlie outermost bract, and the other by the second bract, but more tVeqnently botli sjiikelets are within the second bract, one of theni subtended by a tliird; and 1 have nbseived sometimes the fir^t bract only, sometiiues the tirst aud secoud, and once it appeared to me the third bract also wilhout a flower opposed to it. I have not, however, had it i.i my powcr to dissect a sufficient number of spikes to show how far these ditlerences may be specitic. Quite glabrous. Outer bracts of the spike prominently striate. Periauth tube exserted. Staminal-tube short, tritid . . . 1. P. ylaiica. Quite glabrous. Outer bracts smooth or obscurely stiiate. Periauth-tube not exserted. Staminal tube short, tritid. Scape usually much longer than the leaves. Southeastcrn species 2. P. lonfjiscapa. Scape usuaily shorter than the leaves. Wesiern species . . 3. P. occickntalis. Glabrous or the leaves hairy on the edges. Outtr bracts smooth or obscurely striate. Stamiual-tube long, uudivided. Quite glabrous. Leaves under 3 lines broad. Outer bracts 2 to 24 in. long, acute, prominenlly keeled and usually pale. Flowers hlue 4. P. umljrosa. Flowers yellow 5. P. xunthina. Leaves often hairy on the edges. Outer bracts usually of a rich brown. Tall stout plant. Leaves 4 lines broad, with proniineut usually rcd margins. Outer bracts of the spike bruad . 6. P. limhata. Low or slender plants. Leaves 1 lii!e broad or lets. Spike narrow. Usually glabrous. Leaves rather thick, scarcely bor- dered. Scapes glabrous, 4 to 1 ft. high . . • . . 7. P. juncea. Slightly hairy. Habit of P. ^j//^«((c«. Flowers white . 8. P. Maxwclli. Leaves hairy, usually bordered. Scape woolly, under G in. 9. P. pygmcBa. Leaves woolly or hairy at the base. Scape woolly. Outer bracts dark and strongly striate, covered witli deciduous wool. Staminal tube tritid, short. Leaves about 1 line broad. Eastern species \.i). P. lonfjifolia. VOL. VI, D D 402 cxxii. IRIDE^. [Patersonia. Leaves about 2 lincs broad or more. Leaves woolly on tlie etlges ouly. Wool of tbe spike close and silky. Eastern species . . 11. P. sericea. VVooi of tbe spike copions but loose. Western species , 12. P. lanata. Leaves woolly all over near tbe base. Westera species . . 13. P. rudis. Leaves glabrous or hairy at the base. Outer bracts green, glaucoufi or pale, strongly striate, glabrous or sliiihtly silky hairy. Staminal-tube (alwajs?) iong and undiviLled. Outer bract 3 in. long, silky-hoary. Stem very short. Leaves glabrous, 3 liues broad 14. P. macrantha. Outer bracts about 2 in. long, silky-hoary. Stem elongaled. Leaves ghibi ous or hairy on the edges, 2 lines broad or less 15. P. glahrata. Outer bracts about 14 in. long, glabrous, glaucous. Stem very short, Leaves 1 line brofld, the margins prominent, Irairy near the base .,...,, 16. -P. Drummondii. Outer bracts 1 to IJ in. long, the 2nd coaspicuously higher attached than the Ist. Leaves very narrow. Stem somewlmt elongated. Leaves rigid, hairy at the base. Scape glabrous 17. P. incequalis. Stcms very short, alinost bulbous. Leaves grass-like, gla- brous or finely ciliate. Scape cottony-woolly at the base 18. P. gruminea. Outer bracts 1 to 1| in. long, deusely covered as well as the dwarf scape with very long soft hairs. Stems almost bulbous 19. P. hdbianoides. 1. P. glauca, R. Br. Prod. 304. Stems exceedinglj sliort, clustered on the rliizome, with a few outer riyid sheathing' scales, o-radually passing- into erect rigid leaves, the longest from | to 1|- ft. long- and 1| to nearly 2 lines hroad, rather less Ihit than in P. occidcntalis and the margins not thickened. Scapes usuallj^ much shortcr than the leaves, but occasionally exceeding them, with 1 or 2 sheathing scales at their base. Spike with the two outer bracts 1| to If in. long, acute, rigid, somewhat giaucous, finely but prominently striate, each spikelet con- taining 3 or 4 Howers, the bracts membranous and quite giabrous, as well as the tlowers. Perianth-tube usually exceediug the bracts by 3 to 5 lines ; outer lobes ovate or ovate-oblong, obtuse, above J in. long ; inner ones oblong-hmceohite, scarcely more than 1 line long. Staminal column short, divided to about the middle. Style slightly thickened at the end, the laminte ovate, but I do not find the fringes of long cilia figured by Endlicher from Bauer's drawing. — Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 34 ; Bot. Mag. t. 2Q77 ; Lodd. Bot. Cab. 1. 1182 ; Endl. Iconogr. t. 50 ; Genosiris fragills, Labill. Ph Nov. HolL i. 13, t. 9 ; F. Muell. Fragm. vii. 36. N. S. 'Wales. Hunter's river, 7?. Brown; New Enghand, C. Stuart. Victcria. Glenelg rivtr, p. Jludlcr. Tasmania. Port Pabymple, i?. Brown ; abundant in wet peaty soils in the northern parts of the island, /. D. Hooker. 2. P. longiscapa, Swcct, Fl. Austral. t. 39. A gial)rous plant like P. gluuca and P. occidc/italis, but the leaves usually shorter, and whether short or long the scape almost always still longer. Leaves llat and the margins often nerve-like, as in P. occidcntuUs, of which this may be a variety. Scape usualh^ thickened and striate close imder the spike, but the outer bracts fully l^ in. long, cpiite smooth or very obscurely Fatersonia.] cxxii, iride^. 403 striate. Spikelets witli 3 or more flowers each. Ovary with a few hairs to-wards the ajiex. Perianth-tuhe slig-htly hairy at the base, scarcely exceediny the bracts ; outer seg-ments ovate-elliptical, acute, about I in. long-, the inner about 1 line long-, narrow-lanceolate but appearing- subuUite when shrivelled. Staminal column dividod to about tlie middle. Style articuhite above the niiddle. — P. bicolor, F. Muell. in several herbaria. Victoria. Poi-t Phillip, li. Brown; riear Porthind, Mohertson ; Latrobc aud Glen^'lg rivers antl DandeQong range, i'^ Ji/Mei/er ; Grampians, Wilheliiii. Tasmania, Archcr. S. Australia. Onkaparinga and Lofty ranges, F. Mueller. The nanie of longiscapa was originally proposed by Sims for some specimens of tlie true P. ylauca, with a longer scape than usual, whicli, relying on that character alone, Sweet thought to be the same as the plant introduced from the South coast by Baxter. The latter, however, has the foliage, the smooth outer bracts, the pubesceut apex of tlie ovaiy, and the shorterperiauth tube of P. occidentalis, of which it may prove to be an Eastern variety as doubtfully suggested by R. Brown in his notes. 3. P. occidentalis, 7?. Br. Prod. 304. Stems very short, the whole plant g-labrous except the ovary and perianth. Leaves rig-id, the longest often above 1 ft. long- and usually 2 to 3 lines broad. Scapes varying- from rather shorter to ratlier long-er than the leaves, dilated and striate under the spike. Outer bracts li in. long or rather more, prominently or rather obscurely keeled, the strim scarcely or not at all conspicuous, the inner membranous bracts often shghth' exceeding- the outer and sometimes pubescent on the keel. Flowers usually nuraerous, rarely only 3, in each spikelet. Perianth-tube and ovary more or less villous, the tube very shortly exceediug- the bracts ;, outer seg-ments often fully 1 in. long-, broad and very obtuse, of a rich bLue, the inner segments niinute, ovate or hmceohue. Staminal columin short, the filaments ver}' shortly free ; anthers almost lanceolate, spreading-. Styie articulate near the base of the anthers. — P. supphirina, landl. Bot. Reg'. 1839, t. 60 (passing* fref|uently in g-ardens for P. sericca). — • Genosiris oceidentalis, F. Muell. Frag'm. vii. 31. W. Australia. King George's Sonnd and Lucky bay, R. Brown; King George's Sound and adjoining districts, Oktjield, F. Muelhr, and others, and thence to Swan river, Druinmond, Collie. Var. Jatifolia. Leaves 3 to 4 lines broad. Flowers very numerous in the spike. Champion bay, Oldjield. Var. ? anffHstifolia. Leaves nnder 2 lines broad. Possibly a distinct species. P. tenuisj.athu and P. turfosa, Endl. iu Pl. Preiss. ii. 31. — Swau river, Preiss,n. 2338; Murchison river, Oldfidd. Var. ? eriostephava, F. Muell. Fragm. vii. 32. Inner scgments of thc perianth subu- late. — Cape Arid, Jlaxwell. P. occidentdis is evidently a variable plant, and appears to be common in West Australia. P. iJiesingii, Endl. in Pl. Preiss. ii. 30, from Swan nvcr, n. 2356, has tho flowers rather large aiid tlie staminal-tube rather longer than nsual, but I can find no other character to distingui-,h it from the ciunu)onest form. I do not lind the s^p.itha articulate on the scape in Preiss's spei iraen. P. nana, P. compar, P. farcidn, P. si/l- ve-irli, and P. montina, Endl. in Preiss. ii. 30, 31, all from W. Austr.ilia, Preiss, are unknown to rae : all are described as glabrous, and are oidy distinsuisliod from each other and frora P. occideiitali.s, as far as tlie diagiioses extond, by slight diiieieucos in stature, iu ihe pioportiun of thc scape to the foliage, iu the piomiuence of the keel of D D 2 404: cxxii. IRIDE.E. [Patersonia, the bracts, and in the eqnality or inequality of th? ribs of tbe leaves, all of which are very variable in the true P. occidentalis. No mention is made of the flowers, stainens, or htyle of any one of ihem. 4. P. umbrosa, Endl. in Pl. Preiss. ii. 31. Stems short, -with the short scales uutside the leaves inore numerous than in most s])ecies, the whole pkmt glabrous exce])t the perianth-tube. Leaves usually very long-, often above 2 ft., and under 3 lines broad. S])ike 2^ in. h)ng', much compressed, the outer bracts acuminate and acutely keeled, smooth or ver}^ obscurely striate. Perianth blue, the tube considerably longer than the bracts, slightly silky-pubescent, the outer segments above 1 in. long", the inner ones linear-subuhite, often 2 lines long. Staminal-tube rather long- and slender, the filaments scarcely free immediately under the anthers. Style showing- no articulation in the specimen examined, the limb shortly campanuhite below the division into spreading' laminte. — Gcnosiris uvibrosu, F. MuelL Fragm. vii. 32. W. Atistralia. KingGeorge^s Sound, P/Pw.s, n. 2348, -F. J-/we/itT; Middle Mount Bairen, AJa.ciceU; also in JJrwnmoncV s collection. 5. P. xanthina, F. Mnell. Frafjm. i. 214. A g-habrous phmt, with the habir, the long leaves, the long- acuminate much compressed acutely keeled and smooth outer bracts, and all the essential lloral characters of P. umhrosa, but the fluwers are said to be yellow^, and the buds show none of the blue tint of all the alHed species. The perianth-tube in the specimen examinedwas rather shorter and more hairy than in P. nmhrosa, and the iuner segments not quite so narrow, but I could detect no other diflerence, and tlie plant may be a variety only of that species. — Genosiris xanthina, F. MuelL Frag"m. vii. 33. W. Australia. Geograplie bay, Oldficld; Busselton, Pries (niixed with P. occi- dehtalis). — There are several Iridefe in which the same spucies appeais to include blue- flowered and yellow-flowered varieties. 6. P. limbata, Endl. in Pl. Preiss. ii. 29. A stout species, with a very short or slighrly elongated stem, allied to P. occidentalis. but the leaves usually broader and more rigid, \ to l^ ft. long", remarkable for their reddish nerve-Hke keel and inner inargin, often woolly on the young leaf but soon b^coming ghabrous. Scapes rarely above 1 ft. high, much dihited under the spike. S])ike rather broad full and many- ilowered, about 2 in. long-, the outer bracts obscurely striate, usually of a reddish brown as well as the scape, but in some specimens paler coloured. Perianth blue, the tube very silky-villous in the lower part, shortly exceeding- the bracts ; outer segments apparently nearly 1 in. k^ng-, the inner ones very small, linear-lanceolate. Staminal-tube slender, the filaments very shortly free at the apex. Style articuhite nearly at the base of the anthers, the stigmatic laminte stipitate oval- oblong". TV. Australia. Kirg George's Sound and adjoining districts, Baxter, Drummond, Frei.ss, )(. 2349, F. Mueller; Cliampion bay, Oidjield. 7. P. juncea, Lindl. Swan Riv. App. 58. Almost stemless and ijuite glabrous, or the young- leaves slig-htly cihate. Leaves in clustered Pafersonia.] CXXll. IRIDE^. 405 tufts, very narrow-linoar, 4 to 8 in. lonnf in tlie tvpical form and about ^ line broad, prominonth' striato, very shortly dilatod and slieathiny at tlie base. Scaj^os sUMider, as hjng' as or h)n}i'er than tlie loaves, quite p'hibrous. Spiko a1)out H in. low^-, Hke tliat of C. p//f/ina(i rather narrow, the bracts brown smooth shininy and voink^ss. Periantli quite ^-hdjrous, the tube slender, exserted ; the structure of the ilowor apparently like that of P. pygnuea, but not seen perfect. — Endl. in Pl. Preiss. ii. 31 ; GinosirisJHncm, F. Muell. Fragm. vii. 33. W. Australia. Swan river, Drummond, Ist coll., n. 772, Preiss, n. 2352; Vasse rivcr, Oldjield ; Sdrling runge, F. Mueller. Var. tlongata. Leaves nearly 1 ft. long, and scape still longer. — Cape Naturaliste, Olljield. P. lioei, Eudl. in n. Preiss. ii. 31, which 1 have not seen, is probably the same species. 8. P. Maxwelli, F. Murll. Stems slender but short as in P. pijfjmrea. Leaves stron_u-ly ribbed, w-ith a prominent nerve-like marg-in, slightly hairy on the edg-es when 3'oung", not exceeding 6 in. in the specmiens seen and about 1 line broad. Scapes g-labrous, nearly as long- as the leaves. Spikes about 1 line long-, narrow, the outer bracts smooth vvith very fine scarcely promiuent veins as in P. puf/nuea. Flowers very few (1 or 2 in each spiKelet), said to be white. Uvary glabrous or slig-htly ciliate on the ang-les. Perianth-tube quite g-hdjrous, about as long as the bracts ; outer segnients broadh- ovate, obtuse, about \ in. long- ; the inner ones broadly obovate or orbicular, nearly 1 Jine long-. Stauiinal tube slender, the fihunents scarcely free at the top. Style articulate at the base of the anthers. — G^c«ysi/7's Maxivelli, F. Muell. Frag"m. vii. 34. \ir. Australia. M'Callum's Inlet, Maxwell. 9. P. pygmsea, Lindl. Swan Riv. App. 68. Stems with a slender erect base as in P. tjlahrata but very short, rarely 2 to 3 in. long- below the scape or peduncle, shortly rufous or villous between the leaves or nearly g-labrous. Leaves erect, narrow, rigid, with the very fine veins of P. (jlabrata, but only 2 to 4 in. long, more or less silky-hairy espe- cially on the marg-ins wlien young-, usually g-hibrous on the fruiting- specimens. Scapes short or nearly as long- as the leaves, clothod with a loose and copious but deciduous wool. Outer bracts \\ to near 2 in. h)Ug, narrow, acute, brown, rather smooth and shining-, with very fine scarcely perceptible veins, glabrous or silky-wooliy on the keel. Ovary and perianth-tube quite g-hibrous in tlie tiowering- specimens examined, but in others the fruit sometimes slig-htly hairy ; outer sogments of the limb obovate, | in. long-, the inner ones minute. Staminal cohimn rather long- and slender. Style apparontly articulate near the base of the authers. — Endl. in Pl. Preiss. ii, 32 ; Genosiris pygnuea, F. Muell. Frag'm. vii. 33. "W. Australia. Swan river, Drummond, \st coll. n.llO; Gordon river, Prei.^i', n. 2352 ; King George'8 Sound anJ adjoining districts, P. Mueller, Oldjield, aud others ; rialt river, Maxwell. 400 cxxii. iRiDE^. [Patersonia. 10. P. longifolia, 7?. Br. Prod. 303. Very near to P. serveea, but the leaves scarcely above 1 Hne broad, sometimes very long', sometimes not much exceeding- the spike. Scape 3 to 8 in. lony. Spike smaller than in P. sericea, the outer bracts often not much above 1 im long', but in other respects bke those of that species drying- black, covered when young- with a silky wool, and prominently striate when the wool wears off. — Genosiris lontinguisli it eitlier from 0. inultijlorm or froin 0. laxus. Waertlda elegan.s, Kegel, Gartentl. ii. t. 46, refcrrecl liere by F. Muelier, Fragm. vii. 92 (evidently from coiijecture only without comparing the plate) is a South African species of /.c/a, stated by a gardeuer's mistake to be a native of Adelaide in South Anstralia. 2. O. Muelleri, Bcnth. A small slender species, tlie stems rarely 1 ft. liig-li, j^-labroiis or slightly woolly towtirds tlie base. Leaves shorter than the stems, 1 to l^ lines broad, woolly on the keel and inner marg-in when young-. Spikes 2 to 4 on the stem, all peduncnhite or the lower one sessile, reseinblino- those of 0. in.ultifiorus in the brown scarious apices of the bracts, but rather smaller. Flowers usuall^ 8 or 4 in the spike. Capsule obtuse, not long-er than the bracts. TV. Australia. Swan river, Drummond, \st colL, n. 767 ; Stirling range, F. Mueller. 3. O. laxus, Benth. Quite glabrous, therhizomesometimes slig-htly elong-ated. Leaves f to l^ ft. long-, 2 to 2i lines broad. Infiorescence long-er than the leaves, loose. Spikes 2- or 3-ilowered, not numerous, all on peduncles much longer than the subtending- bracts. Outer bracts of the spike rather broad, gTeen, striate, shortly white-scarions and obtuse at the end, G lines long- or rather more. Capsule shortly and obtuselv acuminate, about as long- as the bract. — Libertia laxaj Endl. in Pl. Preiss. ii. 32. W, Australia. Swan river, Drummond, \st coll, n. 769, Collie, Preiss, n. 2230 ; Kalgau river, (Jldjidd ; Stirling range, F. Mueller ; Swan river and Bremer bay, Ma.vicell. ■4. O. gramineus, Bcnth. Quite g'labrous. Leaves 6 in. to near 1 ft. long, not 1 line and mostly not above \ line broad. Stem scarcely excceding the leaves, the leafy bracts at the base of the peduncles long- and hmceolate. Spikes 1 to 3 on each stem, on long- peduncles, each with 2 or 3 llowers. Outer bracts of the spike scarcely exceeding- \ in. or the outermost one long-er and acuminate, rather broad, the outer- most one rarely at all scarious, the second usually with a broad white scarious end. Capsule tapering- into a distinct beak, rarely exceeding' the bracts. — Lihertia (jraminea, Endl. in PL Preiss. ii. 32. W. Australia. Swan river, Drummond, \st coll., n. 768; near York, Freiss, n. 2229. o. O. polystachyus, Benth. Quite gLabrous. Leaves l^ to 2 ft. long-, 2 to 3 lines broad. Stems attaining- 2 to 4 ft., the inliorescence (3 to 10 in. long- and com})ound. Bracts of the main rhachis Linceohite, acuminate, striate, 1 to 2 in. long-, those of the short branches short and broad. Spikes usually many within eacli bract, all shortly pedun- cuLite and 1-ilowered, each with 2 unequal bracts, the longest not \ in. long. Flowers bhie, apparently rather smaller than in 0. multijiurus. Capsule g-labrouSj obtuse, longer than the bracts. W. Australia. Probably Swan river, Drummond, n. 206 and 357 ; Cape Natu- ralibte, Uldjidd; Warren river, Walcut. 412 cxxii. iRiDE^. [SisyrincMum. *5. SISYEINCHIUM, Linn. Periantli reg-ular, tlie tube very sliort, tlie limb of 6 nearly equal spreadinji; se[^nients, Filanients united to above tlie middle or rarely at the base onl}' ; anthers oblong- or lanceolate. Style shorter than the filaments, with 3 linear or subulate spreading branches, stigmatic at the end. Capsule ovoid or g-lobular, 8-valved, the pericarp rather thin. — Herbs with fibrous roots, and a very short tufted stock, or rarely annuals. Stem erect, often branched, usually 2-edg-ed. Leaves mosrly or all radical, narrow. Flowers on slender pedicels, clustered within 2 sheathing- herbaceous bracts, the outermost one subtending- the cluster on the main axis, the second outer bract and the inner membranous ones each oj)posed to a pedicel within the cluster, fruiting- pedicels exserted from the bracts. Tlie geniis is wiJely spread over North and South America, one species also found in various districts of the Ohl World, but in many places introduced. The two Aus- tralian ones are both of modern introduction, though now well established. Perennial, 6 in. to 1 ft. high. Steni vcr^' prominently 2-angled or 2-\vinged. Perianth ^ ui- d ameter or more 1. S. Bermudiana. Annnal under 6 in. Stem slightly 2-angled. Perianth \ in. diameter 2. S. micranthum. *1. S. Bermudiana, Linn. ; Cav.Diss. vi. 340, t. 192. A perennial witli erect stems of 0 in. to 1 ft., prominently 2-angIed or 2-edged, or with 2 narrow acute wings sometimes broader under the bracts. 1'lowers 2 to 6 together (usually 3 or 4) in a terminal cluster, the filiform pedicels almost concealed within the 2 outer sheathing- bracts, of which the outermost one often ends in a leafy tip exceeding- the ilowers, b.ut occasionally both are nearly equal. Perianth blue, the segmeuts 3 to 4 lines long*. A very coiimion North American species also indigenous perhaps in some parts of We>tern Europe and an introduced colonist in many other countries. It is said to he well estabhshed in some part of N. S. 'Virales and Victoria. *2. S. micranthum, Cav. Diss. vi. 345, t. 191. A slender annual, not above 0 in. hig-h, the branches llattened and 2-angled but not winged. Flower-clusters on peduncles long-er than the subtending* leaves or bracts, one or two at the end of the stem and often one or two from lower axils. Outer bracts of the cluster f to 1 in. long-. Pedicels very slender. Perianth-seg'ments about 1|^ lines iong". Staminal tube about half that len<>th.— Bot. Mag-. t. 2116. A South Anierican specics, introduced as a weed into several parts of Queensland and N. S. 'Wales, und now said to be exceediugly abundaut about lirisbane aud Purt Jackson. 6. LIBERTIA, Spren^. (Renealmia, B. Br. ; Nematostigma, Dietr.). Perianth reg-ular, divided to the ovary into 6 nearly equal spreading' seguients. Filaments free; anthers Imear-sagittate. Style shorter Libertia.] cxxn. iride.e. 413 than the filaments, with 3 linear-subulate spreading; branches, stig-matic and minutely toothed or frinyetl at the end. Capside ovoid or lilobuhn-, 3-valveil, the perirarp thin. — Herbs with a short otten very short k-aty base, and j^-rass-like tlat leaves ahnost radical thougli distichous. Flowering- stenis erect, sini])le or brauched, with 1 or l2 leaves below the intloroscence. Flowers chistered in the axils of sheathiny- bracts, each tiower on a slender pedicel, o])posed to a bract as in other Iruhfe^ but the shortness of the rhachis of the chister, and the lenj^tli of the ])edicels <>'ive the cluster the apj)earance of an umbel, and occasion some dithculty in tracing- its real structure on the dried specimens. The in- s]>ection of fresh specimens however prove it very clearly to be in conformity with the rest of the order. Tbe geiius extenfis to Xew Zealand anJ cxtiatrDpical Soutli America, one of tlie Australian species apparentlv the same as a New Zealanil one, tlie otlicr enilcinic. Tlie genus is reduceil by F. MueMer to Sisi/rinchhnu, in whicii Browii liad iii tlie tirst in- stance placed Lis tliree species ; but besides tlie differences indicated iii liis Addenda and recogiiised by subsequeut observeis, the infloresceuce gives it so distinct au aspect tbat I am unable to concur in the union. Flower-clusters many, paniculate, the flowering-stem 1 to I4 ft.higli. Perimthsegments about 4 lines 1. L. panicidata. Flrtwer-ckisters few or sojitary, the flowering-stem imder I ft. Periauth-segmeuts 2 to 3 liues long 2. L. pulchella. 1. L. paniculata, Sprcurj. Sijst. i. IGS. Rhizome and leafy base of the stem very short. Leaves almost radical, g-rass-like, Haccid, | to l^ ft. long and mostly about 3 lines broad. Stem 1 to l^- ft. hig'h, with sometimes a short leaf below the inflorescence. Panicle oblong- loose and irreg'ular, occupying- often half the stem, g-labrous as well as tlie whole plant or the pedicels slig-htly giandular-pubescent. Bracts membranous- scarious, the lower ones rather long* aud acuminate, those subtending* the flowers 3 to 4 lines long", ovate or ovate-lanceolate, obtuse or acute. Flower-clusters umbel-like, the pedicels 3 to 4 lines iong- when in flower, at least twice as long- under the fruits. Ovary obovoid, abouc l^ lines long under the flower. Ferianth-segments about 4 lines long-, ovate, spreading", the inner ones larger than the outer, but not so much so as in the non-Australian sjDecies. Filaments dilated at the base but not united. Style column very short, with 3 linear-subulate spreading- branches, niinutely fring-ed at the end. Capsule ovoid-giobular, 3 to 4 lines diameter. — Sisi/rinchium paniculatuin, \i. Br. Prod. 305 ; F. Muell. Frag^m. vii. 91 ; Reneahnia paniculata, R. Br. Prod. Addenda; Neinato- stigiiia paniculatum^ Dietr. Sp. Pl. ii. 510. N. S. 'Wales. Port Jaclvson and Hunter's river, R. Brown ; Blue Mnnntaina, Woolls, Miss Atkiiisou; nortiiward to Hastings river, Btcklcr ; New Enghiud, C. Stuart ; soutliward to lUawarra, A. Cunningham ; TwofolJ bay, /•'. Jludltr ; Capo Howe, C. Walter. Victoria. Snowy and Genoa rivers, F. Mueller. 2. L. pulchella, Sprenf/. Syst. i. 1G9. A much smaller plant tlian L. paniculata, the leafy base of the stems more slender but often elon- gated to from 1 to 3 in. and slightly branched. Leaves rarely 0 in. long- and 2 to 3 lines broad, often not above half that size. Scape or ■414 Cxxii. IRIDE^. [Libertia. peduncle from uuder 6 in. to nearly 1 ft. long", often with a sing-le leaf below the inliorescence which is more simple than in L. pankulata, ■usually a sinp-le terminal chister and one or two lower down on the stem. Rhachis of the chister often somewhat elongated, and some- times a peduncuhite chister from the axil of the same bract. Bracts membranous, striate, acuminate, the subtending- ones |- to f in. h^ng-, the inner ones smaller. PediceLs fiHform, f to 1 in. long-, often glanduhar- pubescent as well as the ovaries. Ovary giobuhir, about 1 line long- at the time of ilowering". Perianth-segments narrower than in L. pani- cvlata and still more nearly equal. varying- from 2 to 3 hnes long'. Filaments fiUform, very shortly dihited at the base, Style of L. pani- mlata. Capsule about 2 Hnes diameter, opening- to the base in three valves which often retain the seeds long- after they open. — Sisyrinchium jndchdlum, R. Br. Prod. 805; F. Muelh Frag-m. vii. 92; Rcneahnia pnlchcUa, R. Br. Prod. Addenda ; Ncmatostifinui pulchelhnn, Dietr. Spec. Ph ii. 510 ; Libertia iMurencii, Hook. f. FL Tasm. ii. 34, t. 129 ; L. micrantha, A. Cunn. in Hook. f. FL N. ZeaL i. 252. N. S. "Wales. Grose river, R. Brown; Blue Mountains, C. 31oore ; Port Jack- son, WooUs. Victoria. Upper Targil and Upper Latrobe rivers, Mount Baw-Baw, sources of the Yan-a, &:c., F. Muvller. Tasmania. Abimdant in various parts of the island, ascending to 4000 ft., /. D. Eoolitr, and others. The species is also in New Zealand. The common Tasmanian form dcscribcd by Hooker as L. Laurencii, has rather large flowers, the perianth-segmeiits about 3 b'nes hing; but some Tasmanian specimens, especially from Gordon river, MiUigan, Brown's own, and sonie of the New Zeaiand ones bave them reniarkably small, the peiianth- si'gnients scarcely 2 lines long. The majoiity of the New South Wales and New Zealand oues are more or less intermediate in size. 7. CAMPYN"EMA, LabilL Perianth regular, divided to the ovary into C nearly equal seg-mcnts spreading' from the base. Stamens 6, the lilaments free ; anthers opening- outwards, but sag-ittate with short obtuse auricles at the base. Styles 3, distinct from the base, rather thick, obtuse and stig-matic at the end, at first connivent, at length spreading-. Capsule oblong- or turbinate, prominently and obtusely 3-ang-led. Seeds more or less fiattened or ang-ular, with a spongy testa. — Perennial herbs, with a short rhizome, and a single or rarely two leaves radical or nearly so, Stem singde, with 1 to 4 peduncuhite flowers, centrifug-al in their development, at first terminal but becoming- opposed to a hnear bract by the develojmient of its axilhiry shoot. The genus is eudemic in Tasmania, with exceptional cliaracters, to whatever Order it may be ascribed. Brown, judging froni Labiilardiere's figuie and desciiption, pbicod it amongst anomalous genera at the end of Alelanthacfce, from wliich it differs esscn- tially in its strictly inlerior ovary and capsule, a cliaracter to wliich less importaiice was tlien attaciied tlian has since been attributed to it. Liiidley enumeraied it amongst AmaryUidfa'. froni wJiicli Kuntli appeais to liave advisidly expunged it, as it appears in his index, but not in the text ot his fifth volume. F. Mueller refers it without hesi- Campyncmai\ CXXll. iniDEiE. 41S tation to Hypoxidece, although the seeds have not the crustaceous testa nor tlic pro- jecting hooked hilum peculiar to thiit suborilcr or tribe. It difTers froui jill the above groups iu two iniportant characters — tbe authers opeuiui^ outward'^, arKl the centri- fugal inlloresceuce, in both ot" wliich it agrees with Irideas, amongst which it appcars to me to coustitute au exceptionaliy hexandrous genus. Piant of ^ to 1 ft., with a narrow linear or linear-lanceolate leaf . . 1. C. linenre. Dwarf plant, witli usually 2 oblong lanceolate short leaves .... 2. C. pi/gmcea. 1. C. lineare, Lahlll. Pl. Nov. Holl. i. 93, t. 121. Rhizorae very sliort, with rather thick iibrous roots. Stems slender, varyiQ_i>- from 3 or 4 in. to at least 1 ft. hio-h, with a sing-le linear or linear-lanceohite leaf of 2 to 4 in. and sometimes a small one outside of it ahnost reduced to its scarious sheath, and often 1 ov 2 small linear leaves or bracts hig-her nj). Flowers either solitary and terminal or 2 to 4, the lateral ones opening- later ou short or long- peduncles,the terminal one becoming opposed to a linear bract. Perianth-segments ovate or ovate-lanceohxte, acute or mucronate, contracted at the base, about 3 lines long-. Fila- ments inserted at the base of the seg-ments and about half as long-, at length recurved ; anthers ovate-oblong. Styles quite distinct and rather broad at the base, the tips long- cohering- but at length recurved. Ovary oblong-turbinate or ahnost linear. Capsule when fully developed ^ in. long-, tapering- towards the base. — Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 48 ; Campyloncma liacarCj Schultz, Syst. vii. 1507. Tasmania. Rocky Cape, Macquarrie Harbour, Kecherche bay, &c., ascending to 400U t't., Gunn, MiHigan; Southport, C. Stuart. 2. C. pygmBeum, F. Mucll. A small stout plant of 1 to 1|- in. Leaves usually 2, oblong--hinceolate, obtuse, recurved spreading-, i to I in. long- and 2 to 3 lines broad. Flowers 1 or rarely 2 on a stem not exceeding the leaves. Ovary shortly turbinate but the structure the same as in C. Uncarc, of which F. Mueller thinks it may be an alpine variety. Tasmania. Summit of Mouat Lapeyrouse iu the tufts of Donatia, Oldfield. Order CXXIII. AMARYLLIDE^. Flowers hermaphrodite, regular or oblique. Perianth superior, with or without a distinct tube, the limb of 0 coloured or petal-like segnitnts, all equal or rarely the 3 inner oues rather larg-er or smaller. Stamens 0, inserted at the orifice of the tube or base of the seg^ments or rarely 3 only opposite the inner segments, or in a very few genera not Austra- lian more than 0 ; tilaments free or united at the base into a short tube or corona ; authers versatile or raroly attached at the base, Avith 2 parallel cells opening inwards or laterally. Style single, with 3 adnate stigmas, usually very small and contiuent on the obtuse end, rarely oblong- or linear and connate or diverging- into stigmatic branches. Ovaryinferior or rarely hulf-superior, 3-celledwith severalusuallynume- rous rarely only 1 or 2 ovules in each cell, amphitropous anatropous or 416 CXXIII. AMARYLLIDE^. rarely orthotropous, attached to an axile placenta, or rarely the ovary reduced to 1 cell by the abortion of 2 carpels or by the obliteration of the dissepiment. Fruit usually a capsule, opening- loculicidally either at the free apex only or to the base in 3 valvos, rarely succulent and indehiscent, or burstiny irreg-ularly. Seeds albuminous, ■with a small or linear embryo, the radicle near to or more or less distant from the hihim. — Herbs with a perennial short or tuberous or creeping- rhizome, or bulbous base. Leaves mostly radical, or nearly so, the sheathing' base either distichous or imbricate or bulbous, the lamina entire, usually narrow with contiguous parallel veins, either laterally com- pressed (equitant), terete, channelled or liat, rarely broad with distant primary veins and transverse veinlets. Scapes or tiowering- stems ter- minal, leailess or with one or more sheathing* bracts or leaves much smaller than the radical ones, with a single terminal tlower or more frequently with several or many ilowers either in a terminal umbel surrounded by 2 or more membranous or coloured bracts, or few in a terminal raceme or many in a terminal thyrsus or panicle, each branch and each Hower subtended by a bract, the inHorescence usually cen- tri])etaL Perianths g-labrous hairy or woolly in the Australian g"enera, most frequently white, yellow, or red, rarely purple, never bkie. The Order is generally distributed over the warmer aiid temperate regions of the globe, most abundant in dry, sunny countries. Of the thirteeu Australian gtnera, three range over tropical Asia and tropical and Southeru Africa, two of theui spariugly re- preseuted also in America, a fourth {Enrijcles) exteuds to ihe Archipelago, the reuiaiuiug nine are endemic, and six of them limited to West Australia. 'J he seveial tribes here distinguished are usually consideved as so niany iiidependeut Orders, or at auy rate as referrible to three distinct Orders — Hcemodoraccce, Hi/poxidcce, and AmarijlUdcce ; but ahhough those subordinate groups are in most respects distinct, it appears to me tliat it is oul}' by their union in one general Order that we can obtain a well-di-tiiied groiip. of the same grade aa Tridcce, Burmaiiriiacece, Orchidece, Scitamincce, and Hydiochuridece, all of them clearly marked out by defiuite and important characters. It is generaliy admitted that the above suborders here uuited under Amari/Uidece, agree in the most imjiortant characters derived from the flower aiid seed, diflering from Hijdrocharid- ce, Orchidcce, and Biirmanniactce in their albumiuous seeds, from iScitaniinece and Orchidece in their regular (or only obliqne) flowers, trom Iridece and Bnrmanniaace iu their ceutripetal not centrifugal iuflorescence and in tlieir stamens, from Taccacece aud the majority of Orchidece and Burwanniuccce in their axile placcntum, from JJiosco- ridtOE in their hermaphrndite flower, aud in all cases there are other characters either less constaut or of miiior impovtance. Amongst these Amaryllideous suborders, ffcemcdoracece have been supposed to be distinctly characterized by equitaut leaves and furfuraceous-iomentose flowers, but Hienwdoruin and Fhlehocari/a are perfectly glabrous, the leaves are terete orchaunplIeJ abo^e in some species, and uever equitant in Velloziece, nnw generally iuckided iu Hceniodoraccce. Herbert, who unitt s the greater portion of Hceniodoracece with Ania- ri/Uidece, would exclude Hcemodorum itself as being triundrous ; but ahhough Iridece are almost uiiiversally triandrous and AmarijUidcce hexandrous, this number of stamens, siugle or doubie, if rilied upon absolutely, separates the Ovders much less naturaliy than the difference in inflovesceuce wherever it can be ascertained, accompanied as it is by an apparently constant diftevence in the anthers. Wlien the scapes are uniflovous, the number of stamens or some other of the above mentioned characters may be called in aid. Taking therefove the Ainarijllitlcce as a whole as one Order, it would iuclude be- sides the five tvibes ov subordc rs lieve enumevated, which are all commou to the New as well as ihe Old World, the Velloziece, which are confined to Ainerica, except a single Afvican species and the Alstrcemieriece, all American, iu which however the secoudary infloresceuce appears to be centrifugal. CXXIII. AMARYLLIDE^. 417 TRinE l. Heemodoreae. — Periantli qlahrous, divided to the ovary into distinctly 2-seriate segnwiU/i. liitlyma^ very small. Leaves laterally fiattened or terete. Infio- rescence compound or rarely simply racemose. StanieDS 3. Ovules 2 iu each cell. Capsule almost superior, 3-dynious 1. H^;moi)Orum. Stamens 6. Ovules 1 to each carpel, the ovary ciften 1-cclled. Nut inforior, iudebiscent, 1-seeded. Flowers small 2. riiLEBocARY.\. Tribe 2. Conostylese. — Perianth plumose-n-oolly or tomentose outside, the tnhe usufdlj) continited (tbove the ovary, the lohes apparently 1-seriate. IStigmas very small. Lenves hiterally fiattened or terete. Infiorescence compound simply racemose or capi- tate, rurely Ifiurous. iStumens 6. Filaroents broad, produced into 2 erect flat appendages above the insertion of the anthers. Ovules many. Flowers solitary or few in a head or .small cyme 3. Tuibonanthes. Fiianients inappeiidicuiate. Perianth canipanulate or rarely tubular. Ovules several, usually many in each cell, uot in rows. Capsule opening iu 3 valves at thc apex. Flowers in heads or cyines, rareiy solitary . . 4. Conostylis. Perianth tubuhir, tlie limb equah Ovules several, in 2 rows in each cell, the ovary adnate at tlie angles ouly. Flowers in short unihiteral racemes oii a branching scape 5. Blancoa. Perianth long, tubular, the limb very oblique, more spHt on the lower side. Flowers in unilateral racemes or spiiies on a simple or dichotomous scape or peduncle. Ovules many or rarely 2 to 4 in each teii. Capsule o-valved at the apex. Wool of the perianth red green or yellow . . 6. Anigozanthos; Ovules 1 iii each ceU. Seeds sepaiating in 3 cocci, leaving the thick persistent septa. Wool of the perianth nearly black 7. Macropodia. Tribe 3. XXypoxidese. — Perianth hairy or rarcly glahrous. Stigmas or stigmaiic lohes larc/e, free or connate. Ovules many, in 2 roivs in each cell. Seeds ivith a crus- taceous testa, the hilum produced into a hooked heaJc. Leaves horizontally fiattened, channelled or terete. Flowers in a simple spike or raceme or solitary. Flowcrs sessile within sheathing or imbricate bracts in a dense spike. Peiianth usually with a long tube 8. Curcdligo. Flowers solitary or few in a lonse pedunculate raceme. Perianth divided to the ovary iuto spreading segments 9. Hypoxis. Tribe 4. Agavese. — Periatith r/lahrous. Stigmas small. Tall oftcn woody plants, not hulhous. Leaves horizuntcdly fiat, channelled {or terete?). Inflorescence com- pound. Eadical leaves very numerous. Flowers large, red, in a terminal compound head or th; rsus 10. Doryanthes. Tribe 5. Euamaryllidese. — Perianth glabrou^. Sligmas small. Bulhous plants. Lcaves hori:o,ilally fiut, channelled or tcrete. Floivers umhellate or rarely soUtary on leafiess scapes. No corona. Flowers large. Ovules several, in 2 rows in eacli cell 11. Ciunum. Filaments connected below the middle by a corona. Ovary 3-celled, with 2 ovuies in each celi. Leaves bmad, with distant primary veins 12. Eukycles. Ovary ]-celled, with 2 ovules. Leaves narrow witli close veins, or broad with distant priiuary veins 13. Calostemma. VOL. VI, E E 418 CXXIII. AMARYLLIDEiE. Tribe 1. H^modorEjE. — Rhizome or base of the stem short and thick, emitting- fibrous roots and sometimes covered with the brown slieathino- bases of old leaves so as to resemble bulbs. Leaves mostly radical, with distichous sheathing- bases and long laterally Hattened or terete lamina?. Stems often with a few short leaves. Flowers g-la- hrous, in cymes or panicles, rarely reduced to a simple raceme. Perianth divided to the ovary into 6 seg'ments in 2 rows. Ovules 1 or 2 to each carpel or cell. 1. HJEMODOKUM, Sm. Perianth persistent, divided to the ovary into C seg-ments, all nearly equal or the outer ones shorter. Stamens S, inserted at the base of the inner segments, which in the open Hower are usually convolute round the filaments at the base. Ovary entirely or ahnost entirely inferior, the broad summit either flat or with 8 shght protuberances, 3-celled, -with 2 ovules in each cell. Style simple, obtuse, entire or obscurely H-furrowed at the stigniatic end. Capsule half or ahnost entirely superior, the free part 3-dymous and opening- in .3 loculicidal slits. Seeds ovate, flat, with a wang'-Hke marg-in, ]>eltately attached to a prominent placenta.— Erect g-labrous herbs, the base of tlie stem or rhi- zome sometimes thickened and enclosed in the persistent sheathing- base of the leaves so as to resemble narrow hulbs, the fibrous roots sometimes very thick and spongy and often red. Leaves sheathing- and equitant at the base, the lamina laterally flattened or terete, the lower ones sometimes very long, the upper ones few and short. Flowers black, red, of a livid gTeen, or perhaps in some of the small flowered- species yellow, usually frag-rant, in clusters compound heads cymes loose panicles or interrupted spikes, with a hract under eacli branch or pedicel, and usually 2 on each pedicel even when very short. The genus is limited to Australia. Flowers in dense globular or oblong lieads on dwarf stems (under 6 in.). Leaves nearly terete. Leaves thick and short. Flower-heads sohtary. Perianth- segments ncarly cqual. Tasmaaian species 1. H. dstichophyllum. Leaves slender atid long. Fiower-heads oblong, usually two. Outer pcriantli-Sfgments shorter. Trojjical species . . 2. H. brevicaule. Flowers (bhick), above 3 lines h)iig, in clusters ol' 2 to 4 or siiigly pedicellate. Leaves very narrow or terete. Western species. Bracts nnder and on the pcdiccls narrow, not scarious. Flowers singly pedicenate in a diciiotomous panicle . . 3. H. sparsiflorum. Flowcrs usually two together along the rhachis of a single interrupted spike. Stout plant of 2 to 3 II. Outer perianth-segnients more thau | tho lcngth of the iniicr \. H. spicalum. Slcnder plant under 1 ft., oWongbulbous at the base. 0'iter perianthsegments \ as long as the inner . . A. H. hrevisepalum. Bracts under and on the pedicels broad with scaiious margins. Tall i^lants. Bracts at least f as long as the flovvers. Flower-cUistcrs several along the branches of an erect pauicle Q. H. jJaniculatum. IffPinodorum.] CXXIII. AMARYLLIDEiE. 419 Flower clustcrs singly terniinatiiig the branches of a spreading paniulo 1 . H. laxum. Slender plant. Bracts less tlian \ as long as tho flowers. Flower-clustcrs Rolitary or few on long pcduiicles . . 8. H. simplex. Flowers (dark rcd, livid or black) abovc 3 liiics long, very nunieroiis. in dense termiual corymbosc cymes. Leaves flat or terete. Perianth-seginents nearly equal. Flowers (black) usualiy in 2 or more distinctly peduncu- late compact cynics or heads. Westcrn spccics . . 9. 11. simulans. Flowcrs (grccnish purt>!c) foriningoiie compactcompound termiiial cyine. Eastcrn spccics. Leaves flat, 2 to 3 lines broaJ 10. H. planifoUum. Leaves slcndcr, tercte 11. II. teretijblium. Outerprrianth scginents considcrably shorterthan thc inner. Flowers (red ?) in a compact compound terminal cyme. Tropical species 12. H. coccineum. Flowers about 2 lincs long, green or ycliow, in paniclcs or spikes, the inner segments broader but not longer than the outer. Tmpical or Eastern subtropical species. Leaves long, flat, flaccid. Flowers deusely cymose in a corymbo^e panicle 13. H. subvirens. Leaves flat, rigid, and ghaucous. Flowers loosely racemose along the branches of a spreading panicle 14. H. enslfoliu,m. Leaves slender, terete. Flowers very sliortly pedicellate along the branches of a spreading panicle 15. H. pnrrifiornm. Flowers nearly sessile along a simple rhachis . . . . 16. H. leptd.^ildcliyum. Flowers singly pcdiccllate iu a dichotomous panicle . .17. H teiiuifollaia. 1. H. distichophyllum, Hooh. Ic. Pl. t. 866. A dwarf compact species, not exceeding- 4 in., the lower part occiipied by the broad di.s- tichous leaf-sheaths ; laminoe of the leaves thick, not much compressed, rigid, 2 to 3 in. lono- and not above 2 lines broad. Stems with 8 or 4 loose sheathino;' bracts of ■!■ to | in. Flowers not many in a compact terminal head scarcely | in. diameter. Perianth shorjtly adnate at the base, the seg-ments oblong- or lanceolate, about 2 lines long- and all nearly equal. P'ilaments as long- as the perianth, with srnall anthers. Ca{)sule almost entirely superior, deeply tridymous. — Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 35. Tasmania. Heathy ground ncar Port Macquarrie, Milligan. 2. H. brevicaule, F. Mvcll. Fragm. i. 64. Stems not al)ove 6 in. hig-h, covered at the base with the bruad sheathing- bases of the leaves sometimes splitting- into fibres. Radical leaves with a terete slender lamina, sometimes 1 ft. long- or even more ; leaves or bracts under the intlorescence 1 or 2, lanceolate, | to 1 in. long-. Flowers drying black, in one two or three dense oblong- heads of f to 1 in., tlie bracts within the head small. Inner perianth-segments in some specimens a little above 2 Irnes, in others nearly 3 lines long-, narrow and obtuse, the outer ones ;^ to ^ shorter. Filaments thick, nearly as long- as the ])f'riant]i ; anthers rather short. N. Australia. Sca range and dry plains towaris M'Adam range, F. Mueller ; Liverpool river, Gullicer. E e2 420 cxxiii. AMARYLLiDEiE, [E(Bmodorvm. 3. H. sparsiflorum, F. Muell. Fragm. vii. 117. A ratlier tall species, with tlie liabit and foliag-e of H. la.ruvi and a siniilarly divari- cately branclied panicle, but the iiowers smaller, on pedicels long-er than the perianth, the bracts at the base of and on the pedicels linear or lan- ceolate, 2 to 3 lines long-, without scarious margins. Perinnth-segments about 3J lines long-, apparently bhick, very narrow, shortly dihated at the base, the outer ones rather shorter than the inner. Capsule appa- rently much smaller than in H. laxum, but not seen ripe. ■W. Australia. Druvimond, n. 58. 4. H. spicatum, 7?. Br. Prod. 300. Stems simple, attaining- 2 to 3 ft., covered at the shortly thickened base by the short broad sheath- ing- bases of the leaves, but loosely so and not so bulb-like (in the specimens seen) as in //. hrcviscpalum and H. simplcx. Leaves from their short sheathing base tapering* into a long" very narrow linear-sub\ilate lamina. Flowers black, mostly in pairs along- a simple rhachis of 6 in. to 1 ft., each pair subtended by an ovate-lanceolate acuminate bract of 2 to 3 lines, with a small lanceolate bract on each pedicel, the pedicels always much shorter than tlie perianth. Inner perianth-segments linear or linear-lanceolate, about 5 lines long-, Ihe outer ones usually about 1 line shorter, more subulate, but dilated at the base. Filaments inserted near the base of the inner seg-ments, enclosed in but free from them. Anthers oblong", rather short. Capsule about 4 lines broad. — Endl. Iconogr. t. 98, and in Pl. Preiss. ii. 15 ; H. cdulc, Endl. in Pl. Preiss. ii. 15. VT, Australia. Lucky bay, R. Brown ; King George's Sound and adjoining dis- tricts, Preisa, n. 1423, Oldfield, and olhers ; Swan river, Preiss, n, 1421 ; Murchison river, (Jhlfield. — The roots are said to be eaten by the natives. 6. H. brevisepalum, Bcnth. Stems simple, ratber slender, under 1 ft. high and enclosed at the base in the closely-pressed membranous sheathing' bases of old leaves, forming- an oblong- bulb as in H. simplcx. Leaves tapering- into linear-terete himinif, usually longer than the stem. Flowers in distant pairs along* a simple rhachis as in //. spicatum, but fewer, as large or rather larger, and the outer segments broadly ovate, very shortly acuminate and only half as long* as the inner ones. ^V. Australia. Swan river, Prummond, Istcoll. n. 743. 6. H. paniculatum, Lindl. S?va7i Biv. App. 44. Very near H. laxwm and perhaps a variety only. It appears to be a still taller plant, the leaves rather ilatter and not quite so rigid. Panicle with fewer more erect branches, the llowers in clusters or cymes of 2 to 4 along- the branches and not all terminal. Bracts larger, more scarious on the margins. Perianths rather larg'er, the outer seg"ments rather shorter and considerably broader than the inner ones. — Endl. in Pl. Preiss. ii. 15 ? partly. 'W. Australia. Swan river, Drurnmond, \st. coll. n. 742 ; Murchison river, Oldfield. H. stricfum, Eudl. in Pl. Preiss. ii. 15, from Wellington district, probably belongs to H . jMniculatum, as well as Preiss's n. 1425, from Victoria district. ITamodonim.] cxxiii. amaryllide^. -421 7. H. laxum, I?. Br. Protl. mO. Sfoms rig-id, l-^- to 2 ft. liig-Ii. Lowor leaves 10 in. to above 1 t"t. long', rigid, striate, thick or sonie- times alniost terete, 1 to li- lines broad or sometimes nearly 2 lines at tlie base before they open into a long' sheath, tliose of the stem also g-radually dihited into long- slieatlis. Flowers on short pedicels, usually 2 to 4 tog-ether at the ends of the dicliotomous branches of a very loose corvmbose panicle. Bracts at the base of tlie branches small, those unaer and upon tlie pedicols ovate or obh)ng', at least | as long- as the llowers, with scarious marg-ins. Perianth bhick, rather above 4 lines long-, the outer seg'ments rather shorter than the inner ones, with broad bases. Caj)sule nearly ^ in. broad. TV. Australia. King George^s Sound, E. Brown ; Perongerup, F. 3Iueller ; Vasse and Blackwood rivers, Oldfield. 8. H. simplex, Lindl. Swan Eiv. App. 44. Stem rather slender, 1 to 1 J ft. hig'h, not much thickened at the base but covered with the broad membranous sheathing- bases of the lovver leaves, so as to form a kind of narrow oblong- bulb. Leaves very narrow, linear-terete, the radical ones sometimes short sometimes 6 to 8 in. long' ; those of the stem few, abruptly dih\ted into short sheaths. Flowers " bkickish," few together in compact heads or cymes which are either solitary or 2 tog-ether on short peduncles at the end of the stem, or sometimes another on a long-er peduncle from the axil of a bract lower down. Bracts imder and upon the ver}^ short pedicels broadly ovate or orbi- cular, not half so long as the llower, with scarious margins. Perianth about 4 lines long-, the outer segments rather shorter than the inner, very broad at the base, the inner much convolute. Capsule 3 to 4 lines broad, but not quite ripe in the specimens seen. TV. Australia. Swan river, Drummond, \st. coll. ; Kalgan river, Oldfield ; Lake Muir, Muir. H. polycephalum, Endl. in Pl. in Preiss. ii. 16, from Swan river, is probably founded on speciniens of this species with more than one head of flowers, those which Liadley described having had mostly only a single head. 9. H. simidans, J^. Mudl. Frapm. vii. 117. A stout rigid species, one of Drummoud's specimens above 4 tt. high. Leaves flat, rigid, striate, the lower ones sometimes 1 ft. long- and | in. broad, but in other specimens not above 2 lines broad, the upper ones short and broad. Flowers "■ bhick and fragrant" rather numerous, in compact cymes at the end of the stem and of 1 to 3 long- peduncles. Bracts linear or narrow-hmceohite, without scarious margins. Perianth about h, in. loug-, the sog-ments all narrow and nearly equal, shortly dilated at the base. Filaments not long-er than the anthers, which somotimes do not reach to above half the length of the perianth, althoug-h sometimes noarly its length. W. Australia. Swan river, Drummond, \st colL, also n. 310; Murchison river, Oldfidd. This was considercd by Lindley as the same as the Eastern //. pJaiufolium, and in- deed is scarcely to be distinguished froin it eicept by the usuaily broader more promi- 422 cxxiii. AMARYLLiDE^. [Hamodorum, nently veined leavos, ancl by the flovers in more compact lieaJs or cymes, but usually 2 or mcire sucli hcads on unec^ual peduncles, instead of forming together only one terminal compact corymb. 10. H. planifolium, F. Br. Prod. 300. Stems from a tliick base 2 to 3 ft. hi^li, scurcely branclied below the inllorescence. Lower or radical leaves long*, grass-like, liat, from under 2 lines to nearly 3 lines broad, the upper ones few and short. Flowers numerous, of a livid purple or g-reenish at the base, in short forked racemes or cymes col- lected in a compact more or less corymbose panicle, but usually looser than in //. coccitmm. Bracts narrow, subulate-acuminate, usually longer than the pedicel. Perianth-segments linear or linear-lanceolate, obtuse in the bud, but appearing acuminate when open the margins being involute, about 5 lines long, the outer ones scarcely shorter than the inner. Stamens much shorter than the perianth ; anthers linear, about as long as the filaments. Ovary wholW inferior, the summit showing only 3 slight protuberances. Capsule more than half superior, tridymous, 4 to 5 lines broad. — Bot. Mag. t. 1610. N. S. '^Vales. Port Jackson to the Blue Mountains, R. Broion, Sieber, n. 203, and maiiy olhers; Hastings and Clarence riyers, BecJder ; Clarence river, n^ilcox ; Ncw England, Lnchhardt, C. Stuart. T he species varies in some manner in inflorescence, the panicle compact or spreading, the ultimate racemes few and long or numerous and sliort. 11. H. teretifoliTxm, i?. Br. Prod. 300. Stature inflorescence and flowers precisely those of II. jjlanifulium., but the leaves from a short sheathing base very long, slender, terete, or nearly so, about h line broad, as in //. teniiifolium. Flowers very numerous in a compact but not very dense compound corymbose panicle, black when dry as in the allied species. Perianth-segments narrow and about 5 lines long, the outer ones scarcely shorter than the inner as in H. planifolium. N. S. TVales. Port Jackson, R. Broicn; Illawarra, A. CunningJiam, an imper- fect specimen, biit apparently the same as Browns plant. 12. H. coccineum, /?. Br. Prod. 300. Stems from a thick base 2 to 3 ft. high, not branched below the inflorescence. Leaves at the base of the stem 1 to 2 ft. long, flat, 2 to 3 lines broad, very finely striate, the upper ones iQw and short. Flowers numerous '' red" but drying black, in dense cymes forming* a compact terminal compound corvmbose panicle. Perianth-segments Hnear, the outer ones thickened and di- lated at the base, 3 lines long, the inner ones rather narrower and ^ longer. Stamens a little shorter or longer than the perianth, tlie anthers much shorter than the filaments. Ovary wliolly inferior. Capsule half superior, about 4 or 5 lines broad, conspicuously 3-dymous or didymov.s by abortion of one cell. N. Australia. Ishmds of the Gulfof Carpentaria, R. Brown, Henne, Gulliver; T,^p]>rr \'ictiiria river, F. Mueller. Queensland. Cape York, MGiUivray, Daemel, Vei'cJi; Albany island, F. Mueller; Fit/joy iblana, and Mount KUiott, Fitzalan ; llockingham bay, very abundaut, Dallacky; Cape river aiid Gleuella creek, Bowman. Hfemodomm.] cxxiii. AMARYLLiDEiE. 423 13. H. subvirens, F. MuclL Fraqm. \. 03. A tall species. Lower or radicle leaves loni;er and more Haccid tlian in //. coccincwn, .3 to 4 lines broad. Flowers numerous, in a rather looscr und more spreading- corymbose panicle than in that species. Bracts lanceolate, acuminate, nearly as long* as the ilowers. Perianth scarcely above 3 lines long*, o-reenish according- to F. Mueller's notes, somewhat yellowish when dry, the outer seg-ments narrow-lanceolate, acute, the inner ones ratlier broader and more obtuse but not longer. N. Australia. Rocky liills, Upper ViLtoiia river, F. Jluiiler, a single specinieii proserveil in llerb. Hooker, repn sented in Herli. F. ]\[ueller by oue of M. coccineum, which, tlioiigh resembling it iu habit, has very different flowers. 14. H. ensifolium, F. 3£ncU. Frafjm. i. 04. A rig-id glaucous species, l? ft. higli or more. Leaves rigid, with long- open sheaths, the lamiua Hat, obtuse, "2 to 3 lines broad and about 1 ft. long- in the radical leaves, those of the stem short. Panicle broad loose and divaricate, the ultimate branches loosely racemose, with very small bracts, Pedicels usually about as long- as the tiowers. Perianth-seg-ments oblong--Ian- ceolate, obtuse, scarcel}' 2 lines long-, the outer ones quite as long- as the inner. Stamens about as long- as the perianth. Capsule nearly \ in. broad. N. Australia. M'Adam range, F. Mueller; Port Darwin, Schultz, n. 522. 16. H. parviflorum, Benth. Stems slender, l^ to 2 ft. hig-h. Leaves with rather long- sheathing- bases, the lamina slender and terete like that of //. terctiJhUiim, the lower ones sometimes 1 ft. long-, the upper ones few and short. Panicle consisting- of few, sometimes only 2 or 3 slender spreading- branches, along- which the tlowers are racemose, on pedicels usually shorter than the llower. Perianth-segments about 1-J- lines long-, narrow-oblong-, obtuse, the inner ones not longer thau the outer. Stamens shorter than the perianth. Capsule althoug-h nearly ripe not above 3 lines diameter. N. Australia Brunswick bay, N.W. coast, A. Cunningham; Port Dartvin, Schultz, n. 723. 16. H. leptostachyum, Benth. Base of the steni thickly covered in our specimens with the rigid fibrous remains of old sheaths. Stem fpiite simple or branching- below tlie middle, slender, 1 to l^ ft. hig-h. Leaves short, the lamina very slender and terete but rigid. Flowers sessile or nearly so within very small obtuse bracts along- a long slender simple rhachis. Perianth-segments broadly ovate, very obtuse, nearly 2 lines long-, the inner ones not long-er than the outer. Stamens about as long- as the perianth-segments. Fruit apparently like that of //. parri/turiim. N. Australia. Port Darwin, Schultz, n. 659. 17. H tenuifolium, A. Cunn. Hcrb. Stems l^ to 2 ft. hig-h. Radical and lower leaves with a rather broad short sheathing- base, very long-, slender and almost terete, about ^ line broad. Pauicle loosely divari- 424 cxxiii. AMARYLLiDE^. [Hamodomm. cate, tLe ultimate 1-flowered branclies mucli lon2'er than the flower, with small distant bracts, and not at all assuminu- the racemose character. Perianth-segments broadly ovate, very obtuse, all nearly the same length, the outer ahnost membranous with a broad base, the inner ones of a thicker consistence, nearly orbicular, contractcd at the base and of a deeper colour when dry. Fihiments attaining' nearly the len<> th of the perianth ; anthers ovate, usually slightly exserted. Queensland. Peat and boggy ground, shores of Moreton bay and island, A. Cun- m)'f/haiii, F. Mueller. N. S. "Wales. Duval, Leichhardt. 2. PHLEBOCARYA, r! Br. Perianth persistent, divided to the ovary into 6 nearly equal seg- nients. Stamens 6 ; anthers erect, on short filaments, inserted at the base of the segments. Ovary inferior, more or less 3-celled when very yoxmg-, but often 1-celled at the time of flowering- by the obliteration of the dissepiments, placenta central, with 3 ascending- ovules (1 to each cell). Style simple, obtuse, entire or obscurely 3-furrowed at the stig-matic end. Fruit wholly inferior, nut-like and indehiscent, con- taining' a single erect seed. Testa membranous ; albumen fleshy. — Herbs usuallv more or less ciliate with lon"- hairs. Leaves long' iiarrow and gTass-like. Flowering- stems slender, shorter than the leaves, usually forked or dichotomously divided, with a compact or loose cyme of small flowers at the end of each branch. The genus is limited to West Australia. Leaves flat, ciliate on the niargin only, aud sonietimes almost with- out cilia. Anther-connective not longer than the cells . . . 1. P. ciliata. Leaves flat, hairj on the whole surface. Anther-connective shortly • produced bevond the cells 2. P. pilosissima. Ijcaves terete, fihform, sparingly ciliate. Anther-connective mucli produced beyoud the cells 3. P.filifolia. 1. P. ciliata, i?. Br. Prod. 301. Rhizome short and thick. Radical leaves with broad black rigid sheathing- bases, narrow-linear, f to l^ ft. long-, 1 to 2 lines broad, rigid or rather flaccid, prominently striate, niore or less bordered with long- cilia usually distant and sometimes only to be seen on young- leaves. Flowers mostly about 2 lines long-, the cyme-like clusters usually rather dense at flrst consisting- of about 6 to 12 flowers, each on a very short pedicel in the axil of a linear bract of 1 to 2 lines ; as the flowering" advances the branches of the cluster sometimes leng-then to near 1 in., the whole inflorescence forming- a loose panicle always much shorter than tlie leaves, Perianth- segments lanceolate, evidentlv spreading- when fresh althoug-h almost universall}' erect in the dried specimens. Filaments very short ; anthers oblong-, the connective not produced beyond the cells. Ovary at the time of flowering- 1-celled, with a broadthick disk- or cup-shaped central placenta at the hase of the cavitv, upon which are seated 3 erect orthotropous ovules^ but I have occasioually found a persistent axis in Pkh'bocart/n.] CXXIII. AMAUYLLIDEiE. 425 tlie centre connected with the apex of the cell and g-enerally along- the Avalls of the cell the romains of three dissepiments, so that probably in u very young- state the ovar}-- is normally 3-celled. Fruit a sniall ovoid- g"lobuhir nut, orowned by the persistent perianth, the pericarp thick and ajjparently indehiscent, containing- a single nearly giol>uhir seed with a membranous testa and tieshy albumen, not quite ripe however in the sjteciuuMis examined. — Endl. in Pl. Preiss. ii. LM). "W. Australia. King Geortre's Sound, B. Broivn, F. Muellcr; Capel and Vasse rivers, Oli/jitld; Haiupdeii, CUirke. Var. heris. Leaves ratlier long, broad, and rigid, with very few cilia only to be seea on tbi' young leaves, which, however, I have never found to be absolutdy without any. — P. /aTw, Lindl. Swan Riv. App. 43 ; Endl. in. Pl. in Preiss. ii. 2U. — Swan river, Drummond, ist coll., Freiss, n. 1558 ; Capel rivcr, Oldjield. 2. P. pilosissima, F. Mudl. Fragm. viii. 23 (as a var. of F. ciliata). Loaves erect, rigid, mostly under 1 ft. long-, ilattened but under 1 line broad, striate, with long' hairs on the sides as well as on the margins. Stems short, the ptiuicle rather loose and hairy. Bracts linear-subulate. Flowers about 2 lines long-, the segments narrow but obtuse. Anther- connective produced beyond the cells but not so much so as in P._filifoUa. Uvary in the Howers examiued completely 8-celled, but the dissepimeuts very thiu and readily disappearing- as the ilower withers. yjV. Australia, Drummond. 3. P. filifolia, F. Mndl. Fragm. viii. 23 (as a var. of P. ciliata). Leaves tiliform, terete, not conspicuously striate, g-labrous except a few long- cilia near the base, the loug'est above 1 ft. long-. Panicle loose aud few-flowered, shorter thau the leaves. Bracts small, lanceohite. Perianth about the size of that of the two preceding' species, but the seg-ments niu-rowly acuminate. Anther-connective cons})icuously pro- duced into a rather long appendag-e beyond the cells. Ovary more or less completely 3-celled, with one ascending- acuminate ovule in each cell. W. Australia, Drummond, n. 207, and 368. Tkibe 2. CoNOSTYLE^. — Rliizome short with fibrous roots, the base of the stem short and sometimes covered with brown sheathing- bases of old leaves so as to resemble bulbs, or shortly branched and densely tufted, or rarely elong-ated and proliferous-branched. Leaves radical or at the base of the Howering- stems, with distichous sheathing' bases or densely tufted, the lamina long-, latertilly Hattened or terete. Scapes or llowering- stems usually bearing- 1 or 2 sheathing- bracts or short leaves. Flowers phimose-woolly or tomentose outside, iu heads, cymes racemes or dichotomous panicles, rarely solitary. Periauth- tube more or less continued above the ovary (except in C(»iosfi/lis hrcriscapa) the limb continuous with the tube, regular or oblirpu^ the lobes usually appearing- uniseriate and almost induplicate-valvate. Stamens 6. Stig-mas very small at the end of a filiform style. The Australian genera are all endemic in West Australia, but some South African and American genera are referrible to the same tribe. 426 cxxiii. AMARYLLiDE^, [Trihomnthcs. 3. TRIBONANTHES, Endl, Perianth persistent, more or less woolly, deeply divided into 6 se^- ments nearly equal and similar, erect at tbe base and connivent or cohering into a short tube, tben spreading-. Stamens 6 ; fibiments broad, lining- the perianth-tube and usually adnate to it, ])roduced beyond it into 2 short erect entire or toothed appendiig-es ; antbers sagittate, attacbed to the fibiments between the appendages, tbe con- nective often produced beyond tbe cells. Ovary superior, 3-celled, witb a conical sumrait produced into a sbort style. Ovules numerous in each cell, crowded into several rows on a pbicenta attacbed above tbe middle of tbe cell extending- more or less towards the base. Cap- sule opening- loculicidally at tbe conical apex in 3 coriaceous valves. — Rhizome producing- tubers enveloped in loose membranous scales, Leaves few, witb dilated sbeatbing- bases, produced into a terete or cliannelled lamina. Flowers solitary or few, in a terminal cyme or bead, Bracts binceolate or ovate, usually acuminate. The genus is limit' tl fo West Australia. The species aiipear to be very variaLle and difficult to distinguish bj positive characters. Filanient-appendages bearing on the back several longitndinal prominent laminae. Flowers 2 or more, sessile. 1'erianth- segments glabrous inside 1. T. hrachypetala. Filament-appendages flat on the back. Perianth-segments woolly on both sides. Filament-appendages as long as or longer than the anthers. Flowers solitary within a broadlj-ovate bract ; segments usiially glabrous along the centre outside 2. T. unifora. Flowers 2 or more, sessile or nearly so. Bracts ovate or lanceolate 3. T. avstraUs. Flowers 2 or more, distinctly pedicellate A. T. variabilis. Filament-appendages much shorter than the anthers. Flowers solitary or several, on pedicels longer than the ovary . , 5. T. longipetala. 1. T. brachypetala, Lindl. Swan Eiv. App. 44, Stems thickened into bulbs at tbe base, often above 1 ft. big-b, more orless woolly in the uppcr part. Leaves 2 to 4, with broad sbeatbing- bases, tapering- into a very narrcw almost terete but usually cbannelled lamina, tbe lowest sometimes 0 in. long, but usually very much sborter. Flowers 3 to 0 together, closely sessile in a dense terminal head. Bracts broadly ovate, glabrous or nearly so, 1 or 2 of the outer ones produced into a point longer tban tbe flowers. Perianth-segments woolly outside, gbibrous inside, shortly erect at the base, the spreading or retlexed laminte 2 to 2J lines long, always shorter than tbe ovary. Fibiments broad, adnate to the erect part of the segments, produced above it into 2 obovate appendages b)nger tban tbe antber, each with a dorsal appendag-e divided into 4 longitudinal biminte. Protruding apex of tbe capsule 3-valved. — T. odoi-a, Endb in PL Preiss. ii. 28. ^V. Australia. Swan rivcr, Drummond, Ist coll. ; Canning river, Preiss, n. 2394; betweon Swan river and King George's Sound, Harviy. Endlicher docs not explain iipon what grounds he proposed to suppress Lindley'8 names tbr ihis and the T. longijjctala. Triiofianthes.] cxxiii. AMAnvLLiDE^. 427 "3. T. unifiora, Lindl. Sman Riv. Aj)p. 44. A slender species, none of our s])eciniens above 8 in. liifili and many not above 4 in., and less woolh' tluin tho others. Tubers ot' the rhizonie with loose membranous coating-s. Loaves slender, noarly terete. Flowers solitary in all our s])eciinens. Bracts 1 or 2, broadly ovate, meinbranous almost scarious, the outer one with a short or long- green point. Perianth-segments 3 to 4 lines lonjpctala. Flowers 2 to 6 together abnost sessile in a terminal head or dense cyme. Cracts ovate or lanceolate, g-labrous, 1 or 2 often produced into a point as long- as or longer than the tiowers. Perianth-segments ovate or elliptical, 3 to o lines long*, woolly on both sides, the erect base connate with the filaments into a short tube. Filament-appendag-es erect, flat, as long- as or long-er than the anthers, sometimes almost petal-hke, without dorsal a])pendages but sometimes a double keel along- the centre of the fihiment before it dividcs produced into 1 or 2 small intermediate teetli or lobes. TV. Australia. King George's Sound and adjoining districts, Huegel, Oldfield, F. Mueller, Muir; eastward to Bremer and South-west bays, Maxwell. 4. T. variabilis, LinJl. Swan Biv. App. 44. Stems often 1 ft. hig-h, woolly as in the allied species. Leaves tapering into a rather thick ahno^t terete hmiina as in T. anstralis. Flowers 2 to 6 together or sometimes inore, in a terminal dense corymb, pedicellate, but the ])pdicels shorter than the ovary. Perianth-seg-ments oblong, as hing- as or long-er than the ovary, woolly on both sides. Filament-appendag-es h)nger than in T. cmstralis, 2- or 3-toothed or entire and then sometimes quite ]ietal-like. W. Australia. Swan river, Drummoiid, Ist coll. n. 764, Hdmich; Vasse river, Mrs. Mulloy; Greenough flats, C. Gray ; Busselton, Preias. — Perhaps a variety oniy ot' T. australis. 0. T, longipetala, Lindl. Swan Riv. App. 44. Rliizome producing- several obloni^- or globose tubers loosely enveloped in mombranous coatin^s, n. 1561 ; Upper Hay rivtr, F. Mueller, 3Iiss Warbnrton ; King George's Sound, Muir. 4. CONOSTYLIS, R. Br. Perianth persistent, shortly tubular or campanulate above the ovary (except in C. brcviscajm), the linib of 0 lobes either all nearly equal uud almnst induplicate-valvate, or 3 inner ones rather smaller. Stamens 6, inserted at the base of the perianth-lobes ; hlameuts short, erect, anthers oblong- or linear, the cells free at the base or to the middle. Ovary inferior or partially superior, 3-celled, the summit conical, taper- ing- into a filiform style, with 3 very small adnate terminal stigmas. Ovules several often numerous in each cell, crowded on a more or less stipitate placenta attached above the middle of the cell, and usually but not always in its inferior or aduate portion. Capsule opening- locu- licidally at the free conical apex in 3 coriaceous valves, the style itself often persistent and splitting- ahnost to the end. Leaves in distichous or crowded tufts on a short rhizome or tufted or proliferous-branched stem, Hnear, sheathing- at the base, the h^mina laterally flattened or terete. Scapes from the centre of the leaf-tufts more or less tomeutose or woolly, bearing- 1 or more short sheathing' bracts. Flowers usualh' of a dull yellow, more or less plumose-tomentose outside, in a terminal head rareiy lengthening- out into a shortl}^ dichotomous cyme. The genus is liniited to West Australia. Sect, 1. Brachycaulon. — Perianth divided to the ovary into 6 sjyreading seg- ments. Anther-celLs distiiut, pendulous from a short countctioe. Ptucentas sniall, withfew reflexed ovules. Densely tufted branching plant. Flowers in dense heads almost sessile or on very sbort scapes within tbe leaves 1. C hreviscapa, Sect. 2. Catospora. — Perianth more or less tuhular ahove the cvart/, the lohes all equal or 3 ihner ones smaller. Anther-cells adnute to the conuective ut least to the middle. Placentas recurved, dilated, vdth several ovules r.flexedfrom the under sur- face. (Perianth usually witli long hairs mi.xed with tlie plumose tomentum.) l'erianih glabrous or loosely bairy iuside, witb equal lobes and stamens. Leaves terete, not striate. Flowers 2 or 3 together within several scarious bracts ahnost sessile wilbin tbe leaves . . 2. C. vaginata. Leaves Hat. Flowers in globular heads. Leaves with thick margius, scarcely ciliate. Scapes sbort, with 2 large concave keeled bracts under the bead . . 3. C.jjctro^hiloides. Conostylis.'] CXXIII. AMARYLLIDEJE. 429 Leavcswitli tbincIliate-sctosemarRins. Scapeslong. Bracts small. 1'laccntas in tlie adnate part of tlie ovary . . . 4. C. setosa. Leaves with tiliate niargins. Scapes ratlier long. Bracts sniall. Placentas above tlie adnate [virt of tlie ovary . 5. C. aurea. Perianth toinentose or wooUy in>idc, 3 inner lobes smaller than the oiitcr, with shorter stamcns. Leavcs ilat. Lcavcs bordcrcd by few or short sctie. Periantb-segments scarcely loiiger than the free part of the tube .... 6. C. melanopogon. Leaves bordcred by long spifailing seta?. Perianth-segmcnts much longer than the free part of the tube. Leaves mostiy 6 in. long or more and 1 line broad, usually exceeding tlic scape 7. C. setigera. Leavcs undcr 2 in., vcry narrow or subulate-acuminate, shorter tlian th.' scape 8. C. psyllium. Leaves terete or slightly flattened. Leavos hirsute a!l ovcr with upwardly appressed hairs . . 9. C. villofta. Leaves white with a close tomentum 10. C. Drunimondu. Sect. .3. Euconostylis. — Perianth more or less tuhular above the ovary, the lobes all ('(jual. Anther-cella adnate to the connective at least to the middle. Flacentas more or less stijntate but scarcely recurved, covered all over in front with numerous ovules. Series 1. Involucratse. — Perianth with long scarcely denticulate hairs or setce witliout any toinentum. iScapes short. Leaves long. Flowers capitate with lanceolatd hracts. Leaves very narrow but flat, with prominent strise 11. C. involucrata. Leaves terete, smooth 12. C.juncea. Series 2. Proliferse. — Perianth shortly plumose-tomentose. Stems proliferous or stoloniferous. Leaves short [except in G. candicans), very demely tufted, usually white when young {except in C. gladiata), often becoming glahrous. Dwarf densely tufted plants, with rather large flowers, solitary or rarely 2 together, almost sessile within the leaves. Leaves rigid, glabrous, 2 to 3 lines broad 13. C. gladiata. Leaves flaccid, white when young, not above i line broad . 14. C. seorsijlora. Leaves nearlj- terete, short, and rigid. Flowers in pedunculate heads. Scapes not longer than the leaves 15. C. teretiu.icula, Scapes niany times as loiig as the small leaves 16. C. stylidioides. Leaves flaceid, very narrow but flat, green and grass-Iike or white only when very young, bordeied with a few distant setfe, rarely above 3 or 4 in. long. Scapes long. Flowers in a dense head. Perianth 4 to 5 lines long , . . 17. C. prolifera. Flowers in a loose raceme. Perianth 6 lines long . . . . 18. C. raceinosa. Leaves flat, narrow, and rather rigid, mostly above 6 in. long. Flowers capitate on long scapes. Leaves very white-tomentose when young, and scarcely losing the tomentum when old 19. C. candicam. Leaves tomentose-pubescent when young, soon becoming glabrous 20. C. dealbata. Leaves glabrous from tlie first. Ijcaves rarely above 1 line broad. Scapes under 1 ft. long 21. C. Preissii. Leaves 2 to 3 lines broad. Scapes 1 to 2 ft 22. C. hracteata. Series 3. Normales. — Perianth sliortly jilumose-tnmentose, rareJy vnth longer hairs mixed. >Stein short, rarely shortly proliferous. Leaves usually tong, glahrous e.vcept mnrginal s ta;. Sapes several- or many-Jlowered, much shorter tlian the leaves or very rarely nearly as long. 430 cxxiii. AMARYLLiDEJE. [Conostylis. Perianth-lobes scarcely lon.crer than the free part of the tube. Leaves siibterete, rush-like, not setose 23. C.filifolia. l.eaves tiat but very narrovv, with long rigid distant setae . . 24. C. sjjinuligera. Leaves ilat, rigid, with much thickened nerve-like margins and distant pungent setse _ . . ._ . _ . 25. C hromelioides. Leaves flat, railier rigid, the margins not promineut, with dis- tant ratlier rigid setaj 26. C. aculeuta. Perianth-lobes twice or three times as long as the free part of the tuhe. Leaves flat, rarely almost terete, with few or short setse. Scapes nearly as long as the leaves. Flowers in a globular head. Leaves rarely above 1 line broad. Stems usually proliferous 21. C. Preissii. Leavcs 2 to 3 lines broad. Stems very short. Scapes 1 to 2 f t 22. C. hractcata. Scapes not half so long as the leaves. Flowers few in a loose oblong panicle. Perianth with long hairs intermixed wiih the tdmentum 27. C. luxiflora. Flowers nunierous in a branching cyme 28. C ci/mosa. Flowers capitate. Perianth divided almost to the ovary. Leaves mostly 2 to 3 liiies broad 29. C serrulata. Leaves I to l^ lines broad, or almost terete .... 30. C. caricina. Sect. 3. Androstemma. — Perianth tuhiilar ahove the ovury, the lohes all eqval and narroir. Fdamerds erect, filiform, much longer than the anthers. Ovulcs rather numerous, bordcring a peltate placentj,. Dwarf densely tufted plant, with large solitary flowers almost sessile within the leaves, surrounded by short scarious bracts . 31. C. Androstemma. Sect. 1. Brachycaulon. — Periantli divided to the ovary into 0 spreading- seg-ments. Anther-cells distinct, pendulous from a short connective on short erect filanients. Placentas small, with few rellexed ovules. The peculiar anthers and perianth of this plant might have aflbrded grounds for establishing it as a distinct genus of a value at least equal to that of Androstemma. 1. C. breviscapa, i?. Brown, Prod. 301. Stems very short and branching-, densely covered with tufts of distichous leaves, with brown sheathing bases, the lamina llat, rigid, 6 to 8 in. long- and 1 to 2 lines broad, striate, glabrous, without marg-inal cdia. Scapes very short amongst the leaves, with a dense globose head of sessile llowers. Bracts lanceohite, the inner ones linear. Ovary narrow-turbinate, tomentose. Periantli divided to the ovury into hinceohite acute spread- ing- segments, nearly 3 lines long', all nearly equal, densely and shortly plumose-tomentose outside, loosely so inside. Anthers scarcely 1 line long, appearing- at first sig-ht sessile and erect at the mouth of the tube, but the cells are really distinct from their insertion and ]>en(hilous from a small connective at the apex of a slender fihiment which they con- ccal. Style shortly protruding- beyond the anther, tapering- and splitting- ahnost to the apex as in many other species. Placenta-beariiig- portion of the ovary inferior, with a free conical suramit. "W. Australia. Lucky bay, E. Broum, and probably the same locality, Baxier. It is also in Ciiiiniiighain's beibarium nuirked as from S. \V. Australia, Praser, bul not ia L'uunln-ham's hauJwriting, and the specimeu may in fact be of Baxter's collectiug. Cono$tl/lis.\ CXXIII. AMARYLLIDEiE. 431 I have secn it from no other locality, but Schiiltz;, Syst. vii. 294, evidently saw thc tiue piant in Sieber's herbarium, anJ has correctly described it. Sect. 2. Catospora. — Perianth more or less tubular above tlie ovary, the lobes all equal or the 3 inner ones smaller with the stamens shorter or inserted lower down ; the perianth usually with long' hairs iiitermixed with the ])himose tomentum outside, and often hairy or woolly inside. Anther-cells adnate to the connective at least to the mi(Une.* Phicentas recurved, dilated, with severa], ovules reilexed froni the under surface. 2. C. vaginata, E/idl. in Pl. Prciss. ii. 23. Stems densely branclwd, forming- tufts of "J to 4 in. covered with the sheaths of old leaves. Leaves linear-terete, rush-hke, channelled along- the inner or upper side but not otherwise striate, 3 to 5 in. long-. Flowers 2 to 4 tog-ether, sessile in little heads surroundod by imbricate scarious bracts and borne on very short hairy peduncles within the U})per leaves. Periauth al)()ut l in. long", softly hairy outside, g-labrous or slightly hairy within, the fobes narrow Hnear-hinceoUite, about as long" as the free part uf the tube. Anthers long-er than the iihiments. Phicentas in the adnate part of the ovary, projecting" and dihtted, with 3 or 4 ovules pendulous from the under side ; the free summit of the ovarv conical with a filiform s;tyle.— Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 853. W. Australia. Iipper Kalgan river, Oldfield, F. Mueller ; towards Cape Kit;he, PreinD, n. 1383, and pi-obably the same neigbbourhood, Baxter, Druinmond, n. 444; \\'est Mount Barren, Maxwell. 3. C. petrophiloides, F. 3IiieU. Hirh. Leaves flat, glabrous and bordered with small ap])ressed cilia as in some specimens of C. aiura, but much thicker, with few prominent veins, 2 to 6 in. long- in the only specimen seen. Sca])es shorter than the leaves, densely white-woollv. Flowers numerous in very dense g-lobular heads above 1 in. diameter, subtended by 2 broad concave carinate and shortly acuminate coloured bracts, about as long- as the flowers and glabrous. Perianth 7 to 8 lines long", densely wooUy-villous outside with long- hairs ])lumose at the base, s])rinkled witha few liairs inside ; the lobes linear, much longer than the iree part of the tube. Authers long- linear, on very short fila- ments. Placentiferous portion of the ovary inferior but shorter thau the free couical summit; placentas ]5romineut aud dilated, with several uvules reflexed from the under side. \ir. Australia. Flats on the Phillips river, a single specimen in Herb. F. Mueller. 4. C. setosa, Liudl. Sivan Piv. App. 44, t. G. Stem very short. lieaves Hat, rigid, lineh' veined, often nearly 1 ft. long-, 1 to 2 lines broad, glabruus but bordered towards the base with long- fine cilia. Scapes about as long* as the leaves, loosely woolly. Flowers in a dense terminal head often l^ to 2 in. diameter. Bracts narrow, acuminate, shorter than the tiowers. Periiinth 10 lines to 1 in. long-, very densely silkv-woolly outside with long hairs plumose at the base, more or less }'airy or wooUy iuside; lobes about as long- as the cyliudrical tube, all 432 CXXIII. AMARYLLIDE^. [ConOStl/Us. narrow-lanceolate ancl nearly equal or 3 inner ones rather smaller. Stamens all equal, tlie filaments slender, erect and at least as long* as tlie small narrow antbers. Placentas in the adnate part of the ovary dilated, with the ovules refiexed from the under surface. — Endl. in Pl. Preiss. ii. 17. TV. Australia. Swan river, Drummond, Ist coll., Preiss, n. 1408. 5. C. aurea, Lindl. Sn-an liiv. App. 44. Stem or rhizomg short. Leaves flat, rigid, jtrominently veined, often 1 ft. long-, 2 to 3 lines broad, g-labrous but bordered by short rig-id marg-inal cilia usually numerous. Scapes shorter than the leaves, densely covered with a loose plumose wool, with a linear-lanceolate silky-woolly bract usually about the middle. Flowers in a dense globular head of 1 to l^ in. diameter, the short bracts entirely concealed. Perianth 6 to ? lines long", of a thicker consistence tlian in most species, densely covered out- side with a plumose wool of a g-olden-yellow or rarely pale-coloured, quite glabrous inside, the adnate portion very short and turbinate ; the lobes narrow and thick, rather long-er tban the free portion of the tube. Anthers linear, rather long-, attached by the centre to very short fila- ments. Ovary more than half or almost entirely superior, the placentas attached in the free portion, stipitate and dilated, with many ovules reflexed from the under side. Styles slender. — Endl. in Pl. Preiss. ii. 17 ; C. sulpMirea, Endl. l.c. "W. Australia. Swan river, Drummond, \st coll. n. 750, 759, Preiss, n. 1381, 1382, and otbers ; Toodyay and Cape Naturaliste, Oldjield. 6. C. melanopogon, Endl. in Pl. Preiss. ii. 18. A low species, but the leafy stem sometimes branching- and elongated to 2 in. or rather more. Leaves rigid, flat, attaining- 6 in. to 1 ft. in leng-th and about 1 to 1| lines broad, striate, g-labrous except the margins ciliate when young'. Scape woolly, shorter than the leaves, bearing- 1 or 2 bracts, the upper one produced into a long- point. Flowers 0 to 10 in a termi- nal head, the su])tending* bracts narrow and short. Perianth plumose- woolly outside, with long-erhairs often turning- to a dark colour, more or less hair}' or woolly inside, about ^ in. long-; lobes about as long- as the free part of the tube, but irregularly sejiarating-, the three inner ones shorter and more petal-Iike than the outer. Anthers oblong-, on rather thick filaments, the 3 inner ones much shorter than the outer. Pla- centas in the adnate part of the ovary, projecting and dilated, the ovules not numerous, reflexed from the under surface ; conical apex of the ovary long and narrow. ^JV. Australia. Swan river, Drummond, \st coll. n. 754, Preiss, n. 1387 ; Kalyan in sand near tlie sea, Oldfield ; sonth of Stirling Eange, F. Mueller ; Perongerup, Mis. Kvif/ht.- — Verj near C. setigera, Lut without the loug setse to the leaves of that species, and the perianth less deeply divided. Var. major. Perianths 7 to 8 hnes long. Vasse rlver, Pries; Swan river, Helmich. 7. C. setigera, P. Br. Pmd. 300. vShort leafy stems much branched in dense tufts. Leaves rather flaccid, flat but very narrow and grass- Conosfylis.] cxxiii. amaryllide^. 433 likp, striate, mostly about 0 in. long-, fring-ed below the middle or nearly the whole lenjith with long- spreading- seta^. Scapes shorter than the leaves, white-woolly or tomentose, bearin*^- 1 or 2 bracts with broad sheathinsr bases below the inflorescence. Flowers 6 to 10 in a terminal head with very short subulate bracts, the outer ones very shortly dilated at the base. Perianth 5 to 0 Hnes h)ni;-, phunose-tomcntose and hirsute witli long-er hairs outside, shortly woolly insido ; the tube cani- panuhite, the free about equal to the adnate part ; lobes narrow, mucli long-er tlian tlie tube, the 3 inner ones rather smaller and more petal- like than the outer. Fihnnents shorter than the anthers, those opposite the inner periiintli-h)})es shorter and inserted lower down than the others ; anther-cells free from the middle. Phicentas in the adnate part of the ovary, dihited, with rather few ovules retiexed from the under side. — A. Rich. Sert. AstroL t. 2d (not g-ood) ; C. amula, LindL Swan Riv. App. 45 ; Endl in PL Preiss. ii. 20. TV. Australia. King George's Sound, B. Brown, Baxter, A. Cunningliam, F. Muellcr ; tlicnce to Swan river, Drummond, Ist coll. n. Ibl, OUlfield, P/-e/s.s', n. 1390 ; eastward to Cape AriJ, Maxwell. C dhrolor, Endl. in Pl. Preiss. ii. 20, from Swan river, Preiss, n. ]?)92, only differs from tlie common C. setigera in the purplish tiiige assumed by the external wool of the ptTianth. C. assimilis, Endi. l.c, which I have notseen, must also, from the character given, be but a slight variety of C. setigera. 8. C. psyllium, Endl. iri Pl. Prciss. ii. 21. Very near C. sctigcra and considered by F. Mueller as a dwarf variety of that species. Leaves tufted, about 2 in. long-, very narrow, often ahnost terete, usunlly falcate and tapering- to a point, fring-ed with spreading- seta? as in C. sctujera. Scapes as long* as the leaves or rather long-er. Flowers rathcr smaller than in C. setigera, but their structure as well as their number in a ter- minal head the same as in that species. — C. minivia, EndL Lc. VIT. Australia. York district, P/'e!i's, ?i. 1391 ; sand plains south of Stirlingrange, F. Mulltr; Box vale, 31iss Wdls. C. pttsilla, Endl. l.c.20, only diflfers from C. pstjllinm, as C. discolor from C. setigera, fn the purple tinge assumed by the exterual wool uf the perianth. 9. C. villosa, Bcnfh. Stems vevy short and tufted Hke tliose of C. sctificra. Leaves 6 to 8 in. long-, under 1 line broad, Hat aud thick or sometimes almost terete, striate, ciHate and hairy all over not on the marg^ins only. Scapes densely white-wooHy, shorter than tlie leaves. Flowers 10 to 20 in a terminal globular head. Bracts small and nar- row. Perianth 5 or at ]eng-th (5 Hnes long', plumose-woony outside, woollv hairy inside ; lobes narrow^ about as long- as the tube and ovary, the 3 inner ones rather smaller and the 3 inner stamens shorter than the others as in C. sctiriera; anther-cells adnate almost to the base. Placentas in tlie adnate part of the ovary, dilated, with several ovules retlexed from the under surface. \V. Australia, Drummond, n. 311. 10. C. Drummondii, Bcnffi. Stems sliort, denpely tufted. Loaves Hnear-terete or scarcely cuujpressed, rigid, scarcely striate, 0 to 9 in. VOL. VI. F F 434 CXXIII. AMAKYLLIDE^. [ConOSti/ltS. long, covered Avitli a close whitisli tomentum and a fev\- long-er appressed Lairs intermixed, especially on the young-er leaves. Scapes much shorter than the leaves, loosely woolly. Flowers sessile in a terminal head, with a membranous bract terminating- in a long- leafy point either immediately under the head or lower down on the scape. Perianth scarcely 5 hnes long, phmiose-tomentose outside, pubescent inside, the lobes narrow, rather longer than the free part of the tube, the 8 inner ones rather smaller, with their stamens rather shorter than the others. Anthers oblong-Hnear ; flhiments short. Phicentas prominent from the adnate part of the ovary, dilated, with reflexed ovules on the under side. "W. Australia. Probably to the eastward of King George's Sound, Drummond. Sect. 3. EucoNOSTYLis. — Perianth more or less tubular above the ovary, the lobes all equaL Anther-cells adnate to the connective at least to the middle. Placentas more or less stipitate but scarcely re- curved, covered all over iu front with numerous ovules, and always in the adnate part of the ovary. 11. C. involucrata, Endl. in Pl. Preiss. ii. 23. Stems very short. Leaves often above 1 ft. long-, flat, varying- from |- Hne to 2 lines in breadth, rigid, striate, glabrous, the margins sometimes shortly and loosely ciHate near the base. Scapes 2 to 3 in. long, loosely woolly- villous. Flowers iu heads or spikes not very compact and the rhachis sometimes forked, not very numerous, subtended by broadly lanceolate acuminate leafy bracts the outer ones often as long- as or rather longer than the flower. Perianth varying from \ to f in. long, sprinkled out- side with long rigid siraple or minutely denticulate hairs, without the densewool or tomentum of other species, glabrousinside; lobes narrow, at least twice as long as the free part of the tube. Placentas very densely covered with numerous ovules. "W. Australia. Swan rivcr, Drummovd, Ist coll. n. 756, Freiss, n. 1407, Oldfield; Cape Naturaliste, Oldfield, all witli narrow but not terete leaves ; Swan river, Drum- ijioiid, lnt coll. n. 756 ; Hampden, Clarke, botli witli ratber broader leaves. 12. C. juncea, Eiull. Nov. Stirp. Dec. 19. This species, whicb I have not seen, is said to have the habit, long leaves, short scapes, capi- tate tiowers with lanceolate bracts and perianths with simple rigid hairs of C. involucrata, and only to difler from that species in the leaves almost or quite terete, obscurely striate. W. Australia. Eaised in Huegers garden from Swan river seeds {Endlicher). 13. C. gladiata, Bcnth. Stems short, densely branched and tufted like those of C. Ijrcviscapa. Leaves densely distichous, 3 to 4 in. long and 2i to 3 lines broad in the middle, slig-htly falcate, tapering- at both ends, rigid and"striate, glabrous, the margins quite entire or with a few very small distant setue. Scape only a few lines long, covered with 2 or 3 acuminate brown braets, and bearing a single flower which although large is almost concealed amongst the foliage. Perianth S to U lines Conostylis.'] cxxiii. amaryllide^. 435 long-, ratlier narrow, shortly plumose-tomentose outside, more or less villous inside, tlie narrovv lobes at least 3 times as lony as the sliort free portion of the tube. Anthers long-, on short fihunents, all equal. Ovuh^s vorv nunierous, coverino- the stipitate phiceutas. TV. Australia, probably to Ihe castward of Kiiig George's Sound, Drummond. 1-i. C. seorsiflora, F. Mudl. Fmfjm. i. 158, viii. 19. A dwarf species, stoloniferous or proliferously branched, forming- dense tufts not exceeding- 4 or 5 in. Leaves very densely tufted, very narrow Hnear, often cottony-white and ciliate with long- soft hairs when young-, gla- brous or nearly so when full g-rown, rarely above 2 in. h)ng-, endin"- in line points and much dihited at the base. Scapes shorter tlian the leaves, sometimes very short, tomentose, with 1 or 2 broad membranous sheathmg- bracts usually produced into long- subulate points or lamin;e. Plowers 1, 2 or rarely 3 on the scape, the perianth about 8 lines lonn vigomus specimens of C. dealhata, with the foliage nearly ghibrous, some of thc leaves 8 to 10 in. long, anJ the outer bracts uiider the flower-heads rather more leafy. A very gradual passage may be traced from the preceding five or six specics, through the long-scaped less proliferous C. Preissii and C. bracteata, Endl., to the common C. acideatu, however remote may be the extreme species of the series. 21. C. Preissii, Endl. in Pl. Preiss. ii. 18. Stems usually shortly proliferous. Leaves from distichous sheathing' bases, Hat, h to 1 ft. long-, rarely above 1 line broad, rather thick, o-labrous, bordered in some specimens by a few ver}'- distant rig-id cilia, in others almost or quite without. Scapes nearly as long* as the leaves, bearing- usually 1 or 2 ovate brown bracts more or less acuminate. Flowers sessile in a rather loose terminal head, branching- out sometimes into a close cyme, the bracts short and narrow. Perianth about | in. long, phuuose- tomentose outside with a mixture of longer hairs, giabrous or very sUghtly hairy inside ; lobe narrow, nearly twice as long- as the free part of the tube. Ovules numerous, covering- the stipitate placentas. TV. Australia. Swan river, Drummond, \st coU. n. 753, Preiss, n. 1384 ; Southerii river, Preiss, n. 1386. C festucacea, Endl. in Pl. Preiss. ii. 18 (Preiss, n. 1386) has tbe leaves almost without cilia and the perianth more hairy, but the two forms are too closely connected by some of Drummond's specimens to justify their separation. 22. C. bracteata, Endl. in Pl. Preiss. ii. 16, not qf Lindl. Stems short, perhaps sometimes shg-htly proliferous. Leaves g-labrous, flat, rigid, 1 to \\ ft. long, 2 to 3 lines broad, striate, the margins prominent and nerve-like, naked or bordered by a few small distant sette. Scapes about as long- as the leaves, loosely tomentose, with 1, 1, or 3 broad h^nceohite bracts, and sometimes with a long- peduncle or branch in the axil of one of them. Flowers numerous, in a dense g-lobose terminal head, subtended usually by 1 or 2 hmceohite bracts, the other bracts small and Hnear, all shorter than the tlowers. Perianth nearly \ in. long, phimose-tomentose outside, ghibrous or slightly hairy inside, the lobes nearly twice as long- as the free part of the tube. Anthers Hnear, on short hhiments. Ovules very numerous, covering the placentas, which are scarcely stipitate. W. Australia. Swan river, Drummond, \st coll. n. 751, Preiss, n. 1405. — Tlie speciis seems to connect the preceding ones very closely wi*h C. aculeata, froin which it dilfers iii the leaves scarcely ciliate, the longer scapes, larger hcads of tiowers, and the periauth more deeply lobed. 438 cxxiii. AMARYLLiDEiE. [Conostylis. 23. C. filifolia, F. ^huU. Frcifjm. viii. 18. Stems sliort and tufted. Leaves above 1 ft. long-, terete, rig-id and rusli-like, slig-litly striate, quite glabrous, 1 or 2 outer ones reduced to brown sheathing- scales. Scapes very much shorter than the leaves, tomentose-woolly, bearing- usually 2 distant ovate brown bracts. Flowers in a loose head often branching- into a dense cyme, all nearly sessile within small bracts. Perianth about -j in. long-, plumose-tomentose outside, g'labroiis inside, the lobes narrow^ as long as or rather longer than the free part of the tube. Anthers linear, on short lilaments. Placentas covered all over with numerous ovules. ■W. Australia, Drummond. 24. C. spinuligera, F. Mnell. Herl. Stems densely tufted. Leaves very narrow Imt iiat, 6 in. to nearh' 1 ft. long-, bordered by long rather rigid spreading- distant cilia. Scapes nearly as long" as the leaves. P^lowers in a loose terminal head, g-rowing- out into a short raceme or once-forked cyme, the bracts short and narrow. Perianth about 4 lines h)ng-, broadly campanulate, phimose-tomentose outside, glabrous inside, the lobes rather broad, about as long- as the free part of the tube. Anthers oblong--linear, as long- as the filaments. Placentas covered with numerous ovules. ■W. Australia, Drummond. 25. C. bromelioides, Fndl. in Pl. Preiss. ii. 18. Stems short in our specimens, but perhaps stoloniferous or proliferous. Leaves g-labrous, under 6 in. long-, 1| to 2 lines broad, thick and rigid, with remarkably thick nerve-like margins, and bordered by distant rigid almost pungent setce. Scapes very short, loosely woolly, bearing* 1 or 2 broadly ovate ovate-lanceolate or acuminate bracts. Flowers few, very shortly pedi- cellate in a rather loose terminal head, with small linear bracts. Perianth about 6 lines long, plumose-tonientose outside, slightly hairy inside, the lobes narrow-lanceolate, rather longer than the free ])art of the tube. Anthers linear, ou short filaments. Placentas stipitate, covered with numerous ovules. W. Australia. Swan river, Drummond ; riear Avonrlale, York district, Prcias, n. 1601. — The specimens seen are very few, and they may piove to be a variety only of C. aculeata. 26. C. aculeata, 7?. Pr. Prod. 300. Stems very short. Leaves rigid, flat, erect or recurved, 6 in. to 1 ft. long, 1 to 2^ lines broad, finely striate, glabrous but bordered by distant rigid more or less pun- g'ent setae. Scapes usually much shorter than the leaves, rarely nearly as long-, tomentose, often slightly branched, with an ovate or ovate- lanceolate brown bract under each branch. Flowers on very short pedicels in a loose head or dense cyme at the end of the scape or branches, with linear-subulate short bracts. Perianth campanulate, about 5 lines long-, shortly plumose-tomentose outside, glabrous inside, the lobes lanceolate, obtuse, longer than the free part of the broad tube. Anthers linear, on very short tiat filaments. Placentas covered all Conostylis.] cxxiii. amaryllide^. 439 over with numorous ovulos. — Eiull. in Pl. Preiss. ii. 18; Bot. Mag-. t. -JDSO. _W'. Australia. King George's Sound aiul ailjoiniiit:,- distrit^ts, R. Brown, A. Cun- nitiffJiaiii, Dnniiinond, Preiss, n. 1395, aiul iiiaiiy others; (JiTcnon^h tiats, C. Orcif, aiul Murchisoii livcr, Ollfiflil, single speciniens, but appareiitly the same species, which however iu the Swaii river district seems to be rephiccd generally by the C. bracteata, with longer scapes, largor tlowers, the leaves with few or no niarginal setaj, &c. 27. C; laxiflora, Bcnth. Stems tufted, vcry sliort. Leaves mostly above 1 tt. luno-, tlat, striate, Ih to 2^ lines broad, bordered when youni;- by vory short cilia as in C. scrrulata. Scapes sliort, not above 6 in. hio-h inrluding' tho inHorescence, loosoly tomentose-viUous, branch- ing- from about the middle, each branch with a short loose raceme ot" 8 or 4 •duwers, the whole forming- a loose oblong' somowhat one-sidod panicle. Bracts subtending- the branches lanceolate, membranous, vil- lous, sometimes above h in. long', those under the pedicols small and narrow. Perianth broadly campanulate, about ^- in. louj^, tomentose outside and villous with long- ahnost silky hairs, shortly phnnose at the base, g-hibrous or sparing-ly hairy inside. Lobes lanceolate, very acute, twice as long- as the free part of the tube. Anthors hnoar, ou short fihimonts. Phicentas covered with numerous ovulos. W. Australia. Vasse river, OlJfield. — Although allied in some respects to C. semilata, this iliticrs from the rest of the section in the indumentum of the perianth, and from the whole genus in its inflorescence. 28. C. cymosa, F. Muell. Rcrh. Leafy stem short, tuftod or shortly branchod. Loavos often above 1 ft. long-, 1 to near 3 Hnes broad, finoly veined, bordorod by a few distant rigid cilia. Scapes much shorter than the leaves, woolly-tomentose, 4 to (3 in. hig-h inchiding' the intloroscence. Flowers numorous in a loosely branchod cyme, the pedicels 1 to 2 lines long- subtendod by small hnear bracts. Perianth about 5 hnes long-, phiraose-tomontose outside, glabrous inside, the lobes narrow, nearly twice as long- as the free part of the tube. Anthers hnear, long-or thau the filaments. Placentas stipitate, covered all over with numerous ovules. W. Australia. P.lackwood river and Champion bay, Oldfield; Greenough flats, C. Gruy ; Busselton, Pries. 29. C. serrulata, R. Br. Prod. 300. Rhizome ofton creeping;; stems short, sometimes shortly prohferous. Leavos usually abovo 1 ft. long- and 2 to 3 hues broad, more prominently striate than in C. acnkuta, aud bordered by very small scarcely spreading- cilia. Scapes only 2 to 3 in. or very raroly nearly 6 in. long-, tomentose-wooUy, bearing- several long- lanceolate bracts. Flowers few, in looser heads or cymes than in C. aculcata, the pedicels often 1 to 2 linos long-, subtendod by linoar bracts. Perianth 5 to G hnes long-, plumose-tomentose outside, g-Ia- brous inside, divided almost to the ovary into lanceolate acuminate seg-ments. Anthers oblong-, shorter than in C. aculcata, on very short filaments. Stvlo rathor short. Ovules numerous, covering- the pla- centas. Capsules 3 to 4 lines diameter. 440 cxxiii. AMARYLLiDE^. [Conostylis. ViT. Australia. King George's Sound, Menzies ; Kalgan river, Oldfidd, probably from the .same district, Druiiimond, n. 349; Swau river, Drummond, \st coll. n. Ib^. C. en-fifoUa, C. occulta, C. misera, and C. longifoUa, Endl. in Pl. Preit-s. ii. 21, 22, from the neighbourhond of Cape Riche, and C. spathacea, Endl. l.c. 22, from Darling ransre, do not appear to me to be distinguishable even as varieties from C. serrulata. C. misera is a starved specimen with short ieaves and oniy 1 or 2 flowers in the head, snch as we have also fiom Drummond. C. lovgifoUa is said to have tbe periantli lobes shorter than tlie tube. Preiss"s specimen in Herb. F. Mueller is in old friiit only with the iobes worn short. In C. occulta the lobes are said to be equal to the tube, but in Preiss's specimen they are certainly longer than the fruit, and in all the above supposed species the lobes are free almost to the ovary, not forming a campanulate free tube as long as the ovary as in C. aculeata. 30. C. caricina, Lindl. Swan liiv. App. 45. Stems very sliort and densely tufted, tlie tufts sometiines almost bulbous. Leaves glabrous, 6 in. to nearly 1 ft. long-, 1 to \h lines broad, rigid, bordered by pro- minent nerve-like marg-ins minutely serrulate-ciliate. Scapes short, tomentose-woolly, bearing* 1 or 2 broad lanceolate acuminate bracts. Flowers few in tbe head, sessile or nearly so, the bracts linear. Perianth about h in. long-, plumose-tomentose outside glabrous inside, lobes narrow, 3 times as long- as the very short free part of the tube. Anthers linear, on short thick iilaments. Placentas prominently stipi- tate, the ovules numerous, covering- the whole front as in other species of Ewonostylis but reflexed almost as in Catospora. — Endl. in Pl. Preiss. ii. 19 5 C. graminea, Endl. Lc. yjV. Australia. Swan river, Drummond, \st colL, Preiss, n. 1380, 1385. Sect. 4. Androstemma. — Perianth tubular above the ovary, the lobes all equal and narrow. Filaments erect, filiform, much long^er than the anthers. Ovules rather numerous, bordering- the peltate placenta. The long periantbs buried amongst the leaves and surrounded by scarious bracts give this plant a peculiar aspect, whicli seemed to justify Lindley in estabiishing it as a separate genus. But sub.sequent discoveries have shown a nearly similar habit, foliage, and bracts in C. vaginata, solitary loiig flowers buried amongst tbe leaves in C. gladiatu and C. seorsifiora. and neaily similar stamens iii C. setosa ; theie remains as a distiuct character only the placentation, whicb establishes it as a section of the same rank as the three preceding ones. 31. C. Androstemma, F. 3hidl. Frarpn. viii. 19. Leaf}^ stems short much branched, forming dense tufts of a few inches. Leaves with short sheathing- bases, Hnear-subulute, rigid and rush-hke, terete or sHghtly flattened, prominently striate, 4 to 8 in. long', g'hibrous in our specimens. Flowers solitary on hairy peduncles or sctipes of ^ to -l in. bearing' several scarious bracts of which 3 or 4 usually close under the fiower and rarely above 2 or 3 lines long-. Perianth-tube from a very short turbinate adnate base broadly cylindrical, | to 1 in. long-, shortly pluraose-tomentose outside, g-hibrous inside ; lobes narrow-hnear, about ^ in. long-, all equal and simihir, spreading- at the time of flowering-. Filaments fiUfoi'm and erect, nearly as long' as the perianth-lobesj anthers several times shorter. Style as long as the stamens. Capsule half-superior^ but little broader than the periauth at the time of flower- ConOStylis.] CXXIII. AMARYLLIDEiE. 441 ing". — Androstnnma junmtm, Lindl. Swan Riv. App. 4Gj Field. Sert. Pl. t. m ; Endl. in Pl. Preiss. ii. 24. W. Australia. Swan river, Drummond, \st coll. n. 762, Preiss, n. 1409; South Hiut river, (JUIjuld; Greeuough Fiats, C. Grai/. 5. BLANCOA, Lindl. Periantli persistent, tubnlur, the linib of G nearly equal almost con- duplicate valvate sliort lobes. Stamens G, with ovate-oblony unthers on very short fihiments or nearly sessile at the orifice of the tube. Ovary witli the angles wholly adnate to the perianth, the sides free ahnost from the base, 3-celled, the summit shortly conical. Style long', filiform, with 3 minute adnate terminal stig'mas. Ovules several in each cell, in 2 rows on an adnate linear phicenta. Capsule opening- at the free apex in 3 coriaceous valves. Seeds few, oblong, striate. — Herb with very short branching stems. Leaves in distichous tufts, with sheathing- bases and lony hiterally flattened linear hmiinie. Flowers few tog'ether in unihTteral racemes at the ends of the branches of the scape, the perianth densely plumose-wooll}-. Tlie genus is limited to the single species, endemic in West Australia. It has been united bj F. Mueller with Conontylis, but is, in fact, much more nearly connected with Anigozantlios, but separated from both by characters which appear to beof full generic vahie, unless all the Austrahan Conostijlece be treated as sectious of one comprehensive geuus. 1. B. canescens, Lindl. Swan Riv. App. ^^. Leafybranched stems or rhizomes ver}' short and shortly villous. Leaves rig-id, G in. to 1 ft. lung, abuut 2 hnes broad, finely striate. Scape shorter than the leaves, loosely tomentose, bearing- usually a narrow-linear leaf near the base and 2 or 3 short unihiteral racemes, on short branches or peduncles, each with 2 or 3 hirge pendulous fiowers subtended by small l)racts. Perianth densely covered with a loose reddish plumose wool, the tube broadly cyhndrical, about 1 in. long, the erect lobes 2 to 3 Hnes long-, g-hibrous inside. Anthers much shorter than the lobes. Style usually shortly protruding- from the perianth. — Endl. in Pl. Preiss. ii. 24; Conostijlis canescens, F. Muell. Fragm. viii. 19. W, Australia. Swan river, Drummond, Ist coll. n. 748, Preiss, n. 1410. G. ANIGOZANTHOS, Labill. (Schwjegrichenia, Spreng.) Perianth persistent, the tube much elongated above the ovary, often recurved at the end, the limb more or less oblique ; lobes G, lanceolate, almost induplicate valvate, equal or those on the lower side more deeply separated and the tube usually split open bctween tliem sometimes almust to the base. Anthers oblong or linear, on short filaments at the orifice uf tlie tube, the cells free at the base only. Ovary whully inferior, 3-celled, the summit fiat or conicalj style long, filiform, 442 cxxiii, AMARYLLIDE^. [Aniffozanthos. slifi-htly clavate and stig-matic at the end. Ovules several, usually numerous in each cell, irreg-ularly arranged or crowded on a projecting' placenta. Capsule opening* at the apex in 3 small valves. Seeds usually few, with a hard rugose or striate testa. — Herhs with a perennial usually horizontal thick rhizome. Leaves chiefly radical or nearly so, with a sheathing- base, and linear lamina, either laterally flattened or nearly terete. Stems erect, usually bearing- two or three smaller distant leaves. Flowers larg-e, in close unilateral spikes or racemes, at the end of the simple stem or of the branches of a dichotomous spreading" panicle. Perianth and inflorescence densely covered with a red g-reen or yellow plumose wool ; the stems sometimes, the leaves very rarely, bearing' a shorter or looser tomentum, the leaves more frecjuently g-labrous. The genus is limited to West Australia. The derivation of the name has been frequently discussed, supposing it to have been taken from dvia-x'^ or avoi-yu, with meaiiings very inapplicable ; it •wa.s, however, much more simple. LabillanJifere in- tending to express the imequal or oblique flower, dvtaos, dvdos, merely changed the first s into a g, and the second into a z, for euphony sake. Sect. 1. Dianthesis. — Eacemes or apihes several, in a divaricate dichotomous panicle. Anthers inappendiculate. Ovules 2 to 4 in each cell. /Stenis tomentose from the base. Leaves glabrous. Flowers red or of a pale or greenish yellow . 1. A. rtifa. Leaves mostly tomentose. Flowers of a rich yellow .... 2. A. pulcherrima. Sect. 2. Ceratandra.-— i?aceTOe.9 or spihes several, in a divaricate panicle or 2 on a once-forhed rhachis. Anthers tipped with a gland-lihe appendoge. Ovules rather numerous in each cell. Stems glabrous at the hase. Eacemes or spikes several, in a divaricate dichotomous panicle. Perianth moderately curved 3. A. jiavida. Kacemes 2 of 2 or 3 flowers each on a once-forked rhachis. Pe- rianth very much curved, with a very oblique limb . • . . 4. ^4. Preissii. Sect. 3. Haplanthesis. — Racemes or spihes single or rarely 2, on a simpile or rarely once-forhcd rluicld>>. Anthers inappendiculate. Ovules numerous and crowded in each cell. Perianth (under 2 in.) incurved, not contracted above the middle, redder upwards than at the base. Anthers shorter than the fihiments. Leaves rather broad 5. A. humilis. Perianth (nearly 3 in.) green, rarely yellowish throughout, not contracted above the middle. Anthers as long as the fihiuieuts. Leaves very narrow 6. A. viridis. Perianth (about 3 in.) green with a red rarely yellow base, not con- tracted above the middle. Antbers much louger than the filaments. Leaves rather broad 1. A. Manglesii. Perianth (2 to 3 in.) green with a red rarely yellow base, much contracted above the middle. Anthers as long as the filaments. Leaves very narrow 8. ^. hicolor. Sect. 1. DiANTHESis. — Racemes or spikes several, in a divaricate dichotomous panicle. Anthers not appendiculate. Ovules 2, rarely 3 or 4 in each cell. Stems tomentose from the base. 1. A. rufa, LaWl. Voy. i. 411, t. 22, Pl. Nov. HolL ii. 119. Rhizome Lorizontal, thick and woody. Hadical leaves above 1 ft, long-, tiat but Anigozanthos.] cxxiii. AMARYLi.iDEiE. 443 ratlier thick, about ? lines broad, fi;-labrous wlien full gTOwn, the margins usually scabrous. Stem or leafy scape 8 to 5 ft. hiiih, denscly covered froni the base with a short soft plumose tomentum, bearing- a few short leaves, branching* at the top into a broad dichotomous panicle, with a small huiceohite bract under each branch. Flowers on very short pedicels, in close unihitoral racemes on the ultimate branches of the panicle, covered as well as the wliole inHorescence with a phmiose wool assuming- a red or rich pur])h^ cohiur raroly varying- to a brown or pah' yellow. Perianth-tube inchuling- the aihiate base about 1 in. h)ng-, with retiexed hairs or linear-ciliate scales inside below the micUlle ; lobes hmceohite, 4 to 5 lines long-, oblique but not so much so as in A. Preissii. Anthers oblong", without any terminal appendag-e, mucli shorter than the Hliform filaments. Ovary short, with only L* reflcxed ovules to each placenta in all the llowers opened, the free summit very shortly couical. — R. Br. Prod. 301 ; Endl. in PI. Preiss. ii. 25 ; Schwcegriehcnia rtifa^ Spreng". Syst. ii. 20 ; A. tyi-ianthina, Hook. Bot. Mag-. t. 450?, copied into Lem. Jard. Fleur. t. 40 with an alteration of tint. W. Australia, Lucky bay, R. Brown ; King Geore;e's Sound from tlie Kalgan to Cape Kiche, .1. Cunnlnghain, Drmnmond, n. 327, Preiss, n. 1412, OlJfield. 2. A. pulcherrima, Hooh. Bot. Mafj. t. 4180 copied into Fl. des Serres, April, 184(5. Very closely allied to A. rnfa, the inHorescence and Howers the same in structure and indumentum, but the leaves are tomentose as well as the scape, and the wool of tlie ilowers is of a brig'ht yellow, sometimes slig-htly ting-ed with red. I tind usually 2 perfoct ovules to each placenta, but with the addition of 1 or 2 appa- rently abortive ones. W. Australia, Druinmond, n. 347. Sect. 2. Ceratandra. — Racemes or spikes several in a divaricate dichotomous panicle, or 2 on a forked rhachis. Anthers tippod with a g-land-Iike appendag*e. Ovules rather numerous in each cell. Stems g-labrous at the base. 3. A. flavida, Ped. Lil. t. 176. Rhizome thick, with long- radical leaves, and a stem of 3 or 4 ft., bearing- a divaricatoly-branched dichotomous panicle as in A. rvfa, but the leaves longer broader and thinner, attaining- 3 to 4 lines in breadth and the stem at the time of flowering- quite g-Iabrous almost up to the panicle as well as the leaves, the panicle plumose-woolly as in that species. Flowers in one-sided racemes on the branches of the panicle, on pedicels of 1 to 2 lines, sub- tended by small narrow bracts, the wool of a dull yellowish g-reen more or less red at the base of theporianth and sometimes a brown red nearly to the top. Perianth-tube about 1| in. long-, g-Iabrous and shining" inside or minutoly scabrous-dotted ; lobes 4 to 6 linos long-, pubescont inside, the lower ones more deeply divided than the upper. Anthor^ oblong'-linear, almost as long* as the fihunents, the connective tippod with a small gland-like appendag"e. Ovules rather numerous in each 444 CXXIII. AMARYLLIDE^. [A7iiffozant7u>s. cell, crowded on oblono- placentas. Capsule ovoid, 4 or 5 lines long-, the coniccil sunimit witliin the perianth opening- in 3 short valves. — Endl. in Pl. Pr. ii. 27; Bot. Mao-. t. 1151 ; Bot. Reg. 1838, t. 37, and (J4 ; Schwa^ffrichenia ,//avida, Spreng-. Sjst. ii. 20; A. ffrandiflom, Salisb. Parad. Lond. t. 97 ; A. coccinea, Paxt. Mag-. v. 271, with a plate ; A. Manfflesii, Maund, Botanist, t. Q7, not of Don. TV. Australia. King George's Sound and adjoining districts, B. Brown, Druni- monJ, n. 348, Preiss, n. 1411 and 1416, and manj others; BlackwooJ river. Oldjield; Geographe bay, Fraser ; Cape Naturaliste and Swan river, Drunimond, Ist coll. n. 746; Hampden, Clarke. The species varies in the size of the flower, and very much in the colour of the wool, sometimes almost entirely red, sometimes green witbout any admixture of red, rarely with much of yellow. 4. A. Preissii, Endl. in Pl. Preiss. ii. 26. Stems 1 to Ih ft. hig-h, more or less clothed with a loose plumose reddish wool, more dense and redder towards the inflorescence. Leaves from a long- sheathing base tapering into a narrow almost terete acuminate lamina, the lower ones 6 in. long or rather more, the upper ones smaller and distant, all g'labrous. Flowers few, usually 3 to 6 on the short branches of the once-forked terminal peduncle, sometimes the whole inilorescence reduced to 2 or 3 flowers, and always appearing capitate when in young- bud, although the pedicels ultimately attain 2 to 3 lines each subtended by a small bract. Perianth at least 2 in. long, very much curved in the bud, and the limb more oblique than in the other species, the adnate base very soon globuhir, the whole perianth densely plumose- woolly outside and usually more or less red, glabrous inside ; lobes narrow-lanceohite, nearly | in. long, the lower ones separated niuch lower down, and the tube often splitting between them. Anthers not very long, the connective tiiipcd with a small ghmd-like appendage as in A.Jlavida. Ovules rather numerous, reflexed and irreguhirly crowded on the face of the placenta. Capsule globular, 5 iines diameter in- chiding- the adnate perianth-base, opening- at the top within the perianth in 3 verv small rigid valves. — A. minima, Lehm. Pl. Preiss. ii. 274 ? W. Australia. King George's Sound and adjoining districts, Prelss, n. 1413i F. Mueller, Maxwell. F. Mueller, Fragm. viii. 23, places fhis species amongst those with simple inflo- reseence. I have, hovvever, always found it once forked, except when reduced to 2 or 3 flowers, and ihen one of the pedicels seems to Le rather a 1-flowered brauch than a simple pedicel. The inflorescence in mauy specimens not yet fuUy developed appears capitate. Sect. 3. Haplanthesis. — Racemes or spikes single at the end of the stems with a simple rhachis, or rarely 2 the rhachis being once- forked, always unilateral several-flowered and rather dense. Anthers not appendiculate. Ovules numerous in each cell crowded on the _^ placenta. 5. A. humilis, Lindl. Sn-an Piv. App. 40, t. 6 B. Rhizome thick, horizontaL Stenis usually under 1 ft.^ rarely l^ ft. high, loosely plu- Aniffozantkos.\ cxxiri. amahyllide^. 445 inoso-woolly. Leavos oliioHy radical, iisually ciliate only with plumose liairs, but soinotiines woolly-hairy all over or quite o^-hibrous, flat, usually undor 6 in. long- and 2 to .3 linos broad but variable. Flowers noarly sessik^ iu a siinj^le terminal unihiteral spike, or ver}^ rarelv the rhachis once-forked forniinji- a doubk^ spike, the pedicels rarely above 1 lino kmg-, the phimose wool rod varying- to a pak^ yeUow and mixod witli k)ng-er hairs. Poriantli Ih to 2 in. h)ng-, sliglitly curved, the liinb vory obHque, thc lobos falcato-hmceolate, 4 to i) lines long-, the h)wer onos shorter but more deoply separated than the uj)por, tho tube readily spHtting- on the lowor side ahnost to the base ; tihunents fila- form ; anthors short, without torminal appendag-es. Ovules numerous covorinii- the ])hicentas. — Endh in PL Preiss. ii. 20. _ W. Australia. King George's Sound aiiJ adjoining districts, F. Miieller, Old- Jitld, Maxwdl, and others; Swan river, Drummond, Ist coU. w. 747, Preiss n 1418 Oldjield. A. minima, Lehm. Pl. Preiss. ii. 274, which I have not seen, is referred hy F. jVIueller, Fragm. viii. 21, to A. htunllh, but apparently only from the character "-iven: the narrow leaves, almost capitute infloresceuce, and curved periauth would rather indicate the ^l. Preissii. 6. A. viridis, EmU. in Pl. Prm.^. ii. 25. Stems l^ to 2ft. hip-J, or more, giabrous or nearly so below the middle, loosely tomentose upwards. Leaves near the base of the stem from a broad shoathino* base hnear-subulate, 6 to 10 in. long-. Flowers in a compact simpk or. unihiteral terminal raceme, or rarely the rhachis once-forked formin^- a doubie raceme, the pedicels 1 to 3 lines long- subtended by short linoar- subuhite bracts, the wool green throughout or yellowish towards the base of the flower. Perianth 2| to near 3 in. long-, the tube of equal breadth or very slightly contracted above the middle, spHtting- open on the lower side to near the base, with retlexed liairs or scaks inside near the base, the Hmb not very obHque, the lobes 4 to 5 Hnes h^no- usually reHexed when open. Anthers Hnear, about as long- as the fiH- foriu fihimonts. Ovuks very numerous in each ceU coverin"- the phicentas. \^r, Australia. Swan river, Drummond, \st cnll. n. 745, Preiss, n. 1415 ; Vasse rivcr, OJdjidd ; Pinjarrah, J. S. Price; Busseltou, Pries. 7. A. Manglesii, D. Don in Snrrf, Brit. F(. Gnrd. ser. 2, t. 265. Stenis 2 to 3 ft. hig-h, sHghtl}' and loosely wooHy towards the base inore densely so under tlie infiorescence. Leaves at the base of the stom fiat, 6 in. to above 1 ft. long-, usually 2 to 3 Hnes but sometimes ^ in. broad, quite glabrous. Flowers, the larg-est in the g-enus, in a simple terminal unihiteral raceme, on pedicels usualh' of 2 to 3 lines, the piu- mose wool very dense, g-reen except on the adnate base where it is usually red or rarely pak yeUow. Perianth at kast 3 in. long- rather narrow and sHghtly incurved but not contractod above the middk, the kbes narrow, 4 to 5 Hnos long-, the tube usuaHy sjiHtting- opon on the undor side nearly to tlio baso, ghibrous inside excojit the h)ng- rocurved hairs or ciHate scaks neur the base. Authers Hneur luuch long-er than 446 cxxiii. AMARYLLiDE^. [Atiiffozanthos. tlie short flat filaments, the connective without an}^ appcndag^e. Oviiles numerous in each cell, coverinp- the placentas. — Bot. Reg-. t. 2102 (the hairs or scales inside the base of the tube represented as curved upwards instead of downwards) Bot. jNIag, t. 3875. ^V. Australia. Swan river, Drummond, Ist coll. n. 744, Oldfield (Preiss, n- 1420?); Blackwood river, Oldfidd; Busselton, Pries ; King George^s Souml, Baxfer, also Drummond: Lake Muir, 31idr (the lattt-r two with the base of the perianth of a duU yellowish white in the dried specimens) ; Gordon river, Hs, cndemic in West Australia. It is reunited ■uitli Anigozanthos by F. Mucllcr, notwitlistanding the reiuarlcablc diffcrenccs in tbe ovary and IVuit. 1. M. fumosa, Dnimm. iu Ilooh. Kcw Journ. vii. 57. Rhizonie very sbuit :intl tliick. Leaves radical or nearly so, not above 1 ft. long', laterally tiattened, often | in. broad, taperinj^- to a fine point, of a rather thin consistence with acute edges. Steni stout, 3 to 4 ft. hiyh, ^'labrous exce})t the intlorescence, which is dichotomous but with few rather long' branches, densely covered as well as the buds with a })hnnose wool very dark when fresh and bhick when dry ; on the expanded tiower the black wool is more scattered or entirely disapjiears leavin^i' a closer but den^e yellowish or whitish tomeutum. Flowers ahnost sessile in dense unihxteral spikes on the braiiches of the panicle. Perianth-tube about I in. long', niuch incurved ;ind expandod into the hmb ; h)bes ver}' ob- hque, nearly 1 in. lonfi". Fihiments ahnost aslong" as the lobes; anthers oblong'-hnear and tij)ped with a small g-hmd-like appendag"e as in Aniijozanthus fiavidus and A. Preissii. — Anigozauthos JulifjinosuSy Hook. Bot. Mag. t'4291. V^. Australia Moore river, Drummond ; Hill river, Oldfield; Greenough flats, C. Graij. Tribe 3. Hypoxide^. — Rhizome or base of the stem short and thick, emitting- thick fibrous roots and sometimes covered with the membranous or fibrous sheathing- bases of old leaves so as to resemble bulbs. Leaves radical, horizontally ilattened or rarely terete. Flowers sohtarj' or in simjile spikes or racemes. Perianth hairy or rarely g-labrous. Seeds with a bhick crustaceous tuberculate or striate testa, the hilum produced into a hooked beak at the end of which the funicle is attached. 8. CURCULIGO, Gtertn. Perianth persistent or at length withering aw-ay, the tube more or less elongated above the ovary (except in C. rccurvata), the Hmb of 6 sj:)reading nearly equal segments. Stamens 6, inserted at the mouth of the tube ; anther-cells more or less free at the base. Ovary 3-celled, with numerous ovules in two rows in each celL Style connate with the perianth-tube, shortly free above it with 3 erect or connate stig'matic lobes papillose outside. Fruit succulent, sessile within a sheathing bract. Seeds few, the testa striate, the funicle usually dilated. — Herbs with a thick rhizome and long- flat or })Hcate-nerved radical leaves. Scapes very short or rarely longer than the spike. Flowers in short spikes or heads, each one subtended by a broad sheathing- bract long-er than the ovary and fruit. The genus extends over tropical and Southern Africa and Asia, with one American species. Both the Australian specics havc a wide rangc over tropical Asia. Leaves broad. Flowcrs in a dense nodding head on a scape of several inches. Perianth tube scarcely any ....... \. C. recurvata. Leavcs narrow. Flowcrs in an almost sessile spike. Perianth-tube fihform 2. C. ensifolia. 448 CXXIII. AMARYLLIDE^. [Cu?'C1(liffO. 1. C. recurvata, Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2, ii. 253. Rhizome tliick, with densely clustered fibrous roots. Leaves radical, «•labrous or nearly so, the petioles 6 in. to near 1 ft. lono- with a broad sheathing- base, tlie lamina oblono'-hinceolate, 1 to 3 ft. long-, strongly ribbed and plicate. Scapes densely woolly, from scarcely above gTound to 6 to 8 in. hig-h, recurved under the intlorescence. Spike or head of flowers nodding-, very dense, ovoid or nearly g-lobular, 1 to 2 in. diameter, witli bi'oadly lanceolate imbricate striate more or less woolly-hairy bracts, the outer ones usually empty and sometimes above 1 in. long', the upper ones subtending- the llowers shorter. Perianth very wooll3'-villous on a short thick pedicel ; seg-ments of the limb ovate, spreading-, 3 to 4 lines long-, g-labrous inside, separated almost to the ovary or united at the base in an exceeding'ly short ring-. Filaments veiT short, the anthers oblong and erect, connivent into a cone round tlie style, which is slender slightly dilated and minutely 3-lobed at the stigmatic end. Capsule nearly globiilar, more or less succulent, softly hairy, about 3 lines diameter. Seeds g-lobular, with a black rugose crustaceous testa. — Bot. Reg-. t. 770. Queensland. Eockingliam bay, Dallacliy.- — The species extends over the eastern provinces of India and the Archipelago. Technically, tlie absence of any tube to the periaiith above the ovary might place tliis species rather in Hypoxis tiian in Curculigo ; but the inflorescence and other characters render it irapossible to separate it generically from the closely allied C. sumatrana, which is in every respect a true Curculigo. 2. C. ensifolia, 7?. Br. Prod. 290. Stem short, produced into a descending' rhizome with fibrous roots, and more or less covered with the scarious sheathing bases of old leaves. Leaves ustially 6 to 9 in. long and \ to | in. broad in the middle, but sometimes 1 to 1-^7 ft. long' and almost | in. broad, tapering at both ends, with prominent nerves and more or less hairy especially towards the base. Spikes short and erect at the base of the leaves, the scarious sheathing- bracts subu- late-acuminate, often 1 in. long-. Ovary almost sessile, elong-ated, enclosed in the bract. Perianth-tube liliform, hairy, h to | in. long- above tlie ovary ; segments of the limb usually 3 to 4 lines long-, with lanceolate-pointed seg-ments more or less hairy outside. Filaments short ; anthers linear, the parallel cells shortly free at the base. Style column very short below the stigmas, which are as long* as the anthers and connate or shortly free at the top. Capsule oblong-, enclosed in the sheathing- bract. Seeds several, the black testa elegantly striate but not tubercular. — C. statis, Labill. Sert. Austr. Caled. 18, t. 24; C. orcJtioidfs, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. iii. 585 and others, but not of Koxb. Queensland. Prince of Wales and other islands off Cape Vork, B. Brorvii ; Wide bay, Leichhardt; Eockingham bay, Dallachy ; Fitzroy island, C. Waltcr ; Broad ^o\mi\, Boinnan ; Keppel bay, Thozet ; Moretun bay, C. Stuart. N. S. 'Wrales. ]\lacleay river, Bcchler. Tho species has a wide range in eastern tropical Asia, for I can find no difference in the numerons specimens I have seen from Australia, New Caledonia, the Indian Archi- pelago, Bi-ngal, China, and Japan. The Asiatic ones have been generally referred to the C. orchioiden, Eoxb. Corom Fl. i. 14, t. 13, and I had n]\seif considered them as a small variety of that species in the Hongkong Flora, p. 366 (v.bere, however, I had by Curnilioo.] cxxiii. amaryllidr^. 449 mistake describod the perianth 8e,i,'ments as f) to 6 lines long instcad of 3 to 4) ; but upon a more careful coinparison witii Hoxhurj;h's plate and descriptinn, and with speci- meiis probably authuntic frora Kottler'» herbarium, it aj^pears tiiat tiie httter may be a (listinct hirirer-flowered species of limitcd ran.i;e in tho Imiiau IVninsula, aiid possibly the sanie as Wight's (1 maUiharlca. Tiie South American (Guiana and W. Indian) Hypoxis .'«•orzontrifoUa, Lani., is scarcely di-itini,nii>:liabio from tlie triie Chirculigo emifolia, althouich for reasons unexplainedit is stiii retaiued in Ilypoxis by Seubert iu the great Flora Braziiiensis. Var. longifolia. This may prove to be a distinct species if tlic cliaracters are found constant. It is more sieuiler and nearly glabrous. Leaves rigid, l.^, ft long aiid only 3 to 4 lines broad in the broadest part, "tapciing into a long poiiit antl into a stili longeV petiole. Spilce joose and elongated, each tiower witli its .spatha or slieathing bract on a pedicel of | in. or rather more. Perianth tube not so siender as in the typic;d form, but the segments of tlie limb tlie stamens style and fruit quite those of C. emifolia. N. Australia. Tort Darwin, Schultz, n. 781. 9. HYPOXIS, Linn. Periantli persistent, divided to the ovary into 6 rarely 4 nearly equal spreading- segments. Stamens 6, rarely 4, inserted at the base of the seg-ments; anthers oblong- or linear, more or less lobed at the base. Ovary 3-celled rarely ^-celled, with many ovules in 2 rows in each cell. Style short, with 3, rarely 2, oblong- or linear erect stig-mas connate or free, papillose outside. Capsule g-lobular oblong- or linear, crowned by the persistent perianth, which (usually but not always in the Austra- lian species) " at length falls off, carrying- with it the top of the capsule, this then bursts into 3 valves and scatters tlie seeds." Seeds globular, with a crustaceous tubercuuir testa, the hilum prominent and hooked. — Herbs with bulbous or tuberous rhizomes, covered with sheatliing- membranous or fibrous scales. Leaves radical, tiat or terete, usunllv hairy. Scape lealless or with a single sheathing- leaf. Flowers white or yellow, solitary or few in a short raceme. The genus is spread over tropical Asia and Africa, more abundant in South Africa, with two or tliree American species. Of the six Australian species, one is also in New Zealand, the others are all believed to be endemic. Capsule globular or oblong, not above twice as long as broad. Anthers deeply divided at the base l. H. hygrometrica. Anthers scarcely or very shortly lobed at the base. Perianth-segments 3 to j lines long. Stamens nearly equal. Capsule ovoid or oblong 2. H. glahella. Perianth-segments scarcely 2 lines long. Stamens alter- nately shorter. Capsule small, globular 3. H. pusHla. Capsule linear, 1 or 5 times as long as brnad. Leaves subulate. Stamens altemately longer. Stigmas long and narrow 4. i/. leptantha. Leaves linear-terete. Rtamens nearly equal. Stigmas short 5. H. occidentalis. Leaves narrow-Iinear but fiat with prominent nerve-like mar- gins 6. H. marginata. 1. H. hygrometrica, LaUIl. Pl. Nnv. IIoll. i. 82, t. 108. Rhizome thickened into a sniall tuber emitting- thick clustered roots and covered at the top by the memliranous h'!if-sheaths not sjditting- into fibres. Leaves narrow-linear or ahnost fiUform, from under 0 in. to nearly 1 ft. VOL. VI. O G 456 CXXIII. AMARYLLIDE^. [Hypoxis. long, Tisually sprinkled or ciliate witli long- slender hairs. Scape shorter than the leaves, ahnost filitbrm, from only 2 or 3 in. long- with a sing-le sniall Hower, to near 6 in. with 2, 3, or very rarely more flowers. Ovarj turbinate. Perianth yellow, the segments about 4 lines long- in the common form but sometimes smaller, usually g-hibrous, the outer ones often darker coloured outside. Anthers deeply divided at the base into linear auricles. Style columnar, the stigmas ovate, erect, and connate. Capsule obovoid-globular, under 2 lines diameter. Seeds g-lobular, eleg-antly tuberculate.— K. Br. Prod. 289 ; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 36. Queensland. Kockbampton, O^ Shanesy ; Arniidale, Perro^i. N. S. Wales. Port Jacksoii to tbe Blue Mouutains, iSieher, n. 153, A. Cunning- ham, and otliers ; Gwydir river, Leichhardt ; New England, C. /Stuart ; Clarence river, JJecHer. Victoria, Harvey ; between Ballarat and Ballan, Loddon, F. Mueller. Tasmania. Port Dalrymple, B. Brown ; abundant tbrougbout tbe island, ascend- ing to 4000 ft., J. D. Hooher. Var. pratensis. A small bairy slender variety, with 2 or 3 small flowers to tbe scape. — H. pratensis, R. Br. Prod. 289 — Hunter's river, B. Brown; New England, C. Stuart, Leichhardt ; Rockbampton, Thozet. Var. elongata. A Uirger hairy variety. Leaves fiatter, often above 1 Hne broad. Flnwers 2 to 5, eacb subtended by a subulate bract. Periantb-segments fully 5 lines long. — Rockbampion, Thozet, 0 Shanesy ; Nerkool Creek, i?oa-mo7i; Moreton bay and Coiidamine river, Lcichhurdt ; Dawson river, F. Mueller; New England, C. Siuart. 2. H. glabella, i?. Br. Prod. 289. The whole plant quite g-labrous. Rhizome globular, bulb-like, covered Avith the fibrous remains of old leaf-sheaths. Leaves linear-subulate, terete or channelled above, ex- panded at the base into a narrow scarious sheath, the lamina var^-ing from 2 to 3 in. long- in some specimens, above 6 in. in others. Scape shorter than the leaves, with a long- linear erect sheathing- bract at or below the middle. Ovary oblong-turbinate. Perianth very variable in size, the segments from 3 to o lines long-, but usually about 4 lines. Stamens nearly equal ; anthers entire at the base or with exceeding-ly short obtuse auricles. Style-column shorter than the erect free stig-- matic lobes. Capsule ovoid or oblong-, but not above twice as long' as broad when ripe. — Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 30, t. 130 A; H. vaginata, Schlecht. Linnyea, xx. 568. Queensland ? A specimen marked Warwick, Beclder, in Herb. F. Mueller apjiear.-^ to Le tbis species. Victoria. Port Pbillip, B. Broion; YaiTa-Yarra, Darebin Creek, F. Mueller ; Werribee, Fullagar. Tasmania. Abundant in pastures, &c., /. D. Hooker. S. Australia. Lofty and Bugle ranges, Guicben bay, &c., F. Mueller; Yorke Peninsula, Fuwler. %V. Australia? Specimens from Swan river, Preiss, n. 1601, referred bere by Endl. in Pl. Preiss. ii. 14, have the longer stigmas of tiiis species, but may yet perbaps belong to H. occidentalis . Specimens in flower only, witliout leaves or bulbs, frora Greenougb flats, C. Gray, have also tbe long stigmas of tbis species, but tbe antbers lobed at the base as in H. hygrometrica. Tbe variety will require furtber investiga- tion from cumplete specimens. 3. H. pusilla, Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 36, t. 130 B. A much smaller plant than H. fjlubella, with a similar g-lobular bulb-like rhizome covered Ill/pOXiS.] CXXIII. AMARYLLIDEiE. 451 witli flbrous scales, biit somewhat larg-er in proportion. Leaves filiforin, rarely above 3 in. long', with ohort scarioiis sheathing- bases. iScapes rarely 1 in. long', usually with 2 small setaceous bracts above the middle, and theretbre perhaps sometimes t2-llowered, but ouly 1-ilowered in all our specimens. Perianth-seg-meuts scarcely 2 lines k)ng-. Anthers shorter than in //. f/luMla, ahuost entire at the base, and 3 alternate stamens usually shorter than the others. Capsule g'lobuhir, nearly li lines diameter, constricted under the perianth. Victoria. Wondu Vale, Itobertson; the capsule rather more obovoid, but distiuctly contrutcd iuto a sliort ueck. Tasmania. Circnlar Head, Gunn. The species is also iu New Zealand. 4. H, leptantha, Bfnth. A small species, with the subulate leaves, short sleuder scaj)es witli setiform bracts of //. pusilla, and the stamens as in that species alternately smaller witli shortcr anthers, but the ovary and capside are long- and narrow, the periauth-sejiments nar- rower and more acute, the inner ones considerably smaller than the outer, and the stigmatic lobes long* and narrow. ^V. Australia, Drummond, Oldfield; Greenough fiats, C. Gray ; Upper Hay river, Miss Warburton. Should the characters derived frora the ineqnahty of the inner and outer perianth- segments and stamens, aud the length of the stigmatic lobes prove to be inconstant, this may have to be reduced to a variety of //. occideiitalis. 5. H. occidentalis, Benth. Nearly allied to H. (jlabella, equally g^la- brous, with a bulb-Hke rhizome and narrowieaves with scarious slieathing- bases, and the scape with a sheathing" ahnost leafy bract at or below the middle, but the ovary and capsule very differently shaped, the ripe capsule hnear, often J in. long- and very narrow. Perianth-seg-ments 3 to 4 Unes long', the inner ones rather smaller than the outer ; the parts of the flower frequently but not constantly reduced from 0 to 4. Anthers linear, very shortly lobed at the base. Styles very sliort, witli hiuceolate papillose ahuost phunose lobes, scarcely exceeding- the fihv ments. W. Australia, King George's Sound and adjoining districts, F. Mueller, Muir, Miss Warhurlon. 6. H. marginata, /?. Br. Prod. 289. Leaves slig-htly hair}-, flat though very narrow, the long-est l^ ft. long-, but some only 2 or 3 in., about 1 hne broad, all with prominent nerve-Hke margins. Scaj)es filiform, 1-llowered, 2 to 4 in. long", with very long- fine spreading- hairs under the flower and upou the ovary. Capsule linear, nearly -i in. long- and very narrow. N. Australia. Islauds of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown. Tlic specimcns are very few, but qLiite distinct froni any othcrs kuown to mc, whether from Iiidia or liie other parts of Australia. Au imin^rfect specimru, however, froiu Port Darwiii, tSc'ndtz, n. 641, appears veiy nearly allied to it ; it has only one imperfect small le.if, and 1 do not see tlie loiig hairs of //. marginata. The scape bears two fiowers, one, already in fruit, has the long uarrow capsule of II. occidentalis aud //. maryinata. G G 2 452 CXXIII. AMARYLLIDE^. [Hl/pOXiS. Tribe 4. AoAVE^. — Tall often woody plants. Radical leaves usuallv numerous, either iiat and tliick or channelled or terete ; stems also frequently leafy. Flowers usually larg-e in terminal com])ound heads or thyrsoid panicles, Perianth g-labrous, very petaloid, usually larg'e. 10. DORYANTHES, Corr. Perianth of 6 nearly equal deciduous seg'ments spreading- from near the base ; the 8 inner ones slig-htly dihited at the base. Stamens 6 ; fihTments linear-subulate or slig-htly dihited at the base ; anthers elon- gated, the basal lobes closing' over the filament. Style elong-ated, 3- furrovved, with an obtuse terminal 3-angled stig-ma. Capsule oblong-- clavate or turbinate, with a woody endocarp opening- loculicidally in 3 valves. Seeds fiat, reniform, in 2 rows in each cell. — Very tall herbs, with clustered roots and very long- and numerous radical leaves. Stems simple, with short leaves. Flowers larg-e, red, in short spikes collected iuto a larg-e terminal g-lobose head or oblong- thyrsus. TLe genus is limited to Australia. Its nearest connexions are South African and Anierican. Flowcr-liead nearly globular, 1 ft. diaraeter. Perianth-segments obking-linear, 4 in. long 1. D. excelsa. Flowcr-thyrsus oblong, 3 ft. long. Perianth-segments oblong-lanceo- late, 2 in. loiig 2. D. Palmeri. 1. D. excelsa, Correa in Trans. Linn. Soc. vi. 213, t. 23, 24. Radical leaves " above 100," about 4 ft. long-, " broadly sword-shaped." Stem attaining- 10 to 18 ft., with numerous short linear-lanceolate erect leaves sheathing- at the base. Flowers red, in a dense terminal globular head of 1 ft. diameter, surrounded by a few g-reen acuminate leafy bracts or fioral leaves, the spikes or clusters within the head of 3 or 4 flowers each, suijtended by coloured lanceolate bracts, the rhachis 1 to 2 in. lona", with an oblong" or lanceohite coloured bract under each ilower. Pedicels short and thick. Ovary or adnate perianth-tube about l^ in. long- ; seg"ments of the limb about 4 in. long-, broadly oblong-- linear, obtuse, thick, concave and undulate, nearly erect quite at the base, then spreading- or recurved. Filaments about 3 in. long-, adnate to the perianth at the base ; anthers above 1 in. long-. — R. Br. Prod. 298 ; Bauer Illustr. Ph N. HoU. t. 12 to 14 ; Bot. Mag-. t. 1685. N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, Bass; George's river, B. Brown; Newcastle, Leich- hardt.—W. Ilill nicntions a white-flowered variety which he found on Mount Lindsay. 2. D. Palmeri, W. Hiil. Radical leaves "above 100," 5 to 6 ft. long- and 2 to 2h in. broad in the broadest part. Stem (3 to 8 ft. hig-h, with linear-lanceolate acute leaves like those of D. excclsa. Flowers red, iu an oblon^ terminal thyrsus about 3 ft. long-, the rhachis and hracts of the same rich colour as the flowers, the spikes not close tog"e- Luer, each with a thick short rhachis bearing' 3 or 4 flowers. Bracts acuminute, the outer one of each spike as long' as the flower, those sub- tending- the flowers short. Perianth-segments oblong-lanceolate, pale Dori/ant7ics.] cxxiii. AMAUYLLiDEiE. 463 or wliite inside bolow tlie middle, about 2 in. long', spreading from near tlie base. Filamenrs thioker at the base than in U. exoclsn, and as well as the antliers much shorter than in that species. Queensland. Mount Spicer iiear Cunningliam Gap, W. ITUl ; Mackenzie river, Hartiiutnn. — Tlie aliove cliaracter is taken chiefly iVdni W. Hiir.s description, and the drawings made by Miss Scott, from tho speeimen exhibited at Brisbane in 1870, con- tirmed by Bpecimens of portious of the inflorescence. Tribe 5. EuAMARYLLiDEJE. — Bulbous plants with horizontally flat chaunelled or terete radical leaves. Scapes leatless. Fhnvers in umbols or rarely solitary, surrounded by 2 or more membranous or coloured bracts. Perianth giabrous, often larg-e. Stig-ma small. 11. CmNUM, Linn. Perianth deciduous, slig-htly oblique, with a slender tube and G nearly equal hmceoh^te or oblong- lobes. Stamens 0, inserted at the base of the lobes ; fihiments slig-htly dilated at thc base ; anthers linear or oblung-, 2-lobed at the base. Style filiform, obtuse, with a terminal shglitly 3-furrowed stig-ma. Ovary 3-celled, with several ovules(10 to 12 in tiie AustraUan species examined) in eacli cell, in 2 rows, bordering- a nar- row peltate phicenta. Capsule often obhque and opening- irregularly, with few rather larg-e seeds. — Bulbous herbs usually taU. Leaves all radical, long-, flat or channelled. Scape simple, leafless. Flowers larg-e, mostly white, iu a terminal umbel surrounded by a few membranous or slig-htly coloured bracts. The genus extends over tropical and southera Africa and Asia. Of the five Austra- lian species, one appears to be the same as a common Asiatic one, the four others are probably endemic, Flowers sessile in the umbel or on pedicels shorter than the ovary. Fihiments not \ as long as the perianth-lobes. Umbels few- riowered. Ovary usually beaked 1. C venosum. Filaments more than | as long as the lobes. Umbels many-flowered. Ovary usually beaked .... 2. C. asiaticum. Umbels 1- or 2-flowered. Ovary not beaked 3. C unijiorum. Flowers on pedicels usually longer than the ovary, which is not beaked. Perianth-lobes about 3 in. long and | to 1 in. broad ... 4. C. jlaccidnm. Perianth-lobes 2 to 2^ in. long and 3 to 5 hnes broad ... 5. C. pedunculatum. 1. C. venosum, li. Br. Prod. 297. Bulb and leaves not described, and none preserved to any of the specimens seen. Umbel of 0 to 8 flowers with 2 involucral bracts 2^ to 3i in. long\ Flowers sessile or here and there very shortly pedicellate, the ovary tapering- at the top into a neck or beak, sometimes very short, sometimes long-er than the ovary itself Perianth-tube 3 to 4 in. long-, the segments of the Hmb acuminate, 1| to 2 in. long-, 4 to 5 lines broad in the middle, not more conspicuously veined in the dried state than other species. Filaments 4 to 5 iines long-; anthers nearly or quite as long'. — Kunth, Enum. v. 667. 454 cxxiri, amaryllide^. [Crinum. N. Australia. Coen river, Gnlf of Carpentaiia, li. Brouni ; Swecrs island, Hcvve. Queensland. Cumberland island, B. Brown. 2. C. asiaticum, Linn. ; Ker in Bot. M(uj. t. 1073. " Bulb producpd into a column." Leaves lon,"-, attaining in tlie typical fonn a breadth of at least 2 in. Scape 1 to 2 ft. hig-h. Flowers 8 to 20 or even more in the umbel, sessile or on pedicels shorter than the ovaries, the iuvo- lucral bracts 2 to 4 in. long". Ovaries usually produced at the top into a beak varying- from 2 or 3 lines to nearly 1 in. Perianth white, the tube above 3 in. long ; . seg-ments of the limb 2 to near 3 in. long, acuminate, tapering- at the base, 3 to 4 or rarelj 6 lines broad in the middle. Filaments from f the length to nearly the leng-th of the seg-- ments, usually pur])le towards the base ; anthers 3 to 4 lines long-. — Kunth, Enum. v. 547 ; C. urcnarimn, Herb. in Bot. Mag-. t. 2355 ; C. avstralasicum, Herb. Amaryll. 259, partly. N. Australia, Victoria river, F. Mueller ; Port Darwin, Schultz, n. 600. Queensland. Rockiiigham bay, Dallachy (witli shortly pedicellate flowers). Var. angustifolium. Leaves under 1 in. broad. — C. angustifolium, R. Br. Prod. 297 partly ; C. confertum., Herb. in Bot. Mag. t. 2522.— King's Sound, N.W. coast, Clmp- man; Ad;ims" bay, 77mZ's ; Port Darwin, Schultz, n. %^& ; Port 'Dem^iow, Fitzalan ; Rockh.nmpton, 0 Shanesy, Bowman. The specimen in Brown's herbarium, to which he has attached the label of C. angus- tifolium, appeavs to me certainly to belong to the narrow-leaved form of C. asiaticum. The marginal asperities described by him are distant, and appear occasionally but rarely on olher specimens of C. asiaticum. In the same sheet are several speciniens of C. umflorum, to which the name of C. angustifolium would be more appropiiate, but the leaves have no marginal asperities. C. hracliyandrum, Hevb. in. Bnt. Mag. under n. 2121, and Amaryll. 249, described from a «'ngle plant raised from tropical Austnilinn seeds but since lost, shoald probably be reckoned aniongst the varieties of C. asiaticum. Tlie filaments, though said to be short, are described as very much longer than those of C. venosum. 3. C. uniflorum, F. Mucll. Frarjm. iii. 23. ^' Bulb ovate-g-lobular." Leaves linear, long' and ilaccid, scarcely above 2 to 3 Hnes broad. Scape 6 in. to 1 ft. high, bearing' only 1 or rarely 2 sessile or shortly pedicel- late tiowers enclosed in 2 bracts of about 2 in. Ovarj^ not at all or scarcely contracted at the top. Perianth 'Svhite or slightly tinged with pink," the tube 4 to 5 in. long-, recurved in the bud ; segments of the limb 2J to 3 in. long*, 4 to 0 Hnes broad in the middle. Filaments nearly as lon^ as the seg-ments ; anthers long- and narrow. W. Australia. Coeu river, Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown; Sweers island, Henve. Queensland. Albany island, Cape York, M'GHlivray ; sandy flats exposed to the sun, Somerset, Cape York, Veitch. 4. C. flaccidum, Ilerh. in Bot. Mag. undcr n. 212] and t. 2133. Bulb not seen. Leaves as far as known elong-ated, varying in breadth from I to 1 in. Scape \\ to 2 ft. high. Flowers white, usually 6 to 8 iu the umbel, on pedicels varying- frora \io\ in., the bracts of the in- voluore much dilated at the base, 3 to 4 in. long-, Ovary not beaked and scarcely contracted under the perianth. Perianth-tube 3 to 4 in. Crinum.] cxxiii. amahyllide-^e. 455 lonji-, tlie spp-monts of tlio liinl) about O^ to 3 in. lonp-, and mucli hroader tlian in any other Australian species, | in. in sonie specimens, nearly 1 in. in otliers, the whole size of the flower evidently variable. Fila- nients from | to | as long- as the se^ments ; antliers scarcely above 3 lines. — AmarijUis mistrulasica^ Ker in Bot. Reg^. t. 426 ; A. australis, Spreng-. Syst. ii. 54. Vt. S. TVales. Darling rivcr, Mrs. Foul, and thcnce to Coopcr's Creek, Victorian and otlier E.vpeditions ; Murray river, C. Stuart; " from the paddock of Mr. Bigge," Leichliardt. S. Australia. Fiiuder'8 range, F. Mueller; in the intcrior, lat. 32° to 22'', M'/)oH(dl .Stuait. There is in the Banksian hcrbarium a specimen iaid in as from New llolland, R. Brown, biit no corresponding onc iii Brown's own iierbariura. Tiiere nia}' be therelbre some mistake, for wc have no evidence of tiie plant growing iu those parts of Australia visited by R. Brown. C. arenarium p, Herb. in Bot. Mag. t. 25.S1, appears to me to rcprcscnt tlie hirger-flowcred form of tliis species, whicli is that gencrally sent from the interior of N. S. Wales. F. Mueller'8 South Australiau specimcus belong to the smaller form figured Bot. Mag. t. 2133. 5. C. pedunculatum, 7?. Br. Prod. 297. Very near C. asiaticmiv, with apparently the same variation in the breadth of the leaf, and the flowers equally numerous in the umbel, but they are all on pedicels long-er than the ovar}', and the ovary is either not contracted at the apex or produced only into a very short beak. Tlie perianth is also smaller, the tube rarely above 2 in. long-, the segments about as long' but usually very narrow. — C. australe, Herli. Amaryll. 246 (partly). Queensland. Moreton bay, Leichhardt ? in Herb. F. Mueller. N. S. TVales. Port Jackson, Bachliouse ; Hastings river, Beekler; Glendon, Letclihardt ; Springrove and Casilereagh river, Hcrb. F. Muellcr ; Lord Ho\ve's islaud, Fulliigar. S. Australia. Murray river, Behr ; Morunda to the eaStern bend of the rivcr, F. Murlhr. Tlie figure of C. peduncidatum, Bot. Eeg. t. 52, shows larger flowers and shorter pedicels than the dried spccimens, and seems i'ather to represcnt tlic sliort-pedicellate forra of C. asiatica; it was not drawn frora any authentically Australi.m specimcn. The C. taitense, Ked. Lil. t. 408, referrcd hore by Ker, appears also to represent the same variety of C. asiaticum. Some fragmentary specimens frnm Burnet, Halji, and Curri- willighie, Dalton, seem almost intermcdiate between C. pedunculatuin and C. asiaticum. Tlie wild specimens in herbaria are, however, so unsatisfactorj', and the cultivated ones in gardens so frequently uncertain as to their origin, that thc distinclion of species can only be established by studying them in their native couutry. 12. EURYCLES, Salisb. Perianth deciduous, funnel-sliaped, with a slender but usually short tube and 6 nearly equal broad lobes. Stamens 6, inserted at the mouth of the tube ; filaments united at the base or to above the middle in a corona, produced between the free parts of the filaments into 2 lobes and sometimes separating; between the filaments so as to leave them free but dihited into lateral appendages ; anthers 2-lobed at the base. Ovary 3-celled, with 2 ovules in each cell collaterally attached to an axile placenta. Style filiform, obtuse, with a terminal stig-ma. Fruit 456 cxxiii, AMARYLLJDE^. [Eurycles. more or less succulent, with 1 or fevv seeds. — Bulbous herl)s. Leaves all radical, petiolate, the lamina broad with longitudinal rather distant veins and transverse veinlets between them. Scape lealiess. Flowers usuall}' white, in a terminal umbel surrounded by 2 or 3 merabranous bracts. Tlie geiius extends over some islands of the Indian Archipelago. Of the two Aus- tralian species, one has the general range of the genus, the other is endemic. Leaves very broad and cordate. Corona not \ as long as the perianth-lobes \. E. amhoinenm. Leaves ovate, not cordate. Corona not | as long as the lobes 2. E. Cunninghamii. 1. E. amboinensis, Lo^/d. Encycl. Pl. 242. " Bulb tunicate, brown." Leaves usually several, on rather long' petioles, broadly ovate-cordate orbicular-cordate or alniost reniform, often 8 to 10 in. long and as broad or broader, with numerous arcuate rather distant veins and transverse veinlets between them. Scapes 1 to 2 ft. high, bearing- an umbel of numerous white flowers. Bracts of the involucre 2 or 3, shorter than the pedicels, which vary from | to near 2 in. long', articulate immediately under the ovary. Perianth above 2 in. long', the lobes eniptical-oblong, rather longer than the tube. Corona 4 to 5 hnes long-, divided to below the middle into 6 lobes, each one divided at the apex into 2 lanceolate acuminate diverging lobes with the filament between them ; stamens altogether shorter than the perianth. — Hook. Bot. Mag. under t. 3399 ; Pancratiim amboinense, Linn., Red. Lil. t. 384; Bot. Mag. t. 1419; Eurycles sylvestris, SaHsb. in Trans. Hort. Soc. i. 33? ; Kunth, Enum. v. 689, with several synonyms ; Pancratinm aust?-alasiciim,KeTm Bot. Reg". t. 715; Euryclcs australasica,Ijoud. Encycl. 242 ; E. uustralis, Schult. Syst. vii. 911 ; Kunth, Enum. v. 091. Queensland. Island of Cairncross, Veitch (with fiowers 2^ in. long) ; Eocking- hani bay, Dallachy ; Mount EUiot, Fitzalan. — The species is also in the Indian Archipelago, 2. E. Cunninghamii, Ait. MS. ; Lindl. Bot. Beg. t. 1506. Bulbs about 1 in. diameter. Leaves on long petioles, ovate, not cordate, but veined as in E. umhoinensis, varying from 4 to 10 in. long, Scapes about 1 ft. high, with an umbel of 6 to 10 flowers surrounded by 2 or 3 bracts. Perianth 1 to l^ in. long, the tube rather shorter than the obovate-oblong lobes. Corona about | the length of the perianth, with 2 lanceolate lobes to each fihiment, and sometimes splitting lower down between them. Fruit apparently succulent, nearly globuhir, about ^in. diameter, but not seen quite ripe. — Bot. Mag. t. 3399. Queensland, Brisbane river, Moreton bay, A. Cunningham, F. Mwller, Leich- hardi, C. iStuurt, and others ; Rockhaiupton, Bowman. 13. CALOSTEMMA, R. Br. Perianth at length deciduous, with a slender but usually short tube and a funnel-shaped or spreading nearly equally 6-parted limb. Stamens 6, inserted at the mouth of the tubej filaments united to Cdlostcmma.] cxxiii, amaryllideje. 457 iihout the middlo in a tubular corona, truncate or sliortly lobed between the free parts of the fihiments ; anthers 2-lobed at tlie base, Ovary l-ceUed, with 2 or 3 ovules coHaterally attached to one side of the cavity, Style filiform, obtuso, with a terminal stig-ma. Fruit g-h)buh\r, succulent, ripening- usually only one rather hirye tleshy seed. — Bulbous lierbs. Leaves all radical, narrow with close parallel veins or broad with raore distant veins and transverse veinlets. Scapes leafless, Flowers variously coloured, smalh^r than in Uuri/cles, in a terminal umbel surrounded by 2 or 3 membranous bracts, The genus is endeinic in Australia. Tlie remarkable rednction of tlie ovary to a single cell appears to be due to the early abortion of two of the carpels. Leaves linear. Perianth tube diUited under the limb. Flowers purple or pink (raiely white ?) 1. C. purpureum. Fliiwers yeliow (rarely wiiite) 2. C. luteum. Leaves ovate. Perianth-tube not dilated under the limb, Flowers white 3. C. album. 1, C. purpureum, B. Br. Prod. 298. Bulb truncate attaining-li to 2 in. diameter. Leaves linear, usually devehipod after the tlowering- has commenced, sometimes very lono-, 2 to 4 lines broad, with close parallel veins. Scape attaining- 1 to 2 ft., bearing- an umbel of many llowers purple in the typical form but varying* to pink or white. Bracts 2 or 3, acuminate, nearly equal or very unequal, the long-est rarely ex- ceeding- the tiowers and usually scarcely exceeding- the pedicels, Pedicels |- to near 1 in, long, the outer ones at leng-th often articulate above the middle, Perianth-limb usually about 5 lines long", the slender tube varying* from half as long' to neavly that length, and siig-htly dilated at the top gradually expanding- into the spreading- limb ; seg-ments obovate-spathulate, varying- in breadth. Corona reaching- to about half the length of the segniients, very variable in its orifice, some- times truncate between the filaments and entire 2-toothed or shortly divided, sometimes produced between the filaments into 1 or 2 obtuse lobes.— Bot. Mag-. t. 2100 ; Bot. Reg-. t. 422, S. Australia. Head of 8pencer's gulf, R. Brown ; Barossa, Behr ; Bugle range, J^. Jlucller ; Buira-Burra, Hinteracker. Var. carnea. Flowers rather larger with a longer tube, approaching those of C. luteum, but pink or white. — C. carneum, Lindl. in Mitch. Three E.\ped. ii. 39; Bot, Keg. 1840. t. 26. N. S. Wales. Lachlan river, 3Htchell; Murrumbidgee river, Herh. F. Mueller ; Charieville, GUrs ; Lower Edward river, Mein. 2. C. luteum, Sim^, Bot. Mufi. t. 2101. Habit leaves and inflo- rescence uf C. purpureum, of which it may be a variety. Flowers ratner larg-er, the perianth-limb often above i in. long-, and yellow or rarely white. Corona usually truncate between the filaments or minutely toothed, but I have sometimes found it produced into short broad entire or notched lobes as in C. purpureu?ti. Stamens often shortly exceeding the perianth.— Kunth, Enum. v. 088 ; Bot. Reg-. t. 421 and 1840, t. 19; C. cundidum, Lindl in Mitch. Three Exped. i. 54 ; Kunth, Lc. 458 cxxiii, AMARVLLiDEiE. [Calostmma. Queensland. Rockhampton, Thozet, 0'Shanesy; Barcoo, Schneider ; Darling Ddwris, Lair. KT. S. 'Wales. '^&mvaoj vw&r, Mitchcll ; Liverpool Plains, Leichhardt; Castle- reagh river, WooIIs ; Lower Darling river, 3Irs. Lord ; thence to Cooper'8 Creek, NciLson; Mount Murchison, Bonney ; Mount Margaret, M'Louall Stuart. The characters attempted to be ilrawn from the teeth of the corona and from the articulation or non-articulation of the pedicels varv in the same plant ; the articulation appears only when the flowering is advanced ; ia some specimens I see no trace of it, in others it is xery distinct upon some but uot all of tbe pedicels. » 3. C. album, R. Br. Prod. 298. Leaves resembling- those of Eiirycles Cunnim/humii, but smaller, ovate, acute, tapering- at the base, 3 to 5 in. lono', 2 to 3 in. broad, with distant converg-ing- primary veins and transverse veinlets. Scapes 1 to 1| ft. hig-h, bearing- an umbel of numerous white Howers on filiform pedicels of \ to | in. surrounded by 3 or 4 bracts. Perianth-tube narrow, 4 to 5 bnes long- ; segunents of the limb narrow, not quite so long- as the tube, spreading- from the base so as to g'ive the liower a more hypocrateriform shape instead of the more funnel-shape of C.purpvrenm and C. luteum. Corona produced be- tween the fihiments into lanceohite entire or bifid lobes as long' as the filaments. Fruit giobular, rather large. N. Australia. Turtle island, Gulf of Carpentaria, B. Brown. — A remarkable species with the flowers ot Calostemma and the leaves of Eurycles. Order CXXIV. TACCACE^. Flowers hermaphrodite, regular. Perianth superior, persistent, tu- bular or campanulate, 6-lobed. Stamens 0, inserted in the tube, opposite to the lobes ; fihiments broad, hood-shaped, shortly 2-lo])ed at the end; anther-cells 2, parallel, adnate to the inside of the hood and projecting between the lobes. Ovary inferior, l-celled, with 3 parietal phicentas and many anatropous or amphitropous ovules. Style short, with a broad umbrella-shaped stig-ma deeply divided into 3 bifid lobes. Fruit a berry, crowned by the withered perianth. Seeds ovoid, many-ribbed ; albumen copious, embryo minute, near the hihim when basal, at a distance from it if lateraL — Herbs with a perennial tuberous creeping- or fibrous rhizome. Leaves radical, on long- petioles, hirg-e and much divided, or in species not AustraHan undivided. Flowers on a radical scape in a dense terminal simple umbel, usually intermixed with long' filaments (barren pedicels), and surrounded by an involucre of a few larg-e thin bracts. The Order is limited to a single genus, represented in the tropical regions of the New as well as the Old World. Tbe only Austrahan species has a wide range over the Indian Archipelago and the Islands of the South Pacific. 1. TACCA, Forst. Characters and distribution those of the Order. 1, T. pinnatifida, Forst. ; Kunth, Emnn. v. 458. Rhizome tube- rous, giobuhir, attaining- under cultivatiou a larg-e size but not above 2acca.\ cxxrv. TACCXcv.m. 459 1 in. (liamotor in tlie fow driod spocimens wliore it has becn prosorvod. Petiolos erect, 1 to 8 tt. lonj^- below the ramification, divided ahvays into 3 branches wliich are ayain often bifid or trifid or dichotomous or irreg-ularly branched, each branch pinnate with remarkably variable distant or more or less conlluent segunents. In the hirg-or varieties the three branclies are often *2 to 3 ft. long-, once bifid or trifid, the hirger &eg'ments ovate-lanceohitc acuminate and 4 to (J in, long, but inter- mixed with smaller ones, some of which often very small, o])ovate or obh>ng' and very obtuse ; some, whether large or small, contracti^d into a short petiohile and distant, others decurrent along the petiole, or contluent with the next seg-ments. In another Austrahan form {T. Bronmii, Seom. Fl. Vit. 100) the leaf-branches are undor 1 ft. h^ng-, the seg-ments all more or less hmceolate and acuminate but very un- equal in size. In a third rather distinct Austrahan form (var. aconiti- folia, F. MuolL, T. maculata, Seem. FL Vit. 103) the leaves are more reg-ularly divided, the branches almost dichotomous with numerous linear-Umceohite seg'ments regularly diverg^ing- so as to form a circle ot about 6 to 8 in. diameter. Scapes the length of the petioles, arising^ from within its sheathing' base, with sometimes a scarious sheathing* scale outside the petiole. Involucres of few (about 4 to 6) oblong or lanceohate obtuse or acuminate bracts of a thin texture, 1 to 2 in. long", but those of the same involucre very unequal and often 2 or 3 addi- tional very small ones. Flowers numerous, on pedicels of i to 1 in. and usually mixed with numerous long- filaments or capilhiry barren pedicels 3 to 4 in. long. Perianth-seg-ments in some specimens ovate and 2 lines long-, in others lanceolate and 3 lines, but the dilference owing' sometimes to difierent stages of development, the inner lobes scarcely larg-er than the outer. Berry ovoid-globular, f to 1 in. diameter, con- tracted into a short neck crowned by the persistent withered perianth limb.— R. Br. Prod. 340. N. Australia. Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brovm, Sweers ; King's Sound, N.W. coast, ffughan; Sea raiige and Victoria rivcr, -F. JJneUcr; Melville island, Fra^er: Port Darwni, SchuHz, n. 1(39, 195, 810, 83i ; Escape Clitls, FIuUs. Queensland. Rockingham bay, Dallachy ; Pltzroy island, C. Walter. — Both the large form considered by Seemann as typical, and the one named by him C. Brownii occur both on the N. coast and in Queensland, with some intermediates as to foliage ; the var. aconilifolia was seiit by F. Mueiler with the C. Brownii. We have no meaus of matchiag any diflerences in the flower with these differences in foliage. Order CXXV. DIOSCORIDEiE. Flowers unisexual, usually dioecious, regular. Perianth superior, of 0 lobes or segments. Stamens 6 or 3, inserted on the perianth or in the centre of the flower round a rudimentary ovary, shorter than the perianth-Iobes ; anthers with 2 parallel cells opening- inwards. Uvary inferior, 3-ceIIed, with 2 pendulous ovules in each cell. Stigmas 3, entire or 2-cleft, on a single or distinct styles, or sessile on the ovar}^ Fruit a 3-ungied capsule, openinjj at the angies in 3 loculicidal vulves, 460 CXXV, DIOSCORIDEJE. or an indehiscent berry. Seeds albuminous, witb a minute embryo near the hihim. — Herbs often forming' hirg^e tuberous rhizomes or ■vvoody half undergTound trunks, the stems usually slender long and twining-. Leaves alternate or opposite, entire or divided, the nerves or primary veins parallel or dig-itate, the intervening' veinlets reticu- hite. Flovvers small, usually of a yellowish g-reen, in axillarj- simple or paniculate spikes or racemes, the male intlorescence usually more brauched than the female. The Order comprises but few genera, dispersed over the tropical and temperate regions of the globe. The only Austraiian genus certainly beionging to it has the wide range of the Order. The second, imperfectly known and therelbre doubtful genus subjoined, is endemic. 1. DIOSCOEEA, Linn. (Helmia, Kunth.) Flowers dioecious. Stamens in the AustraHan species 6. Capsule 3-angied or 3-lobed, opening' longitudinally at the angies, often leaving: their nervelike margins free. Seeds wing^ed. — UndergTOund rhizomes often tuberous and known by the name of Yains. Stems twining*. A jarge tropical and snbtropical genns, especially niitnerous in South America. Of tlie tliree Australian species, one is common in tropical Asia, the two others, as far as hitherto known, are endemic. The tubers of all three said to be eaten by the natives or colonists as native yams. Perianth-segments broad. Capsule broader than long. Seeds winged all round. Leaves frequentiy opposite, ovate-cordate or triangular-hastate with a broad open basal sinus 1. D. transversa. Leaves all alternate, linear or linear-lanceolate, or the lower smaller ones triangular-hastate 1. D. hastifolia. Perianth-segments narrow. Capsule longer than broad. Seeds winged at one end only. Leaves alternate, ovate-cordate . . 3. D. sativa. D. lucida, R. Br. Prod. 295, described from a specimen without flowers or fruit, gathered on the Endeavour river by Banks and Solander, is evidently a species of Uo.vhurghia, and probably R. javanica, Miq. 1. D. transversa, i?. Br. Prod.2d5. A slender glabrous twinerwith a tuberous rhizome. Leaves opposite or alternate, triang-ular-bastate or ovate-cordate, the basal hibes always very spreading- with a broad obtuse sinus, more or less acuminate, 5- or 7-nerved, usually 3 to 4 in. long- and scarcely half as broad, but on barren shoots sometimes broader than long-. Male flowers sessile and distant along- the rhachis of inter- rupted slender spikes of l^- to 2 in., the spikes clustered along- the branches of axillary panicles. Perianth-segments orbicuhxr, above 1 hne diameter in some specimens, not half so larg-e in others, but perhaps not fully developed, all mucli imbricate, the 3 inner ones rather smaller. Anthers on short fihiments inserted on a disk, with a small rudiment of an ovary in the centre. Female racemes simple, 2 to 4 in. long, the ilowers distant. Ovary oblong-linear. Perianth of the males but smaller. Styles short, distinct, the stig-mas shortly 2-cleft. Capsule Dinxcorea.] cxxv. dioscoride^. 461 shortly stipitate, the axis about f in. long-, the protruding- ano^les or lohes al)()ut .', in. lonir. N. Australia. Escape CHffs, HuJh. Queensland. Rcnt by nunicnnis coUcetors as very conininn froni Brisbane river, Jlontiiii l'av. A Cunnint/hdm, und othcrs, to Rockiiiirhani bay, Ihillarhi/. N. S. Wales. Huiitcr's aiul Paterson's rivers, R. Brown ; Hastings and Clarence rivers, Bickler, and others ; Kicluuond river, C. Moore, and others; New England, C. iStiuirt D.punctata, I». Br. Prod. 294, is referred by F. Muelier without hcsitation to />. transverxa. In I5rown's herbariuni tliere are tvvo specimens iii tlie same sheet, both in tiower only, without the precise station for either. In both the leaves are simihir to those of some speciuiens ol D. tramversa, and one has the sarne obtusc broad periantli- lobes, but in tlie othcr the periaiiths are rathcr those of D. sativa. The D. trnvsiwrsa itself is evidently ncarly allicd to D japonicu, Thunb., as described and figurcd by Dccaisne in the Eevuc Horticole, 185;"), p. 71, and coulirnicd by Jaiianese spccimens iu the Kew herbarium. The Australian plaiit has the leaves rather diflcrent, the basal siniis always very broad and open, aiid oftcn the base quite straight and truncate. Thefruitalso appcars to be rather larger, but that niay be variable. The D. hatatas Decsiie., is cer- tainly quite distinct from it, but probably the same as the comiuon Indian D. glahra, Koxb. 2. D. hastifolia, Endl. in Pl. Prei.f.i. ii. 33. A smaller species than D. transveisa, with slender almost Hliform twining- stems. Lower leaves triang-ular-hastate, 3- or 5-nerved, under 1 in. long- and sometimes as broad at the base as long-, the upper ones all linear-hinceolate or linear, entire, | to Ih in. long-. Male spikes ^ to IJ in. long-, solitary in the axils of lioral leaves, the upper ones appearing- paniculate owing- to the reduction of the subtending- leaves to small bracts. Perianth-seg-ments obtuse, nearly as larg-e as in D. transver.m but not so broad. Stamens simikirly inserted in the centre of the ilower round a minute rudimen- tary pistil. Female racemes very short, bearing- usually onl}- 2 or 3 llowers. Perianth small, with orbicular seg-ments. Fruit and seeds of D. transversa or rather smaller, on a shorter stipes. — Kunth, Enum. v. 370. "W. Australia. Swan river, Drummond, \st coll. n. 821, Preiss, n. 1954 ; Cham- pion bay and Murchison river, Oldfield; Pinjarrah, /. S. Pries. 3. D. sativa, Linn. Spec. Pl. 1463, Ilort. Cliff. t. 28, hut not of Knnth, Eninn. Stems from a tuberous rhizome elong-ated and twining-, often bearing' g-reen g-lobular bulbs in the axils of the leaves. Leaves alternate, i)roadly ovate, deeply cordate, usually 9-nerved, or when T-nerved the extreme lateral nerves forked, very varial)le in size, in the Australian specimens usually 3 to 0 in. long* and nearly as broad. Male spikes slender, 1 to 2 in. long- when fully out, usually numerous, clustered along- the branches of long- narrow axillary panicles. Flowers very small, the perianth-seg-ments very narrow, those of each series almost valvate in the bud, the inner ones linear. Stamens C, the anthers almost sessile in the centre of the flower round a rudimentary pistil. Female flowers in long-er slender sing-Ie spikes. Capsule ob- long-, the axis about | in. long-. Seeds liMttened, wing-ed at the lower endonly, assuminu' quite the form of a sanuu-a, the wing- at least twice as long- as the nucleus. — D. hulbifera, It. Br. Brod. 294; Wight, Ic. 462 cxxv. DioscoRiDE-s:. [pioscorea. t. 878 and of most modern authors but not of Linn. — Hcbnia hulhifera Kunth, Enum, v. 435. N. Australia. Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, E. Brown ; Goulburn island, A. Cunniiigluira ; Melville island, Fraser ; Port Darwiu, Scliultz, n. 173 ; Port Essing- ton, Armstrong. Queensland. Kockiugliam bay, Dallachy. Tho species is widely spread over East India and the ArchipelaEco. I have already (Fl. Hongk. 368) expressed my belief that niodern authors have transposed the Linnean names of the two species, D. sativa and D. bulhifera, both of which are apl to bear bulbs iu the axils of the leaves. 2. ? PETERMANNIA, F. Muell. Stamens 6 ; filaments capillary, with linear anthers. Ovary 3-celled with 4 or 5 ovules in each cell. Stjle filiform, undivided. Fruit a 1-celled berry, with several seeds. — Steins twining-. Flowers in leaf- opposed panicles. The genus is limited to the single imperfectly known species endemic in Australia. 1. P. cirrosa, F. Muell. Fragm. ii. 93. A g-labrous climber with the aspect rather of the Smilux tribe than of the DioscoridecE, the branches slightly anguhir and bearing- a few minute prickles. Leaves alternate, rigid, oblong- hnnceohite or ovate-hmceolate, acumiuate, 2 to 3 in. long-, f to 1 in. broad, tapering- into a short petiole sHghtly twisted at the base as in Smilax, the longitudinal veins numerous, but mostly starting- from the midrib below the middle and not reaching the base of the leaf, with reticulate veinlets between the veins. Panicles narrow and loose, leaf-opposed and rather longer than the leaves, the branchlets short and apparently few-fiowered, but the specimens only retain 2 or 3 fruits the flowers having fallen away, and in the upper part the inflorescences are replaced by simple tendrils. Berries about 2 hnes diameter, crowned by the scar of the fallen flower and con- taining- several unripe seeds. There are no loose flowers with the specimen, but accordin^ to F. Mueller " Perianth-segments about 2| hnes long-, only seen as well as the stamens in the female plant. Fihiments ghibrous, Ih lines long-, deciduous; anthers 1 hne long-. Styles 2 lines." N. S. Wales. Cloud's creek, Clarence river, BecTder. — Of this I have only seen two vf;ry imperlect specimens in Herb. F. Mueller, one of which retains 2 berries in their place, and a few loose fragmenls of fruits. The ''perfect stamens in female fldwers," i.e., hi-rmaplirodite flowers, and several ovules in each cell of the ovary de- Bcribed by F. Miieller, are at variance with the ordinal character, and the venation of the leaves is ditlerent from that of any of the dictyogenous Monocotyiedons known to me. 463 INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES. Thc Sytionyms and Species incidentally mentioned are printed in Italics. Acalypha .... capillipes, F. Muell. Cunni.igkamii, Mu. Arg eremorum, Mu.Arg. nemorum, F. MuelL Acianthus .... bifoliit^, Br. . . . Brtinonis, F. Muell. caudatus, Br. exsertus, Br. . . . fornicatus, Br. . viridis, Hook. f. . Actephila .... grandifolia, Baill. latifolia, Btnth. . Mooreana, Baill. . . petiolaris, Benth. sessilifolia, Benth. . Actinostrobus . acuminatus, Parlat. pyramidalis, Miq. . Adriana acerifolia, Hooh. . . acerifolia, var., Mu. Arg. . . . . Billardieri, Baill. . Dampieri, F. Muell. Gaudichaudi, Baill. glabrata, Gaudich. . licterophylla, Hook. Hooktri, Muell.Arg. Klotzschii, Mu. Arg. quadrlpartita, Gaud. tomentosa, Gaudich. Agathis, Salisb. Alchornea .... ilicifolia Muell.Arg. Thozetiana, Baill. . Aleurites moluccana, Willd. . triloba, Forst. Alpinia Page Page Page 131 arctiflora, F. Muell. 266 rufa, Labill. . . 442 133 ccerulea, Benih. . . 265 tyrianthina, Uook. . 443 racemigera, F. Muell. 265 viridis, £ndl. . . 445 132 Amanoa Anisonema 132 Cunninghamii, Baill 122 eglandulosum, Dcne. 102 132 Dallachyana, Bailh 123 Anisophyllum, Haw. . 44 369 faginea, Baill. . 121 Anthobolus , . . . 226 390 Leichhardtii, Baill. 121 filifolius, Br. . . 226 370 ovata, Baill. . . . 119 foveolatus, F. Muell 226 369 tomcntosa, Baill. 120 leptomerioides, F.M. 227 370 Amartllide.e . . . 415 triqueter, Br. . . 226 370 Amaryllis Antiaris 179 371 australasica, Ker. . 455 macrophylla, Br. 179 88 australis, Spr. . 455 Antidesma . . . . 84 89 Amoraum . . . . 263 Bunius, Spreng. . . 86 89 Dallachyi, F. Muell. 263 Dallachyanum, Baill. 85 89 Amperea 81 erostre, F. Muell. . 87 89 conferta, Benth. . . 83 Gh«sembiIIa, Gcertn. 85 90 cuneiformis, F. Mu. 84 panicula/um, Roxb. 85 239 ericoides, A. Juss. . 83 parvifolium, F. Mu. 86 240 micrantha, Benth. . 83 Schultzii, Benth. 86 239 protensa, A^ees . . 82 sinuatum, Benth. 87 133 rosmarinifolia, Kl. 83 Aphananthe . . . . 159 134 spartioides, Brongn. 84 philippinensis, Plan. 160 subnuda, Nees . 82 Apostasia . . . . 395 135 Tolubilis, F. Muell. 82 stylidioides, Reichh. 396 135 Andrachne . . . . 87 Araucaria . . . . 242 133 Decaisnei, Benth. 88 Bidwilli, Hook. . . 243 135 fruticosa, Dcne. . . 88 Cunninghamii, .iit. . 243 134 A ndrosfemma Arethusa 134 junceum, Lindl. . 441 catenata, Sm. 386 135 Anigozanthos . . . 441 Aristolochia .... 207 135 bicolor, Endl. . . 446 Baueri, Duch. . 209 135 coccinea, Paxt. . 444 deltantha, F. Muell. 207 134 flavida, Red. . . 443 indica, Linn. 209 244 fuliginosa, Hook. . 447 pnjevenosa, F. Muell. 208 136 grandijiora, Salisb. . 444 pubera, Br. , . , 208 136 humilis, Lindl. . . 444 strictijlora, Duch. . 208 137 Manglesii, Don . . 445 Thozetii, F. Muell. . 208 128 Manglesii, Maund. . 444 ARI.STOLOClIIACEJi . . 206 128 minima, Lehm. . 444 A rthrochilus 129 Preissii, £ndl. . 444 irritahiiis, F. Muell. 368 264 pulcherrima, Mook, . 443 Arthrotaxis . . . . 241 464 INDEX OF GENEUA AND SPECIES. Page 1 alpina, Yan Houtte . 242 cupressoides, Bon . 242 Boniana, Park. . 242 imbricata. Maule . 242 laxifolia, Hook. . . 242 selaginoides, Bon . 242 tetrayona, Hook. , 241 Australina . . . .188 Muelleri, Wedd. . 189 Novce-Zelandice, Hook f. . . .189 pusilla, Gaudich. . 189 tasmanica, Hook. f. 189 Balanopbora .... 232 fungosa, Forst. . . 232 Bai-anophore^ . . . 231 Baloshia 148 lucida, Endl.. . .148 Pancheri, Baill. . 149 Bertya 74 CunniDghamii, Plan. 75 gumniifera, Planch. 75 gumniifera, var., Muell. Arg. . . 71 Mitchelli, Mu. Arg. 76 ohlongifolia,}Avi.krg. 78 olesefolia, Piane^. . 76 pedicellata, F. Muell. 77 pinifolia, Planch. . 75 pomaderroides, i^ M. 77 psilocladns, Mu. Arg. 71 rosmariuifolia, Plan. 76 rotundifoUa, F. Mu. 77 tasmanica, Mu. Arg. 76 Beyeria 63 Backhousii, Hook. f. 65 brevifolia, Baill. . 67 cinerea, Balll. . . 66 cyanescens, Benth. . 66 cygnorum, Baill. . 66 Drummondii, Mu Ar. 68 lasiocarpa, F. Muell. 65 latifolia, Baill. . . 6fi ledifolia, Sond. . . 65 lepidopetala, F. Mu. 67 Leschenaultii, Baill. 65 oblongifolia,Hook.f. 64 opaca, F. Muell. . 65 sirailis, Baill. . . 67 tristi-ma, F. Muell. 68 uncinata, i^. Muell. . 65 viscosa, i//g. ... 64 Beyeriopsis brerijolia, Mu. Arg. 68 cinerea. Muell. Arg. 66 cyanescens, ^lu. Arg. 67 cygnoruiii,, Mu. Arg. 66 latifoUa, Muell. Arg. lef>idopetaln, Mu. Ar. similis, Muell. Arg. Blancoa canescens, Lindl. Bletia Paulinw, F. Muell. TankervillcB, Br. Blyxa octandra, Planch. Roxhurghii, Rich. . Boehmeria . . . . calophleba, F. Muell. Bolbophyllum . aurantiacum, F. Mu. Elisa;, F. Muell. . exiguum, F. Muell. . lichenastrum, F. Mu. nematopodium, F.M. Schillerianum, Reichb. f . . . . Shepherdi, F. Muell. Bowenia spectabilis, Hook. . Bradleia, Gsertu. . Breynia cernua, Muell. Arg. cinerascens, Baill. . Muelleriana, B dll. . oblongifolia, M . Arg. rhynchocarpa, Benth. stipitata, Mu. Arg. . Briedelia exaltata, F. Maell. . fagiuea, F. Muell. . Leichhardtii, Baill. ovata, Dcne. . ovata, var., Mu. Arg. tomento.sa, Blume. . Burmanuia . . . . cidcstis, Don . distarhya, Br. . disticha, Linn. . juncea, Soland. . . pusilla, Thw. . . BORMANNIAOE^ Burnettia . . . . cuneata, Lindl. . Page 66 67 67 441 441 304 305 258 258 258 184 184 286 289 2S8 287 287 288 288 254 254 96 113 113 114 114 114 114 114 119 119 120 121 120 119 120 397 398 397 397 397 398 396 375 375 Caladenia, . . . .376 alata, Br. . . . 386 alba, Br 387 angiistata, Hook. f. 386 angwstata, Lindl. . 387 apiiylla, Benth. . .387 Barbarossae, Reichb. 383 barbata, Lindl. . . 388 Bchrii, Schlecht. . 332 Page Brunonis, Reichb. . 393 cserulea, Br. . . . 388 Caimsiana, /".iJ/Mei;. 380 carnea, Br. . . . 386 clavigera, Cunn. . . 382 congesta, Br. . . .387 cuneata, Reichb. . 375 def -rmis, Br. . . 388 dentirulata, Lindl. . 381 dilatata, Br. . . . 382 diphylla, Reichb. . 390 discoidea, Lindl. . 380 Drummondii, Benth. 383 elliptica, Keichb. . 375 eloiigata, Lindl. . . 385 emarginata, Reichb. 393 filaiaentosa, Br. . . 381 filumentosa, LindL . 382 'filifera, LindL . . 381 fimbriata, Reichb. . 379 flava, Br 384 gemmata, Lindl. . 389 gracilis, Br. . . . 387 Giuinii, Reichb. . . 391 hirta, Lindl. . . . 383 ixioides, Lindl. . . 389 latifolia, Br. . . . 384 longicauda, Lindl. . 382 macrophylla, Br. . 379 major, Reichb. . . 392 viarginata. LindL . 385 Meuziesii, Br. . . 379 minor, Reichb. . . 392 iiiolUs, EndL . . . 383 mollis, LiudL . . 385 multiclavia, Reichb. 380 nana, EndL . . . 385 nigricans, Reichb. . 374 ochreata, LindL . . 385 pullida, LindL . . 382 Patersoni. Br. . . 381 pellita, Endl.. . . 389 Preissii, EndL . . 385 pulcherrima, F. Mu. 381 reniformis, Reichb. . 376 reptans, Lindl. . . 385 Roei, Benth. . . .383 saccharata, Reich. . 388 sericea, Lindl. . . 389 serrata, Reichb. . .386 suaveolens, Rcichb. . 385 sulphurea, Cunn. . 386 ?e«tec«/afa,Schlecht. 382 testacea, Br. . . .387 unguiculata, LindL 388 Calanthe 305 veratrifolia, Br. . . 305 Caleana 365 INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES. 465 Page najor, Br. . , . 365 iniiior, Br. . . . 360 nigrita, Lindl. . . 3(30 Caletia divaricatisima, Mu. Arg. 60 hexandra, Mu. Arg. 57 linearis, Muell. Arg. 60 micrantheoides, Bail. 57 orientalis, ijaill. . 60 oralifolia, Mu. Arg. 59 Caleya major, Endl. . . . 366 Callitris actino.-itrobus, F. M. 240 arenosa, Sweet. . . 238 calcarata, Br. . .238 colu/ineUaris, F. Mu. 2S7 cupressiformis. Vent, 238 fflaucci, Br. . . 237 Gunnii, Hook. f. . 239 obluvr/a, Rich. . . 239 Parlatorei, F. Muell. 235 Preissii, Miq. . . 237 jtroinnqua, Br. . . 237 rhomboidea, Br. . . 238 robusUi, Br. . . .237 tuberculata, Br. . .237 verrucosa, Br. . . 237 Calochilus .... 314 australianus, F. Mu. 315 campestris, Br. . .315 herbaceus, Lindl. . 315 paludosus, Br. . .316 Robertsoni, Benth. . 315 Calostemma .... 456 album, Br. . . . 458 camlidum, Lindl. . 457 rarueum, Lindl. . . 457 luteura, Sims. . . 457 purpureum, Br. . . 457 Calycupeplus ... 52 ephedroides, Planrh. 53 marginatus, Benth. . 53 paucifolius, BaiU. . 53 Cali/ptroste(/ia angustifolia, C. A. Mey 13 argcntea, C. A. Mey. 25 hrerifolia, G. A. Mey. 12 cernua, C. A. Mey. . 17 cluytioide.^ Walp. . 29 cornucopce, Endl. . 6 curvijlora, C. A. Mey. 31 Drummondii, Turcz. 15 flava, Endl. ... 29 r/laucn, C. A. Mey. . 16 gracilifiora, Eiidl. . 12 VOL. VI. Page r/racUis, Endl. . . 31 hypericina, C. A. Mey. 1 9 intermedia, C. A. Mey. 16 lanata, Eiidl. . . 10 Ze/tmaH/i /ana, Endl. 9 ligustrina, G. A. Mej. 18 linifolia, C. A. Mey. 18 linoides, Endl. . . 18 longijlora, Rndl. . . 34 niacrocrjihald, Walp. 15 3lcn/ce(tna, Endl. . 15 niicrocepluda, Endl. 27 nana, Endl. ... 21 nervosa, Walp. . . 13 phylicoidcs, Walp. . 33 Schlech tcndahliana, Walp 16 spathulata,C.A.Mej. 17 spicata, Endl. . . 23 suaveolens, Endl. . 15 si/lvestris, C. A. Mey. 12 tinctoria, Endl. . . 15 trichostachya, Walp. 24 villifera, Walp. . . 21 villosa, Turcz. . . 34 Calyptrostigma ledlfolium, K\. . . 68 oblongifolium, Kl. . 64 viscosum, KL . . 64 Cam))ylonema lineare, Schultz . .415 Campynema .... 414 lineare, Labill. . .415 Tpy gmxMm, F. Muell. 415 Carumbium . . . .149 j)aZ/iV/tt»i,MuelL Arg. 150 platyneuron, Muell. Arg 150 populifolium, Reinw. 150 2)opulneum,}AvL. Krg. 150 Sieberi, MuelL Arg. 150 stilliDgiasfolium,i?a/Z/. 150 Casuarina .... 194 acuaria, F. Muell. . 202 Baxteriana, Miq. . 199 liicuspidata, Benlh. . 202 cristafa, Miq. . .195 Cunniiighamiana, Miq. 198 Decaisneana, F. Mu. 201 decussata, Benth. . 200 distyla, Vent. . .198 Drummondiana,J/z5'. 201 dumosa, Cunn. . .199 echinata, Br. . . 202 equisetifolia, i^or«<. . 197 exceisa, Dehnh. . .197 Fraseriana, Miq. . 199 glauca, Sieb. . . ,196 Pafjo Gimnii', Hook. f. . 195 Hue^'eliaiia, Miq. . 196 huniilis, Olt. et JJietr. 200 incana, Cunn. . .197 Lehmanniana, Miq. 200 leptoclada, Miq. . .197 7Hacroca/7)a, Cuiin. . 195 inicrostachya, Miq. . 201 nicEsta, F. Muell. . 198 Muelhriana, Miq. . 198 nana, Sieb. . . . l-'9 nana, Cunn. . . . 200 obesa, Miq. . . . 197 oxyclada, Mii^. . . 202 jtaludosa, Siob . .199 pauper, F. Muell. . 196 Preissiana, Miq. . 200 pit»ii7a, Ott.etDietr. 199 quadriralvis, Labill. 195 ramulijlora, Ott. et Dietr 200 rigida, Miq. . . .198 selaginoideSjWiC^. . 200 sparsa, Tausch. . .197 Etricta, Ait. . . .195 stricta, Miq. . . . ]9Tng. 147 lucidum, Muell. Arg. 148 motuccanum, Dcne. 147 obovatum, ZoU. . .147 Pa»ic/ieW, Muell.Arg. 149 pictum, Hook. . . 147 variegatum, Blume . 147 Cadebogync ilicifolia, J. Sm. . 136 CoNIFERiE .... 232 Conostylis .... 428 aculeata, Br. . . . 438 ceraula, Lindl. . . 433 albicans, Cunn. . . 436 androstemma, F.Mu. 440 assimilis, Endl. . .433 aurea, Lindl. . . 432 Lracteata, Endl. . . 437 bracteata, LiudL . 437 hreviscapa, Br. . . 430 bromelioides, Endl. . 438 candicans, Endl. . .436 canescens, F. MuelL 441 caricina, Lindl. . . 440 Page cymosa,, F. Muell. . 439 dealbata, Lindl. . 436 discolor, Endl. . .433 Drummoudii, Benth. 433 ensifolia, EndL . .440 festucana, EndL . . 437 filifolia, F. Muell. . 438 gladiata, Btnth. . . 434 graininea, Endi. . . 440 involucrata, Endl. . 434 juncea, Endl. . . 434 laxiiJora, Bcnth. . . 439 longifolia, Endi. . 440 melanopogon, Endl. 432 minima, Endl. . . 433 miscra, EndL . . 440 occulta, Endl. . . 440 petrophiloides^i^^.MM. 431 Preissii, Endl. . .437 prolifera, Benth. . .436 propinqua, Endl. . 436 ps\llium, Endl. . . 433 'pusilla, EndL . . 433 racemosa, Benth. . 436 seorsiiiora, F. Muell. 435 serrulata, Br. . . 439 setigera, Br. . . . 432 setosa, Lindl . . . 431 spathacca, Endl. . . 440 spinuligera, F. Mu. 438 styIidioides,i^.3/weZZ. 435 sulphurea, Endl. . 432 teretiuscula, F. Mu. 435 vaginata, Endl. , .431 villosa, Benth, . . 433 Corybas aconiiiflorus, Salisb. 352 flmbriatus, Reichb. . 351 pruinosus, Reichb. . 351 unguiculatus, Reichb. 350 Corymbis .... 311 veratrifolia, Reichb. 311 Corymborchis vcratrifolia,B\. . .311 Corysanthes .... 350 bialcarata, Br. . . 351 diemenica, Lindl. . 351 fimbriata, Br. . .351 pruinosa, Cunn. . .351 UDguiculata, Br. . 350 Costus 266 Potieras, F. Muell. . 266 pungens, Teysm. et Binnend. . . .267 Covellia glomcrata, Miq. . . 178 oppositifolia, Gasp. 177 Crinum 453 Page angustifolium, Br. . 454 arenurium, Herb. . 454 asiaticum, Linn. . 454 australasicum, Herb. 454 australe, Herb. . . 455 brachyandru7a,lieTh. 454 confertum, Herb. . 454 flaccidum, Herb. . 454 pedunculatum, Br. . 455 taitensc, Red. . .455 uniflorum, F. Muell. 454 venosum, Br. . . . 453 Croton 123 acronychioides,i^.jV/M. 127 &Tn\\cxu\c\xs,Mu.Arg. 127 insularis, Baill. . .124 marginalus, Cunn. . 73 moUissimus, Geisel. 140 opponens, F. Muell. 125 paniculafus, Lam. . 140 phebaliuides, F. Mu. 125 phtbalioides, Cunu. 125 philippinensis, Lam. 141 guadripartituSjhahW. 135 ricinoides, Pers. . 140 rosmarinifolius, Cunn. . . .73, 76 Schultzii, Benth. . 124 s<7j^j»((tosMS, F.Muell. 125 tomentellus, F. Mu. 126 triacros, F. Muell. . 127 Verreauxii, Baill. . 126 viscosus, Labill. . . 64 Cryptostylis .... 332 erecta, Br. . . . 334 leptochila, F. Muell. 334 longifolia, Br. ovata, Br. subultita, Keichb. Cudrania .... javanensis, I^rec. . Cunninghamia cupressoides, Zucc. sclaginoides, Zucc. Cuprcssus australis, Desf. CUPULIFER^ Curculigo ensifolia, Br. orchioides, Miq recurvata, Ait. stans, LabUl . Curcuma . . austraIasica,.ffboi./. 263 CTCAI>E.ai .... 248 Cycas 249 angulata, Br. . . 249 gracilis, Miq. . .249 333 334 333 178 179 242 242 238 209 447 448 448 448 448 262 INDEX OF OENERA AND SPECIES. 467 Pa?e media, Br. . . .249 Riedicjii, Gaudich. . 252 Cyinbidiura .... 302 albucidiirum, F. Mu. 303 caiialiculatum, Br. . 302 pirtiim, Br. . . . 299 rejlexiini, Br. . . 273 suave, Br. . . .303 Cynoiaoriiim balanopkora,^\\U. . 232 CyrtDStylis . . . .37(5 lla-iidii, Endl. . . 37(3 reuitormis, Br. . .376 Dacrydium .... 244 Franklinii, Hook.f. . 245 Jltiotiense, Cuuu. . 245 tctrafionum, Parlat . 241 Dauiasonium ciiynorum, Planch. . 2.^7 indicum, Willd. . . 257 ovulifolium, Br. . 257 Damuiara 244 i-obusUi, Moore . .244 Daphne iudica, Liun. . . 37 Daphiwbryon. tasmanicum, Meissn. 36 Dendrobium . . . 275 semulum Br. . . . 280 agrostophyllum, F. Muell 281 aio-rantiacum, F. Mu. 288 Bcckleri, F. Muell . 286 bigibbum, Liudl. . 277 Bowmanii, Benth. . 286 brisbanense,', Reicbb. 281 calamiforme, Lodd. . 285 canaliculatum, Br. . 282 cassythoide^, Cunn. . 307 complanatum, Cunn. 277 cucuiueriiium, Lindl. 283 dicuphum, /'. Muell. 277 discolor, Liudl. . . 279 elonijatum, Cunn. . 281 e.ci;iuum, F. Muell. . 289 Fairfaxii, F. Muell. 235 Fellncsii, F. Muell. . 277 gracilicaule, F. Mu. 281 'HiHii, Hook ... 279 Hdlii, F. Muell. . 295 hispidum, A. Rich. . 283 Jobaiinis, lieichb. . 279 Kingianum, Bidw. . 280 linguiforme, Sw . .284 MiUitjani, F. Muell. 286 minut iss fmum,F. M . 277 monophyllum, F. M. 282 Pajj;o Moorei, F. Muell. . 28 1 Mortii, F. MucU. . 280 puigoniforme, Cunn. 284 punctaluiu. Sm. . 301 punijcntifolium, F.M. 284 rigidum, Br. . . 284 schceninum, Lindl. . 2S6 Shcpherdi, F .Muell. 288 Smilliaj, F. MucU. . 282 speciosuTii, Sm. . . 279 striolatum, Rcichb. . 285 Sumneri, /'. MucU. . 278 Tattonianum, Bateni. 282 teretifolium, Br. . 285 teretifolium, Liudl. . 286 tetragonum, Cunn. . 279 torlilc, Cunn. . . 283 uudulatum, Br. . . 278 Dioseorca 460 bulbifcra, Br. . .461 hastifolia, Endl. . 461 lucida, Br. . . . 460 punctata, Br. . . 461 sativa, Linn. . .461 transversa, Br. . . 460 DioscoRii>E.i; . . . 459 Diplarrhena . . . 399 latifolia, Benth. . . 400 Moraea, Labdl. . .400 Dipodium 300 ensifolium, F. MueU. 301 puuctatum, Br. . . 301 renosuni, F. Muell. . 300 Diselraa 240 Archeri, Hook. f. . 240 Disperis alata, Labill . . . 359 Dissiliaria .... 90 baloiihioides, F. Mu. 90 Muelleri, BaiU. . . 91 tricornis, Benth. . 91 Diuris 324 abbreviata, F. Mu. . 329 wquaUs, F. Muell. . 328 alba, Br. ... 325 aurea, Sm. . . . 327 Behrii, Schlecht. . 328 carinafa, Liiidl. . 330 corymbosa, Lindl. . 3:il curvifoUa, Liudl. . 328 Drummondii, Liudl. 330 elongata, Sw. . .326 emartjinata, Br. . . 330 JUifoUa, Lindl. . . 329 lanceolata, LiuJl. . 328 hi.cifora, Liiull. . . 330 UUicina, F. .Muell. . 326 longifolia, Br. . .331 Pa^ic maculata, Sm. . . 327 No nv- Zclandiie, Kich. ... .332 oculuta, F. Mu. 327, 331 pallens, Benth. . . 32!< palustris, Liiidl. . 327 pardina, Lindl. . . 328 pauciflora, Br. . . 331 peduiicuhita, Br. . 32S porrifoUa. Lindl. . 331 punctata, Sm. . . 326 setacea, Br. , . .329 apathulata, Sw. . . 327 sulphurea, Br. . . 330 Doryantlies . . . .452 exce Si, Corr. . .452 Palmeri, HiU . . 452 Draksea 367 ciliata, Rdchh. . . 367 elastica, Lindl . . 368 irritabilis, Reichb. . 368 Drapetes 35 tasiuanica, Hook. f. 36 Dry mispermum Blumei, Dcne. . . 38 cierodendron, F. M. 33 laarifolium, Dcne. . 38 Ncumanni, F. Mu. . 38 Dumartroya fayifolia, Gaud. . 181 Echinocroton clao.ryloides, F. Mu. 141 Echinosphcera rosmarinoidcs, Sieb. 70 Echinus clao.cyloides, Baill . 141 Dallachyanus, i aill. 145 molUssiinus, Baill. . 140 ncsophilus, Baili. . 143 phdippinenis, Baill. 141 Elachocroton asperococcus, F. Mu. 152 El.s;agnace.e ... 39 Elteaguus .... 39 latifolia, Linn. . . 39 Elatostemma . . . 183 reiiculatum, Wedd. . 183 scssUe, Forst. . . 184 stipitatum, Wedd. . 184 Eiettaria 264 Scottiaiia, F. Muell. 264 Encephalartos Dtnisonii, F. Mu. , 253 Fraseri, .Miq. . . 252 MacdoneUi, F. AIu. 253 Mlquclii. F. Aluell. . 253 OUijicidii, Miq. . 252 H H 2 408 INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES. Page Paulo Gulielmi, F, Muell 251 Preistiii, F. Muell. . 252 spiralis, Lebm. . .251 Ephedra arhorea, F. Muell. . 54 Epiblema .... 324 grandiflorum, Br. . 324 Epipaciis cucullata, Labill. . 372 njfexa, Labill. . . 390 Epipiiguin .... 3U8 Guilfoylei, F. MuelL 308 iiutans, Lindl. . . 308 Eria limenopliylax, Keichb. Eriocbilus .... autumnalis, Br. . cucullatus, Reichb. . dilat>ttus, Lindl. latifolius, LiudL Lindleyi, Endl. . multiflurus, Lindl. . scaber, Lindl. tenuis, Lindl. Ei-yihrtirclds aj)hylla, F. MueU. . foliata, F. Muell. . Eur.arya I\l urrayana, Mitch. Eulopbia Fitzahmi, F. Muell. venosa, Reichh.f. Eupborbia .... alsinjeflora. Baill. . Ariiistrongii, Boiss. . atoto, Forst. . australis, Boiss. . Brownii, Baill. chamasyce, BailL l>allachyana, 'Q&iW. . deserticola, F. Mu. . divaricala, A. Cunn. Drummondii, Boiss. . ereniophila, .4. Cunn. erythrantha, F. Mu. Fcrdinondi, BailL . filipes, Benth. . . livis, Poir. . . Macgillivrayi, Boiss. micradeiiia, Boiss. . Mitchelliana, Boiss. iVI uelleri, Boiss. myrtoides, Boiss. oraria, F. Muell. . paucifolia, Kl. . . peplus, Linn. . . 290 371 372 372 373 373 372 373 372 372 307 308 217 299 300 300 44 49 48 46 48 46 49 49 52 50 49 52 48 49 51 46 50 50 47 48 50 46 53 45 Page pilulifera, Linn. . . 51 ra m osissima, Boiss. . 47 scbizolepis, F. Mu. . 47 Scbultzii, Benth. . 47 serrulata, Reinw. . 61 sharkoensis, BailL . 50 Sparmanni, Boiss. , 46 vaccaria, BailL . 48 Wbeeleri,i^((i7(!. . . 49 EUPHORDIACE^ ... 41 Eurycles 455 amboinensis, Loud. . 456 australasica, Loud. . 456 austraiis, Scbult. . 456 Cuuninpbamii, Ait. . 456 sylrestris, Salisb. . 456 Excascaria . . . .152 agallucba, Li^m. . 152 chamehea, BailL . 152 Dallacbyana, Baill.. 153 parvifolia, Mu. Arg. 153 Exocarpus .... 227 apbylla, Br. . . . 230 eupressiformis. Za6*7. 229 dasyUachys, Scblcbt. 230 glandulacea, Miq. . 229 homaloclada, Moore and Muell. . . 230 humifusa, Br. . . 231 humifusa, Hook. f. 231 latifolia, Br. . . 228 leptomerioides, F.M. 230 luzoniensis, Presl. . 228 miniata, Zipp. . . 228 Dana, Hook.f. . . 231 odorata, A. DC. . . 228 orata, Schnitzl. . . 223 pendula, F. Muell. . 229 spartea, Br. . . .229 spicata, DC. . . . 229 stricta, Br. . . . 230 Fagus 209 Carronii, C. Moore 211 Cunningbamii, Hook. 210 Gunnii, Hook. f. . 210 Moorei, F. Mucll. .211 Fatoua, 182 pilosa, Gaudich. . 182 Ficus 160 aculeata, Cunn. . 175 aspera, Fo7-st. . .174 australis, Willd. . 168 Beckleri. Miq. . . 175 benjaiuinea, Linn. . 167 hravhypoda, Miq. . 167 casearia, F. MueU. 177 eaulobotrya, Miq. . 165 Pase colossea, F. Muell. . 163 columnaris, G.Moore 169 coronulata, F.Muell. 172 Cunninghaiuii, Miq. 165 depressa. .Be«?A. . . 172 dictyopbleba, F. Mu. 170 ebretioides, i'. i1/'ic//. 171 eUipsoidea, F. Muell. 164 eugenioides, F. Mu. 166 fasciculata, i^.il/MeZL 177 Fitzalani, Miq. . .163 Fraseri, F. Muell. . 165 glochidioides, F.Mvi. 178 glomerata, WiUd. . 178 Henneana, Miq. . .165 bispida. Linn. f. .176 Hucgelii, Kuuth et Boucb 170 indecora, Miq. 175, 176 lachnocaula, Miq. . 169 la.nata, F. MuelL . 168 Leichhardtii, Miq. . 170 leptoclada, Bcnth. . 172 leucotricba, Miq. . 167 macrophylla, Dcsf. . 170 magnifulia, F.MucU. 171 micracantha, Miq. . 175 mollior, F. MueU. . 173 Muelleri, 3Iiq. . .167 neglecta, Dciie. . .167 nesophila, Miq. . .164 7iifida. Tbunb. . .166 orbicularis, Cunn. . 175 opposita, Miq. . .175 o]ypositifolia, Willd. 177 philippinensis, Miq. 173 piiosa, Reiniv. . . 164 platypoda, Cunn. . 169 psychotria;folia,Miq. 165 puberula, Cunn. pumila, Linn. retusa, Linn. . rubiginosa, Desf. salicina, F. Muell. scobina, Bcnth. 169 171 166 168 172 176 stenocarpa, F.MueU. 174 stipulata, Tbunb. . 172 stipulosa, Miq. . . 163 valiciinervis, F. Mu. 166 vesca, F. Mueil. . .178 vitcUina, Miq. . . 169 Fleurya photiniphyUa, Kuntb 192 Flvggea mdanthesoides,¥ .Mn .115 Freirea australis, Nees . . 188 Frenela 234 INDEX OF OENERA AND SrECIES. 469 Page arenosa, Cunn. . 2oS attenuata, Cuun. . 23S australis, Jir. . . 23S auntralig, Kndl. . 238 calcarata, Cunn. . 238 caiifsccns, Parlat. . 237 coluiiitllaris, F. Mu, 237 crcussivalvis, Miq. . 237 Drummondii, PctHaf. 236 Eudlicheri, Parlat. . 23S fridicosa, Br. . . 239 frtiticosa, Endl. . 238 fruticosa, Cunu. . 2o7 glaaca, Mirb. . . 237 Gididiiii, Piirlat. . 237 Guiiuii, Endl. . . 239 intratropica, F. Mu. 237 Macleayana, Paiiat. 235 macrostacJiya, Gord. 239 iiiicrocarpa, Cunn. . 237 Moorei, Parlat. . , 237 Muelleii, Parlat. . 237 Parlatorei, /'.'J/uc«. 235 propinquM, Cunn. . 237 pyramid.alis, Cunn. . 23S rhomboidea, EnclL , 237 robusta, Cunii. . . 236 Roei, Endl. . . .236 subcordata, Parlat. . 236 triquetra, Spach . 238 tuberculata, Mirb. . 237 varicdjilis, Carr . .239 Ventenatii, Mirb. . 238 verrucosa, Cunn. . 237 Fusanus 215 acuminatus, .Br. . . 215 crassifolius, Ilr. . .217 diversifolius, Miq. . 216 persicarius, F. Mu. . 216 Bpicatus, Br. . . .217 Galeola 306 cassythoides, Rrhh.f. 307 foliata, F. Muell. . 307 Galera nutans, Blume . . 308 Gastrodia .... 308 sesamoides, Br. . 309 Ger.oplesiuni Baueri, Br. . • .344 Genosiris fraqilis, Labill. . . 402 glahrata, F. A[uell. . 407 juncea, F. Muell. . 405 lanata, F. Muell. . 406 lonrjifolia, F. Muell. 406 Maxwelli, F. Muell. 405 occidentalis, F. Mu. pygnccea, F. Muell. rudis, F. Muell. . sericea, F. Muell. . umbrosoL, F. Mueil. xanthiiia, F. Muell. Geodorum . . . . dilatatum, Br. . pictum, Liiidl. . Georchis cordata, Lindl. , viridijljra, F. Mu, Glochidion, Forst. Glossodia . . . . Brunonis, Endl. . emarginata, Lindl. . major, Br. minor, Br. GoHostegia, Turcz . Gonyanthes pusilla, Miers . . Goodyera polygonoides, F. Mu. viridiflora, BLume . Gunnia australis, Lindl. picta, Lindl. . . Gymnanthes, Sw. . . Gyiimococca drupacea, Fisch. et Mey Pace 403 405 407 406 404 404 298 299 299 313 313 96 391 393 393 392 392 186 398 312 313 313 294 294 151 22 Habenaria 393 arnhemica, F.Muell. 395 elongata, Br. , . .394 graminea, Lindl. . 394 ochroleuca, Br. . . 395 piropinquior, Keichb. 395 triDervis, Wight . . 394 xanthantha, F. Mu. ?95 Hsemodorum . . . 418 brevieaule, i^. ilf weW. 419 brevisepalura, Benth. 420 cocciueum, Br. . . 422 distichophyllum, ^^^. 419 edulc, K.idl. . . .420 ensifalium, F. Mu. . 423 laxum, Br. . . .421 leptostachyum, Bth. 423 paniculatum, Lindl. 420 parviflorum, Btnth. 42S plauifolium, Br. . . 422 piolycephaluin, Endl. 421 siraplex, Liiidl.. . 421 simulans, F. Muell. 421 sparsiflorum, /*'. Mu. 420 spicatum, Br. . . 420 striclum, EadL . . 420 subvirens, F. Muell. teuuifolium, A. Cunn teretifolium, Br, . HeUenia arctijlora, F. Muell. ccerulca, Br. . . . Hclinia bulhifera, Kunth. . Hemicyclia . . . . australasica,^/. Ar;i. lasiogyua, F. Muell. Bepiaria, W. et Arn. sepiaria, var. F. Mu. Heinisteinma LescftenauUii, DC. . Heterolwna decussata, C. A. Mey. Hendersoni, C. A. Mey hispida, C. A. Mey . incaiia, C. A. Mey. nivea, C. A. Mey. . rosea, C. A. Mey. . spectabilis, Fisch et Mey Hippocrepandra ericoides, Mu. Arg. gracilis, Muell. Arg. lurida, Muell. Arg. Neesiana, Mu. Arg. Hydrilla ovaUfolia, Rich. . . verticillata, Casp. . HTDROCHARinE.i; . . Hydrocharis . . . . morsusranae, Linn. H ylococcus sericeus, R. Br. . Hypoxis glabella, Br. . . hygrometrica, Labill. leptantha, Benth. margiuata, Br. . occidentalis, Benth . pratensis, Br. pusilla, Hook. f. vaginata, Schlecht. H yrtanandra lythroides, F. Muell. Paije 423 .423 i-n 266 266 462 117 118 118 117 118 65 11 10 10 20 20 10 81 81 80 81 269 260 259 255 256 256 92 449 450 449 451 451 451 450 450 45» 187 Iridejs 398 Iris RobinsonianatF.Mn. 409 Jatropha moluccana, Linn. . 129 Kdleria, Eudl. 35 470 INDEX OF GENERA AND SrECIES. Kirganelia, A. Juss. . Laportea gigas, Wedd. . luoroides, Wedd. photiniphylla, Wedd Vitiensis, Seem. . Lehediera CunningKamii, Mu. Arg Ledgcna ap/iylla, F. Muell. . Joliata, F. Muell. . Leichhardtia Macleyana, Sheph. . Leopardanthus, Blume Ijepidozamia Fcrowskiana, Reg. . Lepioceras Jimhriata, Lindl. macrophyllu, Liudl. Menziesii, Lind). . dblonga, Lindl. . pectinata, LindL pectinata, Endl. salphurca, LiudL Leptomeria .... acerba, Br. . . aeerba, Sieb. . . acida, Br. . . . aphylla, Br. . . . aphyUa, A. DC. . aphylla, Sieb. axilhiris, Br. . . Bilhu-dieri, Br. . . Billardierl, Sieb. Brownii, Miq chrysadena, Mio. . Cunninghamii, Miq. empetriformis, Jiliq. ericoides, Miq. . glouierata, F. Mucll. Mrtclla, Miq. . , laxa, Miq. . . . Lehmanni, Miq. . , obovata, 31 iq. . , odorata, Miq. pauciflora, Br. . Preissiana, A. DC. . jjungens, F. Muell. . scrobiculata, Br. spinosa, A. DC. squarrulosa, Br. xiphoclada, Sieb. Leptoncma melanthesoides, F. Muell. . . . Leucosmia, Benth. Page Page Page 93 Libertia 412 Paulo-Gnlielmi,7?.^/. 251 graminea, EudL 411 Perowskiana, 3Iiq. . 253 191 Laurencii, Hook. f. 414 Preissii, Lehm. . 252 191 Zccra, EndL . 411 spiralis, 31 iq. 251 192 micranthtt, Cunn. 414 tenuifolia, Hort. 251 192 paniculata, Spreng. 413 Malaisia 180 192 pulchelhi, Sprcng. . 413 acuminata, Planch. 181 stricta, Eudh 411 Cunninghamii, Plan 181 Liparis 272 scandcns, Planch. . 181 122 coelogynoides, F. M. 273 tortuosa, Blanco. . 180 cuneihibris, F. Mti. 273 viridescens, Planch. . 181 307 habenarina, F.Muell. 273 Malaxis 308 reflexa, Lindl. . . 272 iridifolia, Reichb. . 274 Lithoxylon palmicola, F. Muell. 275 236 grandifolium,Mue\\. svbulata, Labill. . 333 300 Arg 89 Mallotus 138 Lyperanthus . . . 373 angustifolius, Benth. 141 253 Burnettii, F. Muell. 375 chinensis, Lour. 140 ellipticus, Br. . . 374 claoxyloides, 31. Ar. 140 379 nigrican.s, Bi: . . 374 Dcdarhyi, F. MuelL 145 379 serratus, LiudL . . 386 discolor, F. 3Iuell. 143 379 suaveolcns, Br. . 386 inamoenus, F. Mu. 146 379 Desophilu.s, F. 3Ju. 143 379 Macaranga . . . . 144 paniculatus, 31. Ar. 140 374 asterolasia, F. Mu. 146 philippinensis, M. A . 141 386 Dallachyi, F. Muell. 144 polyadenus, F. 3Iu. 142 219 iMamoena, F. Muell. 145 pycnostachys, F. Mu 140 225 involuerata, BaiU. . 146 repandus, 3I'U. Arg. 142 229 mallotoidctt, F. Mu. ricinoides, Mu. Arg. 1.J9 222 143, 146 Zijipetlii, F. Muell. 140 222 Tanarius, 3fu. Arg. 146 3Iappa 221 subdentata, Benth. . 145 tanaria, Spreng. 146 219 Macdoncddia Mclanthcsa 224 antennifcra, Lindl . 322 ceriiua, Dcne. 113 222 concolor, Lindl. . . 322 Melanthcsopsis, M. Ar. 113 219 cyanca, Lindl. . . 323 3'Icmoriulis 223 Smithiana, Gunn. . 322 lythroides, F. Muell. 187 222 spiralis, Lindl. . . 323 quinquenervis, Ham. 187 223 varicgata, LindL 323 3Iercurialis 224 venosa, Lindh . 323 angustifolia, Baill. . 130 222 Maclura austruiis, Baill. 130 223 javanica, Miq. . . 179 tencrifolia, Baill. 130 224 Macropiper Micrantheum 57 2z4 excelsum, Miq. . 204 boroniaceum, F. Mu 57 221 Macropodia . . . . 446 ericoides, Desf. . . 57 224 fumosa, Drumm. . 447 hexandrum, IIool-. f 57 228 Macrostcgia triandrum, Hook. . 104 221 erubescens, Turcz. . 15 Microcachrys . . 240 221 Macrozamia . . . 250 tetragoua, Hook. f. 241 223 corcdlipes, Hook. f. 252 3Iicrostachys, A. Juss. 151 221 cylindrica, Hort. 252 Microtis ... . . 346 220 Denisoni, F. Muell 253 alba, Br. . . 348 223 Fraseri, 3Iey. 252 arenaria, Lindl . 347 84 Alacdonelli, F. Mu 253 atrata, Lindl. 349 Muckenzii, Hort. 253 Banksii, Cunn. . 347 3Iacleayi, Hort. 252 Bcnthamiana,B.e\c\\\>. 348 115 Miquelii, F. Miiell. 253 Brownii, Keichb. . 348 37 Oldjieldii, Miq. . . 252 frutetorum, Schlect 347 I.VDF.X OF nRXKn.\ AXD SPECIES. 471 Page media. Br. ... 318 minuiijlora, V. Mu. ;i49 parviflora, Br. . . 347 porrifolia, Spnnt/. . 347 pulchella, Jlr. . . 341) pidckcUa, Lindl. . 347 rara, Br 347 tinifolia, Reichb. . 347 riridis, F. Muell. . 347 l^InNOCOTYLEDONES . . 255 Monota.^vis .... 78 bra teata, Nees . . 81 cuticifolia, Klotzsch 80 eriroides, Kl. . . 81 gracilis, Jiai/l. . . 80 grandidora, Jindl. . 81 linifulia, Brongn. . 79 lurida, Benth. . . 80 macrophylla, Bertth, 79 me^acarpa, F. Mudl. 80 Necxiana, Baill . . 81 oci-identalis, Evdl. . 79 Oldieldii, Baill. . 80 porantheroides, F. M. 80 tridentata, Eudl. , 79 Jlorjea 409 diandra, Vahl . . 400 Robinsoniana, F. iV/w. 409 Morus Brunoniana, Endl. . 181 calcar-galli, Cunn. . 179 pcndulina, Bauer . 181 Musa 261 Banksii, F. Muell. . 261 Nematostigma 'paniculatum, Dietr. 413 pidchilluni, Dietr. . 414 Neorcepera . . . .116 liAuksu, Benth. . .117 bu.xifoiia, 31 u. Arg. 116 Neottia australis, Br. . .314 viridijlora, Blume . 313 Nepenthace^ ... 40 Nepeuthes . . . . 40 Kennedyi, F. Muell. 40 Nicmeijera slglidioides, F. Muell. 396 Oberonia 274 cratsiuscula, F. Mu. 290 iridifolia, Lindl. . . 274 palraicola, F. Mmll. 274 Octoclinis Backhousii, Hill . 238 Macleyana, F. Mu. 235 Page Omalanthus populifolius, Grah. . I.^jO stiliingitefolius, F. M. 151 Omphacomeria . . . 225 acerba, .( T>C. . . 225 psilotoides, ^l. DC. . 225 Orchidk^ .... 267 Ortiioceras .... 332 Solandri, Lindl. . 332 strictura, Br. . . 332 Orthrosanthus . . . 410 graraineus, Benth. . 411 laxns, Bcnth. . .411 Miielleri, Benth. . 411 multifiorus, Sweet . 410 polystachyus, Benth. 411 Ottelia 256 alisraoides, Pirs. . 257 ovalifolia, Rirh. . . 2.'>7 tenera, Benth. . .257 Pancratium amboinense, Linn. . 456 austraiasicum, Ker. 456 Parietaria . . . .187 debilis, Forst. . . 188 opposilifoiia, F. Mu. 187 squaiida, Hook. f. . 188 Passerina involucrata, Thunb. 18 Patersonia .... 400 babianoides, Benth. . 408 bicoior, F. Muell. . 403 compar, Endl. . .403 Diesingii, Endl. . . 403 Drummondii, F. Mu. 407 ftaccida, Endl. . .403 glabrata, Br. . . .407 giabrata, Edw. . . 406 glauca, Br. . . .402 graminea, Benth. . 408 intequalis, Benth. . 408 juncea, Lindi. . .404 lanata, Br. . . .406 limbata, Endl. . . 404 longifolia, Br. . . 406 longiscapa, Sweet . 402 macrautha, Bcnth. . 407 Maxwelli, F. Mueil. 405 media, Br. . . .407 montana, Endl. . . 403 nana, Endl. . . . 403 occidentalis, Br. . 403 pannosa, Endl. . . 406 pygrasea, Lindi. . . 405 Jioei, Endl. . . .405 rudis, Endl. . . . 407 sapp/iirina, Lindl. . 403 Pace sericea, Br. . . . 4i)6 8/jlvestris, Kndl. . . 403 tennispatlia, Endl. . 403 turfosa, Endl. . . 403 urabrosa, /;'/)(//. . .404 xanthina, /'. Mueii. 404 Peperomia .... 205 Baueriana, Cas. DC. 206 leptostachya, llook. et Arn 206 rertexa, Dictr. . . 206 Petalostigma ... 92 aHstralianum, Baill. 92 quadriloculare, /"'. .'1/. 92 triloculare, Mu.Arg. 92 Petermannia .... 462 cirrosa, F. Mueil. . 462 Phaius 304 australis, F. Muell . 305 Bernaysii, Roiol. . . 305 Carroni, F Muell. . 305 grandifolius, Lour. . 304 leucophceus, F. Muell. 305 Phaleria 37 Blumei, Bcnth. . . 38 clerodeiidron, F. Mu. 38 iaurifolia, Dcne . . 38 NeuiDaniii, F. Muell. SS Plierosphffira . . . . 245 llookeriana, Arch. . 245 Phlebjcarya .... 424 ciliata, Br. . . .424 tilifolia, F. Muell. . 425 lcevis, Lindl. . . . 425 pilosissima, F.Muell. 425 Pholidota 290 imbricata, Lindl. . 290 Phreaiia 289 limenophylax, Reich. 290 Phyllanthus .... 93 Adaini, Muell. Arg. 97 alijitiorus, /'. Mueii. 100 aridus, Benth. . .110 Armstrongii, Benth. 112 australis, /Jook. f. . 108 baccatus, F. Mueil. 102 Banksii, Cunn. . .117 Bcck/eri, .Muell. Arg. 111 bossiceoides, Cunn. . 98 brachijpodus, F. Mu. 103 c;vlyi:iiius, Labiil. . 105 Carpentarite, M. Arg. 107 conierminus, Af. Arg. 111 crassifolius, Mu.Arg. 100 cygnorum, Endl. . 105 DaIIacliyanus,.Scn/inifnlia, I'resl. . 31 tincloria, Meissn. . 15 trichostachya, Lindl. 24 umbratica, A. Ciinn. 22 Verschafeltii, Meis. 9 vestita, Meissa. . . 25 villifera, Meissn. . 21 rillifera, A. Cunn. . Z'l vdlosa, Meissn. . . 34 viridida, Lindb. . 2(i viminea, Schlecht. . 33 Piper 203 australasicum, Cas. DC 205 Banksii, Miq. . . 205 exeelsum, Forst. . 204 hederaeeuni, Cann. . 205 Nov;e-Hullaudia3, Miq 204 jiaraniattense, Cas. DC 205 subpeltatum, Willd. 204 triandrum, F. Muel. 205 PlPKR.iCE.E .... 203 Pipturus 185 argenteus, Wedd. . 185 propinquus, Wedd. 185 Placfiantkera alHnis, Baill. . . .141 Ple.raure liinenophijla.T, Endl. 290 Podanfhera pallida, Wight . . 308 Podocarpus . . . .246 alpina, Br. . . . 248 asplenifoUa, Labill. 246 Drouvniana, F. Mu. 247 elata," Br. . . . . 247 ensifolia, Br. . . . 247 falcata, Cuiin. . . 247 Lawrencii, Hook. f. 248 punr/ens, Caley . . 247 spinulosa, Br. . . 247 Pofonia 309 Dallachyana, F. Mu. 310 holocbilrt, F. Muell. 310 uniflora, F. Muell. 3 1 0 Poranthera .... 54 arbuscula, Sieb. . . 56 arbuscula, Sond. . 55 cicatricosa, F. Muel. 55 corymbosa, /ironijn. 56 Drummondii, Kl. . 56 ericifolia, Rudye. . 55 Page Page ericifolia, Hueg. 56 nematophorus. F. M i. 61 ericoides, Kl. 55 nitidu.i, Muel. Arg. . 61 fflauca, Kl. . . . 55 occidenfalis, F. Muel 61 Huegelii, A'^. . . 55 orientalis, F. Muell. 60 linarioides, Sieb. 56 ovalifolius, F. Muell. 59 microphylla, Brong. 56 piineleoides, Sieb. . 59 piceoides, Kl. . . 65 polijandrus. F.Muell . 62 Potomorphe virgatus, Muctl. Arg 60 subpellata, Miq. . 204 Pseudoinorus 181 Pouzolsia .... 186 Brunoniana, Bur. . 181 arnhcmica, F . Muell . 186 Pterostylis . . . . 352 indica, Gaudirh. 186 acuminata, Br. . . 355 li/ihroides, F. Aluell. 187 acuminata, Sieb. 355 quinquenervis,.6e?in 187 alata, Keichb. . 359 Prasopliyllum . 335 aphylla, Lindl. . 361 ajiine, Lindl. . 340 barbata, Eiull. . 357 alpinum, Br. 340 barbata, Lindl. . 362 Archerii, Uooh.f. . 345 concinna, Br. . . 355 australe, Br . . . 337 cucullata, Br. . . 357 australe, Lindl . . 338 curta, Br. . . . 355 bracliystachy uia, Lnd .344 Daintreana, F. Muel. 360 breviliibre, Hook.f. 338 dubia, Br. . . . 358 Brownii, Reichb. 338 dubia, Hook. . . 358 cuciillatum, Benth. . 343 furcata, Lindl. . . 358 cyphochilum, Benth. 340 gibbosa, Br. . . . 363 despectans, Hook. f. 345 grandiflora, Br. . . 358 Drummondii, Keich 338 longifolia, Br. . . 364 elatum, Br. . 337 Mitchelli, Lindl. . 364 Fimbria, Reichb . 341 mutica, Br. . . . 362 fimbriatum, Br. 345 nana, Br 357 flavum, Br. . 337 nutans, Br. . . 356 fuscum, Br. . 339 obtusa, Br. . . . 360 gibbosum, Br. 342 ophiotilossa, Br. 354 giganteum, Lindl. . 338 parviflora, Br. . . 361 giganteum, Eudl. 342 pedunculata, Br. 356 gracile, Lindl. 341 prcecocissiina, F. Mu. 365 hians, Reichb. 338 prsecox, Lindl. . . 359 intricatum, C. Stuart 346 pyramidalis, LindL 357 lutescens, Lindl. 337 pyramidalis, Endl. . 359 macrostachyum, Br. 341 recurva, Benth. . ;'60 macrolis, Lindl. . 348 reflexa, Br. . . . 359 nigricans, Br. 343 revoluta, Br. . . . 359 nigricans, Endl. 341 rufa, Br 363 nudiscapum, Hook.f. 345 scabra, Lindl. . . 359 nudum, Hook. f. 314 scabrida, Liudl. . . 358 ovale, Lindl. 341 squamata, Br. . . S64 parvifolium, Lindl. 342 squamata, Lindl. 362 patens, Br. . . 339 turfosa, EndL . . 362 rosfratum, Lindl. . 340 vittata, LindL . . 364 rufum, Br. . . . 344 striatum, Br. . . 342 Ramphidia . . . . 312 truncatum, Lindl. . 339 tenuis, Lindl. 312 Woollsii, F. Mueil. . 346 Reidia, Wight . . . 93 Pseudaiithus .... 58 Renealmia chri/seus, Muell. Arg. 62 panicidata, Br. . 413 divaric:itissimus. pulchtUa, Br. 414 Benth 60 Ricinocarpus . . 68 micranthus, Benth. 59 Bowmauni, F. Muell . 72 474 INDEX OF GENERA AN1> SPECIES. Pase cyanescens, Muell. ArC. 216 cognaium, Miq. . .216 crassiftliuin, A.DC. 217 cyguorum, Miq. . .217 diversifolium, A. DC. 216 lanceolatum, Br. . 214 oblongatuni, Br. .214 obtusifoliuiu, Br. . 215 ovatum, Br. . . . 214 persicarium, F. Mu. 216 Prei£sianum, Miq. . 216 spicatum, A . DC . .217 vtnosum, Br. . .214 Sarcocbilus .... 291 australis, Reichh . . 294 Baileyi, F. Muell. . 291 Barldyanus, F. Mu. 294 calcarutus, F.Muell. 296 Cecilia;, F. Mucll. . 294 dilatutus, F. Muell. 294 divitiflorus,i''.Jiiie«.292 falcatus, Br. . Fitzgeraldi, F. Muell. Gunnii, F. Muell. . Hillii, F. Muell. . olivaceus, Lindl. parviflorus, Lindl. . piclus, Reichb. . phyllorhizus, F. Mu. trideulalus, Reich. f. Schwcegrichenia fiavida, Spreng. . rufa, Spreng. SciTAMINE^ . . . . Sebastiania .... chamelifia, Muel.Arg. Securinega . . . . leucopyra, Mit.Arg. M uelleriana, Baill. . obovata, Muell. Arg. virosa, Baill. Serpicula verticillata, Linn. f. Sisyrinchium bermudiana, Linn. . cyaneum, Lindl. micrauthum, Cav. . panicidafum, Br. . pulchellum, Br. . . Solenostigma brevinerve, Blume . panirulatuni, Endl. Spatboglottis Pauliuffi, F. Muell. . Spiculwa ciliata, Lindl . Spiranthes .... australis, Lindl. Spon ia aniboinensis, Planch. asjicra, Plancli. . . ilicifolia, S. Kurz. . orientalis, Plauch. . velutina, Plaiicb. virgata, Planch. viridis, Planch. . Stachy.stemon brachypbyllus, MueU A rg polyandrus, Benth. . vermicularis, FLanch. Slratiotes alismoidcs, Linn. Streblus Brunoniana. F. Mu. pendulina, F. Mueil . Sturmia coelof/ynoidcs, F.Mn. cuneiiabris, F. Muell, Pafjp 293 ,293 294 29f. 293 294 294 295 296 444 443 260 151 151 115 116 117 115 116 260 412 412 410 412 413 414 156 156 S04 304 368 313 314 159 158 160 159 159 158 158 61 62 62 62 181 181 273 273 Paee habenaria. F. Muell 274 reliexa, F. Muell. . 273 Synostemon glaucus, F. MuelL . 98 hirleUus, F. Mueii. . 98 ramosissimus, F. Mu. 100 rlgens, F. Muell. . 99 Tacca 458 Brownii, Seem. . . 4."<9 maculata, Seem. . 459 piunatifida, Forst. . 458 Tacoack^ .... 458 TEeuiopbyllum . . .291 Muelieri. Lindl. . 291 Tapeinocbeilos . . . 267 pungens, Miq. . . 2G7 Taxotrophis rectinervis, F. Muell. 160 Ta.vus sjiiuidosa, Sm. . . 247 Thulamia asplenifolia, Spreng. 246 Tliccanlhes cornucopjicp, Wikstr. 6 punicca, Wilistr. . . 6 Thelymitra . . . .316 angustifolia, Br. . 320 angustifolia, Hook.f. 319 aniennifera, Hook. f. 322 arenaria, Lindl. . . 320 aristata, /jindl. . .319 Bcnthamiana, Reich. 321 campunulata, Endl. 319 campanulata, LindL 318 canaliculata, Br. . 318 carne-i, Br. . . .321 comicina, Reichb. . 318 crinita, Jjindl. . .319 cyanea, LincU. . . 323 epipucloale.'!, F. Mu. 318 tiexuosa, Endl. . . 322 Forsteri, Sw. . . 320 fuscolutea, Br. . . 321 graminea, Lindl. . 320 grandis, F. Muell. . 319 iridioides, Sieb. . .318 ixioides, Sw. . . .317 juricifolia, Liudl, . 318 iilucina, F. MueU. . 318 longifulia, Forst. . 319 Macmillani, F. 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Illustrations and Descriptions of the Genera of Insects found in Great Britain and Ireland, containing Coloured Figures, from Nature, of the niost rare and beautiful Species, and in many instances, upon the plants on which tbey are found. Eigbt Yols., Royal 8vo, 770 Coloured Pbites, £28. Or in Separate Monographs. OrJers. Plates. £ s. d. Orders. Flafes. £ «. d. APnANIPTEBA . 2 0 2 0 Htmenopteba . 125 6 5 0 COLEOPTEEA . . 256 12 16 0 Lepidopieea 193 9 13 0 Debmapteba . 1 0 1 0 Neueopteea . . 13 0 13 0 DlCTTOPTEKA. 1 0 1 0 Omalopteba , . 6 0 6 0 DlPTEEA . . 103 5 3 0 Obthopteea . . 5 0 5 0 Hemipteea . 32 1 12 0 Stkepsipteba . 3 0 3 0 HoMOPIBEA . . . 21 1 1 0 Teichopteea 9 0 9 0 " Curtis's Entomology," which Cuvier pronounced to have " reached tbe ultimatum of perfection," is still the standard work on tbe Genera of British Insects. The Figures executed by the autbor hiniself, with wonderful minnteness and accuracy, bave never been surpassed, even if eqnalled. 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