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FLORA INDICA;
* OR
DESCRIPTIONS

OF

Fadian WBlants,

BY THE LATE

WILLIAM ROXBURGH, M. D. F. B.S. E. &c. &e.

—=S12/8@Iieicie=——
EDITED
By WILLIAM CAREY, D.D. F.L.S.

* «
TO WHICH ARE ADDED

DESCRIPTIONS OF PLANTS
MORE RECENTLY a oe
By NATHANIEL WALLICH, M.rerPu. D. F.R.S. E.&c.

Superintendent of the Botanic Garden, Calcutia.

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LASER 4 ey
VOL. II. bie aidan ae
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«¢ ALL THY WORKS PRAISE THEE O Lonp.” David.

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PRINTED AT THE MISSION PRESS; Es ie
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1824, eae Sine

s , DUPLICATA DE LA BIBLIOTEEQUE
DU OONSERVATOIRE BOTANIQUE DE GENEVE
VENDU EN 1922

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ADVERTISEMENT.
A ht etl

IN presenting the second volume of Roxburgh’s Flora Indica to
the Public, it has been deemed necessary to explain, briefly, the
causes of the delay, which has unavoidably occurred during its
progiess through the press; and this task very properly devolves on
me, In consequence of my having, unfortunately, been the chief
cause of that delay,

A few months subsequent to the publication of the preceding
volume, in 1820, I was deputed on a botanical mission to Nipal,
intended, originally, to have occupied only one year, but which was
protracted to eighteen months, and lasted until my return in the
beginning of 1822. The printing, which had been left off at p. 81,
was immediately resumed, and continued up to the end of May,
when p. 200 was struck off,

A severe fever, which 1 had caught on my descent to the plains,
and which IT had endeavoured in vain to root out by a cruise at the
head of the Bay of Bengal, during one of the preceding months, at
this time again attacked my enfeebled constitution; ; EL was confined
to my couch for nearly two months, and at length was forced to try
a voyage to sea, in search of that health, to which I had.so long been
a stranger. 1 visited, accordingly, Pinang and Singapore in the

=» Straits of Malacca, and returned to this carden on the Jast day of
» the year, after having attained the immediate object of the tnp, and
Ag
%

iv ADVERTISEMENT.

loaded with a botanical collection, such as could not fail resulting
from a stay of several months, on those indescribably rich islands,
and fully proportionate to that, which it had been my good fortune
to bring away from Nipal. The materials, which by these means
have been placed at my disposal will, | humbly hope, enable me to
contibute a number of not altogether unintesesting additions to
this work.

Here may I be permitted to claim the indulgence of the Reader,
while I state the reasons, which induce me to express myself thus
freely on the extent of my Nipal and Malayan treasures, It would
have been impossible for any one, in the least attached to the study
of Botany, to have visited those favoured countries, and not to have
made large collections of plants; such is the prodigious extent of their
riches, and suchare the comparative facilities of gathering these. But
to have been supported, as I was, during my researches, especially in
Nipal, by the matchless munificence of the Honourable East India
Company, which left nothing unprovided, that could in any manner
tend to ensure success—and yet to have failed realizing the objects
of my journey, would have deservedly stampted my labours and my
name with indelible disgrace. In short, if I did succeed in reaping
an ample harvest, it was because IT could not possibly have missed
the object, under those glorious auspices, which fell fo my lot —But
J return to the final progress of the volume, | :

The printing which my inestimable friend, the Rev. Editor, had
thought proper to suspend during these, to me most hitter intervals,
was immediately resumed and the volume is at length compleated,
lf it is considered that sickness is under the controul of no one, that

the distance at which L live from the press at Serampore is twenty
miles, that the numerous duties belonging to my charges, are fully
adequate to occupy the time of one individual; finally, that a tropical
climate 1 is but too apt to throw sudden and unexpected obstacles in

the way of close applicatan trust, that my small share in this vo-

ADVERTISEMENT. v

Jume will meet with a lenient and kind reception, It was necessary
to real off before the end of Pentandria Monogynia, that the
number of pages might not be swelled to an unreasonable extent. If
life and health are spared, no exertions on my part shall be wanting,
with the view of compleating, 1m the course of next year, the third
volume which is intended to commence with a vast number of re-
maining Rubiacew, and to comprise the rest of Peutandria, toge-
ther with Addenda to the two preceding volumes,

; N. WALLICH.
Botanic Garden, Calcutta,
March, 1824. 9

¥ Class ath.

SPENTANDAPA
MONOGYNIA.

HELIOTROPIUM. Schreb. Gen. N. 239.

Corol salver-shaped ; throat contracted with vaults. Seeds four,

naked, or each covered with its proper bark.

1. H. indicum, Willd. Sp. 1. 740.* :

Annual, diffuse, ramous. Leaves petioled, cordate. Spzkes
leaf-opposed, peduncled, solitary. Lruit two-cleft.

Bena patsja. Rkeed. Mal. x. p. 95. t. 48.

Sans. atéeteat, Shreehustence, Haw Bhooroondee.

Beng. Hatti-soora.

This is one of the most common plants in India, it is in flower at
all seasons, and delights in out-of-the-way corners, rubbish, &c,
where the soil is rich and dry.

Stems and branches diffuse, dichotomous, hairy, general height
one, or two feet, but spreading to an extent greater than its height.
—Leaves for the most part alternate, petioled, cordate, wrinkled,
margins curled.—Spikes leaf-opposed, generally solitary, peduncled,
longer than the leaves.— Flowers rigidly sessile, minute, in two rows
on the upper side of the spikes.—Corol longer than the calyx. Tube
gibbous ; border five-lobed, pale rose colour.—Seeds united towards
the base, two-cleft, smooth.

* Viaridium, Lehm. Asperifol.—N. W.
A

i ie
% “PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Heliotroyium.

2. H. coromandedianum, Willd. Sp. i. 742.

- Annual, ascending, pubescent. Leaves petioled obovate, entire.
Spikes paired, and solitary.

Beng. Naga-phoollee. €

A native of Coromandel, Bengal, &c. flowering time the hot and
¥alny season.-

Root simple, annual.—Stems several, near the base spreading on
the ground, afterwards ascending ; clothed with white, soft hair.—
Leaves scattered, petioled, obovate, entire, hairy like the stems and
branches.— Spikes terminal, and interspersed among the leaves,
generally paired. Flowers numerous, small, white, placed in a
waved row on the upper side of the spikes.—Ca/yyx half the length
of the corol, the exterior, inferior, divisions longer.

3. H. paniculatum, R.
Erect, ramous, hairy. Leaves petioled, ovate-oblong. — Spakes
terminal, panicled, secund. Tube of the corol long and gibbous.

A native of Chittagong, flowers during the hot season.

4. H. brevifolium, Wall.

Covered with adpressed greyish hairs, stems prostrate, densely
tufted ; leaves approximate, alternate, sessile, narrow-linear, sub.
falcate, with recurved margins; racemes terminal, slender, straight ;

the short bractes opposite to, and equalling the peduncles, linear ;

calyx and seeds strigose.

Cultivated by the Rev. Dr. Carey, in whose garden it came up
accidentally. I have received specimens from the vicinity of Kate-
manda and Gosain-Than,* in Nepala.

* A noted place ef religious resort within the first range of the Himaluya
mountains, about seven days journey from Katumanda, very little to the west-
ward of North, and greatly elevated above the level of that place. My esteemed
friends the Hon. E. Gardner and Mr. Robert Stuart have repeatedly sent collect-
ing parties from the residency at Nepala to that most interesting place, which have

as often returned with a rich harvest of specimens, seeds and roots strikingly re-
sembling,

Heliotropium. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 3

Root woody, slender, almost entire, sending forth copious slender
stems which lie flat on the ground, spreading in all directions with-
out strikmg root, round, about ten inches long, with a few simple
branches. The whole plant greyish from copious stiff adpressed
hairs.— Leaves approximate, half or three-fourths of an inch long,
scarcely half aline broad, with recurved margins, sub-bifarious, the
uppermost sub-opposite, crowded, strigose on both sides, the middle
Raceme solitary, termi-

rib much elevated on the under surface.
nal, at first slightly recurved, afterwards straight, two, sometimes
three inches long, with unilateral, somewhat remote, small flowers,
on short pedicels.— Bractes linear, inserted on the side of the com.
mon peduncle, opposite that to which the pedicels are attached, by the
Jengthening of the raceme becoming alternate with the minute flow-
ers, exceeding the pedicels in length.—Calyz strigose, with deep li-
near segments.— Corolla twice as long as the calyx, white with a yel-
low tube; throat contracted ; borde» plicated; lacinie slightly cre.
nulate, acute.—Seeds united into a globular body covered with ads
pressed hairs. rn

Obs. This species is quite different from H. curassavicum, zeyla-
nicum, and demissum, to all of which it has some affinity. Its nu-
merous stems forming dense tufts, lying flat on the ground, with-
out creeping ; its short, most narrow, very approximate leaves, cover.
ed with greyish adpressed hairs, easily distinguish it from all the
plants of its numerous tribe.—N. W,

sembling, as might have been anticipated, the vegetable productions of the north-
€ro parts of America, aud of Europe. The name (Gossain-Than or Sthan) means
the place of devotees, (Gossain, or Goswamin, Lord of cows); it is also, and
perhaps more commonly called Neel-Kuntha, signifying blue-throated, an appella-
tion of Shiva who is fabled to have drank the poison which was produced on the
second churning of the ocean, which remained in his throat and coloured it blue.

is likewise an appellation of Gurooda the regent of birds, and the name of a
beautiful bird, Coracias Indica. Consult Kirk patrick’s, and Hamiltoa’s account of
Nepala.—N. W.

A2

a PENTANDRIA MONO@GNNZA. Lithospermum

TOURNEFORTIA.

Calyx five-parted. Corolla hypocrateriform or sub-rotate ; throat
naked. Stamina enclosed. Séigma peltate, sub-conic. Berry

with two nuts; each two-seeded.— Rk. Brown.

1. T. argentea.

Erect, covered with sericeous tomentum ; leaves ovate; cymes de- -
compound ; corolla rotate ; stigma sessile, bifid.

Buglossum lanuginosum, Rumph. amb. iv. 119. t. 55.

I have specimens of this singularly beautiful plant covered with
blossoms and fruit, which were gathered by my esteemed friend Mr.
W. Jack on the Island of Carnicobar in October 1819—,[ have
found it in great abundance on different parts of the shores of the
Island of Mauritius.—N. W.

©. T. viridiflora, Wall. See Lithospermum. viridiflorum, Roxby

LITHOSPERMUM. Schreb. Gen. N. 241.

Corol funnel-shaped, throat perforated, and naked. Calyx five-

parted. Germ four-celled, with one pendulous ovulum in each.

1. L. viridiflorum, R.

Shrubby, erect. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, rugose, entire. Spikes
peduncled, twice or thrice dichotomous, recurved.

A native of Chittagong, where it blossoms during the rains, and

cool season.

Stems erect, ligneous, soon throwing out many, patent alternate,
round, hairy branches; whole height from three to five feet.— Leaves
alternate, petioled, ovate-lanceolate, acute, rugose, entire, a little
hairy underneath; length from four to six inches, and from two to
three broad.—Peduncles at first terminal, but becoming lateral; a3

Cynoglossum. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 5

vegetation advances, twice, thrice, or even more times bifid; each
ivision ending ia somewhat long, recurved; secund snike with two
Ivision g g, } i
rows of small, exquisitely beautiful, green flowers ou its convex
side.— Bractes none.—Calyx five-leaved.—Corol with the tube en-
larged toward the base, twice the length of the calyx ; border slightly
five-notched ; throat open.— Anthers linear, sub-sessile near the base
of the tube of the corol.— Germ ovate, four-celled with one ovulum
3
in each, attached to the top of the axis.—-Seeds ovate-cordate
? 2

smooth.

Additional remark by N. W.

This elegant shrub which has been referred by Lehmann to He-
liotropium (Syst. Veg. ed. Roem. et Schult. vol. iv. 730)* 1s cer-
tainly a species of Tournefortia. It was introduced into the Botanic
Garden in 1810, and has grown to a very large branchy shrub which
climbs over trees of considerable size. ‘Though it blossoms profuse-
ly every year, it is but rarely that it produces mpe seeds. It is
however easily multiplied by layers. Leaves and young branches co-
vered with much soft short hair; fender parts silky.—Calyx very
deeply divided, so as to appear almost five-leaved ; segments linear.
—Mouth of the corolla contracted, border plicated, its jacinia ciltat-
ed; tube hairy without.—Ovarium surrounded by a yellowish glandu-
lar swelling. Style short. Stigma peltate, slightly depressed in the
centre, green.— Berry deep purple, oval, smooth, containing two
semi-oval two-seeded sometimes one-seeded nuts,—N. W.

' CYNOG-LOSSUM. Schreb..Gen. N. 243.

‘ Corol funnel-shaped; the throat contracted with vaults. Seeds
our, depressed, affixed to the style.

“This very yaluable work will hereafter be quoted under the abbreviation, Syst.
Feg.-N, W.

6 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Cynoglessum.

1. C. racemosum, R.*

Annual, erect, ramous. Leaves lanceolate, sessile, hairy. Spikes
_ paired and solitary, lateral, and twining. Lowers pedicelled. Seeds
echinate, distinct.

Found growing on rubbish in the vicinity of Calcutta; flowering
time the rainy season.

Root annual.—Siem erect, with many alternate, erect branches
from every part; all covered with short, stiff, depressed hairs; the
whole height about a foot and half.— Leaves aiternate, sessile, lan-—
ceolate, hairy, veined, a little wrinkled, margins minutely curled, and
ciliate ; from two to three inches long.—Spikes terminal, and axilla-
ry, peduneled, generally paired, though sometimes single; when at
their full length much longer than the leaves, with the apices incurv-
ed.— Flowers alternate, on the upper side of the spikes, pedicelled,
while expanded erect, afterwards cernuous, very small, white, with a
purple throat which is somewhat contracted by five two-lobed
glands.—Calyz longer than the coro! ; leaflets oval, hairy.— Stamens
just within the mouth of the tube of the corot.—Seeds distinct, of a
roundish conical shape, armed with many short, thick, stiff, elutinous,
headed bristles, and affixed to a conical receptacle, which has four

corresponding concavities to receive the four seeds.

2.C. furcatum, Wall.

Racemes very long and slender, divaricated, forked, naked, leaves
entire glaucous, soft-haired; radical oval-lanceolate, pointed, at
both ends petioled; cauline sessile oblong, the uppermost ovate
cordate ; nuts echinate.

A native of Nepala, and from thence introduced in 1818 me
the Botanic Garden where it blossoms during the rainy season.

Root thick, woody, twisted.— Stems several erect, two or three
feet high, round, strong, covered with short soft hairs, which are

reflexed on its lower part, but erect on its summit and branches.—

*%

& C. canescens, Willd.—Syst. Veg. iv. 78 et 760.-N. W.

Cynoglossum. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 7

~ Branches simple spreading towards the apex of the stem.— Radical
leaves lying mostly flat on the ground, from five to six inches long,
soft, of a pale green, somewhat glaucous colour, rugose or bullate
above, with a prominent rib and large opposite sub-longitudiual
nerves which unite within the margins by remote arched veins; the
petioles about half the length of the leaves with a deep marginated
channel.—Cauline leaves scattered, acute, slightly stem-clasping
sometimes obscurely decurrent on one side, two or three inches
long, the uppermost ovate-cordate, very small.Racemes terminal,
filiform, from four to eight inches long, generally twin, short-pe-
duncled, very spreading, recurved while young, covered with abun-
dance of short greyish hairs.— Flowers small, blue, of a darker colour
towards their centre, unilateral at first, becoming afterwards bifa-
rious and somewhat remote, on short pedicels. Calyx hairy, when
fruit-bearing nodding ; its dacinie oval, acute, ciliate. Corol a little
longer than the calyx ; tube obscurely quadrangular ; dacinie oval, the
mouth crowned with five short, retuse scales.— Stamina m the middle
of the tube ; anthers enclosed, brownish. Nués oval, depressed, mark-
ed with numerous short, echinate, headed. and somewhat glandular
bristles, attached on their inside to the angular base of the perma-
nent style.

Obs. This elegant plant is extremely lke a Myosotis, while in
blossom. ‘The fruit, however, is that of a Cynoglossum. It comes
near to the preceding species, but differs in having long-petioled
radical leaves which like all the rest are entire, and not, as is the
case in that plant, crenate. ‘The shape of the fruit as well as the
colour of the flowers are also different.—N. W.

»

3. C. diffusum, R.*

Annual, diffuse, hairy. Leaves oblong, soft, hairy. Flowers so-
litary. Stamens hid in the gibbous tube. Seeds scabrous.

* Lehmann, ASperifol, p. 140.—Syst. Veg. iv. 762).—I have received specimems
of the plant from Nepala gathered in the month of November.—N, W.

3 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Myosot’s.

A native of Bengal ; appearing in Gardens, and on cultivated land.
in the cold season.

Stems diffuse, slender, clothed with stiff hairs; length from six
to eighteen inches.— Leaves alternate, the inferior ones petioled ;
the superior ones sub-sessile; all entire, oblong, soft, and hairy.—
Flowers solitary, between the leaves, short-peduncled, small, white,
with a tinge in the throat.--Calyx longer than the tube, hairy.—
Coro! with the tube gibbous, its mouth contracted with five broad,
emarginate, scales.— Stamens hid in the belly of the tube.—Sceeds,
or anls obovate, scabrous, affixed by the base, and on the inside to

the stigma,

4. C. marifolium, R.

Annual, diffuse. Leaves bifarious oblong, hairy. Fowers solitary
between the leaves; corol half the length of the calyx; seeds round,
rough.

A native of the eastern parts of Bengal; flowering time the cold -
season ; soon after which the seed ripens, and the plants perish.

Root annual.—Stem none, but several, ramous, slender, round, hai-
ry branches spread on the ground.— Leaves alternate, bifarious, sub-
sessile, elliptic, hairy underneath ; half an inch in length, and about
half that in breadth.— Flowers axillary, or between the leaves, short-
peduncled, solitary, very small, of a pale whitish blue.—Ca/yz five-
Jeaved ; leaftets lanceolate, hairy on the outside, nearly twice as large
as the corol.—Corol, the tube very short, the throat contracted by
five emarginate scales alternate with the stamens.— I'vlaments short ;
anthers \arge, half hid m the mouth of the tube of the corol—Style
short, clavate ; stigma emarginate.— Seeds rough, round, almostyhid

in the calyx, affixed to a very short columnar receptacle.

MYOSO/TIS.

Calyx with five, more or less deep segments. Corofa hypocrate-
riform, the throat ‘shut with five.vaults, limb obtuse, five-parted.

¥

' Borago. PENTANDRIA MONOGXNIAn 9.

‘Stamens enclosed, anthers peltate. Stigma capitate. Nuts four,
umbilicate and perforated at the base. —R. Brown.

1. M, ovalifolia, Wall.

Siem slender, procumbent, with short adpressed hairs. Leaves

ovate, sub-cordate, petioled, acute; racemes long, filiform; seeds

very smooth, sharply triangular.

Grows wild ia Nepala; time of flowering the rainy season.

Root fibrous.—Stem very thin, slightly angular, simple, or sub-di-
chotomous, as well as the leaves and racemes beset with numerous
rough, short, white, erect, adpressed, subulate hairs.— Leaves remote,
measuring from an inch to an inch and a half, with a subulate point,
ciliate, nerves sub-opposite, elevated beneath ; radical sub-cordate.—
Petioles slender, channelied; the lowermost long, and equalling the

leaves, the uppermost scarcely one-fourth of their size.—Raceme ter- -

minal, naked, most slender, from six to eight inches long, while young
revolute, afterwards quite straight, with mmute, remote, nodding,
pedicelled flowers.—Calyzx turbinate, five-cornered, hairy, with lan-
_ceolate, acute lacinia.—Corolla blue, twice as long as the calyx,

with a ventricose tube, and ovate, obtuse lacini@; valves, broad.

ish.— Anthers ovate, peltate, enclosed.—Seeds brown, shining, sper-
fectly smooth and naked, with very short prominent angles.

Obs. This species comes near to M. latifolia of Poiret, and
macrophylla, Marsch. a Bieberst. From the former it differs in its
simple racemes and sharply three-cornered seeds ; from the latter in
having scarcely cordate leaves, and perfectly smooth seeds, all of
which generally come to maturity—N. W.

BORAGO. Schreb. Gen. N. 248.
Corol rotate. Throat closed with rays.
1. B. indica, Willd. Sp. i. 776.*
Annual, diffuse. Leaves sub-sagittate, stem-clasping, the lower

* Trichodesma, Brown, prodr. Nov, Holl. i,496.—-N. W.
g ;

10 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Borage.

“ones opposite. | Flowers solitary, drooping. Calyx conical, with’
five hornlets behind.

Beng. Chhota-kulpa.

Common over most parts of India, producing flowers and ripe

seed the greatest part of the year.
Root fibrous, annual.—Stem scarcely any, but many dichotomous,

hairy, spreading branches of about a foot in length The lower
leaves opposite; the upper ones alternate; all sessile, stem-clasp-
ing, sub-sagittate, entire, hairy— Peduncles opposite to, or between.
the leaves, drooping, hairy, oné-tlowered.— Flowers pale blue.—Ca-
dye five-parted, with the fissures extended into five recurved hornlets ;
divisions adhering by their margins, giving to the whole a conical
shape.—Corol a litte longer than the calyx ; divisions cordate with

liform apices.—Anthers united into a firm, taper cone over the

mouth of the tube of the corol.

2. B. zeylanica, Willd. Sp.i. 777.*

Annual, erect, ramous, strigose. | Cauline leaves opposite, sub-
sessile, lanceolate : floral ones alternate with the solitary, one-flower-
ed, drooping peduncles.

A native of various parts of India. Flow ering time the cold season.

Root annual.—Stem erect, branches opposite, round, jointed,
hispid with numerous sharp, stiff bristles of two sizes ; the larger in-
serted on coloured glandular elevations ; the height of the whole plant
in a good soil from four to six, or even eight feet_— Leaves oppo-
site, sub-sessile, lanceolate, entire, harsh, with a few stiff, scattered
hairs. Floral leaves terminal, alternate, small, sessile, cordate-
lanceolate.— Peduncles sub-solitary, one-flowered, drooping, sub-al-
ternate, longer than the floral leaves, round, hairy— _Bractes no other
than the floral leaves — Flowers cernuous, pale-blue.—Calyr five-
leaved; deajflets adhering slightly near the base, and at their adhesions

forming five-sharp ridges, but without the posterior horns of Borago

* Trichodesma, R. Brown, l. cit —N. W-

Onosma. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA- 11

indica ; nor, like that plant, does it shut over the seed, but becomes
expanded.—Corol ; divisions of the border broad-cordate, with their
apices sub-filiform.— Filaments short, and thick, inserted on the
mouth of the tube of the corol. Anthers sagittate, woolly, each
ending in a large twisted thread ; sides firmly united into a conical
dome over the stigma.—Seeds four, ovate, smooth on the outside,

rough on the inside, where lodged in the receptacle.

3. B. spinulosa, R.
Annual, diffuse, dichotomous, armed with depressed bristles.

All the leaves alternate, sessile, oblong, scabrous. Peduncles leaf-
opposed, one-flowered. ?

A native of Bengal, appearing in the cold season.

ONOSMA.

Calyx five-parted. Corolla tubular-companulate, with a pervious,
naked throat. Seeds four, attached to the bottom of the calyx, with
imperforate bases.

1. O. Emodi, Wall.
Procumbent, covered with dots and spreading bristles; leaves

lanceolate, triple-nerved, less hairy beneath ; racemes terminal, soli-

. tary, recurved before expansion ; flowers twice as long as the linear

bractes; calyx companulate, five-cornered, with ovate lacini@; co«
rolla ventricose, five-keeled, narrowing towards the mouth; anthers

longer than the filaments ; sty/e exserted.

A native of Gosain-Than in Nepala, where it is called Maharan-

ga.* Flowering time September— December.

Root stout, sub-fusiform, dividing at the end into seyeral thick
branches, whitish within, covered with deep purple bark; fudres ca-

* ASlTS, 2 strong or intense colour. Ed. t
B2

12 PENTANBRIA MONOGYNTA. a Onosma.

pillary, few.—-Stem slender, round, divided into simple branches,
as well as all the other parts covered with small vesicular dots, each
terminating in a straight, simple bristle.— Leaves scattered, sessile,
hispid and dotted above, smocther below, with three longitudinal
nerves, uniting a little above the base, sometimes with another
pair from the middle rib ; varying considerably in size, mostly lan-
ceolate, four or five inches long ; sometimes sub-lmear and an that
case generally shorter.—Racemes gradually expanding 2nd becoming
erect as the flowers open, very hispid, one or two inches long.—
Flowers small, copious, secund, erect, on short pédicels, which equal
their linear, solitary bractes.—Calyx ovate, five-angled, growing
larger with the ripening seeds ; /aciuig triangular, acute, the base of
their sinuses forming five prominent corners.—Corolla pale, bluish
toward its mouth, twice the length of the calyx, hairy, five-keeled,
with as many deep furrows; the base inverted over the ovaria, and
embracing the base of the style; throat contracted; lacini@ ovate,
‘acute.— Filaments inserted on five villous protuberances, below the
middle of the corolla, corresponding to the external five furrows ;
anthers linear-sagittate, larger than the filaments, converging into
a cone; their slightly twisted bases cohering.— Style longer than the
corolla, slender; stigma annular.—Seed brownish, shining, dotted,
dnd tubercled, keeled on the inner side, ending in a compressed, short
beak, and in other respects exactly like those of O. simplex, Gaert.
Carp: 1. 325. tab. 67.

Obs. I should have taken this plant to be the same as O. tincfo-
rium, had any of the authors I have consulted, and who appear to
have copied Marschal a Bieberstein’s description of that species,
made any allusion to the remarkable structure of the corolla. Its
base is bent inwards, forming a narrow margin, which closely embra-
ces the lower part of the pistil; its middle is sharply five-keeled and
marked within with five large protuberances on which the stamina

are iaserted—The root is used as a material for dying blue, and im-

Onosma. ; PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 13

ported from Gosain- Than, probably also from Thibet, as a drug,
under the n native name, mentioned above.—N. W.

2. O. bracteatum, Wall.

Erect; densely hispid and scabrous; Jeaves lanceolate, acute, three-
nerved, cinereous and villous beneath, the uppermost ovate, stem-
clasping, as well as the long bractes ending in a most slender fili-
form acumen; calyx longer than the tubular coro/la, divided into
five unequal, linear leaves, about as long as the bractes.

Specimens of this elegant plant were gathered at Shree-nugur by
Kamroop, a brahmun whom I have stationed as a collector of plants,
with my learned and esteemed ingnd Capt. W.S. Webb.—Native
name La/oiri.

The whole plant is beset with small vesicular dots, terminating in
long, hollow, rigid, shining bristles, becoming yellowish when the
plant is dried.— Stem several feet high, round, divided into several! hol-
low branches.— Leaves scattered, copious, approximate, sessile, at-
tenuated into a sharp point, four or five inches long, entire, dotted
and very hispid above ; covered below with grayish-white or silvery,
short, soft down, with hispid nerves. “The uppermost become gra-
dually smaller and more ovate, ending in a very long, slender acumen.
—Racemes termina], numerous, corymbose, sub-sessile, recurved,
from three to five inches long, covered with long, soft, white hairs.
— Bractes imbricated on one side of the raceme, and nearly cover-
ing the flowers, one under each calyx, lanceolate, their acumen very
long, and almost filiform.— Flowers large, crowded, purplish, sessile,
—Calyx divided to the base into five unequal, linear, erect, woolly
leaflets.—Corolla shorter than the calyx, villous on the outside, tu.
bular, slightly five-cornered, widening toward its mouth; Jlacinie¢
small, ovate, equal, obtuse, cillated.— Filaments inserted a little»be~
Jow the middle of.the corolla on five elevated angles, equalling’ the
linear anthers which scarcely reach the mouth of the corolla; with

' the bases of the. latter bifid, slightly twisted, and cohering.— Style fi-

i4 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA« Androsace.

liform ; stigma obtuse, slightly bifid, within the corolla.—Seeds four, |
osseous, ovate, triangular—N. W.

ANDROSACE, Schreb. Gen. N. 257.

Involucre to the umbel. Tube of the coro] ovate, with a glandu-

lar mouth. Capsules one-celled, globose.

1. A. rotundifolia, Hardwicke, Asiat. Rest iv. p. 350.
Leaves radical, petioled, sub-rotund. Involucres dentate.
Found by Captain Hardwicke, on the most elevated mountains

near Shree-nugur.

Addition by N.W.

This elegant species has been fully described by Sir J. E. Smith
in Exotic Botany, il. p. 107. t. 113;, where Behar and Nepala are
stated to be its native countries. From the latter I have had nu.
merous specimens, collected at the Twraya by Mr. Jack, and
about Iatwmanda by my plant-collectors.—In the fourth volume
of the edition of Linnei Systema Vegetabilium by Dr. Roemer and
Schultes the plant has been described m two different places, un-
der the name of rotundifolia ; first in p. 159 (with an emendation
at p. 785) where p. 531 of Poiret’s Suppl. to the Eucyclopedie
Botanique is quoted instead of p. 550; and afterwards under the |
section with sessile flowers, referring to a communication from.
Mr. Lehman, who probably’also had his ‘knowledge of the plane

from the first mentioned work.

2. A. sarmentosa, Wail.

Densely covered with Jong silky hairs, creeping and sending
forth numerous shooting runners ; leaves sessile, cuneate-lanceolate
tufted; those of the runners verticilled ; wmbels radical, long-pedun-

Androsace. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA 15

\

cled, patent; involucels setaceous, shorter than the pedicels ; ca/y#
equalling the ventricose tube of the corolla. |

Numerous specimens of this charming species were sent to me
by the Hon. E. Gardner and Mr. Robert Stuart from Gosain-Than
i) Nepata, under the name of Neta and Nitaha, which also is the
common appellation for all the species of Primula growing at that
interesting place.

Root consisting of a fascicle of whitish fibres producing cne or
more dense tufis of leaves, from the centre of which spring numer-
ous hollow, naked, cylindrical, slender, shining, more or less deep-
ly purple, entire, hairy stems, which strike root and produce offsets
at the distance of four or more inches. Besides these there are pro-
duced several long and very slender leafy runners.— Leaves an inch
or an inch and a half long, sub-erect, acute, entire, tapering down-
wards, very hairy, becoming smoother as they advance m age, sur-
rounded and intermixed with numerous very small leaflets, covered
with dense wool; those of the runners in remote verticils of threes
or fours.—Scapes 31x or eight mches long, erect, hairy. Umbels he-
mispherical, measuring’ about two inches in diameter, spreading.—
Involuce/s slightly canaliculate, two or three times shorter than the
hairy, filiform pedicels, to the somewhat thickened: bases of which
they are attached.— Flowers small, rose-coloured.—Calyyr hairy,
ovate, slightly five-cornered, with obtuse segments.—Corol/a smooth;
throat contracted, crowned with a prominent, annular, yellowish
swelling; segments of the spreading border oval, obtuse, scarcely
longer than the tube.— Anihers ovate, in the middle of the tube.—
Stigma truncate.—Capsule oblong, shining, smooth, brown, twice
as long as the persistent calyx, with five lanceolate recurved valves.
—Receptacle globular, elevated on a pedicel.—Seeds numerous,
minute.—N,. W.

5. A. lanuginosa, Wail.
Covered with milk-white, soft, long hairs; stem adscending ; leaves

a . SS —

16 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.- Androsace.

sessile, lancolate, acute, broad at the base, tufted, becomi
tered; umbel peduncled, woolly, round, with pedicels equalli
linear, nvolucels ; calyx woolly, five-leaved, equalling the ventricose

tube ; throat much contracted. _
Communicated together with the following species by my es-
teemed friend Dr. Govan from the Sirmore mountains.
My specimen appears to be caulescent, somewhat branchy and
adscending, every part of it covered with white, soft, long, shining
~wool,— Leaves about half an inch long, by three lines broad, dotted:
between the copious hairs, scattered as the stem lengthens, but at
first tufted.— Peduncle four or five inches long, erect, woolly, termi-
nal or lateral. Umbel scarcely an inch in diameter, with about a
dozen short-pedicelled, rose-coloured flowers ; pedicels about one-
fourth of an inch long, together with the involucels and calyces
woolly.— Leaves of the calyx \imear-cuneate. Limb of the corolla

flat, with obovate lacinie ; throat with an elevated ring, contracted.

&

—Ovarium turbinate ; style short, stigma capitate.

Obs. This little species approaches to A.-incana, Lam. Illustr.
i. 432 and Poiret’s Suppl. to the Encycl. Bot. 1. 359: but appears
to differ sufficiently in the leaves being larger, and the pedicels not
exceeding the involucre im length. That species seems besides to
be without stem, while mine is caulescent.—N. W.

“
)

4. A. incisa, Wail.

Stemless; eaves reniform, lobed and dentate, petioled, hairy ;
umbels many-flowered, with lobed involucels, equalling the pedicels ;
ealyx much larger than the corolla. ,

This interesting species is exceedingly different from all the others.
It.is thinly beset with white, soft, spreading hairs: Leaves reniform,
or reniform-orbicular, about an inch in the transversal diameter, very
obtuse ; sinus ‘at the base large, margin incised, lobes ovate, close to-
gether, with three or four ovate, acute, large teeth, incisures narrow 5
petiols hairy, three times longer than the leaves.—Umbels, several from

Primula. _ PENTANDRIA MONO@GYNIS- 1?
a
the same root, erect, elevated on filiform scapes above the leaves,
large, round, consisting of many flowers. Involucels almost equalling
tie pe eléistriated, cuneate, divided at the apex into two or three
niiegual, sharp lobes, rarely lanceolate, undivided. Calyx twice as
large as the corolia, infuudibuliform, hairy, consisting of five large,
lanceolate, veined, acute segments. ube of the corolla ventricose,

shorter than the linb ; (Aroat pervious; laciuie obcordate.—N. W.

5. A. cordifolia, Wall. in Asiat. Research. xiii. 371.

Villous ; leaves ovate-cordate, obtuse, sinuate, crenulate; scapes
almost equalling the petioles; umbells five-Aowered, with setaceous
involucels ; calyx companulate, shorter than the corolla, enlarging
over the fruit.

A native of forests in Nepala, blossoming in the beginning of the
year. Newar name Poollee-Soa.—N. WW.

PRIMULA.

Calyx tubular, angular, five-toothed. Corolla hypocrateriform
with pervious throat, and five-lobed limb. Stamina enclosed.
Stigma globose. Capsule oblong, one-celled, with ten teeth.

1. P. denticulata, Smith.

Leaves minutely toothed, revolute, glutinous, somewhat hairy.
Umbel dense, many-flowered. Limb of the corolla flat, its lobes
cloven. Huotic Botany ii. 109. t..114.*

A native of the mountains bordering in Silhet and of Nepala,
from whence I have had innumerable specimens gathered in the

vicinity of Katwmanda and at Gosain-Than, where the plant 1s

“Tn Poiret’s Suppl. to the Encyclopedie Botanique the native place of this plant
is laid down at Chillongo on the coast of Africa instead of “ Chitlong in Upper
‘ Nepala,” as the Exotic Botany has it. The error has been copied in Roem. and
Schult. Syst, Veg. iv. p. 151, and not coriected at p. 785, although the proper
habitat is there mentioned-—N- W:

Cc

RS : WENTANDRIA MONOGYNEA. Primulz.

called Nétaha. -From both countries. it has been repeatedly in-
treduced in the Botanic Garden where it. blossoms freely during
‘the cold season ; the difficulty, hojvever, of preserving this and the
following species is very great, as numbers die during the hot wea-
ther,-and im the rains.

This lovely plant has been-so fully described by Sir J. E. Smith
that itis only necessary to add one observation. -While young the
top of the root produces a number of large, oval, concave, acute,
closely imbricated, rose-culoured, membranaceous bractes, which ©
embrace all the tender parts and. even the imperfectly formed um-
bel. As the plant advances in-age most of them disappear, but
some remain as has been. represented in the figure quoted above.

—N. W.

2. P. prolifera, Wall.

Very smooth, free from meal; Jeaves oblong, sub-spatulate, ob-
tuse, dentate, petioled ; scape very long ; flowers umbelled, becoming
verticilled ; bractes lmear or deformed-leafy.— Asiat. Res. xiii. p. 372.

A native of the mountains bordering on Silhet whence it was in-
troduced into the Botanic Garden by my worthy assistant, the late
Mr M. R. Smith. Time of blossoming February to April. ;

The only species to which, this elegant plant has any resemblance
is P. verticillata; it differs, however, sufficiently in its entire smooth-
ness, its oblong, blunt, denticulated leaves, and many-flowered
whorls with erect bractes, varying in their form, generally foliacious

in the lowermost and linear in the others.— N. W.

3. P. rotundifotia, Wall.

Leaves round-cordate with acute broad teeth, both the lower part
and the round, many-flowered umbel, are covered with. dense yel-
lowish meal; petioles long and slender ; znvoluceds setaceous half the
Jength of the pedicels; tube long ; lactni@ ovate crenulate ; mouth

vpen, surrounded with a nairow anaular margin,

Primuia. FENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Ts

A most charming species, a native, with the following species of
Gosain-Than. Name Sapha-Nitaha.

Root consisting of many slender reddish fibres, producing at the
top a number of small ovate bractes which surround the piant bud
as 1s the case in P. denticulata— Leaves wumerous, rising in an ob-
lique direction from the ground, almost orbicular, perfectly obtuse,
from one to two inches in diameter, with triangular sharp, somewhat
unequal teeth, sinus at the base entire, with small rounded lobess
smooth above, obscurely veined and reticulated ; densely covered un-
derneath, with yellowish meal.— Petioles four, five, or six times longer
than the leaves, chanelled, broad and membranaceous at their base,
smooth, except while young, when they are mealy.— Scape smooth,
round, about eight or ten inches long, bollow.—Umbel spreading,
round, very mealy, nearly three inches in diameter, with about twelve
large purple flowers.— Pedicels slightly pubescent, about six lines
long, bearing capsules twice that length. Jnvolucels shorter than the
peduncles, persistent.—Ca/yr somewhat-gibbous at the base,deeply
five-cleft; segments lanceolate, acute, mealy on both sides.— J ube
of the corol/a cylindric, four times as long as the calyx, enlarging to-
wards the mouth, which is wide and marked with a yellowish meur-
branaceous elevated margin. Limb flat and spreading, consistiug
of five obovate, somewhat retuse, indistinctly crenulate segments,
half the length of the tube.— Filaments inserted in the middle of the
tube ; anthers oblong.—Ovarium cylindric, smooth. Séyle_fili-
form ; stigma sub-capitate below the mouth of the corolla.—Capsule
smooth, brown, oblong, nearly twice as long as the calyx, opening
with from five to eight unequal teeth, which gradually separate mito
as many recurved valves. — Placenta globular, pedicelled.

dos. P. rotundifolia, Pallas, differs widely from this species and
has been ascertained to be the same as P. sibirica. Jacq. vid. Syst.

Veg. iv, 143.—N. W.
C2

= —_
Sn

wee araeye

20 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Primula.

4. P. Stuartii, Wall.*

Leaves lanceolate oblong, erect, acute, closely fringed with cylin-
dric, most numerous, unequal teeth, smooth and glaucous above,
densely covered underneath with yellowish meal, tapering downwards
into a broad membrane-margined petiole, equalling them in length ;
scape very long ; umbel many-flowered, erect, mealy, with lanceolate

javolucels, shorter than the pedicels; ca/yxr angular, with tongue-

shaped laciniz, almost equalling the tube; throat of the corolla in-
fundibuliform ; dacinia, rounded entire or fringed with linear teeth.

Native name Masoo Nitaha.

A tall, stately plant, rising from a fleshy, thick, fibrous, pink-co-
loured root, and embraced while young by a great number of ovate,
acute, membranaceous, imbricated bractes, some of which are per-
sistent, intermixed with the withered petioles.— Leaves, including
their petiols from eight to ten inches long, and one or two broad,
lanceolate, more or less oblong, the margins at first revolute, after-
wards flat, marked with parallel, small, linear-cylindric, sharp, unequal
teeth, the upper surface very pale and smooth, the lower thickly
strewed with fara, with the mid-rib elevated, and reticulated if heid
towards the light—Petioles very broad with large membranaceous
margins, especially toward the base ; smooth.— Scape strong, round,
erect, generally twice as long as the leaves, from one to two feet in
height—Umbel erect, densely mealy on all its parts, consisting of
about a dozen very large, fragrant, yellow fluwers, the outermost of
which are slightly nodding.—Involucels lauceolate, acuminate, one-
nerved, scarcely one-third the length of the peduncles, slightly con-
nate at their broad bases.— Peduncles obscurely angular, an inch long.
—Calyx five-keeled, infundibuliform, mealy on both sides, with ligu-

* During the progress of this sheet throngh the press my lamented friend whose
pame the species is intended to commemorate has been consigned to the grave!
in the death of Mr. Robert Stuart (son of Sir James Stuart, Bart. of Ailan-

bank) lately officiating as Resident at the court of Katwmanda, the Hon. Company

has lost a servant that stood deservedly high in poiat of character, attainments, and

every virtue that adorns hamanity, and the Botanic Garden at Calcutta one of it

most zealous and liberal benefactors.—N. W-

an

Primula. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 1

late, acute, sometimes obtuse, erect lacinie.—Tube of the corolla a
little longer than the calyx, widening at the top into the funnel-
shaped throat.—order equalling the tube, spreading, of five round
oval segments, fringed with linear long teeth; sometimes perfectly
entire—Anthers within the mouth of the tube.—Style very short.—
Stigma retuse.—N. W.

5. P. reticulata, Wall.

Leaves oblong, obtuse, cordate, smooth, sharply and unequally
toothed, rugose, veined; ou long, slender petioles ; scapes very long ;
umbels slightly mealy, erect, with lanceolate, unequal, sub-foliaceous
involucels, almost equalling the peduncles ; ca/yx tubular, five-keel-
ed, with linear-lanceolate, plicated, recurved lacinia, about half the
length of the cube ; border of the corolla fiat, consisting of five bilo-
bate undulated segments.

Much like the preceding in stature, but more slender.—Root
whitish.— Leaves oblong, ovate, cordate, sometimes with unequal
lobes, obtuse, rugose and smooth: above, slightly pubescent with
numerous approximate nerves and reticuiated veins below, without
any meal; margins unequally and sharply dentate; from three to four
inches long. VPetivles very slender, erect, three or four times longer
than the leaves. Scape slender, from twelve to eighteen inches
high, smooth, round.—Umbel spreading, erect, with yellow flowers;
the outermost noddii.g.—Jurolucre consisting of lanceolate sub-
foliaceous leaflets, varying ia length, but mostly equalling the pe-
duncles, and like them and the calyces thinly bestrewed with meal.—
Calyx oblong, with five angles, about half of the length of the tube,
with carimated, folded, acute, recurved lacmrze—V ube of the corolla
cylindric; mouth open, naked ; liuvb fat, with five obovate, slightly
two-lobed, undulated seginents——Authers below the mouth.

Obs. This as weil as the preceding have some resemblance to
some of our Europe Cowslips, but they differ from them all, as
well as from those recorded in the new edition of Systema Vegeta-

bilium.—N, W.

53 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Primula.

6. P. pusilla, Wall.

Leaves crowded in tufts, spatulate, pectinate-dentate, hairy, ta-
pering into a short petiol; scape filiform, very long; wmbel round,
from six to eight flowered; calyx sub-ses-ile, equallmg the lanceo-
Jate involucels ; dacinie of the corolla tnangular, deeply two-lobed,
equalling the tube ; throat shut with a dense tuft of white hairs.

A very delicate lovely species, growing in tufts— Root fibrous, of a
reddish tint._— Leaves crowded, spreading, about half an inch long,.

two lines broad, acute, deeply marked on the margins with four o7

five strong, linear teeth, sub-pinnatifid, beset on the upper surface

with short, transparent, erect hairs; smooth below, the middle rib eles.
vated.—Scape from three to five inches high, erect, thread-formed,
slightly pubescent at the base, thinly beset with a mealy powder at
the top, round. Umbel globose, scarcely an inch in diameter, slightly
mealy, with large, deep-purple, sub-sessile flowers.—Jnvoluce/s lan-
ceolate, acute, reaching up to the apex of the calyces.—Calyx tubu«
lar, with oblong, acute segments, longer than the peduncle.— Tube
of the corol/a twice as long as the calyx, cylindric, scarcely equalling
the spreading limb ; dacini¢ broad, triangular, deeply bifid, with di-.
verging, oblong, obtuse lobes, marked sometimes with a toothlet at
the bottom or sides of the sinus.—Tzroat completely shut up with
a round and elevated bunch of muk-white hair.— Stamina below the
middle of the tube; stigma captiate, Just under the faux.—Capsule
oblong, a little longer than the calyx, smooth, with five lanceolate
acute valves.

_ Obs. ‘Phis species comes near to P. minima, Linn. but differs
sufficiently by the character given above —N. W.

7. P. petiolaris, Wall.

Smooth ; leaves oval, mostly rounded at both ends, margins cre-
nato-dentate, crisped, several times shorter than the slender, naked
petioles; peduncles radical. many, one-flowered, shorter than the pe-

tioles; limb of the corolla flat.

Pimule. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 93

I have had frequent supplies of specimens of this very distinct
Primrose from the vicinity cf Katwmanda and from Gosain-Than.

Root short, thick, ending abruptly, as in P. acaulis (to which the
plant comes near) with copious long fibres. Leaves numerous, tuft-
ed, spreading on the ground, three inches long, sometimes acute
at the base, or apex, very slightly rugose, the margins unequally
notched and toothed, with subulate teeth ; smooth on both sides, of a
pale green above, whitish beneath, with almost parallel, and opposite,
gitb-transversal nerves. The younger leaves strongly crenate and
crisped.— Petioles slender, from three to six inches long; round, with
a deep furrow, and two sharp, membranaceous margins.—Peduncles
numerous, among the petioles, one or two inches long, naked, reund-
Ish, one-flowered, most slightly pubescent, each having a small
membranaceous ovate, acuminate bracte at its base.— Flowers large,
pale blue.—Ca/yx sub-infundibuliform, five-cornered, smooth, with
lanceolate, acuminate, slightly gland-ciliate dacinie.—Tube cylindric,

twice the length of the calyx ; limb fiat, divided into five obovate, en-

tire, or slightly crenulate, rounded segments, sometimes terminating:

with a short point ; throat yellowish, open.—Anthers sub-sessile in
the middle of the tube. Stigma oblong:

8. P. nana, Wail.

Leaves oval, obtuse, rugose, smooth, sub-sessile, with unequally
and sharply toothed, sub-laciniate, waved margins ; wzbel sub-sessile,
shorter than the leaves, with a few Icng-peduncled flowers; tube
of the corodla long and slender.

A native of Gosain-Than, growing with the preceding species
of which, perhaps, it is only a variety depending on age or soil.

It rises scarcely two inches above the ground; the tender parts
slightly mealy. oof as in the preceding.— Leaves scarcely more
than an inch long, sometimes sub-cordate at the base, on very
short, broad petioles, slightly pubescent.—Scape very short, ter-
munated by three or four pubescent erect peduncles, an inch or an

Q4 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Anagallise
1

ich and a half long;

Involucels linear, acuminate, short.—Calyx oblong, five-curmeved,

sometimes the scape is entirely wanting.—

somewhat mealy, with acute lacinie.—Vube long «aid sicnder,
éacinia@ obovate, obtuse, with dentate borders.—N. W.

POLEMONIUM.

Corolla in five segments. Stamina standing on five-valves, which
close the tube. Stigma three-cleft. Capsule superior, three-celled.

1. P. coeruleum, Flor. Dan. ii. t. 255. Engl. Bot. i. t. 14. .

Leaves pinnated ; flowers erect ; calyx longer than the tube of
the corolla.

Communicated by my friend Dr. Govan, who found it on the

mountains to the north of Katgur in 1819.

My specimen agrees with our well-known European Jacob's
Ladder. The stem is slightly beset with soft curved hairs; which
are more abundant on the inflorescence, especially on the calyces ; it
may therefore belong to the variety recorded by Gmelin. ‘The flow-
ers are large and seemingly blue.—Seeds compressed and less angular

than those represented in Gaertner’s Carp. i. t. 62.—N. W.

ANAGALLIS.

Corolla wheel-shaped. Filaments villous. Capsule superior,

bursting all round.

1. A. arvensis, Flor. Dan.i. 88. Engl. Bot. 8.529. Thunb. Jap.83.
Leaves ovate, dotted beneath ; stem procumbent.
Common in all the Northern parts of Hindoosthan; in Nepala

about Katumanda.

Root fibrous, slender.—Stem short, as well as all the other p
arts

Liysimachia. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIAw oN

smooth, sub-brachiate, with procumbent, sharply four-cornered
branches.— Leaves opposite, the uppermost frequently ternate,
sessile, broad-ovate, acute, obscurely three-nerved, dotted beneath,
half an.imch long, the lowermost remote.—Peduneles opposite, ax«
illary, filiform, longer than the leaves, naked, slightly thickened at
the apex and marked there with five angles which run into the keel :
of the subulate, acuminate segments of the calyx.—Corolla. dark-blue,
a little larger than the calyx ; dacznze obovate, strongly and unequally
gland-crenulate.—Li/aments covered their whole length with glan-
dular hairs.—Style permanent with a rounded stigma.—Capsule .
globular scarcely larger than the calyx.—Seed as described and
figured in Gaert. Carp. i..230.-t. 50.

Obs. Although corresponding im the colour of the flowers with Aw
coerulea, Engl. Bot. 26, t. 1823, our pretty little plant differs in be=
ing more procumbent and having broad-ovate leaves.—N..W.

LYSIMACHIA:

Corolla wheel-shaped. Capsule superior, globular, pointed, fivee-

or ten-valved.

1. L.. debilis, Wall:

Prostrate, flaccid, villous ; stems almost simple, elongated, creep~
ing, slightly compressed ; leaves opposite, remote, ovate, sub-cordate
acute, dotted ; peduncles axillary, solitary, scarcely equalling the
petiols ; calyx villous, lacinig lanceolate, acuminate, as long as the
glandular corolla ; capsule five-valved, hairy.

This and the following species are not uncommon about Katue
manda in Nepala, flowering mostly in the hot season.

Root fibrous.—Séems several, ten.or twelve inches long, slender
and weak, obsurely four-cornered, covered with copious jointed
hair; all the young parts densely villous.—Leaves entire, in very

remote pairs, the lowermost roundish ; the rest slightly cordate at
D

phe 2 PUNTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Lysimachiae

the base, about an inch long, beset with adpressed, jointed hairs, es=
pecially underneath.—Petiols linear, half the length of the leaves,
generally longer than the peduncles, which are densely villous, at first
erect, afterwards becoming depressed.— Mowers large, yellow.—
Corolla dotted with purple glands ; /acinie ovate, acute.—Li/aments
dotted, monadelphous at the base.— Ovarium villous.— Style smooth.
—Cupsule tending to be ovate, hairy, smaller than the calyx, nod-
ding, bursting, with five lanceolate valves.—Seeds minute, nunzerous.

Obs. This species certamly comes near to. L. japonica, Thunb.
jap. 83, and consequently also to maculata, Brown. prodr. flor. Nov.
Holl. i. 428. From the former it differs in being a larger, creeping
plant, in having acute leaves and always solitary flowers; from the lat.
ter in being villous, and ia the peduncles being nearly as long as the
petioles—I possess specimens of what I take to be a variety of my
plant, having ovate, attenuate, acute, smaller, and more approximated
Jeaves, with undulated margins, appearing on being dried as if they
were crenate, as well as the stem and peduncles thickly beset with
grayish villosity ; the younger parts tomentose, white ; flowers small,
oa exceedingly short peduncles which become recurved when the
capsules ripen.—N, W.

2. L. alternifolia, Wail.

Slightly scabrous, adscending ; stems angular, branchy ; leaves al-
} | ternate, sub-sessile, lanceolar, acute, equalling the axillary peduncles,
with elevated nerves; calyx longer than the gland-ciliate corolla ;
capsule five-valved, smooth.

Stem froma span toa foot long, scabrous with a few glandular
dots, pubescent towards the top, as are also the alternate short, un-
divided, adscending branches.— Leaves longer than their interstices,
yarely sub-opposite, from half an inch to an inch long, varying from
Janceolar to narrow or sub-linear-lanceolar, tapering and acute at
both ends, entire, dotted, and marked with prominent, oblique nerves
beneath, somewhat hairy while young.—Peliols scarcely more than

Lysim chia. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. a

a line long, pubescent.— Peduncles filiform, axillary, solitary, spread-
ing, about as long as the leaves, pubescent.— [owers yellow, smaller
than in the preceding species.—Calyr with linear-lanceolate, acu-
minate, slightly ciliate sezments.—Lacinie of the corolla fringed
with numerous glandular dots.—Filaments. dotted, scarcely mona-
delphous.—Capsule smaller than the calyx, erect, ferruzinous, re=

gularly five-valved.N. W.

8. L. evalvis, Wall.

Smooth, erect, with slender, simple stems; leaves alternate, ovate,
acute, and tapering at both ends, with many oblique nerves, on slen-
der petiols ; calyx glaucous, consisting of five ovate finely acuminate
leaves, larger than the corolla ;_ filaments broad, shorter than the sa-
gittate, erect anthers ; capsule round, smooth, much smaller than the
calyx, very thin, bursting irregularly.

Root consisting of many capillary fibres.— Stems several, from one

to two feet long.—Leaves about two inches long, much resem-
bling those of some species of Amaranthus, and membranaceous,
scarcely at all dotted, with oblique, approximated, parallel, elevated
nerves underneath, pallid and glaucous when dried.— Petio/s slen-
der about half an inch long.— Flowers large, yellow, erect, on filiform,
sub-clavate, angular peduncles.— Lacini@ of the calyx large and foli-
aceous, ovate, ending in a long capillary acumen, glaucous ; those
of the corclla ovate, acute, with very few dots, one-third shorter.—
Stamina shorter than the corolla.—Filaments membranaceous,
smooth, scarcely united at their base, shorter than the erect, thick, sa-
gittate anthers, which burst at the sides of the apex with two oblique
pores.—Style smooth ; stigma capitate—Capsule smooth, round,
nodding, half the size of the calyx, exceedingly thin and membrana-
ceous, sub-diaphanous, glaucous, pointed with the permanent base
of the style, having the vestiges of five-valves, but bursting irregu-

larly.— Receptacle large, globular, fungous, and cellular, on a short
D2

“Ss “PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Eysimachia:

‘columnar pedicel._Seed numerous very small, angular, scabrous,
as in L. guadrifolia, Gaert. Carp. i. 229. t. 50.
Obs. This species ought to be separated into a distinct genus,
“independent of those, to which Mr. Brown alludes in the work quoted
above.—The capsule is marked with five lines diverging from the
base of the style, indicating the sutures of the valves; but I have
-not been able to-make it open along them, as it always bursts irregus
larly, for the most part transversely below its middle.—N. W.

4. L. pyramidalis, Wall.

- Smooth, erect ; deaves linear-lanceolate, approximate, sub-sessile,
‘dotted beneath, cauline, alternate, those of the branches sub-oppo-
site ; flowers axillary, peduncled, shorter than the leaves, forming long,
_ “terminal, leafy racemes; corolla glandular within the tube, a little
Fonger than the calyx and stamina, with oblong, blentish lacinie;
capsule, smooth, five-valved,

‘Root fibrous.—Stem from six-inches to two, or even three feet
“high, smooth, slightly angular from two elevated lines, decurrent
‘ from the insertion of each leaf, with alternate, erecto-patent, slender,
- Short branches ; the lower: part marked with purple spots.— Leaves
-mostly scattered, except the lowermost pair and those of the branch.
-es, spreading, from linear to linear-lanceolate, tapering and acumi-
-mate at both ends, entire, from two to four inches long, sessile ; the

uppermost on very short petiols ; floral ones narrow-linear, three or
four times longer than the small, erect, flesh-coloured axillary flowers,
‘which form terminal, slender, erect, leafy racemes.— Peduncles glan=
-dular, exceeding the flowers in length.—Segments of the calyx line-
ar-lanceolate, acuminate, keeled, marked with three or four glandue
ar, broad, purple, interupted stripes, -a little shorter than the co-
-rolla, the lacinie of which are oblong, and the tube marked at the
bottom with numerous, purple glands.— Stamina free, smooth, scarce=
ly equalling the corolla.—Capsule as large as a grain of pepper,
smooth, round, brownish, smaller than the calyx, bursting in five
yalves.~-Seed numerous, minute.-—N, W.

’

Menyanthes. PENTAKDRIA MONOGYNIA, 29

5. L. lobelioides, Wall.

Adscending, smooth ; /eaves ovate-lanceolate, acute, tapering downs
‘wards, petioled, those at the base of the stem and branches opposite,
the rest alternate, scarcely dotted ; raceme terminal, slender ; peduncles

“spreading, scattered, clavate, with short, linear bractes ; stamina free,
much longer than the corolla; capsule round, smooth, larger than
‘the calyx, five-valved.
Root consisting of many capillary reddish fibres ; stem slender, one
or two feet long, slightly angular, with afew short scattered branch-
-es.— Leaves entire, from half an inch to an inch long, with a very
few glandular specks, of a pale sub-glaucous green.— Petioles short,
linear.— Raceme terminal, erect, from eight to ten inches long, leafs
less, with alternate, whitish flowers.—Peduncles scattered, clavate,
vangular, smooth, three-fourths of an inch long, becoming more
Spreading and lengthening as the fruit advances to maturity, with
a linear, acute, gland-striped bracte at the base, scarcely measuring
-half its own length.—Calyx shorter than the corolla ; lacinig lanceo-
late, acute, gland-striped, membrane-margined.—Corol/a glandular
at the base; segments lanceolate, acute, marked with a few linear,
purple spots.— filaments free, subulate, naked, almost twice as long
as the corolla, spreading ; anthers oblong, with a few glands.— Style
columnar, as long as the stamina; st¢gma minute, round.—Capsule
yellowish, almost twice as large as the calyx. Seeds minute nu-

merous.—N. W.

MENYANTHES. Schreb. Gen. N. 263.

Calyx five-parted. Corol monopetalous, five-parted. Capsule
superior, one-celled. Seeds many, inserted on parietal receptacles,

1. M. cristata, R. Corom. 2. N. 105.
Petioles viviparous. Leaves round-cordate, repand. Nectary
triple ; stigma two-cleft.

80 | PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. © Menyantheg.

Cumuda, Asiat. Res. iv. 254.

Sans. aaa al Koomoodwutee, aufesy, Koomoodinee.

ise clankel Rheed. Mal. 11. p.57. t. 29.

Beng. Choolz.

Teling. Antara Tamera.

A native of pools of sweet water, where it floats, often not reach-

ing the bottom with its roots. Flowering time the wet and cold
season.

Root annual, fibrous.—Leaves radical, petioled, cordate, lobes
overlapping a little, margins somewhat scolloped, smooth, on the
upper side purplish green; size various, the larger from four to six in-
ches long.— Pefzoles round, length various, on the upper side about
two inches below the leaf there is a viviparous tuberosity, which
produces the flowers as well as other leaves ana roots; the old leaf
and the parent petiole decaying, leave this a new plant, each peti-
ole in succession doing the same.— Peduneles many, from the above-
mentioned tuberosity of the petiole, one-flowered, sufficiently long
to raise the flower above the water while expanded, afterwards they
drop mto the water, and there ripen their seeds.— Flowers pure white,
about an inch in diameter.—Calyz five-leaved ; leaflets broad-lance-
olate, permanent.—Corol of one petal ; divisions of the border oblong,
expanding with broad, membranaceous, waved, curled, ragged mar-
gins; down the middle of each of them runs a ridge, exactly similar
to one half of the divisions themselves, no hair on the flowers. Nec-
tary triple; the exterior one consisting of white, ramous filaments
crowning the mouth of the tube of the corol, asin Nerium; the
middle one of five beautiful yellow, glandular bodies, which nearly fill
the mouth of the tube, standing alternate with the filaments ; and the
tnterior one of five hairy, yellow bodies, surrounding the base of the
germ.—Ji/aments inserted into the tube of the coro! near its base.
Anthers oval—Style short.— Stigma two-cleft ; segments large, and
lobate —Seeds a little compressed, scabrous. Receptacles parietal,
opposite, running down the sides of the capsules.

Farred. - PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, at

2. M. indica, Willd. Spec. i. 811.*
Petioles viviparous ; eaves round-cordate. Upper side of the coro?
hairy ; nectaries none. Stigma three-lobed. Seeds obovate.

Lind and Beng. Bura-chooli.

Teling. Antaraetamara.
Nedel-Ambel, Rheed. Hort. Mal. 11. p. 55. t. 28.+
Cumud, Asiat. Res. vol. iv. p. 254, N. 30.

Like M. cristata it is found floating on sweet water lakes, &c. in
Bengal. I never met with it on the coast. Fiowering time the cold
season. _

Leaves petioled, round-cordate; margins slightly waved, some-
what fleshy, smooth, when full grown about a foot or more each
way.— Petioles round, length various ; from a tuberosity near the
apex, there issue flowers, other leaves, and roots ; each leaf there-
fiom becoming a new plant, as in M. cristata.—Calyx from five to
six-parted.—Corol expanding ; ¢ube short, yellow ; border from five
_ to six-parted, divisions lanceolate, the upper side thickly clothed with
long white filaments. Nectaries wanting, or minute.—Jilaments as
many as the divisions of the calyx and corol, ascending. Anthers
erect.—Stigma three-lobed, curled.—Capsule one-celled. Recep
tacles three, running down the inside of the capsutes.—Seeds nu-

merous, obovate.

FAGRZA. Schreb. Gen. N. 276.

Calyx five-ieaved, imbricated. Corol infundibuliform with an

imbricated five-cleft border. Berry oval, two-celled. Seeds many.

* Curt. Bot. Mag. 658.—Villursia, Ventenat.—This plant, or as I suspect a dis»
tinct species, is frequent in Nepala, and called Laphakang (a signifying water in
the Nawar language, phakang, a sort of Arun); the natives of that country eat
the young stalks in their curries.-—N. W.

t Nymypheea ceramica, Rumph. Amb, vi, 173, t. 72. ££ 3—-N, We

3f PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA: ss Bagreead.

1. F. fragrans, R.

Arboreous. Leaves opposite, lanceolate. Corymbs-axillary, sta~
mina ascending.

A tree of a moderte size, found by Dr. William Hunter in one-
Garden only on the Island of Pullo Penang ; to which it was origi--
nally brought from China. It blossoms in May and June, and ripens-
its fruit im September and October.

Branches numerous, spreading in every direction.— Leaves oppo-
site, decussate, patent, short-petioled, broad-lanceolate, taper, ob-
tuse-pointed, entire, nerveless and smooth on both sides; from
four to five inches long, and about one and a half broad.— Petioles
short, smooth, enlarged at the base into a stem-clasping ring, which:
in the dried specimens are encrusted with a clear yellow resm.—
Corymbs peduncled, axillary, nearly as long as the leaves, decom-
pound, decussate, smooth.— Flowers numerous, large, whitish yellow,
fragrant.— Bractes small, permanent —Calyx beneath, deeply five-.
parted, or rather five-leaved; permanent. Leaflets sub-rotund,.
imbricated, smooth, many times shorter than the tube of the corol.
—Corol one-petalled. Tube between campanulate and infune-
dibiliform. | Border contorted, five-parted; divisions ovate-oblong,
expanding.— Filaments five, ascending, inserted, in the mouth of the
tube, and much longer than the corol. Anthers incumbent.—Germ
above, ovate. Style, the length of the stamens. Stigma enlarged,
entire.— Berry oval, a little pomted, size of a currant, smooth, red,.
pulpy, two-celled.—Seed several in each cell, angular, and scabrous..

2. I. elliptica, R.

Leaves opposite, short-petioled, broad-elliptic, smooth, and firm.
Corymbs terminal, more than super-decompound., Zube of the co-
rol cylindric.

A native of the Moluccas.

8o
&

Fugrea. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNiA-

Additions by N. W.
8: F. obovata, Wail.

Arboreous ; leaves ovate or obovate, rounded with a short broad
point, petioled ; peduncles terminal, three-flowered, sub-corymbose.

Specimens were sent to me from Silhet where the tree is called
Saom (apgx-) It blossoms during the rainy season, and the fruits
ripen in March. I have had others from my highly esteemed friend
Mr. W. Jack, gathered together with many other interesting plants
at Singapore.

A middling sized tree; with thick; obsurely four-sided branches ;
smooth on all its parts.—Leaves in approximate pairs, spreading,
from ovate to obovate, with a short broad point, tapering and point-
ed downwards and slightly decurrent on the petiol, five or six inches
long, thick, almost fleshy, without veins or nerves, shining above the
rib, much elevated below.—Petiols thick, round, an inch long, flat-
tish above, concave at the base, with a few glandular cili@, such as
are generally found in the family of Apocinea, with an intra-petiolary,
erect, oval, adpressed, retuse, concave éigula or sfipula, connects
ed with that opposite to it by means of a narrow, elevated, annular
margin.— Peduncles teminal, thick and fleshy, round, sub-corymbose,
jointed, with opposite, spreading, ovate, acute branches under each
division, three-flowered.—Flowers white, fragrant, coriaceous, as
large as those of Plumieria acuminata, on short, thick, clavate,
bi-bracheate pedicels.—Ca/yx sub-companulate, five-cleft; acini
broad-ovate, obtuse, imbricating. Corolla nearly two inches long,
infundibuliform ; tube thrice as long as the calvx, widening from the
slender base to the pervious, naked throat. Lacinie ovate, obtuse,
oblique, very spreading.— Filaments thread-shaped, bent downward
a little above the insertion, so as to form a hook, reaching to the
middle of the border of the corolla. Anthers fleshy, oblong, at-
tached by their back, opening longitudinally on each side.—Ovarium
oblong, fleshy, smooth, bilocular ; ovula numerous, attached to a fle;

&

34 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Pagrea.

shy placenta which is united to the partition by a narrow membrane.
Style filiform, almost as long as the filaments. Stigma lanceolar,
smooth.— Berry ovate, brown, shining, smooth, crowned with a
short cylindrical point, supported by the persistent calyx, ona length.
ened peduncle, four-celled, with innumerable brownish seeds, im-
mersed ina soft pulp.

Obs. This species is much larger in all its parts than the first, of
which I have had abundant specimens gathered at Penang by Mr.
Jack. It comes unquestionably very near to F. zeylanica, but seems
to differ in being arboreous, and having rounded leaves with a broad
apex, on pretty long petiols; perhaps they are, after all, one and the
same species. Conf. Sir J. E. Smith in Rees’s Cyclopedia in loco.
—N.W.

4. F. auriculata, Jack.

Arboreous? Leaves approximate, oblong-elliptic, acute, taper-
ing downwards, petioled ; stzpudes with two large, oval, pendulous
fobes on each side ; flowers axillary.

Specimens qithout corols, but sufficiently marked to indicate the
genus, and to distinguish them as forming a very remarkable species,
were gathered at Singapore and communicated by Mr. Jack.

Branches very stout, covered with grayish bark, marked with
vestiges of the insertion of fallen leaves.— Leaves in most approxi-

mate pairs, crowded toward the extremity of the branches, exceed-

ingly firm and leathery, from six to twelve mches long, of an elliptic-
cblong form, acute, measuring toward their extremity from three
to four inches in breadth, from thence tapermg downwards, per-
fectly smooth and entire, with sub-transversal, remote, very fine
nerves, scarcely at all elevated above the surface, veinless; rib
strong and carinated.—FPetiol very thick, scarcely an inch lone
broadish, 2nd marginated by the decurrent base of the leaf,
convex on both sides.—Stipula very large and thick, consisting of

ai intra-petiolary, broad, two-lobed precess, which descends on

Fagrea. PENTANDBIA MONOGYNIA, 35

both sides of the base of the petiol, losely embracing it in the
form of two pendulous, free, oval, or semilunar lobes, of the size of
the nail of the middle finger, convex without, concave on the inner
side, which is parallel to the branch; the outer margin almost
circular, the lower extremely broad and rounded, free; the upper
narrower, partly aftached to the petiol, and partly continuous with
the intra-petiolary process.—In each of my specimens there is in
one of the uppermost axils a very thick and woody club-shaped
peduncle, about two inches long, at the end nearly half an inch in
diameter, with a pair of opposite, ovate, short, thick bractes at the
middie.—Ca/yx consisting of five leathery, roundish, obtuse, most
spreading lacinie, each measuring an inch, with sharp margins,
which probably had supported a proportionally large fruit. Flowers
not seen.— N. W. |

5. F. racemosa, Jack.

Shrubby, erect? leaves broad-oval, rounded at both ends, sub-
sessile; raceme terminal, shorter than the leaves, consisting of opposite
fascicles of sub-sessile flowers.

Found by Mr. Jack in the Island of Penang.

Branches round, smooth, pale. Leaves in somewhat remote pairsy
firm, and coriaceous, mostly broad-oval, from 6 to 7 inches long and
4 or 5 wide; obtuse or slightly pointed, rounded at both ends, with
strong and prominent nerves below; on being dried they assume a
yellowish taint like those of most species of symplocos. Sometimes
they are of an oblong form.—Fetioles very short and thick, scarcely
exceeding one-third of an inch in length, with a very narrow, round-
ed stipylary process, embracing the branch, and united with that of
the opposite side.—aceme termimal, peduncled, nodding, oblong,
three or four inches long

oS)

obtuse, about two inches in diameter,
crowded with most approximate fascicles, each consisting of nine
sub-sessile, white flowers, disposed in threes.—The lowest fascicles
remote from the rest. Con.mon peduncles rather slender, round, two

or three inches long, naked ; partial ones exceedingly thick, with sip.
E 2

38 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Fagrea.

posite, broad-ovate, short bractes under their articulated insertion.—
Calyx oval, small, with obtuse Jacinie.—Corol about an inch
long, the tube three times the length of the calyx, cylindric, widen-
ing towards the sub-compauulate border, which consists of five,
sometimes of six or seven obovate, crenulate laciniv.—Stamina
reaching above the throat; filaments slender and weak, descending
a short distance from their insertion and afterwards adscending again

sin the two first species.— Ovarium bilocular , many-seeded : : style
a, the length of the stamina.

6. F. volubilis, Wail.

Shrubby, climbing ; leaves ovate or obovate, acute, tapering down-
wards, petioled; raceme terminal, lax, longer than the leaves, ne
remote racemuli of peduncled flowers.

A native of Bencoolen, from whence Mr. Jack indulged me with
beautiful fruit-bearing specimens.

Branches pallid, round, slender, apparently dichotomune varlous-

ly bent, climbing.— Leaves somewhat remote, mostly obovate, some-
times broad-oval, always acute, tapering towards the base, from elght
te twelve inches long, and from four to seven inches broad, in other
respects Ene: oe of the last species.— Petioles an inch
long, round, and stout, the upper half marked on each side with
a narrow m 1argin, which | originates from the slightly decurrent
base of the leaf.—- Stipule as in the preceding.— Raceme terminal,
lax, variously bent, a foot or more in length, three inches i in dia-
meter, on ashort peduncle, composed of numerous, opposite, twice
trichotomous, spreading racemult ; the lowermost are remote on
longish peduncles, the rest sub-sessile, and becoming more approxi-
mate, disappearing towards the extremity of the raceme where
the flowers are solitary and opposite.—Common peduncle slender,
round, woody, with a pair of lanceolate, recurved, acute bractes
under each racemuli.— Pedicels very short and thick, with bractes as
in the preceding species. Flowers not seeu.—Berry oval, as large

|
Plumbago. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 87

as a gooseberry, about half the size of my F. obovaca, rust-coloured,
smooth, pointed with the truncate base of the style, bilocular ; calyx
with spreading, rounded laciniz, on a clavate pedicel about an inch
in length.—Corlex leathery, brown, half a line in diameter.—Pulp
none.—eceplucle oblong, broad, fleshy, convex and notched for tie
reception of the seeds; the inner side smooth and concaye, longitu-
dinally adfixed by a narrow lamina to the side of the thin dissepiment.
—Seeds most numerous, ovate, angular, of a reddish brown colour,
shining, scabrous with copious dots. Integument simple, thickish,
crustaceous.— Perisperm conform to the seed, fleshy, pellucid,
water-coloured.— Limbryo cylindrical, aqueous, occupying the great-
er part of the axis of the perisperm ; cotyledons exceedingly small ;
radicula centrifugal.

Obs. Mr. Jack’s F. racemosa is so like this species in general
appearance that [ am somewhat doubtful of its being distact,
‘The former seems not to be climbing, while this appears to beso te
a great extent. The leaves of that are rounded at both ends, very
short-petioled ; of this they are decidedly acute at both ends and taper-
ing towards the base, on pretty long petioles.—The raceme in that
is much shorter, and more crowded -with almost sessile flowers,
whereas, in I’. vodubzdes they are very long and slender, with remote
racemuli of pedicelled ewers. It must however be observed that
the racemes in my specimens of F. racemosa are very young, only
‘a few flowers haymg opened ; it is likely, therefore, they would have
lengthened considerably as they advanced in age, and that, when in

fruit, the fascicles would he eve become racemuli of pedicelled calyces.

PLUMBAGO. Schreb. Gen. N. 281.

Calyx gibbous, five-toothed.. Corol funnel-shaped. _Stamiia
inserted into the tops of the five néctarial scales which embrace th
germ = Sliema five-cleft. Seed one, oblong , coated.

38 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Plumbago.

1. P. zeylanica, Willd. Sp. i. 837.

Shrubby. Leaves ovate-obiong, smooth. Racemes besprinkled
with glutinous hair. Bractes three, unequal.

Tumba-codivelli, Rhzed. Mal. 10. 15.t. 8.

Chitraca, Asiat. Res. iv. 255.

Sans. qifga, Patho, faqaj, Chitruka; also af, Vuhnz, and
all the other names of fire.

Beng. Chitra, Chita.

A perennial shrubby plant, native of India.*

Stems, many, jointed, smooth, somewhat declining, ramous, flexu-
ous, from two to four feet long, and about the thickness of a large
quill. Branches nearly bifarious.— Leaves alternate, short-petioled,
ovate, waved, smooth, entire, about two to three inches long, and one
and a half, or two broad.—Fefzoles short, stem-clasping, channelled,
or sub-winged.— Stipules none.— Racemes axillary, and also terminal,
covered with much short glutinous hair.— Flowers pure white.—
Bractes three-fold, one-flowered, the outer one is teu times larger
than the lateral one, they are covered with the same gluten as the pe-
duncle of the raceme, sometimes there is a fourth linear bracte pres-
sing the calyx.

2. P. rosea, Willd. Sp.1.838. Asiat. Res. xi. 175,

Shrabby. Leaves ovate-oblong, smooth. Racemes smooth; bracées
three, smooth.

Radix vesicatoria, Rumph. amb. v. 453 t. 168.

Schetti codiveli, Rheed. Mal. xii. 17. t. 9.

Beng. ukta-chitra, Lall-chita.

Native of Coromandel, and other parts of India.

Perennial, shrubby; stems, branches, leaves, and petiols as in the

preceding.— Racemes axillary, and also terminal, smooth.— [lowers

2°

a

sarge, of a bright beautiful red.—Bractes three-fold, one-flowered,

© Very common about Katumandg, where it is ealled Kooaboo.—N. W.

Porana. PENTANDRIA MGNOGYNIA. 39

equal, smooth; the inner or upper two united between the flower
and rachis.

Obs. The specific distinguishing marks between these two species,
according to my observation, depend on the racemes and bractes,

colour not bemg a specific mark.

PORANA. Schreb. Gen. N. 28%.

Calyx five-leaved, growing in the pericarp into cariose wings.
Corol companulate. Germ one-celled, from two to four-seeded.

Uiriculus one-seeded. Embryo erect, curved, and corrugated.

1. P. paniculata, R.

Shrubby, twining. Leaves exactly cordate, entire, hoary. Fe-
nicles terminal, and axillary. Corol sub-entire. Style short, siraple.

A native of the interior parts of Bengal, and particularly plentiful
upon the ruins of Gowr, aud the Rajamahl hills.* Flowering time
the cold season; seeds ripe in March.

Stem woody, divided into numerous, very long, scandent, and
twining, stout, woody branches, which extend over the iargest trees,
or whatever else they meet with, their extremeties drooping beauti-
fully. Bark of the woody parts ash-coloured, and uneven ; that of
the young shoots clothed with whitish soft-down.— Leaves cordate,
entire, fine-pvinted, villous on both sides, but particularly so under-
neath, where they are also hoary, from one to four inches each way.
— Panitles terminal, and from the exterior axills, pendulous or droop~”
ing.— Flowers very numerous, small,.pure white.—Calyr five-leaved,,
downy ; teafiets unequal, but all much shorter than the corot.—
Corol one-petalled, companulate, margins slightly five-lobed.— fila
ments five, inserted into the bottom of the tube of the coio!. _An-

thers linear, half hid.—Germ ovate, one-celled, ovula four, attached

* Ihave specimens collected by Dr. Govan at ScHarunpore.—-N. W.

40 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.- Porant

to the botiom of the cell. Style short, and simple. Stigma of
two, large, round, lobes.—Capsule (utriculus,) ovate, one-celled,
evalvular, membranaceous, brittle, villous, size of a small pea, sur-
rounded by the remaining calyx, three of the five leaflets thereof
becoming scariose are enlarged mto as many oblong, lanceolate
wings many times longer than the capsule itself; the other two
continue of their original length, but so contracted in breadth as to
be filiform.—Seed solitary, affixed to the base of the capsule. Peris-
perm and embryo as in the Convolvulacea, to which order it belongs.

Obs. * large plant, from thirty to forty feet long, covering a mango
tree, is now In full blossom before me, and is certainly a most lovely
sight ; the long pendulous extremeties of the branches, with their nu-
merous panicles of smalf, white flowers, and hoary leaves, render it a

very pleasing object.

2. P. volubilis, Burm. Ind. 51. t. 21. f0 1. Willd. Sp. i. 843.

Shrubby, twining. Leaves cordate, entire, smooth. Panicles
axillary, and terminal. Corol five-cleft. Style bifid.

A native of various parts of India, but scarce in Bengal, flowers
during the cold season in the Botanic Garden, and when in that state
is uncommonly beautiful.

Trunk and branches ligneous, twining to a very considerable ex-
tent, over trees, &c.— Leaves alternate, petioled, cordate, entire,
smooth, pointed, from two to three inches long, and from one to
two broad.— Panicles axillary, and terminal, drooping ; ramifications
thereof alternate, and downy.— Flowers numerous, small, white, in-
adorous, pedicelled.— Bractes small, villous, severa! on the base of
the pedicells, and one longer than the others under its insertion.—
Calyx of five, oblong, scariose leaflets, which, are nearly as long as
the corol.—Corol campanulate ; border five-cleft ; divisions oblong,
and obtuse.—ilaments five, inserted near the bottom of the tube of
the corol, and nearly as long as the corol.— Germ ovate, oré-celled,

containing four ovula, attached to the bottom of their cells. Style

Porana.: PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIAe - AL

half two-cleft, one of the divisions shorter. | Sfigma headed, some-
what twe-lobed.—Uéricu/us surrounded with five-scariose, equally
enlarged, permanent leailets of the calyx ; round, size of a smail pea,

smooth, brown. ‘The rest as in the former species.

8. P. racemosa, R.

Annual, twining, filiform. Leaves cordate, the cauline ones peti-
oled, the floral ones stem-claspiug. acemes axillary and terminal,
Corol tive-cleft.* .

A native of Nepala, from thence introduced by Dr. F. Buchanan,
into the Botanic Garden, where it blossoms during the dry season.

Séems aunual, twining, slender, pretty smooth.— Leaves cordate,
entire, obtuse-pointed, soft, and smooth, the cauline ones are petiol-
ed; the floral ones sessile, indeed, stem-clasping.— Racemes axillary,
and terminal, long-peduncled, few-tlowered.— Bracées, the lower ones
like the floral leaves, but smailer, those of the superior flowers very
small.—_I/owers alternate, pedicelled, small, white.—Calyx five-
leaved; leaflets sub-lanceolate, growing with the pericarp into five,
scariose wings.—Corel sub-campanulate; tube short, and rather gibe
bous; border five-parted ; segments oblong.— Filaments short, unequal,
inserted into the tube of the corol near its bottom. Anthers ovate,
within the tube.—Germ ovate, one-celled, containing two seeds, at-
tached to its bottom. Style length of the stamens. Stigma oval,
apex two-lobed.—Ufricudus oval, smooth, of a very delicate, entire,
membranaceous texture, surrounded by the five leaflets of the calyx,
now enlarged into five scariose, cuneiform wings.—Seed as in the

preceding species.

4. P. crandifiora, Wall.
Hairy. Leaves cordate, caudate-acuminate. Racemes axillary

* . . . . - . -_ ?
Lhave had nnmerons specimens of this plant from the vicinity of Katumande
under the name of Lahara which, however, is the term applied in the Newaree Jan-
guage for the word climber.—N. W.

F

A? PENEANDRIA MONOG YNi4s Portnay.

and terminal, loncer than the leaves, few-Alowered. Corolla infun-

cibuliform ; ¢ube many times jonger than the calyx; border flat,

“gpreading. Sty/e: and -stigma intire. Wings of the fruit-bearing
calyx very large, oblong, unequal.

A native of the environs of Katumanda, especially the mountains

of Shivapoor,* blossoming during the rainy season, and ripening its

fruit in January and February.

This noble.plant is so like an Ipomoea in habit and flowers that .

-for.a long time I took it to be a species of that extensive genus ;
“nor did I discover my error until [had obtained its fruit, which at
once decided it to be a Porana.— Branches slender, angular, pur-
plish, twming to a considerable extent; beset with soft curved shin-
ing hair, as are also.ail the other parts.— Leaves remote, ovate-cor-
date; from four to-six inches long, tapering considerably, ending na
most slender lmear acumen, measuring 2n inch in length ; staus at the
base broad with large round lobes; membranaceous, hairy on
“both sides, particularly while young ; margins entire, slightly ciliate ;
seven-nerved, the exterior nerves uniting at the base, reticulate-ve=
nous.—fetioles slender, furrowed, about as long as the leaves.—
‘Peduncles axillary and terminal, slender, spreading, almost twice as
“long-as the leaves, solitary, terminating with a raceme of six or eight
very large and showy, rose-coloured, short-peduncled, inodorous
flowers. Bractes minute, linear, densely hairy:; one under each
pedicel.—Ca/yr tubular, small, purplish, scarcely equalling its pe-
-dicel, deeply divided into five linear, acute, fleshy, ciliate, somewhat
unequal daciwie.— Corolla infundibuliform; tube very slender, two-
thirds of an inch long, the base slightly swelling and hairy within ;
the upper end rather suddenly widening into the flat, most spread-
Ing, plicated /imb measuring more than an inch in diameter, ob-
-scurely divided into fine retuse lobes, each terminating with a subue

late villous point; ¢hroat narrow.—Stamina scarcely reaching to

®* Commonly called Sheopere.

me
“Neuropeltis. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Kad

the middle of the tube; jé/amenis subulate, fleshy at the base,
inserted @ little above the pubescent bottom of the tube, shorter
than the erect, linear anthers.—FPistil rather shorter than the
stamens, persistent, smooth. Ovarzwm ovate, surounded by a very
narrow hectarial swelling, one-celled, two-seeded ; ovula semi-ovate,
erect, contiguous.— Style short. Stigma oblong, mtire, obtuse.
Utriculus very thin and membranaceous, slightly venous, of the
size of a large marrow-fat pea, smooth, terminated by the persistent
style, which is broad and compressed at the base, running down on
each side with a very fine line dividing the fruit into two equal pors
tions, supported by the scariose calyx, which 1s enlarged into five li-
near-oblong, five-nerved, reticulated, straight, unequal wings, mea-
suring nearly an inch in length, the apex is rounded with a subulate
poimt.—Seed brown, round, smaller than the ytriculus, attached to
lis bottom by a broad basis which has onone side a flattened rudi-
ment of the abortive ovulum, The interior structure 1 have not
been able as yet to ascertain ; but from an examination of some part=

ly worm-eaten seeds I cannot doubt of the existence of the contortue.
plicate, erect embryo.—N. W.

NEUROPELTIS, IWall:

Calyr five-leaved, persistent, unaltered. Corolla infundibuliform,
five-parted, plain. Styles two. Stigmas fleshy, reniform. Capsule
one-seeded, supported by the greatly enlarged: membranaceous floral
bracte.

This new genus- comes very near to Bonamia, Aub. du Petit
Thouars, Veg. Atri: p, 17. e¢ 32, t. iv;* Breweria. Brown, Prodr.
Noy. Holl.i. 487, and to Poranaall three belonging to the natural
order of Convolontacee, Juss, which they connect with the Boras

” Marked erroneously (v.) in the reference, and (viii-)on the plate itself of that
most valuable work.—N, W-

F2

»

rot PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIAs Neuropelt

ginee by their affinity to Cordia. From the first mentioned genus
it differs. in having a five-parted infundibuliform corol bearing the
‘short stamina near its base; two very short styles, reniform stigmas,
‘a winged, one seeded capsule, and naked seed. From the two others
‘it differs in its habit, in the corolla not being plicated and in the strue-
‘ture and appendage of its fruit. In the artificial system it should
properly be placed in Pentandria Digynia; 1 have however, prefer-
red introducing it immediately after Porana, which is its natural
place. A

1. N. racemosa, Wall.

A weak spreading shrub, discovered at Penang mm 1819 by my
“most liberal friend Mr. W. Jack, who kindly communicated speci-

mens and part of the following description.

Branches woody, round, ash-coloured, glaucous, covered with nu-
merous, white, elevated dots; while young pubescent.— Leaves al-
-ternate, copious, approximate, petioled, ovate, entire, acute at both
.ends, tapering at the upper extremity, from three to four inches

Jong, coriaceous, shining and somewhat canaliculate above, almost
smooth, with numerous impressed dots, which are only visible under
a lens, and not perforating the under surface, which is pubescent,
reticulated, with elevated smooth ribs and sub-opposite, parallel, ob-
lique nerves, uniting to sub-marginal arched veins.— Petioles deep-
Jy furrowed, smooth, scarcely half an inch long.—Sizpule none.—
Racemes axillary, erect, four or more from the same bud, two or
three inches long, shorter than the leaves, sessile ; every part of
them densely covered with ferruginous, adpressed, shinmg hairs.—
Common peduncle or rachis filiform, naked.— Flowers small, scatter-
ed, not numerous, on short pedicels, to the middle of each of which
is attached a small ovate-lanceolate, acute bracte, decurrent almost to
the base, and giving them the appearance of bemyg clavate —Calyx
somewhat shorter than the pedicel, half hid by the bracte, consist-

ing of five equal, oval, obtuse, imbricated, membrane-margined,

Convolculrs. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. AS

ciliated leaves, which like the corolla are hairy and ferruginous on
their outside, and smooth within.—Corol/a twice as long as the
calyx not plicated, divided below the middle into five lanceolate,
acute lacinie, which during their aestivation are valvate.— Stamens
five, smooth, elternating with, and shorter than, the segment of the
corol; filaments obscurely subulate, arising from five-villous tuber-
cles immediately beneath the fissures of the corolla; anthers linear,
deeply bifid at their base, erect, exceeding their filaments in length,
bursting along their margins from the base to the apex.—Ovarium
ovate, hairy, two-celled, four-seeded ; ovula erect; styles distinctly
two, diverging, pubescent, shorter than the stamens ; stigmas large,
fleshy, recumbent, reniform, crenulate.—Capsule round, membra-
naceous, of the size of a pea, twice as large as the calyx, which sup-
ports it, smooth, attached by a decurrent pedicel considerably be«
low the centre of the floral bracte, which has now become almost
orbicular, of an extremely delicate and membranaceous, sub-diapha-
nus texture, measuring two inches in diameter, smooth, entire,
retuse or emarginate at both ends, most beautifully reticulated and
veined ; the middie rib, the lower portion of which consists of the
decurrent pedicel, elevated beneath, as are also the sub-opposite,
- approximate nerves; those about the pedicel radiating, those above
them oblique, all of them uniting in sub-marginal arches. Cotyle-
dons according to Mr, Jack are contortuplicate as in Porana—

N. W.

CONVOLVULUS. Schreb. Gen. N. 287.

Calyx five-leaved. Corol campanulate. Germ two-, rarely, threes
celled. Stigma from two to three-lobed. Capsule, two or three-cel-
led; cells two-seeded. Embryo erect, curved; cotyledons corru-
gated.

nit

N.B, Ta far the greater number of our East Indian Convolwuli, and

€6 PENTANDRYIA MONOEYNIA. Con-olculusz

Jpomoea, the stigma consists of two globular heads ; each globe an
agoreeate of minute, roundish, pellucid, glutinous tubercles. In
the specific character, therefore I take no notice of the stigma when
so formed ; it will consequently be understood to consist of two round
lobes, when not mentioned. In this genus there is but one species
(C. flagelliformis,) that can be said to have any thing like an entire
stigma and in Ipomoea ouly one, viz. I. phoenicea. I do not there-
fore think it would answer any valuable purpose to make a double
stigma the essential, generic mark of Convolvulus, and a single capi-
tate one, that of Ipomoea. But those with an eutire seed vessel, may
be advantageously formed into a distinct family, which I have done
im the next genus, Letfsoniia.

Sect. 1st. Twining with undivided leaves.

1.C. gangeticus, R.

Perenmal, twining, extensive. I eaves round-cordate, entire, ob
tuse. Peduncles solitary, from one to four-fHowered. Leaflets of
the calyx reniform, increasing in size with the capsule, and hiding it.
Coro! with neaily entire margins.

A native of the banks of the Ganges, where it blossoms during the
cool season ; when its extended branches, and numerous, very large,
bright, pmk-coloured flowers are highly ornamental; seeds ripe in
March.

Stems shrubby, twixing up and over trees to a great extent ; youne
shoots round, pale green, and a little hairy.— Leaves petioled, re-en-
tering, round-cordate, entire, often emarginate, nearly smooth above ;
villons, and dotted underneath and there strongly marked with ma-
ny, nearly simple, parallel veins ; length and breadth about three or
four inches.—Pe¢ioles channelled, nearly as long as the leaves.—
Peduncies axillary, solitary, shorter than the petioles, from one to
three-flowered.— Bracies oblong, opposite, caducous ata very ear-

Convolvulus. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIAe 47

dy period.— Leaflets of the calyx obvolute, reniform, emarginate, with
thin, membranaceous edges, increasing in size with the fruit, and
covering it completely at all times.—Germ four-celled, with one
ovulum in each cell, attached to the bottom, stigma of two round
lobes.—Capsules entirely hid in the calyx, which together with them
is the size of a large nutmeg.— Seeds covered with a dense coat

~of fine brown down, and hairy round the umbilicus.

2. C. semidigynus, R.

Perennial, twining. Leaves cordate villous. Peduncles three or
more-flowered. Style half two-cleft. Stigmas globular.

A native of the Shree-nwgur mountains, from thence Captain
Hardwicke sent seeds to the Botanic Garden, where the plants, three
years old when this description was taken, are very extensive and in
full blossom in December.

Stems woody, twining; young parts villous—Leaves alternate,
petioled, cordate, and ovate-cordate, entire, pointed, of a very soft,
villous texture, particularly underneath; three or four inches long,
and about two broad.— Petioles half as long as the leaves, villous.—

Peduncles axillary, solitary, shorter than the petioles, round, downy,
each bearing three or more large, pure white, modorous flowers.—

Bractes ovate, caducous.—Calyx downy.—Corol villous on the
outside,— Ancthers with their points bent back towards the bottom of
the cerol, and their sagittate bases pointing to its mouth,—Gerar

bearded.-—Sty/e two-cleft. Stigma globular.

3. C. binectariferus, Wall.

Twining, hairy. Leaves cordate, acuminate, five-nerved, rather
longer than their petioles ; the lowermost with an acute lobe on one
er both sides. Corymbs axillary, shorter than the petioles, dense,
ona flattened peduncle. Corolla thrice as long as the equal, ovate
calyx. LExéerior neetary five-parted, valvular, attached to the base
of the corolla, bearing on its back the shoit filament ; zvferior feshy,

annular,

4g. PENTANDRIA HMONOGYNIA: - Convolvulus.-

Communicated to me by the late Mr. M. R. Smith, from Silhet,
in November 1815.

Stem slender, scarcely thicker than a packthread, seemingly her-
baceous, covered with long whitish hair, as are also all the other
parts of the plant; divided into a few branches.— Leaves ovate-
cerdate, mostly entire, those of the lower part of the plant sub tri.
lobate or with a broad acute lobe on one of the sides, from five te
seven-nerved, hairy on both sides, glaucescent underneath.—Petioles
siender, round, furrowed, about two-thirds the length of their leaves.
—Stipules none.—Corymbs solitary, many-flowered, sub-capitate,
hairy, on a thick, flattened, slightly bifid peduncle, an inch loug.—
Flowers rather small, pure white, on short capillary pedicels, each
having a pair of opposite small lanceolate bractes at the base —Ca-
dyx companulate, very hairy without; /eaves lanceolate, acumiate,
membrane-margined, equal.—Corolla campanulate, an inch and half
long, somewhat widening at the base; limb plicate, slightly five.
lobed, acute.—Lf?/aments short, smooth, subulate, attached to the
centre of the convex back of five lanceolate, acute, extremely villous
nectarial valves, which are inserted on the base of the corolla, con-
verging over the ovarium.—Anthers erect, ovate, two-lcbed, below the
middle of the corolla—Ovarium ovate, smooth, obscurely four-
furrowed, surrounded by a narrow, entire, fleshy, yellowish, annular
mectary, two-celled, four-seeded; ovula cylindric, erect.—Style fili-
form, shorter than the stamens.— S/ézma_ papillose, capitate, bilobed.
Fruit not seen.—N. W.

4, C. fastigiatus, R. |

Twining, perennial, smooth. Leaves cordate, smooth. Cymes
long ; peduncles many flowered.

A native of the interior parts of Bengal; in flower, and full foli-
age most part of the year.

Root perennial.—Stems and branches numerous, twining ; all the

sub-ligneo us parts scabrous; young shoots running over buslies te an

Convoloulus. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA- Ag

extent of many fathoms, generally tinged with purple. Long run-
ners issue from the top of the root, and spread along the surface of
the carth.— Leaves cordate, in the young luxuriant shoots and runners
they are often variously lobate, or have their posterior lobes angular ;

all are smooth on both sides from two to four inches each way, and
like the’ tender branchlets often tinged with purple, particularly the
margins, veins and nerves ; there are two round, smooth, rust-coloured
glands on the sides of the base of the nerve, where it joins the petz-
oles, which are from one to six inches long.— Peduncles small, deci-
duous.—Calyx smooth, leaflets obovate, acuminate, and very small
in proportion to the size of the corol—Stamina within the tube.—
Stigma of two round lobes.—Capsules smooth, membranaceous,
from two to four-lobed with a single, dark brown or black, smooth

seed in each.

5. C. maximus, Willd. Sp. Pl. 1. 853.

Perennial, twining. Leaves ovate, entire. Peduncles many-flow-
ered, longer than the leaves. Seeds woolly.

A native of Coromandel.

6. C. malabaricus, Willd. Sp. Pi. i. 857.*

Perennial, twining, every part smooth. Leaves cordate, entire:
Peduneles many-flowered.

Kattu-Kelengu, Rheed. Mal. xi. 105. t. 51.

A very extensive, perennial species, found in Mysore by Dr. B.
Hleyne. In the Botanic Garden it began to blossom in February,
when the plants were four years old.

Stem and larger branches ligneous, and clothed with spongy, un-
even, ash-coloured bark ; twining over trees, &c. to the extent of se-
veral fathoms ; young shoots smooth, deep green ; every part, on be-
ing wounded, discharges a large quantity of dull-coloured, clammy

® Ipomoea, Syst, Veg. iv. 235.—N, VW.
G

58 : PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Convélvulus.

juice, which instantly becomes of a deep brown colour.—Leaves —

long-petioled, cordate, entire, smooth on both sides, from three to
six inches long, and nearly as broad.—Peduncles axillary, solitary,
smooth, many-flowered ; sometimes terminal and panicled ; pedicels
clavate.— Flowers rather small; the bottom of the bell deep purple;
throat pmk with the margins paler, almost white, and slightly tene
lobed.— Calyx consisting of five, smooth, obtuse, oval leailets.—#%-
daments smocth.—Style longer than the stamina, Stigma of two

round lobes.

4”. C. blandus, R. Herb. Banks:

Perennial, twining, smooth. Leaves oblorig-cordate, smooth. Sti-
pules recurved. Peduncles as long as the petioles, many-flowered.
Lobes of the corol obcordate- Stigma of two round lobes:

A native of the mountainous parts of the Circars. |

Siem twining, running to a great extent, round, smooth.— Leaves

. alternate, petioled, oblong-cordate, pointed, entire, smooth, from

three to four inches long.—Petiotles short, channelled, smooth.—
Stipules small. Peduncles axillary, as long as the petioles, erect,
rigid, round, smooth, many-flowered, umbel-like-—Flowers large,
‘pure white; dobes rounded, and emarginate. Siigmu two-lebed ;
éebes globular.

Obs. There is a variety of this, if not a distinct species, which
differs from it in no other respect, than in being wholly covered vith

Soft hairy down.

ba Oe laurifolius, ee

Perennial, twining. Leaves from ovate to elliptic, with simple
and parallel veins. | Peduneles axillary, many-flowered. Capsules
fleshy.

A native of Mysore, and from thence introduced into the Botauic
Garden at Calcutta by Dr. B. Heyne, where it flowers in Novem-
ber. The seeds are iipe in March.

Convolvulus. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, i

Stems woody towards the base, twining to a very.considerable ex-
tent. Bark,of the ligneous parts smooth ; that of the young shoots
armed with small, stiff, adpressed hairs.— Leaves alternate, petioled,
from ovate to elliptic, with a, few adpressed hairs scattered over both
surfaces ; veins simple and parallel, Jength from two to six inches.
__Petioles scarcely half the length of the leayes ; two dark glands at
the apex, and_ hairy like, the other tender parts.—Stzpules none.—

Peduneles axillary, shorter than the leaves, round, hairy, many-flow-

ered, the divisions often accompanied with a leaf or two.— Bractes

small, hairy, caducous.—F/ewers of a moderate size, rosy.—Calyx
with equal, ovate, rounded, smooth, segments; their margins coloured.
—Corol ; tube or bell.sub-cylindric, the inside deep purple, the out-
side and border pink; fobes emarginate, and -slightly separated.—
Nectary a yellow, fleshy ring, surrounding the base of the germ.—
Filaments, inserted on the, bottom of the. bell of the corol,-there of
a.purpie colour and. bearded. Anthers ovate-oblong.—Germ sub-
obovate. Stigma of two globular lobes.—Capsule nearly. round, -size
of a large pea, fleshy, two-celled, with two smooth seeds in each.

9. C. parviflorus, Willd-Sp. P#. 1. 856:

Annual, twining, ‘Leaves cordate, smooth. Peduncles as lone as
the petioles, many-flowered ; lobes of the corol pointed. Stigmg ?
twoecleft, lobes revolute.

Ipomoea paniculata, Burm. Fl. Ind. p. 50. t. 21. f. 1. (bad.)

# native of hedges, Kc. Flow ering time the cool season.

Stems twining, annual, round, sometimes slightiy hairy.— Leaves
alternate, petioled, exactly. cordate, entire, fine-pointed, sometimes
very slightty hairy, from one to four inches long.— Peduncles axilla-
ry, rather longer than the petioles, erect, many-llowered, umbel- bear-
ine.— Flowers pure waite, lobes acute — Stigmna two, clubbed, re-

volute.

10. C. calycinus,. R.>

Perennial, twining, hairy. Leaves eordate, acute. Peduncies .
@4

- $2 pENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Convoloulie.

aN

from two- to three-flowered. Exterior three leaflets of the calyx
sagittate, ciliate, as long as the gibbous tube of “3 corol. Fruit
drooping.

A native of the interior parts of India; from Cawnpore Captain
Hardwicke sent plants to the Botanic Garden, where they blés-

‘som about the beginning of the cool season.

Stem twming, perennial; tender shoots very hairy.— Leaves core
‘date ; entire, acute; lobes large, and rounded, a few distinct hairs”
on the nerves and veins ; from three to six inches long, and from two
to four broad.— Petioles hairy, slightly channelled, shorter than the
Jeaves.— Peduncles axillary, solitary, about as long as the petioles,
bearing two, or three alternate, pedicelled, rather small, pure white
flowers ; after the flowers drop the pedicels become drooping.—
Gracies cordate, a few scattered over the peduncles, and pedicels.
—Calyz, leaflets as long as the tube, ciliate ; the exterior sagittate,
— filaments smooth.—Germ ona nectarial pedicel. Stigma of two
round lobes.

11. C. obscurus, Willd. Sp. Pl. i. 850%

Annual, filiform, sometimes villous. Leaves exactly cordate, en-
tire. Peduncles jointed, clavate beyond the joint, after the flower .
decays this part droops ; one-flowered, lobes of the corol emargin-
ate. -Seeds downy.

A native of various parts of India, blossoming in Bengal during
the rainy and cool seasons.

Obs. In Dillenius’s figure of C. obscurus, which is the only spe-
cies I can compare this plant to, the lobes of the corol are acute ;

here they are emarginate, hence I conclude they are different. In
the Banksian herbarium either this or one much like it is named C.

Sunicularis.

* Ipomoea, Syst. Veg. iv. 336.--N- W.

Convolvulus. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 63

12. C. spehorocephalus, K.

Annual, twining, villous. Leaves cordate-sagittate ; lobes round-
ed. Flowers numerous, sessile, on sub-sessile, round, axillary heads.

A native of the interior parts of Bengal. Flowering time from
tle close of the rains iy October till January.

Foot annual.—Siem and branches twining, round; young shoots
clothed with short soft hairs.—Leaves sagittate-cordate, posterior
lobes large, and rounded, both tie ‘sides and margins somewhat
hairy ; length from one to four inches.— Petiales hairy, channelled,
about half as long as the leaves. Peduncles axillary, solitary, very
short, or almost wanting, bearing many small, rose-coloured, sessile
flowers, forming globular heads.—Bractes or involucres many,
linear, recurved.—Calyr, leaflets as long as the corol, hairy, taper-
ing to a rather long, recurved point.—Corol having the borde
slightly marked with ten indentures.—Anthers half hid in the tube
of the corol.— Stigma of two round lobes.—Capsule globular, vil-
lous, size of a marrow-fat pea, two-celled, with two light-coloured
seeds in each. | egos IA

Obs, There is a variety of the above, if not a distinct species, with
white flowers, in round sessile heads, and having narrower leaves ;
in other respects they exactly agree ; both are natives of Bengal and
both are now growing lusuriantly in the Botanic Garden, Compare
them with Ipomoea tumnifolia, oe

Additional observation by N. We

Ehave had abundant specimens of this elegant species gathered
in the valley of Nepala during the rains.—Root fibrous.—The whole
plant more or less densely clad with soft, long, white hairs rising
from minute vesicular dots ; those on the stem and petioles almost
always reflexed.— Stems very slender, purplish while young.— Leaves
remete, varying considerably in figure, from linear to ovate, oblong,
always cordate at the base, the lobes more or less cohverging downe

54 PYNTANDRIA MONOGYNIA,. — Conpoloulus.

wards or diverging, giving the leaves a hastate or sagittated form, Alt
the parts of the inflorescence densely hauwy.—6ractes much smaller
than the calyx, which consists of five unequal segments, hispid op
both sides. Corolla hairy without, oblong, especially in the middle of
the five acute short lobes.—Stamina unequal. It differs from, }.
tamnifolia, (Dill. Hort. Eltham. 428. t. 518. f. 410.) in the much
narrower leaves and larger corols. It comes near to Cc. copitatas,

Vahl. Symb. ill. 28.—N, WwW.

13. ©. (Ipomoea) atropurpureus, Wail.

Twining, densely villous. Leaves ovate-cordate, acute. or acu-
minate, longer than their petioles. Flowers aggregate, axillary,
sub-sessile, with numerous involucre-formed, membranaceous
bractes.

A native, of the northern parts. of Nepalg, near, Gosam-Than,
where it blossoms m November,

Stem slender, round, densely coyered with depressed, jie -ferru:

_gineous, short, soft hair.—Leaves somewhat remote, most. entire,
about four inches lang, generally seven-nerved, besides, sending seve-
ral alternating nerves from the sides of the middle rib, ciliate, hairy;,
especially underneath ; lobes of the base large and rounded,— Fetioles
about an inch long, bearded, round.—Stipules none,— Peduneles
axillary, very short, slightly bifid, bearing a few sub-sessile, large,
deep purple, villous, fascicled flowers. Bractes large and numerous,
lanceolate-oblong, hairy, thin and membranaceous, larger than the
calyx ; those within srmaller.—Ca/yx consisting of five unequal, lan-—
ceolate, acuminate leaflets. —Corolla twice as long as the calyx, cqm-
panulate, hairy without; border obtuse, slightly five-lobed. —File;
ments subulate, unequal, reaching to about the middle of the corolla,
inserted a little above its bottom with their villous bases. Gathers
linear.—Ovarium smooth, ovate, surrounded witha narrow nectary,
four-celled, four-seeded. Style capillary. Stigmas two, globose.—
N.W.

Convolvulus. PENTANDEIA MONG@YNIA. 63

14. C. pilosas, R.
Annual, twining, every part very hairy. Leaves broad-cordate,
entire, or slightly three-lobed, hoary undermeath. Stipules ear-

‘shaped. Cymes long-peduncled ; calyciue leaflets and bractes ensi-

form and ciliate.

A native of Mysore; the seeds were sent from thence by Dr.
Heyne, to the Botanic Garden, where the plants spring up during
the rains; blossoming and ripening their seeds during the cold sea-
son.

Annual. Stern and branches twining, extensive, round, very hairy,
every part replete with a clammy white juice.— Leaves broad-cor-

date, sometimes a little three-lobed, on the upper side a little haity
and deep green, underneath clothed with soft white wool; length

from two to six inches, breadth nearly the same.— Petioles about as
long as the leaves, channelled, and hairy.— Stipules reniform, with
callous, ciliate margins; they are always present where there is a
peduncle.—Peduncles axillary, about as long as the petioles, bear-
ing from one to ten or twelve, small, rose-coloured, pedicelled flow-
ers.—Bractes opposite, with a cordate, peduricle-clasping base ;
jong, taper, recurved points ; and ciliate, callous margins.— Flowers
jiumerous, Of a lively pink colour, expanding about an inch.—Ca-
lyx ; leaflets linear, acute, longer than the tube of the corol, on thie
outside glandular, and very hairy.—Stamens equalling the tube.—
Stigma of two round lobes.—Capsules globular, half the length of
the calyx.—Seeds four, woolly.

15. C. Malcolmi, Kk.

Root perennial. Stems twiing, furrowed. Leaves sagittate with
large, angular barbs. Peduneles two-flowered. Bractes lanceolate.
Stigma of two linear lobes,

The seeds of this plant were brought from Persia by Major
Malcolm, in 1801. The plants raised from them in the Botanic
Garden, blossomed during the hot season of 1802, when they were
about one year old.

56 “PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Conro’vulas.

Roci pereniiial—Stems and branchlets twining to an extent of
six or eight feet, somewhat furrowed, twisted, and villous, herba-
ceous.— Leaves petioled, sagittate ; margins a little hairy; smooth
on both sides, from one to three inches long.— Barbs or posterior
lobes dilated, spreading, somewhat acute, often dentate; and always
angular.—Petiolés scarcely half the length of the leaves, channelled.
—Peduncles axillary, two-flowered, three times longer than the pe-
tioles, round. Pedicels clavate, as long as the petioles, villous.—
Bractes two, opposite, at the base of the pedicels, lanceolate.—Ca-
dycine leaflets ovate. Corol large, of a beautiful lively pink colour,
margins almost entire:-—Filaments not half the length of the corol,
villous at the base. | Anthers purple.—Germ with a yellow ring
round the base. Style longer than the stamina: Stzgma of two
linear, spreading lobes.

Obs. I must leave the European Botanist to determine how near-
ly this is allied to arvensis, a plant I have never seen in India if this ~

be not it.*

16. C, Medium, Willd. Sp. Pl. i. 848.
Biennial. Leaves linear-lanceolate, stem-clasping, base dilated
and dentate. Peduncles axillary, from one to two-flowered. Leaf-
_éets of the calyx lanceolate, cuspidate.
Tala-Neli, Rheed. Mal. xi. 113. t. 55.
Found in various parts of India, in flower during the rainy and
cool seasons. :

17. C. tridentatus, Willd. Sp. Pi. i. 848.4

Annual, leaves short-petioled, sub- -cuneate, with sagittate, acute-
ly dentate, posterior lobes, anda somewhat retuse, or rounded ti-
dentate apex. Peduncles filiform, one-, rarely, two-flowered.

* This species is exceedingly like C. arvensis, and C. chinensis, (Edw. Rot. Regist:
4.322,) especially the latter, from which it seems only to differ in the dentate and
angular auricles of its leaves, and the two-flowered peduncles=N. W.

+ Ipomoea, Syst. Veg. iv. 246.—N. W.
: \

Convolvulus. PENTANDRIA MONOGGYNIAs 57

Evolvulus tridentus, Burm. Ind. 77. t. 16. f. 3.

Sendera-clandi, Rheed. Mal. xi, 133. t. 65.

Found common on the coast of Coromandel, Malabar, &c.
Flowers during the raliy season in Bengal.

18. C. bicolor, Willd. Sp. Pl. i. 850.

Perennial, twining, hairy. Leaves cordate, and generally some-
what angular, downy. Peduncles longer than the leaves, from one
to four-flowered. ractes lauceolar. Calycine leafiets acute and
very unequal.

Hind. Jurud-kulmi.

Is a species common in hedges, &c. over the coast of Coroman-
del. Flowers during the rains.

Stems twining, herbaceous, round, covered with soft hair, or
down, from one to two fathoms long.— Leaves alternate, petioled,
broad-cordate, sometimes slightly and irregularly lobate, downy,
from one to four inches long.— Peduicles axillary, twice as long as
the leaves, slender, erect, downy, ending in a small head of from two
to four sessile flowers.—-Bractes \anceolate, one or two pressing on
each of the calyces.—L’/owers middle-sized, yellow, bottom of the
bell, deep purple.—Stioma of two globular heads.—-Capsules hairy,
four-celled.— Seeds black, one in each cell.

Obs. Since writing the above description f have often met with
plants, having one-, and two-flowered peduncles. It is therefore very

likely that those varieties include both C. sub-lobatus, and bicolor.

19. C. Turpethum, Willd. Sp. Pl. i. 859.*

Perennial. Leaves from broad-cordate, to arrow-shaped, angu-
Jar. Stems three or four-augled. Peduncles many-flowered. Stig-
ma of two round lobes. Capsu/es inflated, transparent, four-celled,

one-valyed.

® Impomoea, Brown, Prodr, Noy. Holl.i, 485, Exo, Bot, Reg. iv. 279.—N. W,
H

38 PENTANDRIS MONOGYNiA. Convalonlus.

Sung. Synonyma, See page 60.

Beng. Teoree, Dood-kulmi.

Weling. Tella-tagada.

Common in hedges, &c. Flowering time the rainy season.*

Root perennial—Siems twining, several fathoms long, from three
to four-sided, angles membrane-winged, a little downy, perennial.
—Leaveg alternate, peticled, form various, from cordate to linear,
all are pointed, and lobate, or angular; behind a little downy.—

Stipules none, but instead thereof glands.— Peduneles axillary,

J

many-flowered.— flowers large, white—Bractes oval, concave,

falling. —Germ elevated ona large glandular body. Stigma two-
lebed.—Capsules involved in the dry calyx, absolutely four-sided,
four-celled, one-valved ; apex transparent.— Seeds reund, black, one
jn each cell, free.

Obs. The bark of the roots is by the natives employed as a pur-
gative, which they use fresb, ruabbed up with milk. About six inches
in length of a root as thick as the little finger, they reckon a coma

anon dose. Cattle do not eat the plant.

’

Additions by N. WV.

The drug which this plant yields is so excellent a substitute for
Jalap and deserves so much the attention of practitioners that I
doubt not the following account will prove acceptable. I am in-
debted for it to my highly esteemed friend Mr. G. J. Gordon, a
Surgeon on the Bengal Kstablishment and one of the Comunissioners
of the Court of Requests at Calcutta, and the trials which I have
made with the pounded root kindly communicated to me by Mr. J.
Glass at Bhaugulpore, in 1817, amply corroborate it. Lam mformed

by the last mentioned gentleman that he is in the habit of usme the
y $s 4

* fhe plant is also common about Katumanda.—N. W.

Convolvulus. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNI4, 5%

medicine very generally and with never-failing success. “‘ Convol-

vulus ‘Turpethum, is called Doodh-kulmee in Bengalee and. Hin.
doosthanee, and more commonly Feert, of which, however, there
seems to be another kind called black Teori. In Umura-Kosha
the synonymes of the white Teorr are Trivrit (from Tri, three,
and Mri, to cherish), having three seed vessels; Fripoota (from Tre
and Poota, the coatof a seed); Tribhundee (from Bhudi, to op-
pose, implying that it expels the three humors: bile, wind and
phlegm); Survaniobhaootee, Surula and Rechunece. Mr. Wilson in
his Sungskiit Dictionary gives Bhungga as a synonym, the name
commonly applied to Cannabis sativa ; also Purtpakinee (from Puri,
completely, and Puch, to ripen: acomplete ripener of the humors) ;
Mudhiara and Uroong. Inthe Umura-Kosha Nambheda I find Soo.
khibhuntee, Trikuntegand Bhootee. Atnshe’s Materia Medica of Hin-
dvosthan has Shecadu Vayr im Vamuli, Tevada Vayroo in Telinga,
and Tighara in Dukshinee, though the Persian characters in which
he writes the word make it Tikura.—We probably have the name
Turpethum from the Arabic Toorbud, which appears to be a cor-
ruption of the indigenous Sungskrit name J’rivrit. In the Ulfaz Ude-
viyeh, Niswat and Nag putr are given as Hindee, aud Kéoturdona
and Koombhura as Sungskrit synonyms. It is the square-stalked
Bind-weed of Ainslie, and Turpethum repens foliis althew, vel Ture
pethum Fodicun, Baul. Pin. 149.—It is a native of all parts of -
continental and probably of insular India also, as it is said to be
found in the Society and Friendly Isles, and the New Hebrides. It
thrives best in moist shady places, on the sides of ditches, sending
forth Iong climbing quadrangular stems, which in the rains are co-
vered with abundance of large, white, bell-shaped flowers. Both
root and stem are perennia!. The roots are long, branchiy, some-
what fleshy, and when fresh contain a milky juice which quickly har-
dens into a resinous substance, altogether soluble in spirit of wine.
The milk has a taste at first sweetish, afterwards slightly acid; the
dried root has scarcely any perceptible taste or smell. It abounds
H2

69 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA- Convolouliss.

in woody fibres, which however separate from the more resinous sub-
stance in pounding, and ought to be removed before the trituration
is completed. It is in fact in the bark of the root that all the pure
gative matter exists. The older the plant the more woody is the
bark of the root, and if attention be not paid in trituration to the
removal of the woody fibres the quality of the powder obtained must
vary in strength accordingly. Jtis probably from this circumstance
that its character for the uncertainty of its operation has arisen, which
has occasioned its disuse in Europe. An extract which may be
obtained im the proportion of one ounce to a pound of the dried root
would not be liable to that objection. Both are given in rather
arver proportion than Jalap. Like that, the power and certainty
of its operation are very much aided by the addition of Cream of
‘Partar to the powder, or of Calomel to the extract. I have found
ihe powder in this form to operate with a very small degree of tenes-
mus and very freely, producing three or four motions within two_
to four hours. Its being free from the nauseous taste and smell
of Jalap, gives it a decided superiority over that plant. Itis con.
sidered by the natives as possessing peculiar hy dragogue virtues 3
but Tbave used it with decided advantege m the first stages of
febrile affections.”

I shall conclude this subject by subjoiming the synonymes given
with the usual profussion in the celebrated Sungskrat dictionary,
Umura-Kosha, and in Bhava-prukasha and Raja-Nirghuata which,
according to Mr. Colebrooke’s testimony are among the best Hin-
doo writngs on Materia Medica, to which I will add the virtues ad-

scribed to our plant in the latter two treatises.

The white sort: Bae, Survanoodhoote, SERae Soovuha,
fae, Tipoota, fagqy Trivrita feqga, Titvitt, (qagaet, Tri-
bhundee, Staey, Rochunee, Faas}, Rechunee, qra*aqay, Ma-
luvika, Hat , Musooree, Grqrt Surula, tam ab fag tiavies

&,

Convoloulus. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIAs 61

The black sort : WT fe zt, Palzndhee, wawaT Sooshenzka, aTaT,
Kala, Rafa Peso HTBusv Urddhuchundra, at
Qa wa ; Kalumeshika, & Bt gat, Koushika.

According to the Raja-Nirghunta the Teoree is dry and hot; a
good remedy against worms ; a remover of phlegm, sweilings of the
limbs and diseases of the stomach. It also heals ulcers and 1s use-
ful in diseases of the skin. It 1s known to be one of the best pur-
gatives.”

The Bhavaprukasha has the following observation : “ The white
Teoree is cathartic, its taste pungent; it increases wind, is hot and
efficacious in removing cold and bile; it is useful in bilious fevers
and complaints of the stomach. The black sort is somewhat less
efficacious ; it is a violent purgative, is good in faintings, and dimi-

nishes the heat of the body in fevers with dilirium.”—N. W,

Sect. 2d. Twining with divided or compound leaves.

20. C. vitifolius, Willd. Sp. Pl. i. 864.

Perennial, twining, hairy. Leaves cordate, five-lobed, serrulate-
dentate. Pedzzcles as long as the leaves, from three to six-fower.
ed; leaflets of the calyx obovate.

A native of hedges and forests ; flowering in the cold season.

Stem twining, perennial, round, very hairy, two or three fathoms
long, the extremities of the branches are often highly colored, and
less hairy than the other parts.—Leaves alternate, petioled, broad.
cordate, frequently five-lobed, remotely serrate-dentate, a little dow.
ny; size very various, being from one to six inches long.— Petioles of
the longer inferior leaves equalling these in length ; those cf the floral
leaves-short.—Peduncles axillary, about as long as the oral leaves,
from three to six-flowered.— Flozers large, bell-shaped, very beauti-
ful, of a bright lively yellow.—Calyz hairy.— Anihers becoming spi-
ral after opening the extremities.—Stiema of two round lobes,

@2 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Convolvulus.

21. C. deniatus, Willd. Sp. Pl. 1. 849.
Ts wiMlng, and creeping, muricated. Leaves cordate, three-lobed,

dentate. Peduncles from two to three-flowered ; /eaflets of the ca-

Jyx obovate.
In Bengal it is more Juxuriant than on the coast, leaves generally
entire, stems, &c. generally smooth, and with longer, many- flowered
peduncles.
Teling. Talla-antoo tiga.
A native of hedges, thickets, &c. Flowering time the rainy season,
Stems and branches twining, or creeping, filiform, often perenni-
al, co loured, armed with small inoffensive prickles, otherwise smooth,
one or two fathoms long.— Leaves alternate, peticled, cordate, threes
lobed, toothed, smooth, from one to two inches Jong.— Petioles
prickly, pranch-like.— Peduncles axillary, as long as the petioles,
and like them, from two to three -flowered.— Flowers short-pedicel-
led, small, yellow.—Filaments woolly at the base.—Stigma single,

large, globular.

22. C. copticus, Willd. Sp. Pl. 1. 863.*

Herbaceous, procumbent, angled. Leaves palmate ; lobes lan-
ceolate, serrate. Flowers terminal, on minute branchlets. Calyces
murexed.

A native of pasture ground, flowering in the rains.

Stems procumbent, rarely twinmg, herbaceous, angled from the
insertion of the leaves, from one to two feet long.— Leaves alternate,
short-petioled, palmate, scarcely an inch long, lobes from five to se-
ven, divided to near the base, lanceolate, serrate, smooth, the mner
ones smallest.—Stipules like the leaves, but small, and sessile.—
Flowers terminal, small, white —Calyx murexed.— Lobes of the co-

rol semi-orbicular with a point.

® Jpomoca, Roth. Syst- Veg. iv, 208.--N. W.

Cenvoloulus. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIAe 63

23, C. peniculatus, Willd. Sp. Pl. i. 865*

Root tuberous, perennial, twining, smooth. Leaves palmate.
Cymes long-peduucled, capsules four-celled; seeds woolly.

Pal-modecea, Kheed. Mal. xi. 101.%. 49. (Exclude Modecca,
Rheed. Mat. viti. 39. t. 20.)

Ipomoea mauritiana, Jacq. Collect. iv. 206. |

Sung. The dark variety, fqzixp Vidaree, ACCA Ksheerze
shookla, SIT Ikshoogundha, a 1ZY, Kroshtree.

The pale. variety, tC faat <7, Ksheeruvidaree, HEIaaL Muhae-
shweta, yaNfaaAr, Rekshugundheka, qycpet, Varahee.

Beng. Bhoomi-koomra.

Teling. Matta-pal-tiga.

A native of hedges, thickets, &c. Flowering time the wet season +

Root perennial, tuberous.—Stems and branches perennial, young
shoots round, and smooth.— Leaves alternate, petioled; palmate,
from three to six inches each way; dobes generally five, divided little
more than’ half way down, broad-lanceolate, entire, smooth.— Pe.
duncles axillary, erect, as long as the petioles, sub-umbel-bearing,
—F lowers numerous, large, of a beautiful dark reddish purple.—
Capsules four-celled.— Seeds woolly, all round.

Obs. Cattle eat it. The root is cathartic, and as such used by

the natives where it grows.

94. C. pedatus, R.

Perennial, twining, smooth. Leaves pedate-triternate, leaflets

lanceolate, entire. Stipules filiform-pedate. Peduncles one-flowered ;
and with the calyx warted.

Native place uncertain, as it has accidentally sprung up in the
Botanic Garden amongst plants received from friends in the vir

cinity of Calcutta. The flowers appear in profusion during the

* Ipomoea, Brown Prodr. i. 286,—Syst. Veg. iv. 209.—N. W.

t I have specimens collected at Penang by Mr. Jack,—N. W-

64 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Convolvulus:

cool season; they are pretty large , of a bright sulphur colour and the

stigma is of two round lobes.

Addition by N. VW.

This plant is common about Katumanda and has been sent from
thence to this Garden in 1818, by the Hon. E. Gardner, where it
is a very slender, extensive climber, which, however, according.
to my observation is annual, blossommg and ripening its seeds
in the hot season. I have also plants raised from seeds which were
kindly communicated by Mr. Charles Fiaser, Government Garden-
er at Sydney, from the interior of New Holland ; they have not as yet
blossomed, but they appear to be precisely the same species. Stem
very slender, branched, rough with numerous small tubercles, espe-
cially its lower part.— Leaves rather remote, smooth, somewhat fle-
shy, opaque, very pale underneath, of an ovate-cordate outline, mea-
suring from two to four inches in breadth, flat, ternate, each leaflet
again three-partite, the intermediate larger, the lateral ones having
their outer divisions or lobes shorter than the rest and connate at the
base, giving the leaf a pedate appearance. ‘The /obes are entire, or
slightly repand, lanceolate, attenuate-acuminate, tapering downwards,
and decurrent on the short partial petiols.— Petiols deeply furrowed,
scabrous, equalling their leaves in length.—S/ipules consist of no-
thing else but the young, very small, sessile leaves, which have pre-
cisely the shape of the full grown ones, (as is the ease in C. copti-
cus.) — Peduncles axillary, solitary, erect, jointed and bi-bracteate
at the middle, club-shaped, fleshy, scabrous, one-, rarely three-flow-
ered.— Flowers very beautiful, of a yellow colour, purple within,
of the size and shape of the following species. Calyx of five
oblong, thick and fleshy, acute, shining, pretty smooth leaves, about
half the length of the tube——Corol/a infundibuliform, wit a cyl.
dric tube much contracted at its base; limb fiat, obscurely and

acutely’ five-lobed, minutely crenulate—Sfamens smooth, reachmg

Convolvulus. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNEA; 6s

to the middle of the tube. Stigma of two distinct globular lobes.
Capsule naked and smooth, thin, ovate, acute, four-valved, support-
ed by the withered, spreading calyx ; as large as a marrow-fat pea.—
Seeds from two to four, densely covered on all sides with a soft bright

orange-coloured villosity.— N. W.

25. C. digitatus, R.

Perennial, twining, spinulous. Leaves digitate. Peduncles from
three to four-flowered. Corols almost funnel-shaped. Stigmas of
two round lobes. Seeds wooily on the convex side.

A native of hedges, &c. Flowering time the cold season.

Stems and branches twining, perennial, round, with here and there
a few small inoffensive prickles.— Leaves alternate, petioled, digitate.
Leaflets generally five, broad lanceolate, entire, smooth, the inferior
ones smallest.— Petioles channelled, armed as the branches, as long.
as the leaflets. — Peduncles axillary, about as long as the petioles, from
three to four-flowered.— flowers pretty large, between campanulate
and funnel-formed, a pale bluish purple. Sézgma two-lobed.—Seeds
woolly on their outer angles.

Obs. This is one of the most beautiful Conzolvult in India.*

26. C. hirsutus, R.+

Annual, twining, extremely hirsute. Leaves digitate ; leaflets
five, sessile, broad-lanceolate, entire. Peduncies from one to three-
flowered. Calyx very hairy, entirely biding, until ripe, the cordate,.
smooth, four-celled capsule.

A native of the interior parts of Hindoosthan; flowering time the
close of the rains, and cold season.

Stem and branches annual, twining, very hirsute; hairs somewhat.

* It comes very near to C. duberculatus, Desrouss. in Lam. Encycl. Bot. iii, 545 5
Ipomoea, Syst. Veg. iv. 208.—N. W.

+ This must not be confonuded with C, hirsutus.of Marschalla Diberstein.—
Syst. Veg. iy. p. 266. et 790.—N- W-
J

G6 PENTANDRIA M@NOGYNIA. Convoloulus.

Dristly, issuing from litde brown glands; general extent of the
plant from six to twelve feet.— Leaves petioled, digitate. Leaflets
five, sessile, lanceolar, acute, entire, hairy, about three inches long
by one broad.—Petzoles round, as long as the leaflets, hirsute.—
Peduncles axillary, sometimes as long as the petioles, hirsute, bearing
from one to three, rarely more, middle-sized, pure white flowers, on
long hirsute, proper pedicels.— Bractes at the base of the pedicels
only, sub-lanceolate, recurved, hairy.— Leaflets of the calyx oblong, .
permanent; the exterior three large, and extremely hirsute.—Corol
campanulate, white; ¢wbe as long as the calyx.—Stamens smooth.—
Stigma of two round lobes.—Capsule broad-cordate ; valves thin,
and smooth on both sides.—Seeds three or four, smooth,

27. €. heptaphyllus, R.

Perennial, twining, smooth. Leaves digitate ; leaflets seven, lan-
ceolar, entire. — Peduncles filiform, spiral, pendulous, one-, rarely
three-flowered.

Of what part of India this is a native I cannot certainly say. It
has appeared in one of the nurseries in the Botanic Garden at Cal-
cutta. ‘The seed was most likely received accidentally with some
other sorts., Here it flowers during the latter part of the rains, and
cold season. q

Stems and branches twining, perennial, long, slender, round and
smooth.— Leaves petioled, digitate; /eafiets generally seven, sessile,
lanceolar, entire, smooth; frem one to two inches long.— Petioles
slightly channelled, length of the leaflets.—Peduncles axillary, soli-
tary, very slender (filiform) twisted, pendulous, longer than the peti-
oles, generally one-flowered, rarely two or three, though three seems
the natural number, and the two lateral ones for the most part, prove
abortive.—Bractes few, and minute,—Ca/yz ; leaflets ovate, rugose
on the outsides.—Corol small, pale pink, with the bottom of the
pel! deeper coloured.— Stigma of two round lobes. "

Obs. A beautiful, delicate, though extensive plant, and uncom

Convoloulus. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 67

monly interesting on account of its slender, pendulous, spiral pe-
duncles, with its pretty, small, pink flowers, standing erect on its

thickened, curved apex.

Sect. 3d. Prostrate, or creeping ; not twining.

98. C. reniformis, R.

Perennial, very ramous, and creeping close on the ground!
Leaves reniform, emarginate, long-petioled. Peduncles many-flow-
ered. Inner three leaflets of the calyx two-lobed, and ciliate.
Lobes of the corol bifid.

A native of Bengal. Flowering time the cool season. Burman’s
figure of Evolvulus emarginatus, flora indica, 77. t. 30. f. i, is very
much like this ; if the flowers were more numerous, and their petioles
longer, 1 should consider them the same ; they ought to be compared,
when an opportunity offers.

Stems and branches numerous, always creeping flat on the ground,
and striking innumerable roots from the jomts, smoeth, and slender
as a pack-thread.— Leaves long-petioled, reniform, emarginate, and
often slightly scallop-toothed, smooth; size very various ; often ofa
dark ferruginous colour.— Petioles longer than the leaves, smooth.
—Peduncles axillary, much shorter than the petioles, many-flower-
ed.— lowers sub-sessile, very small, bright yellow, opening late in the
forenoon, and shutting early im the evening.—Calyx, the two ex-
terior leaflets smaller, oblong, and pointed; the inner three broad,
wedge-shaped, with a ciliate, two-lobed apex.—Corol with its five
lobes deeply divided.— Lv/aments smooth,—Stigma two-lobed ; lobes
roundish.—Capsule round, size of a small pea, rather longer than the
calyx, tomentose, two-celled.—Seeds light brown, minutely dotted.

Obs. In some soils it is found entirely of a dark-purple or ferrus

ginous colour,
i 2

6$ PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Convo'vulus,

90. C. flagelliformis, R.*

Perennial, creepmg. Leaves reniform, cuspidate, smooth, with
two glands at the base. Peduncles from three to five-flowered.
Calyx transversely rugose. Stigma transversely oval, somewhat two-
Jobed.

Bel-Adamboe, Rheed. Mal. xi. p. 119. t. 58. may be this plant
though in some respects they will be found to differ a little.

Ipomoea repens, Lamarck allust.i. 467.

A native of the Mysore country, from thence the seeds were sent
by Dr. B. Heyne to the Botanic Garden, where the plants thrive
juxuriantly, and are in blossom most part of the year.

Stem and branches creeping, perennial, long, simple, slender, and
smooth.—— Leaves reniform, or cordate-reniform, with a small termi-
nal bristle for a point, smooth on both sides, and, as in-C. brasilien-
sis, having two glands on the underside of the base; breadth from
two to three inches, and the length considerably less-—Fetioles as
long as the leaves, channelled, swelled at the insertion, and there
marked with some glandular knobs.— Peduneles axillary, solitary, larg-
er than the petioles, round, smooth, bearing from three to six, large,
-pure white flowers.— Leaflets of the calyx ovate, fleshy; outside trans-

-versely rugose.—Stioma of one, transversely oval, large lobe.—Cap-
-sule with generally four, light brown, smooth seeds.

30. C. repens, Willd. Sp. Pl. i. 874.+

Annual, creeping, or floating, piped, smooth. Leaves oblong-
cordate, posterior lobes angular. Peduncles shorter than the pe-
tioles, from three to six-flowered. Coro/ sub-infundibuliform.

Balle), Rheed. Mal. xi. p. 107. t. 52.
/ <
‘Olus-vagum, Rumph. Amb.v. 419. t..155. f. 1.
* Ipomoea Beledamboe, Syst. Veg. iv. 223.—N. W.

+ Ipomoea, Syst. Veg- 1, c. 244. No doubt Loureiro’s C. reptans,—N. W.

Convolvulue. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 69

C. reptans, Willd. Sp. Pi. i. 875, is probably this plant, or a va-
‘riety of it. :

Sung. Maeqt, Kulumbee.

Beng. Kulmi-shak.

Teling. Tootie-kura.

A native of standing sweet water, or places where water lately
stood, very common.

Stems creeping, or floating on the water, annual, or biennial,
round, piped, jointed, smooth, many fathoms long.—Leaves alter-
nate, long-petioled, oblong-cordate, pointed, entire, smooth, from
four to six inches long.—Peduncles axillary, erect, round, smooth,
from three to six-flowered.—F lowers large, beautiful rose colour;
lobes triangular. Tube of the corol between beli and funnel form.
Base of the filaments woolly.—Stigma two-headed.

Obs. The tender tops, and leaves are eaten in stews by all ranks

of the natives and much esteemed.

31.C. Batatas, Willd. Sp. Pl. i. 853*

Root tuberous. Stems creeping, rarely twining. Leaves cordate,
angle-lobed. Peduncle many-flowered. Stigma of the calyx oblong,
smooth, acute. .

Sung. caAlawre, Ruktupindaloo, Cave, Ruktaloo, caUIRA,
Ruktupinduka, St fea, Lohita, cA, Rukta-kunda, aiteate,
Lohitaloo.

Beng. Lal-shukur-kunda-aloo, the red variety ; and Suffet-shukur«
kunda-aloo, the white.

Kappa-kelengu, Rheed. Mal. vii. 95. t. 50.

The red sort is in very general cultivation all over the warmer
parts of Asia and very deservedly esteemed one of their most palata-
ble and nutritious roots. I suspect C. edulis, Thunb. japan. $4, is
the same or a variety.

* Spomoca, Syst. Vex. iv. 218.—N, W.

70 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA? Convolvulus:

32. C. cespitosus, R.

Anoual, or, biennial, creeping. Leaves linear-lanceolate, smooth.
Peduncles lounger than the petioles, from one- to~- four-flowered.
Calyx smooth. Capsules one-celled, four-seeded.

A native of the dry lands of Dinagepore and Rungpore, from
thence the seeds were sent, by Dr. Carey, to the Botanic Garden at
Calcutta, where they blossom during the cold season.*

Root generally annual, though sometimes biennial.—S¢em; I cannot
say there is any thing like one, but numerous, slender, round, ces-
pitose, somewhat villous, and, in some parts, even hairy branches,
spread close on the earth, and strike root; length of the larger
branches from one to three feet.— Leaves petioled, linear-lanceolate,
smooth, entire, from two to three inches long, and less than half
an inch broad.—Petioles clothed with long, soft, brown hairs.— Pe-
duncle axillary, longer than the petioles, hairy near the base, bear.
ing from one to four, small, very pale-yellow flowers, but when
one, or two, these are accompanied with the rudiment of one or two
more, and some small, cordate, smooth bractes.—Calyx ; leaflets
oval, equal, smooth, concave, with callous, smooth, dark green
margins.— St7gma of two round lobes.—Capsules globular, smooth,

size of a pea, one-celled, four-seeded.—Seed smooth, deep brown.

33. C. (Ipom?) Rheedii, Wall.

Stems perennial? creeping, together with the leaves thinly beset
with reflexed hairs ; /eaves remote, short-petioled, lanceolate-oblong;
the lowermost ovate-oblong ; retuse with a small point; peduncles
axillary, nearly as long as the leaves, from one to three-flowered, the
exterior leaves of the calyyx very large, ovate-cordate, scariose, con+

cealing the interior linear-lanceolate ones.
Ben-tiru-tali, Rheed. Mal. iu. 111. t. 54,

“Thave had specimens of this as also of C. blandus (see p. 50), from Penang;
where they had been gathered by my ‘viend Mx. Jack.—b. W,

Convrolvulus, PENTANDRYA MONOGYNIA. TL

A native of Silhet and Nepala, blossoming in November and De-
cember.

Stems slender, divided into a few branches, prostrate on the
ground, striking roots as they lengthen; their upper ends seem to
have a tendency to climb.—Leaves from two to four inches long,
varying considerably in figure, from linear-oblong to cuneate, mostly
acute at the base with a very few hairs.— Petiol about half an inch
Jong.—Peduncles hairy, round, above the middle with two opposite
linear very small bractes ; mostly one-flowered, sometimes divided at
the apex into two or three generally barren, short pedicels, each with a
pair of minute bractes at the middle.—Calyax scariose, reticulated,
consisting of five very unequal leaves: the two outermost opposite,
nearly equal, ovate, more than half an inch long, their cordate base
adnate, unequal, with somewhat recurved lobes; the third between
these, nearly equalling them in length, but much narrower, dimidiate-
cordate, sub-falcate ; the two innermost small, alternating with the
outer leaves, lanceolate, villous.—Corolla white, campanulate, pubes
scent, with villous plicatures, obscurely five-lobed, scarcely twice the
length of the calyx ; tube very short.—Stamina hairy, inserted within
the tube, decurrent, short ; anthers sub-cordate.— Ovarium 2-locular,
4-sporous.—Style as long as the stamina; stigma fleshy, two-lobed.
—Capsule about half the size of the permanent calyx, 4-valved ;
4-seeded. Seeds oval, triangular, smocth.

Obs. My plant certainly is very like C. uniflorus, Burm. Ind. 47,
t. 21.f. 2. which appears to be a species of Calyslegia as has
beew remaked by the editors of Syst. Veg. iv. 248. (under Lpomoea).
Independently of its wanting the large calycine bractes, the leaves

are broader than those figured by Burman.—N, W.

34. C. stipulaceus, R. ;

Creeping, smooth, with apices twining. Leaves cordate-sagit-
tate, with lobesrepand. Stzpules recurved. Peduncles many-flowered.
Calyx smooth, Lobes of the corol obcordate. Seed woolly,

79 PENTANDSTA MONOGYNIA. Convolvuluss

‘

A native of Chittagong, sent from thence by Mr. W. Roxburgh
to the Botanic Garden at Calcutta, where it flowers about the begin-
ning of the hot season. ;

Root perennial.—Slem and branches creeping, round, smooth,
extremities twining ; Jength from one to two fathoms, or even more,
Leaves petioled, cordate-sagittate, with posterior lobes (barbs) often
repand, smooth on both sides, point rather obtuse, with a minute
bristle; Jength from two to three inches.—FPedioles channelled,
from one to two inches long.—S/zpules two, stout, mofiensive, re-
curved, acute, at the base of the petiole.— Peduncles axillary, solitary,
about as long as the petioles, round, smooth, somewhat clavate,
bearing from three to six or even more, large, pure white flowers,—
Pedicels clavate, shorter than the peduncles, round, smooth.—Calya ;
leaflets ovate, equal, concave, smooth, and somewhat transparent.
—Corol, lobes of the border large, obcordate.— Nectary a pentago-
nal cup surrounding the base of the germ.—Style much longer than’
the stamens. S¢tzgma of two round icbes.—Capsule ovate, smooth,

—Seed covered with much soft, deep olive-coloured wool.

35. C. pentagonous, R.

Perennia), angular, creeping. Leaves cordate-sagittate, with
the posterior lobes rounded, but somewhat angular. Pedunecles
rigid, umbelliferous ; calyx smooth. Lobes of the corol circular.
Seeds hairy.

A native of the Moluccas; and from thence introduced into the
Boianic Garden at Caicuita in 1800; whereit blossoms during the
cold and hot seasons.

ficot perennial.—Stems and branches creeping, pentangular ;
young parts villous, aud sometimes twining, though not readily 5
length of the whole plant from two to three fathoms.—Leaves pe-
tioled, the lower ones broad-cordate-sagittate ; the superior ones nar-
row-sagittate; in all the posterior lobes are large, and rounded,

Wough Srequently a little angular; margins generally entire; both sides

i \

Convolvulus. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 7%.

very villous ; /ength from one to four inches.—Petioles scarcely half
the leneth of the leaves, channelled, villous, at the base swelled on
each side into two glandular, stipulary knobs.— Pedunecles axillary,
solitary, erect, rigid, clavate, villous, about as long as the petioles,
supporting a trichotomous, corymbiform umbel, of many, pretty
large, pure white, inodorous flowers.— Pedicels shorter than the pe-
duncles, but like them clavate, and villous.—Bractes many, cadu-
cous, and of various sizes._—Calyx ; leaflets oval, concave, slightly
villous, much shorter than the tube of the corol.—Corol per-
fectly campanulate. Border divided into five semi-circular jobes.—

Stamina hid in the tube.—Style about as long as the stamens, of

_two round lobes.—Seed dark-brewnish black, and covered with

much soft hair, of the same colour. -

36. C. bilobatus, R.*

Perennial, creeping. Leaves two-lobed, smooth. Peduncles from
three- to six-flowered. Lobes of the stigma round. Seed woolly.

Convolvulus marinus, Rumph. Amb. v. 433. é. 159. fi 1.

A native of the Moluccas, from whence the roots were brought
to the Botanic Garden at Calcutta, amongst the earth in which some
spice plants came. ‘They blossom during the hot season.

Stems and branches creeping, perennial, striking root at the joints
chiefly; young shoots smooth, polished, pale green; length from
one to three fathoms.— Leaves, petioles erect, two-lobed, or of a
deeply emarginate, round,, obcordate shape, margins entire, and
very smooth on both sides, about three inches long, by two and a
half broad.— Petioles round, slightly channelled, smooth, with two
very conspicuous reddish glands at the apex.—Peduncles axillary,
erect, slender, and longer than the petioles; bearing from one to se.

ven, or even nine, large, purple flowers on their proper, clavate,
* Ipomoea maritima, Brown. Prodr, i. 486.—Syst. Veg, iv. 249,—Cony, mariiimug,
Desrousseaux, in Lam. Encycl- Bot. iii, p.550.—B). W.
J

7% PENTANDRIA MONOGYNEA. Convoloulus,.

striated, pedicels.—Calyw ; leaflets. ovate, somewhat three-ribbed,
and: transversely rugose.—Nectary, a glandular ring round the base
of the germ.— Filaments enlarged, woolly at the base.— Stigma of
two round lobes.—Capsules vertically compressed, smooth, lined
with a tough pellicle—Seed clothed with much, soft, short, dark
brown hair.

Obs. A variety, if nof a distinct species has been reared in this
Garden, from seed received from China. It flowers in April and
May ; the peduncles one-flowered, the leaflets of the calyx scarce-
ly rugose, with subulate points; when wounded milky. In size,

colour of the fiowers, leaves, &c. they are same.

37. C. Pes-capre, Willd. Sp. Pl. 1. 876.*

Perennial, creeping to agreatextent. Leaves long-petioled, two-
lobed, smooth, at the base two glands. Peduncles axillary, solitary,
one or two-flowered.

Beng. Chhagul-khooree.

Find. Dopati-luta.

Schovanna-Adamboe, Rheed. Mal. xi. 117. t. 57.

A. native of the sandy shores of India; where it blossoms and ri-
pelis its seed most part of the year,

Siems perennial, columnar, and smooth, never twining, but creeping
to a very great extent over the sandy shores of the sea coasts, where,
the plant is chieAy found.— Leaves long-petioled, deeply two-lobed,
smooth, with two large coloured glands at the base. —Peduncles axil-
Jary, solitary, length of the leaves, generally one or two-flowered.—
Flowers large, red-purple.—Calyx ; leaflets oblong, acute, trans-
versely rugose on the out side toward the base.— Sttgma of two round
lobes.— Seeds densely clothed with a dark brown, plush-like pube«
_ BCeNCE.

* 1, maritima, Brown et Syst. Veg, |. cit.—C. maritinus 2, Desrousseaus, 1. cit.
nN. W.

‘Lettsomia: PENTANDRIA MONOG-YNIA- 5

Obs. This plant is very useful where it naturally grows, helping
‘to bind the loose sand, and in time render it sufficiently stable to
bear grass. Goats, horses, and rabbits eat it.

LETTSOMIA, R.

Calyx five-leaved ; corol from campanulate ‘to infundibuliform.
Germ two-celled. Stigma two-lobed. Berry dry or succulent,
two-celled, cel/s one or two-seeded. Lmbryo erect, curved ; cotyle-
dons corrugated.

In honour of John Coakley Lettsom, M. D. F. S.A. author of
‘numerous valuable works which more than prove him fully entitled
to this mark of respect.

The genus is composed of very powerful, extensive, twining, pe-
rennial, lactescent plants; with simple leaves and axillary infos

rescence.

Secé. 1st. Corol campanulate.

3. L. splendens, R.

Perennial, twining. Leaves cordate.oblong, parallel, veined, seri-
‘ceous underneath. Corymbs axillary. Berry highly coloured and
embraced by the permanent crimson calyx.

A most beautiful plant, rar exceeding every other species I have
yet met with; a native of Chittagong, where it blossoms and ripens

its seeds at various times of the year.
Addition by N. W.
The stately species, climbs over trees of considerable size, co-

vering them, especially during the rainy season with its elegant
J 2

v6 _ PENTANDRIA MONOGYNTA. _ Leilsontia:

foliage, beautifully contrasting with the profuse, pale, pink-coloured
Alowers.— The stem of the largest individual in the Botanic Garden
measures upwards of sixteen inches in circumference, and is covered
with uneven ash-coloured bark. Branches perfectly round, very long
and slender, together with the petiols and peduncles covered with soft,
white, adpressed hairs.— Leaves ovate, most entire, cuspidate-acumi-
nate, slightly cordate at the base, from six to eight inches long,
*perfectly smooth, opaque, and of adeep green colour above ; densely
‘covered underneath with copious, adpressed, silky hairs, which give
the surface a most splendent appearance, rib very prominent, sending
forth numerous approximate, sub-transversal, entire nerves ; veins fesv.
‘The young leaves are somewhat ovate-oblong.— Petiol thick, round,
obscurely furrewed above, about one-third the length of its leaf;
its upper end slightly compressed, with an oval dark-coloured glan-
“dular depression on each side, immediately above the base of the
* Jeaf.— Flowers large, in axillary, and terminal, long-peduncled, once
or twice trichotomous, hoary corymbs.— Peduncles round, one-third
shorter than the leaves, erect ; pedicels short, with a pair of ovate
obtuse deciduous bractes at the middle.—Ca/yx ovate, hoary, con-
sisting of five oval obtuse leaves.—Coro/ campanulate, about two
inches long, hairy on the outside, the plicatures as well as the inner
surface smooth ; /imb short, with five retuse lobes. —Stamens short,
unequal, their bases villous.—Stzgma in the mouth of the corol two-
lobed, round.— Berry of the size of a large pea, round, of a scarlet
colour, pointed with the remaining base of the style, perfectly
smooth, smaller than the leathery concave spreading round leaves of
the permanent calyx which is hoary without and crimson, smooth

within.—Integument thin, dry.—Seeds four, triangular, smooth,—

aN AN

2. L. agerecata, RK.
Perennial, twining. Leaves cordate, woolly underneath. Pedun= -

Lettsomia. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. op

cles axillary, supporting four sessile heads of involucred flowers.
Stamina, and style much longer than the corol. Berry four-seeded.

Teling. Yerra-kutha.

A native of various parts of the coast of Coromandel. Flowering
time the cool season ; seed ripe in March and April.

Stems ligneous, twining to a great extent; young shoots round,

clothed with soft, white pubescence; and discharging a milky juice

when wounded.— Leaves petioled, round-cordate, entire, smooth

above, woolly underneath ; from three to six inches long, and from

two to five broad,—Peduneles axillary, generally solitary, longer
than the petioles, round, woolly; each supporting an umbellet of
four, cruciform, sessile heads of small, pink-coloured, sessile flowers
with a single sessile one in the centre; surrounded with several,
roundish woolly bractes, (involucres,) with imcurved margins.—
Calyx, leaflets unequal, cuneiform, woolly on the outside.—Corol
campanulate. Border deeply cut into five, emarginate lobes.—Sta-
mina much longer than the corol, and of the same colour.—Germ
surrounded with a particularly large, yellow, nectarial ring. Style
as long as the stamina. Sfzgma of two, large, round lobes.— Berry
round, covered with a soft, tough, smooth, fleshy, bright-red enve-
lope, about the size of a marrow-fat pea, two-celled, with two seeds
in each, when all come to maturity. The remaining calyx is now en-
larged, and clothed on the out side with sericeous down, while the
smooth bright red, immer surface thereof adds much to the beauty of

_ this elegant species when in fruit.—Seeds smooth, pale ash-colour-

ed. Embryo as in the genus.*

* J have had this distinct species from my highly respected friend the Rey. Dr.
J. Rottler under the name of Conv. orixensis, Klein et Rottl. who found the plant in
Orissa, Ceylon, avd Mysore. The following is the specilic character attached to the
specimens ‘* Caule non volubili cinereo-tomentoso ; foliis cordata-ovatis, obtasis cum
acumine, Dervosis, subtus civerco-tomentosis supra viridibns, floribus pameulatis,”~
N. W.

-

7S PENTANDRIA MONGGYNIA! Letisomia}

S. L. nertosa, R.*

Shrubby, twining to a great extent. Leaves broad-cordate, seri«
ceous underneath, veins parallel, Peduncles longer than the petioles,
umbelliferous. Sizgma round, of two lobes. Capsules one-valved,
one-celled.

Convolvulus nervous. Burm. Ind. 48. t. 20. f. 1.

Samudra-stjogam, Rheed. Mal. xi. 125. tab. 61.

Sung. SHatzqQ, Virddbudaruka; seeyxay, Vriddhudarooka’s
ata, Rekshugundia ; SNarat, Chhuzulantree ; smaqr haat,
Chhugulantrzka; BU atgt, Chhugulanghree; BAaaqT, Chhugula;
say Untree; BIqrtt, Avezee; BT, Joonga; stat, Joonga;
=a awa, Joonguka; ataatas, Deerghuvalooka ; gaatecsat,
Vriddhukoturujoongee ; watat. Ujantree.

Beng. Bis-taruka.

Teling. Kokayte-

AA native of forests, hedges, &c. itis one of the largest species
of the Convelvulacea I know. Flowering time the wet and cold
seasons.

Siems twining, woody, of a very great lencth, running over the
highest trees ; young parts covered with white silky down. — Leaves
petioied, broad-cordate, entire; many large, distinct, opposite nerves
running parallel; the upper side pretty smooth, the under side covered
with much soft, white, silky hair; from four to twelve inches each
way.— Petioles shorter than the leaves, tapering, round; at the apex
on each side is a large, flat, scabrous, dark coloured gland.— Pedun-
cles axillary, like the petioles, but longer, bearing an erect-umbell,
of many flowers.—I lowers large, of a deep rose-colour.—Bracies
many, large, oval, white, waved, pomted, caducous. Stigma two,
globular.— Berry globular, smooth, entire, not opening in a regular
manner, but crumbling to pieces.

* C. speciosus, Smith, Je. pict. 17.(Syst. Veg. I. cit. 239, sub Ipomoea) notwith-

standing (as Dr. Roxburgh remarks in a manuscript note) the pointed lobes of the
corolla and stigma as represented in the figure.—N. W,

bg

‘Lettsomia. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIAs 79

Obs. Seeds received from England, sent to me by the late Ho-
nourable Charles Greville, under the name Convolyulus speciosus,
produced this identical plant. Stigma, &c. &c. perfectly the same
as in the original Bengal plant.

4. L. argentea, RB.

Perennial, twining. Leaves cordate, parallel-vemed, sericeoug
underneath. Peduncles, as long as the petioles, leafy ; dractes lanceo=
late, sericeous.

Found in forests about Calcutta. I never saw it on the coast of
Coromandel.

Beng. Sumoodra-shoka, chhota Bistaruka.

Stems twining, perennial.— Leaves petioled, broad-cordate, entire,
with many parallel veins,as in C. nervosa ; the upper side pale green,
with depressed hairs, the under side covered with much bright, sil-
ver-coloured, silky down; about four inches long each way.—Pe-
tioles erect, round, hairy, length of the leaves ; at the apex on each
side is a green gland, as in ©. nervosus.—Peduneles axillary, erect,
round, hairy, umbel-bearing.—Bractes lanceolate, silky.—Ilowers
many, large, of a beautiful rich pink-colour.— Nectary, a fleshy ring
round the base of the germ.—Stamens, base of the filaments woolly.—
Berry soft, and pulpy, four-seeded.

Obs. The following marks distinguish this species from nervosa,
to which it is nearly allied :

Ist. The leaf-bearing umbel.

ad. The bractes. In this species they are lanceolate and not
waved, in that oval and much waved.

3d. The flewers of this species are larger, and the leaves much
smaller than in that.

4th. Here the veins are few, and alternate, there many, large and
opposite.

Sth. This produces a soft Berry, that a perfectly dry capsule,

80 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIAs Lettsomia.

5. L. setosu, k.*

Perennial, twining, tender parts armed with adpressed bristles.
Leaves round-cordate, acuminate, parallel-veined, scaly underneath.
Peduncles panicled. Corcls, exactly campanulate, with a small, sub-
eptire border, Berry hid im the large, fleshy calyx.

A native of the northern Circars. | Flowering time the cool dry
months of December and January.

Stems ligneous, twining, | Branches numerous; young shoots.

clothed with stiff, short, silvery, adpressed bristles.— Leaves petioled,

round-cordate, entire, acuminate; veiis parallel, elevated, and sim-
ple; the upper surface smooth, deep green, the under one Whitish,..
with numerous minute, pellucid scales, and a few remote, adpressed,
stiff hairs; from two to eight inches long, and nearly the same in
breadth.—Petioles considerably shorter than the leaves, bristly —
Panicles axillary, solitary, long-peduncled, corymbiform. Pedun-
cles and ramifications whitish, with numerous, adpressed, whitish
bristles —*lowers numerous, pretty large, sessile on the ramifi-
cations of the panicle, pmk-coloured.—Bractes several round the
base of each calyx, like a calycle, oval, concave, rigid, bristly. —Calyzr >
leaflets oval, obtuse, nearly equal, permanent ; the outside bristly. —
Tube of the corol exactly campanulate, the outside somewhat bristly.
Border almost entire, spreading.—Germ, the lower half invested in
a large yellow ring. Style about as long as the stamina. Stigma of
two round lobes.— Berry ovate, smooth, shining red, hid within the
leaflets of the permanent calyx.

6. L. strigosa, R.+

Perennial, twining, every part covered with harsh brown hairs.
Leaves cordate, entire, with many parallel nerves. Peduncles elon-
gated. Flowers aggregate.

* I. strigosa, Roth. in Syst. Veg. 1. cit. 242?—N. W.

+ Conv. cupitutus, Vahl, Symb. iil- 28, (Ipom- Syst. Veg. J, cit. 238) may perliaps be
this species.—N. W.

Lettsomia. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Si

A native of the eastern part of Bengal, and from thence sent to
the Botanic Garden at Calcutta, by Dr. Buchanan. Blossoms
about the close of the rains.

Stem woody, twining up, and over high trees, Bark rough,
young shoots very hairy.— Leaves alternate, petioled, cordate, entire,
nerves many, and parallel, very hairy on both sides ; from four to
six inches long, and three or four broad.— Peduncles axillary, round,
hairy, longer than the petioles, each supporting a few large, sessile,
rose-coloured, campanulate flowers, surrounded with many broad=
lanceolate, hairy bractes.—Sfigma of two, large, globular lobes.

7. Ls. cuneata, R.

Perennial, twining. Leaves cuneate-emarginate ; villous under-.
neath. Peduncles three-flowered, much shorter than the leayes.

Convolvulus cuneatus. Willd. Spec. i. 873.

Some plants of this uncommonly elegant species, were brought
from the Mysore country, by general Martin in 1792, He gave
one of them to the Botanic Garden at Calcutta, which has been
multiplied by layers, and blossoms about the close of the rains in,
September, and October. Tu

Stems woody, twining, of very considerable extent. Bark smooth
dark grey. Young shoots covered with short depressed hairs.—~ Leaves.
alternate, short-petioled, cuneate, cmarginate, entire, smooth above,
a little hairy underneath ; general length about two inches.—Pe-
duncles axillary, solitary, three-flowered, round, villous, about three
quarters of an inch long—FPedicels shorter than the peduncles,
always consisting of an opposite incurved pair, with a solitary short.
er one in the centre.— Bractes linear.—Calyz, leaflets ovate, a little
villous.—Corol large, of a beautiful deep bright purple colour. Tube
ample; the five-lobes of the border emarginate, which makes the
whole appear ten-lobed. Nectary, a fleshy ring round the base of the
germ.— filaments broad, and hairy, atthe base.—Stigma of twa.
round heads.— Berry oblong, dry, one-celled.— Seeds from one to
four, immersed in a little dry farinaceous matter.

K

-

SA. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Leitsomia.

Obs. This, when in blossom, is one of the most beautiful of the
whole order; the large, very bright, deep purple flowers make it
particularly conspicuous amongst its own deep green leayes, and
this is much augmented by making it run over any other stout plant
with dense deep green foliage.

Note by N. W.

T cannot help thinking that Dr. Sims’s Ipomoea atrosanguinea,
Bot. Mag. xlvii. 2071, is this identical plant, notwithstanding its
erect stem and one-flowered peduncles. ‘The figure certainly in-
dicates a tendency to become climbing.—Itis to be regretted that
this charming shrub very rarely produces ripe seeds ; at least I have
been unable to obtain a single one either in the botanic garden or
in any other; it 1s even difficult to propagate it by layers.

8. L. cymosa, BR. ;
Perennial, twining. Leaves round, reniform-cordate. Feduncles

larger than the leaves. Sowers many, in an involucred, dense cyme.
Berry globular.

An extensive, stout, perennial, twining plant, a native of the Ma-
labar mountains ; from Wynaad the seeds were sent, by Captain
Dickenson, to the Botanic Garden at Calcutta, where the plant
flowers during the cold season. ‘The seeds ripen four or five months
afterwards. |

Stem and larger branches woody, twining, young shoots villous.
Leaves round, reniform-cordate, villous; from three to four inches
long and from three to five broad.—Peduncles axillary, solitary,
generally longer than the leaves, each supporting a yellowish, dense
cyme of many sub-sessile, large, pale pink flowers; embraced by
one or more unequal small leaves, the largest of which are shaped
like the other leaves, and peduncled ; the smaller ones nearly round,
and sessile, Calyx, the exterior leaflets nearly round; the inner

‘

Lettsomia. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, $3

ones ovate-oblong; all are more or less recurved, and villous.—Co-
rol sub-infundibuliform, the outside villous, Style much longer
than the stamens. Stigma of two round, bright purple lobes. —
Berry smooth, yellow, soft, pulpy, round, size of a small cherry;
with from one to four, smooth, white seeds.—Seeds and embryo as
in other convolvulacee, viz. a descending radicle with the lobes irre-
gularly folded, and invested, while fresh, in something like a thin
perisperm. :

9. L. pomacea, R.

Perennial, twining. Leaves round-cordate, emarginate. Peduncles
dichotomous, from three to five, or seven-flowered. Bractes cu-
neate. Berry succulent, four-seeded.

Ipomoea zeylanica. Gart. carp. il, 482. t. 178.

A native of Mysore, from thence the seeds were sent by Dr. Bu-
chanan to the Botanic Garden, where the plants thrive well, and
blossom during the hot and rainy seasons; the seeds ripen about
eight months afterwards.

Stems twining, ligneous, as thick as a man’s arm; young paris co-
vered with tolerably smooth, ash-coloured bark. Branches numé-
rous, twining, very extensive; young shoots clothed with short, white
depressed hairs.— Leaves petioled, round-coidate, with the margin
waved, emarginate, both sides clothed with short hair; veins almost
simple and parallel; length from two to four inches, the breadth
nearly equal to the length.— Petzo/es round, shorter than the leaves,
hairy; an obscure green gland on each side of the apex.— Peduneles
axillary, solitary, longer than the petioles, round, hairy, dichotomous ;
each division bearing one, two, or three large rose-coloured flowers,
with one in the fork.—Bractes several, cuneate, hairy.—Calyax;
leaflets ovel, obtuse.—Corol, tube somewhat gibbous, a little hairy
on the outside.—Stigma of two round lobes.— Berry spherical,
smooth, size of a cherry, when ripe yellow, consisting of soft yellow
pulp, containing four large roundish, smooth white seeds.

K2

a4 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Lettsomia.

Sect. 2d. Corol infundibuliform.

10. L. bona-noz, R.

Perennial, twining. Leaves, round cordate. Peduncles three-
flowered, stigma of two cylindric lobes. Berry dry, ovate-oblong,
one-celled, from one to four-seeded. 3

Beng. Kulmi-luta.

~

Clove-scented creeper, Astat. Res. iv. 257.
- Midnapore creeper, its common English name.

Tpomoea bona-nox, Gert. carp. 11.247. t. 134, agrees better with
the seed vessel of convolvulus nervosus, Burm. than of this species.

A native of the forests of Midnapore in Bengal; flowers during
the rains. Seed ripe in November, December, and January.

Stem stout, in old plants as thick as a man’s arm, covered with
spongy, cracked, dull ash-coloured bark.’ Branches and branchlets
twinieg up and over large trees, to a great extent; tender shoots
somewhat hairy.—Leaves long-petioled, round, and round-cordate,
entire, bristle-pointed, though obtuse, or even emarginate; some-
what villous, particularly underneath, and there, while young, hoary ;
length from three to six inches ; breadth aearly the same.—Petioles
of various length, round, villous, with a dark-coloured gland on each
side of the apex.— Peduncles axillary, solitary, generally shorter than
the petioles, three-flowered, though frequently one of the three, or
even two of them, are aburtive.—Fvowers short-pedicelled, large,
pure white, expanding at sun set, and perfuming the air to a consi-
derable distance with a fragrance resembling that of the finest cloves.
In fact it is the Prince of the Convolvulacee.— Bractes sub-lanceo-
late, three to each of the lateral Howers.—Calycinre leaflets ovate-cor-
date, obtuse, alittle hairv.-—Corol; Tube cyimdric. Border ample
and nearly entire~ Filaments woolly at the base.— Germ surrounded
with a yellow nectarial ring, ovate, four-celled, with one ovudum in
each cell, attached to its lower, inner, angle. Stigma composed of
two distinct, cylindric, glandular lobes.—Berry dry, smooth, shin-

Letisomia. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 85

ing-brown, ovate-oblong in our cultivated plants ; somewhat point-
ed, size of a filbert, one-celled._-Seeds from one to four; in our
gardens one is by far the most common number; enveloped in
a soft, white, spongy substance, which in drying separates from
the inside of the pericarpium and adheres to the seed; which is of an
oval shape, and about the size of a small pea. Integuments two,
besides the exterior spongy latina; the erteriar one bard and tough;
the iwferior one membranaceous, and entering the folds of the cotyle-
dons.—Embryo as in the other convolvulacea.

Obs. The trivial name bona-nor is well applied here on account
of the charming appearance, and delightful fragrance of its flowers
from the time they first expand, about sun set, until sun rise, when
they wither, but I doubt if it 1s the species to which Linneus gave
this. name; I rather think it was that which I now call Lpomoea

grandifiora, (Munda valli of Van Rheede.)

11. L. uniflora, R.*

Perennial, twining, hoary. Leaves reniform-cordate, acute.
Peduncles one-flowered. ‘Berry dry, spherical.

Ipomoea candicans, Rottler. Mss.

Teling, Boordi-tiga,

This species is very common in forests over the southern parts
of the Carnatic, and Tanjore country. Flowering time the cold
season.

Stem twining, woody, running over high trees, &c. young shoots
hoary.— Leaves petioled, broad-cordate, or reniform, entire, with
the underside downy, particularly while young; from one to two
inches each way.— Petioles the length of the leaves, having two glands
laterally at the extremity.— Peduncles axillary, solitary, length of the
petioles, one-Howered.— Flowers large, pure white, opening at sun
set, and drooping at sun rise.—Bractes two, near the top of the pe-

* Convolv. candicans, herd. Willd. ia Syst. veg. iv. 302; but not the plant so
named by Roth, ibid. 273, which I think must be Koxburgh’s L, ornata.—N, W.

86 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Detisomia.

duncles.— Tube long, slender, cylindric.—Nectary a yellow, fleshy ring
surrounding the base of the germ.—Stigma two-lobed, lobes linear-
oblong, erect.— Berry spherical, dry, smooth, shining, brown, one-
celled.— Seeds; from one to four is the natural number, immersed
in a brownish farinaceous pulp.

12. L. ornata, R.* '

Shrubby, erect, ultimately twining. Leaves nearly round, entire
with large round lobes, sericeous underneath. Peduncies many-
flowered. Stigma with two lanceolate lobes. Berry dry, oblong,
beaked, shorter than the calyx.

A native of the interior parts of India; from Cawnpore Colonel
Flardwick sent the plants to the Botanic Garden at Calcutta, where
they blossom during the rains.

Stems sub-herbaceous, flaccid, scarcely ever twining, sometimes
sericeous. Branches few, and like the stems.— Leaves nearly round,
posterior lobes rounded; margins entire; apex rather emarginate ;
smooth above, of a dull livid colour underneath, and somewhat se-
riceous; general size from three to six inches each way.— Petioles
yound, sericeous, shorter than the leaves, with a greenish gland on
each side near the apex as in all the other species of this family.—
Peduncles axillary, as long as the petioles, and iike them bearing
from about six to twelve, very large, pure white flowers, nearly re~
sembling those of Ipomoea grandiflora and Lettsomia bona-nox.~
Bractes \anceolate.— Calyx, leaflets linear-oblong.—Corol with a

* ©, candicans, Roth. (see the preceding note.) Ihave found this species in va-
rions parts of Nipal, in the thick forest at Hetounra and along the tortuous tract
of the Rapti; also in the valiey itself at the foot of mount Nag- Urjoon and Shiva-
poora. Likeall the other productions which that noble country has in common
with Hindoot’han, our plant grows to an unusual size, measuring often five or six feet
inheightand becomes very branchy. It has atendency to climb, and often twists ite
self round branches of other shrubs. ‘The whole plant is densely villous, becoming
smoother by age.—The capsule as large as a filbert, with a columuar point, of a
polished brown colour, like mahogany. It blossoms during the raimy season; ite
seeds ripen in December—January.—N. W.

Ipomoea. PENTANDRIA MONOGXNIA. 87

cylindric tube, from two to three inches long, border about four
inches in diameter.—Flowers hairy at the base. Anthers withia.—
Germ four-celled, four-seeded. Stigma of two linear-oblong lobes.
— Berry oblong, shorter than the calyx, smooth, pointed, one-celled.
—Seeds from one to four, (one is most common), enveloped in a

little mealy pulp.— Perisperm and embryo as in the order.

IPOMOEA.

Calyx five-leaved, (or five-parted). Corol funnel-shaped. Stigma
two-lobed. Capsules two-celled, cells two-seeded.

1.1. grandiflora, R.

Perennial, twining, sometimes murexed. Leaves cordate, rare-
ly lobate, acute, smooth. Peduncles length of the petioles, three-
flowered. Stigma of tworound lobes. Capsules two-celled.

Munda-Valli, Rheed. Mal. xi. 103. t. 50.

Convolvulus grandiflorus, Linn. suppl. plant, 136.

Mundaevalli, Asiat. Res. iv. 257.

Beng. Doodiya- Kulm.

Ipomoea bona-nox, Jacq. Hort. Schoenb.

Convolvulus maximus, Sloan. Jam. 96. f. 1. is most likely this
plant for I have reared it in Bengal from seed received from the
West Indies with thatname. The only difference is that the leaves
of the West Indian plant are rather more angular, and like Sloanes
figure, than those of the East Indian one.

A large, twining species, common in hedges near Samulkota, and
in Bengal, and on the banks of water courses amongst bushes. Flow-
ers during the cold season in the Circars, and in Bengal during the
hot and rainy seasons.

Stem twining, running to the height of from ten to twenty feet,
smooth, except that it is sometimes armed with small inoffensive
prickles.—Leaves scattered, petioled, cordate, pointed, generally

88 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Ipomoea.

entire, though sometimes a little lobed, or angular, smooth, about
three or four inches Jong and three broad.— Petioles round, smooth,
length of the leaves—— Peduncles axillary, smooth, clubbed, length
of the petioles or more, from two to four-flowered.— Flowers re-
markably large, the border being from four to six inches in diame-
ter, pure white, delightfully but faintly fragrant, opening at sun set,
and drooping at day light. Jube very long, cylindric.— Stigma dou-
ble.—Capsules ovate, smooth, two-celled, ‘(ou — Seeds four,
viz. two in each cell, smooth, black.

Obs. Till 1 observed Gartner’s figures of the capsule and seeds
of Ipomoea bona-nor I considered this to be that plant. Dr. Konig
also thought it was bona-nor and I think he said Linneus the son
had committed a mistake when (in the Supplementum Plantarum)

he called this plant Convoloulus grandiflorus, instead of Ipomoea
grandiflora.

2.1. salicifolia, R

Leaves linear-Janceolate, acuminate. Peduncles one to three-
flowered, length of the petioles.

Found by Dr. Buchanan in the district of Rungpore in Bengal.
In the Botanic Garden at Calcutta it is | prcaalaD flowering in the .
rainy season.

Stem and branches twining to a moderate extent, round, and
smooth.— Leaves short-petioled, linear-lanceolate, tapering from
the rounded base into a long, slender, acute point, entire, smooth
on both sides, from three to eight inches long, and scarcely one
broad at the broadest part.—Peduncles axillary, solitary, half an
inch long, bearing one, two, or three large, pure white flowers.—
Calyx ; leaflets five, ovate, smooth.—Corol with a cylindric tube of
about an inch and a half in length, border flat, obscurely divided.—
Stamina hid in the tube of the corol.—Stzgma of two round lobes.
—Capsules two-celled, with three seeds in each.

Ipomoza. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.- 89

3. I. muricata, R.

Annual, twining, muricate. Leaves cordate. Peduncles few-
flowered; inside of the tube of the corols hairy.

Convolvyulus muricatus, Linn. Mant. 44.

{ have only met with this in my own garden, it was raised from
seeds sent from Persia and proves annual.*

Stem as in I. grandiflora, but much more murexed, and not so
long, the leaves also the same, but much larger.— Peduncles axiila-
ry, half the length of the petioles, from two to six-Howered.— Flow-
ers large, pale bluish-purple. Tube widening a little towards the
mouth ; inside hairy, by which mark it is instantly distinguished from

_L. grandiflora.

4. I. multiflora, R.

Stems woody, twining. Leaves broad-cordate, downy. Pedun-
cles as long as the leaves, umbelliferous.

A. common species, native of hedges, forests, &c. Flowering
time the cold season.

Stem perennial, woody, twinning up, and over trees and bushes,
—Leaves scattered, petioled, broad cordate, entire, a little bent
downwards, bristle-like pointed, both sides a little downy, particu-
larly the under one, from three to four inches each way.— Petioles
round, downy, from two to three iaches long.— Umbells three or
five-parted, many-flowered.— Pedunc/es round, nearly erect, longer
than the leaves.— Flowers numerous, very large, rose-coloured ;
inside of the tube a bright red.— Leaflets of the calyx unequal.—

Stigma two-lobed ; (obes globular.

* It is found in most parts of Hindoost’han. I have met with it in various parts
of the country along the Ganges, from Behar and Tirhoot up to Cawnpore salso at
Lucknow. L have likewise freqnently seen itin the valley of Nepala (1) where it blos«
soms in the rainy seasons.—N. W.

(1) The name of this Country is written in Sungskrita Dictionaries Nepaia, and Ni-
pula with the i sounded long as in time, the final a is not pronounced. On that account
it will be hereafter written Nipal, as most agreeing with the pronunciation in the coun-
try itself. Ka,

1B

$0 FENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Ipomova.

Obs. This species while in flower is one of the greatest beau-
ties of our forests. Whether this is what Konig called Ipomoea
Burmanni or not | cannot say.

5. 1. sepiaria, Kon. Mss.

Perennial, twining, hairy. Leaves cordate. _ Peduncles many-
flowered, and with the pedicels clavate, capsule four-celled.

Tiru-tali, Rheed. Mal. xi. p. 109. t. 53. is certainly this plant,
though quoted for Convolvulus maximus. Can they be the same ?
Probably they are, as Vahl’s description agrees tolerably well) with
my plant.

Teling. Metta-tootia.

This is one of the most common species on the Coast, it grows
plentifully in every hedge, thicket,* &c. Flowers during the rainy
and cold season.

Stem twining, perennial, young shoots round, filiform, hairy.—
Leaves alternate, petioled, cordate, pointed, somewhat sagittate, or
angular behind, otherwise entire ; smooth, often clouded with brown-
ish spots in the centre; from two to three inches long. ~Peduncles
axillary, as long as the leaves, round, smooth, clubbed, many-flower-
ed.— Flowers large, of a beautiful pale rose-colour.— Stigma two=
lobed ; lobes globular.—Capsule smooth.

6. I. cwerulescens, R.

Perennial, twining, all the tender parts hairy. Leaves round cor-
date, acute. Peduncles erect, length of the petioles, from one to
three-flowered. Stigma of three round lobes. Capsules smooth,
three-celled.

Native place uncertain, nor can any Asiatic names be procured
for this beautiful, distinct species.

Slems perennial, twining to a great extent ; young shoots round,
hairy, and twining ; hair reflexed.— Leaves round-cordate, long-petiol-
ed, posterior lobes large and rounded, apex acute, surface less hairy
than the petioles and shoots, size three or four inches each way.—

* It is equally abundant in Bengal, Ed,

=

Ipomoea. PENTANDRIA MONOGYN/A. 91

Peduncles axillary, length of the petioles, Lairy, at all times erect,
from one to three-flowered.— Flowers pretty large; their colour when
they first expand early in the morning, is a beautiful lively pale blue,
or azure, gradually growing darker.—Bractes lanceolate, hairy.—
Calyx five-cleft ; segments ensiform, hairy, about half the length of
the tube of the corol.—Corol; Tube widening a little from the base,
paler than the undivided border.-—Germ three-celled. Stigma
three-lobed ; lobes round.—Capsules smooth, three-celled, with two
smocth, black seeds in each.

Obs. This, and I. cerulea (probably I. hederacea of Jacquin,)
are exactly the same in the znflorescence, germ, stigma and capsules ;
but they differ specifically. This being perennial, and having the
leaves constantly without any tendency to be lobate; whereas that
is annual, with three-lobed leaves. I may farther add, that plants
raised from seed received from the Honourable Charles Greville, in
London, under the name Convoloulus hederaceus, differ only in the

colour of the flowers from my §. c@rulea, in which it is blue, and in-

this, hederacea, white.

7. I. cerulea, Kon. Mss.*

Annual, twining, hairy. Leaves cordate, three-lobed, downy.
Peduncles. from two to three-flowered, margins of the corol sub-
entire. Stigmas three-lobed. Capsules three-celled.

Beng. Neel-kulmz.

It is common during the rains in most parts of India. “

Stems and branches twining, annual, round, hairy, from six to
twelve feet long, as thick as a crow quill.—Leaves alternate, petiol-
ed, broad-cordate, three-lobed, downy ; from two to four inches long,
acute, &c. almost as in Dillenius’s figures of Convolvulus Nil.—
Peduncles axillary, length of the petioles, round, hairy, from two to
three-flowered.— Bractes and leaflets of the calyx linear.— Flowers
large, of a beautiful light, but bright blue.—Stigma sub-globuler,

* This, as the author hints above, is undoubtedly I. hederacea, Linn. I have
found it, thouch rarely, in the valley of Nipal, blossoming in May.—N: W.
L2

92 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNiA. Ipomoea.

large, glandular, three-lobed.— Capsule much shorter than the calyx,
smooth, three-celled, with two seeds in each.

J have often reared this species in my garden, on account of the
great beauty ofits large flowers, and do not find it to vary.

The seeds of this plant are sold in the native apothecary’s shops
in Calcutta, under the name Kala dana, and used as a purgative.
J have heard them much praised as an effectual, quick-operating,
safe cathartic. ‘Lhe dose is from thirty to forty grains of the seeds
in stibstance, when administered they are gently roasted like coffee,
then powdered, and given in any convenient vehicle.

It scarcely differs sufficiently from Convoloulus Nil to warrant its
being considered more than a variety of that, or that of this. In
that the leaves of plants growing in the same situation are less divid-
ed and the lobes shorter and less pointed. ‘The rim of the corol five-

angled, and the angles pointed as in Dillenius’s figure whereas in I.
cerulea it is nearly circular.

8.1. phoenicea, R.*
Annual, twining. Leuves broad-cordate; posterior edges often
variously lobate. Racemes dichotomous, many-flowered. Leaflets
of the calyx end subulately. Stamina erect. Stigma globular.

A native of the southern parts of the Coromandel coast, the seeds
were received into this garden from Dr. Berry, who procured them
from Dindigul. In Bengal it thrives luxuriantly, and is in blossom
most part of the year, but chiefly during the cool season. This
plant has also been reared from seeds received from the island of
Trinidad; there is therefore the more reason to compare it with
J. coccinea.

Stem and branches twining, young parts somewhat angular, and
twisted.— Leaves alternate, petioled, cordate, acuminate, sometimes
three-lobed ; sides aud posterior edges variously dentate, sinuate,
or lobate ; smooth on both sides, from two to six inches each way.

* I. angularis Willd; and most probably also 1. angulata, Lam. illustr. i. 464
Dict. vi, 12,—N. W.

+

cp)
w

Tpomeea. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

—Fetioles nearly as long the leaves, channelled.—Racemes axillary,
solitary, generally two-cleft, much longer than the leaves.— Flowers
remote, large, of a most beautiful bright crimson colour.—Calyzr
smooth, the leaflets subulate at the end.—Corol; tube nearly two
inches long, contracting towards the base, slightly curved ; border at
first expanded, afterwards a little revolute.— Stamina projecting con-
siderably beyond the mouth of the tube of the corol.—Stigima sub-
globular. Capsules smooth, four-celled, with a single seed in each.
Obs. ‘this is by far the most gaudy plant of the kind I have yet
met with, no painter can do justice to the brightness of its flowers.

9.1. Pes-tigridis, Willd. Spec. i. 886.

Annual, diffuse, or twining, hairy. Leaves palmate. Peduncles
longer than the petioles. lowers several in a solitary, aggregate,
mvolucred head.

Beng. Languli-luta.

Pulli-schovadi, Rheed. Mal. xi. 121. t. 59.

Volubilis zeylanica, Dili. E/th. tab. 318. f. 411.

This is one of the most common, and generally diffused plants we
have in India. Flowering time the rainy season chiefly.

Stems diffuse, or twining when supported, round, and very hairy;
hairs fulvous, and diverging.—Leaves alternate, long-petioled, pal-
mate, hairy; lobes from five to nine, lanceolate, entire.-— Peduncles
long, or longer than the petioles, hairy, each supporting a single
head of sessile, white, or pink flowers; the latter variety is smaller
than the white one.—Jnvolucre from eight to twelve-leaved ; leaflets
unequal, recurvate, lanceolate, obtuse, hairy—Ca/yx of five Jan-
ceolate, acute, unequal, hairy leaflets.—Corol, with its five lobes
deeply emarginate.—Stizma of two round lobes.—Capsules two-
celled..—Seeds two in each cell.

10. I. Quamoclit, Willd. Spec. i. 879. i

Annual, twining. Leaves pinnate, leaflets filiform. Peduncles
one or two-flowered.

94 . PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Calystegia.

Tsjuria-cranti, Rheed. Mal. xi. 123. ¢. 60.

Flos cardinalis, Rump. Amb. v. 155. t. 2.

Camalata, Asiatick, Res. iv. 256.

Sung. ara, Kamaluta, qeaat, Turooluta.

Beng. Lal kamluta or lal twrooluta, the red variety ; sweta kamluta
or sweta turooluta, the white flowered variety.

A native of various parts of India. Flowers during the rainy sea=

son in Bengal.

11. 1. pileata, R.*

Perennial, twining. Leaves profoundly round-cordate, villous.
Flowers a few, sessile in a peltate, four-cornered, peduncled, axilla-
sy bonnet.

This rather small, villous species has been introduced from
China into the botanic garden at Calcutta, where it blossoms and
ripens its seeds during the cool dry months of Novgmber—February.
It is particularly remarkable on account of its entire, rhombiform
concave bonnet or invelucre, in the bottom or centre of which, from
three to six middle sized, rosy, funnel-shaped flowers sit; itis hairy
round the flowers, as are also the unequal leaflets of the calyx.

CALYSTEGIA. Brown.

Calyx five-parted, enclosed in two foliaceous bractes. Corolla
companulate, five-plicate. Styleentire. Séigmas two, obtuse. Caps

suée one-celled.

1. C. hederacea, Wail.

Smooth, twining, sarmentose. Leaves trilobate-hastate, acute,
petioled, lateral lobes bi-trifid; radical oblong, cordate sub-entire.
Peduncles axillary several times longer than the leaves, one-flower-

e

* Ther is an indifferent specimen of this remarkable plant in the hortus sic-
cus of my late friend Dr. B. Heyne, attached to this garden, labelled “* Jpomeca pel>
tata.—1. Coilonensis, Klein.”—N. W.

Calystegia. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 95

ed. Bractes ovate, acute, much larger than the obtuse sub-
dentate calycine leaves, half the length of the corolla. Filaments

glandular,
Common in the valley of Nipal, along water courses, and simila

moist places; blossoming during the hot season.

Root creeping, woody, perenniaL—Stems several, slender, angu-
lar, twining, sometimes running along the ground to a cousiderable
extent, as well as the other parts of the plant smooth.—Leaves from
one to two inches long, cordate, with a deep broad sinus, intermediate
lobe lanceolate, acute, lateral lobes triangular, divergent, with from
two to three broad bluntish teeth or lobes, which in the uppermost are
so deep as to give the leaf the appearance of being five or seven-lobed ;
when observed under a microscope their surface appears dotted with
transparent points ; those near the base of the plant sub-entire, oblong.
cordate. Petiolesnearly equalling the leaves, furrowed.— Flowers rosea
coloured, solitary, on axillary, angular, thickish peduncles, which are
much longer than the leaves, the lowermost often measuring four in.
ches; those above gradually shorter.— Bractes opposite, ovate, subs
cordate, acute, nerved, obscurely crenulate, almost concealing the
calys, which consists of five membranaceous unequal leaflets, the ex-
terior ovate-obtuse, the inner ones smaller, lanceolate-acute—Corolla
twice as long as the calyx, witha five- lobed, bluntish bo
ending with a few short Hatha spine nearly niece oa
the middle of the corolla; filaments flattened, broader at the ee
with a few glandular hairs; anthers linear, erect—Ovarium ovate,
four-furrowed, incompletely divided into two cells by two opposite
parietal narrow septa which do not reach the axis; ovuda four, erect.
— Style capillary, longer than the stamens ; stigma consisting of two
cylindrical slender obtuse lobes.

Obs. This species is very much like Convolvulus arvensis (to which
as I have remarked above Roxburgh’s C. Malcolmii undoubtedly
belongs) in its stem, leaves, and in the colour and sizeof the floncnee
the calycine bractes easily distinguish them from each other.—N, W.

96 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA- Campanula.

CAMPANULA. Schreb. Gen. 290.

Calyx five-parted. Corol campanulate. Filaments with their
lobes dilated, and arched. Stigma from three to five-cleft. Capsule
inferior, from three to five-celled, opening by pores on the sides.

1. C. dehiscens, R*

Annual, ascending, round, a little hairy. Leaves, sessile, linear
lanceolate, remotely toothed. Flowers from five to six, terminal.
Capsu/es without lateral pores and opening at the apex.

A native of Bengal. Flowering time the cold, and beginning of
the hot season.

Root nearly simple, white, annual.—Séems and branches ascending,
about a foot high, round, hairy.—Leaves alternate, sessile, linear
lanceolate, remotely, and lightly toothed; from one to two inches
Jong.— Flowers terminal, corymbiform, white, pretty large, bell-shap-
ed.—Calyx, corol, stamens and pistid as the genus.— Capsule obo-
vate, without lateral pores, opening at the apex.—Seeds numer-

cus, minute.— Receptacle reniform, in the angle of each cell.

2. C. lancifolia, R.+ :

Ramous, smooth, Leaves sub-opposite and alternate, short-pe~’
tioled, lanceolate, serrate, acuminate. Flowers terminal. Calycine
leatiets lanceglate and laciniate. Capsules obovate, five-celled.

* ©. dehiscens, Roxb. hort. beng. 85; et Wall. in Asiat. Res. xii. 571, c. icone:
—N. W.

+ 1 think this may be a species 1 have met with in the northern parts of Ben-
gal. My plant grows on the bare interstices between the tufts of long grass in the
valleys which are overflowed during the rains, where it sptings as soon as the floods
dry up. {tis avery slender annual plant, a foot ora foot and balf high, without
branches, except near the top, where it shoots out sometimes two or three small
ones an inch or two long, each terminated by a single nodding flower about the
size, shape, and colour of those cf C. rotundifolia, the radical leaves I have not seen,
as they soon drop off, the six or eight leaves (for there are not more on the full grown
plant) are lanceolate, or even linear. It is found in flower from November to March
or April, and perishes after having perfected its seeds. Ed»

Campanula, PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 97

A native of the moist vallies of Chittagong, where it flowers in

October.

Additions by N. W.

3. C. sylvatica, Wail.

Rough with short hairs, Séem slender, sub-dichotomous. Leaves
linear, sub-enlire, approximate toward the middle of the plant.
Flowers \ong-peduncled, panicled. Corolla pubescent, with a campa-
nulate tube and lanceolate lacinie. Ovarium prismatic

C. stricta, Wall. in Asvat. Res. xiii, 37 +.

Delights in moist ground in the forests of the valley of Nipal;
blossoming in the dry part of the summer, that is to say in April
and May.

Obs. As there is already a species called stricta by Linneus I
have been obliged to alter the name I had once given to this very ele-
gant piant, I have nothing to add to my description, |. cit. except
that in the fresh plant I have always found a few remote glandular
toothlets on the leaves which however, are so small as to disappear

entirely after being dried.

4 C. agrestis, Wall.

Smooth, ramous, slender. Leaves linear, very narrow, with a
few remote toothlets; the uppermost very small, entire. . Flowers
terminal, panicled. Lacenieé of the calyx half the length of the in-
fundibuliform corolla.

A delicate species which is common in fields along the sides of
paths in the valley of Nipal, blossoming in March.

It is generally speaking smooth, though sometimes with a few
remote short hairs. Roof fibrous.—Stem from six to twelve inches
high, erect, very thin and slender, round, divided from the base
into mauy almost simple adscending branches; the upper part sub=

dichotomous, ° Leaves alternate, from one to twe inches long, very
M

98 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Campanula,

narrow, smooth, sessile, acute, deuticulate, remote; the lowermost
lanceolate, a little hairy, the floral ones very small, almost subulate,
perfectly entire—Fiowers smooth, very smali, blue, on terminal
filiform elongated smooth peduncles.—Calycine segments linear,
about half the length of the corolla—Corol/a infundibuliform, with
lanceolate dacinia.— Base of tue filaments broad, cillated.— Stigma
divided into three villous linear lobes. Capsule oblong-clavate, about
five lines long, bursting at the top,

Obs. At comes near to C. gracilis, Forst. but differs in the size’
and relative proportion ofits flowers ; which are very much like those
of C. dehiscens. "To this last mentioned species it has indeed a very
great resemblance ; but itis a taller much smoother plant, and the

leaves are narrower and Jess toothed.

5. C. aristata, Wall.

Smooth, erect. Cauline leaves narrow-linear, sessile, with glan-
dular toothlets ; radical oncs lanceolate, on very long petiols, Eow-
ers solitary, termimal, erect. Lacinia of the calyx very long, subu-
late, equalling the cylindrical ovarium; corolla half the length of
the calyx. ‘

Gathered together with C. celorata at Ludak by my plant-collec-
tors, who accompany my most excellent and esteemed friend Mr.
Moorcroft, on his journey to that country.

Root rather thick, almost fusiform, divided at the upper part into
geveral portions.—Siems as well as all the other parts perfectly
smooth, slender, upright, not thicker than a pack-thread, many from
each roof, simple, naked toward the apex. Leaves linear, erect,
scattered, longer than their interstices, acute, three inches long, not
more ihan two lines broad, marked with alternate, remote, glandular
toothiets, sessile. Aadical leaves and those on the lowest part
of the stem lanceolate, waved, acute, at both ends, about an inch
and a half long, supported by filiform petzo/s, which are twice or
thrice as long as themselves.—Fluwer solitary, terminal, erect, small.

Lacinie@ of the calyx very narrow, linear, almost subulate, acumi-

/

Campanula. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA: 99

nate, about seven lines long, unequal. Corolla, faint blue, campa-
nulate, only half the length of the calyx, divided into five acute lobes.
Stamina very short. Ovarium sub-cylindric, tapering at its base,
aud club-shaped, as long as the calycine Jacinia. Stigma elevated
to the mouth of the corolla, three-lobed ; lobes erect, with recurves

apes, long, pubescent.

6. C. fulgens, Wall.

Simple, erect, hairy, Leaves lanceolate, acute, short-petioled,
gervate. Raceme terminal, cousisting of fascicled flowers. Calycine
seguents linear, straight, equalling the corolla and ovarium. Capsule
avate, ten-ribbed.

I have found this species in the valley of Chitlong which is cen-
siderably higher than that of Nipal, and on mount Chanda-geri
which separates the two, It has also been brought to me by a
collecting party from the road to Gusain-Than. Lt blossoms in
the rains.

Newar naime Usery-Soah*

An erect, annual, rather large species, covered with copicus,
spreading, silvery, very fulgent hairs.— Root simple, fibrous.—Stem
mostly: undivided, though sometimes there 4s one or two simple
erect branches; moderately thick, with several elevated parallel
lines or angles — Leaves scattered, erecto-patent, exceeding thei in-
terstices, from one to three inches long, lanceolate, acute or acuminate,
with broad cuspidate serratures, tapering much and nearly enure
at the base, short-petioled, hairy on both sides, with elevated rib
and parallel oblique nerves underneath; the radical ones broader,
sub-ovate, bluntish; those of the upper part of the stem, or floral
ones, lmear-lanceolate, sessile.—Petiols short, hairy, margined,—

flowers smatil, biue, fascicled, sub-sessile; fascicles, two or three-

* { avail myself of this opportunity for remarking, that the nemes which are
fiven to plants by the natives of N'pal arein general very uncertain and fluctuat-
ing; and that | shall only make u,e of thein on occasions, when I bave reason to be
tolerably satisfied as to their correctness —N. W.

M2

100 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Camp?nuté,

flowered, in the uppermost axills, becoming more and more approx-
imate toward the apex of the stem where they are supported by
linear acuminate bractes, which exceed their own length ; forming
a terminal, oblong raceme from four to six inches in height.—Calyr
smooth, divided into five linear, acute, rather spreading segments,
about the length of the corolla, or exceeding it a little —Corolla
five-lobed; Icbes oblong.—Filaments very broad at the base, val.
vate, ciliate. Anthers erect, linear.— Ovarium club-shaped, as long
as the calycine laciniz, ten-nerved.—Sizgma_ three-lobed, pubescent. .
—Capsule, ovate, about five lines long, marked with six prominent -
ribs, a little hairy, opening towards its apex with three round pores. _

7.C. pallida, Wall. in Astat. Res. xui. 375.

Hairy. Stem branchy. Leaves lanceolate, serrate, sub-petiolate.
Pedunefes terminal, very long, panicled. Lacinie@ of the calyx near.
ly equalling the corolla.

Inhabits the valley of Nipal and the surrounding mountains;
blossoming in April and May.

8, C. ramulosa, Wall.

Erect, hairy. Stem panicled, sub-flexuouse. Leaves lanceolate,
sinuato-dentate, acute. lowers terminal and axillary, nodding, on
longish bracted peduncles. Lacinia of the calyx triangular, toothed,
shorter than the corolla. Ovarium turbinate, equalling the calyx.

Gathered by my people on the road to Gosain-Than ; flowers
in October. |

The whole plant covered with spreading soft silky hairs.—Stem
erect, flexuose, about the size of a crow-quill; one or two feet high,
slightly angular; branches numerous, alternate, spreading, panicled.
— Leaves lanceolate, rather grossly sinuate-dentate, acute, tapering
at the base, short-petioled, from one to two inches Jong, hairy on both
sides, merved underneath. ‘Those on the branchlets small, linear-
lanceolate.— lowers terminal and axillary, gently nodding, forming
an open paaicie, on round, hairy, long, leafy peduncles. --Calyz hairy;
lacinie lanceolate, acuminate, spreading, about half as long as the

Campanula. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA,. 101

corolla, with one or two teeth on each side.—Corol/a companulate,
a little hairy without, blue, divided into five ovate, acute lacinie.—
Ovarium turbinate, ribbed, very hairy, as long as the calyx.

9. C. cana, Wail.

Densely hoary. Stems adscending, branchy. Leaves approximate;
lanceolate, dentate, sessile. flowers terminal. Calycine lacinie lan-
ceolate, dentate, nerved, shorter than the infundibuliform corod/a,
and equalling the turbinate ovarium.

A native of Himaluya, near Gossain-Than ; blossoming in Octo-
ber.

Root fibrillose.— Stems several, adscending, from six to ten inches
long, as thick as a pack-thread, branchy, densely covered with

y numerous and ap-

~

spreading white hairs.—Leaves scattered, ver
proximate, sessile, lanceolate, rather acute, obtusely dentate, from
half an inch to an inch long, hairy above, densely clothed underneath
with white tomentum, and marked there with strong elevated nerves.
—Floral \eaves very small, bractifurm, linear.— Flowers terminal on
the stem and branchlets, short-peduncled, rather large for the size
of the plant, blue.—Lacinie of the ca/yr lanceolate, acuminate,
grossly toothed, nerved, tomertose.— Coro//a infundibuliform, hairy
on the outside, twice the length of the calyx; laciniz lanceolate,
acute. Base of the filaments very broad, ciliate. Ovarium turbi-
nate, tomentose, ribbed.

Obs. The whole plant is covered with minute, soft, white tomen-
tum, especially the under surface of the leaves and the ovaria; the
stem and the branches are besides densely beset with long spread-

ing subulate shining hairs.

10. C. colorata, Wall.

Erect, villous, canescent. Stems simple. Leaves scattered, !anceo-
late, acute, repand-crenate. Peduncles axillary and term‘nal, elon-
gated.—Ca/ycine seoments triangular, entire, shorter than the corolla;

and longer than the turbinate ovartum.

102 PENTANDRIA MONCGYNIA, Campanula.

This is another species collected by my people at Ludak in
1821,

Root long, tapering, sub-entire.— Stems slender, erect, cespitose,
as well as the leaves and calyces covered with soft greyish pube-
scence, slightly flexuose, purplish, round.— Leaves lanceolate, scat-
tered, an inch and half long, exceeding their interstices, acute at
both ends, sessile, unequally repand-denticulate, villous on both
sides.— lowers axillary and terminal, on filiform lengthened pedun-
cles, which bear from one to three bractiform leaflets. —Calyz pur-
plish, divided ito five triangular, acute, entire segments.—Corodla

cawmpanulate, a little longer than the laciniz of the calyx, pubescent;

lobes lanceolate, acute. Filaments very broad and ciliated at their
base.—Ovarium shorter than the calyx, prismatico-turbinate.

Stigma three-lobed.

11. C. carnosa, Wall.

Smooth, fleshy, procumbent. Leaves ovate, cuspidate-serrate,
petioled.— Flowers axillary, on capillary peduncles, which equal the
leaves. Calycine lacinig linear, shorter than the bilobate corolla,
Filaments tinear, not dilated at the base.—Cupsule prismatic.

I have only found this plant oa rocks near rivulets towards the
middle of mount Shivapoor ; blossoming in J une. f

A small, smooth, fleshy plant, Root creeping, with capillary
fibrille.—Stem procumbent, creeping at the base, very thin and
slender, from six to eight, even as far as twelve inches long, obscure-
ly three-sided, with elevated ribbed angies, branched, purplish, se-
mi-pelluctd.— Leaves alternate, petioled, ovate, sometimes slightly
cordate at their base, acute, serrate, serratures gibbous, cuspidulate,
iucumbcnt, soft aud fleshy, an inch or an inch and half long, opaque
above, and with a few scattered hyaline hairs ; smooth and shining
underneath, and dotted with some pellucid minute points ; the up-
permost very close together; all the rest rather distant. — Petiods
about as long as the leaves, with a slight furrow above, the base sub-

decurrent and forming the elevated angles of the stem; the upper-

Codinoysis. PENTANDRIA MONUGYNIA. 103

most much shorter than the leaves.—F lowers very small, of a pale
blue, neaily white colour, perfectly smooth, solitary, rarely gemiuate,
on capillary axillary peduncles, which are a little shorter tian the
leaves, having at the base a couple of minute, linear bractes.— Ca-
lyv wiih erect, linear, entre dacinie—~Corolla infundibuliform, more
than twice the length of the calyx; tube very short; dimbus sub-bi-
labiate, quinquefid ; dacin7e oblong, acute, equal ; the two uppermost
more parallel and erect, the rest spreadmg.— Stamina quite distinct,
distant, a little shorter than the corolla; filaments flat, not valvate
at the base, inserted together with the corolla on the disc of the
ovarium; anthers erect, linear.—Ovarium oblong, obscurely tri-
angular, trilocuiar, many-seeded; its vertex not elevated, as is
usual in this genus, within the calytine laciniz, but covered by a
fleshy yellowish disc.—Siyle filiform. Stigmas three, linear.—Cap-
sule club-shaped, prismatic, crowned with the permanent calyx,
elevated on a lengthened peduncle, bursting towards its basis with
three round valves.

Ods. This species is remarkable ov account of its filaments not
being valvate, and their adhering to the base of the corolla; also in
regard to the bilabiate corolla. It seems to be intermediate between
Campanula and Lobelia.

CODONOPSIS. Wall,

Calyx superior, five-parted. Coroi/a campanulate, equal. Fila,
ments sub-linear. Scigma three-lobed. Capsule threescelled, many-
secded, bursting at the apex i three short valves,

1. C. viridis, Wall.

Leaves cordatc-oblong, alternate, villous underneath, Ca/lycine
lacinia@ linear, distant, recurved.

1 have found this remarkable plant in the dark forest at the top
of Shivapoor, in blossom during the rains, and with ripe fruitin Oce

404 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Codonopsis.

tober. It has also been bronght to me from much more northerly

and higher parts of Nipal towards Gosain-Than, where it blossoms
later.

An extensively twining, very ramous, annual plant, with slender,
round, smooth, shining, sometimes purplish stem, of the thickness of a
crow-quill. Branches alternate, numerous, from one to two feet long,
Jeafy.— Leaves alternate, spreading, membranous, ovate-oblong, taper-

ing into an acute apex, or acuminate, obscurely crenulate, base cor-

date, with rounded lobes, from three to five inches long, sparingly

beset on the upper, bright-green, opaque surface with short, soft, ad-
pressed hair, densely villous, glaucous underneath, with slender ele-
vated rib and oblique reticulated nerves— Petioles rounded, tortuous,

2, solitary, placed

villous, half an inch long.— Flowers large, drooping,

uregularly along the branches, or axillary, sometimes opposite the
leaves, possessing a very disagreeable narcotic smell, glaucous, pu-
bescent.—Peduncles filiform, curved, naked, pubescent, somewhat
enlarged under the hower.—Calyr persistent, consisting of five equal,
very distant, linear, acute, denticulate, recurved, two or three-nerved
lobes, about five lines long, and separated by rectilinear naked: inter-
stuces of four lines.— Corol/a ample, bell-shaped, one inch long, ef a

thickish, rather fleshy texture, and a pale yellowish.green colour; cube

ventricose, inserted round the vertex of the ovarium, the inside with
small purple dots; border spreading, an inch and half wide, five-part=

lacinié ovate, acute, half the length of the tube, very obscurely
marked along the margins, with small elevated papille, Aestzvation
valvate.-—Stamiua five, distant, distinct, erect, two-thirds shorter than
the tube of the corolla, opposite its lacinie ; filaments fleshy, smooth,
subulate, base scarcely widened, inserted within the base of the
corolla ; anthers erect, linear, as long as the filaments, two-celled.—
Ovarium large, fleshy, hemispherical, depressed, ten-nerved, the ver=
tex obscurely five-comered, convex, gently elev ated within the bottom
of the Hower, shining, purple, umbilicated, three-celled; ovula very
uumerous, attached to three very thick and fleshy axile placent@ which
protrude so much as to render the cells very narrow and parietal

Codonopsis. FENTANDRIA MONOGYNiA. 105

—Style smooth, rounded, rather longer than the stamens, widening at
the persistent base. Stigma large, fleshy, sub-infundibuliform, three.
lobed ; lobes ovate, blunt, recurved.—Capsule nearly round, ten-nerve
ed, pubescent, two-thirds inferior, its conical vertex considerably
elevated above the calyx, which has now enlarged into a distinct
broavish margia, with its distant lacinie reflexed; about the size of a
large cherry, three-celled, bursting partially at the apex into three
smail divergent subulate valves. Dissepiments very narrow, ventral.—
Placenteé \arge,ovate, convex, fungiform, inserted into the inner angle

of the ceils; their surface cellular.—Sceds exceedingly numerous,
minute, sub-cylindric, ferruginous,

2. C. purpurea, Wall.

Leaves ovate-oblong, smooth, together with the branches opposite.
Calycine lacinié triangular, spreading.

A mative of precisely the same places as the first species; it is
however of much rarer occurrence on Sheopore,* (Shivapoora) and
more common towards the Hzmaluya, Time of flowering the same.

It is perfectly smooth on all parts. Stem as in the preceding ;
of a straw-colour, and shining when dry. Branches mostly oppo.
site, so as to give the plant a trichotomous appearance, jointed.
Leaves opposite or sub-opposite, in remotish pairs, ovate-oblong,
attenuate-acute, base rounded, from three to five inches long, entire
or obscurely crenulate, perfectly smooth, very glaucous underneath.
— Petiols furrowed above, round, jointed at the base, half an inch
long.— Flowers large and showy, solitary, terminal, or in alternate ax«
ils, sometimes laterai, mostly erect, dark-purple, glaucous on the out-
side, fetid.— Peduncles naked, from one to three inches long.— Calyx

* This word is differently pronounced in different parts of India. It oucht to
be written Shiva-poora; but my friend Wallich being desirous of writing the word
according to the provincial pronunciation of Nepala, his way of writing itis re-
tained in the text; though it is highly probable they prenounce it Shiwpoor, with
thez short as in tin, and not Sheopore, with the e long asain name, the sound al-

loited to ein every system of wiiting Indian words with Roman letters, Ed.
N

RS a eee

106 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Codonopsis,

deeply divided into five triangular ovate, acute, entire, spreading lobes,
measuring about five lines in length; the interstices acute-angular.
—Corolla bell-shaped, rather longer than that of the other species ;
tuhe equal; dacinie spreading, ovate, acute. Stamina, style, and
stigma as in the preceding; ovartum rather smaller, turbinate, co-
vered with a purplish bloom.—Fruié not seen.

Obs. The habit of these beautiful plants is very different from
that of Campanula; and they differ so much from that section of it
which is denominated Erinoides, whose capsule also bursts at the
apex, that | have not hesitated constituting them into a separate ge-
nus, In that the corolla is sub-irregular, and the stigma simple;
in this it is perfectly regular, and the stigma three-lobed. The two
species are very different from each other; C. ziridis has alternate
brauches ; cordate, villous leaves ; linear, recurved, calycine segments,
Which stand remote from each other, and a greenish, bell-shaped, ven-
Micose, rather shorter corolla ; purpurea is quite smooth, has opposite
joimted branches aud leaves, which are cordate, flowers purple, not
ventricose, calycine lobes triangular, not distant nor revolute. The
flowers of both possess a very disagreeable smell, somewhat like that

of Bignonia indica.—N. W.

3. C.?? thalictrifolia, Wall.

Stem simple, adscending, one-flowered. Leaves pinnate and bi-
pinnate; /eaflets kidney-shaped, villous. Calyx inferior.

A uative of Gosain-Than, where it blossoms in August.

Stem very slender and weak, adscending, variously bent, sometimes
sub-scaudent, from eight to fourteen inches long, not thicker than a
packthread,undivided, upper two-thirds naked, besprinkled with short,
grey, soft hairs. —Leaves alternate, mostly bipinnate, approximate,
much longer than their interstices, occupying the lowest third of
the stem. Pe¢iof about an inch and half long, as well as the rachis
filiform and hairy, Pinne@ opposite, in one or two pairs, with
a terminal odd one, threé inches long. Pinnule opposite, three or
four pairs, with an odd one, sub-rotund-reniform, obtuse, remotely and

Phyteuma, PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIAs 107

obtusely crenate, or obscurely three-lobed, frequently unequilateral,
about four tines long and five broad, covered on both sides with copi-
ous adpressed, ash-coloured hair; on short capillary petiols. ‘Vhe up-
permost leaves are simply pinnate,— Flower elevated on the naked end
of the stem, solitary, nodding, large, about an inch long, blue.—Ca/yz
fiattish, alittle hairy, deeply divided into five linear-lanceolate, acule,
somewhat spreading, nearly equal, denticulate /acinia, which are nar-
rower at their base, and therefore appear distant.—Corol/a smooth,
veined, campanulate, mueh longer than the calyx ; limb widening, five-
lobed, lobes round-ovate, obtuse, terminated by asmall,glandular,some.
what hairy point. Throat pervious, naked.— Stamina five, stiaigitt,
distinct, shorter than the corolla; filaments linear, somewhat broader
at the base where they are attached to the bottom of the corolla, or
rather both these parts to one and the same point within the laciniz
of the calyx; anthers erect, with a few hairs on the back, bilocular.
—Ovarium above, ovate-oblong, acute, smooth, large, twoecciled 5
ovula numerous, attached to an oblong axile placenta. Style short,
Stigma clavate, fleshy, three-lobed : lobes obtuse, pubescent. Fruit
not seen.

Obs. This is a very doubtful plant which I am unable to refer to
-any known genus. It approaches on the one hand to Polemoni=
um (under which [ ought to have placed it), and on the other to
Campanula; its compound leaves give it some analogy to Codonopsis,
from which, however, it differs by its decidedly superior ovarium.
Jt will, I doubt not, be found sufficiently distinct from them all to.
form a separate genus. _Its leaves are not unlike those of some of
the minute leaved Thalictra; the flower handsome, elevated consie
derably on the naked upper part of the stem.

PHYTEUMA. Schreb. Gen. N. 292.

Calyx semi-superus, five-parted. Corol rotate, inserted on the
calyx. Germ inferior, three-celled, ovula numerous, on a pendulous
N2 |

108 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA- Phyteuma.

receptacle from the top of each cell. Stigma three-lobed. Capsule
three-celled. Seeds numerous. ;

1. P bezonifolium, Roxb. hort. beng. 85.

Creeping, woolly. Leaves alternate, semicordate, serrate. Ra=
cemes axillary, secund, recurvate. Bractes, cuneate.

A native of Pulo-Penang, where Mr. W. Roxburgh found it in
forests shaded by trees and shrubs, and with flowers and ripe seeds
in June and July. :

Stems somewhat dichotomous, round, fleshy, spreading on the
ground, and rooting at the insertion of the leaves, the younger parts
as well as the petioles and racemes clothed with a harsh, ferrugine
ous, woolly pubescence.— Leaves alternate, petioled, semicordate,
(as In some species of Begonia), serrate, acute, pretty smooth 5
Jength six or eight inches, breadth about half the length.— Petioles
from one to two inches long.—Séipu/es none.— Racemes axillary,
solitary, secund, revolute, twice the length of the peticles.—
H#lowers short-pedicelled, alternately arranged in two rows on the
anterior side of the raceme; while two rows of alternate, cuneate,
woolly bractes occupy the posterior side.—Ca/yx one-lobed ; tube”
gibbous, and growing to the lower half of the germ. Border of five, .
sub-orbicular, woolly, permanent segments. Corol one-petalled, ro-
tate, tube very short, and united with the calyx into one envelope
which closely embraces the upper part of the germ ; border of five,
oblong seoments, alternate with those of the calyx, and double their
leneth, withering. Filaments five, short, inserted partly on the tube
and top of the germ. Anthers oblong.—Germ inferior, oblong,
three-celled, each cell containing numerous ovula attached to along,
free, linear receptacle, which is united, by a slender pedicel, to the
top of the cell. Style very short and thick.— Stigma concave, with
a thick fleshy three-lobed margin.—Capsule oblong, clothed with
the woolly tube of the calyx, and crowned with the segments of its
border, as wel! as the withered corol, three-celled, (in what manner
they open I have not been able to ascertaia.)— Seeds very numer

Phyteuma. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 109

ous, adhering to the long, filliform, free receptacles, which are at-
tached to the apex of the capsules as already mentioned,

Addition by N. W.

The following description has been given of this plant by my
highly valued friend Mr. Jack in Malayan Miscellanies i. 5, who
has favoured me with abundance of specimens. He informs me that
the Malay name is Jelatung-rusa.

“A small herbaceous plant. | Stem procumbent, one or two feet
in length, thick, villous, tufty at the summit, with fasciculate hairs.

Leaves alternate, petiolate, semicordate, unequilateral, turning to

one side, eight inches long, acute, with gross sub-spinescent serras
tures, villous beneath, adult leaves smooth above, nerves generally
dichotomous. — Petiols thick, round, furrowed above. Stipules
none, Peduneles axillary or supra-axillary. FVowers unilateral}, erect,
arranged in two rows ona recurved spike, nearly sessile, crowded.
Bractes cuneiform, obtuse. Calyx semi-superior, ovate, villous, five-
lobed, lobes obtuse. Corolla white, campanulate, persistent, limb
recurved, five-lobed, lobes obtuse; after florescence the corolla bes
comes green and enlarges. Stamina five, erect, short, inserted on
the calyx and opposite to its divisions. Anthers linear, acute. Ova-
rium surrounded by the calyx and connected with it by five longitu-
dinal septa or processes from which the stamina spring, three or
four-celled, many-seeded, placentz from the imner angles of the cells.
Style short, thick. Stigma latge, thick, three-lobed. Capsule
three or four-celled, containing numerous seeds arranged on convex
placenta.

“ The septa which unite the calyx and ovary appear continuous with
the filaments of the stamina, ‘The young parts are densely villous,
but the hairs are easily rubbed away. _ In drying, the plant assumes
a bright yellow colour. It appears extremely doubtful whether this
plant be truly referrible to Phyteuma; it does not however agree
well with any other genus of the family of Campanuiacee, and it will

\

110 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA: Lobelia.

deserve consideration whether it ought not to constitute a new gee
nus in that order.”

LOBELIA. Schreb. Gen. N. 1363.

Calyx five-cleft. Corol one-petalled, irregular. Anthers united.
Capsule inferior, two or three-celled.

1. L. nicotianifolia, Heyne’s Mss.

Erect. Leaves sub-sessile, lanceolar, acute, entire. KRaceme ter-
minal. j

A stout, tall species, first described by Mr. Heyne, who found
it indigenous in the vicinity of Bangalore.

Addition by N. W.

Specimens of this fine plant are preserved in Dr. Heyne’s her-
barium marked L. acuminata. It has been given in Syst. Veg. v.
47, under the name of nicotianifolia, Roth.

A tall, herbaceous, erect, pubescent species.—Stem as thick as
the little finger, angular, fistulous, covered with soft pubescence,
with scattered, simple, erecto-patent, panicled branches.— Leaves
very numerous, scattered irregularly, spreading, lengthened, lanceo-
late, acuminate, contracted at the base, sessile, marked along the
margins with minute gland-cuspidate crenatures, pubescent under
neath, with parallel oblique nerves, from six to eight inches long;
the uppermost gradually smaller, about two inches Jong, linear-lan-
ceolate, more distinctly serrulate-—Racemes terminal, cylindric,
from six to fourteen inches high, and three fingers broad, erect, with ~
copious glaucous pubescence, densely covered with spreading lilac-
coloured, large flowers, leafy. Rachis thick and angular. Pe-
duneles approximated, about an inch and a quarter long, almost
villous, supported by a lanceolate, acuminate, serrulate, foliaceous,

Lobelia. PENTANDRIA MONOGXNIA. Wi

nearly equalling bracte ; their apex incuryed, adscending.— Calycine
lacin@ \inear-lanceolate, acuminate, serrulate, spreading, two-thirds
shorter than the tabe of the corolla, which is cylindrical, about an
inch long, pubescent, cleft longitudinally.—~Limobus unilateral, almost
equalling the tube, five-cleft; the intermediate three laciniz longi-
tudinally cohering into an ovate, acute lamina; the outer ones more
deeply separated, linear, distinct.—Column of the filaments erect,
smooth ; anthers purple, connected into an oblong tube, whose apex
is hairy downwards.— Capsule large, round, pubescent, nerved, twos
celled.

2. L. trigona, R.

Annual, base creeping, erect parts three-sided. Leaves sessile,
cordate, serrate. | Peduncles axillary, longer than the leaves, one-
flowered,

A small, annual, ramous plant which delights in wet pasture ground,

and appears during the wet and cold seasons,
Stems near the root creeping, above erect, ramous, three-sided,

smooth, the whole plant is from six to twelve inches high.— Leaves
sub-sessile, cordate, grossly serrate, smooth.—Peduncles axillary,
solitary, erect, length of the leaves or longer, two-bracted at the
base.—owers small, blue.—Corol inserted in the mouth of the

calyx.

Addition by N. W.

This is the same as L. stipularis, Roth.in Syst. Veg. iv. 67, who
has mistaken the two above-mentioned small opposite recurved
divaricate bractes at the base of the peduncle, within the axils of
the leaves, for a pair of stipules.

8. L. radicans, Willd. Spec. i. 948.
Annual, creeping, smooth. Leaves sessile, lanceolate, remotely

112 | PENTANDRIA MONOGYNTA. Dabetin,

serrulate, Peduneles axillary, solitary, twice the length of the leaves,
one-ilowered.

Accidentally introduced from China, into the botanic garden
at Calcutta, where it blossoms freely during the rains. Our plants
are but small, very ramous, spreading over the soil, and striking root
at every branchlet. The flowers are large for the size of the plant,
pink-coloured ; segments of the corolla equal, unilateral, and narrow-
Janceolate, with two green glands under the two middle sinuses, op-
posite to the long, green, two-lobed stigma. i

Additions by N. W.

This charming little plant seems to be different from that of
Thunberg, Linn. Trans, ii. 330. (L. Erinus Flor. Jap. 325,) who |
describes its leaves as being undulated, decurrent, which ours are
not. It is certainly perrennial; it is only the stems that are creep-
ing; the branches are erect, from four to six inches long, forming
dense and compact tufts, which render the plant peculiarly well suit-
ed for margins of beds.—Roof consisting of thick, white cylindric
fibres. Stem as thick as a packthread, round, smooth ; branches with
two opposite very small furrows, not angular. Leaves bifarious and
alternating, often vertical, from half an inch to an inch long, those of
the middle of the branches longest, the rest gradually decreasing,
slightly ciliated, especially towards the roundish basis which is sup.
ported by an extremely short petiol; the margins om each side with
four or five minute cuspidulate glandular crenatures.— Flowers
delightfully fragrant. Z'ube of the corolla twice as long as the ca- —
lyx, pubescent, split two-thirds of its length. ~- Tube of the anthers
incurved, a little hairy; the mouth ciliated below.—Sizgma nodding,
exserted together with the apex of the style beyond the anthers,
purplish, scabrous, with two rounded diverging lobes.—Ovarium
cuneiform-oblong, ten-lined.—The plant seems also to differ from
L. campanulvides of the same author, |. cit. 331 (L erinoides fi.
japan 326), aud L. chinensis, Loureir. Cochinch, ed, Willd. ii, 625.

Lobelia. PENTANDRIA MONOGXNIAs. 113

4, L. zeylanica, Linn.
Prostrate and creeping, pubescent. Stems and branches round.

Leaves shioit-petioled, ovate, sub-cordate, acute, Peduncles axillary,
equalling the leaves, one-flowered.

[have not seen itin Bengal. Lt is common in fields about Szlhet s
blossoming in the hot and rainy season; introduced from thence into
the Botanic garden at Calcutta, in 1815.

Stem several feet long, prostrate, the base creeping, as thick as 2
crow-quill, rather fleshy.— Branches scarcely adscending.— Leaves
alternate, fleshy, about an inch long, concave above, minutely sera
rulate, serratures gland-cuspidate, both sides beset with a few short
pellucid hairs, base slightly retuse, apex for the most part acute.—
Pettoles about three lines long, broadish, Peduncles filiform, as
well as the calyx covered with much soft villosity ; two very minute
subulate bractes at their base, concealed within the axils. Calyx
atrongly ten-ribbed, the alternate ribs shorter; /actnzg Jinear, some-
what unequal.—Corolla purple; tube equalling the calyx ; amb bi-
labiate: upper-lip bipartite, adscending, pubescent, lacinie sub-
falcate s under-lip \arger, descending, with two parallel white stripes
on the palate, laciniz lanceolate. Columna equalling the tube, ad-
scending a little above its longitudinal fissure.

Obs, This is an elegant plant when in flower, differing from Rox-

burgh’s trigona by its petioled, more rounded leaves, cylindric stem,
and its pubescence. Lamarck’s L. Nummularia, Encycl. bot. ili. 589,
seems to come nearer my begonifolia than to this species.

5. L. pyramidalis, Wall. in Asiat. Res. xiii. 376.

Smooth, with erect panicled ramous stem. Leaves lanceolate, ta-
pering, acuminate, serrulate, florad ones linear. Jtacemes leafy, pani-
cled, Segments of the calyx equalling the corolla.

This is one of the most common as well as ornamental plants in
Nipal, where it grows both in low and elevated situations; I have
found it from the entrance to that country at Bechiako, up to the

mountains that bound the valley to the N. and where it grows at a
ie

Wr4 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNTA. Lobelia,

height of at least £000 feet above the sea. It is also found in the
hilly country near Silhet. It blossoms all the year round.

I have very little to add to the description I have given in the
above-quoted work. The plant varies very much in height, and is
often found altogether of a deep purple colour, but chiefly the floral
branches and leaves. Capsuée large, round, or ovate, generally nod-
ding, slightly ribbed, crowned by the long linear calycine segments
aad often by the remaining tube of the corolla, two-celled. Seeds
very minute, ferruginous.

6. L. excelsa, Leschenault.

Leaves oblong-lanceolar, acuminate, denticulate, attenuate at both
ends, densely villous, short-petioled. Raceme terminal, erect, villous,
columnar, most densely beset with flowers and foliaceous bractes.
Calycine lacinie linear, as long as the tube.

Found on Neelgirt* by my highly respected friend Mr. ee
nault dela Tour, who informs me that it is an annual plant growing
to the height of ten to twelve feet, and called by the natives Oumare.

The specimen which my friend has indulged me with consists only
of a couple of detached, probably lower or radical leaves, and a ra-
ceme of unopened flowers, which however indicate great beauty in
the growing plant. The leaves are ten inches long, one inch and a
third broad at the middle, and from thence tapering towards both
ends, finely and copiously denticulated ; exceedingly villous and soft
underneath, reticulated, marked with an elevated rib and oblique
approximated nerves, upper surface much smoother; they are very
much like the leaves of some species of Callicarpa. Petioles short,
marked by the cecurrent base of the leaf—Raceme full ten inches
long, nearly three broad, allits parts villous. Flowers large, exceedingly
numerous, and close together, peduncled, each supported by a sessile,
Janceolate, or sublinear, finely acuminated serrulate bracte from an

inch to an inch anda quarter long —Calycine lacinie linear, dentis
culate, acute, equalling the tube.

€ The blue-monatains. They are situated near Coimbetore.

Lobelia. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIAs. LDS:

7. L. rosea, Wait.

Covered with glaucous soft dense villosity. Stem panicled. Leaves
lanceolar-ensiform, acuminate, finely denticulate. Racemes termi-
nal with unilateral flowers. Segments of the calyx equalling the tube.-

‘This very handsome species was found by my people at Noako- -
te,* in blossom in March.

A leafy, erect, annual plant, from fourto six feet high, abundantly
covered with greyish soft villosity, which gives the whole a glaucous:
appearance ; as it grows old it becomes smoother or all its parts.—-
Stem about the thickness ofa finger, tapering ; branches simple, pa-
nicled.— Leaves very numerous, scattered, spreading, approximate,
between ensiform and lanceolate, acuminate, tapering downwards,
sub-sessile, finely denticulate, from eight to twelve inches long ; the
uppermost! gradually smaller; floral ones finear-lanceoiate, about an
inch long, rather rounded at the base.—Racemes terminal, oblong,
erect, leafy, about six inches long, forming a panicle.— I/owers numer-
ous, unilateral, an inch long, nodding and almost pendulous, pube-
scent.— Peduncles adscending, half an inch long, supported by a fo-
haceous bracte.—Calycine lacinia linear, acute, equalling the tube.—
Corolia hike that of L. pyramidalis but larger, of a pale-rose colour,
very villous within ; tube whitish.— Fi/aments villous, distinct at the
base. Anthers connected into a Jong purple incurved tube, which
has a few hairs along the seams, and round the mouth.—Ovarium
round, oyate, ten-nerved, bi- or tri-locular, villous.—-Sligma pus

bescent.

8. L. begonifolia, Wall. 1. c. 377.
Creeping, villous. Leaves short-petioled, round, cordate, dentate,
with unequal base. Peduncles axillary, one-flowered, as long asthe

* This valley is about one days journey to the W. and S. of that of Nipa! proper;
it is far less elevated than that, and therefore much hotter ia summer and milder im
winter. Its vegetable productions strikingly correspond with those of the lower.

parts of that country.—N. W.
Oa

116 -sPENTANDRIA MONCGYNIA. Sphenoclea,

leaves, naked. Calycane lacinie linear, acuminate, toothed, a little
Jonger than the tube.

This is a very common plant in the valley of the mountains of Nis
pal, delighting in shady moist places, near water-courses and springs.
Jt blossoms and is in fruit nearly the whole year round; chiefly howe
ever, in the rains. It differs from the other species of this extensive
genus in having a fleshy round berry of the size of a large pea, pure
ple, smooth, twoecelled, with numerous flattened brownish seeds ate
tached to two thick septal placenta.

SPHENOCLEA. Gert. carp. i. 118. tab. 24.

Calyx fiveeparted. Corol one-petalled. | Capsule inferior, two-
celled. Seeds numerous.

1.8. zeylanica, Willd. Spec. i. 927.

Pongati, Rheed. Mal. ii. 47. t. 24.

Sphenuclea pongatium, Lamarck.

Gaertnera Pangati, Retz. Obs. vi. p. 246

Beng. Jeel mureech.

Teiing. Neeroo-piple.

An erect anuual; a native of watery places. Flowers during the
wet season.*

Root fibrous, annual.—Stem erect, round, ramous, smooth, glase«
sy, piped. Branches alternate, ascending.— Leaves alternate, short-
petioled, lanceolar, entire, tender, smooth, from two to three inches
Jong, and half an inch broad.—Stzpules none.—Spikes terminal,
or leaf-opposed, peduncled, cylindric, middle-sized, closely surround«
ed with the fructifications.— Bractes sinall, three-fold, one-flowered ;

* This plant which is very common over all parts of Hindoost’han is undoubted.
ly Loureiro’s Rapinia herbacea, as has been proved by Mr. Dryander and Mr,
Brown. See Rees’s Cyclopedia, under Rapinia and Sphenoclea; and appendix to
Tuckey’s expedition, p. 483.—N. W.

C)

Nauclea, PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 117

one below, and one on each side, pressing the calyx.— Flowers small,
white.—Calyx superior, one-leaved, five-cleft; divisions obtuse,
spreading when the flower is open, afterwards converging over the
capsule, permanent.— Corol one-petalled. Tube short ; throat gibbous ;
mouth five-cleft, inflexed.—Filaments five, short, inserted into the
mouth of the tube. Anthers two-lobed, lodged in the gibbous throat
of the corol.— Germ inferior, angular. Style short. Stigma headed.—
Capsule turbinate, angular, (from being pressed one against ano-
ther,) two-celled, circumcised.— Seeds minute, very numerous, oblong.

NAUCLEA Schreb. Gen. N. 295.

Flowers aggregate, on a globular receptacle. Corollets funnel-
shaped. Germs inferior, two celled, cells many-seeded, attachment
interior. Capsules two-celled. Seeds many, imbricated, and winged.
Embryo inverse, and furnished with a perisperm.

1. N. undulata, R.

Arboreous, branches brachiate. Leaves petioled, ovate-oblong,
waved. Stipules elliptic, length of the petioles. Flowers terminal,
solitary. Capsules united.

A native of the Molluccas, from thence introduced into the bo-
tanic garden at Calcutta in 1789, where the trees blossom in May
and June, the seeds take above a year to ripen.

Trunk perfectly straight to the top of the tree. Branches brachi-
ate. Bark smooth, tliat of the ligneous parts brown, that of the ten-
der parts green. Height of ten year old trees, from fifteen to twenty.
five feet.— Leaves opposite, petioled, ovate-oblong and oblong, waved,
entire, polished on both sides ; from six to twelve inches long by from
three to six broad.— Petioles coloured, slightly channelled, about two
inches long.—Stipules elliptic, length of the petioles, smooth.— Pe-
duntles terminal, solitary, drooping, each bearing a single, large glo-
bular, aggregate head of numerous, small, most beautiful, yellow, fra-

ee

118 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNYA. Nauelex.

grant florets—Bracte, a smal], withering, somewhat four-toothed
ring near the base of the pedancles, and hid by the stipules.—Calya,
common none, or very obscure; proper, of one, fleshy cup, cut into-
four or five, clavate segments.—Corol funnel-shaped, much longer than
the perianth ; yellow and fragrant; divisions of the border four, or
five, oval, obtuse.—Filaments scarcely any. Anthers on the five fis-
sures of the border of the corol_—Germs inferior, grown together,
two-celled, with many ovula in each, attached to their proper recep-
tacles, projecting downwards from their attachment to the partition a
little above its middle. Style much longer than the corol. Stigma
large, oblong, with the apex somewhat two-lobed.— Fruit the size of
asmall apple, rough with the remains of the segments of the calyx,
now forming five conic knobs, on the crown of each of the partial
seed vessels, which are all firmly grown together, each of these are

two-cellec.— Seeds 1arely more than one in each cell, and fragrant,

not one of the whole being abortive, they are oblong, not winged but

crowned with a fleshy gland which unites them to the receptacle on
the partition. Integsuments uncertain, from the smallness of the seed.

—Perisperm conform to the seed.— Embryo inverse, nearly as long

as the perisperm. Cotyledons oblong. Kad.cle oval, superior.

-2. N. cordata, R.*

Leaves petioled, broad-ovate-cordate, obtuse, coriaceous, smooth,
Stipules obovate. Flowers terminal, solitary. Capsules united.

A native of Ceylon, reared from seed sent from thence in 1802,
to the botanic garden at Calcutta by General Hay Macdowall, where
the young trees blossomed in May and June, i808, and the seeds
ripened in the cold season.

Trunk straight up through the branches to the very top of the
tree. Bark of alight greenish ash-colour. Branches spreading, hori-
zontal, forming a broad-ovate, shady head, general height of our six

* N. coadunata, Sir J. E. Smithin Rees Cycl. in loco; this work should be cone

sulted on the genera Nauclea, Uncaria and Cephalanthus, whieh probably are one.
and the same.—.N. W,

~ Nauclea. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 119

years old trees from fifteen, to twenty-feet.— Leaves opposite, shorte
petioled; from round-cordate to ovate-cordate, obtuse, entire, co.
riaceous, smooth; marked with prominent, alternate veins; the upper
surface shining dark green, the under one paler; length from three to
nine inches, and from two to eight broad.— Petioles roundish, smooth,
about an inch or an inch and a half long.—Stipules interfoliaceous
large, roundish, or obovate, apex rounded, marked with numerous,
fine veins, caducous.—Peduncles terminal, solitary, and generally in
the small lateral branchlets, drooping, each supporting alarge, beau-
tiful, globular, aggregate head of very fragrant bright-yellow florets.
.— Bracte a small, irregularly four-toothed, withering ring round the
peduncles, near the base, within the stipules.— Calyx, common none,
or very obscure ; proper deeply cut into four or five, fleshy, cla-
vate, permanent segments, which thicken as the fruit advances in size.
— Florets funnel-shaped, four or five-parted, Divisions obovate, ob-
tuse.—Filaments very short, from the mouth of the tube just under
the fissures of its border. Anthers cordate.—Germ inferior, com-
pletely united to each other, their whole length two-celled, each con-
taining many imbricated seeds attached. to a receptacle rising from
the partition a little above its middle. Style much longer than the
corol. Stigma oblong, apex obscurely two-lobed, of a beautiful pearl
colour.— Fruit aggregate, size of a small apple, round, rough, with
the obtuse, fleshy permanent portions of the divisions of the calyces ;
the partial seed vessels thereof are firmly united, angular, ine
versely conical, two-celled, with a few oblong, imbricated seeds in
each, besides a number of small, brown scales, which are the abor=
tive ovula, as may be seen by the structure of the germ as well as
by their being attached to the same central receptacle; the full
grown seeds are crowned with a greenish, fleshy gland, to which the
umbilical cord is fixed. Albumen conform to the seed.— Embryo
inverse, straight. Cotyledons oval. Plumula minute.— Radicle
cylindric, superior.

|
j
1
j

120 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNYTAs Nauclez,

3. N. macrophylla, R.

Leaves stem-clasping, narrow-oval, obtuse, villous underneath.
Stipules lanceolate. Peduncles terminal, solitary, one-flowered.

From Amboyna this magnificent tree was introduced into the
botanic garden at Calcutta, in 1797. In 1810, they began to blos.
som in June, the trees were then fifty feet high, and the truak of
the largest rather above three feet in circumference, four feet above
ground, while young their growth was not rapid.* |

Trunk perfectly straight, like the pines, to the very top of the
tree, Bark smooth, dark brown. Branches decussate. Branchlets
round and smooth.— Leaves opposite, stem-clasping, broad-oblong,
entire, obtuse, and though they completely embrace the branchlets,
yet taper more toward the much waved base than the apex, somes
what villous particularly underneath, veins parallel ; /ength from eight
to twenty-four inches, and broad in proportion, when the trees were
young, they were even more than two feet lons.—Séipules opposite,
linear-lanceolate, concave, smooth and veinless, about three inches
long.— Peduncles terminal, solitary, length of the stipules, recurvate,
giving support to a single most beautiful flower, of full three inches
in diameter, and sweet smelling, the corollets are very numerous, of
a pale yellow-colour; and the stigmas, which project far beyond them,
are pure white.—Common calyx none ; proper perianth of five, long,
clavate leaflets. Corol funnel-shaped. Tube slender, widening gente
Jy to the mouth; segments five, ovate-oblong, spreading.— Filaments
none. Anthers attached to the mouth of the tube of the corol, un-
der the fissures of its border, sagittate—Germ numerous, distinct,
inferior, somewhat wedge-shaped, two-celled, with numerous, Ime
bricated ovu/a in each, attached to every part of a free linear recep-
tacle, which is united to the partition, a little above its middle, and
descends deep into each cell, in fact, it is exactly that of Gzrtner’s
Oldenlandia corymbosa, i. 147. t. SO, inverted. Style twice the

length of the corol. Stigma clavate, somewhat two-lobed.

# The trunk of this noble tree measures now (April 1822), five feet two inches
at the above-mentioned distance from the base.~N. W.

Nauclec, PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA- 12h

4. N. Cadamba, R.*

Leaves petioled, ovate. Stipules triangular. Peduncles terminal,
solitary ; divisions of the calyx linear, Capsules four-celled at top.
and two-celled at the base ; seeds without a wing.

Sung. <tq:, Neepa, ied Priyuka, and qaqqr Kudumbe..

Beng. Kudum
Katou-tsjaka, Rheed. Mal. 3.t. 33.

Is common about Calcutta, where it grows.to be a large tree and

is not only highly ornamental but very useful from the extensive.

close shade it yields. Flowering time the hot season. Seed ripe:
in October and November.

Trunk. evect, and perfectly straight, bark. smooth, dark grev.
Branches numerous, horizontal.— Leaves opposite, between bifari-
ous and decussate, spreading, petioled, oval, smooth, entire, nerves
many, and simple ; from five to ten inches long.— Peéivles smooth,
about an inch and a half long.— Séepules interfoliaceous, triangular.
—Flowers solitary, terminal, aggregate ; corodlets numerous, forming
a large, perfectly globular, beautiful, Saige eae head with the
large white clubbed stigmas projecting.—Calyx, common none. Pro)
per, five-parted.—Corol as in the genus, only the divisions are never
recurved.—Capsules inferior, four-sided, tapering from the apex to
the base, near the top it is composed of four, distinct, hard cells, une
der the common envelope; the lower two-thirds is two-celled only.
-~—Seeds numerous, very small, angular, brown colour. :

5. N. glabra, R.

Leaves eilipticand smooth. Stipules linear.—Peduncles terminal,
tern ; divisions of the calyx triangular.—Stigma globose; seeds threey
or four in each cell.

A native of the Moluccas.

* tis difficult to say whether this is Linnens’s N- orientalis or not- If Rheede’s Ka-
tou. Tgyjaka is thisspecies, Roxburgh’s must undoubtedly be so too, Abbé Poiret quates
the former for his citrifolia, (Encycl. bot. iv, 435); and Lam. Ii}. tab. 153. f, 1, which
is: widely different, for orientalis.—N. W.

ye

122 i PENTANDRIA HONOGYNIA. Nauclea.

6. N. parvifolia, Willd. spec. i. 929. Roxb. Corom: i. 40. tab. 52.
Branches and branchlets brachiate. Leaves ovate. Stipules oval.
Flowers terminal, one or three. Seeds imbricated, membrane-winged,

Teling. Bota kudumee.

This grows to be a large tree; isa native of almost every part of
the coast of Coromandel, but chiefly up amongst the mountains.
Flowers during the cold season. . j

Trunk straight. Bark brownish-grey, and cracked. Branches _
opposite, numerous, spreading, forming a large oval, shady head.—
Leaves opposite, decussate, petioled, ovate, entire, smooth.— Petioles
channelled.—Stipules large, oblong, obtuse, glutinous, caducous.—
Peduncles terminal, single or three, when three the middle one is
shortest; near the apex jointed, and bracted, each supporting a
single, globular, naked head of corollets.—Bractes two, opposite,
near the extremity of the peduncle, oval, caducous.—Corollets small,
light yellow.—Calyr, common none; common receptacle chafty,
wedge-form, hairy at theirinsertions. Proper perianth very mimute,
entire.—Corol one-petalled, funnel-form. Tube widening. Border
five-parted ; divisions pointed, spreading.— Filaments five, short, in-
serted just within the mouth of the tube. Anthers erect, oblong,
pointed above.—Germ beneath. Style thread-form, nearly twice
the length of the corol. Sézgma large, resting on the style (like the
cap of liberty.)—Capsules turbinate, covered with a scabrous crust
or bark, which splits irregularly when the seeds are ripe; within are
the proper two-celled capsules, each consisting of one valve, open-
ing round the apex and down on the inside.—Seeds several, very
minute, oblong, tailed, inversely imbricated round the outside of
their receptacle, with insertions downwards.

Obs. Vhe wood is of alight chesnut colour, firm and close grain-
ed, is used for various purposes where it can be kept dry, but exposed
to wet it soon rots.

7. N. cordifolia, Willd. spec. i.929. Roxb. Corom. i. 40. tab. 53.*

* Specimens have been sent to me by my plant-collector from the vicinity of
Shree-nugur, where the tree is called Totro.—N. W.

Nauclea. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 123

Leaves opposite, round-cordate, downy underneath, Flowers ax-
illary, from one to three. Segments of the calyx clavate ; seeds mem-
brane-winged, not imbricated.

Beng Keliekudum. ~

Teling. Daduga.

This like the foregoing species, grows to be a very large tree; it is
a native of the mountains of the coast of Coromandel. Flowers
during the wet season. The seeds ripen about April.

Trunk tolerably straight. Bark like that of the former. Branches
very numerous, horizontal, forming a very large, shady head.— Leaves
opposite, decussate, petioled, broad-cordate, pointed, entire, above
pretty smooth; downy underneath, particularly when young, beau-
tifully reticulated with small veins; from four to twelve inches
each way.—Petioles round, a little downy ; from two to three inches
long.— Stipules, as in the last species. —Peduncles axillary, from one
to four, round, downy, length of the petioles, near the apex joiated,
and bracted, each supporting a single globular head, —Bractes oval,
caducous.— Flowers as in the former.—Calyxz, common one. Com-
mor receptacle as in the preceding species. Proper perianth above,
five-parted ; divisions clavate.—Corollets, stamens, germ, and style as
in the former species. Stigma clavate-—Capsules wedge-form, the
other parts as in the foregoing species.— Seeds about six in each cell,
surrounding their receptacle, oblong, not imbricated, membrane-
winged at the extremities, the lower ones pointed, the uppertwo-forked.

Obs. The wood of this tree is exceedingly beautiful, its colour is
like that of the bor-tree, but much lighter, and at the same time very
close grained. It is to be had of a large size, from one to two feet,
or more in diameter, and is used for almost every purpose where it
can be kept dry. For furniture it answers exceedingly well, being
light and durable.

8. N. purpurea, Willd. spec. i. 929. Roxb. Corom.i. 41. tab. 54.*

: * a (major et minor) Romph- Amb. iii. 84. tab. 55. quoted by Willdenow
or the species and by Lamarck for his Cephalanthue chinensis, Eacycl, bot, {. 678,
does net belong to this Species,—N, W.

Bs

“IS¢ PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA- Nauclea;

Leaves petioled, oblong, very smooth. Flowers termiual, from one

‘to three, segments of the calyx clavate. Seeds very numerous, mem-
-brane-winged, imbricated.

Teling. Bagada. '

A small tree, a native of the moist’ vallies up amongst the ‘Circar
mountains. Flowering time the beginning of the hot season.

Trunk irregular.— Bark scabrous, ash-coloured.— Branches oppo-
site, decussated.— Leaves opposite, decussated, short-petioled, ob-
‘long, —pomted, entire, very smoothand shining both above and below,
‘from four to nine inches-long, and broad in proportion.— Stzpules
as in the two preceding species.— Peduncles terminal, one or three.
—flowers larger than in either of the former species, purple.—Calyz,
common none. Receptacle almost naked. Proper perianth asin N.
cordifolia.—Corol, stamens and pistillum as in the former species.
Stigma globular. Capsules turbinate, (the outer covering wanting,)
two-celled ; the cells two-valved, opening from the base.—Seeds nu-
“merous, most minute, imbricated with their insertion upwards.

Q.N., sesstlifolia, R.

Leaves oblong, sessile, base somewhat cordate, embracing the
branchlets; apex rounded. lowers terminal, solitary. Capsule
four-valved.

A large tree, a native of the forests of Chittagong, where it blos-
soms from January till March.

10. N. rotundifolia, R.

Leaves petioled, rounc-oval, obtuse. Stipules oblong, obtuse,
many-nerved, Flowers terminal, sub-panicled. Capsules distinct.

A middling sized tree, a native of Chittagong, where it blossoms
in October, and the seeds ripen in March.

11..N. ovalifolza.
Feaves sessile, oval and elliptic. Flowers terminal, solitary.

Uncaria. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 125

A tree, a native of the forests of Szlhet, where it is called Shal by

the natives.

12. N. tetrandra, R.*

Leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, villous. Flowers terminal;
corollets tetrandrous, a black gland between the four segments of
the calyx and corollets.

Beng. Shwet Kudum (white kudum.)

An elegant small tree, a native of Sithet. Here it grows to thie
height of from ten to twenty feet, with a distinct, erect trunk. Flower-
ing time the hot season.

Branchlets straight, round, very downy.— Leaves from opposite
to quatern, short-petioled, ovate-lanceolate, entire, acuminate, downy
underneath, from three to five inches long, and rarely 30 much as two
broad.-—Stipules within the leaves, acuminate.— Inflorescence termi-
val. Flowers peduncied, from three to a verticelled panicle.— Feri-
anth proper four-toothed, with a little black gland between. Corollets
funnel-shaped, yellow, intermized with fikform, clavate scales; bor-
der four-parted, with alittle black gland between, as in the calyx.—
Filaments scarcely any. Anthers four, erect, attached to the mouth
of the tube of the corollet—Germ inferior, very minute, but clearly”
two-celled; only one ovuda in each could be cbserved. Style longer
than the corollets. Stigma headed.

UNCARIA. Schreb. Gen. N. $11.

Flowers aggregate, on a globular receptacle. Calyr, common sim-
ple, remote ; proper, five-parted. Corollets funnel-shaped. Germ
inferior, two-celled ; ce//s many-seeded, attachment iaterior. Capsules i

© N. tomentosa, Willd. MS. fide Syst. veg. v. 221, scems to be this species. Ihave
specimens collected at Silhet by Mr. Francis De Silva, successor to the late Mr. R. !
M. Smith, who informs me that the flowers are very fragrant, which ia peculiarly the -
€ase with those of N, Cadamba-—N. W.

ELE

126 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.- Unesris.

pedicelled, two-celled partitions parallel. | Seeds many, imbricated,
membrane-winged. Embryo inverse, and furnished with a perisperm.

Our East India plants belonging to this genus are very permanent,
ciriferous ramblers;. with opposite, stipulate leaves. Flowers gle
bular, terminal, or axillary, and for the most part the capsules ped.
celled, and in that state like globular umbellets which (with the hae
bit,) separates them from Nauclea.

1. U. Gambier, Hunter in Linn. transact. ix. 218, tab. 22.—
Fleming in Asiat. Res, xi. 187-*

Leaves ovate-lanceolate. Peduncles axillary, solitary. Capsules
clavate, pedicelled.

Funis uncatus angustifolius. Rump. amb. 5. P. 63. t. 34. f.
2 and 3.

A stout, scandent shrub, a native of Pulo-Pinang, Sumatra,
Malacca, &c.

Leaves opposite, short-petioled, from ovate-oblong, to ovate-lan-
ceolate, entire, acute ; smooth on both sides ; about four inches long,
and two broad.—St¢pules oblong, uniting the upper margin of the
base of the petioles, caducous.— Tendrils axillary, solitary, or in op-
posite pairs, simple, recurved, hooked.— Peduncles axillary, solitary,
about the middle jointed and bracted, supporting a single globular
head, of beautiful, green and pink, small aggregate corollets.—
Bractes, about the middle of the peduncle, a three- or four-cleft ane
mular perianth-like cup.— Perianth, common, no other than the just
mentioned bracte; proper sericeous on the outside with a five-cleft
border.—Corollets ; tube filiform; border of five obtuse divisions,
villous on the outside, and hairy in the centre of the inside.— Fila-
menis short. Anthers large, on the mouth of the tube.—Germ bes
neath, turbinate, sub-sessile, sericeous. Style as long’as the tube
of the corol. Stigma clavate.—Capsules pedicelled, clavate, longis
tudinally grooved, crowned with the five-cleft permanent calyx, twos
celled, two-valved.—Seeds numerous, imbricated, winged.

* Rees’s Cyclop.under Nauclea.—N. W.

Uncaria. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 127

Obs. Gambier is the Malay name of an extract, prepared from the
Jeaves of this plant. And I believe one of the drugs, if not the only
one, formerly called Terra Japonica in Europe. For the following
acccun( thereof lam indebted to Dr. Charles Campbell, of Bencoolen,
who says:

“ This material ig called by the Malays Gambier. It is chewed by
the natives mingled with Bele leaf and areca after the manner in
which the Cuéch is used on the continent of India.

“With some sweetness it has a more highly concentrated astrin-
gent principle than Terra Japonica. 3 am solicitous that a trial should
also be made of its power in tanning.

‘‘Tn regard to the natural history of the Gambier it is procured
from a climber little known to the Botanic Garden.

“Ttis the Funis uncatus, or Daun Gatta Gambier of Rumphius.
Herb. Amboine. vol. vy. tab. 34. The variety from which it is chietly
made is that denominated by Rumphius the Funis uncatus angus:
tifolius.

‘“‘ The preparation is simple, the young shoot and leaves are shred
and bruised in water for some hours, until a feculum is deposited ;
this, inspissated in the sun to the consistence of a paste, is thrown
into moulds of a circular form, and in this state the Gambier is
brought to market,

¢ Rumphius has fallen into an error in asserting that Gambier is not
made from this plant, for in my journey to Cochin-China J had an
opportunity of inspecting the whole process, having resided some
days ata small village near the foot of the mountain, where the Sultan
of Moco has established a colony for the purpose of carrying on the
manufacture to a considerable extent.

“The price at which it can be procured from the Northern parts
on this coast, [have ascertained to be nearly ten dollars per hun-
dred weight, it can be supplied in any quantity desired, for the plant
abounds in these districts, and the mode of eliciting the astringent mat
ter is such as requires neither much attention nor labeur.”

So far Dr. Campbell. But in other parts to the Eastward of the

128 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Uncearia.

Bay of Bengal I learn that the process is carried on by boiling the
leaves and young shoots; evaporating the decoction by fire and the
lieat of the sun. When sufficiently inspissated, it is spread out thia
and cut into little square cakes and dried.

The same substance is mentioned by Marsden in his History of
Sumatra, at p. 242-3, who refers fora particular detail of the cul-
tivation of the plant and manufacture of the Gambier, to the 2d
volume of the Transactions of the Batavian Society.

9. U. ovalifolia, R-

Leaves oval, entire, smooth. Peduncles axillary and terminal,
compound. Capsules and common receptacle villous.

A native of the Island of Pulo-Pinang.

Trunk and branches woody, climbing to a great extent. Bark
dark-brown.— Leaves opposite, petioled and obovate, pointed,
smooth on both sides, entire; from three to six inches long.— Petioles
short, recurved, channelled.—Peduncles axillary and terminal, ex-
pandig, bearing from one to three aggregate flowers. —Pedicels
nearly as long as the peduncles, bracted and jointed at the middle.
— Bracies sheathing, with the mouth from two- to six-cleft.—Calyz,
common perianth none. Receptacle globular, villous. Proper pe-
rianth above, five-toothed.—Corol, aggregate, equal, globular. Co.
rollets numerous, funnel-shaped; tube very long and slender ; border
of five obovate divisions — Filaments scarcely any. Anthers affixed
to the mouth of the tube.—Germ beneath. Style the length of the
corol. Stigma clavate.—Capsules two-celled, villous.—Seeds nu-
merous, minute, imbricated from the base of the receptacle.

3. U. pedicellata, R.

Leaves ovate-cordate. Peduncles axillary, solitary, undivided.
Corollets long-pedicelled.

A native of the Molucca Islands,

Uncaria. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA: 129

Addition by N. YW.

I have specimens of a pleat which may perhaps be this species.
They were collected at Pinang by Mr. Jack and labelled U.
cirshiflora, Roxb. with advubt. As Dr. Roxburgh has not furnish
ed any detailed description, it is difficult tu say to which of these
two species they belung. From the last mentioned they differ in not
being smooth; from sclerophylig in having acute, less rounded, soft
leaves. They belong to an extensively climbing shrub. Branches
quadragular, while young covered with much rust-coloured tomens
tum, as are also the young leaves, peduncles, and flowers. Leaves
leathery, ovate, acute or sub acuminate, base rounded, entire or
slightly retuse, about five inches long, upper surface polished and
shining, under one villous aud soft, with sub-opposite parallel ap-
proximate nerves, each having an axillary glandular hairy foveola, as
indeed is very generally the case with the Naucleas; ceius trans-
versal, elegantly reticulate. Fet:ols short, villous. Séépules ovate,
acute, bifid, villous, almvst equalling the petioles, caducous, Tendrils
axillary, opposite, villous, flattened, recurved and hooked, from one to
two inches long. Fedunc.es axiilary, horizontal, flattened at the base,
three inches long, having a joint aud two opposite bractes above
the middle. Flowers very numerous, on long peduncles, densely
covered with ferruginous tomentum, forming around head of about
au inch and a half iu diameter. 1 have mot seen the opened fow-

ers,—N aW

4. U. cirrhiflora, R.

Leaves ovate-oblong, smooth. Stipules bifid. Peduncles,a cona
tinuauons of the recurved tendrils.

A native of the Malay Islands.

5. U. acida, Hunter.*

© Hunter, 1. cit. 223. Sir J. B. Smith quotes fiz. 1. of Rumphtius’s above menthe
oned plate for this species, Cinchone sp. Retz. obs. iv. 6.—C, fattakonbar, Retz: jum
Gide syst, veg. v. M4I=N, Wo
Q

130; PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Wncar it.

Leaves ovate, smooth. Stipules deeply two-cleft. Flowers so-
litary on the bracted apices of the tendrils.

Found by Dr. Hunter on Pulo-Pinang. The leaves Dr. H.
observes are acid, hence the specific name.

«6. U. -selerophylla,' Hunter. * ;

Branches four-sided, pubescent. Leaves elliptic, pointed, rigid.
Stipules lunate, two-lobed. Peduncles axillary, solitary.

Found by Dr. Hunter on the Hills of Pulo-Pinang.

7..U. sesstlifrucius, R.

Leaves oblong, smooth*above, soft underneath. Peduneles axil-
Jary, and from one tothree-flowered ; also terminal, and many-fower-
ed. - Capsules sessile.

A large scandent shrub, supported by strong, spiral, axillary hooks;

a mative of the forests of Chittagong. Flowering time the cool sea-
son.

8. U. pilosa, R.

All the tender parts very hairy. Leaves ovate-oblong, acuminate,
Stipules two-parted. Peduncles axillary, one-flowered.

4A stout scandent shrub; supported by strong, hairy, axillary, spiral
hooks ; a native of the forests of Chittagon .
bruary and March,

g, where it flowers in Fe-

Addition by N. W.

This is Sir J.B. Smith’s U. scandens, Rees’s Encycl. in loco; but
his synonym of Rumphius, Funis uncatus lanosus, heb. amb. v.
65. tab. 34. f. 3, belongs probably to my-U. danosa, (see below.) TI
have found it in the forest at Sankoo in the valley of Nipal and at
Bheempedi ; blossoming in April and May.

A climbing shrub with numerous branches, all parts of which are
clothed with dense, ferruginous, soft hairs; young shoots sericeous.

we Hunter et Smith, ut sapra.—N. W.

Onearia. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 13k

—Stem sub-cylindric, very obscurely quadrangular, with grayish bark,
‘about an inch in diameter ; the wood is remarkably porous tike that
ofa ratan, tlie centre of it quadrangular, and filled with brownish
-fulgent pith.— Branches very long and slender, bluntly four-cornered,
their upper ends four-furrowed. Hooks axillary, opposite, about two
inches lovg, hairy, recurved, tapering from a very broad and flat
base into a round apex which Is crowned by a vestige of the bractes.
—TLeaves opposite, spreading, sub-bifarious, generally Jarger than
their interstices, ovate, acuminate, sometimes sub-cordate, from.
five to seven inches long, very hairy on both sides, chiefly below,
where they are marked with sub-opposite obliquely arched nerves-
and parailel reticulate veins; the upper surface roughish, aad somes
whiat rugose; acumen linear, two-thirds of an inch long.— Petiols
very short, round, and hairy.— Stipules interpetiolary, deeply bipartite,
almost diphyllous ; segments lanceolate, acute, longer than the petiols,
with recurved apex.—Peduncles axillary, opposite, divaricate, nearlp
three inches long, flat at the base, from thence tapering; at the
exterior one-third of their length they are jomted and bear a verticil

of about six small linear-lanceolate bractes, which are three lines long,”

hairy withcut, smooth within; they fall off together with the apex of
the peduncle, after which the remaining two-thirds become the above.
mentioned recurved hooks.— Flowers very numerous, whitish, hairy,
forming round dense heads of two inches in diameter.— Lacinie of
ihe calyx linear, sub-clavate, obtuse, very hairy.— Tube of the corulla
filiform, remarkably long. Style exserted, capillary. Stigma clavate.

, 9. U. lanosa, Wall.

Shrubby, scandent, clothed with long spreading hairs. Leaves
Janceolate-ovate, acuminate, smootherabove, sbort-petioled. Stipules
evate, membranous, two-leaved, recurved. Peduncles short, becom-
ing hooks. Corolle almost smooth. Capsules on long pedicels.

A native of forests at Pinang; communicated by Mr. Jack, sur-
geon to Sir Stamford Raffles, the governor of Sumatra,

A climbing shrub; all the upper parts densely clothed with long
spreading ferruginous, soft, shining hairs,— Branches opposite, spread-

02

ee

dopanetipasediesiteaing

a

125 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Uncavia,

ing, sub-quadrangular.— Leaves spreading, ovate- lanceolate, tapering
inioa linear, slender acumen, entire ; base somewhat acute, from three
to four inches long, on very short petiols, the underside very hairy,
with the rib and oblique neives much elevated, finely reticulate; ups
per surfacesmoother.— Stipules in opposite pairs, membrauaus, ovate,
acute, hairy without, smooth within, rather longer than the petiols, re«
curved, persistent.—-Peduncles axillary, opposite, about an inch long,
hairy, compressed at the base ; the verticil of bractes consisting of four
lanceolate leaflets ; after their apex has fallen off they become slen-
der, rather sl.o:t, recurved hooks. | Heads about two inches in dia-
meter.—Calycine lacini@ linear, ciliate, hairy without. Tube of the
corolla capillary, long, smooth; dacinia lancevlate, a litle hary.—
Capsule long-pedicelled, smooth, ash-coloured, clavate-obiong,
crowned, measuring about five lines in length ; the external membrane
thin, separating soon after maturity.—Seeds very small; wings uns
equal, the lower one smaller, bifid.

Vbs. It comes very near to U. scandens, Smith: which as I have
remarked above is the same as Roxburgh’s U. piiosa. Lt differs in
having longer and more distinct hairs ; the leaves being narrower and
rather shorter, acute and not rounded or retuse at the base; she sti-
pules bemg broader, decidedly two-leaved, membranous; peduncles
shorter; the corolle almost smooth. Jt appears to be a sleaderer
shrub.

10, U. macrophylla, Wall.

Shrubby, scandent. Leaves petioled, broad-ovate, acuminate,
smooth and shining above, villous, strongly nerved, and reticulate
underneath. Heads solitary, axillary, covered with grey tomentum.

I lave received abundance of specimens with flowers and unripe
capsules from Mr. Francis D’Silva, my plant-collector at Sulhet,
who tells me the shrub flowers in September.

Beng Luta-Kudum.

A very large, ramous, scandent shrub. Branches four-sided, pubes
scent, with two opposite furrows. Leaves large, coriaceous, broad=
ovate, shost-acuminate, base rounded and entire, from six to seven

- Rondeletia, PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 133

inches long, the upper suiface smooth and shining, the under one vil.
lous, its vessels much elevated, the nerves parallel, sub-opposite, unit-
ing by intra-marginal, arched anastomoses, veins very numerous, pa-
rallel, transversal, reticulate. Petioles about half an inch long,
villous, flattish above. The stipules must be very dec.duvus, for
there is nothing but the transversal traces of thew insertion to be
seen in my numerous specimens. Peduncles opposite, axillary, or
terminal, about two inches long, covered with ferruginous villosity,
flattish, standing straight out; about five lines under the apex
they are jointed and surrounded with five or six lanceolate, spread-
ing, villous bractes.— Head \arge and globular, consisting of numer-
ous slender flowers, the outside of which is covered with ash-co-
loured dense pubescence. Calycine (aciniz linear, almost hoary.
Tube of the corolla very jong and slender. immature capsules cla-
vate, thin, short-peduncled, densely covered with grey tomentum,
crowned by the lengthened calyciue lacinia,

Obs. This fine species comes very near to Roxburgh’s sessz/i-
folia, but differs in having decidedly petioled leaves. My speci.
mens want the hooked appendages or thorns; but there can be no
doubt that they exist in this as in all she other species.

RONDELETYTA. Schreb. Gen. N. 296.

Calyr five-toothed. Cured infundibuliform. Germ inferior, two-
celled, cells many-seeded, attachment interior. Stzgma two-cleft.
Cupsule two-celled, two-valved ; seeds many-

1. R. paniculata, R.
Arboreous. Leaves sub-sessile, oblong-ventricose, tapering at
both ends, smooth. Svzzpules round, recurvate. Panicles terminal,
sub-brachiate.
A native of the Malay Islands. It was brought from Amboyna by
Captain Anderson, to the Botanic Garden at Calcutta, where it
_ blossoms in March, April, May and June.

134 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Rondeletia,

Trunk straight. Branches decussate. Bark smooth, brown on
the older parts ; on the younger green.— Leaves opposite, sub-sessile,
oblong-ventricose, tapering at both ends, above smooth, underneath
somewhat villous, entire, from four to ten inches long, and from
two to four or five broad.—Séipules within the petioles, round-
reniform, recurved, smooth.—Panicles terminal, and from the exte-
rior axils; the former brachiate, the latter have the whole of their
ramifications alternate; they are all round and villous.— Mowers mi-
nute, pure white, very numerous, sessile, or short-pedicelled, on the
short, alternate, ultimate ramifications of the panicle — Braces of the
ramifications large, and of various forms : those of the flowers, severe
al, minute ; all are villous.—Ca/y,r villous ; segments five, roundish.—
Coral ; tube perfectly cylindric ; border of five, ovate, revolute
segments, which are much shorter than the tube.—Fi/aments short,
inserted into the bottom of the fissures at the border of the corol-
Anthers ovate, incumbent.—Germ inferior, roundish, two-celledy
each containing many ovula attached to an elevated receptacle on the
centre of the partition, S¢yle rather longer than the tube of the -
corol. Séigma of two, large, sub-rotund, spreadimg lobes.—Capsules
minute, round, twoecelled, two-valved, opening across the apex..
Seeds very minute, number, shape, &c. uncertain, as they scarcely
ever come to their full size. |

2. R. tinctoria, R.
Arboreous, Leaves petioled, oblong-lanceolar, smooth. Stipules

triangular, cuspidate, Panicles terminal, decussate; flowers tern.

Beng. Toola-lodh.

A small tree, of about ten or twelve feet in height; a native of
Burdwan and Midnapoor, in Bengal, where it blossoms im January
and February; the seeds ripen in May,

Trunk straight, rather short, about as thick as a man’s leg. Bark
covered with a dark brown, slightly crooked, spongy lamina; in-
wardly fibrous, yellowish, and astringent. Branchlets opposite,
young shoots four-sided, and densely clothed with short, ferruginous

hairs.— Leaves opposite, rarely tern, petioled, from oblong to lanceo-

Rondeletia, PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 135

-

lar, entire, smooth above, a few hairs, particularly on the nerve and
veins underneath ; from folir to six inches long, and from one to two and
half broad.— Petioles short, and somewhat winged, arising from the
decurrency of the leaves, hairy.— Stipules triangular, with ensiform api«
ces, hairy op both sides.— Panicles termina), large, composed of many,
opposite, compound, four-sided, hairy branches and branchlets.—
Bractes numerous, hairy ; those of the ultimate divisions of the panicle
ensifurm, with a hastate base, and embracing three flowers; besides
which each flower is furnished with a small proper bracte.— Flowers
very uumerous, small, white, sub-sessile, fasicled, and on the extremities
of the ramifications, always in opposite fascicles of three.—Cal/yr five-
toothed, hairy, permanent.—Curol one-petalled. Tube slender,
many times longer than the calyx.—Segmeuts ovate, spreading.—
Filaments very short, inserted immediately under the fissures of the
division of the border of the corol, in the mouth of the tibe.—An-
thers incumbent.—Germ inferior, turbinate, two-celled, each con-
taining many ovula attached to the elevated centre ef the partition.
—Style as long as the tube. Stegma two-lobed ; lobes oblong.—
Capsule spherical, size of a small grain of millet, dry, brown, crown
ed with the remaining calyx, two-celled, twoevalved, opening across
the apex contary to the partition.—Seeds few, very minute, and im-
perfect, so much so that I have not been able to ascertain their inter-
nal structure.

Obs. Its bark is employed by the natives as a mordant in some
of their dyes, hence the specific name.

8. R. erserta, R.*
Arboreous. Leaves petioled, broad-lanceolar, Stipules semilu-

* This is a rather common tree in various parts of Nipal, where it blossoms during
the summer. it variesso much in the form and villosity of the leaves, and the more
or less crowded fascicles of flowers, that [suspect at least two species are cone
founded under it, which Iam unable at present to distinguish satisfactorily. The
recurved, reniform, terminal appendix of the stipules is sometimes so larye, as to
give the petioles the appearance of being auriculate.—R. orissensis, Roth. fide syste
veg. v. 234, and probably also R. Heynit (thyrsifora, Roth. MS.) ibid. belong to this
species.—N. W.

my

£36 PENTANDRIA MONGGYNIA. Rondeletia.

nar, reflexed. Puanicies terminal. Corolsub-campanulate. Stamens
exsert. Capsules many-seeded.

A native of the interior parts of Bengal, and particulerly over the
ruins of the ancient city of Gour; Mr. Henry Creighton found it there,
aud sent plants to the Botauic Garden at Calcutta, where they thrive
luxuriantly, and blossom in March, at which period they form one of
its greatest ornaments. .

Lrunk evect. Bark ashecoloured. Branches opposite, spreading,
er even drooping. Branchlets villous: height in ten years above
twenty feet.— Leaves opposite, petioled, broad-lanceolar, entire,
soft with down on both sides; general length from four to six inches.
— Petioles short, flaton the upper side, downy.— Stipules semiluuar,
seflexed, downy.—FPanicles terminal, very large, diffuse, ovate; ra-
mifications reund and downy.— Bractes sub-ensiform, varying much
in size.—Flowers very numerous, small, pure white, fragrant.—
Calyx small, five-toothed, hoary.—Corod. Tube short, and cone

tracted at the mouth by five elevations on the inside; the five-obleng
segments of the border recurved.— Filaments from the five ribs of

the tube of the coro], nearly as long as the border. Anthers incum-
bent—Germ beneath. Stigma large, two-cleft.—Capsule minute,
villous, crowned with the withered calys, two-celled, opening at
the apex within the calyx.—Seeds many in each cell, small, rugose,
attached to an elevated receptacle, which is attached to the middle
of the partition.

4 R. tetrandra, R.

Shrubby. Leaves lanceolate, sessile. Stipules pinnatifid. Flowers
axillary, glomerate, tetrandrous. Capsule many-seeded.

A shrubby species; a native of Pulo-Pinang.

Stem straight ; branches erect, smooth, four-sided, with the angles
sharp on the young shoots.— Leaves opposite, sessile, lanceolate,
smooth.— Stipules sub-pinnatifid, containing the inside of the base
of the leaves, tapering to an awl’d point.— Flowers numerous, shorte
peduncled, crowded in the axills, and mixed with many, lanceolate,

Rondelelia. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 137

ciliate bractes.—Calyx, corol, stamens, and pistil as in the genus,

— Capsule small, black, angular.—Seeds numerous, immersed in the
rece placies,-as in a nidus.

5. R. scundens, R.

Shrubby, scandent, smooth, Leaves opposite, petioled, oblong,
entire. Panicles axillary, small, brachiate. Capsules globular. Seeds
pbumerous, small.

Found indigenous on the Island of Mauritius by Colonel Hardwick
in flower and with ripe seed in June and July.

Additions by N. W.

6. R. longifolia, Wall.

Leaves ciliptic- oblong, acuminate, greatly tapering downwards,
villous underneath, Panicle smooth, trichotomous. Flowers ter-
nate, with glandular calyces.

Native of Sillet, blossoming in the rains, and first communicated
to me by the late Mr. R. M. Smith. I have also found it in Nipal
on Chanda-girz, Nag-Uijoon, at the foot of Sheopore near ‘Thoka,
blossoming from February till June. The Fruitripens in the raluy
season.

Beng. Soopari.

A small spreading shrub, sparingly branched.— Branches rounded,
hollow and pithy, covered with a smooth, shining, white, soft epidere-
mis, which giadually separates and at length falls off, leaving the
woody part naked; young branches alternately compressed, villous
— Leaves approximate, very spreading, oblong-elliptic, tapering into
a very slender, long acumen, much attenuate downwards, from six to
fourteen inches long, thin and membranous, with margins slightly une.
qual, sub-repand, beset with adpressed short hairs, dark green above,
villous and soft underneath, marked there with numerous sub-opposite,
oblique, parallel nerves, and with capillary reticulate veins.— Petiol
from one to three inches long, slender, margined from the decurrent

base of the leaf, hairy.—S/ipules interpetiolary, withering, erect, lan-
R

138. BENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Rondeletia.

ceolate, acute, often biden‘ate, furnished within their broad base
with a series of subulate glands.x—Panicle terminal, broad, open
and spreading, sessile or elevated on a very short peduncle, many
times trichotomous, from two to five mches high, pubescent. At
the base of it there are generally one or two pairs of lanceolate,
or linear, sub-sessile floral leaves, one or two inches long.— Peduneles
filiform, divaricate, supported at each division by a pair of fleshy,
opposite, lanceolate, villous bractes, having an entire or three-lobed
base; their margins marked with yellow subulate fleshy glands ; those at
the ends of the ramifications very small, deeply divided into glandu-
Jar lacinia; sometimes there is a minute pair of opposite bractes
between their bases.—lowers large, yellow, scentless, fleshy, on |
capillary, rather longish peduncles, geminate or ternate Aestivation
valvate—Calyx slightly pubescent ; dacinia lanceolate, acute, with
a globular, yellow gland on each margin, sometimes at the apex also ;
interstices clandular.— Tube of the corolla cylindric, broad, four times
longer than the calyx, pubescent without, densely villous within, a
little widening towards the naked throat ; Jacinta spreading, ovate,
acute, small, their apex slightly cuspidate.—Stamens inserted at the
base of the tube; filaments very short; anthers oblong, not elevated
beyond the height of the calycine lacinie. Ovarium nearly round,
as large as a coriander seed, two celled ; ovu/a numerous, inserted
on two fleshy septal placente@.—Stigma oblong, fleshy, pubescent,
scarcely elevated above the faux, equalling the filiform séy/e in

length ; lobes linear, erect, with recurved margins.--Capsule round,
as large as a pepper-corn, greyish, smooth, marked with two oppoe
site, slight furrows, bursting at the apex, within the persistent recurve
ed laciniz of the calyx, with a sub-orbicular, obscurely two-valved

hiatus. Seeds numerous, minute. |
- Obs. I thought at first that the Silhet shrub differed from the Nipal

one by its much longer and altogether larger leaves and more ample |
supra-decompound inflcrescence ; but on comparing my specimens |
from both countries I find they cannot with any propriety be sepa- |
rated. Indeed most of the East Indian species of this genus vary |
considerably in the figure and size of the leaves, the degree of their |

h
4

Rondeletia. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 139

pubescence and in their inflorescence; a circumstance which renders
their specific discrimination difficult. I have observed a singular
deviation in the situation of the stamina in some of the plants of
the present species at Nipal ; they are sometimes inserted below the
throat of the corolla, which is in that case unusually ventricose and
hairy, sometimes the apices of the anthere are a little exserted ; in
both these cases the pistilum is remarkably short. In a few instan-
ces the calycine laciniz were without any glands.

7. R. spicata, Wall.

Leaves elliptic, acuminate, much attenuate downwards, villous,
as is also the ramous panicle. SF lowers tetrandrous, disposed in
unilateral geminate spikes. Cadyr eglandular.

A native of Penang, where it was found by Mr. Jack in 1819.

Probably a small tree. Branches slender, slightly compressed,
together with the leaves and inflorescence densely covered with soft
short villosity.— Leaves spreading, approximate, especially towards
the extremity of the branches, elliptic, sub-obovate, acuminate, taper-
ing extremely much from the outer third to the base, where they
are very narrow and decurrent on the petiol, from six to twelve in-
ches long, thin and membranous, somewhat rough above, with short
hairs, densely villous underneath, with numerous, parallel, sub-hori
zontal nerves ; the young ones, as also the young branches, tomentose
and silky.— Petiol half an inch long, marginate, gradually widening
into the base of the leaf._—Séipules membranous, withering, oblong,
sub- connate, acute, smooth, except the elevated dorsal rib which is

villous. — Panicle large, terminal, sub-sessile, with opposite, very

spreading, remote, compressed, subedecussate, densely villous pedun-

cles; the secondary divisions of the peduncles dichotomous, terminat-
ing in cylindric, slender, geminate, sometimes ternate spikes, of about
the thickness of a goose quill, two inches long.— Bractes under each
sub-division of the’ panicle lanceolate, sub-hastate, acute.— flowers
densely approximate, small, disposed in a single series along one
side of the rachis, unilateral, sub-sessile ; a lanceulate acute bractlet.

under each.—Culyx villous, four-toothed; ¢eeth subulate, one
’ R2

140. — BENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Rondcletia.

generally shorter than the rest.—Corolla four times longer than

the calycine lacinia, pubescent ; tube a little widening at the apex.

_—Lacinie four, spreading, ovate, acute, villous above. Fauy naked.

— Stamina four,inserted under the apex of the tube ; anthers linear,

slightly elevated above the throat. Ovarium ovate, very small, vile
lous, its vertex elevated within the calycine laciniz, and forming a
glandular disc round the base of the. style —Sty/e capillary, longer
than the tube.— Stigma two-lobed, linear, lubes recurved.—Capsule
small, round, villous, crowned, two-celled, bipaitible almost to

the base; its epidermis separating, leaving the imner charlaceous

membrane naked.and smooth. ach half, into which the capsule

divides, 1s two-valved on the inner flattish side towards the apex.

Placenta rounded, fovevlate, at first attached to each side of the dis-

sepiment, becoming free at the separation of the cells.—Seeds nu-
merous, minute, cuneate, angular, naked, brown.

Obs. The habit and characier of the flowers of this fine plant are
so much like those of our asiatic Rondeletie that I Lave not ventured to
remove it from that genus. The reduction in the number of stamina
and laciniz of the Howers, aud the bipartible capsule will hardly ad-
-milt of any generic distinction; the naked faux it has in common
with all the other species which I have examined. Its inflorescence
is like that of a Tounefortia. Bellardia of Schreber, and Tuntanea
of Aublet, which are probably one and the same, come very uear
this shrub in flower and fruit.

8. R. pendula, ail,
Branches pendulous. Leaves \enceolate, ovate, acuminate, a little

rough underneath, smooth above. Corymbs terminal, ob.ong, panies
cled. ‘ube of the corolla filiform.

I have found this exceedingly elegant shrub between Hetaunra
and Bheemped:, in flawer in December ; also on Sheopore in January.
A branchy shrub, from five to six feet high. Branches opposite,
Jong, slender and pendulous, obscurely quadrangular, brown, with
emoothish separable epidermis; new shoots pubescent. Leaves

Rondceletic. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 141

opposite, in luxuriant shoots ternate, ovate-lanceolate, tapering and
acuminate, somewhat acute at the base, sub-sessile, from three to
five inches long, exceeding their interstices in length, smooth, and
shining above, somewhat rough underneath from a number of short
subulate hairs which are scattered along the principal ramifications of
the vessels, nerves alternate, very oblique, uniting by distinct intrae
marginal arches, elevated as well as the rib.— Petiol scarcely two
lines long, covered with short hairs.—Stipules lanceolate, acute,
adpressed, deciduous, rather shorter than the petiols.—Corymbs
cylindric-oblong, short-peduncled, obtuse, from four to six inches
Jong, terminal and axillary in the uppermost axils, forming a terminal,
compound panicle, consisting of numerous, sub-opposite, pedicelled
fascicles of very slender, green, fragrant, sub-sessile, five-cleft fow-
ers. Peduncles villous. Bractes linear. Calycine lacini@ very small,
smooth, linear, erect, without any glands. Tube of the corolla filiform,
eight lines long, smooth without, pubescent witlin, especially at its
somewhat dilated apex and base. Lacinieé ovate, short, smooth,

acute, recurved. Filaments exceedingly short, inserted immediately
below the interstices of the lacinie ; anthers spreading over the limb

of the corolla, linear. Ovarium ovate, smooth, two-celled, many-
seeded. Style capillary, longer than the tube. Séigma fleshy, clavate,
entire.

g. R. cinerea, Wall.

Arboreous; the upper parts covered with ash-coloured, dense
tomentum. Leaves lanceolate, villous above, tomentose underneath,
Stipules with a recurved, reniform apex. Panicles supra-decompound,
with densely fascicled flowers. Corolla with a very short tube.

I have found it at Bunipa in the valley of Nipal and at Bheempe-
di; it has also been brought to me from Noakote; blossoming in

the hot season; the fruit ripens during the rains. It has likewise
been sent to me from Shree-nagur.

Newar name, Goshina.

A tree of about twelve feet in height, with a round stem, covered

142 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Rondeletia,

with thick cinnamon-coloured bark, which cracks transversely. The
wood is brownish, close-grained ; 1t seems to be well suited for furni-
ture. Branches quadrangular, with rounded comers, densely clothed
with ash-grey, very soft tomentum, as are also the leaves and pas
nicles; growing smoother by age.— Leaves lanceolate, tapering, sub-
acuminate, the base acute; from four to six inches long, smoother
above ; underneath glaucous from copious tomentum, with elevated
rib and parallel oblique nerves.—Petiols from one to two inches
long, round.—Stipules large, oblong, the lower half adpressed, the
upper recurved, foliaceous, reniform, emarginate, deciduous.— Pani-
cle ovate, very large, terminal, supraedecompound, with divaricate
ramifications, tomentose, glaucous.—Bractes oblong, caducous,
sometimes lobed or sub-hastate at the base ; the lowermost very long,
linear.— Flowers small, white, fragrant, sub-sessile, densely fascicled,
forming oblong, opposite racemes which are from one to two inches
long.-—Calycine laciniz very small, triangular.—Tube of the corolle
smooth, very short ; dimb divided into five lanceolate, spreading laci-
nize; throat with five minute tubercies.—Anthers exserted above the
throat.—Capsude very small, globular, villous, with numerous minute
seeds.

10. R. coriacea, Wall.

Arboreous, smooth on all parts. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, acu-
minate, tapering at the base, much longer than the interstices, co«
riaceous, lucid, Stipules adpressed, with ligulate vertical apex. Pa-
nicle terminal, dense. lowers opposite very numerous,

A native of the valley of Nipal, where it is common in the forest
at Toka and other places. I have also had it from Noakote. Flowe
ering lime the months of March and May.

Parbuteeya* name, Kongeea.

Newar, Julsé.

* This word however universally applied by the Nepalese to the people who inhae

bit the higher mountains, should probably be either Bhota or Nipal. It means simply

the iangnage of mountaineers, and is equally applicable to all the iuhabitants of
Nipal, and of all other mountains in the world. Ed,

g v
‘
:
1
;

Rondeletia. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 143

A tree of about ten or twelve feet in height, with a straight stem,
measuring from five to eight inches in diameter. Bark spungy,
brown; wood light, very fine-grained, becoming brown on exposure.
Branches issuing almost from the base of the stem, numerous,
spreading, together with the other parts perfectly smooth, the upper-
most somewhat quadrangular.— Leaves spreading, sub-decussate, one
or two ioches distant from each other, from five to seven inches
long, acuminate, tapering at both ends, of a firm and leathery tex-
ture, polished and shining on the upper surface, less so underneath,
where they are marked with very fine nerves.— Petiols about an inch
long, slightly margined.— Stipules broad and short, rounded, ending
ina ligulate acute lamina, which is turned in an opposite direction, in
such a manner, that one of the margins is parallel with the branch.
—Panicle terminal, pyramidal, sessile, perfectly smooth, consisting
of humerous, opposite, decussate, decompound, approximate ramiti-
Cations ; sometimes with one or two leaves above the base. Bractes
lanceolate, coriaceous, acute ; those on the common peduncles some
times half an inch long.— Flowers white, fragrant, opposite, much
crowded, on very short pedicels, each having a capillary bracte at the
base.—Calyx small, with subulate dacinie. Corolla with a cylindric
tube, five lines long ; lacinie spreading, ovate, acute, marked with
parallel sub-glandular veins. Filaments inserted under the throat ;
anthers elevated above the limb, spreading with the lacinia. Stigma
clavate, two-lobed.

Obs. The inhabitants of Nipal use the wood for various pur-
poses, such as rafters, tools, &c.; indeed it appears to me well
worthy of being employed for furniture, being close-grained, and
becoming soon after it is cut of a brownish colour, not unlike ma-
hogony. Ared dye is likewise prepared from it. The leaves and
flowers attain sometimes a bluish colour on being dried.—R. tinc-
toria differs in having pubescent leaves, branches aud panicles;
Whereas this species is perfectly smooth.

144 | PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Rindia.

MACROCNEMUM. Schreb. Gen. N. 297.

Calyx five-toothed. Corol campanulate. Capsule inferior, two-

celled, two-valved. Seeds imbricated.

1. M, stipulsceum, R.

Leaves sub-sessile, lanceolate, smooth. Stipules oval, very large.
Corymbs terminal, supra-decompound.

A native of the Moluccas, The mouth of the bell of the short
coro], is uncommonly woolly, nearly hiding the stamina.

2. M. parviflorum, R.

Shrubby, Leaves short-petioled, lanceolate, entire, smooth.
Stipules annular, truncate. Peduncles axillary, many-tlowered. Coro
acetabuliform.

A native of the Moluccas.

Obs. I have seen only dried specimens of these two species.

RANDIA. Schreb. Gen. N. 275.

Calyx four or five-parted. Corol one-petalled, four or five-parted,
Germ inferior, two-celled, cell many-seeded, imbricated, attachment
inferior. Berry two-celled. Seeds several, sub-imbricated. Embryo
inverse, furnished with a perisperm.

1. R. racemosa, R.

Shrubby, erect. Branches decussate. Leaves oblong, smooth.
Racemes axillary. Flowers tetrandrous.

Beng. Peetunga.

This plant was first discovered by Dr. F. Buchanan, growing about
Lukshmee-poora; from thence he sent the seeds to the Botanic Garden
at Calcutta, where the plant is now common, and blossoms about
the close of the rainy season,

Pa Pe) ate T°

S|

oo
*
Randia, PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 145

Stem straight. Bark smooth. . Branches opposite, expanding,
indeed almost horizontal. Bark of the woody parts dark-brown,
of the young shoots green, and smooth.—Leaves opposite, drooping,
short-petioled, broad-lanceolate, entire, smooth on both sides, from
three to four inches long, and about one broad.—Stipules within
the leaves, large, tapering, caducous.— Spikes axillary, for the most
part solitary, sub-sessile, about one-half or. one-third the length of
the Jeaves.—- Flowers. sessile, numerous, small, pale greenish white.
— Bractes one-flowered.— Calyx four-toothed, permanent.—Corol
funnel-shaped; border four-parted ; mouth, of the tube villous.—Fi/a-
ments short, Anthers linear, half hid inthe tube of the corol. Stigma
bifid.— Germ inferior, two-celled, with several ovuda in each, attached
to the thickened centre of the partiion.— Berry round, smooth, shia-
ing, straw-coloured, size of a pea, two-celled.— Seeds two, three, or four
in each cell, attached to the upper half of the partition; shape very
various. Inlegument fibrous.—Perisperm cartilaginous.—Embryo
inverse, half the length of the perisperm. Cotyledans linear.—Radicle

oblong, superior.

2. R. stricta, R* :

Shrubby, straight. Leaves opposite, oblong, pointed: Flowers
axillary, sessile.

A native of the mountains north of Bengal. In the Botanic Garden
its flowering time is the cold season.

Stems several, straight, ornamented with numerous, cross-armed,
spreading branches, down to the root; hezght of the whole from
Leaves opposite, very short-petioled, spreade

five to ten feet.
ing, oblong, or broad-lanceolate, pointed, margins entire, but wave

* This species is very common in all parts of Nipal, blossoming and fruiting from.
the months of April.to November. Ehave specimens from Silhet under the Bengalee
name of Bunmalee; they seem to diifer only in having broader and on the whole
larger leaves, which in the Nipal shrubs are narrow-lanceolate.—Mucrocnemum
strictum, Roxb. fide Cycl. Rees. in loco, et Syst. Veg. v.63 and Rondeletia stricta, Roth.
fide Syst. Veg. ibid. 284, are no doubt this plant. The synonymon of. Pluckenet,
Almag, 27, t. 132, f.6. quoted in the last mentioned work, belongs probably to another
geuus—N. W,

8

146 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA,. Scevols.

ed a little; smooth on both sides.—Stzpules connecting the petioles,
on their inside, and tapering to a daggered point, pressing close upon
the brancelet.— Flowers small, white, collected in dense, globular,
sessile fascicles, in the axils of the leaves.— Bractes two or three,
like the calyx, and embracing the base of the germ.—Calyz fives
parted ; divisions acute, permanent.—Corol contorted, inside of the
short tube hairy.— Filaments none. Anthers affixed a little below
their apices within the tube, and in the fissures of the divisions of
the border of the corol_—Germ inferior, two-celled, with several
seeds in each. Style short.— Stigma large, oblong, hairy, two-cleft,
but its lobes do not separate.— Berry globular, size of a pea, smooth,
two-celled.—Sceds several in each cell, imbricated in two rows, ate
tached to the partition above its middle. Perisperm conform to
the seed. Embryo inverted.

3. R. polysperma, R.

Shrubby. Leaves oblong, entire, acuminate, smooth. Stipules
subulate. Spikes panicled, axillary.

An elegant, very ramous shrub, a native of Chittagong, Flowers
in May, and the seeds ripen in August and September.

SCAVOLA. Schreb. Gen. N. 300.

Calyz five-cleft. | Corol one-petalled ; tube longitudinally cloven
on the underside, with unilateral five-cleft border., Germ two.celled,
~ one-seeded, attachment inferior. Drupe inferior, Nut two-celled,
Embryo erect, and furnished with a perisperm.

1. S. Taccada, R.
Shrubby, with smooth, succulent branches, Leaves sessile, obo-

vate-cuneate, entire, shining. Peduncles axillary, solitary, two or |

three times dichotomous.
Lobelia Taccada, Gert. fruct.1. 119. ¢. 25.
Buglossum littoreum, Rumph. amb. iv. p. 116 t. 54.

Scevola. PENTANDRIA MONOGWNIAe 147

Bela modagam, Rieed. mal. iv. 121. ¢. 59.*

A native of most of the maritime parts of the East Indies, and
introduced from Pulo-Penang into the Botanie Garden at Calcutta,
where there is a constant succession of flowers and fruit the whole
year round. I suspect the American plant, called by Willdenow
and others, Scavola Lobelia, to differ specifically from ours; I have
therefore prefered Gertner’s specific name.

Trunk short and variously bent. Bark thereof, and of the old
branches ash-coloured, and somewhat scabrous, large branches
erect, the smaller ones nearly verticelled, ascending, and covered with
smooth, green bark ; general height of the whole plant about five or
six feet— Leaves alternate, sub-sessile, long-obovate, with margins
entire, apex circular, smooth, shining green on both sides ; from three
to six inches long. In the axil of each is found a little tuft of deli-
cate white wool.— Peduncles axillary, solitary, once, twice, or thrice
dichotomous, the whole not above one-fourth the length of the
leaves.—FPedicels clavate, round, and smooth.—Bractes opposite,
small, conical.— Flowers white, slightly fragrant.—Calyr may be
called five-leaved ; leaflets rather remote, erect, or recurved, subue
Jate, permanent.—Corol one-petalled. Tube five or six times longer
than the calyx, split its whole length on the side next to the branch,
villous on the inside and shaggy with filaments round the mouth,
Border of five, oblong, unilateral segments, with membranaceous,
curled borders.— filaments from the receptacle, erect till the flow.
ers expands, then becoming variously curled back round the base
of the tube of the cérol.—Anthers oblong, crowned, before the
expansion of the corol they adhere slightly to each other, round the
mouth of the stigma.—Germ inferior, obovate, torose, two-celled,
with one seed in each, attached to the very bottom of the partition,
Style length of the tube, pretty thick, recurved. Stigma large,

* {t has been justly remarked by Mr. Aubert du Petit Thouars (Encyc!. bot- supl
j. 608.) that Rheede’s tree seems to differ from Rumphius’s shrub, both in size and
place of growth. Asimilar observation has been made by Prof. Schultes in Syst.
Veg. v. 153 —Rheede says itis “ arbor speciosa atque precelsa plurimum” which
certaivly is ivapplicable to the shrubs from the shores of India; those at the Maus"

_ witius,if L remember right, never exceeding eight or at furthest ten feet—N. W.
S32

148 PENTANDRIA WONOGYNIA. Hy menodictyor.

funnel shaped, very hairy on the outside, and ciliate.——Drupe near-
ly round, size of a small gooseberry, when ripe white, and to-
rulose. Nut two-celled, dark brown, wrinkled ; between it and
the white exterior pulpy covering there is a white torulose, softish
cartilaginous coat.—Seed one in each cell. Embryo lodged ina
considerable portion of whitish albumen. Cotyledons two, ovale
Radicle inferior, shorter than the lobes.

2.8. oppositifolia, R.

Leaves opposite, short-petioled, elliptic, entire, smooth. Pez.
duncles axillary, few-flowered.

A native of the Moluccas; a slender aheubby species, very differ-
eat in habit from S. Konigia.

CINCHONA. Schreb. Gen. N. 301.

Calyx five-toothed. Corol funnel-shaped. Germ inferior, two-
celled, attachment interior. Capsule two-celled, with the partition
parallel. Seeds many, imbricated, membrane-winged. Embryo
erect, and furoished with a perisperm.

Obs. That.part of the above character which makes the partition
parallel does not agree with the only two East India species I have
yet met with, In them the partition is contrary.

Obs. by N. WV.

The trees alluded to in the preceding observation, form with two
others a distinct genus, which I propose callng Hymenodictyon, and
which may be thus characterised.

‘Calyx above, five-toothed. Corol/a infundibuliform, with a fives,
parted limb. Filaments very short, smooth, inserted under the faux
~ anthers within the limb.—Capsule two-celled, two-valved, with acone
trary ventral dissepiment. Seeds flat, imbricated on a septal p'acenta,
which becomes free at length; surrounded by a reuculate wing

(whence the name.)

Hymenodictyon; PENTANDRIA MCNOGYNIA. 149

In the Linnean system its place is Pentandria Monogynia, in
the section with monopetalous superior fowers, and two-celled, two-

valved capsules.
In the natural arrangement it belongs to the family of Rudbia-

ce@, 2d. division, 3d. section, (Juss. in Mem. du Mus. d’hist. nat.
vi, 365. et seqq.)

The habit is that of lofty umbrageous trees, with opposite coris
aceous leaves, large gland-ciliate stipules and compressed branch-
Jets. Flowers small and inconspicuous, greenish, pubescent, crowds
ed and fascicled in a terminal panicle, or in axillary or term nal,
slender, simple or sparingly branched, peduncled racemes. Common
peduncles bearing at the avez a lanceolate, arid, long-petioled, couves,
veined, floral bracte.

The chief affinity of this genus is to Macrocnemum, Mussaenda,
Cinchona and Exostemma. From the first of these it differs in having
winged seeds and smovth stamina; from the next in the structure and
consistency of its fruit; with both of them it has the singular floral
leaf or bracte in common ; but instead of originating, as it does
in them, from the calyx itself, it proceeds from the apex of the com.
mon peduncle of the raceme. From the two last mentioned genera
it is easily distinguished by its naked, not bipartible capsule, and the
opposite dissepiment, which splits lengthways, along the axis, in two
halves, each of which remains attached to the middle of its cor-
responding valve. ‘The seeds are larger, and their wing bifid at the
base; the flowers much smaller; in the form of the corolla, however,
it comes nearest to Cinchona, in the exserted anthers to Exostemma.

1. C. (Hymenodictyon, Wall.) excelsa, Roxb. corom.ii 3. t. 106.

Arboreous. Leaves oblong, downy, Stzpules cordate, serrate,
Panicles terminal and axillary. "Anthers sub-sessile in the mouth
of the tube. Paréetion of the capsule contrary.

Veling. Bundargo.

This species of Cinchona, isa native of the mountainous parts
of the Cirears, and chiefly of the vallies, where it grows to be a

456 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Hymencdictyon:

very large tree. Flowers during the rainy season. Seedsripe in
four or five months after.

Trunk straight, of considerable thickness and height. Branches
humerous, spreadmg. Bark of the trunk pretty thick ; the exterior
lamina is grey, light, spongy; 1i cracks in various directions, and
frequently falls off; the middle coat is brown, of a farinaceous na
ture, and ig as thick as both the exterior and interior coats; the in-
terior is white, (the fresh bark is here described.)— Leaves opposite,
petioled, oblong, entire, soft, downy, particularly on the underside;
veins simple, and frequently opposite; from six to twelve inches -
jong, and from three to five broad. Floral leaves, the lower pair
or two of the ramifications of the panicle are ornamented each
with a pair of leaves, in shape like the rest, but much smaller, co-
loured, more permanent, and bullate. — Pefioles round, downy, two
or three inches long.—Stipules within the leaves, ovate-cordate,
acutely serrate, erect, caducous.— Panicles terrninal, large, generally
with the lower ramifications, cross-armed.— Flowers fascicled, small,
greenish-white, exceedingly numerous, exquisitely fragrant.— Calyx
superior, five-toothed.—Corol one-petalled, funnel-formed, downy.
JTubelong. Border five-parted ; diviszons oval, spreading, not half the
length of the tube.— Filaments five, short, inserted into the mouth
of the tube. Anthers erect, one-third within the tube.—Germ oval.
Style twice the length of the tube. Stigma headed.—Capsule ob-
long, crowned with the remains of the calyx, about as thick as a
field bean, but twice as long, four-striated, marked with small
white, elevated specks, two-celled, two-valved, opening from the
top; partition contrary.— Receptacle slender, angular, length of the
capsule, affixed lengthways to the suture of the partition.—Seeds
from six to twelve in each cell ; chesnut-coloured, imbricated, oblong,
compressed, enlarged all round by a membranaceous jagged wing,
which at the base is split up to the seed itself.

Obs. The infusion of one fresh leaf in water all night had little
taste, but struck quickly a deep purplish blue with a chalybeate.
The two inner coats of the bark (the outer light spongy stratum ig

Bymenodictyon. PENTANDRIA MONOGXHIA. 151

tasteless,) possess both the bitterness and astringency of Peryzi.
an bark, aid 1 think when fresh im a stronger degree; the bitters
ness is not so quickly communicated to the taste on chewing the
bark, as that of the former, but is much more durable, and chiefly
about the upper part of the fauces.

The wood is firm, close-grained, of a pale mahogony colour, and
very useful for many purposes.

2. C. (Hymenodictyon, Wail.) thyrsiflora, R.*

Arboreous. Leaves ovate, downy ; floral coloured and reticulate.
Thyrses terminal and axillary, drooping. Stipules oblong, fringed
with coloured glands. Border of the corol urceolate. Partition of
the capsule contrary.

A native of the interior parts of Bengal, where it was discovered
by Dr. William Carey, and by him sent to this garden, where the
trees blossom in June, and the seeds ripen in January.

Trunk straight, covered with smooth, ash-coloured bark. Bran-
ches numerous, spreading, so as to form a large ovate head, — Leaves
opposite, petioled, ovate, and ovate-cordate, downy ; veins simple and
parallel; length from two to eight or ten inches. The floral pair
or two longer-petioled, somewhat scarious, smoother, and more per.
manent than the others. Pefzoles round, villous, about a third of the
length of their leaves.—Stzpules large, oblong, downy, and fringed
with coloured glands round the margin.— Thyrses terminal, and from

the exterior axils, from oblong to sub-cylindric, very dense, short-

peduncled, drooping.— Flowers small, greenish-yellow, very fragrant,
collected in numerous small fascicles, on very short, common pe-
duncles.— Bractes linear-lanceolate, one to each fascicle, smaller ones
to the proper pedicels.—Calyx about five-toothed, villous. —Corol ;
tube cylindric, more than twice the length of the calyx. Border
five-parted, pitcher-shaped, length of the tube.— Filaments short, in-
serted into the mouth of the tube. Anthers sagittate, hid in the pitcher-

* Syst. Veg. v. 14, where the species is pronounced intermediate between Cinch
na and Exostemma—N. WV,

152 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Fy menodictyon;

ed border.—Germ two-celled, Style twice the leneth of the corol,
Stigma globular.—Capsule inferior, oblong, warty; size of a filbert,
two-celled, two-valved, opening from the apex; partition contrary,
and in this respect only doesit differ from Cinchona. Is this a suff.
cient reason to remove it from that family? In C. excelsa, the
partition is also contrary, receptacle placed longitudinally along the
suture of the partition.—Seeds several in each cell, imbricated up-
waids, surrounded with a broad, brown, reticulated, membranaceous
wing, which is cloven below up the umbilicus, at the base of the
seed.— Perisperm thin, white, and fleshy. — Embryo erect, nearly as.
long as the perisperm. Cotyledons cordate.— Radicle oval, inferior.

Additions by N. W.

3. Hymenodictyon flaccidum, Wall.

Leaves ovate, elliptic, smooth and shining above; stipules oblong,
spathulate. Racemes axillary, slender, pendulous. Capsules oblong.

Ihave found it on the Northern side of Sheopore towards its
foot, in blossom, and with the empty capsules of the preceding

year in June. It has also been brought to me from the valley of

Noakote, with flowers in the same month.

A tree of moderate size covered with cinereous, pretty even bark,
Branches spreading ; the outermost di- or trichotomous, smooth,
the younger shoots slightly compressed, having at the base some
vemaining gemmaceous, ovate, concave brownish scales.— Leaves
very numerous and closely approximate at the end of the branches,
spreading, ovate-elliptic, acuminate, attenuato-acute at the base,
coriaceous, from six to ten inches long, margins slightly waved,
upper surface smooth and shining, slightly sulcate along the nerves ;
the under one paliid and opaque, with an elevated mb, and oblique
paralle!, pubescent nerves, the axils. of which are somewhat depressed
and villous; veins minutely reticulate.— Petiod thick, round, an inch
Jong, smooth or slightly pubescent; the upper end margined and with
the base of the rb, reddish.— Stipules sub-petiolary, oblong, spathue

Hymenodictyon. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIAs 153

late, obtuse, smooth, membranaceous, from halfaninch to an inch
long, withering and deciduous, ciliated with small subulate: toothlets
which soon become sphacelate ; slightly contracted above the base,
marked with capillary nerves; within the base as. well as in the
axils of the petiols there is a series of blackish subulate hairs.—
Racemes flaccid and pendulous, from the outer end.of the branch-
es, solitary, axillary, about the length of the leaves, cylindric, sien-
der, thickly covered with very small approximate, fascicled, ternate or
quinate green, pubescent, scentless lowers. Common peduncle about
two inches long, pubescent, bearing at the apex just under the flow-
ers apetioled, lanceolate-oblong, acute, membranous, very spread-
ing, pale but not otherwise discoloured, pubescent, slightly rugose,
nerved and reticulate floral leaflet, three inches long, the upper sur-
face convex, the under concave; its petio! smoothish, one-third shorts
er.— Pedicels very short, each with a minute linear bractlet.—Caly-
cine lacinig linear, very short. Tube of the corolia.twice as long.as
the calyx, slender, villous; limb campanulate, sub-plicate ; /acinie
short, lanceolate, acute, united at the base by a peculiar sub-transpa.
rent membrane. —Stamina inserted under the throat, smooth; fi/a-
ments very short; anthers within the campanulate limb, linear, erect,
elevated a little above the mouth.—Ovarium ovate, pubescent, two-
celled; ovula numerous, flat, lanceolate, marginate, densely imbri-
cated ona fleshy septal placenta.—Style capillary, twice as long as
the corolla, smooth. —Stigma clavate, fleshy, smooth, obtuse.—Cap-
sule oblong-clavate, greyish brown, ten lines long, smooth, besprink-
led with callous dots, bilocular, two-valved; valves septiferous.—
-Seeds not seen.

Obs. It comes near to the last species, which differs, however, in
having broader, ovate, sub-cordate, downy leaves, and much thicker,
both terminal and axillary sub-compound racemes ; its capsules too
are much broader, almost oval.

4. H. obovatum, Wail.

Leaves obovate, acuminate, smooth, Racemes axillary and termi-
nal, sub-ramous, erect,
i

154 PENTANDRIA WONOGYNIA. Cinchona,

Specimens are preserved in the late Dr. Heyne’s herbarium
Without any name. lis native place is presumed to be Wynaad.

Branches ash-coloured, strongly knobbed with the vestiges of
fallen Jeaves; green shoots much compressed, perfectly smooth.—
Leaves opposite, spreading, very much crowded at the apex of the
branches, broad-obovate, apex rounded, sometimes sub-retuse, with
a Janceolate nairow acumen, base acute, perfectly smooth, the ug-
der surface beautifully reticulate, the axils of the nerves pubescent;
four inches long.— Petiols round, naked, smooth, from two to three
inches long.— Stipules ovate, acute, gland-ciliate, very deciduous.—
Racemes very slender, cylindric, erect, long-peduncled, axillary at
the end of the branches, and terminal, simple or with one or two sub-
opposite branches, from five to six inches long.—-Peduncles rather
compressed, from one to two inches long; the cylindric, thickish
rachis villous, greyish. At the apex of each peduncle there is a pallid,
spreading, flural leaf, of a lanceolate, acuminate form, two inches long,
convex and a little rugose above, glaucous, concave, beautifully vein<
ed and reticulate, slightly pubescent underneath, equalling in length
its slender round glaucous footstalk.— Flowers very small, sessile,
fascicled, approximate.—Calycine segments lanceolate, as well as
the ovarium pubescent. Corolla covered with grey pubescence;
tube short, limb sub-campanulate, with lanceolate, acute, laciniz.—
Ovarium oblong supported by a subulate bractlet.—Style almost
twice as long as the corolla. Stigma sub-capitate.

1. Cinchona gratissima, Wall.

Leaves ovate-oblong, acuminate, shining above, villous under-
neath. Panicle terminal, many-flowered. Calyx hoary, with very
Jong, linear, deciduous dacini@, Corvlla smooth, with a cylindric,
Jong tube, and concave sub-rotund lobes.

A native of Nipal and Silhet. In the former country I have
found it in great abundance on Nag-Urjoon, and some of the other
smaller hills in the valley ; also at Bechiako and Koolakan ; it delights
in exposed, rather naked situations, blossoming according to the

Cinchona. PENTANDRIA MONOGY¥NIA- 155

situations where itis found nearly the whole yearround. In the latter
country it is found on the Pundooa hills, blossoming in September.

Newar and Parbuteeya, 'Toonguusz.

Beng. Usookoolt.

A branchy small tree, about sixteen feet in height, with a pretty
even trunk, which grows to a diameter of six inches. Bark thin,

. brownish, uneven; wood close-grained, pale, almost white. Branch-

es opposite, ash-coloured, dotted with callous small points; while
young reddish, slightly pubescent.—Leaves opposite, spreading,
approximate, ovate-oblong, acuminate, with acute base, margins
ciliate, somewhat undulate, from four to six inches long, coriaceous,
perfectly smooth, rather shining above, pale and opaque underneath,
with elevated villous rb and parallel, approximate, oblique nerves;
a tuft of hairs in the axils of the latter.—Petiol round, from an
inch to an inch and half long, often reddish, with a few short hairs.—
Stipules very deciduous, lanceolate, ending ina long channelled
acumen, smooth, five lines long.—~ Panicle terminal, sessile, ovate,
about as long as the uppermost leaves, with decussate ramificas
tions, densely covered with white, soft hoariness. Bractes opposite
under each division, and at the base of the pedicels, linear, long, very
deciduous.— Flowers large and showy, of a beautiful pink or rose-
colour, fragrant, ternate.—Calyz hoary, supported by a short, fleshy
pedicel; dacini@ erect, linear, acute, rather narrower at the base,
which appears to be jointed, caducous, measuring from six to eight
lines, sometimes an inch long, somewhat unequal, frequently unegul-
lateral, coloured and smooth within.—Corolla slender, twice as long
as the calyx, smooth, fleshy; ¢ube cylindric, somewhat widening
towards the naked, pervious throat ; amb spreading, about half the
Jength of the tube; dacznze sub-rotund, obtuse, crenulate, concave,

sub-cordate at the base.— Stamina inserted under the entrance to

the tube ; filaments very short, anthers erect, lanceolate, not reaching
above the throat.—-Ovarium oblong-cuneate, hoary, fleshy, bilocular,
ovula very densely applied to the septal, fleshy placenta. Sty/e filiform,

Stigma clayate, fleshy, bipartite; /obes lanceolate with sub-revolute
T2

156 ‘PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Hymenopogon.

margins.—Capsule oblong-clavate, brownish, slightly villous, two.
celled, about eight lines long, with truncate apex, bearing the vestige
of the tasertion of the calycine laciniz, somewhat compressed, with
two opposite furrows, along which the two cells separate down to
the acute base; owier membrane at first fleshy, afterwards coria-
ceous; inner chartaceous. Dissepiment parallel, consisting of the
incurved sides of the inner membrane which meet along the axis
of the capsule and are connected by the placenta until the time
of maturity, when they separate and each detached cell becomes
thereby longitudinally two-valved along its inner, flatter side. Pla-
centa linear-oblong, foveolate, detaching itself entirely at the bursting
of the cells.— Seeds very numerous, densely imbricate, adscending,
small, brown, cuneate, scabrous and rugose, their vertex crowned
with an irregularly crenulate short membrane.

Ods. tis impossible to conceive any thing more beautiful than
this tree when covered with its numerous rounded panicles of pink
coloured, very fragrant, large blossoms, I have been told that it grows |
sometimes to a much greater size than that mentioned above,
which is the one I have observed it to attain. ‘The ovary and the
half-ripe capsule shew a peculiar structure, appearing four-celled,
in consequence of the inner tough membrane continuing, after it has
formed the dissepiment, to turn inward, penetrating almost through

the fleshy plancenta to the opposite side of the cell, which in conses
quence appears sub-divided,

HYMENOPOGON. Wail.

Calyx above, five-parted. Corolla hypocrateriform, with very long
tube, and five-parted border. Stamina enciosed within the swelled
apex of the tube. Capsule bursting at the apex into four valves,
Seeds imbricate, Imear, with a membranous appendage at each end,
whence the generic name.

Its place in the artificial, as well the natural system is the same
asthe preceding two genera Cinchona and Fymenodictyon, to

@lymenopozon. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 157

which it approaches on account of its large, leaf-like, floral bractes,
and winged seeds. It seems much akin also to Mussenda, Oxy-
anthus, De Cand. and Tocoyena, Aubl. but differs from them all by
the singular dehiscence of the fruit and the linear, winged seeds.

1. H. parasiticus, Wall.

Grows parasitically on trees, sometimes on rocks on Sheopore,
‘Chanda-girz, near Hetounra, and between that place and Chitlong,
Time of blossoming the raius; the fruit ripens in the months of
December and January.

A branchy small shrub, which is attached parasitically by means
of fibrous roots. Stem about a finger thick, variously curved, rooting
as well as the branches; the latter opposite, adscending, covered with
pale ash-coloured bark. The young branches alternately compressed,
villous. — Leaves opposite, spreading, very approximate, entire, acu-
Minate, tapering downwards, from five to seven inches long, membra-
Naceous, pubescent above, villous underneath, chiefly along the elevate
ed rib and the opposite, numerous, oblique nerves; reticulate.— Petiol
very short, rounded, widening into the sub-decurrent base of the leaf.
— Stipules interpetiolary, adpressed, persistent, membranaceous,near-
ly aslong as the petiols, ovate, acute, ciliate, the uppermost frequently
lobed and sub-connate; within the base there is a series of fleshy cilia
as in the family of asclepiadee.—Corymbs terminal or from the exterior
axils, trichotomous, villous, sitting on slender peduncles, measuring
two to three inches in length.—Bractes under each division, large,
persisteat, resembling the uppermost stipules.—Flowers very long,
white, inodorous, mostly ternate, on thickish peduncles, which are

about half an inch long; under most of these fascicles, from the point
where their peduncles unite, there is a large spreading, very thin,
membranous, persistent, foliaceous bracte, of an oblong-lanceolate
form, acute, rather tapering at the base, pubescent on both sides,
chiefly underneath, where it is elegantly nerved and reticulate, convex
above, two or three inches long, elevated on a flattish pubescent
petiol of about half its own length,—Calyz villous, divided into five,

fi
i

158 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Psathura:

linear, longish, persistent, sub-equal laciniz. Corolla hypocrateriform,
pubescent; tube slender, cylindric, straight, two inches long, widen-
ing alittle under the apex, the inside villous downwards.—Limb small,

spreading, consisting of five, ovate, acute segments, measuring
three lines in length, the upper surface towards the margins beards
ed with long white soft hairs. Faux very narrow.— Stamina insert-
ed at the widening apex of the tube and enclosed within it. Fila-
ments very short, sub-decurrent; anthers linear, erect.—Ovarium
obovate, pubescent, with two opposite furrows, two-celled; ovula
numerous, imbricated, subulate, attached by their centre to a parietal,
sub-globuiar, fleshy placenta.— Style capillary, nearly as long as the

tube, smooth, with two opposite furrows.—Stigma oblong, pubescent,
immediately below the faux, two-lobed; lobes linear, diverging. —
Capsule oblong, clavate, with convex sides, two-thirds of an inch
long, pubescent, marked with ten elevated capillary ribs, crowned
with the persistent calycine laciniz, and elevated considerably withia
them in the shape of a cone, which bursts into two sub-erect valves,
each of which splits again down to the base in two-lanceolate, acute
lobes, which gives it the appearance of being four-valved; two-celled,
many seeded.—Dissepiment very thin, entire, persistent, its apex

at length free. Placenta linear and very narrow, attached longitudi-

nally to each side of the dissepiment.— Seeds numerons, linear, densely
imbricated, smooth, terminated at each extremity by a long, linear,

membranous, sometimes bifid appendage, measuring altogether three

fines in length.

PSATHURA. JUSS.

Calyx superior, from four to six-toothed. Corol one-petalled ;
tube short, and hairy withia ; border from four to six-parted. Germ
five-celled; cel/s one-seeded, attachment inferior. Drupe inferior,
from four to six-celled. Nuts solitary, one-seeded. Embryo erect,

and furnished with aa ample perisperm.

Dentella, PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 159

1. P. borbonica, Willd. Spec. ii. 229.

Found indigenous on the Mauritius by Colonel Hardwick in
flower and seed in the months of August and September; growing
to the size of a small tree, with dichotomous branchlets; opposite,
short-petioled, entire, smooth, oblong leaves ; small axillary and ter-
minal trichotomous corymbs of minute pentandrous flowers. Germ
five-celled, with one ovulum in each, attached to the bottom of its
cell. Style short. Stigma two-lobed. Drupe, the size of a pea,
containing as far as five, nuciform, rugose seeds or nuts, each in its
proper cell.

DENTELLA. Schreb. Gen. N. 310.

Calyz five-parted. Corol infundibuliform; segments three-toothed.
Capsule inferior, two-celled, many-seeded,

1. D. repens, Willd. Spec. i. 972.

Crusta olla. Caranasci. Rumph. Amb. v. 460. t. 170. f. 4.
' Oldenlandia repens. Burm. ind. 38. t. 15. f. 2.

A native of cool moist places, such as the shady banks of rivers,
and water-courses

Root l|ong, rarely perennial.—Stems many, creeping, jointed.—
Leaves opposite, short-petioled, oval, ciliate-—Flowers in the divi«

sions of the branches, sub-sessile, small, white—Calyz five-parted ;

divisions \anceolate.—Corol five-cleft; segments linear, three-toothed.

—Stamens five.—Style two-cleft near the bottom.—Capsule his-

pid; receptacles reniform, free, affixed to the middle of the partition.
Obs. Burman’s figure of this plant is bad.

PSYCHOTRIA. Schreb. Gen. N. 318.

Calyx five-toothed. Corol tubular. Berry inferior, two-celled.
Seeds solitary, grooved on the interior side,

166 VENTANDRIA MONOGYNIAD, Psychotria,

1. P. astatica, Willd. Spec. i. 901.

Shrubby. Branches opposite, smooth. Leaves ovate-lanceolate,
entire, acute, smooth. Sézpules semilunate: Panicles terminal,
bractiate, crowded. Anthers linear. Berries oval, ten-mbbed.

A native of the Molucca Islands.

Addition by N. W.

I received specimens of this species from SiJhet in 1815. Tt
grows on hills ; blossoms during the rains, and ripens its fruit in the
cold season. In Nipal I have only found it once on my way from ~
Hetounra to Bheempedi, growing among rocks, in fruitin December,

Beng. Maisa-alada; and Alada choonari.*

Shrubby. Branches smooth, round; upper ends pubescent, com-
planate.— Leaves op posite, spreading, rather thin and membranous,
elliptic, tapering at both ends, acuminate, margins slightly crenulate
outwardly, from eight to ten inches long, smooth and shining
above, with copious, elevated, pubescent, parallel nerves underneath;
the Jatter uniting on sub-marginal arches as in Eugenia; while young
they are ofa reddish tint, at least they appear so when dried.— Peti-
ols round, about an inch long.— Stipules large, ovate, almost equal-
ling the petiols, with a broad concave bark; apex somewhat recurved,
and divided into two-lanceolate, acute lobes; within the base they
are’hoary.— Panicle terminal, roundish, rather small, short-pedun-
cled; peduncles pubescent, flattish; common umbellate. Brac-
tes small, lanceolate, under each division.— Flowers very small, sub-
sessile, ternate, greenish.— Calycine lacini@ linear, ciliate, half the
length of the infundibuliform corolla, the inside of which is villous,
and the border five-parted, acute.—Stamina concealed within the
villous throat and scarcely elevated above it—Ovarium oblong,
pubescent. Style short. Stigma linear, two-lobed.— Berry oblong,
dark red, shining, with a few short hairs, crowned, ten-ribbed.—
Perisperm divided by a longitudinal fissure which penetrates to its
middle and there widens a little. Jn other respect Gzrtner’s des-

® Choonas? is also the name ef Ixora villosa.-N. W,

me

.*
Psychotria. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 161

cription and figure of this species (Carp. i. 120. tab. 125) agrees

perfectly.
Obs. There can hardly be any doubt of this being Linneus’s

plant. It agrees perfectly in regard to its fruit with Gertner’s ;

also with Browne’s Psychotrophum 2, Hist. of Jamaica 160, t. 17,
f. 2. (marked Psychotria asiatica ? on the plate.)

2. P. herbacea, Willd. Spec. i. 967. Jacq. Amer. 66. t. 46.

Heibaceous, creeping, Leaves rcund-cordate. Stipules semic
lunar. Flowers few, terminal on the litile erect branchlets.

Karinta kali, Rheed. mai. x. 41. t. 21.

Koodi munkoonz, the vernacular name in Silhet, where it grows
in moist places under the shade of trees, Xc. Flowesing time the
months of May and June.

Addition by N. W.

Berry almost round, smooth, even, crowned with the persistent
calyx, of the size of alarge currant. Pulp thick and fleshy, Seeds.
two, plano-convex, a little rugose, with a dorsal elevated line.-—The
rest as in P. asiatica.

3. P. spherocarpa, Wall.

Leaves ovate, elliptic, coriaceous, smooth. Stzpules large, ovate,
two-lobed, lobes-acuminate. Corymb terminal, rounded, with crowd-
ed small flowers.— Berries spherical, smooth, even.

Native of the hills near Silhet, from whence I regaived the fruit in
1815, and flowering specimens in 1821.

Native name the same as that of Psych. asiatica,

Shrubby. Branches round, thick, smooth, thelr upper extremi-
ties compressed.-—Leaves broad-elliptic, acuminate, entire, acute,
sometimes rounded at the base, from eight to twelve inches long,
coriaceous, smooth, shining above, strongly marked underneath with
approximate parallel nerves, which unite by sub-margina! veins.—
Petiolsan inch long, rounded.—Stipules asin P. asiatica.—Corymb

v

162 | PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Psychotria.

terminal, compact, sub-globular, peduncled, villous.— Flowers very
small, sessile, densely crowded, appearing almost capitate. Calyx
rather fleshy, with subulate teeth ; corolla densely bearded at the
throat; in other respects as in asiafica. Berry pertecily round
and smooth, as large as a marrowfat pea, of a bright, pale red colour,
without ribs, but obscurely marked with two opposite lines, its
vertex not crowned, but only marked by a vestige of the calycine
Jacinia. Dissepiment very thin, almost membranous, being at length
obliterated. Seeds two, hemispheric, flat on one side, on the other
convex and gibbous, without ribs or furrows.

Obs. The leaves and stipules are much like those of P. asiati-
cas the inflorescence is much more crowded than in that species,
as are also the berries, which differ remarkably 1 their colour and
form, as is apparent from the description given above. ‘The fissure
along the inner surface of the perisperm is deep and divides intere
~ nally in two branches, resembling, after the fruit has been cut transe
versely, the letter T. In this respect both these species approach
very closely to Coffea,

4. P. truncata, Wall.

Leaves elliptic, ovate, acute, tapering at the base. Stipules large,
ovate, entire. Corymb terminal, small, fleshy, with small bractes.
Calyx truncate. Corolla infundibuliform, with a hairy throat.

Specimens without any name are preserved in Dr. Heyne’s hore
tus siccus, dated 20th March, 1817.

Shrubby? All the parts smooth, except the axils’ of the petiols
which conceal a tuft of long white hair.— Branches round;
the upper ends compressed.—Leaves coriaceous, broad, ovate,
elliptic, acute, entire, base tapering, from six to eight inches long
by four broad, becoming yellowish on being dried, pefectly smooth,
with parallel, approximate, mumerous nerves, whose axille are fo-
veolate.— Petiod about an inch long, sub-marginate.— Stipules large,
Ovate, acute, entire, coriaceous, deciduous, often longer than the
petiols; their back depressed, concave, sub-triangular.—Corymb tera
minal, peduncled, about two-thirds sporeemiian tie uppermost pair

eT

Psychotriz. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 163

of leaves: ramifications fleshy, rather short ; a pair of small bractes
under each division.—Jowers rather large, ternate, short-pedun-
cled ; the intermediate ones sessile-—Culyx cup-shaped, truncate, ob-
scurely five-toothed.—Corolla funnel-skaped, four times longer than
the calyx, with a five-parted lanceolate border.

5. P. connata, Wall.

Leaves lanceolate, acuminate, greatly tapering downwards, sub-
gessile, smovth. S¢zpules ovate, acute.—Corymbs terminal, long-pe-
duncled, trichotomous, with connate, iafundibuliform, sub-lobate
bractes. Flowers sessile, ternate. Calyr truncate. Corolla infundi-
buliform, with a bearded throat.

Specimens of this species are preserved in the late Dr. B. Heyne’s
herbarium, without any name, dated 26th July, 1818.

Shrubby? smooth on all its parts.— Branches round, the upper-
most alternately compressed.—Leaves opposite, spreading, sub-
approximate, entire, lanceolate, acuminate, tapering much from
above the middle downwards, coriaceous; nerves slender, sub oppoe
site, with foveolate axils—Stipules ovate, cupidato-acute, slightly
recurved at the apex, twice as long as the petiols, the uppermost
broad-ovate, acumina(e.— Petiols very shoit, scarcely exceeding two
lines in length, channelled above.—Corymés terminal, long-pedun-
cled, ovate; the first ramifications umbelled, the rest trichotomous.
Peduncles compressed, somewhat angular: common one slender,
from three to four inches long ; partial ones short; under each divisi-
on there is a pair of opposite, large, ovate, acute, obscurely lobed,
ciliate bractes, which are connate at the base, forming asit were
concave ample involucels.— Flowers ternate, sessile.—Calyz urceo-
late, with an entire, obscurely five-toothed margin.—Cvrollainfundibu- —
liform ; tube thrice as long as the calyx; /acini@ of the border lanceos
late ; throat woolly.—Stamina nearly as long as the limb.— Ovarium
small.— Stigma linear, two-lobed, under the throat of the corolla—
Berry ovate, almost black, crowned with the calyx, angular when

dried, about five lines long, two-seeded. Seeds flat,
U2

/

164 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Psychotviz.

6. P. stipulacea, Wail.

Leaves oblong, lanceolate, acuminate, coriaceous, nerved, taper.
ing much at the base, sub-sessile, smooth. Svipules large, with
‘a foliaceous apex. Panicle terminal, trichotomous, much shorter than
‘the leaves. Corolla with a bearded throat.

Native of Penang, from whence specimens were communicated
by my excellent friend Mr. Jack, in 18!9.

Shrubby ? smocth on ail its parts. Leaves much longer than their
-juterstices, tapering from the middle downwards, very narrow at the
‘base, from seven to ten inches long, including the very short petiol;
nerves strong and elevated, their axils obscurely glandular.—Stzpules
-adpressed, leathery, triangular, with concave back, enlarged upwards
into a foliaceous, stem-clasping, undulate, ovate lamina; the whole
smeasuring an inch in length ; within the base. there is a tuft of dense
hair, which remains for some time after ‘the stipules have fallen off.
“The uppermost: or floral leaf is smaller than the rest, lanceclate.
-— Peduncles flattish, supported by ovate, acute, three-lobed, ciliate
bractes.-— Flowers small, ternate, short-pedicelled.-—Calyz with five
ovate, obtuse, short lobes.— Corolla very short, with a campanulate

tube, and densely bearded throat.-—Stamina a litttle elevated above
the limb.

4. P. Reevesii, Wail.

Leaves oblong, lanceolate, acute at each end, smooth, glaucous.—=
Stipules broad-ovate, adpressed, with a rounded apex. Panicle termi-
nal, oval, small, with decussate branches.

Calyx truncate. Corolla
short, with a densely bearded throat.

\

A native of China, probably near Canton, from thence introduc-
ed into the Botanic Garden at Calcutta, in 1821, by my worthy friend
John Reeves, Esq. to whose knowledge and zeal that institution
owes many valuable additions of Chinese plants.
while only a few feet high in April the following year.

Probably a large shrub.

Jt blossomed

Branches round and thick, with copi-
ous small whitish dots; upper extremities slightly compressed.—

Psychotria. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 1€5

Leaves rather approximate, from six to seven inches long, a little
canaliculate, slightly rugose along the nerves, coriaceous, sub-acumi-
nate, acute at the base, rather pale and ylaucous, opaque, strong-
ly marked with sub-opposite nerves underneath, each having an

axillary foveola.—Petiol half an inch long, round, thick, ebscurely
pubescent.— Stipules measuring half the length of the petiols, closely
adpressed, broad-ovate, very obtuse, concealing within the base a
series of short hairs; deciduous,— Panicle sub sessile, ovate, much
shorter than the uppermost leaves, smooth, with short, decussate ra-
mifications.— Bractes opposite under each division, lanceolate,

acute, deciduous.—Flowers small, ternate, inodorous, pea-green,

~sub-sessile—Ca/yr obscurely, unequally, and obtusely five-lobed.

—Tube of the corolla sub-campanulate; border divided into five
lanceolate, acute lacinie, their apex pubescent, slightly incurved. A
dense tuft of snow-white hairs protrudes considerably above the
throat, concealing the stamina.—Ovarium as in all the other species,
two-celled, each cell containing an upright sub-cylindric ovulum.
—Style capillary, perforating at the base a fleshy glandular convex
disc which crowns the ovary Stigma oblong, two-lobed, smooth.

8. P. aurantiaca, Wail.

Leaves lanceolate, acuminate, smooth, short-petioled. Szzpules
ovate,acuminate. Panicle terminal, erect, penduncled, with verti-
cilled branches. Flowers ternate ; the intermediate one sessile. Calyz
truncate. Corolla with long tube and dacinia, villous under the throat.

Specimens of this distinct species were communicated to me in
1819, by Mr. Jack, who had gathered them at Penang.

Probably a large shrub ; all its parts perfectly smooth. Upper
branches complanate.— Leaves approximate, from five to seven inches
long, shining, minutely dotted beneath, with slender, parallel, and ape
proximate nerves underneath, on very short petiols.—Stipules very
deciduous, ovate, terminated by along subulate acumen.— Panicle
considerably elevated ona flattish peduncle, many-flowered, erect ¢
the secondary and tertiary ramifications verticilled, supported by

166 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNTA. Psychotria.

emall bractes, slightly pubescent.—Calyx truncate, obscurely five-
fobed.—Corol/a larger than in any of the other species described
here, infundibuliform.—Zube cylindric, villous from the middle of
the instde to the throat; daciniw of the border linear-lanceolate,
gpreading.— Stamina exserted.-- Stigma two-lobed under the throat.
— Berry obovate, as large as a cherry-stone, orange-coloured.

Q. P. denticulata, Wall.

Stem adscending with a creeping base. Leaves ovate, short, acumi.
mate. Séipules ovate, sub-cordate, with dentate apex. Panicle termis
gal, cymose, with numerous very small flowers. Seeds hemispheric.

L have only found this in the forest of Sanko in Nipal, blossoms
ing in the rainy season, and ripening its fruit in October.

Sfem adscending, creeping at the base, round, as thick as a swan’s
quull, purplish, smooth, one or two feet long, undivided or sparingly
dichotomous ; its upper extremity compressed.—Leaves ovate, or
sub-obovate, witha short, broad acumen, coriaceous, from six to nine
inches lone, base tapering, upper surface dark green, shining, under
one pallid, marked with very numerous, closely approximated nerves
and reticulate veins; their margins sub-cartilaginous. Petiol round,
alightly furrowed, above half an inch long.—Stzpules ovate, with
a sub-cordate base, somewhat fleshy, marked at the apex with two
or three unequal, subulate teeth, gibbous, pubescent on the outs
side, villous within at the base, nearly equalling the petiols. Punicle
terminal, broad-ovate, cymose, pubescent, peduncled, erect, consiste
ing of very numerous, extremely small flowers. Bractes small, lane
ceolate. Calyx with five subulate teeth. Coro//a sub-rotate, with
a slightly hairy throat. Berry (not quite ripe,) globular, two-celled,
two-seeded, purple, of the size of asmall currant. Seeds semi-gloe
bular, as in my P. sphaerocarpa.

10. P. adenophylla, Wall.

Shrubby, smooth. Leaves lanceolate, acuminate, shining, glan-
dular. Stepules ovate, obtuse, with connate bases. Racemes tere
minal, cylindric. Throat of the corolla, villous.

rien

Psychotria. PENTANDRIA BONOGYNIA, 167

Native of Silhet, blossoming in the hot season. Specimens as
well as growing plants were from thence sent to this garden in 1815,
by the late Mr. Smith.

Beng. Alada Choonart,

A small ramous shrub with opposite, round, ash-grey branches >
the uppermost dichotomous, somewhat compressed. Leaves op-=
posile, coriaceous, lanceolate, acuminate, acute at the base, trans-
versely rugose, shining above, pallid, with parallel nerves underneath,
the axils of the latter with adeep glandular fovea which is contracted
at the mouth, and appears elevated cn the upper surface; from three
to four inches long. Pefiols scarcely half an inch long, rouuded,
with a number of jointed hairs within their base. Stipules adpressed,
broad-ovate, equalling, and sometimes slightly exceeding the petiols,
their base connected into a tube which is villous within; deciduous,
keeled on the back.— Raceme terminal, erect, about the thickness
of a small finger, scarcely equalling the uppermost pair of leaves in
Jength ; mostly with a few small branches at the base — Peduacles
flattened, from one to three-inches long, surrounded at the base with
two opposite, sheathing, aristate-acuminate bractes; partial, very
short, approximate, opposite, twice.or thrice trichotomous, with very
small bractlets.—Flowers sma'l, greenish, fascicled, sub-sessile.—
Calyx truncate, obscurely five-toothed.—Corod/a with a short infun-
dibuliform tube; lacinig lanceolate, acute ; faur villous.— Stamma
recondite among the villi of the throat.—Stioma in the mouth of the
corolla divided into two oval, fleshy, scabrous lobes.

Obs. The inflorescence of this species renders it very distinct
from all those of the East Indies. The leaves are remarkably
glandular in the axils of the nerves ; a circumstance which is more
or less the case with all genuine Psychotria. The leaves of the
young shoots are generally twice as large as the rest, of an oblong,
sub-ovate form.

11. P. curviflora, Wall.
Leaves lanceolate-oblong, long, acuminate, tapering much down-

163 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA; Psychotria,

wards, long-petioled. Raceme small, terminal. Corol long and
slender, tubular, with an incurved border.

Specimens were collected at Penang and communicated by Mr.
Jack, in 1819.

Branches round, rather slender, smooth, dotted with purplishspecks.
—Leaves oblong, lanceolate, finely acuminate, tapering very much
downwards, thin and membranous, smooth, shining above, with pu-
bescent rib and nerves underneath, the latter glandular, connected
by a distinct, sub-marginal, arched vein; reticulate ; their length from
seven toten inches; the acumen very narrow and linear, about an-
inch long.— Petiol very slender, two or three inches long; its apex
gently widening into the narrow base of the leaf.—Stipules ovate,
rounded, obtuse, adpressed, withering, sometimes unl- or bi dene
tate at the upper end; smooth, with a series of adpressed hairs with
in their insertion.— Raceme terminal, smooth, oval, compact, erect,
short-peduncled, many times shorter than the leaves, consisting of
Opposite, approximate, more or less compouud fascicles of sessile,
long flowers.— Bractes very small.—Calyx minute, smooth, with
five toothlets.— Corel/a tubular, sub-adscending, nearly an inch long,
cylindric, slender, striated, widening a little towards its limb, which
is very short, five-lobed; odes lanceolate, acute, when dry they are
incurved; throat naked, smooth.—Filaments inserted a little above
the middle of the tubeand there decurrent, capillary, longish. Anthers
linear, elevated above the throat— Ovarium oblong, two-celled, two«
seeded; ovula erect, flat.— Style capillary. Stigma linear, bipartite,
below the apex of the tube.

Obs. The long; slender, curved tube of the corolla, its proporti-
onately short incurved border and the long capillary filaments insert-
ed near the middle of the tube render this and the next species. very
distinct from all the preceding ones. Both seem to approach to
Chassallia (Chasalia 2?) Commers, Juss,.in Mem. du Mus. vi. $79.

12. P. ophioryloides, Wail.
Dichotomous, sub-scandent, smooth. Leaves lanceolate, shorts

Canthium. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 169

petioled, acuminate, Séipules ovate, acuminate. Corymb smal),
terminal. Corol long, slender, tubular, with incurved border.

A native of Szlhet from whence specimens were sent to me in
1821. Flowering time March.

Beng. Basook.

A smooth shrub, Branches dichotomous, siender, cylindric,
sub-scandent, greyish.— Leaves approximate, widely spreading, oppo.
site, lanceolate, acuminate, base acute, both sides smooth; vessels
on the under surface as in the last species ; about five inches long,
—Petiols very short.—Stzpules ovate, ending in a long, sometimes
bifid, cuspidate acumen, withering and at length falling off.— Flowers
disposed in a terminal, small, short-peduncled corymb ; they are
rather shorter than in the last, but in other respects of precisely the
same structure.

CANTHIUM. Lamarck.

Calyx four or five-toothed. Corol one-petalled, tubular. Germ
two-celled, one-seeded; attachment sub-superior. Drupe inferior
two-seeded. Embryo inverse, and furnished with a perisperm.

1. C. angustifolium, R.

Shrubby, armed. Leaves lanceolate, lucid. Flowers axillary,
pentandrous. Séyle length of the corol.

Beng. Kota-mulli.

A well armed, shrubby, very ramous species, a native of the hills
in the vicinity of Chittagong, Silhet, and the whole eastern frontier
of Bengal. Flowers from March till July, and probably the greater
part of the year.

Trunk obscure. Branches numerous; young shoots straight,
slender, firm, reund and smooth.—Spznes axillary, expanding. —
Leaves on the youngest shoots in single, opposite pairs ; on the older
branchlets fascicled ; ali are short-petioled, lanceolate, entire, long,

taper-pointed, firm and polished, from one inch to two and half
vy

170 , PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Canthium.

‘Jong, and half or three-quarters of an inch broad.— Stipules interfo-
Jiaceous, ensiform., £/owers axillary, several together, small, short-
peduncled, greenish-yellow.—Ca/yz acetabuliform, five-angled, five-
=toothed.—Corol ; tube short-and gibbous ; border of five-lanceolate
segments. Filaments five, «from the fissures of the corol, short.
-Anthers linear, erect, equalling the ‘border of the corol.—Germ in=
ferior, turbinate, two-celied, with one ovulum in each, attached to
-the upper part of the partition. “Séy/e the length of the corol. Stigma
large, with a bifid apex.—Drupe infericr, sub-rotund, apex retuse, as
an. C. parviflorum, smooth, size of a black currant, when-ripe yellow,
two-celled, though one of the-cells is frequently abortive.

2. C. parcifolium, R.

Shrubby, armed, hairy. “Leaves oval, entire. Flowers axillary,
crowded, pentandrous ; ¢ube of the coro] globular. ;

The shape of the leaves alone forbids the supposing of this'tobe Plu.
kenet’s Amaranthoides indicum, verticillatum, Parietariz hirsutis foliis
aculeatum, &c. Alm. 27.t. 133. f. 3. Consequently it is neither
Monetia diacantha, Willd. Spec. i670. nor Azima diacantha, La-
‘mark, Encyclop. 1. 343.

Is a middling-sized, very:rigid, ramous shrub, the tender shoots
and underside of the leaves hairy. ‘The inside of the tube of the
-corol is surrounded with a circle of straight white bristles of its
-own length, imserted round its mouth, and pointing te its bottom.
Flowering time the rainy season.

3.C. parviflorum, Roxb. Corom. i. 3. #. 51.—Gert. sem. iii. 93. ¢.
O96.

Shrubby, thorns opposite, horizontal. | Leaves opposite.and fas-
cicled. Flowers axillary, tetrandrous.

Kanden-kara, Rheed. mal. v.71. t. 36.

Webera tetrandra, Willd. Spec. i. 1224.

Deling. Balusoo-kura.

‘This is ope of the most common, scraggy, thorny bushes on the

Canthium. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 171
Coast; every soil, and situation suits it. Flowering time the hot
season; the seeds ripen in September. .

Trunk scarcely any, but branches innumerable, the smaller are re=
gularly cross-armed, and spreading.—Thorns simple, opposite, above
the axils, spreading, cross-armed, very strong and very sharp; in luxe
uriant plants they are sometimes. three-fold.— Leaves on the young
shoots opposite, on the older branchlets fascicled, short-petioled,.
yeflexed, ovate, entire, smooth; size various.— Stzpules. connecting,
subulate.— Umbellets, or rather. racemes opposite, below the thorns,
small, about the length of the leaves.— Peduncles and pedicels smooth,
round.— Flowers small, yellow.— Calyx above, four-toothed; teeth
acute; permanent.—Corol one-petalled. Tube. vibbous, short ;.
mouth, downy. Border four-parted ; segments ovate, expanded.—
Filaments four, in the mouth of the corol. Anihers ovate.—Germ.
inferior, globular, two-celled, with one ovudum in each attached to the
axis above its middle. Style rather longer than the tube of the corol.
Stigma headed.— Drupe cbcordate, laterally compressed a little. with
a hollow on each side, size of a cherry, crowned with the remainmg.
calyx, flesliy, smooth, yellow, two-celled.— Nuts two, one in each
cell, oblong, one-celled.—Embryo inverse, subecylindric a little
curved, and furnished with a soft amygdaline perisperm.

Obs. The bush makes excellent fences. The ripe fruit is eaten by
the natives. ‘The leaves are universally eaten in curries; on that ae-
count the plant has the additional name kura.which means esculent.

4, C. didymum, Gert. Carp. iii. 94. t. 1¢6.*

Sub-arboreous, unarmed. Leaves oblong and oval. Cymes axillary,
sub-sessile. Flowers pentandrous. Style longer than the cylindgie
tube of the corol, with a mitre-shaped stigma. ;

Teling. Naum-papula.

Webera cymosa, Willd. Spec. i. 1224.

A small tree, a native of the interior mountains of the coast of
Coromandel,

Bark smooth, on the young shoots shining ereen.— Leaves oppo-

* C, cymosum, Pers, enchirid. i, 200.—N. VW
¥2

172 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Vangueria,

site, short-petioled, oval, firm, smooth, of a shining deep green, about
six inches long; on the under side in the axils of the principal
veins are to be found the characteristic glands of the Gardenias, they
are smooth and hollow; in the Gardenias they are generally surround-
ed with a hairy marein.—Stpules within the leaves. —Cymes axillary,
short-peduncled, simple, or compound, bearing many small, white,
very fragrant flowers.—Cafyx and coro! as in the family — Filaments
five, short, somewhat crooked, inserted into the downy throat of the
tube of the corolla.—Anchers incumbent, oblong.—Germ inferior,
globula’. Style nearly twice the length of the tube. Sézgma large, -
mitre-shaped.-—Pericarp a top-shaped berry, the size of a small cher-
ry, when ripe black and shining, crowned with the calyx.— Seeds two.

5. C. moluccanum, R.

Pentandrous, unarmed. Leaves oblong. Style length of the short
gibbous tube of the corol; stigma turbinate.
A native of tiie Molucca Islands,

VANGUERIA. Juss.

Calyx five-toothed. Corol one-petalled; tube gibbous; mouth
shut with hairs. Germ five-celled; cel/s one-seeded; attachment

interior. Berry inferior, five-seeded. Embryo inverse, and furs
nished with a perisperm.

1. V. spinosa, R.

Shrubby, armed with decussate spines.

Sung. fyuetaa:, Pindeetuka, fyzetcta:, Pindeerama, Tut
qiximea:, Pindeedharaphula, pean, Muroovuka saa, Shwu-
sund, HCTStTY Kurahata, qeveteus, Kurahataka, yreq:, Shu-
lya, Raya Shulyuka, Fees, Muduna, arfcatt: Karzkara, qa»
Toorya, ants, Tugura, qaeTe, Kuntala, faqale:, Bishumoos-

Vangueria. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 173

thz, fqerEayT:, Bishupoospuka, Bem, Chhurduna, qaera:;
Ghuntala, Que Ta: Ghantakhya, Sa: Hursha, afeeraa:, Vusti-

rodhung, yfspaaq:, Grusth¢phula, Fyaqra:, Monuphula, and all
the names of Baq or Cupid.

Beng. Muyna.

A small tree or large bush ; a native of Bengal and also of China,
I presume, as there are some plantsin the Botanic Garden brought
from thence. Flowering time the beginning of the hot season ; fruit
ripe in three or four months afterwards.

Trunk irregular, which with the branches is armed with strong
straight, opposite, or three-fold thorns.— Leaves opposite, and three«
fold, short-petioled, ovate-oblong, entire, smooth, from three to four
inches long.— Stipules opposite, and three-fold, within the leaves as in
Gardenia. — Flowers axillary, fascicled on a common short peduncle,
with proper, longer pedicels, small, of a pale greenish-colour.— Calyx
five-toothed..-Corol one-petalled. Tube sub-globular ; mouth shut
with much long, white hair; border generally five-parted, spreading,
Filaments five, very short, inserted into the mouth of the tube of
the corol. Anthers small, cordate.— Germ inferior, turbinate, four- or
five-celled, with one ovu/um in each, attached to the axis a little above
the middle. Style so long as to elevate its large glandular four- or
five-lobed stigma just above the anthers——Berry or rather Drape
round, turbinate, size of a cherry, smooth, when ripe yellow, succu-
lent, and edible.—Sceeds four or five, obliquely oblong, inner edge
narrower and straight. © Integuments two; exterior a hard, dark-co-
Joured nut; énterior membranaceous.— Perisperm conform to the
seeds, amygdaline.—Himbryo inverse, a Jittle curved, Cotyledons
scarcely so long as the radicle, lanceolate. Radicle columnar, supe-
rior.

Obs. The fruit is eaten by the natives. Its flowers come exceed-
ingly near to those of my Canthium parviflorum, as does also the
whole habit of the plant.

174 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIAc Lonicera,

LONICERA. Schreb. Gen. N. 319.

Corol one-petalled, irregular. Berry inferior, two-celled, many
seeded.

1. L. quinguelocularis, Hardwick, in Asiat. Res. vi. 351.

Shrubby. Leaves petioled, elliptic, acute, entire, villous. Pee
duncles axillary, solitary, short, two-flowered. Berries five-celled.

Found by Colonel Hardwick, in vallies about Adwanee on his.
tour to Shreenugura, and there called Lung-phool by the natives.

! Obs. by N. W.

My highly respected friend Major-General Hardwick suspects:
this to be my L. ligustrina, and the drawing, with which he has fa-
vored me, is not unlike it. But the structure of the ovary and fruit
is totally different; and the leaves are much larger, which is alse
somewhat the case with regard to the flowers.

Additional species by N. W.

2. L. japonica, Thunb. jap. 89. ;

Hairy and ‘villous. Leaves-oblong cordate, ash-grey and villous
undemeath. Peduncles axillary and terminal, two-flowered, forming
an ample leafy raceme. Bractes linear. ‘ube of the corolla hairy,
filiform, very long, even.

L. japonica, Andrews’s repos. ix. 583.—Edwards’s regist. i. 70.

L. Periclymenum, Lourier. Cochinch. ed. Willd. 1. 195?

Nin-too, it. Sin-too, vulgo Sui-Kadsura et Kin gin qua, 1. e. auré
argentique flos, Kempf. Amen. 785.

Native of Silhet and Nipal. 1n the latter country it embellishes
most of the forests both in the valley and on the surrounding hills
with its elegant blossoms from April to June. The fruit ripeus im
October. From both countries i! was introduced in 1818 into this

\

Lonicere. WENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 173

garden, where it thrives luxuriantly, is easily propagated by layers
and blossoms freely in the hot season.

Nipal, Socha.

Being. Tea-parooa.

I have very little to add to the excellent description and figure
in the botanical register quoted ahove, which agrees perfectly with
my plant. The figure in Andrews’s work wants its copious long hairs.

In Nipal this most charming shrub grows to a luxuriant height,

climbing and rambling to a very considerable extent. Sem and
branches cylindyic. Leaves rather remote, oblong or ovate, acu-
-minate, from three to five inches long, shining above, and villous
along the nerves, margins hairy; under surface beautifully reticu-
Jate, glaucous, villous and hairy. The flowers deserve well the
‘appellation which the accurate Kempfer saysthey bear in Japan,
‘Gold and Silver flowers,” being at first snow-white, and gradually
changing into a beautiful yellow, as do several of the species of
‘Gardenia ; acquiring thereby a peculiarly elegant, varied appearance.
— Berries nearly globular, smooth, deep-purple, covered slightly
‘with a pale bloom, crowned with the persistent, villous calyx, about
the size of a black currant, three-celled ; ce//s four-seeded.

8. L. glabrata, Wali.

Smooth. Leaves ovate, acuminate, glaucous underneath. Flowers
smooth, geminate, in axillary and terminal fascicles. Bractes ovate.
Tube of the corolla rather short, cylindric, widening at its apex.

L. nigra, Thunb. jap. 89; Id. in Act. Soc. Linn. 11. 330? :

I have only found this at the top of Sheopore ; it has been brought
to me from Kabelas in the valley to the N. of that mountain, blossom-
ing and fruiting rather earlier than the preceding species.

A climbing, large, branchy shrub, with smooth, shining, brownish
stem and branches ; the upper end of the latter, and the young shoots
slightly villous.— Leaves ovate-oblong, acuminate, from three to five
inches long, petioled, and perfectly distinct, rounded, seldom obtuse
at the base, perfectly smooth on both sides, except underneath along

176 PENTANDRIA MONOGYRIA. Lonicera.

the elevated rib and nerves, which are pubescent; the upper sur-
face polished, the under one glaucous, transversely reticulate.— Petiols
scarcely half an inch long, mostly a little villous, surrounding the stem
and branches with an elevated margin (as has been well observed by
Mr. Edwards in the preceding species.)— Peduncles axillary, opposite,
and terminal, short, villous, bearing towards the apex several oppo-
site, approximate, very short, two-flowered pedicels.— Flowers yellow,
much shorter than those of japonica, smooth, with a purplish bloom
on, the outside, united by two’s at the apex of each pedicel and
supported by a common involucrum, consisting of six very small
ovate, ciliate bractes, the two outermost of which are acute, the
Intermediate opposite pairs rounded, obtuse, and rather shorter.—
Calycine lacinieé subulate, ciliate-— Tube of the corolla about an inch
long, widening at the apex into the bilabiate limb, which as weil as
the filaments and style are somewhat hairy ; upper lip trifid, obtuse,
intermediate lobe retuse; the under one oblong.—Stigma capitate,
scabrous.— Berries distinct, almost black, three-celled; cells fours
seeded, exactly like those of the foregoing species.

Obs. This species comes near to japonica, as will be perceived
from the description just given of it. It is however easily distin-
guished by its smoothness, and the shorter flowers, the tube of
which is not filiform as in that, but cylindric, widening at the apex;
the bractes differ also in not being linear or subulate. ‘Together
with that it is intermediate between Lonicera and Caprifolium.

.
4. L. acuminata, Wall.
Leaves from ovate to oblong-cordate, finely acuminate, slightly

hairy. Peduncles axillary, longer than the petiols, villous, two-flow-
ered. Corolla not gibbous, infundibuliform.

Found by my people at Gosain-Than in the Hzmaluya moun-
tains ; in flower in July.

A very ramous climbing shrub with numerous Jong slender
smooth branches, covered with a fibrous, separating epidermis ;
the younger ones as well as the petiols and peduncles densely villous,

becoming ferruginous on being dried.— Leaves distinct, spreading;

Lonicera. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA: 177

Jonger than their interstices, varying from ovate to oblong, finely
acuminate, tapering, base cordate, from three to five inches long, ra-
ther sparingly beset with hairs on both sides, membranous. Petio/s
half an inch long, surrounding the place of insertion with a slight-
ly elevated line.— Peduncles axillary, solitary, twice as long as the
_petiols, two-flowered, bearing often at the apex a pair of lanceolate,
narrow, spreading floral leaves, one or two inches long, sometimes,
though not always, supplying the place of the two longest bractes.
At the apex of the peduncle there is the usual involucrum of six
small bractes, which are hairy ; the two outer ones linear, spreading,
exceeding the ovaria in length ; the intermediate opposite pairs small,
adpressed, ovate, obtuse.—-£/owers of the same colour and form as
those of L. Xylosteum, to which this species comes nearest, and also
about their size; they are yellow, tinged with pale purple, slightly
hairy on the outside.— Lacinie of the calyx lanceolate, ciliate, blun-
tish. Tube of the corodla not gibbous at the base. Ovarium smooth;
style and filaments hairy; stigma capitate.

5. L. lanceolata, Wall.

Sub-erect? Leaves lanceolate, acuminate, hairy ; base acute; glau-
cous underneath. Peduncles axillary, longer than the petiols, like
them villous. Berries two, distinct, globular, smooth,

Gathered by my people at Gosain-Than; in fruit in August,

Stem shrubby, covered with a fibrous epidermis, probably erect,
cylindric. Branches slender, round, pubescent, their base surround-
ed by a number of lanceolate, acuminate, arid, one-nerved persistent
bud-scales ; they appear to be but slightly climbing.— Leaves lanceo-
late, tapering, acuminate, acute at the base, about three inches long,
with somewhat uneven, sub-repand margins, shining, pubescent above;
glaucous, and hairy underneath, nerved and reticulate-veined.— Peti-
ols about one-third of an inch long, villous.— Peduncles axillary, op-
posite, villous, twice as long as the petiols. Berries two, distinct, of
the size and colour of a black currant, smooth, shining, crowned, three-
celled, supported by two linear, and four ovate bractes, the latter

recurved and shorter.—J have not seen the flowers.
W

yt

178 ‘PENTANDA!IA MONOGYENIA, Lcnicera,

6..L. Leschenaultiz, Wall. .

Leaves ovate, sub-cordate, acute, hoary underneath. “Peduncles
two-flowered, axillary, solitary, or terminal, fascicled. Tube of the
corol with.an even base.

Kindly communicated by Mr, Leschenault,~who found it on Neel
gir?, and who inforins me the native-name is “ Moulle quede.”

A climbing shrub. Branches round,-villous.— Leaves opposite,
spreading, ovate, acute, with a sub-cordate base, longer than their in-,
terstices, from one to two inches long, smooth above, margins ciliate,
villous, -hoary, and almost white underneath, with elevated rib, «
nerves, and elegantly reticulate veins.-—Peéiols villous, about four
lines long.-—Peduncles short, villous, two-flowered, axillary and soli-
tary, or terminal, fascicled.. At the apex of each peduncle there is an
involucrum, consisting of six unequal villous bractes which support
the two flowers; two of them are opposite, linear, spreading in a line
with the back -of each ovarium, which they exceed . considerably
jn length; the four others are several times shorter, ovate, acute,
adpressed to the ovarium and placed in two opposite pairs between
the outer ones. The five teeth of the calyx linear, villous.—Corolla
large, probably yellow, witha villous, slender tube which measures
an inch in length; base-not gibbous; apex getly widening imto the
two-lipped, large, open border, which is nearly as long as the tube;
the upper lip consisting of four ovate, obtuse lacinie ; under lip deep=
ly divided ; Zacinie linear, widening at the obtuse apex ; throat villous,
—Filaments long, filiform, equalling the border. — Qvarium ovate,
willous.— Style as long-as the siamina. -Stigma large, capitate.

7. L. diversifolia, Wall,
Leaves ovate, cuspidate, acute, or acuminate, base rounded, or
sub-cordate, villous underneath. Peduneles axillary, shoiter than
the petiols, two-fowered. Calyx cup-shaped, acutely five-lobed,
-Corol gibbous, infundibuliform, villous.
A specimen was communicated. by Dr. Govan,-cellected on the
mountain of Gurwal.

Branches round, climbing, covered with soft villosity. ~Leaves vas

Lonicera: PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA: 179

rying in figure, from ovate to cordate, with a simply acute, or acumi-
nate, always cuspidale apex, three inches long, margins rather une-
qual; pubescent above, densely villous and soft underneath.— Petiols
very short, villons. Peduncles axillary, decurved, scarcely two lines
Jong, shorter than the petiols, smooth, two-flowered. Bractes cilias
ted with long hairs; two of them are linear, four ovate.—Flowers
axillary, villous on the outside, resembling those of Xylosteum as to
size and colour. Calyx cup-shaped, divided into five acute, villous
lobes.—- Tube of the corol/a gibbous at the base.—Ovarium hairy.

Obs. It is much like Xylosteum but differs both in its greater
villosity and the figure of the leaves; its calyx 1s larger and cup-shap-
ed. Loureiro’s Lonicera Xylosteum is probably not this species.

8. L. ligustrina, Wall.

Leaves lanceolate, tapering from the rounded base, acute, shining,
smooth, ciliate, sub-sessile. ’/owers binate, pubescent, gibbous, on
axillary peduncles. Base of the calyx, concave, truncate, loose.—
Ovarium and berries covered by a common membrane.

I have found it in shady forests on several of the mountains of
Nipal, blossoming in summer and ripening its fruit during the rains.

A branchy, ramous, slender shrub, with long, cylindric, climbing
branches, covered with ash-grey, shining, smooth bark ; young shoots
villous, surrounded at the base with some lanceolate, acute, quadrie-
fariously imbricate bud-scales.—Leaves opposite, sub-bifarious, at
least twice as long as their interstices, from lanceolate to ovate-lan-
ceolate, rounded at the base, from thence tapering into a cuspidus
Jate point, one cr two inches long, smooth, coriaceous, ciliate, dark-
green, lucid above, paler and reticulate underneath, Petzols exceed-
ingly short, measuring scarcely a line and a half in length, villous,—
Peduncles axillary, opposite, villous, three lines longer than the pe-
tiols, a little nodding at the apex, two-flowered. Bractes two, at the
apex of the peduncle, supporting the flowers, opposite, spreading,
linear, ciliate, smooth.—Calyx smooth, minute, contracted at the
middle and having the shape of two cups attached to each other by
their bottoms ; the margin of the lower cup truncate and entire, a

little oblique, adheving obliquely to the vertex of the ovarlum ; upper
W 2

380 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Triosteum.

cup sub-cylindric, with five minute, linear, ciliate, erect toothlets.—
Corol yellowish-white, infundibuliform, half an inch long; tube gib-
bous and pubescent at the base, villous within; the protuberance
obtuse, pointing outward; throat somewhat widening ; border sub-
equal, spreading, divided into five ovate, obtuse, ciliate laciniz.
Filaments smooth, inserted immediately under the throat, about the
Jength of the limb, somewhat spreading; rather unequal. Anthers
linear, versatile, Ovaria two, ovate, distinct, but covered by a com-
mon membrane, so as to appear as if there was only one, which at
the vertex bears two divergent calyces; three-celled, cells with three-
pendulous ovula.—Style hairy, about the length of the stamina.
Stigma small, globular.— Berries loosely covered with the common
membrane of the ovaria, small; [ have not seen them in a ripe state.

TRIOSTEUM. Schreb. Gen. £20.
Calyx five-parted, equalling the one-petalled corol. Corol with
the border divided into five sub-equal segments. Berry inferior,
one-celled. Seeds from three to five, pyrenous.

1. T. hirsutum, R.

Shrubby, hirsute. Leaves short: petioled, lanceolar, entire, acumi-
nate. lowers axillary, sessile, much shorter than their numerous
lanceolar biactes. Berries five-seeded.

A native of Chittagong, where it flowers during the hot season;
seed ripe in June and July.

2. T. himaluyanum, Wall.

Covered with long hairs. Leaves obovate, acute, connate at the
base, the lowermost free. Raceme terminal, verticilled.

Brought from Gosain-Than by my plant-collectors, in fruit in
August. It grows on very high and exposed rocks.

Root thick and woody, perennial, Stem erect, round, as thick as
a swan’s quill, becoming slenderer at the apex, from two to three
feet high, undivided, as well as the leaves densely beset with large,
distinct, spreading, rather soft, shining, silvery hairs.— Leaves twice
as long as their interstices, very spreading, membranous, sub-de-
cussate, from six to eight inches long, obovate, rounded at the end,

Leycesterid. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA! 181

with a short acumen, about four fingers broad, somewhat narrow.
er towards the base, and there uniting with the opposite one and
surrounding the stem with a broad flat lamina; margins rather un-
even, a little waved; both sides very soft and hairy; nerves and rib
elevated oa the under reticulate surface. The lowermost pair or two
are small, rather remote, oblong and not connate.—FJowers I have
not seen.— Berries oval, the size of a very small gooseberry, crowned.
by a small calyx, which is divided into five ovate, very short lobes ;
yellow, hairy, three-furrowed, one-celled, three-seeded. Pulp soft,
scanty.— Seeds rather large, oblong, somewhat three-sided, smooth,
greenish-black; the back convex, with two broadish, longitudinal
furrows which vanish downwards ; inner two sides flat, separated by
a rounded angle; upper end a little narrower, and marked on the in-
side with a small excavated umbilicus. Outer integument thick,
bony, blackish; the anner one between membranous and fungous,
yellowish, thin, closely applied with its inner polished surface to the
perisperm, marked along the margins of the latter with a broadish
fascicle of vessels, which descends from the umbilicus and com-
pletely surrounds the seed.—Pertsperm conform to the seed in its
general figure, but much more flat, scarcely a line in diameter, the
back scarcely convex, the inner side divided by an obscure line;
semi-transparent, pale-yellow, friable ; its vertex marked with a la.
teral umbilicus, its margins rounded, obscurely furrowed from the
pressure of the umbilical chord; its substance is divided into two
parts by an exceedingly narrow cavity, parallel to its sides, extend-
ing to withina line of the periphery, filled with a mucilaginous pulp;
this structure gives the perisperm the appearance of two flat coty.
ledons, on its being divided horizontally. Embryo very short, thick,
pendulous from the apex of the cavity of the perisperm, milk-white ;
cotyledons oval, obtuse ; radicula superior, conical—_ N, W..
Additional Genera by N. W.
LEYCESTERIA. Wall.

Calyz above, unequally five-parted. Corolla infundibuliform,

gibbous above the base of the tube; border divided into five sub-

»

£82 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Leycesteria.

equal lobes. Fzlaments exserted. Stigma capitate. Berry crown-
ed, five-celled, many-seeded. Seeds smooth, shining.

The station of this genus in the system of Linneus is Pentandria
monogynia, the section with superior monopetalous flowers, and a
five-celled berry.

In the natural arrangement it belongs to the fifth section of Ru-
biacee (Juss. in mem. du. mus. vi. 398), connecting it with the fa-
mily of Caprifoliacee.

itis a beautiful large shrub with rambling elongated fistulous bran-
ches, opposite, glaucous leaves, and nodding, short racemes, furnish=
ed with colcured, foliaceous bractes. I have great satisfaction in de-
dicaiing it to my highly esteemed friend William Leycester, Esq. chief
judge of the principal native court under the Bengal presidency, who
during a long series of years and in various distant parts of Hindoc-
sUhan has pursued every branch of horticulture with a munificence,
zeal, and success which abundantly entitle him to that distinction.

1. L formosa, Wall. i

This charming shrub grows wild on. the highest mountains sure
rounding the valley of Nipal, blossoming from April to October.
Its fruit ripens at the end of the rains and during the commencement
of winter. J have also had it from much more northerly situations to«
wards Gosain-Than. According to my friend Dr. Govan it is found
in abundance at an elevation seldom less than 8,000 feet above the
plains, among the pine and oak forests of Bishuhur, as at Huttoo,
ard at Desoo in the Thakooraee of Kioouthul, blossoming from June

till August, and called by the natives Nulkwrog.

Parbuteeya, Oodooa.

Stem shrubby, erect, leaning at the apex, from ten to twelve feet
high, from an inch to an inch and a third in diameter, cylindric, hol-
low, intercepted by distant partitions, covered with smooth, pale
brown, shining, rather scabrous bark; wood white, close grained,
Branches numerous, opposite, spreading, elongated, slender, weak,
rambling over adjoining shrubs, or decumbent, fistulous, cylindric,
' smooth ; when dried they appear contracted and joined at their divisions
and at the insertion of the leaves; their base is surrounded by several

Leycesteri2, PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. ; ‘183

lanceolate bud-scales. A number of luxuriant shoots issue from the
soot, which are thicker and more erect than the branches, of a pur-
plish colour, as are also sometimes the younger branches.— Leaves
opposite, spreading, ovate-lanceolate, witha rounded or sub-cordate
base, from whence they taper into a very long, linear acumen, entire,
membranous, generally longer than their interstices, from four to
five inches long, those of the radical shoots very remote; smooth,
opaque above, glaucous underneath, and roughish from a few short
hairs observable on the elevated rib and oblique nerves; veins mi-
nutely reticulate.—Pefiols slender, hairy aud clanuelled, about half
an inch long, widening at the base, surrounding the place of inser-
tion with an elevated margin, which on the older branches widens into
a ligulate, recurved, interpetiolary process.— Flower's white with a tinge
of purple, ivodorous, middling-sized, sessile, sub-fascicled, disposed
in approximate verticils of fives and sixes, forming short, nodding, leafy,
oblong racemes, which terminate the branches and branchlets.—
Bractes large, foliaceous, membranous, sub-decussate, more or less
purple, pubescent and ciliate, veined, lanceolate, attenuate and finely
acuminate, sessile, surrounding the rachis with their concave basis;
there.are generally six under each verticil, of which the two outer ones
are two or three inches long, rounded and generally connate at the
base ; the inner ones much smaller ; those at the base of the raceme,
are considerably larger than the rest. Calyx above, persistent
five-parted, small ; divisions limear, acute, ciliate, with gland-capitate
hairs ; unequal : two considerably longer than the rest.—Corol/a in-
fundrbuliform, pubescent, about two-thirds of an inch long ; tube cy-
kindric, very narrow at the base, and immediately above it swelled and
gibbous all round; widening into the five-parted campanulate bore
der, its inside marked with five oblong pubescent protuberances,
alternating with the insertion of the filaments.—Seoments nearly
equaj, ovate, bluntish, a little spreadinc.—Stamina. five, erect, .
about the length of the border, alternating with its laciniea and
imserted immediately below their fissures ; filaments filiform, somes
what hairy ; anthers vacillatine, oblong, two-celled, inserted a little
above the middle of their back, shorter than the filament.—Ovarium

184 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Urophyllum.

ovate, hairy, supported by a small lanceolate proper bractlet, five-
celled, many-seeded ; ovu/a attached in a double series to an axile pla-
-‘centa.— Style filiform, shorter than the stamina. Stigma fleshy, ca-
pitate, entire —Berry dark purple, approaching to black, round,
as large as a small gooseberry, covered with short, capitate hairs,
obscurely ten-ribbed, crowned with the unaltered calyx ; five-celled.
Pulp, very soft.—Dissepiments thin, at length almost obliterated.
Seeds small, numerous, about eight in each cell, attached to the linear,
fleshy, axile placenta, by means of very short funicles; oval, flatten-
ed, pale brown, smooth and polished, obtuse, somewhat acute at the
umbilical end. Infeguments two, the outer one crustaceous ; the inner
one exceedingly thin and membranous.—Perisperm conform to the
seed, fleshy. Lmbryo minute, cylindric, centripetal.

Obs. My friend Dr. Govan remarks with great propriety that this
is a most beautiful shrub when in blossom, from the contrast of the
deep green of its stem and leaves with the purple colour of the
large bractes and the berries.—It comes nearest to Hamellia, from
which it differs in habit, m the unequal calyx, and the infundibuli-
form corolla, with gibbous base and obscurely unequal border; in
these respect as also by its connate bractes and persistent gemmace-
ous scales it approaches to Caprifolium.

UROPHYLLUM. Wail.

Calyx sub-quinquefid. Corolla infundibuliform, five-parted, with
villous throat. Stzgma five-lobed. Berry undemeath, globular,
five-celled, many-seeded.—Jack’s Mss.

The station of this genus, in the artificial as well as the natural
system is the same as that of the preceding. Its habit is that of
middling sized, erect shrub, with opposite, short-petioled leaves,
remarkable on account of their extremely Jong and slender acumen,
(whence the generic name ;) with interpetiolary stipules, and small
axillary crowded flowers. {t consists of two species which were

discovered on the Island of Penang in 1819 by Mr. W. Jack, who

Drophy lium. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 185

has most kindly communicated the following descriptions together

with dried specimens. ,
It undoubtedly comes near to Patima of Aublet, as far as can be

judged from lis imperfect account of it; also to Sabicea of the
same author (Schwenkfeldia, Schreber.) From the latter it differs
chiefly in the form of the corolla,

1. U. villosum, Wall,

Villous. Branches round. Calyr five-cleft.

Native country, Pulo-Penang.

A shrub with round villous branches. Leaves opposite, pettoled,
oblong-lanceolate, about ten inckes long, terminated by a very long
linear acumen ; entire, smooth above, villous beneath. Petiols short.
Stipules iuterpetiolar, longer than the petioles, oblong, acute. Pe-
dunciles axillary, short, supporting a verticillate capitulum of sube
sessile flowers. Bracles numerous, lanceolate, acute ; four longer
oues forming a kind of involucrum beneath each verticil._—Calyxr
svpenor, short, campanulate, five-parted, with one or two smaller
addi.ional lacinia. Cozolla greenish, rather longer than the calyx,
hirsute at the faux ; /imb five-parted ; /acinie ovate, acute, thicken-
ed at the points.— Aestizvation valvate. Slamina five, shorter than
the limb, aud alternating with its lacinie; anthers linear, acute,
emarginate at the hase.—-Style erect, of the length of the stamina,
Stigma thick, five-parted. Ovartum crowned with a white glandular
disc, into which the style is inserted.— Berry ovate, villous, fives
celled, polyspermous; placenta from the inner angle of the cells,»

Jack’s Mss,

Obs, by N. W.

Branches as well as the vessels of the leaves densely cloathed.
with soft hairiness ; marked with vestiges of the fallen stipules,—
Leaves spreading; their base rounded or obscurely retuse ; acumen
two inches long ; shining above ; the under side with approximate pa-
rallel nerves and reticulate veing; their petiol thick, rounded, scarce-

=a

186 | PENTANDRIA MONOGYHIA. Urophyllum.

ly one-third of an inch long, together with the elevated rib very vil-
lous—Stipules very deciduous. Calyx villous on both sides.—
Corolla divided almost to the bottom into five petal-like segments.
— Filaments inserted round the base of the fleshy disc of the ova-
rlum, clavate and somewhat thicker at the apex ; anthers bilocu-
Jar, apiculate.—Ovarium minute, five-celled, many-seeded. Style
cylindric, bifid? stigmas simple ?— Berry almost globular, of the size
of a good pea ; vertex crowned with the persistent calycine laciniz,
and bearing in the centre the elevated vestige of the nectarial disc. —
Dissepiments very thin. Seeds extremely numerous and small, of a_
deep purple colour, shining, globular, elegantly marked with minute
pentagonal pores as in Pomatium, Gaert. carp. suppl. 252. t. 295.
Integument crustaceous.

2. U. glabrum, Wall.

Smooth. Branches tetragonal. Calyx sub-entire.

Native place, Pulo-Penang.

Malay. Loda-Utan.

This species closely resembles the preceding, but is altogether
more slender and smooth.— Branches four-sided, somewhat dicho-
tomous.— Leaves opposite, on short petiols, oblong-elliptic, or
Janceolate, about six inches in length, terminating in a linear acumen
not so long asin U. villosum ; joe on both sides. Stzpules long,
Ninear, villous. Capitula axillary on short peduncles.— Flower pe-
dicelled.— Bractes small, linear, without any appearance of an in-
volucrum. - Calyx forming an almost entire margin above the ova-
rium which is crowned with a glandular disc.
smooth.—Jack’s Mss.

Obs. The leaves of this species are sub- acute, at the base; their
veins are more finely reticulate than in the preceding. Pei veles
slightly hairy, longer than in that species,

Berries globose,

Nonatelia. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 187

NONATELIA. Aubl.

Calyx short, five-toothed. Corolla infundibuliform, with a five-
parted, spreading border. Sfamina attached to the middle of the

tube, mostly included. Berry underneath, globular, five-celled, five
seeded, Seeds hard.

]. N.? hispida, Wall.

Leaves obloug, acuminate, with oblique base, hairy underneath.
Flowers sessile, axillary, sub-verticillate, with hispid bractes.

Native of Szlhet from whence I received specimens in 1815,
Time of flowering the hot season.

A shrub with round, smooth, pallid branches, a little compressed at
the insertion of the petiols.— Leaves opposite, spreading, sub-sessile,
longer than their interstices, oblong, finely acuminate, entire, rather
broader toward the outer end, base unequal, the one side rounded-sub-
retuse, the other narrow and acute, from four to six inches long, cori-
aceous, smooth above, roughish underneath, which is occasioned by
short scattered hairs; with sub-opposite elevated nerves, and trans-
versely reticulate veins; while young thickly covered with bristly articu-
late hairs, as are also the stipules and bractes.— Petiols exceedingly
short, hairy, fattish above.— Sézpules interpetiolary, adpressed, linear-
lanceolate, with a broadish base, three or four lines long, hispid.—
Flowers axillary, sessile, crowded, sub-verticillate, supported by an
invelucram consisting of numerous linear-lanceolate, erect, acute, his-
pid, ciliate, three-nerved braces, which are nearly as long as the co-
rols.—Calyx very small, ovate, five-cleft, hairy ; /acinieé lanceolate,

acuminate, erect, persistent.— Coro/(a infundibuliform, white, hispid ;

tube cylindric, slender, nearly an inch long, a little widening at the

upper end; /imb spreading, deeply divided into five linear-oblong,
bluntish, hairy segments a little shorter than the tube ; throat pervious,
villous.—Stamina included; filaments capillary, inserted above the
middle of the tube ; anthers erect, two-celled, hairy under the throat,

—Ovariumiunderneath, ovate, small, slightly hairy, five-celled, five-
| X2

138 _ PENTANDRIA MONOGY NIA. Schoepfia.

seeded; ovula erect.— Style filiform, smooth. Stigma sub-clavate,
obtuse, five-lobed, lifted up to the height of the stamina. I have
only seen unripe fruits which seem to indicate a small, sub-rotund,
five-celled crowned berry, some of the cells perhaps abortive,

Obs. Not having seen the ripe fruit [am doubtful whether this
shrub in reality belongs to the family under which | have for the } re=
sent placed it; its crowded, axillary, sub-involucred inflorescence
seems to pointat a generc difference. It seems nearly allied to Saz

bicea, from which it differs only in the fruit not having many-seeded
cells.

SCHOEPFIA. Schreb.

Calyx above, entire, very narrow. Corolla infundibuliform, Ova
rium supported by a calyciform bracte. Stigma capitate, three-
lobed. Drupe with a one- or three-celled putamen. Seeds solitary.

1.8. fragrans, Wail.

Leaves lanceolate, acuminate. Racemes axillary, solitary. Ova-
rium three-celled. Drupe ovate, one-seeded,

{ have found this tree in various parts of Nipal, in less elevated si-
tuations, from Becheako, as far as the valley, where it is rather com=
mon. bt has also been brought to me from more northerly situations.
It blossoms during the rainy season, and ripens its fruit from Decem-
ber to March.

Parbuteeya, Haloomaphe.

A small tree with an iregular trunk, measuring four or five i i=
ches m diameter, covered with thick, spungy, soft, rugose bark,
which 1s of a yellowish white colour ; the wood is light ash-colour-
ed.— Branches slightly flexuose, round, almust white, like all the
other parts perfectly smooth, marked with numerous alternating
many-scaled small buds.—Leaves scattered, several times longer
toan their interstices, lanceolate, entire, acuminate, base acute,
sides a little unequal, from two to three inches long, somewhat

Schoepjia. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 189

fleshy and fragile, veinless, shining, dark green above, turning yel-
lowish by age, paler underneath, with a few obscure, oblique, capilla-
ry nerves which are slightly reticulate under the margins.—-Petiols
about three lines lony, furrowed above, jointed at the base and fale
lng of immediately on being dried.—Stipules none.—Llowers
yellow, exquisitely fragrant, even after being dried, disposed in azil.
lary, simple, solitary, sub-ses:ile racemes, which are about half the
length of the leaves.— Peduncle and rachis slender, rounded naked,
except at the base, where tie former is surrounded by a few bud-
scales, which sometimes adscend alittle above it, and in that case ap-=
pear like small, sub-pedicellate, ovate, thick, gibbous bractes. Pedz-
cels six or seven, filiforin, half an inch long, sub-clavate. Calyx dou-
ble, according to authors ; each of them small, one-leafed : one under-
neath, which I call a calyciform bracte, terminating the pedicel and
immediately stipporting the ovary, divided into two or three unequal,
ovate, membrane-margined, acute segments ; the Jargest of which 1s
sometimes two- or three-toothed ; the other (true calyx) above, crown-
ing the ovary in the shape of an exceedingly marrow, entire margin.
~—Cofolla somewhat fleshy, infundibuliform; tube cylindric, nearly
half an inch long, with a sub-pentagonal basis ; the apex widening
iuto a fiveecleft border, whose laciniz are laticeolate, acute, scarcely
unequal ; throat open, marked under the base of each laciniz with a
small fascicle of erect succulent hairs, which conceal the filament.
Aestivation valvate.— Filaments exceedingly short, erect, inserted
immediately under the above-mentioned fascicle of hairs opposite
the laciniz, and from thence decurrent in the shape of capillary
lines; anthers ovate, erect, bilocular, situated in the throat of the
corolla.—Ovarium fleshy, oblong, considerably longer than either
of the calyces, measuring about three lines, three-celled, threes
seeded : ovu/a cylindric, pendulous from the apex of the axis, shorte
er than the cells; its vertex is covered by a fleshy, conical, obtuse
disc, which is prominent within the superior calyx..— Style filiform,
as long as the tube. Stigma clavate, fleshy, three-lobed.—_Drupe
baccate, oblong, obtuse, smooth, pale-yellow, almost white, about
the size of a very small olive, supported by the inferior, persistent

190 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Schoepfia.

€alyx, its vertex is convex and surrounded by vestiges of the in-

sertion of the corolla and of the superior calyx, which latter is now
reduced to a very obscure margin. Flesh soft, about a line in dia-
meter. Putamen thin, chartaceous, resembling the drupe in figure,
white, veined, with a number of parallel, longitudinal, elevated,
anostomosing lines, one-celled, one-seeded; its vertex slightly umbilt.
cated and adhering more firmly to the flesh.— Perésperm amygdaline,
white, conform to the putamen, its surface slightly rugose, covered
by a simple, thin, ferruginous, spungy membrane, on the surface
of which, at the upper end of the seed, the two linear abortive.
ovula are discoverable, and also a vestige of the axis of the ova-
rium to which they are aitached. mbryo :ninute, milk-white, cy-
lindric, straight, situated at the vertex of the perisperm, inverted.

Cotyledons parallel, lanceolate, obtuse, convex at the back, constitut-
ing one-half of the embryo. Radicula above, sub-turbinate, its
apex about half a line from the surface of the perisperm. Plumula

inconspicuous.

Obs. Mons. de Jussieu bas justly observed in an excellent me-
moite chiefly on the Caprifoliacee and Loranthee, inserted in Annal.
du muséumd’ histoire naturelle, xii. 300, that this genus'is the
connecting link between those families, belonging however, more
properly to Loranthee@. 1 would add thatit is nearly allied to Santa-
lacee of Mr. Brown. The account which the first mentioned immor-
tal botanist has given of the fruit, taken from the manuscript of the
accurate Richard, as far as it goes, agrees exactly with the present
species. The difference of the structure of the ovarium and the
fruit has however not been noticed ; and as Schreber describes the
genus as having a three-celled berry with several seeds, the number
of abortive ovula may perhaps vary. In my tree there are Invaria-
bly found three ovula, one of which only comes to maturity, the other
two abortive ones remaining attached to the upper end of the cavity
of the putamen, as does also the axis of the ovarium, in the shape of
withered, flattened threads.—Haenkea, Ruiz et Pavon flor. peruv.
(haud prodr.) belongs probably to this genus, as has been remarked
by Schultes in syst, veg. v. vilii—The fruit bears some resemblance

Leptodermis. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 191

to Rhysospermum, Gaert. carp. suppl. 232, t. 224, which is Me same
as Notelaea, Vent. according to Mr. Brown, prodr. nov. holl. 1.523.
—The perfume of the flowers is of a most delightful kind, aud may
be perceived on steeping them in warm water even long after they

have been dried.

LEPTODERMIS, Wail.

Calyx above. Corolla infundibuliform. Stamina short, under the
throat.—Ovarium within a tubular, two-lobed, calyx-like bracte,
five-celled, with solitary, erect ovula. Stigma five-lobed. Capsule
five-celled ? five-valved ? seeds solitary?

Its place in the Linnean system 1s Pentandria monogynia, in the
section with superior flowers and five-celled capsules. In the natural
arrangement it belongs to Rubiacee; but its nearest affinities are
doubtful as yet in consequence of the fruit not being well known.
Jtis a slender shrub with opposite branches and leaves, and ternate,
terminal, sessile flowers.

T. L. lanceolata, Wall.

Native of vayious mountains of Nipal, viz. Sheopore, Ekdunta and
others, though it is among the Jess common plants. I have also had
it from more northerly parts. ‘Time of blossoming May and June.

A spreading ramous shrub, from three to four feet high.— Branches
opposite, sub-decussate, long and slender, obscurely quadrangular,
somewhat broader at their divisions and at the insertion of the leaves,
covered with ash-coloured, separating, and at length fibrous bark ;
while young pubescent.— Leaves opposite, sub-decussate, spreading,
rather approximate on the branchlets, lanceolate, attenuato-acute, en-.
lire, short-petioled, membranous, from one to two inches long; base
acute ; both sides, as also the margins, beset with short, whitish, suc-
culent hairs; the under surface with oblique nerves and reticulate
veins.— Petio/s villous, scarcely two lines long.— Stipules interfolia-
ceous, adpressed, persistent, equalling the petiols in length, broad,
triangular, acute, villous.— Flowers white, inodorous, sessile, ternate,

192 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Coffea.

terminal on the branchlets, forming a crowded inflorescence at the
end of the larger branches; each facicle 1s disposed im a rec-
tilinear series.—Calyx appears double, as ts the case im the preced-
ing genus; one inferior (properly speaking a cadyciform bracte) con-
sisting of a tubular, thin, greyish, smooth, withering membrane (from
whence the generic name is deriyed) embracing locsely the ovarium
and the lower part of the flower, the tube is a little ventricose, the
upper end divided into two erect, ovate, ciliate, parallel lobes,
each terminated by a short, decurrent cuspis. "Phe inuer or true calyx
is above, concealed within the former, and considerably shorter than
that, persistent, five lobed, reddish ; lobes rounded, adpressed to the
tube of the corolla, ciliate.—Corolla imfundibuliform, slightly sca-
brous on the outside {rom a niultitude of minute papillule. Tube
cylindric, about half an inch long, hairy within, the apex gently wid-
ening into the five-cleft, spreading border; lacini@ ovate, cuspidate,
shorter than the tube, with broadish margins, which at the time of
aestivation are anvolute-valvate.— Lilgmenis exceedingly short, insert.
ed immediately below the fissures, alternating with the lacinix;

anihers longish, erect, elevated a little above the pervious throat, at-
tached to the filaments by their back, bilocular, whitish —Ovcarium,
oblong, smooth, fleshy; at the upper part it is five-celled, each cell

containing an erect, cuneate ovulum. Séyle capillary, as long as the
tube. Siigma divided into five subulate, longish, diverging, pubescent

Iobes.—I have only had an opportunity of observing the old and de-

cayed fruit which appeared to have been an oblong, or cylindric, smooth.
capsule, about half an inch long, divided down to the base into five

linear, flat valves, each valve bearing at the apex the corresponding,
unaltered lobe of the calyx; there was no vestige of any separate
cells, 2 few withered seeds were attached to the bottom of the cavity.

COFFEA. Scareb. Gen. N. 314.

Corol funnel-shaped. Germ two-celled, one-seeded, attachment
of the ovula interior. Berry inferior, two-celied, one-seeded. Seeds.
arilled. Lmbryo erect, and furnished with a perisperm.

Coffea. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 193

1. C. tetrandra, R.

Shrubby. Leaves broad-lanceolar, acute, lucid. Stipales bifid.
Peduncies axillary and terminal, several together, long, slender, one«
flowered. Flowers tetrandrous. Corel with long, slender tube and
border

Beng. Chilmaree,

An ereet, slender, ramous shrub, a native of Silhet, Chittagong,
and the whole east border of Bengal, where it flowers in May, and
the seeds ripen in October and November.

Branchlets opposite, round, smooth, and slender.— Leaves oppo-
site, short-petioled, broad-lanceolar, entire, acuminate, smooth, and
glossy on both sides; from four to five inches long, and scarcely
two, broad.— Stipules generally bifid ; segments subulate.—Peduncles.
terminal and axillary, several together, long, slender, straight, one-
flowered.—Calyr four- or five-toothed.—Tube of the corol long,
slender, somewhat clavate, smooth; segments of the border four
or five, length of the tube, ensiform, spreading.— Filaments scarcely
any. Anthers four or five, linear, inserted within the tube, their
apices even with its mouth.—Germ inferior, turbinate, two-celled,
with one ovule in each cell, attached to the middle of the partition.
Styletwo-cleft. Stigmas simple. Berry inferior, reund, size of a
small cherry, smooth, when ripe blackish purple, and with but a
small portion of pulp, oue- or two-celled, generally one-celled, the:
other cell being abortive, and then the berry hasan oblique direction.
—Seeds solitary, when the berry is two-celled nearly round ; when
one-celled, flat on one-side ayl convex on the other, iv which case
there is adeep round cavity on the flat side.— Perisperm conform to

the seed, horny — Embryo erect, very small, and lodged in an oblique

direction in the middle of the convex side of the perisperm, with

the two reniform cotyledons pointing up and in, the oblong radicle
out and down,

2. C. arabica, Willd. spec. i. 973.

Leaves oblong, ovate, acuminate. Flowers axillary, crowdede,
Stamina without the tube of the quinquifid corol.
Y

_————_>

!

194 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Coffea |

Coffee, Fothergill’s Works, il. p. 279. t.3.

A native of Arabia, and now common in both Indies. In Bengal
it blossoms in March, and the berries ripen in December.

In the West Indies Coffee plants are said to produce on an average
from six to sixteen ounces of clear coffee annually. Fothergill’s
Works, ii: p. 323. At St. Domingo they calculate on one pound
per plant. At Jamaica one pound and a half, and at Terra-Firma
two pounds, where the plants stand in quincunx, at from four to
eight feet according to the richness of the soil, English translation
of Depon’s Travels in South America, i. 434, 1809-10. ‘Two mid--
diing plants at the age of six or seven years produced in the botanic
garden in. one year or crop, seven pounds of the dry berries which
gave three pounds o/ clean coffee, equa! to the Jamaica produce,

3. C. bengalensis, R#*

Shrubby. Leaves opposite, oblong. Flowers axillary. Segments
of the corol oblong. \ filaments none. Anthers long and within the
tube. Th

‘This is evidently distinct from C. arabica. Is found indigenous.
amongst the mountains of the north-east frontier, chiefly about
Szlhet, and from thence brought many years ago to Calcutta where
it was for some time much cultivated under the idea of its being the
real coffee of Arabia, It is now neglected, being of an mferior
quality, and not productive; however the mumber and beauty of its
flowers entitles it to a conspicuous place in the flower garden,
Flowering time the beginning of the het season.

Roof vamous.— Trunk shert, and clethed with innumerable, ho-«
_xizonta), opposite branches and branchtets, to the surface of the
earth, forming in our gardens, a pyramidical bush of from four to
six feet in height.—Leaves opposite, sub-sessile, from ovate to ob-
long ; smooth on both sides, obtuse, pointed as in C. arabica (both
are now before me just taken from the plants,) here are also pores

® C. benghalensis Heyne et Willd. ; Syst. Veg.v. 200.—N. W.
+ It is indigenous in every part of Bengal. Ed.—My people brought it tome
from Noakote in Nipal, blossoming in May.—N. W.

Coffea. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 195

in the axils of the nerves on the under side.—Stipules within, subus
Jate.—. Flowers in the axils of the leaves, and of the young shoots,
sub-sessile, pure white, generally from one to three, though somes
times more, Margin of the calyx crowned with an undetermined
number ef minute poits.—Corol contorted; divisions of the border
oblique, oval— Filaments none. Anthers long, linear, within the
tube, with their incurved apices just above its mouth.— Germ tur-
binate. Siyle not quite half the length of the tube. Stigma twow
cleft ; divisions nearly as long as the style. Berry two-seeded, size
of a small cherry, when ripe black,

4, C. pedunculata, R,
Shrubby. Leaves elliptic, sub-sessile, smooth, and entire. Pe-
duncles terminal, and axillary, many together, long, one-flowered,

Stamina within the slender, smooth tube of the corol.
A native of the Moluccas.

5. C. angustifolia, R.

Leaves lanceolate, entire, firm, and polished. Panicles axillary,
mouth of the corol hairy; segments of the border linear, longer than
the tube, and about as long as the filiform, exsert anthers.

A native of Pigeon Island, one of the Malay archipelago.

Addition by N. W.

6. C. semi-exserta, Colebr.

Leaves obloug-lanceolate, acuminate. Eowers crowded in termi-
nal corymbs.

A native of Silhet.

Obs. 1 know nothing of this species exceptfrom an elegant draw-
ing made under the direction of my most esteemed friend and pa-
tron H. T. Colebrooke, Esq. and attached to the collection of the
botanic garden of Calcutta. Ithas the appearance of an Ixora;

the berries are purple of the size of a lange pea.
¥2

196 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Morinda.

MORINDA. Schreb. Gen. N. 317.

Flowers aggregate. Calyx superior, five-toothed. Coro] funnel«
shaped. Germ frem two to four-celled ; cel/s one or two-seeded,

attachment interior. Stigma two-cleft. Berries aggregate. Embryo
erect, and furnished with a persperme

1. M. citrifolia,. Willd.1. Spec. 992.—-Gait. carp. i. 144. t. 29.*

Arboreous, with a straight trunk. Leaves oblong, lucid. Pedun-
cles on the upper side-of the branchlets, solitary, opposite to every
other solitary leaf, with a pair between. Anthers half bid in the
mouth of the tube. Fruit ovate, glossy, white.

‘Cada-pilava, Rheed. mal. 1. 97. t. 52. (good.)

. Banducus latifolia, Rumph. amb. iii. 158. t. 99.

An elegant small tree, with straight trunk, and numerous, decus-
sated, assurgent branches, a position they generally take from the
weight of the fruit, and constant exuberant foliage. From Pegu it
has been introduced into the Botanic Garden at Calcutta, where it
‘is im constant fruit, and flower the whole year. It does not appear
‘to be a native of Bengal nor did £ ever meet with it on the coast of
Coromandel; but the species which I formerly considered as cifri-
folia is common in both countries, and the description and drawings
thereof were sent to the honorable the court of directors. That
species, which however is quite distinct, [now call ¢zncéoria, as it is
the sort most in use for dying.

Bark of young trees, or their trunk, light ash-coloured and smooth;
yyoung shoots somewhat four-cornered, smooth and lucid.— Leaves
opposite to each other, or to a peduncle, short-petioled, from oblong
to oval, lucid, entire, rather cbtuse; from five to ten inches long, and
from three to five broad.— Stipules large, semilunar, entire, smooth.
Peduncles solitary, opposite to a solitary leaf on the upper side of the
‘branchlets, erect, short, cylindric, smooth, each supporting a small
ageregate head of small white flowers.— Calyx an entire margin

* TLonreir. cochinch. i. 174.—N. W.

Morinda. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNZA, 499

round the apex of the germ.—Corol funnel-shaped; mouth of the
tube hairy. Border five-parted, segments lanceolate, acute.— L’i/a-
menis five, woolly, inserted into the tube of the corol, a little above
its middle... Anthers linear, erect, half hid in the tube.—Germs firm-
ly united, single, two-celled, each cell containing two ovula, attached
to opposite ends of the~ wings of the large, thick, fleshy partition,
Style length of the tube of the corol. Stzgma two-cleft.—Berries
compound, size of a pullet’s egg or even longer, obtuse, when ripe
pale white, pelished, and succulent, as described and figured by
Gaertner.

Obs. Its roots are employed by the natives like those of several
other species to dye red.

2. M. itinctoria, R.*

Leaves oblong, sub-sessile, opposite to each other, or to the soe
litary one-flowered peduncles. Stamina enclosed ; stigma exsert.

Sung. FAA, Uchyoota.

Hind. and Beng. Asch ; see Asiat Res. iv. 35—44.

Teling. Tagar oo,

This small tree [ have found pretty common in every part of In-
dia, where I have been. It is in flower and fruit most part, if not
the whole year.

Trunk seldom straight, and only a few feet in height, but support
ing a pretty large, ramous, shady head. Bark covered with an
ash-coloured, deeply-cracked, corky crust.— Leaves opposite, except
where there is a peduncle, in that case, solitary, the peduncle oc-
cupying the place of the other leaf, short-petioled, oblong, entire,
smooth on both sides, but not lucid like citrifolia, pale underneath,
from six to ten inches long.—Siéipules within the leaves, as in the
other Rubiacee.—Peduncles \eaf-opposite, expanding, about an
inch Jong, supporting an oval head of aggregate, pure white, Jas-
mine-like, fragrant flowers.—Calyr as in the genus. The com-

* Thisis perhaps the plant to which Sir J. E. Smith alludes in Rees’s Cycdop,
in lOco, as having heen sent to him by Dr, Roxburgh for M, cifrifolia.—N. W.

198 _ YENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Morinda.

pound fruit is well described by Gaertner in his description and
figures of M. cztrifolia.

Obs. The bark of the roots is used to dye red, the colour is
fixed with alum, but it is neither bright nor durable. In some parts
of India it is cultivated for the sake of the roots; see Asiat. Res. iv.
In the Circars the dyers use the bark of the fresh roots bruised and
gently boiled in water for a short time, the cloth or yarn is prepared
in a cold infusion of the powdered galls of Terminalia Chebula, m
milk and water, it is then dried and moistened with alum water, and
again dried, and receives from the above decocticn, a pretty bright,
but fugitive red.

The green fruits are picked by the Hindoos, and eaten with their
curries. ‘The wood is hard and very durable, variegated with red and
white, it is employed for Gun-stocks in preference to all other kinds.

3. M. bracteata, R.

Arboreous, straight. Leaves opposite to each other or to a pe-

duncle, oblong, polished. | Anthers within the woolly mouth of the
tube. Stigma exsert. Heads bracted.

Bancadus angustifolia, Rumph. umb. iii. p. 157. #. 98. has the

process of the calyx of my plant, but I cannot say they agree in other
respects.

Is a native of the Ganjam district from thence Mr. Snodgrass
sent the seeds to the Botanic Gardea at Calcutta, where the tree
thrives well, and is in blossom during the hot and rainy seasons.

Trunk straight. Branches opposite, decussate, smooth.— Leaves
opposite to each other or to a peduncle, short-petioled, oblong, acute,
smooth, polished, deep green on both sides, margins entiré, length
from six to twelve inches.— Stipules large, with semicircular apices.
-—Peduncles solitary, and always opposite to a leaf, round, smooth,
from one to two inches long, supporting a single, small head, of
small ‘pure white flowers. In écnctoria and exserta the pedunele is
often in the axil of a small leaf, which stands opposed to the large

one.—Calyx, Perianth proper a tumid margin round the erown

Morinda. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 199

of the germ, frequently a small portion thereof grows to be a long
linear-lanceolate, permauent leaflet.—Coro/ funnel-shaped ; mouth
of the tube very woolly.—Lilaments short. Anthers linear, lodged
amongst the wool, but entirely within the mouth of the tube.—
Stigma two-cleft, and elevated above the mouth of the tube.—
Berry ageregate, size varying from that ofa crabeapple, to that of a
small nutmeg, single berries several, obovate, size of a pea with
around eye on the apex.— Nut or seeds four, the shell or cover
uniformly convex on the out side, and on the inside concave, with
an elevated convexity near the top which covers a void cell, the
fertile cell occupies the whole length, and riearly the whole breadth
of the nut, (for so I may call the hard, smooth, brown integument
of which it is formed,) but is much compressed.

Obs. I have not learned that the root of this species is used in
dying, but haye no doubt of its possessing qualities similar to the
roots of all the other species of the genus that [have yet met with

4. M. ezserta, R.

Arboreous. Leaves opposite to each other or to a peduncle,
ovate, pointed. Stamens above the tube. Stigma rather within.

Beng. Bun-autch, or Bun-aal.

A tree of rather small stature; a native of Bengal. Flowering
time the hot and rainy season ; seed ripe in about twelve or thirteen
months afterwards.

Trunk from six to twelve feet hizh, often variously bent, and cover.
ed with deep cracked, spongy, ash-coloured bark. Branches spread-
‘ing in every direction; branchlets opposite, smooth: young shoots
somewhat four-sided, in some plants smooth, in others villous.—
Leaves opposite, short-petioled, oval, or ventricose-oval, pointed,
margins entire, but waved; in some plants smooth, of a deep shining
steen on both sides ; in others downy, from four to six inches long,
and from three to four broad.— Stipules interfoliaceous, entire, emar-
ginate or bifid—Peduncles generally solitary, though sometimes there
are two together, leaf-opposed, or in the axil of a small leaf, opposed
to one of the usual size, round, smooth, about an inch long, eaca

09 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Morinda.

supporting a round aggregate head of many pure white, jasmine-like
flowers. In very luxuriant young plants | have found the peduncles
two- or even three-cleft, with a head of flowers on each division,—
Calyx scarcely any.—Coro/ funnel-shaped. Border of five, equal,
lanceolate, fleshy, expanding divisions.— Filaments inserted on the
mouth of the tube, in the division of its margin; erect. Aunthers
linear. Germ beneath, fourecelled, with one ovule. Style length of
the tube of the corol. Stigma even with its mouth and two-cleft—
Berry (rather drupe) aggregate, oval.—Seeds or nut regularly four
and distinct to each proper berry, forming a squase, inserted pyra- -

mid, each one-seeded. Here the abortive cell is scarcely visible.

Obs. This species is immediately known by its exsert stamens, half-

concealed stigma, and broad-pointed leaves. In all the other species

figured and described by me, viz. citrifolia, tinctoria, bracteata, mul-

tiflora, and angustiflora the stamens are enclosed, and the style
exserted.

5. M: multifiora, R.

Sub-arboreous. Leaves opposite, oblong-ventricose, downy. Pe
duncles terminal and leaf-opposed, compound. Anthers within;
stigma exert.

Aal the vernacular name at Nagpore.

A native of Berar, From Nagpore the seed was sent by Mr.

Colebrooke, Resident at the Court of Rughoojee Bunsla, to the

Botauic Garden at Calcutta in 1801. By the close of the same

year the plants were in blossom, and in one year more they have
grown to large ramous shrubs, and now in eight years they are small
trees and in constant flower; I may farther remark that notwith-
standing all the other four species of Morinda already described and
figured by me, grow to be small trees, they generally blossom the
first year of their growth if the soil is good and the plants taken |
good care of.

Leaves very short-petioled, opposite, or opposite to a peduncle,
dyal, tapering at each end, acute, margins waved; downy on both
sides, particularly underneath ; from four to six inches long, and from

Morinda. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 201

two to three broad.— Stipules interfoliaceous.— Peduncles variously
disposed, viz, axillary, opposite to a leaf, and terminal, ove or more
from the same place, and often compound; round, villous, from two
to four inches long.—-Heads sub-globular, many-flowered.—Recep-
tacles, calyx and coro/ as in the genus. Filaments short. Anthers
linear, their apices even with the mouth of the tube of the corol.—
Stigma two-cleft, and extended considerably beyond the anthers.—
Berry, rather drupe, aggregate, ovate-oblong ; surface very unequal,
size of a large mulberry.—Seeds or nuts regularly four to each proe
per berry or drupe of the compound fruit, obliquely wedge-shaped ;
three-celled, two of them empty, the third with a single seed, as
accurately described and figured by Gaertner in Morinda citrifolia.

Obs. The plant is cultivated about Nagpore as the other species
are in various other parts of India, and for the same purpose (see

Asiat. Res. iv. 35—44.)

6. M. angustifolia, R.

Shrubby, erect. Leaves opposite to each other or to a peduncle,
Janceolar, bullate. Heads solitary. Flowers numerous. Anthers
concealed deep within the tube ; stigma exsert. Berries distinct, on
a glomerate receptacle, succulent, four-seeded.

An erect, thinly branched shrub, was found at Chittagong by Dr.
Buchanan, and from thence sent to the Botanic Garden at Calcutta
in 1798, where it blossoms in March, and the seeds ripen in May.

Trunk straight, with a few erect branches. Bark light ash-colour-
ed; height of the whole plant about four or five feet,— Leaves op-
posite, or single when a peduncle occupies the place of the other,
sub-sessile, recurved, lanceolate, bullate, smooth, entire, about six
inches long and less than two wide. Stipules opposite, sub-cordate,
interfoliaceous, united into.a ring and remaining long after their
respective leaves drop. Peduncles solitary, short, seemingly termt-
nal when they begin to blossom, but soon after the branchlet shoots

ont from between each peduncle and its respective opposite leaf
Zz

203 ‘PENTANDRIA_MONOGYNIA, Morinda.

which marks their proper situation to be oppositifolius.— Heads so-
litary, globular, many, viz. from fifty- to a hundred-flowered.— f low.
ers pure white, in size aud shape like those of the common Jasmine.
Calyx nee an almosr entire, mareinal ring round the base Of the
tube of the corol.— Cured fuanel-shaped:— Filaments short, inserted
rather below the middle of the tube of the corol. Anthers linear, hid
In the middle of the tube,— Stignia exsert, two-lobed, Lervaied in
geueral distinct, but a small proportion of them on! ly comes to per-

fection, sessi'e, the size of a large pea, succulent , deep shining black, .

with very dark-coloured pulp.—Seeds four; each tw o-celled, with

the iuimer cell large and empty,
Obs. The root of this shrub is also used in dying by the natives

of India where the plant is in plenty.

7. M. scandens, R.*

Shrubby, scandent; /eaves oblong, lanceolate. Umbells terminal,
simple, berries round, three or six-seeded. .

A stout scandent shrub of several fathoms in extent, found com-
mon in the hills which form the east side of pomt de Galle Bay or
harbour. In flower and fruit. in March, (1613.)

The following descriptions of two interesting new species dis-

- covered by my late, much lamented friend Mr. W. Jack, are added

from the Malayan Miscellanies, vol. i.i—N. W.

* This plant was discovered by Dr. Roxburgh on his last voyage to England, and the
accompanying short description was sent to me from Ceylon. Ed,

+ 1 was in hopes of meeting again with this most indefatigable and zealous Naturalist
at Singapore last year, when I was obliged to visit that island on account of a severe fever
which | had contracted on my way down to the plains from Nipal. But it was otherwise
ordained ; and I have now to claim the sympathy of the reader while I induige a moment
in rendering a feeble tribute of respect and friendship to his memory, leaving it to the pen
of Sir Stamford Raffles, the revered jriexd and patron of us both, to do it far ampler jus-
tice.—During Mr. Jack’s short and unostentatious, but highly useful and meritorious

oareer, his comprehensive mind extended to every branch, almost, of moral and physical
science,

Morinda, PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 203

8. M. telrandra, W. J.

Tetrandrous. Peduncées terminal, umbellate. » Corods four-cleft,
hairy within. Leaves lanceolate.

Pada-Vara, Rheed. mal. vil. 51. t. 27.

Native of the Malay Islands.

Mangkudu Kicheel, Malay.

A small diffuse shrub, with long slender branches, nodose at
the bifurcations. Leaves opposite, short-petioled, lanceolate, acue
minate, very entire, very smooth, the merves reddish below, and fur-
nished with ciliated glands in the axils.— Si¢pules_ interpetiolar, tran-
cate.—Peduncles from five to ten, umbellate, terminal— Flowers
aggregate on a common receptacle. Cafyr, an entire margin
crowning the ovary. Corolla mifundibuliform, four-parted, the lacie
nize densely covered within with long white hairs..—Stemina four,
sliorter than the corolla, and alternating with its divisions ; jitaments
very short; anthers oblong, Ovary inferior, two-celled, four-seeded.
Stigma bifid, Fruit sub-globose, yellow, composed of coadunate
berries, angular by their mutual compression, crowned with the
vestige of the calyx, four-seeded ; seeds osseous, Hy

Obs. Rhecde describes his Pada-Vara to be fourteen feet in
height; this is the only particular in which it differs from my plant,
In every other respect they agree exactly.—W. Jack, loc. cit.

Additional Obs. by N. MT.

“Rheede’s plant has been considered: by Juscieu as a species of
this genus, in Mem, du mus. vi. 402. - In Schultes’s edition of syst,
veg. v. 216 the species is called M. Pada Vara; im Dennstedt’s
key to the Hortus malabaricus it is referred to M. umbellata.—
Can M. Royoc, Linn, Lour. cochinch, be this species?

science, with a degree of success, which the world has ample opportunities of appreciating,
from his numerous valuable contributions to the common stock of information, both print.
edand in manuscript. To his family and friends the loss of such 2 manis indeed irreparable
nor ean it be replaced to the public, but by an equally fortunate combination of first rate ta-
leuts, with the utmost suayity of temper and urbanity gf manners—N, W,

22 \

3

»

204 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Loranthus.

9. M. polysperma, W. J.

‘Tetrandrous, Peduncles axillary and terminal. Corols four-cleft,
hairy within, Leaves ovate, acuminate. Berries two-celled, many-
seeded.

Found in the Island of Singapore.

A shrub, with short, sub-dichotomous, flexuose branches. Leaves
opposite, petiolate, ovate, acuminate, obtuse at the base, very smooth,
coriaceous, flat, about three inches long. Stipules short, interpetio~
Jar. Peduncles axillary and terminal; axillary ones opposite ; -
terminal ones from one to four ina kind of umbel. Capitula few-
flowered. Calyx, an entire margin. Corolla infundibuliform, four-
parted, densely covered within with white hairs. Stamina four,
shorter than the corolla; ficaments short ; anthers linear, style erects
Stigma bifid. Berries coadunate, two-celled, many-seeded! Seeds
humerous, angular.

Obs. The flowers of this species are perfectly similar to those of
the preceding, but the fruit presents a singular anomaly in being
polyspermous, Both differ so much from the other species of

Morinda that I think they might properly constitute a new and dis-
tinct genus.-—W, Jack, I. cit.

Note by N. W.

T have met with this singular species in abundance near the sea-
shore, some miles from the town of Singapore. Itisa large climber,
running over shrubs and even small trees; its brauches are somes

times radicant.

LORANTHUS,* Schreb. Gen. 600.

Calyx uncertain. Coro! generally one-petalled, and often irregu-
lar. Germ inferior, one-ceiled, one-seeded, attachment superior.
Berry one-seeded. Embryo inverse, and furnished with a perisperm.

* This Genus is usually placed in Hexandria monogynia, but as Dr. Roxburgh in the last
eopy he made of the Flora Indica, before he left this country, removed it to Pentandria, it
is printed where he then placed it. Ed,

he

Loranthus. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 205

1. L. bicolor, Roxb. Corom. ii. 19. tab. 139.
Leaves opposite; oblong, smooth. Racemes axillary. Corols

irregular, five-cleft. Stamens five. Berry oblong.
Sung. qeqt, Vunda,* geqrest, Viikshadunee, gqrapaqy, Viike
shubhuksha, and gqawt, Vrikshurooha.

Hind. and Beng. Bura-manda.
Yellinga-wadinika of the Telingas; (wadinika means parasitical.)
Is always found growing upon the branches of various kinds of

trees, and is very ramous. Flowers during the greatest part of the

year, and is highly ornamental.+

Trunk scarcely any. Branches numerous, ascending, woody;
bark grey.— Leaves nearly opposite, sessile, or very short-petioled, from}
oval to linear-lanceolate, waved, entire, reclined, veins scarcely any ;
from three to five inches long, and from half an inch to an inch and
half broad. Racemes axillary, single, simple, sub-erect, many-flow-
ered,— Flowers in size and appearance very much like those of the
honey suckle. Bractes, a small, concave, cordate one, pressing on the
base of the germs on one side.—Calyz, there is no other perianth
of the fruit than the above-menuoned bracte; that of the flower is
cup-shaped, eatire, permanent.—Coro/ one-petalled. Tube long, a
little curved, swelling from the bottom to within a third of the
mouth, then contracting a little; border five-parted, upper fissures
much the deepest; segments linear, reflexed towards one side.— F2-
laments five, from the base of the segments of the corol, short. An-
thers linear.—Germ inferior, naked. Style length of the corol. Stig-
ma clubbed. Berry inferior, crowned with the remaining calyx,
oblong, smooth, pulpy, one-celled.—Seeds single.

Obs. This is a handsome looking parasite, bearing a great num-

ber.of very beautiful flowers; its foliage also looks very well. All

Beco Sir William Jones thought Vunda to be the general term for all parasiticplants. It
1s probable that all the names here cited are so. Ed,

t+ It is one of the most common plants in Bengal, where it is chiefly found growing on
mangoe trees, frequently in such abundance as to disfigure them, and to be with difficulty
rooted out. At Silhet it is called Pat-reem and is in great repute as a remedy against vee
Bereal complaints.—N. W,

206 PENTANDBIA MONOGYNIA, Loranthus.

that part of the branch of the tree above where it grows, becomes
sickly and soon perishes. ;

It should be compared with L. dnghh esas It differs from Gaerte
ner’s Lonicera zeylanica im not baving the calyx of the fruit, and in
having only five paris in the corel; but in the racemes they agree.
I cannot reconcile it with L. falcatus of Linneus’s supplementum,
nor with L. doniceroides, Linn. for here the inflorescence bears no
resemblance to an involucred umbel. Neither canit be L. pentan-

drus, as there the leaves are alternate, with petiols nearly as long .

as the racemes; mm short I cannot well reconcile it to any of the
hitherto described species. Jt unites the two genera of Loranthus
and Lenicera.—In Bengal I have found it with feaves from five to
81x inches long, and four or five broad.

2. L. Scurrula, Wiild. spec. ii. 232.—Rorb. Corom. ii. 19. tab. 140.

Leaves opposite, ovate, underneath downy. Flowers axillary, fas
cicled. Corol irregular, four-cleft ; stamens four. Berries tuibinate.
The Telingas have no other name for this than Wadinika.

It is also a parasitical shrub, but considerably smaller than the
last and much more scarce; grows upon branches of trees-in the
same manner. Flowers during the wet season.

Leaves oppposite, petioied, cordate, scolloped, covered with soft,
white down underneath; about two inches long, and one and half
broad.-— Pedunc/es numerous, collected in the axils, one- or more=
flowered.— Flowers considerably smaller than in the last species, of
a rusty grey colour, and covered with grey farinaceous dust.— Brac-
ies one, pressing on the germ as in the last. Calyx of the fruit no
other than the bracte of the flower, as in the former.—€orol ones
petailed ; tube swelled towards the base.— Border four-parted, up-
per fissure deepest ; division linear, reflexed ; stamens four, the pistil
ag in the last species.—Berry top-shaped, one-seeded.

3. LL. globosus, R.

Leaves opposite, oblong, smooth; spikes axillary. Corols regular,

six-cleft, Berries round, oval.

Loranthus. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 9079

| Kanneli-itti-kanni, Rheed. mal, x. 9. tab. 5.

Beng, Chhota-manda,

A ramous shrubby parasitic, like the two species already describ«
ed; grows common on trees throughout Bengal. Flowers all the year.

Leaves generally opposite, though sometimes alternate, and also
three-fold, short-petioled, oblong, smooth, entire, of a thick leathe«
ry texture, almost veinless ; from two to three inches long.--Racemes,
or rather spikes, axillary, or between the leaves, or from the old axils,
generally solitary, though sometimes there are two or even three to-=
gether, much shorter than the leaves. Flowers opposite, from three to
six pairs on the spike, sessile, small, greenish orange colour.— Bractes
no other than the perianth of the fruit.—Calyx. Perianth of the fruit

‘Inferior, two-leaved, the under and exterior cordate, the inner two-

toothed ; that of the flower no other than the circular margin of the
pit which receives the flower.—-Curol one-petalled ; (ube gibbous, six-
sided. order six-parted, divisions alike, and cut equally deep, re-
flected —Filaments six, erect, inserted into the base of the divisions
of the corol,— Germ ovate. Style the length of the stamens, Stigma
large, glandular, naveled.— Lerry inferior, round-oval, size of a pea,
smooth, when ripe the pulp. is yellow, clammy, and elastic, which
makes them adhere to the branches of ees where they germinate,
resting on three permanent calyciform bractes and crowned with a
ying where the corol stood round the permaneut base of the style,
one-celled.—Seeds solitary, conform to the berry, Integument single,
white, tough and clammy, marked with twelve whitish striz.— Peris.
perm conform to the seed, six-grooved, green—Embryo central, ine
verse, straight, pale green, nearly as long as the perisperm.—Coty-
ledons two, linear-oblong.— Plumula minute: Radicle sub-cylindric,
length of the cotyledons, superior.

A.L. ferrugineus, R,
Young shovts as well as the underside of the oval Jcaves long,
slender, tetrandrous, regular; flower, fruit, and pedicels clothed with

much ferruginous pubescence.

208 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Loranthus.

Found by Mr. W. Roxburgh growing on trees in the forests of
Pulo-Penang,

Addition by N. W.

I have found this species growing abundantly on trees on the is.
lands of Penang and Singapore, blossoming in August— December,
It was found also at Sumatra by the late Mr. Jack, whose descrip-
tion I insert here from the Malayan Miscellanies, vol. 1. p. 9. .

‘* A parasitic shrub which attaches itself firmly to the branches of
trees by means of jong runners and numerous circular bands. The
branches are Jong and hanging, and when young densely covered with
reddish ferruginous wool, Leaves opposite, short petioled, coriaces
ous, elliptic, obtuse, entire, smooth and green above, ferruginous
and densely villous beneath. Stapules none. Peduneles fascicled,
from one to four in each axil, from two to six-flowered. A small
scale-like bracte embraces the base of the ovary. Calyx (if any) an
entire margin crowning the ovarium. Corodla covered externally as
well as the peduncles aud ovary with feisugimous tementum, green
and smooth within, tubular, divisible into four petals, which com.
monly adhere at their base but separate at the limb, which is gene-
rally more deeply cloven on one side. § Stamina four, inserted into
the tube and nearly as long as the limb. Filaments flat, deep pur-
ple. Style as long as the corolla. Stzgma sub-rotund. Berry

ovate, ferruginous, one-seeded.”

5. L. involucratus, R,

Leaves opposite, ovate-cordate, smooth. Umbellets axillary. Ine
volucres four-leaved, four-flowered; flowers regular, pentandrous.

A stout parasitical shrub, found on trees in the forests on the easte
ern border of Bengal, where it blossoms great part of the year.

- Branches while young clothed with smooth, shining, dark-brown
bark.— Leaves opposite, short-petioled, ovate and ovate-cordate,
sides often unequal, as in most of the plants of this genus, entire,
smooth on both sides; from three to four inches long.—Umbelleis

Loranthus. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 303 ~

axillary, crowded, sub-sessile, much shorter than the leaves.— Invo-
lucres four-leaved, four-flowered ; leaflets ovate-lauceolate, smooth,
entire. Flowers sessile, pretty large, equalling the involucre.—Ca-
lyx superior, short, five-toothed, villous.—Corol ; tube widening
toward the mouth, villous. Border regular, five-parted; segments
linear, revolute—Filaments equalling the segments of the corol,
and inserted on them below their middle. Anthers oval.—Germ
oval, sericeous. Séy/e rather longer than the corol. Sigma two-=
lobed.

Obs. by N. W.

Tn the numerous specimens of this remarkable plant which [
have received from Stlhet, where it is called Chhota-gurool, the
young branches and leaves are covered with pale furruginous soft

hairs; the sessile involucres, too, are slightly villous ——N. W.

6. L. ampullaceus, R.
~ Leaves opposite, oblong, polished. Racemes axillary, simple.
Flowers calycled, regular, hexandrous ; tube of the coroj gibbous,
Berries \ong, oval.

Found on trees in the forests of Sillet, but seems to prefer the
Mango tree to all others, Flowers in the dry season, probably the
whole year round.

Stems as in our other Indian species, the size and shape very un-
certain, but numerous, bifid, trifid or quadrifid, smooth; branches and
branchlets spread in all divections.— Leaves opposite, short-petioled,
oblong, entire, smooth, from three to four inches long, and general-
ly less than two in breadth.—Racemes axillary, solitary, or in pairs,
much shorter than the leaves.—F lowers opposite, short-pedicelled,
pretty large, greenish yellow.—Bractes oval, one at the base of
each pedicel, and two pressing the base of the germ like an
inferior, bilabiate calyx.—-Calyx superior, entire, rotate.—Corol
regular; tube gibbous; border six-cleft; divisions revolute, some-
What spatulate.—LU/aments six, from the mouth of the tube of the

Aa

-~

210 _PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Loranthus.

corol, length of its segments. Anthers ovate.—Germ inferior, one-
celled, and containing one ovule attached to the top of the cell. Style
Jonger than the corol, Stigma large.— Berry inferior, long-oval,
smooth, yellow, size of a currant, one-celled. Pudp pale yellow,
very clammy.—Seeds solitary, ovate. Jnteguments two; exterior
marked with six longitudinal fibres ; ¢mner membranaceous.— Peri.
sperm conform to the seed, six-grooved, green.— Embryo cylindric,
inverse. Cotyledons short, semi-cylindric. Kadicle cyliadric, with
a turbinate apex rising above the perisperm, inverse. — ue

Obs. by N.W.

I have had numerous specimens from Szlhet where the plant is
called Am-puraroha (Mango-parasite, Am signitying the mango
tree and puraroha parasitical.) ‘They differ somewhat from the de-
scription, still as they agree in most parts, L am unwilling to add to
the difficulties ef this genus by attempting to constitute them into a
new species.—Stem and branches covered with smooth greyish
white bark.— Leaves from ovate-lanceolate to ovate, finely acumi.
nate, very smooth, as are all the other parts, from four to five inches
long, coriaceous, remarkably shining above, venous when dry, espe=
cially near the margins where (as is the case in the whole family)
the nerves unite in reticulate arches; they are less liable to fall off
on being dried than those of most of the other species —-Racemes
frequently many in each axil.—_Bractes two, opposite, ovate, shorter
than the ovary; one of them is acute, its margins sub-decurrent on
the pedicel ; the other obtuse, two-lobed. There are no bractes
under the pedicels.—Calya chscurely five-lobed.—Corol about an
inch long, before expansion bottle-shaped, its lower half being large,
somewhat ventricose ; the upper half narrow, sixesided, with a round
ed apex, scabrous from a number of small dots. All the rest as in
Roxburgb’s plant. ark Aig 3

7. L. clavatus, R.
Leaves opposite, broad-lanceolate. | Flowers axillary, few toge«
ther, tetrandrous; coro/s irregular, four-cleft; derrzes clavate.

Lorunthue, PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 212

°

A delicate, shrubby parasite ; found in the Silhet district growing
on Averrhoa Carambola.

8. L. pentapetalus, R.

Leaves opposite, from lanceolate to oval-cordate, and obliquely
attenuate, smooth. Rucemes axillary. Flowers pentandrous ; petals
five, with enlarged, three-sided base,

A large, very ramous, shrubby plant, found growing on various
trees in the forests of Silhet. | Flowers appearing about the begin-
ning of the rains in June.

Branches and branchlets columnar and quite smooth.— Leaves
opposite, petioled, from lanceolate to ovate-cordate, obliquely atte-
nuate from the middle to the apex, entire, smooth, from three to
four inches long, and about two broad.— Racemes axillary, solitary, or
paired, straight, simple, often as long as the leaves, smooth.—
Flowers very numerous, short-pedicelled, small, scattered, red.—
Bractes ; an obliquely oval one embraces the base of the germ on the
outside—Calyr superior, rather small, sub-entire, smooth.— Petals
five, the base of each swelled out into a fleshy, three-sided body,
giving to the bottom of the corola globular form and meeting in the
centre, leaving only a small aperture for the style; above tongue-
shaped, and recurved-— filaments five, inserted on the petals ; anthers
obovate-—Germ oblong, one-celled, and containing one ovule, pen-
dulous from the top of the cell. Style four-sided, jointed, or appear.
ing so near the middle. Stigma a little enarged. Berries oblong,
smooth, greenish-yellow, one-sceded.

Addition by N. IV.

While I was in Nipal I received perfecily fresh specimens of this
exceedingly beautiful species from the valley of Noakote, where it
blossoms in February and March; they agree in every respect with

those from Silhet, Younger branches alternately compressed.—
AaZ

=) a PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA! Loranthus:

Leaves tough and coriaceous, shining and somewhat vascular above,
pale underneath with a keeled rib, of a brownish colour with pur-
plish unequally repand margins. — Petiol slender, furrowed, half an
inch long. | Kacemes {rom six to eight incheslong, often two or three
m each axilla, cylindric, as thick as a small finger, of a scarlet colour
in all their parts, short-peduncled, somewhat fleshy, at first erect,
spreading more and more as the flowers expand, sometimes with a
small floral leaflet at the base. Rachis thick, fleshy, slightly angular,
scabrous, furrowed. Before expansion the flowers are cylindric,
erect on their short thick pedicels, or ascending sv as to be parallel
and close to the rachis, sub-verticillate and approximate; as they
Open they become paired or scattered, spreading, somewhat remote ;
they are scentless, about five lines long.—F2/aments subulate,
spungy ; ther lower half attached to the petal, which they scarcely
equal in length,

Additional Species by N. W.

0. L. retusus, W. J.

“ Leaves opposite, obovate-oblong, retuse or emarginate ; racemes
sub-solitary, limb of the corolla shorter than the clavate tube.

Found at Singapore,

Parasitic on trees, and fastening itself by long runners. Bark
brown.— Leaves opposite, short-petioled, obcuneate, or oblong.
obovate, retuse or emarginate, entire, smooth, coriaceous ; nerves in-
distinct; about three inches long. Racemes below the leaves from
the former axils, short.— Flowers pedicelled with one or two bractes
at the base.—Calyz consisting of an entire margin. Tube of the co-
rolia clavate, gibbous and angled above, rosy, suddenly contracted.
at the limb, which is five- or six-parted, yellowish green; segments
nairow-lanceolate, reflexed, shorter than the tube, Stamina six,

Loranthus. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIAL o18
Wi

sometimes five, erect. Sty/e alittle longer than the stamina. Stigma
eapitate. Berry one-seeded.”—W, Jack’s Mss.*

10. L. cylindricus, W. J,

“ Leaves alternate, petioled, lanceolate, acute at both ends ; racemes
axillary, as long as the leaves, limb of the corolla much longer than
the cylindrical tube.

Kayo Tiong ; Malay.

Found in Sumatra.

Branches woody, straight, with dark coloured bark.— Leaves al-
ternate, rather long-petioled, lanceolate, acute at both ends, entire,
smooth, nerved ; four or five incheslong, —- Petiods about an inch in
length. acemes axillary, as long as the leaves, rigid ; flowers pedi-
cellate-divaricate, rather distant from each other, so that the whole
has an open stiff appearance. Bractes one, embracing the base of
the ovary on its outer side—Calyr rather distinct, nearly entire.
Corolla red, perfectly cylindrical before expansion, five-petalled ; limb
reflexed, three times as long as the tube; petaés linear, separating
almost to the base. Stamina fiye, inserted on the petals, and nearly
aslong. Style filiform, erect. Stigma small. Ovary cylindrical,
one-seeded.

' Obs. This is a well marked species having somewhat the habit of a
Rhopala in its inflorescence and cyliadrical flowers, which are somes
times tetrandrous,”—W, Jach’s Mss.

11. L. incarnatus, W. J.

“ Pentandrous; young leaves and branchlets covered with decidus
ous, stellate pubescence; leaves alternate, broad-ovate, acute; ra-
cemes below the leaves, hoary; calyx five-toothed ; /inb of the corolla
much shorter than the tube.

Found on the island of Pulo Nias,

* The leaves vary much in size and figure; they are often rounded at the apex, It is

“common at Singapore, where I gathered specimens in flower in September.—N. W.

214 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA: : Loranthus.

Parasitic on trees. All the young parts covered with stellate
pubescence which is easily rubbed off. Leaves alternate, petiolate,
broad-ovate, attenuated upwards, acute, entire, smooth when adult,
nerves strong and distinct3 nine inches long. Petioles short. Ra-
cemes from the stem below the leaf-bearing branchlets, generally
several together, sometimes solitary. Flowers nearly sessile. A
small bract at the base of the ovary. Peduncles, ovaries and calyces
hoary with shortdense wool. Calyx superior, distinctly five-toothed.

Corolla above two inches long, slightly tomentose without, pale

Tosy with a greenish limb; éube gibbous below, contracted a little
above the base, then widening upwards till it suffers a second con-
traction before expanding into the limb, which is about a fourth the
Jength of the tube, five-parted, with reflexed segments. Stamina
five, erect. Style longer than the stamina. Séigma clavate. Berry
crowned with the calyx, hoary, and mealy, ovate, one-seeded.

Obs. This beautiful species comes nearest to L. farinosa, Lam.
but differs in the pubescence of the young leaves and branches and
the much greater length of the tube of the corolla.”—W. Jack's Mss.

12. L. patulus, W. J.

« T eaves opposite, ellipticeovate, smooth; flowers on long pedicels,
paniculate-racemose, axillary or below the leaves; éube of the corol
acutely six-angled, equal in length to the segments of the limb.

Found in the interior of Bencoolen.

Branches smooth.— Leaves opposite, petioled, elliptic-ovate, ras
ther obtuse, sometimes sub-acute, entire, smooth, coriaceous ; about
three inches long.—Flowers paniculate-racemose onlong divaricate
pedicels, axillary or be'ow the leaves. “Vhe racemes are shorter than

the leaves from which they spring. | Bractes two or three, embrac~ _

ing the ovary like a calycle. Calyxan entire margin. Corolla green,
tipped with light red and with a purplish tinge towards the base,
tube clavate, dilated upwards, acutely six-angled; domo six-parted,

segments as long as the tube, narrow, revolute. Séamina six, erecte

*

Loranthus. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 215
‘he,

Style as long as the stamina. Stigma capitate. Berry sub-globose,
one seeded.”—W, Jack’s Mss.

13. L. coccineus, W. J.

“ Flowers spicate, tetrandrous, spikes axillary, erect; Zeaves sube
ovate, smooth.— Malay. Miscell, i. 8.

Found at Singapore,

Branches long, vimineous. Leaves alternate, petiolate, oblong-
ovate, sub-cordate at the base, attenuated towards the apex, which
is obtuse, entire, smooth. FPetigls short. Spikes axillary, solitary
or in pairs, erect, longer than the leayes; flowers sessile, clos2'y
pressed to the rachis before expansion. A single small ovate fers
ruginous bracte is situated at the base of each flower. Ca/yr supe-
rior, nearly entire, scarcely toothed. Corolla coccineous, four-pe-
talled, erect, tubular; limb spreading; petals nearly linear, broader
at the base. Stamina four, red, erect, inserted into the middie of
the petals and equalling them in length; anthers oblong, adnate,
red. Style red, erect, scarcely longer than the stamina. Stigma
obtusely capitate. Berry ovate; elongated above, one-seeded.
Seed coutained in a hard shell, four-sided, its apex immersed in
gluten into which the radicle shoots. | Embryo inverse, the radicle
produced beyond the albumen.—'This species is nearly allied to
L. pentapetalus of Roxburgh agreeing with it in habit and inflo-
rescence.’ —Jack, loc, cit.

14. L. odoratus, Wall.

Smooth. Leaves sub-opposite, ovate-lanceolate, fleshy. Spzkes
axillary, sub-fascicied, with foveolate fleshy rachis and jointed, sessi.e,
sub-immersed, spreading, six-petalled, hexandrous flowers.

This peculiarly elegant species I found on the moun‘ains of
Chandagir? and Sheopore, in flower in February and March.

Branches round, covered with pale dotted bark ; younger ones
brownish, smooth, as are all the other parts.— Leaves seldom en-

tuely opposite, commonly sub-alternate, ovate-lanceolate, fleshy,

216 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Loranthus,

acute at both extremities, with undulate, even margins, veinless, of a
pallid green colour, becoming yellowish, from four to six inches Jong,
on short, siender, channelled pefio/s. Spikes axillary, sub-opposite;
sometimes fascicled or sub-verticiled, almost sessile, shorter than
the leaves, many-flowered. Rachis thick and fleshy, slightly
angular, marked with deep sharp-margined smal! excavations, in
which the ovaria are half immersed and as it were jointed, Flowers
small, nearly white, scattered, approximate, spreading, very sweet.
scented. Ca/yx exceedingly narrow, entire. Corolla about three -
lines long, six-petalled, at first clavate, afterwards spreading ; petals
cuneate, apex slightly concave, base firm y attached to the inside
of the calyx. Stamina six, rather shorter than the peta’s. Ovary
small, round, yellowish, supported by no other bracte than the acute
margin of the foveola of the rachis, which is rather broader under-
neath. Stigma scabrous, nodding.

Obs. This species comes near to L. pentapetalus, Roxb, but
differs abundantly in its jointed, sessile, always spreading, six-petal»
led, hexandrous flowers and foveolate rachis.__N. W.

15. L. loniceroides, Linn.

Smocth. Leaves from ovate to lanceolate, very attenuate,
obtuse, base rounded.— Peduncles opposite, longer than the petiols,
bearing a head of a few sessile hexandrous flowers, each of which is
supported by four broad-ovate, acute, concave bractes.—Corols
slender, tubular, very long, limb ‘irregularly cleft into five cuneate
spreading segments.

L. coriaceus, Lam. encycl. bot. 1. 597.

Specimens of this are preserved in Dr. Heyne’s herbarium. They
agree pretty well with Lamark’s description, but differ from Itti-
Canni, Hort. Mal. vi. p 55. t. 29, which Linneus quotes in flora
zeyl. p. 34, in having smooth flowers with five stamens, whereas
Rheed’s plant has bearded polyandrous flowers. —Vluckenet’s peri-
clymenum surrectum persica foltis, Almag. 287, t. 242, fig. 5, usually

cited for Lianeus’s plant, seems to be a Morinda.—L. umbellatus,

Loranthus. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 217

Heyne in Roths nov. plant. spec. 192 differs, chiefly, by its decur-
rent petiols; those of our plant have a simple jointed base.—N. W.

16. L. longiflorus, Lam. encycl. bot. ii, 598.

Smooth. Leaves obtuse, the uppermost sub-cordate, veined.
Racemes axillary, with long, clavate, pentandrous flowers. Corolla
contracted below the limb; dacinig cuneate.

Vallhi-iti-canni, Rheed. mal, vii. 5, t. 4. (and not tab. 3, as is quote
ed in the work itself.)

Specimens are preserved in Dr. Heyne’s herbarium, under the
name of L. pentandrus, Linn. which, however, has alternate leaves,

17. L. elasticus, Lam, 1. c. p. 599.

Smooth, with very strong, columnar, short-jointed branches. Leaves

- sessile, very thick, ovate, sub-acute, obscurely fivesnerved. Flowers

sub-sessile, fascicled about the joints, pentandrous; tube cylindric;
limb beaked before expansion; lacini@ linear, long, separating from
the base upwards,

Belutta-itti-canni, Rheed. mal. x. 7. t. 3. (and not tab. 4 as quote
ed in the work itself.)

Also preserved in Dr. Heyne’s collection,

The leaves are remarkabiy thick and appear both tri- and tripli-
nerved.—N. W,

18. L. polystachius, Wall.

Smooth. Leaves sub-alternate, ovate, obtuse, with acute base.
Racemes short-peduncled, axillary, opposite, solitary, or two or
three, fascicled round the base of the branches, shorter than the
leaves, Flowers small, long-pedicelled, adscending, four-petailed,
tetrandrous, berries globular, reflexed.

In the herbar. of Dr. Heyne itis marked “ Courtallum.—L. tetran.-
drus.”

A large species with slender, round, dotted branches. Leaves
Bb

218 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Loranthus.

¥

from three to four inches long, by twoand half or three broad, some-
times even larger, mostly alternate, reticulate and veined when dry,
on short petiols. Jtacemes numerous, from two to three inches long;
rachis slender; pedice/s about three lines Jong terminated by a small
oval, obtuse, concave and gibbous, persistent bracte, which embraces
the ovary.— Flowers small, about four lines long, cylindric, at first
erect on the adscending pedicels, afterward spreading; petals four,

linearecuneate.—Stigma capitate.—Berries nearly globular, reflexed.

--N. W.

19. L. vestigus, Wall,

Leaves oblong-lanceolate, tapering, acute, convex, smooth and
lucid above, densely covered underneath with ferruginons tomentum,
as are also the fascicled tetrandrous tubular flowers.

A native of Nipai where I found it on the mountains of Chanda-
gi? and Sheopore. In flower most part of the year.

A remarkably stout branchy and spreading parasite. Branches
round, brown, dotted; the young shoots, as well as the leaves, petiols,
and the flowers densely covered with very soft, rust-coloured, stellate
aud mealy tomentum.— I eaves opposite, approximate, oblong-lanceo-
late, sometimes ovate, tapering, acute, three inches long, convex, very
shining and smooth above ; concave, densely tomentose, obscurely
nerved underneath ; margins recurved.— Petiols short, round.— Fasci-
eles numerous, short-peduncled, in the axils of the fallen leaves, few-
flowered, all their parts densely tomentose. J/owers sessile, supported
by small ovate, acute bractlets. Calyx obscurely four-toothed. Corolle
cylindric, with a subeglobular apex before expansion, afterward its
limb bursts into four linear reflexed segments, half the length of the
tube, which measures about eight lines. On the outside it is rust- or
cinnamon-colored, within purple and smooth.—Stamima four.—
Berry oblong, tomentose.

Obs. This comes very near Roxburgh’s L. ferrugineus, it differs
chiefly in the form and situation of its leaves which are approximate,

Loranthus. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 219 .

bi . .
oblong, attenuate-acute, remarkably convex and quite polished above;

in the former they are broader, obtuse, flat and somewhat remote,—<«

N. W.

920. L. viridiflorus, Wall.

Smooth. Leaves opposite, short petioled, lanceolate, tapering at
both ends, acuminate or obtuse, Racemes axillary, sub-fascicled,
with remote, pedicelled, hexandrous, sixecleft, shortish flowers.
_Bractes three under each ovarium.

i have only found this speeies in the forest of Goukurrun in the
valley of Nipal, where it grows abundantly on trees. Time of blose
soming the hot season.

Branches numerous, covered with ash-coloured, dotted bark ; the
primary ones sube-verticillate.— Leaves lanceolate, sometimes ovate.
lanceolate, mosily acuminate, with gibbous margins, about three
niches long, perfectly smooth, as is the whole plant; they are less
coriaceous than in most other species, and rather conspicuously retie
culate.— Racemes axillary and from the vestiges of the fallen leaves,
solitary, or two or three together, sub-sessile, one-third shorter than
the leaves.— Flowers green, somewhat remote, scattered irregularly, on
peduncles, which are four lines long and jointed at the base.— Tube
of the corolla about an inch and halflong, slightly ventricose, obtasely
six-comered ; /imb divided regularly into six, rarely into five linear cla-
vate, reflexed /acinie@, which are nearly as long as the tube; their ine
side rugose, their extremity broadish-concave, acute. Filaments erect,
five or six, attached to the lacimie, decurrent to the base of the
corolla. Anthers small.— Ovary oblong, rounded at the base, and
supported by three persistent, ovate, unequal, concave, adpressed,
sub-acute bractlets, Style filiform, st7gma rugose under the lens.

—Berry small, ovate,

21. L. Ligustrinus, Wall.

Young parts and inflorescence villous, Leaves lanceolate, acu-
Bb2

220 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Loranthus.

minate, smooth. Racemes few-flowered. Corols quadrangular, four-
, pelalled. Stamina four.

A native of the forests in the valley and on several of the moun:
tains of Nipal, where J found it in blossom in the hot weather.’

Branches sub-fasciculate, covered with grey, smocthish bark ;
young shoots slightly villous, dotted — Leaves opposite, or alternate,
lanceolate, attenuato-acute, from one to two inches long, smooth,
coriaceous, veined. Petivls short.—Hacemes sub-umbellate, axillary,
two or three, shorter than the leaves, with a few red, villous, small,
sub-sessile flowers, which are deep red within and pale pink oa the
outside. Calyx extremely narrow, entire. Corofla four-petalled, six
lines long; petals linear, spreading ; their lower half converging into a
cuediadeniae slightly ventricose tube; furrowed within for the recep-
tion of the lower half of the four red filaments, which are attached to
their base.—Ovary ferruginous, villous, supported by an oval bract-
let; stigma purplish, sub-quadranguiar.—N. W.

22. L. bracteatus, Heyne.

Covered with grey stellate tomentum. Leaves small, obovate, obe
tuse, tapering downwards, alternate, rather long-petioled. Umbels ax-
illary. Calyx five-toothed, supported by a large tongue- shaped
bracte. Corolla, clavate, lengthened. Stamina five.

In the herbarium of Dr. Heyne specimens of this most distinct

species are preserved under the above name.

The whole plant is densely covered with stellate, ash-grey tomen-

tum. Branches round, dotted, becoming smoother by age. Leaves

alternate, scarcely an inch Jong, genera!ly much smaller, from obovate

to sub-rotund, on slender, longish petiols. —Umbella five-flowered,

all the parts densely villous. © Pedice/s one-third of an inch Jeng, ter-
minated by an oblong, tongue-shaped, obtuse bracte, measuring half
an inch in length. Calyx distinctly five-toothed. Corolla nearly an
inch and a half long, slender, cylindric at the lower part, widening
upwards; throat contracted ; /acini@ five, linear,

unilateral, much
shorter than the tube; stamina hve.—N. W.

Loranthus, PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 291

23. L. farinosus, Lam. l. c. ii. 597.

Leaves alternate, smooth, leathery, ovate, obtuse, on thick short
petiols. Racemes in axillary fascicles, covered with much mealy,
stellate, whitish tomentum. — Corol/a with a ventricose tube, divided
two-thirds of its length into linear semi-recurved lacimig. Stamine
five.

{ found this handsome species in the forests of Singapore, cover-
ed with flowers in September and October,

Lamark’s description is as usual excellent.—The leaves are pe-
culiarly thick, sometimes almost as large as a hand, with unequal
margins ; rib very pr ominent ; nerves remote, a little elevated. Flowe
ers of a bright red colour, ditiecly covered with easily separating,
mealy, stellate tomentum; they are about an inch long; tube wide,
and somewhat ventricose, divided below the middle into five long
lacinize, which are erect at their base, but reflexed at their upper end,
where they are linear, obscurely triangular, Berry large, ovate,
slightly tomentose.—N. W.

24. L. pidverulentus, Wall.

Upper parts extremely hoary and mealy. Leaves broad-ovate, ov
slender round petiols. Facemes lateral, fascicled, tomentose. low
érs peduncled, tetrandrous. Twbe long, curved, cylindric; lacinie
four, shortish, reflexed, unilateral.

Found in flower in December on trees at Hetounra and along the
banks of the Rapti in Nipal. : an

Branches brown, round ; young ones as well as the racemes denses
ly covered with yellowish, mealy, stellate tomentn 1m.— Leaves oppo=
site, coriaceous, large, broad-ovate, or ovate-oblong, acute, or obtuse,
with a rounded, sub-cordate hase, from five to seven inches long,
smooth, with an elevated rib, and slightly prominent nerves. Petioles,
slender, nearly an inch long. Racemes fascicted, lateral, in the axils

of the fallen leaves, three inches long, with numerous long, curved,

‘ubular-clavate, scattered, thic ‘ly tomentose, green flowers. — Pedi«

cels round; from two to three lines | long, bearing at the apex a very

922 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Loranthus.

small, persistent, ovate scale.—Calyx imperceptible. Corolla nearly
an inch and third long, curved, mealy without, smooth within 3
tube cylindric ; dmb clavate, about one-third the length of the tube,
fourecleft ; dacinzg linear, reflected, unilateral, two of them separated ~
more deeply than the rest.— Anthers four, conniving, a little shorter
than the lacinia. Ovarium ovate, mealy; séy/e filiform ; stigma mie
nute, capitate, elevated above the anthers, scabrous. Berry large,

club-shaped, mealy.— N. W.

95. L. umbellatus, Wail.

Leaves oblong-lanceolate, smooth. Fascicles axillary and lateral,
slightly pubescent, three-flowered, sub-umbellate. Corolla very long
and slender, four-cleft. Stamina four.

I found this towards the top of Sheopore; it has also been brought
to me from more northerly situations on the route to Gossain-Than.
Time of blossoming the rainy season.

Branches long, slender, round, smooth, rugose. Leaves opposite,
from oblong to lanceolate, tapering, acute at the base, short-petioled,
smooth, leathery, from four to six inches long. Umbels from threes
to four-flowered, axillary or from the vestiges of the fallen leaves,
fascicled. | Peduncles slightly covered with ferruginous tomentum,
about three lines long, equalling the pedicels, Flowers nearly two ine
ches long, pubescent, of a bright red colour. Calyr narrow,
unequally and obtusely four-toothed, ube very long and slender,
filiform at first, curved, striated; mouth divided into four linear las
ciniz, equalling a sixth part of the tube in length, reflexed; two of
them separated much deeper than the rest.—Stamina four, spreading.
—Ovarium villous, supported by a minute bracte; style filiform,

Jonger than the stamina; stigma clavate —N. W.

26. L. cordifolins, Wall.
Branches, leaves and racemes villous ; young partsmealy. Leaves

ovate-cordate, obtuse, Racemesfascicled. Corolia tubular, forte
cleft. '

Hamiltonia. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. £23

s

Discovered at Shreenagur by Kamroop, @ brahmun who is cole
lecting seeds and specimens for the Hon. Company’s botanic garden
at Calcutta.

Brauches round, ash-coloured, villous, dotted ; new shoots as well
as the tender parts thickly covered with pale furruginous or white,
stellate tomentum.—Leaves opposite, broad-ovate, obtuse; base |
rounded, cordate, sometimes only retuse, four inches long, villous
on both sides, becoming smoother by age, nerved when dry.— Pe-

tiols round, an inch long— Racemes axillary, sub-sessile, villous.—~

Pedicels short.—Corolla an inch long, tubular, clavate, villous ;
mouth divided into four, short, lanceolate lacinie. Stamina four.—

N. W.

HAMILTONIA, Roxb*

1
Calyz five-cleft. Corol infundibuliform. Germ one-celled, five-
seeded ; attachment of the ovula inferior. Stigma five-cleft. Capsules
inferior, one-celled, five-valved. Seeds five, lattice-arilled. Hmbryo
erect, and furnished with a perisperm.

1. H. suaveolens, R.+

Sbhrubby. Leaves opposite, broad-lanceolar. Flowers in termi-
nal, uibeliform heads. ;

This charming, fragrant-flowered shrub was fouad wild on the
Rajmuhal hills by Mr. William Roxburgh, jun. and by him iutro-
duced into the Botanic Garden at Calcutta, where it blossoms dur-
ing the cold season. Itis named after Mr. Wiiliam Hamilton of
the Wood-lands near Philadelphia in North America, an eminent
botanist, aud the first who was at the expense of erecting a con-

* This genus is called Spermadictyon, in Roxbugh’s Corom. iii. 32, in consequence of
the name Hamilionia having been given by Wildenow, spec. plant. vii, 114, (witheut any
good reason in my opinion) to Michaux’s Pyrularia—N. W.

t Spermadictyor suaveolens, Brown, 1. cit, et Edwards’s bot, regist. iv. 348,.—N. W.

224 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Hamiltonia.

servatory in that country for the preservation of the plants of a hot
chmate. To this gentleman the botanic garden at Caleutta is
under the greatest obligation for having enriched it with —— of
the choicest plants of the New World.

Stem stout, shrubby; branches opposite, cross-armed, ascending,
Bark of the ligneous parts ash-coloured, with dark purple specks;
general height from six to ten feet.— Leaves opposite, short-petiol-
ed, broad-lanceolate, smooth, entire, from three to six inches long.
— Stipules or rather connecting membranes broad, énsiform.—
Flowers sessile, in terminal corymbiform. heads, on shert, tricho-
tomous branchlets, mumerous, pure white, and delightfuily fragrant.
— Bractes ensiform, villous; several surrounding each fascicle or
head of flowers, as well as intermixed amongst them.—Calyx su-
perior, five-cleft, permanent; divisions subulate-——Corol one-petal-
led, funnei-shaped. ube slender, widening a litile towards the
mouth. Border consisting of five, spreading, oblong divisions.—
Filaments} five, very short, inserted into the tube of the coro] a lite
tle within its mouth. Anthers half-erect, linear.— Germ inferior,
oneecelled and containing five distinct chambers attached to the
bottom of the cell, which now, thick and succulent, become the net-
like anl of the ripe seed; each chamber contains one ocvulum ate
tached to its bottom.—Capsuies the size of a pea, oblong, crowned
with the calyx, one-celled, five-valved, opening from the apex.— Seeds
five when all come to maturity, which is very seldom the case, their
shape differing according to the number attached to the bottom of the
cell, each enveloped in a beautiful, dry, net-like aril. Integument sine
gle, dark blackish-brown, friable.—Perisperm in very small quantity,
indeed it may be called an inner integument.—Embryo conform to
the seed, erect; cotyledons two, cordate, fullaceous, with a doub.«
ling down the middle. Plumulaminute. Hadicle oblong, infe-
rior, pointing to the umbilicus.—Compare with Psathura, Gaert.
carp. ill, 83. ¢. 194.

or

Hamiltonia. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIAs 22

Obs. by N. WV.

I have found a marked variety of this shrub, if not a distinct spe-
cies in Nipal, where it grows between Hetounra and Bheempedi,
chiefly between Bhinsadoban and the last mentioned village, forming
the most extensive thickets, which are rendered still more beautiful
by the snow-white flowers of Porang paniculata. Ihave also met with
it about the village near Cheeshagurree, and on several mountains in
the valley itself; my people have brought it to me from Noakote.—It
perfumes the air by its delicious fragrance from November until
March, during which time it is indescribably beautiful. It differs
from suaveolens, chiefly, in the colour of its flowers, which are azure-
blue, and in the hairiness of most ofits parts. It grows to a shrub of
ten to twelve feet high, well furnished with branches. As the stem
gets old, its epidermis becomes smooth and ash-coloured. Branch-
es covered with pale soft hairiness, widening at the divisions and in-
Sertions of the leaves; while young reddish ; very slender.— Leaves
from five to eight inches long, with a lengthened acumen, base acute;
the upper surface pubescent; the under ove with numerous opposite,
oblique, parallel nerves which, together with the strong rib and reticu-
late veins, are villous. Petiols very short.— Stipules broad and short,
adpressed, soon withering, ending in a subulate acumen, atthe base of
which there are on each side one or two crenatures. Inflorescence
most ampie, densely villous, especially the corols, which are of a de-
jightful sky-blue colour.—Ovarium somewhat five-cornered.—In
every other respect the two plants agree. How far mine should be
considered as a variety only, ora distinct species (which I would
propose calling S. azureum), I must leave undecided, until the young
plants, which were brought down with me, shall come to a proper
age. tis worth observing, that all its tender parts and the flowers,
on being bruised, as also in decaying, emit a peculiarly fetid smell,
precisely as is the case with similar parts of Serissa and Pederia
Jetida and some others. When out of flower, the shrub looks for

Ce

1 223 PENTANDBIA MONOGYNIA,. Mussacnda.

sometime peculiarly withered and poor, in consequence of the unu-
sual time during which the dried brown panicles remain on the
branches.

2. H. pilosa, R.

Shrubby, straight, exceedingly hairy. Leaves opposite, short-pe.
tioled, lanceolate, entire. Flowers in axillary fascicles, mixed amongst
many Jong, very hairy bractes.

A native of the Moluccas.

MUSSAENDA, Schreb. gen. 326.

Calyx five-cleft. Corol fannel-shaped. Stamina within the tube:
Germ inferior, two-celled; ced/s many-seeded; attachment of the
ovula on two jugiform receptacles, inserted on the partition. Stigma
two-cleft. Capsule two-celled, three-valved. Seeds numerous.

1. M. corymbosa, Roxb.

Shrubby, erect. Corymbs terminal. Leaves oblong, smooth.

Native of Ceylon, Malabar, &c. In the botanic garden at Calcutta
it grows to be a steut, rigidly erect, ramous shrub, and is in blossom
during the rains, at which time few plants surpass it in beauty.

Trunk straight ; branches many, decussate. Bark smooth.— Leaves
opposite, short-petioled, oblong, pointed, entire, smooth on both
sides, from six to nive inches long, and from three to four broad.—
Incolucre or floral leaves \ong-petioled, generally one to each pri-
mary division of the corymb, of an oval form, acute, pure white,
smooth on both sides, five or seven-nerved.— Pedioles of the floral
leaves long, slender, drooping, inserted on the apex of the germ,
forming one of the divisions of the calyx.—Stipules within the
leaves, from a broad cordate base, tapering to an acute point.—
Corymbs terminal, compound and decompound, smooth.— Bractes

ovate-lanceolate.— Flowers numerous, and uncommonly beautiful.—

Mussaenda, PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 297

Calyx five-parted ; divisions erect, bristle-shaped, smooth.—Corol/
funnel-shaped. Jube slender, more than twice the length of the
calyx, swelled a little about the middle, where the stamens are
lodged; mouth closed with orange-coloured hair. Border of five
ovate, fleshy, pointed, spreading divisions, on the upper side convex,
villous, of a deep but bright orange colour, and greenish under-
neath. Filaments five, short, inserted into the middle of the tube.—
Anthers \inear, hid in the tube.—Germ inferior, two-celled ; ovula
numerous, on a pedicelled jugiform receptacle, projecting above the
insertion and far below it.—Style half the length of the tube of the
corol. Stigmas two.—Capsule oval, two-celled, two-valved.— Seeds
numerous.
Obs. In some parts of India the white floral leaves are brought

to table as an esculent herb.

Obs. by N. W.

This species differs decidedly from Vahil’s glabra, Symb. ii. 38.
which I found common on several of the Malay islands in wet places,
near water courses, &c. in flower all the year round; and have also
had from Silhet; a rambling, sometimes climbing shrub, much small-
er in allits parts than that described above.—N. W.

2, M. frondosa, Willd. sp. i. 997.
“i rubby, erect. Leaves oblong, acuminate, villous. Panicles
terminal, dichotomous, villous.
M. Zeylanica, Burm. Zeyl. 165. t. 76.
Belilla, Rheed. mal. ii. 27. tab. 17.*
A native of various parts of India; in the botanic garden at Cal.
cutta it grows to be a pretty large shrub, but with few branches, at

least when compared to the preceding species, but the flowers,

* The 18th plate is erroneously quoted by all my authors owing, I presume, to the mistake
of Rheede, whose description refers to that, instead of the 17th plate.—N. W.
Cc2

228 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIAs Mussaenda.

which appear about the end of the raias and beginning of the cool
season, are larger and of a brighter colour.

|

Additional species, by N. W.

3. M. macrophylla, Wall.

Leaves ovate, acuminate, pubescent. Corymb bracteate, trichoto-
mous, very hairy, with short branches. Calycine segments large,
foliaceous, oblong-lanceolate.

I have found this neble species on the mountains of Chundra-girt
and Nagarjoon in Nipal, in blossom during the rainy season, in
fruit during the winter.

A large spreading shrub, generally erect, though sometimes,
when growing in very rich soi!, tending to ramb’e. Branches four.
cornered, brown; while young almost round, densely beset with soft
and silky, long and spreading, grayish hairs. Leaves broad-ovate,
from eight to ten inches long, spreading, acuminate, with entire and
even margins; the uppermost rounded and sub-retuse at the base, and
almost sessile, the rest acute, pubescent, slightly rugose, of a dark
green colour above, pale, villous underneath, with elevated mb, and
paraiel, oblique, approximate nerves, which unite in. sub-marginal
arches. Petiols thick, channelled, sub-marginate, half an inch Jong.—
Stipules large, ovate, tapering, acute or bifid, with recuryed apices,
nearly twice as long as the petiols, hairy within the base; there are a
number of smal!, subulate, black glands loosely attached to the in«
ner surface.—Corymb terminal, spreading, many-flowered, shorter
than the uppermost pair of leaves, sessile, very hairy, trichotomous.
Divisions short, round, the lowermost about an inch long. ‘There
are generally three floral leaves, broad-oval, acuminate, seven-
nerved, somewhat villous, very thin and membranous, snow-white,
with faintly green veins, two or three inches long, on slender
_ elongated petiols, inserted laterally into the apex of the ovarlum.—

Bractes numerous, large, very hairy, opposite or solitary, under each

Mussaenda. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. £29

division of the inflorescence, deeply divided into two or three lan«
ceolate, acuminate Jobes, half an inch long or more.— Flowers large,
orange-coloured, near'y sessile, hairy without, Calyr large, divided
into five fullaceous, ob!ong-lanceolate, acuminate, entire segments ;
within the base there are a number of small subulate glands. Tube
of the corolla greenish, un inch and half long, alittle swelled above
the midd.e, neariy three times longer than the calyx. Limb spread-
ing, convex, divided into five ovate, cuspidato-acuminate lacinia ;
throat and the upper part of the tube above the antheis filled with
silky, yellowish, straight hairs: Stamina enclosed. Ovarium ovate,
with a small bractlet or two at the base. Sizgma below the an-
thers, divided into two linear, fleshy lobes. Berries dark purple,

hairy, as large as a marrow-fat pea.—N. W.

4, M. incana, Wall.

Covered with whitish, soft, adpressed hoariness: Stem nearly erect.
Leaves ovate-oblong, sub-sessile, white underneath. Corymd teimix
nal, fascicled, few-flowered, sessile. Flowers villous.

Brousht to me from the road towards Gossain-Than in Nipal, in
flower in August.

A smail erect shrub, covered on all its parts with soft, shining, ad-
pressed grey hairs. oot, simple, slender, ash-coloured, with short
fibres. Stem from two to three feet high, round, scarcely the thick-
ness ofa goose-quill, undivided, sometimes, though seldom with one or
two alternate, slender branches. Leaves ovate-oblong, tapering, acute,
or acuminate, somewhat acute at the base, spreading, sub-decussate,
a little longer than their interstices, which are pretty equal, from four
to six inches long, villous above, villous and nearly white underneath,
with parallel elevated rib and nerves; the uppermost nearly sessile.—
Petiole scarcely three lines long, hairy.—Stipules erect, adpressed,
equalling the petioles in length, tapering from a broad base toa
bifid lanceo’ate apex; there are a number of glands on the inner sur-

face of the lower broad part—Corymb terminal, small, sessile, few-

¢

230 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Baeoboirys.

flowered, exceedingly hairy, once or twice bifid, with short ramifi-
cations.— Floral leaves few, ovate, or sub-cordate, acuminate, milk-
white, pubescent, five-nerved, two inches long, supported by a sien.
der, 'engthened stalk.— Bractes linear-subulate, hairy ; as are also the
remote segments of the calyx.—Tube of the corolla very long, hairy,
widening upwards. Lacinig ovate, acuminate.—N. W.

BAEOBOTRYS.* Schreb. gen. N. 318.

Calyx five-parted. Corol tubular. Germ semi-inferior, one-celled,
many-seeded, attached to a free, inferior, central receptacle. Berry
inferior, many-seeded.

1. B. indica, R.+ ;

Shrubby. Leaves alternate, ventricose-oblong, grossly serrate.
Racemes axillary, and terminal; the terminal ones more generally
compound.

A large shrub, a native of Chittagong; in the botanic garden at
Calcutta it flowers in February, March and April, but rarely per-

fects its seeds there.

It appears to differ from Vahls. B. lanceolata, Symb.i.p. 19.
é 6. in the leaves being shorter-petioled, and more grossly serrate;
as well as in the inflorescence.

* The identity of this genus with Forskael’s Maesa being established, the latter name
claims the right of priority to that of Forster and ought to be prefered. It belongs not te
Ericee, under which it has hitherto been placed ; but to Myrsineg, of which it forms a sec-
tion, distinguished by the inferior, many-seeded berry.—N. W.

+ This is an exceedingly common shrub in Nipal, where I have found it from Bechiake
to the valley. It blossoms almost all the year round, but chiefly from April to October. The
white berries ripen in the course of three months, and are eaten by the Parbuteeyas or hill
people. It varies very much in the figure of the leaves from ovate to lanceolate, with an
acute or rounded base, and in its racemes, which are simple or compound, short or long;
so much so, that I am doubtful whether there are not more than one species concealed under
it. The branches have a tendency to climb. The inflorescence is subject to a sort of mon-
strosity by which it becomes panicled and very branchy ; in that state the flowers are abor-
tive and do not open._N. W,

Baeobotrys. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 231

Trunk erect, in plants eight or ten years old as thick as a man’s leg,
Branches numerous, extending down to the ground, straight and
nearly erect.—Bark smooth, dark brown, general height of the
whole plant from eight to twelve feet— Leaves alternate, rather
short-petioled, ventricose-oblong, tapering to an acute point, re-
motely and deeply repand, serrate, pretty smooth on both sides,
and glossy on the upper surface, veins large and parallel, from
three to six inches long, and from one to two and half broad,—
Stipules none.—Racemes axillary, and terminal, often several toge-
ther, some of them ramous, much shorter than the leaves; the ter-
minal one generally panicled.—Flowers numerous, diverging, short~
pediceiled, small, pure white.—Bractes one at the base of each
pedicel, and two pressing on the calyx.—Calyx single, semi-supera,
permanent, five-parted, divisions obtuse.—Corol one-petalled. Tube
short, somewhat gibbous. order of five equal, roundish, expand-
ed segments.— Filaments short, inserted into the tube of the corol,
immediately below the middle of the segments of the border, in-
curved, smooth. Anthers cordate, converging in form of a dome
over the apex of the pistillum.—Germ semi-inferior, broad-ovate,
one-celled, containing numerous ovula from the bottom of the cell,
Style short. Stigma tending to be lobate.— Berry inferior, crowned
with the permanent calyx, round, smooth, dry, size of a grain of
black pepper, one-celled, evalvular, Receptacle round-cordate, free,
attached to the bottom of the cell, as in Primula, &c. Gaert. Sem.
i. 233. t. 50. Seeds numerous, angular.

2. B. ramentacea, R.

Shrubby. Leaves alternate, lanceolate, acuminate, entire, smooth.
Panicles terminal, axillary, and lateral, ramentaceous. Berries
minute, white, succulent.

Mulmooriya is the vernacular name at Silhet, where it is indigen-
ous. It grows to be a pretty large shrub, blossoms in March and
April, aad the seeds ripen in October and November.

932 FeNTANDRIA MONOGYNIA- Bacobotrys.

Leaves alternate, short-petioled, lanceolate, acuminate, entire,
smooth, from two to six inches long.— Panicles terminal, axillary,
and late:al, numerous, small, crowded with small, abortive, ferru-
gious, ramentaceous branchlets.— flowers small, greenish-yellow,
— Bractes ferruginous, small, subulate.—Calyx five-parted, almost
five-leaved.—Corol s tube very small. Border of five orbicular,
veined re Filaments five, short, inserted into the tube of the
corol.—Anthers two-lobed, broad-ovate.—The Germ may be called
superior, ovate, smooth, one-celled ; ovu/a numerous, on a sub-cy-
lindiic receptacle, rising from the base of the cell.—Sfyle short,
Stigma two- or three-lobed.— Berries completely inferior, size of a
grain of black pepper, white, smooth, succulent, one-celled. Cedi
formed by a white, pretty hard, but thin, nuciform integument.—
Seeds several, minute, angular, black, piited, attached to the free,
central receptacle, asin the germ. Jnteguments uncertain, on ace
count of the diminutive size of the seed.—Perisperm soft, juicy,
dark-coloured.— Embryo sub-cylindric, transverse.

3. B. nemoralis, Willd. spec. i. 992.*

Shrubby. Leaves alternate, ovate-oblong, repand- dentate) smooth.
Racemes axillary, short, and crowded.

Mulmooriya is the vernacular name in Silhet, where it is indigen-
ous and grows to the size of a pretty large, very ramous, upright
shrub. It flowers in March, and the seeds ripen in May.

Branches and branchlets numerous, nearly erect, round and
pretty smooth.— Bark of the old woody parts brown, of the young
shoots green.— Leaves alternate, petioled, ovate-oblong, margins
repand, serrate-dentate, (forthereis a mixture of the whole,) in some
acuminate, both sides smooth, texture firm, three or four inches

long, by two broad.—Racemes axillary, about twice the length

* Itis very doubtful to me whether the shrub described here is Vahl’s plant (Symb. i.
19; Maesa Baeobotrys, Syst, Weg. v. 226.)—1 have specimens from Silhet with nearly eu-
tire leayes.—N. W.

Baeobotrys. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 233

of the petiols, ramous, and crowded with minute white flowers.—.
Bractes subulate, one-tlowered, -beside one or two broader on the
short petiols, or pressing the calyx.—Calyr campanulate, five-
parted.——Corol with a very short tube, and a border of five oval seg-
ments.— Jidaments five, inserted into the tube, under the middle of
the segments of the border, short, incurved.—Germ superior, one-
celled, containing numerous ovu/a, attached to a free receptacle,
rising from the bottom of the cell. S/yle short. Stigma threes

lobed,

4. B. glabra, KR.

Arboreous. Leaves alternate, ovate-lanceolate, entire, smooth,
Panicles axillary, smooth. |

A slender tree, with straight, smooth branches, and leaves; a nas

x, where it flowers in March.

tive of Chittagong,

5. B. tetrandra, R.

Leaves alternate, oblong, entire. Racemes axillary. Flowers
tetrandrous,

A native of the Moluccas.

Additions by N.W.
6. B. (Maesa) argenieca, Wall.

Shiubby. Leaves ovate, acuminate, sharply dentate, pubescent,
white and silvery underneath. Racemes axillary, short, sub-fascicled.

1 have found it on Chundra-gii7, blossoming in April and May ;
and with ripe fruit in July.

A large branchy shrub, from five to six feet high; branches elon=
gated, sub-scandent, rounded, softly and densely villous while young,
pubescent when old.—Leaves ovate, acuminate, with an acute,
entire base, otherwise sharply sinuato-dentate, from six to eight in-
ches long, slightly pubescent above, of a silvery white colour under.

neath ; nerves paralle], opposite, sub-dichotomous, villous.— Petigles
Dd i

234 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. ‘Baeobotrys.

slender, rounded, channelled, villous, an inch and half long.— Racemes
axillary, pubescent, oblong, scarcely equalling the petiol, having a
few alternate branches at the base so as to vive them the appearance
of being fascicled, sessile, erect.—Flowers close to each other,
smooth, white, aodding, on very short pedicels, each of which has
a lanceolate Uracte at the base, and two minute alternate ones a
little above it. Calyx persistent, semi-inferior, ovate, marked as
wellas the corolla and bractes with the peculiar elevated, glandular,
broadish, unequal, brown lines, which are observable in all the spe-
cies of this genus, and which Mr. Brown describes as belonging to
most members of the family of Myrsinee ; lacing ovate, acute, mem-
brane-margined, ciliate—Tube of the corolla ventricose, twice as
long as the calyx ; dacinie@ rounded, ciliate, with radiating veins. Sta-
mina a little shorter than the corolla—Ovarium round, nearly
smooth, one-celled, with numerous ovula attached to the free, erect,
pedicelled placenta. Sty/e thickish, short. Stigma divided into three
subulate lobes.— Berry inferior, round, smooth, white, of the size
of a pepper corn, crowned with the five laciniz of the calyx, which
connive towards the persistent base of the style. Seeds exceedingly
numerous and minute, cuneiform, immersed in the faveoiate sur-
face of the fleshy globular placenta.—N. W.

7. B. (Maesa) macrophylla, Wall.

Arboreous, densely villous. Leaves ovate, sub-cordate, very
soft on both sides, obtuse or acute, strongly dentate. Panzcles ax-
illary and terminal. .

This fine species grows in various parts of Nipal. I have found
it at Hetounra and on Chundra-girt; it has likewise been brought to
me from Noakote and from Muabhwnjun at the foot of Sheopore, to
the N.—The time of blossoming differs of course considerably accor
ding to these different stations, from April to July ; the fruit ripens
in September— December.

A tree of from eight to ten feet in height, ramous and spreading.

Branches round, villous, chiefly while young, and then ferruginous.

Bacobotrys, PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIAs 235

Leaves broad-ovate, with a rounded sub-corda‘e or entire base, acute,
someiimes blunt, from six to twelve inches long, strongly marked with
unequal, cuspidate teeth, densely villous on both sides, greyish ; nerves
on the under surface elevated, parallel. Pefioles round, chanvelled,
villous, one or two inches long.—Panicles axillary and tesminal,
ovate, tapering into an acumen, peduucled, mostly equalling, some-
times exceeding the length of the leaves, rarely sl:orter, villous, con-
sisting of slender, simple, many-flowered racemes, measuring from
two to four inches in length.— Flowers white, smaller than those of
the preceding species, with which they otherwise perfectly agree.
Berry also smalier; seeds rather larger, blackish.

Obs. When growing in rich situations, especially when in fruit, it
is exceedingly like a Callicarpa.—N. W.

8. B. (Maesa) dubia, Wall.

Shrubby? Leaves ovate, acuminate, grossly serrate, nearly smooth!
Panicles axillary, racemose, equalling the leaves.

Gathered by the late Dr. Benj. Heyne at Wynaad and Coorg,
in blossom in the month of December. ‘There is no name, but a
good generic character attached to his specimens.

This species comes nearer to the figure of Vahl’s B. lanceolata,
than to Roxburgh’s indica; differing perbaps only in the much more
strongly dentate leaves.—Branches very slender, ash-coloured,
with small dots, scarcely pubescent.—Leaves approximate, ovate,
acuminate, grossly and acutely serrate, sub-acute at the base,
about five inches long, smooth above, the nerves slightly reticulat-
ed beneath.—Petzols about an inch long.—Panicles axillary, shorts
peduncled, equalling the leaves, consisting of several simple,
almost filiform, pubescent racemes; the terminal one tonger than
the rest, measuring three or four inches.—Flowers smooth, remarka-
bly small, in every other respect like those of the preceding species,

—N. W.
Dd2

See PRNTANDRIA MONOGYNTA, Verbascum,

VERBASCUM. Schreb. Gen. N. 331.

Corol rotate, somewhat unequal. Capsules superior, two-celled,
two valved.

1. V. Thapsus. Willd, spec. i. 1001.

Leaves decurrent, downy on both sides. Stem simple.

Found by Captain Hardwick amongst the mountains on his tour
to Shreenugura. [a the botanic garden at Calcutta it grows to the-
height of from six to eight feet, the stem still perfectly straight, but
often ramous ; it blossoms during the cold season.

Obs by N. W.

This appears to be a distinct species, which I propose calling V.
andizcum, and which may be thus characterised: The whole plant
densely hoary. Leaves decurrent, elliptic-oblong, acuminate, grossly
crenate, waved. aceme spiked, dense, elongated, marked with vas
riously bent, large, acuminate bractes. Laciniz of the corolla neare
ly equal, rounded; two longer filaments perfectly smooth.

J found it in abundauce on the most exposed and naked parts of
Ek-dunta between Koola-kana and Bheempadé in Nipal. | have
also had it from Gosain-Than, In the former situations it blossoms
jn the cold weather from December to March, in the latter during
the rains.

Root strong, woody, fibrous. Sfem nearly simple, straight, stronge
ly winged, from two to three feet high in the wild state, much taller
when cultivated; very thick; it is densely covered, as are all the
other parts, with greenish white, soft, stellate tomentum.—Leaves
from oblong to obovate, mostly ending ina very long, slender acumen,
the lowermost from one to two feet long, and from four to six inches
broad, never obtuse ; the others gradually decreasing in size, and wave
ed; they are all strongly crenate; the uppermost sub-ovate, resem-
bling the bractes.—Raceme from one to three feet long, with innumera=

%..
HAyoscyamus. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 437

ble yellow, fragrant flowers ; the lowermost fascicles remote. Outer
bractes very large, spreading aud conspicuous, varlously bent aud
waved, acuminate, much longer than the flowers; juner ones oblong,
equalling the calyx.—Corolla sub-rotate, with ovate, obtuse lacinia,
a little villous on the outside. Two longer fi/aments perfect y smooth,
the others woolly. Anthers of a vivid red colour, renifo:m.—Cap-
sule large, slightly woolly.—N. W.

HYOSCYAMUS, Linn.

Corolla infundibuliform, obtuse. Stamina bent inwardly. Cape

sule operculate, two-celled.

1. 1. niger, Linn.

Leaves sivuate, stem-clasping ; flowers sessile,

Native place, the west and north parts of Hindoosthan. My wor-
thy friend Major-General Hardwick informs me that it grows wild
between Futtehgur and the artillery practice-ground at Dela to
the westward, whence he brought the seeds to Cawnpore. _— Seeds
were sent down to me from Moradabad, in 1815, by the Marchio-
ness of Hastings, the noble patroness of the Agriculture and Botany
of this country, to whose warm and successful, but most unosten-
tatious exertions to improve and promote the husbandry and _ horti-
culture of the Indian empire, of which I have been an eye witness
for several years past, while India possessed that illustrious lady, L
am proud to seize this opportunity of bearing the amplest testimo-
ny.* We have ever since cultivated it in the botanic garden, for the
purpose of supplying annually the Hon. Company’s dispensary at
Calcutta with the herb for preparing the extract, which as well as

* T am happy in this opportunity of corroborating this testimony to the zeal of the Mar
ehioness of Hastings in promoting the agriculture and botany of India, and of saying that
the zeal and abilities of my much esteemed friend Dr. Wallich in these pursuits had gained
him a very high degree of the confidence and esteem of both the Marquis and Marchio-
ness. Ed,

’

~

238- PENTANDRIA MONOCYNIA. Daturas

the plant itself perfectly agree with those of Europe. It blossums
in January and February; the seeds ripen in Aprii.—It showid be
sown in October,—N. W.,

DATURA. Schreb. Gen. N. 352.

Corol infundibuliform, plaited. Calyr tubular, angular, decidu.
ous. Capsule fourevalved.

1. D. fastuosa, Willd. spec. i. 1008. Fleming in Asiat. Res. xi.
Annual, coloured. Leaves with the two sides unequally ovale,
margins repand, lobate. Flowers double. Jvruié round, echinate,
drooping:
Sane. HUY Krishnadhoortooruka, fary:, Snzgdha, UTR,
Kunuka, Q@faq:, Suchiva, Txa:, Shiva, FVUH:, Krishnupooshpa,

faarctfa:, Visharatz, ALIACA:, Kroorudhoortturuka, TIAA

Za:, Rajudhoortturuka, CHT, Rajudhoortta, WETHRS:, Mu-
hashutha, faauqaT:, Nistrinupooshpuka, Y[=a:, Bhranta.

Beng. Kala- Dhootoora.

Stramonia indica tertia, s. Datura rubra, Rumph. amb. v. 243.
PBT S42.

A native of various parts of India, It flowers during the rainy
and cool season. ‘The dry root smoked is said to relieve spasmo-
dic asthma.

2. D. Metel, Willd. spec. 1009. Fleming, Ibid. 165.
Annual. Leaves with the two sides unequally ovate, margins
repand-lobate. Fruit round, spinous.

Sung. Gat, Oonmutta, taaa, Kituva, Wu, Dhoortta,
Far, Dhoostoora, WATE, Dhoostoora, ak) Dhoottoora,
FITS, Matoola, H&A:, Muduna, GARE, Chooskura, {6:, Shu-

>

Datura. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. | 289

tha, ATTA, Matooluka, TITR:?, Shyama, {LITUT: , Shivushe-

khura, waa, Khurjjoogna, QTEATT A, Kabhunupooshpa, Gq
in ~

ACH a:, Khunakuntuphula, HVEA:, Mobuna, UAHA,

Khunubhonmuttushiva, ACiaTSt, Muhamohee, f&qtaa:, Shi-
vapriya, and all the names of Gold,

Beng. Dhootoora.

Stramonia indica prima, seu Datura alba, Rumph. amb. v. 242.
Pei 7.

Hummatu, Rheed. mal. ii. 47. €. 28.

Very common every where over India; produces flowers -and
seed the whole year,

Additions by N. W.

3. D. Stramonium, Linn.

Leavis ovate, smooth, angular, dentate. Capsules spinous, erect,
“ovate. .

Var. 8 canescens, Wall. The whole plant pubescent, glaucous, pale.

Parbutteeya, Muhadeo-Soa.

A native of ali the mountainous parts of the north of Hindoosthan,
I have found it on all the parts of Nipal which I have visited, both
mountains and valleys, affecting precisely similar situations to those
occupied by the plant in Europe, and blossoming all the year roun2,

It rises to the height of from two to five feet, with a thick, solid,
dichotomous, angular stem, and roundish branches, which are cover-
ed with glaucous pubescence, giving the whole a pallid appearance,
Leaves broad-ovate, from six to eight inches. long, sinuate, and
lobed, acuminate, very unequal atthe base, one side being much
shorter, pubescent aud pale above, smooth underneath, except
along the prominent rib and nerves; lobes large, acute. Petiols
thick, round, three inches long, slightly sulcate and pubescent.—
Flowers axillary and from the bifurcations, erect, four inches long,
short-peduncled, Calyx pubescent, membranous, very pallid,
oblong, an inch and haf long, with five very prominent angles,

240 PENTANDRIA MONCGYNIA. Physalis.

=

and concave sides; mouth divided into five ovate, acute, keeled
teeth. Corolla yel.owish-white, smooth ; tube cylindric, twice the
length of the calyx; limb spreading, nearly two inches in diame-
ter, with five distant, longish, incurved teeth.—Capsule ovate, obtuse,
four-furrowed, erect, pubescent, short-peduneied, two inches long,
well furnished with strong spines of unequal length, supported by
the persistent. bottom of the calyx, which is reflexed, truncated,
anoular, having four excavations underneath ; divided from top to
bottom into four valves, four-celied, apex itself two-celled. Seeds —
black, compressed, ovai-renifarm, smooth, rugose and dotted.

Obs. My most respected friend Dr. J. Fleming is mistaken in
excluding D. Stramonium from this country (see his interesting ca-
talogue quoted above, and the separate Svo edition, p. 18). 1 dare
not venture to separate my plant from that species, except asa varie
ety, distinguished by its greater size, pale glaucous.co!our and pube-
scence: the flower is always sing-e and of a yeilowish white colour,
possessing strongly the smellof the parent pant. Itapproaches to
Tatula in stature, but differs in the colour of the stem and flower.

—N. W.

PHYSALIS. Schreb. Gen. N. 336,

Calyx gibbous, five-toothed. Corol rotate. Berry superior,
within the inflated calyx, two-celled, many-seeded.

1. P. fleruosa, Willd. spec. 1. 1020.
Shrubby ; branches flexuose. Leaves oblong, often paired. Flow.

ers axillary, crowded, sessile.
Pevetti, Rheed, mal. iv. 113. ¢, 55.
Beng. Ushwa-gundha.
Teling. Penneroo.
This perennial species is to be found in alinost every soil and

situation. Flowers all the year round,

Physalis. ~PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. OAL

Stems several, erect, shrubby, flexuose, two-forked, round,
downy. Leaves double, short-petioled, ovate, a little scolloped,
downy, from two to four inches long.— Flowers axillary, sub-sessile,
crowded, small, greenish.—Corol campanulate.—Ancthers split at
the base.— Berry red, smooth, size of a pea.

The Telinga Physicians reckon the roots alexipharmic ; indeed
they are all much addicted to the belief of such powers being pres
sent in a great variety of their simples; hence the name Naga, (i, e.
the hooded snake, Coluber Naga of Linneus) being so often aunexed
to that of various plaats. ‘They are as fond of the study of anti-
dotes as the Greek or Roman Physicans were, which will appear
the less surprizing if we consider the great number of poisonous
animals and plants which abound in the warmer part of Asia,
to the dreadful effects of which, they are very often eye-witnesses_
It is therefore very natural for them to attend much more to this
branch of medicme than is done in cold climates, where there is

scarcely an animal of which the bite or sting can be said to be
mortal.

2. P. Alkekengi, Willd. spec. i. 1022.

Herbaceous ; branches straggling. Leaves in pairs, entire, and
somewhat angular.

A native of Persia, In the botanic garden at Calcutta it flows
ers during the cool season, but does not thrive in Bengal.

3. P. peruviana, Willd. spec. i. 1022.

Biennial or perennial, very ramous, diffuse, pubescent. Leaves
double, or single, and then with a branchlet; cordate, dentate.
Flowers solitary, drooping. Stigma two-cleft.

P. edulis, Sims Bot. mag. 1068. 1 concur with the author, in refer
ing P. pubescens to the same species.

Beng. Tepuriya.

I have only found this in a cultivated state and that on account

of its large, yellowish, palatable berries ; although uaturally peren-
Ee

248 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIAs Physalis.

nial, yet the plants are reared annually from seed, as they are not
fruitful after the first year. ‘The same is the case with the Capsicums
and the many varieties of Solanum Melongena.

Obs. by N. W.

In India where every thing that serves to remind us of Europe
is cherished, this fruit is ealled Gooseberry, and with an effort of
‘the imagination it may tolerably well pass for a real one, as it
possesses a faint resemblance to the flavour of that fruit. It is
as large as a full-sized cherry, globular, yellow, and at length orange-
colored. — Its taste is pleasantly acid, which renders it peculiarly
suited for tarts. It is always served on the table enveloped and
nearly concealed in the arid membranous calyx. The Hina? name

is Mako.—N. W.

4. P. minima, Willd. spec. 1. 1024.

Annual, ramous, downy. Leaves double or single, and then with
a branchlet, ovate, irregularly dentate. Flowers solitary, crect. Séig-
mas entire. Fruit pendulous.

Inota-Inodien, Rheed. mal. x. ceu-Mocte, 139. t. 70.

Beng. Bun Tepuriya.

Hind. Yoolati-pats.

A small ramous annual, common on eultivated ground, bothia
Bengal and on the coast of Coromandel.

Stem short, but distinct; branches many, two-forked, striated, a
httle downy.—Leaves double, except at the divisions of the branch-
lets, where they are single, the smaller branchlets occupying the
place of the other; unequal, petioled, cordate, irregularly toothed,
downy on both side; from two to four inches long. — Peduncles
solitary, axillary, erect, one-flowered. Flowers small, campanulate,
uniform pale yellow, and smooth.— filaments a little hairy, yellow.

5. P. stramonifolia, Wall.
Perennial? dichotomous, villous, while young densely tomentese

we

Physalis: PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIAs 943

and ferruginous. Branches angular. Leaves geminate, ovate, elliptic
acute, repand-lobed, attenuate at the base, villous underneath. Fruit.
bearing calyx erect, very large, coriaceous, oblong, ten-nerved, ten-
keeled, with rounded lobes.

A native of Gosain-Than in the Himaluya; my people brought’
fiuit-bearing specimens to me in August and October.

Branches strong, angular, slightly ferruginous and villous, dicho«
tomous, while young densely covered with ferruginous, mealy, sepa-
rable tomentum. Leaves elliptic-ovate, geminate, one of the pair
froin six to seven inches long, the other twice or thrice smaller ; acute,
unequally sinuate or sub-entire ; sides pretty equal, as is also the ate
tenuate, acute base; smoothish above, densely villous underneath,
especially while young; reticulate with strongly marked rib and
nerves. Petiol round, villous, partially margined from the sub-
decurrent base of the leaf, the larger two inches, the smaller half an
inch long.— Peduneles intevaxillary, ascending or spreading, a little
more than an inch jong, round, sometimes club-shaped, sparingly vil-
lous.— Capsule erect, smooth, globular, as large as a good-sized cherry,
two-celled, many-seeded, sessile, and concealed within the enlarged
calyx, which is oblong.ovate, ventricose, two inches long, coriaci-=
ous, arid, villous, strongly marked with ten large, prominent ribs,
rugose and reticulate; its mouth rather narrower, divided into five
broad, obtuse, rounded lobes.—Seeds exceedingly copious, reniform,
as large as those of the Mandragora, which they also resemble in
structure ; brownish black, minutely punctulate, attached to a large
scrobiculate, rounded receptacle.

Obs. | have only seen fruit-bearing, herbaceous branches of this
singular species; the root is probably perenvial. The recent plant
is somewhat viscous and possesses a peculiarly nauseous smell, not
very different from that of fresh tobacco leaves.— All the tender parts

are densely clothed with mealy, ferruginous, loose tomentum.—N, W.
Ee2

ri Wa PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Solanum.

SOLANUM. Schreb. Gen. N. 387.

Calyx five-parted. Corol rotate. Anthers coalescent, gaping at

the top with a double pore. Berry superior, two-celled, many-
seeded. ,

Sect. 1st. Unarmed. —
1. S. pubescens, Willd. spec. i. 1026.
Sub-arboreous, unarmed. Leaves alternate, oblong, pointed, ens
tire, downy, Cymes dichotomous.
Gandira* the Sanscrit name, see Asiat. Res. iv. 258.

=—~ ° os ? °
Sriag, yaewat Shwetuvrihutee, WaAASATATL Shwetumuhutz-
k wes cx al . 2 =~ ~ — S
a, watdts, Shwetus¢nghee, Q@AMAT, Shwetuphula, VaaTat
Gat, Shwetuvarttakinee.
Beng. Urusa.
Teling. Rusa-ghedi maun.
Amongst the mountains in the Telinga country this grows to be

a small or middle-sized tree, with a very thick shady head. Flowers
during the hot season.

Leaves alternate, short-petioled, oblong, entire, downy, from six
to ten inches long.—Cymes terminal or leaf-opposed, two-cleft; ra-

‘mifications recurved.— Flowers small, white, very numerous.—Berry
the size of a cherry.

Obs, by N.W.

I strongly suspect that Roxburgh is mistaken in considering this
to be Willdenow’s pubescens.—It is a plant which | have found very
common in valleys and on the sides of the lower mountains of Nipal,

_ where it blossoms all the year round, I have likewise had it from the
N. W. mountains of Hindoosthan ; and from Shreenugur, where the
plant ts called Fas, Ushedu. It agrees perfectly with S. cerbascifoe

* This name probably belongs to some other species. Ed.

Solanum. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. . 945

lium, Linn. which has been well described by Poiret, in Encycl, bot.
iv. 279, and by Loureiro, flor. cochinch, ed, Willd, 1. 159.—N. W.

2.8. auriculatum, Willd. spec. i. 1025.

Sub-arboreous, every part downy. Leaves broad-lanceolate,
entire. Slipu/es axillary, obliquely ovate-cordate. Cymmes in the
forks of tne branchlets, dichotomous,

A native of Mauritius, and introduced by Captain Tenant, into
the Botanic Garden at Calcutta; where it blossoms during the rainy
and cold seasons, aud continues to ripen its fruit from December till
May.

Stem nearly erect, in six years as thick as a man’s leg, and about
eight feet high.* Bark smooth, ash-coloured. Branches dichoto=
mous, spreading much. @ranchlets and all the tender parts most
completely clothed with sessile and pedicelled, hoary, stellate pu-
beceence: —Leaves alternate, petioled, broad-lanceolar, tapexing to
a rather obtuse point, entire; clothed underneath like the branvch-
lets ; upper surface a little hairy ; from four to eight inches long, and
two or three broad.— Petiols channelled, downy like the branchlets.
—Stipules in sessile, axillary pairs, obliquely ovate-cordate, large,
and recurvate round the branchlets, looking more like small com-
mon leaves than stipules.—-Cymes in the forks of the branchlets
long-peduncled, dichotomous. Ramaofications recurvate, sub-secund.
— Flowers numerous, subsessile, small, lively blue-purple.— Berry
spherical, size of a small cherry, when ripe of a dull yellow.

Obs. Independently of the colour of the flowers, the stipule or
axillary leaves render this species readily known; in all other respects
it almost exactly resembles the preceding; in that plant there are no
stipul, and the lowers are white.

5.8. Lycopersicum, Willd. sp. i. 1083.

Annual. Leaves pinnate, gashed. Racemes bipartile, leafless,
Fruit smooth, vertically compressed, torulose.

* I had a plant sixteen feet high which was not more than eight years old. £d,

Bie PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Solanum

Pomum amoris, Rumph. amb. v. t. 154. f. 1.

Although this is now very common in India, I suspect it is as little
@ native as the common Potatoe, which is now very generally cul-
tivated over India, even by the natives for their own use.

Obs. by N. W.

The potatoe is very generally and successfully cultivated in the
valley as well as on the lower hills of Nipal so ag to afford fresh
crops the whole year round. The roots are planted in February,
dune and November, and are gathered after three months. i

4.8. rubrum, Willd. sp. i. 1034.

Annual, erect, unarmed. Branches somewhat angular. Leaves
ovate, dentate, lobate. Umbels short-peduncled. lowers and
berries drooping.

Beng. Goorkhi.

Neen tsjunda, Rheed. mal, x. t. 73.

A common weed in gardens ail over India, with flowers and ripe
seed the whole year round.

Seeds received from the Mauritius under the name of So'anum noe
diflorum, (Willd. sp. 1. 1035,) produced this very plant.’ On that
Island it 1s called Brede, and very generally cultivated as a pot herb.

Obs. by N. W.

The red variety of S. nigrum I have frequently met with on un«
cultivated places, among rubbish, in Nipal, both in the valley and
on the sides of hills and mountains, at a considerable elevation. At
a place called Mareko 1 have found a variety which answers exactly
to Willdenow’s S. nigrum var. me/anocerasum.—At the isle of France
there are two varieties of nigrum cultivated and very generally eaten
‘boiled in broth, or as a vegetable curry. Itis considered 4 Wholesome
food of which I have often partaken with impunity ; still I recollect
having seen one of the Aide de Camps of Sir R. T. Farquhar suffer

Solanum PENTANDRIA MONOGYNTA> e439

very seriously from the narcotic effects resulting from an incautious

use of it.—N. W.

£,S. decemdentatum, R.

Aunual, erect, ramous, hairy. Leaves mm pairs, or solitary with
abranchilet, ovate. Pedancles axillary, from two to six together,
one-flowered. Ca/yx tenstoothed.

A native of China; from thence introduced into the botanic yar
den at Ca.cutta, where it blossoms and ripens its berries most parts
of the year. It has the habit of a robust, pubescent variety of So-
lanum nigrum.

Stems annual, nearly ereet, with alternate, flexuose, pubescent,
round branches and branchlets ; general height two or three feet.—
Leaves in pairs or single, and accompanied with a branchlet, petio-
led, ovate-oblong, somewhat acute, villous.— Peduncles axillary, from
two to six together, one-flowered, drooping when in blossom.— Calyz
ten-toothed, pubescent.— Berries the size of a pea, smooth, bright
red, when ripe

Obs. by N. W.

I have found this plant or one exceedingly like it at Singapore,
in flower and fruitin September. It differs only in being a little
hairy, and comes near to S. Rumphit, Dunal, which is Halicacabus
gndicus minor niger. Rumph. amb. vi. 61. ¢. 26. f. 1.—N. W.

6.5. spirale, R.

Shrubby, void of pubescence. Leaves paired, lanceolar, entire.
Racemes :atera!, the unexpanded part spualiy revolute. Segmenés
of the calyx glandular.

Bugua is the vernacular name in Silhet, where it ts indigenous,
and in flower and fruit at various times of the year. Though rather
{fetid it is an ornamental species on account of its smooth, deep green
leaves; spiral racemes of pretty white flowers; and numerous small,
pound, yellow berries.

248 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Solanum.

Sect. 2nd. Armed.

7.8. Melongena, Willd. sp.i. 1036.

Perennial. Leaves obliquely-ovate, downy, scallop-lobed. Fertile
flowers solitary, long-peduncled, drooping; the barren ones om small
sacemes, rut oval, smooth.

Sung. ata, Vartta, aU, Varttakoo, ATTA; Varttaka, aret
ar, Varttakee, tegat, Hingovlee, fet, Singhee, wwerat, Bhan.
takee, euaiuat, Dooshprudharshinee, Fa, Bunguna, FF,
Bunga.

Beng. Begoon

find. Bangan.

Teling. Waugkaz.

Nila-Barudena, RAeed. mal. x. 147. t. 74.

‘Trongum hortense, Rumph. amb. v. 238. t. 85.

Of this very universally useful, esculent species, there are many
varieties cultiyated in India. ‘The plants are annually renewed
from seed, though all the varieties are perennial ; but like the Cap-
sicums not so productive after the first year. They continue to
Dossom and bear fruit the whole year, but chiefly during the cold

season, In Bengal, in a rich soil, they have very few prickles, but
in a poor one many.

b

8. 5S. longum, R.

Perennial. Leaves irregularly ovate, scalloped. Fruit cylindri<
cal, smooth; calyx sometimes armed.

Sung. Rat, Koolee.

Beng. Kooli-begoon.

Neer Wanga is the Telinga name of the plant, and Neer Wangkas
the fruit.

Long Brinjal of Europeans.

1 consider this to be a species clearly distinct from melongena, for
the fruit is always cylindiical, never clanging by culture into any
other form, ‘The plantis biennial, and in every respect like Me-

Solanum. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 249

longena, the fruit excepted. I have only met with it in gardens, where
it is cultivated for the table, and have had it nine years in mine with-
out producing any change in it. The cold season is the proper time
for rearing them.

The plants will exist several years, but are either dug up or neg-
lected after the first.

Stem short, erect, somewhat woody. Branches numerous, spread-
ing, two-forked, downy, sometimes prickly ; the whole plant is from
two to three feet high.— Leaves alternate, petioled, oblong, scollop-
ed, or sub-lobate, downy; from six to ten inches long ; sometimes
the principal nerve is prickly on the underside.— Flowers bowing,
large, of a beautiful, bright bluish-purple, they are of two kinds,
abortive with a minute pistil on a small raceme or umbellet; and a
single fertile one upon its own preper petiol, which generally stands
imniediately below or close by the peduncle of the racemes.—Ca/yxr
and petiols sometimes prickly.— Berry pendulous, cylindric, generally
a little curved, but never in the least clubbed, smooth ; yellow ; from
nine to eighteen inches long, and from one and half to two and a
half in diameter, it is generaliy three-celled.

9. S. insanum, Willd. sp. i. 1037.

Perennial, (in a poor soil) armed. Leaves ovate, sinuate, downy,
Peduncles from one to four-flowered. Calyx often armed. Fruit
from oval to spherical, polished.

A native of Amboyna, yet I doubt whether Rumphius’s Tron-
gum hortensi can be any other than the real Indian melongena. From
the same Island, the seeds of a variety of the above, (insanum) were
brought to the botanic garden at Calcutta. | Their plants are more
spinous, and the fruit perfectly round, white, and smooth, almost the
size of a small Crab-apple. ‘This | take to be Rumphius’s Trongum
agreste, vol. v. p. 240. t: 86. f. 1. and so faras my observation ex-

tends it 1s not cultivated on the continent of India.
Fe

25f PENTANDRIA MONOGYNITA, Solanum,

10. S. ethiopicum, Willd. sp.i. 1036.

Annual, scarcely armed. Leaves oval, repand, downy. Peduncles
one-flowered. Berries red, smooth, depressed, five-lobed.

From the Mauritius, where it is said to be indigenous, it has been
introduced into the botanic garden at Calcutta, where it grows to
the height of about two feet, with many spreading branches, clothed
with short stellate pubescence, and here and there a small straight
prickle ; flowers white, and appear at ali seasons.

11. S. diffusum, R.*

Diffuse, perennial, prickly. Leaves oval, deeply scolloped, downy
and prickly on both sides. Peduncles and calyces prickly. Berries
round.

Solanum incanum chinense, Pluck. Alm. 62. f. 1.

Sung. AYA, Surputunco, BECAT, Kshurika, GtTABAT, Pee-
tutundoola, FAWET, Pootrupruda, AMAT, Buhoophula, Tifaat,
Godhinee, made Tat, Kuputeshwuree, farqt, Kinna, ASAT
at, Kutoovarttakee, aa, Kshetruja.

Teling. Nella Mollunga.

This is by far the most common species I know; every soil and
situation seems to suit it equally well; it is in flower all the year
round, and often perennial.

Siem none, but numerous irregular, woody, diffuse, two-forked
branches spread on the ground, or near it; young shoots covered
with stellate down; all the branches thickly armed with strong, sharp,
compressed, somewhat recurved prickles.— Leaves alternate, petiol-
ed, oval, much scolloped, or slightly lobate ; both sides covered with
stellate down, and the veins armed with straight prick!es.— Flowers
as in S. longum, except that here the raceme is sometimes wanting.
—Berry perfectly globular, smooth, about an inch in diameter,
colour varying according as they have been exposed to the sun, or
sheltered ; in the former case they are yellow, in the latter white;

* Seems to be S, agreste, Roth, nov. sp. 130.—N. W.

Solanum! PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. O5k

the Telinga people give the name of nella mollunga to the former,
and ¢ella mollunga to the latter.

Obs. The fruits are much esteemed by the natives; all tribes eat
them freely in their curries, for which reason the plant is often found
cultivated in the Circars.

There is another sort, so exceedingly like this in almost every
respect, that it was long before I discovered they were distinct;
the chief distinguishing marks are, the leaves in this are longer,
smoother, and deeply lobated, with the lobes sometimes scolloped,
or sub-lobate, and the prickles much more numerous, longer, shar-

per and all perfectly straight.

12.S, Jacquini, Willd. sp, i. 1041,

Biennial, armed, angular, creeping. Leaves oblong-laciniate, arm-
ed on the sides with straight spines. Calyx armed. Berries globu-
lar, smooth, variegated.

Sung. fafetrrat, Nidigdhika, fafergt, Nirdigda, ext, Spri-
shee, Sax, Doosspursha, @tat Vyaghree, Seat, Vrihutee,
awentteat, Kunthukarika, AWATaeY, Kuntukaree, AQTARL
Kunthalika, quetfarat, Kunthakince, FatTeat, Pruchodunee, AAT,
Koolee, WAT Kshoodra, ctfSat, Rashtrika, BYTaat Dhavunee,
zy yfuat, Dooshprudhurshinee, WAH CERT, Kshoodrukuntéka,
asa, Buhookunta, Wa ALL, Kshoodrukunta, Qa WAT

Kshoodruphuia, TaAAMaL Chitraphula,

Beng. Kanthakaree,

A native of Bengal, where itis generally found on road sides near
villages. IJtisin blossom, and produces ripe fruit most part of the year.

Root at least biennial,—Siem none, but several, flexuose, ramaqus
branches, spreading close on the ground, for an extent of some feet,
piten striking root at the insertion of the leaves; angular, nearly
yoid of pubescence,—Leaves frequently in pairs, oblong, pinnatifid,

Rf2

953 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Solanum:

or laciniate, smooth, but armed on both sides with long, strong,
straight spines.—Racemes between the leaves, and almost as long,
bearing four, five, or six alternate, pedicelled, large, bright blue
flowers.—Calyx armed with straight spines.—Berries spherical,
Size of a large gooseberry, very sinooth, drooping, while immature
variegated with green aud white, when ripe with different shades of
yellow only. ;

13, S. indicum, Willd. sp. i. 1042.

Shrubby, armed, very ramous. Leaves ovate, lobate, downy;
armed on both sides. Racemes leaf-opposed. Calyx armed. Berries
erect, round, smooth.

Sung. Feat, Viebutee, Featareat, Mubuteckranta, aaa,
Varttakee, fest, Suighzka, aut, Koolee, Si ateat, Sourashe
traka, WRT, Sthoolukunta, azetat, Bhuntakee, Waa ars
Kshoodrubhuntakee, @=a=at, Buhooputree, RA, Kuntutunvo,
ATA Kuntaloo, RSA, Kutwula, aIcaUt, Pdtunces aasaTa
Vunuvrintakee, WaT, Muhutee, aster, Muhotee, awelfcat,
Muhotika, tege? Hingoolee, CTTSaAT, Rashtrika, seas Sin
ghee, eayfent, Dooshprudhurshinee.

ee Vyakool, Vyakoor, Goorkamai.

Cheru-chunda, Rheed. mal. ii. t. 36.

Solanum fructescens, &c. Burm. Zeyl, p. 220. ¢. 102, is a pretty
good representation of this plant, but [ think Dillentus’s S. indicum
spinosum flore boragineo ¢.270. f. 349. must have been taken from
a very different species, the flowers beg much too large, and the
Jeaves too deeply divided for our East Indian plant.

Trunk trifling, but the branches are numerous, ligneous, and pes
yennial, forming a large, very ramous shrub of several feet in height,
armed with numerous very acute, somewhat recurved spines; the
young parts are downy.— Leaves solitary, or in pairs, petioled, ovates
lobate, downy, and armed with afew straight spines op both sideg,

Solanum. FENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 253

from two to four inches lonz.— Racemes between or opposite to the
leaves, supporting several long-pedicelled, middle-sized, pale blue
flowers.—Calyx deeply five-cleft, armed.—Berries erect, round,
smooth, size of a marrowfat pea; while immature variegated with
deeper and lighter green, when ripe with deep orange yellow,

Obs. by N. W.

I have found it at Penang aad Singapore. At Silhet it is com.
mon.—N, W.

14. S. trilobatum, Willd. sp. i. 1049.

Shrubby, scandent, armed with recurved, acute prickles, Leaves
ovate, three-, four-, or five-lobed, smooth. Rucemes terminal, or
between the leaves, Berrtes drooping, round, smooth.

Leling. Oochinta-kura, kura means esculent, the leaves being one
of their favorite pot-herbs.

Solanum érilobatum, Burm. ind. 55, €. 22. f. 2.

Compare with Lamark’s S. acetosifoliun.

A native of the Coast of Coromandel, particularly the northern
Circars where it is found in abundance oa the road sides, running
over bushes, upon low trees, or whatever support it meets; for it is
by far too long and slender to support itself. In flower and seed
the whole year, é

Stems and larger branches ligneous, scandent; armed with numer-
us, very sharp, recurved prickles, otherwise perfectly smooth ;
general extent from one to two fathoms, and often very ramous.—-
Leaves scattered, remote, petioled, sub-ovate, three-, four-, or five-
lobed, smooth, of a shining green on both sides.—Peézols and veins
armed.—Peduncles \eaf-opposite, solitary, or accompanied with a
single, one-flowered pedicel; armed ; few-flowered.— flowers large,

bluish-purple-—Germ two-celled.— Berries of the size and appear=_

ance of a red currant, smooth, drooping.

15. S. hirsutum, R.
Annua! or biennial, ramous, prickly, and hairy, Leaves double,

254 PENTANDRIA MONOGYN&A. Solanum,

one of the pair smaller, ovate-cordate, angle.lobed, Calyx unarmed,
Berry round, very hairy, four-celled,

Ana-Chunda, Rheed. mal. ii, 65. tab. 35.

Sung. UASTAT, Chundralaea, aaat, Lukshmuna, waatq
it, Kshetrudootika, WATT, Gurbhuda, GAA, Chundrubha,

Al, Chandra, Qayat, Chundrupooshpa, Faaqy ct, Priyunkuree,
fre eae, Mee eluphals, ZlaT, Rama, faa, Situkunta,
AS ay, Muhoushudhee, Tet, peice aan Chundré-

ka, STS Chandree, aR, N akoolee, Saat; Doorlubha, CTT,
Rasna.

Beng, Ram-begoon:

Is a scarce plant, grows in the country about Calcutta, and is
found in flower and fruit in August. |

Root perennial.—-Stem scarcely any, but many sub-ligneous bran-
ches covered with much down, and armed with innumerable, small,
erect spines.— Leaves dquble, as in several of the Physalj ; petioled,
one of the pair always much larger than the other, but it is from
the axils of the smallest that the branchlets issue; they are obcore
date, irregularly angle-lobed ; the upper surface is thickly covered with
much erect, soft hair, on the undeyside it is more distinctly stellate,
and whitish ; nerve and larger veins armed on both sides with strong
straight prickles, the largest from six to nine inches long, and from
four to six broad, the smaller about half the size. —Petiols round,
hairy, prickly; those of the large leaves half their length, and colour-
ed on the upper side; those of the smaller ones about one-fourth
part of their length —Umbel generally opposite, and below the leaves,
simple, few-flowered.— Peduncles and pedicels short and hairy, but
not prickly.— Flowers white, pretty large —Calyx hairy, otherwise
unarmed,—Cerol yery hairy on the outside—Anthers sessile, coni-
cal. Germ hairy. — Berries the size of a nutmeg, round, very haisy,
four-celled, as in Datura.

Solanum. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 255

Obs. by N. I.

This is /astocarpum, Dun. which I have met with on sandy shores
at Penang and Singapore, blossoming from August to December.
I have also had specimens from Silhet, where it is called Goomeet.
I take Loureiro’s mammosum, fl. cochinch. ed. Willd. i. 162. (not Lin-
neus’s) to be this plant—N. W.

Additional species by N. W.
16. S. farinosum, Wall.

Shrubby. Branches armed with short, conical, straight prickles,
densely tomentose, mealy and white, as are also the under surface
of the leaves, the petiols, and inflorescence. SLeaves alternate, oblong:
lanceolate, entire, acuminate, smooth above, together with the pe-
tiols unarmed. Corymbs lateral, becoming terminal, dichotomous,
with nodding, tomentose flowers.—Calyz five-toothed. Berries round,
smooth.

Specimens are preserved in Dr. Heyne’s herbarium, labelled
“ §. argenteum ;—Babobad” which name has been applied already to
another species.

Appears to be a large shrub. Branches thick, woody, round, ir-
regularly beset with short, straight, slightly compressed prickles, which
are yellow and lucid at the apex; extremity thickly covered with
white, mealy, stellate, separable tomentum, as are also the petiols,
the under-side of the leaves, and the inflorescence; younger ones
unarmed.— Leaves alternate, approximate, oblong-lanceolate, from
six to eight inches long, finely acuminate, perfectly entire, acute at
the base, smooth above, very white and mealy underneath, with a
strong rib, alternate nerves and reticulate veins ; when young tomen-
tose on both sides.—Petiol from half an inch to an inch long,
sound.—Corymb lateral, becoming terminal, erect, peduncled,
dichotomous. Jowers very numerous, crowded, drooping, on short
peduncles.—Calyx five-toothed, acute, mealy, as is also the outside

256 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNITA. Solanum;

of the corolla; lacinia \anceolate, acute.—Anthers erect, conniving,
biporous.— Berry round, smooth, apparently yellow.—N. W.

17. S. stramonifolium, Jacqu.

Shrubby, erect. Branches, petiols and leaves sparingly beset with
strong, flattened prickles. Leaves alternate or geminate, ovate, uns
equally cordate, deeply sinuate-lobate, with stellate pubescence on
both sides. Corymbs lateral, bifid, unarmed, with glandular, slightly
viscous pubescence. Corolla flat, with undulate laciniz. Berry
round, smooth ; on thickened, clavate peduncles.

Beng. Gota begoon.

This is an exceedingly common plant in Bengal, where it grows
near the habitations of men; in blossom and fruit the whole ) ear.

Lam doubtful if this plant ought not rather to be referred to S.

torvum, Sw.—N. W.

18. S. crassipetalum, Wall.

Shrubby, erect, unarmed, Younger branches and leaves sub-villous,
Leaves elliptic-ovate, acuminate, irregularly repand, unequal, decurs
yent on their slender petiols; sometimes geminate. Lowers fascicled,
axillary. Corol/a very thick and fleshy, rotate, flat, Calyx campa=
nulate, with five subulate, remote teeth, intermixed with two or three
smaller ones. Berry round, smooth,

J found this on Chundra-girt and other, mountains in Nipal, in
flower during the rainy season.

A shrub, from one to three feet high. Branches dichotomous,
round, slightly flexuose, obscurely thickened at or under the inser-
tion of the petiols, pubescent, when young villous, with soft pellucid
articulated hairs. — Leaves alternate, sometimes geminate, from ovate
to elliptic, acuminate, margins entire, often irregularly repand, ci-
liate; sides unequal, one being frequently broader than the other,
base attenuate and acute; nerved and veined; pubescent above,
villous underneath; varying considerably in size, from five to nine
inches long.— Peééal au inch to two long, slender, furrowed, margin

Solanum. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 254

ed from the slightly decurrent base of the leaf.— Flowers axillary,
fascicled, nodding.— Peduncles villous, clavate, about an inch long,
six or eight in each axillai—Bractes none.—Calyx campanu-
‘late, truncate, five-toothed, villous, coloured; teeth long, subulate,
fleshy, distant, erect, sub-decurrent, mostly with two or three smaller
ones between them.—Corolla extremely thick and fleshy, smooth,
shining, purple or white, rotate, about five lines in diameter, rather
larger than the calyx, with a very short tube, and ovate, acute laci-
nia, which are valvate with introflexed margins during the aestivati-
ou.—Filaments very short, Anthers thick, biporous, erect, smooth,
purplish. —Ovarium oblong, smooth, bilocular. Stigma sub-capitate,
small.— Berry smooth, globular, bright scarlet, half an inch in dia-
meter, - ,

Obs. This species is remarkable on account of its exceedingly
thick and fleshy corolla, which is in general purplish, It varies much
in the size of all its parts, chiefly the leaves—N. W.

19. S. lysimachioides, Wall.

Sub-herbaceous, diffuse, creeping, pubescent, with adscendiug
branches. Leaves geminate, ovate, acute, entire. Flowers solitary,
interpetiolary, Calyx from eight to ten-toothed, teeth long, spread-

ing, unequal. Corolla large, flat, deeply divided. Berry globular, ©

soft, red.

S. biflorum, Lour. cochinch. ed. Willd, 1. 159

I have found this species on Sheopore, Chundra-gir7, and at Chit-
long, in flower during the rains, with ripe berries in January and
February,

Roots long, filiform, fibrous.— Sfems slender, round, creeping, as
well as the other parts sparingly beset with soft, spreading hairs;
branches ascending, filiform, simple, a foot or two long.— Leaves
in remote pairs, ovate, cuspidate-acute or sub-acuminate, acute af
the base, from one to two inches long; margins most entire, gibbous,
rather unequal, somewhat repand, ciliate, with capillary nerves and

G¢

558 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Solanum,

veins underneath ; pubescent on both sides; one of the pair generally
smaller than the other.— Pediol slender, an inch long, a little margin.
ed at top from the decurrent base of the leaf.— Flowers large, white,
sweetly fragiants a litile nodding.— Peduncles solitary between the
bases of the geminate petiols, shorter than they are, clavate, angular,
a little hairy —Calyr spindle-shaped, somewliat bairy, eight- or ten-
ribbed; eight- or ten-toothed ; teeth long, subulate, somewhat une=
qual. Corolla 'wice as large as the calyx, neatly an inch in diameter,
sub-carsacse, white, rotate, with a very short, purplish tube ; deeply
divided t»to five lanceolate, acute Jacinta, which have a few hairs om
the outsite, their base widened and obscurely auriculate or hastate,
the margins slightly inverted.—Authers large, erect, yellow, cons
Niving, biporous, on subulate, purple fi/aments.—Style capiliary,
considerably longer than the stamina.—S/7gma minute, round.
Berry scarlet, fleshy and soft, round, almost as large as a gooses
berry; its top pointed with the remainder of the style, its base
supported by the persistent calyx, apparently one-celled.—-Seeds nu-=
merous, white, smooth, dotted, compressed, sub-orbicular, with one
side nearly straight. Perisperm fleshy. Embryo cylindric, arcuatee
convolute.—N. W.

20. 8.? callicarpoides, Wail.

Arboreous, unarmed, densely heary with stellate tomentum,
Leaves broad-ovate, acuminate, entire,’ becoming smoother above;
sometimes opposite. Corymbs axillary, spreading. Calyx almost
entire. Berry fiveecelled ? ten-seeded?

Malay, Katipong bissee.

A native of Bencoolen, and found there by-the late Mr, Jack who
communicated the following description to me,

A tree. Branches hoary, with stellate tomentum, — Leaves alter-
nate, sometimes opposite, petiolate, large, broad-ovate, acuminate,
entire, the adult rather smooth above (the tomentum being decidue

ous), villous and hoary beneath.— Peduncles axillary, bearing large,

Capsicum. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, : 959

spreading corymbs (like some of the Callicorpa@) ; together with the
pedicels aud calyx covered with a furfuraceous tomentum, composed
of stellate hairs.—Bractes lincay.—Cualyx inferior, tubular, obsoletely
fiveatoothed. -Corol/a purplish, paler without; cube twice as long ag
the calyx; limb sub-erect, five-parted; segments vbicug.— Stamina
five, exsert, attached to the corolla. Anthers long, lmear, purple,
two-celled, opening at the top by two pores. Sty/e longer than the
stamina, clavate, somewhat declinate. Stigma truncate. Berry

superior, globular, five-celled? ten-seeded ?—Jack’s Mss.

Obs. by N. IV,

My late friend expressed considerable doubt respecting this plant
which he says has wonderfully the habit of a Callicaipa. The berries
were fer the most part so injured by an insect that he had d:fficul-
ty in accurate'y determining the number of their seeds. I have not
seen any specimen of it—_N. W.

CAPSICUM, Schreb. Gen. N. 338.

Corol wheel-shaped. Anthers converging. | Berry superior,
juiceless, from twe to three-celled.

1. C. purpureum, R.

Shiubby. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, Peduncfes solitary in the
divisions of the branchlets ; after the blossom drops erect. Berry
erect, ovate, dark purple.

In 1796, | found a single plant of this species in the Garden, but
from whence it came | could never learn: most likely from the
Moluccea Islands. The seeds have for these thirteen years continued
to produce, in all situations, plants exactly the same as the original
one; this circumstance, with the general colour and erect ovate fruit,

leaves little room to doubt its being a distinct species.
G g2

360 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Capsicum.

Stem short, branches numerous, dichotomous ; young shoots al-
most four-sided, and deeply tnged with dark purple; whole height
from two to four feet.— Leaves solitary at the divisions of the bran-
ches, or in pairs where the branches do not divide, petioled, ovate.
Janceolate ; they are also tinged with the prevailing dark purple co-
Jour of the whole plant, particularly the nerves and veims.— Pedun-
cles solitary 1m the divisions of the branches, as long as the petiols.
—Filowers a beautiful purple, drooping.—Berry ovate, erect, of a
daik-purple tillripe, then of a dull reddish colour, generally threes
celied, but the partitions are often discontinued towards the apex.

The envelope of the seed is rather less acrid than that of the other

sorts in use at our tables.*

2.C. annuum, Willd. sp. 1. 1050.

Shrubby. Leaves ovate-lanceolate. Peduncles solitary. Flowers
drooping, Fruit oblong, reflex.

This does not appear to be a native of India, as the Hindoos
have no name for it, nor is it even found in their gardens. Ln India
the Capsicums are all shrubby, but produce so badly after the first
year, and begin to look so scraggy, that they are seldom suffered to
xemaia longer than one season.

3. C. grossum, Willd. sp. i. 1051.

Shrubby. Leaves ovate-oblong. Pedunceles solitary, one- for aval
drooping. Fruit reflex, swelled into various shapes,
_ Beng. Kaffree-muiich. 3

Kaffree-chilly 1s the name by which this sort is generally known
amongst Europeans; the plant does not appear to me to be a native
ofindia. The thick fleshy skin of this species is but triflingly acrid,

and a palatable condiment is made of them.

* When the fruit is rabbed it smells something like the black currant; even the taste
has a faint resemblance to the flavonr of that fruit.—N. W.

+ This sort is so yenerally cultiyated in Nipal, as is also frulescens, that L believe them

- both to be natives of that country. The former bears very large and beautiful fruit,—N.« We

Strychnos. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 264,

4. C. frutescens, Willd. sp. 1. 105 1.

Shrubby. Leaves ovate-lanceolate. Peduncles solitary. lowers
drooping. rut iapering, curved, retlex.

Beng Lal yachh Lunka murich, or Lal Lunka marich.

Tiina, Lal gachh murich.

Vhere is a pointed variety, with the fruit yellow, or of a bright
orange colour when ripe, which the Hindocs call simply gachh murich,
it is the sort most used; particularly when dried, in which state it is
to be found in every maiket,

5.C minimum, R.

Shrubby. Leaves ovate-cordate. Peduncles in pairs. Flowers
drooping. Ca/yces with subulate, spreading teeth, Fruzé sub-cysin-
diic, erect.

Beng. Dhan Lunka murich.

East Indian Bird chilly or Cayenne-pepper capsicum.

6. C. cerasiforme, Willd. spec. i. 1051.

Shrabby, fruit globular.

IT doubt much whether this be a native of India, for I have only
found it in the gardens of the curious,

STRYCHNOS. Schreb. Gen. N. 339.

Calyx five-parted. Corod funnel-shaped. Germ two-celled,
ovula many, attached to the middle of the partition, Berry superior,
one-celled. Seeds nestling in soft pulp. Lmbryo furnished with a
perisperm, and the radicle pointing to the receptacle, now obliterate
ed (centripetal ) in ,

1. S, Nux-vomica, Willd. sp. i. 1052. Roxb. Corom. i, 4.
Leaves opposite, thrge- and five-neryed, oval, lucid. Berries
many-seeded,

262 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. | Strychnos,

Cariram, Rheed. mal. i. t. 37.
Sung.* <a TAR, eerghuputruka, Raa, Koopee!on, ATT
ute, Kalupecloo, aaa aR, Kalupeelooka, ATROT MA Kakue
peelooka, RAR, Kooluka, areataa a, Kalutindooka, faatare:,
>
Vasbutincoo, ANTE, Murkutatiudooka, RIAA, Kakue
tindooka, AUAEG, Kakendoo, WTA, Kakanda, RCA,
Ka anda, ATR, Kakusphoorjoo, @Ta(e:, Kalahwa, are
ata, Kauveejuka.

Beng. Koochala,

Leling. Musadi.

A imiddiia, sized tree, common on almost every part of the coast
of Coromandel; in flower during the cold season.

Trunk short, often crooked, but pretty thick. Branches irregular,
both are covered with smooth, ashecoloured bark; young shoots
highly polished, deep green. Wood white, hard, close-grained, and
bitter.— Leaves oppasite, short-petivled, ova!, shining, smooth on both
sides, entire, from three to five-nerved, or rather between that and
triple, or quintuple, differing in size from one and half to four inches
Jong, and from one to three broad.—Stipules none.—Filcwers small,
greenish-white, collected on smail, terminal corymbs.—Calyv tives
toothed, permauent,—Corol infundibuliform, as in the genus.—Fila-
ments scarcely any, or exceedingly short, inserted over the bottom
of the divisions of the corol. Anthers oblong, half within the tube,
and half out.— Germ two-celled, with many ovula in each, attached
to the thickened centre of the partition. Séyle the length of the tube of
the corol. Stigma capitate. Berry round, smooth, size of a pretty
large apple, covered with a smooth, somewhat hard shell, of a rich,

* Those 0° the above synonyma which in the Umure Kosha are by Mr. Colebrooke
attributed to Diospyros melanoxylon. Most of the pundits are of the same opinion, pro-
bably because Tindoo, one of them, is the nameof D. glutinosa. Tt is not unlikely that the
opinions of the pundits, joined to the similarity of names led him to this conclusion. These

words are however expressly stated in the Bhava-prukasha to be the names of the Koochila,
which is universally acknowledged to be this piaat, Ed,

Strychnos. PENTANDRIA MONOGYQIA.. 263

beautiful orange colour when ripe ; filled with a white, soft, celati«
nous pulp —Seeds several, immersed in the pulp of the berry.

The wood of this tree being hard aud durable is used for many pure
poses by the natives. It is exceedingly bitter, particularly that of the
root, which is used to cure intermitting fevers, and the bites of ve«
nomous snakes; when that of Naga musadi cannot be had. The
seeds are employed in the distillation of country spirits, to render
them more intoxicating. The pulp of the fiuit seems perfectly ins
nocent, as it is greedily eaten by many sorts of birds.

2.S. potatorum, Willd. sp. i. 1052. Corom. pl. 1. N. 5.

Leaves opposite, from ovate to oval, smooth, pointed. Bark
deeply cracked. Berries one-seeded.

Sung. Ta: Tatts, Puyuprusadi, RAR, Kutuka, Aaa, Kut-
tuka, FATUTS:, Umbooprusada, Mei, Kutoo, AA; Kuta, frat
WMA:, Tiktuwphula, Cay Roochya, wSaara:, Chheduneeya, TRB
THA: Goochhaphula, RAWA?, Kutuphula, Tamatca:, Tiktue
muricha, RICE KICGE Toyuprusaduna, Bayaea, Umbooprus
saduna.

Beng. and Hind. Nirmulee.

S. potatorum, Asiat. Res, xi. p. 178,

Teling. Induga.

Tam. Vettan-kotta.

Eng. Clearing-nut.

This species grows to be a larger tree than Nux-vomica. It is
much scarcer, being only found amongst meuntains and woods of
great extent. It flowers during the hot season.

Dr. Konig’s description of this tree in the supplementum planta-
rum of Linneus, ; age 148, is so perfect, as to leave me little to add.
the only observation Ihave 1o make is that the leaves cannot be said
to be either three. or fiveenerved.

Stipules entire, connecting.—Corymbs from the extremities of the

ae
264 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Strychnos,

Jast year’s shoots, round the base of this year’s, small, bearing in ter.
nary order, many, small, erect, fragrant, greenish-yellow flowers,
Filaments rather longer than in Nu2-comica.— Germ and contents as
in S. Nux-vomica.— Berry shining, black when ripe.

The wood of this like that of the former is hard and durable, and
is used for various economical purposes.

The pulp of the fruit, when ripe, is eaten by the natives; to me the
taste is rather disagreeable,

‘The ripe seeds are dried, and sold in every market to clear mud-

-dy water. The natives never drink clear well water if they can get

pond or river water, which is always more or less impure accord-
ing to circumstances. One of the seeds is well rubbed fora minute
or two round the inside of the vessel containing the water, general-
Jy an unglazed earthern one, which is then left to settle; in avery
short time the impurities fall to the bottom, leaving the water clear
and, so far as | have been able to learn, perfectly wholesome.
These seeds are constautly carried about by the more provident part
of our officers and soldiers, in time of war, to enable them to purify
their water. They are easier to be obtained than alum, andare PTO.
bably less hurtful to the constitution,

8. S. colubrina,* Willd. sp. 1. 1052.
Scandent; tendrils simple. Leaves from oval to oblong, obtuses
ly acuminate, triple-nerved, polished. Berries many-seeded.

* The following note was written by Dr. Roxburgh several years before this species
was discovered in Bengal, and attached to S. Nux-vomica. i have therefore thought it best
to insert it here.—Ed,

There is atree, but exceedingly rare on this coast, which the Telingas call Naga mu-
sadi (Naga, or Tansoopaum in the Telinga langnage, means the Cobra de Capella, or Coluber
maga of Linneus, Tansoo means dancing, and pewm a serpent ; this sort being famous for
erecting its head and moving it from side to side at the sound of music.) Ihave only once
met with this tree, and then it was pointed out to me by a Telinga Doctor. The tree had
been cut down, and carried away, from the only remaining one that I could find, some shoots
had sprung up. The leaves upon these were opposite, short-petioled, obtuse-lanceolate,
three-nerved ; ahout two, or two and half inches long, by three-fourths of an inch broad. The

petiols

Strychnos. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 205

Modira Caneram, Rheed. mal. 8. t. 24.

Beng. Koochila-luta.

Found by Mr. M. R. Smith, Talieouone on the hills near Silhet,
where it blossoms in April, and the seeds ripen in September and
October.

Stem of great size, often from eight to twelve inches in diameter 5
the wood hard, intensely bitter and of a light grey colour; this with its
numerous ramifications climbs over the highest trees. Bark ash-
coloured, more or less scabrous, according to the age and size
of the part of the young shoots, smooth and green. — Tendri/s lateral,
simple, becoming thick and lignous.— Leaves opposite, short-petiol.
ed, from oval to oblong, entire, obtusely acuminate, triple-nerved ;
nerves extending to the apex, texture rather thin; glossy ; from three
to six inches long, by two or three broad.— Stipules none.—Corymbs
terminal, small; composed of two or three pairs of opposite, few-
flowered, short, villous branches.—Flowers small, greenish yellow,
in a sub-ternary order.—Bractes one under each division and sub.
division of the corymb, tapering, villous.—-Ca/yz five-parted, clammy,
with glandular pubescence.—Corol infundibuliform, smooth. Tube
cylindric. Border five-parted; segments linear-oblong, spreading.
— Filaments five, short, inserted into the mouth of the tube cf the
corol under the fissures of its border. Anthers sub-sagittate.—Germ
superior, ovate, smooth, two-celled, with many ovula in each, attach-
ed to a fleshy ridge down the middle of the partition, Sty/e the length
of the corol. Siigma capitate.— Berry often as large as an orange,
round, in the advanced state one cell only can be detected. Courter

petiols were very short, and connected at their insertions by a membrane. 1 took up this
root with the greatest care, cut off the upper part from whence the shoofs grew, and planted
it in my garden, but it soon perished. From the above circumstances J am inclined to taink
there is a species different from the third, or scandent species called Colubrina, as well as
from the Nux-vomica tree, which yields the real or atleast another sort ofthe Lignum
colubrinum. The wood of the root of this sort is esteemed by the Telinga Physicians an
infallible remedy for the bite of the Naga, as well as for that of every other venomeus
snake. It is applied externally, and at the same time given internally. Jtis also givenio
substance for the cure of intermitting fevers. Roxb, Mss.

Hh

|
|
|

266 PENTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA, Strychnos.

rather hard and brittie; colour from a bright yellow to a dirty look-
ing mixture of yellow and rough brown. Pulp gelatinous and yel-
low.—Seeds from two to twelve, orbicular, much flattened as in
the Nux-vomica, peltate, nearly an inch broad. Integuments two;
the exferior one thin, but tough, and most densely clothed with soft,
short hairs, like the softest velvet ; the interior one a very thin brown
membrane.— Perisperm conform to the seed, united round the mar-
gins, the middle free, resembling two cotyledons, horny.— Embryo
straight, much smaller than the perisperm, and lodged close to the
umbilicus, which may be readily known by the hair being longer at
that part, forming a tuft round it. Cotyledons cordate, three-nerved.
Radicle oval, pointing to the umbilicus, (centripetal)

Additional species by N. IV.

4. S. avillaris, Colebrooke.

Leaves ovate, acuminate. Tendrils axillary, thickened. Berry
oval, one-seeded.—Colebr. in Linn. trans, xii. 351, and 336. t. 15.

Native of the mountainous countries north and east of Szihet,
in Bengai, where it blossoms in the hot season, and ripens its fruit
in the beginning of the rainy season.—Beng. Hur-cuchila or Har-
cuchila. Colebr. l. cit.

Obs. ‘Vhe excellent account which has been given of this in-
teresting plant by Mr. Colebrooke, renders it unnecessary for me
to furnish any detailed description here. But as 1 received splen=
did specimens last year from Sihet, gathered by Mr. Francis
De Silva, the successor to the late Mr. Smith, I am enabled to make
the following few additions : Séem moderately thick, enlarged at the
divisions, round, covered with smooth brownish bark.— Branches
pumerous, approximate, divarieate, dichotomous or opposite, slen-
der, while young pubescent and somewhat greyish.— Leaves sub-
bifarious, twice as long as their interstices, glossy while young, villous,
mostly triplienerved, sometimes also tri-nerved, in which case two
fine sub-marginal nerves issue from the base of the common rib ; al!

|

Strychnos. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 267

the nerves simple; beautifully reticulate with transversal, capillary,
parallel veins; the axills of the principal nerves, as also the short
peuols and the tendrils pubescent; acumen very long and slender;
they are of pretty equal size, generally about three inches long. Ten-
drils alternate, mvariably azillary and simple ; their curved, sub-spiral,
thickened, acute end scarcely reaching beyond the middle of the
leaf —Stipules none except a pubescent annular margin, which con-
nects the base of the petiols.—Fuascicles crowded, round, twice as
long as the petiols,

However much this species resembles S. Teute of M. Lesche-
nault de Latour, whose description and figure are now before me
(in Annai. du Mus. xvi. 79. ¢. 23.) I cannot but consider them as
distinct; the tendrils in that being always opposite to and supplying
the place of a leaf, while in ours they occupy invariably al/ernate axils.
—This is corroborated by the following extract of a letter from
my worthy friend, dated Madura, the 14th May, !820, in reply to one
in which I had particularly requested his opinion on the subject.—
“ Le Strychnos axillaris de 6M. Colebrooke me paroit identique avec
mon S. Tieute. Ils ont ie méme port, la meme apparence; et la
légere differénce, qui peut exister entre les feuilles des deux plantes,
qulont servia la description de M. C, et de la mienne (difference gut
peut etre le resultat de l’age, du sol, ou du climat) ne peut point ba-
Jancer le charactere tres important de vril/es epaisses (cirrhi incrassati.)
I yadans le dessin que vous m’avez envoye, et dans la description de
M. Colebrooke un erreur remarquable, et qu’il convient de rectifier ;
e’est cellede vrilles axillaires. J’aiobservé dans le S. Tieute, que
chaque vrille tenoit constamment la place d’une feuille, et etolt, par
consequent opposeé a |’autre. S’il en etoit autrement pour le S,
axillaris, Vespece seroit alors bien distincte ; mais je pense qu’ily a

erreur.’—N. W.

5. S. bicirrhosa, Leschen.

Stem climbing. Leaves elliptic, cuspidato-acute, triple-nerved.
* oy aioe

568 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Serissa.

Tendrils \eaf-opposed, bifid, with thickened divisions. Berry glo-
bular, one-seeded.

Native name Kousi-Kandiera.

Found by M. Leschenault in the forests near Koudracotta,
about twenty miles south of Tanjore, with unripe fruits, He has
kindly communicated a specimen with the following deseription.

“Stem scandent, sarmentose. Branchlets horizontal.— Leaves
opposite, short-petioled, elliptic or sub-ovate, acuminate, three-
nerved, smooth.—endri/s leaf-opposed (occupying the place of a
Jeaf), bifid, with slightly thickened ends; there is constantly a pair
of squamiform bractes uader their divisions.” |

Obs. by N. W.

Branches opposite, shining, ash-coloured, minutely and most eo-
piously dotted ; otherwise perfectly smooth, as are all the other
parts. Leaves about three inckes long, sometimes lanceolate, most-
ly acute, occasicnally obtuse, but always terminated by a small
cuspidula, They are regularly tri- and triple-nerved; the outer
nerves, proceeding from the base, being very fine, sub-marginal.—
There is invariably a pair of opposite, stipulary, triangular, pointed,
adpressed bractes under the insertion of the branches, and a solita-
rv one under each tendril, and besides those small lanceolate ones
under the divisions of the tendrils, noticed by my friend in his des-
cription, there 1s a subulate process issuing from the bifurcation
itself.— M. Leschenault has not seen the flowers, nor has he suc-
ceeded in obtaining any information respecting the use of the plant.

—N.W.

SERISSA. Juss.

Corol one-petalled, funnel-shaped ; throat ciliate; segments of the
border sub-trilobate. Berry inferior, two-seeded.

1. S. fetida, Willd. sp. i. 1061.
Dysoda fasciculata, Loureiro cachinch, 181.

Ardisia. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 248

Lycium japonicum, Thunb. Jap. 93. t. 17.

Lycium fatidum, Linn, suppl. 150.

Lycium indicum, Retz. obs. 1. p- 12.

Jtroduced into our gardens in India from China which accounts
for the natives having no name for it. In the botanic garden at
Calcutta it blossoms the whole yearround, but never produces fruit ;
the flowers being constantly double.

ARDISIA. Schreb. Gen. N. 1735.

Calyx five-leaved. Corol hypocrateriform. Germ superior, ones
celled, one-seeded, attachment inferior. Stigma subulate. Berry
superior, one-seeded. Hmbryo transversely serpentine in an ample
petisperm.

1, A. solanacea, Willd. sp. i. 1063. Rorb. Corom, 1. 27.

Sbrubby, Leaves alternate, oblong, entire, glossy. Racemes ax
illary, corymbiform. Segments of the corol ovate,

Beng. Bun-jam.

Teling. Conda-mayoor.

A small tree, or large shrub, a native of moist places in the
vallies amongst the Circar mouatains. In flower and seed nearly
the whole year.

Trunk one or more from the same root, erect. Bark ash-coloured,
— Leaves alternate, short-petioled, oblong, and cuneate-oblong, point.
ed, entire, smooth, glossy, somewhat succulent; from four to six
inches long, by two or three broad.—Racemes corymbiform, axillary,
shorter than the leaves.— Peduncles round, smooth.— Pedicels club-
bed, round, smooth.— Bractes a concave one below each pedice!.—
Flowers pretty large, rose-coloured.—Calyvx five-leaved ; leaflets im-
bricated, concave, roundish ; permanent.—Corol one-petalied. Tube
exceedingly short. order five-cleft ; divisions spreading, cordate.—
Filarents five, exceedingly short, from the bottom of the tube. An-

£70 PENTANDRIA MONOGYDIA. Ardisia,

thers oblong, acute.—Germ superior, oblong. Style awled. Stigma
acute.— Berry size of a small cherry, round, juicy, black, one-seeded,
The juice of the berries ts of a very beautiful, bright red colour;

upon paper it changes to a durable brown.

Obs. by N. W.
Sims’s Bot. Mag. xl. 1677.—It grows wild at Noakote in Nipal,
flowering in the month of March.—N. W.

®. A. paniculata, R.
Shrubby. | Leaves cuneate-oblong, sub-sessile, entire, smooth,
yeflex.— Panicles terminal, oval, composed of many alternate, come i

pound branches. |
A large shrub, or small tree, a native of the hilly parts of Chitta-

}
gong, and particularly conspicuous on account of its large reflexed
leaves, (from six to twelve inches long’) and very large, elegant |
panicles of innumerable, lively rose-coloured flowers. Like most
of the other species, it continues to blossom and ripen its seed most }
part of the year. :

Young shoots thick, somewhat succulent, with smooth, clear,
green bark,.— Leaves crowded about the ends of the branchlets, sub-
sessile, from lanceolar to cuneate-oblong, rather obtuse, entire, smooth,
from six to twelve inches long, and from three to five broad.—
Panicles terminal, very large, oval; composed of numerous, patent,
compound branches, all are round, smeoth and green.— Flowers very
numerous, pretty large, rose-coloured.—-Bractes oblong.—Calyz the
border divided into five broad-ovate segments.—Corol sub-rotate ;
segments of the border ovate.—fudaments five, short, inserted into
the base of the corol. Anthers sagittate, united into a cone.—Germ
ovate, one-celled, containing one ovu/um attached to the bottom of

the cell. Style longer than the stamina.—Stigma simple.

Obs. by N.W.

This noble species isa native also of Silhet Tn the hotanie

. Ardisia. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. O7k

garden it has attained the height of eight feet, since the year 1810,
when it was introduced, blossoming in the hot and the commence-
ment of the raimy season; the berries ripen in August—October,
—The leaves on the luxuriant shoots measure full twenty inches in
length, and between four and five inches in breadth towards the out-
er end; from thence they taper so much downwards as to be scarce-
ly one and half inch broad at their lower third part. Berry globu-
Jar, rather depressed, red, shining, smooth, size of a large pea; pulp
pale pink-coloured. Seed round, apiculate, with a convex umbilicus
at the base. Exterior iniegument (putamen ?) crustaceous, thin, grey,
marked with ramous, vascular fascicles, converging from the umbili-
cus upwards; the inside brown and smooth, unconnected with the
end except at the base. IJxner one brownish, lanceolated, spungy,
attached to the albumen by numerous, very smatl, distinct adhesions,
the vestiges of which remain after the integument has been removed.
—Albumen cartilaginous, hard, whitish, slightly and superficially
ruminate, with adeep impression at the base. Embryo milk-white,
horizontal, cylindric, equalling the breadth of the albumen, or a little
shorter; both its extremities slightly descending. Cotyledous very
short, subulate. adicle Jong, sub-clavate, directed towards the
surface of the perisperm.— N. W.

8. A. colorata, R.

Shrubby. Leaves linear-lanceolar, entire, smooth; veins nearly
diverging. Panicles terminal, (large and highly coloured,) compos-
ed of a few, decompound, expanding branches,

Umur-kulli, the vernacular name at Salhet, where the shrub is
indigenous, and one of the most desirable species of the genus [have
yet met with. tis in flower and seed the greatest part of the vear,

Trunk erect, with numerous, smooth, expanding branches and
branchlets; general height, in its native soil; about twelve feet.
— Leaves alternate, short-petioled,. linear-lanceolar, entire, acute,
veins parallel, and nearly diverging from the rib, about six or seven

x ’ . DB) . ,
ches long, and about two-broad, Elora/leaves minute. Panieles

- 72 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA: Ardisie.

terminal, solitary, very large ; composed of several large, compound
and decompound branches; all of which with their sub-divisions are
smooth, and of a pretty deep, bright red co!our.—-_Bractes lanceolate.
—Calyx, corol, &c. as in the family.—Berries somewhat ob.ate,
smooth, succulent, red, size of a pea.— Seed solitary, of a deep yellow
in the base.— Perisperm conform to the seed, very hard, some small
rust-coloured specks on the surface, which in some places penetrate
a littie.— Embryo transverse, serpentine, &c. asin Gaertnei’s Anguil-
daria, 1.872. t. 77. |

Obs. by N. W.

T have found this species, or one very much like it on Sheopore in
Nipal, flowering in April and May. My people have also brought it
to me from Noakote.

At grows to the size of a small tree, ten feet high. Branches ash-
coloured; young shoots and tender leaves covered on both sides
with dense, scaly, purple, loose tomentum ; afterwards they become
perfectly smooth,—- Leaves very numerous and close to each other
towards the apex of the brauches, oblong-lanceolate, from five to
six inches long, acuminate at both ends, very obscurely crenulate,
coriaceous; siining above, glaucous underneath, with elevated rib;
while fresh veinless.—Petiol very short.— Panicle terminal, of a re-

gular oval form, about six inches high, lifted up on a peduncle above

the uppermost leaves ; branches somewhat elongated, often inter-

mixed with several lanceolar, small floral leaves —Flowers corym-

bose or umbellate, smallish, red, on short, coloured pedicels.—

Calyx almost white ; lacinia spreading, ovate, acute, dotted.—Co-
four times longer than the calyx, with acute, ovate seg-

rolia rotate,
Style lon-

ments._-Anthers burstiag from the middle to the apex.

J

ger than the corolla, red.
Should it prove a distinct species, which I shall be able to decide

upon when I receive specimens of the Silhet plant, L would propose

calling it A. floribunda.
A. pyramidalis, Roth. Noy, spec. 123, (excluding the synon. of

Ardisia. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 273

Anguillaria pyramidalis, Cavan. which is probably another plant)
seems to be either Roxburgh’s colorata or paniculata.—A. colora.
ta, Lodd, Bot. Cab. v, 465, appears to me to belong rather to A.
solunacea.—N. W.

4. A, umbellata, R.

Shrubby, erect. Leaves short-petioled, oblong, smooth, veinless,
entire. Umbels axillary, drooping.. Calyz five-parted. Berries
vertically compressed.

A native of Sumatra, from thence Dr. Charles Campbell sent the
seeds to this garden, where the plants thrive luxuriantly, and blossom
most part of the year.

Stem shrubby, erect, with alternate, ascending branches; all are
covered with a smooth bark; general height of the full grown shiubs
about eight feet.— Leaves alternate, shorst-petioled, oblong, entire,
polished on both sides, deep green, and almost destitute of veins ;
length from three to four inches, and about two broad.—Peduncées
axillary, solitary, shorter than the leaves, bearing in a simple umbel-
let, many pretty large, drooping, rose-coloured flowers.—Calyxr
five-parted ; divisions short, and rounded.—Corol. Juve very short;
divisions of the border langeolate, first recurved, then revolute.—
Filaments short, inserted on the mouth of the tube of the corol._—
Anthers united by their heads into a cone.—Germ superior, round.
Style tapering. Stigma simple, appearing without the poiuts of the
anthers.—Berry depressed, smooth, shining black, size of a large
pea, succulent; the pulp being in considerable proportion, and re-
plete with purple juice.—Seed solitary, round. Perisperm and eme
bryo as in the other species.

Obs. by N. W.
A. litoralis, Andrew’s Repos. x. 630. A. umbellata, Bot. Cab,
vi. 531 ;——Roth. Mss. in Syst. veg. iv. 514 ;—Roth. nov. spec. 123.

—Itis a common plant on the hills of Pinang, where I met with it
Ti

OF 4 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Ardisia.

in flower in August and December.—The doubtful plant mentioned
by Vahl, under his A. humilis, Symb. iii, 41, seems to belong to this
species. —N. W.

5. A. villosa, RK. i

Shrubby, erect, with spreading, villous branchlets. Leaves lan-
ceoiate, crenulate, villous underneath. Uybellets terminal, compound,
hairy.

A uative of the forests of Pulo-pinang, where Mr. R. found it in
blossom in July.— Compare with Pyrgas racemosa, Loureir. cochinch.
149,

Obs. by N. W.

Thave found a shrub, rather sparingly, in Singapore, in fruit in
October, which perhaps may be this species.—It rises four or five
feet high, with spreading, densely villous, and hairy, round bran-
ches.— Leaves lanceolate, from five to seven inches long, acu-
minate, remotely and obtusely crenate, taperiug and acuminate at
the base, minutely and most copiously dotted on both sides, and
clothed with abundance of soft, long, jointed hairs, Pedzoles slender,
an inch or an inch and half long —Omebels axillary and terminal,
very villous. ®erries globular, villous, scarcely larger than the
persistent calyx, the lacimz of which are linear-lanceolate, long,
acute, villous.—All the upper parts of this shrub are exceedingly
thickly beset with soft hairs.—It is perhaps a distinct species which [
would propose calling A. vestita.—Pyrgus racemosa, Loureir. co-
chinch. ed. Willd. i. 149, belongs undoubtedly to this genus, accord-
ing to Mr. R, Brown, prodr. nov. holi. i. 535 but is widely differ-
ent from the plant described above by Roxburgh. Mr. Brown thinks
that Bladhia, Thunb. 1s a distinct genus on account of the ternate or

opposite leaves; 1 would add their serrated or crispated margins.—
N, W.

Ardisia. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 278

6. A. lanceolata, R.

Shrubby, with diverging branches. “Leaves broad-lanceolar, po-
lished. Panic/es terminal, axillary, composed ofa few simple racemes,

A native of the forests of Pulo-piuang, where Mr. W. Roxburgh
found it in blossom in July,

Leaves alternate, short-petioled, broad-lanceolar, acuminate,
smooth, entire; from six to nine inches lowg, and two or three broad.
—Panicles terminal and axillary, shorter than the leaves, compos.
ed ofa few diverging branches.—Flowers numerous, pedicelled, of
a middling size, diverging.— Bractes solitary, under each pedicel, lan-
ceolate.—Calyr deeply divided into five ovate segments.—Corol
rotate; segments five, ovate-acuminate.—Anthers sub-sessile, sagit-
tate, open near the acute apex on the inside.—Germ ovate, one-
celled, containing one ovula attached to the bottom of the cell. Style

length of the stamina. Stigma simple, acute.

Obs. by N. W.
T have before me a specimen with flowers of this plant, communica-
ted by the late Mr. Jack from Pinang ; it is remarkable on account
if its exceedingly tough and leathery leaves ; and is nearly allied to A.

paniculata, Llliptica would have been a more appropriate name.—

N. W.

7. A. divergens, R.
Shrubby, with diverging branchlets. Leaves sub-sessile, lanceo-

Jate, smooth, entire. Unmbellets terminal, sessile.

A native of the Moluccas.

Addition by N. W.

I have had specimens of this plant gathered at Pinang by the late
Mr. Jack under the name of A, punctata, together with the fullowing

remark, “ Branches divaticate. Leaves almost sessile, ovate-lauceo=
Li2

276 FENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Ardisia.

late, dotted, entire, acuminate, base attenuated. Corymbs terminal,
paniculate.” 5

It appears to be a small smooth shrub.— Leaves measuring from
four to five inches, sometimes oblong, with a distinct, arched, sub-
mirginal vein, which is more or less visible in all the species of this
genus as itisin allthe Eugenias and many others; marked with
numerous glandular, minute, sub-pellucid dots, which terminate the
reuculate veins; these too, are observable in most if not all the other
species, andthey are often found on the flowers and ends of the
branchlets.— Peduncles slender, short, terminal, slightly pubescent,
Leung a few small, alternate corymbs.—N. W,

8. A. crenata, R.

Leaves lanceolate, crenate. Racemes terminal, often compound.
Flowers drooping.

From Pulo-pinang, where it is a native.

Shrubby, erect.—Leaves short-petioled, alternate, lanceolate,
margins smooth, somewhat obtuse, crenate —Racemes generally so-
Jitary, from the extremities of the corymbiform lateral branchlets,
and always accompanied with a Jeaf or two, sometimes they are pro-
liferous.— flowers numerous, small, drooping.— Calyx, corol, stamens
and pisti/lum as in A. solanacea.—Berry globular, smooth, size of
a pea; one-seeded.

Obs. by N. W.

I found it very common both at Pinang and Singapore, blossom-
ing from August to November. It must not be confounded with
Ventenat’s crenulata.—It is the same as A. elegans, Andr. Repos.
x. 623,—-N. W.

9. A. glandulosa, R. E
Shrubby. Leaves lJanceolar, margins coloured and glandular.
Umbellets sub-terminal, numerous, long-peduncled, globular.

bh of i ea

| Ardisia, PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIAs 277

Bun-nurukalee the vernacular name in Sihet, where the shrub is
indigenous, flowering in the rainy season,

Leaves alternate, short-petioled, Janceolar, smooth, margins co-
loured, somewhat repand, and strongly maiked with little, elevated,
dark-coloured glands on and rather under the margin; from four to
six inches long, and an inch or an inch and half broad.—Umbellets
generally from four to eight, alternate at and round the extremities of
the numerous smooth branchlets, long-peduncled, few-flowered,
and globular.—- Flowers small, white, short-pedicelled.—Calyz five-’
parted, marked with ferruginous spots.—Corol alternate, the tube
being very sliort; segments of the border five, round, emargmates;
imbricated in the bud.—Filamenés inserted on the base of the tube.
Anthers large, sub-sagittate, sides firmly united, forming a little
dome over the mouth of the tube.—Germ ovate, one-celled, and
containing one ovulum, attached to the bottom of the cell. Style
slender. Stigma rather enlarged, and even with the top of the anthers,

Obs. by N. W.

This is a large, branchy, smooth shrub, Branches ash-coloured ;
young shoots much elongated, leafy at the apex.— Leaves long-acumi-
nate; base tapering, entire. —Peduncles very numerous from the
apex of the branches, close to each other, spreading, filiform, naked,
four inches long, a little flattened; each bearing an umbel of eight
orten small, pink flowers, dotted with numerous glandular dots.—
Lacinia of the calyx lanceolate, acute, It may at once be distin-
guished from all the other species by the globular, obtuse shape
of the flower buds; by their size, which is smaller than that of any
of our East Indian species, and by the notched blunt corolla. ‘The
form of the inflorescence is also very peculiar.—N. W.

10, A. macrocarpa, Wall.

Smooth, shrubby. Leaves oblong, acute, greatly tapering down.

wards, gland.crenate, dotted. Racemes terminal, corymbiform, subs

a et

278 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA- Ardisia.

sessile. Lacinig of the corolla ovate, obtuse. Berries large, glo-
bular. ,

Grows on most of the hills about the valley of Nipal, blossoming
during the rains and ripening its fruit in winter.

A branchy, erect shrub, perfectly smooth, from five to six feet high,
with greenish round branches, marked with slightly elevated limes
which descend from each petiol. Young shoots elongated, naked,
except at their apex, frequently so near to each other as to become
sub-verticiiled.— Leaves scatiered, approximate, especially on the
vounger brauches, spreading, coriaceous, shining, oblong, acute,
tapering very considerably from the middle downwards, from six
to elght inches long, slightly folded length-ways, of a dark creen
colour above, pale underneath, without nerves or veins while fresh ;
serrato-crenate, crenatures rounded, large, with the sinuses glandular

and elevated on the upper suface, which in consequence becomes

kuebbed ; both surfaces are marked with innumerable, unequal,
minute, opaque dots, especially close to the margin, where they are
elegantly disposed in a continued, sub-marginal line. — Petiol thickish,
about an inch long, gradually widening into the decurrent base of the
Jeaf.—- Raceme terminal, oval, corymbose, sub-sessile, about two in-
ches long, very slightly pubescent, sometimes with a few, short, lan-
ceolate floral leaves. — Flowers on small, clavate pedicels, flesh-colour-
ed, shining, dotted with many minute dark points.—Corol/a about
twice the size of the calyx ; its /acinie@ ovate, obtuse, rather narrow at
the base. — Berry spherical, of a beautiful vermillion colour, as large
almost as a gooseberry, smooth, shining ; when dry it becomes deep
purple and is reduced to the size of a large pea.

Obs. ‘This is a very elegant shrub both in flower and fruit. It
comes near to A. crenata, Roxb. Its leaves are long and remarkably
tapering toward the narrow base ; margins beautifully crenate, glan-
dular and knobbed; the thick elevated glands which occupy the in-
terstices of the crenatures, rising considerably above the upper surface,

"The berries are very large. —N. W,

Ardisia. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 279

11. A. pauciflora, Heyne.

Shrubby, smooth. Leaves lanceolate, acuminate, alternate, shorte
peuioled, entire. Pedunc/es lateral and axillary, filiform, from two to
thice-flowered,

Specimens are preserved in the late Dr. Heyne’s hortus siccus.
They are labelled “ Ardisia paucifiora, 20th March, 1817.”—No
alive place is mentioned; but | conjecture it to be Wynaad.

Branches slender, greyish-brown ; young ones covered with ferru-
ginous, dense, scaly tomentum.— Leaves alternate, spreading, lan-
cevlate or oblong-lanceoiate, from four to five inches long, tapering
into a biuntish, sometimes retuse acumen; acute at the base ; perfect-
Jy smooth, obscurely nerved.—Fetiols short.— Peduncles very sien-
der, filiferm, three or four times longer than the petiols, from two to
three-flowered.—Pedicels half an inch long, supported by minute,

linear bractes.— F lowers small.—N. W.

12. A. pedunculosa, Tail.

Shrubby, perfectly smooth.— Leaves approximate, lanceolate,
acuminate, short-petioled, entire. Corymbs axiilary and terminal,
long-peduncled. Lacini@ of the corolla acuminate.

Native of Szlhet, from whence I had specimens in 1820, gather-
ed by Mr. De Silva.

Branches ash-coloured, angular. Leaves numerous and crowded
at the upper part of the branches, lanceolate, acuminate, entire, or
with some obscure, remote crenatures, rather tapering at the base;
from four to six inches long, obscurely nerved when dry, coriaceous’;
on short, channelled petiols.—Corymés terminal and axillary towards
the top of the branches, long-peduncled, ramous ; forming a loose,
sub-panicled, terminal inflorescence, which is intermixed with leaves.—
Peduncles very slender, filiform, four inches long; partial ones an
inch or an inch and half long.— Flowers reddish, sub-umbellate, on
capillary, rather long pedicels.x—Lacini@ of the dotted corolla ras
ther oblique, terminated by a subulate acumen.—N. W.

!
|

a ee ee

280 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Ardisia,

13. A. anceps, Wail.

Shrubby, with climbing, two-edged branches, Leaves oblong-
lanceolate, acuminate, entire, Panécles terminal, with flattened, near-
ly smooth ramifications, Style very long.

Found in the vicinity of Silhet by Mr. De Silva, m blossom in Sepe-
tember. K

Beng. Lal Jam.

Branches \ong, slender, flattened, two-edged with sharpish margins,
smooth, paie-crey.— Leaves alternate, lanceolate, from five to ten in-
ches long, acuminate, acute at the base, perfectly entire, smooth on
both sides, coriaceous, marked underneath with a strong middie-rib,
aud elevated, sub-trausversal; arcuated, reticulated ner\es.— Petiol
half an inch long, channelled above, its apex slightly margined.— Pa-
nicle terminal, oblong, peduncled, mostly with one or two smail leaves
at the base; six inches Jong. Peduncles tlat, alternate. Flowers sube
umbellate, pedicelled, smal!, pink-coloured.—Ca/lyx with lanceolate,
acute laciniz, dotted.—Cvrol/a rotate, deeply divided into five ovate,
acute, dotted segments.— Style capillary, twice as long as the corol-
la.— Stigma minute.—N. W. ; ;

14. A. complanata, Wall.

Shrubby, with round branches. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, acu-
minate. Panicles axillary and terminal, with villous, flattened divas
ricate, flexuose ramifications. Style very long.

Found by Mr. George Porter on the hills of the island of Pi-
nang, in flower and fiuit in the beginning of the year.*

A rambling, sub-scandent shrub, with rounded, slender, smooth,
ash-grey, branches; somewhat tomentose and ferrugimous while

/

* This active young man, who was for some years employed in the Honourable Com-
pany’s Botanic garden at Calentta as the head overseer, was obliged to accompany me
to Pinang on account of severe illness. He has now charge of the school-institation
and the small botanical nursery which was established there lately, and has already for-
warded the most beautiful and rare collections of growing and preserved plants and
seeds tome. In the progress of the work I shall very often be enabled to sefer to the
produce of his zealous and successful labours,—-N, W.

Ardisia. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 231

young.—Teaves approximate, very spreading, oblong-ianceolate,
with nearly parallel or straight, perfectly entire margms, tapering,
acuminate, acute and sub-decurrent at the base, from six to eight
inches long, coriaceous, smooth underseath, with elevated rib and
parallel, nearly transversal nerves, which unite and are reticulate near
the margins.— Petiol round, strong, channelled, ha!f an inch or an
inch long; slightly margined.— Panicles axillary and terminal, pedun-
cled, ovate, shorter than the leaves; composed of alternate racemes
of umbelled, small piak-coloured flowers.—Peduncle flattened and
two-edged, divaricate, flexuose, villous, at length smooth.— Bractes
large, Jinear-Janceolate, folded, recurved.—Fowers small, pale pink-
coloured, forming globular umbellets, on short pedicels, each of
which is supported by a minute bracte. Ca/yx with triangular,
acute, dotted, ciliate lacinie.— Berry globular, as large as a pepper-
corn, dark-purple, nearly black, blunt.

Obs. This is exceedingly like the foregoing, and scarcely to be
distinguished except in having round branches and divaricate sub-re-

flexed ramifications of the panicles.—N. W.

15. A. tuberculaia, Wall.
Shrubby, smooth. Leaves entire, lanceolate-oblong, attenuate,

obtuse. Panicle terminal, branchy, leafy, consisting of short, pedun-

eled racemes —Peduncles flexuose, flattened.—Rachis cylindiic, tus.

bercled.

I have found it in forests at Singapore, in flower and fruit in Oc.

tober.

Branches smooth, covered with ash-coloured bark, slightly flexus
ose, with two opposite, elevated lines; the uppermost sub-compressed.
— Leaves scattered, four incheslong, smooth, leathery, shining, glan-
dular aud dotted while young, perfectly entire; base acute ; apex ta-
pering, obtuse ; the uppermost or floral ones linear-lanceolate.— Pa-
nicles terminal, oblong, consisting of alternate, flattened, flexuose

branches. Racemes an inch long, equalling their peduncles. Lowers
Jj

~

282 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNITA. Ardisia.

'
very numerous and approximate, smal!, pmk, smooth, inserted with
‘heir short pedicels on a cylindric, thick, knobbed rachis.—Calycine
facie oval, obtuse, eiliate— Berry smooth, globular; as large as a
pepper-corn, daik-purple-—N. W.
*

16. A. fentiginosa, Bot. Reg. vil. 533.

F eaves lauceolate, crenate. Corymbs compound. Flowers mi-
autely dotted.—. Edwards, I. cit.

A. crenulata, Bot. Cabin. 1. 2.

A. crenata, Bot. Mag. xlv. 1950.

A. nana, Colebr. Mss. (according to adrawing preserved at the
Hon. Company’s botanic garden at Calcutta.)

AG

A native of China; perhaps also of the Malayan peninsula and is.
lands, it having been introduced into the botanic garden from Ma-~
lacca in 1812, where it blossoms and successively ripens its fruit al-
most the whole year round,

This elegant little dwarf shrub has been so well figured and des.

cribed, especially by Mr. Edwards, as to require no further notice
here.—N. W.

17. A. hymenandra, Wall. .

Leaves obovate, acuminate, grossly crenate, tapering and. entire
downwards. Corymbs lateral, leafy, with large biactes. Lacinie of
the corel/a sub-linear, very long. Anthers membrane-winged and
caudate, connate into a tube.

Found on the Juutiyapoor mountains near Silhet by Mr. De Silva,
flowering in March.

Seems to be a stout shrub. Branches remarkably thick, round,
marked with many callous tubercles.— Leaves irregularly scattered,
approximate, sub-verticillate in threes or fours, obovate, acuminate,
very large, measuring from six to ten inches or more in length, as
broad as a hand towards the extremity, and deeply gland-crenate ;
from thence gradually tapering downward and nearly entire; base round
ed or somewhat acute, very narrow, sub-decurrent; smooth, dotted on

Chironia, | PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 283

both sides; with a strong rib underneath, most elegantly reticulate,
and marked with elevated, parallel, most numerous, transversal nerves,
which unite by means of a double row of sub-marginal parallel veins,
—Petiol very short, thick, margined, furrowed.—Corymbs lateral,
from the vestiges of the fallen leaves, much shorter than they,
rounded, consisting of very numerous, closely approximate, spread-
ing umbels of large pink flowers.—Common peduncle strong, flat,
from three to four inches long, bearing at the apex two or three
oblong, sub-opposite, floral leaves, from two to three inches long,
ou very short, membrane-margined, widening petiols.— Partial ones
(of the umbels) flattened; the lowermost an inch or an inch and
half long, the rest becoming gradually shorter; eack supported by a
large, ovate, membrane=-margined, deciduous bracte.— Pedicels about
half an inch long, crowded into many-flowered umbels; each sup-
ported by an oblong, membranous, concave bracte.—Cu/yz dotted ;
lacinie@ lanceolate, slightly ciliate-—Corol/la rotate, dotted, four
times as long as the calyx; dacinie@ linear-lanceolate, acuminate,
deeply divided, nearly half an inch long ; during esiivation twisted,
sub-cylindric.— Anthers sessile, large, membrane-margined; termi-
nating with a long, membranous, delicate, lanceolate process, and
firmly uniting into an oblong tube. Ovary ovate, small. Style
capillary, a little longer than the tube formed by the anthers,—N. W,

CHIKONIA. Schreb. Gen. N. £49.

Corol rotate. Pistil declined. Stamina inserted on the tube of
the corol. Anthers at last spiral, Pericarp two-valved, one-celled.
Seeds, numerous.

1. C. centaureoides, RK.
Annual, erect, four-sided, first brachiate, afterwards dichotomous,
Leaflets of the calyx keeled and acute. Leaves sessile, from oblong to

linear, sub-tri-nerved. Stigma two-lobed.
Jj2

984 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA: Erycibe.

Chironia carinafa, Herb. Banks.

Beng. Girmi.

A native of Bengal, appears during the end of the cold, and be«
ginning of the hot season,

Stems erect, four-sided, often very ramous, smooth, from three to
twelve inches high; below brachiate, dichotomous, with. a flower
jn the fork.— Leaves opposite, sessile ; the lowermost from oval to
oblong, and threée-nerved, the superior linear, and half stem-clasp-
ng; all are smooth, and entire; about an inch long. — Flowers long-
peduncled, solitary in the divisions of the branches and two- or
three-fold at their terminations. —Ca/yz nearly as long as the tube
Of the corol, five-cleft to the base; divisions keeled and acute.—
Corol and stamens as in the genus, the anthers becoming much
twisted.— Germ oblong.—Stigma of two large, round plates, each
surrounded with a thick, glandular, pubescent, horse-shoe-like mar-
gin.—Capsules oblong, one-celicd, two-valved.—Seeds numerous,
affixed to two long:tudinal receptacles as in Gentian.

Obs. I attend to the spirally twisted anthers, otherwise’ I should
from the structure of the capsules and two-lobed stigma have cone
sidered ita gentiana. ‘The fresh plant is considerably bitter, cons
sequently when dry much more so.- In the Bankstan Herbarium
‘J found specimens both of this and C. carinata under my name.

ERYCIBE, Roxd.

Calysx five-toothed. Corol one-petalled ; border ten-parted. Germ
superior, one-celled, from three to four-seeded, attached to the bot:
tom of the cell. Berry one-seeded.

1. E. paniculata, Roxb. Corom- ii, 159.
Evima-Tali, Rheed. Mal. vii. 73. t. 39.
A very large, climbing shrub; a native of the mountain forests
the Circars, and the eastern border of Bengal ; young shoots covered

Enmbelia. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 235

with much rust-coloured farina.— Leaves alternate, short-petioled, re-
flexed, linear, oblong, pointed, entire, smooth, from four to five in-
ches long, and about two broad.— Panicles terminal, large, oblong,
covered with some rust-coloured farina.—flowers numerous, small,
rust-coloured; border yellow. ‘The ten divisions of the border of
the corel unequal and orbicular.x—Lilaments from the base of tie
tube of the corol, short. Anthers ovate, pointed.—Germ superior,
rouud, smooth, one-celled, containing three, four, or five ovula,
attached tu the bottom of the cell. Style scarcely any.— Stigma large,
five-grooved.— Berry the size of a small cherry, black, pulpy, one-
seeded.

Obs. by N. W.

On the mountains bordering on Silhet the shrub blossoms in Octo-
ber and is called Luta-Bachutte. That which Rheede has described and
fisured seems to be somewhat different in having long racemes.
It has been called Erimatalia Rheedi, in Syst. Veg. v. XXVIE.
et 331; Lamarck mentions it as a doubtful plant, under Erima-Tali,
Eucyel. bot. ii, 348.—N. W.

EMBELIA. Juss.

Calyx five-parted. Corol five-petalled, on which the stamina are
inserted. Germ superior, one-seeded, attachment inferior. Drupe
one-seeded, Embryo transversely serpentine and furnished with a
perisperm.

1, E. Ribes, Burm. Ind. 62. t. 23. .

Shrubby, scandent. Leaves alternate, petioled, oblong, entire,
smooth, Panicles terminal, hoary.

Ribesioides, Linn. fl. seyl. N. 403.

Baberung, the vernacular name in the Szlhet district.

An immense climber, a native of the forests on the east border of
Bengal, where it blossoms in February and March ; and the seeds
ripen toward the close of the rainy season,

285 _ PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA: Embelia,
‘

Trunk when full grown about two feet in circumference, coyer-
‘ed with scabrous, light brown bark. Branches and branchlets very
numerous, and of great extent, the tender shoots hoary.— Leaves
alternate, petioled, oblong and elliptic, obtuse, finely veined, smooth;
from two to three inches long, and one or one and half broad.—
Petiols one-fifth or one-sixth the length of the leaves, margins some-
what winged.—Stepules none.—-Panicles terminal, large, open, and
hoary.— Bracies ensiform, villous, one-flowered.— Flowers numer-
ous, very small, hoary, ofa greenish yellow colour.— Calyz five-parted,
clothed with short, white hairs.— Petals five, oblong, concave, spread--
ing, hoary with short, soft, white hairs.—Lvlaments five, very short,
and inserted into the middle of the petals. Anthers sub-sagittaie,
resting on the exterior half of the petals. Germ round, one-celled,
containing a single ovu/wm attached to the bottom of the cell.
Style short. Stigma headed, sub-truncate.— Drupe the size of a graia
of black-pepper, round, crowned with a small point, smooth, stice
culent, when ripe black, when dry wrinkled, and very much like that
spice, one-celled. Nut brittle, rugose, one-celled.—Seed solitary,
roundish, with a cavity at the base. Integuments two.— Perisperm
conform to the seed.—Hmbryo curved transversely, with the con-
vexity up. Cotyledons two, minute, oval, lodged on one side of the
base of the perisperm. Radic/e filiform, of a curved, serpentine form,
with its apex near the margin of the perispermi considerably above
its base, on the side opposite to where the cotyledons are lodged,
nearly as in Gaertner’s Anguillaria, and in Ardisia,

The natives of the hills in the vicinity of Silhet, where the plants
grow abundantly, gather the little drupes, and when dry sell them
to the small traders in black-pepper, who fraudulently mix them
with that spice, which they so resemble as to render it almost
impossible to distinguish them by sight, and they are somewhat

spicy withal.

Obs. by N. W.
Some confusion exists among authors respecting Burman’s plant,

zmbelia. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 237.

which it is highly probable is the same as that just described. — Sai.
vadora persica (see vol. 1. of this work, p. 404.) though approaching
to itin general appearance, differs widely in the structure of the seed,
which has been described and delineated by the younger Gaertner,
Carp. iii, 228, ¢ 222, © Poiret (Encycl. bot. vi, 196.) quotes it as a
synonym tegether with Antidesma Ghaesembilla Gaert, Carp, i.
189, ¢. 39, under Embelia indica, which is the same as E. Ribes
mentioned by Lamarck in the preceding part of that work, vol. if.
354.—I have had abundance of specimens of it from Silhet. The
leaves as well as the flowers are marked with copious, minute, glan-
dular dots, as is the case with all the other species ; the margin of
the petiol is not so crispate as in E, canescens.

I have met with a slight variety of this shrub on the island of
Pinang and Singapore (on Palmer’s hill), in flower and fruit from
August to October; its leaves are smaller, more lanceolate, rather
narrower, terminated by a long, linear, bluntish acumen; in other
respects it agrees so well with the Silhet plant, that 1 cannot venture
to separate them, especially as there are not a few examples of a
singular coincidence of the Malayan flora with that of the eastern
parts of Bengal, such as Clerodendron nutans, Wall., Bignonia mul-
tijuga, Wall., Xanthophyilum flavescens, Roxt. and others,

Embelia differs from Ardisia only inits valvate zstivation ; and from
Myrsine in having hermaphrodite flowers. I may remark here that
a marginally imbricate zstivation is often extremely difficult and
only by analogy to be discerned from a valvate one.—Perhaps all the
three genera, with O¢hera and Orira of Thunberg, and several others
ought to be united, as has been suggested by Mr. Brown, in his re-
marks on Myrsine and the family to which it belongs, in the match.
less prodromus noy, holl. 1. 532 et seqv.-N, W.

2. E. robusta, R.
Arboreous. Leaves from oblong to oval, smooth. Racemes ax-
illary, and terminal, solitary.

if

288 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Enmbeli¢.

Found by Mr, Roxburgh on the Rajmahul hills; from thence he
sent the seeds to this garden, where in six years the plants produced
from them were about ten feet high, with an erect stem, many nearly
erect, and spreading branches, covered with smooth, ash-coloured
bark. ‘The young shoots are somewhat angular and downy.

Leaves alternate, short-petioled, oval, smooth, entire, from two
to three inches Jong, one and half or two broad.—Racemes axillary,
solitary, simple, much shorter than the leaves.—Bractes solitary,
subulate, one-flowered,— Flowers small, short-pedicelled, greenish
white, rather inconspicuous.—Calyz five-leaved, or deeply five-cleft, —
ovate, villous.—Corol five-petalled, ovate, first spreading, afterwards
revulute ; thrice the length of the calyx, villous.— Filaments five, snort;
inserted on the petals, | Anthers cordate-—Germ superior, ovate,
one-celled, containing one ovulum, attached to the bottom of the
cell. Style short. Stagma rather enlarged, but simple.—Berry dry,
spherical, size of a grain of pepper, one-celled, one-seeded.— Seed,
perisperm and embryo as in the former species, viz. copious peri-
sperm, with transverse, serpentine embryo, asin Gaertner’s Anguilla-
rid, i. 372, t. 77.

Obs. by N. WV.

The above shrub has become very large and rambling. All the
young branclies as well as the under surface of the leaves are pube-

scent ; the tender parts densely clothed with rust-coloured, jointed
and glandular tomentum. The leaves and flowers are beset with
resinous dots, which are elevated on the latter.—_N. W.

3. E. westita, Roxb.

Shrubby, scandent, very ramous. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, at-
tenuate, sub-serrulate. Racemes axillary.

Oaour Baberung, the vernacular name in Silhet, where it is in-
digenous in the forests, climbing over trees and shrubs for support.
It is uncommonly well furnished with branchlets and foliage. The

Embelia. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIAS 289

flowers are particularly small and delicate, collected in little oblong,
sub-sessile, axillary racemes. ‘They appear in January.

Obs. by N. IV.

I have only seen the fruit of this species which was communi-
cated by the late Mr. Smith from Silhet.— Berries very numerous,
approximate, globular, pedicelled, forming short cylindric racemes 3
emooth, red, as large as a pepper-corn, slightly retuse at both ends,
pointed with the persistent style. Integument double; exterior
(arillus) crustaceous, elegantly striated with converging longitudinal
lines, shining within. Interior ferruginous, lamellated, entering the
pits of the perisperm which is horny, round. The rest as in the first

species— N. W.

Additional species by N. W.
4, E. villosa, Wall.

Rambling toa great extent. Branches with numerous callous
dots; villous. Leaves oval or roundish-oval, with a short acumen ;
base acute; villous underneath. acemes simple, axillary, fascicled,
Jong and slender, villous.

This species was introduced into the botanic garden together with
E. robusta, R. by the late Mr. W. Roxburgh from Rajmahal. It
blossoms during the hot season. 7

A large, rambling, and climbing, spreading, ramous shrub. Bran-
ches round, long, somewhat zig-zag, villous, marked with innumera-
ble callous, round dots; the upper ends, as well as all the young
parts, densely covered with ferruginous tomentum.—Leaves scate
tered, from oval to sub-rotund-oval, apex roundish with a short, broad
acumen, base tapering, acute, perfectly entire, ciliate, slightly waved
and uneven, from four, to five inches long, dark-green, smooth above,
except along the primary vessels; soft, villous, somewhat hoary

underneath, minutely dotted, the rib and the sub-opposite, parallel,
Kk

290 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Embclia.

very oblique nerves elevated, veins reticulate, especially near the
margin, where they form arched anastomoses.— Pefio? round, slen-
der, villous, half an inch long, only furrowed near the base of the
Jeaf.— Racemes long, slender, cylindric, axillary, mostly two or three
fascicled, sometimes solitary, short-peduncied, clothed with copious,
soft, ariiculate, short hairs, spreading, irom four to six inches long,
~— Flowers small, whitish, very aumerous, on short pedicels, supporte
ed by capillary, villous bractes : calyx, corolla aud even the filaments
with resinous dots; petals pubescent ; in other respects precisely as
in the next species.

Obs. It comes near to E. robusta, but differs in its hairiness and
the long, slender, fascicled racemes.—N, W.

5. E. nutans, Wall.

Shrubby, nodding, at length pendulous, with very dense, slender
branches. -Leaves sub-bifarious, approximate, lanceolate, acuminate,
smooth and shining, waved. Rucemes numerous, short, two or three
together in axillary fascicles.

Introduced into the botanic garden at Calcutta from Szlhet, in
1813, by the late Mr, Smith. It blossoms in the cold season frona
the beginning of December to the middie of January. Its fruit has
not yet been produced here.

A shrub, from three to five feet high, very thickly branched,
nodding. Branches very long, slender, and flexible, the uppermost
together with the apex of the stem pendulous; round, covered with
grey, dotted bark ; while young covered with soft, rust-coloured pus
bescence.—~ Leaves alternate, sub-bifarious, very numerous and ap-
proximate, many times longer than their inferstices, somewhat pen-
dulous, coriaceous, lanceolate, most entire, acuminate, waved, slightly
plicate, smcoth, of a bright green colour, shining above, pale and
minutely dotted underneath, with a pallid, pubescent, or smcoth rib
and sub-transverse, parallel, capillary nerves, which unite in sub-
marginal, reticulate arches.—Petiols very short, pubescent, sulcate.

Embelia. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 991

—-Racemes small, axillary, four times shorter than the leaves, soli.
tary or two or three-fascicled, erect, on very short, round, pe-
duncles, which as well as the short pedicels are beset with ferru-
ginous pubescence. A small withering linear bractlet under each
pedicel, half the length of it, Flower small, white, verging to green-
ish, possessing a very disagreeable smell.—Calyx flatish, spreading, —
pubescent, divided into five ovate, acute segments.—Corol/a twice as
long as the calyx; petals alternating with the former, lanceolate, acute,
obscurely villous within ; estivation valyate. Stamina equalling the
corolla in length; fi/aments subulate, inserted and partly received
into the base of the opposite petals: anthers ovate, with longitudi-
nal cells.— Ovary very small. Style cy indric, short. Stigma simple.

Obs, This is a very elegant shrub, its dense branches and leaves
and nodding or pendulous habit rendering it a desirable ornament

in borders and shrubberies.—N. W.

6. E. floribunda, Wall.

Scandent, smooth, with extremely slender branches. Leaves
oblong-lanceolate, finely acuminate, with straight margins. Panicles
axillary, of many, long, slender racemes.

I have found it abundantly in Nipal, on Chundra-eiri, Sheopore,
and at Thankote, also in more northerly situations. It flowers from
December to February and is in fruit from March to M ay.

A most extensive, beautiful climber, rambling over Jarge trees.
Bark pallid, scabrous, from a great number of ash-grey, elevated
dots. Branches extremely long, slender, flaccid and pendulous.—
Leaves alternate, oblong-lanceolate, from five to six inches long,
finely acuminate, rounded, and frequently somewhat unequal at the
base, with most entire, straight, sub-revolute margins; coriaceous,
smooth, dotted with numerous semi-pellucid points, especially near
the circumference, where they form a marginal row ; dark-green and
shining above, pale underneath, with elevated rib and capillary, sub-

Cpposite, almost inconspicuous nerves, —Petiols about one-third of
BK k2

9G PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Embelia.

aninch long, with a deep, sharp-margined furrow.— Stipules none.—
Panicies axillary, solitary, very numerous along the younger bran-
ches; ovate, acute, short-peduncled, consisting of many cylindric,
slender, scattered, sub-sessile, spreading racemes, three or four ine
ches long, of dense, fragrant, small, yellowish green flowers —Pe-
duucles slender, round, a little pubescent.— Bracles under the yami-
fications, and small, linear, membranous pedicels, marked with
brow n-glandular dots, disposed in small Jines—Fedicels three lines
long.—_Ca/yx very small, persistent, divided into five, lanceolate,
spreading, dotted, membrane-margined segments. Petals three times
the size of the calyx, alternating withits segments, lanceolate, very
spreading, sub-recurved, slightly pubescent, ciliate, with capitate
minute glands; estivation valvate.—-Stamens opposite to the petals,
equalling them in length and inserted a little above thetr base ;
spreading. Wilaments subulate; anthers ovate, acute, with twin
cells.—Ovary minute, ovate, smooth.—Style subulate, short, persis-
tent. Stigma simple.— Berry round-obovate, cuspidate, acute, with
the persistent style supported by the calyx, divaricate or reflexed,
red, smooth, scarcely larger than a coriander seed.— Fles/. thin, suc-
culent.— Seed globular, elegantly marked with six or seven large pits,
into which the brown lamellated, membranous integument enters.—

Embryo cylindric, transversal, long.—N. W.

7. E. canescens, W. Jack.

‘Scandent, with villous branches. Leaves ovate-oblong, acuminate,
with retuse base, villous underneath. Petiol deeply furrowed, with
crispate-glandular margins. | Peduncles terminal, branchy, consist-
ing of very long, hairy racemes. Petals villous on both sides.

A native of Pulo-Pinang, where it was discovered by the late
Mr. Jack, m 1819.
Malay, Assum Ootan.
A climbing shrub, with slender, villous, sub-flexuose branches.—

Leaves ovate-oblong, acuminate, bluatish, with gibbous, membrana-

Myrsine. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 293

ceous, revolute margins ; base narrower, slightly retuse ; four inches
long and about two broad at their cuter part; smooth above, dotted,
finely reticulate underneath, with capillary, numerous nerves and the
elevated villous rib.— Petzo/ short, villous, deeply furrowed, and the
margins remarkably crispate, sub-glandular.— Panicle ample, terminal,
branchy, consisting of numerous, very long and slender, hoary, spread-
ing racemes. Teduneles fili orm ; pedicels capillary , fascicled, or so-
litary, four lines long, supported by a minute bracte.— lowers white.
—Calyv very small. Pedals lanceolate, villous on both sides; the
filaments inserted above their base.— Berry round, apiculate, when
dry blackish, rugose like a pepper-corn, which it also equals in size.

Obs. It approaches so ciosely to E. Ribes as to make it doubt-
ful whether or not they ought to be separated. Orn attending, how-
ever, to the following points I think they may be discriminated, In
that species the leaves are smaller, lanceolate, acute at the base, quite
smooth, the petiols less crispated ; in ours the leaves are larger, ovate,
with a retuse base, and villous under surface ; the panicles are like-

wise much larger and more hoary, and the racemes longer in our

plant—N. W

Gaesasaee)

Additional genera by N. W.

MYRSINE. Linn,

Polygamous. Corolla four- seldom five-cleft. Avthers almost

sessile. QOvarium four or five-seeded,.. Stigma mostly lobate or
Jaciniate. Drupe round, with a crustaceous, one-seeded shell,_—

Brown. prodr. nev. holl.i. 533,

1. M. semiserrata, Wall.
Arboreous, erect. Leaves sharply serrulate from the middle to

$94 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA+ Myrsine.

the apex. Flowers peduncled, fascicled. Style short. Stigma dimi-
diate, unilateral, laciniate and fringed.

Parb. and Newar, Bilsee and Beresee ; also Kalikatha.

1 have found it in most parts of Nipal which I have visited, both
on the smaller hills and the highest mountains of Chundra-gari and
Sheopore, where if blossoms and Is in fruit during the cold season,
from Decemberto March. It is a'so anative of the western part
of that kingdom.

A branchy tree, from thirty to forty feet high, with a trunk of about.
six inches in diameter, covered with pretty even, pale bark. Branches
-round, ash-ccloured, with many prominent, callous dots; branche
Jets angular, smooth.— Buds terminal, conical, slender, reddish from
Copious resinous dots ; scales lanceolate.— Leaves very close to each
other, scattered, spreading, from !anceolate to linear-lanceolate, attes
nuate at each end, acuminate, from three to five inches long, coriaces
ous and firm, finely cuspidate-serrulate from the middle to the apex,
sometimes from the base almost, rarely on one side only ; on Juxu.« ;
yiant shoots sometimes eatire and coloured; they are smooth and
shining, copiously besprinkled with reddish, resinous, pellucid dots,
especially along the recurved margins, where they form a line; the un.
der side with a prominent rib and fine oblique nerves uniting in
sub-marginal, reticulate arches.— Petiols short, scarcely more than
two lines long, dotted, flattish above.—Séipules none Flowers
small, scentless, tetrandrous or pentandrous, hermaphrodite and
male on the same or on different trees, from six to twelve together
in very numerous, axillary, rounded fascicles, which are surrounded
at the base by small, ovate, deciduous, brownish scales.— Peduneles
half an inch long, slender and filiform, sub-clavate, obscurely angu-
Jar, dotted ; those in the centre of the fascicle sometimes abortive or
deficient.— Calyx persistent, copiously marked with elevated, resin-
ous dots; with five lanceolate, acute, spreading, ciliate teeth.— Corolla
rotate, of a light pink colour, dotted, twice as large as the
calyx; lacinie lanceolate, recurved, alternating with the teeth «.

Myrsine. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 295

the calyx; tube very short.—Fi/aments extremely short, inserted
immediately under the base of, and opposite to the lacinie. Are
thers large, ovate, erect, orange-coloured, bursting longitudinally om
each side,—Pistz/ longer than the stamens, dotted. Ovary ovate,
one-celled, from three to four-seeded ; the ovula semi-immersed in a
horizontal circular line, round a fleshy, globular, erect and free nla-
cenfa. Style columnar, short. Stigma fleshy, with sub-infundibuli-
form base, and:a large, dimidiate, unilateral, fimbriated, three-lobed,
sub-laciniate limb.— Male flowers smaller than the unifed ones, with
Iilac anthers and a rudiment of the pistil. Drupe the size of a pea,
red, globular, apiculate, a little depressed, supported by the unale
tered, minute calyx ; smooth and shining. Jesh soft and pulpy.
Seed one, erect, round. Putamen crustaceous, smooth. Integument
membranous. Perisperm conform to the seed, cartilaginous, pitted
and slightly ruminate externally ; pearl-coloured. Seed cylindric, long,
slightly curved, very nearly horizontal, almost equalling the perisperm
in length, its extremities reaching almost to the surface. Cotydedous
semi-cylindric, blunt, their inside flat ; radicula obtuse.
Obs. The wood of this species is of a Chocolate-colour, ra-
diated, compact and heavy; itis much esteemed by the hill people
for various carpenters works. They eat the ripe fruit.—N. W.

2. M. capitellata, Wall.

Arboreous, erect. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, most entire, leathery,
Flowers sessile in axillary heads. Style long and thick. Stigma
blunt, smooth, entire.

This T have found as common as the preceding and inhabiting the
same places. ‘Time of flowering the same.

Parb. Syade.

Newar. Bhooee Billoo.

A tree, resembling the preceding in stature and general appear-
ance. Branchlets thick and angular. Leaves scattered, approxi-
mate, spreading, tough and leathery, from oblong-lanceolate to

296 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA: Myrsine.

oval; acuminate ; acute at the base; entire and without any tendency
to serratures ; from five to seven inches long; copiously dotted
Hear the sharp margin; shining above, pale and slightly glaucous
underneath, with an elevated mb, and capillary, almost invisible nerves -
on very short, thick, channelled, sometimes pink-coloured petiods.
Flowers polygamous, sessile, crowded in numerous small, rounded
heads in the axils and vestiges of the jallen leaves, in which latter case
they appear to be lateial ; greenish, with copious minute, elevated,
resinous, brown dots, supported by small, ovate, concave, permanent,
coriaceous bractes ; these heads are sessile or elevated on very short,
thick, woody peduncles, scubrous with the permanent bractes.— Mistz-
vation valvate.—Calyz urcevlate, with five ovate, acute teeth. Corolla
twice the size of ihe calyx, with lanceolate, recurved segments, and
short tube.— Filaments short, subulate. Anthers erect, oblong. Ova-
vy roundish, the internal structure as in the preceding species. Style
thick and fleshy, twice as long as the corolla, ratier larger in the
middle, a little curved towards the apex ; the base sub-immersed in
the slightly depressed ovary. Séigma blunt, or obscurely two-lobed.
The male flowers vather larger. Drupe as in the preceding species
but smaller.

Obs. The wood of this tree is hard and durable like that of M.
semiserrata, and is used for similar purposes. The fruit is a!so eaten,

—N. W.

3. M. bifaria, Wall.

Arboreous, or shrubby, erect, with villous branchlets and petiols.
Leaves small, lanceolate, cuspidato-serrulate, and cuneate, entire at
the base. Flowers sub-sessile, fascicled, tetrandrous.

Common in Nipal, from Hetounra to the valley, and on the sur-
rounding mountains ; time of blossoming and fruiting the same as the
preceding, I have also had it from Koomaoon and Shreenugur.

A small tree, about twenty feet high, irregularly divided from the
bottom so as to have scarcely any definite stem, Branches round,

Myrsine. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 297

smooth, with grey dotted bark; while young slightly villous with
short, jointed, ferrnginous or reddish, copious hairs.— Leaves small,
alternate, approximate, bifarious, spreading, coriacecus, lanceolate,
or cuneate-lanceolate, acute, sharply serrulate, each serrature ending
ina sharp point, tapering and subeentire at the base, very smooth; and
minutely dotted as in the preceding species; lucid and slightly con-
cave above, pallid or whitish underneath with scarcely visible reticulate
nerves; from half an inch to an inch and half long.—Pefiol scarcely
a line Jong, a little villous, slightly channelled. Flowers united and
male, tetrandrous, white, with a pale pink tint, five, or six fascicled
jn axillary, numerous, round, small bunches, besprinkled with cop ous
brown, elevated, resinous dots. Peduncles fleshy, very short, each
with an ovate, concave, dotted, deciduous bractlet at the base. Calyx
and corolla with lanceolate, ciliate divisions. Filaments very short,
subulate, widening and almost uniting at their base. Anthers large,
oblong, erect, purple, nearly twice as long as the corolla. Style
short. Stigma large, flat, verrucose.— Rudiment of the pistil in the
male flowers with a minute point. Drupe round, red, smooth, about

the size of a coriander seed.
Obs. The tree comes very near to M. africana. The beriies are

much infested with a parasitical fungus, consisting of numerous spread-
ing, rigid, black, columnar, capitate bodies, which stain the fingers
with black dust.—N. W.

4, M. pachysandra, Wall.

Arboreous, erect. Leaves smooth, oblong-lanceolate, acuminate,
entire, Flowers hermaphrodite, pedicelled, glandular, furming nue
merous axillary and lateral fascicles (from the vestiges of the fallen
leaves.) Anthers large.

A small tree found growing on the hills at Pinang by Mr.
George Porter; in blossom in the beginning of the year.

Branches cylindric with elevated decurrent Jines; villous; while
LA

298 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Myrsine.

young densely so, and ferruginous.— Leaves lauceolate, elongated,
‘scattered, very close to each other, short-petioled, tapering, acu-
minate; base acute; leathery, entire, smooth, shining above; with
‘many, parallel, oblique, fine nerves underneath, which unite in arches
‘close to the margin; rib slender, prominent, appearing to be keeled
above when dry ; velus invisible ; when held to the light they appear
besprinkled with copious, minute, brown, round or linear, traus-

parent dots; from four to seven inches long ;

g; pubescent while

‘young.— Petiol as long asa nail, convex, with a flattish furrow
above.—Flowers white, small, slightly villous, copiously marked
on all tle internal ag well as external parts with brown elevated
round or linear, Jargish dots; pedicelled, collected in dense, axillary,
yound, sub-sessile fascicles, or from the vestiges of the fallen leaves ;
sn the latter case they occupy and almost cover the branches for
a good length under the leavess— Pedicels round, villous, four lines
jong, supported by very minute bractes. Calyx spreading, villous,
with lanceolate, acute, cillate teeth.— Corolla rotate, smooth, dotted,
three times the size of the calyx; before expansion spirally imbri-
cate and conical ; /acini@ ovate, acute, spreading, their base pubes.
cent ; tube very short.—Filaments five, very short, opposite the
Jaciniz, a little pubescent at their broad bases, which unite in a nar-=
Yow margm. Sterile ones none. Anthers erect, large and thick,
ovate, acute, cuspidate, sub-triangular, uniting imto a conical five-
cornercd tube round ihe style, at length free, the back fleshy with
many elevated large dots ; cells marginal, longitudinal. Ovary glo-
buiar, sessile, without any surrounding disc, one-celled ; ovula five
or-more, flattish, round, irregularly scattered and sub-immersed, on a
globular, fleshy, erect placenta. Style filiform, a little longer than
the stamina. Stigma simple.—i have only seen one unripe, impers
fect fruit, which was oblong, dotted with glands, six lines long, sup-
ported by the unaltered calyx, on a lengthened divaricate peduncle ;
one-celled. 2
Obs. This tree is exceedingly like a Bumelia, Gaert, fil. Carp.

Myrsine. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 299

iii, 126, t.202, and it approaches closely to Sideroxylon and Chry-
sophy/lum.— The structures of the flowers, their glandular nature, and
above all the anatomy of the ovary prove it to belong to the family
of Myrsineg, and probably to the genus under which I have placed

i=

5. M. ? undulata, Wall. |

Shrubby, climbing, smooth. Leaves lanceolate, membranous,
with entire, undulate margins. | Racemes lateral in the axils of the
fallen leaves. Flowers tetrandrous, four-petalled. Stamina shorter
than the corolla.

This is rather an uncommon shrub in Nipal where I have only
found it on Sheopore, blossoming in May.

A large climbing, smooth, branchy shrub. Bark ash-coloured,
somewhat spungy, with numerous, callous dots. Branches slender,
round; the old ones sub-pendulous, the young shoots ascending;
with terminal, smal!, subulate buds.— Leaves alternate, membranous,
smooth, lanceolate, acuminate; base acute; margins slightly waved,
entire, rib brownish, nerves and veins capillary, reticulate ; besprink-
led with scattered diaphanous minute lines or dots; the upper side
shining; from three to four inches long; taste slightly acidulous.—
Petiols very short, furrowed, slightly membrane-margined, jointed
at the base. Stipules none.—Racemes scarcely an inch long, sub-

sessile, lateral from the axils of the fallen leaves, spreading, numer=
ous.— Peduncle thickish, cylindric, pubescent.—Pedicels scattered,
spreading, pubescent, three or four lines long, jointed at the base
and supported by a small lanceolate bracte.—Flowers small, scentless,
yellowish, white, dotted. Calyrovate, smooth, four-cleft ; acini
ovate, obtuse.— Corolla four times as long as the calyx, spreading,
four-petalled ; petals lanceolate, acute, thickish, a little concaye above,
scabrous, somewhat gland-ciliate ; during zstivation two are exte-
rior, and two interior, Stamina four, spreading, a little shorter than

the petals, inserted above the base of them, aud from thence decurs.
L12

300 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Myrsine.

rent ; filaments subulate, fleshy, marked on the inside with a longitu-
dinal furrow. Anthers erect, rather large, bilocular, with cordate
base. Ovarium conical, acute, without any surrounding disc; one.
ceiled ; ovula two, opposite, sub-immersed, on an erect, globular, fleshy
placenta, placed a little above its middle, Style thick, short. Séig-
ma orviculate sub-infundibuliform, rugose.

Oés. The imbricate zstivauon and hermaphrodite four-petalled
flowers have induced me rather to bring it under the polymorphous
genus Myrsine than under Embelia.—N. W. }

6. M. aurantiaca, Wall. |

Shrubby, climbing, smooth. Leaves thick and leathery, ovate-lan-
ceolate, entire. Racemes axillary, tetrandrous, four-petalled; filae
ments very long.

A single male shrub was produced in 1803 in the botanic garden
from seeds sent by the late Dr. Heyne from the Peninsula. It
blossomed for the first time in March 1815, and has continued ever
since producing male flowers annually.

A large rambling branchy shrub, climbing over a considerable tree;
with a stem about two inches and a half thick, covered with grey,
pretty smooth bark; branches s'ender, round, long, pendulous,
smooth, grey; when young they are rigid, sometimes quite leatless,
refracted, forming a sort of inoffeusive spines on the stem and larger
branches.—Leaves scattered irregularly, sub-bifarious, somewhat
pendulous, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, acute at both ends, dark
green; lucid above, opaque underneath, with an elevated rib ; destitute
of nerves and veins; with sharp, sub-membranous, slightly récurved
margins; perfectly smooth, tough, leathery, dotted when viewed under
the lens, from three to five inches long.—Petiu/s slender, round,

soniewhat twisted, sharply but not deeply channelled,an inch long.— -

Flowers inodorous, orange-coloured, forming small, oblong

g, obtuse,

sessile, axillary racemes, equalling the petiols iu length. Rachis augular,
slender; the small lanceolate, concave, persistent bractlets, very short
pedicels and calyces are beset with minute, glandular dots.—Calyx very

Leucopogon. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 20k

small, deeply divided into four acute, gland-ciliate segments,
Corolla four-petalled, much larger than the calyx ; petads linear-ob-
long, obtuse, recurved, about two lines tong, yellowish and smooth
without, covered within with dense, short, glandular, orange-coloured
villosity ; ciliate — Filaments four, divaricate, filiform, smooth, oppo-
site to the petals, and with them inserted round the rudiment; twice
their length. Anthers lanceolate, smallish, incumbent, longitudiualiy
two-celled.— Rudiment of the pistil short, conical.— fruté ot seen.
Obs. This too is a doubtful species. It bears a great likeacss to
Samara, which Mr. Brown considers as belonging to Myrsine,
though the fruit of that genus seems to differ widely. Except in the
aliernate leaves it is much like S. daeta, Linn. (Cornus zeylanica
sylvestris altera, Korakaha dicta, Burm, zeyl. 76. ¢. 31.)—N. W.

LEUCOPOGON, R. Brown.

Calyx with two bractes. Corolla infundibuliform, with bearded,
spreading limb. 2laments enclosed. Ovary from two to fives
celled. Drupe baccate or dry, sometimes crustaceous.—Prodr. fi,
nov. holl, i. 541.

1. L. malayanus, W. Jack in Mal. Mise. i.

Spikes axillary, many-flowered, erect, short. Drupes globular,
five-celled. Leaves lanceolate, mucronate, nearly veinless, glaucous
beneath.

Malay, Mentada.

Found abundantly at Singapore.

A small brancby sirub, with hard dry leaves, exhibiting the peculiar
habit of this family.— Leaves alternate, sessile, lanceolate, acute,
mucronate, very entire, very smooth, shining and convex above,
somewhat glaucous below and when examined by the microscope,
appearing to be covered with numerous very minute white dots, firm,
With scarcely perceptble longitudinal nerves. Sptkes axillary, erect,

302 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Leucopogen,

much shorter than the leaves ; peduncles somewhat tomentose, Ca-

Lyx supported at the base by two oval, acute, concave bractes ; five-

leaved, ob.ong, acute ; leatlets lanceolate, glaucescent, ciliate. Corolla
infundibul:foim,a little longer than the calyx, quinquefid, puberulous ;
segments lanceolate, bearded above beyond the base. Sfamina five,

short, alternate with the lacima. Sv/aments subulate, Anthers sub-

pendulous, marked on each side with a longitudinal furrow, ° simple
and bursting longitudinally in the manner so accurately described by
Mr. R. Brown, |. c. p. 535. Pollen globose. Ovary surrounded
at the base by five distinct, erect, obtuse scales ; five-celled, each cell’
containing a single, oblong ovulum. Style erect, villous. Stigma
sub-vlobose. Drupe baccate, sub-globose, five-celled, cells one-
seeded.

Obs. The discovery of this species is remarkable as forming an
exception to the general geographical distribution of the Epacridee,
afamily almost exclusively confined to Australasia, or at least to
the Southern hemisphere. Singapore, situated at the extremity of
the Malay peninsula, and forming as it were the connecting link
between Continental or Western India and the isiands of the great
Eastern Archipelago, partakes of this character in its Fiora, which
exhibits many remarkable points of coincidence with the F.oras of
both regions. I have had occasion to observe resemblances between
its productions and those of the Northern frontier of Bengal on the
one hand, and of the Moluccas on the other, while the present con-
mects if with the stil more distant range of new Holland.—W,
Jack, |. cit.

Obs. by N. W.

1 have met with this elecant shrub in great abundance on the
small hills of the island mentioned in the preceding most acurate
description, also on the adjacent islets, covered with flowers and
fruitin October.—It grows to the height of three feet. The leaves

When dry become very glaucous and bloomy undemeath; thei

Euthemis. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 303

point is subulate, slightly deflexed. Among a large collection of

drawings m the possession of my worthy friend Lieut. Colonel. W.
Farquhar, the resident at Singapore, who has spent many years in
the Maiay countries, doing good and promoting researches i natu-
rai history, to which he is himseit zealously and successfully devot-
ed, 1 found one of this very plant which he imtormed me he met
with near the summit of mount Ophir, situated about thirty miles
from Maiacca, and elevated nearly jour thousand feet above the
level of the Sea.—N. W.

EUTHEMIS, W. Jack, in Mal. Miscell. i.

Calyx infeitor, five-leaved. Carolla five-petalled. Stamina
hypogynous, with oblong, acuminate anthers bursting at the apex
With two pores. S¢y/e filiform, equaling the stamina. Berry five-
seeded. Seeds disposed round the axis, oblong, angular within,
euciosed in a fibrous arijius, albummous. Hmbryo inverse, cylin-

dric, as long aimost as the seed, with superior radicuia.

1. E. leucocarpa, W. J. .

Leaves lanceolate, beautifully spinuloso-serrate. Racemes bran-
chy at the base. Berries glubular, white.

Malay, Plawan bruk.

Native of forests at Singapore,

A shrub of uncommon elegance and beauty, erect, four or five feet
in height; branchlets round, smooth, sometimes slightly angled.
Leaves alternate, petiolate, lanecolate, acute, decurrent on the petiol,
spinuloso-serrate, very smooth and shining, beautifully striated
with fine parallel, transverse nerves.— Petio/es margined, flat and
channelled above, dilated at the base into a thick, rounded, prominent
rim, which half embraces the stem.—Stipules lanceolate, acuminate,
ciliate, very deciduous.— tacemes erect, with one or two branches
near the base, at first terminal, afterwards lateral and oppositifolius

|

304 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Euthemés.

by the shooting up of the stem from the base of the peduncle.—
Flowers pedicellaie, generally in pairs.— Bractes ovate, acute.—Calyr

inferior, five-leaved, spreading ; leaflets ovate, obtuse, ciliate, the two

inner ones rather smaller.—Corol/a white, sometimes tinged with
purple, five-petaled ; petals twice as long as the calyx, reflexed,
ovate-oblung, obtuse.—Stamina five, inserted below the ovarium ;
alternating with these are sometimes found five, short, abortive fila~
ments. —Fi/aments very short.— Anthers longer, erect, converging
round the style, oblong, prolonged into acumina which are sometimes
a little contorted, and which open at their summits by a pore; the
cells are adnate below to the sides of the filament.— Ozary oblong,
acute.— Style filiform, erect, equai to the stamina.— Stigma simple.
Berry snow-white, globular, obscurely angled, crowned with the
persistent style, which 1s obliquely detlexed ; of a spongy or farinose
substance, containing in the centre five seeds, which are disposed
round the axis, and enclosed in arilli, composed of tough longitudi-
nal fibres.— Seeds (pyrenae ?) oblong, somewhat reniform, hard.—

Albumen conform to the seed.— Embryo inverse, cylindrical, nearly

as long as the seed. Cotyledons semi-cylindric, obtuse. Radicle

superior, longer than the cotyledons.
The branches are terminated by long corniculate buds in which

the gemmation is involute.—W. Jack, 1. cit.

2. E. minor, W. J.

Leaves narrow-lanceolate, slightly serrulate. Racemes undivided.
Berry red, angular, acuminate.

Found at Singapore along with the preceding.

This is a smaller shrub than the former, branched and smooth.—

eaves alternate, petiolate, linear-lanceolate, rather obtuse with a
mucro, attenuated towards the petiol, slightly serrulate, very smooth,
shining, finely striated with transverse veins—Peéioles short, thick-
ened at the base, channelled above.—Stipules linear, ciliate.— Ra-
cemes simple, erect, at first terminal, becoming afterwards lateral.

Euthemis. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 306

—Flowers alternate, pedicellate, often in pairs. There is a single
leaf-like bracte and several smaller ones at the base of the pedicels,
Jess deciduous than in the preceding. Calyr five-leaved; leaflets
ovate, ciliate. Corolla white, spreading, five-petalled ; petals \ance=
olate, acute.—Stamina five, erect, conniving, hypogynous ; filaments
very short; anthers yellow, oblong, broader at the base, two-cell-
ed, cells adnate to the sides of the filament prolonged above into ai
acumen, opening at the top by a pore.—Ovary oblong, acute. Style
a little longer than the stamina. Stigma simple. Berry red, five-
angled, acuminate, composed of a whitish farmaceous pulp, and
containing five seeds, each enveloped in a tough, fibrous arilius and
in structure the same as the preceding.—W. Jack, l. cit.

3. E.? elegantissima, Wall.

Leaves eliiptic-lanceolate, tapering at both ends, finely acuminate,
sharply and minutely serrulate, the nerves reticulate and uniting in
two or more sub-marginal arches,

A native of the same place as the preceding, and of the contigue
ous isles.

A small shrub, with slender, round, greyish branches, smooth on
all its parts.— Leaves alternate, spreading, much longer than their in-
terstices, from six to nine inches long, sometimes narrow-lanceolar,
coriaceous but thinner than those of the preceding two species, sere
rulate, the serratures very numerous, small and sharply cuspidate,
greatly tapering at both extremities, finely acuminate, glossy and po-«
lished above, shining underneath, vascular on both sides, chiefly be-
neath, of a light green colour. The disposition of the nerves is so
elegant and beautiful as to setall description which I can give at de-
fiance, and to exceed any other instance that has come under my ob-
servation. I remember well that Dr. Roxburgh used to consider the
leaves of his Aguilaria Agallochum in this respect unequalled, but £
am satisfied he would have conceded the palm to my plant, had he

had the happiness of seeing it, as I have done in its wild, or even in
Mm

- 306 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. -Puthemis.

the dried state. From each side of the rib, which is rather strong and
prominent, issue a great number of alternating, capillary, exceeding-
ly-fine, slightly divided and reticulate nerves, which proceed ina cur-
ved and oblique, not altogether parallel directicn, towards the circum-
ference of the leaf, where they unite by means of others forined by
two or more of the lowermost ‘nerves, and several from the middle of
the rib, on each side, running along the margin in parallel directions
-at the distance of a line or two from it, as well as from each other,
some continuing to the very apex, others disappearing in the separate
vessel, which lies-extremely close to the margin, sending from thence
-amimute somewhat thickened ramificatiomto each individual toothlet.
"The veins are so minute as not to-be visible except under the lens,
they are exceedingly approximate, parallel, reticulated, transversal
with respect to the leaf, but oblique in regard to the nerves between
which they proceed backward and forward.—Petiol from haif an
inch.to an inch long, more or-less margined, sometimes even serru=
Jate aown to the very base im consequence of the decurrent base of
the leaf. Stipules axillary, opposite, erect, intra-axillary, fron) four
to five lines long, caducous, leaving a permanent vestige, narrow-lan-
cevlar, sub-laciniate and deeply divided into filiform Jong teeth, pa-
vallel-nerved, Fiuctification not seen.

Obs. Aithough | have not been so fortunate as to meet with tlits
plant in flower yet I have little doubt that it belongs to the same genus
with the preceding two species which { have found growing in fo-
rests at Singapore and the adjacent small islands near the sea-shore,

dn flower and fruit in September and October. E. leucocarpa I have

likewise met with on the island of Pinang, The foliation and sti-

ulation is the same in ali three. In that shrub the nerves are ex-
ceedingly close to each other and quite parallel; the margins and
curved teeth are cartilaginous ; in E. minor the nerves are scarcely
visible. ‘The leaves in the last described species are sub-chaitace=
ous ; in the others they are mgid and coriaceous.—N, W.

Lurycoma. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIAe 807°

: EURYCOMA, W. Jack.

Calyr five-parted. Corolla five-petalled. Ten glands alternating
wih the stamens. Ovary five-lobed ; lobes one-seeded. Stigmas
five. Capsules from three- to five-follicular, smooth, one-seeded. Seed:
naked.

Natural order, Connaracee.
Polygamous. Leaves. pmnated, fastigiate. Flowers panicled.

¥. E. longifolia, W. Jack.

Malay, Kagu Kabol.

Found at Tappanooly and Bencoolenin Sumatra, and at Singa»
pore.

Thus is a sma'l tree, whose branches are thick, rough with the vese
tives of fallen ‘eaves and foliose at their summits, Leaves crowded
at the extremity of the branches, two feet long, pinnated with numer.
ous leaflets, which are oblong-lanceolate, acute, very entire, very
smooth ; two or three inches in length. | Panicles axillary, very long,
Flowers wale and hermaphrodite on different plants. Ca/yx small,
five-parted. Coroéla longer than the calyx, purpie, tomentose with-
out, with glandular hairs, petals erect, with inflexed margins. Stu
mina five, erect, shorter than the petals, alternating with five pair of
villous corpuscules which are large and distinct in the male flower,
very smali in the hermaphrodite. Ovary five-lobed, lobes monospore
ous ; in the male very small and abortive, Style one, short, curved.
Stigmata tive, thick, recurved, Capsules from three to five, nearly
ovate, smooth, bursting on one side, one-seeded. Seed. naked, (with=
out aril or caruncie) exalbuminous.

Obs. The corpuscules interposed between the stamina are re.
markable in the male flower, being roundish, erect, yellow bodias,

with somewhat the appearance of abortive anthers, in the hermes
M m2

308 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Sabie.

plirodite, however they become simple scales. The genus differs
from Cnestis in the number of the stamina, the simple style, and the
smoothness of the capsules; and from Connarus in the number of the
ovaries and stigmas, and the want of the umbilical caruacula,—
W.. Jack, 1. cit.

I have gathered abundance of specimens of this tree both at Sin=
gapore, and at Pulo-Dinding near Pinang, as well as on the last
mentioned island, in flower and fruit from August to November.
Vhe branches are covered with smooth, brown bark ; young shoots as
we las petlols villous, ferruginous ; leaflets sub-opposite, sessile,
scarcely an inch distant from each other, more or less oblique at the
acute base, the lower margin being always narrower ; underneath
they are giaucous, almost veinless, with alternate, remote, sub-trans=
versal, broadish, scarcely elevated nerves, which unite near the mar-
gin in reticulate arches, aud prominent rib; they are inserted by
means of a hollow joint on a sub-quadrangular rachis; the lower-
most pairs and the terminal odd one smaller than the rest. ‘The
Capsules. are scarcely an inch long, of a dark purple colour, pedi«
celed, sub-umbe.late, resembling somewhat the fruits of an Uvaria
in shape and appearaace.—N, W.

SABIA, Colebr. in Linn. trans. xii. 351, and $55.

Calyx inferior, five-cleft. Corolla five-petalous. Petals ‘anceo-
late. Stamina free, opposite to the petals and calycine segments,
inserted round the base of a perigynous, five-lobed disc. Drupe
deeply two-lobed; /obes reniform, ene-seeded, one of them some-
times abortive or wanting. Embryo erect, folded.

Natural order. Notwithstanding several anomalies it seems to be-
lung to Terebinthacea, Juss. and not tobe far removed from the order
of this extensive family called Cassucvig by that distinguished botanist

(Anacardee of R. Brown in Tuckey’s account of the expedition to

Sabia. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 369

Zaire, append. p.431.) It must not beconfounded with Willdenow’s
Savia, Sp. iv. 771, which is Croton sessiliflorum, Sw.

1. S. lanceolata, Colebr. 1. cit. tab. 14,

Perfectly smooth, Leaves oblong-lanceolate slightly bullate. Co-
rymbs axillary and terminal.

Beng. Soobja.

A native of Silhet, from whence it was introduced into the Hon.
Company’s botanic garden at Calcutta in 1814, where it grows luxu-
riantly and blossoms in the month of May.

Having observed the plant in its growing state I am enabled to
make the following additions to the description quoted above.

A branchy, extensively rambling, smooth shrub.— Branches, long,
slender, slightly flexuose, round, brown, while young of a glaucous
green colour, surrounded at the base with several persistent, ovate,
brown bud-sca/es.— Leaves of an oblong-lanceolate form, with nearly
parallel margins, tapering at both ends, genera ly long-acuminate, lea-
thery, lucid and somewhat bullate above, pale and rather glaucous
beneath, with numerous, elegantly reticulate veins, and approximate,
sub-opposite, nearly transversal nerves, which unite at some distance
from the margin by means of slender arches; rib elevated.— Petiol
vound, a little furrowed, one-third of an inch long.—Stzpules none.
— Flowers very fragrant.— Petals opposite to the segments of the
small caiyx and to the insertion of the stamens, and like the style
and filaments marked with numerous, linear, purple dots, Aistivation
imbricate, conical.— Filaments fleshy, inserted between the petals
and the fleshy disc or nectary, with the five, somewhat obtuse, subu-
late teeth of which they alternate.—Anthers at first broader than long
and nodding, becoming afterwards erect and oblong, bilocular, bursting
witha common dorsal, longitudinal fissure.— Ovary round-ovate, divid-
ed into two lobes bya pretty deep vertical furrow, two-celled, two-
seeded ; ovuda erect, attached tothe base of the chorda pistillaris ; one
of them often abortive. Style with two opposite furrows. Stigma blunt.

310 PENTANDRIA MONOGYRNIA. Sabie.

— Drupes two, sometimes only one, obovate-reniform, somewhat com:
pressed, rugose, reticulate, smooth, obtuse and gibbous at the apex,
eight lines long, generally unequal in size ; their inner sides paraliel,
emarginate ; united near their insertion in the persistent ealyx by the
permanent base of the style, which splits in two at the base as the
fruit attains its {ull size, the apex continuing entire for a considera-
ble time afterwards as ia Metrasucme.—N. W.

2.8. parviflora, Wall.

Young parts slightly pubescent. Leaves ovate, with membranous,
waved margins. Peduncles axillary, few-flowered. Petals lanceolate.
Styles two.

A common skrub on a‘l the mountains round the valley of Nipal;
bli ssoming in March and April; the fruit ripening in June.

An extensive climber, resembling the former in stature and general
appearance. Young branches and petioles slightly pubescent.—
Leaves ovate, or ovate-oblong, sometimes lanceolate, especialiy while
young, acuminate, ending in a small cuspis, base acute, margins
rounded, membranous, elegantly waved; scarcely more than haif the
length of those of the preceding species, not exceeding three inches,
but proportionally broader and the sides rounder in other respects
precisely like them; while young thin and membranous, with browa-
ish, sub-cillate margins.— Peduncles axillary and terminal, loose, fili-
form, compressed, purplish, half as long as the leaves,or equal-
ling them, once or twice dichotomous, from five. to seven-flow ered.
* Pedicels sub-clavate, half the length of a nail, with a few, minute,
scattered, ciliate ractlets.—F lowers smaller than in the last spe-
cies, dark-purple, scentless.—Calyr deeply five-cleft, coloued ;
division lanceolate or ovate, acute or obtuse, rather unequal in
size. Petals lanceolate, acute, scarcely two lines long, dotted,
veined, two or three exterior, the rest interior, alternating with
or opposite to the calycine segments.—Filaments very short,
straight, inserted immediately opposite to the base of the petals;

Sabia. YPENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. $11

somewhat unequal. Anthers oblong, evect; the dehiscence takes
place towards their back, in consequence of which they appear as if
they were posterior. Ovarium and discus as in the preceding. Styles
two, parallel and contiguous, St/gma singie, obtuse.—Fruit smaller
- than that of the preceding species.—N. W.

3. S. campanulata, Wall.

Leaves oblong, membrane-margined. Flowers solitary, axillary,
cup-formed, with large, round, concave petals.

I have only found it on Sheopore in Nipal, blossoming in April
and May.

Habit and general appearance exactly the same as those of the
preceding two species. Branches with many callous dots, very
long and ligneous.— Leaves approximate, oblong-lanceolate, finely
acuminate, from three to four inches long, membrane-margined, cl-
liate, acute at the base, and sub-decurrent on the short ciliate
petiols ; when young sub-fascicled. Buds scattered, ovate, with lan-
cevlate, purple-dotied scales.— Peduncles axillary, solitary, sub-clavate,
an inch and half or two inches long, naked, smooth, one-flowered,
dotted.— Flowers green, large, cup-formed, inodorous.—Calyz exe
tremely smal, flat, with five ovate, most spreading, obtuse, sometimes
crenulate, purplish lobes.—Peta/s membranous, ovate, sub-rotund,
concave, obtuse, nearly half an inch long, parallel-veined, dotted,
opposite to the calycine divisions, unequa: both in size and insertion,
two or three being exterior ; before expansion they are loosely imbri-
cated, veniricose. Filaments erect, couniving, subulate, inserted be-
tween the lobes of the yellowish disc, shorter than the petals, and
opposite to them. Antherserect, two-celled; dehiscence posterior. —
Ovary ovate, smooth, rising from the centre of the hypogynous dise,
marked with a vertical furrow, two-celled: cells two.seeded! Ovula
inserted on the .chorda pistillaris, one above the other, ascending,
Style one, furrowed on both sides. Stigma single.— Drupes deeply

two-lobed, flat, rugose, as large as a pea, the sinus very deep and nare

212 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Venana.

- row, with contiguous sides, between which is the slender style, split-
ing at length from the base upwards.

Obs. This species is very distinct on account of its large, sub-glo-
bular, ventricose, solitary flowers, and broad petals.x—Like the se-
cond species It produces in most instances its flowers when the buds

begin to shoot forth their young leaves and the stem is nearly naked.
—N. W.

VENANA, Lam. Illustr. 11. 99. N. 365. tab. 131. e¢ Poiret in -
Encycl, Bot. vii. 450.
Brexta, Pet.-Thouars, gen. Madagasc. N. 69.

Calyx inferior, monophyl us, five-toothed. Coro/la five-petalled,
alternating with the stamina, and together with them inserted on a
narrow dentate discus. Drupe five-cornered, many-seeded, beaked.

The affinity of this shrub is doubtful to me. It seems to be inter«
mediate between Jussieu’s Terebinthacee and Rhamnee.

1. V. madagascariensis, Lam. I. cit.

Leaves obovate or oblong, entire; while young minutely glands
dentate.

A native of Madagascar. I met with the tree in flower in No-
vember 1812, in the Governor’s garden at Reduité, at the Mauri-
tius, from whence I brought the seeds with me to Bengal. In the
Company’s botanic garden at Caicutta it blossoms in the hot weather
and ripens its fruits during the rainy season.

A smal!, sparingly ramous, slender tree, with pretty even brown-
ish bark. Branches elongated, ascending, round, smooth, glaucous,
as are all the other parts; young shoots somewhat angular, sub-
scandent.— Leaves scattered, approximate, mostly ascending or bent
in one direction, coriaceous, firm, obovate or cuneate-oblong, with
avery blunt rounded end, entire, tapering downwards, from three to
five inches long; those of the young shoots are oblong, with parallel
margins, measuring often a span in length ; glaucous and opaque of

Venana. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA: 313

both sides, perfectly smooth, very pa'lid underneath, with elevated,
keeled rib, and alternate obscure nerves ; veins almost imperceptible,
margins s‘ightly recurved.— Petzol round, recurved, slighty furrow=
ed, with a scarcely swelled, jointed base.—Stipules none.—Umbel
solitary, lateral, or terminal, nodding, half the length of the leaves,
rounded, obscurely bifid, on a compressed, broadish, flaccid pedun-
cle, which is three times as long as the petiol, somewhat two-lobed,
and thickened at the apex.—Flowers large, coriaceous, pale green,
inodoroas, on clavate, rounded pedicels, which are half an inch long,
with a number of ovate, fleshy scales surrounding their base.—Ca-
lyx cup-shaped, flattish, shori, adpressed to the bottom of the corol-
la, persistent, with five ovate, acute teeth.—Corol/a campanulate,
wih a wide, five-angled tube and spreading limb; about half an
inch long.—stivation imbricate. Petals very thick and leathery,
broad-oblong, with parallel, sharp, alternately imbricating margins,
apex rounded, sub-acute, the inside convex towards the middle;
base thickened, sub-retuse, inserted on the outside of the nectary.—
Filaments five, fleshy, thick, subulate, ascending, a little curved, al-
ternating with the peta!s; anthers oblong, large, erect, slightly con-
niving, bilocular, bursting along the margins, inserted at their basis.
Disc or nectary fleshy, narrow, green, persistent, surrounding the
base of the ovary, having five marks on the convex outside for the
insertion of the petals; margins fringed with numerous subulate,
short, erect, unequal teeth, among which the filaments are inserted,
Ovarium above, large, ovate, five-angled, five-celled, with numerous
subulate, transversal ovula, attached to the axis in two series; it
tapers into a very short thick style. Stzgma five-lobed, elevated to
the base of the anthers; lobes ovate, acute, erect.—Drupe oblong,
rounded, with five slender, elevated ribs, hence five-cornered, about
two inches long, of an ash-grey colour, marked with numerous small,
scarcely elevated papill, like the surface of an crange, surrounded at
the base by the withered vestiges of the calyx and disc, ending rather

abruptly in a sub-conical, five-cornered, blunt apex, which is about
Na

ee

———

d
|

$14 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Syndesmis.

two-thirds of an inch long; five-celled; ce//s smooth and polished within.
Putamen hard, bony, two lines thick, Seeds numerous, horizontal,
smooth and shining brown, ovate, ‘slightly angular, about the size of
those of a raisin, their apex inserted by a very short funicle to the
inner angle of each cell. | Integuments two ; the inner one pale men-
branous. Embryo ovate, amygdaline ; cotyledons ovate, obtuse ; ra-
dicle cylindric, centripetal.

Obs. The margins of the tender, brownish leaves are marked
with remote, glandular, minute, globular toothlets, which are easily
rubbed off, leaying no yestige whatever on the cartilaginous margin.
It is only in this state that the leayes appear denticulate, with both
surfaces lucid and varnished as it were and slightly gland-dotted. As
they grow old all these appearances vanish entirely, and they become
perfectly entire, smooth and glaucous,

It has been remarked by Poiret in Encycl. Bot. Supl. 1. 698
that Lamarck’s Venana is thesame genus with Breaia of Petit-Thou-
ars ; but that they belong to two distinct species. 1 have no doubt of
our evergreen tree being the very-same as Lamarck’s plant; the only
difficulty of the sessile flowers, which he attributes to it, 1s remov-
ed by considering thathe calls the inflorescence at one place a raceme,
and at another a head; while the flowers in his very indifferent figure.
gre represented as being pedicelled.—P. houars’s plant differs in,
having the young leaves spinous, and the old ones dentate.—N. We

SYNDESMIS, Wail.

€aiyx spathaceous, split on one side, inferior. Petals four
or five, uniting at their base with the filaments andforming a column
on which rests the oblique ovary. Style lateral.

Iu the artificial system this néw genus belongs to Tetrandria or
Pentandria monogynia, the section with inferior four- or five-petalled
flowers, 7

Its place in the natural arrangement is doubtful.

Syndesmis, PENTANDRIA MONOGXNIA, Ble

1. S. elegans, Wall.
Found by Mr. Porter on hills at Pinang in flower in the begin-

ning of the vear.

A small elegant tree. Branches irregularly and much sub-divid-
ed, very slightly angular, knobbed at the insertion of the petiols, with
ash-coloured bark, perfectly smooth, as are all the other parts.—
Leaves scattered, approximate towards the top of the branches, lan-
ceolate, obtusely acuminate, tapering at both ends, leathery, shining,
reticulate underneath with an elevated rib, and numerous sub-opposite,
parallel nerves ; from three to five inches long.—Petiol rather slender,
round, nearly an inch long, slightly channelled, the base a little en-
Jarged, inserted on a corresponding protuberance of the branch.—
Stipules none.—Corymbs terminal, spreading, round-ovate, obtuse,
smaller than the terminal leaves,with alternate, sub-simple, coloured
branches, each bearing from five to nine racemose flowers. Pedicels
capillary, two or three lines long, each supported by a linear, cadu-
cous bracte. —Calyx a anette membranous, scarlet-red, oblong,
cylindric, about six lines long, with four dark- coloured capillary, pa-
rallel nerves ; split on one side towards the apex, which is obtusely
bidentate, the teeth short, pubescent.—Corod/a white, membranous,
four or five-petalled, twice as long as the calyx ; petals linear-lanceo-
jate, bluutish, spreading, slightly pubescent above, the inside of their
base uniting with that of the filaments and formivg a columnar, fleshy
peduncle, on which rests the pisul, rising from the bottom of the calyx
and almost equalling it in length, somewhat angular on account of
ithe fzee, decurrent, narrow margins of the petals. — Austivation imbri-
cate.—Stamina four or five, as long as the corolla, spreading ; fila-
ments slender, cuspidate, uniting atthe base under the ovary ; anthers
erect, oblong, with bifid base and longitudinal cells.—Ovary resting
on the apex of the pedicel formed by the pétals and filaments, glo-
bular, somewhat flattened, apiculate on one side for the insertion of
the style, hence oblique, one-celled, one-seeded: ovulum erect.
Style filiform, lateral, ascending, at first spiral at the base, afterwards
more suaight, rather longer than the stamina, Stigma acute, simple.

Nn2

316 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA ~ Geniostoma.

Obs. Mr. Porter informs me that this is a great beauty when in
blossom, as I can easily imagine it to be, judging from the dried
specimens only.—TVhe natural affinity of this genus | am unable
to determine, especially as 1 have not seen the fruit ; it seems how-
ever not far 1émote from the order of Terebinihacea, and the di-
vision which Mr. Brown calls Connaracee.—lf the monophyllous
calyx be considered as a spathaceous bracte an affinity may be esta-
blished with Jonesia and Macrelobium, which genera the late Mr.

Jack has justly pronounced to be allied under the same natual fas
mily, in Malayan miscell. i.cN. W.

GENIOSTOMA, Forst. charact. 22. t. 12.

Calyx iuferior, flattish, five-toothed. Corolla funnel-shaped, with

a bearded throat, and five-cleft border. Stigma two-lobed. Capsule
two-valved, two-celled, mavyesceded-

1. G. acuminatum, Wall,

Leaves oblong-lanceolate, finely acuminate, hairy underneath, as
are also the rambiing, slender branches. Stipules lanceolate, long,
distinct. Umbels axillary, crowded, hairy, shorter than the petiols.

A native of Pulo Pinang, from whence Mr. Porter sent me spe-
cimens in flower, gathered on the hills in the beginning of the year.

Shrubby ; with long, slender, sub-scandent, obscure'y four-sided
branches, clothed while young with much adpressed short hairiness ;
older ones scabrous, grey.— Leaves opposite, remote, spreading,
oblong-lanceolate, perfectly entire, tapering into a long, slender acu-
men, base acute, from three to six inches long, coriaceous ; smooth
and shining above ; underneath with short adpressed hairs, especial
ly along the ramifications of the vessels, while young silky ; mb very
slender, elevated, as arealso the oblique, sub-opposite, parallel nerves,
. which continue almost imperceptibly along the margins ; veins capil-
lary, sub-transversal——Petiols slender, round, obscurely furrowed,

Geniostoma. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNI&. 317

hairy, about an inch long.—S/¢pules perfectly distinct to the very base,
opposite between the petiols, and equalling them in length, decidus
ons, eaving a cliate vestige, lanceolate, erect, adpressed, tapering
from the broad base to a fine point, hairy on both sides, especially
within near their insertion, where they are densely bearded with long
hairs, interspered with a number of brown, glandular, subulate, short
bodies, which continue in an adpressed series on the branch after the
siipules have fallen off.— Flowers small, white, on capillary pedicels,
d'sposed in small, fascicled aud crowded, axillary, rounded, opposite,
short-peduncled, hairy umbels, scarcely half the length of the petiol.

Bractes very small, lanceolate.—Calyrx urceolate, flattish, bairy with-

out, with five, broad, acute, triangularfeeth.— Corolla infundibuliform,

shorf,smooth on the outside, valvate during zstivation ; tube obscurely
five-comered, densely bearded within; limd spreading, divided into
five lanceolate, acute dacinia, equalling the tube in length; throat
wide, bearded with abundance of hairs rising fiom the inside of the
tube.--Stamina five, smooth, erect, almost concealed among the hairs
of the tube ; filaments short, inserted under the fissures which sepa-
rate the lacinize ; anthers ovate, two-celled, inserted on their back, a
little elevated above the throat-—Ovary above, minute, crowned with
a soft fleshy, smocth, flat disc; its internal structure | have not been
able to make out satisfactorily ; | conjecture however, that it is twos
celled, with two erect ovula. Style short, columnar, perforating the
disc, and scarcely longer than it. Stzgma fleshy, convex, sub-capitale,
two-lubed: the lobes slightly sulcate.

Obs. 1 have on a former occasion, in describmg my new genus
Gardnera (vol. 1. p. 400. et seqv.) had an opportunity of adverting
to a family, intermediate between Rubiace@ and Apocynea, which has
been pointed out by Mr. Brown and which I suggest may be called
Gardueree. Geniostoma undoubtely forms another genus of that
wibe, as has already been ascertamed by Mr. Brown, prodr. nov.
holl. i. 455, and ‘Tuckey’s embassy to Congo, append. p. 448. Ac-
cording to this great botanist it is the same as Jussieu’s Anasser, but
different from Caju Cutana or Anasser of Rumphius, herb. amb.

i

318 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Gardnera.

auctuar. 12. t. 7, (quoted with a doubt as a congener by that author)
that plant being a species of Pittosporum. I have not as yet seen the
fruit, and the ovary is so small as to have hitherto entirely eluded niy
endeavours to ascertain its anatemy ; but I dare say both will be found
to correspond better with Genios:omia than with Logania of Brown,
} cit:

As the Nipal species of Gardnera alluded to in the first vol. of
this work, p. 403, is both tetrandrous and pentandrous, [ insert the
description of it here, with an amended character of the genus dud

G. ovata:

GARDNERA, Wall. in Roxb. ft. ind. i. 400,

Calyx inferior, cup-shaped. Corolla rotate, with naked throat.
Anthers erect, sometimes covering. Stigma obscurely two-lobed.

Berry two-celled, two-seeded. Seeds cup-shaped.

1. G. ovata, Wall. i. c.

Leaves acuminate. Corymds axillary, many-flowered. Flowers
tetrandrous. Anthers cohering into a tube.

Introduced from Szlhet into the Hon. Company’s botanic garden
at Calcutta; in 1315; it blossomed for the first time in April 1823,

2. G. angustifolia, Wall.

Leaves nairow-lauceolate, tapering into a long acumen. Flowers
solitary, axillary, pentandrous. Anthers distinct,

I have found it common in forests on the mountains surrounding
the valley of Nipal, blossoming during the rainy season, with ripe
fruit in the cold weather.

A large, extremely branchy, climbing, perfectly smooth shrub,
with long, slender, variously twisted and bent branches, covered with
ash-coloured bark ; ail the young parts pale-green, and slightly glau-
cous.— Leaves opposite, most spreading, narrow-lanceolate, some-
_ times almost linear-lanceolate, tapering from a rounded base to a

jong, narrow, cuspidate acumen, from three to five inches long, not

TLecananthus. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 319

exceeding an inch in breadth, their texture, petiol, &c. as in the
preceding species.—Peduncles axillary, solitary, opposite, an inch
long, clavate, at first nodding, afterwards erect, sometimes with a
small plicate, gibbous, adpressed bractlet above the middie; one-
flowered. — Flowers valvate and nodding daring estivation, becom-
ing erect as they expand, tetrandrous and pentandrous, white, a lit-
tle smaller than those of the first species, which they resemble in the
calyx aad corolla; the lacinie of the latter recurved. Anthers erect,
perfectly free. Stigma distinctly two-lobed, lobes short, fleshy,
scabrous.— Berry scailet, as large as a full-sized marrow fat pea,
in all respects like those of G. ovata.—N. W.

LECANANTHUS, W. Jack, in Mal. Misc. ii.

Calyx campanulate, enlarged, coloured, divided irregularly. Tube
of the corol/a short; limb five-parted. Ovary bilocular, many-seeded,
with convex, centrai placentg. Style bifid. Stigmas two, linear,
thick.

Nat. family, Rubiacee of Jussieu.

Shrubby ; flowers in terminal, inyolucred heads. istivation yal-

vate.

1. L. erubescens, W. Jack.

Found in the interior of Sumatra.

A small erect shrub ; stem four-sided with two of the angles acute.
Leaves opposite, short-petioled, ovate-lanceolate, acute at both ends,
rather attenuated towards the point, entire, smooth ; about eight in-
ches long. Stipules interpetiolar, large, ligulate, carinate towards the
base, J'lowers pale-red, densely aggregated within the hypocrateri-
form cup of the involucre, forming a head which is terminal, nearly
sessile, and turned backwards. Involucre monophyllous, entire.
Pedicels none. Calyx superior, coloured, tomentose, thick and
fleshy, much wider than the corol, expanding into two to four irregu-
Jar, unequal, obtuse lobes; the calyces of the outer flowers are often

a.

220 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Psiledium.

so much produced on one side as to seem bilabiate. Corolla with a

shoit tube, segments five, acute, thick. Adstivation valvate. Stamna

five, inserted on the tube; anthers large. Ovary crowned with a
promineut nectarial ring, two-celled, po'ysporous; ovula arranced

round central, semi-cylindrical placente. Style bifid. Stigmata
two, thick and linear.—W. Jack. 1. cit.

Obs. by N. VW.

This little shrub, rather sparingly I have found at Singapore, nearly
out of flower m the month of October, radicant on the root of wees,
3t has the appearance of a Cephaelis; the branches are two-winged 5

the headround, aslarge almost as a walnut, of a pink colour—N. W,

PSILOBIUN, W. Jack, in Mal. Mise. ii,

Calyx spreading, five-parted. Tube of the corolla short; timb
five-parted. Stamina inserted in the base of the corolla. Stigma
clavate, ten-winged, exserted. Fyuit cylindric, silqueform, crowns
ed with the persistent calyx, bilocular, many-seeded, Seeds insert-
ed on the axis in a doubie series.

Nat. fam. Rubiacee of Juss.

Shiubby. Peduncies axillary, few-flowered. Aistivation valvate.

3. P. nutans, W. Jack.

Found in the interior of Sumatra,

Stem erect, four-sided, with rounded angles. Leaves opposite,
petiolate, lanceolate, attenuated at both ends, acute, entire, smooth,
Stipules interpetiolar, broad, acuminate, carinate. Peduncles axil-
lary, drooping, bearing from three to six flowers. Byactes forming a
kind of involacre at the base of the very short pedicels. Calyx sus
perior, very large, composed of five leaflets or very deep segments,
which are veined with red. Stanuna five 5 filaments short, anthers

Jachia. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA: 221

lon, erect. Styde short. Stigma long, exsert, oblong-ovate, lon-
gitudivally ten-winzed, the five alternate wings smaller. Fruit long,
cy.ind ical, siliquose, crowned with the .arge persistent calyx, two-
ceiled, mauy-seeded; seeds arranged in a double series in each cell.
»—W. Jack |. cit.

2. P. tomentosum, W. J.

Tomentose. Flowers axillary, sub-sessile,
Found at Katoun.

The fruit is baccate—Jack. |. cit. addend.

JACKIA, Wall.

Calyx unilateral, trifid. Corolla infundibuliform, with a filiform
tube, and campanulate, five-cleft border. Aunthers filiform, sessile
in the throat. Svy/e very long. Stigma two-lobed. Capsule 2 in-
ferior, crowned with three large unilateral wings, one-celled? one-
seeded ?

{fu the Linnean system its place is Pentandria Monogynia, in the
section with superior, monopetalous flowers.

In Ure natural arrangement of Jussieu it belongs to Rubiaceae ; but
its precise sialiou in that extensive family canuot be ascertained un=
til the ripe fruit has been examined.

I (ave dedicated this new genus to the memory of my departed
frien /, the late Mr. Jack, whose premature loss I have already ad-
verted to above (page 202,) and whose well known iudefatigable
labours in natural history have long ago entitled him to the highest
respect, It was the amiable modesty of his character and not any
nevlect on my part, which prevented me from executing my design
of haming a plant after that excellent botanist during his life time.

». J. ornata, Wail.

A very large, bianchy and umbrageous forest tree, which I discos
Oe

322 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Jackhia.

vered on several of the small islands in the immediate vicinity of Sine
gapore, in full blossom and with unripe fruits in October.
Branchlets thick and robust, obscurely quadrangular, thickly coe
vered with long, soft, adpressed, ferruginous hairs; marked when old,
with numerous vestiges of the fallen leaves and with the withered sti
pules.— Leaves very large, spreading, leathery, opposite, sub-decus-
sate, short-petioled, crowded towards the end of the branchlets, where
the pairs are scarcely an inch asunder, elliptic-obovate, from six to
ten, or even twelve or fourteen inches long; entire, with even, regular,
ciliate margins ; cuspidato-acute ; from three to six inches broad at the
outer end, from thence gradually tapering downwards to the acute,
marrow, sub-decurrent base; smooth and shining above, soft and vil-
lous underneath, with copious, short, ferrugincus hairs, especially
along the strong, very prominent rib, and numerous parallel, oblique,
elevated nerves, which continue in a bent direction to the very
margin ; veins sub-simple, parallel, transversal between the nerves.—
Petiol thick, round, villous, slightly channelled above, an inch long,
a little margined from the sub-decurrent .eaf, inserted on the base of
the stipuie.— Stipules large and leathery, connate, annular, sub-in-
fundivuliform, entirely embracing the branch within the petioles,
about half as long as they, sub-imbricating, hairy, especially within,
with a truncate, widening margin, greenish, fringed with about tea
filiform, erect, bearded processes, which are an inch long or more.—
Panieles large, axillary, opposite, pendulous, on very long peduncles,
hairy and villous, with spreading, opposite, slender branches, each
terminating with a corymb of crowded, sub-dichotomous spikese
Peduncles compressed, very slender ; commonones from four to six ine
ches long; partial ones half that size, gradually diminishing iu length;
each supported by a pair of ample, fringed, connate bractes, which
sometimes grow out at the margin into opposite, smali floral leaflets.
—F lowers white, inodorous, sessile, approximate, alternate, dispose
ed in short, unilateral, villous spikes of an inch in Jength ; each is
‘supported by an oval, densely villous, dentate, persistent bracte; these
bractes are alternate, sub-imbricate on the back of the spike.— Calyx

Jachit PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 925

deeply divided-into three, nearly equal, lanceolate, acute, spreading,
unila‘eral laciniz, about two lines long; the two lateral ones are
placed in a straight line and separated by two or three minute, su-
bulate, fleshy, permanent toothlets, which seem to occupy the place
of the fourth or wanting segment of the dimidiate limb. Corolla iu-
furdibuliform, densely villous on the outside, pubescent and purplish
within, about half aninch long ; tube most slender and filiform, twice
as jong as the calyx, widening inte a short, campanulate, slightly pli-
cate limb, divided into five, lanceolate, cuspidate lobes; estivatiun
valvate.—Throat pervious. Anthers five, long, linear, sessile in the
throat of the corolla, inserted by their middle immediately under the
fissures which separate the segments, alternating with them, semis
exserted, spreading, Filaments none except the obscure vanishing
Nines running down from the place where the anthers are inserted.—
Ovary small, inferior, slightly turbinate, villous, two-celled, each cell
containing a pair of erect ovula, inserted on the base of the partiti-
on.—Style capillary, nearly twice as long as the corolla, hairy and
somewhat thickened at the middle third part. Stigma smooth, dis
vided into two, small, parallel, lanceolate lobes.—I have only had
opportunities of examining the fruit in an unripe state ; it is some
what fleshy, pink-coloured, pubescent, disposed at right angles in
short, broad spikes ; the wings closely imbricating, and crossing each
other in the most elegant and symmetrical manner, form the anterior,
broad, flattish part of them ; and the unaltered sub-adpressed floral
bractes constitute the posterior, narrow side; the whole forming large,
pink, pendulous, highly ornamental panicles. The body of the fruit
small, turbinate, about two lines.long, a little elevated and umbilicated
at its free vertex; two-celled, with a pair of erect seeds at the bottom
of each cell, or from the base of the partition; I conjecture that it be-
comes a capsule of only one cell and with only one seed, as [ have
frequently found one of the ovula seemingly enlarged and fecundated
while the others remained minute and withered.—It is crowned with

the large flat, spreading, unilateral lobes of the calyx, which are now
902

394 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Argostemmae

ha'f an inch long, lanceolate, acute, rather narrow downwards, three-
nerved, reticulate, that in the middle rather larger, the other two
placed oppositely, and forming a straight line, in the centre of wh ch
are still to be seen the small subuiate teeth which were noticed above ;
they are somewhat thick and convex at their base and sepzrable to.
the bottom of the fruit, which perhaps 1s three-valyed.— N. W.

ARGOSTEMMA, Wall,

Calyx four or five-toothed. Corolla rotate, flat, four or five-part.
ed. Anthers conniving, exserted. Berry ? inferior, two-celled, ma-
ny-seeded ; seeds angular, inserted on a septal placenta.

A small, succulent, sub-diaphanous, pubescent, elegant, herbaceous
plant, growing on rocks; with a simple stem, terminated by a few,
Opposite, unequilateral leaves. Flowers snow-white, largish with res-
pect tu the size of the plant, valvate and pyramidal during estivation,
disposed in terminal racemes or umbells. ;

In the Linnean system they claim almost an equal right to Te-
trandria and Pentandria Monogynia, in the section with monope-
talous, superior flowers.

It belongs to Rubiacee of Juss.; 1 know of no genus in that ex.
tensive family to which it has any very particular resemblance.

1. A. sarmentosum, Wall.

Somewhat villous, creeping at the base and stoloniferous, Leaves
in two most approximate pairs, ovate, sub-sessile. Flowers tetran-
drous.

Begonioides Jila, Hamilt. Mss, fide ic. pict. in hort. bot. Cale.
asservat.

1 found this elegant little plant on the hills at Shwkragz2 near
Rajmahul, growing on rocks and blossoming in August. Duimg my
stay in Nipal, my people brought me also specimens from the moun-
tains to the Northward of the valley on the route to Gosain-Than,

in flower during the rainy season,

Argostemma, PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 325

Root consisting of short, capillary fibres——Stem simple, stender,
round, pubescent, succulent, pallid, from four to five inches iong,
creeping at the base and sending forth one or two pairs of very
log filiform runners ; each having a few remote pairs of ovate scales,
sometimes w.th a verticil of small leaves ; the upper part of the stem
erect, naked, except at the apex — Leaves four, sub-sessile, spread.
ing, disposed at the upper end of the stem in two most approximate,
decussate pairs, so as !o appear verticilled ; they are of an oval form,
obtuse, with unequal sides, and entire, gently waved margins ;
unequal in size, one of the pair being twice as large as the other,
and those of the uppermost pair smaller than those below, from
one to three inches long, base rounded, or somewhat acute ; membran-
ous, a little pubescent on both sides ; lucid above, whitish and silvery
underneath, with a thick, convex, villous rb and oblique nerves.—
Fetiol very short, stem-clasping. Stipules none.-—Flowers snows
white, scentless, from eight to ten, disposed in a terminal umbel
or corymbiform raceme, on longish, clavate, fleshy peduncles, sup
ported by ovate, entire or notched bractes, half their own length,

Calyx very small, concave, pubescent, divided into four ovate, acute, —

teeth.—Corolla five times larger than the calyx, flat, spreading,
deeply divided into four lance: late, acute segments, alternating with
the teeth of the calyx, greenish towards the base.—Tuée scarcely
any.— Filaments very short, mserted in the throat, alternating with
the laciniez, bent downwards and towards oue-side. Anthers long,
erect, conniving, acuminate, bursting along the margins. —Ovcary un-
derneath, a little hairy, globular, small, two-celled, ovu/a numerous,
inserted on two septal placenta. S¢yle as long as the stamina, a lit
tle bent at the base. Stigma fleshy, convex.

Obs. | have not geen the ripe fruit of this or of the next species.
It is to be remarked that the parts of the flowers, never exceed five,

though I have cbserved then: sometimes to be ternary.—N. W.

2. A. verticillatum, Wall,
Pubescent, erect, cespitose, Leaves four, verticilled, lineage

ay

426 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Argostemma.

Janceolate, sub-falcate. Pedunciles two or three, rarely solitary, few-
flowered.

A native of Nipal, where [ found it on rocks at Moreko in the val«
ley, in flower in July and August.

Root fleshy and almost tuberous, short, with capillary fibres.—
Stems cespitose, entire, from three to four inches high, filiform,
round, with a pair or two of minute lanceolate, connate sca‘es.—=
Leaves four, veiticilled round the apex of the stem, lanceolate, acue
minate, of unequal size, from one to two inches long, with unequal
sides ; ciliate, pubescent, entire, most spreading, attenuate and acute
at the base, almost sessile ; shining above, whitish underneath ; they
are mostly bent towards one side, which makes the verticil appear die
midiate:— Peduncles two or three, rarely solitary, terminal, filiform,
one or two inches long, smooth, bearing three or four umbelled flow-
ers, Which are smaller than those of the preceding species, but other-
wise perfectly resembling them; their parts quatern or quinate, The
mouth ef the corolla is marked with ten minute tubercles, alternately
receiving the basis of the filaments.—Ce//s of the anthers opening
obliquely towards the apex, Ovary smooth.—N. W.

3. A. rostratum, Wall.

Erect, smooth. Leaves in several pairs, narrow-lanceolate, acus
minate, petioled, stipuled. Umbels many-flowered. Lacinia of the
corolia and tube of the anthers acuminate.

Found by my plant-collector on the Pwndooa mountains near
4

Silhet, in flower in July.

Root fibrous. Stem ascending, slender, from six to eight inches
long, perfectly smooth, as are all the other parts ; with several ree
mote pairs of lanceolate, ciliate scales; the uppermost occasionally
enlarged, foliaceous. — Leavesin two or four most approximate pairs
at the apex of the stem, narrow, lanceolate, from one and ha’f to three
inches long, tapering into a long acumen, on short petiols, perfectly
sinooth.— Stipules in‘erpetiolary, oval, recurved, persistent. Umbel
terminal, many-flowered, sometimes compound, lifted up on a slens

Lasianthera: PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 327

-_

der peduncle, nearly equalling the leaves in length, naked, or with a
pair of scales above the middle.— Pedicels an inch long, clavate, a
little ventricose above the middle. Bractes lanceolate, acuminate, vein-
ed.—Corol/a nearly an inch in diameter ; its lacinize finely acuminate,
Anthers very long, forming a lengthened, beaked, straight tube.— Style
capillary. Stigma minute above the orifice of the tube of the anthers.

Obs. At a distance this species has much the appearance of Trien-
tulis europaea. It is closely allied to that last described, and is the
tallest in the genus.—N. W. |

4. A. pictum, Wall.

Stems short. Lzaves smooth, ovate, sub-cordate, pointed, with
reticulate white nerves. Umbels many-flowered, pentandrous.

I found this beautiful little species growing on rocks near the
waterfall on the island of Pinang, in flower in August.

Root consisting of a fascicle of longish, capillary fibres.—Séene
an inch or two long, smooth. Leaves two, opposite, terminal, or im
two somewhat remote pairs ; ovate, acute, rounded or sub-retuse at ~
the base, unequal among themselves as well as with respect to the
sides ; smooth, slightly ciliate, ofa dark green colour, beautifully re-
ticulated with white lines along the rib and the principal ramificati-
ons of the nerves.—Pefiol very short.—Peduncle terminal as in all
the other species, nearly as long as the leaves, simple or having two
opposite branches, each bearing around umbel of many small, white,
pentandrous flowers.—Unripe berry as large as a-coriander seed,
smooth,—Seeds angular.—N.W. ~*

LASIANTHERA, Beauv. Fl. Owar. et Benin. i. 85. t. 51.

Calyx very small, five-toothed, supported by one or two subulate
bractes. Corolla tubular, larger than the calyx, with a short tube and
five deeply divided, lanceolate lacinia, Filaments broad and meme
branous, with hairy anthers. Germ ovate aboves Style short. Stigma
capitate, Fruit. Pal. de Beauv. 1. c

328 PENTANDRIA MONOGYwra.- Lasianthera,

1. L. ? éetrandra, Wall.

Corymbs short, axillary ; flowers tetrandrous, four-cleft.

A native of the mountains bordering on the district of Szllet, and
from thence communicated to me in 1815, by the late Mr. M. R,
Smith. It blossoms im May and ripens its fruit in September.

Beg. Pathur-sik.

A smooth shrub, with round, slender, slightly flexuose, alternating,
ash-coloured branches, marked with two, slightly elevated jines, which
run down from the insertion of the leaves; while young green, some-
what giaucous.— Leaves spreading, alternate, twice or thrice as long
as thelr interstices, rather leathery, oblong, terminating m a narrow
acumen of half an inch in length, acute at the base, entire, from five

to six inches long, perfectly smooth, shining, with elevated rib and

a ternating, oblique nerves underneath, which unite in sub-marginal
arches, a little reticulate; when held toward the light they appear
copiously but very minutely dotted. Petiols very short, scarcely
exceeding one-third of an inch jn length, deeply channelled above,
while young alittle pubescent, their axils naked, not ciliate.— Stzpules
none.—Peduncles axillary, solitary, shorter than the petiols, pube-
scent, with bifid apex, bearing a smailrounded corymb of wh te flow-
ers, each of which is supported ona short fleshy pedicel, with ¢ tter-
ed minute bractes.—Ca/yx extremely small,cup-shaped, four-toothed,
obscurely ciliate.—Tube of the corolla cyiindric, four times as long
as the calyx; dimb divided in five, spreading, ovate laciniz, the apices
of which are a little villous within, Aisfevatiun pyramida’, valvate.
Stamina four, hypogynous, erect, nearly as long as the corolia, alter-
nating with its lacinize.— F2/aments flattish, somewhat fleshy, clavate,
fiiform at the base, which is imserted so as to unite with the tube,
yound the ovary ; broad, obtuse, and hairy at the apex, An-
thers adnate to the inside of the apex of the filament, a little below
it, consisting of two oblong cells, bursting inwardly, somewhat di-
verging downwards, Ovary small, oblong, smooth. Style none.
Stigma fleshy, broadish, sub-capitate. Berry clavate, oblong,
smooth, of an equcous whitish colour (like that of a white currant),

4

Lasianthera. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.- 329.

about an inch long, having at the broadest vertex a rudiment of the
stigma ; one-celled, one-seeded. ‘The flesh is soft, sub-diaphanous,
—Receptaculum no other than the bottom of the cell from whence
tises an umpilical chord, which surrounds the seed longitudinally like
aband, Seed rather large, clavate, with a swelled embilicus.—Ine
tegument simple, chartaceous, grayish, striated with parallel, longitue.
dial veins, adhering firmly to the pulp; smooth and silvery within,
Albumen none. Embryo conform to the seed, inverted, white. Co«
tyledons very large, semicylindric, amygdaloid, obtuse, their inside
flatened and contiguous, the outer one convex and turgid.— Scape
long, cylindric. © Plumula very large and: conspicuous between the
cotyledons, consisting of two, ovate, acute lobes. Radicle superior,
inserted between the base of the cotyledons.

Obs. I am very doubtful whether this.can be considered.as a species.
of the genus established by M. Palisot de Beauvois, whose work
quoted above, I have not had access to. In the event of its prove
ing distinct I would propose gomphandra as the generic name for
it. It was not until | had by repeated examination satisfied my.
self of the fact, that I could persuade myself not to consider what.
I have described above as the cotyledons, to be a real perisperm, and
the plumula to be the cotyledons. ‘The facility, however, with which
the former admits of being divided into its two lobes, places the
matter in its true light, and it follows that the seed is eva lbuminous,
The scape is remarkably long, bearing at the apex a proportionally
Jarge plumula,; which reaches almost to the middle of the cotyledons,
which constitutes the radicle, its baseis placed between the upper ends
of'the latter, The habit of the shrub is much Jike that of a Limonia, ta
which indeed it approaches also by its dotted leaves; the natural
order to which it belongs may perhaps be Apocynee. Can it bea
Wallenia? Lhave unfortunately omitted examining the structure of the
ovary, which would have thrown some light onthis question, by shewe
ing at least whether or not the plant belongs to the family of Myrsi-
new, to which Mr. Brown refers the last mentioned genus.--N, W,

Grmmnes oa oad
Pp

‘330 - PENTANDRIA MONOGYN4A. | Cordis

CORDIA, Schreb. gen. N. 350,

Calyx one-leaved. Corol sub-campanulate, five-parted. Germ
four-celled, cells one-seeded, attachment lateral. | Drupe superior,
with a four-celled nut, one or two of which are only fertile. Embrya

Inverse, without perisperm.

_ 1. C. latifolia, BR.

_ Polygameus. Leaves round-cordate, entire and repand, three-
merved. Panicles terminal and lateral. | Drupes oblate-globose, on
a smooth calyx. Nut from one to four-seeded.

. Sung. Le, Sheioo, SUTAR:, Shleshmatuka, ta, Sheeta,
Beta, Ooddala, qeateaq:, Vuhoovaruka, GSaTE:, Vuhoovara,
Tafa: Pichhile, feqaRfaa:, Dwijukootsita, Wrage: Sheetu-
phula, DSR: Shatuka, RASTER? Kumboodaruka, Wasa:
Bhootudiooma, Taya, Gundhupooshpa, aagaae Bhootuvrik«
shuka,

Hind. Bura-lesoora.

_Anative of Hindoosthan and introduced by the late General Martin,
into the botanic garden at Calcutta, where it blossoms during the
cold season; and the fruits ripen in June and July. They are much
larger than those of C. myxa, smooth, and of a beautiful pale straw
colour covered with a whitish bloom.

Trunk short and generally crooked, as in Myra; the bark also,
scabrous and crooked. Branches numerous, spreading, and droops
ing; young shoots angular and smooth ; the general height of trees
ten or twelve years old is about twenty feet— Leaves alternate,
petioled, from round to cordate and ovate, often slightly repand,
three-nerved ; texture hard, smooth above, scabrous and pale under-
neath, from three to seven, or even eight inches loag, and rather legs,
ip breadth.—Petiols nearly round, and smooth.—Stipules none.—

Oordit. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 334

Panicles short, terminal and lateral, roundish ; ramifications alter-

nate, diverging, and once or more dichotomous.— Flowers numerausy.

small, white.— Bractes minute, villous.—Calyz villous, campanulate,
leathery ; mouth uvequally dentate.—Corv/ short, campanulate ; seg.
ments tive, luwear-obloug.— Filaments as long as the segmeuts of
the corol, aud inserted immediately under their fissures. Anthers
incumbent.—Germ ovate, four-celled ; with one ovulum in each ate
tached to the upper end of the axis. Style short. Stagma four-cleft;
segments four-cieft, long, rugose, and recurvate.— Drupe oblate-sphe-
rlodal, about an inch or an inch and a quarter in diameter,
smooth, when ripe yellow. Pulp in large quantity, soft, clear,
arid very clainmy ; (the tiatives eat it freely,) one-celled. Nué nears
Jy circular, laterally compressed, rugose on the outside, with a cds
vity at each end, the lower one deeper thai the other, exceedingly
vhard, four-celled, though rarely all fertile. —Seed solitary, ovate-ob-
lorig. Integdment single, white, soft and oily. Plumula very smallé
Radicle conic, superior.

Mr. Henry Colebrooke, whe is intimately acquainted with Hin-
doo literature, informs me that the writers on Indian Materia mes
dica notice two sorts of Sepistan. ‘Whe first as large as a pruné,
with its nut immersed in mucilaginous pulp, and separable from it.
The second smaller, with its nut adhering to the pulp (as described
by our writers on Sateria. medica in Europe), but with less
mucilage, and sweeter than the large one. ‘The rest of the descrip-
tions, he observes, is common to both kinds, vizs ‘The leaf round,
the fruit growing in clusters, when ripe yellow, but afterwards turti.
ing black, Xc.

The first, or large sort, is no doubt, the fruit of the tree just now
described ; and the small sort that of Cordia Myxa, which has hi«
therto, I believe, been considered in Europe, as the only tree which
produces this drug ; but from the information furnished by Mr.-Cole-
brooke we have reason to believe there are two sorts used in medi-

cine by the Asiatics, which aie the produce of two trees of the same
Pp2 :

|

ee

a

332 ; PENTANDRIA MONOGYNEAs Cordics

genus, and that the Arabic and Persian names Sepistan and Pistan,
are applicable to both sorts.

It might be well to give the trivial or specific apellation Sepistana
to this broad-leaved tree, which for the present I have called latifo.
lia ; aud the scarleteflowered west India tree, now called Sebestena,
I would term coccinea. Novella nigra, Rumph. amb. 2. p. 226.
t. 75, is no doubt a distinct species, which J have seen and examine
‘ed, and call Cordia canipanulata.

®. C. Myra, Willd, i. 1072.

Polygamous. Leaves oval, repand. Panicles terminal, and faz
teral.

Vidi-marum, Rheed. mal. 4. t. 37.

Sebestena officinalis, Gaert. sem. 1. p. 363. ¢. 76.

Sung. ARAZIER; Bhookumboodaruka, SAGAR, Kshoo-
Grushleshmatuka, WR, Bhoosheloo, aafufea:, Lughoopzch-

hia, Wane, Lughoosheeta, TARE? Sookshmephula, WATT
Re Lughocbhootudrooma.

Beng, Bohooaii.

Hind. Lusora, or Lesoora.

Teling. Nekra.

The dried fruit of this tree is the Sebestena of the materia medica:

It is a pretty large, but low tree, growing in most part of the Cir-
ears but chiefly in gardens, hedges, &c. near villages. Flowers
' about the end of the temperate, (or cold) season, and the fruit is ripe
im May and June. i

Trunk generally crooked, from eight to twelve feet high, and as
thick or thicker than a mdn’s body. Bark grey, cracked In various
directions. Branckes numerous, spreading, and bent in every possi«
ble direction, forming a dense shady head.— Leaves scattered, pee
tioled, ovate, oval, or obovate, exterior half slightly scalloped, or
toothed, smooth above, below a little scabrous when old; from two

Cordia. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 333

to three inches long, and from one and a half to two broad.— Pelzcles
about one-third the length of the leaves.—Stipules none.— Panicles
terminal, and also lateral, globular, dichotomous.—Bracfes none.—
Flowers numerous, small, white, a very large proportion of them are
sterile, and they always want the s¢yle.—Calyz tubular, widening tos
wards the mouth and there torn as it were into three or five divisions,
smooth, not in the least striated.—Corel, divistons of the border re-
volute.—Style in the fertile flowers asin the genus, in the barres
flowers wanting. —Drupe globular, smooth, the size of a cherry, sit-
ting in the enlarged calyx, when ripe yellow, the pulp is almost trans-
parent, very tough aud viscid. Nué¢ cordate, at both ends bidentate
and perforated, rugose; somewhat four-sided, four-celled, but a&
rarely happens that all prove fertite.—Seeds solitary.

The smell of the nut whea cut, is heavy and disagreeable, the taste
of the kernels like that of fresh filberts. The fruits are not used
in this part of India, (the Northern Circars), for any medicinal purs
pose. When ripe they are eaten by the natives, and also, most gree-
dily, by several sorts of birds, being of a sweetish taste.

The wood is soft, and of little use exceptforfuel. It is reckoned
one of the best kinds for kindling fire by friction.

Obs. by N. W.

This is the only species of the genus which inhabits that part of
Nipal which I have visited ; I found it growing wild at Bheempedg,

in flower ia May.—N. W.

3.C. serrata, R.

Arboreous, tender parts hairy. Leaves ovate-cordate, sersate,
acuminate. Corymbs lateral. Flowers sub-octandrous ; with from
seven- to nine-cleft corol.

A native of Travancore, from thence the seeds were sent by Dr.
A. Berry to the botanic garden at Calcutta, where the plants reared
from them blossomed in August, when four years old,

834 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, ~ Gordids

Trunk in our young trees, from eight to ten feet high, and about
as thick asa man’s thigh. Branches very numerous, spreading in
every direction. Sark of the old woody parts smooth, olive-colour=
ed, that of the young shoots green, and hairy. Leaves alternate, rather
Jong-petioled, ovate-cordate, serrate, acuurinate, a little harsh, with
few hairs, from four to six inches long, and from two to four-broad.—
Stzpules none.—Corymbs lateral, and about the forks of the branche
Jets, long-peduncled, dichotomous.—I'lowers white, of a middling
size,—Ca/yx sub-cylindric ; mouth from threes to five-toothed, with
the inside hairy.—Corol with a cylindric tube, the length of the ca:
Jyx, border about eight-cleft ; segments oblong, recurved.— Filaments
about eight, hairy, inserted on the tube of the coro! below its middle.
Anthers ovate, small.—Germ superior, conical, four-celled, with.
one ovulum in each, attached to the axis. Style two-parted, as are
also the segments.

4. C. monoica, Wiild. i. 1072. R. Corom. 1, 58.

Leaves ovate, three-nerved, scabrous. Corymbs axillary and
terminal, with many male flowers. Nué four-ceiled.

Teling. Paniugert.

Hind. Pida.

A small, irregular, poor looking tree, with grey bark, chiefly a
native of the Circar forests, where barren land predominates. Leaves
deciduous during the cold season. ‘The lowers are produced dure
ing the rainy season,

Leaves alternate, petioled, ovate, three-nerved, very scabrous 3
about three inches long, and two broad.— Petioles round, scabrous,
about an inch and a half long.—Panicles from the divisions of the
branchlets, or terminal, small, two-forked, composed of short, re-
curved, one-ranked spikes.— Flowers white. "There is a very large.
share of mate or barren flowers which generally occupy distinct parts
of the corymbs, and frequently the whole. Hermaphrodite flowers.
as in the family. Drupe the size ofa cherry, pointed, yellow, pulpy ¢-

blardia- FENVANDRIA MONOGYNIA, SE

pulp glatinous, asin Myza. Nut perforated at the apex, four-celled.
The male flowers want the style entirely, but have the rudiment of a

germ.

5. €. grandis, R.

Leaves round-cordate, obtuse, entire, scabrous, sub-triple-nerved.
Panicles terminal, drooping. Flowers tetrandrous.

A large quick growing tree, native of Chittagong; in the Hon.
Company’s botanic garden its jeaves are often a foot long; its 1im-
mensely large, dichotomous, very ramous panicle nearly as much; the
¢alyx has an even surface and four-toothed mouth.

Obs. by N. W.

The trees were introduced into the Hon. Company’s botanic gar=
den in 1810, and have since grown very large. One of the indivi-
duals measures, at present (1823) two feet ten inches in circumfer-
ence, at four feet above the ground,—-It blossoms in the rainy sea-

son and ripens its fruit in March,
The leaves are rounded or retuse at the base, their apex acute

or obtuse, the margms often remotely dentate, the nerves and rib
are much elevated on the under surface, the lowermost pair or two
of the former are opposite, giving the leaf an appearance of being
tripli-nerved. Ramifications of the panicle many times dichotomous,
divaricate, these with the petiols and young leaves are covered with
ferruginous villosity. —The drupe is of a dirty yellowish colour,
smooth, slightly depressed at the apex, half an inch long, supported
by the enlarged, obscurely many-toothed, striated calyx, narrowing -
towards the insertion of the peduncle, where it 1s concave, truncate,
with a prominent margin. Pulp very glutinous, traversed longi.
tudinally, especially towards the outer coat of the drupe by a ume
ber of milk-white vessels. Nut very hard and bony, four-cornered,
perforated, four-celled, two or three of the cells mostly abortive.—

WN. W.

(336 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNiAL Cordia.

6. C. campanulaia, R,
Leaves \ong-petioled, ovate-cordate, repand, acute. Panicles lac

teral. Corol campanulate, Drapes ovate, dry, hid in the permanent
calyx,

Novyeila nigra, Rumph. Amb. 2. t.75-1s no doubt this plant, though
it has hitherto been quoted for Cordia Sebestena which is also now
before me from the West Inaies, in full blossom in the botanic garden
at Calcutta, and differs from Novella nigra inthe following respects.*

Ast. In having larger, cordate, almost entire, obtuse, scabrous leaves;,
whereas in C. campanulata they are smaller, longer-petioled, more.
Ovate ; repand, and very acute,

2d. In having corymbiform terminal panicles, with infundibuli-
form corols; on the other hand in campanulata the panicles are las
teral, and the corol campanulate. In both the calyx, stamina, and
pistillum ave nearly alike.

Hrupe (in campanulata) ovate, pointed with the permanent base.
of the-style, and completely covered with the thin dry permanent
calyx ; instead of pulp, as in the other species, there is a thick coat
of adry, firm, friable texture, scarcely differing in colour from the
nut.—Nut five-ribbed, with as many fluted grooves between, very
hard, light brown, adhering firmly to its friable covering, four-celled,
though it is rare to find all fertile, perforated up through the centre.
—Seed solitary, ovate, pointed. Integumené single, pure white,
thick, soft, and tender.—Perisperm none.—Embryo inverse, pure
white, Cotyledons deeply grooved, as in Sebestena officinalis, Gaert.
sem. 1, 364, t. 76. p. 1. Plumula small, two-lobed. Kadicle round.

ish, superlors

_® Sir Je E. Smith has hinted at this difference in Rees’s Cyclopedia, under Cordia.
—The trees of C. Sebestena which we possess at the botanic garden produce their
charming flowers in great profusion annually, during the hot season, and they appear other-
wise vigorous ard enduring the climate of Bengal perfectly well. It is therefore the more
to be regretted, that all our endeavours to increase them, by inducing them to produce
froit, or multiplying them by cutting, laying, or grafting, have hitherto proved atterly

aportive.—N, Wo

Cordia. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Di 337

7. C. muluccana, R.
‘ Leaves long-petioled, ovate-cordate, obtuse, entire, smooth. Pa-
nicles axillary and terminal, shorter than the leaves; calyx gibbous,
inside hairy. Style twice two-cleft. Drupe pointed, and nearly
hid in the calyx ; nut four-celled.

A native of the Moluccas. This species is often tetrandroug.
The filaments are short, and very hairy; as is also a rim round the
mouth of the gibbous tube of the corol, where they are inserted,

8. C. polyzama, R.

Polygamous. Leaves ovate-cordate, entire, scabrous. Panicle
terminal. Male generally tetrandrous, hermaphrodite often pentan-
drous.

A tree, a native of the mountains of Coromandel.. Flowers about
the month of May and the seeds ripen in August.

Trunk tolerably straight, but short. Bark pretty smooth, of a dark
olive colour. Branches spreading ; young shoots round and scabrous,
— Leaves alternate, petioled, from ovate to cordate, entire, or slightly
scallop-toothed; when young soft and villous, when old scabrous,
from one to six inches long, and about three-fourths of that broad —
Stipules none.— Panicles terminal, in the male more divided, pube=
scent. Flowers small, white.

HERMAPHRODITE FLowgRs on a separate tree.—Calyx nar-
row-campanulate ; mouth irregularly four- or five-toothed, villous on
the outside.—Corol funnel-shaped. Border four- or five-cleft ; divi-
sions linear, revolute.— Ll ilaments four, or five, shorter than the segs
ments of the border of the corol. Anthers incumbent.—Germ su.
perior, ovate, four-celled, with one ovulum in each, attached to the
axis. Style twice two-cleft. Sigmarather small, but rounded,—
Drupe oval, the size of a black currant, smooth, when ripe yellow.
Pulp mucilaginous, as in the officinal fruit of C. myzxa, one-celled.
Nut very hard, ovate, longitudinally perforated through the centre,
four-celled,—Seed solitary, ovate, &c. &c. almost exactly as in Sebess
tina officinalis, Gagrt, sem. 1, p: 364, ¢. 70. pr 1,

R4

388 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Cordia.

Mate Frowers on a different plant. Calyx and corol as in the
hermaphrodite, but more generally divided into four.— Filaments ce-
-nerally four, as long as the corol— Germ a spherical, abortive body,
without style or stigma.

Obs. In the early part of my botanical career, a very short des-
cription and drawing of the male plant were sent with my oiher dis.
patches of the same nature, to the Honourable the Court of Directors
under the name Callicarpa alternifolia, Roxb. N. 165.

9. C. angustifolia, R.

Leaves sub-opposite, lanceolate, scabrous. | Panicles terminal.
Flowers tetrandrous. Style twice two-cleft. Nut four-celled.

A native of Mysore, from thence Dr. Buchanan sent the seeds to
the botanic garden at Calcutta, in 1800, and in May 1803, the young
trees were in blossom for the first time.

Trunk short. Branches numerous, spreading in every direction,
with their long, slender extremities, often drooping. Bark ash-

coloured and pretty smooth.—Leaves sub-opposite, peticled, lan-
ceolate, generally entire, obtuse, scabrous, particularly when dry ;

. about four inches long, by one broad.—Petioles short, channelled.
— Stipules none.—Panicles terminal, corymbiform.— Flowers numer-

ous, small, white.—Calyz cylindric ; mouth obscurely four-toothed.

-—Corol. Tube longer than the calyx. Border of four linear, revo-
Jute divisions——Filaments four, inserted just below the divisions of

. the border.— Style two-cleft, with two-cleft divisions.—Drupe the
_size of a large pea, round, smooth, yellow, when ripe the pulp is yel=
low, gelatinous, and pellucid, Nué four-celled, though seldom more
than one seed comes to maturity, '

Obs. by N. W.

This is Cordia reticulata, Roth. nov. spec. 124, et Syst. Veg. iv.
454.—N, W.

Cordia. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 329

Additional species by N. W.

10. C. tomentosa, Wall.
Leaves round- ovate, more or less cordate at the base, repand, en-

tire, smooth above, very soft and tomentose underneath. Calyz

ovate, villous within.
Specimens are preserved in Dr. Heyne’s collection under the

name C. obliqua, var.

The densely tom entose, soft, round-ovate, acute, cordate or emar-
ginate leaves distinguish this species from C, Myza, (of which 0b-
liqua, Willd. is probably en'y a variety) and all the other species
known to me. C. domestica, Roth. comes near to it, but differs in
the figure and comparative smoothness of the leaves.—The flowers
are largish; style twice dichotomous, with bifid lobes.—N. W.

11. C. acuminata, Wail.

Arboreous, smooth. Leaves oblong-ovate, acuminate, entire. Co-
rymbs terminal, short, dichotomous, with infundibuliform flowers,
and smooth, deeply divided calyces.

A native of Silhet, where it was found in flower by Mr. De Silva
in February.

Beng. Ramuttz,

A widdle-sized tree, with smooth, rounded branchlets.— Leaves
scattered, longer than their interstices, measuring about five inches,
ending ma short acumen, perfectly smooth, coriaceous, with acute °
base and parallel nerves underneath. _—_ Petio/ an inch long, deeply
channelled.—Corymbs of an oval form, short-peduncled, twice or
thrice dichotomous, a little pubescent, with short unilateral spikes of
infundibuliform white flowers; they are mostly produced while the
tree is quite naked of leaves —Corolla smooth, with the tube at least
twice as long as the calyx, which is deeply divided into five, lanceolate,
acute, ciliate lobes; Jacinig bent backwards.—Stamina elevated

Qq2

346 PENTANDRIA MONOGYRIA. Ehretia,

above the throat, considerably shorter than the style, which is bifid at
the apex. Stigma crenulate, waved.—N. W.

EHRETIA, Schreb. gen, N. 352.

Calyzx five-parted, Corol one-petalled, five-parted. Stigma two-

eleft Drupe superior, with a four-partible nut, or with one or two
from two- to six-celled nuts.

1. E. serrata, R.

_ Leaves broad-lanceolate, serrate, five-pointed, smooth. Flowers
panicled. Style half two-cleft. Drupes with two two-celled nuts.

This tree has been introduced from Bhotan, and is now growing
and bearing fruit in Dr. Glass’s garden at Bhagulpoora, It is also
a native of the eastern part of Bengal. | Flowering time the begin-
ning of the hot season.

Leaves alternate, petioled, oblong, and broad-lanceolate, acutely
serrate, smooth on both sides; from two to five inches long, and
‘from one to two and a half broad.—Petiols short, slender, and
smooth.— Stipules none.—Panicles terminal, and from the exterior
‘axils, ovate-oblong, with numerous, short, spreading, compound,
‘and simple ramifications.— Flowers small, numerous, collected into
small, somewhat remote, sub-sessile fascicles; some of them hexan-
drous.— Bractes ovate, small, pressing on the calyx.—Calyz five-cleft.
—Corol. Tube as long as the calyx ; divisions of the border oblong
and spreading.— Filaments in the mouth of the tube of the corol, and
rather shorter than the border. Anthers ovate.—Germ roundish.—
Style as long as the stamens, half two-cleft. Stigma obtuse.— Drupes
round, pulpy, when ripe red, aud about the size of a pea— Nuts two-
celled, they are flat on one side, and convex on the other. The
above description is taken from trees sent to the botanic garden by
Dr. Glass, who says the fruit is delicious. Plants of the same have
also been received from Dr. Buchanan, but with him, about Luk-

Ehretia. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Sas

shmeepocia where the tree is indigenous the fruit is not esteemed,
indeed they have little or no pulp on them. The others have but lit-
tle, what they have is, however palatable. Both now have been
twelve years in the botanic garden. The trees are about thirty feet
high, ramous, and stout in proportion.

Obs. by N. W.

This is among the more common trees of Nipal where it is call.
ed Nulshima. It grows both on mountains and in valleys, blossom-
ing most profusely m the summer, and ripening its fruit during the
rains. Lhe latter are not touched by the natives. ‘he flowers spread
a honey-like powerful smell. In Selhet this species is called Kala
Oja (aia am).—N. W.

2. E. laevis, Willd. i. 1077. Roxb. Corom. 1. 56.

Arboreous. Leaves ovate, smooth. Corymbs lateral, composed
of dichotomeus, recurved, secund spikes. Dyupes with a four-par-
tible nut.

Teling. Seregada.

The species grows to be a pretty large tree. It is a native of
the Circar mountains.* ,

Trunk erect. Bark ash-coloured. Branches numerous, nearly
erect.— Leaves alternate, short-petioled, oval, sometimes scalloped,
pretty smooth, from three to four inches long, and two or three
broad.—Corymbs lateral or axillary, two-forked, composed of thin,
recurved, one-ranked spikes.— lowers white, small.

The parts of fructification as in the last, except that here the seeds
or nuts are wrinkled on the outside. The chief specific difference
is in the corymbs, there they are terminal, here lateral or axillary.

The wood of this tree is used by the hill people for many pur-
poses,

® It is abundant in some parts of Bengal. Ed.

242 FENTANDRIA MONOGYNEIA. Ehretia.

3. E. aspera, Willd. spec. i. 1077. Roxb. Corom. 1. 55.

Shrubby. Leaves ovate, above scabrous, below downy, Corymbs
terminal, dichotomous. Drupe with a four-celled nut.

Teling. Tella-joovi.

A small bushy tree, a native of dry rocky barren places, Flow-
ers during the wet season.

Trunk and larger branches covered with dark, rust-coloured
bark; young shoots downy.— Leaves alternate, petioled, ovate, above
scabrous, downy underneath, from two to three inches long, and
from one to two broad.— Petioles channelled, about an iwch long.
—Corymbs terminal, globular, composed of dense, recurved, one-
yanked spikes; divisions always two-forked.— Flowers very small,
white.—Calyz ; divisions ovate, outside downy.—-Corol. Tube gib-
bous.— Style two-cleft. Stigma simple.—Berry the size of a grain
of pepper, red, marked with four angular elevations, corresponding

with the angles of the four-celled nut.—Nué fourecelled, or by ex-

posure four-partible, smooth.

Obs. by N.W.

E. tomentosa, Roth. nov. spec. 126, (altered to E. Heynit in syst.
veg. iv, 532, the former name being preoccupied) is certainly the
above tree, of which specimens are preserved in Dr, Heyne’s collec-
tion labelled E. tomentosa.—N. W.

4. E. uniflora, R.

Shrubby, twiggy. Leaves crowded, sub-sessile, oblong, entire,
hairy. lowers solitary, sub-sessile. Drupe with four one-celled
puts.

A native of the Moluccas.

5. E. setosa, R.
Tender parts bristly. Leaves ovate-cordate, acuminate. Panicle

Ehretia. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 343

terminal, composed of dichotomous, secund, recurved. spikes.
Drupe with four one-celled nuts.
A native of the Island of Hamoa.

6. E. buaifolia, Willd. i. 1079. R. Corom. pl. 1. N. 57.

Shrubby. Leaves wedge-shaped, apex tridentate, scabrous, pedun-
cles from two- to six-flowered. Nuts five- or six-celled.

Corda retusa, Vahl. symb. ii. p. 42.

Yeling. Bapana-booree.

A midoig-sized, ramous shrub or small tree, very commen on
barren lands and in forests. Flowering time the wet season.

Leaves on the young shoots alternate, on the former branchlets
fascicied, sessile, reflered, wedge-formed, very scabrous, very bard
above, shining, from half an inch to an inch long, and a quarter or
half an inch broad.— Peduncles from amongst the leaves on the woody
branchlets, from two- to six-flowered— Pedicels very short.—F lowers
small, white.—Calyx five-parted, divisions lanceolate, as long as
the corol.—Coro/ campanulate. Border five- or six-cleft.— Stamens
five or six, shorter than the corol.—Style two-cleft. Stigmas sim-
ple.— Berry the size of a pea, succulent, red.— Nut five- or six-celled.

7. E. internodis, Willd. i. 1077.

Arboreous. Leaves oblong, entire, smooth. Panicles terminal

and lateral.
Found indigenous at the Mauritius by Colonel! Hardwicke.

Additional species by N. W.
8. E, macrophylla, Wall.
Arboreous. Leaves ovate, acute, sharply dentate, harsh, with short
stiff hairs above, soft and pubescent underneath. Panicle terminal.
An inhabitant of Chundra-giri in Nipal, where I found it with
unripe fruit in June.
A large tree. Branchlets round, with ash-coloured, callous, dotted

B44 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Ehbvretia,

bark ; while young slightly villous, with short pellucid hairs-— Leaves
alternate, coriaceous, rigid, spreading, from five to ten inches long,
ovate, acute at both ends, sometimes rounded at the base, copious~
ly and unequally cuspidato-dentate, dark green, harsh, with short vee
sicular hairs above ; pubescent and softish underneath, with alternate,
obilque nerves, uniting in sub-marginal arches and reticulate veins.
—Petiol pubescent and furrowed above.—Panicle terminal, pube=
scent, ramous. Pedicelsracemose. Drupe globular, ovate, obscure-
ly four-furrowed, slightly dotted, of the size of a smail gooseberry,
terminated by the long bifid style, supported at the base by a five-
cleft calyx, with ciliate, lanceolate, spreading laciniew. Nuts two, se+
mi-ovate, flat on the inside, convex and gibbous on the outside, two-
celled, two-seeded. Embryo cylindric, erect? cotyledons paral.el.
Obs. I have only seen the unripe fruit of this tree, the erect em-
bryo of which seemis to point it out as belonging to Beurreria (see

Gaert. fil. carp. iii. 170, ¢. 212, and Brown’s prodr. noy, holl. 1. 497,
a N. Ww.

9. E. umbellulata, Wall.
Arboreous. Leaves ovate, sub-entire, smooth. Uzmbellets scate

tered, round, small, pubescent. Corolla rotate, with retlexed lobes,
Style very short.

A native of Siihet, where it blossoms in March,

Beng. Kunuka.

A branchy tree. Branches covered with pale, ash-coloured, cal:
lous-dotted bark; smooth, as are all the other parts.— Leaves alter-
nate, ovate,-repand, slightly undulate, from three to five inches long,
generally with a retuse apex, perfectly smooth, acute at the base,
shining above, with capillary, alternate nerves underneath, uniting in
sub-marginal, elegantly reticulate arches.—Petiol slender, half an
inch long-—Flowers all hermaphrodite, very small, white, fragrant,
crowded together in lateral, simple or corymbose, pubescent umbels.
Pedicels short. Calyx supported by au oval bracte ; lobes rounded,
ciliate. Corolla sub-rotate, with recurved, ovate lacinie, rather

Chrysophyllum., PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIAs 345.

sliorter than the stamens.—Ovary ovate, smooth. Style very short,
fleshy ; deeply and almost equally four-lobed.

Obs. Not having seen the fruit { am unable to decide on the true
genus to which this tree belongs, Lt is however either an Ehretia
era Beurreria.—N. W.-

CHRYSOPHY LLUM, Schreb. gen. N. 355.

Calyz five-leaved. Corol campanulate, five-parted. (ten, Linn.)
Germ five-celled; cells one-seeded ; attachment interior, Berry su-
perior, five-seeded (ten, Linn. one or ten, Gaert.) Embryo erect,
and furuished with @ pertsperm.

1. C. acuminatum, R. l
Leaves lanceolate, acummate, smooth. Flowers axillary. Fruié

globose, five-seeded.

Pitakara is the vernacular name about Silhet, where the tree is,
indigenous, and blossoms in April. The fruit ripens in October, and is
greedily eaten by the natives; though to me the taste is by no means
agreeable ; the pulp being almost insipid, and though tolerably firm,
uncommonly clammy, adhering to the lips or knife, with great te-
nacity.

A middling-sized tree, with numerous slender, smooth, round
branchiets.

Leaves alternate, short-petioled, lanceolate, entire, acuminate,
polished on both sides, except while young, then clothed with fer-
ruginous down; veins small, simple and parallel ; from three to four
inches long, and one and a quarter broad.— Peduncles axillary, se=

_yeral together, recurved, one-flowered.— flowers minute, pale yel-
low.—Calyzx five-leaved, leaflets oval.—-Corol one-petalled. Tube
the length of the calyx, border five-parted, segments oval.—Iila-
ments five, inserted into the tube of the corol near the base. Anthers

in the mouth of the tube.—Germ inferior, ovate, very hairy, five-
Re

—_—— Se

$45 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Tectona.

celled, with one ovulum in each, attached to the middle of the
axis, Style short. Stigma fiveslobed.— Berries spherical, size of
a small crab-apple, smooth, when ripe yellow. Pu/p ia considera-
ble quantity, five-celled.— Seed solitary, attached to the axis by the
greater part of the length of the thin inner edge, smooth, polished, of a
shining brown colour.—Perisperm conform to the seed, yellowish.—
Embryo extended through the whole perisperm, erect. Cofyledons
obliquely ovate, thin, three-nerved. _Radicle curved, sub-cylindric,
inferior.

TECTONA, Schreb. gen. N. 356.

Calyx five-toothed, becoming inflated over the growing pericarp.
Corel one-petalled. Germ four-celled; cell one-seeded, attachment
central. Drupe superior, dry, hid in the calyx. Nut four-seedede
Seed solitary. Embryo erect, without perisperin.

1. T. grandis, Willd. sp. 1. 1088. Roxb. Corom. 1. N. 6.

Tekka, Rheed. mal. iv. p. 57. ¢. 27.

Jatus, Rumph. amb. ili. p. 34. ¢. 18.

Leling. Teek.

Can. Jaadi.

Beng. Sagoon, or Segoon.

This most useful tree is a mative of various parts of India, viz.
the mountainous parts of the Malabar and Coromandel Coasts, of the
mountains bordering on the banks of the Godavuree above Raja-
mundi, and of Pegu. Lord Cornwallis and Colonel Kyd have somes
time since begun to introduce it into Bengal, where it thrives well.
On this coast it flowers in June and July. The seeds ripen in Sep.
tember and October. In Bengal, the leaves are deciduous during
the cool season; and the new foliage appears in May, a few weeks
before the flowers.

Trunk erect, growing to an immense size. Bark ash-coloured
and scaly, Branches numerous, spreading ; young shoots fouresided,

Sideroxylon, PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIAy 847

sides channelled.— Leaves opposite-petioled, spreading, oval, a little
scalloped, above scabrous, below covered with whitish, rather soft
down, they are larger at a distance from the flowers and on young
trees, viz. from twelve to twenty-four inches long, and from eight to
sixteen broad.—Petiols short, thick, laterally compressed-— Panicles
terminal, very large, cross-armed ; divisions dichotomous, with a ses-
sile fertile flower in each cleft; the whole covered with a hoary co-
Joured, farinaceous substance.—Peduncles common, quadrangular 3
sides deeply channelled, angles obtuse.—Bractes opposite, lanceo-
late, two at each sub-division.— Flowers small, white, very numerous.
—Calyx and corol as described by Konig, only oftener six- than five-
cleft.—Nectary very small, frequently wanting.— Stamens often six.
—Germ superior, round, hairy, four-celled, with one ovulum in each
attached to the axis. Stigma two-cleft, divided, obtuse, spreading,
— Drupe within the enlarged, inflated, dry calyx, obtusely four-sided,
woolly, spongy, dry.— Nut exceedingly hard, four-celled, &c. as ac:
curately described by Gaertner, Carp. 1.257. t. 7.

The wood of this tree, the only useful part of it, has from long ex-
perience been found to be by far the most useful timber in Asia ;
it is light, easily worked, and at the same time both strong and du-
rable. ‘That which grows on the mountains on the banks of the Go.
davuree, is beautifully veined, and considerably closer in the grain,
and heavier than any other I have seen. It is therefore particularly
fit for furniture, gun carriages, &c. For ship building it is reckon.
oned superior to every other sort of wood; being light, strong, and
very durable, either in or out of the water,

Pegu produces the largest quantity, and their large rivers enable
the natives to bring it down to the sea ports from the interior moun-
tainous parts of the country, where it grows, at acheap rate; which
enables them to sell it lower than in any other part of India.

SIDEROXYLON, Schreb. gen. N. 357.

Calyx five-cleit. Corol rotate, five-cleft. Nectary five-legaved,
Rra2

346 FENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA Sideroxylon.

inserted on the fissures of the corol, alternate with the stamina. Stigma
simple. Berry superior, five-seeded- Embryo erect.

1. S. tomentosum, Willd. 1. p, 1090. R. Corom. pl. 1. N. 98.
Unarmed. Leaves alternate, oblong, waved, downy, Flowers
axillary, fascicled. Berry with from one to five seeds.

A small tree, a native of the tops ofmountams chiefly. Flowering

during the hot season.

Trunk erect. Bark ash-coloured. Branches erect, very nnmer-

ous.— Leaves alternate, short-peitoled, oval, a littie scolloped, when

full grown smooth; when young covered with much rust-coloured

down; from three to five inches long, and one and half broad.—

Peduncles axiliavy, numerous, short, downy, bowing, undivided, one-

flowered.— Flowers small, dull white —Calyx below, five-leaved ;

leaflets imbricated, downy, permanent.—Carol one-petalied. Tube
short, inside downy, maigin simple, five-parted ; segments spreading,
half lanceolate, acute, wav ed. —Nectary leaflets five, alternate, with
the filaments, waved, leagth of the stamens.— Stamens five. Le

. ovate, hid in the tube of the corol. — Berry ovate, size of an oliye.—
Seeds generally one or two, though there are the rudiments of five
in the germ,

2.8. grandifolium, Wall.
Leaves obovate-e iiptic, tapering downwards, smooth, Filpwers
globular, i in numerous axillary and lateral fascicles, Lacinig of the

_ corolla obtuse. Ovary densely beaded.

Grows wild in the whet district, b lossoming in April; from thence
communicated to me by the late My, Smith in 1819. 4A

Beng. Khali Jamera. Aoa.

A large forest tree. Branches angular, tubercled from the fallen
Jeaves, with ash-grey bark, Young branches as well as all other
parts perfectly emooth.— Leaves scattered, approximate towards the

‘ends’ of the branches, spreading, coriaceops, smooth, shining, of

an elliptic-obovate form, terminated hy a short acumen, gradually

Rhamnus. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 349

tapering downwards from the outer third part, where they are as broad
asa hand; acute and sub-decurrent at the base; from six to ten or
twelve inciies long; rib prominent underneath, and the oblique re-
mote nerves running out to the very margin, where they unite by
many capillary, sub-transversal, reticulate veins.— Petiols slender, an
jnch or an inch and a halt long, flat above, the apex somewhat mar-
gined, Stipules none.—Flowers small, round, pea-green, eight or ten
crowded together in very numerous fascicles; they are axillary, or
lateral, small, rounded, covering almost entirely the branches under
the leaves.— Peduncles four lines long, clavate, slightly pubescent;
their bases surrounded by a number of ovate, minute, withering
scales.— Leaflets of the calyx round, a little concave, ‘membrane-

‘margined and slightly eiliate, somewhat unequal in size, imbricating.

—Corvlla smooth, whitish, nearly globular, scarcely longer than the
calyx, divided into five ovate, obtuse, crenulate lacinie. Stamina
shorter than the corolla.—F'2/aments ten, erect, inserted in a double
row in the inside of the corolla; the lower five fertile, subulate, op-
posite to the laciniz, with ovate, two-celled anthers ; the uppermost

five linear, whitish, sterile, inserted just below the fissures between

the laciniz,—Ovary flattish-ovate, densely bearded with short, erect,

rather stiff hairs, svithout any surrounding disc, five-celled, five-seed-
ed; ovula inserted on the axis. Stye thick, colummar, as long as
the corolla. Stigma truncate.— Fruit not seen.

Ofs. ‘The anatomy of its flowers agrees so well in the essential
parts with that of 5, znerme, L., introduced by my excellent friend
Dugald Carmichael, Esq. (ate Capt. H. M. 72d Regiment) into
the botanic garden at Calcutta, that I prefer placing it here instead
of referring it to Bumelia, Sw. or Sersalisia, Br. until an examina
tion of the fruit shail enable me to decide the point.—N. W.

RHAMNUS, Schreb. gen. N. 338.

Calyx five-parted. Corol five-petalled. Germ sunk im the saucer-
shaped nectary ; from two to three-celled ; cells one-seeded ; attach-

a
‘yy

350 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIAs Rhamnus.

ment inferior. Berry superior, from one to three-seeded. Embryo

‘erect; perisperm scanty.

1. R. incanus, R.
Unarmed, odorous. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, entire, smooth above,

hoary underneath. Séepules filiform. Corymbs on small axillary

branchlets. Style three-cleft.
Reared in the botanic garden at Calcutta from seed received from

the Moluccas. Flowering time the cold season.

Trunk straight. Branches numerous, nearly horizontal. Branchlets
alternate, bifarious, Bark smooth; that of the woody parts ash-colour-
ed, that of the young shoots green.— Leaves alternate, bifavious, peti-
oled, ovate-lanceolate, entire, smooth above, very white underneath 5
length from two to twelve inches, and from one to five broad.—Siz-
pules filiform.—Corymés altemmate, on small, sub-erect, axillary
branchlets.—Flowers very numerous, small, greenish yellow.—Calyx
villous on the outside, and keeled on the inside.— Corol petals (scae
lets, Linn.) cuneate, concave.—Style three-cieft.— Berries round,
smooth, united to, and resting on the remaining calyx, the size of a
small cherry, when ripe biack, and filled round the seeds with a dry
mealy substance.—Seeds three when all come to perfection, which
is seldom the case, slightly united,

2. R. circumscissus, Willd. sp. }. 1001.*

Shrubby, armed with sub-opposite recurved prickles. Leaves
‘sub-opposite, round-obcordate, dentate, polished. Umbellets axil-
lary.

Sung. Waart, Bhoovuduree, fafaqeet, Kshitivuduree, gat
acet, Vulleevuduree, qaCqMl, Vuduruvullee, qEmterat, Bu-
hoophulaka, AeIeay, Lughoovuduree, eTMat, Vuduruphulee,
Baca, Sookshmuvudureee

a native of the forests of India, where its ine straggling branchee

* Ceapothys, Gaertn. carp. i, 110, t. 106,

Rhamnus, PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 051

armed with the most acute, strong, recurved thorns give the most
cautious travellers infinite pain and trouble, Flowering season the
months of January, February, and March; the seeds take nearly a
year to ripen.

Trunk short, soon dividing into many, long, straygling, scandent
branches; with numerous, diverging, alternate, round, smooth,
armed branchlets.—Spines on the lateral branches axillary, solitary,
rather longer than the petioles, coloured, very sharp, and a little
recurved ; the leading shoots are unarmed.— Leaves sub-opposite,
short- petioled, roundecordate, dentate, firm and polished on both
sides ; about three-quarters of an inch each way.—Svipules small,
caducous.—Umbellets axillary, solitary, very small, from tene to
twelve-flowered, the floriferous axils bear no thorns.—Calyr globee
campanulate, five-toothed.—Petals or scales crescent-shaped.—
Germ ovate. Style scarcely any. Stigma somewhat two-lobed.—
Berry a little depressed and umbilicate, smooth, the size of a mare
rowfat pea, having the base covered by the remaining calyx.—Seeds
five when all come to maturity. ;

3. R. virgatus, BR,

Shrubby, erect, spines terminal. Leaves oblong-ventricose, serz
rate. Flowers round the base of the young shoots and axillary, tern;
corol four-cleft, Stigma two or three-cleft.

A native of Nipal, from thence Dr. Buchanan sent seeds to
the botanic garden at Calcutta in 1802, where the plants grow free-
ly tothe size of a very large shrub; they blossom in March, and ripen
their seed in October and November.

Trunk not very short, distinct from the branches, all are erect
dividing and sub-dividing into long, terminal, straight, unarmed twigs,
and short, rigid, lateral spinous pointed branchlets, bark of the old
woody parts beautifully variegated with ash-colour and brown, that of
the young shoots smooth and green.—Leaves alternate, rarely
sub-opposite, short-petioled, reclinate, oblong-venteicose, serrate,
pretty smooth on both sides; from one to three inches long,

en

Ci]

352 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. © Fthamnus:

®

and from half an inch to an inch broad.—Stipudes petiolary,
ensiform, ciliate, base permanent.—Peduncles from the ‘scales
which embrace the base of the young shoots, and axillary, ge-
nerally tern, slender, one-flowered.— Flowers very smali, yellow.—
Calyt campanulate, more generally four- than five-clelt.—Coro/ no
other than the little scales of the genus, which are here very imper-=
fect.—Filaments four or five, as there are divisions m the border of
the calyx, small.- Anthers often imperfect—Germ two or three-
lobed, ovate, smooth, from two to three-celled, with one ovulum in
each, attached to the lower and inner angle of its cell. Styde short.
Stigma twoe or three-cleft; segments recurvate.

It differs from R. catharticus ; the only species known to me which
it approaches, in having a two- or three-cleft stigma, with just as
“many lobes, cells, and seeds as in the germ, consequently the number
‘of seeds in the berry can never exceed the contents of the germ, it
cannot therefore be catharticus, which has a four-cleft stigma, and
four-seeded berry.

Obs. by N. W.

This is among the more common trees in Nipal where I have
found it both on mountains and in valleys. It flowers in April and
May, and ripens its fruit in July.

It grows to be a middling size, and is copiously furnished with
rigid branches ; which are opposite while young, ending in a round,
slender spine. The bark is pretty even, covered with a shining sil-
very epidermis, which separates here and there. The leaves appear
fascicled when they first shoot out, which happens when the tree is
in blossom; afterwards they become’ remote, and are generally sub-
opposite ; their form Is lanceolate, tapering at both ends, acuminate ;
the serratures terminated by a small glandular withering point, be-
coming svon obtuse ; nerves alternating, very oblique, reticulate toe
wards the margin; their axils slightly depressed and villous under-
neath; veinsnumerous, transversely reticulate, inconspicuous.— Petiol
pubescent, channelled, slender, half an inch long.—Stepules oppo-

Ziziphus. PENTANDRIA MONOCYNIA. 353

- site, ciliate, acute.—Fascicles shorter than the petals of the full grown
leaves. Flowers greenish, always hermaphrodite and four-cleft in
their wild state. Petals almost capillary, measuring scarcely half
the length of the lacinie of the calyx.—Svamina a little longer than
the petals.— Style cleft in two to the middle. Stigmas convex,—
Berry from two to three-celled, two or three-seeded, of a purple
colour, supported by the small truncate calyx, resembling in every
respect the common Buckthorn (RA. catharticus.)

lt is certainly very much like the last mentioned species, nor
pethaps to be sepaiated except on account of its greater size, its
more acuminate leaves, and the invariably united flowers. The
wood is very hard and heavy, of a chocolate colour towards the cen-
tre; | am not aware that it is prized by the inhabitants of Nipal, nor
does the size of the stem, which scarcely ever exceeds six inches in
diameter, admit of its being employed to any considerable extent in
carpentry.—N,. W.

A. R. lucidus, R.

Sub-arboreous, armed with short, opposite and solitary, recurved
aculei. Leaves opposite, from round to oblong, emarginate, entire,
polished and firm. Peduncles axillary, short, from two to foure
flowered. Berries globular, generally two-seeded.

A small, very ramous tree, with far spreading and straggling, some«
what scandent branches ; a native of the Mauritius. It is very near-
ly allied to R. circumscissus, the chief difference is in the leaves
being entire and retuse, or emarginate in this species,

ZIZIPHUS, Lamarck.

Calyx five-parted. Corol five-petalled. | Germ hid in a crenu-
late, flat nectary, from two to three-celled ; cells one-seeded ; attach-
ment inferior. Drupe superior, nut from one to three, or more, ones

seeded. Embryo erect, with scanty perisperm, or none,
ne Ss

RBA FPENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Ziziphus.

1. Z. trinervia, R.

Arboreous, unarmed. Leaves ovate-oblong, three-nerved, obtuse.
y serrate, glossy. flowers in axiliary fascicles. Stigma two-cleft.
Drupes spherical.

A native of Mysore; from whence Dr. Buchanan sent seeds to
the botanic garden at Calcutta in 1800, and in eight years the plants
therefrom have grown to be beautiful small trees, of about twenty
feet in height, with innumerable branches and branchlets spreading
in every directions, with extremities often pendulous, and crowded
with beautiful, dark green, glossy foliage. © Flowering time in the
botanic garden March and April, the fruit ripens in September, Qc-

tober, and November.

Leaves alternate, bifarious, short-petioled, broad-lanceolate, or
ovate-oblong, obtuse, strongly marked with three nerves, smooth,
firm and glossy, obtusely serrulate, from one to five inches long,
and from one to two anda half broad.—Stipules filiform, cadu--
cous.—Flowers numerous, small, greenish yellow, collected in little
axillary fascicles.—Scales of the corol small, and shorter than the
recurved stamens.—Germ ovate, immersed in the large, convex,
fleshy receptacle, two- celled, with one ovulum i in each, attached from
the base to the bottom of the partition. Style scarcely any. Stigma
two-cleft, divisions short and recur ved.— Drupes spherical, the size
of a cherry, polished, of a lively yellow, one-celled. Pulp soft, gela~
tinous and sweet, Nut obovate, considerably flattened, a little ru-
gose, one- or two-celled.—Seed conform to the cell, of a brownish
colour, and rather soft.— Embryo nearly as long, and broad as the
perisperm, and of the same colour, erect. Cotyledons two, nearly
orbicular. Radicle obovate, inferior, .

Obs. by N. W.
This isthe same as Z. trinervia var. glabrata, Roth. nov spec,
159 (Z. sororia, syst. veg. v. 337,) as 1 have ascertained by coms

parison of the specimens preserved in the late Dr. Heyne’s collection

Ziziphus, PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 355

with those of the botanic garden of Calcutta. It must not be con-
founded with Z. trinervia, Poiret. (Rhamnus, Cavan.)—N. W.

2. Z. albens, KR.

Arboreous. Prickles solitary, recurved. Leaves obliquely oval,
serrulate, downy underneath. Corymbs axillary, long-peduncled.
Corol none. Style twoeclett. Drupes drooping, smooth, white.

Found by Dr. Hunter in Col. Palmer’s garden, near Calcutta,
in full flower, and with ripe fruitin April 1803. It was originally
brought from China.

Trunk arboreous, with spreading branches.— Prickles solitary on
the underside, short, recurved, being nothing more than the indura-
ted stipules.—Leaves alternate, bifarious, short-petioled, three.
nerved, obliquely oval, most slightly serrulate, downy underneath.—
Stipules subulate, the lower one hardens into a prickle, the other is
caducous.— Peduncles axillary, solitary, three or four times longer
than the petioles, many-flowered.—Calyx five-cleft—Corol none,
nor any thing like the usual scales of the genus.—Style two-cleft.—
Drupe round, the size of a small cherry, smooth, when ripe white,
and pendulous. The pulp rather mealy and sweet. Nué turbinate,
thin, two-celled, with a single seed in each.

8. Z. latifolia, R.

Arboreous, prickles stipulary, short, and recurved. Leaves oval,
serrate, three-nerved, downy underneath. Panicles terminal, Petals
wanting, Drupe turbinate- Nut one-celled.

This species is very rare.. It is a native of mountainous tracts in
the Circars and grows to be a small tree.

Prickles solitary, very thick, but short, recurved, a rigid pointed
thorn-like stipule occupies the other side of the insertion of the pe-
tiole.— Leaves alternate, short-petioled, bifarious, oval, serrate, threes
nerved, smooth, from four to six inches long.—Corymbs terminal,
aud from the exterior axils, ferming a large oblong panicle.—Corol

Ss2

358 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, : Ziziphus.

none.—Nectary as in the other species.—Anthers three-lobed.—
Germ two-celled, one ovulum in each, attached to the bottom of the
cell.— Drupe turbinate, size of a cherry, yellow.-—-Nut generally one-
celled.

Obs. by N. W,

I have found this tree in Nipal, at least one so closely allied to
those in the botanic garden that [I dare not separate them. Ie is
rather rare in the vicinity of the valley, blossoming during the sum-

mer and ripening its fruits towards the end of the rains; it is also.

found at Noakote; and I havehad specimens of it from Si!hetunderthe
name of Enoree (3catat).— Roths Z. obliqua, nov. spec. 160 is this very
species, as I have ascertained from specimens in Dr, Heyne’s col-
lection ; and Z. paniculata of that work (p. 161) scarcely differs from
either. The following description is taken from the tree of Nipal. ft
grows to the height of twelve to sixteen feet, with irregular trunk ;
crooked, spreading branches, and rough ash-coloured bark.—Ali the
young parts are most abundanily clothed with rust-coloured, soft to-
mentum ; the new shoots surrounded at the base with some persistent
budescales. Prickles short, robust, slightly recurved.— Leaves of the
old branches very large, their sides and base very unequal, apex round-
ed, mostly acute ; many-nerved, there being generally several lateral
nerves besides the principal three ; while young they are densely co-
vered with ferruginous soft tomentum, Petiols short, villous. Panicles
lateral and terminal on the naked branches, loose, ramous, generally
two or three together. Peduncles flexuose. Flowers crowded, sub-
sessile, in geminate umbellets. Calyx cup-shaped, smooth within,
as well as the pedicels yellowish; dacinie lanceolate, acute. Corol
absolutely none.—Ovary twoecelled, two-seeded, half plunged into a
fleshy, five-pitted, five-lobed, yellow disc ; style smooth, deeply bifid,
scarcely equalling the stamina in length. Drupe as large as a small
filbert, round-obovate, supported by the narrow remainder of the bot-
tom of the calyx, one-celled, one-seeded ; it is eaten by the natives.
—N. W.,

Ziziphus. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 357

4. Z. Jujuba, Willd. sp. i. 1104,

Arboreous. Leaves obliquely-ovate, serrate. Peduncles axillary,
many-flowered. horns stipulary, one recurved, the other straight.
Nuts two-celled.

Perim'Yoddali, Rheed. mal. iv. 85. t. 41.

Malum indicum, Rumph. amb, ii. 117, t. 36.

Sung. AU, Kurkundhoo, RAR, Kurkundhoo, qezt, Vus

duree, qat:, Vudura, AIfa:, Kol, AT, Kola, Tat Kolee,
atTe:, Phenila, SATA, Souveeruka, WSERA, Gooduphula,
aay, Balesta, wMAREe:, Phulushishira, Seats:, Drirhe.
veeja, ZARA, Vientuphula, HAT, Kuntukee, THAIN,
Vukrukuntuka, wat=x:, Sooveera, HUA, Soophula, We,
Swuchha, Battyat. Ujapriya, El Kooha, faqAt, Vishume,

SHARC: Oobhuyukunteka.

Beng. Kool.

Hind. Bier.

Telinca, Rengha.

On the coast of Coromandel this grows to be asmall tree.* Flow:
ering time the rainy season; the fruit ripens a'ter the rains.

Trunk seldom straight, yet not much bent. Bark scabrous, much
and deeply cracked. Branches spreading in every direction; branch.
lets bifarious, flexuose ; young parts alittle downy.— Thorns stipulas
ry, very sharp ; the under one recurved, the upper one straight.—~
Leaves short-petioled, alternate, bifarious, obliquely-oval, serrate,
with the apex often three-toothed, above smooth, below downy ; from
one to two inches long.—F lowers axillary, crowded on sub-sessile
umbellets.—Calyx one-leaved, spreading, five-parted, divisions
acute.—Petais (scales of Linn.) five, wedgeeshaped, apex large,
concave, spoon-like, with its margin slightly crenulate ; they are in«
serted on the inside of the divisions of the calyx.—Nectary saucer-

shaped, perforated for the pistillum, margin ten-notched,—Filaments

* In Bengal it is very common also.—N. We

os PANTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Liziphise

five, rather shorter than the petals, and inserted immediately over
them, so that the small oval anthers rest in their concave apices.—
Germ above. Style two-cleft; divisions recurved. Drupe globular,

size of a Jarge cherry, smooth, yellow when ripe.—Nué rough, two-
celled.— Seed solitary, affixed at the base.
The fruit is eaten by all classes of persons.

Obs. by the Editor.
There is a variety of this species, or perhaps a distinct species,
which produces an excellent fruit of along form, about the size of
a hen’s egg, to which the following Sungskrzt names belong.

LTHIAT:, Rajuvudura, BTS, Niipesta, TrsHqMH:, Raju-
vullubha, Zyqex:, Nripuvudura, TART, Prithookola, A
ats, Tunooveeja, TITRE, Niardnepca pha a, TIARA, Ra-

jakola.
Beng. Narikelee Kool.— Ed.

5. Z. oulgaris, Willd. sp. i. 1105.

Leaves obliquely oval, serrulate, three-nerved, hoary underneath.
Thorns stipulary, one straight, the other recurved. Drupe oblong.
Nuts sharp-pointed, two-celled.

Z. sativa, Gaert. i. p. 202. t. 43. f. 4

A pretty large tree, often as large as full grown apple tree in Eng.
land, a native of Persia, and Hindoost’han ; only found in gardens
in Bengal, where it blossoms in August, and the fruit ripems in Ja-
nuary. | |

6. Z. nitida, R.

Arboreous. Thorns stipulary, one projecting, one recurved, Leaves
obliquely ovate-oblong, three-nerved, obtusely serrate, smooth. Fruits
gub-cylindric ; nués two-celled.

Intreduced from China into the botanic garden at Calcutta, where
it grows to be a small tree. Flowering time the hot season.

Liziphus. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 359

Root superficial, sending up many suckers for some yards round
the tree.—Trunk generally crooked. Bark brown, pretty smooth ;
branches few, flexuose, and thin of leaves.—Spines stipulary, the up-
per one straight, long, and pointing much forward, the other shorter
and recurved.— Leaves alternate, short-petioled, obliquely oblong,
emarginate, three-nerved, serrate, smooth, of a shining green on both
sides, from one to two inches long.— Flowers axillary, few, collected
on short common peduncies ; they are small, yellow, semi-digynous.
—Drupe oblong, pendulous and smooth, about an inch long, when
ripe pale-yellow. Nué lanceolate, pointed at both ends, a little com-
pressed, rugose, two-celled.

The fruits are eaten, but to my taste they are rather insipid. Innu-
merable suckers constantly rise from the root which run to a great
distance from the parent tree, and make it a troublesome plant ina
garden, but atthe same time they render it easily propagated, if neces-
sary.

7.Z. Lotus, Lamarck encyclop. ist. 804. Illustr. 1. 185. f. 2.

Arboreous ; spines stipulary, one long, slender, and straight, the
other recurved. Leaves oval, three-nerved, most slightly crenulates
serrate, smooth on both sides. #lowers axillary, style two-cleft.

Z. Lotus, Willd, i. 11053.

A native of Persia, &c. ; blossoms in the hot season in the botanic
garden at Calcutta. It is readily known from its Indian congeners
by the whiteness of its bark, and the pale-yellow tinge of its long

and very slender prickles.

8. Z. elliptica, R.

Arboreous. Thorns paired, the upper one rather incurved, the un-
der one recurved. Leaves elliptically oval, serrulate, three-nerved,
pale underneath. Corymbs axillary, dichotomous. Flowers semietri-
synous,

A stout straight tree, a mative of Tranvancore, from thence intros

360 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA- Ziziphus,

duced by Dr. A. Berry, into the botanic garden at Calcutta, where it
blossonis m May and June,

Trunk straight, but slightly bent to one side, covered with pretty
smooth, brown bark. Branches and branchlets numerous, spread-
ing much while young, and divaricated when old. Young shoots
slightly villous, and tlexuose.— Prickles paired and stipulary; the up-
per one straighter and pointing forward; the under one much recury=
ed. Leaves alternate, bifarious, short-petioled, elliptically oval with
the base obliquely cordate, finely serrulate, three-nerved, smooth
above, pale and soft underneath, from one to two inches long.—Sti-
pules subulate, soon becoming the sharp thorns above described —
Corymbs axillary, much shorter than the leaves, several times dicho-
tomous, villous, many-flowered.— Calyz, corol, and stamina, as im the
genus.— Germ ovate, immersed in the receptacle, three-celled, with
one ovulum in each, attached to the bottom of the ceil. Style short,

three-cleft.

9. Z. Oenoplia, Willd. 1. 1105.

Shrubby. Tiorns solitary, recurved. Leaves unequally ovate-
cordate, entire, acute; three-nerved, downy underneath. Flowers
minute, crowded inthe axils.

Native of various parts of India. Flowering time the close of the

rains.

10. Z. tomentosa, R.

Shrubby. Thorns solitary, scarcely curved. Leaves unequally ovate«
cordate, three-nerved, obtuse, minutely serrulate, hairy above, and
tomentose underneath. Panicles lateral.

A short, very ramous shrub, a native of Chittagong, and there used

for fences.

11. Z. xylopyrus, Willd. spec. i. 1104.
Arboreous. Leaves obliquely cordate, three-nerved, serrate, downy.

Thorns when present stipulary, one recurved, the other straight, —
Nuis three-celled, three-valved.

Ziziphus, PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 361

Rhamnus Xylopyrus, Retz. obs. il, 11.

Telinga. Got. :

Common in every forest on the coast of Coromandel.

In a good soil it grows to be a pretty large ee, with a tolerably
erect trunk, but in general it 1s found in the state of a large straggling
shrub, Lark iight ash-coloured, much cracked, corky ; young parts
covered with soft white down.—The prickles ina poor soil. are always
present and stipulary, the under one recurved, the upper one erect and
suaght.— Leaves alternate, short-peuoled, bifarious, obliquely-cor-
date, serrate, three-nerved, downy, particularly on the under side, about
two inches jong —Corymés axiilary, small, many-flowered. Flowers as
in the genus.—Siyle three-cleft.—Drupe the size of a large cherry,
giceyish and downy, matked round the base with the remains of the
nectary. Nut three-celled, three-valved, the valves separating when
the nut has been sometime exposed to the weather, leaving a centiical
three-sided receptacie.—Seeds one in each cell, orbicular, compress~
eq, affixed at the base to the receptacle,

Cattle eat the leaves, young shoots, and fruit. ‘The kernels taste.
like filberts, and are eaten by the Natives,

The wood of the largest trees is much esteemed by the natives ;
being yellowish or orange-coloured, very hard,and du:able, and.at the
same time not very heavy.

12. Z. Caracutta, Buck,

Arboreous. Thorns im pairs; the under one recurved, the upper
one straight. Leaves round, serrulate, three-nerved. Peduncles axil-
lary, very short, many-flowered, Style three-cleft. Drupe oval, with
a three-celled nut,

A native of the Southern parts of Mysore, and there known to the
natives hy the name Karakutta. Seeds sent from thence by Dr.
Buchanan to the botanic garden at Calcutta produced plants, which
in four years were about ten feet high, with a tolerably erect, stout

trunk, and many spreading, crooked branches ; covered with smooth,
Dit

”

302 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Liziphus.

dark ash-coloured bark. ‘The young shoots are round, and villous.
They blossom in April, and the fruit ripens in December.

Thorns in stipulary pairs, the lower one recurved, the upper one
straight, both are hard, smooth, and acute ; where the flowers are,
the thorns are generally deficient — Leaves short-petioled, obliquely
yound-cordate, or nearly round, obtuse, or retuse, serrulate, threes
nerved ; while young somewhat villous; from one to two inches long,
and nearly as broad.—Peduicles axillary, very short, bearing many
sinal!, short-pediceiled, greenish-yellow Howers.— Style three-cleft,—-
Drupe the size of a large cherry, oval, depressed a little at both ends,
smooth, dark-brown; fleshy part tough, firm, and yellowish, Nué
roundish, a little uneven on the outside, very hard and thick, three-
celled.— Seeds solitary, attached to the hottom of the cell, nearly round,
compressed, convex on the inside. Jnleguments two; the exéerior
firm, light brown, and polished; the inner thin and softer. Peris-
perm; when the seed is ripe, there is only on each side of the em-
bryo a white, fleshy lamina; but at this period not connected round
its margins, as before maturity. Embryo. erect ; cotyledons two, neare
ly five-nerved. Radicle inferior, oval, just within the umbilicus.

13. Z. microphylla, R.

Shrubby; branchlets bifarious, flexuose. Thorns stipulary, one
straight, the other recurved. Leaves ovate, three-nerved, serrulate,
woolly underneath, lowers fascicled. Stigma two-cleft.

Jujubas zizyphus zeylanica, Pluck. Alm. 199. t. 197. f. 2-

Riamnus nummularia, Burm. ind. 61.

Common cn barren uncultivated lands on the Coromandel! coash
Flowesing time the beginning of the rainy season.

Stem scarcely any, but many slender, rigid, bifarious, flexuose
branches spreading in all directions, and forming a small bush. Bark
covered with a light-ca'oured, almost white pellicle—Thorns stipu-
lary, the upper one straight, slender, but very sharp, and as long as
the leaves. The under one shorter, and much recurved.— Leaves al-

ternate, bifarious, very short-petioled, ovate and oval, serrulate, above

Ziziphus. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIAe 363

pretty smooth, woolly underneath ; about half an inch long.— Flowers
collected in the axils of the leaves, short-peduncled.—Ca/yx tomene

tose on the outside.— Petals short-clawed, oval.—Stigma two-cleft,

14. Z. Napeca, Willd. spec. i. 1104.
Sbrubby, climbing. Leaves obliquely cordate, serrate, threee

nerved, downy underneath. Thorns ss sea Nuts two-celled.
Sung. TART, Sookshmuphula, qgawe 3uhookuntukas

WAIAR> Sookshmuputruka, ZU es Hat:, Mu-

Aidt a, WALTSTL:, Shuverahara, fatatqa:, Shikhipreya, aa

ds, Kurkundhoo, DUAR, Shirtgalukole,

Beng. Sheaekool.

Telinga. Paramie.

‘Tis is the most common species of the genus; it is to be found
in every hedge throughout India, and always with scarcely any thing
that can be called a trunk, but many large, straggling, climbing
branches, which are too weak to support themselves. Bark dark,
rust-coloured, pretty smooth; young shoots downy.—Prickles al-
ways present, stipulary, large, and exceedingly sharp; the lower one
is much recurved, the upper one straight.— Leaves alternate, short-
petioled, bifarious, very obiiquely ovate, serrate, three-nerved ; downy
underneath, from one to two inches long.—Corymbs axillary, many
“flowered. —Sty/e tw o-cleft,— Drupe the size of a pea, smooth, shining
black, marked round the base with a circular scar, Nut rugose, ob-
cordate, two-celled ; generally one of the cells is obliterated, or abore
tive.— Seed solitary, affixed to the bottom of the cell,

The fruit is eaten by the natives; the taste a very pleasant acid.
A decoction of the bark of the fresh root is said to promote the
healing of fresh wounds.

Obs. by N. W.
T have found this in flower and fruit in Prince of Wale’s island in
August. At Silhet it is common.—N, W,
Tt 2

364 pENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Ziziphus.

15. Z. glabra, R.
Shrubby, scandent, smooth, Thorns solitary, recurved. Leaves
ovatescordate, long, obtuse, pointed, serrulate, smooth, strongly
marked with three nerves. Drupes oval.

A native of Chittagong, where it fiowers in the cool season, and
the fruit, which is about the size of a gooseberry, ripens in May.

<

16. Z. incurva, R.

Arboreous. horns paired, one straight and patent, the other ine
carved. Leaves ovate-oblong, polished, three-nerved, serrulate ;
obtusely acuminate. Peduncles axillary, few- or many-flowered ;
flowers semi-digynous.

A native of Nipal, from thence introduced by Dr. Buchanan into
the botanic garden at Calcutta, in 1802, where in ten years they had
grown to be slender trees, of about fifteen feet in height, with mnu-
merab.e well armed branches, and smooth branchlets spreading 10
every direction. Flowering time the rainy season.

Obs. by N. W.

T have found this species on various mountains surrounding the
Walley of Nipal, also in some of the less elevated forests (Poosh-
pa-nath, Gokurna, &c.) It blossoms in April and May, and ripens
its fruit nm July.

Native name, Kookusee.

Xt is a small tree with smooth ash-co’oured bark. Branches
dotted; itis only in particular situations that they become thorny,
for in general they are unarmed ; when young pubescent. Leaves
ovate-lanceolate, three or four inches long, serrulate, acuminate ;
with unequal sides, and acute or rounded base; leathery, smooth,
shining, obscurely five-nerved, the intermediate three nerves being
strong and pubescent, the lateral ones short and inconspicuous.
Petiol half an inch long, pubescent. Stipules linear, villous, very
deciduous.—Corymbs small, axillary, pubescent, on a peduncle

which is generally a Jiltle longer than the petiol and bifid at the apexc

Ziziphus. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 365

Flowers greenish. Petads very small, reflexed between the fact-
niz of the calyx. Ovary two-celled, two-seeded, surrounded by
a lobed and waved disc. Style deeply two-cleft—Drupe smal,
round, dark purple, with a two-celled nut.—N, W.

Additional species by N. W.
17. Z. flexuosa, Wall.

Shrubby, smooth, with spinous flexuose branches and unarmed
straight branchlets. Spines unequal, one very long and straight,
the other recurved. Leaves lanceolate, obtuse, crenate. Flowers
axillary, sub-solitary.

A native of Gosain-Than in the Himaluya, and from thence
introduced into the garden of my imestimable fend the Hon,
Edward Gardner, resident at the court of the Raja of Nipal, with
whom I bad the happiness of living for nearly twelve months in that
glorious country, and to whose unbounded kindness aud indefaliga=
ble co-operation | am indebted for whatever success may have at-
tended my researches there.—Time of blossoming May.

It is alarge, elegant, branchy, smooth shrub. Branches slender,
round, dotted, flexuose, spinous; while young they are unarmed,
purplish and straight.— Thorns geminate under the ramifications and
at each bend of the bianches, unequal, smooth, shining, browa
mahogony coloured; one of them short and recurved, the other
straight, slender, about an inch long.—Leaves approximate, sub-
bifariously alternate, lanceolate, obtuse or retuse witha small point,
unequally crenate, an inch or two long, smooth, shining, three-nerved,
yeticulate.—Fetiol very short.—Stipules unequal, linear, rather pua-
gent, enlarging and becoming spines by age.— [lowers axillary, soli-
tary, or few-fascicled, yellowish, rather large, on short pedicels,
which have a few minute scales at their base.—Calyx flat, spread-
ing; lacinie@ ovate, acute, one-nerved on their upper surface. Petals
minute, spoon-shaped, with long claws, and rounded apex, spread-

ing, and at length reflexed together with the stamens.—Ovary

366 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Ziziphus.

minute, ovate, immersed in a flat lobed disc. Style deeply bifid.
—N. W.

18. Z%. calophylla, Wall.

Shrubby, climbing, armed with solitary, short recurved prickles.

Leaves ovate-oblong, smooth, glossy, threeenerved, veinless, mi-
~ putely crenulate. Corymbs terminal, panicled,

Discovered on the hills of Pulo Pinang by Mr. George Porter;
in flower in January. .

An extensive, scandent, smooth shrub, with slender, round brane
ches, armed with small, solitary, recurved prickles; while young
slightly pubescent.— Leaves sub-bifariously alternate, ovate-cblong,
ending ina short, linear, blunt acumen ; base acute ; margins minutely
serrulate; they are extremely beautiful, of a coriaceous structure,
perfectly smooth, glossy and shining above, with three elevated
nerves underneath, which run from the base to the very apex, per-
fectly veinless except when dry, or held towards the light: they then
appear elegantly marked with innumerable transversal, approximate,
capillary veins; their length from three to. five inches ; while very
young pubescent. Pefiol half an inch long, channelled, Stipules
linear, one of them quickly deciduous, the other persistent, becom-
ing recurved and enlarging into a prickle. -F/ower's villous, disposed
in terminal, panicled, pubescent corymbs.— Lacinie@ of the calyx
broad-ovate, one-nerved above. Limb of the petals ovate, concave,

Siyle bifid —N. W,

19. Z. elegans, Wall:

Shrubby, erect, nearly unarmed, with filiform, pubescent branches,
and bifarious, lanceolate, serrulate, bluntly acuminate leaves, which
are smooth above, and pubescent underneath,

! found this most elegant shrub, which has decidedly the kabit and
jeaves of a Zizyphus, on Singapore, without flowers or fruit in October.

Branches extremely slender, almost filiform, pubescent, armed
with very small, deciduous prickles; bark of the older ones soft,

*

~

Ziziphus, PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 367

spungy, ferruginous,— Leaves approximate, bifarious, lanceolate, one
or two inches long, tapering into a linear, bluntacumen, rounded and
unequal at the base, margins most minutely serrulate from the very
base to the apex, smooth and shining above, with three pubescent
nerves underneath, veinless except when dry. Petiof short, villous,
Stipules minute.—N. W,

20. Z, flacescens, Wall.

Unarmed, smooth, climbing. Leaves oblong-ovate, equal, acute,
glaucous, most entire, with many undivided, parallel ribs underneath,
Racemes terminal, simple. Flowers fascicled.

A native of the elevated regions about Gosain-Than, from whence
my people brought me specimens in flower in July. ;

A climbing, smooth, unarmed, ramous shrub, Branches round,
rather slender, brownish, polished.— Buds axillary, oblong, small,
acute.— Leaves remotish, alteraate, of a very regular oblong-ovate
form, ending in a sharp point, rounded at the base, sides equal and
perfectly entire ; bright green, opaque, and obliquely furrowed aboves
glaucous, at length yellowish underneath, with elevated rib and very
numerous, approximate, undivided, parallel, oblique, filiform nerves,
running out to the very margin, the lowermost opposite; and with
capillary, transversal, reticulate veins; from three to five inches long.
—Petiol very slender, about an inch long. Séipules single, intra-axil-
lary, erect, adpressed, with bifid, acute apex, two-keeled, longitus
dinally concave or depressed back and gibbous base, inserted on the
base of the petiolin the axil, withering, about three lines long.—
Racemes terminal on the branchlets, simple, about two inches
Jong, sessile, oblong, composed of several short-pedicelled fasci-
cles of small, nodding, unilateral, greenish flowers.—Peduncles
about one-third of an inch jong, with a minute fleshy bractlet
at the base.—Calyx turbinate, deeply divided into five triangular,
acute, slightly dotted lacinie.—Petals five, white, oblong, squas
miform, sessile between the segments of the calyx and rather
shorter than they, vaulted, opposite to the stamina and embracing

SUB . PENTANDRIA MONOGYNEA. Ziziphus.

them. Filaments subulate ; anthers erect—Ocary oblong, immers-
ed in a flattish, five-lobed, fleshy disc ; two-celled, two-seeded : ovu!a
erect. Style short, fleshy, two-elobed: each lobe slightly bifid, sq
as to make the style appear four-lobed.—Stigmas convex.

— Qés. This and the two following species partake much of the ha~
pit and character of Ceanothus and Pomaderris, and may perhaps -
with #, volubilis, Lann. anda few others which, like them, have alter-

nately-ribbed equal leaves, be conveniently removed from this genys.

} have ouly observed the fruit of oge of them, Z. floribunda (and that

i a not quite ripe state) which is decidedly that of a Zizyphus.—_-
"bhe leaves of this species acquire a yeilowish unt on getting diy,

bke some of oyr East Indian SymplociiN. W.

21. Z. floribunda, Walt.

Uvarmed, smooth, with rambling Granciies: Ecaves-ovate, acute,
perfectly entire, retuse at the base, glaucous and paraiie'1ibbed un-
derneath. Panicle very large, terminal. Sfowers racemose. Drupe
sub-cylindric,

i have found it at Sankoo and Thankote in the valley of Nipal,
and on Chaundrugira, blossoming from May to August ; fruit ripening
In thiee months. Mr. De Silva has also sent me flowering spe=
eimens from the Pundooa hills gathered in the month of July.

Jwyunta name, Aromacha-Lanba (BCTIATAT MAUTAT.).

A very large, smooth shrub, which is erect or climbing according.
to circumstances; with very long and slender, cylindric branches, co-
vered with shining green bark ; glaucous while young.— Leaves altere
nate, spreading, ovate, tapering, acute, or sub-acuminate, most entire,
with somewhat waved and repand margins and rounded or slightly
reiuse base, coriaceous, dark green, shining and obliquely furrowed
above ; glaucous underneath, with numerous approximate, parallel,
oblique, mostly opposite, simple nerves, and transversal capillary
veins ; {rom three to five inches long.-— Petiol an inch Jong, slender,
‘channelled, bearing at the base an intra-axillary sfipule exactly as
in the preceding species—Panicie terminal, obloug, attenuate,

Ziziphus. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. - 369

sessile, nodding with the end of the branch, from six to twelve in-
ches long, with alternate branches, divided into numerous, slender,
from two to three inches long, cylindric racemes of very small, white,
fascicled smooth flowers, on very short capillary pedicels. Common
peduncle smooth, slightly flexuose ; partial ones pubescent.— There
i3 a small pubescent, deciduous bracte under each sub-division of the
peduncles.—Lacinieé of the calyx lanceolate, acute, with an elevated
longitudinal line above.— Petals five, spathulate, cowled, minutely

crispate, opposite to and involving the stamina, sessile, shorter than

the calyx. Ovary extremely small, immersed in the centre of a flat,
smooth, yellow, fleshy disc. Style very short, columnar, somewhat
fleshy. Stigma convex, two-lobed.— Drupes very numerous, dense-
ly racemose, sub-cylindric, pointed with the permanent style, sup-
ported at the base by the small persistent bottom of the calyx and the
withered disc, ofa purple colour, smooth, about two-thirds of an inch
long, containing a bony, two-celled nut.—N. W.

22. Z. hamosa, Wall.

Climbing, with opposite branches and alternate, reflexed, slightly
curved thorns. Leaves sub-opposite, oblong, acuminate, serrulate,
ribbed : the axils of the nerves villous, Flowers fascicled, in villous,
short-panicled, terminal racemes.

An inhabitant of Chendrugir2 in Nipal where it climbs upon trees
and shrubs toa great extent, flowering in the month of August.

This 1s likewise a very large, rambling and climbing, ramous shrub.
Branches round, long, opposite, or alternate, in which case a spine
geueraliy occupies the place of the branch which is wanting, covered
with smooth greyish bark; while young brownish, obscurely four-cor.
nered, a little dotted and pubescent.—Spines remote, strong, sub-cy-
lindric, sharp-pointed, an inch or an inch and a half long, reflexed so
as to form an acute angle below with the branch, gently curved to-
ward their apex ; on older branches, as also on the stem they are ge-
nerally wanting. Leaves nearly opposite, coriaceous, smooth, ob-

long, tapering into a long acumen, acute or rounded at the base; with
Un

O10 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Ziziphus.

waved, minutely and sharply serrulate margins; shining dark green
above ; paler underneath, ribbed with parallel, oblique, entire, remotisl
nerves, the axils of which are slightly faveolate and villous ; veins trans<
versal, minutely and elegantly reticulate; from four to sixteen inches
long.— Petiols about an inch long, deeply furrowed, the margin of the
furrow sharp, sometimes waved.—Stipules at the base of the petiol,
very small, lanceolate, striate, a little pubescent, deciduous.— Panicle
terminal, and from the exterior axillz, shorter than the leaves, vil-
lous, divided into sub-opposite, cylindric racemes.— Flowers small,
greenish, fascicled. Peduncles round, covered with grey villosity.
Bractes lanceolar, very caducous. Calyx pubescent, divided into
five triangular, acute /acinie, which are keeled above.—Petals ex.
ceedingly small, oblong, obtuse, entire, cowled, hiding the stamens.
Pistillum and disc as in the preceding.—N. W,

23. Z. oppositifolia, Wall.

Climbing, with opposite ramifications and short straight thorns, which
grow out into branches. Leaves opposite, smooth, ovate-lanceolate,
serrulate, tapering-acuminate, sub-retuse at the base, ribbed under-
neath. Kacemes axillary and termina!, short, villous.

I have only found this in the forest at Gokurna in the valley of
Nipal, blossoming in August and September.

This species is very much like the last described, but is no doubt

distinct.—It is very large and extensively climbing. Branches divas

ricate, round, dotted; while young pubescent, widening at their
divisions.—-Spines alternate, straight, rigid, tapering from a round
sub-cylindric base, about half an inch long, soon growing out
into a branch.— Leaves opposite, or so near each other as to be
almost opposite, spreading, firm and coriaceous, ovate-lanceolate,
tapering from the rounded or sub-retuse base into a long acumen,
acutely and minutely serrulate, scarcely at all waved, two or three,
at the furthest, four inches long, dark green and shining above, strong-
iy ribbed with sub-alternate nerves underneath ; on short channelled

pubescent pefioles—Racemes terminal, ramous and panicled, sims

Sphaerocarya, PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 371

ple in the exterior axill@ ; covered with grey soft villosity, the whole

forming a pretty large brachiate panicle. lowers fascicled, villous

on the outside, The rest as in the two last species.

Obs. There are specimens preserved in the late Dr. Heyne’s hor-
tus siccus, labelled Rhamnus lineata ? and R. parviflora, which proba-
bly are the same as R. filiformis, Syst. veg. v. 292, and Roth. Nov.
spec. 153.—-They come very near to my plant and may perhaps be

one and the same species.—N. W.

Additional genera by N.W,

SPHAEROCARYA, Wail.

Calyx five-parted. Petals five, alternating with the stamens. Five
fringed scales between the stamens and the opposite calycine lacinia.
Ovary without any disc, Style entire, Drupeinferior. Nut smooth,
without sutures,

Artificial System: Pentandria monogynia, the section with five=
petaled, superior flowers, and drupaceous fruit.

In the natural system it seems to belong to the doubtful subdivi«
sion of Rhamneea, distinguished by an inferior fruit, and rendered still
more irreconcilable with the character of that family in ¢his instance,

by the inverted embryo,

1, S. edulis, Wall.
Not ungommon in the forests in Nipal, about the valley, and on the

mountains. Flowering time April and May. ‘The fruit is not fully
ripe until October.

Newar. Lushpoo; also Ael-or Eal-Murisee-

Parb. Bun-Amb.

A large, umbrageous and spreading tree, with ash.coloured barke
Uu2

372 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.- Sphacrocarya.

Branches round ; young shoots and leaves clothed with abundance of
long, silky, shining hairs. Buds ovate, rather large, sericeous, consist-
ing of rounded, imbricate scales.— Leaves alternate, spreading, ovate-
oblong, acuminate, perfectly entire, with somewhat recurved mar-
gins, base acute; smooth and shining above, with furrows along the
primary vessels, underneath with elevated rib, and a few alternate, very
oblique, strong, hairy nerves, and reticulate veins ; of a rather fleshy
or juicy texture, from three to six, and on luxuriant shoots even
elght or nine inches long, deciduous during the winter months, and
beginning to shoot forth about the period of blossoming — Pe-
diol scarcely half an inch long, convex underneath, channelled
above. Stipules none.—Racemes terminal and from the outer axils,
solitary, sub-sessile, densely villous, from two to three inches long,
consisting of a few alternate, small, greenish, inodorous flowers, on
short, clavate, fleshy naked pedicels.— Calyx above, five-parted, per-
sistent, as are also the corolla, filaments, and style ; lacinig triangu-
Jar, acute, villous towards the apex, smooth within, spreading, scarce-
dy half a line long, valvate during ewstivation. Petals five, minute,
ovate-obtuse, smooth, inserted within the fissures of the calyx, shor-
ter than its lacinia. Filaments five, short, smooth, erect, alternating
with the petals, inserted at the bottom of the lacinia of the calyx and
opposite to them. Anthers erect, white, bilocular, Five exceedingly
minute scales, bearded or fringed with a tuft of white suceulent hairs,
inserted between the filament and the opposite segment of the
calyx.—Ovary underneath, clavate, rather large, shining, pubescent,
coneave at the top within the flower, one-celled, one-seeded ; ovulum
oblong, pulpy, erect, supported by a fleshy, sub-diaplianous, spiral-
Vy twisted chord, which rises from the bottom of the ovary and 1s
conducted to the-oblong cell by means of a proper tube or canal,
Style cylindric, short. Stigma convex, obscurely two-lobed.— Drupe
pear-shaped, about two inches and a half long, and one and a half
thick, covered with a yellowish-green, tough cuticle, supported by
a short, somewhat thickened peduacle; the upper or broad end

rounded with a central, pretty deep impression, which is surrounded
? P Pp k 3

Ceanothus. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 273

by the thickened, but otherwise not enlarged, calycine laciniz, petals,
and filaments, and having a central vestige of the style ; the base ta-
pering and club-shaped ; one-celled. Flesh of a pallid brown co-
lour, soft, rather glutinous, about one-third of an inch thick, tra-
versed longitudinally by a number of filiform vessels. Nut solitary,
globular, large, smooth, without any sutures, filling exactly the cell
and rather firmly adhering to its sides, marked with a few distant
small pits into which some of the fibres of the flesh enter, upper end
scarcely apiculate, base somewhat uneven and perforated; putamen
grey, scarcely a line thick, one-celled, one-seeded. Perisperm amyg-
daline, white, conform to the nut, covered by a brown, thin meme
brane; it is perforated to above its middle bya capillary tube rising
from he bottom opposite to the hole in’ the shell and vanishing up-
wards, containing seemingly the vestige of the above-mentioned chord
of the ovulum. Simbryo very short, oblong, white, situated rather
obliquely under the vertex of the perisperm, a little within its peri-
phery ; cotyledons parallel, oblong ; radicle superior, conical. _

Obs. The inhabitants of Nipal are very fond of the fruit of this
tree, which however to a European palate holds out but little tempta-
tion. The wood is nearly white, of a firm texture, and appears to me
suited to the work of the cabinet maker, it is however, only used
for firewood and posts,—The direction of the ovulum and that of
the embryo are directly contrary, the former being decidedly erect,
while the latter is pendulous.—N. W.

CEANOTHUS, Linn.

Petals five, vaulted, opposite to the stamens. Berry dry, three-
celled, three-seeded.

1. C. astatica, Linn.
Erect, smooth. Leaves ovate, serrulate, glossy, trienerved at the

base ; peduncles axillary, ramous, many-flowered, shorter than the
leaves,

aaenneemisineie aes

\

B74 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIAs Ceanothus;

Grossularia spinis vidua, baccis in racemo congestis Spadiceis,
foluis crenatis ovato-acuminatis—Burm. Zeyl. 111. ¢. 48.

Rhamnus acuminata, Colebr. Mss, fide ic. pict. inhorto bot, Cale,
asservata.

J have found this small tree in flower and fruit in October at Sin.
gapore. Inthe Hon. Company’s botanic garden, where it was intro-
duced fyom the garden at Reduite in the Mauritius in 1813, it blos-
soms in April and May, and ripens its fruit in June,

A small branchy tree or large shrub: the largest of those that
were reared from the seeds measure at the present time (1823), about
sixteen feet in height, with a stem scarcely more than four inches in’
diameter. Branches long, slender, round, with green bark, slightly
flexuose, perfectly smooth; while young a little pubescent.— Leaves
irregularly scattered, ovate, or ovate-lanceolate, taperimg into a
blunt acumen; serrulate, serratures smal, gibbous, incurved, cus.
pidate, slightly undulate, base rounded or retuse, from two to three
inches long; perfectly smooth, very glossy and lucid, of a dark green
colour above ; pallid and shining underneath, with a whitish slender rib
and a few oblique nerves, the lowermost pair of which are opposite ;
the base rising a little above the rib, in consequence of which the leaf
appears triplienerved; veins capillary, transversal, reticulate.— Fe-
dial slender, a little compressed, channelled, slightly pubescent, about
an inch long.—St¢pules minute, withering, adpressed, lanceolate,
with a broad fleshy base and glandular apex.—Jvowers smal,
yellowish-green, fragrant, collected in rounded, axillary, ramous fas=
cicles which are shorter than the petals.—Peduncles pubescent ;
bractes very small; pedicels capillary, two or three times longer than
the flower, yellowish.—Calyx cup-shaped, with five broad, cuspidate,
somewhat margined, deciduous /acinia, equalling in length the cu-
neate, fornicate, narrow petals. Wertex of the ovary covered with a
broad rugose yellow disc. Style short, deeply three-lobed, decidu-
ous.—Stigmas convex, scabrous.— Capsules round-obovate, about
the size of a small gooseberry, pale-brown, its vertex retuse, its base
supported by the persistent circularly-truncate bottom of the calyx,

Ceanothus. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIAs 375

three-furrowed, three-celled, threesvalved. Seeds triangular, with
gib bous back, ash-coloured. The rest as in C. curcumscissa (Rhame-
nus Linn.) Gaertn. carp. iu. 110, ¢, 106.

2. C. napalansis, Wall.

Shrubby, sub-erect or rambling, all the upper parts pubescent.
Leaves sub-vifarious, oblong, acuminate, serrulate, smooth and shin-
ing, with alternate nerves, the axils of which are hairy.—Racemes
pubescent, panicled.

I have found this on various hills in the valley of Nipal, flowering
in May, in fruitin June. In the Hon. Company’s botanic garden
it blossoms and produces fruit during the same months.

A large unarmed shrub, with round, dotted and scabrous branch-
es, which have a strong tendency toramble over neighbouring shrubs
and even trees; young shoots as well as all the upper parts pubes-
cent,— Leaves approximate, alternate, sub-bifarious, slightly pendul-
ous, spreading, oblong, acuminate, obtusely serrulate, with an obtuse
or sub-acute base, smooth, from three to six inches long, of a firm
Jeathery texture, dark-green, shining, convex above, pallid underneath,
with alternate nerves and reticulate veins, the axils of the former
slightly hairy.— Petiol scarcely half an inch long, cylindric, furrowed,
pubescent. Stipules minute, thick and fleshy, subulate, withering.
Flowers small, green, pubescent, fascicled, short-peduncled, dispos-
ed in slender, terminal racemes on the naked branches, interpersed
with a number of small, lanceolate floral leaflets, the whole formiag
a branchy panicle, which as the fruits enlarge changes to numerous ax=
illary racemes.— Peduncles and pedicels pubescent. Bractes linear,
minute.—Ca/lyzx ovate, divided into five, spreading, lanceolate, acute
lacinia, valvate during zstivation.— Petals exceedingly small, yellow=
Ish, shorter than the calyx, sessile, erect, oblong, vaulted, conceal-
ing the opposite stamens, very soon withering.—Anthers large, round-
ed, bilocular.—Ovary three-lobed, Style trifid.—Capsule as large
as a morrow fat pea, nearly globular of a dark red colour, smooth,

obscurely three-, rarely, four-lobed, with a minute vestige of the style,

376 “PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Cassine:

slightly succulent at first, afterwards dry, tri-coccous.— Seeds brown
shining, oblong, with gibbous back, obscurely two-sided within, which
gives it the appearance of being three-sided, External integument
crustaceous; ¢nternal chartaceous, lined within by a brownish muci-
laginous pulpy membrane. —- Perisperm white, amygdaline, enurely
surrounding the embryo, which it receives into its transversal, slight=
ly curved, compressed cavity.— Cotyledons large, round-cordate, three-
nerved, Radicle cylindric, inferior.—The rest as in C. americana,

Gertn. carpol. ii. 110. ¢. 106.—N. W.

3. C. triqueira, Wall.

Shrubby, unarmed. Leaves elliptic-ovate, finely acuminate,
sharply serrulate, acute at the base, with parallel pubescent ribs
underneath which are villous at the axils. Pedwacles axillary, short,
fascicled, one-flowered. Capsule acutely three-cornered.

An inhabitant of the mountains about Shreenwgur, from whence it
was sent to me by my plant collectors.

I have not seen the flowers, but I doubt not that the shrub is a
new species of Ceanothus. ‘The branches are round. Leaves as
much as six inches long, villous while young. —-Stipu/es villous, lans
ceolate, very deciduous.—Capsules rather smaller than those of the
last species, with very prominent, flattened angles.—N. W.

CASSINE, Linn.

Calyx five-cleft. Corolla five-petalled, or deeply five-cleft, alter- |
nating with the calyx and stamens. Stzgmas from three to five. Ber:
ry three- or five-celled, three- or five-seeded.

1. C. excelsa, Wall.

Arboreous. Leavesalternate, acuminate, most entire, with an acute
base. Unmbels axillary and lateral, rounded, many-tlowered. Stzgmas
five. Berry five-seeded.

In the Linnean system it has been usual to place this genus in Pen-

Cassine. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 377

tandria trigynia. Lamarck has removed it to monogynia (illustr.
bot. 11. 91. N. 360. tab. 130.) and | follow the example of that great
botanist the more readily, because none of my species are trigynous,
aud the chief affinity of the genus points to that order,

Ln the natural or Jussieuan arrangement it belongs to Rhamnea,
or more properly to Cedastring of Mr. Brown.

I have found it in all the forests of the valley of Nipal and the sur-
rounding mountains; blossoming from May to August, with fruit in
October,

A stately tree, with a very thick stem, covered with greyish bark,
and well furnished with branches ; the younger branches purplish, ra~
ther angular, smoeth.— Leaves alternate, spreading, oval, acuminate,
acute at the base, perfectly entire, and smooth, rather fleshy, dark
green, shining above, patlid and opaque underneath, with elevated
rib and capillary, sub-opposite, short, remotish nerves which unite
to-wards the margins im reticulate arches, veins invisible; from three
to five inches long.— Peéiol an inch long, smooth, channeiled above,
convex underneath, articulate at the base. Stzpules opposite, very
small, lanceolate, sub-falcate, acute, sometimes with a tooth or two,
withering.— Peduncles axillary and lateral, pubescent, equaling the
petiols in length, somewhat flattened, with two obscure, opposite
furrows, bifid at the apex, each division bearing a rounded umbel of
from twelve to sixteen small, white, smooth, inodorous flowers.
Pedicels unequal, generally two or three lines long, rounded ; eacla
supported at the base by a very small ovate bracte.—Calyv ovate,
divided into five ovate, blunt, membrane-margined, ciliate lacinia.
—Corolla more than twice as large as the calyx, rotate, smooth;
lacinie very deeply divided, ovate, rounded, crenulate, recurved
over the calyx and alternating with its lobes; tube none ; the
base of the corolla firmly attached to the bottom of the calyx so
as to he removed with difficulty, Aist?vation imbricate, globuiar.—
Filaments five, subulate, inserted below the fissures which separate

the laciniz of the corolla, and about the same length, spreading ; an-
Vy

378 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Cassine.

thers ovate, two-celled, inserted on the middle of their back,—
Ovary above, fleshy, smooth, ovate, acute and tapering into a style.
Nike, short, thick neck. Stzgmus five, subulate, spreading, stellate,
Perigynous disc none.—Berry axillary, globose, as large as a cur-
rant, yellow, pulpy, crowned with the sessile, closely adpressed,
flattened, stellate stigma, and supported by the small, sub-orbicular,
tive-lobed rudiment of the ca'yx; five-celled, five-seeded. Seeds
oblong, triangular, with convex back, slightly curved lenythways,
about as large as a carroway-seed, enveloped in a yellow, charta-
ceous integument ; the upper, rounded, broadest end marked with a
very smmail depressed umbilicus. Perispe'm thesuy, semt- pel ucid,
conform to the seed, enveloped in a proper brownish pellicle.— Hime
éryo miik-white, very small, situated ina short cylindric cavity at the
top of the perisperm, inverted, as in C. Adaurocenia, Gaert. Carp.
i. 70. t. 92.

Obs. Notwithstanding tne rotate corolla and the increased num
ber of the stigmas and seeds I have no hesitation in referrimg this
fine tree to Cassine, What £ have cailed above the neck or apex of
the ovary I took at first to be the style ; a supposition which is scarce-
ly compatible with the siigma of the berry bemg decidedly sessile.

—N. Ww.

/ . C. discolor, Wall.

Arboreous. Leaves opposite, ovate-acuminate, tapering much
downwards, whitish underneath, most entire. Fascicles axillary, di-
chotomous. Stigmas four.

A middling-sized tree, native of the mountains bordering on Silhet,
where it blossoms in January.

Branches opposite, spreading, round, brown, scabrous, with nu-
merous, callous, small dots ; younger ones slender, slightly compres-
sed at the insertion of the leaves.— Buds subulate, with opposite keel-
ed scales.— Leaves opposite, spreading, rather longer than their in-
terstices, ovate, or ovate-lanceolate, terminated by a long, blunted,

linear acumen, perfectly entire, somewhat waved, tapering and acute

Scopolia. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 379

at the base, coriaceous, smooth, pallid and almost silvery underneath,
with capillary, obscure nerves, disposed as in the preceding Species 3
fiom three to five inches long.— Pefzol half an inch long, deeply chan«
neiled; its insertion on the branch jointed, Stipules none. Peduncles
opposite, axillary, very short, sub-quadrangular, smooth, scarcely
equalling the petiol in length, twice dichotomous; ramifications joint.
ed, ihree flowered, with a sessile flower in each bifurcation. Bractes
Opposite, lanceolate, acute, very small, Flozwers yellowish, rather
longer than in C, ercelsa, ternate, crowded, on very short fleshy
pediceds, each supported by two bractes. Calyx exceedinely small,
five-parted ; lacini@ orbicular, sub-ciliate. Coro! three times as
large as the calyx, divided almost to the base into five oblong,
obtuse, concave lobes, each having on the inner side a longitudinal,
elevated, membranous line. Adstvvation imbricate. Stamina attach.
ed to the base of the corolla; the filaments, anthers, and pistillum as
in the first species, except that there is no vestige of any style,
Stigma obscurely four-lobed, fleshy, sessile.

Obs. ‘Vhis elegant tree has much the appearance of a Carallia ; but
the stiuctuie of the Hower differs widely. N. W.

ees

SCOPOLIA, Smith.

Calyx five-toothed, Corol five-petaled. Germ superior, five-
gelled; cells two-secded, attachment interior, Berry five-celled,

wath generally one seed in each cell.

1. S. aculeata, Smith. ic. ined. ii. 34- Willd. sp. 1. 1115.
Scandent, armed, Leaves ternate ; leaflets crenulate.
Paullimia astatica, Linn. sp. pl. 524.

Kaka-toddali, Rheed. mal. v. 81. ¢. 41.
Vva

$30 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Scopolia.

Chamaelaea trifolia, aculeata, floribus spicatis, Burm. Zeyl. 58,
zt. 24.

Toddalia, Juss. gen. 371; and Lamarck illustr. ii. 116, 2757.
Encycl. bot. vir. 692.

Cranzia, Schreb. gen. N. 362.

Telinga. Conda Cashinda.

Js one of the most common bushes on the coast of Coromandel,
delights in a rich soil, such as old hedges, under old trees, Xe. is in-
genera) found in the state of a very ramous bushy shrub, but in less
frequented place, where it meets with support and no eiemies, it
runs over the highest trees.

Siem irregular. Bark corky. Branches exceedingly numerous,
scandent.— Prickles innumerable, scattered over every part of the
younger branches, tender shoots, petioles, and nerves of the ieaflets,
yecurved, very acute.— Leaves alternate, ternate, armed. Leajiets
oblong, or bread-lanceolate, notched, emargined, smooth; about an
jnch and half long, and half or three-fourths broad.— Petioles chan-
nelled, armed like the branchlets.—Racemes axillary, generally coms
pound, length of the leaves.—Flowers small, white.— Calyx mferior,
small, giandular, five-toothed.—Petals five, oblong, spreading.—
Filaments five, nearly as long as the petals, spreading. Anthers
obloug, incumbent.— Germ ovaie, five-celled, with two ovula in each,
attached to the middle of the axis. Style short, thick. Stigma five-
icbed.—Berry the size of a small cherry, compressed, five-grooved,
oange-coloured, five-celled.—Seed one in each cell.

Every part of this shrub has a strong pungent taste, The roots
when fresh cut smell particularly so. The fresh leaves are eaten raw
for pains in the bowels; the ripe berries are fully as pungent as black
pepper, and with nearly the same kind of pungency ; they are pickled -
by the natives, and a most excellent one they make,

The fresh bark of the root is administered by the Telinga physi-
cians for the cure of that sort of remittent, commonly called the hill

fever. 1 conceive every part of this plant to be possessed of strong,

Bitinera. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 381 >

stimulating powers, and have no doubt but under proper management
it might prove a valuable medicine where stimulants are required,

BUTINERA, Schreb. gen. N. 366.

Calyx five-leaved. —_ Corol five-petalled. | Nectary staminiferous,
surrounding the five-celled superior germ. Anthers double. Cap-
sules quinquecoccea. Embryo inverse; perisperm scanty.

1. B. pilosa, R.

Shrubby, twining, hairy. Leaves from three to five, acute-angled,
dentate. ~ Umbels axillary, proliferous.

A most extensive, twining shrub; a native of Chittagong. The
Jlowering time in the botanic garden at Calcuttais September. ‘The
seeds are ripe in April.

Stem woody, twining, in five years old plants as thick as a man’s
Wrist, and irregularly obtuse-sulcate. Branches numerous, twining
up and over large trees, to a very great extent; the younger ones very
hairy, and irregularly obtuse-sulcate.—- Leaves alternate, petioled, hav-
ing from three to five acute-angles, dentate, posterior lobes large and
rounded ; about seven-nerved, with a large, long gland on the mid-
die one near the base, from four to six inches each way.—Petioles
round, often as lony as the leaves, hairy.—S/épules subulate, hairy.—
Umbels axillary, generally one large, and super-decom pound ; and two
or more smaller, all are clothed with short, harsh pubescence, and
are much shorter than the leaves—Bractes subulate.—flowers nu-
merous, small.— Calyx of five, spreading, pale-coloured, lanceolate
leaflets.Petals five ; the lower third part of their length linear, yel-
low on the outside, and red within; much incurved so as to form a
circular dome over the pistil and nectary, open at the five sides, and
in the vertex, the other two-thirds filiform, below slightly imcurved,
above recurved ; colour a bright orange. Nectary five-cleft, yellowish,
divisions fleshy, truncate, shorter than the lower portion of the pe-

S32 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Bit tinera.

tals.— Filaments sliort, :nserted into the fissures of the nectary, re-
curvate. Anthers two-lobed.— Germ round, hairy. Style short, five-
grovved. Stigma minutely quinquidentate.— Capsules the size of a
filbert, round, armed with long, rigid bristles ; texture hard, approach-
ing to that of a nut, five-celled, ten-valved.— Seeds solitary, sv al in
peoportion to its cell and ‘attached to jts inner angle, ovate-oblonz,
rather pointed at the apex, and obliquely truncate at the base. Infe-
gumcits three ; the exterzor and interior membranaceous ; the mi ‘dle
one hard and thick.—Perisperm none, or very thin.—LEmbryo in-
verse, yellow. Cotyledons large, two-lobed ; and rolled spiraily up..
Plumula two-lobed. Radicle cylindric, nearly as long as the seed,
superior.

2. B. herbacea, Roxb. Corom. 1. N. 29.

B. cordata, Willd. spec. i. 1119.

Unarmed, herbaceous, erect. Leaves cordate, serrate, downy.
Nectary one-leaved, five-toothed.

fn erect herbaceous plant, a native of the tops of the Circar
m ountains.

Leaves alternate, petioled, cordate, serrate, downy, two inches and
a half long, and one and half broad.— Stipules reflexed, small, acute.
— Peduneles axillary, one or more, three-flowered.— Leaflets of the
calyx large, reflexed.— Neciary one-leaved, five-touthed; teeth con-
verging over the pistillum.— laments five, very short, from the fis-
sures of the nectary, reflexed. Anthers double; singly oval.

Obs. by N. W.

Specimens are preserved in Dr. Heyne’s collection, The whole
plant is sparingly beset with short, stellate hairs, and has much the
appearance of some of our East Indian Side. ‘The leaves vary
exceedingly much on one and the same plant, from linear, an inch or
two long by one-third of an inch broad, to oblong-ovate and cordate,
tapering from the very base almost, The middie rib is glandular

Bittnera. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 3288

above the base. The capsule hairy, as large as a filbert with many
subulate, bristly thorns —N. W.

Additional species by N. W.
3. B. aspera, Colebr. Mss.

Shrubby, unarmed. Leaves broad-cordate, entire, obtuse with a
short acumen, pubescent undemesth, twice as long as the petiols,
Umbels axillary, corymbose. Capsule very large, pubescent, with
stout, short, remote thorns.

Beng. Dhootura Luta.

Introduced into the Hon. Campany’s botanic garden from Chit-
tagong, by Mr. John Roxburgh, in 1812, siace which time it has
grown to be an enormously extensive climber, running over the larg-
est mangoe trees in the garden, blossoming in the cold and hot sea-
sons and ripening its fruit during the rains. It is also found in the
district of Szihet, from whence Mr. De Silva sent me flowermg spe
cimeus gathered in the month of May, under the native name of
Hoorz.

‘The stem measures at present (1825) nearly two feet in cire
cumference, and soon divides into three very thick principal divi-
sions ; covered with brown baik. Branches round, pubescent, giaue
cous, unarmed.— Leaves alternate, membranous, bioad-, sometimes
rouud-cordate, entire, the rounded or retuse apex terminating ia
a short linear acumen, lobes of the base rounded, separated by a
deep, rather narrow sinus, shining and somewhat builate above,
pubescent underneath, prominently five-nerved, with a thick, con-
vex middle nb, having a little above its base, an oblong, flat, fleshy,
pubescent, glandular protuberance, and sending forth along its tract
sub-opposite, entire, oblique nerves which run out to the very mar-
gin, where they unite ; veins elevated, transversal between the
nerves ; lengih from five to eight inches; while young villous,
plicate.—Pe/iols pubescent, cylindric, rather slenacr, one-bali the

Jength of the middle rib,—Corymés very numerous on the younger biat-

gB84 Ci PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Bitinera,

ches, villous, glaucous, fascicled, axillary, erect, four or five inches
long, branchy ; with round, thickish, and fleshy peduncles, and linear-
ensiform, caducous bractes. Flowers small, yellowish and villous
without; pink-coloured within, collected in small umbellets, which
are supported by an involucrum of many spreading bractes. Pedi-
cels short, fleshy.—Calyr divided to the base into five lanceolate,
acute segments ; its bottom dark purple ; @stivation valvate. — Pe-
tals fleshy, alternating with the lacinie of the calyx and short-
er than they, cuneate, margins with a recurved tooth, tapering
downwards into a purple claw, incurved, and uniting at the bifid apex
go as to form a dome over the ovary and nectary; from a little below
the apex of each issues a filiform, pubescent process, parallel to, but
notconniving with those of the others, considerably elevated above the
calyx. Nectary shorter than the dome of the corolla, diaphanous,
fleshy ; consisting of five oblong lobes united below by means of the
alternating short filaments, the apices of which only are free. Anthers
twin.— Ovary globular, scabrous, papillose ; style very short; stigma
minutely lobed, elevated to the mouth of the nectary.—Capsule large,
globular, peduncled, nodding, measuring full two inches in diameter,
flattish at the base, retuseat the vertex, withoutany remaining vestige
of the flower, pubescent, of adirty grey colour, echinate and rough
with numerous short, stout, ratherdistant, conical, broad, sharp, straight
prickies, which are about three lines long ; five-celled, five-seeded,
ten-valved, separating at length along the woody axis, whichis cyline
dric and thick as far as the middle, and filiform from thence upwards,
into five triangular, distinct, smaller capsules, which are marked on
their flat broad sides with a few bifurcate radiating veins ; their in-
her margin rectilinear ; bursting with an audible noise from its cen-
tre upwards and backwards to below the middle of the convex sple
nous back into two gaping valves. ‘The cells are large, lined with
a silvery, shining, tough membrane and containing a limpid vise
cid fluid, which is gradually absorbed, until at length, when the seeds
are perfectly ripe, itentirely disappears, ‘The five dessepements con-

sist of the contiguous, flat sides of the chambers of the capsule.

Biittnera. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 385

Common receptacle no other than the above mentioned axis, which
sends forth from its middle five vertical, oblong, yellowish plucen-
tas. Seeds five (one im each cell or separate capsule) ovate-oblong,
axi-vendulous, nearly perpendicular, two-thirds ofan inch long, obtuse,
rather narrower upwards, at least four times smaller than their cells.
—Integuments two ; exterior rather fleshy, brown, smooth, dotted
with minute, shining black specks ; inferior leathery, thicker than
the former, glaucous, bearing along its inner or ventral side a linear
raphis, which ascends and descends from the central umbilicus and
ends at each extremity of the perisperm in a slightly knobbed
chalaza. FPerisperm fleshy, white, thin, surrounding completely
the embryo, which is inverted, oblong, somewhat truncate at both
ends, greenish-white, straight. Cotyledons very large, broad-cordate,
deeply divided into two obtuse lobes, many-nerved, twisted longitudi.
nally and spirally round each other. Pdumula inconspicuous. Ka-
diclé superior, cylindric, clavate, nearly as long as the cotyledons,
concealed by them except at the base, which is a little prominent
above the top of the embryo.

Obs. This is probably the largest species known. The fruit re-
sembles that of a Datura, whence its Bengalee name Climbing Dhoo-
tura ; its internal structure is extremely elegant. It comes very near
to B. catalpifolia, which also attains avery large size, and with which
I have compared it in all stages. They may, however, be easily dis-
tinguished by attending to the following points. The leaves in Jacquin’s
plants are tapering from the base upwards, their sinus is broad; while
young they are lanceolate, with an entire, rounded base; in mine they
are always broad-cordate, their margins rounded and their apex obtuse
or retuse, with a short acumen; the sinus at the base is deeper, and
narrower ; in that plant the petiol is nearly as long as the leaf, in
mine one-half shorter. The fruit differs widely, being on'y one-ha'f
the size of that of B. aspera, and the thorns much more numerous

and dense, and far less robust,—N. W.
W ¥

386 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Celastrus.

4, B. Jackiana, Wall.

Shrubby, unarmed, rough with stellate hairs. Leaves oblong, acu-
minate, entire, on very short petiols. Flowers axillary, ee
long-peduncled. Capsules echinate, with softish thorns.

A native of the hills at Pinang where it was discovered in 1819
by the late Mr. Jack. 1 have since had abundance of specimens
collected by Mr. Porter. {t blossoms during the last and first months
of the year, and ripens its seeds in April.

A large, climbing, unaimed shrub, with round, lengthened, ferrugin-
ous branches, which, as weil as the leaves are, rough with copious,
steliate brownish hairs; while young densely villous.— Leaves scatter=
ed, rather approximate, oblong, or ovate-oblong, tapering into a fine
acumen, perfectly entire, with a rounded base, from three to five
inches long, scabrous on both sides in consequence of the hairs being
shorter cud rising from elevated points, densely villous uzderneath,

five-nerved, the outer two nerves very short; reticulate ; the middle rib

with an oblong gland above the base, and two or three smaller ones
along its course.— Petio/ round, short, thickened at both ends, dense-
ly villous.—S¢ipules subulate, deciduous, hairy.—Corymbs branchy,
axillary, about the length of the leaves. Peduncles hairy, filiform.
Bractes linear, short. Lowers longer than those of the preceding spe-
cies, disposed in spreading umbels, supported on capillary, very long
peduncles.—Calyz hairy, decidedly five-leaved; leaves lanceolate, long
acuminate and almost caudate, about five ines long, equalling the
filiform processes of the petals— Capsule globular, fiveefurrowed, light
brown, almost smooth, an inch in diameter, densely beset with slen-
der, subulate, softish thorns, minutely dotted, separating into five,
smaller, one-celled, two-valved, one-seeded capsules, agreeing in

every respect with those of the preceding species.—N. W.

CELASTRUS, Schreb. gen. N. 372.

Calyx five-cleft. Corol five-petalled. Germ three-celled, with two
or more ovula in each cell ; attachment inferior, © Capsule superior,

Celastrus, PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 387

from one to three-celled, from two to three-valved; seeds few, covered
with a coloured aril. Embryo erect, and furnished with a perisperm.

1. C. emarginata, Willd. sp. i. 1128.

Shrubby, armed. Leaves obovate, entire, smooth. Flowers nu-
merous, axillary, Capsules inflated; ced/s two-seeded.

Telinga. Chennee Chintoo.

Is one of the most common, rather poor looking shrubs in these
parts of Iedia, it grows every where and in every soil, Flowers
during the cold season. °

Stem nothing deserving the name, but branches innumerable, bent
in every direction, and armed with exceedingly strong, large, straight,
very sharp thorns.— Leaves alternate on the young shoots, on the old
wood or thorns fascicled, very short-petioled, obovate, emarginate,
smooth, shining ; about an inch long.—S¢ipules small, withering.—
Umbellets very short-peduncled, many-flowered, one or two from the
centre of the fascicles of leaves. Pedicels many times longer than
the peduncle, one-flowered.— Flowers small, whitish, yellow.— Petals
twice the length of the calyx.—Nectary, a saucer-formed, crenulate
body surrounding the base of the germ.—_Germ conical, three-celled,
two ovu/a in each, attached to the bottom of their cell. Style sin-
gle, haif three-parted. Stigmas emarginate.—Capsule inflaied, tur-
binate, three-sided, three-celled, three-valved. Seeds two in each
cell, small, shining, red, resting on a white fleshy 1eceptac'e.

It makes good fences, and fuel.

2 C. montana, R.*

Arboreous, thorny. Leaves obovate, serrulate, smooth. Panicles
axillary, small, dichotomous. Capsules with cells two-seeded.

Telinga. Pedda-chiutoo,

A smal] tree, 2 native of mountains. Flowering time the cold season.

Trunk erect, though generally alittle crooked. Branches uumer-

* Syst. veg. y, 427. Roth. nov. spec, L54.—N,. W.
Ww2

388 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Celastrus.

ous, armed with the same large, sharp leaf and flower bearing thorns
as in the last.— Leaves alternate, short-petioled, cbovate, slightly
serrate, smooth, shining; about two inches long —Panicles axillary,
dichotomous, many-flowered.—F lowers small, white.— Petals many
times longer than the calyv. Nectary as in C. emarginatus.
Germ round, three-celled, cells with two ovula in each, attached to
the bottom of the cell. Styles three, shoit, clubbed, —Siiemas
emarginate-— Capsules small, not inflated, in other respects like the
last.— Seeds one or two in each cell, small, nearly round, aitached
asin the germ. Ari/ white, sebaceous, embracing the lower half of
the seed. Iniegument single, polished, brown.— Perisperm conform
to the seed, dull white, and hard.— Embryo nearly as long as the
perisperm, erect. Cotyledons roundish. Radicle ovate, inferior.
The wood of this tree is hard, and durable,

8. C. paniculata, Willd. sp.i, 1125.*

Unarmed, shrubby, scandent. Leaves round, oval, serrate. Punicle
terminal. Stamens inserted into a nectarial ring.

A large, climbing shrub; a native of the Circar mountains. Flow-
ering time March and April.

Branches twiggy. Bark covered with grey, scabrous specks.—
Eeaves alternate, petioled, broad-oval, serrate, pretty smooth, about
two inches long, and one and half broad.—Petiols round, and one-
third the length of the leaves.— Panicles terminal, erect, thin, oblong.
—Bractes small, falling.— Flowers small, yellow, numerous.—Calyxr
inferior, five-toothed ; segments concave, emarginate.— Peféals five, in-
serted between the nectary and calyx, spreading — Nectary cup-shap-
ed; boarder five-toothed,— Filaments five, which area continuation
of the teeth of the nectary, rather shorter than the petals. Anthers
ovaie.—Germ round. Style shorter. Stigmas three.— Capsule
round, size of a pea, one-celled, ihree-valved, opening from the apex.
— Seeds from three to six, suirounded with a yellow pulpy nidus, and
always separating into three lobes, whatever the number be.

*C. Rothiana, Syst. veg. 1. ¢. 428, Ceanothus paniculata, Roth, 1. c. 164.

Celasirus. - PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 289

4. C. multiflora, R.

Shrubby, scandent, unarmed. Leaves alternate, oblong, acumi-
male, serrate. Panicles terminai. Stamens alternate, with an equal
number of reniform nectarial glands,

A native of Nipal, from thence Dr. Buchanan sent the seeds to
the botanic garden at Caicutta, im i802. In July 1808, the plants
therefrom biossomed for the first me, and ripened their seed seven
montis afterwards.

Trunk short, about as thick as a man’s arm. Bark brown, soft
and spongy. Branches numerous, spreading much, and having
their extremities often twming, but the scandent habit prevails must.
Leaves aiiernaie, short-petioled, drooping, oblong, acuminate, ser-
rate, smooth on both sides ; about six inches long, and from two
to three broad.—Stipules minute, soon withering and drooping.
—Panicles terminal, ovate-oblong, composed of many, simple, di-
vergig, short, smooth racemes.— flowers numerous, small, pale-
grecuish white.-—ractes very smal, caducous.—Calyx obscurely
five-toothed.— Petals obiong, inserted on the calyx, alternate with
the stamens, soon after expansion recurved.— Filaments shorter than
the petals, alternate, with as many semilunar nectarial glands,—Germ
superior, ovate, three-celled, with two ovula in each, attached to the
bottom of the cells. Style about as long as the stamens. Stigma
of three emarginate lobes.— Capsule roundish, somewhat three-lobed,
three-celled, three-valved, and generally with a single seed in each
cell.—Seeds obovate, entirely covered by a thin, pulpy, scarlet aril.
Integuments (exclusive of the aril), single, tender, white and smooth.
Persiperm of a soft cartilaginous texture.—Embryo erect. Cotyle-
dons two, round-cordate, and so large as tu divide the perisperm.
Radicle inferior, pomting obliquely to the umbilicus.

Obs. by N. WV.

The name being pre-occupied by an erect, armed species which La-
marck describes as being a native of Africa, 1t must be altered, I

suggest dependens, being expressive of its pendulous leaves. ‘The only

390 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Celasirus.

place in Nipal where I have met with this species is at Bheempa-
di and on the mountains of Cowndrugiré with fruit in December.—
Capsule straw-coloured, crowned with the short columnar style.—

N. W.

5, C. nutans, R.

Shrubby, scandent, unarmed. Leaves alternate, petioled, broad-
obovate, obtusely serrate, smooth. Panicles racemose, terminal. Seeds
invested in a complete aril.

A native of Mysore, from thence introduced by Dr. Bachan,
into the botanic garden at Calcutta, where it fowersin April, Seeds
ripe in August.

Stem short, round, woody, scandent. Bark a little scabrous, light
brown. Branches climbing and twining over the tops of large trees,
&e.; young shoots round, drooping, marked with white, rough dots.
Leaves alternate, short petioled, drooping, broad, obovate, cuneate,
serrate, smooth on both sides; length from two to three inches, and
from one to three broad.— Petioles about half an inch long, slightly
channelled.— Stipules minute, deciduous.— Racemes or panicles ter-
minal, drooping, sub-cylindrical, a little downy.—Bractes a single,
acute, very small, caducous one at the base of each pedicel—Calyx
deeply five-parted, divisions roundish, slightly pubescent, several
times shorter than the petals.— Petals five, alternate with the divisi-
ons of the calyx, spreading ; margins becoming recurved.— Nectarya
concave, five-sided receptacle, on which the germ rests.—Fa/aments-
five, very short, inserted on the five angels of the nectary, alternate
with the petals. Anthers sub-sagittate—Germ ovate, three-lobed,
three-celled, with two ovu/a in each, attached to the base of the axis.
Style scarcely any. Stigma three-lobed, lobes spreading, with notched
margins.—Cupsule round, size of a pea, one-celled, three-valved.—
Seeds from three to six; three or four is the most common number ;
shape conform to the number, each invested in a thick, complete,
fleshy, orange-coloured aril. Inéegument single.— Perisperm conform
to the seed, white and hard.— Embryo straight, erect, green. Cotyle-

Celastrus. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 391

dons oblong. Radicle cylindric, inferior, with its apex pointing to the
umbilicus.
Obs. There are five or six large plants of this in the botanic gar-

den, of these one only is hermaphrodite and fertile, all the rest are
male, or male-hermaphrodite, and barren.

Obs. by N.W,. -

I have found this elegant species on the hills at Rajmahul, ia
fruit in August, Specimens have also been communicated to me

by my valued friend Capt. W. S. Webb, gathered about Sirinagur.
—N. W.

6. C. trigyna, R.*

Unarmed. Leaves alternate, short-petioled, oblong, entire. Flowers
on small, axillary, dichotomous, round heads. Nectary of five scales,
alternate in the stamen. Styles three.

A native of the Moluccas.

7. C. vertic:llata, R.

Arboreous, unarmed. Leaves scattered, broad-lanceolate, waved,
entire, smooth. Panicles terminal, umbelliferous. Capsules one-
celled, two-valved, few-seeded.

Reared in the botanic garden at Calcutta from seeds sent from
Nipal by Dr. Buchanan in 1802, under the vernacular name Te-
piliti. The young trees flowered for the first time, in the rainy
season of 1805, when they were from twelve to fifteen feet high, ‘The
seeds ripen in January.

Trunk straight ; the branches and branchlets have a strong tendency
to be verticillate, Bark of the trunk, and larger branches greenish aslte
coloured, dotted with some small, elevated, lighter-coloured specks,
— Leaves numerous, drooping, scattered, more crowded towards the

* This name must be altered, there being another plant so called by Lamarck, See C,0b-
tusifoha, Roth. p. 394,.—N. W.

392 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA,; Celasirus,

ends of the branchlets, and like them having a tendency to be verticil-
late, petioled, brozd-lanceolate, acute, entire; margins waved, smooth,
upper surface polished ; about six inches long, by two broad.—Fes
tivles rounded on the under side, flattish above.— Stipules none. Pa-
nicles terminal, wiih alternate, spreading, umbelliferous, simple rami-
fications. —Peduncles and pedicels round, and smovth. —Bractes
lanceolate.—Cu/yw fiverleaved. Leaflets ovate-oblong, sligltly ci-
liate.-— Petals five, alternate with, and thee times lonver thea the
leaflets of the calyx, linear-oblong, entire, obtuse, at first spreading,
afterwards recurved, with the edges revolute.—Germ ovate-oblong,
a little compressed, two-, rarcly, three-celled. Style erect, perma-
nent. Stigmas two-, rarely, three-lobed, about even with the au-
thers. —Capsules roundish, size of a large pea, dry, rugose, one-
celled, two-valved, cpening round the apex.—Seeds from one to SIX,
or even eight, attached to the centre of a ridge in the bottom of the
cell, which crosses the opening of the valves; their shape varys ac-
cording to the number of seeds. IJntegument single, and while fresh
more like a thin, smeoth, soft, moist, entire, scarlet aril, than a com-
mon skin.—Perisperm conform to the seed, carlilaginous,— Lim-
bryo erect, minute, lodged in the base of the perisperm, rather be-
low the umbilicus. Colydedons two, very small. Radicle inferior,

oval,

Obs. by N. W.

This is among the more common tree in Nipal where it grows to
the size ofa Litchee tree, I have found it from the very entrance
to the hills, at Bechiako, to the valley and on the mountains surround-
ing it. | have also specimens collected by Kamroop about Siree=
nugur. The blossoms are produced from April to July, and the fruits
ripen from the beginning of August to the end of November. ‘The
trunk is covered with ash-ccloured, pretty even bark ; the wood is of
a light-colour, and not used except for common purposes.

If it were not for the many difficulties, under which this genus
already labours, I could augment the number ‘of species by a good

Celastrué. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 393

many more than those which I have venturedto add. Of this I am
certain, that several which have been received as distinct ones by
authors are by no means different.— Pittosporum is very little differ=
ent trom Cedastrus, except im the shape of its cotyledons. ‘The
species last described may be either the one or the other; its habit is
entiely that of a Pattosporum. I have specimens in flower, gathered
in April on the Pundova mountains of the N. E. frontiers of Bengal,
which differ in no ways except in the densely villous ovary, which
in our tree 1s only slightly pilose. —Among the specimens of the late
Dr. Heyne, preserved at the Hon. Company’s botanic garden, | find
some without name or place which are very like C, verticillata; but
they agree stil better with fruit-bearing specimens gathered at Pinang
by Mr. Jack, which undoubtedly belong to Cortex filarius, Rumph.
amb. auctuar. 13. ¢ 7, (quoted above p, 317.)—Sir J. E. Smith
considers it as the same as P. ferrugineum, Ait. kew. ed. 2. 1. 27, im
Rees’s Cyclopedia in loco.—N. W.

8. C. micrantha, R,

Scandent, somewhat armed. Leaves unequally pinnate; leaflets
from five to seven, opposite, oblong, entire, smooth, with simple pa-
rallel veins. Punicles axiiary, fiitorm, fersugmous. Nectary saucer=
shaped, bearing the stamina on its margins, style none.

A native of the Moluccas, a very doubtful species.

9. C. vbtusifolia, R.

Arboreous, unarmed. Leaves petioled, lanceolar, obtusely ser-
rujate, very obtuse, hard, smooth. Peduneles axillary, many-flow-
ered.

A native of the Mauritius,

Obs. by N. W.
This I doubt not is Lamarck’s C. zrigyna (illustr. i. 94. N. 2699)
to which I have alluded above, p. 391. It was introduced from the

Mauritius into the Hon. Company’s botanic garden at Calcutta, by
x x

204 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Celasirus.

Major-General Hardwick, in 1811. It blossoms in the month of
May.

An elegant, perfectly smooth shrub or small tree, branching from
the base of the stem.— Branches very siender, round, long, covered
with ash-grey bak; they bave scarcely any tendency to climb or ram-
ble, but are nodding at the apex. Young shoots glaucous, surrounded
at the base by a number of small, withered bud-scales.— Leaves
very irregularly scattered, so closely approximate at the end of the

branches as to become aimost fascicled; varying in thelr form on one

aud the same branch, from linear to janceolate-oblong, or cuneate, |

from two to three, or even four inches long, obtuse and rounded at ihe

apex, tapering towards the base; the margins remotely serruiate, the

serratures gibbuus and very obliquely cuspidate; of a thick, nearly ~

fleshy texture, pa.e-green, opaque, ash-grey, and elegantly reticulate
underneath when dry, otherwise nearly destitute of nerves aud veins.
— Peduncles axillary, filiform, generally half the length of the leaves,
compressed, once or twice dichotumous. Bractes at the middle of the
pedicels, lanceolate, fringed, sub-verticillate.— Ilowers small, white.
Lacinie of the calyx ovate, ciliate, four times shorter than the petals.
— Stigma obscurely three-lobed.—N. W.

10. C. monosperma, R.

Shrubby, scandent. Leaves oblong, glossy, serrulate. Panicles
thin, linear, axillary and terminal, longer than the leaves. Capsules
three-valved, one-seeded.

Tiara the vernacular name in Silhet, where it is found wild
in thin forests, climbing, and twining up and over trees, &c. toa
great extent. Flowering time the month of April. Seeds ripe in
October.

Young shoots smooth and brown, perfectly void of every kind of
pubescence.—Leaves alternate, short-petioled, fromm obovate-ob-

lung to lanceolar, glossy on both sides, serrulate, obtusely point-

ed, from three to five inches long, and one or two broad.— Panicles

Celastrus. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 395

axillary and terminal, linear, thin of branches, two, three, or even
four times longer than the leaves, smooth.—Flowers numerous,
small, pale greenish yellow.—Bractes subulate, small, smooth.—Ca«
lyx five-parted, segments short and rounded.— Petals five, sub-orbi-
cular, inserted, alternate with the stamens under the margin of the
flat repand nectary, which embraces the base of the germ,.— Filaments
five, short. Anthers oval— Germ obovate, oblong, three-celled, with
two ovula in each attached to the bottom of the cell. Style short.
Stigma trigonal— Capsule the size of a field bean, oblong, smooth,
three-valved, but L never found more than one cell.— Seed solitary,
covered with an orange-coloured, pulpy tunic, under it a single, ten-
der integument, of a light brown colour.— Perisperm conform to the
seed, pure white—LEmbryo erect, deep green. Cotyledons oblong.
Radicle oval, inferior.

Obs. by N. W.

Thave had this species also under the native name of Luta Ku-

nuki. add the following carpological details, supposing that they
may not prove altogether uninteresting.

Capsule slight.y three-cornered, greenish, bursting into three re-
curved valves, each of which is keeied within. Ardllus scarlet,
slightly pervious at the apex of the seed. Funicle consisting of a nar-
row linear fascicle of vessels, surrounding entirely the external cover.
ing of the seed, in a direction corresponding to the margins of the
embryo. Embryo most beautifully green. Coty/edons touliaceous,
contiguous, very large, slightly cordate, occupying nearly the whole
breadth of the perisperm, and the radicle reaching almost its base.

—N. W.

11. C. robustus, R.
Leaves alternate, lanceolar, entire, glossy. Racemes axillary;

length of the leaves, Capsule one-celled, two-seeded,
Xx2

396 PENTANDREA MONOGYNIA. Celastrus,

Sheelkogl the vernacular name in Szlhet, where it is indigenous and
grows to be one o their largest timbertrees. 1t blossoms m August,
and the seeds ripen in March,

Young shoots straight, round, and smooth.— Leaves alternate, pe=
tioled, lanceolate, entire, acuminate, firm, and even glossy ; about six

| inches long, and one and half or two broad.—Sétpu/es small,
caducous.—Racemes axillary, single, or paired, simple, cylindric,
length of the leaves.— Flowers numerous, and over every part of
the raceme, small, greenish yellow.— Bractes conical, one under
each pedicel.—Calyx five-parted ; segments oblong.— Petals five,
oblong, spreading. Nectary, a fleshy, five-lobed ring round tle |
base of the germ.— Filaments five, rather longer than the e als. Ais
thers two-lobed.— Germ superior, round, with a litle long white wool
on the apex, two-celled, with two ovula in each attached to the base
of the cell, Styles two; slightly united at the base, recurved. Stig-
mas headed.— Capsules ovate-oblong, size of a small olive, smooth,
brown, one-celled, two-valved.— Seeds generally two; when so lan-
ceolate, and flat on the inner side, arilled Znteguments smooth,
light chesnut-colour, pretty thick and may whic iecent be divided
into two or three lamina; aril complete within balfa line of the
apex, thick and soft, colour a lively bright yellow.—Perisperm con-
form to the seed, soft, white.— Embryo erect.— Cvtyledons cordate.

_ = Radicle cylindric, as long as the cotyledons, inferior.

Additional species by N. WV.

12, C. rigida, Wail.

Shrubby, erect, rigid. Branches round, flexuose, with leafy
spines. Leaves very tough, obovate-cuneate, sharply serrulate. Co=
gymbs small, scattered among the leaves.

C. buxifolia, Hort. beng. 18.

Introduced into the Hon. Company’s botanic garden at Caicutta
from Travancore, by Dr. A. Berry, in 1811. Time of blossoming”

the rainy season. In Dr. Heyne’s hortus siccus specimens are pres
served withuut any specific namie.

>

Celastrus. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, SBF

A ramous, remarkably rigid and thorny shrub, rising as far a3
eight feet in height. Branches thick, round, without any tendency to
become angular, strongly flexuose, ash-coloured, dotted, smooth, a3
are all the other parts. Spines alternate, issuing from the flexures
of the branches, often exceeding two inches in length, strong and ii-
gid, round, divaricate, producing leaves and even flowers, end gre~
dually growing out into branches.— Leaves at first fascicled on the
spines, their insertions surrounded by a number of subu ate, minute,
evanescent, ciliate bud-scales, becoming alternate ; obovate-cuneate,
acute or obtuse, more frequently retuse, on o'd branches nearly
round-obovate, sharply serru‘ate, tapering and eniire at the base,
from one to two and a half inches long, firm and leathery, smooth,
glossy above, of a pale-yellowish green underneath, with sub-oppe-
site, filiform nerves, and reticulate capillary veins.—Petiol vers
short, slightly sulcate.— flowers small, sub-corymbose on capillary,
fascicled peduncles, inserted on the spines among the leaves. Peei-
cels sub-dichotomous. Bractlets opposite. Lacinig of the calyx
ciliate. Style bifid.

Obs. Linneus’s C. buxifoiia is a native of Africa, its branches are
angular and straight, the leaves crenate, not sharply serrate, and the
flowers panicled: differences which, in my estimation sufficiently
warrant my separating the ‘Travancore species undera distinct name,

—N.W.

13. C. rufa, Wall.
Arboreous, erect, smooth, sparingly armed with axillary short
spines. Leaves lanceolate, acuminate, serrulate. Corymbs axiijlarv,

capillary, fascicled, on capillary coloured peduncles. Capsule obo-
vate, triangular, three-seeded.

Common in the forests of the valley of Nipal. I have also found it
at Tambakan, Blossoming in March and April; fruit ripening in
June.

A large very branchy tree. Branches round, brown, dotted, sca~

brous, sparingly armed with axillary, short, straight spines general'y

$98 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Celastrus,

equalling the petiols inlength, sometimes twice as long; young bran-
ches angular, of a more or less deep red colour, glaxcous.— Leaves
scattered, approximate, firm and coriaceous, perfectly smooth at all
times, as are allthe other parts; lanceolate, acuminate, obtusely and
almost gland-serrulate, acute at the base, from three.to five inches
Jong; shining above; pailid, slightly glaucous, reticulate underneath.
Petiol very short, channelled, reddish.— Stipules opposite, very small,
lanceolar, crenato-ciliate, withering.— Peduncles extremely numerous,
axillary, fascicled, eapillary, rufous, scarcely exceeding one-half of
the length of the leaves, di- or tri-chotomous, bearing a corymb of
very small white flowers, supported on capillary pedice/s, which are
jointed at the middle. Bractes lanceolate. Lacinie of the calyx and
petals rounded, crenuiate. Capsule small, obovate, trilobed, three~
celled, three-valved, three-seeded.

Obs. The ieaves and thorns of this species differ considerably in
their size, according to the more or less exposed or Juxuriant state
of the tree. ‘The flowers are small, supported by capillary reddisti
peduncies, almost covering ali the younger branches. The fruit is
extremely like that of a Ceancthus.—N. We

14, C, opposita, Wail.
Unarmed, smooth, with opposite jointed branches ; younger ones
tetraganous. Leaves opposite, lanceolate, obtuse, entire. Pedun-

cles axillary, three-flowered. |

Probably an inhabitant of the Peninsula of India. Specimens
are preserved in Dr. Heyne’s collection, labelled Rhamuus polifolia,
which, however, is a widely different plant,

Seemingly a shrub. Branches opposite, jointed at the sub-
divisions, filiform, round, ash-coloured, tetragonous at their ends,
together with all the cther parts perfectly smooth.— Leaves opposite,
lanceolate, obtuse, sometimes rounded at the apex, rarely cu
neate, tapering and acute at the base, on very short sulcate, articus

late petiols, scarcely exceeding two inches in length, perfectly entire

Celastrus. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 299

and smooth ; reticulate when dry.—Slipules none.—Pedunecles fili-
form, axilary, opposite, twice as long as the petiols, three-flowered.
Bractes minute, triangular; two at the base of the common pedicel,
and four verticilled surround the insertion of the short pedice!s.—
Flowers small.— Lacinia of the culyr short, rounded. Petals ovate,
obtuse.—Anthers large, ovate.—Style columuar; stigma obscurely
two-lobed.

Obs. In genera} appearance and in the varying figure of the leaves
it is much like C. trigyna, Lam., but it is sufficiently distinct by its
opposite branches and leaves and the entire margins of the latter.—

N. W.

15. C. bivalvis, W, Jack, in Mal. Misc. i,

Leaves lanceolate, acuminate, entire. Peduncles lateral, few-flow-
ered. Corolla wanting. Capsule two-valved, one-seeded.

A shrub with smooth branches. Leaves opposite, petiolate,
lanceolate, acuminate, acute at the base, very smooth. Stipules
none.—Peduucles lateral, divaricately dichotomous, few-flowered,
(five- to ten-flowered). Bractes small. Calyx tive-paried, bibrace
teate at the base; /acinié roundish, imbricated. Corolla none.
Stamina five, erect, united beneath into a five-toothed ring or ure
ceolus ; filaments flat; anthers oblong.—Style erect, as long as the
Stamina, Stigma truncate.—Cupsule ovate, green, smooth, crown-
ed with the sty.e, two-valved, one-celled, one-seeded; valves open-
ing from the base, and falling off from the seed, which is more
persistent and remains on the peduncle. Seed ovate, contained in
a beautiful crimson arillus, which 1s delicately veined. Albumen
cartilaginous, conform to the seed. Embryo erect, central, as long
as the albumen. Cotyledons flat, foliaceous, ovate, obtuse. Ra-
dicle inferior, obverse to the umbilicus, round, much shorter than
the cotyledons.—W. Jack, |. cit.

Obs. by N. IV.

J have specimens with fruit collected at Pinang by my late friend,

410 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Celastyus.

which are very distinct from all the other species. The petals are
epposite aud inserted on the branch by means of a joint.—N. W.

16. C. lucida, Wall.

Unarmed, smooth, scandent? Leaves ovate, acute, serrate, glossy
end shining. Capsules triquetrous, tri-valved, disposed in axillary
racemes, many-seeded?

My knowledge of this species is derived from a single fruit-bear-
ag specimen, gathered at Pinang by Mr. Jack, in 1819. ‘The leaves
are remarkably tough and leathery, of an elegant oval form, about
three liches loug, dark-green above, pallid andreticulate unde:eath ;
peliol balf az inch loug.—Capsules disposed in axillary, solitary, or
geminate short racemes, sharply three-cornered, with divaricate valves.
EF have uot seen the seeds. N. W.

a

27. © paucifora, Wall.

Unarmed, erect, smooth, shrubby. Leaves lanceolate, acumie
mate, serrulate. | Peduncles axillary, from six to eight-flowered. Pisiil
villous. RMectary five-lobed. Capsule triangularly g'obose, ui-valved.

A native of Pinang where it is called Boonga Lawung.

A shiub with smooth branches. Leaves alternate, very short-
lauceolate, acuminate, slightly serrated, very smooth. Stz-

Retioled
Pelicled;

rles laneeviate, acute, very deciduous. Peduncles short, axillary,

solitary; (rom six to eight-flowered. ‘They are frequently from the
zails of the fallen leaves. Flowers yellowish green, fascicled, shorte
sedicelled Bractes small, acute. Calyx inferior, ovate, five-leaved,
enflets ovate, acute, conniving ai their apices.—Corolla yellowish,
fve-parted, petals inserted on the receptacle, ovate-lanceolate, acute,
a little longer than the calyx, and alternating with its leaflets. Nec.
gary short, five-lobed, surrounding the germ. Stamina five, insert-
ed into the lobes of the nectary, erect, included; anthers savittate,
acute, conniving into a ring round the style. | Ovarium, superior,
ovate, one-celled, six-seeded.—Sfyle a little longer than the stamina,
tomentose together with the ovary. Stigma simple.—Capsule sure

: F j
Celastrus. ; PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. AOL

rounded at the base by the persistent calyx and the withered corolla
and nectary, triangularly globose, three-valved, one-celled ; seeds at.
tached along the middle of each valve to parietal prominent placente,
six in number, several aborting, roundish and angular.—W. Jack’s

Mss.

Obs. by N. W.

The preceding description was communicated by my late friend
Jack, without any specimens, He was doubtful of the true genus,
and gave the shrub the temporary name of Pittosporea serrulata ;
adding the following generic character and habit. ‘ Calyx beneath,
five-leaved, erect. Corolla five-petalled : petals alternating with the
calyx, Nectary five-lobed, surrounding the ovary. Stamina five, in-
serted on the nectarial lobes. Ovary one-celled, six-seeded. Capsule
three-valved, one-celled, with three parietal placentas. Some of the
seeds abortient—A pentandrous, monogyuous shrub, with alternate
eaves and axillary inflorescence.”

This may perhaps be a Pittosporum, but its serrated leaves and
one-ceiied capsule have induced me to place it here.—N. W.

18. C. stylosa, Wall.

Scandent, unarmed. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, acutely
serrate. Peduucles axillary, few-flowered, racemose. Petals oblong,
Capsule globular, crowned with a long style.

‘This is a large rambling and climbing shrub, which I have found
in similar places in Nipal with C. mudétiflora, Roxb. to which it has
great resemblance ; aso on several of the hills about the valley. It
blossoms in May and ripens its fruit towards the end of the year.

The whole plant is smooth. Branches long, slender, dotted.—
Leaves scattered, about three inches long, much like those of C. muds
tiflora, R. but smaller ; acute at the base ; on very short petiols. Pe=

duneles axillary, beating a few racemose, greeuish-white, pedicelled
Yy

A02 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIAs Euonymus.

flowers, resembling those of the above mentioned species, Capsule
round, yellow, crowned with a long cylindric style, which is termie
nated by the recurved, tri-lobed, threesfurrowed stizma.—N. W.

EUONY MUS, Schreb. gen. N. 373.

Corol from four- to five-petalled. Germ from two- to five-celled,
cells two-seeded, attachment inferior. Capsule superior, three or fours
celled, three or fourevalved. Seeds calyptred. Embryo erect, and

furnished with a perisperm.

1. FE, atropurpurea, Willd. spec. i. 1132.

Shrubby, erect. Leaves opposite, lanceolar, smooth, serrulate,
Peduncles few-flowered ; flowers tetrandrous.

Found by Dr. Buchanan in Nipa! from whence he sent seeds to
this garden, where in eight years the plants are four or five feet high,
thin of branches; and now beginning to blossom in March.

Trunk erect. Bark smooth, and ash-coloured, Branchlets spreade
ing, round, and smooth.— Leaves opposite, short-petioled, lanceolar,
smooth on both sides, very finely serrulate, from four to six inches
Jong, by one and a half broad.— Stipules ; while the shoots are quite
tender a small soft bristle or two occupy their place.— Peduncles be-
low the leaves, opposite, expanding, dichotomous, each division three-
flowered, with generally one in the fork.— Flowers pedicelled, small,
greenish white.—Calyx four-leaved; leaflets round, concave and
smooth.— Petals four, cordate, lanceolate, expanding ; margins revo-
lute, white, and smooth.— Nectary a deep green, four-lobed, fleshy
body surrounding the base of the germ.— Ft/aments four, rather longer
than the pistillum, inserted on the four lobes of the nectary. An=
thers two-lobed, dark brown.— Germ superior, four-lobed, four-cel-
led, with two ovula in each, attached to the middle of the axis- Style

four-sided. Stigma obtuse.

Euonymie, PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIAc 403

Obs. by N. W.

This I have found in all parts of the valley of Nipal which I
have visited, as well as on the neighbouring mountains, blossoming
during the rains, and ripening its fruit towards the close of the year.
1 have also had it from Shreenvgur, and Surmoor. It is a branchy
slender tree, growing to the height of from sixteen to twenty feet.
The wood is beautifully white and compact.—Capsules yellow,
smooth, turbinate, four-lobed, but not four-winged ; jobes strongly
projecting, divided by an equal number of furrows, the vertex crown
ed by the short vestige of the style, base surrounded, as im all the
other species, by an annular rudiment of the calyx; itis rather smalle
er than the fruit of E. ewropaea, Gaertn. Carp. 11. 149. t. 113, but
agreeine with it in internal structure.—I suspect that the tree is dif-
ferent both from that species, and from E. atropurpurea of Jacquin,
though not perhaps from europaea, ‘Vhunb: jap. 101; and propose
calling it E. Hamultoniana, after its most worthy discoverer.—N,. We

2. E. glabra, R.

Aiboreous, Ledves opposite, oblong, smooth, with the anterior
margin serrate. Peduncles axillary and lateral, two or three times di-
chotomous, with a single flower in each fork 3 flowers pentandrous,

A small tree, a native of Chittagong, where it flowers in May,

3. E. garcinifolia, R.

Sub-arboreous. Leaves opposite, lanceolar, entire, smooth. Pes
duncles between the leaves, threesfowered. Capsule two-valved, one-
seeded.

Movi the vernacular name in Silhet, where it is indigenous; grows
ing to the size of a small upright tree; flowers and ripe seed were
found on the same trees in the month of January 1812, but whether
it is in constant flower and fruit the whole year round, [ cannot say.

Branchlets opposite, round, and covered with smooth brown

bark.— Leaves opposite, short-petioled, lanceolar, eutire, smooth oa
Yy2

Ce

404 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA- Euonymus.

both sides; from three to four inches long, Sy about one broad.—
Peduncles between the pairs of leaves, sometimes opposite, some=
times solitary, short, and three-flowered.— Flowers short-pedicelled,
small, pale-yellow.—Bractessubulate, caducous.— Calyx five-leaved;
leaflets roundish, smooth and imbricated.— Petals five, oblong, mar-
gins incurved, many times longer than the calyx ; down the middle on
the inside runs an elevated sharp rib: Filaments tive, shorter than the
germ, alternate with the petals. Anthers erect, loug-cordate. —Germ
superior, ovate, two-celled; each cell containing two ovula, attached
to the thickened middle of the partition. Séyde none, or very short.
Stigma four-toothed.—Capsule oblong, size of a small field bean,’
smooth, one-celled, two-valved opening from the base.— Seeds so-
litary, at least E have not found more, oval, covered with a thin, suc-
culent, veined, bright, scarlet aril.— Perisperm conform to the seed,
firm, and tough.— Embryo erect. Cotyledons ovate-cordate. Radicle
cylindric, inferior.

Additional species by N. W.
4. E. grandiflora, Wall.

Leaves obovate-oblong, obtuse, acutely serrulate, with a tapering,
entire base. Peduncles siender, flattened, nearly equalling the leaves,
from three- to six-flowered. Capsule globular, pendulous, obscurely
four-comered, with pendalous, sub-geminate seeds; supported by the
thickened and enlarged calyx.

1 have met with it in various forest in the valley of Nipal, blossom-
ing in April and May, and ripening its fruit in September.

A small branchy tree, rising only to the height of ten or twelve feet.
Branches round, slender, grey, smooth, as are all the other parts;
branchiets opposite, slightly four-cornered, somewhat compressed,
with two opposite capillary furrows.— Leaves. opposite, leathery, from
oblong to ovate, obtuse, sometimes rounded at the apex, sharply
serrulate, acttte, and entire at the base; from three to four inches
long, perfectly smooth on both sides, shining above, pallid underneath,
With sub-opposite capillary nerves, and reticulate veins.—Petiols very

Euonymus. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 405

short, furrowed.—Stipules, migute, withering.—Peduncles axillary,
opposite, exceedingly slender, filiform, flattened, almost equalling the
leaves in length, from three- to six-flowered.— Pedicels divaricate,
articulate at the base, where they are furnished with a pair of minute,
vanishing bractlets.— Flowers white, incdorous, very large, and showy,
spreading, tetrandreus, measuring ten Imes in diameter, slightly
nodding.—Calyx broad, flat, with four short, rounded, ciliate, erect
lobes; it is gradually reflected as the flower expands, becoming
thick and fleshy, of a dark shining green colour above, and vaulted
underneath, in which state it continues under the ripe fruit.— Pee
tals four, large, white, spreading, orbicular, flat, with crispate mar-
gins.—Siamens short, remote, at first erect, afterwards recurved,
sub-immersed in the fleshy bottom of the calyx. Filaments su-
bulate, persistent. Anthers erect, ovate, didymous.— Ovary ovate,
pyramidal, semi-immersed, shining, four-celled, many-seeded ; ovula
sub-pendulous from the axis. Style short, persistent. Stigma ob-
tuse. Capsule nearly globular, slightly four-cornered, of the size
of acherry, supported by the broad, convex, truncate calyx, four-cel=
ed, four-valved. Seeds oval, shiaing black, supported without any
wings, and half covered by a brilliant red, minutely lobed, and ver-
rucose ardl/us ; in general each cell contains two, which hang down on
a short funicie.

Obs. This is a very beautiful shrub, both when in flower and when
loaded with its yellow pendulous capsules, each of which is furnish-
ed with as many as six black, pendulous seeds.—N. W.

5. E. japonica, Thunb. jap. 100.— Banks icon. Kaempf. 8.

Branchlets pendulous. Leaves oblong, sharply serrulate, acumi-
nate. Corymbs axillary, fascicled, many-flowered, crowded and pa-
nicled on the young shoots ; peduncles flattened. Capsule with four
hoiizontally spreading, vertical wings.

Iso Kuroggi, Kaempf. amoen. 790, (according to Thunberg.)

Grows on Sheopore and Chundrugird in Nipal, where it com-
mences blossoming in April, ripening its fruit m June and July. 1

=

406 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA- Euonymus,

have specimens gathered on the Sewalik mountains by my friend Dr.
Govan, at an elevation of from three to five thousand feet, and a:
Shreenugur by the plant collectors of the Hon. Company’s botanic
garden.

A branchy tree, growing to the height of twenty feet. Stem as
thick as a man’s arm, or thicker, covered with grey bark. Bran
ches smooth, long, slender; the outer ones pendulous, opposite, somes
times dichotomous ; voung shoots slightly compressed.— Leaves ops
posite, spreading, oblong, sharply serrulate, long-acuminate, acule_
at the base, from four to six inches long, perfectly smooth, shining _
above; they have often while young a shining brown colour, Petiod
very short. Stipules consisting, as in the first species, of minute op=
posite scales, from which issue one or two transparent, subulate,
branchy hairs.—Peduacles axillary, opposite, crowded and panicled
on the recent shoots, loose, somewhat shorter than the leaves, two

or three times dichotomous, bearing several small, white, tetandrous,

rarely pentandrous flowers; those from the bifurcations longer-pe-
dicelled than the rest.— Bractes opposite, acuminate, cillate, cadu-
cous.— Pedicels angular, slightly clavate —Ca/ycine lacintg rounded,
ciliate. Petals mostly four, orbicular, ciliate, twice as long as the
calyx, inserted by a broad basis.—Stamina very short. Ovary semi-

immersed, pyramidal, four-celled ; each cell containing two sub-pen-

Gulous ovula.—Capsule depressed, divided toward its axis into. four

or five vertical, sub-ascending, oval, obtuse, unequal wings or lobes.

Obs. Notwithstanding some discrepancies between Kaempfer’s
figure and Thunberg’s description I am strongly inclined to consider
this tree as the genuine E. japonica ; the more so, as I take that, which
thelast mentioned author mentions as europaea, to bethe same as Rox
burgh’s atropurpurea.—Should I be mistakenin this supposition, the
species before us might with propriety be called pendula, its outer

branches hanging down in a very elegant manner.—N,. W.

6. E. tingens, Wall.
Arboreous, erect. Leaves thick and leathery, ovate-lanceolate,

Eionymus. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 407

serrulate, rugose above. Calycine laciniz persistent. Petals veine
ed, furnished with a short claw. Capsule rounded, five-cornered.

Newar, Kasoord.

I have only found it on the summit of Sheopore where it blos«
soms in April, and ripens its capsules in September. Dr. Govan
has found it on the Sewalik mountains, and Kamroop on those of
Shreenugur.

A branchy tree, from sixteen to twenty feet high, with a trunk
as thick as a mau’s thigh, covered with ash-grey bark, spotted with
numerous large, spungy, ochre-coloured tubercles. ‘The wood is like
that of the first species.— Branchlets rather short and thick, round,
but marked with four equidistant elevated lines; new shoots ob-
scurely four-cornered. Both the flower-buds and the branch-buds
consist of imbricated, lanceolate scales, fringed with capillary fibres,
surrounding the tender branchlets, and here and there interspersed
among the peduncles.—Leaves approximate, sub-decussate, from
ovate to lanceolate, two or three inches long, sharply seriulate, acute
at both ends, of a firm, leathery texture; dark-green and lucid,
somewhat rugose above ; very pale underneath, obscurely reticulate.
FPetiol short. Peduncles short, flattened, twice or thrice dichotos
mous, disposed in numerous, approximate pairs on the young shoots,
with opposite linear fringed bractlets at each sub-division.— flowers
large, yellowish-green, those in the dichotomies supported on a
longer pedicel than the rest—Lacinig of the calyr ovate, obtuse,
ciliate.— Petals four or five, large, yellowish, most beautifully marked
with purplish veins, ovate, furnished with a short claw.— Stamina
four or five.-—Capsule as large as a gooseberry, sharply four or five-
cornered, retuse with a subulate point, supported by the lobed calyx ;
five-seeded.

Obs. The Nipalese employ the yellow bark for the purpose of
marking the forehead with the idolatrous symbol, commonly called

Tika—-N. W,

ABR PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA; Ewonymus,

4%. E. fimbriata, Wall,

Leaves ovate, finely acuminate, fringed with long, parallel, den-
fate, sharp serratures. Flowers sub-umbellate on long filiform pe-
duncles. Capsules with from two to five, long, vertical, tapering wings.

Specimens of this beautiful species were communicated from

the Sewalik mountains by Dr. Govan and from Shreenugur by Kam-

FOOp.
Probably atree. Branches round, slender, grey; while young

alternately compressed; all parts smooth. Buds axillary and termi-
nal, oval, acute, consisting of ovate, obtuse, imbricating scales.—
Leaves opposite, ovate, terminated by a Janceolar, long acumen;
margins most elegantly marked with narrow, linear-lanceolate, sharp,

slightly incumbent, parallel, and approximate serratures, which are

‘two or three lines long, and sharply denticulate, or serrulate ; base

rounded, or acute, nearly entire; the lower surface with a strong rib
and oblique nerves; from three to five inches loag.— Petiol half an
meh long, furrowed -— Peduncles lateral, approximate on the young
shoots, filiform, a little fatiened, two or three inches long, divided

ito five or six long, slender rays, each bearing a simple or com-

pound fascicle of tetrandrous flowers.—Calycine segments oblong,
ebtuse.— Stamina very short.— Capsule large, turbinate, depressed,
furnished with from two to five, lanceolate, tapering, vertical, hori-
zontally spreading wings, which are sometimes two-thirds of an inch
tong, and as broad at the base as the capsule itself is deep.

Obs. It is impossible to confound this with any other species.
While young the leaves are lanceolate, less deeply, but distinctly du-
plicato-serrate; when old they become broad ovate, elegantly fringed
with numerous narrow, deep, dentate serratures. The capsules are

large, and leathery.—N. W.

8. E. grossa, Wall.
Leaves sub-opposite, ovate, acute, obtusely and srogsly serrate, on
longish petiols, Peduncles dichotomous, with long divaricate divi-

sions,

Euonymus. | PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 409

Found by my people on the mountains to the Northward of Sheo-
pore, in flower in June. ;

A small tree, with ash-coloured, dotted branches. Leaves mostly
opposite, sometimes sub-alternate, ovate, acute, grossly and obtuse-
ly serrate, rounded at the base, coriaceous, smooth and shining,
elegantly reticulate underneath, with oblique approximate nerves;
four inches Jorng.—Petiol from half an inch, to an inch long.—Pe-
duncles haif the length of the leaves, filiform, flattened, twice dicho-
tomous, the divisions long and divaricate, supported by a pair of
opposite, lanceolate, acute bractes.— Flowers peutandrous, with ob-
long petals.—Anthers globular, didymous.—I have net seen the fruit.
—N. W.

9 E frigida, Wall.

Leaves oblong, acuminate, serrulate. Peduncles filiform, three-
flawered. Capsules ovate-rotund, with four-winged base ; wings nar-
row, triangular, membranous.

My knowledge of this species is derived from a few fruit-bearing
specimens which my collector gathered near Gosain-Than, in Au-

gust.
It is reported to be a small tree. Branches covered with brown,

striped epidermis ; branchlets obscurely quadrangular.— Leaves as
much as five inches long, finely serrate, ending in a long, entire acu-
men. Petiol very short.—Peduncles from the vestiges of the leaves,
two inches long, divided into from one to three, half-inch-long pe-
dicels—The unripe capsule as large as a gooseberry, its wings quite
membranous, vertical, disappearing towards its vertex, obtuse.—

Wis

10. E. indica, Herb. Heyn.
Leaves lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, most entire,
Peduncles one- or three-flowered. Capsule clavate, obtusely winged

towards the apex.

Specimens are preserved in Dr. Heyne’s hortus siccus,
Zz

B10 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Euonymus.

Branches opposite, round, smooth ; the upper ones slender, slightly
quadrangular. Leaves from lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, obtusely
acuminate, attenuato acute at the base, perfectly entire, leathery, three
Inches long, shinny above, with a prominent riband capillary nerves
underneath. “Peéiol very short. Peduncies opposite, axillary, solitary,
about twice as long as the petiols, bearing one or two flowers.—
Bractes minute, lanceolate, opposite, below the middle of the one-
flowered peduncle, or under the pedicels — Flowers pentandrous.—
Fetals oval, ciliate. Capsule obovate-clavate, surrounded at the ta-
pering base by the persistent calyx; retuse at the apex and furnish-
éd with five short, rounded, projecting wings.—N. W.

11. E. dichotoma, Herb. Heyn.

Leaves linear-lanceolate, acuminate at both ends, perfectly entire.
Peduncles dichotomous-at the apex. Capsule levgthened, clavate,
five-lobed.

Specimens are preserved in Dr, Heyne’s herbarium,

Branches very slender, opposite or dichotomous, the outermost
Slightly quadrangular.— Leaves narrow, sometimes linear-lanceolar,
most entire, tapering and acuminate at boih ends, smooth, two inches
long, on short, channelled petio's.—Peduncles fascicled, filiform,
one-third shorter than the leaves, two or-three times dichotomous at
the apex, bearing a number of small pentandrous flowers.—Capsule
clavate, lengthened, tapering downwards, nearly an inch long; its
vertex five-lobed, retuse ; /obes short, rounded.

“Obs. These two interesting species are much alike in foliage; the
last described differs in having much narrower leaves, more numerous,
dichotomous peduncles, but smaller flowers, and lengthened, five-lob-
ed, but not five-winged capsules, In none of the specimens are the
fruits ripe ; Lam therefore doubtful if they are genuine Euonymi, or
ought to constitute a new genus.—N. W.

12. E. echinata, Wall.

Scandent aud radicant. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, serrate. Pe-

Peete eee a re

Euonymis, PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIAt. 41%

duncles filiform, axillary, several times dichotomous. Capsules armed:

with numerous prickles.
Grows wild in the mountainous forests of Nipal, especially on Sheo-

pore. Flowering in March and April, fruit ripening in August.
Tiis is a very large branchy shrub; climbing over trees and
rocks, and radicant by means of dense capillary fibres. he stem-
ig from two to four inches-in diameter, covered with soft, spungy, |
yellow bark. Branches opposite, smooth, ash-ccloured, sometimes:
rooting, four-comered at the apex. uds oblong, attenuate, cons
sisting of ovate, imbricate scales, which. continue after: the branchs
has grown out, surrounding its base.— Leaves opposite, from lau=
ceolate to ovate, acuminate, serrulate, with an acute or rounded base,
from two to three inches long, firm and leathery, perfectly smooth,
spreading, sub-decussated, approximate, dark-green, shining, witln
capillary, sub-transversal nerves, which unite im arches near the:
margin on the upper surface, pallid underneath.—Petiol very short.
—Stipules no others than some very minute, fleshy, subulate-
scaes on each side of the base of the petiol.— Peduncles filiform,-
axillary, opposite, considerably shorter than the leaves, smooth,
flattened, twice or thrice dichotomous, with a flower in each bi.-
fureation, and a pair of opposite, triangular, ciliate, withering
bractlets under each sub-division.— Flowers small, pea-green, ino-
dorous, short-peduncled, quadrifid and tetrandrous ; that-in- the bifure.
cation on a longer pedicel. Ca/yx flat, with rounded, concave,

recurved lacinie.

Petals orbicular, crenulate, a little veined, seve-
ral times larger than the lacini@.—Stantina erect, somewhat shorter
than the petals.—Ovary half sunk. into the fleshy bottom of the-
calyx, obscurely four-sided, and four-furrowed, with four cells, each
containing two pendulous ovula, Style short, Stigma. truncate.
—Capsule pendulous, globular, yellow, smooth, about four lines in
diameter, beset with numerous, spreading, subulate, short prickles, its
vertex naked, crowned with a short style, the base retuse, half con.

cealing the permanent, reflected calyx; four-celled, containing four
Zz2

433, PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Luonymes.

oblong, black seeds, which are almost entirely enveloped im a scarlet
fleshy arillus.

Obs. This and the following are exceedingly alike in the inflores-
cence and leaves; but the fruit differs widely. The disposition of
the nerves of the leaves seems also to differ ; in the species just des-
cribed they are nearly transversal, parallel, and uniting under the
margins in reticulate arches, and more visible on the upper sur
face; in E. vagans they are very oblique, and-very obscurely reticu=
late towards the periphery.—l have never observed the last mentis
oned species with a radicant stem or branches.—N. W.

13. E. vagans, Wall.

Climbing, shrubby. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, serrate. Peduna
cles filiform, axillary, dichotemous. Capsules globular, naked, un-
armed

{i inhabits the same p'aces as the last described, and produces
flowers and fruit at similar seasons of the year. I have aso found .
it in fruit on Cheesapan?z, im December.

A most extensive ramb'ing and climbing shrub, with stem,
branches, leaves and flowers exactly like those of the preceding
species except in the points adverted to in the concluding observa-
tion.— The capsule smooth, uvarmed, globular, four celled, four-
seéded ; seeds \arge, hidden wiihin a fleshy scarlet arillus.

Obs. Gaertner has very justly observed in his matchless carpo-
logy, ii, 86, that there exists no generic difference between Celus-
trus aud Euonymus, and | confess, that the two just described may
perhaps with equal justice be placed under the former genus.— The
wood of E. vagans is compact and fine grained.—l have brought
with me a piece of the stem of a most gigantic climber belonging
either to this species or very nearly allied to it, measuring full fif-
teen inches in circumference, marked with many parallel furrows
and covered with spungy bark, grey on the surface and yellow withe
in; the wood brown, soft, and perforated with small tubular cells
like a ratan.—iN. W.

Ventilago, PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 413

VENTILAGO, Gaert.

Calyx five-parted. Corol five-petalled. Germ hid in the crenulate
ed ilat nectary. Style two-cleft. | Samara semi-supera, globose,
long-winged, one-seeded. Embryo erect, with perisperm.

1. V. Madraspatana, Willd. sp.i..1106. Gaert. Carp. i. 223. t. 49.

Funis viminalis, Rumph. Amb. v. 3. t. 2.

Beng. Ruktupiia.

Telinga. Yerra chictali.

A very large climbing shrub ; a native of forests and other uncul-
tivated places, amongst the mountains ;* flowering during the cold
season,

Leaves alternate, short-petioled, bifarious, ovate-ob'ong, serru-
late, smooth, except while young, then villous; from three to four
inches long. Panicles terminal, composed of aiternaic, bifarious,
ramous, villous branches —Flowers very numerous, small, greenish,
smelling very strong aud offensive.— Calyx, corol, nectary, stamens,
and pistillum as in Khamnus Jujuba.—Capsule (Samara) globular,
size of a pea, surrounded near the middle with the remaining necta-
ry, terminating in a long, linear, membranaceous wing, one-celied,
not opening of itself.— Seed solitary, round.

Obs. This plant is generally dioigous. ‘The smell of the flowers
is very offensive, not uulike that of Sterculia fetida.

Obs, by N.W.
~While young the stem and flexuose branches are striped with
white lines, which elegantly contrast with the smooth green bark, not
unlike what is observed in the beautiful Acer sériatum.—lIn the hore
tus siccus of the late Dr. Heyne specimens are preserved of Willde-
now’s V. dentata (nov. act. berol. ili, 417); which I am supported by
one of the very first authorities in botany in considering only as vas

* Common in the north parts of Bengal, Ed,

414 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIAs. Hovenia,

rieties of V. madraspatana (See Sir J. E. Smith in Rees’s cyclop. in
Joco).—V. bracteata, Heyn. also. preserved in: his herbarium, is very
much like the former, and | am disposed to think that the round, sub-
yetuse, ha f-inch-long, villous, floral leaves are merely accidental._—In
Sithet the climber is called Panee Luia (UTMtAat).—Funis vimina=
lis of Rumphius is undoubtedly like a Ventilago; but it climbs. by
means of hooks, which ours does not.—N. W.

HOVENTA, Schreb. gen. N. 375.

Calyx fiveeparted. Corl five-petalled. | Germ superior, three
celled ; cells one-seeded ; attachment inferior, Style three-cleft, Cape

sule tricoccous. Embryo erect, with scanty perisperm.

1. H. dulcis, Thunb. japon. 101. Walld. spec. 1. 1141.

Sicku, vuled Ken et Kenpokonas, Kaempf. amoen. p. 808. t. 809%

A tree, a native of Nipal ; from thence introduced by Dr. Bucha-
nan into the botanic garden at Ca.cutia, where when eight years old,,
they began to blossom in April.

Trunk in our young trees straight and high, from ten to twelve
feet to the branches ; and twenty inches in circumferences, four feet
above the earth. ‘Total height about thirty feet.— Bark smooth,,
dark-brown. Branches spreading much, branchlets bifarious, round ;
young shoots hairy. Leaves alternate, short-petioled, cordate, acutely,
serrate, acuminate, three-nerved, smooth above, a little hairy undere
neath ; from four to six inches long, by from two to four broad. —S/ét-
pules lanceolate, hairy, caducous.—Cymes axillary, rarely terminal,
dichotomous, villous; dzvisions clavate.—J lowers numerous, small,
white.— Calyx one-leaved, acetabuliform, inside hairy. Border five-
parted; divisions ovate, reflexed.— Petals five, inserted within the
fissures of the calyx, broad spatulate, sides incurved round the fila
ments.—£2/aments five, longer than the petals, recurved. Anthers
ovaie.—Germ superior, ovate, three-celled, with one ovulum in each,

Hovenia. FENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 415

attached to the bottom of its cell. Style cylindric, apex three-cleft.
Stigmas simple.—Capsules superior, round, size ofa pea, thin, smooth,
and brown, three-celled. ‘The ramifications of the cyme are now,
when the seed are ripe, much swollen, and variously bent, as repre-
sented by Kaempfer, but the taste is simply astringent.—Seed solita«
ry- Integuments two; exterior tough, thick, hard, and highly po-
lished; zuéerior membranaceous, and covered with a brown mealy
substance.—Perisperm in small quantity, tough, dull, livid-white.
Embryo erect, yellowish. Cotyledons orbicular. Jtadicle oval, ine
ferior.
Obs. By Dr. Buchanan dated Katumanda, 10th and 14th No.
vember, 1802. “ Munko-khoshee.* A tree originally brought from
«China or some country subjectto it, The fruit is a capsule, con-
“‘ taining threezseeds, and resting on an enlarged pedunculus, which
“is soft, and contains a sweet juice. This does not come to mae
“turity till after the capsules are ripe. Part of the seed now sent
“in this parcel was brought from China, and part has ripened here.
“There can be no doubt, from the singular nature of the peduncle,
“that it is an Hovenia, Thunb. but whether or not his species, L
“‘know not. It has hairy leaves and is reckoned the largest tree in

« Nipal.”

Obs. by N. W.
This fine tree undoubtedly grows wild in the valley of £ Nipal at

* ‘The name here given as a Newar nameis in the extract of Dr. Buchanan’s letter write
ten Man Kokhosee, and is one, ont of hundreds which might easily be produced, of the mis«

takes which constantly occur when persons unacquainted, in some measure at least, with
the languages, set down words from the mouth of natives Dr. Buchanan spoke only Hindoo-
sthanee, and a Newar man gave him asa reply to a question, Munko Khooshee, a Hindoo-

sthanee word which means pleasure or delight to the mind. This might be the Hindoo-

sthanee word by which the tree is designated by the Nipalese, but it is much more probable

the man only intended to say tt was a delightful tree. The above-mentioned cirenmstance,

and likewise the great number of native names of plants, seemingly obtained with the ut-
mostease by other gentlemen who have merely run through a country as collectors ; (which
however was not the case with Dr. Buchanan) ; added to the difficulty I have myself found
in obtaining names, and the uncertainty of those commonly obtained, fully dispose me to
foincide with the suggestion cf my triend Wallich in his note at the foot of page 99. Ed,

eee a

“AIG PENTANDRIA MONOGYNTA. Gouania.

Gokurna, Thoka, Shumbhoonath and as far as half way up Sheopore,
on all which paces | have found it in the forests, blossoming in
May, and ripening its fruit in the rainy season ; it attains the size, which
Kaempfer ascribes to it, of a middling pear tree, with a trunk from
one to two feet thick. The wood is light, veined, greyish white;
the bark cinnamon-coloured. A sprig in flower with the imper-
fectly ripe fruit is represented in the very valuable Botan. Regist. vi.
500, under the name of Hovenia acerba, Lind]. which was after
waids very properly corrected to H. dudcis, and the mistake of the
leaves having been represented entire, pointed out. Jbid vil. ad. -

calc. sub notis.—N, W.

PITTOSPORUM, Schreb. gen. N. 379.

Calyx five-leaved, deciduous. Petals five, germ superior, three.
celled, cells many-seeded, attachment interior. Capsule three. celled,
three-valved. Seeds many. Embryo centripetal, and furnished with

@ perisperm.

pal es Tobira, R.
Leaves sub-verticilled, obovate, cuneate, entire, and lucid, apex

circular.
Tobira, Kaempf. amoenit. 796. tab. 797.
From China this pretty shrub has been introduced into the botanic

garden at Calcutta,

GOUANTIA, Schreb. gen. N. 1592.

Calyx five-parted. Coro five-petalled. Germ three-celled, sunk
in the saucer-shaped, five-horned nectary; cells oné-seeded, attach-
ment inferior. Capsule inferior, three-celled, with a single seed in
each, Embryo erect, and furnished with a perisperm,

Govanida. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA: ‘417

1. G. tiliefolia, Willd. sp. iv. 1000. Roxb. Corom. 1. N. 98.
Shrubby, climbing. Leaves cordate, serrulate, smooth. Racemes
terminal, and axillary.

Telinga, Penki-tiga.
A large, climbing, woody shrub, a native of the Circar mountains,

Tendrils simple, small, generally from the lower part of the rae
cemes.— Leaves alternate, petioled, cordate, slightly serrate, or cree
nulate, smooth, from two to four inches long.— Racemes terminal, and
from the exterior axils, long, filiform.— Flowers numerous, small.—
Bractes minute.—Ca/yx above, five-parted.—Corol as in Rhamnus.
—Nectary the saucér-shaped part 1s here augmented by five emar-
ginated, spreading horns.—Ii/aments inserted in the margin of the
nectary, alternate with its horns.—Germ below, three-sided. Style
three-cleft. —Capsule dry, triangular, three-celled, three-valved.—

Seeds one in each cell.

Obs. by N. W.
I have found it abundantly in the lower part of Nipal, at Hee
‘tounra, and between that place and Bheempedi, climbing over large
trees ; with ripe fruit in November. It is also a native of Sdlhet, where

it blossoms during the rains —N, W.

2. G. napalensis, Wall.

Shrubby, climbing.
acute at the base, seldom sub-cordate, villous and strongly ribbed

undermeath, Petiols glandular at the apex. Racemes very long, vil-

Leaves oval, finely acuminate, rounded or

lous.
[ have observed this shrub in Nipal on the high mountains of

Sheopore, Chundrugiri, &c. flowering from June until October.

A very extensively climbing shrub with long, slender, striped, round
branches beset with pretty copious, soft, rust-coloured, spreading
hairs, especially while young.— Leaves ovate, sometimes cordate, more
frequently rounded or acute at the base, terminating iu a very long,

Aaa ,

438 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, fea.

entire, linear, cuspidate-obtuse acumen, from four to six inches
Jong, serrate: the lowermost serratures glandular, subulate, extend.
ing down upon the petiol, the rest becoming more and more obtuse,
even retuse, as they approach the acumen ; upper surface smooth,
obliquely furrowed, the under one marked with copious approximate,
paraliel, oblique, elevated, villous merves, and sub-transyersal capillary
veins; when young they are densely villous underneath.—Petiols
slender, slightly furrowed, pubescent, from an inch to an inch anda
half long, having towards its apex, above, a couple of subulate, eva-
nescent, villous glands.— Stipules opposite, membranous, lanceolate,
falcaie, acute, one-third cf an inch long, deciduous.—Tendri/s termi-
nal, or from the base of the racemes, simple, slender, villous, spiral,
three inches long — Racemes exceedingly long and slender, terminal
and from the exterior axils, panicled, undivided, from six to twelve
ynches long, cylindric, densely villous, short-peduncled. —Flowers
minute, fascicled, approximate, on very short pedicels.— Petals cune-~
aie, obtuse, sub-fornicate, scarcely half so long as the alternating, tri-
angular, calycine lacini@.—Stamina opposite to the petals, and alter-
nating with the five teeth of a flat greenish disc or nectary which sur-
rounds the ovary.

Obs. It is difficult to determine whether this may be considered
as a distinct species, or only a variety of G. tiliefolia. The form.
aud size of the leaves, the villosity of their under surface and espes
cially of the inflorescence seem to indicate a specific difference ; still
I have my doubts on this subject.—'The specimens which are preserv~
ed in the late Dr. Heyne’s hortus siccus possess also a considerable
villosity on the inflorescence. —N. W,

ITEA, Schreb. gen. N. 381.

Calyx five-toothed. Peials five, (fouryof which, with the stamte
ja are luserted on the receptacle.) Capsule one-celled, two-valved,
nanyeseeded, Receptacles lateral,

tea. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA¢ 4j\9

1.1. umbellata, R.
Shrubby. Leaves alternate, petioled, broad-lanceolate. Panie

cles axillary, and terminal, composed of long pedicelled, simple um=
bellets.

A native of the Malay Islands.
Leaves alternate, petioled, broad-lanceolate, entire, smooth, from

six to twelve inches long.— Petzo/es from one to two inches long.
—Stipules none.— Panicles axillary, terminal, and scattered amongst
the leaves, composed of long pedicelled umbellets, which are some-
times proliferous.— Flowers numerous, pretty large—Bractes mi-
nute, villous.--Ca/yx cup-shaped, five-toothed.—Petals five, lan-
ceolate, obtuse, mserted, with the stamina round the base of the
germ.— Fi/amenis shorter than the coro}, flat. Anthers sagittate,
—Germ oblong, pediceiled, one-celled, containing many ovula,
attached to two opposite, parietal receptacles. Style short and
thick.— Stigma. slightly two-lobed.—Capsule cblong, one-celled,
_two-valved.—<Sceeds several, affixed to the two parietal icceptacles.

Additional species by N.W.

2. 1. macrophylla, Wall.

Smooth. Leaves elliptic-ovate, acuminate, with hooked serrae
tures. Racemes axillary, fascicled, erect, equalling the leaves.

A native of the Khaseea mountains, near Pundooa, a frontier village
in the district of Szihet, where it was found in blossom in the month
of June by Mr. De Silva, who communicated beautiful specimens.

Beng. Uchuleeyaja (Baatarat).

A middling-sized tree, smooth on all its parts.— Branches round,
slender.—Leaves approximate, alternate, spreading, ovate ore liptic,
acuminate, strongly marked with incurved, hooked, unequal, cus=
pidate serratures, which become more remote at the rounded base;
coriaceous, smooth and shining underneath, with oblique, sub-oppoe

site nerves, running out to the margin, where they are much bent, and
Aaaz

420 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA‘ Tee

with most numerous, parallel, capillary, transversal veins, as in Ven-
tilago madraspatana ; from six to ten inches long.— Petiols about
an inch long, slenderish, furrowed above.—Stipules none.— Racemes
axillary, erect, slender, cylindric, three or four together in a faseicle,
rarely solitary, equalling the leaves in length, ebracteate, many-
flowered, sometimes with a branch or two at the base —Common
peduncle from half an inch to two inches long, pubescent and a Jittle
angular as is also the rachis.—Llowers numerous, approximate, two
or three fascicled, yellow, fragrant, equalling their pedicels ; the
latter are naked, sub-clavate, three lines long. stivation conical,
valvate.— Calyx very small, divided into five, somewhat remote, subu-
Yate lacini@.—Corolla pentapetalous, much longer than the calyx,
between and within the laciniz of which itis inserted ; petals linear-
Janceolate, acuminate, about three lines long, refiected upon the pe«
dicel, broadish at the base.— Stamina five, erect, equalling the petals
and alternating with them; f/aments subu ate, inserted below and
oppesite to the calycine lacinie; anthers ovate, erect, bilocular.—
Ovary sub-turbinate, semi-inferior, two-celled; that part which ig
above the bottom of the calyx is conical, divided by two opposite fure
rows so as to appear almost double, and surrounded by a fleshy, ob-
scurely five-lobed, convex disc ; the lower part is turbinate; ovula
numerous, imbricate, ascending, attached to the septum. Style ra-
ther shorter than the filaments, columnar, erect, obscurely ‘twos
furrowed. Stigma fleshy, capitate.—Fruit not seen—N. W.

8. 1.? fragrans, Walt.

Leaves opposite, cuneate-lanceolate, entire. Raceme terminal,
with tetrandrous, or pentandrous, sub-sessile flowers. Ovary inferior.

Native of the island of Singapore, where I found it in blossom in
October.

A branchy shrub, five or six feet high. Branches round, with
brownish, smooth bark, sub-opposite, while young villous.— Leaves
approximate, opposite, lanceolate, rather broader towards their upper
end, hence sub-cuneate, cuspidate-acuminate, most entire, attenu-

Dalrymplea. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 421

ated downwards, acute at the base, smooth, and shining above, with
a few scattered hairs underneath, nerves sub-transversal, curved, unit
ing in sub-marginal reticulate arches; three inches long — Petiol
short, round, villous, slightly furrowed.—Stipules none.— Spike ter-
minal, erect, cylindric, slender, longer than the leaves, measuring
four or five inches in length, villous on ail its parts, resting ona
short peduncle which, together with the rachis is villous, rather ane
-gular.—Flowers yellow, exquisitely fragrant, fascicled, generally tere
nate, approximate, sub-sessile, spreading, pubescent on the outside.
—Calyx very small, cup-shaped, with four or five, triangular, acute
teeth; supported by one or two linear bractiets.—Corolla with four
or five petals, infundibuliform; during estivation it is cylindric, ob-
scurely four-cornered, valvate; about four lines long; petals linear,
acute, conniving below, spreading irom the middle upwards, pube-
scent on both sides,—Stamina four or five, alternating with the petals
anda little shorter than they, erect; fi/aments fleshy, filiform, with a
few scattered hairs on the inner side; anthers erect, cblong, twoe
celled, at length slightly recurved.— Ovary inferior, ovate, very small,
villous, two-celled; ovula numerous attached to the partition, ad=
scending. Style columnar. Séigma broadish, truncate,

Obs. This is a very elegant, delightfully fragrant shrub, of the pros
per place of which | am very doubtful, not having seen the seed ves
sel. — Its inferior ovary is no obstacle to its belonging to the family
of Saxifrage@ of which Itea is a member; but | suspect that it be-
longs to a different genus.—N. W.

DALRYMPLEA, Roxb. Se.

Calyx five-leaved. Petals five, alternate with the stamina. Germ
superior, three-celled, cells many-seeded ; attachment of the ovula In-
ferior. Berry three-celled. Seeds few, nuciform. Embryo subingy
ferior, and fusnished with a perisperm.

In memory of the late Alexander Dalrymple, Esq. author of the
Oriental Repertory, &c.

422 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIAs Dalrymplea,

3. D. pomifera, KR. .

Juukz jam the vernacular name in Silhet where it is a native, and
grows to be a large tree. Flowering in March and the seed ripen-
ing in September and October. .

Young shoots rather succulent, round, and perfectly smooth,— Leaves
Opposite, unequally pinnate, some of them ternate; from ten to
twenty inches long. Leaflets three or four pair, and a terminal one,
the pairs opposite, all more or less petiolate, obleng, obtusely
serrate, acuminate, smooth, from five to six inches long, by two or
three broad.— Petioles and peizo/ets round, and smooth.— Panicles.
terminal, spreading much, more broad than long, primary branclies
decussate ; partial ones alternate with the small yellowish white
flowers, which are crowded round their extremities; every part
smooth.— Bractes to the primary branches of the panicle opposite,
as in the Muéiacea; the rest solitary under each division and
subedivision.— Ca/yx inferior, five-leaved ; leaflets rather wunequal
and oval,— Petals tive, oblorg, obtuse, spreading. Nectary aceta-
buliform.— Filaments five, alternate with the petals, and shorter
than they, imserted under the nectary. | Anthers ovate. Germ
superior, three-lobed, indeed almost separable, three-celled; ovula
about eight in each cell, widely attached to the axis. Style length of
the germ, three-grooved, Stigma three-lobed.— Berry drupaceous,
having the appearance of a pome, of a roundish, three-lobed form,
very fleshy, when ripe yellow, aud almost smooth, size of a large
medlar, three-celled.— Seeds several m each cell, shape various, the
most common roundish, reniform and considerably compressed, at-
tached to the partition. Jnfegument single, thick and of great hardness,
in fact a perfect nut, exterior surface browa and highly polished.
Perisperm conform to the seed.—Hmbryo obliquely inferior. Coéy-
fedons cordate, threeenerved. Radicle ova!, obliquely centrifugal,

Obs. by N. W,

J have found this tree, or one coming very near it, rather common
ge

+

in Nipal, both in the great valley and in the mountains in that vicie

Cedrela, PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 423

nity, flowering in April and May ; it grows also wild in the warmer
valiey of Noakote, attaining a height of sixteen to twenty feet, with
a moderately thick stem, covered with whitish soft and spungy bark.
The wood is light, of a dull grey colour, and not employed for any
specific purposes.— The leaves and flowers are somewhat smaller
than those of the Silhet tree; but otherwise they seem to agree. A
specific distinction may, perhaps, hereafter be established ; at pre-
sent 1 am not prepared to venture an opinion on this subject, The
Newar name is Phurasee and Jeegna.—N. W.

CEDRELA, Schreb. gen. N. 383.

Calyx five-toothed. Corol five-petalled. Capsules five-celled,
five-valved. Seeds several in each cell, winged and imbricated on
a pentagonal receptacle. Embryo inverse, perisperm scanty,

This genus is very nearly related to Swietenia, the chief marks of
distinction appear to me to be the number of stamina, viz, in Ce-
drela five, inserted on five nectarial glands which embrace the base
of the germ; in Swietenia ten, inserted into the mouth of a sub-
cylindrical nectarium, which embraces the whole of the pistillum.
In both the seed vessels, and seeds are very exactly alike,

1. C. Toona, R.

Panicles pendulous. Leaflets from six to twelve pairs, lanceo-
late, entire, acute.

Surenus, Rumph. amb. ui. 66. €. 39.

Sung. FA:, TYoouna TAR, Toonnuka, afa:, Koont, gta,

Tuo, ata, ‘Toonrka, amt, Toonee, aata:, Tooneeka, aq

~:

ZA, Nooveruka, R*:, Koochha, RRR, Koochhuka, Ata, Kans
tu, AWA, Kantuluka, aKa, Nundivriksha, aeH:, Nun-
duka, Bite, Apeeta, UTA, Patuka, eat, Duntee.

Beng. Yoon, ‘Vood. ms

494 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Cedrela.

This most elegant, large timber tree is now found common in
Bengal, probably brought thither orginally from the mountaimous parts
of the Northern, and North East frontier. Leaves deciduous dur«
ing the cold season, appearing again with the flowers in February,
Seed ripe in May and June.

Trunk erect, growing to 4 great size and height, though I have
only seen small trees about Calcutta. Bark smooth, grey. Bran-
ches numerous, forming a large, beautiful, shady head.— Leaves al.
ternate, abruptly pimnate, drooping, from tweive to eighteen inches
long. Leaflets from six to twelve pairs, opposite or nearly so, shorts
petiolated, obliquely lanceolate, the upper half broadest, and extend-
ing further down the petiolet than the lower; margins waved, smooth
on both sides, tapering to a long acute point; from two to six inches
Jong.— Fetioles and petiolets round and smooth.—Stopules none.—
Panicles terminal, nearly as long as the leaves, pendulous, composed
of numerous, diverging, compound ramifications, smooth in every
part.—Bractes minute, deciduous.— Flowers very numerous, small,
white, and possessing a fragrance like that of fresh honey,—Calyz fives
parted.— Petals five, oblong, with the margins ciliate, the apices in-
curved over the stamens, and keeled on the inside near the base.— Nec-
tary consisting of five, large, hairy, orange-coloured glands, sitting
round the lower half of the germ.— [/aments erect, inserted into the
centre of the five nectarial glands, rather shorter than the petals. Ane
thers bent im towards the stigma.—Germ superior, oblong, internal
structure and contents as in the capsule. Style length of the corol.
Stigma large, flat, composed of five lobes.—Capsules oblong, rather
larger than a field bean, smooth, five-celled, five-valved ; valvelets
opening from the apex and falling off with the seeds.— Seeds numerous,
imbricated, both the ends and the exterior side membrane-winged, afe
fixed to the upper end of the sharp ridges of the receptacle, &c. exe
actly as in Swietenia febrifuga, and Mahogani; See Gaert. carp. ii.
89. ¢t. 96.—Perisperm in very small quantity, and more like a fleshy
interior integument —Embryo verse. Cotyledons oval, three-nerv=

ed. Kadicle obliquely superiors

s

Canunium: - PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 428

The wood of this tree is much like mahogany, but lighter, consee
quently not so close in the grain. It is much used for furniture and
various other purposes. ‘The bark is a powerful astringent, and
though not bitter is a tolerable good substitute for Peruvian Bark ia
the cure of remitting and intermitting fevers; particularly when joins
ed with a small portion of the powdered seed of Cesalpinia bonduccel-
Ia, (Kutkuleg? of the Bengalees), which is a most powerful bitter.

Obs. by N. W.

In Nipal I have found this noble tree at Goukurna, and on Sheo-
_ pore, just above the temple at the foot of that mountain, called Bala-
Neelkuntha. It grows also at Noakote. Time of blossoming the
month of May.—The petzols and the new shoots are covered with co=
pious, glaucous, separable pubescence, ‘Lhe axils of the nerves are
excavated and villous on the under surface of the leaflets. The pa-
micles are shorter than the leaves and not pendulous. Stamina six 3
sometimes increased by a seventh barren filament, Ovary slightly
pubescent, five-celled ; ovu/a many, attached to the axis.—This may
perhaps prove a distinct species, though I doubt it; in that case i€
might be called C. herandra. Its wood is of a beautiful chocolate
colour, precisely like the common Toon so universa\ly employed for
chairs, tables, and cabinet furnituie.—C, Loong has been described in

Roths nov. spec. 162.—N. W.

CAMUNIUM, Rumph.

Calyx five-toothed. Petals five. Nectary globular, apex perfora-
ted, inside staminiferous. Germ superior, one-celled, from one to two
seeded; attachment of the ovuia superior.

1. C. chinense, Rumph. amb. v. 28. €. 18 f- 1.

An elegant shrub, most probably a native of China, at least it has
Bbb i

426 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA,. Aglaia?

been brought to the botanic garden at Calcutta from Canton, under
dhe name Sam-yeip-lan, where it blossoms during the hot season, and
the early part of the rains in June and July, but has not yet shown
any tendency to produce fruit.

Stem in our young, small plant trifling, but many branches and
branchlets rismg and spreading in every direction. Bark of the
old ligneous parts olive grey; ef the young shoots green, with their
very tender apices clothed with stellate ferruginous scales. — Leaves
alternate, petioled, ternate and unequally pinnate.— Leaflets rarely
more than five, the pairs opposite, and much smaller than the ter-
minal one, all oblong, but tapering most toward the base, smooth,
deep green, entire, obtuse ; from an inch and a half to four inches
Jong, and from half an inch to two inches broad.—Petiols some-
- what winged, and channelled.—Panicles, sometimes only racemes,
* axillary, solitary, shorter than the leaves.— Flowers minute, yellow,
faintly fragrant.— Bractes ovate, one embracing the insertion of each
pedicel. Calyx flat, five-toothed; teeth semilunar.— Petals five,
oval, concave, at all times pressing on the nectary, smooth, mueh
longer than the calyx. Nectary sub-globular, mouth contracted,
and slightly five-toothed.—Filaments scarcely any. Anthers five,
cordate, attached to the iectary near its base on the inside.—Germ
superior, oblong, hairy, one-celled, with one or two seeds, which
are attached to the top ofthe cell. Style none. Stigma large, co-
nical.

Obs. by N. W.

The following judicious observation on this charming shrub is exe
tracted from my dear departed friend Jack’s second botanical paper
contained in Malayan Misc, 1. 33.

“The Camunium sinense of Rumph, v. t. 18. f. 1, which is com-
mony met with in gardens in all the Malay Islands, is quite a distinct
genus from the other two Camuniums, and has been described by
Loureiro, in F}, Cochinch. 1, p. 773, under the name of Aglaia odorata.
It has a five-parted inferior calyx, and five-petalled corolla, The

Ajlaia ?’. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, ! 427

stamina are five in number, and are inserted in the manner of the
Meliace@ on the inside of an ovate nectarial tube, which is contract-
ed at the mouth, and conceals the anthers. The stigma is large,
sessile, simple as far as I have observed, not double as stated by
Loureiro. The ovary appears to be one-celled, and to contain two
‘pendulous ovula. It rarely ripens its fruit in these Islands, but ac-
cording to Loureiro it bears a small, red, one-seeded berry. The
flowers are very small, vellow and fragrant, in small axillary panicles.
—In the Hortus Bengalensis, p. 18. this plant is specified under
the name of Camunium sinense after Rumphius. The Murraya
paniculata above described is the true Kamuning of the Malays, and
the name C. sinense ts only applied by Rumphius in the manner
of the older botanical authors, as one of comparison and resem<
blance for want of a better of native origin; if therefore the generic
name Camunium is to be adopted at all, it ought to be applied to
the plant to which it really belongs, and cannot be admitted for one
of a different family, not indigenous to the Malay Islands. On this
account Loureiro’s name is tc be preferred.” —-N. W.

Additional species by N. W.

@ Aglaia ? decandra, Wail.
Arboreous. Leaves pinnate, with as far-as six pairs of oblong, acus
minate leaflets, with semi-cuneate base. Panicles axillary, pube-

scent, equalling the leaves in length, consisting of long, simple racemes,
of globular, long-peduncled, decandrous flowers, Fruit five-seeded.

I have found it rather sparingly on Nag Urjoon and Sheopore ia
Nipal, flowering in May, and with unripe fruit in July.

A very large spreading tree, with a thick trunk, covered with pretty
smooth, grey bark.— Branches thick, round, marked with vestiges of
the insertion of the fallen leaves, greyish, callous, dotted, pubescent,
while young villous, as are also the leaves. Leaves alternate, ape

proximate, spreading, about a foot long, pinnate with an odd leaflet,
Bib2

428 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Aglaia?

seldom terminating abruptly. Common petiol two or three inches long,

-Swelled at the base, obscurely angular above, as well as the thickish,

rounded rachis clothed with copious, soft pubescence. Leaflets mem

branous, opposite, from four to six pairs, oblong, attenuato-acuminate,
unequal at the base, one side being shorter and acute, the other round-

ed and broader, on very short villous petiols; entire, slightly waved,
pubescent on both sides, with a few transparent dots, shining above,
pallid underneath ; nerves alternate, sub-transversal, arcuate towards
the margin and slightly reticulate ; the outermost pair from six to
eight inches long, the rest gradually decreasing, the lowermost ovate,
scarcely above two inches long —S/ipules none.—Panicles axillary
towards the ends of the branchlets, oblong, equalling the leaves
in length, naked, pubescent, consisting of numerous, simple, alter-
nate, slender, cylindric racemes, about six inches long, of numerous,
gicbular, yellow, fragrant, perfectly smooth flowers, which scarcely
exceed a pepper-corn in size. Peduncle round, as long as the pe=
tiol; rachis. slender; pedicels half an inch long, clavate, supported
by a small, fleshy, subulate bract/eé, and bearing one or two others
about their middle-—Calyx flat, very small, deeply divided into five
obtuse, gland-ciliate,. ovate segments,—Petals five, much larger
than the calyx, imbricate, conniving over the nectary, round, obtuse,
fleshy, concave, sessile, their sides a little unequal, becoming some-
what spreading after impregnation has taken place. Necfary fleshy,
yellow, globular, a little shorter than the corolla, antheriferous
within, its base almost entire under the ovary, the mouth contracted
but pervious, obtusely five-toothed. Anthers ten, sessile, concealed
avithin the nectary, fleshy, ovate, longitudinally two-celied, erect, obs
tuse ; five of them more elevated, inserted into the base of the crena®
‘tures ; the other five attached to five small tubercles in the lower part
of the nectary, alternating with the upper row.—Ovary fleshy, small,
supported by the nectary, roundish, from three- to five-celled, cells

-onesseeded 3 ovulum attached to the axis. Style none. Stigma fleshy,
alittle below the mouth of the nectary, four or five-cornered.—I have

only seen the unripe fruit, which is disposed in pendulous racemes, and

aglaia? PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA: 429

seems to indicate a drupaceous berry. It is smooth, fleshy, of an obovate
figure, about as large as acherry, five-furrowed, obscurely five-lobed,
retuse at the apex and marked witb the rudiment of a minute, sessile,
stellate stigma; base cuneate, supported by the almost unaltered calyx ;
five-celled, five-seeded. Seed oblong, attached to the middle of the
axis, completely enveloped in a fleshy arillus.—The external integu-
ment brown, very thick becoming perhaps bony, smooth and shining,
marked on the inner side, or that opposite the axis of the fruit, with
a sharp, longitudinal raphe, running from one extremity of the seed
to the other.— Inner integument soft, becoming probably membra-
nous, ‘There seems to be no pertsperm present ; the cotyledons are
large and fleshy and the radicle minute, and superior.

Obs. This is an extremely beautiful tree, especially when in flower,
when it perfumes the air with an exquisite fragrance, very like that of
Aglaia odorata, but stronger. ‘The wood is grey and not clos¢-grain.
ed, nor is it used by the natives. The structure of the flowers differs
only from that of the above species in being decandrous; the fruit is
decidedly five-seeded. I have not had any opportunity of examining
the laiter in a ripe state, and have therefore preferred placing the tree
here, to forming it into a new genus. Should it prove the latter, the
name which I originally gave to it, Sphaerosacme, might be adopted.—
Roxburgh’s Milnea is exceedingly like the above two plants, and
they al, belong to the family of Meliacez.—N. W.

3. A.? polystachya, Wall.

Arboreous. Leaves pinnate, with a few pairs of oblong acuminate,
leaflets, with unequal base. Panicles axillary, smooth, shorter than
the leaves, consisting of numerous, long, simple racemes, of ovate,
sub-sessile, pentandrous flowers.

A native of Silhet and from thence communicated by Mr. De
Silva; blossoming during the rains,

Beng. Bandoor-pala (atta).

A large forest tree. Brunches round, thick, covered with small
callous dots, pukesceut while young; all the tender parts covered

430 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Mitnea.

with glaucous tomentum.— Leaves as in the last tree, but larger, of a

more leathery texture and quite smooth, as are also the petiol and

rachis ; the former of these is marked above with an elevated line.

Panicles ample, one-third shorter than the leaves, smooth; racemes
very long, Slender, many-flowered. Pedicels exceedively short, sup=

ported by a minute, divergent bractlet.—Flowers pale-yellowish, |
ovate, smaller than of the preceding, but much larger than those of
Roxburgh’s Milnea edulis.—Anthers five, very large, entirely filling

the cavity of the crenate nectary and inserted to its base.—Ovwary
very small. Séegma sessile.

~ Obs. Not having seen the fruit I am unable to decide on its proe
per genus ; but it seems evidently to be cognate with the last describ-

ed tree. —N. W.

MILNEA, Roxb.

Calyx five-parted. Petals five. Nactary urceolate, with the
five anthers round its inside. Germ three-celled, cells from one- to
two-seeded, attachment centripetal, no perisperm. \
~ In honour of Colin Milne, LL. D. author of a botanical Diction-
ary, Institutes of botany, and other works.

1. M. edulis, R.

A tree of middling size, a native of the Garrow hills and of the
Silhet district, where it is called Gumi by the natives, who eat the
Jarge succulent aril which surrounds the seed under the cortex of the
‘berry. Flowering time June and July. The fruit ripens two or
three months afterwards. |

Young shoots densely clothed with dark brown down, when more
advanced smooth.— Leaves alternate, unequally-pinnate, from six
to twelve inches long. Leaflets from three tu six pair, sub-opposite,
petiolate, lanceolate, entire, smooth but not lucid, obtusely-acumi-«
nate, from three to six inches long, by one or two broad.—Stzpules
“none.—Petioles cylindric, somewhat villous—Panicles one from

Elgodendrum. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 431

each of the lower axils, nearly as long as the leaves, very ramous and
spreading; like the young shoots very downy.— Flowers numerous,
minute, caducous.—Bractes very minute, caducous.—Calyx five.
parted, small, downy on the outside; segments rounded.—- Petals five,
oval, concave. Nectary urceolate, rather shorter than the petals,
mouth five-toothed.—Filaments five, very short, inserted on the in-
side of the bottom of the belly of the nectary. Anthers saggittate,
and completely hid in the nectary.—Germ semi-superior, three-celled;
cells with one or two ovula attached to the axis. Style short and
thick. Stigma turbinate, truncate, six-grooved.—- Berry round.oval,
rather more than an inch in diameter, three-celled, containing sel-
dom more than one fertile seed, most of the ovula being in general
abortive. Corter firm, rather dry, covered with a rough, brownish
grey mealiness.—Seed solitary, oval, inserted in a complete thick,
Aleshy, lucid, edible aril, like that of the Lichee of China. Integu-
ment single, brown, adhering more firmly to the aril than the seed.
—Perisperm none.— Embryo transverse, Cotyledons conform to the
seed, equal with the surface, furrowed. Corcudum transverse, hairy.
Radicle short, pointing to the umbilicus,

Obs. by N. W.

In the Hon. Company’s botanic garden it blossoms in the rainy
season, but has as yet not produced fruit. ‘The leaflets attain some-
times nine or ten inches in length and are marked with minute pele
lucid dots. The panicles are supra-decomposite, beset with copious,
loosely adhering, stellate tomentum.—N. W.

ELZODENDRUM, Schreb. gen. N. 385,

Corol five-petalled. Germ two-celled, two-seeded ; attachment
inferior. Drupe superior, oval. Nut two-celled. Embryo erect,

without perisperm.

432 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIAS ‘Eleodendrum.

1. E. elaucum, Persoon. Synops. ii. 241. Roxb. Corom. ii. 2.
Leaves opposite, oblong, serrate. Panicles axillary, dichotom-
aus. Drupes spherical.
Schrebera albens, Willd. spec. i. 1092.
Celastrus glaucus, Vahl. symb. ii. 42.
Mangifera glauca, Rotth. in Nov. Act. Haon. ii. 534. t. 4. f. 1.
A middle-sized, or rather small tree, native of various parts of
india. From Ceylon it was received into the botanic garden at
Calcutta, under the name Ceylon tea; its leaves are like those of
that plant but much longer; their taste slightly bitter and astrin=
gent. It flowersin May; the seeds ripen in September and October.
Trunk straight. Bark in young trees, smooth, and olive-colour-
ed. Branches numerous, spreading in every direction, and forme
ing a very dense, oval head; young shoots round, and smooth.—
Leaves opposite, short-petioled, cblong, and cuneate-obiong, somes
times very acutely, and sometimes obtusely serrate; texture hard,
with both surfaces polished, the upper shining ; apex rather obtuse,
and always bent down, from three to four inches long, and about two
broad.— Stzpules a minute-scale on each side of the inside of the base
ef each short, polished petiole.—Panicles axillary, shorter than the
leaves ; all its divisions dichotomous and divaricate.— Flowers pedi-
celled, simall, greenish yellow.— Graces small, oblong, from one to
three, at the base of each pedicel, and at the divisions of the pa-
nicle.— Calyx of five, semewhat unequal, round, concave, caducous
leaflets. Petals tive, expanding, linear-oblong, sessile.— Nectary
a greeu, pentagonal, fleshy, scalloped gland, in which a great part
of the germ is immersed.—Filaments five, inserted on the nectary, -
scarcely half the length of the petals ; at first nearly erect, but by age
becoming so much revolute as to bring the roundish, two-lobed an-
thers under the calyx.— Gera superior, immersed in the very large,
green, fleshy nectary, two-celled, with two ovula in each, attached to
the bottom of their cells. Style short, conic. Stigma simple, ob-
tuse.—Drupe nearly round, size of a large cherry, smooth, pulpy,
when ripe olive-coloured, one-celled. Nué oval, rather more acéte

¥

Bangifera. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 433
at the apex than at the base, a little rugose, with two grooves on the
opposite sides; uncommonly thick, and hard ; two-celled, though one
‘is often abortive, Seed solitary, very rarely two, oblong, more convex
on the inside. Integument ; there seem two, rather spongy.— Peri-
sperm none.—Embryo erect. Cotyledons conform to the seed, amyg-
daline. Plumula minute, two-lobed. Radicle oval, inferior, and

lodged close to the umbilicus.

9, E. indicum, Gaert. carp. 1. 274. t. 57.

Arboreous. Leaves opposite, obovate-oblong, obtuse, remotely
serrulate. Panicles axillary, small, dichotomous. Drupe and nut ob-
long.

Rubentia, Jussieu. Genera. plant, 416.

A middling-sized tree, a native of the Mauritius, where it is call.
ed Bois d’ Olive. Flowers in May and June, and the seeds ripen in

October.
Obs. by N. W.

This is E. orientale, Jacqu. ic. rar. i. t. 48.—It was introduced
in 1813 from the Mauritius into the Hon. Company’s botanic gar-
den at Calcutta, where it blossomed for the first time in April 1820,
and has continued ever since doing so in the hot season. The !eaves
vary much according to the ageand station of the tree, and even the age
of the branch, from linear, acuminate, to broad-oval, or sub-oboyate,
obtuse, which latter form they have op young luxuriant shoots, and
then they are very lucid and marked with gland-cuspidate small
serratures. ‘The inflorescence nearly like that of the first species,
—_N. W.

MANGIFERA, Schreb. gen. N. 387.

Calyx five-leaved, or five-parted. Corol from four- to five-petalled:

Germ one-celled, ovulum single, attachment lateral. Drupe superior,
reniform, Embryo sub-erect, without perisperm,
Cce™

A8£ PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Mangifera.

1. M. oppositifolia, R.

Leaves opposite, lanceolar, acuminate. Panicles terminal. Sfa-
mina from four to five, all fertile.

Meriam, the vernacular name at Rangoon in Burma, where the tree
is indigenous, and grows to the general size of a small apple tree in
England. The wood is somewhat red, hard, close-grained, and said
to be very durable. Flowering time the month of March, fruit ripe
in Juneand July.

Branches and branchlets smooth and green.—Leaves opposite,
short-petio'ed, lanceolar, polished, obtusely acuminate; from four
to six inches long, and from one to two broad.—Stipu/es none, but
the scales of the bud remain for some time at the base of the young
shoots.— Panicles generally terminal, shorter than the leaves, oblong,
rather dense ; ramifications opposite, smooth in every part.— Bractes
ovate, acute, caducous.— flowers numerous, minute, pale-yellow.—

Calyx from four.to five-parted, segments rounded.— Petals four or
five, oblong, a keel down the middie on the inside.— Filaments four

or five, short, alternate with the petals. Anthers ovate with an ob-
tuse point—Germ obliquely ovate, one-celled, and containing one
ovulum attached to the side of the cell, under the perforation of the
stigma. Siyle scarcely any. Stigma of three, very unequal lobes, one
of which is much more elevated and much !arger; between it and
the lower and smaller lobes, the channel may be traced.— Drupe
sub-ovate, a little compressed, smooth, pale-yellow, the size of a small
pullet’s egg, one-celled, like the mango the pulp is yellow, and univers
sally eaten in Burma.— Nut oblong, &ic. in every respect like that of
the common mango, but much smaller, thin, and of a soft texture,
easily cut, fibrous on the outside, smooth on the inside, chesnut-colour-
ed, one-celled, evalvular.—Sceed solitary, conform to the nut, Integu-
ment no other than the nut could be observed. Perisperm none.—
Embryo erect. Cotyledons conform to the seed, oblong, fleshy. Plu-
mula pointed, curved up, two-lobed. Radicle inferior, conic, trans-
verse,

Mangifere, PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIAs 425

Obs, by N. W.

_ This is a tree of extremely slow growth; at least it has proved it.
self such in the Hon, Company’s botanic garden, where it was intro-
duced fourteen years ago and has not reached ten feet in height ; nor
has it yet flowered (1823).—N, Ww.

2. M. indica, Willd. spec. 1.1150, Vahl. en. pl. i, 7. Corom. pl.
Leaves lanceolate, Panicles terminal. Flowers with one fertile

stamen.

Mao, du. Mau, vel. Mangas, Rheed. mal. iv. 1. t. 1. 2.

Manga domestica, Rumph. amb.i. 93. t. 25.

Sung. STG, Amra, @EAIL!, Suhukara, aa, Choota, carTa:,
Rusala. ‘

* Var. 1. RTATH!, Kamanga, AYSA, Mudhoodoota, ATH,
Makunda, faaaae:, Pikuvullubha, @TALE:, Kamushura, RTA
Faey:, Kamuvullubha, fate: Kireesta, AYIA, Madhuvu-
drooma, wsrTats:, Bhringabheesta, agce:, Seedhoorusds
wala, Mudhoolzn, Rilwarera:, Kokzlotsuva, FATE A,
Vusuntudoota, saame:, Umluphula, Arete» Modakhya, Aw
giay:, Munmuthaluya, Aeatare:, Mudhwavasa, FAA, Soo-
muduna, fFaTs:, Priyava, RUAATATS:, Kokilayasa, TaRETH:,
Pikuraga, Batya, Nripupriya.

2. TTKTH!, Rajamra, TTHHS?, Rajuphula, ACTH?, Smuramra,
KARAT, Kokzlotsuva, AYx, Mudhoora, HIRATA,
Kokilananda, RAS, Kamesta, Zuqaqet?, Nripuvullubha. Vulg.
<TaAeqI, Rajamba, the royal mango.

5. ASILIAUe:, Muharajuchoota, FRITH, Muharajamru-
ka, aay, Sthoolamra, AATQWTa?, Munmuthabasa, ¥:, Tun.

* The Sungskrit writers mention five sorts of mangos, one of which is probably M. syle
Vativa, under which the names are given; the other varieties of M, indica are inserted above.
Ceck

436 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Mangifera,

ka, ataatuaa:, Neclukupztthuka, ALATA T:, Kamayoodha,
AAA, Kamuphula, CBF, Rajupoottra, SUTata:, Nripat-
muja, HSTIAMA:, Muharajuphule, ala:, Kama, HSlqa,
Muhachoota. Vulg. AStatsatey, Muharajamba, theimperial mango.

4 aszcara, Vuhoorusala, GATUF ; Chukralootamra, Atte,
Mudhwamra, Bleansa:, Usitujamruka, AUsA:, Vunymjya,
aagqae:, Munmuthanunda, AAW, Mudunechhaphula.
Vulg ABCATTA STA, Vuhoorusaloo muharajamboo, the deli-
cious imperial mango.

Beng. Am.

English. Mango.

Telinga. Mamadi-chztoo.

Tam. Mangas marum.

Of this tree, though one of the most common in India, I have not
yet met with any description which deserves the name.

It is universally cultivated all over India, and all the warmer parts
of Asia. Is generally raised from seed, though sometimes by layers,
or grafting by approach, which are the only methods of certainly cons
tinuing a good sort, probably of improving them. The stones must
be sown soon after they are taken from the fruit, otherwise they do
not vegetate, but there is no depending on the quality of the fruit so
yaised. ‘The seed of a very superior sort will produce fruit of a bad
kind ; and vice versa, hence such an infinite variety. Colonel Kydin
Bengal, and Dr. Anderson at Madras, have lately begun to graft by
approach; which will no doubt be a means of improving this excel-
Jent fruit. Flowering time January, February, and March; the fruit
is ripe in May, June, and July.

The tree grows to be of a very great size, with an erect trunk,
covered with dark-coloured, scabrous, cracked bark ; (large old trees
of from ten to fifteen feet in circumference are meant.*) Branches
very numerous, the lower ones spreading horizontally toa great extent,

* A crove of that size is befere my door, and a most noble aight it is,

Mangifera. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA: 437

the upper ones gradually ascending till they become nearly evect in the
centre.— Leaves alternate, petioled,about the extremities of the young
shoots, approximated, reclined, lanceolar, entire, often a little waved
at the margins, firm, smooth, shining ; generally from six to twelve
inches long, and from two to three broad.—Petiols round, smooth,
from one to two inches long, thickish at the base.— Stipules none.—
Panicles terminal, large, erect, or ascending, rigid, a little downy, often
tinged with red.—Pedicels short, thick, rigid.—Bractes oval, concave,
a little downy.— FJowers small, yellow, with some stripes of red near
the base of the petals, many perfect male flowers are often found mixed
with the hermaphrodite ones throughout the panicle.— Calyz five-leav-
ed ; /eajlets oblong, concave.— Petals five, lanceolate, spreading, twice
the length of the calyx.—Nectary five, large, yellow, fleshy bodies
surrounding the base of the germ, forming as it were, an excavated,
five-lubed receptacle for it to sit in, each of the lobes as large as the
germ itselfi—Ii/ament single, subulate, ascending, half the length of
the petals, inserted between the lower lobe of the nectary and the germ.
Anther oval, purple. Besides these there are generally two, three,
four, or more, very minute, sterile filament-like bodies, issuing from
the apices of the lobes of the nectary—Germ obliquely oval, ones
celled, and containing a single ovulum, attached to the side of the cell,
opposite to the fertile stamen, and under the style-—Style from the
side of the germ, length of the stamen, subulate, declining, so as to
bring the stigma which is small, and incurved nearly to touch the
anther.— Drupe obliquely oblong, or kidney-formed, also a little come
pressed like a kidney, fleshy, smooth, when ripe yellow, size various,
but in general about as large as a goose ege.— Nut conform to the
drupe, but more compressed, woody, one-celled, two-valved, covered
on the outside with many fibrous filaments, particularly on the worst
sorts.

It is by no means necessary for me to mention that the ripe fruit
of this tree, (when of a good sort,) is universally eaten, and esteemed
the best fruit in India. Jellies, preserves, tarts, pickles, Xc, are made
of them before ripe.

4 33 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Mangifera.

The kernels are large, and seem to contain much nourishment,
however they are made no use off, except during times of scarcity
and famine, they are then boiled in the steam of water, and used as
an article of diet.

The wood is of a dull grey colour, porous, yet pretty durable if
kept dry, but soon decays if exposed to wet. In very large old trees
it acquires alight chocolate colour towards the centre of the trunk,
and larger branches. This is hard, closer grained, and much more
durable.

From wounds made in the bark, there issues a soft, reddish, brow
gum resin, which age hardens, and renders exceedingly like Bdellium.
Maid on the point of a knife and held in the flame of acandle, it
readily melts, catches flame, and burns with a cracking weise;
emitting a smell exceedingly like that of Cashew nuts when roasting.
It softens in the mouth, and adheres to the teeth. Its taste is slights
ly bitter with some degree of pungency. It dissolves almost entire:
Jy in spirits, and in a great measure in water, both solutions are
milky with a small tinge of brown.

Obs. by N.W.

The mango does not succeed in the great valley of Nipal; but at
Noakote it thrives well and produces tolerably good fruit, 1 met
“with a tree, growing seemingly wild near Hetounra, on the banks of
the Kerra or Karrara rivulet, which I take to be the common mane
so, It was not in flower.—N. W.

3. M. sylvatica, R.
Leaves alternate, lanceolar, glossy. Panicles terminal. Flowers
monandrous. Drupe obliquely conic, with the pointed apex turned

one side.

Sung. BINT: Koshamra, THe, Ghunuskundha, qatq,
Vunamra, BAUIEUe, Juntoopadupa, ats’, ASshoodramra,
Tala, Ruktamla, AWS, Lakshavriksha, FLAT, Sooruke
tuka. Vule. apztarqer, Jhureeamra,

Mangifera. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNI4. 439
¥

Lukshmee am, the vernacular name in Silhet; on the mountains ad.
joining to that district it grows to be a tall tree of great size. Flows
ering time October; the fruit ripens in February and March, and is
eaten by the natives, though by no means so palatable ay evena bad
domestic mango, they also dry them and keep them for medicinal pur-
poses.

Leaves as in the common cultivated sorts, alternate, petioled, lan-
ceolar, entire and smooth; from six to eight inches long, by one
and half or two broad.—Panicles terminal, much larger than in the
domestic sorts, and with the pumerous ramifications more erect and
slender.— Flowers very numerous, small, white, with a faint shade
of pink; they are more completely monandrous than any-of the cul-
tivated sorts.—Calyzx five-leaved, many times shorter than the corels,
— Petals five, linear, spreading, and finally becoming somewhat twiste
ed and revolute.—Nectary a short, solid, turbinate, slightly groove
ed, villous receptacle for the germ to rest on. In the domestic sorts
}t is composed of five distinct glands, which embrace the base of the
germ.— Filament single, inserted into the pot of the nectary, incurve
ed, length of the pistillum. Anther oval. Germ elevated on the
above-mentioned nectary or receptacle, unequally oval, smooth,
one-celled ; ovulum single, attached to that side of the cell frem whence
the style rises, and most remote from the stamina. Style subulate,
length of the filament, incurved, after fecundation recurved. Stigma
simple, acute.—Drupe ovate, obliquely acuminate, smooth, when
ripe yellow, like the common mango and nearly as large, one-celled,
Nut oblong, less fibrous than in the common sorts, and also less firm,
with an even surface.—Seeds solitary, conform to the nut. Integu-
ment single,—Perisperm none.— Embryo between erect and trans-
verse. Cotyledons equal, conform to the seed. Radicle lodged be«
tween the cotyledons on one side of their base, pointing out, and ra-
ther upward.

446 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA; Mang ifera,

Additional species by N. VW.
4. M. quadrifida, Mss. Jack.

“« Leaves lanceolate with attenuate base. Panicles loose, axillary.
Flowers quadrifid, monandrous. Petals glandular at the middle. —

iflalay. Assam Kumbong. ‘

Sumatra and other islands of the eastern Archipelago.

a loftier tree than the common Mango, with a straighter trunk,
and more compact foliage. Leaves alternate, long-petioied, lanceo-
late, acute, attenuated to the base, very entire, smooth, coriaceous
and flat. Petiods roundish, somewhat thickened at the base, Stj-
pules none. - Panicles lax, open and spreading, axillary, crowded at
the summits of the branches. From two to four panicles generally
come out just below the thick termination of the branch, each
supported by a leaf, Sometimes there are other panicles below
these from the axils of the lower leaves, Flowers smal] and white;
racts small, deciduous. Calyx four-leaved, somewhat reflex,
Corolla white, four-petailed, spreading, after flowering conniving,
petals ovate-lanceolate, acute, furnished in the middle with an ire-
gular, yellow, glandular rest. Nectary of four, round, fleshy lobes
united into a cup-like receptacle, on which the germen is situated,
Stamina inserted on the lobes of the nectarium, not within them
as in the M. Indica. One fertile, as long as the corolla, sterile fila-
ments very short. Germen oblique. Séyle declinate, as long as the
stamen. J7u2é roundish, becoming very dark-coloured, containing
an ovate rent,

‘There are generally some male flowers in the panicle, and rarely
a flower occurs with a small superfluous fifth petal placed within the
rest.—W. Jack.

5. M. foetida, Loureir.

Leaves firm, broad-!anceolate. Panicles terminal, ascending,
lengthened, smooth. Flowers sub-monandrous. Corols infundi-
buliform ; /imb spreading, at length reflexed.—Mss. Jack.

Harpuliia. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 441

Manga foetida, Rumph. Amb. i. 98. t. 28.

Malay. Bachong.

A native of Pinang, Sumatra, &c.

A larger tree than the common mango. Leaves very firm and rigid.
Panicles large and red-coloured. Stamina inserted on the lobes of
the nectarlum, one, sometimes two fertile. Fruit very foetid, eaten
by the Malays.’”—W. Jack,

Obs. by N. W.

This tree is very common at Pinang. It has larger flowers than any
of the other species and may at once be recognised by that character.

—N. W.

6. M. caesiu, Jack.
Leaves rigid, broadslanceolate, attenuate at the base. Panicles ter-

minal, erect, tomentose, glaucous. Flowers monandrous. Petals erect,
Fruit oblonz.—Mss. Jack.

Malay. Binjaee,

Sumatra.

A large tree. Branches rough with the vestiges of the fallen leaves.
Leaves fifteen or sixteen inches long, alternate, petiolate, broad-lan-
ceolate, acuminate, tapering to the base and decurrent on the peti-
ole, very entire, smooth, thick and rigid, strongly nerved, the middle
rib flattened. Petioles short. Panicle large, erect, terminal, finely
tomentose, of a glaucous reddish-colour, bracts small. Calyz erect,
slightly tomentose. Corolla erect, purpie within, paler without. Nec
tary small, slightly lobed. Stamina on the nectary, one fertile Style
oblique. Fruit oblong-vbovate, of a reddish white coiour.’—W. Jacke

HARPULLIA, RP.

Calyx five-leaved. Corod five-petalled, alternate with the stamina,

Germ two-celled, eclls oncescedeas attachment of the ovula sub-sue
Daa

442 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Harpullia.

perior. Capsules two-celled. Seed solitary, arilled. Embryo with
incumbent cotyledons, and Jateral radicle without a perisperm.

1. 1. cupanioides, R.

Harpuli the vernacular name at Chittagong.

A small tree; a native of the hilly parts near Chitfagowg, it flowers
iv April; and the fruit ripens in July.

Trunk sivaight. Branches few, and tending to be erect also; bark
ash-coloured; young shoots sinooth.— Leaves alternate, abiuptly pin-
nate, from twelve to eigtiteen inches long. Leaftets from four to six
pair, short-petiolate, from alternate to opposite, from ovate below to
Janceolar above ; all are entire, and smooth on both sides; apex con-—
siderably pointed ; from three to six inches long, by one or two broad.
—Fetioles round and smooth.— Panicles axillary, solitary, erect, thin
of branches, and shorter than the leaves.—Lowe7s small pale yellow.
— Bractes subulate.—Calyzx inferior, five-leaved, permanent; leaflets
oval.— Petals five, lanceolate, obtuse, spreading, becoming recurved.
— Filaments five, alternate with the petals, and much shorter. An-
thers oblong.— Germ ovate, hairy, somewhat two-lobed, two-celled,
with otie pendulous ovulam i each attached to the upper end of the
partition. Style short. Stigma two-lobed ; lubes reflex, adnate,
Capsules pendulous, orbicular, two-lobed, considerably compressed,
villous, two-celled, two-valved, opening all round. Partition oppos-
ed to the valves. ‘The whole very exactly resembling the capsule of
Gelonium cupanioides, Gaert. carp. i. 271. t. 189.— Seed solitary,
semi-oval ; ‘he inner side being straight, ie exterior rounded, arilled.
Integument single, rather thin, smooth, chesnut coiour, Arid deep
orange, covering the whole seed from the base except tlie avex.— Pe-
risperm none.— Embryo green. Cotyledons two, conform to the seed,
incumbent, their line of separation being nearly through the middle
of the seed, which makes them equal. Radicle on the exterior or
convex side of the seed, apex rather acute, and turned up into asmall
hollow in the uppermost cotyledons, so that it points to the apex of

Harpullia. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 443

the seed. After it has lengthened a little by the progress of vegeta-
tion, the twoelobed plumula is very conspicuous.

Obs. by N. W.

It was introduced into the Hon. Company’s botanic garden at
Calcutta by Mr. J. Roxburgh, in 1810, and has since grown to bea
very elegant tree, of about thirty feet in height, with a rather slender
trunk. It blossoms in the hot and rainy seasons. The young shoots
as well as the petiols are of a pale glaucous-green colour, a little fur=
furaceous ; while quite tender the former are covered with dense

ferruyinous down. Leaflets elegantly pendulous, somewhat waved,

slightly folded, as far as ten inches Jong, gradually decreasing down-
wards. Base of the petiol remarkably thick and ventricose; apex
furnished with a small subulate, ferrugincus, downy, deciduous pro=
cess, Partial petiols about one-third of an inch long, cylindric, with
anarrow channel above, Stipules none. Panicles oblong, lengthened
and slender, at first erect, afterwards nodding in au elegant manner,
from fourteen to sixteen inches long; peduncle round, slender, slightly
enlarged at the base, which is inserted on the branch a little above the
axilla; ils branches short, alternate, remote, bearing a few roundish
short-pedicellate flowers. Byractes linear-lauceoiate, half an iach
long, foliaeeous, pubescent ; those under the flowers linear-subulate,
covered with soft, pa.e, ferruginous down, as are alse the pedicels
and calyces; they are all deciduous, istzvation globular, imbri-
cate,—Ca/ycine segments very obtuse, unequal: the outer three bee
ing sather larger. Corolla smooth, white, sub-infundibuliform, a
little longer than the calyx, with a short tube and recurved limb.
Petals obscureiy unguiculate, alternating with the calycine laciniz,
sub-retuse. Fi/aments subulate, somewhat sunk into the flat, fleshy,
villous, faveolate disc, which occupies the bottom of the flower; aus
thers erect, fleshy, with two longitudinal cells.

This genus belongs most probably to the far.ily of Sapindacea,

and as has been remarked by Roxburgh comes very near to Gelonium
Ddd2

———

ee

A44 é PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Neerija.

of Gaertner and Aubert du Petit. Thouars, humorously called Ting
by Dr. Schultes in systema veget. v. p. xxxil. in imitation of Quis-
qualis of Rumphius, (vot of Linneus, as stated in that most valuable
work).—N. W.

NEERIJA, R.

Calyx five-leaved. Corol five-petalled. Style simple. Berry

superlor, one- or two-seeded.

J. N. dichotoma, R.

Telinga. Neerija.

A middling-sized tree, a native of the mountains of Coromandele.
Flowers about the beginning of the hot season.

Trunk erect. Bark vust-coloured, scabrous. Branches numerous,
spreading in every direction. Branchleis opposite, reund and smooth,
— Leaves opposite and alternate, petiolate, oval and oblong, seriato-
crenate, smooth; about four inches long, and two broad ; texture
hard.— Petioles round, three-quarters of an inch long. — Panicles
axillary, globular, thin, throughout dichotomous, with the divisions
standing at right angles—Peduncles three times the length of the
petiols, round, smooth.— Flowers small, yellow, not very numerous.
—Calyx five-leaved ; leaflets orbicular, unequal, caducous.— Petals
five, oblong, spreading.—Neciary a large, fleshy, pentagonal ring
surrounding the base of the germ, into 1is angles the filaments are ine
serted.— Filaments five, shorter than the petals, spreading.— Anthers
two-lobed.— Germ superior, conical. Style shorter than the stas
mens, thick. Sizgma simple.— Berry oblong, succulent, red, smooth,
one-celled.— Seeds one, or two.

Is nearly allied to Eleodendrum glaucum in habit, but in that the
drupe with a single, very thick, hard nut will alone be sufficient te
distinguish them.

Vareca. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 44%

The fresh bark of the root, rubbed with plain water, is by the
natives applied externally to remove almost every sort of sw elling.

It is a very strong astringent, possessing scarcely any other sensible
quality.
VARECA, Gaert.

Calyx five-leaved, or five-parted. Corol five-petalled. Gerne
superior, one-celled; ovu/a numerous, their attachment parietal.
Berry one-celled. Sceds a few, inserted on the three parietai receps
tacles. .

1. V. moluccana, R.

Leaves alternate, lanceolar. Peduncles axillary, many-flowered.
Filameits free.

A +mail tree, from fifteen to twenty feet in height, a native of the
Molucca islands, and from thence introduced into the botanic gare
den ai Calcutta, in 1798, where it blossoms in October and Novem-
ber, and again in March, April, and May ; but has not yet, though now
fourteen years in Bengal, produced even well-formed fruit, so that
the genus is still doubtful.

Trunk erect. Branches numerous, between erect and patent.
Bark; of the old parts smooth, and asli-coloured ; of the young shoots
with a little, shart, ferruginous pubescence.-— Leaves alternate, about
the end of the branchlet, short-petioled, lanceolar, entire, waved,
acute, smooth, and glossy above; from four to twelve inches long,
and from one to four broad.— Stipules none.— Pedunceles axillary, so-
litary, about an inch long, manysflowered, villous.—F lowers middle-
sized, white, modorous, pedicelled.— Bractes small, caducous,—Ca-
dyx one-leaved, five- toothed, villous, caducous.— Petals five, linear-
oblong, recurved, many times longer than the calyx.— Filaments five,
inserted on the receptacle, shorter than thé germ, and pressing upon
it. Anthers sagittate-—Germ superios, ‘oblong, torulose, villous,
one-celled, with many ovula, attached to two or three, parietal recepe
tacles. Style short. © Stigma pretty large, two- or three-lobed.

446 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Varece,

2. V. lanceolata, R.

Leaves alternate, lanceolar. lowers in axillary fascicles.

An erect, shrubby plant, a native of Pulo Pinang.

Leaves alternate, bifarious, short-petioled, lanceolate ; veins ny-
merous, simple and parallel: smooth on both sides.— Stipules with-
in the leaves, lanceolate, chaffy.—- Flowers small, numerous, collecte
ed on short-peduncled, axillary, compound corymbs, pale yellow.——
Calyx five-leaved; deaflets oval, concave, permanent.— Petals five,
lanceolate, expanding, permanent.— Filaments five, shorter than the
petals, incurved, united at the base into a ring round the lower half
of the germ. Anthers arrow-shaped, erect.—Germ superior, ovate,
hairy. Style longer than the stamens, hairy. Stigma simple.—
Capsules three-lobed, leathery, one-celled, evalvular.—Seeds several,
affixed to three, vertical, parietal receptacles, on the inside of the mids
dle of the lobes of the capsules, i

Obs. by N. W.

T have specimens belonging probably to this plant, which were
collected at Pinang by W. Jack who, in a Mss. note says: “1 am
at a loss what to make of this shrub. 1 thought it might be a Vareca
according to Roxburgh) but the capsule is one-ceiled, three-valved,
with parietal placente; the calyx five-leaved ; corolla five-petallea ;
stamina five, with filaments united at the base in an annular tube sur-
rounding the ovary.”—I venture to say it is certainly not a Vureca,
and I even doubt whether any of the other species recorded above
belong to that genus.—V. heleroclita, blossoms freely every year, but
has never shewn the least disposition to produce fruit.—N. W.

3. V. heterochita, R.

Shrubby, Leaves broad-lanceolar, crenate. Flowers axillary, crowd-
ed, sessile, 6

A small shrub, received into this garden from General Martin at
Lucknow. Blossoms in October,

Stem short and slender; bark smooth, ash-coloured. Branches

Viola. YENTANDRIA MONOGYNTIA. 447

bifarious, slender, all spreading nearly horizontally—Leazes alter-
nate, bifarious, sessile, cuneate-lanceolar, crenate, smooth on both
sides; in the axil of each vein on the underside is a rema:kable hole
low gland.—Stapules ensiform.—F lowers axillary, crowded, sessile,
smal!, white—Calyx of five, unequal, imbricate, woolly, margined
leatlets.— Petals five, lanceolate, confined at the base, by the rigid leaf-
lets of the perianth, into a bell shape ; above they are revolute and
smooth on both sides.—F2laments tive, long, and slender, projecting
considerably beyond the mouth of the bell-shaped part of the corol,
at the base each side is enlarged with one or more adjoined hornlets
which are bearded at the base.—Germ superior, ovate, somewhat
three-sided. Style as long as the stamens, villous ; stigma simple.
An the germ are the rudiments of two, three, or four seeds.

VIOLA, Schreb. gen. N. 1964.

Calyx five-leaved. Corol five-petalled, irregular, calearate. Ane
thers united. Capsules superior, three-valved, one-celled. Seeds
many, parietal, Embryo furnished with a perisperm; radicle ceatri-

fugal.

1 V. suf ruticosa, Willd. spec. i. 1171.

Perennial, diffuse. Leaves alternate, sub-sessile, lanceolate. Stz-
pules subulae. Peduncles axillary, with two bractes near the middle.
Corol resupine. Capsules round.

A native of the sandy lands about Madras.* In the betanic gare
den at Calcutta it continues in flower and seed most part of the
Uweai ieee 4

Stem scarcely any, but many diffuse, perennial, round, smooth

_ branches, often extending to a foot in length Leaves alternate, sub

sessile, lanceolate, slightly serrate, pretty smooth, about an inch long,

* Ttis very common in the fields from Nudeeya to Moorshudabad, and probably in most
ether parts of Bengal, £a,

SS Se. ee eee ee eee —eee eee

44g FENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA: Viola.

and a quarter of an inch broad.—Stipules small, subulate — Pedun-
cles axilary, solitary, one-flowered; shorter than the leaves, jointed
above the middle, where there are two small bractes, one on each side.
—Calyx five-leaved, Leaflets nearly equal, lanceolate, acute.— Petals
five, rosy; the two upper ones smallest, linear-oblong, and pointed ;
the two lateral ones sub-ovate, with long, taper, recurved apices; the
lower one (here the corol is resupinate,) much larger than the others,
broad-cordate, supported onaclaw as longas the superior petals, which
is protruded behind, between the two lower leatlets of the calyx, into
a gibbous nectary.— Filaments ; the two lower ones have each a ciliate
hornlet projecting back. Anther3 with brown, ovate, scariose apices.
— Capsules nearly round, size of a pea, one-celled, three-valved.—
Seeds several in each cell, attached to a ridge which runs along the
inside of each valve, obovate. Integument single, thin, striated —
Perisperm conform to the seed, white. Eméryo three-fourths the
length of the perisperm, greenish. Cofyledons oval. Radicle subs
cylindric, pointing to the umbilicus, at the small end of the seed,

2. V. enneasperma, Willd. spec. i. 1171.
Perennial, rather diffuse. Leaves lanceolate. Corol with little

or no horn behind.
Nelam. parenda, Rheed. mal. 9. é. GO. rather a bad figure.

8. V. primulifolia, Willd. spec. 1. 1162.*

Annual, stermless. Leaves from triangulars to lanceolarecordate;
serrate, decurrent. Flowers resupinate; in that position the lower
petal is broader, and emarginate.

Native of the interior parts of Bengal; in the botanic garden at
Calcutta it blossoms and ripens its seed more or less the whole year.

* V. primulifolia is a native of America. © Whether this be the American plant I know not,
but I doubt its being a native of Bengal. Dr. Roxburgh received it from a gentleman theu re-
sident at Moorshudabad which is all the authority he had for considering it indigenous here: -
it certainly does not differ from the next species ; all the species I know produce apetalous
flowers except at one season of the year, when the flowers are perfect. Ed, ,

Viola. PENTANDRIA MONDOGYNIA, 449

4. V. apetala, R.

Annual, stemless. Leaves broad-cordate, sagittate, serrate lobes,
and apex rounded, in luxuriant plants the scapes are many-flowered.
Flowers diandrous, and very generally without a corol.

Received from the Mauritius into the botanic garden in Bengal,
where it is in constant flower and seed the whole year.

Additional species by N. W.

5. V. serpens, Wall.

Covered with reflexed short pubescence. Stems simple, prostrate,
stoloniferous, Leaves ovate-cordate, acuminate. Stipules fringed.
Flower stalks erect, simple, shorter than the leaves. Calyx acute.
Corolla resupinate, nodding ; lowermost petiol lanceolate, smaller than
the rest.

A native of Nipal, where it inhabits moist and shady places on
most of the hills about the great valley, blossoming and ripening its
seeds successively from March till June. In the botanic garden it
has succeeded very well on raised, well drained, beds of masonry,
filled with gravelly soil.

Root slender, perpendicular, cylindric, a little branchy, Stems
numerous, very slender, round, simple, more or less purple, from one
to two or more feet long, at first somewhat prostrate, creeping, and
stoloniferous from the axils of the leaves ; together with the petiols and
peduncles beset with copious, short, reflexed, erect, afterwards rough.
ish hairs.— Leaves alternate, remote, erect, ovate-cordate, acuminate,
obtusely serrate, the serratures rather prominent on the upper surface,
margins gibbous, lobes of the base rounded, approximate, separated
by a deep, entire sinus, pubescent on both sides, dark-green, rugose
above ; nerved, veined, and from five- to seven-nerved underneath ;

those near the root about three inches long, the rest gradually smaller.
Eee

450 - PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Viola.

—Petiol as long as the leaf, even, gently furrowed above. Stipules
opposite, lanceolate, membranous, pale-green, three or four lines
Jong, smooth, fringed with numerous subulate, sub-glandular tooth-
lets; base simple. _ Peduncles filiform, solitary, axillary, a little longer
than the petiol, erect, round, bent at the apex; above the middle
there are two linear, subulate, opposite or sub-alternate bractlets
with ciliate bases.— Flowers small, resupinate, nodding, white with
a feeble blue tinge, scentless. Leaflets of the calyx lanceolate, acute,
cillato-denticulate, half the length of the petals ; their base peltate,
slightly concave, truncate, and crenulate, that of the lowermost pair a
little broader, The wpper petal is by inversion lateral or lowermost,
smaller than the rest, lanceolate, acute, marked with deep-coloured
violet veins, equalling its straight, compressed, obtuse spur, which
descends between the sepala and is longer than their bases. The
other petals white, lanceolate-oblong,
short, sub-capitellate hairs.—Anthers distinct; their membranes

obtuse, bearded above with

broad. ‘The appendices of the lowermost pair greenish.

Obs. This elegant species approaches a liitle to V. adorata and
canina; it differs by its elongated prostrate habit, its hairiness, and
the colour and smaller size of the flower, which are shorter than the
leaves. It approaches also to sarmentosa of Marschal, but differs by
the form and comparative smoothness of the leaves, and the lanceo-
late, not subulate sepals —N. W.

6. V. canescens, Wall:
Stemless, the whole plant covered with copious glaucous pube-
scence. Leaves cordate-reniform, blunt. Sézpules fringed with long

cilie. Flower stalks erect, longer than the leaves. Calyx acute.
Corolla resupinate.

Ihave only found this species on mount Nag-Urjoon in Nipal, flow-
ering in March.

Root short, cylindric, persistent ? with dense capillary fibres. Stem
none.— Leaves broad-cordate, sub-reniform, obtuse, serrato-crenate,
an inch and a half or two inches long, covered with glaucous pus

Viola. ‘PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. AD5l

bescence on both sides, with rounded, by no means decurrent lobes
and a broad sinus, beneath five-nerved, and vemed.— Petiol erect,
twice or thrice longer than the leaf, furrowed, villous.—Stéipules
opposite, radical, erect, linear, acuminate, fringed with long cilie,
reddish at the base.— Peduncles radical, erect, generally longer than
the petiols, sometimes equaling them, slender, villous, one-Hlowered,

bearing a pair of alternate linear bractlets about the middle. - Flower

“small, nodding, inodorous, pale violet,—Sepals linear, acute, pube-

scent, obscurely trinerved: those near the spur denticulate, with

‘truncate, crenulate base; the rest entire with an acute base; the up-

permost two slightly recurved,—Peéa/s nearly thrice as long as the
calyx, obtuse; the upper two cuneate, puberulous at the base; two

‘dateral ones rather narrower, bearded at the base, on its inside, sub-

uneuicuate, masked with a dark, undivided nerve, The lowermost
shorter than the rest, oblong, very little pubescent above, marked with
radiating dark veins, and terminating in a short, obtuse, compressed

“spur.—Anthers large, broad-lanceolate, white, membranous, imbrie

cating. The appendices of the lowermost filaments very long, de-
scending, ciliate, greenish.k—Ovary ovate, purplish, covered with
headed villi,— Style complanate, whitish.—N. W,

7. V. reniformis, Walk.

Siems decumbent, fleshy. Leaves pubescent, kidney-shaped, ser-
rate, te Jowermost long-petioled ; the uppermost shiortepetioled.
Stipules toothed. Ca/yx simple, linear, one-half shorter than the
subulace spur,

} have found this in moist places towards the summit of Sheopore
in Nipal, blossoming in June,

A very elegant, somewhat succulent species.—Siems round, slen-
der, pallid, sparingly beset with short, hyaline, spreading hairs, mark-
ed with two narrow, opposite margins, mostly undivided, prostrate,
from six to twelve inches long; their ends ascending. Leaves
broad-reniform, obtuse, remote, of a very pale-green, acutely and

Eee2

452 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Impatiens,

gibbously serrate, ciliate, a little hairy on both sides, chiefly along
the ramifications of the vessels, somewhat decurrent‘on their _petiols;
from seven. to nine-nerved, dotted with glands when held towards
the light; the lowermost remote, long-petioled, an inch long by two
broad; the rest proportionably smaller, short-petioled, of a more cor-
date form and acutish. Petioles slender, fleshy, round, the lowest
fully six inches long, the rest gradually shorter, until they become
scarcely half so long as their leaves.—Stipules smooth, broadlanceo-
late, oblique, sub-adnate and gibbous at the base, with one or two
acute, broad teeth.—Peduncles several, solitary, axillary, one-flow-
ered, erect, equalling, or longer than the petiols, with a couple of
very minute alternate bractlets about the middle.— Lowers smallish,
yellow, sweet-scented. | Calycine leaflets linear, acuminate, ciliate,
with simple bases —The lowermost petal obovate, much broader than
the rest, which are cuneate, ending ina cylindric, slender spur which
is nearly twice as long as the calyx.

Obs. This elegant species has some affinity to Viola biflora (Flor.
Dan. i. ¢. 46), but differs, among other things, by its decumbent ha-
bit, hairmess and long spur.—N, W.

8. V. glandulifera, Wall.

Stems erect, very slender. Leaves broad-reniform, dentate, hairy,
dotted with glands underneath ; the lower ones shorter than the pe-
tiols, the uppermost much longer. Peduneles axillary, as long or
longer than the petiols. Stipules ovate, entire, glandular. Spur very
short.

A native of the frigid regions of Gosain-Than, where it blossoms
in July.

IMPATIENS, Schreb. gen. N. 1365.

Calyx two-leaved. Corol five-petalled, irregular. -Nectary cus
cullate. Anthers united. Germ five-celled, cells many-seeded, at-

Impatiens. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 453

tachment central. Capsules superior, five-celled, five-valved. Seeds
numerous. Embryo naked, with centripetal radicle.

1.1. Balsamina, Willd. spec, i. 1175.

Leaves lanceolate, serrate. | Peduncles one-flowered, Nectary
shorter than the flower.

Tilo-Onapu, Rheed. mal. ix. 101.¢. 52.

Beng. Doopati.

Hind. Gool-mendee.

Obs. by N. W.

I have found this well known plant, or one very closely allied to it
ou Chundrugzrz and at Thankote, At first I thought ita distinct spe-
cies and called it I. glandulifera. Its stem is fleshy, thick, jointed,
branchy, pale-green, at length brownish, a little pubescent towards
the top. Leaves alternate, very close together, narrow-lanceolate, acue
minate, serrate, each serrature ending in an ascending cuspis, about
three inches lung, a little pubescent above, smooth, and pallid under.
neath, on petiols half an inch long, furnished on each side of the fur-
row witha pair or two of sessile, concave, fleshy glands. Peduncles
axillary, geminate, one-flowered, pubescent, a little longer than the pe-
tiols; when fruitebearing reflexed.— Flowers large, pale purple, a lit-
tle pubescent on the outside. Calyx lanceolate, acute, ciliate, very
caducous. Petals precisely as in the Balsamina. Spur incurved,
becoming straight at length,—Capsule villous.—I. coccinea, Sims’s

Bot. Mag. xxxi. 1256 seems to me scarcely to be different from the
plants described above.—N. W.

2.1. tripetala, R.

Leaves alternate, opposite and tern, broad-lanceolar, serrate. Pe-
duncles from one- to many-flowered. Coro/ three-petalled ; horn of the
ample nectary hooked.

A native of the mountains near Silhet, where it flowers and ripens

A54 PENTANDRIA MONOSYNIA, Impatiens,

its seed more or less the whole year round. Rheedes Tilo-Onapu is, I
think, more like this than it is to I. Balsamina, though quoted for that
species ; and I can scarcely conceive this to be that plant in its origi-
nal wild state.

Root armual, fibrous.— Stem erect, swelled at the leaves, scarcely
pubescent in any respect. Branches opposite, several pairs, and ge-=
neraily below the middle of the plant; whole height from one to two
feet. — Leaves on the stem opposite, and tern; on the branches often
alternate, long-petioled, broad-lanceolar, serrate, a little hairy, parti-
cularly the serratures ; about three inches long, by one broad.—F/low-
ers axillary, from one to many, in the latter case their long pedicels
are Inserted on a very short, common peduncle.—Perianth of two,

~ small, bracte-like leatlets.—Corol three-petalled; the upper one form-
-ing areof over the interior part of the whole flower; dafera/ pairs
composed of two, large, roundish lobes each ; the lower lobes there.
of ferming the lip. Nectary large, with a hooked or incurved slender
horn from its obtuse end.—Siamina, &c. as in the genus.

It has a pretty appearance when in full blossom, the flowers being
numerous, large, and of a lively red colour, with the nectary deeply
tinged yellow.

Obs. by N. W.

A drawing of this species made under the superintendence of my
excellent friend Dr. F. Hamilton, and named by him I. ternifolia, is
preserved at the Hon. Company’s botanic garden at Calcutta, where
the plant thrives well, blossoming in August and September. It is
branchy, fleshy, sub-diaphanous, besprinkled on most parts with a
few short, hyaline hairs.— Leaves often five inches long, on very
slender naked petiols, equalling half or one-third their own iength,
and having at their base on each side of their axils a small fascicle
of subulate, herbaceous glands.—The fascicles of flowers always
shorter than the petiols.—Corod/a large, scarcely two-lipped, the
inner lobes of the lateral petals being considerably elevated above
the nectary, and forming the sides of the throat.—The galea is

Impatiens. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 455

broad, sub-reniform, its back convex, somewhat keeled, and furnish-
ed with a short, conical, curved horn. Lateral petals large and pro-
truding; their inner margin uneven, and inserted by means of a short
hooked claw ; the outer one two-lobed, lobes rounded, pretty equal
in size.—-The fourth petal or nectary is pubescent, beautifully veined,
somewhat contracted near the middle, its mouth almost circularly
truncate, its apex ending abruptly in a very narrow, cylindric, ascend-
ing spur, which is ‘only one-third of the whole length of the body of
the nectary.—Cuapsule ovate, oblong, perfectly smooth.—N. W.

8.1. natans, Willd. spec. i. 1175.

Leaves \inear-lanceolate, serrate. Peduncles three-flowered. Ber-

ries five-seeded.

Telinga. Neer-Ganaroo, i. e. water Oleander.

This is a Jarge annual species; a native of ponds, ditches, &c. of
sweet water. It flowers during the rainy and cold season.

Stem piped, all the parts that grow in, or float on the water, bending
in various directions, and being often some yards in length; the part
above the water is erect, branchy and from one to two feet high,
The former part is jointed, with roots from the joints, and the pipe
interrupted there: the erect part five-sided, smooth, coloured, as
thick as the fore-finger; pipe interrupted at the leaves, as in the floate
ing parts.— Leaves sessile, scattered, lanceolate, serrate, smooth; from
four to five inches long, and less than one broad; there 1s a gland on
each side of the base instead of stipules.—Peduncles axillary, solitas
ry, generally three-cleft, three-flowered.— Bractes (Involucres) obs
long.— Flowers large, very beautifully variegated with red, white, and
yellow.—Pericarp. Berry, sub-globular, five-grooved, succulent,
smooth, red, size of a cherry.—Seeds five, hard, nut-like, obliquely
oblong, lapped over at both ends.

When in flower, this is one of our most elegantwater plants.

Obs. by N.W.
Roth surmises (Nov. Spec, 164) that I. tréfora, L, is this plant ;

456 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Lintpatiens,

as far as regards the type of this species, I. pedunculis, triflovis, foliis
angusto-lanceolatis, Linn, zey!, 315, this may be correct ; but Bal-
samina angustifolia, floribus ternis communi pedunculo ortis, Burm.
zeyl. 41. ¢. 16. f 2, which Linn. himself and all succeeding authors
quote as a synonym, is widely different.—N. W.

Additional species by N. W.

A. 1. cristata, Wail.

Stem pubescent, slightly angular, scarcely at all jointed. Leaves
lanceolate, cuspidato-serrate, acuminate, pubescent. Peduncles few-
flowered, equalling the petiols; the uppermost petal witha sharp keel.

Nectary longer than the pedicel, infundibuliform, tapering into an
incurved spur.

Seeds of this plant were communicated to me in 1817 by my friend
Dr. Govan from Hungtoo in Bissepur, on the confines of Chinese
Tartary. ‘The plants blossomed in the Hon. Company’s botanic
garden in March of the following year,

An erect, succulent, smoothish species, about three feet high. Stem
purplish below, thick, cylindric, a little angular, and almost entirely
without joints, pubescent towards the apex, as are also the opposite
or alternate simple branches.—-Leaves alternate, spreading, at length
nodding, about three inches long, pubescent, attenuate at the base, all
the serratures ending in a subulate hyaline cuspis ; short-petioled.—
‘Stipulary gland on one side only of the axil, large, ovate, adnate,
mucous, purple, evanescent.— Peduncles short, axillary, from two- to
four-flowered, pubescent ; pedice/s half an inch long, bearing above
their middle a pair of linear, carinate bractlets.—F lowers yellow, with
minute purple dots, two-lipped, the under lip elongated.—Calycine
leaflets ovate, acute, a little gibbous at the base.-—Upper petal broad-
ovate, retuse, adscending, keeled on the back; dateral ones with a gib-

Inipatiens. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA- 457

bous, entire inner margin, and two-lobed outer margin; the exterior
lobe largish, oblong. Nectary truncate, longer than the pedicel,
ending gradually in a cylindric, ascending spur.

Obs. This pretty plant seems to be distinct from our European
I. Noli-tangere in the following points, The stem is without joints;
the tendershoots are often marked with smail cylindric purple glands,
as is the case also with most of the following species; the leaves are
acuminate, the upper petal is marked witha sharp longitudinal crest
on the back, and finally the outer lobe of the lateral petal is oblong
and protruding much.—N. W.

6. 1. urticifolia, Wall.

Stem jomted, smooth. Leaves ovate, most finely acuminate, attes
nuate at the base, grossly and obtusely serrate, with gland-bristly
crenatures. Peduncles very long, filiform, few=flowered.— Nectary
equalling the pedicel, ample, cone-shaped, ending rather abruptly ia
a cylindric spur,

Found by my people at Gosain-Than in the Himalaya, in flower
in August and September.

A large, sub-simple or sparingly branchy, erect, smooth, and shin-
ing species, rising from a fibrous root; sometimes glandular towards
the top. Leaves large, ovate, ending in a very long, linear acumen,
tapering and acute at the base, grossly, obtusely, and unequally ser«
rate, with a subulate, mostly gland-capitate tooth in each crenature,

proceeding sometimes from the gibbous back or the anterior margin of -

the serratures themselves ; from three to ffve inches long, with a few
scattered pellucid hairs on both sides, especially along the primary
vessels underneath; shining above. Petiol about an inch long, 2
little margined. ~ Peduneles axillary, solitary, filiform, smooth, almost
as long as the leaves, divided at the apex into four or five alternate,
longish, slender, one-flowered pedicels, each of which is supported
by a lanceolate, lengthened, acuminate bracte.—Flowers large, yel-

low, nodding with an ample nectary and Jarge lower lip as in Noli-tan=
F ff

“45s PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Impatiens.

-gere, to which this species is nearly allied.—Capsule oblong, smooth:
—N. W.

6. I. sulcata, Wall.

Stem smooth, jointed anddeeply furrowed. Branches opposite.
‘Leaves opposite, cuspidato-serrate, somewhat rounded at the base,
on glandular, slender petiols.—Peduncles opposite, shorter than the
eaves, many-flowered. Nectary ample, conesshaped, ending ab-
ruptly in a curved, slender spur, 3

Discovered at Gosain-Than together with the preceding species, to
which it comes very near. It differs however, in its opposite leaves,
deeply furrowed branchy stem, and acute serratures, and in other
respects as pointed out in the specific character.—N. W.

7. 1. heterophylla, Wall.

Leaves opposite, sessile, linear, very long, exceeding their inters
stices, acute, remotely cuspidato-serrulate, with a rounded base. Pe-

-duncles axillary, fascicled, shorter than the leaves, one-flowered. An.
terior lobe of the lateral petals very large and protruding ; spur very
long.

‘This species which isa native of the mountains bordering on the
district of Sélbet, comes very near to I. resmarinifolia, Retz.; it was
communicated to me by Mr, F. De Silva.

An erect, smooth species. Stem seemingly angular and jointed,
with a few opposite, erect, simple branches ; about two feet high,
— Leaves opposite, five or six inches long, tapering gradually from
the base, which is rounded, or sub-cordate, and about half an inch
broad, to an acute point; margins remotely notched with small
incumbent serratures, each terminating in a long bristle ; somewhat
scabrous from a few short hairs on the upper side, the under one
silvery, with a few remote, longitudinal pairs of opposite nerves $
they are about twice as long as their interstices, and sometimes they
are furnished with a very short, broad petiol. Peduncles fascicled,
sub-verticillate, about two inches long, bearing a large purplish flow-

Impatiens. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 459

er. Calycine leaflets linear-faleate, acuminate, hairy on the outside
as is also the small upper petal.—The two lateral petals two-lobed;
the inner Jobe small, the outer one extremely large, semi-ovate; the
inner margin rectilinear. Nectary obliquely truncate, infundibuli-
form, narrow, tapering from the base into a slender, ascending, and
incurved spur which nearly equals the pedicel in length. Capsule
smooth, oblong, a little ventricose, furrowed, an inch long, contains
ing a number of sinall brown seeds.—N. W.

8. I. bracteata, Colebr. Mss.

Leaves lanceolate, serrulate, sub-opposite. Racemes terminal, ob.
long, many-flowered, fringed with the innumerable, long, coloured
hairs of the lanceolate bractes. Lower lip of the flower very large.
Spur long, ascending.

A native of Silhet, and from thence introduced into the Hon:
Companys botanic garden in 1814, by the late Mr. Smith. It blos-
soms during the rainy season. | .

This most charming plant is smooth and succulent ; it grows to the
height of two feet, with ajointed, purplish stem and branches; some-
times if is nearly undivided. Leaves opposite and alternate on the
same plant, two to three inches long, smooth, acute at both ends; the
serratures incumbent, those nearest the base bristle-pointed; darke
green above, pallid and almost silvery underneath. Peézol short, flat-
tish above. Racemes terminal, erect, from two to five inches long,
before expansion elcbular and capitate, afterwards oblong ; beauti«
fully decorated with numerous pink-coloured large flowers, inter.
spersed with the dense pink hairs of the ractes. The bractes are
situated under each pedicel, Janceolate, plicate, recurved, about five
lines long, pale green, fringed in a very elegant manner with a single
row of dense, very long, simple, sharp, pink-coloured, shining hairs,
which are alternately divaricate upwards and downwards. Common
peduncle two inches long, slender ; partial ones filiform, twice as long
as the bracte which supports them.—Calyx very small, quickly des

FFL

460 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Impatiens.

ciduous ; leaflets lanceolate. Upper petal small, ovate, ending in a
recurved point, concave, with gibbous back, which is greenish, with

purple veins. Lateral ones nearly an inch long, constituting the

>?

lower, aud by far_the largest lip; their inner margin uneven, a little
notched, sub-unguiculate; the outer one two-lobed; the external !ohe
very large, oval.— Nectary infundibuliform, obliquely truncate, acute
on its anterior margin, white with a pinkish tint, beautifully veimed,
gradually narrowing Into a very slender ascending spur, which is
longer than the flower itself.—Capsu/e ovate, bellied, acute at both .
ends, smooth, five-furrowed, containing a few acute, brown, pube-
scent seeds. N. W.

9. IL. bicornuta, Wail.
Branchy, erect. Leaves ample, approximate, ovate, acuminate,

gross'y serrate, a little hairy above.—Corymbs axillary, crowded to-
wards the top of the stem and branches, long-peduncled, consisting
of fascicled flowers. Nectary very large, conical, ending abruptly in
a fiiform spur; iis maquth furnished with a long horn-like acumen.
Cupsule cylindric.

i found this on Chundrugira and Sheopore in Nipal. I havealsa
had it from more northern mountains, towards Gosain-Tuan,

Fleshy, erect, branchy and panicied, from two to three feet high,.
Stem joinied, mostiy simple, sharply angular towards the top, with
several thick, cylindric, purple g/ands scattered along the angles,
otherwise smooth — Leaves scattered, the uppermost very closely
approximate, ovate- lanceolate, from six to eight inches lang, grossly
and obtusely serrate, with a short subulate brist! e betw een cael ser-
rature; ending in a long, sharp, entire acumen; base tapering and de-
current on the petiol; a little hairy above, smooth and often purple
underneath. Petiol slender, about three inches long, hairy at the
base ; on each side of the axil is a pair of smail fleshy, oval, obtuse,
glandular, somewhat spreading stipules.— Flowers large, with purplish
dots, peduncled, disposed in axillary, corymbose racemes, which are
crowded towards the apex of the stem, equalli ing the leaves, or somes

Impatiens. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 461

what shorter than they. Pedunc/e three inches long, slender, erect ;
pedicels filiform, fascicled or verticilled, sub-unilateral, an inch and
a half long, supported by three lanceolate, gland-acute, spreading, at
length reflexed bractlets.— Sepals obliquely ovate, with a subulate
point. Galea ovate, acuminate, concave, purplish; /ateral peta!s
oblong, two-lobed, an inch long; the inner margin is furnished about
the middle with a short yellow claw. Nectary very ample, conical,
ascending, ventricose and gibbous, as long as the pedicel, ending in
a cylindric, curved spur; the mouth truncate, ending anteriorly in a
Jong filiform process. ~Capsule cylindric, smooth, shining, nearly
an inch and half long, containing eight or ten sub-cylindrie seeds,—

NW.

10. 1. mollis, Wall.

Upper parts very soft and villous. Leaves lanceolate, acuminate,
with gibbous, cuspidate serratures. Peduncles solitary, half the
length of the leaves, filiform, one-flowered. Sepals ovate. _ Spur as
long as the flowers, sleuder, with the end incurved.

I have only found this on Sheopore, delighting hike all the rest in
rich, moist, shady situations, and blossoming during the rains.

Stem two or three feet high, erect, fleshy, and sub-diaphanous,
often purplish, jointed, with long alternate branches ; about the thicke
ness of a swan’s quill at the base, very soft and villous towards the
top, the lowermost joints sometimes rooting.—Leaves alternate, lan-
ceolate, acuminate, with gibbous, incumbent, cuspidate seiratures,
hase attenuate and decurrent, almost entire (as is also the acumen) ;
soft and pubescent on both sides, especially underneath, where they
are marked with copious oblique nerves ; from four to six inches long.
—Petiol slender, about an inch and half long; margined towards
the leaf-—— Peduncles axillary, one-flowered, very slender and fili-
form, villous, several times longer than the petiols, jointed a little
shove the base, and there furnished with a pair of small, lanceolate
hractlets—Flowers large, purple, nodding. The sepals obliquely
ovate, acute, a little hairy on the back, otherwise smooth, Corolla

462 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIAs Impatiens,

spreading, bilabiate; the uppermost petal or casque reniform.cors
date, a little contracted at the upper part, where it 1s retuse, with an
Intermediate cuspis, convex, and slightly keeled on the back ; dateral
ones twice the length of the upper one, the inner margin rectilinear,
notched towards the extremity, the outer margin obtusely two-lobed,
Jobes ovate, unequal in size, that at the base being the smallest.
Lower petal small, infundibuliform, with an oblique mouth, the bot-
tom continued into a slender, sub-cylindric, slightly compressed, ase
cending spur, whose apex is decurved and retuse. Column oblique,
thick, truncate. Filaments clavate.—N. W. |

11. IT. longicornu, Wall.

Perfectly smooth, erect, panicled, with many approximate joints,
Leaves linear-lanceolate, elongated, serrate, Racemes axillary, pas
nicled ; flowers long-peduncled; spur exceedingly long, filiform.

A native of Sheopore. I have also had it from the Western part
of Nipal, where it was gathered by my friend Dr. Govan; also from
Shreenugur. :

A large, erect, ramous, smooth and fleshy species. Stem round,
with numerous approximate, ventricose joimts; the base sometimes
as thick as the thumb. Branches simple, sub-fastigiate, copiously
jointed, marked with two elevated, opposite lines, which run down
from the insertion of the petiols.— Leaves very numerous and appro-
ximate towards the upper part of the stem and branches, scattered,
spreading, narrow and almost linear-lanceolate, with gibbous, incum-
bent serratures, each of which ends ina long, subulate bristle ; atte-
nuate at both extremities ; long-acuminate, dark-green and shining
above; perfectly smooth, with copious, very oblique nerves under-
neath, from three to six inches long. Pedzol slender, from one to two
or even three inches long, a little widening at the base; and there fur-
nished on each side with a purple, roundish, flat gland, from whence
the above-mentioned decurrent, sometimes glandular lines on the
branches originate.—Plowers yellow, fragrant, peduncled, middle-
sized, disposed in very numerous, axillary, solitary, long-peduncled,

Impaitens. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 463

oblong, erect racemes, about half or one-third shorter than the leaves,

forming a terminal, leafy, sub-fastigiate panicle. Peduncle very slen-
der, round, from three to six inches long, naked; partial ones ape
proximate, an inch long, supported by ovate or lanceolate, acumi-
nate, three-nerved bractes; sepals ovate, acute, semi-cordate at the
base. Uppermost petal round, concave, a little ciliate, more broad
than long, Lateral ones thrice its size, two-lobed, with a short nare
row claw. Lowermost petal truncate, with a short point on the ante=
rior margin, ending in an exceedingly long, filiform, ascending spur,
which is many times longer than the flower itself and thrice the length
of the pedicel._N. W.

12. I. calycina, Wall.

Erect, branchy, jointed, villous, Leaves ovate, finely acuminate,
acutely serrate. Stipules alternate, glandular. Peduncles axillary,
two-flowered, equalling the petiols. Calyx large, ovate. Nectary
very ample, ending in a long, cylindric, ascending spur, exceeding
in length the peduncles. Capsule cylindric.

I have found this on Chitlong and on Chundrugzr2 in Nipal.

Erect, branchy, fleshy, jointed, villous with short, soft, greyish hairse
Stem slender, contracted between the swelled joints, besprinkled with
innumerable, small, purple dots. Leaves alternate, ovate, finely acu-
minate, attenuate at the base, sharply serrate, somewhat hairy on both
sides, three inches long. Petiols slender, measuring about half the
length of the leaves.—Stipules axillary, alternate, oval, somewhat ree
curved, ending in an obtuse, incrassated gland.— Peduncles axillary,
villous, nearly as long as the petiols, two-flowered.— Lower large,
yellow, with reticulate purple veins.—Sepa/s broad-ovate,; acute,
villous, larger than those of any of the other species, al out five lines
long.— Nectary ample, infundibuliform, gradually narrowing into a
cylindric ascending spur, and together with it considerably longer

than the peduncle.—Capsule cylindric, pubescent, an inch and a half
long.—N. W.

|
|

464 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Impatiens.

13. Je scapiflora, Heyn.

Leaves round-cordate, obtuse, many-nerved, entire. Scape vadi-
cal, bearing a raceme of long-peduncled flowers.

Specimens are preserved in Dr. Heyne’s hortus siccus, without
any habitat.

This singular speciesis about halfa foot high, smooth. Roof con.
sisting of dense capillary fibres; in one of the specimens it seems to
be tuberous.— Leaves two or three, radical, from round-cordate to
reniform, sometimes, but rarely, ovate-cordate, three or four inches in
diameter, many-nerved, elevated on long petiols.—Scapes a few, radl~
cal, longer than the leaves, terminated by a raceme of large, seemingly
purplish, long peduncled flowers. An oval bracte under each pedun-
cle. Spur measuring several inches, exceeding the peduncle in
length. Capsule ovate-oblong.—N. W.

14. 1. scabriuscula, Heyn.

- Villous, with greyish short hairs. Leaves cuneate-lanceolate, acute,
cuspidate-serrate, tapering much downwards, short-petioled. Flowers
axillary, geminate, villous, spurless.

Specimens are preserved in Dr. Heyne’s collection.

This is a small branchy species, about a foot high. ‘The upper
petal as well as the nectary villous on the outside ; the latter concave,
gibbous without any spur.—N, W.

15. I. umbellata, Heyn.

Stem entire. Leaves crowded towards the apex of the stem, ovate,
obtuse, broad-crenate, acute, attenuate at the base, equalling the
petiole. Umbells several, terminal, on long peduncles. Spur very
long. |

In the collection of Dr. Heyne.

16. 1. grandis, Heyn.
Leaves ovate, serrate, acuminate, long-petioled, with two oblong

Teea, PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 465

glands below the base. Peduncles axillary, three-flowered. Flowers
extremely large, with a very long spur. i

There are specimens of this fine plant preserved in Dr. Heyne’s
hortus siccus but without any habitat. ‘The flowers appear to be yel-
low and are by far the largest of any of the species which have ever
come under my observation. The nectary infundibuliform, upwards
of three inches long, gradually tapering intoa slender spur.— Besides
the species, which have been partly described, and partly indicated
above, 1 possess a good number of others from Nipal, and Siihet, as
alsoin Dr, Heyne’s collection, which undoubtedly will prove distinct,
but which | must postpone treating of toa future time.—N. W,

° —

LEEA, Schreb. gen. N. 1432.

Calyx five-toothed. Corol one-petalled, with a five-cleft, staminifer«
ous neciary in the mouth of the tube, Germsix-celled; cells one-seeded.

‘This definition includes, I think, Aguzlicta sambucina, which of
course | do not consider as a distinct genus.

The position of the anthers in this family is so remarkable and
anomolus, that I know of nothing like it elsewhere. The filaments
are inserted into the bottom of the fissures of the nectary, and rise
parallel with its segments, to their height, where they are quickly
bent in and down, to their projecting apices, the inverted anthers
are attached near the middle of their backs, with their sides touch.

ing, and in most of the species, as firmly united as in any syngene-
sious plant, forming a cylindrical tube round the stigma ; in this po-

sition they remain, until by the detachment of the filaments from the

nectary, they fall off in one body.

1. L. macrophylla, R.*
Herbaceous. Leaves simple.

* Horneman, hort. hafn. 231.—N. W.
CEs

466 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. - feea.

Sung. BAAR, Sumoodruka,

Beng. Diol-Shumoodra,

1s common throughout Bengal, Flowering time the rainy season.

Koot tuberous, perennial, red.— Stem erect, annual, flexuose, jointe
ed.— Leaves simple, alternate, petioled, broad-cordate, irregularly
serrate, or tooth-lobed; posterior lobes large and overlapping each
other; smooth on both sides, except that on the underside the numer-
ous veins are very protuberant, of which the larger are always oppo-
site; from one to two feet long, and nearly as broad.— Petioles taper-
ing from the base, furrowed below, channelled above, as far as the
stipule-like membrane reaches.-_Cymes terminal, large ; first division
three-parted, or three distinct cymes, superior divisions less regular,
— Flowers very numerous, small, white.—Bracées small, falling. —
Calyx tive-toothed, permanent.—Corol one-petailed. Tube length
of the calyx. Border five-parted; davisions lanceolate, expanding
with an incurved apex, and there bagged. Nectary ; in this species
ithe apices of the divisions are entire.— Filaments five, length of the
nectary and inserted on the bottom of its five fissures. Anthers ine
verted within the mouth of the nectary, with their sides united.—
Germ superior, six-celled, with one ovulum in each, attached to the
base of the axis. Sty/e cylindric. Stigma simple, perforated, lodged
about the middle of the inverted anthers. — Berry much depressed,
torose, size of a small cherry, obscurely six- or more-lobed, smooth,
black, and succulent when ripe, six- or more-celled.—Seeds solitary.
duteguments two; the exterior one somewhat nuciform, pretty thick,
and brown; the gnner one very thin, and lighter coloured, adhering to
the perisperm.—Perisperm conform to the seed, deeply intersected
with brown, clammy fissures.-— Embryo small, scarcely half the length
of the perisperm, subulate. Cotyledons subulate. Radicle inferior,
pomung to the umbilicus. ;

Obs. The root promises to yield a colast He fOr dying; its taste

is astrigent, aud it 1S mucilaginous,

Leeda. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 467

2. L. crispa, Willd. spec.i. 1177.

Herbaceous, stem and branches fringed at the angles. Leaves
pinnate ; leaflets oblong, serrate. Anthers free.

Nalugu, Rheed. mal. 11. 43. t. 26.

Beng. Bun-chelta,

Grows wild among bushes near Calcutta; flowering time the rainy
season; and though the flowers are not conspicuous yet the uncom-
monly elegant curled wings give to the whole plant a great decree of
beauty.

foot perennial.—Stems several, herbaceous, somewhat woody,
from four to five feet high, jointed, swelled above the joints, the
young shoots chiefly are ornamented with from six to eight, thin,
short, much curled wings,—Leaves alternate, petioled, generally
quinate-pinnate, though in luxuriant plants the lower pair is somee
times compound.— Leaflets petioled, ovate-oblong, pointed, deeply
and acutely serrate; veins numerous, simple, parallel, large, running
off at an angle of about forty-five degrees, corresponding in number
with the serratures of the margin, and ending in their points, as in
Dillenia speciosa.— Petioles four- or five-winged; wings curled, &c.
as on the branches.—Stzpules falcate, not ciliate. —Cymes terminal,
small, a little hairy, five-flowered.— Bractes minute, hairy, margins
running down the next peduncle or pedicel immedistely below, form-
ing a deep groove thereon, with high winged margins.—Calyr ab-
solutely five-toothed, permanent.—Corol as in the last species. Nec«
tary also asin the last.—Anthers lodged within the mouth of the nec~
tary, but not adhering to one another.—Germ conica}, six-celled, with
one ovulum in each, attached to the base of the axis. Style tive-groove
ed.— Berry round, size of a small cherry, when ripe smooth, biack,
and succuleut, six-celled.—Seeds one in each cell, all of which very

‘frequently come to perfection, obliqueiy-obovate, inserted near the
inner and lower angle to the lower part of a soft, cenual receptacle.
Integument single, hard, and pretty smooth ; a very thin membrane
seems to cover and adiiere to the perisperm.— Perisperm conform to
the seed, deeply intersected with brown, clammy fissures. — Embryo

Ggg2

468 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Leea.

smal], lodged in the base of the perisperm near the umbilicus, a lit-
tle incurvate. Cotyledons subulate.— Radicles inferior, oblong.

Obs. by N. W.

This elegant shrub is well described and represented in Andrews’s

Botanists Repository, vol. V. 355. Roxburgh was no doubt misled
when he adduced Nalugu of the hortus malabaricus for this species,
neither the text nor the figure of Rheede offering the least bint of
any crispate wings or margins ; it is quoted by most authors, tovether
with Rumphius’s fruter aquosus foemina and Burman’s Staphylea ?
indica for L. Sambucina, Willd. (Aguilicia, Linn.) which our author
separates into two species.
_ I have found a shrub in various parts of Nipal growing both on
mountains and on valleys, and blossoming in the rainy season, which:
on the one hand approaches to L. crispa, and on the other to L,
hirta. With the former it agrees in having somewhat crispate stem
and branches and distinct anthers; with the latter in having villous,
rather scabrous leaves. In my Mss. flora of Nipal Ecallit L. aspera,
and may perhaps prove it to be a distinct species when [ shall have
an opportunity of comparing all the three shrubs together in this
garden ; but the genus labours under too many difficulties to war-
rant my increasing them by any doubtful addition.—N. W.

8. L. robusta, R.
Shrubby, jointed, pubescent. Leaves bi- and tri-pinnate ; leaflets

ovate-lanceolate, serrate, cuspidate. Nectary sub-globular.
A native of the northern Circars. In the botanic garden at Cal-

cutta, it flowers during the rains.

Stens in plants five years old erect, about five or six feet high,
stout, simple, flexuous, jointed, round, the woody parts pretty smooth,
the more tender parts rather harsh with coarse, short pubescence.
— Leaves alternate, from pinnate to tripinnate, from one to three
feet long, and often broader than long. Leaflets ovate-lanceolate,
the lateral ones with a broad cordate base, serrate, hairy undere

Leea. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA., 49

neath; from five to ten inches long, and from three to five broad.
—Petioles channelled on thé upper edge.—Stipules petiolary, large,
semi-elliptic, villous, caducous.—Cymes terminal, super-decom-
pound, villous.— Flowers very numerous, small.— Bractes linear,
villous, caducous.—Calyx campanulate, five-toothed:—Corol green,
five-cleft.—Nectary round, urceolate, pearl-coloured, inserted on
the mouth of the small tube of the corol, and there contracted by
a sharp vein on the inside, deeply five-parted; segments Jinear-ob.
long, fleshy, with a thin, rounded apex.— Filaments inserted into the
bottom of the fissures of the nectary, above the middle jointed, aud
there bent in and down, Anthers linear-oblong, inverted, and in
that position their margins are firmly united into a ring round the
stizma.—-Germ superior, ovate, six-celled, with one ovulum in eaclr,
attached to the base of the axis, Style short, but thin, and six-
grooved, Stigma rather large, entire, convex.— Berry much flat-
tened, size of a small cherry, smooth, black, and somewhat succu-
lent, six-lobed, six-celled.—Sced solitary.— Perisperim conform to the
seed, intersected with some deep brown fissures, as in all the other
species examined by me.— Embryo small, a little curved. Cotyledons
subulate. Radicle inferior, pointing to the umbilicus.

Obs. by N. W.
This is by far the largest species of them all; I have at this me-
ment a leaf before me, which is full five feet long, by nearly six broad,
with a petiol four inches round at the base.—N. W.

4. L. hirta, Herb. Banks.*

Shrubby, Leaves pinnate, and bi-pinnate ; leaflets lanceolate, sere
rate, hairy. Awthers connected.

Sung. MAAZFT, Kakujungha, qatar, Nudeekanta, qrafaat,
Kakutikta, Balaxt, Soolomusha, WICTAAUat, Paravutupudee,

* Hornem. hort, hafu, 281,—L, scabra, Willd, Mss. fide, Syst. Veg. ive 814—N, We

440 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Leea,

ZTat, Dasee, @tHT, Kaka, wimdAgt, Dhwankshwujungha,
HRigtigt, Kakahwa, BaANt, Ulomusha.

Beng. Kakujangha,
A native of the lower parts of Bengal. Flowering time the rainy

season.
Stems several, somewhat woody, flexuose, jointed. Bark green-

ish, slightly scabrous; branches few, and like the stem.— Leaves
alternate, petioled, from simple to decompound.—Leaflets opposite,
oblong, serrate, scabrous and hairy on both sides, particularly on the
under one, from two to eight inches long, and from one to three broad,
— Petiole aud petiolets round, scabrous and hairy.— Stipules petiolary.
—Cymes terminal, three-parted.— Nectary inserted into the edge of
the projecting ring which surrounds the mouth of the tube of the corol,
the tube of which is erect, and fivezparted; divisions oblong, emargi-
nate.— Fvdamenis five, the length of the nectary, and inserted into the
bottom ofits five fissures. Anthers oblong, three-fourths or more lodg=
ed within the mouth of the nectary, with their points downwards,
and firmly coalescing at the sides into atube.— Berry ; when ripe it has
much the appearance of a black currant, a little flattened, generally
six-seeded, when dry it appears withas many lobes, (¢orose).—Seeds,
&c. exactly asin the former and following species.

Obs. by N.W.
I have received specimens of this species from Silhet (and also of
L. Staphylea) gathered on the hills bordering on that district, under
the Bengalee name Popaiora (cit F9zi).—N. W.

5. L. sambucina, Willd. spec. 1. 1177.

Shrubby. Leaves from simple to decompound ; leaflets ovate, ob-
long, serrate, smooth. Cymes super-decompound.

Frutex aquosus, foemina, Rumph. amb. iv. €. 45.

Agulicia Sambucina, Linn. Mant.211. Gaert. carp. 2. 127. t. 108.

A uative of the Moluccas, from thence introduced in the botanic

Leea. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 471

garden at Calcutta, in 1798, where it blossoms during the rains and
ripens its seed in November, December, and January. |

Stems erect, almost straight, ramous, height of the whole plant
from eight to twelve feet. Bark slightly furrowed lengthways, in
other respects smooth. In this species roots generally descend to
the ground from the lower joints of the stems.—Leaves from simple
to decompound. Leaflets, the single leaves, which are rarely present,
from ovate to nearly round ; those of the compound leaves from ovate
oblong to linear-oblong, serrate, smooth on both sides.—Corymbs
terminal, trichotomous.— Flowers small, yellow ; structure as in the
former species. — Berries round, pulpy, smooth, glaucous, black, size

of a marrow-fat pea, six-seeded; when dry torose.

Obs. by N. W.

T have found this species (perhaps more properly the next follow-
ing) on the banks of the Rapti in Nipal near Bheempudi, in fruit in
‘December. At Pinang and Singapore it isa common shrub, blos-
soming and ripening its fruit from August to November.—N, W.

6. L. Staphylea, &.

Shrubby. Leaves compound and super-decompound ; /eaflets line-
ar-oblong, finely taper-pointed, serrate, smooth on both sides. Cymes
thin,

— Aguilicia Otillis (Ofiilis zeylanica), Gaert. carp. i. 275.t. 57.

Staphylea ? zndica, Burm. ind. 75. t. 24. f. 2.

Beng. Kookoor-jzhwa,

Teling. Ancados,

Stems several, erect, stout, ligneous. Branches few; the young
ones flexuose, smooth; round, articulated.— Leaves alternate, com-
pound, and decompound, commonly about eighteen inches long;
pinne opposite, generally two pair, the lower pair 1s sometimes Com-
pound ; all terminate with an odd one. Leaflets opposite, petiolated,
linear-oblong, pointed, serrate, smooth on both sides; from four to

472 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Leea.

sever inches long, and from two to three broad.—Petioles and peti-
ofets round, smooth. — Stipules large, adjoined to the lower part of
the petiole, coloured, leathery, falling. —Cymes terminal, large, with
frequently a smaller one accompanying the chief one.— Flowers small,
greenish white, very numerous.—Cay/x cup-shaped, five-toothed,
permanent, —Corol one- petalled. Lube a little longer than the calyx.
Border five- parted ; divisions oblong, concave, with an incurved
point.— Nectary a yellow, fleshy, five-cleft ring, inserted into the
mouth of the tube of the corol, descending with a contracted rim
considerably into it, and rising about it divisions emarginate, Syme
éaments five, inserted: into the outside of the nectary, just b below, or
rather in the lower sloping edge of its fissures,—Anthers oblong, i in-
verted within the nectary, their sides adhering to each other as in
the plants of Syngenesia.— Germ superior, g globular. Style the length
of the tube of the corol.— Stzgma simple.— Berry dry, size of a small
cherry, flattened, five- or pleppiOoned, five- or six-celled. Seeds one

in each cell.

7. L. integrifolia, R.

Sub-arboreous. eaves super-decompound ; leaflets lanceolar, ens
tire, acuminate. Corymbs super-decompound.

Peling. Booradipakas.

A native of the moist vallies among the Circar mountains. It isa
large shrub, and flowers during the wet season. | ! |

Leaves alternate, super-decompound, about thirty inches long.—
Pinn@asin the last species; the lower pair always bipiunate.— Leaflets
opposite, sub-sessiie, linear-lanceolate and lanceolar, sometimes very
slightly serrate ; smooth above, a little downy underneath, from six to
eight inches jee and from two to three broad.— Petioles and peti-
olefs smooth, with an elevated ridge running along the upper side;
beyond the lower pair of pinne: the ridge has a groove in it.—Stiz
puies as in the former.—Corymbs terminal, &c. as in the last species,
but larger.—Calyyr as in the other species. —Corol; tube shorter than
the calyx, in other respects as in the last species. —Nectary composed —

Vitis. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 473

of five, erect, emarginate scales, issuing from the mouth of the tube
of the corol.—%/aments five, alternate with and longer than the nec.
tarial bodies, Anthers oblong, pointed.— Pistil, pericarp, and seeds,
as in the last species ; itis rather more common for the capsule to be
six-seeded in this species than in the others,

VITIS, Schreb. gen, N. 396.

Calyx five-toothed. Corol five-petalled. Germ two-celled, cells
two-seeded, attachment inferior. Berry superior, from one- to four=

seeded. Embryo erect, and furnished with a perisperm.

1. V. indica, Willd. spec. 1. 1180.

Shrubby, scandent. Leaves round-cordate, often more or less
angled, finely serrate, downy underneath, endri/s panicle-bearing.
Germ embraced by a five-lobed cup. Berries round, from one to
two-seeded.,

Schembra-valli, Rheed. mal. vii. 11. ¢. 6. ~

Beng. Amdhouka.

A native of various parts of India. Flowering time the month of
April. Phe fruit ripens im July.

Root perennial.—Stem and branches long and slender, climbing
up and over trees, hedges, &c. to an extent of many fathoms 3 young
shoots villous.—Tendrils opposite to the leaves, floriferous, beyond
the flowers bifid.— Leaves alternate, petioled, round-cordate, more or
less angular, finely serrate, more or less yillous according to their age,
particularly underneath, from three to six inches each way.— Petvoies
rather shorter than the leaves.— Panicles issuing solitarily from the
middle of the tendrils, peduncled, ovate, dense.—Flowers numerous,
and very minute, greenish purple-—Calyx small, five-toothed. Pe-
tals five, ovate-oblong, at first spreading, afterwards reflex, and not

cohering at top as in some of the species. Nectary a five-toothed,
Hhh

394 | PENTANDPRIA MONOGYNIA. Vitis.

‘ saucer-shaped body, surrounding the base of the germ.—-Filaments
five, nearly as long as the petals.—Germ superior, nearly round, two-
celled, with two ovula in each, attached to the bottom of the cell,

Siylenone. Stigma five-lobed.

2. V. lanata, R.

Shrubby, climbing. Leaves cordate, serrate, woolly underneath.
Macemes panicled, leaf-opposed. Petals Cohering attop.

A native of the forests amongst the Circar mountains. Flowering
time the cold season.*

Trurk woody, climbing over trees, &c.s young shoots very long,
covered with a little rusty wool.— fendrils opposite, simple, or split.
— Leaves alternate, petioled, cordate, serrate; above a little woolly,
below much so; four inches long, by three broad. —Petioles round,
woolly, two inches long.— Peduncles opposite, composed of com-
pound racemes, a little woolly — Flowers very numerous, small,
green, fascicled.— Petals cohering at the top; when they drop they
seem to be a monopetalous corol, and what was the top must then

be considered as the bottom,— Berries round, purple, succulent, size

of a pea, one- or two-seeded.

3. V. latifolia, R.

Herbaceous, climbing. Leaves cordate-Jobate, crenate-serrate,
smooth. Tendrils panicle-bearing. Petals oblong. Germs em-
braced by a nectarial cup,

Vallia-Pira-Pitica, Rheed. mal. vii, 13. €. 7

Beng. Govila.

A native of Bengal and of the warmer maritime parts of India,
blossoming about the beginning of the rainy season; and ripening

its fruit in July.
Root tuberous.—Stem and branches herbaceous, climbing, round,

* Also common in Bengal and Behar. Isuspect that Y. tomentosa and triloba, Roth. nov.
Spec. 157, are varieties of this plant—N. W:

Vitis. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.- 475

and smooth, very long, and slender, running over trees, &c. to agreat
extent.—Tendrils leaf-opposed, generally two-parted, panicle-bear-
ing,— Leaves petioled, alternate, always opposite to a tendril, near-
ly of a round, cordate-lobate shape, with three, five, or seven rather
acute lobes; margins serrate-dentate, pretty smooth on both sides,
length and breadth from three to nine inches.—Panicles issuing
solitari!y from the middie of the tendrils before they divide, peduncles
ovate, dense.— Flowers very numerous, small, of adeep reddish brown,
—Bractes \inear.—Calyr small, obscurely five-toothed.—-Petals
oblong, at first expanding, then reflexed.—Germ superior, nearly
round, two-celled, with two ovula in each, attached to. the bottom.of
the cell. S¢ylenone. Stigma a pit in the lobate apex of the germ.
— Berry of the size, shape, and appearance of a black currant, rarely
more than twoeseeded.— Perisperm conform to the seed.— Embryo
erect, in the lower half of the perisperm. Cofyleduns.nearly round.
Radicle inferior.

4. V. parvifolia, R.

Leaves angle-cordate, three-lobed, crenate-serrate, smooth: Sti-
pules oval. Thyrses lea{-opposed, few-flowered.

A slender, perennial vine, of exactly the habit of the common
grape vine ;a native of the eastern part of Bengal. Blowers in Fe.
bruary.*

Stems and old branches ligneous, considerably flattened, ten or
twelve feet high. Bark dark brown, with the exterior lamina thin,
and frequently peeling off ; young shoots somewhat angular, and pret-
ty smooth.— Leaves simpie, cordate, sometimes three-lobed, crenate-
serrate, apex somewhat attenuate, smooth on both sides, about two
inches long.—Tendrils bifid.— Stipules oval, caducous.— Thyrses op-
posite to the leaves, diverging, very small, and only a little longer than
the peticles.—F lowers very minute, green.—Ca/yr obscurely five-
lobed.— Petals five, cohering, and falling off in one body. —Nectary

* Common also in all parts of Nipal ; see obs. under V. glandulosa, p, 479.—-N. W.
Hhha

—

476 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Vitis.

five rounded scales, embracing the base of the germ, alternate with
the filaments.—Fi/aments five, length of the germ, at first erect, but
by age becoming recurved. Anthers ovate-—Germ round, four-
celled, with aic ovulum in each, attached to the base of the axis.
Style scarcely any. Stigma obscurely lobed.

Additional species by N. W,
3. V. glaberrima, Wall.

Smooth, fleshy. Stem four-cornered. Leaves ovate-oblong, sub-«
cordate, sub-obtuse, remotely bristle-crenate, Corymbs equalling
the leaves, sub-simple, consisting of a number of umbeliets. Fiew-
ers quadritid, nectariferous, with linear-oblong pelals; Berries twoe
celled. Stipules fleshy oval glands.

A native of Pinang, where it was found by Mr. Porter in flower

53
in December,

This is a fleshy ramous species, smooth on all its parts, with
slender, obtusely four-cornered, jointed stem and branches. The
former is woody at the base. © Leaves alternate, from three to five
inches long, with very remote small crenatures, in each of which
there is a short bristle; obtuse, rarely acute, trinerved at the base,
having, besides, someremote, sub-opposite, lateral nerves; veinless; on
petiols of about an inch or an inch anda halflong. Stipules opposite,
fleshy, oval, obtuse, glandular. ‘There are no tendrils observable im
any of my specimens, Corymbs oblong, opposite to a leaf or termi-
nal, divided into several alternate branches, each containing two or
three umbels of large, greenish, smooth flowers, which are oblong
before expansion, Pedicels half an inch long.—Ca/yzx flattish,
almost truncate.—Petals nearly three lines long. Stamina four,
surrounding a four-lobed nectary. Berry two-celled; the ripe one

not observed.

Obs. The marks by which Vitis is separated from Cissus, Ampe-

Vitis. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 477

lopsis and Botria, Lour. are so poor and vague, that they hardly
admit of being employed for the purpose of affording the sub-diyisi-
ons of one genus, aud much less for descriminating four genera. [
conform therefore, without hesitation to the decision of Mr. Brown,
in the appendix to Tuckey’s Expedition to Congo, p. 465, by which
they al] become united under Vitis, Besides those, which 1 am now
adding, I have a great number of species, the publication of which I
must yeserve for another opportunity. ‘The tribe is a difficult one,
aud requires much caution, in order to avoid confusion,

The plant just described comes near to Roxburgh’s Cissus cordata
(repens, Lam.) which I have found both in flower and fruit at Sin-
gapore In October, and which (at least one closely allied to it), I have
also from Silhet; but it differs in the oblong-cordate obtuse leaves,
four-cornered stem and branches, and its long corymbs of alternate
umbells; the flawers are larger, It is not far removed from Loureiro’s
C, umbellata, which differs, chiefly, in having most entire, opposite
leaves and woolly petals.

The berries of Roxburgh’s L, cordata are larger than those of

heede’s Meriam-pulli, and one-seeded, as correctly observed _by that
author and by Rumphius, in treating of his Funis crepitans minor,
Herb. Amb. v. 446, t. 1614. f. 2.—N. W,

6. V. gracilis, Wall.

Stem filiform, villous while quite young. Leaves ovate-cordate,
altenuate and acuminate, cuspidate-dentate, pubescent above, with
villous nerves underneath. Stipules semi-cordate, villous. Spikes
filiform, most numerous, short, forming elongated, long-peduncled,
cirrhiferous, villous clusters. Flowers minute, four-cleft, Berries
three-seeded,

1 found this at Singapore in flower and fruit in September,

‘This is an extremely slender species with filiform stem and branch-
es, which are scarcely thicker than a crow-quill; all the young parts
as also the petiols, nerves of the leaves and inilorescence covered
with dense cinnamon-coloured down,—Leaves three inches long,

47S PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Vitis.

membranous, tapering into a sharp acumen, margin rounded, mark-
ed with remotish, cuspidate teeth ; the under side marked with three
nerves at the base, besides several opposite, parallel ones; veined ;
lobes of the base rounded; sinus very small. FPetiol about one.
third the length of the Jeaf itself. | C/usters extremely slender, pen-
dulous, tapering from the base, about three inches long, equalling
their filiform peduncles, which bear a simple tendril at the middle.
Spikes very numerous, filiform, brown, villous, sessile, the lower-
most often geminate, an inch long, the rest gradually shorter.
Flowers exceedingly small, four-cleft, approximate, globular, sessile,
villous. Berries ovate, with three triangular, large seeds,—N. W.

7.V. barbata, Wall.

Stem, branches, petiols and peduncles covered with copious long
capitate bristles, Leaves round-cordate, sinuato-dentate, slightly
three-lobed, smoothish, Clusters disposed in oval bunches bear-
ing a dichotomous tendril. Flowers four-cleft. Style none.

A native of the district of Szlhet, and from thence communicated
by Mr. De Silva; it flowers in August,

Beng. ‘Yagora (Btistts).

This is a remarkable species and cannot he confounded with any
of the rest. It approaches to V. latifolia.—The stem and branches
long, cylindric, very thickly beset with long, pale, ferruginous, subu-
late, capitate, spreading, rather softish bristles. Leaves very large,
acumiate, five-nerved, veined, a little woolly along the vessels on
both sides ; the sinus at the base deep and narrow, the lobes very
large, rounded, and approaching each other.—Petiols about half
the length of the leaves, bristly, with a pair of small stipules at
the base.—The bunches consist of numerous short villous racemes
of four-cleft, smooth, sub-sessile flowers. Common peduncle bristly,
equalling the petiol, bearimg a very long smoothish, twice dichg-
tomous ¢endril above its middle. Nectarial ring and style wanting.

—N. W.

Vitis. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 479

8. V. clandulosa, Wall.

Stem dotted, roughish, Branches villous. Leaves broad-cordate,
oyate, three-lobed throughout, villous underneath, with the axi's of the
nerves vlandular. Tendrils dichotomous, Corymbs short, dichotomous.

t have found this on the meuntains about the valley of Nipal, where
it blossoms with the other Vinifere, chiefly, during the rainy season,
ripening its fruit towards the close in September aud October.—In
the Hon. Company’s botanic garden at Calcutta it blossomed freely
in May and June.

Stems round, with grayish dotted bark ; branches round, slender,
jomted, pubescent, Leaves broad ovate-cordate, acuminate, three-
lobed, sometimes with two additional lobes towards the base; lobes
acute, grossly dentate, teeth rounded, ending in a short cuspis; four or
five inches long, five-nerved, pubescent above, villous underneath,
with opposite lateral nerves, and with a hairy pit in all the axils of
the principal vessels.— Pefiol slender, pubescent, about half as long
as the leaf.—Stipules semicordate, membranous, withering.— Flowers
small, five-cleft, s moothish, disposed in short dichotomous corymbs.
Peduncles pubescent, common one equalling the Jeaf and often
bearing a twice or thrice dichotomous tendril.—Nectarial ring cre-
nate, five-lobed. Berry small, round, deep purple, four-seeded,

/

smooth,

Obs. This species comes near to V. parvifolia, Roxb. which is
very common on the mountains of Nipal and Sirmore, but differs in
the followme points. Its stem is scabrous somewhat ash-coloured and
the branches jointed, villous; in the other the stem is covered witha
smooth, brown, separating epidermis, the branches are without joints,
and only here and there furnished with a little loosely adhering
wool. Its leaves are rather larger, with broad rounded teeth, three-
lobed throughout, and villous underneath; in Roxburgh’s plant they are

sometimes without any lobes at all, the teeth are acute, and the un-

der surface smooth except a fascicle of hairs in the primary axils
of the vessels. ‘The inflorescence of the latter forms a bunch, consist-

480 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Vitis,

ing of n.any-flowered umbellets and the tendrils are simply bifid ;
while in my plant the inflorescence is more open, dichotomous, few-
flowered, and the tendrils several times dichotomous.—N. W.

j

9. V. rugosa, Wail. .

All the upper parts densely tomentose, ferruginous. Leaves broad-~
cordate, acuminate, unequally three-lobed, dentate, villous and
rugose above, woolly underneath. © Corymbs ovate, dense, consist-
ing of innumerable umbellate, pentandrous flowers. Petals linear,
spreading.

A native of all the mountain and other forests in Nipal,

Branches very long, obscurely four-cornered, with asmoothish, brown,
shining epidermis. Ail the upper parts, as well as the young shoots
and under surface of the leaves densely clothed in a web of sepa-
rable ferruginous tomentum which becomes pale and nearly white
by age. Tendrils opposite to the leaves and branches, twice dicho-
tomous, becoming smooth by age. Leaves broad-cordate, acumi-
nate, trilobed, acutely dentate ; sometimesas large as those of the com-
mon Burdock 3; upper ne villous, elegantly rugose, almost like
these of Rubus rugosus of Dr. Hamilton (Rees’s Cyclop. in loco) ;
under surface strongly ribbed, lateral lobes rather short, unequal in sizes
those of the base large, rounded.— Pefiol thick, tomentose, half the
Jength of the leaf.— Corymb ovate, dense, hoary, ferruginous.— Flow-
ers umbellate, small, five-cleft. Petals lanceolate, recurved, quickly
deciduous as are also the spreading purplish shamans. A narrow, yel-
lowish, crenulate disc surround the ovary.

Obs. Resembles V. lanata, Roxb. consequently also V. tomentosa
and triloba, Roth, but seems to differ in its far greater size, and its
spreading, not cohering petals. —N. W.

10. V. rubifolia, Wall.
- Branches angular, villous. Leaves pinnate, with five pairs of ob-
long, acuminate, grossly and sharply serrate, sub-cordate leaflets;
the odd one sub-ovate 5 their under surface glaucous, a litile hairy.

Vitis.’ PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. - 48h

This singular species was communicated to me by Mr. De Silva
from the Juyuntiya mountains on the eastern frontiers of Bengal
where it blossoms in June.

Beng. Rajgagee (A15sist).

It appears to be a large climbing shrub.—Stem brown, smooth,
as thick as a commonratan. branchlets slender, villous, angular.
—Leaves about six inches long. Common footstalk densely beset
with brownish short hairs. Leaflets from seven to eleven, about
two and a half inches long, smooth above, a little villous underneath;
the lowermost on petiols measuring nearly half an inch, the rest short.
petioled; the odd or terminal one mostly sub-ovate; they are all
marked with large cuspidate, unequal serratures, without being in
the least lobed.—Tendrils leaf-opposed, bifid.—Corymbs slender,
open, dichotomous, slightly villous.

Ols. Mr. Be Silva informs me that the flowers are fragrant and
of a yellowish green colour and that the fruit is esculent. I have only
seen the former in a very imperfect state, but [ have no doubt of the
plant belonging to this genus, It comes very near to V. pinnata,
Vahl. Symb. iii. 43. (Ampelopsis, Syst. Veg. v.32, ) communicated
to that botanist by my worthy preceptor and friend Professor Schue
macher and supposed by Sir J. E. Smith, Rees’s Cyclop. in loco,
to be a mere variety of Vitis lacintosa. It differs in being hairy and
in the leaflets being oblong with a sub-cordate base and numerous large
serratures.— The leaves are much like those of a Rubus.—N. W.

11. V. semicordata, Wall.

Leaves ternate, their under surface villous, as are also the young
branches. Leaflets acuminate, cuspidato-serrate ; the /ateral ones se-
mi-cordate, very gibbous ; the imtermediate ones ovate, tapering down-
wards, Cymes oblong.

This 1 have only found on the mountain of Shivapore in Nipal,
blossoming in September.

- A large climbing perennial shrub; stem covered with biown
. Lii

—

482 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Vitis.

smooth bark, besprinkled with copious callous dots.— Young bran-
ches covered with long, spreading, ferruginous, very soft, jointed hairs,
— Leaves approximate, ternate, coriaceous, smooth above, villous
and reticulate undearneath, nearly equalling their villous peézo/s.—
Leaflets about three inches long, cuspidato-serrate, acuminate,
sub-sessile; dateral ones obliquely semi-cordate, their outerside
being very broad and the base round, gibbous; the inner one narrow
and acute, the middle leaflet 1s broad-ovate, tapering downwards. —
Stipules lanceolate, adpressed, withering. Yendri/s long, smooth,
twice or thrice dichotomous.—Cymes terminal on the branchlets,
or opposite the leaves, oblong, dichotomous, fleshy, smooth, with
lanceolate Uractlets. Flowers sub-umbellate, smooth, greenish, five-
cleft—Calyx membrane-margined, obscurely five-lobed. Petals
oblong, spreading, headed at the apex. Stamens spreadin>.— Ovary
obscurely five-cornered, twe-celled, with two erect ovulas Style

columnar. Stigma truncate.—N. W.

12. V. mollisstima, Wall.

Leaves ternate, covered with very dense, soft, whitish hairs; the
lateral leaflets acuminate, unequally crenate, semi-ovate ; the znter-
mediate ones elliptic, with a mnarrew sub-retuse base. Cymes divas
ricate, dichotomous, villous, Evowers tetrandrous. Berries round,
smooth, four-seeded,

A native of the mountains of Pinang, blossoming during the rainy
season. Communicated by Mr, Porter.

A large, extensive climber, with slender, brown, smooth, callous-
dotted branches. Leaves a span or more jong, covered on both sides
with long, extremely soft, dense hairs, becoming somewhat smoother
above as they grow old or are produced on older branches. Leaflets
from five to six inches long, unequally and obtusely, sometimes gross-
ly crenate, ending in a fine acumen; strongly vascular underneath $
the lateral ones semi-ovate or semi-cordate, sub-sessile; the znters
mediate ones elliptic, narrow and obtuse, sometimes even retuse af

the base.—Common footstaik three inches long, villous, covered with

Vitis. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 433

reddish hairs. Séipules membranous, lanceolate, ciliate, deciduous.
—Tendrils very long, smooth, once or twice dichotomous. — Cyimes
axillary, broad, flat, divaricate, dichotomous. Flowers large, tetran-
_ drous.— Berries nearly as large as a cherry.

Obs. The leaflets do not fall of on being dried, and those of the
young shoots attain in that state a yellowish green colour.—N. W.

13. V. bracteolata, Walt.

Smoothish, slender. Leaves ternate, cuspidato-serrulate ; the las
teral leaflets semi-ovate. Cymes long-peduucled, much divided, with
oblong, deciduous bractes. L/ewers tetrandrous.

A native of the Juyunt7ya mountains, where it was found in flower
in September by Mr. De Silva,

Beng. Vita gwaleeya Luta (fai ataitgi asi).

Smooth, sleuder, ramous; the upper parts slightly pnbescent,—
Leaves teinate ; leaflets cuspidato-serrulate, acuminate, three inches
long ; a litt:e pubescent underneath ; the Zateral ones semi-ovate ; the
antermediate ones lanceolate.—Common footstalk slender, two inches
long; partial nearly equal, scarcely one-third of an inch Jong, villous.
Stipules ovate, caducous, smooth.—-Tendrils long, simple. Cymes
axillary, on long, filiform pubescent peduncles, di- or trichotompus,
with an oblong, concave, membranous, deciduous, smooth bracte une

dereach division, Lowers very small, tetrandrous.—N. W.

14. V. cinznamomea, Wait: ,

Clothed with dense, soft, ferruginous tomentum,
simple, ovate-cordate, sub-trilobate, to ternate and quinate, with se-
Corymbs long, pendulous, cirrhiferous,

Leaves from

mi-cordate lateral leaflets.
consistingof mostapproximate, divaticate spikes, Plowerstetrandrous,
fT found this species in the 2slands in the straits of Malacca, Pi
nang, Singapore, Pulo Dingding, &c. blossoming and in fruit dure
ing the rainy season,
A very powerful shrub, climbing over large trees, the branches
Lii2

484 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA) Musaj

and inflorescence hanging down in beautiful festoons. Branches
round, clothed with a great abundance of thick, cinnamon- or rust-
coloured, soft tomentum; while young extremely hoary.— Leaves
large, leathery, a span long, trinerved, the lateral nerves pedate; va-
rying from undivided, broad-ovate, entire or acutely three-lobed,
witha slightly cordate base and acuminate apex, to ternate, or pedato-
quinate. Leaflets five or six inches long, acutely dentate, acumi-
nate; lateral either semi.cordate, or cuneate at the base, in the latter
case there is on each side an additional somewhat smaller leaflet ; the
intermediate ones longer than the rest, tapering much downwards,
sub-sessile. ‘They are densely tomentose and strongly marked with
ferruginous ribs on both sides, Petio/s from two to three inches
long, tomentose, ferruginous.—Stipules lanceolate, hoary.— Fendrils
long, hoary, undivided, mostly corymbiferous.—Corymbs from six to
eight inches long, slender, sub-cylindric, hoary and ferruginous, con-
sisting of very numerous, crowded, from one to three inches long,
sessile, spreading or reflected spzkes, of minute, globular, sessile, te-
trandrous, smooth flowers. Berries roundish, smooth, purple, three=
to four-cornered, containing three or four triangular seeds.

Obs. This is a most charming plant, remarkable on account of —
the varying form of its leaves and the dense tomentum with which
most of its parts are covered.—N. W. !

MUSA, Schreb. gen. N. 1563.

Polygamous. Calyx. Spathes partial, one- or many-flowered. Corol
of two unequal petals. Flowers all hermaphrodite. Maie-herma-
phrodite toward the apex of the spadix. Germ inferior, abortive.
Female-hermaphrodite toward the base of the spadix. Germ infe-
rior, three-ceiled, cells many-seeded, attachment central. Berry

oblong, three-celled, many-seeded. Embryo central, and amply
furnished with a perisperm.

1. M, sapientum, IVilld. spec. iv. p. 894.
Spadix drooping, spathes ovate, deciduous; those of the females

Musa, PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA- 485

hermaphrodite flowers of the wild plant often wither and remain
till the seeds are ripe, but in the cultivated varieties they are always
deciduous.

Bata, Rheed. Mal. i. 17. ¢.12. 13. and 14.

Musa, Rumph. amb. v. 130. t. 60.

Ram-Kulla, Walli-kulla, Ram-jakialia-kulla, “are the names the
wild Banana, and plantain are known by at Chittagong, where they
are found indigenous in the forests and blossom during the rains.

Sunes. REAt, Kudulee, @MCWAaT, Varunubhoosa, TRAIT,
Rumbha, Ata, Mocha, ALAIN, Ungshoomutphula, @TSTAT,
Kashtheela, AMAT, Soophula, FATE, Scokoomara, AHRAWAT,
Sukrétphula, ARVARAT, Goochchhuphula, Stataagrar, Hise
shanee, TVAaat Goochchhuduntika, @TZtrat, Kashtheerusa,
faaret, Niésara, ATI, Rajesta, Fantwar, Balukupriya,
SEAT, Ooroostumbha, AAR TT, Bhanoophula, qaqa, Vue

nulukshmee.

Beng. Kula.

Telinga. Aretti; and Komaretti the cultivated plantain.

The varieties of the Banana, cultivated over India, are very numer-
ous, but fewer of the plantain, as IT have hitherto obtained know-
ledge of only three; whereas, I may safely say, not less than ten
times that number of the former have come under my inspection.

Their duration, culture, habit, and natural character are already
weil known; I shall therefore confine myself to (what [ think,) the
origival wild Musa, from which I conclude all the cultivated varies
ties of both plantain and banana proceed, and which I consider as
varieties of that one species,

In the course of two years, from the seed received from Chitta-
gong, these attained to the usual height of the cultivated sorts which
is about ten or twelve feet. They blossom at all seasons, thouglt
generally during the rains ; and ripen their seed in five or six months

afterwards; the plant then perishes down to the root, which long be-

486, PENTANDRIA MONOGYNEA. Musa,

fore this time, has produced other shoots; these continue to. grow
up, blossom, &c. in succession for several years.

Their Leaves are exactly as in the cultivated sorts.—Spadix sims
ple, drooping.—Spathes partial, numerous, ovate, concave, smooth,
crimsou on the inside; outside darker-coloured, six or eight of these.
mearest the base of the spadix embrace a double row of female-
hermaphrodite flowers, and are not always deciduous, but sometimes,
wither, and remain till the seeds are ripe. All the rest, and they are
very numerous, expanding in succession for two or three months,
embrace similar double rows of abortive, or male-hermaphrodite
flowers ; which, with their spathes, are always deciduous.—Calyz no
other than the just mentioned spathes.—Corod of two, dissimilar pe-.
tals; the exterior one with an unequally five-toothed apex, which
soon becomes revolute, the zaner one sometimes called the nectury,
half the length of the exéerior one; when forcibly expanded thev are
nearly round, but in their natural state oblong, and deeply concave,
with an emarginate apex, and incurved, ensiform point.—-Palaments in
both flowers five, with sometimes the rudiment of a sixth. Anthers
in the male-hermaphrodite linear, and as long as the filaments; in
the female-hermaphredite minute, aud without pollen.—Germ in-
ferior, oblong, three-celled, with from four to five or six rows of ovula in
each cell, regularly attached to a central, fleshy receptacle axis ; by
their growth they are forced from the regular situation in which they are
found in the germ, their insertions cannot then be easily traced; in the
male-hermaphrodite they are abortive. Style cylindric. Stigma threes,
lobed, large and clammy.—Berry oblong, tapering to each end; of
a soft fleshy consistence, smooth and yellow, marked, longitudinally
with five ribs, three-celled ; the partitions distinct, but soft and pulpy,
and no doubt disappear when dry, and long kept.—Seeds numer-
ous, the size of a small pea, round, turbinate, tubercled; the ealerzor.
half dark-chesnut or blackish toward the umbilicus, which 1s a large
circular cavity; light brown. Integument, &c. as described and figure

ed by Gaertner, Carp. 1, 25. 9. ¢ 11.

Musa. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 487

2 M. coccinea, Andr. Repos. i. 47.

Spadix and spathes straight, the latter one= or two-flowered, and
permanent.

Chin. Ou-ang-chok-chee.

This has been brought from China, where it is said to be indiz
genous. It thrives well in the Company’s botanic garden at Cal-
cutta, where I long took it for the banana in a dwarf state ; a state
the Chinese have the art of reducing mest plants to; but now, after
repeated examination for many years, T find it is undoubtedly a per-
manenty distinct species. It resembles the Banana aud Plantain
in habit, and in its perennial root.

Stem erect, generally three or four feet high, and about as thick
as aman’s arm, Like the other species they perish soon after fruc-
tification, and like them, are succeeded by shoots trom the root.—
Leaves linear, &c, as in M. Sapientum.—Spadir erect.—Spathes
linear-oblong, boat-shaped, erect, obtuse, both sides smooth, and of a
bright scarlet colour; all are permanent, and embrace one, or at
most two flowers.— F/owers, the inferior ones are female-hermaphroa
dite and fertile. he superior ones male-hermaphrodite and abortive.
With Gaertner I consider the corol as two-petalled in this genus,
(and not as a nectary ;) and in this species it is particularly so. In
M., Sapientum the,two ovate scales over the inside of the fissures of
the exterior petal may be called nectarial. Petals two, as long as
the stamens, somewhat ringent; the exterior one involving the interior
like a spathe, its apex three-parted; the lateral divisions thereof end-
ing in a slender hormlet; the middle one is broader and three=parted 3
soon after expansion they become reflected, then revolute. Interior
petal nearly as long as the exterior, apex sometimes entire, sometimes
three-parted.— Ftlaments uniformly five, surrounding three-fourths
of the style. Anthers in the male-hermaphrodite flowers linear,
about as long as the filaments, with a deep polliniferous groove on
each margin; those of the fertile, or female-hermaphrodite flowers
are small, and totally destitute of pollen.—Germ inferior, oblong,
three-celled, &c. Style as long asthe stamens. Stigma oval, ob-

488 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Musa,

scurely three-lobed.—Pertcarp of the male-hermaphrodite flowers
abortive, of the female-hermaphrodite ones fertile, oblong, and a
little compressed, pulpy, about two inches long, and less than one
broad, when ripe yellow, divided internally into three cells, with a_
double row of seeds in each, these seeds however rarely come to
maturity here. .

The plant is highly ornamental, which so far as I know, is all
that can be said in its favor.

3. M. ornata, R.

Spadir erect ; spathes deciduous, three-flowered, lanceolate. Bots
petals of the corols equal in length.

Beng. Ramanigee-kula.

A native of Chittagong, where this and some other sorts are
“commonly called monkeys plantains. Except in size and manner of
flowering, this species does not in any respect differ from the coms
mon cultivated sorts already well known. In the botanic garden at
Calcutta, they blossom and ripen their seeds the whole year.

Root perennial, pushing forth a successions of stems every way like
those of the cultivated sorts, only about as thick as a man’s arm, and
in general, in a rich soil from three to five feet high.— Leaves petioled,
&c. as the common plantain.—Spadix erect.—Spathes partial, alter-
nate, boat-shaped, broad-lancevlate, obtuse, smooth, striated, colour
a most lovely light purple or lilac, two- or three-flowered, deciduous,
¥enoth from four to six inches.— Flowers, the inferior five or six spathes
ae occupied by female-hermaphrodite ones, all the rest, (and they are
very numerous,) by male-hermaphrodite ones; all are orange-colour-
ed.—-Corol two-petalled, the exterior one irregularly five-toothed,
the Jateral segments with calcarate apices. The caer petal is as long

s the exterior one, thin, and membranaceous.— filaments five, in
some flowers there is the minute rudiment of asixth. Anthers ia the
male-hermaphrodite flowers linear, as long as the filaments, in the
femaie ones most minute and abortive.—Germ inferior, in the fe-

male-hermaphrodite flowers large, and linear-oblong, with three most

Musa. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIAs 489

distinct cells, &c. in the male one minute. S/yle in the former twice
as long as the filaments, with a large clammy stigma ; in the latter
shorter than the stamens, very slender, and with scarcely any stigma
at all.—- Berry Jinear-oblong, slightly incurved, obscurely four- or five-
sided, with the angles much rounded, smooth, fleshy, when ripe dull
yellowish green, about the size of a man’s little finger, three-celled.—
Seeds many in a single row in each cell, compressed, tending to be
quadrangular, tubercled, very black, inserted into the soft fleshy pare
tutions. Perisperm and embryo as in the former species.

A very pretiy ormamental plant,* and would no doubt be much

admired in Europe.

4. M. superba, R.

Root fibrous and perishing with the short conical stem. Leaves
petioled, but not sheathing. Spadix nodding. Spathes cordate,
many-flowered, those of the female-hermaphrodite flower permanent.

A native of the vallies of the southern parts of the peninsula
of India. From Dindigul Dr. Anderson of Madras received it
into his garden and from thence introduced into the botanic garden

at Calcutta, where the plants thrive, blossom and ripen their seeds

at various times of the year.
Trunk almost conical, being only three feet to the leaves, seven

and half in circumference close to the ground, and four and half im.
mediately under the leaves; and invested with the numerous, some~
what stem-clasping bases of those that have decayed; height of the
whole plant to the highest part of the curvature of the spadix, thire
teen feet, —Leaves numerous, equally surrounding every part of the
stem, petioled, lanceolate, very entire, until broken by wind, &c. filis
form, pointed, smooth on both sides, with numerous parallel, di-
verging veins; from five to ten feet long, and from two to three broad.
—Petiols about two feet long; those of the lower leaves have their
bases broad and embrace the stem; while those near the inflores«

* This is probably M. rosacea, Jacqu. which has been well figured in Botan. Regist, ix.~
706, A aud B.—N, W,
Jij

eg ear:

*

Se

ee

490 ” PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 5 Muse.

cence have long, stem-clasping sheaths, like those of the pluntain
and banana; semi-cylindric on the under side, and deeply channel-
led on the upper one, —Spadix terminal, simple, drooping, before any
of the spaihes expand cordate.—-Spathes numerous, expanding in
succession, broad-cordate, slightly ribbed, smooth, ferruginous, ma-
ny flowered, permanent, and not becoming revolute.— Flowers nu-
merous, from twenty to thirty in a double series to each spathe; the
female-hermaphrodite ones occupy the bases, or lower spathes; and
tiie male-hermaphrodite ones the superior.— Perianth none.—Corol;
getals two, very unequal, Exterior petal ivoiving the inner one
like aspathe, leathery, three-parted; the linear divisions often adher-

ing by their margins; soon after expansion they become twisted into.

‘one body. Jnner petal five or six times shorter than the exterior

one, pale-coloured, almost pellucid, and composed of two sub-ro-
tund lobes with an ensiform process between them; from the inside
of the insertion of this petal a very large quantity of transparent jelly
is discharged.—Nectary two filiform scales inserted over the two
fissures of the exterior petal. Thus far the male and femate-herma-
phrodite flowers agree,— Filaments five, with the rudiment of a sixth
on the underside. Anthers in the male-hermaphrodite flower longer
and thicker than the filaments. In the female-hermaphrodite they
are wanting, or only smail, black, withered points.—Germ beneath.
In the female-hermaphrodite flower large, three-celled, and fertile ;
in the male one small, and barren. ‘Style linear, thick, and fleshy.
In the female-hermaphrodite flower twice as long as its barren sta-
mens, In the male-hermaphrodite one only half the length of the
fertile stamens. Stigma in both somewhat three-grooved, and ob-
scurely six-lobed, clammy.— Pericarp. Berry oblong, size of a
goose egg, smooth, three-celled, when ripe nearly dry, so little pulp
is there on the fruit of this species.— Seeds numerous, angular, and
black.—Perisperm and embryo as in the former species.

5.M. glauca, KR.
Root fibrous, and perishing with the columnar stem. Spadix

drooping, spathes ovate-lanceolate, imbricated, from ten- to twenty=

=>

Musa, PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 491

flowered, permanent; those of the male-hermaphrodite flowers wither-
ing.

A very stately, elegant, perfectly distinct, strongly marked species,
a native of Pegu, and from thence introduced, by the discoverer,
Mr. F. Carey, into the botanic garden at Calcutta, where it blos-
soms in May, and the seeds ripen in October and November, Like
my M. superba it never produces suckers, consequently it must be
reared from the seed, which it furnishes in great abundance; the fruit
containing little else, even fit for a monkey to eat. The whule
plant has a pale glaucous appearance which, with its columnar stem
and total want of suckers, readily distinguish this from all the other
Muse known to me,

Root fibrous, about triennial, for like that of my superba, it pe-
rishes with the plant, when it has perfected its seed, and uot like
the cultivated sorts, tuberous, permanent, and furnishing a succes-
sion of suckers, by which they are quickly and abundantly propa-
gated.—Stem simple, erect, columnar, from ten to twelve feet high
and about twe feet in circumference.—Leaves numerous round the
apex of the stem, &c.as in M. Sapientum.—Spadix in this species
rather long-peduncled, perfectly pendulous, base occupied with fer-
tile female-hermaphrodite flowers, which are completely hid under
the permanent, ovate-lanceolate spathes ; the barren or male-her-
maphrodite flowers occupy all the rest to the very apex, and con-
tinue to blossom in succession until the seeds are ripe, by which
time this part greatly exceeds in leugth ihe fertile part, and continues
covered with the withered, but permanent spathes.*—Corol, stamina,
and pistillum, as in M, Sapientum, Xc.— Berries trigonally clavate,
as thick as a cucumber, and about four or five inches long, smooth,
striated lengthways with small veins, colour when ripe a mixture
of green yellow and pink, three-celled. — Seeds, rather Nuts, a few
in each cell, oval, size of a field bean. Integument a perfect, hard,
black, substantial nut, divided into three transverse cells, the up-

™ This part the end of the pendulous infloresceace sometimes becomes enlarged and flat-
tened like the top of the stem of Celosia cristata._N, W,

Jjj2

492 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNTA. BMusa.

permost and lowermost filled with spongy matter, the middle one is
occupied by the friable white perisperm, in the middle of the base
thereof is lodged the small, simple, short, sub-obconic embryo, the
whole nearly as in Gaertner’s Sapientum, carp. 1. 28.0. 11.f. 1.

6. M. nepalensis, Wall.
Stem lengthened and sheathed, conical. Leaves spreading in all
directions on short petiols. Spadix slightly nodding.

Newar Gompoo kula. é

Lhave found it in various parts of Nipal from Becheaco to the
valley, growing on the smaller mountains, and delighting im dense,
shady forests. It commences blossoming as soon as the rainy sea-
son sets in and ripens its fruit during the close of it.

Trunk short, cone-shaped, very thick at the base, measuring as far
as two feet in diameter, covered with the withered bases of the old
petiols; from thence tapering gradually towards the top where the
leaves are fewer, more distant aud much smaller; the heighth scarce-
ly exceeds five or six feet.—The leaves as in M. superba rather
smaller and somewhat glaucous; the uppermost become gradually
very short, until they atlength change into barrren spathes.— Petiols
decurrent and sheathing, as those of M. glauca.—Inflorescence very
large and showy, clavate, nodding; before expansion closely im-=
bricate like a large cabbage ; spathes withering, deep purple and fure
furaceous within; their apex recurved, mostly two-lobed.—F lowers
yellowish, placed in two rows within each spathe, seven or eight im
a row, two inches and a half long.—Hermaphrodite perianthium
double, membranous and sub-diaphanous; exferior one-leaved,
deeply but unequally three-cleft, unilateral; lobes linear, spiral,
hanging down loosely with their apices twisted together in a cylinder,
bases distinct ; before expansion they are sub-valvate, uniting together
in a cylinder which is marked with three blunt angles; the uppermost
fissures proceeding almost to the base, where it widens and receives
the base of the superiorleaflet of the inner perianthium. The inner one

Consists of three distinct leaflets ; the middle or uppermost of which is

Musa. PENPANDRIA MONOGYNIA. — 493

rounded, concave, obtuse, two-lobed, with an intermediate, spear-shape
ed long process; its direction is ascending and opposite to the outer pe-
rianth, scarcely exceeding one-half of its length 5 it is about half an inch
broad, of a remarkably tough fabric, colourless and semi-pellucid, the
inside of Its base covered with a limpid and insipid gelatine; during zs-
livation it embraces the two upper filaments ;—the lateral leaflets are
linear, almost capillary, spreading, a little shorter than the segments
of the exterior perianth, between which, just below the fissures, they
are inserted.— Stamina always five with a rudiment of a sterile sixth
one, inserted ina simple series round the vertex of the ovarium, as long
as the perianth ; filamenis subulate, fleshy 5 anthers linear, recurved,
two-celled, occupying the outer two-thirds of the filaments, with
crispate purplish valves, and large, globular, pale pollen. ‘The sterile
stamen consists of a short, subulate, sub-capitate filament, conceal-
ed under the upper leaflet of the inner perianth (or the upper lip of
the flower) within the base of which it is inserted. —Ovary oblong,
indistinctly three-sided, slightly curved, three-celled ; ovula embed.
ded in pulp and inserted in all directions,—Style short, tapering,
fleshy ; stigma obscurely divided into five or six lobes.—-The énferior
or fertile (female) flowers, as far as I could judge from the wither-
ed remains appeared to agree entirely with those of M. superda,
Fericarp precisely as in that plant,

Obs. 1 am doubtfal if this plant ought to be considered as distinct
from M. superba, or as an intermediate species between that and
M. glauca; differing from the former in the sheathing petiols, aad
from the latter in its stature and inflorescence. I shall better be
able to determine its character when the plants of it, which I brought
down with me, and which thrive very well in the Hon. Comp. bota-
nic garden, shall begin to blossom. All these species are extremely
grand and ornamental when they have attained their full growth and tlre
inflorescence has opened, so as to allow of the flowers being seen
from without. Soon after this period they gradually decay until their
appearance, at the time when the fruit is getting ripe, becomes quite
the reverse of beautiful.—The figure of Bruce’s Ensete (Uravels vy,

. quanneaasind

494 BENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Heliconia,

Append. 386. ¢. ii.) looks very much like these plonts, but his des-
cription, imperfect as it is, does not admit of its being considered
as a congener; still Gmelin makes it a Musa (M. Enseie) in his
edit. of Syst. Nature, 1. 567.—The hardy natives of Nipal eat the
fruit, although it contains little else than hard seeds—N, W.

HELICONIA, Schreb. gen. 403.

Spathes alternate, Calyx none. Corol six-petalled. Nectary one-
Jeaved. Germ inferior, three-celled; ced/s with one or more seeds ;
attachment inferior. Pericarp three-celled, three-valved, seed soli-
tary, or several,

1. A. buccinata, R.

Stemless, Leaves lanceolar, glossy. Spadix central, flexuose,
pubescent; spathes from six to eight, bifarious, diverging, each em-
bracing from six to ten pedicelled flowers. | Nectary oblong; cells
of the germ one-seeded.

Folium buccinatum, Rumph. amb. v. 141. ¢. 62. f. 2.*

From Amboyna plants were brought to the botanic garden at
Calcutta, in 1798, where in seven years they began to blossom dur-
ing the hot season, viz. April and May; but have not yet ripened
their seed in Bengal.

Root consisting of numerous, strong, fleshy fibres, like the common
banana, avd still more permanent than In any species of Musa known
to me.—Stem no other than the united sheathing part of the petiols,
except when in flower the scape then rises through their centre.—
Leaves in numerous bundles from the same root, forming an Im-
mense, beautiful bush; bifarious, petioled, lanceolate, entire, polish-
ed, acute, with diverging veins, from two to four feet long, and ene

* This quotation is correct, for Rumphius is obviously mistaken in referring this fi-
gure to his Folium buccinatum asperum, which seems to be represented by fig. f. ii—Las
marck confounds both plants under his Heliconia indica (Encycl. bot. i. 427.) Our plant
has uot for many years blossomed in thie botanic garden owing perbaps, to its being chiefly
multiplied by separating the offsets.—N. W.

s]

Achyranthes, PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 495

foot broad. Rib protuberant, and pale.— Petioles from three to six

feet long

a)

the lower half sheathing, those within smooth in every
part.— Scape rising through the centre of the sheathing of the
petioles, and elevated but little above them.—Spadir about a
foot long, flexuose, hairy, compound, of from six to ten, alternate,
bjfarious branches.—Spathzs from six to ten, alternate, bifarious,
diverging, smooth, lanceolate, boat-shaped, each embracing a small
raceme, of from six to twelve, pedicelled, pretty large, pale yellow
flowers, which expand in succession.— Bractes numerous, bifarious,
imbricated, linear-lanceolate, acute, villous, each of the most inferior
ones embraces a single flower ; the superior ones are smaller and abare—
tive-—Calyr none, except what IJ take for the corol be so called.—
Petals from six to three interior, and three exterior, unequal in breadth,
but of the same length, linear-lanceolate, all united at the base.
Nectary or sterile-stamen, a single, oblong, acute leaflet, inserted
on the base of the largest of the three exterior petals, and into this
petal no stamen is inserted,— Filaments five, inserted on the base of
the petals on the inside. Anthers linear, erect, with their apices
nearly as high as the stigma.—Germ pedicelled, inferior, three-sided,
three-celled, with one ovulum in each, attached to the bottom of its

cell. Style nearly as long as the petals. Stigma simple.

ACHYRANTHES, Schreb. gen, 404.

Calyx five-leaved, and calycled. Corolnone. Nectary and stigma
various. Germ superior, one-celled, one-seeded, attachment inferior.
Capsule utricular, one-seeded. Embryo annular, with central pes

risperm.

1, A. incana, R.

Annual, erect, hoary. “Leaves lanceolar. Spikes panicled, ters
minal. Nectary ten-toothed.

Ilecebrum javanicum, Willd. spec. i. 1205.

Tresine javanica, Burm, ind, 212, (by mistake $12) tab. G5. f. &,

ADG PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. - Achyranthes.

Found wild in various parts of India, in flawer, and with ripe seed
most part of the year.

Siems nearly erect. Branches few, and nearly erect, all the most
tender parts very hoary, indeed white; general height from three
to five feet.— Leaves alternate, sub-sessile, narrow-lanceolate, entire,
hoary.—-Panicles terminal, composed of, alternate, sessile, incurv-
ed, cylindric spikes, completely crowded with numerous, small,
white flowers.— Calycle two or three, broader, smooth, hyaline
scales, Calyx five-leaved; leaflets lanceolate, hyaline, very wool-
ly toward the base ox the outside ; three of the five rather narrower,
and with a litile green in the centre.—Nectary a short, ten-toothed
cup round the germ.—/¢/aments no other than the teeth of the nec-
tary. Anthkers could not be detected, yet the seeds are fertile.——
Germ superior, obcordate, one-celled, one-seeded. Séyle short.
Stigma two-cleft; segments hairy, and recurved in opposite directi-
on.— Utriculus an entire, one-celled membrane.— Seeds solitary.

Obs. From the above description it appears evident that this plant
is clearly an Achyranthes ; having the entire membranaceous utricu-
lar capsules of that genus, containing a single, lenticular, reniform,
highly polished seed, with central perisperm, and peripherical em-
bryo.* |

9. A. aspera, Willd. spec. 1. 1191.
Biennial, sub-erect, ramous. Leaves opposite, obovate, downy.
Spikes most long, with flowers retrofracted.

Sung. UIA, Upamarga, Suicn, Shikhurzka, Sac TRICE
Dhamarguva, HATA, Muyooruka, TIARGUT, Prutyukpurnee,
Blau, Keeshupurnee, fataut, Kinther, @cagqet, Khuru-
niunjuree, TU F:, Shikhyunga, BAA, Upudha, Rey:, Shulya,
wHel, Murkutee, EUS, Doorgruha, fact, Shikhuree, THR
qa, Prutyukpooshpee, AITETRAE:, Kandakunt@, ectaae:,
Doorubhigruha, AKG, Vushira, aera at, Purakpooshpee,

% Jussieu considers this as belonging to Aerua of Forskael.—A. javanica, Syst. Vego

5S5—N. W.

QDs

Achyranthes. YENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 497

aat, Kutee, aacfauat, Murkutupippulee, qewafeat, Ku-
toomunjurika, — awt, Ghuntee, @ta:, Kshuruka, dfarawen:,
Punktikuntuka, ATATHE:, Malakunta, Hat, Koobja. :

Beng. Ciuchiria, Apang.

Cadelari, Rheed. mal. x. 155. t. 78.

Amaranthus spicatus zeylanicus, foliis obtusis, Burm. zeyl. 16.
t. 50. f. 3.

A woublesome weed in every part of India, chiefly during the rai-
ny and cold season, but in some measure all the year.

Obs. by N. W.

In Nipal J found this plant, rather commonly in the great valley,
in ravines, blossoming during the rainy season.—N. W.

8. A. (Centrostachys, Wall.) aquatica, R.

Herbaceous, straggling to a great extent about the edges of sweet
water. Leaves opposite, lanceolate. Spikes terminal. Flowers
retrofracted. Bractes and scales of the calyx spinous.

Celosia spinescens, Koen. Mss.

A native of Coromandel, where it blossoms during the rainy season!

Obs. by N. WV.

Mr. Brown alludes to this species, in prodr. flor. nov. holl. i. 417,
as receding from the character of Achyranthes. | Supported by his
authority 1 propose detaching the plant into a new genus which
may be called Centrostachys from its pungent inflorescence. It
may be characterized in the following manner: Perianthium five-
parted, pungent, supported by three unequal short membranous
scales ; its upper segment somewhat narrower and longer than the
others, at length ascending. Stamina (five) united into a cup at the
base, with alternating double scales; the outer ones fringed. Anthers

two-celled. Stigma obtuse. Ufriculus one-seeded, oblong, evalvu«
Kkk

Posi
ee BP

498 | PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Achyranthes,»

ar—Frour Achyranthes iv differs in the uneqtial, spinescent perianth,
inoffensive scal-s, aud oblong sub-icniiorm trait; from Nyssanthes,
B wn (ivid, |. 418) to, which it comes stil nearer, in the quinate
paris of the flower, wi all the filameais bemg united at the base, and

In the sort, very thin scales. : : :
| found it in great abundance on ihe margins of Tanks in’ the Tur-

rayee, chieily at Mooi tya, about ten miles from the Shala forest, bes _

tween Soogolee and Bissuldya, in fruitin November. Ln the Hon,
Company’s botanic garden it has been introduced from Siihet and
biossoms freely towards the c.ose of the ralmy seagon, spenlug its
fruit in December.

Native uame at Silhet, Eadeet (x%v.) .

Stems several, growing to many feet im length, as thick asa man’s .

thumb, round, creeping, sometimes floating at the base, scabrous,
with a number of small elévated dots, slightly furrowed; joints a lite
tlé contracted, purplish, the lowermost sending forth a fascicle of cae
pidary radicles.— Branches opposite, sub-simple, generally unequal
in length, pubescent, ascending, as is also the end of the stem.—
Leaves opposite, lanceolate, tapering, finely acuminate, acute at
the base, entire, pubescent, from four to six inches long, with ob-
lique hairy nerves; while young villous, greyish, as are also the ten-
der branches. — Petiol slender, scarcely aipinch long, furrowed, em-
bracing the stem with a slighty elevated line.—Spike terminal, seg-
sile, erect, from six to ten inches long, tapering, cylindric, as thick
asa smail finger.— Ruchis round, viilous.—Fluwers large, numerous,
scattered, approximate, sessile, spreading, supported by three small
transparent, very thin, and membranous, smooth, ciiate bractes ; the
lower one adhering to the rachis, persistent, NGS ate, acute, diet

ly concave; the innertwo much broader, sub-orbicular, imbricating,

bluntish, falling off with the fruit bearing perianth.—Perianthium —

consisting of five lanceolate, most spreading, tapering, acuminate,

gid and pungent segments, _ almost five-leaved, of a green colour,
with membranous margins, perfectly smooth, striate, the uppermost a
little longer and narrower. Soon after fecundation it becomes rigid-

_ Achyranthes. _ PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 499

ly deflected and shuts up in the form of a lengthened, shining, pointe
ed cone, about one-.bird of an inch long, with gibbous base, support-
ed by the persistent short biacie , aud inserted on a fleshy rugose pro-
tuberance of the vachis 3 tbe upper segment ascends slightly in the
form of alid.—Fi/aments five, eiect, somewhat shorter than the fllowe

er, yellow, shining, united at the base mto a short cup,—Authers

erect,twoecelled, orange-coloured. Lobes of the nectary rather short-

er than the filaments, alternating with them, double; cach consistng
of two paraile: membranous scales; the outer longer oue fringed
with long thieads 3 the mner scale much shorter but broader, blunt,
entire. Uvary obl ng, obtuse, ye-lowisb, smooth, longer than the cup
formed of the bases of the filameuts and nectary, one- celled, its ample
Cavity containing at the top a remiform ovulum which is inserted by

one end to the apex ofa long, fleshy, thread-shaped, free placenta,

which rises frum the bottom of the cavity, —Style equailmg tue sta-

mina, slender, smooth, Stigma entire, small, obtuse ; appearing ¢a-

pitate when dried — Utriculus shining, oblong, sub-rentform, perfecte
ly smooth, about two lines long. Placenta tlaitened.— Seed remtorm,
lucid, occupyimy the whole cavity. Perisperm snow- white, formmg
about one-half of the seed, friable, consisting of a number of large,
subulate or oblong bediess—Embryo very large, almost entirely ore

bicular ; cotyledons elongated; radicle ascending, protruding ‘near

“the hilum ot the seed, in other respect precisely like Achyranthes lape
_pacea, in Gertnei’s carpology, li. 214. ¢. 128.—N. W.

4. Av Monsonia, R.
. "Vetraudrous, cespitose, very ramous. Leaves subulate, tufted ;
spikes terminal, sub-cyiind:ic.

lilecebrum Monsonie@, Linn Suppl. 161.

Celosia Monsoma@, Relz. obs. <. p. 18. Willd. spec. i. 1200 ; and

“Ait. kew. i, 288.

‘Amaranthoides spicatum Spergule foliis, Piuck. Almag- Mantis.
11. t. 334. f. 4.— Alimath, 13, t. 357. f. 4.
A native of Bengal and Coromandel, wherext blossoms during the

cool season.
KRkk2

500 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Achyranthes.

Stem none, but numerous branches, with opposite, diverging,
round, somewhat woolly branchlets, spreading close on the ground
and extending to from one to three feet iu length.— Leaves subulate,
opposite, sessile, with tufts of smaller ones in their axi!'s.— Spikes
terminal, ovate-oblong, compact, being closely covered with numer-
ous, minute, rose-coloured tlowers.— Calyx and calycle seven-leaved.,
—Nectary four-leaved, alternate with the stamens.—Séamens four.
——Utricules with a single seed.

5. A. lappacea, Willd. spec. i. 1192.*

Biennial, straggling. Leaves opposite, petioled, ventricose-oblong,
smooth. Spikes terminal ; flowers remote, generally in pairs, with
three fascicles of coloured, hooked bristles to the pair.

Willia-codiveli, Rheed. mal. x. 117. t. 59.

Blitum scandens, fructu lappacco, Burm. zeyl. 47. t. 18. f. 1.
(good.)

Beng. Kuya-duya, Duya-kuya.

Is found in most parts of India, generally growing among bushes.

Flowering time the rainy season.

Obs. by N. W. |
This species I have found at Singapore and Pinang, in flower and
fruit from September to November. In Nipal | found it at He-
tounra in November. It is difficult to distinguish among the two
species which De Candolle has established on Linneus’s plant, viz,
Desmochaeta atropurpurea and flavescens, and D. patula, Linn. (Syst,
Veg. v. 550.)

6. A. alternifolia, Herb. Banks.

Annual, diffuse. Leaves aiternate, ovate-oblong. Spikes axilla-
ry, longer than their leaves, two variously horned bodies between the
corol and calyx. Nectary none.

Beng. Luta-mohooriya, Gungattya.

® Desmochaeta, De Candelle.—N. W.

Achyranthes. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 50L

Teling. Chancheli kura,
Annual, common on most cultivated lands, in the botanic garden

at Calcutta it is a most troublesome weed.

Stem when the plant is young, tolerably erect, but ever afterwards
prostrate, with longer, prostrate, striated, succulent branches.—
Leaves alternate, petioled, oblong, or ovate, poimted, sometimes a
little waved, margins coloured; below a little hairy, about two in-
ches lovg.— Petio/es channelled. —Spzkes axillary, twice as long as
the leaves or more.—F lowers solitary, alternate, small, red.—- Bractes
three-fold, concave, one-flowered ; immediately within each of the two
lateral bractes is a compressed, ramous, green body.— Calyx five-
eaved ; the inner segments three-coloured.—Nectary no other than

‘the enlarged bases of the filameuts.— Seed single, in its rugose utri-
culus.

The leaves and tender tops are used by the natives in their Cur-
ries. It ought to be carefully compared with A, muricata.*

7. A. prostrata, Willd. spec. 1. 1194.

Annual, diffuse. Leaves opposite. Spikes filiform. Flowers re-
flexed, with fascicles of bristles adjoining. Nectary with five biden-
tate horns, alternating with the filaments.

Scheru-cadelari, Rheed. mal. x. 157. ¢. 79.

Auris canina femina, Rumph. amb. vi. 26. t. 11.

Introduced into the botanic garden at Calcutta, amongst spice
plants from the Moluccas. Flowers during the cold season.

Root ramous, annual.—Stem scarcely any, but several pairs of op-
posite, diffuse, round, smooth, coloured branches.— Leaves opposite,
sessile, oblong, entire, coloured. —Spikes terminal, solitary, filiform,
sub-erect.—Fluwers scattered, reflected, generally two together.—
Bractes (or calyx) three to the two flowers, with the same number of
fascicles of hooked red bristles as in A. lappacea.—Nectary with fives
two-toothed hornlets, alternate with the filaments, and with them

“ This may be either Desmochaeta muricata, or alternifolia, De Cand. (Syst. Veg. ¥-

552-3), or both,—Digera arvensis, Forsk. (A. polygonoides, Retz.) is very little if at all dif
ferent.—N. W.

ee

yled

502 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Achyranthes,

united into a membranous ring round the base of the germ.—Germ
sub-pedicelled. Sty/e single.*

8. A sericea, Koen. Mss.

Stem erect, duw ny. Jeaves opposite, broad-'anceolate, covered
with much silky down, Peduneles axillary, longer than the leaves,
bifid or trifid, many-flouwered.

A iaig-, straggling annual, growing in sheltered shady places in a
dry saney soll.

Rouvt singie.—Stem erect, with many long spreading branches
resi g ou the crowd, vi somethicg else 5 ai are round, and covere
ed wath siky dun u.— Ll euves opposite, petiv.ed, broad-cordate,
acute, covered with very soft silky dewn, about an inch and half
long — Peduucles axillary, opposite, round, downy, as long as the
Jeaves, each ending in two, three, or more, spreading, windiug fili-
furm spikes. ‘The rest as m the genus.

9 A. ferruginea, R +
_ Anuia', faceid.. Leaves opposite, obovate. Spikes sub-coni-
eal, pedancled and sessile. Nectary five-toothed ; each tooth enaing
in a proper antheriferous filament. Stigmus enure.

Beng. Ruk a-Si.iuchees

Hind. La\-Si inchee. ;

A small aunua, wild in gardens, or about the borders of cultivate
ed lands near Ca.cutta, where it appears during the rainy season.

Stems slender, leaving, about a feet long, absolutely fours, or five-
sided, smooth, rust-co oured, Branches opposite, and like the
stem.— Leaves opposite, short-petioled, oval or obovate, entire,
‘smooth, of a very soft texture, reddish, about an inch long, — Spikes

peduncled, or sessile, smali, conical.—TI eduncles four sided, length

* A. (Desmochaeta) repens, Roth. nov. spec. 167 ; Syst. Veg. v. 552, of which specimens
are preserved in Dr Heyne’s collection, comes very near to this plant, which isa Desm.as

justly observed by the accurate Roth. Its copious pubescense distinguishes it readily —N.W-

t+. Philoxerus Brown? The authers, hewever, are two-celled, andthe stigma eubire Be
Roxburgh’s plant.—N. W. :

end

Achyranthes. ‘PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIa. 503

various. — Bractes in general two, opposite, leaf-like, but much small-
er.— Flowers crowded, small, dull red.—Calycle thiee Jeaved, the
two lateral ones falling off with the five-leaced ca yx aud seed; the
third or undermest one remains. There may b- an impropricty in
calling these the calycles —Nectary cup-sia ed, five-t othed, teeth
lengihened into five filaments ~-Sigma simp.e.— Seed solitary, in a

membranaceous utriculus,

10. A. scandens, R.

Perennial, clinbing, downy. Leaves alternate, oblong-ventricose.
Spikes axillary, sulitary, sessile. Calyx hairy. Nectary (en-parted..,
Stigma two-lobed.

_ Beng. Nooriya.

pia hedges, &c. near Calcutta; in flower about the close

of the rains,
_ Stems and branches climbing, below woody, perennial; young parts
more or less hairy.— Leaves alternate, short-petioled, oblong, a little
ventricose, hairy, and of a soft texture; size very various. — Spikes
sessile, axilary, and terminal; those from the axills smal’, and soil
tary; while the terminal ones are large, and general_y three or more
of them together.—Calyr and calycle silver-coloured, and woolly;
—WNectary ten-toothed; teeth equal, alternately antheriferous.—
Style single, Stigma Wetbel! —Capsules circumcised, contain-
ing a single, black, smooth reniform seed.* z

11. A. lanata, R+-

Annual, erect, ramous, woolly. Leaves alternate, orbicular.

_* Tt has been remarked by Dr. Schultes that this is probably the same as Gomphrens
amaranthoides, Roth. (Nov. spec. 182; Syst. Veg. v. 541.) But the latter denies its hav«
ing the sterile filaments which ours has. I found it, or one coming near to it, at Hetounra in

Nipal, in flower in November ; it was alae Drought to me in March from Noakote.—The late
Dr. Jack found it at Acheen.—Nv Ws > |

t Aerva Juss,—Syst, Veg. 1, c. 564.—N. W.

604 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Achyranthes,

Spikes crowded. Nectary ten-parted, alternately antheriferous.
Stigmas two-cleft.

Ilecebrum lanatum, Willd. spec. i. 1204.

Scheru-bula, Rheed. mal. x. 57. t. 29. (good.)

Cicnopodium incanum, racemosum, folio majore minorl opposi-
to, Burm. zeyl. 60. t. 26. f. 1. (good.)

Benz. Cuaya.

Is common every where, both on the Coast of Coromandel and
Bengal.

A stout, hardy, annual plant, from one to two feet high, flower-
ing ail the year round.—Stems erect, with many ascending, woolly
branches —Leaves alternate, petioled, roundish, with somewhat of
a point, and tapering at the base, entire, woolly on both sides; size
very various.—Calyr woolly.—Nectary ten-toothed, as in A. scan-
dens.—Spikes axillary, oval, woolly.—Stigma two-lobed.—Capsules
with a single, smooth, shining black, reniform seed.

Cos. The late edition of the spec. plant. by Reichard, makes this
plant an Illecebrum ; for what reason I know not.

12, A. diandra, R.*

Annual, diffuse. Leaves opposite, linear-lanceolar. Spikes ter-
minal; flowers reflected, and pressed close to the rachis. Stamina
two, alternate with the two multifid lobes of the nectary,

A native of Ceylon.

Root fibrous, annual, or at most biennial.—Stems slender, strag.
gling, striated, clothed with a few hairs pointing forward.— Leaves
opposite, short-petioled, linear-lanceolate, entire, nearly smooth.—
Spikes terminal, solitary, simple, long, and slender.— Flowers solita-
ry, small, after blossoming reflected back close to the rachis.— Brac-
tes (calyx?) three-leaved.— Calyz of five, rigid, smooth tapering, acute
leaflets.—Nectary two-lobed; lobes finely and deeply multifid.—£i-

* Centrostachys, Wall—N. W.

. ees

Achyranthes. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 604

laments two, one in each fissure of the nectary, half as long as the
coro], Anthers incumbent.—Uériculus turbinate. Seed solitary.

13. A. triandra, R.*

Aunual, creeping. Leaves opposite, sessile, lanceolate, smooth,
Flowers triaudrous. Capsules winged.

Iliecebrum sessile, Willd. spec. i. 1209.

Coluppa, Rheed. mal. x. 21.¢. 11.

Amaranthus humilis foliis oppositis, flosculis in alis conglomerar
tis, Burm: zeyl. 17. t. 4. f. 2. (good-)

Lelinga. Ponagunta-kura.

Sung. Tats Shalanchz.

Beng. Shanchi, also shalooncha.

A native of Bengal where it is 2 common weed during the rainy
season,

14. A. nodifiora, R.

Annual, diffuse. Leaves obovate, cuneate. Spikes globular.
Nectary with ouly five, antheriferous divisions. Stigma simple.

Celosia nodiflora, Willd. spec. i. 1202.

Amaranthoides indicum, nodiflorum, capitulis exalbo viridescenti-
bus, Burm. zeyl. 16. t 5 f. 2.

A native of Coromandel. Flowers in the cold season. The ova-
rium in this plant contains but a single ovulum, attached to the bot-
tom of its single cell, consequently its place is in this genus to which
J have transfered it.

* Alternanthera sessilis, Brown.—Syst. Veg. 1, ¢.554. Ihave found it at Pinanz—It
is also commun at Silhet.—N. W.

+ Roxbargh’s plant seems to differ both from Alternanthera, denticulata, and nodiflora,
Brown —Perhaps the variety with obversely lanceolate leaves, recorded by Roth, Noy. specs
374, belongs to it—-N. W.

Lil

§0G PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, — Achyranthes,

Additional species by N. WV.
ts. A. (Desmochaeta) sequax, Wall.

Suffruticose, straggling and leaning, densely clothed ih soft to-
mentum, Leaves opposite, ovaie-lanceolate. Spikes consisting of
glomerated, bearded fascicles. All the bractes and the outer seg-
ments of the perianth termimating in bristles which becomes very
Jong as the fruit ripens,

I have found this in various parts of Nipal delighting im exposed
yather elevated situations, in Hower during the rainy season, and
ripening ils seed during the month of November. It has also been
brought « me from much higher situations in the direction towards
Gosain-T. in. :

A strazging, branchy plant, covered on all its parts with thick,
seft tomentum, becoming smoother by age.—Sfem as thick as a
goose quill, obtusely four-cornered, jomted; joints swelled, often
five inches distant. Branches opposite. Leaves ovate-lanceolate,
tapering, acuminate, with aroundish, or sub-acute base, perfectly en-
tire, from three to six inches long, generaily exceeding the interstis
ces, villous above, nerved and densely tomentose underneath, almost
smooth when old.—Petiol half an inch long, villous.-—Spikes pe-
duiucled, terminal, lengthened, consisting of numerous globular,
compound, sessile fascicles, the uppermost crowded; those below
remote, each separate one containing three or four flowers. “Bractes
ovate, hairy on the back and margins, as well as the two outer seg=
ments of the perianth ending in a shining hooked bristle, which be-
ecmes very long and of a yellow colour when the fruit ripens; the
fascicles forming large rounded beads of brisiles, resembling those
of Arctium Lappa, and attaching themselves to whatever comes in
contact with the plant. Perianth bearded towards the apex and on
the dorsal ribs.— Barren filaments fimbriated. Anihers long, linear,
two-celled. Style longish. Sigma obtuse. Utriculus with two
opposite nerves, bursting rather regularly at the base. Seed ovate,

shining. —-N. W.

Celosia. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 507

16. A. ( Desmochaeta) orbiculata, Herb. Heyne:

Viulous. Stem prostrate. Leaves orbicular, retuse, acute at the
base, short-petioled, densely villous while young, becoming smoother
by age. Fascicles densely tomentose, many-flowered, globular, re<
mote, with very long, brown bristles.

Specimens are preserved in Dr, Heyne’s herbarium gathered pro-
bably at Courtallum, ‘

It comes near to D, patula, (Syst. veg. v. 550.) which De Candolle
joins with his D. flavescens ; but differs abundantly in its prostrate
habit and the figure of the leaves.—N. W.

17. A. nuda, Herb. Heyne.

Shrubby ? branchy, divaricate, dichotomous. Leaves lanceolata,
tapering, cuspidate, smooth. —-Petiols pubescent. Spikes axillary
and from the bifurcations, short, hispid, Flowers gibbous at the
base. Bractes cuspidate. Perianth pungent, nbbed nearly equal.
Tube of the filaments naked, short. Anthers two-celled. Stigma
obtuse. Specimens of this are preserved in Dr. Heyne’s collection
without any habitat. being indicated, It seems intermediate between
Achyranthes, Nyssanthes, and my Centrostachys. It varies with
pubescent branches and leaves.—N. W. |

CELOSIA, Schreb. gen. 405.

Calyr five-leaved and calycled. Coro/none. Nectary stamiferous,
surrounding the base of the ovarium. Germ one-celled, ovula
several, attached to the bottom of the cell. Capsules opening trans-
versely and containing more seeds than one. Embryo annular, with
a.central perisperm,

1. C. argentea, Willd. spec. i. 1197.*
Erect/ annual. Leaves from lanceolate to oblong. ~ Spikes sub-

* J have found this growing wild in the valley of Nipal; probably introduced from the
Jow-lands—N. W.
L112

808 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Celosia

cylindric, scariose. Nectary with five, short toothlets, alternate with
the long antheriferous divisions.

Beng. Shwet moorga.

Hind, Debkotee.

Tsjeria-belutta-adeka-manjen, Rheed. mal. x. 77. t. 89.

Belutta-adeka-manjen, Ibid. 75 ¢. 38. I take for the same plant
in its wild state; at least the wild plants of argentea found in the
cornfields of India, are more stunted in their growth, but have their
leaves broader, and the spikes shorter, as in the figure just quoted ;
and I am inclined to think Wilidenow’s albida, consequently Bur-
man’s pyramidalis, can, at most, be reckoned only another variety of
the same species. Plants from the same seed have leaves of very
various breadth, and are as often with, as without the falcate stipules.

2. C. cristata, Willd. spec. 1. 1198.

Annual, erect. Leaves oblong-ovate, peduncled, round, striated,
Spikes oblong.

Sung. afzast, Vurhichoora, fafa, Shikhanee, TLUTa:, She-
khaloo, aia, Sooshekha, faat, Shikhee, farzaqtqait, Shekhavula,
afafnw, Kekishikha, HAXTET, Muyoorushikha, WETAT,
Khurashwa, @IZat, Karavee, GTW:, Deepya, qax, Muyoora,
AIA, Lochumustuka, Ge aeatty:, Suhusranghit, AU ReT,
Mudhoochhuda, AAA TAT, Neelkenthushekha, HaALysl,

Muyooruchoora, AldARES:, Lochumurkwta.

Beng. Lal-moorga, the red variety; Huldee-moorga, the yellow.

Amaranthus vulgaris, Rumph. amb. v. 236. t. 84.

I have never been able to find any other species or variety in Ins
dia, that I could refer to C. coccinea, | cannot consider the breadth
of the leaves, nor falcate stipules, to be any more characteristic in
this than in argeéiiea and its varieties.

in gardens only throughout India, and thrives best during the rainy

nd cold seasons,

Celosia. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIAs 508

3. C. comosa, Willd. spec. i, 1198.

Erect, annual. Leaves lanceolate. Spikes cylindric, tufted.

Found in most parts of India in gardens, and like the last thrives
best during the rainy and cold seasons,

4 C. cernua, R.

Annual, erect, ramous. Leaves lanceolate, acute. Racemes ter-
mina!, cylindric, with long sterile, ramous, pendulous tails, Cap-
sules operculed, many-seeded.

A native of the tops of the Rajmuhal hills, where Mr. W. Rox-
burgh first found it in great abundance wild amongst fragments of
a rich Iron ore and from thence sent the seeds to the botanic garden
at Calcutta, where it grows well, and continues in gaudy blossom,
during the whole of the cold season.

Koot annual.— Siem erect, with numerous, ascending, ramous branche
es, Slightly striated, colour from green toa deep liver colour.— Leaves
alternate, lanceolate, acute, smooth, entire, from oneto six inches ‘oug,
and broad in proportion.— Stipules, or rather the lower oppesite
pair of leaves of the branches and branchlets often present, aud then
faicate, as in C. argentea, &c. but I do not think their presence
or absence can in any of the species found in India, be taken
into the specific character; for in some plants they are tolerably
constant, whereas in others of the same species reared from the same
seed no sign of them can be traced.—lacemes terminal; the fertile
fi wer- bearing part simple, cylindric, but curved from the weight of
the long, pendulous, lovely crimson, sterile panicle into which they
divide, and which gives to this charming species its great beauty.—
Flowers numerous, short-peduncled, before and durmg expansion of a
bright, vivid purple colour, but as the seed advances io maturity the
margins of the scales become pure white, more or less broad.— Vractes
tapering, acute, one larger under the base of the pedicel, and two on
its apex, pressing the calyx iaterally, and about half its length —Calyz;
leaflets dagger-pointed, rather longer than the stamina.— Neclary ten-

parted, the five long, subulate, alternate ones are antheriferous, the

elle ji

$10 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Celosia,

other five short and incurved over the germ.—Stigma slightly three-
lobed.—Capsules ; the lid is a little scabrous and marked with five
elevations.— Seeds several, shining black.

This species appears to me to differ from Retz. comosa in the
following poluts: Ist. Here the stamina and style are about the same
Jength, and rather shorter than the calyx, there twice as long. 2d.

Here aie many, about eight seeds m the capsules; there only two.

5. C. corymbosa, Willd. spec. i. 1200.*

Perennial, erect, Leaves opposite and fascicled, linear. Corymbs
terminal. Calyx five-leaved. Corol five-petalled, no nectary. Cap-
sules one-celled, three-valved ; seeds many.

Paronychia foliis ad genicula confertis, acutis, floribus, ymbellatis,
Burin, zeyl. 184. ¢.65. f. 2.

Lelinga. Rajuma.

Is anative of dry sandy lands. Flowers all the year round, Fhis
would better form a separate genus than a species of Celosia; pro-
bably it is one of Jussieu’s Caryophyllea.

Root perennial. Stem straight, frequently branehy, round, joint-
ed, reddish, covered with white down; about a foot high.— Leaves
opposite, sessile, linear, spreading, with fascicles of many smaller
leaves in their axills,—Stipules generally four-fold, ensiform, mem-
branaceous.—Umbells terminal, dichotomous.—Calyx five-leaved ;
leaflets lanceolate.— Nectary, or rather corol, of five, obcordate petals,
alternate with the stamens.—/2/amenés inserted, alternate with the.
petals. Style short. Stigma tiree-lobed.—Capsules- three-sided,
one-celled, three-valved, opening from the apex.— Seeds from six to
twelve or more, round.

Cattle are not fond of this species.

* Hagea, Vent.; altered to Lahaya by Prof. Schultes in Syst. Veg. v. p. xxxi.—How-
ever contonant with rales of grammar snch changes may be, they onJy serve to multiply
the difficulties of botanical nomenclature, IT imagine it can only be a particular dialect of

the German language, which would pronounce Hagea like Hakea, or Vallaris like Phalaris ;
yet has the name of the genus next before the last been altered to Emericia, in the above
work, iv. p. 23, from similar motives and with equal impropriety —N. W.

Deeringia. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIAY B14

6. C. polysperma, R.

Annual, Leaves oblong, smooth. Spikes axillary. Nectary
with only five antheriferous divisions. Style three-cleft. Capsules
bacciform, evalvular, many-seeded.

A native of the Moluccas. It is an erect, smooth annual, with
long, delicately thin leaves.

DEERINGIA, Brown. prodr. nov. holl. i. 415.

Calyx five-leaved. Corol none. L¢/aments having their base unit-
ed into a little cup. Germ one-celled, many-seeded, attachment
inferior. Berry one-celied. Seeds a few, attached by their proper
cords to the bottom of the cell.

1. D. celostoides, Brown, loc. cit.

Perennial, scandent. Leaves alternate, cordate. Spikes termts
nal, panicled. Séyles three. Berries three-seededs

Celosia baccata, Koen. in Retz. obs. 5. 23.

Blitum fructescens, Rumph. amb. v. 235. €. 83. f. Q

Beng. Gola Mohunee.

Hind, Lutmun.

Found near Calcutta, flowering in the rains.

Root nearly spindle-formed, large, perennial.—Stems and branches
one, two, or more fathoms long; perennial, climbing, striated, other-
wise smooth.—Leaves alternate, petioled, cordate, acute, entire.—
Spikes panicled, terminal, and from the exterior axills long, ascend-
ing. — Flowers numerous, distinct.—Calycle three-leaved, bractiform,

—Filuments five, from the nectary; anthers two-lobed—Styles

three, ;

In January [ founda very large plant of this climbing over a small
tree, of about sixteen or eighteen feet high, with few leaves, but in-
numerable, beautiful, pendulous racemes loaded with small, smooth,
bright red berries, each contained when perfect, three small, black,
flattened, roundish, kiduey-shaped seeds in one distinct cavity of the
berry.

$12 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Rides,

Obs. by N. W,
T have found it in Nipal, in low vallies, at Hetounra, Marekoh,
&c. growing to a very great size, and thickly decorated with ras
cemes of fruit and flower in the rainy season, I have also had it

from the neighbourhood of Saharunpore and from Silhet, where it
is called Mutang Sang (a8t®% Gist.)—N. W.

2. D. (formerly Celosia, R.) tetragyna, R.

Shrubby, scandent. Leaves ovate-cordate. Flowers axillary.

Styles four-ciett.

A native of the Moluccas, and from thence accidentally introduc
ed into the botanic garden at Calcutta, amongst spice and other
plants ; flowering time in Bengal, the cold season.

Siem ligneous, scandent; young shoets pendulous, striated, smooth,
—Leaves alternate, petioled, ovate-cordate, acuminate, somewhat
undulate, smooth on both sides; about two inches long, and one
broad.—Petioles channelled.—Flowers axillary, from solitary to
the being collected on small short-pedunc'’ed heads ; they are small
and of a pale-greenish white colour.—Calyx (I would im this
species rather say bractes,) three-leaved—Corol (rather calyx) five-
Jeaved ; leaflets obtuse, and about as long as the stamens.— Nectary
with feur or five, lengthened, antheriferous divisions.—Germ four-
lobed. Styles four, recurved.— Berry with from one to four lobes,
smooth, when ripe red, succulent, size of a pea, containing from
oue to four reniform seeds, though one is by far the most common.

——————
Additional genera by N. W,

RIBES, Linn.

Petals five, inserted on the five-cleft calyr, together with the stae
mina. Style bifid. Berry inferior, many-seeded.

Ribes. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA: B13

1. R. glactale, Walt.

Erect, unarmed, with smooth shining branches, Leaves round
_ cordate, five-lobed, with a few scattered hairs on both side»; as long
as their gland-hary petivls; lobes caudate-acuminate, unequally
serrate, Racemes solitary, erect, pubescent, g andular. Bracies
equalling the flowers, ciliate, persistent. Sty/e ong.

A native of the frgid regions of Hémalusa, Gosain-Than, ia
flower and fruit in Angust. Capt, Webb and Dr. Govan found it
at Kedarnath, and on the sides of the Choor river, at an elevation of
not less than ten thousand feet.

An erect, branchy, unarmed. shrub. Pranches alternate, rigid,
round, covered with brown, sometimes silvery, siining, perfecte
ly smooth, separating +p'dermis. The new shoots a little hairy,
surrounded at thet: base by large, ovate, membranous, three-ribbed,
ciliate budescales. Jeaves at first sub-fascicled, afterwards alter-
nate, round co:date, five-lobed, varying much in size, from one to
three inches in breadth when full-grown; three-neryed, the avills of
the nerves general.y furnished with a few asli-coloured hairs; nerves
and veins slightly hairy, at length nearly smooth ; does broad-lanceo-
late, very finely acuminate, sharply and unequally inciso-serate, the
exterior two shorter than the rest, in the small leaved variety almost
obliterated.— Peliol slender, about as long as, the leaf, pubescent,
with some long glandular hairs towards the widening base. Ha-
cemes axillary, solitary, erect, when fruit-bearing somewhat nodding,
equaling the leaves in length, short-peduncled, cylindric, glands
pubescent, many-flowered.— Flowers green, rather large, equalling
in length the lanceolate, gland-ciliate, persistent bractes,—Pedicels
two lines long, pubescent.— Lacinig of the calyx lanceolate, obtuse,
striate, minutely pubescent.— Petals very small, cuneate-ovate, obe
tuse.— Stamina scarcely half the length of the calycine segments.—
Anthers round, two-celled.— Ovary a little pubescent, Stigma obs
tuse, slightly two-lobed,—Berry round, smooih, crowned with thy

Linum

534 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Rides.

withered remains of the flower, red, faintly striped, equalling a
common red currant in size, of a sour and astringent taste.

Qbs. This species comes very near to R. alpinum, and is interme-
diate between that and R. nigrum. It differs chiefly in the larger size
of all its parts especially the leaves and flowers; the finely acumi-
mate leaves and lengthened style. The variety with small leaves ig
much more like the former. My friend Dr. Govan thinks that there
are two species concealed among the shrubs J] have described above 3

one with very small, acute, trilobed or obscurely five-lobed leaves ;
the other with large five-lobed,

very finely, almost caydato-acumi-
nate leaves,

In the event of this supposition being confirmed, the
last mentioned shrub may be called R. acuminatum. I have hie
thertoin vain attempted introducing the plant into the botanic garden;

even in the valley of Nipal the experiments of Mr. Gardner, directed
to that object, have failed.—N. W.

2. R. villosum, Wall,

Unarmed, younger branches, leaves, and racemes villous, glandu=
Jar and viscous. Leaves rounded, obscurely cordate, obtuse, three-
lobed, serrate, rather longer than their petiols. RRacemes erect; bractes
Janceolar, longer than the pedicels. Berries villous.

Found on the mountains to the North of Shreenyguwr and commus
micated by my plant-collector Kamroop.

Unarmed. Branches flexuose, greyish; while young villous.
Leaves round, scarcely emarginate at the base, very obtuse, three- or
five-lobed, serrate, giand-ciliate, from an inch to an inch and a half in
diameter, copiously beset with shart, soft, subulate hairs, exuding
a resinous substance, which hardens into small shining dots, espe-
cially on the under surface of the leaves ; fiveenerved, veined, longer
than their villous and viscous petiols. Stipules, none, except the wids
ening base of the petiol. —Fruit-bearing racemes axillary, solitary,
erect, longer than the leaves. Peduncle gland-villous, as are also
the sub-persistent lanceolar bractes ; the latter longer than the pedis

eels.— Berry round, villous, sedhfintly red, of the size of a red cure

yant, crowned with a short, villous, calycine tube,

Hedéra. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIAs 615

Obs. This shrub comes exceedingly near R.- résinosum, Pursh.
flor. amer. i. 163; Sims’s Bot. Mag. xxxviii. 1583 ; and may per.
haps prove the identical species. L can discover no indication of
any thing like the large stipules, represented and recorded in the last
quotation, the leaves of which appear less rounded and obtuse, than
those of my plant.—I have not seen the flowers.—N. W.

3. R. Grossularia, Linn.

Branches prickly. Footstalks hairy, Flowerstalks sing\e-flowered.
Bractes distinct. L'ruit hairy.—Engl, Bot. xviii. 1292.

Found by Capt. Webb at Neet pass and communicated to me
in 1818 in fruit. ‘The prickles are ternate, very long, and shining ;
of young luxuriant shoots there dre also a great number of short,
scattered, slender, stiff hairs, Leaves deeply trifid, pubescent on
tlie upper surface. 1 have only seen the unripe fruit, which is hairy
and crowned with a very long, slightly hairy, tubular calyx. Bractes
two, oval, ciliate, inserted a little above the middle of the peduncle.

—N. W °

HEDERA.

Calyx five-toothed, deciduous. Petals five, oblong, tapering from
a broad base. Berry globular, four- or five-seeded, crowned with
a vestige of the fallen segments of the calyx,

1. H. Helix, Linn.
Leaves some ovate, some lobed.—Engl. Bot. xvii, 1267.—Flor.
Dan. vi. 1027.—Thunb. jap. 102.
- Fotogi Ista, Simulacii seu idoli Hedera Kaempf. amoen. v. 887.
This is one of the most common as well as noble productions of
Nipal, where it grows to a majestic size and extent over trees and
rocks, | have met with it from Bheempediand Cheesapanee, to the

great valley and on all the mountains surrounding it up to the very top
Maum2

518. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Hedera.

of mount Sheopore. Ihave had it likewise from. Kumaoon and
Shreenugur. 1t blossoms and produces fruit m succession from May
to December.

- Newar. Saogovke or Gooke (the climber.) ‘

Stem round, a little fattened on cne side, very branchy, of various
thickness, generally of the size of a man’s waist, though sometimes
sul larger. have broughtspecimens with me for the Museum atthe
dndia House, measuring nine inches incncumlerence. Bark scabrous,
ash-coloured, wood of a light grey, or, velluwish colour, soft and
light. ‘Vhe stem and branches produce a vast number of fibrous,
Jong radicles by which they attach uiemsclves aud adhere firmly to
trunks and bianches of trees, and torecks. Sometimes they are per-
fectly co. ealed within and as it were bearded with these radicles.
Young ‘hovts Jong and sleuder, ash-coloured, shining, perfectly
smooth, as are a'so the leaves and peticls.— Leaves leathery, dark
green and shining above, pale underneath, fiom five- to seven-nerved;
merves sub-dich tomous, veins capillary and forming large reticulati-
ous; they vary exceedingly in size and form, and are from three to
five nches long. Qu _ the flower- and fruit-bearing branches they
are luvaricbly undivided, lengthening into a cuspidate acumen, more
or less tapering and contracted towards the base which is acute, from
narrow-, almost linear-lancevlate, to ovate or elliptic, sometimes
obovate or trapeziform with a retuse apex, often unequal at the base,
with even or repand margins. dn all other cases they are three-
or five-lobed, sometimes palmate or even sub-digitate, the lobes
entire or repand ; that in the middle larger and more acuminate than
the rest; with a broad, more or less cordate, entire base.—Petiol
slender, widening at the base, a little thicker immediately under the.
leaf, which it equals or exceeds in length.— Umbe/s globular, many-
flowered, lateral, on the younger branches, or terminal, forming oval,
simply branchy, racemose corymbs. Peduncles an inch or an inch
anda half long, pedicels two-thirds of an inch long ; all covered with
minute stellate silvery scales—ZJVowers of a pale green colour,

Paederia.. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, | S17.”

nearly white, inodorous, covered on the outside with scales: Teeth
of the calyx almost invisible.— Petals ovate, acute, most spreading, at
length reflected, equalling the stamina.— Ovary turbinate, scaly, fours
seeded. Style short. Stigma truncate.— Berry yellow, shining,
perfectly round, three- or four-seeded, in other respects precisely as
described and represented by Gartner, in carp, 1. 130. t. 26,

Obs. I dare not separate this plant from our European Ivy, from
which it seems to differ only in its gigantic size and in the number
of seeds.—It is not put to any use except for faggots, which fate
it shares with so many other grand productions of Nipal.—N,. W.

Sia

PAEDERIA, Schreb. gen. 412.

Calyx five-toothed. Corol iubular. Germ two-celled, one-seeded,
attachment juferior, Stigma two-cleft. Berry inferior, two-seedede
Embryo erect, and furnished with a perisperm.

1. P. fatida, Willd. spec. i. 1219.

Shrubby, twining, Leaves oblong-cordate. Panicles axillary and
terminal. Stamina inclosed. Berries compressed.

Somaraji, Asiatic Res. iv. 261, |

Sung. WEITUT, Prusarinee, TTHTAT, Rajuvula, waual,
Bhudrupurnee, TACHA, Prutaninee, acta, Suruni, aleut,
Sarunee, YFAAT, Bhudruvula, ACMI, Kutumbhura, ayer
ET, Sooprusara, QttTaAt, Sarinee, BCUT, Surunee, YET, Sura,
wIzAUt, Charoopurnee, WATLAAT, Prutanika, TIAT, Pruvula,
<IAqUy, Rajupurnee, FAT, Vula, LAT, Suruna, Tatfeat,’

Prusarinee, HIRI, Chundruvullee, WaxT, Prubhudra.
Beng. Gundhe badhulee,
Hind, Gundali.

it PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA:; Puaederia,

Convolvulus foetidus, Rumph. amb. v. 436. t. 160.

Apocynum foetidum, Burm, ind. p: 71.

Is rather a rare plant, 1 have only found it in the vicinity of Cats
eutta, twinining up and over trees, &¢. Flowering time the begitr-
ning of the cold season. Its root is used by the Hindoos as an emetic.

Stem ligneous, twining 3 young paris round, smooth, Leaves op=
posite, long-petioled, cblong-cordate, pretty smooth, entire. Stipules
broad-cordate.— Punicles axillary and terminal, brachiate.— Flowers
numerous, of adeep pink colout.— Bractes ovate.—Calyz five-tooth=
ed.—Corol. Tube pretty long, somewhat gibbous, inside woolly, Bor-
der narrow, divided into five cordate, crenulate segments.— Filaments
short, inserted irregularly about the middle of the tube. Anthers
erect, within the tube.—Germ inferior, turbinate, two-celled ; cedls
containing one ovulnm each, attached to the bottom of thecell. Style
single. Stigma two-cleft; segments various, bent amongst the ane
thers.— Berry dry, compressed, smooth, with five lines on each side;
one-celled, two-seeded.— Seeds compressed, smooth, enlarged with
a somewhat membranaceous ring all round.— Perisperm conform to
the seed, butscanty._- Embryo large, erect. Cotyledonsround, cordate.
Radicle short, inferior.

Obs. by N. W.

This is a very common shrub in Nipal, blossoming during the
rainy season, and ripening its fruit in December. It is also found at
Silhet.**—Mr. Porter has communicated wild specimens from Pee
nang.—The leaves vary much in figure and size.—N. W.

€.P. recurva, R.

Shrubby. Leaves lanceolar, acuminate. Corymbs terminal, rez
eurved.

A slender shrubby species; a native of Chittagong, where it is
chiefly found in moist situations amongst the hills, flowering in the
hot season. The seeds ripen in October and November.

* It is feund in the North of Bengal. Ed.

Paederia. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 519

Stem and branches erect ; young shoots round, and smooth.— Leaves
Opposite, short-petioled, lanceolar, entire, acuminate, pretty smooth
on both sides, about six inches long, and from-two to three broad.
—Stipules as in the other rubiacea, with a subulate, hairy point.—
Corymbs termina’, recurved, brachiate, villous.— Bractes opposite,
ensiform.—Calyvx five-cleft, hairy; segments conic, permanent, Coral
funnel-shaped. Tube the length of the border, widening to the mouth,
a little hairy on the outside. Border of five, contorted, obliquely ob-
long segments.— Filaments scarcely any. Anthers five, linear, erect,
attached below the middle to the mouth of the tube of the corol, and
their lower ends in it.—Germ hairy, two-celled with one ovulum ia
each, attached to the partition a little above its middle. Style the
length of the tube of the corol. Stigma simple, linear-clavate, longer
than the stamina.— Berry inferior, size and colour of a black currant,
when dry striated, crowned with the remaining calyx, two-celled.—
Seeds solitary, the outside convex ; on the inside a deep pit filled with
the spongy receptacle. IJntegument single, thin.—Perisperm con-
form to the seed, hard, dull white.— Embryo lodged in the middle of
the convexity of the seed. Cytyledons, reniform, Ladicle interior,

5, P. erecta, R.

Shrubby, erect. Leaves sub-sessile, broad-lanceolar, entire, Pu-
nicles in the terminal forks of the branchlets, erect. Stamina pro-
truded,

An erect, shrubby plant; a native of the Silhet district, It flowers
in May and June ; and the seeds ripen about the end of the rainy
and beginning of the cold season, es |

Stems short, erect, Bark smooth, ash-coloured, Branches
round, smooth, and dichotomous,— Leaves opposite, sub-sessile,
broad-lanceolar, entire, smooth, ribbed with parallel veins ander-
neath ; from three to four inches long, by one and a half broad,—
Stipules interfoliaceous, as in other rubiacee.— Panicles solitary in
the fork of the branchlets, often longer than the leaves 5 Uiin, being

Gemposed of a few small, short, opposite ramifications.— Flowers

-" 820 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Pacederia,

small, numerous, white, inodorous,—Ca/yx superior, short, sligh:ly
five-toothed.—Coro/ with a short tube wlich is wooly on the inside
segments of the boider oblong.— Filaments short, meerted on the
tube of the corol, Anthers oval, scarce'y exsert.— Germ turbinate,
two-ce:led, with one ocudum in each, aitacted to the ner, and lower
angle of its ceil. Séy’e the length of thetube of the cool. Stigma two-
lobed.— Berry inferior, the size of a pea, when ripe smooth, shining,
highly polished, b ack, two-celled ; one of ‘he cells frequently abor=
tive.— Seeds solitary, with avery deep concavity on the inner or -
flat side. Integument single.—Perisperm conform to the seed, ra.
ther hard.— Embryo lodged in the middle of the perisperm, Cotye
ledons round, reniform. Radicle inferior. ; oth ;

4. P. ternata, Wall,
Trichotomous, erect ; smooth, with triangular branchlets. Eaves

ternate, oblong-lanceolate, Corymbs axillary, trichotomous, erect,
shorter than the leaves. Culys companuiate, obscurely five-tootheds
Found in flower in April, on the Juyuntéyapoora mountains, bordere
ing on Si.het; communicated by Mr. De Silva.
Native name Teoomeré (Sstafz); Achelia Pata (@itofamt *t3)),

A small tree, Branches trichotomous, round, covered with ashe

coloured bark. Branchlets triangular, glaucous, smooth as well as

all the other parts — Leaves coriaceous, spreading, ternate, somes
times opposite, oblong-lanceolate, finely acuminate, entire, acute at
the base, shining above, with elevated rib and nerves underneath, the
Jatter oblique, communicating near the margin, especial.y towards the.
apex of the leaf, by means of arched anastomoses, veins sub-transe
versal; length five or six inches,—Petiol very short, si bate,
Stipules erect, lanceolate, acuminate, somewhat keeled, deciduous,
equalling the petiols in length.—Corymbs axillary, five-flowered, once.
or twice trichotomous, about four times shorter than the leaves, supe
ported by slender, triangular, sparingly pubescent peduncles, with lane
ceolate, ternate bractes under each sub-division.— flowers ternate, rae
ther large, infundibuliform, white, supported by along, filiform pedie

Guetiarda: PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. §21

cel, liaving a pair of opposite, linear, ciliate bractlets above its middle ;
they are said to be fiagrant while quite fresh, but they emit a very
offensive sm-!! on being steeped in water after they have been dried.
fEstivation valvate.—Ca yx sub-companulate, wider than the tube
of the corolla, with five, small, remote teeth.—Corolla Heshy, half
an inch long, with a five- rarely four-cieft spreading border ; lobes
lanceolate, ac:te. “Throat open, together with the inside of the tube
and the base of the lacinie bearded with short, fleshy hairs, which
conceal the J near sub-sessiie, enclosed anthers.— Ovary underneath,
small, two-celled, two-seeded; ovula erect. Stigma linear, two-
lobed, |

Obs. | have not seen the fruit, and am therefore unable to de-
cide with any certainty on its true genus. It may perbaps belong
with the two last described species to a new genus, approaching te
Aubiet’s Konabea.—N. W.

GUETTARDA, Schreb. gen. N. 1437.

Calyx sub-entire. Curol infundibuliform, with the border from
five- to elyht-parted. Stamina from five to eight. Drupe dry; nut

from five- to cight-celled. Seed soutary.

1. G. speciosa, Witld. spec. iv. 398.

A:boreous, unarmed. Leaves obovate. Cymes axillary, dicho-
tomous. F/owers sessile, from seven, to eight-cleft. Drupes with
as many sees as divisions in the border of the corol.

Ja-minum hirsutum, Willd. i. p. 35.

Casamba jasminiflora, v. Fleur. de St. Thome. Sonnerat.t. 2. p.
298. t. 128.

Rava pu, Rheed. mal. iv. 99. t. 47 and 48.

On the coast of Coromandel, it is only to be found in gardens,

where it is raised from the seed. It is in flower all the year round,
Nu i

622 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Carissa.

~

and highly ornamental as well as fragrant. [am not aware thatit is us-
ed for any economical purposes.™

Trunk erect, straight, covered with smoothish, dark-coloured
bark.— Branches numerous, opposite, decussated, spreading, horizon-

tal, forming a large, beautiful, shady, evergreen head.— Leaves op-

queen

posite, petioled, near.y decussate, obovate, sometimes cordate at the
base; entire, smooth, from six to nine inches long, and from four
to six broad.—Petiols round, coloured, about an inch anda half
long. — Stipules large, within the teaves, oblong, spreading.—Cymes
opposite, axillary, foug-peduncled, twice two-forked.— Pedunecles
round, a little inflected, from three to four inches long.— Bractes many,
linear, obtuse, caducous.— Flowers sessile, from fifteen to twenty ou

the cyme, large, white, and exquisitely fragrant, partaking much of

the fragrance of cloves. —Calyx cup-shaped, entire, permanent.—

Corol, Tube cylindric, an inch and a half long.
Border from six- to nine-cleft.—Filaments pone. Anthers as many
as there ave divisions in the border of the coro}, huear, within the.
mouth of the tube.—Germ inferior.
tube.

Throat w oolly.

Style a little shorter than the
Stigma neatly globose — Pericarp a dry drupe, nearly glo-
bose, pretty smooth, inwardly of a fibrous, woody texture, contain-
ing as many curved cells as there were anthers, or divisions in the
border of the corol.—Sveds one in each cell, much curved, concave
pert of the curvature outward.

Cbs. I have at various times examined many hundreds of the
flowers of this tree, and never found any that were hermaphrodite.
If agrees betier in habit aud im most other respects, the seed ves-

sels excepted, with Gardenia than with any other genus f have met
\- ¥
with,

CARISSA, Schreb. gen. N. 413.

Calyx five-toothed. Coryl funnel-shaped. Germ superior, two-
cellvd, cells ..wo- to four-seeded ; attachment. Interior, Berry two-

Ps 6 j : :
E have received abundance of specimens frem Pinang, which I suppose were taken from

ntcnegnea . o my. 5 4
sponianeous tives. ° Time of flowering the loiter mouths of tie year.—N. W.

Carissa. — PENTANDRIA MONOGYNTA- 523

celled, few-seeded. Embryo inverse, and furnished with a peris-

perm.

1. C. Carandas, Willd. spec... 1219.—Rovb. Corom. 77.

Sub-arboreous. Thorns often two-forked. Leaves elliptic,
obtuse, smouth. Corymbs terminal, few-fowered. Germ eigitt=
seeded. .

Avinga, Krishng-pakpbula, and Sanscrit names, See Asiatic Res.
iv. 263.

Sug. ALA, Kurnmurda, Seat:, Sooshena, MMulTam a,
Kiishnapakphuia, WET, Kurania, QUA SA, Luruwmurduka,

sian:, Uvigna, ulfaae:, Panimuida.
Telinga. Waaka.

Tam. Kalaaha. It is also thus calied.by Europeans on the Coro-,

mandel coast.

Beng. Kurumcha

A common, large shrub ; or irregularly formed small tree, growing
in most wild, woody, dry, uncultivated parts. Fioweiing time
February, March, aud Apri, Fruit ripe in July and August,

Trunk, when it is of age to have one,-ireguiarly bent in vartous
derections. . Bark grey. Branches and brancilels very wwmercus,
always two-forked, and standing nearly at ight avgles, rigid, smooth,
and round.— Torus constantly m pairs at the divisions of the branch-
es and branchiets, and at every other pair of leaves, opposite, bori-
zontal, very stiong, smooth,and exceedingly sharp, they are freqa: nt.
ly forked.— Leaves opposite, newrly sessile, oval, obtuse, smooth,
hard, shining; their insertions remarkably regu’ar, generally one pair
below the fork, crossed with the thorns ; and another pair between
the forks, avhere there are no spines.—Peduncles terminal, gene-
rally in pairs, each less than au inch long, bearing from three to
many, beautiful, milk-white, Jasmne-like foweis.— Bractes, a small
one at the insertion of each pedice!.—Ca/yx, corol and stamens,
asin the genus,—Germ ovate, two-celled, with four ovuda in eagh,

Nna2

624 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Carissa.

attached to the thickened partition.— Berry single, (never two, not
even the rudiment of more than one,) size of a small plumb, but of
a more lengthened form, when ripe of a shining black, two-celled.—
Seeds four in each cell when al’ come to maturity, which is uncom.
mon; oblong, compressed, concave on the inside, from the centre of
the concavity 1s the attacbmentto the large fleshy pait'cu'ar marzm ,
thin. Integument single.—Perisperm conform to Ue seed, whre.
—Embryo inverse. Cotyledous nealy round. Raaicle cyandric,
superior.

Obs. This Plant makes exceedingly strong fences. ‘The number
of their strong, sharp thorns, renders them almost impassible.

The fruit just before ripe, is employed, to make tarts, aud pre-
serves of various kinds, also to pickle, and by most people reckoned
superior for these uses, to every other fruit in the country noteven the
mange excepted. .

They are universal’y eaten by the natives when ripe, and are toie=
rably pleasant to the taste, even of an European.

2, C. diffusa, R.

Shrubby, diffuse, armed branches dichotomous. Leaves sub-ses=
sile, roundish-ovate-cordate, mucronate, polished. Flowers termi-
nal. Germ four-seeded. Berries ovate.

Sung. ACARI, Kurumurdika.

Telinga. Waakoyloo-

Oorissa. San Kuiuada.

Is a native of the Ganjamdistrict, and from thence northward to
the mouth of the Hoogly. F.owering time the hot season.

Stem scarcely any can be traced, but numerous, spreadirg, dicho-
tomous branches, forming a low, broad, rigid, thorny bust.—Spines
opposite, &c. as in C, Caranda at the larger pairs of the leaves on-
ly, horizontal, si:sple, bifid, or twice-bifid— Leaves opposite, sub-
sessile, the alternate pairs always larger, and ovate-cordate, roundish,
and without spines; allare entire, of a firm polished, shining texture,

each ending in a short, subulate, somewhat recurved point-—-Co-

_ Carissa. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNSIA. §235

rymbs terminal, rarely axillary, many-flowered. F/owers pure white.
—Calyx five-toothed, small.—-Corol funuel-shaped ; the upper half of
the tube a Iitle swelled. Border of five, obliquely-lanceo/ate divist-
ons.— Filaments five, inserted rather below the middle of the tube of
the corol; anthers oblony.—Gerin ovate, two-celled, with two ovula
in each, attached to the middle of the partition. Séyleha'f the length
of the tube of the corol. . Stegma double, the lower half nearly
round, the unper half more slender, and tapering.— Berries oval,
pulpy, when ripe smooth, shining black, size of a French bean, two-
celled, with two seeds in each.—Seeds, Perisperm aud Embryo as

in C. Carandas. a

5. C. villosa, R.*

Shrubby, tender parts villous. Leaves from broad-lanceolate
to oblong-acute. lowers terminal, subtern, or seven. Germ four-
seeded, (two in each cell.)

Several pants of this shrub have been long cultivated in the bos
tanic garden at Calcutta, but from whence, or how they got into
the garden, has never been ascertained. Mlowering time the same
as the other species, viz. during the warmest time of the year, March,
Api, and May. ‘This species seems perfectly distinct, and has
much less to recommend it than either Carandas, or diffusa.—in most
respects it agrees pretty well with Vall’s description of ©. edu/és.
The following description will, however, point cut some difference,

Stem rather weak, and leaning considerably, soon dividing into se-
veral, rather slender, dichotomous, flexuose bianehes. Bark of the
Jigneous parts spongy, and deeply cracked ; that of the young shoots
vilous.— horns opposite, at the forks of the branches, and i al}
other parts at every second, straight, strong, very sharp, and less
frequently compound than in the other two species just mention-
ed.— Leaves opposite, short-petioled, oblong, and broad-lanceos
Jar, acuminate, soft with down, particularly while young, from
one to two inches lomg, and rarely more than one broad.— Stipules

* C, hirsuta, Heyne-—Roth. noy. spec. 123,—Syst Veg. iy. 522,—N. W.

526 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Corkera.

small, and only present where the spines are.—W/o-vers terminal,
tern, or twice tern, smali, white.— Calyx ; segments lanceolate, acute,
villous.— Tube of the scorol a little curved, swelled near the mouth,
Border cf five, linear-lanceolate, acute segmeuts,—Sfanina lodged
in the swelling of the tube-—Germ conic, two-celled, with two ovula
in each, atiached to the partition. Sry/e shorter than thetube. Stig
ma large, with a villous, bidentate apex.— Berry round, the size of a
pea, smooth, deep black-purple, two-celied. Pu/p succulent, pur-
plish, aud sweet.— Seeds one or two in each cell, shape various, con-
cave ou the inside, convex on the exterior. Jntegument single, light
brown, and rather rough — Pertsperm conform to the seed, white,
amygdaline.—-Hmbryo inverse, white. Cotyledons roundish. Radicle

cylindric, length of the cotyledons, superior.

4, C. axillaris, R.
Shrubby, armed with simple, opposite, recurved spines. Leaves

short-petioled, oblong, Corynibs peduncied, axillary, many-flowered.

A native of the Mboluccas.

CERBERA, Schreb. gen. N. 415.

Calyx five-parted. Corol funnel-shaped. Germ two-lobed;
lobes two-celled; cells two-seeded; attachment interior. Drupes
superior, one or two singly, one-seeded, » Embryo inverse, without

perisperm,

1.C. fruticosa, R.* i

Shrubby, dichotomous. Leaves broad-lanceolar. Corymbs ter-
minal. Drupes obliquely urn-shaped, and gaping.

From Pegu this-elegant shrub. has-beea introduced into the bo-
tanic garden at Calcutta, where it is in constant blossom. The flow-
er like those of Vinca rosea, but larger, and faintly fragrant; it ds
in fact one of the most ornamental shrubs in the garden,

* Edw. Bot, Reg. y. 391.—N. W. -

Cerbera. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 527

Stem short, soon dividing, and sub-dividing into many, straight,
round, smooth, dichotomous branches. and brauchlets.— Leaves op-
posite, often remote, short-petioled, from oblong to lanceolate, entire,
smooth, acuminate, about five or six inches long, and from two
to three broad.—Stipules interfolhaceous, acute.—Corymbs terminal
when they first appear; but long before the whole of the blossoms
expand, a branchlet shoots forth on each side and places them in
the fork; divisions sub-trichotomous and short.—F lowers large,
mouth of the tube lively red, the rest a bright lively pink, some-
what fragrant, and highly ornamental. Braces opposite, triangular,
acute.—Cualyx five-leaved, leaflets oblong, smooth, permanent, a
smooth gland on the apex of each.—Corod infundibuliform. — Lube
nearly two inches long, and equally slender, except near the apex,
where it swells considerably, mouth highly coloured and hairy.
Border of five, obovate-oblong, equal segments.— Filaments five,
short, inserted round the bottom of the swelled top of the tube,
Anthers sagittate, enurely hid within the mouth of the tube.—
Germ two, villous, on the sides where they meet, a small subulate.
scale covering the fissure on each side, singly two-ceiled, with one
ovulum im each, attached to the middle of the partition, © Style near
ly as long as the tube. Stigma large, with a two-lobed apex, which
ig lodged in the dome formed by the converging of the sagittate
anthers.— Drupe (in this sather capsule) generaily solitary, obliquely
um-shaped, size of the first joint of the little finger, villous and
veined, dark greenish purple, apex truncate, sloping much to the
inner side, with a slit down the middle, semi-two-valved, opening
up the inside aud along the apex, one-celled, Pulp scarcely any,
the whole substance being thin and somewhat fibrous.—Seeds so-
litary, ovate-cblong, Jnéegument single, white, pretty thick, and
solt,—Perisperm none——Embryo erect. Cotyledons conform to

the seed, of a pale yellowish colour, Radicle ovate, superior.

2. C. Odollam, Gaert. carp. ii. 193. t. 124.
Leaves alternate, lanceolate, with transverse nerves, smooth.

C : . wie. .
orymbs terminal, divisions of the calyx linear, and revolute.

528 PENTANDRIA MONGGYNIA. Cerbera.

Odaliam, Rheed. mal. i. 71. t. 89. But Manghas lactescens,
Burm. Zyl. 150. ¢. 70. fi 1. is without doubt a different species,
which Gaertner has considered to be C, Manghas, Lina, :

A preity large tee, a native of sat swamps near the shores of va.
ricus parts of India, yet it thrives well in the sweet and comparative-
ly rich soil of the botanic garden at Calcutta, where the trees are
fully as Jarge as the largest pear trees, and in flower and seed the
whole year.

The wood is remarkably soft, spongy and white, the bark on the
young, generally triclrotomous shoots polished, deep green. Leaces
alternate, and crowded about the ends of the branchlets, short-petiol-
ed, lanceolar, firm and polished. _ Corymbs terminal. Flowers
large, white and fragrant. Bractes and calycine segments imear
and revolute. Corod infundibuliform 3 segments of the border sub-
triangularly falcate, in the bud imbricated. Stamina enclosed.
Germ two-lobed, each lobe with a groove on the outside and con-
taining two cells, with two ovula in each, attached to the partion, [
never saw more than one of the lobes come to maturity, and that
with rarely more fhan one seed, the other cell, proving abortive.
Tie style is slender, and the stigma in this spectes is remarkably
large, comical, resting in a saucer-shaped receptacle, the circumfer-—
ence fluted with ten grooves, and the apex two-cleft. Gaertner’s de-
scription and figures of the mature seed vessel and seed, are so good
as lu render any thing further unnecessary.

3. C. maculata, Willd. spec. ti. 1223.

Leaves sub-verticilled, oblong

D>?

tapering most toward the base,
smooth, veined, Drupes acumivate.

Ochrosia, Jussieu, gen. plant. 161.

Found by Colonel Hardwick indigenous on the Island of Mau-
ritius, in seed in September. From his specimens the above defini-
tion is taken,

Cerbera. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIAc - $29

Additional species by N. W.

4. C, Manghas, Linn.—Gertu. carp. ii. 192.6: 123 et 124,

Leaves closely approximate, scattered, oble.ig, acute, attenuate
downwards. Lacinie of the corolla ovate, with an incurved, sub-
retuse apex. Drupes two, ovate-oblong.

Arbor Lactaria, Rumph. Amb. ii. 243 € 81.

X found this species growing wid on the sandy shores of Singa-
pore and some of the adjacent Islands in flower in September and
October.

1 have not seen the fruit; yet I am almost certain of the identity of
the tree, with Rumphius’s arbor lactaria.—Loureiro’s C. saluta-
vis, flor, cochinch. 1. 136 may perhaps be this plant, notwiths(and-
ing his quoting Rumphius’s Lactaria salubris, |. cit. 255. t, 84.
(vhich Lamarck has with propriety separated under his C. opposite
folia, Encycl. bot. 1. 62. Suppl. 1. 262.) in preference to the tree
mentioned above.—Roxburgh’s C. quaternifolia, hort. beng. 19, is
the same as my plant, although he alsoadduces the Lactaria salubris.

The trees which I observed were small; branchlets, remarkably
thick, sub-cylindric, marked with the vestiges of the insertion of the
fallen leaves, otherwise perfectly smooth, as are all the ether parts,
Leaves scattered and spreading in all directions, closely approximat-
ed towards the ends of the branches, oblong, with an acute somewhat
recurved apex, tapering towards the base, coriaceous, dark-greén and
glossy above, paler underneath, with capillary sub-tiansversal nerves
which unite by means of asub-marginal vein ; from six to nine inches
long ; on young shoots somewhat remote, alternate or sub-verticile
late, —Fetiol an inch long, round, slightly furrowed ; within the base
there are numerous broadish, persistent, black glands, which are ar-

ranged in two or three series.— Panicle large, terminal, open, with
articulated di- or tri-chotomous ramifications.— Flowers white, showy,
almost scentless, ternate, at length sub-ramcemose, on clavate pedun«

cles.— Leaves of the calyx large, membranous, whitish, lanceolate, uu-
' Ooo .

E
tal

$30 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Ophioxylon.

equal.— Tube clavate, about an inch long, widening towards the
mouth which is shut by means of five villous pink-coloured scales.
Lucinieg broad-ovate, most spreading, sub-retuse, in consequence of

the blunt apex being slightly incurved Sigua capitate, sub-
bilobate.—N, W.

OPHIOXYLON, Schreb. gen. N. 1578.

Calyx five-toothed. Corol funnel-shaped. Germ two-celled,
celle one-seeded, attachment inferior, Berries twin, superior,
slightiy united, each one-seeded. Embryo inverse, and furnished

with a perisperm.

1. O. serpentinum, Willd. iv. 979.
Tsiovauna-Amel-Podi, RAeed. mal. vi. 81. €. 47.
Radix Mustela, Rumph. Amb. vii. 29. t. 16.

Sung. G@RAT, Chundrika, Gaweat, Churmuhuntree, Ugaet
aifcay, Pushoomehunukarika, aa, Nundunee, ATCaT, Karu-
vee, HAT, Bhudra, qage:, Vasoopooshpa, QTeq<t, Vasura,

WRLC, Chundrushoora.

Beng. Chandra.

Hind. Ci’hota chand.

Telinga. Patalganni.

This, m a rich soil, is a large climbing or twining shrub ; ina poor
soil, small and erect. It is a native of the Circar mountains.* + In
my garden it flowers all the year round.

Stem woody, erect, climbling, or twining. Bark ash-coloured.—
Leaves three-, four-, or five-fold, short-petioled, oblong, pointed, wav-
ed, entire, smooth; from four to five inches long, and about two broad.
— Stipules none—Fascicles axillary, peduncled, mary-flowered.—

* It is indigenous in every part of Bengal.—Ed.

¢ It grows wild at Noakote in Nipal, blossomingin May.—N. VW.

Hunteria. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 53}

Peduncles long, smooth, round, sometimes nearly erect, sometimes
drooping. —- Pedicels and ca/yces of a bright red colour, which with
the white flowers, gives the fascicles a very pretty appearanee.

The Hermapuronite Frowers, indeed E never could discover
any other, are well described in the Genera plantarum, except that
the coral is always contracted. —Germ superior, t wo-lobed, with one
ovulum in each, attached to the inner and lower corner of the cell.—
Berry two-'obed, smooth, shining black, and succulent when ripe;
lobes the size of a pea, each one-celled.—Seed solitary, somewhat
trapeziform. Integuments two, the exterior one nuciform, most
pointed at the base, hard, thick, and rugose, the inner one a fine
membrane, athering to the perisperm.—Perisperm conform to the
seed, greenish white.— Embryo inverse, straight, nearly a3 longas the
perisperm, Cotyledons round, cordate, Radicle sub-cylindric.

Obs. The want of the nuciform, bony, exterior integument of the
seed in Gaertner’s O. trifoliatum, ii. 129: induces me to think his
cannot be the same, yet | know of no other to compare his with.

The root of this plant is employed for the cure of various disors
ders by the Telinga physicians. First in substance, inwardly, as a
febrifuge. Secondly, in the same manner, after the bite of poisonous
animals. The juice is also expressed, and dropt into the eye, for
the same purpose. And ¢hird/y itis administered, in substauce, to
promote delivery in tedious cases,

HUNTERIA, R.

Calyx five-parted, Corol infundibuliform. Germ two-lobed ;
lobes one-celled, two-seeded, attachment of the ovula sub-inferior,
Berries two, pedicelled, one-celled, one- ar two-seeded,

1. EI. corymbosa, R,

A tree, native of Prince of Wales’s Island, where it blossoms ia
Oe8 3

ook PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Funterie:.

July; i Bengal, in May, but in the latter place it has not ripened
its seed.

Leaves opposite, short-petioled, oblong and lanceolate, obtuse=
pointed, entire, smooth on both sides, from three to four inches long,
and one or twe broad.—Stipules none, but a swelling on the inside
of the base of the petiole. —Corymb terminal, decussate — Flowers
numerous, small, white.—Calyr one-leaved, five-parted, permanent,
segmeuts ovate—Corol one-petioled, fuansi-shaped. Tube two or
three tines longer than the ealyx, gibbous at the base, and swelled a
little at the mouth.— Border contorted, five-parted, divisions oblique-
ly ovate-obiong, m the bud spirally imbricated.— Nectary a fleshy
ning round the base of the germ — Filaments five, very short. Auz
tiers ovate, lodged in the swelled part of the tube, just within its
mouth,.—Germ superior, ovate, two-lobed, two-celled, with two
ovula in each, attached with their base to the bottom of the parti-
tion. Style nearly the length of the tube of the corol. Stigma
ovate, short, with a two-lobed apex.— Berries two, perfectly distinct,
singly somewhat of a roundish ovate shape, short-pedicelled, size of
a cherry, pulpy, when ripe orange-coloured, one-celled.—Seeds two.
in each berry.

Ots. ‘Fhe whole of the generic character of this plant, agrees
so well with that of Carissa, asit stands in the various editions of
the Genera Plantarum, that I have seen (Jussieu’s excepted) as
to leave no doubt with those, who still may think two berries are
the produce of one flower in that genus, that this ought to be con-=
sidered a species thereof. But in all the Tudian species of Carissa,*
that I have yet met with, the pericarpium is uniformly single. ~ As
therefore this plant cannot be placed in the same family, I think it bete
ter tocontinue the former generic name(Carissa,) to the well known
thorny plants described under that genus, for I have not yet met with
any of the unarmed species, consequently cannot say what their
‘pericarps may be. I consider this to be a well defined, perfectly dis-
tinct genus, and have named it after Dr. William Hunter of the

* To which, with the celebrated Jussieu I would join Arduina.

Webera. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 533
Bengal Medical Establishment, an eminent botanist, and author of
vatlous papers in the Asiatic Researches, of thehistory of Pegu, &c.

Ue was the first discoverer of this very plant.

WEBERA, Schreb. gen. N. 1733.*

Calyx fiveeparted. _ Corol funnel-shaped. Germ inferior, twoe
celled ; cells few-, or many-seeded; attachment interior. Berry bilo-
cular, cells few-, or many-seeded, Embryo centripetal, and furnish-

ed with a perisperm.

1. W. corymbosa, Willd, spec. i. 1224. Gert. carp. 5. 71. £. 102.

Shrabby. — Leaves froma lanceolar to oblong, glossy. Corymbs ter=
minal. Calyx five-parted, aud nearly as long as the tube of the co-
rol. Capsules few-seeded.

Rond-letia asiatica, Linn. suppl. 244.

Cupi, Rheed. Mal, ii. 37. t. 23.

Sung. FUTAUs, Dioomotpula, @fwate:, Kurnikara, ufe
Quy, Purivyadha, Wiqyiaua:, Padupotpula, TTHTAR:, Raju-
turoo, WAS:, Prugruha, RAATH:, Kretwmala, Baa, Soophulas

attatcu:, Vyadhiripce, Utaratsa:, Punktéveejuka.

Beng. Kunkra.

A pretty Jarge, erect, unarmed, ramous shrub, common on most
parts of the Coromandel coast.t

Leaves opposite, petioled, broad-lanceolar, margins reflexed,
smooth, deep shining green, with hairy glands inthe axils of the large
veins; six or seven inches long, and about two and half broad.—
Stipules interfoliaceous, as in the other species.—Corymbs terminal,

* This name has been previously commemorated bya genus of Mosses, of which the
species have since been distributed among Bryum and Bartramia; the above one is there-
fore continued.—See Sir J. E. Smith in Rees’s Cycloped. inloco—N. W.

+ Canthium, Persoon.—Cupia, Syst. Veg. v. 206.—N, W.

t Ihave received specimens in flower from the hills at Pinang, gathered in Deecmber
- 1822, by Mr. Porter, which differ in no respect from this species —N, W.

SS = OY ee

$34 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Webere,

large, divided by three.— Flowers small, very numerous, white, faint-
ly fragrant.—Ca/yz, corol, and stamens as in the genus.—Germ ture
binate, two-celied, with from six to nine ooudu im each, attached
to the thickened centre of the partition.—Berry the size of a large
pea, when ripe smooth, shining black, two-celled.—Seeds from four
to eight imeachcell. Embryo furnished with a perisperm, and cen-
tripetal radicle.

‘Lhe extremities of the young shoots are often found covered
with a white resinous matter. A substance of the same nature and
appearance is to be found on the germs of most of the species of
Gardenia known to me.

2. W. macrophylla, R.

Shrubby. Leaves broad-lanceolar. Panicle terminal. Corols
with along slender tube. Berries many-seeded.

A shrubby species, found by Mr, W. Roxburgh, indigenous on
Prince of Wales Island.

Young shoots somewhat villous,— Leaves opposite, short-petioled,
broad-lanceolar, entire, acuminate; from six to eighteen inches long,
and from four to five broad.—Stipules angular, &c. as in the Rubiaceae
of Jussieu — Panicles terminal, very large, brachiate, villous.—Bractes
subulate, villous—Jowers large, white.x—Calyx divided into five,
short, acute, villous segments.— Coro ; tube cylindric, long, slen-
der and villous; segments of the border five, obliquely linear-lanceo-
late, shorter than the tube.— Iilaments short, rising above the mouth
of the tube. Anthers filiform, nearly as lone as the segments of
the coro), Germ oval, two-celled, with many ovula in each, attach-
ed to an elevated receptacle ou the centre of the partition. Style
Songer than the tube of the corol, villous. Stigma e!avate.—Berry
ihe size of a pea, two-celled.—Seeds many in each cell, from six to

twelve, angular, &c. as in W. corymbosa, Gert. carp. 3. ¢. 192.

3. W. scandens, R.
Shrubby, scandent, glossy, Leaves oblong, cymes axillary. $/22=
ma of two oval plates.

Webcra. FENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. &35

vw

Gujer-kota, the vernacular name in Szlhet, where it is indigenous.
1t flowersin April,

Stem and branches ligneous, scandent; young shoots polished, as
is every tender part of the plant.— Leaves opposite, short-petioled,
long, entire, acuminate, glossy, about six inches long, and from
two to three broad.—Séipules as in the rest of the rubiacea,—Cymes
axijlary, and in the forks of the branchlets, solitary, divisions gene-
rally biternate.— [lowers large, infundibuliform, fragrant, when they
first open white, but like the Gardenias become yellow by the second
day.— Caly« sub-companuate, five-toothed.—Corol with along, slea-
der tube; segments of the border five, obliquely cblong. Authers
linear, sessile on the mouth of the tube.—Germ inferior, oval, two-
celled, with many ovula in each, attached to an elevated receptacle
on the centre of the partition, Style the length of the tube of the
corol, Stigma of two, thin, oval lamina.

4, W. oppositifolia, R.

Shrubby. Leaves lanceolar-oblong, firm and glossy. Panicles
opposite toa leaf, composed of a few rigid, jointed, sub-recurved
spikes. Corols with ashort, woolly-mouthed tube. Stigma clavate,
entire.

Native of Chittagong, where it blossoms in April.

5. W. odorata, R.

Shrubby. Leaves lanceolar, polished, acuminate. Coryms tera
minal, Calyx five-toothed.

Patugrcoja, the vernacular name in Silhet, where it is indigen: us,
and grows to the size of a latge shrub, or small tree. Flowering
time the hot season, when the air is perfumed with the fragrance of
its blossoms,

Leaves opposite, short-petioled, lanceolar, acuminate, entre,
polished, from four to eight inches long, by from one to two broad.
—Stipules triangular, &c. as in the order.—Corymbs terminal,

2 SaaS - 5

a6 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNYA, Webera.

trichotomonss ramifications villous.— Flowers numerous, middle-siz-
ed, white, and very fragrant.— Bractes opposite, sub-lanceolate, vil-
lous.— Calyx poculiform, mouth five-toothed.—Corol with the tube
twice the length of the calyx; border of five, spreading, linear.
falcate segments, which are longer than the tube.—Fi/aments five,
very short, Anthers subulate, nearly as long as the segments of
the border of the corol, over which they spread.— Germ inferior,
short, turbinate, two-celled, with three or four ocu/a in each. attache
ed to the thickened middle of the partition. Style and stigma toe

gether longer than the corol, of a clavate-subulate shape.

Obs. by N. W.
Yn the Hon. Company’s Botanic Garden this charming shrub
flowered for the first time in the month of May 1815, and has since
continued blossoming annually.—N. W.

Additional species by N. W.
6. W. densiflora, Wall.

Sub-arborescent. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, with an acute base.
Panicles rounded, lateral, sub-sessile, occupying the place of a leaf
ora branch, trichotomous, dense-flowered. | Mouth of the corolla
bearded. Ovary many-seeded. Stigma entire.

Found on the hills of Pulo Pinang by Mr. Porter, in flower dure

ing the latter months of the year,

An erect, smooth, large and branchy shrub, or small tree. Bark
ash-coloured.— Branchlets obscurely quadrangular, alternately com-
pressed.— Leaves opposite, spreading, coriaceous, oblong-lanceo-
Jate, tapering, acuminate, with most entire margins and acute
base, shining above, obliquely ribbed, the ribs uniting in large sub-
marginal arches, from five to six inches long, exceeding their inter=
stices twice or thrice, on short, channelled pe¢iols.— Stipules opposite,

ovate, acute, adpressed, deciduous, leaving an annular vestige.—

Webera, PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 537

Panicles \ateral, opposite to a leaf or a branch, alternate, sub-sessile,
round-ovate, two-thirds shorter than the leaves, much sub-divided, di-
or tri-chotomous, with numerous white, ternate, pedicelled flowers.
—Peduncles pubescent, divaricate, compressed. Bractes lanceo-
late, acute, ciliate, opposite or ternate unuei the sub-divisions.—-
Calyx nearly tubular, its mouth a little widening, five-toothed, clil-
ate.— Corolla infundibuliform, with some silky adpressed hairs on
the outside; tube about four imes long, widevings lamb five cleft,
with linear, long, spreading segments; mouth and upper part of the
inside of the tube bearded with long, winte hairs, which concea. the
capillary filaments. Avthers very long, spreading.— Ovary obovate,
smooth, prominent within the bottom of the calyx, two-celled ;
ovula numerous, imbricate on a parietal placenta. Style smooth.
Stigma long, clavate, entire, elevated above the mouth of the tube.

Obs. This species comes very near to W. macrophylla ; but its
panicles are not terminal, nor have they the long peduncles of the
Jatter.—The structure of its ovary, as also of that of the following
species much resembles that of a Rondeletia.—N. W.

7. W. auriculata, Wall,

Arborescent. Leaves ovate-oblong, emarginate and unequally
two-lobed at the base, nearly sessile, the axils of the nerves glandu-
Jar underneath. Panicles terminal or lateral, brachiate, on flattened
peduncles. Throat of the corolla swelled, elevated and bearded.
Ovary many-seeded. Stigma two-lobed.

Also communicated by Mr. Porter fiom Pinang, growing in
similar situations and blossoming at the same time with the pres
ceding,

Arboreous, erect, perfectly smooth.— Leaves tough and coriace-
ous, ovate-oblong, acuminate, seven Inches long, somewhat contract-
ed towards the sub-sessile base, which is emarginate and two-lobed,
the lobes small, rounded, unequal; the axils of the nerves are excas
yatedand glandular on the underside, whicliis also the case with W,

Ppp

538 YENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Alyzia;

corynibosa, in which species they are, besides, alittle hairy. Peézols
exceedingly short.— Stipules as in the preceding; their apex ensiform,
~Panicle terminal, becoming sometimes lateral by the elongation of
the branch, peduncled, trichotomous. Peduncles much compressed.

Mouth of the coroila elevated and swelled. Stigma two-lobed.
The rest asin W. densiflora.—N. W. 5

8. W. truncata, Wall.

Shrubby, twining. Leaves ovate, acute. Panicle terminal, on a
flattened peduncle. Throat of the corolla naked. Ovary four-
seeded. Stigma two-lobed.

A strong, climbing shrub, which I found on the hills at Pinang
in flower in August. Branches very numerous, smooth, round,
twining in every direction. Leaves ovate, acute or sub-acuminate,
from three to four inches long, acute at the base, most entire, some
what recurved at their margins, leathery, dark and shining above,
with very slender nerves underneath.— Petiods slightly channelled, half
an inch jong. Stipules interpetiolar, broad-ovate, acute, sometimes
bidentate, withering, and deciduous. Panicle terminal, open, sub-
sessile, ovate, smooth, about three inches long, with opposite rami-
fications, and small, lanceolate, deciduous bractes.—-F lowers white,
fragrant, short-pedicelled, ternate or sub-fascicled.—Calyr mem-
branous, aunular, truncate, cillate, obscurely and unequally five-
toothed.— Tube of the corolla sub-cylindric, four Jines long, pube=

scent within. Mouth naked, Lacinia linear, spreading, equalling

the tube in length, ending in a hooked point. Filaments capillary,

nearly three lines long, inserted immediately under the fissures,

Axthers very long, spreading. Ovary ovate, smooth, two-celled,

four-seeded. Sitgma clavate, two-lobed.—N. W.

ALYXIA, Banks.

Calyx five-toothed. Cvrol hypocrateriform. Germ two-lobed 3
lobes one-cel.ed, few-seeded, attachment interior, Berries two, pee

Alyxia, PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIAs $39

dicelled, one-seeded, Embryo erect, with echinate, lobed peris-
perm.

1. A, stellata, R.

Shrubby, often twining. Leaves tern, and quatern, oblong-lan-
ceolate, polished. Corymbs terminal, simple, recurved.

Gynopogon stellatum, Forst. Prod. n, 47. Willd. spec. i. 1221?

Pwiassarium, Rumph. Amb. v. p. 52. t. 20.

A native of Amboyna, and from thence brought to the botanic
warden at Calcutta in 1798, where it thrives well, blossoms about
the close of the rains in September, and ripens its fruit in the cool
season.

Trunk scarcely any, but many, long, twining, straggling, or scans
dent branches as they meet with support. Bark of the ligneous
parts ash-coloured, of the young shoots smooth, deep green. Every
part abounds in a milky juice.—Leaves tern, or quatern, short-pe.
tioled, oblong, or oblong-lanceolate, entire, of a deep shining green on
both sides ; with very slender, diverging, parallel veins ; length from
three to six inches.— Stipules, a small scale between the petioles.
— Flowers many, small, pure white, collected in smal!, for the most
part, terminal, cymose fascicles.— Bractes short, cordate, rigid.—
Calyx deeply five-parted.—Corol.. Tube swelled at the base, anda
little below the mouth where the stamens are lodged, divisions of
the border nearly round, in the bud imbricated.— Filaments short.
Anthers sagittate, just within the mouth of the tube.—Germ two-
lobed, and with care separable without violence, each lobe one-cell-
ed, and containing three or four ovula, attached to the cool. Stig-
ma slightly two-lobed.—Berrics two, when both prove fertile,
which is rarely the case, short-pediceiled, ova!, size of a small cher-
ry, smooth, witha groove on the inside from the blunt-pointed apex to
the base, when ripe yellowish. Pu/p in very small quantity ; one-celle
ed. Lhave frequently found proliferous bervies, that is a second, ona
short-pedicel, growing from the apex of the first, as in the’

Ppp 2

SoRus

540 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Alyxia,

Anona.—Seed conform to the berry. Integumené single, thin, but
hard-and elastic, approaching to nuciform; from the middle of -
the inside a vertical lamina projects one-third into the seed, then
divides and proceeds in opposite directions, like the receptacles in
Chironia (see Gert. sem. il. t. 114.) to these the perisperm is attache
ed.— Perisperm contorm to the seed, in the centre a thin portion

thereof forms an entire sac, or cavity for the embryo, the rest is divid«
ed into innumerable, diverging, fleshy, cuneiform lobes; colour
greenish, becoming white, texture fleshy.—Embryo erect, straight,
nearly as the perisperm. Cotyledons lanceolar. Radicle sub-cy=
Jindric, inferior.

Obs. Lam inclined to think that this may be Forster’s Gynopo-
gon stellatem, or another species of the same genus; (now Alyaia ; see
Brown's Prodromus, Nov. Holl. i.p. 469,) and I conclude he had not
an opportunity of making himself acquainted with the carpology of the
genus. Untill met with the fruit 1 considered it a Rauwolfia;
but am now satisfied it cannot belong to that family. To what na-
tural order? Apocyneae ?

Additional species by N. VW.

&. A. lucida, Wall.

Younger branches quadrangular, pubescent. Leaves opposite,
tern and quate, obovate, acute, sometimes obtuse, coriaceous,
shining above, smooth.— Corymbs axillary, pubescent, equalling the
peticls, trichotomous. Bractes linear, villous.

i found it on swampy shores among Mangroves at Singapore, in
flower and fruit in October.

A ramous, perfectly smooth, twining shrub. Stem and branches
covered with smooth, shining, brown, or mahagony-coloured bark.
Dranckes opposite or tern, sometimes quatern, slender, brown, alter-
nately and acutely four-cornered between the insertion of the leaves,
where they appear somewhat jointed ; alittle pubescent and scabrous
while young.— Leaves mostly opposite,on the young branches quater,

Alyxia. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. $41

obovate, acute or obtuse, from three to four inches long, exceeding their
interstices in length, leathery, smooth and entire, while very young
pubescent, tapering downwards into an acute base, on very short, chan-
nelled petiols, dark-green, shining above, somewhat glaucous under«
neath, with an elevated rib, and capillary, parallel, approximate veins,
which unite in a sub-marginal anastomosis ; they only become visi-
ble when the leaves are dry —Flowers small, yellowish white, fra-
grant, pubescent, small, axillary, pedicelled, twice or thrice trichoto-
mous corymbs which are about the length of the petiols.— Bractes
linear, pubescent.—Calyz villous, deeply divided into five linear teeth,
—Corolla hypocrateriform. Lobes of the limb oblong, about as
long as the tube, which is a little pubescent within. Ovary villous.
Siyle capillary, long, Stigma sub-capitate. Drupes two on each
calyx, oval, sub-acute, of a pale ferruginous colour, obscurely eight-
furrowed, supported by distinct pedicels, measuring about three
lines in length ; one-seeded. Albumen deeply rumimated and divide
ed into horizontal paral'el lamelle.

Obs. This may perhaps be A. Gynopogon, Syst. veg. iv. 440.
(Forste:’s Gynopogon Alyxia); but in that the leaves are all quinate ;
which in mine probably never exceed the quaternary number,—

N.W.

3. A.? coriacea, Wall.

Smooth, sub-scandent, Branchlets alternately compressed. Leaves
Opposite, obovate, obtuse, thick and leathery, shining above. ase
cicles axillary, equalling the petiols, pubescent. Bractes ovate, ob-
tuse,

A native of the mountains of Pinang, from whence it was come
municated by Mr, Porter, Time of blossoming October and No=
vember,

It is said to,be a small branchy tree. The branches appear to
have a tendency to climb; they are perfectly smooth, covered with
brownish bark, and slightly compressed towards their apex.— Leaves
about three inches long, with an acute, tapering base, and a rounded,

$43 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Alyxia,

rarely sub.acute apex, remarkably firm and leathery, dark-green and
shining above, somewhat glaucous underneath; rib keeled, nerves
capillary, retmotish.— Petiod about half an inch long, slightly furrow.
ed, even at the base.— Flowers white, disposed in short, axillary, sim-
ple or fascicled racemes. Bracées ciliate, blunt. Lacinie@ of the
calyx ovate, acute, ciliate-—Tube of the corolla swelled under the
limb ; throat shut with five, two-lobed protuberances. Lacinie ob«
long-falcate. Anthers sessile at ihe upper end of the tube.— Ovary
Bingle, ovate, two-celled, with several ovuda attached to a septal ©
placenta, Stigma oblong, blunt, fleshy.

Obs. I strongly suspect that this and the next species will be found
to belong to Rauwolfia, or to constitute a new genus. ‘This point
can, of course, only be decided, when the fruit shall be obtamed.
‘The disposition of the leaf-vessels on which I place great reliance in
determining, generic and natural affinities, is the same as that in
Alyxia and Hunterza ; the structure of the calyx, ovary, and stigma
correspond with that of the last mentioned genus.—N. W.

4. A.? glaucescens, Wall.

Leaves opposite oblong, terminating in a linear blunt acumen,
glaucous underneath. Corymbs axillary, many-flowered. Lobes of
the calyx obtuse. Lacini@ of the corolla finely acuminate. Throat
- crowned. —

It was communicated from Pinang by Mr. George Porter.

A very branchy, smooth, climber. Branches and séem'round ¢
the uppermost parts slightly compressed. Leaves opposite, appro.
ximate, oblong, terminating in a long, obtuse acumen; base rounded,
or acute, five to six inches long, leathery, glossy above, glaucous
and opaque underneath with very numerous capillary, parallel, often
geminate nerves, which unite close under the margin by means of a
vein. Petiols slender, scarcely above half an inch Jong, deeply fure
rowed.—Corymbs axillary, rounded, many-flowered, sub-sessile, di-
chotomous, nearly smooth. Flowers small, white, ternate 5 pedicels
‘very short, with two alternate, ovate, ciliate bractlets. Calyx divided

Rauwolfia. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. &43

into ovate, obtuse, ciliate, segments.—Corvolla hypocrateriform. Tube
a little pubescent within, toward the base. Lacinie falcate, termi-
nating ina long, subulate acumen. Throat crowned with five promi-
nent, oblong, two-lobed, fleshy crenulate teeth, which shut it up en-
tirely and run down the inside of the tube to the part where the sta-
miua are lodged. Lilaments very short. Anthers free, sagittates
Stigma acute.

Obs. Not having seen the fruit I am doubtful about the genus te
which this plant belongs. The habit and peculiar disposition of
the nerves of the leaves are those of A/yxia, and Hunteria, but the
obtuse calyx and the crowned faux of the corolla mdicate a generic
difference. The following species of Rauwolfia I bave added from

the Ist Vo]. of Malayan Miscellanies.—N. W.

RAUWOLFIA.

Corolla oblique, salver-shaped. Stamens included. Drupe gio-
hose, with two nuts, each of two cells,

1, R. sumatrana, W. Jack.

“ Leaves ternate or quaternate, elliptic-oblong, widening towards

the apex, smooth. //owers terminal, umbellate. Mouth of the
‘corolla shut with hairs,”’~Jack in Malayan miscell. i. No. v. 22.
Tampal badak or Simbu badak. Malay.

Frequent in the neighbourhood of Benevolen.

It grows to a small tree, having somewhet the habit and foliace
ofthe Mangga laut, or Cerbera Manghas. Tie whole plant is lactes.
cent, Leaves verticillate, generally in threes, sometimes in fours,

short-petioled, about six inches long, e liptic, oblong, broader abuve
and terminating in a short point, very entire, very smooth, rather
firm, and having nearly transverse nerves,

umbellate, terminal, long, round, and smooth, bearing compound
umbels of smal! white flowers. Ca/yx small, five-lobed. -Corv/la

While; tube Jonger than the calyx, limb spreading, five-parted, lobes

Peduncles thi-e or fom,

$44 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Onhiorrhize.

sub-rotund, faux closed with white hairs, which appear to form five
tufts. Stamina five incluse; filaments very short; anthers yellow,
sagittate, acute, conniving over the stigma. Ovary furrowed on
both sides, two-celled, tetrasporous, surrounded by an obscurely
five-lobed nectarialring. Styles two united together. Stigma peltate,
capitate, glutinous, papillous. Berry globose, smooth, containing |
two nuts, which are compressed, rugose, gibbous below and taper
ing towards the top, sub-unilocular with an imperfect dissepiment ;
generally one-seeded. Seed compressed.

Obs. This species appears to have considerable resemblance to
Rauwolfia nitida, but is sufficiently distinguished by its inflores-
cence. The wood of this tree is very light, and employed by the Sue
meatrans for the scabbards of their swerds and krises. W. Jack,
loc. cit—N. W,

OPHIORRHIZA, Schreb. gen. N. 273.

Calyx five-toothed. Coroé# funnel-shaped. Germ inferior, two-
celled, cells many-seeded, attachment to a sub-inferior, free, clavate
receptacle. Stigma bilid. Capsule two lobed, twe-celled. Seeds
humerous, angular.

1. O. Mungos, Willd. 1. 826.

Leaves opposite, elliptic, smooth, Corymbs terminal.

Radix Mungo, Kempf. Amoen. 573 et 577.

Leaves opposite, petioled, oblong, entire, pointed, in texture req
markably thin, length from four to six inches.—FPetioles short,
villous.— Stzpu/es, a slight connecting membrane.—Corymbs termi-
nal, manv-flowered.— Ca/yxz superior, one-leaved, five-toothed, per=
manent.—Corol one-petalled, funnel-shaped; tube short; border
five-parted, divisions oblong, hairy on the inside, pointed.—Nectary
a thick, two-lipped, fleshy body crowning the germ between the base
of the stamens and style.-Filaments five, very short, inserted op

Ophiorrhiza. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 545

the base of the tube. Anthers linear, erect, nearly hid in the tube
of the corol.— Germ beneath, turbinate. — Siyle as long as the sta-
mens. Stigma two-lobed.— Capsule obverse reniform, totally com-
pressed, (two-lobed); on the outside five ribs run down from the di-
visions of the calyx, internally divided into two cells by a transverse
partition, opening between the remains of the two fleshy nectarial
lips. Receptacle sub-cylindric, free, affixed to the partition near its
base. Seeds very numerous, angular,

Obs. From my own knowledge, [ can say nothing of the vir-
tues, that have been by various authors ascribed to the root of this
plant. Indeed [ am rather inclined to look upon the whole to be
a fiction:

Additional Obs. by N. W.

That Kaempfer’s description of the fruit of his Mungo differs wide-
ly from that of our plant or any belonging to the genus, has been
remarked by Gertner (see quotation to the next species. )— The figure
added to Linneus’s Materia Med. p. 27. (copied by Plenck, icon.
plant. med.i. 53, t. 9O,) is tolerably correct as far as regards the leaves
and the disposition of the fruit.—I have found the plant in several
forests in the valley of Nipal, growing in dark moist places, blossom-
ing and preducing fruit during the rains; at Pinang i have seen it on
the mountains, growing en rocks.—The root isfibrous. Stemerect,
or sub-ascending, as thick sometimes as a goose-quill, a foot high,
villous above, simple or with a few branches only, The leaves are un=
equal in size in each pair, which is more or less the case in all the
other species.— St?pules ensiform, pubescent, deciduous.— Common
peduncle slender, villous, from three to five inches lone,—The Ne-
palese make no use whatever of the plant.—The Pinang plant
acquires a red lint on the under-surface of the leaves on being drie
ed; it may perhaps be found hereafter to constitute a distinct spe
cieo.—N. W.

Qa4q

546 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Ophiorrhiza.

2. O. villosa, R.

Suffructicose, erect, viilous. Leaves from ovate-oblong to Jan-
ceolar, Corymbs terminal, long-peduneled, villous,

A native of shaded, moist places amongst the hills of Chittagonz;
where it blossoms in May, and the seed ripens in three or four
monilis.

Slems a few inches high, simple, sub-ligneous, while young hairy.
— Leaves opposite, short-petioled, oblong, entire, veins many, large,
parallel, and hairy ; from three to four inches long, and one or two -
brood. — S/ipules ensiform, villous.— Corymds terminal, solitary, rather
Ieng-peduncled, sub-globular, rough, with ferruginous pubescence,
composed of a few recurved, short, villous branches, with the numer-
ous, white, sub-sessile Howers on the upper, or convex side thereof.
—Calyx hairy, five-foothed.—Corol funnel-shaped. Tube the
length of the five segments, its mouth shut with hairs.— Fila-
ments fiye, inserted on the bottom cf the tube of the corol, Ane
thers linear, erect.-_Neclary a fleshy bilabiate body on the top of
the germ embracing the base of the style, asm O. Mlungos. Germ
tuibinate, inferior, two-celled, with numerous ovula in each, attach.
ed to two large, free receptacles which are attached to the base of
the partition. Stéyle the length of the tube of the corol.—Stigma
large, two-lobed, villous.—Capsule tivo-lobed, transverse, breadth
twice the height, two-celled, opentrg round the apex.—Seeds, Kce

as in O. Alungos, Gaert. carp. i. 204. ¢. 55.

Adailional species by N. TV.

3. O. tomentosa, IV. Jack. Mss. :

“The whole plant densely and very softly villous. Stem erect,
bianchy, Leaves lanceolate-vblong, finely acuminate, and longish
petio's, hoary underneath. ;

A native of Pinang and Sumatra, where it was first discovered by
the late Mr. Jack. I have found it in abundance on the hi ls of the
former island in flower aud seed fromthe month of Avenst to Novem

ber,

Opliorrhiza. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. o47

< Siem herbaceous, erect, branched, round, villous, reddish,
about a foot in height.— Leaves opposite, petiolate, lanceolate, acute
at both ends, very entire, four to five inches long, tomentose and
dark-green above, villous and hoary underneath, with reddish nerves.
— Stipules subulate.—Petiol villous, flat above, from half an inch
to an inch long. —Corymds terminal, peduncled, with umlateral sub-
sessile flowers:-—Peduncles tomentose.—Calyr small, tomentose,
five-toothed-—Corol/a white, longer than the calys.—Slamina~ en-
closed ; anthers linear.— Sty/e elevated above the throat; stigma di-
vided in two linear, thick lobes.— Nectary a biiabiate glandular budy
crowning the ovary.—Capsule transversely compressed, obcordate,
two-celled, many-seeded.”—W. Jack’s Mss,

Obs. ‘The above-mentioned variety of Ophiorrhiza Mungos is ex-
tremely hke this plant, and may perhaps belong to it as a smooth

variety.—N. W.

4, O. heterophylla, W. Jack, in Mal. Miscell. ii. vii. 85.

‘‘ Leaves opposite, sub-rotund-ovate, one in each pair much
smaller than the other.

Found in the interior of Sumatra,

This species is readily distinguished by the peculiarity of one of
the opposite deaves being always dwarf or abortive, the other is
sub-rotuud-ovate, with a bluntish acumen, smooth, pale, and whit.

ish beneath. The stem is erect and tomentose. lowers in a small

terminal cyme. Capsule compressed, obcordate.”—W. Jack, |. cit.

—N.W.
5. O. rugosa, Wall.

Villous, creeping at the base, ramous. Leaves lanceolate, shine

ing, rugose, and scabrous above. Corymb equalling the uppermost
pair of leaves in length.

+

{ have found it in forests on Shivapoor and other high mound
tains near the valley of Nipal, flowering and producing fruit during
the rains,

Qqq2

548 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Ophiorrhize.

Root consisting of a number of long, pink-coloured, fibres.— Stems
several, creeping at the base, from thence ascending, the upper part
erect, from six inches to two feet high, slender, round, thickly beset
with short, ferruginous, spreading hairs, somewhat swelled and joint.
ed at the insertion of the leaves.—These are spreading, opposite,
lanceolate, ending in a long point, acute at the base, from one and a
half, to two and a half inches long, the upper surface furrowed along
the nerves, dark-green, shining, somewhat rough with short, pelju-
cid hairs ; pallid underneath, with oblique, arcuate, reticulate, pube.-
scent nerves, Petiol villous, flat above, one of each pair generally
shorter than the other; as is also the case with respect to the leaves
themselves.— Stipules interpetiolar, ensiform, widening at the base,
two or three lines long, sometimes bifid, slightly recurved, at length
deciduous.—Corymb terminal, about the height of the uppermost
pair of leaves, bifid or tiifid. Peduncle an inch to two long, vil-
Jous, round, fleshy, with two subulate, erect bractes about the mid-
dle.—Flowers white, pubescent, geminate, unilateral: one sessile,
the other pedicelled, besides a sessile one in each bifurcation, Pe-
dice!s short, supported by minute linear bractlets. Calycine laci-
mig minute, subulate, distant, erect.—Corol/a five lines long; tude
cylindric, a little widening at its base; dimb divided into five lance-
olate, acute lobes, half the length of the tube, villous above, as is al-
so the mouth of the tube.—Filaments smooth, inserted above the
base of the corolla; anthers limear, enclosed.—Ovary tleshy, small,
wbovate, a jittle compressed, pallid, two-celled; ovufa numerous,
inserted towards the bottom of the very narrow septum, on a fleshy
placenta. Style pubescenut.— Stigma subulate, fleshy, two-lobed, a it~
ile below the throat of the corolla,.— Nectary two-lobed, crowning
the ovary within the laciia of the calyx, opposite to its septum.

Obs. tis hardly possible to fix on any positive character to dis-
iinguish among the species of this genus.—O. gllosa, Roxb, of
which I have abundant specimens before me from Szibet, is. a
much shorter and less branchy plaat; ics leaves are whitish or silve-

ry underneath.—N. W.

Gardenia. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. $49

GARDENIA, Schreb. gen. N. 416.

Calyx with the divisions uncertain, Corvol funnel-shaped. Germ
inferior, one-celled, with numerous ovula, attached to two or more
parietal receptacles. Berry one-celled, mauy-seeded. Limbryo
furnished with a perisperim, directions various.

With Jussieu, Lamarck, Gaertner and others, I have at last separat-
ed the Gardenias with a one-celled seed vesse) and parietal receptas
cles from those, which are two-celled, with the receptacles attached
to the partition. ‘To those still called Gardenia belong the follow-
ing unarmed species, viz. G. florida, calyculata, costata, latifolia,
arborea, lucida, gummifera, tetrasperma, montana, and the two arm-
ed species, furgida, and campanulata. And to the latter ( Posoque-
ria) belong udéginosa, dumetorum, nutans, longispina, fragrans, fas-

ciculata, aud lungiflora, all of which are armed,

Sect. 1st. Unarmed.

1, G. florida, Willd. spec. 1. 1225.*

Shiubby, unarmed. Leaves oval,’acute at both ends. Berries
Jong, turbimate, with as many sharp ridges as there are divisions in
the calyx.

Sung. WAILTH:, Gundhuraja,

Beng. Gundhuraj.

‘Caisjopisi, Rumph. amb. vit. 26. t. 14, f. 2.

A large, very ramous sbrub, found in gardens about Calcutta,
and originally from China.

Tuunberg’s description of it is the best 1 have seen, | can only add

* In Edwards's Bot. Register there is au excellent figure cf this species and of the closs-
ly allied, if not synonymous G. ratlicans, viz. yol.i. 73 of the latter and vol 6. 449 of the
former.—N. W.

+ This charming flower does not thrive wellin Nipal, atleast notin the Residency-
garden, where | have seeu-the shrub. In the warmer yalley of Noakote it is cultivated with

; - ‘cane Nw r
success and blossouis in the hot seasoa,—h. W.

850 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Gardenia.

that the flowers are axillary for the most part, and that in the calyx L
have always found a small inflected tooth-like process at the bottom
of cach fissure, which exists also in thatof the ripeberry. The seeds
nestle ina firm, deep orange-coioured pulp, which is a “substance
employed for dying in some parts of India.

‘Lo distinguish it from Gardenia sulcata, Gaertner carp, ub p. 78.
tub. 194. | willadd the following account of the fruit of this species.
—Germ turbinate, from five to six acute-angled; at the base from
three- to five-celled; above one-celled, with from three to five parietal
receptacles, to which the numerous ovula are attached.— Berry ob-
long, orange-coloured, smooth, the size of a pigeou’s egg, down the
sides run six equidistant ribs, a continuation of the permanent, ensi-
form segments of the calyx, one-celled. Receptacles genera ly four,
projecting from the lining of the cell to about one-fourth of its diame-
ter, when they divide into two or amore portions, Seeds numerous,
nidulant in orange pulp, roundish, a little compressed, rugose ; mode
of attachment on the ripe fruit obscure.—Perisperm conform to the
seed, pale—Lmbryo straight, nearly as long as the perisperm, Co-

tyledons two, cordate. Kudicle straight, pointing to, or very near to

‘the umbilicus.

2. G. calycuiata, R.

eer Leaves petioled, ovate, acuminate, smooth. Flowers
terminal, solitary, sessile, germ involucred. Ca/ycine segments en-
siform. Axthers within the swelling tube of the five-c'eft coral,

Native place uncertain; some thirty vears ago, it was brought from
Hydrabad to Lord Pigot at Madras, who planted it in his garden
there, where it was pointed out to me by Lady Clive in 1798. The

flowers are large, white, and like most of the genus, fragrant.

3. G. costata, R.*
Arboreous, unarmed. Leaves cuneiform-oblong, smooth, ribbed.

* This is probably the same as G. coronaria, Hamilt, (late Buchanan) in Symes’s Phos
fo Aya, 47-4 with a figure.—N. W,

Gardenia. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. B51

Calyx five-angled, Flowers typocrateriform. Berry crupaceous,
oval, five-ribbed, one-celled, shel] two-valved.

A native of the mountainous parts of India, From those of Chit-
tagong, it has been introduced into the botanic garden at Calcutta;
where, in ten or twelve years it has arrived to the size of a small elegant
tree. [tblossoms in April, and the seeds take nearly one year to ripen.

Trunk straight, in twelve years old trees eighteen inches circum-
ference.—The branches expand but little, the bark of the ligneous
parts is smooth and ash-coloured, that of the young shoots round, and
somewhat harsh with short, adpressed hairs; whole height from ten to
twenty feet. — Leaves opposite, short-petioled, oblong, and cuneiform-

oblong, smooth, when young resinous, entire, pointed ; veins numer-

a)
ous, large, and parallel; length from six to twelve inches, and we
breadth from three to five.—Stzpudes interfoliaceous, supporting the
leaves.— Flowers terminal, or nearly so, very large, the tube being

above three inches lone

g, and the border above four in diameter;

when they first expand at day break, they are white, but in the course
of the day change toa pretty deep yellow, powerfully fragrant.—Ca-
lyx cylindric; mouth irregularly divided into five lobes; outside resi-
nous, and strongly marked with five, very prominent angles, caducous.
(dn my /ucida, which this resembles most, it is permanent, smooth on
the outside, and deeply divided into five uniform segments.)—Corol.
Tube cylindric; border of five obliquely ovate segments.—Anthers
five, sessile, completely within the mouth of the tube, of two filiform
lobss.— Germ clavate, five-angled, and one-celled with numerous
ovula attached to two opposite receptacles, rising from the sides of |
the cell, as in Gaertne’s figure of Chironia baccifera, carp. 2.t.114.
Style the length of the tube. Stigma rather above the tube, large, and
consisting of two varicusly grooved lobes.— Berry drupaceous, oblong,
ventricose, smooth, yellow; five strong vertical ribs run its whole
leneth.— Pulp yellow, soft and rather foetid, one-celled. Shell thick,
hard, and two-va!ved.— Sees numerous, small, shape very irregular,
butalways much flattened, nidulaut in dark-coloured, soft pulp, It ts

only in the germ that their insertion can be clearly traced, Integu~

'5a8 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Gardenia,

‘ment hard and two-valved—Perisperm soft.—Embryo siraight,
nearly as long as the perisperm. Cofyledons ovate. Radicle aslong
as the cotyledons, and pointing directly to the umbiicus which is

generally the most pointed end of the seed.

4. G. latifolia, Willd. spec. i. 1226.

Arboreous, unarmed, Leaves opposite, or tern, sub-sessile, ovate.
Flowers terminal, three-fold, sessile, from eight- to nine-cleft. Berry
drupaceous, round, even, one-celled, five-valved,

Hind, Papara,

Gardenia enneandra, Konig’s Mss.

» Telinga. Cavingua.

Is 2 native of barren rocky hills both in the Circars, a Carna.
tic, like the other species it flowers about the beginning of the hot
season, and the seeds take nearly one year to ripen,

By siow growth it becomes a small tree, with sub-erect branches,
covered with smooth, ash-coloured bark. Leaves either opposite,
or three-fold, in a good soil always three-fold, nearly sessile, in-
serted into the stipulary ring, cbovate, entire, of a deep shining
green on the upper side, paler on the lower; veins many and large,
running parallel; in their axils are hollow glands, with hairy margins;
from six to twelve inches long.—Séipules annular within the leaves,
splitting irregularly when old.—Flowers one, two, three, or four,
at the extremities of the branchlets, very large, very fragrant; when
they first open in the morning white, gradually growing yellow
before night.— Peduncles short, one-flowered. —Cu/yx small, irregu-
larly divided.—Corol. Tube long,-cylindric, smooth. Border large,
spreading, from seven- to eleven-cleft, divisions obliquely oblong,
the length of the tube.— Filaments none. Anthers corresponding
with the number of segments in the border of the corol, linear, point-
ed at both ends, half immersed in the tube, the other half above its
mouth.— Germ oblong, one-celled, containing numerous ovula, at-
tached to five parietal receptacles — Berry the size of a pullet’s egg,
nearly round, crowned with a small part only of the tube of the

Gardenia. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, $53

calyx, which makes me suspect Gaertner’s G. latifolia, Vol. iii. p.
78, must belong to a different species. That my plant is the ori.
ginal datifolia 1 know well, as 1 was with Konig when he first
discovered it. Colour at all times a cineritious greenish yellow, a
little scabrous, one-celled, and the internal, nuciform portion five-
valved.— Seeds very numerous, attached to five parietal recepta-
cles,

Obs. This species is very deserving of notice. Its large, white,
young, glossy, green leaves, independent of the size, beauty and
fragrance of the flowers render it very ornamental.

5. G. lucida, R.*

Sub-arboreous, unarmed, erect, gems resinous. Leaves oblong,
smooth, hard, and lucid, with simple parallel veins. Divisions of the
calyx subulate. Tube of the corol cylindric, three times the Jength
of the calyx, border five-parted. Berries drupaceous, with a two-
valved cell.

A native of Chittagong and various other parts of India. It is io
flower and fruit the greater part of the year.

Trunk short, and straight. Branches numerous, opposite, decus-
sate, ascending, covered with smooth, ash-coloured bark ; young
shoots round, smooth, and generally incrusted with a little yellow
resin, a bright yellow drop of which is often found on the gems,
— Leaves opposite, short-petioled, oblong, smooth ; margins interior
and waved; rather obtuse-pointed, hard to the feel, both surfaces
polished; nerves numerous, parallel, and simple; about six inches
long, and about three broad.—Séipules annular, within the leaves;
mouth variously divided into unequal, obtuse seginents.— Peduncles
terminal, and above the axils, solitary, round, clavate, smooth, from
half an inch to an inch long, supporting a simple, beautiful, large,
pure white, fragrant fower.— Calyx five-cleft. Segments ensiform,
with the margins incurved, so as become subulate; permanent,—

* Probably the same as G. resinifera, Rath, Noy. Spec, 160,—N. W.
Rrr

boa FENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Gardenia.

Corel. Tube cylindric, smooth, from one to two inches long, which
ig more than twice the length of the calyx. Border tive-parted ;
divisions obliquely obovate-oblong, about the length of the tube.—
Filaments none. Anthers five, very long, slender and acute, half
hid in the tube of the corol, and affixed by their backs to its mouth.
-—Germ oblong, even, one-celled, containing numerous ovula at-
tached to two parietal receptacles. Style length of the tube of the
eorol. Stigma clavate, exert.— Berry drupaceous, oblong, size of a
pigeon’s egg, smooth, crowned with the permanent calyx, one-celled, -
its inner lamina of a bony hardness, turning into the cell on oppo-
site sides, but soon separated into two receptacles each.— Seeds
numerous, attached to the just mentioned receptacles.— Perisperm
conform to the seed.—Hmbryo with two cordate cotyledons, and a
cylindric radicle pointing to the umbilicus.

Obs. he total wantof pubescence, structure of the stipules, length
of the calyx, and sharpness of its divisions, distinguish this from G.
gummifera, which it most resembles.

6.G. arborea, KR.

Arboreous, unarmed. Leaves ovate-oblong. Flowers terminal, -
often three-fold, sub-sessile ; tube filiform; border five-patted. Bere
vy drupaceous, even; shell four- or fiveevalved.

Tam. Karinga marum.

Teling. Garga.

A nafive of the Circar mountains, Its leaves are deciduous during
the cold season, atid it continues naked ull the hot season is pretty
far advanced. Flowering time the begining of the hot season
while the tree 1s naked of leaves.

From the buds and wounds made m the bark there exudes a
very beautiful yellow resin, like that from Gardenia gummifera.

The size, number, fragrance, mutability and beauty of the flowers
of this species, renders it more deserving of a place in our gardens
than any species I know; | may even say, than G. florada,

‘Phe uatives eat the ripe fruit,

Gardenia. PENTANDBIA MONOGYNIA. 56

7. G. gummifera, Linn. Suppl. 164.

Shrubby, with resinous gems. — Leaves oblong, obtuse- pointed,
Divisions of the calyx ovate, acute, and very short. Tube of the cos
rol as long as the divisions of its border.

Native of Coromandel.

In a specimen in the Banksian herb. the divisions of the calyx are
long, slender, and acute. i

8.G. tetrasperma, R.
Shrubby. Leaves obovate-cuneate, smooth. Flowers axillary,

solitary, shortepeduncled, pentandrous. Calycine segments subu-
late. Derry round, four-seeded,

Found by Colonel! Hardwick on the mountains near Shreenugur ;
see Asiatic Researches vi. 354, :

Obs. by N. W.

The following account of this species is taken from the 6th Vol.
of Asiatic Res. p. 354.

“ Gardenia 3.—A plant of humble growth, shrubby, none seen
exceeding two feet i in height, growing among fragments of rocks on
the eleyated ridge near Chichooa. Leaves terminating the branches,
without order, rather crowded, petioled, very short. Flowers axillary,
single, on solitary, short peduncles, of a greenish white colour, and
very sweet to the smell. Perianth above, one-leaved, half five.cleft,
divisions awled, erect, permanent. Corol, funnel-formed ; tube long,
widening upwards, partly closed about thie middle by a ring of silky
down, Border five-parted, divisions ovate, equal. Filaments short,

within the tube. Anthers oblong, partly within the tube. Germ

globular, Style length of the tube. Stigma two-lobed, lobes ovate,

flattened, adpressed. Pericarp, a berry crowned with the calyx,

about the size of acommon pea, one-celled, four-seeded, ”—Hards

wick, J. cit —N, W.
re Rrr 2

586° PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Gardeni

Sect. 2d. Armed.

9. G. montana, R.
Arboreous. Leaves oblong-ventricose, downy underneath, termi-
nal, short-peduncled. Stamens within the belly of the tube. Berry
drupaceous, sub-rotund ; shed/ from five- to sixevalved.
Telinga. Tella kakisha.

A small, ramous tree ; armed with strong, short, acute thorns; a
native of the Circar mountains. Leaves deciduous i December. It

flowers about the beginning of the hot season, viz. March and April,
soon after which the leaves appear. Bark white, soft and spungy.

Thorns above the axils, opposite, spreading, short, but sharp;
sometimes they are wanting.— Leaves opposite on the young shoots,
fascicled on the older, nearly sessile, oblong, obtuse, entire, with the
margins revolute, above shining and smooth, a little downy underneath,
thiee inches long, by two broad.— Sézpu/es annular, within the leaves,
membranous.— Flowers three, four, five, or six, from little buds
about the extremities of the naked branchlets, preity large, very fra-
grant, when first open white, but soon becoming mere or less yellow.
— Peduicles short, one-tlowered.— Calyx smal], somewhat five-tooth-
ed, permanent.—Corol. Tube short, somewhat gibbous; throat
smooth. Border from five- to seven-cleft; divisions wedge-shaped,
emarginate.— Filaments none. Anthers iv number equal to*the sege
ments of the border of the flowers, linear, entirely within the tube.
—Nectary a monifiform, fleshy ring surrounding the insertion of the
style. The stigma just appears witiia the tube.— Berry the size of
a pullet’s egg, scabrous, ash-colour aud yellow mixed ; an exterior,
pulpy cortex covers ahard bony shel! which immediately encloses the
seeds with their pulpy nidus, it is one-celled, five- or six-valved, and
the incurved edges of the valves form the parietal receptacles for the
seeds.

10. G. campanulata, R.
Shrubby, armed. Leaves lanceolar, smooth. Flowers in termi-

Gardenia. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, $57

nal and lateral fascicles. Calyx five-toothed. Corol campanulate ;
border five-cleft. Berry round.

A native of the forests of Chittagong. Flowering time the month
of March ; seed ripe in November,

Trunk straight, but short, soon dividing and subdividing into nu-
merous, stiff, erect, and spreading branches. Bark of the old parts
brownish green, and pretty smooth; that of the tender parts lighter
coloured; height of the shrub in five years, from five to ten feet,
—Thorns single, short, strong, and sharp, they generally terminate
the little, lateral, opposite branchlets.— Leaves opposite, short-peti-
oled, broad-lanceolate, tapering most toward the base, entire, and
smooth on both sides, from two to five inches long, and from one to two
broad.— Stipules triangular, acute —F/owers small, of a pale yelow-
ish white, shoft-peduncled, crowded on the extremities of short, ri-
gid, lateral, spinous branchlets.—Ca/yz cylindric, five-toothed.—Co.
rol with a five-sided, campanulate tube, aud a border of five cbliques
ly-ovate sexments.—Anthers five, sessile in the bell of the corol.—
Germ inferior, one-celled, containing numerous ovula attached to
generally five, parietal receptacles. Style short. Stigma somewhat
five-grooved, and situated deep in the tube.— Berry round-ovate, the
size of a golden pippin, smooth, depressed, and slightly five-furrow-
ed at the apex and base; one-celled; the exterior tunic thick, fleshy,
yellowish, with slender, hard, longitudinal fibres interspersed, the un-
ner tunic thin and firm, but not bony, the edges of which turn in five
portions, forming five parietal receptacles.—Seeds minute, nidulent
in a little yellow pulp.—Perisperm conform to the seed, pale.—
Embryo straight. Cotyledons round. Radice cylindric, pointing
to the umbilicus. ;

Obs. The fruit is used by the natives as a cathartic and anthel.

mintic, and also to wash out stains in silk.

11. G turgida, R.
Arboreous, with sweiled meally bark, branches brachiate. Thorns
oppusite and terminal. Leaves obovate, smooth. SL/owers latera’,

$53 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA: Gardenia.

sub-solitary, calyx five-toothed, apices of the anthers scarcely peep-
ing from the tube of the smooth corol,

A native of Bhotan, and introduced by Dr. Carey into the bota-
nic garden at Calcutta, where it blossoms during the months of
March and April, the season when most other species of this ge-
nus are In flower, but after being twelve years in the garden it has
not once ripened a single fruit.

Trunk straight. Bark very thick and spongy, appearing as if swol-
Jen and somewhat meally. Branches brachiate, drooping, short,
and covered with bark like that of the trunk.—Spines opposite,
above the axils, and, when not terminal, in form of a small leaf-bear-
ing branchlet, shorter than the leaves,— Leaves opposite, sub-sessile,
obovate, entire, smooth on both sides, from one to four inches long,
and from one to three broad.—Stipules mterfoliaceous, acute.—
lowers lateral, generaily single, sub-sessile, large, white, and frae
grant.—Ca/yr short, cylindric, smooth, mouth slightly five-toothed.
—Coroj. Tube many times longer than the calyx, somewhat gib.
bous. Sorder of five, spreading, and finally revolute, obliquely-ob-
long, obtuse segments.—Stam. no filaments. Anthers filiform, with
their apices only peeping from the mouth of the tube.-Germ tur=
binate, one-celled, ovula numerous, attached to four or five parties
tal receptacles. Sfyle short. Stigma clavate, five-crooved, rathes
longer than the anthers. ny

Obs. The swollen, even bark of this species and its straight
trunk even up through the branches, render it readily known and

eqsily distinguished from all our other Indian Gardenias.

we

Additional Obs. by N. W.

Since the period when the preceding account was written the
trees in the Company’s botanic garden have occasiunally ripencd
their fruits. In 1815 one was produced, which measured two in-
ches and a halfin length, of an oval form, somewhat uneven and
knobbed on its surface, covered with ash-coloured scabrous epider=

rhis, without any vestige or remnant of the calycine lobes, resting

Gardenia. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 559

on ashort, thick peduncle. Parenchyma thick and hard.—Putamen
round, beny, newly balf a line thick, five-valved.—Seeds very uu-
meruus, immersed in a scaly pulp, attached to five parietal pla-
centas, corresponding to the cuiuuissures of the vaives.—-Lhe fruit
is uot eatable.—N. W.

Adaitional species by N. W.

12. G. densa, Wall.

Shiubby, myid, with numerous sub-decussate branches, ending in
thomus. Leaves crowded, obovate, sub-sessiie, smooth. lowers so-
litary, sessile, terminal. Teeth of the ca.yx subulate.

i have only found this on the southern face of Shavapoor in Nipal,
above Toka, floweiing in April and May.

A very ramous, strong and rigid, erect shrub, four or five feet
high.— Branches short, stout, divaricate aud sub-decussate, obscures
ly four-sided, with rounded corners, covered with soft ash-coloured
bark, ending in arigid, subulate spine, which is from half an inch to
aninch long. While young they are pubescent and covered with ap-
proximate pairs of stipule-like scales.— Leaves crowded and sub-fas-
cicled, on the young branchlets, obovate, cuspidate-acute, tapering at
the base, sub-sessile, from half an inch to two inches long, entire,
smooth, opaque, with slender, oblique nerves underneath.—Stipules
bread-lanceolate, pubescent, with membranous margins, ending in a
cuspidate acumen, recurved, withering.— Flowers small, terminal,
solitary, sub-sessile, smooth, of a yellowish-white colour, fragrant.—
Calycine teeth subulate, spreading, about one-third of the length of
the tube, whichis cylindric at the base, and widening considerably
towards the throat, half an inch long, pubescent within, and shut
about its middle by a circular series of silky hairs.—Limb spread-
ing, flat, divided into five, lanceolate, acuminate seements, nearly as
long as the tube,—Ancthers five, linear, sub-sessile, semi-exsert.—
Ovary turbinate, smooth, supported by two opposite, lanceolate, bracts
lets, two-celled, with three ovula in each cell, inserted and half-im-
mersed into a fleshy septal placenta, their {ree end descending.— Style

‘580 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Gardenia.

slender, surrounded at the base by a fleshy, annular, convex, yellow
disc, which rests on the ovary within the teeth of the calyx. Stigma
elevated above the throat, clavate, smooth, with two opposite green.
ish lines, obscurely two-lobed.

Obs. It seems to come very near to G. tetrasperma, Roxb. which
has been wel! described by the discoverer, my excellent friend Major-
Generai Hardwick, in the extract which I have subjoined to the
specific character given above. The chief difference appears to
consist in the axillary flowers in that species.—N. W.

13. G. carinata, Wall,

Arboreous, unarmed; all the young parts resinous. Leaves ellips
tic-obovate, ribbed, villous underneath. Flowers terminai, solitary.
Calyx truncate, obscurely five-lobed, its middle marked with five
strong keels. Dube of the corol very long. Limb divided into six
or more lobes.

A. native of Pinang, where it grows on the hills, blossoming in
December. It was found by the diligent Mr, Porter, who sent me
abundance of specimens.

' This large and handsome species comes very near to Roxburgh’s
G. costata, for which I at first took it; and his description agrees in
every respect with that of our plant except in the following points.
—The leaves are here elliptc-obovate, ending in a short acumen,
tapering much downwards, almost perfectly smooth above, but soft
and villous undemeath.—Stipules tubular, with a lateral or two op-
posite fissures at the apex, quickly deciduous from their point of in-
sertion, which remains as a circular vestige, but often continuing in
their detached state, to surround the branch loosely, Flowers some-
what smaller than in that species, at first snow-white, afterwards yel-
low ; becoming when dried of a beautiful orange-colours; from sixe
to lea aid with a corresponding number of stamens.—Calyx

thick and feshy, ventricose at the middle, and there marked with five

large, ovate, obtuse, pretty equa! keels; its mguth wider than the

Gardenia. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. &61

tube of the corolla, obscurely lobed and waved,—The fruit is pre-
cisely as in that species.

14. G. anisophylla, Mss. Jack.

Arboreous, unarmed. Leaves densely villous, elliptic, unequal in
each pair. Stipules opposite, lanceolate, connate at the base, beard«
ed within. Corymbs axillary, villous, Cadyx five-toothed, Tube
of the corolla short. Drupe villous, oval.

Specimens were first communicated by my late friend Jack who
discovered the plant at Pinang. I afterwards found it in great abun-
dance both on the hills at Pinang, and on the island of Singapore, in
fruit and flower from August to November.

A small unarmed tree. Branches round, ash.coloured; the up-
per and rcent ones densely c'ad in rust-coloured, soft down,—
Leaves most spreading, from oval to elliptic and sub-obovate, acute,
tapering downwards, measuring from six to twelve inches, sometimes
twice that length, soft and vilous on both sides, especially under-
neath where they are marked with numerous parallel, sub-transversal
vibs and with transversal approximate veins between them; they are
of a rather thin texture, and become smoother by age; while young
they are densely tomentose. One ineach pair is always smaller than
the other, measuring only one half or less of the size of the other
(bence the specific name. Petiols from half an inch to an inch long,
villous.— Stipules lage, inter-petiolar, broad-lanceolate, acute, vil-
Jous, connate at the base, and bearded within, deciduous.—Corymb.
term nal or axillary, nodding, shortapeduncled, much shorter than the
Jeaves, trichotomous, villous, _ Peduncles short. Bractes lanceolate,
deciduous, lowers rather small for the size of the tree, white,
sub-sessile, termate, villous on the outside.—Calyx ovate, with five,
acute, deciduous teeth.—Tube of the corolla a little longer than the
teeth of the calyx, widening upwards. Limb divided into five, spreads
ing, oblong Jaciniz, which equal the tube in length. | Anthers sub-
sessile, not elevated above the throat of the corolla, Stigma clavate,

Saa

562 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Posoqueria.

two-lobed.— Drupe thin, oval or roundish, crowned with the short,
mostly truncate tube of the calyx, nearly as large as a walnut, slight.
ly ribbed, covered with short, separable villosity. Putamen thin,
two-valved, containing a great number of seeds which lie flat on each
other, ina soft fleshy pulp, and form two semi-ova'e bodies, attach-
ed to two opposite short ridges, produced by the inflected margins of
the shell and forming an incomplete dissepiment.

Obs. This tree ought perbapsto be placed under Posoqueria which
genus as well as Genipa it resembles in its fruit.—N. W.

15. G. tubifera, Wall.

Sub-arboreous, unarmed. Leaves cuneate-oblong, petioled, slight.
ly scabrous above, pubescent underneath. Drupe round, uneven,
crowned with a very long truncate, calycine tube.

I have only found this in fruit at Singapore, in October.

All the young parts are resinuus. Leaves in closely approximate
pairs, from five to six inches iong, ribbed, euding in a short-acumen,
tapering downwards. Peféiol an inch long.— Drupe almost exactly
globular, aninch ard half in diameter, uneven, and dotted. Putuinen
very thick, divisible mto eight valves——I have observed another
species in fruit on the same island, resembling it in general habit
and leaves, but differing in the fruit being rather smaller and smoother,
not crowned with any tube, but with five minute teeth, containing a
five-valved putamen.

Thope to be able to obtain better and flowering specimens of
both, and to furnish a more detailed description herealter.—N. W.

POSOQUERIA, Aubl. Juss. Lamark, and Gaert. also

Ceriscus of Guert,’

Calyz, five- or six-cleft, Corol tubular, border from five- to sixs
parted. Germ iwierior, two-celled ; ovula numerous, attached to a

free receptacle from the centre of the partition, Berry twoecelled.
p p y

cau2 !

Posoqueria. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 563

Seeds numerous, nidulant. Embryo furnished with a perisperm,
direction various,

1. P. uliginosa, R.

Arboreous, armed, branches straight, four-sided; branchlets dee
cussate, horizontal, bearing the thorns and flowers at their extremis
ties. Berry oval, drupaceous, even.

Gardenia uliginosa, Willd. spec. i. 1228.

Beng. Peeralo.

Tam, Wagatta,

Telinga. Neila-kakisha.

A rigid, ramous, small tree, armed with numerous, strong thorns,
A native of various parts of India, delighting in moist places, such
as the banks of rivers, low lauds, &c. Flowering time the beginning
of the hot season, and in some measure all the year. The seeds
ripen in the cool season.

Trunk short, covered with a dark, rust-coloured, scabrous bark.
Branches, some stiffly erect, very rigid, four-cornered, thick set with
short, round, diverging, decussated branchlets ; others spreading.
Thorns one, two, three, or four, at the extremities of the short, round
branchlets just mentioned. — Leaves opposite, on the young shoots,
fascicled at the extremities of the branchlets, short-petioled, oblong,
smooth, shining, entire, from two to three inches long, by one and
half broad.—Stzpules within the leaves as in the rest of the genus —
Flowers one, two, or three upon their proper short peduncles, at the
extremities of the branchlets, large, white and fragrant.—Calyxr
tubular, obtusely five-toothed, permanent.—Coro/, mouth of the tube
shut up with much white hair. Border flat, from five- to eight-
cleft; divisions orbicular.— Nectary a fleshy, angular ring surrounds
ing the base of the style.— Germ inferior, two-celled, each containe«
ing numerous ovula, attached to a crescent-shaped receptacle in
each cell, vertically united to the midd'e of the partition, —Berry

two-celled, size and shape of a pullet’s egg, bark ash-coloured, oF
Sss 2

864 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Posoq ucria.

olive grey: pulp in large quantity, hard and dry.— Seeds numerous,
oval, flattened, nidulant.— Embryo furnished with a perisperm, its
direction various,

The flowers of this species render it deserving of a conspicuous

place in the flower garden. ‘The uncommon appearance of the plant
is also in its favour.

2. P. dumetorum, Willd. i. 1229. ,

Sub-arboreous, armed. leaves obovate. lowers lateral, and
terminal, solitary; tube short, border five-parted. Berry drupaceous,
spherical.

Gardenia dumetorum, Willd. i. 1229.

G. spinosa, Suppl. Plant. p. 164. .

Lelinca, Manga.

This is one of the most common, thorny, remous shrubs, or, in a
good soil, «mall trees, on the coast; there is scarcely an uncultivated
spot where itis not to be found. Flowering time the beginning of
the wet season.

Dr. Koenig’s description of this shrub, published in the Supple-

vood and full.

mentum Plantarum of the younger Linneus is g

Germ twocelied, each containing many ovula attached to a
crescent-shaped receptacle in each cell, which is vertically attach-
ed to the middle of the partition — Berry round, smooth, when ripe
yellow, and much hke a small crab apple both in size and appearance.
Pulp iv large quantity, of a firm, fleshy testure, two-celled.— Seeds
numerous, oval and oblong, attached as in the germ, and nestling in
a quantity of gelatinous pulp.—Perisperm conform to the seed.—
Embryo more than half the length of the seed, straight. Cotyledons
roundish. Radicle cylindric, length of the cotyledons, vaga.

‘It is employed for fences, and fire-wood. The flowers like all
the rest of this genus are highly fragrant, but in this species few in
number.

The fruit when ripe, looks like a small yellow apple; if bruised
and thrown into ponds where there are fish, they are soon intoxicated,

Posoqueria. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 563

and seen floating. If this is done daring the bot season, it is said, the
fish generally die, but if during the wet or cold season they recover,

Fishermen sometimes follow this mode to enable them to take
the fish with more ease. They are not deemed less wholesome
from the effects of the fruit. Coccrlis Indicus does not grow in
those parts nor it is known or used there for this purpose.

.

3. P. nutans, R.
Shrubby, armed, branchlets drooping. Leaves narrow-obovate-
oblong. Lowers solitary. Berries tound, crowned with the entire

Calyx.

Ciriscus malabaricus, Gert. sem. i. ¢. 28, is with respect to shape
and size a very good representation of the berry, but to render it
exact the calycine segments, and the receptacles of the seeds must
be added. ‘The figures are too small for dumelorum growing in
exactly the same spot, and with the same management. Lu the botavic
garden at Calcutta, in twelve years, this is a ta!l slender sivub with
very slender drooping branches, and a trunk not thicker than a man’s
wrist, whereas dumetorum of the same age has grown to be a stout,
rigid, smal! tree, with a trunk two inches and a halfin circumference,
at four feet above the ground.

Trunk straight, from three to four feet high. Branches numerous,
with the extreme divisions long, slender, and drooping; tender
shoots a little hairy.— Spines axillary, opposite, horizontal, straight,
slender, but hard, stiff, and sharp.— Leaves on the young shoots op-
posite, on the old ones fascicled, short-peticled, from cuneiform-ob«
long to round, from one to two inches Jong, by about one broad.— S¢?-
pules triangular, acute, &c. asin the order.— Flowers solitary from the
old axils under the spines, with cr without leaves, short-pedimcled,
middle-sized, white and fragrant.—Calyr with a short, rather hairy,
cylindric tube, and five-parted border, all permanent.—Coro/, outside
sericeous. Tube very little longer than the calyx, swelled near the
base, and there shut with a dense circle or valve of white hairs, point-

lug upwards, Border of five, obovate, spreading segments, which are

566 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Posoqueria,

imbricated in the bud.— Filaments, scarcely any. Anthers filiform,
without the tube.—Germ turbinate, two-celled, with many ovula in
each, attached to two peltate receptacles arising from the centre of
the partition. Sty/e rather longer than the tube of the corol, swelled
near the middle. Stigma large, roundish, clammy, apex two-lobed,
Berry the size of a nutmeg, nearly round, somewhat rngose, pulpy,
crowned with the entire calyx, two-celled. Seeds numerous, smail,
oval, flattened.—Perisperm and embryo as in the other species.

4. P. longispina, R.

Arboreous, armed, spines opposite, and alternate, horizontal.
Leaves vbovate-cuneate, smooth. Flowers solitary, terminal, and
axillary. Calyx smooth, border permanent. Fruit obovate, smooth.

A native of the coast of Coromandel. Flowering time the hot
and rainy season.

Trunk straight. Branches numerous, the smaller long, slender,
spreading, and drooping, a habit which immediately distinguishes
this species from Koenig’s dumetorum ; its branches being short and
rigidly erect.—Spines oppositeor alternate, decussate, horizontal,
straight, strong and sharp; length from one to two inches, — Leaves
on the young shoots opposite, on the old ones in fascicles below the
spines, allare short-petioled, obovate-cuneate, entire, smooth on both
sides; size varying, from half an inch to three inches in length.
Stipules (examine the very young shoots to find them) within the
leaves, subulate, pointed —F lowers solitary, short-peduncled, gener-
ally from the extremities of the little, leaf-bearing branchlets below
the spines, rarely axillary, pretty large, pure white, and fragrant,—
Calyx perfectly smooth. Tube cylindric; border of five, ovate-cor-
date, permanent segments. In dumetorum the tube only is permanent.
—Corol salver-shaped. Tube as loug asthe tube of the calyx, villous
on the outside, within, a ring of projecting hairs shuts it up about
the middle. Border of five, obliquely ovate, spreading divisions.—
Filaments none. Anthers five, linear, attixed over the fissures of the
border of the corol, and entirely without its tube.—Sfyle thickened

Posoqueria. PENTANDRIA MONCEYNIA. 567

atthe middle. Stigma erect, two-lobed.— Berry obovate (in P.
dumetorum round,) size of a large putmey, smooth, two-celled.—
Seeds numerous, unmersed in pulp.

Obs. Thunberg’s Gardenia spinosa is a plant I have not seen, if it
be not Kvenig’s dumetorum or this very species I have now describ-
ed, consequently cannot say wherein they differ, but from dumeto-
rum, which I know well, it differs very conspicuously in the structure,
and disposition of the branches, in the shape of the fruit, and in the
border of the calyx being permanent.

5. P. fragrans, Koen. Mss.

Shrubby, armed. Leaves long-obovate. Flowers numerous, col-
lected in swall, simple, terminal umbellets. Serries from eight- to
ten.eeded.

Gardenia fragrans, Koen. Mss.

Lelingu. Pedally.

Wih P. dumetorum it is a common, rigid, shrubby species; it
seems also to delight in a poor soil, and like it is armed with strong
sharp thorns, Brought into a good soil these almost totally disappear.
Ii flowers about the beginning of the rains in ‘June and July.

Leaves opposiie on the young shoots, fascicied on the old ones,
short-petioled, oblong; on both sides are smooth aud glossy hollow
glands in the axils of the large nerves; border hairy ; from two to three
inches lone, by one and a half broad.—Stipules connecting the pe-
tioles, acute.x—Umbellets s'mple, small, termimal, or from small tu-
berosities on the branchlets, bearing many, small, white, fragrant
flowers.—Peduncles shovt.— Bractes, a. small acute one at the base
of each pedicel.—Calyx five-toothed, toothlets acute.—Curol, throat
hairy. Border always five-cleft, divisions acute.—Stamens and pis-
tidlum as in the genus.— Berry the size of a small cherry, red, two-=
celled.—Seeds from eight to twelve in both cells, kidney-shaped,
orange-coloured,

Obs. 1 kuow of no use this tree is puf to, except to make fences,
for which it is well adapted, particularly when itis the produce of a

568 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Posoqueria.

poor barren soil, i! is then well armed wiih strong thorns. The

tlowers like those of all the rest, are delighiful.y fragrant.

6. P. fasceculata, R.

Shrubby, spines exulary, patent. Leaves ovate-oblong, sub-sessile.
Fascicles axillary, aud ta ihe jorks of the branches. Berries two-
celled,

A middlingssized, very ramous, well armed shrub, a native of
Silhet, where it blossoms in March and April.

Branchlets smooth, opposite and dickotomous.—Spines axillary,
patent, straig!.t, rather short.— Leaves epposite, short-petioled, ovate=
oblong, entire, pretty smooth, from one to three inches long.—
Stipules interfoliaceous, acuminate— Flowers collected into small,
sub-sessile fascicles, in the furks of the dichotomous branchlets, or
axillary, middling-sized, and like those of most of the other species,
fragrant; when they first expand they are white, but gradually change
to pale yellow by the second day.— Calyx hairy, margin divided into
five, subulate seements.— Coro infundibuliform, border of five, ob-
long segmenits.— filaments scarcely any. Anthers five, linear, one=
third of their length within the tube of the corol.—Germ inferior,
two-celled, each containing many ovula attached to a receptacle
rising from the centre of the partition, Style the length of the carol.
Stigma clavate, unequally two-lobed,

7. P. lonsijlera, BR.

Arboreous, armed with opposite, recurved spines. Leaves lan-
cevlar-obloug, smooth. Corymbs terminal and axillary, few-flowered.

Compare with Gardenia multiflora, Willd. i, p. 1231.

A native of Chittagonz, where it grows to be a pretty large tree,
It flowers during the hot season, and the seeds ripen in July and
August.

Branches and branchlets opposite, round, and smooth.—Spines
axillary, very strong, sharp, and considerably recurved.— Leaves op-=
posite, short-petioled, from broad-lanceolar, to oblong, entire,

Posoqueriu. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIAe 669

smooth, from four to six inches long, by one and a half or two broad.
— Stipules as in the order.—Corymbs terminal, and axillary, short,
generally about eleven- to thirteen-fowered, every part smooth.—
Flowers large, pale, or nearly white when they first expand, becom-
ing yellow by the second day, fragrant.—Ca/yz tubular, mouth cut
into five, semilunar segments.—Corol, tube long and slender; border .
of five, unequally lanceolate, spreading segments.—£ilaments none.
Anthers five, linear, attached to the mouth of the tube of the corol,
— Germ inferior, two-celled, with many ovula in each, attached to their
elevated fleshy receptacle, rising from the centre of the partition.—
Berries the size of common cherries, when ripe yellow, smooth,
fleshy, two-celled.—Seeds numerous, &c. &c. as in the genus.

Obs. by N.W.

J have found this or one very much like it at Singapore, in abun-
dance, in flower and fruit in the months of September and October.
J have likewise had specimens of it from Sélhet, where it blossoms
in March, under the name of Gooja-kanta, Those from thé former
place differing only in the leaves being somewhat smaller, and the
segments of the calyx more acute, from Roxburgh’s plant, which
I doubt not is Lamarck’s Randia lcngiflora, Encycl. bot, iii. 26,.
Ejusd. illustr. ¢. 156. f. 3. There is a new species of Canthium in
the Company’s botanic garden, which has been introduced from
Silhet under the same native name, and which in general habit and
thorns resembles our shrub.—I propose calling it C. recurvum.—

N. W.
8. P. floribunda, R.

Sub-arboreous, armed. Leaves opposite and fascicled, obovate,
cuneate. Flowers in lateral fascicles; calyx longer than the tube of
the corol, its segments lanceolate. Berries ovate-cordate, polished.

A large, rigid, ramous shrub, or, ina good soil, small tree, like du-
metorum a native of the coast of Coromandel. Flowering time

Apriland May, and the seeds ripen immediately after the rains,
T tt

2
570. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Posoqueria.

Trunk in ten years old plants, in the botanic garden at Calcutta
as thick as a man’s leg, but short, soon dividing Into numerous
branches, and straight, stiff branchlets, in every direction. Bark ash-
coloured, on the oldest parts considerably cracked.—Spines axillary,
and rarely more than one to each pair of leaves ; about an inch long,
suff, straight, rigid and sharp.— Leaves on the tender shoots oppo.
site, on the old flower-bearing twig fascicled, round the fower sub-
sessile; the general form obovate, tapering a good deal to the base;
obtuse, smooth, from one to two inches long, by one broad. —Stipules
asin the order—#lowers short-peduncied, generally from four to six
produced from each of the smail Jateral, short, scaly spurs, (as they
are called by gardeners,) of a middling size, and fragrant, when they
first expand pure white, but soon becoming yellow.—Calyx smooth;
tube cylindric; segments of the border generally five, sub-lanceolate,
acuminate, permanent.—Coro/, out side sericeous. Tube rather
shorter than the calyx, shut about the middle with a valve of fine
white hairs pointing up, Border of five, obovate segments.— Filaments
scarcely any. Anthers linear, spreading.—Germ turbinate, two-celled,
ovula numerous, attached to a far-projecting receptacle from the cen-
tre of each side of the partition. Style rather longer than the tube
of the corol, swelled toward the middle. Stigma oblong, two-lobed.
Berries broad, ovate-cordate, polished, size of a prune, crowned with
the remaining tube of the calyx ; two-celled. — Seeds numerous, Sue
&c. as in the other species.

9. P. Ath Wall.

Shrubby, with supra-axillary, straight, jointed spines, Branches
and calyces villous, Leaves ovate, short-petioled, smooth, ‘ Flowers
iernate, axillary and terminal. Tube long and slender. Berries:
pubescent. i

~Lhave found this in various forests both in the valley of Nipal and

on the surrounding mountains. | have alse had it To Noakote.
It blossoms i in April; the fruit ripens mi June.

A strong, sigid, branchy sluls, about six feet high. Branches

Posoqueria. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 574

smooth, nearly round, covered with grey bark. Branchlets slender,
four-sided, pubescent, armed with opposite, straight, half inch long,
supra-axillary spines, each having au annular joint, rarely two, above
the middle, the lower half pubescent, the upper smooth, shining, and
brown. Leaves in approximate pairs, sub-decussate, spreading,
ovate, Cuspidato-acute, entire, rounded at the base, two inches long,
smooth and shining above, with a few short hairs along the nerves
underneath. Petiol shost, villous. Stzpules lanceolate, cuspidato-
acuminate, villous, nearly as long as the petiols, deciduous.— Flowers

ternate, axillary or terminal on the young branchlets, fragrant, white.
Each fascicle supported on a short, villous pedicel, as are also the
single lowers.— Calyx sub-campanulate, densely villous, five-toothed,
supported by two small, ovate bractes ; teeth linear-lanceolate, acu-
minate.— Corolla smooth on the outside. Tube slender, two inches
Jong, villous and silky within; /actnt@ lanceolate, acute, most spread«
ing, nearly half as long as the tube, finely veined. Throat slightly
pubescent, Awthers sub-sessile, half exserted.—Ovary villous,
ovate, two-celled, many-seeded ; ovula attached to a septal placenta,
—Stigma lifted above the throat of the corolla, thick and fleshy,
clavate.— Lerry purple, round, pubescent, about three lines in dia-
meter, two-celled, many-seeded.

Obs. ‘This species comes exceedingly near to Roxburgh’s P. fas-
ciculata, but differs in the villosity of its branchlets and berries. It

is Mot uplikely that it may be only a variety of that species.—N. W..

END OF VOLUME SECOND.

4
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Page

CORRECTIONS AND ADDITIONS.

—-

ee > fo r
7, add to Note. Ihave found it common on fields and in
gardens, i the vailey of Nipal, blossoming during

the cold aad hot season,
34, line 15, add (after L. auriculata, Jack.) Mal. Miscell. 2.
- 21, add | have found it with ripe fruit at Singapore,
on Alligator-island, and other neighbouring 1s ands,

—N, W. . a 4 >
39, 8, for cariose read scariose,
42, 8, add | have likewise found it on Chundragig

and Cheesapanee, flowering from November to Fe-
bruary.—On_ Shivapoor it blossoms much later.

50, Convoly. blandus. Add the following. Note. It was
brought to me from Noakote in- Nipal, where it
grows abundantly, and flowers in the month of
April.—All the tender parts are covered with glau-
cous pubescence.—N, W. OF ta ie

50, C. laurifolius.—Note, This is Cony. ellipticus, of Dr.
Heyne’s collection. J, elliptica, Syst. Veg. iv. 248,

54, line 8, capitatas read capitatus.

56, 1st line of the first Note for Rot. read Bot..

57, ult. for Exo. read Edw.

64, line 9, add, My fiiend Mr. Royle, the zealous super-
intendent of the botanic garden at Saharunpeer,

informs me, that the plant is common in that direc
Uuao

574 : CORRECTIONS AND ADDITIONS.

tion and that the natives use the seed, as a purgative,
under the name of Lal-duna. }
Page 65, 1st line of 2nd Note read confounded.
—— 69, line 20, for Stigma read Segments.
e— 70, Note. Add—At Sillict it grows in fields, blastn dure
ing the rains.
=— 75, line 12, Lettsomia, R. Note by N. W. This mustnot be
confounded with the polvandrous genus bearing that
name which has been recorded in the Flora Peruviae
nda.
s—= 680, first Note. Add—This powerful climber is common ia
the Saul forest which skirts the northern fronuer of
Hindoosthan, where I found it loaded with ripe cap-
sules in the month of December. The natives of the
Turraye call it Chemedee.
=—— 113, add between Ist and Qnd line, Additional species by
N. W. | :
-— 124, after N. ovalifolia add R.
=— 127, line 16, Amboine, dele e.
—— 139, —— 68, for pistilum read pistillum,
-—- 10, add R. corymbosa, Jack in Mal. Miseell. vol. ite
+—— 156, —— 21, for shew read exhibit.
penult. read as well as. ‘
ult. read as that of,
~— 160, —— 18, for on read in.
—— 21, for bark read base.
=== 165, 21, Add P. malayana, Jack in Mal. Miscell.
—— 167, ult. for long, accuminate read long-accuminate.
—— 174, line 17, for Leaves-oblong cordate, read Leaves oblong.
cordate,
—— 22, for 195 read 185.
w—— 185, —— 3, He did me the honor to call the genus Wallichia,
in his Mss.

CORRECTIONS AND ADDITIONS, » 78

Page 189, line 28, for laciniae read lacinia.
193,
— 196, —— 7, fori. Spec. read Spec. i.

—— 217, --— 5, from bottom, for berries read Berries.

—— 230, second Note, commence with Bot. Mag. 2052.

e—— 267, S. bicirrhosa—Note, A species, which is very close’y

21, Ovuale read ovulum.

allied, if not identically the same, grows at Pinang.—
aN Wi:

e— 269, /ine 8.—Note. 1 have seen single flowers of this shrub
in the garden of my most valued friend the Rev. Dr.
Carey, at Serampore, in May 1823.—N. W.

-— 512, —— 12, for monophyllus read monoplhyllous,

-—— 320, Q, for “shrub rather sparingly,” read “shrub, I have

found rather sparingly,” &c.

——~ 329, —— 26, read large plumula, 1eaching a’most to the mid-
dle of the cotyledons ; its base, which constitutes the
radicie, is placed, &c.

=— 5490,-—— 6, from the bettoin insert after * Ca’cutta” who
found it, if lmistake not, in ravines on the Island of
Mauritius,

— 353, —— 9, alter respectadd * that of.”

—— 360, —— 18, add after Willd. “spec.”

p—— 305, —— 18, add, The platits which I brought down with me
from Nipal blossomed for the first time during the
rains of 1823,

=——- 369, —— 12, from the battom add. It has been introduced
by Mr. Reeves from China into the botanic garden,
at Calcutta, where it blossomed for the first time in
October 1823,

+—— 375, —— 5, read napalensis,

—— 381, -— 15, add, I have also had specimens from Silheg,

=—— 385, —— penult. for and read but.

=— 395, —— 4, from bottom, robusta.

Uund

bes CORRECTIONS AND ADDITIONS. |

Page 414, line 8, add, Uhave found this shrub, or one closely allie
ed to it, in Nipal.

—— 449, —— 10, from bottom, read,—“ somewhat erect afters

i wards, &c.” .

—— 8, for afterwards 7ead a little.

os

INDEX.

a St Bs pe SN
Page. Poa.
Achyranthes alternifolia 50) | Alyxia stellata 589
aquatica 497 | Amaranthoides indicum, nodi-
aspera 496 florum, &e. 505
diandra 504 — spicatum spergqule foliis 499
—— ferruginea 502 | Amaranthus humilis foliis op-
—— incana 495 positis, &c. 505
—— lanata 503 — spicatus zeylanicus,&e. 497
—— lappoeca 500 — vulgaris 508
—— Monsonie 499 | Ana-Chunda 254
~—-— nodiflora 505 | Anagallis arvenis 24
—— nuda 507 | Androsace cordifolia 17
—— orbiculata 507 incisa 16
Soaee. prostrata 501 lanuginosa 15
——— scandens 503 —— rotundifolia 14
——- sequax 506 —-— sarmentosa 14
———. sericea 502 | Arbor Lactaria 529
triandra 505 | Ardisia anceps 280
A rva 503 —-— colorata 271
Aglaia odorata 426 —-— complanata 280
? decandra 427 —--— crenata 276
—— ? polystachya 425 ——~— divergens 275
Altermanthera sessilis 505 | —— glandulosa 276
Alyxia coriacea 538 | —-—~ hymenandra 282
olaucescens 542 | ——~ lanceolata 273

~———~ lucida’ 540 | ——-lentiginosa . 232

873

Ardisia macrocafpa
paniculata

—— paueiflora
Ss pecunculosa
-—— sclanacea
—— tuberculata
—— villosa
umbellata

Argostemma pictum

rostratum
saimentosum

verticillatum

Auris conina femina
Bacobotrys argentea
dubia
-—— glabra

a= indica

macro phy lla

nemoralis
s—— tetrandra
ramentaceeé
Banducus latifolia
Begonioid’s Jila
Bela modagam
Belilla
Belutta-udeka-manjen
Belutta-itti canni
Bena patsja

Blitum fructescens
Borago indica

spinulosa

zeylanica
Brexia
Buglessum hiktoreum

INDEX.
Page.

277 | Biittuera asper&
270 herbacea
279 Jackiana
279 pilosa
263 | Cadamba jasminifiora
231 Cada-pilava
274 | Cadelari
273 | Calystegia hederacea
827 | Comalata
325 Campanula agrestis
324 aristata
325 —— cana
oo) —— carnos&
233 =— colorata
235 — dehiscens
233 fulgens
230 lancifolia
aoe pallida
232
533 — rare
931 sylvatica

og | Camuuium chinense
304 | Canthium angustifolium
147 didymum
227 ——- parviflorum
508 parvifolium
217 | Capsicum annuum

1 —.—= cerasiforme

ot —-—- frutescens
is =-—- ae

10 =--— minimum
312 =-— purpureum
746 | Carissa axillaris

Page.
283
S82
366
ost
521
196

497
94 -
94
97
93

101
102
101
96
99
96
160

100
97

| 425
169
171
170
170
260
261
261
260

261
259
§2¢

Qarissa Carandas
diffusa

Cassine discolor
—-— excelsa

Catsjopirt

Ceanothus asiatica

napalansis

triquetra

Cedrela Toona
Celastrus bivalvis

emarginata,
-—— glauca
—= lucida
-—— micrantha

——— monosperma

-——— montana

multiflora,
—— nutans
—— obtusifolia
——- opposita
—— paniculata,
—— pauciflora

—— rigida

robusta
= rufa
—— stylosa,

—— trigyna

—— verticillata

Celosia argentea

—— cernua

o— comosa

INDER.

Page.
623
$24
525
378
376
549
373
Bia
076

425
329
387
432
400
393
oot
oO7
Dogo
390
393
o98
388
400
396
avd
397
401
391
291
507
509
809

|
|

{

Celosia corymbosa

-——— cristata
—-— monsonia
--— nodiflora
—— polysperma
—— spinescens

+— baeécata

Centrostachys aquatica

Cerbera fruticoga
-—-— maculata

—— Manghas

—— Odallam

Chamaelaea trifolia, &e.
Chenopodium incanum, &c.

Cheru-chunda
Chironia ¢arinata

—— centaureoides

Chitraca

679

Page.
610
acs
499
608
S11
497
$11
407
a2
527
529
527
o80
504
253
284
233

2
vw

Chrysophyllum acuminatum 345

Cinchona excelsa
—— flaccida

—— gratissima

—— obovata

. —— thysiflora
Clove-scented creeper
Codonopsis purpurea

——— ?? thalictrifolia

—— viridis

Coffea angustifolia

—— arabica

—— pedunculata
= semieexserta

bengalensis

149
152
154
153
154

84
105
106
103
195
103
104
195
420

820

Coffea tetrandra

Coluppa

Convolvulus atropurpureus
_—— batatus
| DiC OLOF
ee bilobatus |
__— biuectariferus.
—— bkandus
~__— cuneatus
——— nervosus
—-— calycinus.
‘-— cespitosus.
-._— copticus
—_— digitatus
———- dentatus

ellipticus
_-— fastigiatus
—— flagelliformis.
—— foetidus

gangeticus
——- heptaphyilus.
—— hirsutus
_-— laurifolius.
_——- malabaricus.
__—. Malcolmi
——— maximus.
—— medium
=——— ovscurus-

pues paniculatus

parviflorus
en pedaius
—— pentagouus
_——— pesscapre

meee vilosus

INDEX.
Page.

403 | Convolvulus reniformis

505 —— repens
5A —— Rheedil
69 -— semidigynus
57 —— spherocephalus
"3 ——-~ stipulaceus
Aq -——— tridentatus.
50 —— turpethum
$1 _—.— vitifolius

Cordia acuminata
—— angustifolia
—— campanulata
—_—— erandis

latifolia

—— monoica
-—— muluccana
—— myxa

—— polygama,

retusa

<< serrata

—— tomentosa,
Cranzia

Crusta olle

Cumud

Cumuda

Cupt

Cynoglossum diffusum.

furcatum

marifolium -
.—— racemosum
Dalrymplea pomifera
Datura fastuosa
aaeeimetel a

—— stramonium

Page.

6T
68

Dentella repens
Desmocheta
Deeringia celosioides
—— tetragyna
Dysoda fasciculata
Ehretia aspera
—-— buxifolia
—— internodis
—— levis
—— macrop2ylla
—— serrata
+—-— setosa
—— tomentosa
—— umbellulata
—— uniflora
Eleodendrum indicum
—— glaucum
Embelia canescens
—-—- floribunda
—— nutans
—— ribes
—— robusta
—— vestita
—— villosa
Erycibe paniculata
ELvolvulus tridentus
Euonymus atropurpurea
dichotoma

echinata

—— fimbriata
—— frigida
—-- garcinifolia
—— glabra

INDEX. 581
Pise Page.
459 | Euonymus grandiflora 404
502 —— grossa 408
511 —— indica 409
512 japonica 495
268 —— tingens 406
842 —— vagans 412
843 | Eurycoma longifolia 807
343 Euthemis elegantissima 305
341 —— leucocarpa 303
343 —— minor 304
340 Fagroea auriculata 34
342 —— elliptica 32
342 —— fragrans 32
344 —— obovata 33
349 racemosa 35
433 | —-— volubilis 36
432 | Flos cardinalis 94
902 | Folium buccinatum 494
201 | Fotogi tsta, stmulacri, §:c. 515
290 Funis viminalis 413
dap —— uncaius angustifolius 126
287 Gaertnera Pangati 116
288 | Gardenia anisopliylla 56L
999 | -—— arborea 554
284 —-— calyculata 659
57 —— cumpanulata 556
40% —— carluata 560
410 —— costata o51
A10 — densa 559
408 —— dumetorum 564
409 —- — enneandra 652
403 —— florida 549
403 —— fragrans 567
—— gumumilera 555

582

Gardenia latifolia
——ucida.
——- montana

—— spinosa

—-— ftetrasperma

—-— tubifera

turgida
—— uliginosa

Gardnera angustifolia

—— ovata

Geniostoma acuminatum

Grossularia spinis vidua, §e, 374

Guettarda speciosa
Gouania napalensis

~—-— tilifolia

Gynepogon stellatum

Hamiltonia pilosa

—-—. suaveolens

Hiarpullia cupanioides

Hedera helix

Fleliconia buccinata
Heliotropium brevifolium

—_— coromandelianum

—— indicum

Es paniculatum

Flovenia dulcis

Hunmatu.

Hunteria corymbosa

Hymenopogon parasiticus

Hyoscyamus niger
Tilecebrum lanatum

—— sessile

Impatiens balsamina

-—-— bicornuta

Impatiens bracteata

—— calycina
—— cristata

—— grandis

heterophylla
-—— longicornu
——- mollis

--—— Nnatans

—— scabriuscula
—— scapiflora
—— sulcata

—— tripetala

—-~— umbellata

—— urticifolia

Enota-Inodien

Ipomoea bona-nox

—— cerulea
—-— ccerulescens
—-— candicans
—~~ grandiflora

—— mauritiana

multiflora

muricata
—— pes-tigridis
—— pileata

— — phoenicea
—— quamoclit
—— repens
—— salicifolia
—— sepiaria

—— zeylanica

Tresine javanica
Iso Kuroggt
Ttea fragrans

Page:
459
463
456
464
453
462
461.

_ 455
AGA.
464
458
453
464
457
242

91

ASS
405
420

Ttea macrophylla
umbellata

Jackia ornata
Jasminum hirsutum
Jatus

Kaka-toddali
Karinta-kali
Katou-tsjaka
Lal-dana

Lasianthera tetrandra

Lecananthus erubescens
0

Leea crispa
—— hirla
— — integrifolia
—— macrophylla
—w— robusta
--— sambucina
—— Staphylea
Leptodermis lanceolata
Lettsomina aggregata

argentea
~—— bona-nox
—— cuheata
—— cymosa
—-— nervosa
~——— ornata
—— pomacea
~—— Setosa
—— splendens
—— strigosa

—— uniflora

Leucopogon malayanus
Su pos J

Leycesteria formosa

Lithospermum viridiforum

ANBEX,

Page. |

419
419
B2L
621
346
379
161
121
O74
328
319
AGT

80
85
301
1382
4

Lobelia begonifolia

excelsa

—— nicotianifolia
—— pyramidalis
—— radicans
—— rosea
—-— trigona
—— zeylanica
Lonicera acuminata
—— diversifolia
—— glabrata
—— japonica
—— lanceolata
—— Leschenaultii
—— ligusirina
—— Periclymenum
—— quinquelocularis
Loranthus ampullaceus
—-— bicolor
—— bracteatus
~—-— clavatus
—-— coccineus
—— cordifolius
— cylindricus
—— elasticus
—— farinesus
—— ferrugineus
—— globosus
—— jncarnatus
—-— involucratu
—— ligustrinus
—— longiflorus

—— loniceroides

odoratus

mp wo wb bw ww
wo— = Ww ©
CO Ws cia Ss" Ss an

ts
ren

208
219
217
2S

215

584

Loranthus patulus
-——— pentapetalus
—— polystachius
—— pulverulentus
—— retusus
—— Scurrula
—— viridifiorus
=-— vestitus
—~ umbellatus

Lycium fetidum
—— indicum
—— japonicum

Lysimachia alternifolia
—— debilis
—— evalvis

_— lobelioides -

pyramid alis
Macrocnemum parviflorum
stipulaceum

Malum indicum

Manga domestica
—— fociida

Mangifera foetida
—— glauca

indica

oppositfolia
—— quadrifida
—— sylvatica
Menyanthes cristata
—— indica
Milnea edulis
Modira Caneram
Morinda angustifolia
bracteata

citrifolia

Page.

“INDEX.

214 | Morinda exserta

211 multiflorus
217 —— polyspermus
221 scandens

212
206
219

—- tetrandrus
a—- tinetorius

Musa coccinea

218 glauca
222 - napalensis
269 —— ornata
269 ——- sapientum
269 superba

26 | Mussaenda corymbosa

25 ~-— frondosa
27 - incana
ue macropbylia
28 | Mustela
ee Myosotis ovalifolia
144
387 Myrsine aurantiaca
A35 bifaria
441 capitellata
440 paehysandra
432 semisserrata
435 undulata
434 | Nalugu
440 | Nauclea cadamba
298 ~—— cordata
20 — cordifolia
= —— glabra
430
Aes —— macropays
201 —— ovalifolia
198 —— parvifolia

196 —— purpurea

Nauclea rotundifolia .
-—-— sessilifolia
—— tetrandra
—— undulata

Nedel- A mbel

Ne erja dichotoma

Nelen tsjunda

Neuropeltis racemosa

Nila-Barudcena

Nonatelia hispida

Novella nigra

Nymphea ceramica

Cdalam

Oldentlandia repens

Oiuosma bracteatum
—— Eimodi

Ophiorrhiza heterophylla

Mungos
—— rugosa
-—— tomentosa
ake villosa
Ophioxylon serpentinum
Pacderia erecta
—— fetida

Me CUnVia

teruata
Pal-modecca

Paronychia foliis ad genicula

confertis, §c
Paullinia asiaiica
Lerim toddalt
Pevetti
Philowerug
¢

INDEX.

Page.

"424 Phyteuma begonifolium
y24 | Physalis alkekengi
195 fiexuosa
417 —-~ minima

3] —— peruviana
444. | —— stramonifolia
9416 | Pittosporum Tobira

44 | Plumbago rosea
949) | zeylanica
187 | Polemonium ceruleum
236 | Pomum amoris

31 | Pongati
593 | Porana grandiflora
159 lahara

3 —— paniculata

W —-— racemosa
547 —— volubilis
Da Posoqueria dumetorum
ao —— fasciculata
AG —— floribunda
5AG —— fragrans
ee longiflora
519 ~—— longispina
517 —— nutans
513 —— rigida
520 —— uliginosa

63 Primula denticulata

——— nana
510 —-— petiolaris
379 —— prolifera
2547 ——— pusilla
340 —— reticulata
502 ——— rotundifolia

—— Stuarti

W wy

585

Page.
108
241
240
242
241
242
416

38
38
24.
246
116

20

ee

5eé

Psathura borbonica
Psilobium nutans

. tomentosum
Psychotria aden ophylla
. asiatica

—-— aurantiaca
—— connate

curviflora

—— denticulata
—— herbacea
—— malayana

—— Reevesii
a sphoerocarpa
oes stipulacea
_ —— truncata
Pullassarium
Randia polysperma

racemosa

a= stricta
Rava pu
‘Rauwolfia sumatrana
Reptans
Rbhamuus acuminata
—-— circumscissus
—— incanus
lucidus

—— nummalaria
virgatus
Ribes glaciale

ea ss grossularia

—— villosum
Ribesioides
Rondeletia astatica

*—— ophioxyloides

prtads
INDEX.

Page.

159 | Rondeletia cineréa
£99 coriacea

321 | a corymbosa
166 —— ——— feicyeyticah
169 —-— longifolia
165 —— paniculata
163 —— pendula

167 —-— scandens
166 —— spicata

161 —— tetrandra
O74 —-— tinctoria

168 | Rudbentia
164 | Sabia campanulata
161 —— lanceolata
164 —— parviflora
162 | Samudra-stjogam
539 | Scevola oppositifolia
145 —— taccada
344 | Schembra-vallé

145 | Scheru-bula
521 —— cadelart
543 | Schetti codiveli

69 | Schoepfia fragrans
874 | Schrebera albens
300 | Scopolia aculeata
350 | Sendera-clandi
353 | Serissa fetida
362 | Sideroxylon giandifolium
vol —-- tomentosum
613 | Solanum ethiopiciim
5138 —— auriculatum
014 —— callicarpoides
285 —— crassipetalum
533 —— decemdentatum

Pages
14i
142
574
135
138

133
- 140
ner
129
136
134
433
311
309
319
18
148
146
ANB
5O4
50L
38
183
432
374
51
268
348
349
250
245
25%
255
247

Solanum diffasum
farinosum
---— fructescens

—— hirsutum

—— incanum chinense

—— indicum
—— insanum
—— Jacquini
—~— longum

—— lycopersicum

—— lysimachioides

—— melongena
—— pubescens
—-— rubrum

—— spirale

——- stramonifolium

—— trilobatum
Sphenoclea zeylanica
Sphaerocarya edulis
Sphaerosacme
Sirychnos axillaris

bicirrhosa

—~~— colubrina
—— nuX-vomica
—-—- potatorum
Surenus
Syndesmis elegans
Tectova grandis
Tekha
Tilo-onapu
Lobria
Toddalia
Tournefortia argentea
Diichodesma

INDEX.

ts
ney
Ow

to
ra
Or

ho
=>)
a

to
co
—"

Triosteum himaluyanum

—— hirsutum

Trongum hortense

| Psiovana- Amel. Podi
| Tseria-belutta-adeka-manjen 508

Tsjeroca-citambel
Tsjuria-cranti
Tumba-codivilli

| Uncaria acida

—— cirrhiflora
—— Gambier
—-— lanosa
—— macrophylla
—-~ ovalifolia
~—— pedicellata
—— pilosa
—— sclerophylla
—— sessiliiructus
Urophyllum glabrum
—— villosum
Vallia- Pira-Pitica
Valli-itti canni

Vangueria spinosa

| Vareca heteroclita

lanceolata

—-— moluccana

Venana madagascariensis

Ventilago madraspatana
5

Vervascum thapsus
Vesicatoria
Vidi-marum
Viola apetala

—— canescens

—— ennueasperma_

587

Page.
180
180
248
530

50
94

Ll lL eT
“AO WD ao gp
Hos WS oS ra

ho
—
al

583

Viola glandulifera
—~— primulifolia
-—— reniformis
-_ sexpens

; unie sufiruticosa

WVitis barbata

bracteolata

—— cinnamomea
= indica

»—— elaberrima
—-— glandulesa
-— gracilis

—laiana

latifolia i

mollissima

—— parviflora

rubifolia
——— rugosa
—__— semicordata

Wallichia

W ebera auriculata
——+ corymbosa,

cee LE Osa

censiflora
—-— macrophylia

odorata

sine
—— oppositiioua

7
eo SCARGERS

INDEXs,

Page.
452

< bp b BS
Le & i i Oo CO 2
a © & WwW Co OD <i

ony

ioe)

SaaS Ww wh
a}
tO he &

oe
qe 2
S

fa
~~

se
i © ©
Hem ed

C= Or,
ee
a)

bo
eS
o

en @y- (x bt ON
es Wo)
i Ose she 3.

-o wo
QD &
we oO Ui

Webera tetrandra

—~— truncata

Willi-codivilt
Zeylanica
Ziziphus albens

—~— calophylla
—— caracutta
—_— elegans
—— elliptica
—— flavescens
——— fhlexwtosa
— — floribunda
—— glabra
—— hamosa
—-— mcurva
=-— Jujuba
—-—- latifolia

a lotus

—— microphylla

—— Napeca
—— nitida

—— oenoplia

—_— oppositifolia

=-— sativa
—— tomentosa
=> trinenvia
—— vulgaris

v

—-—- zylopyrus

pate,

ven

od WATTS
q

if

New York Botanical Garden Library

QK 349 .R679 v.2

Roxburgh, William/Flora Indica; or, D
OT
mm 6365

185 00059 7243

yar hii