c

RYDBERG, P. A.

FLORA OP THE BLACK HILLS OF SOUTH
DAKOTA,

Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. III.

Plate XVII.

Map of the Black Hills.

U. S. DEPARTMENT OE AGRICULTURE.

DHISIOX OF Ii(n'AN"\'

CONTKIBI-TTIONS

THE U. S. NATIONAL HERBARIUM,

Vol. Ill, No. 8.

ISSTTETl .TIT^NrT". 18, 1806.

FLORA OF THE BLACK HILLS OF SOUTH DAKOTA.

P. A. KVDBKRO.

WASHINGTON:

govkkn:\i];nt imjintin(^ ofkk^e.
1 8 0 ( ; .

^R9

IHTl-R OP TRAXSMITTAL

ii. s. l)epakt3ienr of agriculture,

Division of Botany,
Wdfihiiu/ton, D. C, Febmary 14, 1896.
Sir: I liave the honor to traustnit herewith, for publication as Con-
tributions from the United States National Herbarium, Volume III,
No. 8, a report entitled "Flora of the Black Hills of South Dakota,"
by Mr. I*. A. Kydberg. This report is based ui)on a botanical explo-
ration made in that region by Mr. Eydberg- in 189^, as a lield agent of
the Dei)artment of Agriculture.

liespectfully, Frederick Y. Coville,

Botcuiist.
Hon. J. Sterling Morton,

Sccrctari/ of Agriculture.

CONTEXTS.

Page.

Letter of trausniittal iii

Itinerary - 463

Geography 464

Geology 464

Altitinles 465

Precipitation and temperature , 466

Floral districts 469

Foothills and surrounding plains 469

Miuuekahta Plains 472

Harney ]\Iouutaiu Range 473

Limestone District 475

Northern Hills 476

(Jeneral remarks 478

Catalogue of species 479

ILLUSTRATIONS.

Facinj; pafje-

Pi.ATK XVII. Ma]) of the Khick Hills I

XVIII. Aquilegia brevistyla 481

XIX. Aquilegia saximoutana 482

XX. I'oa ](seudo])rateusis 532

V

FLORA OF THE BLAdv HILLS OF SOUTH DAKOTA.

By P. A. Kydbkkg.

ITINERARY.

On May 2«>, at noon. I left Lincoln by the Burlington and Missouri
River Kailroad to spend three months in the Black Hills of South
Dakota. A few days before, I had received a commission from the
Tnited States Department of Agriculture as an agent of the Divisiou
of Botany for the purpose of making- an investigation of the flora of the
Black Hills. Up to July 3, I was accomi)anied by Mr. A. E. Wagner,
a graduate student of the I^niversity of Nebraska. In the morning of
]\Iay 27 we arrived at Edgemont, where the railroad crosses the Chey-
enne Kiver. I availed myself of frequent opportunities to collect along
the railroad track. Arriving at Custer, which x)oint was taken as the
base of oi)erations, being about the center of the Hills, we remained
there until -lune 7, collecting in all directions from 4 to G miles from
town: but the number of plants in flower was not large. On July 7
we moved our camp to an artiticial body of water (Sylvan Lake) in the
mountains not far from Harneys Peak. On June 10 we returned to
Custer and took the tiain for Hot Springs, where we stayed, collecting,
till Jnne 21. Then taking the Fremont, 7'^lkhorn, and Missouri Valley
. Ifailroad we followed the eastern foothills u[) to Elk Kiver, stopping on
^ the way at the following places: Buftalo Gap, June 21 ; Hermosa, June
'" 22 to 24; Rapid City, Jnne 25 to 20; and Piedmont, June 27 to 29.

On the morning of June 2!> we bought tickets on the Black Hills and

v^ Fort Pierre Railroad to Runkels,but stepped off the train at Jones, mak-

^ ingour way up the remaiinng length of the famous Elk Canyon on foot.

We remained at Runkels throngh the next day, removing to Lead City

o the morning of July 1, at which point my camp remained till July !».

Mr. Wagner set out on his return to Lincoln July 3. From this base I

visited the region around Dead wood, July .">; Whitewood, July 7; and

Terrys Peak. July S. On the 9th of July. I took the Burlington ami

Missouri River Ifaiboad south, stopping at Rochford July 9 to 13, and

4G3

M

464

at Custer July 13 to August 1. From the latter iM)iiit I visited Oreville
on 'Inly 17; Sylvan Lake and Ilanieys Peak, Julj' 18 to 21: made a
drive ot" 22 miles down French Ci'eek July 22 and 2.'>. and one into the
Limestone District near the Wyoming line. .Inly 2") to 30. extending"
l)rol»al»ly 30 to 3."» miles northwest of Custer.

On Anjiiist 1. I moved my camp to Minnekahta, visiting:- I'rinyle on
tbeOth. I then joined a ])arty of naturalists from the University of
Xebraska. in whose company I remained for the rest of the season. We
cami>ed at Hot Sprin<is till August 11. when we moved to Custer.
From this jwiut, after visitiug the Harney s I'lak region on August 17
to IS. we returned to Lincoln on August 22.

c^E(»(;iJAiMn .

The Black Hills are on the boundary line between South Dakota and
Wyoming, the larger part lying within the former State. The center
is a little east of the intersection of the forty-fourth parallel and one
hundred and fourth meridian. The Black Hills constitute an isolated
range about 120 miles long north-northwest and south southeast, and
40 to 50 miles wide east and west. A little northwest of the Black
Hills and separated from them only by the narrow valley of the Belle
F()nrche, is another much smaller spur, the Little Missouri ^Mountains,
evidently belonging- to the same range. The nearest mountains excei)t
those mentioned are the Big Horu ^Mountains to the west and the Lar-
amie Mountains to the southwest. These are at a distance of l.~»0 to
200 miles and se])arated from the Black Hills, the former by the valleys
of the Little Missouri and Powder rivers, the latter bj' those of the
Cheyenne and ll^orth Platte. There are no mountains to the north,
east, or south.

Not only are the Black Hills an isolated range, but the surrounding
high table-laud is deeply cut on all sides by the branches of the Chey-
enne l{i\er. The head of luyankara Creek is due west of the center of
the Hills. The creek runs in a northwesterly direction till it empties
into the Belle Fourche. This runs northeast and then southeast, empty-
ing into Cheyenne River. The bend is north of the range. Not far
from the head of the luyankara are the springs of Beaver Creek, a
stream which Hows south into Cheyenne River. The latter runs south
of the Hills, then changes its course to northeast till it joins the lielle
Fourche. and tinally empties into the Missouri Kiver.

(n;(>t,(>(;v.

In order to compare the geological and Moral districts of the Black
Hills I give a sumnuiry of the geology of the region derived from the
i'ep(»rt by Henry Newton on the Ceology and Besources of the Llack
Hills of Dakota.'

lU. s. (Jhj.it. iiii.i (J.-i.l siirv..\ Ml til.- K'l.i ky Mountain Region, 1880.

465

Mr. Newton gives a synopsis of the stiiita of the lUack Hills, of which
the following is a short abstract:

Ages.

Feet.

strata.

Cenozoie :

200
900

Clays imd con-iloiiierates.
Clays and shales: sauiislDiie.

Cretaceous.

Jura 2i)0 Clavs iiinl mails, with smne liiiiestoin-.

Red Bed.s 340 Ked day.

Carljouit'erous 690 Sandstinies ami limestones.

Paleozoic :

Silurian (Potsdam) 250 Silicious sandstoues atid loiigloinerates.

Archiean ( .') ; ' Slates and schists, with iutfiisive granite.

Of these the Mesozoic and Paleozoic strata are resting conformably
upon each other, the Cenozoic and Arcluean are not. The Black Hills
have been formed by the uprising of the Arcluean rocks, which lifted
up and broke through the overlying strata. That this uprising must
have taken place after the Cretaceous and before the Miocene forma-
tions can be seen from the fact that the strata of the latter do not con-
form with those t)f the former.

The Black Hills have received their present form bj' erosion. The
softer rocks have worn away faster, leaving the harder standing out as
ridges or crags. As the center is raised, the dij) of the strata is out-
ward and the outcroppings form concentri(; ovals. The Jurassic clays
and marls, the clays of the Red Beds and the slates and schists of the
Arcluean formation are comi)aratively soft, while the Cretaceous sand-
stone and the granite spurs of Arcluean formation are hard. The
Miocene formation belongs to the surrounding plains and does not
enter the Hills anywhere.

The outcrop of the Cretaceous sandstone forms the foothills, and that
of the Jura formation and the lied Beds makes the so-called " Race
Track," a more or less continuous valley between the foothills and the
hills proper. The Race Track is mnch broader on the south side and
forms the larger part of the " Miimekahta Plains." On the east side
t4ie Carboniferous limestone belt forms a series of hills, and on the west
side, where the strata are nearly horizontal, a broad plateau, the "Lime-
stone District." As the slates and schist are comparatively soft, the
center of the Black Hills is lower, except where the granite or igneous
rocks come to the surface and form the highest peaks in the range.

Ai/rniDEs.

The plains at the base of the Black Hills have an altitude ol" about
1,000 meters. The highest point is the to}) of Harney s Peak, one of
the series of granite crags at about the center of the Hills. Its iilti-
tnde is given dirtereiitly. The most reliable measurements are without
doubt those given by the United States Geological Survey, one of
which makes it 7,308 feet, the otlier 7,440 feet, or, respectively, 2,245

4f;G

and I'.liiiT nietrrs. Tlie peoj)!*- in tiie neighborhood insist upon callinj;"
it 8,01)0 feet. Next in height comes ( h'ooks T(nver, the liighest point
on tlie Limestone PUiteau on the west side, with the altitude of 7,;5l'."»
feet, or 2,l'32 meters. The altitude of Terrys Peak, one of the igneous
cones in the Xortheni Hills, is 7.L'15 feet, or li,2;)0 meters, and Ousters
Peak, another igneous cone in that neighborhood, is slightly lower.
The general height of the lllack Hills is between 1,000 and 2,000
meters.

I'lIKCin lATION AND TE:\irKi; ATT IJE.

The i>recipitation of tlie iJiack Hills is very large comitared wirli
that of the surrounding country. There are no records of the annual
rainfall in that part in which, judging from tlie nature of the flora and
the luxuriant growth of the vegetation, the precipitation must be the
largest, viz, in the Uarney IMountain Eange. In fact, there aie no
records from any ]»lace in the higher ])art of the Black Hills,

TnJile-slioiiiii;/ llir tiv(r<(<ie monllihi <iud ttntiiial jirvciintalloii at the U'callnr Ihireuii -stiitioiia
in ilic lilack Hilln. ciniijiarvd irilli that of four stations on the pJaiim and three ulationx
uitliin the li'ocky Aloiintain reijion.

! Ai.i- I ! : ' i

tiulcin; Year. Jan. FeJ). JTar. Aiir. May .Time .Inly j Aiij;- ^'"P
, iiietiTS.l " '

Deailwoort. S. Dak

SpearHsli. S. Dak

Ilapid City, S. Dak . . .

Fort :Meailp. S. Dak . .
Fort Uobiu.soii, Xebr . .

Snlufv, Xebr

Fort Fetternian, Wyo.
Fort K»-o;j:1i, Alont

n<I«na. Mont

Geor;:i'ti>wn, Coin

Culorailo Springs, Culo

M.4U
1, UO

2 1 , 057
1,150

1,248

1,512
721

2, :,K(i

1,821

187&-«7

1889-91

^ 1881-84

I 1888-91

1879-91

1883-91

<; 1872-80

\ 18S0-!)1

18(;8-82

1881-9(1

<i !8ti6-0y

I 1880-87

1880-90

1871-90

1.25
1.22

;.«

.73

.50

^52

.46
.72

^1.73

.42
.20

1.99
1.22

.83 1.16

1.07
1.24

.47

.93

.67
.53

1.19
.46

.63

.70

.39
.26

.74
.46 1

5.17
2.07

4. 65
3.06

3.73
5.18

2.03

4.30

3.91

2.38
1.05

4.02
2.93

3.22
2.01

1.U7

2.83

1.08

1.G8

.81

2.51
2.10

1.26
2.75

1.57

1.50

2.47

1.29
1.72

1.75
2.26

.78
1.09

2.84
2.86

2.23
1.44

2.14

i.:.y

2.40
2.04

1.96
1.94

2.55

2.06

1. .59

.83

.90
1.19

.97

.74

2. 08
3.45

1.7J
2.14

1.06

.80

.74

.50
.53

1.33

1.11
.79

1.37

Doadwooil, S. D.ik

SpearHsli. S. Dak

Kajiid City, S. Dak

Fort ilfaelo, S. Dak

Fort KobinHon, Nc-br

Snlnoy, Nebr

Fort Felteniian, Wyo...
Fort Kuoj^b, Moul. ."

H'-lcna, Mont

Georj:»-town, Colo

Colorado .Springs, Culo..

Alti-
tude in
met«rs.

Tear.

'1.411
1, 140

M,057
1,150

1.2t8

1.512
721

' 1, 399

2.580
1.821

1878-87

1889-91

^•1881-84

) 1888-91

1879-91

1883-91

(, 1872-80

I 1886-91

1868-82

1881-90

( 1800-69

I 1880-87

1886-90

1871-90

Oct.

1..58
1.44

(.51

.08
1.50

I 7
S

1.00
.72

'l.l3

.89
.56

78

Xov.

1.26
.53

Dec.

1.51
1.14

.46

.71

.24
.86

An-
nual.

Greatest dur- Least during'
ing any year. \ any year.

Year. ; Inches. Year. Inches.

14.]
11.:

1882
1891

1888

1883
1887

1871
1891

33. 83
20. 32

22.75

27. 05
25.25

26. 92

17.86
14.18

1.17 ' 1.17 1.5.95 1800 22.14

.78
.37

1891
1872

16.42
18.56

1880
1890

1885
1886

1890

1876
1883

1882

1890
1888

19. 20

20. 73

14.02

13. 25
11.08

9. 45
9.07

11. 72
9. VI

' Tlic allitndcN of Dead wood and Helena are tlio.se of the si';nal .station.-* at those places. For the
other |daceH the altitudes of the railroad tracks at the stations are given.
' The alliliide jjiven fur Fort Meade is that of Stiirgis. the nearest point whose altitutle is ac«'es9ible.

The above table, which is an abstract from the records «)f the United
States Weather Hureaii, sliows tlie average miuithly and annual pre-

467

ci])itatioii, giveu in inches, for four i)1cUh\s in tlu' re.i»ion. Of these,
Kapid City and Fort 3Ieade are just outside tlie foothills, ISpeartish in a
canyon in the first range, and only Dead wood within the Hills i)roper;
but the last is neither at a very great altitude nor even near the part
that has the greatest piecipitation. Tlie table shows an increase of
about 2 inches in the average annual ])re(ii»itation for every 100 meters
in altitude. If the i)recipitati()n of tlie higher i)arts of the Black Hills
should be calculated on that basis, which would obviously be incorrect
since many other meteorological conditions must be taken into consid-
eration, the annual rain and snow fall around Custer would be about 32
inches and that of the Harney 31<mntains about 40 inches or more, and
still I do not think these figures are overestimated. The signs are
unmistakable that the precii)itation of the region around Harneys Peak
is much larger than that at Deadwood. The more luxuriant growth of
the vegetation, notwithstanding the higher altitude, the great abun-
dance of plants that need a humid climate, as for instance ferns, mosses,
liverworts, and lichens, aud the innumerable streams that originate
there, show that the i)recii>itation of the southern Hills must be greater
than that of the northern.

For comparison I have included in the table the precipitation of four
stations .situated on the table-land between the Black Hills and the
liockies, and also of three stations within the liocky IMountain region.
It can be seen at a glance that the ccmparison is favorable to the Black
1 1 ills. It would be naturally anticipated that the precipitation would be
greater here than on the nearly treeless X)lains, but that it should be so
much greater than in the places cited iu the Eockies is more unexpected.
It is intimated that the rains from the Gulf of ^Mexico do not reach the
Kocky ^lountains, and that the rains in tliat region come from the west.
A i>lace situated on the east side of the mountain, as is the case with the
three stations given, would receive ver^^ little rain, as the moisture
would be combed out by the mountains.

Whatever the cause, the precipitation of the Black Hills is greater
than that of certain places in the Kockies, as can also be seen from the
table. The situation of Colorado Springs is similar to that of Kapid City
or Fort ^leadc, and that of ( Jeorgetown or Helena, can be compared witli
that of Deadwood, Even on the top of Bikes Peak, which takes away
tiie rain from Colorado Springs, the precipitation is not greater tiian
that of Deadwood, and T am suie that it would stand low in compaiison
with that of the Harney Mountains, if any records had been made at
the latter place.

468

Talilc xhowiufj the average tnonthhj inaximnm. mean, and m'niimnni tctnj>iratu res at the
Heather linrean stations in the Jllack Hills and the mean ttniperalnre at four .ttaiions
on the siitrnnndinij 2>lains.

Year.

Tempera-
tun-.

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. Jnne.l July.! Aug. Sept

Dt-ailwiiod. S. Dak.
(altitude, 1.411
iiu'tersi.

RapiilCitv S. Dak.
(altitude, 973 iiie-
tt-rs).

Fort Mead.-. S Dak.
(altitude DlStur-
t;is, 1.(1.")" uifters).

Fort It oliiii SOD.
Xelir. (altitude,
l.l.'id lueters).

Sidney. Nebr. (alti-
tude, l.'J-kS lue-
tersi.

Fort Fetteriuan,
Wyo. 'altitude,
].5i2 lueters).

J'ort KeojErli. Mont,
(altitude 7".'l me-
ters).

) {Maxiniuni .. 5- 57

Sl87K-)^7 JMean 21 S-i

) (Miuiuiuiii.. . — 17 — 16

iiQQi 09 iMaxiunini.. 57 CO

(1888-91 >V!^^" fa -w

) fMiiiiinuin.. .| —18 — 2.J

) tMaxiiuuui ..' 53 I 02

^1879-91 'Mean ; 18 21

) rMiuiniuui... — 22 —25

'-1883-91 Mean 21 , 24

IS? :^I-='" • 211 26

I !

(1868-82 f^. „ ; ^

I 1890-92 s •"^•'" "* I ^

[ 1878-92 Mean U 10

64
32
3
69
33

2

68
31

-6

34

32

32

r,o

27

84

53

27

85

54 I

27

57 ;

43

53

06

43

55

07

47

56

67

91
05
44
99
71
40
98
71
45

73

91
65
41

100
71
45

100
70
41

74 i 70
74 ' 72

I niaximuni
west
niininiuni. !

Arer- Great-

age est
raisge. range.

Deaihvood, S. Dak. ,) i.Maxinii

(altitude.1,411 1^1878-87 jMeau-.

uietersi. J (Minimi

RajiidCitv, S. Dak. ) ,ao, gn iMaxii

(altitude. 97:! me- >lSaio, 'Mean

ters). ^18«8-.tl ^,^,j|j

Fort.Meade.S.Dak. )

(altitude of ."-"tur- i [.187'.MJ1

gi.s. 10.i7 meters). )

Fort Ko I) i n son, ' )

Nel.r. (altitfde, [■ ISS.Vitl

l.mu meters). |)

Sidney, Xel»r.(alti- ) ,a-.,_Qft

tude, 1.248 uie- / aorxV

Fort Feltprnian,
Wyo. (altituile,
1, .">12 meters).

Foi t Keoyli, Mont,
(altitude-. 721 me-
ters) .

1S68-82
(| 18!Hi-92

iMaxinium
\\Iean

'Mean

l.><7.><-92 Mean..

From tlic ;u-c-oiiii>aiiyiiiii table, also an alt.stract from tlie AVcalher
liiircau records, but with tlic Iractions omitt«*<l. it can be seen tliat the
average temperature of the stations at the base is about the same as
that f>f the surrouiMliii.i; jjlains. At Deadwood it is a few dej^rees lower,
a decrease of about 1 tle^ree fi»r each 100 meters increase of altitude,
and very likely in th«' higher liills tlie a\(Ma.i:e temperature is mueb
lower. Tiie maximum heat is reached in August, the average being
HKP F. in the Ibothilis and UP V. at Deadwood, but sometimes reach-
ing higher, as seen in the table. The minimnm is reached in Febrnaiy
or January, being —2.") and — L'3 degrees in the foothills, but only —17
degrees at l)e;nhvood, jnobably on acc<»unt of the more ])roteeted local-
itv. 'I'he average ditleieiiee Ix'tween tlie maximum and niiniinum in a

4(59

year or tlie ranjie of variation is given in the tables; so also tlie dift'er-
enee between the highest niaximnni and the lowest niinimnni reached
during the whole period of observation.

FLOHAL DISTRICTS.

Relatively to the diiierences in topographical and clinnitie conditions
and in vegetation, tlie Black Hills may be divided into tive districts:
Footliills, Minnekahta I'lains, Harney Mountain llange, Limestone
District, Northern Hills.

These districts do not coincide with the outcroppings of the different
geological formations. They receive, however, their most prominent
physical features frcnn that formation which is best represented within
the region, as foi- instance, the IMinnekahta IMains from the Ked Beds,
the Limest(nie District from the Limestone Plateau, the Harney Kange
from the granite crags.

KOOTllILLS 1 AND SCRIK >UM>I NU PLAINS.

The foothills are capped by the comparatively hard cretaceous sand-
stone. The plains outside the foothills are mostly covered by the
overlying- Pliocene conglomerates and clays. In the canyons, along the
water courses, and in other depressions the underlying thin Jurassic
strata of clays and marls and the lied Beds are exposed. Although
the foothills constitute the outcropping of an older formation their
tiora is essentially the same as that of the surrounding table-lands,
which extend as valleys far in among the hills. The tiora depends
more ou meteorological conditions than on the geological formation.
As shown above, the annual rainfall at Rapid City, which is among the
foothills, is much less than that of the Black Llills i)roper. In fact
the conditions are much the same as in western Nebraska and eastern
Wyoming. It is a dry region, with most of the rain falling in the
spring, and a season of drought in July and August. A majority of the
plants peculiar to the high, dry plains of Nebraska, Wyoming, and
neighboring States were also found here. Most of these plants are
endowed with characters that in one way or another reduce the evapora-
tion to a minimum. These characteristic i)lants nmy be divided into
the following grou])s:

(1) Very hairy plants, in many cases covered with a thick pannose
pubescence. Such are:

Krioffoninii Jlaniin. >Senecio cainis.

Erioiioninn unnuiim. Senecio plattenaiH.

IJiio'joinan luiilticepx. Evolnilits VKllollianns.

Erioijonitm pancijlorum. Filaijo prolifcra.

AstriKjalns f/ilvijlorits. Spies'tu lamberili ni-rkea.

Kurolia lanala. Arieiiiisia frigida,
Plantago pnrshii.

'The westtTn foothills are in Wyoming. The work wan conliiied to Soulh Dakota,
and hence this includes only the eastern foothills.

470

(2) Plants with a gliincous foliage having a hnid ei)i<leriiiis:

Agropyron repens gluucnm. litimex renosii:',.

Ehtmits canadeiifiis (ihiitcifolius. Adoriiim leuuifolium.

Yiivca glaiica. Argemove alha.

Zijgiidenus renenosuH, Viohi niiHaUii.

(3) Plants with white, often shreddy, stems:

(Knothera pallida . Menizelia iiuda.

(Knothera nlbicaulix. MeniziVta oligonpenna.

Menizelia decapetala.

(4) Plants in which the surface is reduced to a inininuim, either by a
sjiecial habit, as in the species of Opuntia and Cactus, or hj the leaves
being narrow and involute, as in the following:

CalamorilJ'a hmgifolin. Curij Jilifulia.

Ljigodcsmia jitvccn. Carrs xlenophi/lln.

(5) Phuits with a deep-seated, enlarged root:

Ipoiiiaa leptophyJla. I'suralni emulenla.

Many of the plants belonging to the Dry i)lain tlora, and sui)posed to
be of more southern or western range, extend into the foothills. Among
these may be iiiciitioiuMl :

Jdclinoiiia trachiinjicniKi. I'xoraleK ritujiidala.

Axtragalns pUiilvnxis. Ador'inm tdiiiifoliinn.

Astragalus raceuioxiii. I'eiicidanum rillosuni.

Axliagaliix sjiatiilatim. Erigcnin catmn.

Astragal itx gracilis. Erigvron flagellaris.

Astragalus niicrolobiis. Crotuii tcxetisis.

Chenopodiiiin frvmonti incainim. Sedum stenopeialnm.

Ill many places in western Nebraska and South Dakota and eastern
Wyoming there are no visible streams. Tlie supertluous water is
dr;iiiicd olf by means of '-sand draws." A sand draw is a subterranean
stream. On the surface is seen only a broader or narrower band of
pure saml, marknig the channel. The water may sometimes be lun-
ning 5 meters below the surface. Sand draws are found here or there
among the foothills, but their place is mainly taken by the numerous
streams runnnig down from the hills. Many of these streams sink,
however, and become sand draws before they reacli ('heyenne IJiver.
Many plants eitiier fiom the lUack Hills ])roper or IVom tlu' .Missouri
Valley have spread along the watercourses. Aniong tli(»s«' wliicli ha\e
ascended the streams may V)e mentioned :'

Hatninvuliis macoiniii. I'cntHivmon grandijloriin.

Itiiripa iiaxturiium. I'mnella ntlgaris,

(KnollKra siiiiiala. I'olygotiuin lapathifoiuim.

'At the State UniviTsity of Nebraska tlun- is a root preserved wliicli, ia its dry
et.ite, is tliree-foiirths of a meter loim an«l l>..'( deciuieters in fliaint'ter.

• Pl.iiits r.aujjiiif; across tin; coiitiiii'iit or fouiiil as well iu the Mississii)pi \'alley as
in tiio liockv Mountains are niostlv omitted.

471

Besides these most of the woody vegetation of the region, as:

litis val2)itia, frost grape. r<irthenorixniiiiqi(in(iiiefolia,yii^hua,

Fopulus deltoides, cottouwood. creeper.

I'lmiis aiiiericaiia, ohii. Acer vegundo, l)ox elder.

Prunns rirg'uiiaiia, chokecheriy. Primus americana, plum.

Fraxinits petnisj/lranica hinceolata, f-yaxinus 2><-'>insyJi'anica, red ash.

greeu :isli. Salix cordaia, willow.

(^Kerens macrocarpa. bui' oak. Posa woodnii, rose.

Salix Jlnriatilis, willow. Ci'Uis occidcntalis, haekberry.

Ostnjd virgiiiiami, irouwood. Celastrns Kccuidens, woody bitter-
('ratagus macnintha, hawthorn. sweet.

The last two in eaeli eoluuin are local, having been observed only at
one station each, viz, at lvai)id (Mty, Hot Springs, Herniosa, and Pied-
mont, respectively. The foHowing have <lescended from the Black Hills
proper.

Orowiug in canyons:

PopHlusiremiiloides,<{\vA\i\niX,iis\'>f\\. Sulix hehhiaua. willow.

Cornus haileyi, dogwood. PopuJus angiittiifolia. black cottou-

Bcrheris aquifoUinn, Oregon graj)!'. wood.

On the hills:

Pivux patiderosd scoptilornin, Kocky Mountain yellow pine.

The following woody i^lants may be regarded as belonging to the
region itself, that is, to the flora of the high ])lains and foothills:

Jiiiiiperiia rirginiaiia, red cedar. Pihes cereiim, s(iuaw currant.

Primus deminsii, western choke- Pibes aureum, buffalo currant.

cherry. It'oxii arkfuisaiia, prairie rose.
Phiis trilohala, skunk Ijrush.

As objects of i)eculiar interest seen in this region may be mentioned
a shrul) of skunk brnsh, which had stems 3 meters liigli and one deci-
meter in diameter, a cottonwood that measured over 0.5 meters in cir-
cnmference, l.o meters above giound, and had a branch below that
height nearly _! meters around, and another cottouwood on which all
the leaves had a cuneate base. Popnivs acinninala was also redis-
covered near Hot Springs.

l^ifferently from the Black Hills ]»roper the footliills are not co\ered
by forest. Some of tliem are crowned by scattered i)incs mixed with a
few cedars. The hills as well as the valleys are generally covered Avith
gras.s. The i)rin<;ii)al grasses ai'e:

lioiitflona oligoilucln/a. JiuUiiiiH darti/loidcx.

liinitelonn hirsutn. Carex filifoliu.

Koleria rristalK. Aiuhopof/ou xcoiiariux.
Calamorilfu linu/ij'nlia .

With the exception of the last in ea(;h column the.y furnish good
winter as well as summer pasture^. The (tattle and horses generally
''range" the year around, and are often not given any hay except dur-
ing snowstorms or other bad weather. The first four jtlants mentioned
become self-cured during the dry season and are as good as hay. On

472

accomit of the small raiiitall and tlu' season of droiijiht, farming, as a
rule, is not payiii;^" ami the settlers liave been forced to rely on stock
raisin^-. Tlie little lia\' needed is cut alonu' tlie streams. The principal
hay tirasses are:

I'liii'uHin riryaliiiii. .htdrojioijuii iirnriiicialii.

Aijropijrtim rejienn <ilainnm. Phalarla nriindinavra.

J-'lifiniis lanadi'iisii. Calainanroslis caiiadeiinis.

EhimiiH rirtjiiiicHH. Calamaiirvulin iwiilecta.

J'oa iicmoralix. I'liii'icnlnrid iicrrata.

At Hot Sprinjis a new Poa was lound. described in tliis report under
the name of Poa jtsttidoprafeKsis. and here also Snra.stan<( odorata
occurred.

MINNKIvAir 1 A I'l.MNS.

Tlie Minnekahta Plains are not jdains such as we lind in central
Nebraska, but a hij;]i, rollin«i' table-laiid. between the foothills to the
south and the Harney IJanui' to the north. (Jeologically they are made
ni» of two formations. The southern jiart isan exi>ausion of the so-called
•'Race Track'" pnxhiced by the outcroi»pin>;' of the Ked r>eds, which is
here wider than in any other part of the Hills.' As the vegetation
uowheie fully covers the ground the whole landscape receives a pecul-
iar reddish color. In tlie northern part the undeilying carboniferous
limestone comes to the surface. As the strata are lying comparatively
undisturbed in their natural relation, the surface is less rugged than in
other parts of the Black Hills, and there is here little ditlerence in
surfiu'e condition between the limestone formation and the lied Beds
s<»uth of it, except in the color of the soil.

The Minnekahta Plains are crossed by the Burlington and ^lissouri
Iviver Kailroad from a few miles .south of the Minnekahta station to
Pringle, where the road enters the mountain range. The plains are
covered with grass and are mostly used as pastures, but part is under
cultivation. The region .seems to sutler somewhat from drought. I
collected there in August, but found very little of interest. Woody
l)lants were scarce. On the hills grew some i)ines, dwarf sumacs or
skunl< brush, and san<l cherries; in the draws some box elders, cotton-
woods, gooseberries, and plums. xVniong herbs of interest there oc-
curred two stragglers from the South, viz: Aschpios rrrfidllatti pitiiiihi,
and Acentlrs <tiiriciiliiti(, and the following were abundant on the rail-
road end>anknient :

.lmiiiuiitliii--< hyiliiiili ". Solaiiiim trijloriim.

Svtar'm liridix. Siipoiiaria vaccaria.

Besi«le the common upland grasses, a few of special interest were
collected, vi/ : Poa /rit<llrri((naj Sporohohis lictimlepis, Danthonia spi-
catu. The first is of a more western range and the others are from the
East. All three were found in the neighborhoo«l of Pringle. Other-
wise the tlora was luuch the same as in the footliills.

'On till' fast siih' it is nurrow and its tioia dot-s not (Utl'er from that of the foothills.

473

IIAIiXEY MOL'NTAIX KANGE.

The ouly really mountainous iiart of the Black Hills is between Priugie
and Hill City, on the Burlington and Missouri River Railroad. Espe-
cially is the Harney Range, between Custer aud the latter place, of a
truly mountainous character. This district is a series of high, uaked
cliffs and crags, rising from 500 to 1,000 meters over the valleys, inter-
mixed with smaller hills. The looser slates and schists of the Archaau
age have worn and washed awaj^, leaving the harder granite rocks
standing out as gigantic prongs of the most fantastic shapes. lu mauy
cases the streams have hollowed out deep ravines and gulches. Where
the granite rocks are less common broad valleys have been formed,
which are often called " parks.'' The most important are Custer Park
around the upper part of French Creek, Dodge Park around the heads
of Red Canyon Creek, and Elk Prairie on the Upper Sirring Creek.

The hills and the sides of the mountains are covered with woods, the
valleys are open, rich grass lands, here and there under cultivation.
The principal tree is the Rocky Mountain yellow pine {Fimis ponderosa
scopulorum), the only tree that grows abundantly enough to make a
forest. Lumbermen distinguish two varieties, in which I could see only
individual variation. On the north side of the mountains, and even on
the south side of the Harney Mountains at an elevation of about 900
meters above the level of French Creek and between 540 and 580 meters
above the sea, there is also found spruce, but not, as one would expect,
any of the Rocky INIountain species. It is the northern white si)ruce
{Picea canadensifi). But how did it come to the Hills I The pines have
probably come from the west, from the Rockies, over the Big Horn or
the Laramie mountains, and the hills of Wyoming. The deciduous trees
have crejit up the tributaries of the Cheyenne River. The spruce,
which grows only in the highest part of the Hills could not have done
either. The nearest point in the Rockies from which I have seen the
white spruce reported is about 100 miles farther north and 400 or 500
miles farther west, viz, in the valley of Blackfoot River in western Mon-
tana. There are no higli mountains north of the Black Hills, aud the
spruce apparently is not found growing anywhere else in the Dakotas
or eastern Montana. Neither does it grow in the two mountain ranges
named above nor in the Yellowstone National Park. It must have come
to the Black Hills in prehistoric times, when Dakota had a colder climate
and the woods extended over the plains, or else seeds must have been
brought there by migratory birds. The juniper, a nearly prostrate form
of Junipcru.s coinmunis, is common on tlie knolls, but the red cedar
J. rirf/ini((n(i is very rare. I saw only two stunted shrubs on the Buck-
horn Mountains near Custer.

Of the deciduous trees there are:

Hetiihi jxipyrared, fauoe bircli. Salix hebbiana, willow.

Betula occidentaliH, western bl;ick .Sa/ix discolor, willow,

biinb. Salix conlala, willow.
Populus treiuuloidea. <inaking aspen.

13144— No. 8 2

474
Farther down along Squaw Creek occurred :

(Jiieniiii mitcrocarpa, liur oak. Vlmua amiricnna, white elm.

Among shrubby phints may be meiitioued:

Cornii.f tiloloni/ira, doj^wood. AmehiiHliicr alniMut, JiiiU'lu'iry.

liibis actosum. j^oosclifiiy. Cori/lits ronltata, hazel.

liihi's oxijcaniho'tdi'ti, {joo.sebeiTy. OpuUistcr ojiulifoliun, nine-bark.

Jiihcs ccrcinn, squaw currant. Oj) id a a lev monoijynus, niue-'iark.
lUbcs lariislrc, swaiu]) <nrrant.
Slu'p]i(r<Ha caiKtdcnxis, Canadian
Slu'pherdia.

The known range of the following Rocky Mountain plants is extended

by tlicir discovery in the Black Hills on this trip:

Acioa spkalu urgutu. Aster sibiricits.

Viola vauiiia (((hnica. Arnica alpiiia.

Epilohium panicnlatum. I'l/rola rotundi/oUa bracteaia.

EpiJobium drummoml'ii. MtjoHolis sjilratica.

Dodi'catheon paHciJiornin. Widfenia rubra.

Aconitinn fischcri. Astragalus aboriyiiiuin (/labriusiulus.

Lcucocrinum montanum. Helianthemum majus.

Arcnaria verna liirta.

Of eastern or northeastern plants collected in this region may be
mentioned:

Viola palustris. Jli/pericuiit cauadensc.

Viola blanda. Tetrai/otianthus dejlcxus.

Lobelia spicata liirlella. Frar/aria vir(iinia7ia.

Stachi/s aspera. Solidago crecta?

The most remarkable "find," however, was that of the true AquUegia
hreristyla in the United States. The Kocky Mountain plant, so named,
proves to be a distinct species and has received tlio name .1. sa.rinion-
tana.

As I have said before, the valleys are rich grass land. Even the
dryer ones furnish a good i)asture and along the water courses are
excellent luiy lands. One of the men acc(>m})anying the geological sur-
vey under Jenney, named "California Joe," expressed himself, "There's
gold from tlie grass roots down but there's more gold from the grass
roots up." Around Custer, the place to which the first great rush of
gold liunters was directed, stock raising or farming seems to be more
})rolilable than gold digging.

In a meadow near French Creek the glass stood ! meter high. The
most common grasses were:

J'aniciilarid iifrrata. Calamagrosiis canadensis.

At/roslis alba. Calamagrosiis dnbia.

I'fxi nemoralis. Agropfirun rcpens glancnm.
.Ilojiecnriix genicnlaliiH I'ulvnx.

In a slougli 1 found Spartina ci/nn.siiroifJes, licckmannia eruca'/ormis,
and ri(nk'uli(ria <iincrk'<u\a. In a glen below Svlviin Lake were found

475

two easteru grasses, Oryzopsis juncea and 0. asperifolia. Near the
railroad occurred two forms of Poa n evade ns is, and Bromus pumpilHa-
nus, both of u more western range. On a wooded hill, together with
the tliree common Stipas, S. spartea, S. comata, and 8. viridula, grew a
fourth, iS. rich<(r(lsonii, of a more western range, and also DantJionia
spicata, from the East.

But the most peculiar feature of this region is the damp atmosphere.
The Harney Eange differs in that respect from the Northern Hills. On
account of this dampness, and difterently from mountain regions in
general, the Harney Eange abounds in lichens, liverworts, mosses, and
ferns, es])ecially on the north side of the crags, where the rocks in many
places are literally covered by lichens and the base and crevices lined
by mosses and ferns. Tlie lichens and mosses were collected only inci-
dentally, but a good collection of ferns was made. My list contains the
following from this region:

rohipodium ndi/arc.
A>iplenii(m irkhonuuies.
A sp hn i u m Ji I ix-fam in a.
Phetjojitcris dryopteris.
Woodsia oreyana.
Botri/cliiinn matricarUvfolitim?
Polypodium ruhjare rottuidalum.

rter'is aqiiil'ma.
Asplenium septentrionale.
Dryopteris filix-mas.
Cyatopteris fray His.
Woodsia scopiilina.
SelayineUa ruptstris.

LIiMESTONK DISTRICT.

The Limestone District is a high table-land, running from south to
north, on the Wyoming line. It is separated from the Harney Eange
and tlie otlier hills by a valley. This table-land is the watershed of the
Black Hills, giving rise to Spearlish, Eapid, French, and Eed Canyon
creeks on the east side, and Eed Water, Inyankara, and Beaver creeks
on the west side. The ]»lateau is 1,800 to 2,000 meters high, the highest
point, Crooks Tower, being, next to Harney Peak, the highest in the
hills. The surface is made up of pine-covered ridges running north and
south. The valleys between these ridges are composed of excellent
hay land. The region resembles much some parts of Sweden. The
l)ine-covere(l hills were here, so also the meadows with the knee-deep
grass, and the flowers were in greater profusion and greater variety of
color than 1 have seen elsewhere in America. The Swedish species
were seldom present, but they had their counteri)arts: Hieracium,
Scofzonera, iiudMypocIi<jeris were matched hy Rudheelda liirtu, Gaillardia
aristata, and HeUanthus maximiliani; Lathyrns and yicia by Jjupinus
parrijhrns and /.. .scriveus; Geranium .sylvatieKm by Geranium riehard-
sonii; Chrysanthemum leucanthcmum by Aster ptarmicoides; and Sol-
idago virgaurea by ^olidago missouriensis. In the border of the woods
the same ohl Epilohium angnstifolium ])resented itself.

The only trees seen in the district were the pine and the quaking
aspen.

476

Of shrubs were observed:

SitUx hvhhiana. SaJix discolor.

JiibL'8 cereiim. Juiiijienin commniiin.

i:<h('2>hir(Ua caHadcnsin. EJcaijnua arijciitta.
CcaiiothiiK fendlcri.

The Ceanotlius lias liitherto been reported only from southern Colo-
ra(l() and southward.

Other remarkable plants were:

Epilobium hornemanli. Balaamorhiza nayiltala.

IJclianthi'Ua (jitnniKcuervis. Frasera spechmu.

AxtrtKjaliis vouvallarius. Epilobium dniiinnondii.

I'llhia brvweri. Lupinun ncriccun.

all irom a more western or southern ranj^e.

To me this region looked as i)romisiug as any in the lilaek Hills for
agricultural purposes. As said before, the valleys were excellent hay
lands. The grasses were about the same as those around Custer. The
dryer valleys and the woods would furnish enough of summer pasture.
During the winter the stock must be fed with hay as the snowfall is
very heavy. Sometime after I had visited the region I heard that this
was the i)rincipal reason why many of the si^uatters had left the region.
The soil was a black loam contaiDing a considerable amount of lime,
the valleys were less rough than those of the parks of the preceding
region and could easily be made into lields.

NOUTHKKN UlLLS.

The Northern Kills, notwithstanding their great height, look more
like hills than mountains. Even the highest, as Terrys Peak, Custers
I'eak, etc., are covered with woods to the top. The larger part of the
region is the northern half of the Archa-au formation. As said before
this is comi)osed of (•omi)aratively soft slates and schists. The rivers
have worn out deej) canyons, many volcanic eruptions have thrown up
cones of igneous rocks, and the remainders here and there of the broken
strata of Potsdam sandstone and Carboniferous limestone make the
country more uneven. The woody llora resembles that of the Harney
liange, Init the piue is more predominant. The elm is lacking in this
region and theoiik is <-onlined to the foothills and neighboring canyons.
The following shrubs and climbers may be added.

Ceanothus uvatuH. J'ibiiniiiin Iculai/o.

I'olviitilla fruticomi. Louin-ru hirsuin i/laiircaceus.

Vitin rnlpintt. rarlliviiocintiioi qiiiiiqHt/olia.

'i'he whole region seems to have been one large pine forest; but now
large tracts are made bare by the ravages of lumbernuMi, niining com-
l)anies, (ire, an<l cyclones, nothing being left but stumps, fallen logs,
and the underbrush, 'i'he second forest will consist of deciduous trees,
as asjuMi, willows, birch, and clierry. The mining resources of the JIdls,
esx)ccially around Lead City and Deailwood, are well known. The

477

Black ITills and Fort Pierre Eailroad was built by the Homestake
Milling- Company, principally for the purpose of transporting- wood and
lumber to their mines and stamp mills, and other roads have been built
by other companies. Sawmills are scattered all over the Hills, and it
will be no wonder if in a short time the dark pine forest is gone and
the name "Black Hills" has become meaningless.

The valleys of this region are very narrow, and in that small part in
which I collected, little of their natural condition was left. The Elk
Canyon in many places was just wide enough to give room for the creek
and the railroad. The nearly perpendicular sides were as much as 200
to 300 meters high. Around Lead City and Deadwood railroads and
wagon roads wind through the narrow valleys, and the small patches
of grass left are well cropped down by the town cows. At Rochford
only I found a good meadow. The grasses were the same as in the
other regions of the hills, but the blue grasses were more common.
The following- grasses may be mentioned as of special interest:

Oryzopsis micrantha. Arena striata.

Bromus pumjjeJlianus. ^h/miis dasi/stachys.

from Elk Canyon.

Calamagrofitis Ri/lvatica americava. Agropi/ron riolarenm majus.

Fanicum depanperaium. Festuca orino.

from the neighborhood of Lead City.

The Northern Hills, especially the canyons, contain more Eastern as
well as Western plants than any other part of the hills. Among those
not given in Coulter's Manual, which is supposed to cover all the terri-
tory west of the one hundredth meridian, are:

Viola scahriiiscxda. Folygala senega latifolia.

Lathyriis ochrohueus. Nainnhurqia thyrsifiora.

TelragonanthuH deflexus. Lappula deflexa americana.
LappuJa rirginiana.

Of Western plants were found :

Thalietrum ocddentale. Thalictnim roinlosum .

Claylonia perfoliain ampleclens. Lupitius parvijlonts.

Lnpiniis serircus {^). Spiraa c(vspitosa.

Politililla gUntdnlosa. Heuchera jxtrrifolia.

Epilohium drnmmondii. Osviorrhiza iiuda.

Arnica vordi/olia. Arnica alpina.

Hieracinm fendleri. Vacciniitm myrdUits microphylhim.

Frasera spe.ciosa. Mertensia sihirica.

MimuhiH Inteus. Calochortus gnnnisoni.

Potentilla hnmifusa. I^esquereUa spatulata.

Among tlie most interesting finds was a patch of caraway, Carum
mrui, which I found in the wilderness '> or 4 miles north of Deadwood.
Perhaps some (lerman or Scandinavian gold hunter liad happened to
drop a piece of ohl country cheese spiced with the customary caraway
seed, and hence the patch.

478

GENERAL REMARKS.

From the foregoing can be seen what a varied Hora the Black Hills
have. There are found plants from the East, from the Saskatchewan
region, from the prairies and table-lands west of the Missouri Kiver,
from the Kocky Mountains, and even from the region west thereof. In
the footliills and the lower parts of the Hills ])ro])cr the flora is essen-
tially the same as that of the surrounding plains, with an addition of
Eastern plants which have ascended the streams. In the higher parts
the flora is more of a Northern origin. Most of the i)lants composing it
are of a more or loss transcontinental distribution but often character,
istic of a higher latitude. Some can be said to belong to the Rocky
Mountain region. The only trees of Western origin are Pinvs ponderosa
scopuhn-um. and IlciuUi occidoitaUs; the others are Eastern or transcon-
tinental. The flora resembles therefore more that of the region around
the Great Lakes than that of the Rockies.

The collection contains a little over 700 Phfenogams and Fernworts.
This is certainly far from all that grow in the region. A few more
known to occur in the Black Hills could have been added to the list,
as for instance, Mentzelia oUgoHperma and lli/santhes gratioloides, col-
lected by ]\rr. A. F. Woods; Onoclea .seusibiJis and Aster salsugiiioshs, by
Prof. T. A. AVilliams; Fritillaria linearis, by Miss I'ratt, of Piedmont;
and Sorbus sambueifoUa, by Mr. Runkel, the owner of the sawmills at
Runkels. Viburnum prunifolium was also reported by a physician of
Custer, but i)erhaps V. Icniugo was mistaken for it. A squatter told
me that he had cut hickory poles on the Squaw Creek, a statement
which seems doubtful. Jenney, in his report on the Geological Survey
of the lUack Hills, reports the black si)ruee and mulberry as growing
in the hills. The former probably was confounded with the white
spruce, and the occurrence of the latter needs veriflcation.

To the following botanists acknowledgements are due for help in the
determination of the species. The Carices have been determined by
Prof. L. H, T'ailey, the genera E])ilobium and Gayophj'tnm by Dr.
William Trelcase, Polygonum by Mr. .1. K. Small, Salix by Mr. M. S.
Bebb. The determinations of Juncacea*, Graminea', and rmbelliferaj
hav(; been verified by Mr. I'>ederick V. Coville, Prof. F. Lamson-Scrib-
ner, and Mr. J. N. Rose, who have also made a few corrections where
ncc(led. The desciption of Poa pseudopratenHiii is drawn by Professor
Scribner.

In the identification of the collection, the plants have been compared
with sjiocimens in the Natioiuil Herbarium and tlic herbarium of the
I'niversity of Nebraska. Thanks are also due to Prof. N. L. Lirittou,
of Columbia College, and Prof. John Macouu, of Ottawa, Canada, for
tlie loan of specimens for com])arison.'

'Tlio :ukn<iwl('(l<4iuents expressed, p. 118 of this volnme, footnote 1, are also here
renewed.

479

CATALOGUE OF SPECIES.
RANUNCULACEiE.

Clematis scottii Porter; Tort. A: Coult. Fl. Col. 1 (1874).

The spetimeus in this collection are like those collected by Dr. Scoville in Colo-
rado, hut not like those obtained by Lenmion in Arizona, which undoubtedly belong
to a distinct species. Coulter, in the Manual of the Rocky Mountain Region, describes
the sepals as less hairy than those of C. douglasii. In mine they are fully as hairy,
but thicker and shorter.

On hillsides near Hot Springs, altitude 1,060 m., June 1, 17; in fruit, August 2 (No.
481).

Clematis ligusticifolia Nutt. ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i, 9 (1838).

In canyons among till' foothills: Hot Springs, altitude 1,050 m., August 2 (No. 482).

A form with large (5 to 7 cm. long) and dullish leaflets and verj^ long (15 to 22 cm.)
and slender peduncles, was collected on the very steep sides of Hot Springs Canyon,
near the Chautauqua grounds, altitude 1,050 m., August 3 (No. 483).

Clematis alpina tenuiloba (Gray).

Gray ' makes this a subvariety of C. alpina oecidentalis Gray, which is described as
having smooth achenes. In my specimens they are silky. The plant further differs
from C. alpina ochotensis or occideniaUs in having more delicate stems, smaller and
more lobed leaves with more rounded lobes and sinuses, and longer, lanceolate sepals.
This plant has been collected also by Dr. Chas. E. Bessey at Maniton, Colo. It was
sold in albums of Black Hills flowers at Deadwood under the name of C. douglasii.
Perhaps the silkiness of the achenes was the cause of this error.

Here and there in canyons, in the Black Hills proper, near Piedmont, altitude 1,200
m., June 27; Lead City, altitude 1,600 m., July 6; Bull Springs, in the Limestone
District west of Custer, altitude 1,900 m., July 27 (No. 484).

Pulsatilla hirsutissima (Pursh) Britton, Ann. N. Y. Acad, vi, 217 (1891); Clematis
hirsittissiina Pursh, Fl. i, 385 (1814).

Common in the Hills: Custer, altitude 1,650 m., May 28, 31. .Tune 4 (No. 485).

Anemone multifida Poir. Kncyl. Suppl. i, 364 (1810).

Not uncommon in the Northern Hills: Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., June 29; I^ead
City, altitude 1,800 ni., July 4; Rochford, altitude 1,700 m., July 11 (No. 486).

Anemone cylindrica Gray, Ann. Lye. N. Y. iii, 221 (1836).

In the Northern Hills: Hermosa, altitude 1,000 m., June 21; Lead City, altitude
1,700 m., July 6; Rochford, altitude 1,650 m., July 11 (No. 487). Several of the plants
have some of the peduncles with secondary involucres. In a few specimens from
Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m.,.Tune 29, the divisions are also broad, and the plants
can not be distinguished from A. rirginiana, except by the very short style (No. 488).

Thalictriim purpurascens L. Sp. PI. i, .546 (1753).

In canyons, among the foothills: Hot Springs, altitude 1,0.50 m., .Tune 18; Elk
Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., June 29 (No. 489).

Thalictrum occidentale Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad, viii, .372 (1872).

The sjiecimens are rather too young for identification. None were seen in fruit, as
I was not in tlie locality of the plant except in the early part of the summer. The
foliage is very like that of T. occidmiale, and the plant agrees well with the descrip-
tion of that species. If the determination is correct, the range of T. occidentale is
extended far east.

Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., June 29 (No. 490).

Thalictrum venulosum Trelease, Proc. Bost. See. Nat. Hist, xxiii, 302 (1886).

This is T. dioicnm L., of Newton &, .Teuney's Report.^

The only specimens in fruit seem to be typical. They were collected near Bull

' In Newton & Jenney, Geol. Surv. Black Hills, 531 (1880). « Loc. (it., p. 532.

480

Springs, altitude 1,000 lu., July L'7. Vouugcr specimcus from Little Elk Canyon,
altitude 1,100 ni., .June 29, have souiewliat larger and thinner leaves (No. 491).

Batrachiumdivaricatuni(Schrank) Wiimn. Fl. ^^r•lllrs. 10 (1811): naviineulnsdirari-
catufi Rchrank, llaicr. 1"1. ii, 101 (17S9).

The si)e(iiuens roseinble those of my Xcbraska cDllections, t-xccpt Hint the ])edun-
cles are much shorter.

In brooks: Beaver Creek, near Hufl'alo (iaj). altitude 975 m., June 21 ; Kapid Creek,
above Rapid City, altitude 1,000 m.. .Tune 2".; Elk ("reek, altitude 1.100 m.. .June 28
(No. 492).

Cyrtorhyncha cymbalaria (Pursli) Britton, Mem. Torr. Club, v. Ifil (1894); Ran-
unciihtu ri/)iih(tl(iri(i I'lirsli, Fl. i, 392 (1814).'

Around springs; common: Hot Springs, altitude 1,0.")0 m., .Tune 10 (No. 493).

Ranunculus cardiophyllus Hook. Fl. Hor. Anier. i, 14 (1829).

This is not ineluded in Coulter's Manual. The rajige is hence extended westward.
Tlie petals in my specimen are broadly ovate, large, bright yellow, the sepals very
pubescent.

Custer, altitude 1,625 m., .Tune 4; Kochlord, altitmle 1,(jO0 m., .Tuly 11 (No. 494).

Ranunculus ovalis Raf. Proc. Dec. 36 (1814).

Not uncommon in shady places: Custer, altitmle 1,625 ni., May 28. Some speci-
mens resemble somewhat the preceding species in size and habit, but the petals are
oblong-rhombic (No. 195).

Ranunculus abortivus L. Sji. PI. i, 551 (1753).

All specimens collected in the Hills are very slender and with thin leaves. This is
especially the case with those from Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., .Tune 29 (No. 496).
Those from Rnnkels, altitude 1,300 m., June 29 (No. 497). are more stout and approach
the ordinary form.

Ranunculus .sceleratus I^. Sp. PI. i, .551 (1753).

In and near streams: Piedmont, altitude 1.000 m.. .Tune 27; Elk Creek, altitude
1,200 m., .Tune 29; Roehford, .altitude 1,600 m., July 11 (No. 498;.

Ranunculus pennsylvanicus L. f. Suppl. 272 (1781).

Wet places; common: Lead City, altitude 1..500 m.. .Tuly 6; Custer, altitude 1,6.50
m., July 1.5' (No. 499).

Ranunculus macounii Britton, Trans. N. Y. Acad, xii, 3 (1892).

Hooker, in the Flora Boreali-Americana, describes his /.'. hiii))ithi.-< .is being erect.
Dr. Britton, loc. cit., says:

"This is a spreading or trailing species, not stoloniferous as far as I know." As
far as I can judge, there are two forms of this s})ecies ; one, gencirally .ascending, bnt
sometimes er«Ht, sometimes even spreading, the other widely trailing and stoloniler-
ons. All the specimens from the Black Hills were of the former character, and may
be regarded .as the typical /.'. mapouiiii. as they answer best the description of
Ii. h'mjndus Hooker, on which Ii. macounii was based.

Very common throughont the Black Hills: Hot S])rings. altitude 1,050 m., June 15;
Hermosa, altitude 1.0.50 m., .lune 23; Lead City, altitude 1,500 m., .Inly 6 (No. .500).

Aquilegia canadensis L. Sp. PI. i. .533 (17.53).

Common: b'lipid City, altitude 1,000 m., June 25; Little Elk Canyon, altitude
1,100 m., Jum- 28: Roehford, altitude 1,600 m., .July 11 (No. 501).

Aquilegia canadensis formosa (Fisch.) Coojier. Pac. R. Rep. xii, .55 (1860); .iqui-
lei/ia fonnoHii Fisch. ; DC. I'rodr. i, 50 (1824).

This seems to gr.ade into the preceding, from which it diflers in the shorter spur
and longer sepals, which arc about twice the length of the petals. In my specimens
the leaves are larger .and more ghiTicous.

R.arc: Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., .lune 29 (No. 502).

' See remarks on the synonomy of this species, this volume, p. 148 (1895).

Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. III.

Plate XVIil.

AQUILEQIA BREVISTYLA Hook.

481

Aquilegia brevistyla Hook. Fl. Bor. Aiuer. i, 24 (1829). Pl. XVIII.

This plant is vory rare in the United States. Unless the locality given in the sixth
edition of Gray's ]Manual ' belong^s to this plant, the station given below, as far as I
know, is the first one recorded in the country. All specimens I have seen from the
Rocky Monntains belong to another species, which I have named A. saximontana.'^
The original description of A. hrevisiyla is as follows: ''Snbpnbesceus, calcaribns
iiicnrvis limbo brcvioribns, stylis brevioribns inclusis, staminibns corolla subre-
vioribns.'' To this Hooker adds, in smaller type: " Canlis foliaque fere omnino lit in
A. vnlfjare. llores dnplo minores, cicrnlei plornmqne pubescentes.'' "FistUla 5.
Germina lineari-cylindracea, pnboscentin, in stylis apiee leniter recnrvis sensim
attennata, staminibns brevioribns. Capsnlie 5, unciani bmga^ in stylo brevi vix
dnas lineas longo terminata'."

This description does not lit the Eocky Mountain plant, as in it neither the stem
nor the flower nor the capsule is pubescent, but the plant is perfectly smooth.
Neither does the stem nor the loaves resemble those of A. ritlgaj-is. The Eocky Moun-
tain 2ilant is more or less cespitose, with many low (1 to 2 dm. high) stems from the
caudex, which is covered with old leafstalks. In A. vulgaris the stem is tall (4 to
10 dm. or more high) and simple. The leaves are of a firm texture in the latter, the
root leaves long-petioled and twice-ternate, the stem leaves on short petioles or sub-
sessile, often sim]ily ternate or simple and o-lobed. In the Eocky Mountain plant
the leaves are thin, all slender-petioled and twice ternate, the upper, however, some-
times reduced. The plants of my collection and specimens of J. hrpi'isti/la from
western British America very much resemble A. vulgaris, but difier in their shorter
styles, the smaller size of the flowers, and the form of the corolla. In A. vulgaris
the limb is truncate or refuse, much shorter than the spur, and generally shorter
than the stamens. In A. hrevisti/la the limb is oblong, truncate, longer than the
short spur and the stamens. The corolla, iieduncles, upper part of the stem, and the
capsules are in the sjtecimens mentioned, as they should be according to the original
description, viz, pubescent.

lu nearly all the literature in this country in which A. hrevisii/la is mentioned, the
reference is to .(. saximontana instead. Torrey & Gray's Flora is an exception. Here
the description is essentially the same as in Hooker's Flora. In both the distribution
of the species is given as "Western part of Canada, as far north as Bear Lake,"
Gray's Manual, sixth edition, perhaps includes both. All the other descriptions I
Lave seen refer to the Eocky Mountain plant. The best one is given by Marcus E.
Jones. ^ This I shall use as the basis for niy description of A. saximontana, adding
such characters as will better show the distinction between this and A. hrevistyla.
Even a comparison between .lones's description (or Porter's in Flora of Colorado, or
Coulter's in Manual of Eocky Mountain Eegion), and the original one in Hooker's
Flora will show that they are drawn from different plants. ■•

' Gray, Man . ed . (5, 40 ( 1890) .
-Sec page 482, in footnote.
-Zoe, iv, 2.")8, October, 1893.

'The North Americ.an species of Ar(iiilegi.a witli curved s]nir may be disposed in the
following way :

A. Sinn 4 in Ui dm. high.

a. Sit/lr hi fruit more than 1 cm. long.

A. vcT.OAitis L. Sp. PI. i, .">.33 (17r)3).

Limb of the corolla shorter than tlu- sjxir and fin- stamens; Mowers blue, red, or
white. Escaped from gardens.

A. Ki.AVEScKN-s Wats. Bot. King. Siirv. v. 10 (ISll).

Limb of tiie corolla of the length of the s]tur but shorter than the stamens;

482

On dark, wooded hillsides; rare: Little Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., June 28;
Oreville, altitude 1,650 m., July 16 (No. 503).

Delphinium bicolor Nutt. ; Torr. it Or. Fl. i, 33 (1838).

Varial)l(\ In tin' rollection tin re are three forms, which probably belong here.
One is 1 toGdni. hiiih, with most leaves near the base, more or less glandular-pubescent
throughout, oven to the pods. Custer, altitude 1,650 m., .lune 3, Aug. 1 (Xo. 504).

Another l"orm is like this, but perfectly smooth and with thinner sepals; in some
specimens the Uowers are purplish pink. Kunkcls, altitude l,3()0m., June .30 (Xo. 505).

The third is a tall form 7 to 10 dm. high, glandular-pubescent, and with broader,
more jioiuted divisions to the leaves. It is the same as I), menziesii utahense Wats.'
Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., Jun^ 29 (No. 1205).

Aconitiim fischeri Reich. Monogr. Gen. Aeon, i, 22 (1820).

The couuuou American form is a tall plant, generally 1 to 1.5 m. high, robust, pubes-
cent, and viscid. The divisions of the leaves in my specimens, as well as in some

corolla yellowish, sometimes tinged with rod or blue. See M. E. .Tones, loc. cit. In
the Wasatch Mountains from Utah to Uritish America.

b. Style in fruit 5 to 7 mm. long.

A. BREVISTYLA Hook. Fl. lior. Araer. i, 24 (1829); Torr. & Gr. Fl. i, 30; AValp.
Rep. i. 51, etc. (Some of the other references in Wats. Bibl. Index, p. 6, may belong
here, as A. vuhjaris? Richards. App. Frankl. Journ. 740).

Stem 4 to 10 dm. high, simple, pubescent, or glandular above, especially on the
peduncles and flowers; root leaves 2-ternate on stout petioles; stem leaves diminish-
ing upward, often ternate and short-jtotioled or the upper simple, 3-lobed and
sessile; pedicels stout and recurved; sepals blue, acute; limb of the petals yellow-
ish tchile, lontjer than the hlne, curved spur and the stamens; ovary pubescent ; pod 2 to
2.5 cm. long, reticulate and glandular-pubescent.

Western Canada, Red River Valley (?), and the Black Hills. Specimens seen:
Canada, Morley (Albertina), 1885, John Maconn; McKenzie River, Louis Anderson;
South Dakota, No. 503 of this collection.

B. Stem 0.5 io 2 dm. hit/h, suhceapitose.
a. Style in fruit about <>.'< cm. long.

A. SAXi>ro>rT.\N.v Ryd]»erg; Gray, Syn. Fi. i, ]>t. 1, 43 (1805); A. vulgaris hrevistyla
Gray, Amer. .Fourn. Sci. ser, 2. xxxiii, 410, and Proc. Acad. Phila. 1S63. 57 ( 1863), name
only; Porter, Port. iV Coult. Fl. Col. 4 (1874), description: ./. hrerintyla Coulter, Man.
Rock. Mount. Reg. 10 (1885) ; .Jones, Zoe, iv, 258 (1893). Pl. XIX.

Stem 1 to 2 dm. high, densely tufted, scarcely exceeding tlio loaves, perfectly
smooth; leaves twice-ternate, all on slender i)etioles thin, the u])per a little smaller;
le.itlots 8 to 15 mm. long, with long petiolules, pedicels slender, upright; sepals
greenish and obtuse or blue, and acute; limb of the petals yellow, longer than the
blue, curved sjtur. and tlii' stamens .and ])isfils; ovary smooth: ])od 1.5 to 2 cm.,
smooth.

Rocky Mountains of Colorado. Specimens examined : Colorado, Dr. James (labeled
A. ca-rulea, var. f) ; 1861, C. C. Parry, No. 90; 1862, HalKV- Harb(mr, No. 23; 1869, Sco-
ville ; Argentine Pa.s8, 1878, M. E. Jones. No. 875; Gray's Peak, 189.5, P. A. Rydberg and
C. L. Shear.

b. Style in fruit about 1 cm. long.

A. .loxKsn Parry, Amer. Nat. no. 8, 211.

Cespitose, 0.5 to 1 dm. high; leaflets about 0.5 em. long, nearly sessile; spur nearlj'
straight.

Rocky Mountains of Wyoming and Montana.

I Bot. King. Surv. 112 (1871).

Contr. Nat. Heib., Vol, 111.

Plate XIX.

AQUILEGIA SAXIMONTANA Rydberg.

483

from Colorado and Wyoming, are much narrower than in those from the Pacific Slope.
Near Terrys Peak, altitude 1,900 m., July 6; Rochford, altitude 1,700 m., July 12
(No. 506).

Specimens, collected among peat moss, below Sylvan Lake, 4 miles south-southwest
from Harnevs Peak, altitude 2,000 m., July 18 (No. 507) are much smaller, 3 to G dm.
high, slender, few-flowered, less pubescent, with finer lobes to the leaves and bluer
flowers, the hoods of which are more semicircular in outline.

Actaea spicata rubra Ait. Hort. Kew. ii, 221 (1789).

Professor Greene regards this as specifically distinct from A. gpicaia. Perhaps it
is so, but the characters pointed out which are to separate A. spicata from A. rubra
are not constant, at least in Scandinavian specimens of the former. Even the fruit
is sometimes bright red in them.

Rare: Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., June 29 (No. 508).

Actaea spicata arguta (Nutt.) Torr. Pac. R. Rep. iv, 63 (1856) ; Acta'a argufa Nutt. ;
Torr. & Gr. Fl. i, 35 (1838).

This often has the fruit white and much larger and more elongated than in the red-
fruited variety. Perhaps they are distinct, but I could not find any other character
that would separate them.

Little Elk Canyon, altitude 1,100 m., July 18; Custer, altitude 1,650 m., August 15
(No. 509).

BERBERIDACEiE.

Berberis aqmfolium Pursh, Fl. i, 219 (1814); Berheris repens Lindl. Bot. Reg. t.
1176 (1828).

Without doubt this is the original Berheris aqui/oUum Pursh, and Lindley made a
mistake when he supposed that the name belonged to the taller species of the Colum-
bia River basin. Lindley's statement that Pursh's drawing was made from Menzies's
plant, that is, the B. aquifolium ' of Hooker and of Lindley, is evidently wrong, as
Pursh does not cite Menzies as having collected it. The plate was made from a
specimen of Lewis's collection, and it as well as the description shows that the plant
belongs to what has been known as B. repens Lindley.- Sweet, in British Flower Gar-
den, says: '"Mr. Lindley's observations on B. aquifolium are wrong; the A'cry speci-
men figured by Pursh is now in his herbarium in Mr. Lambert's collection; the
name B. repens published in the Bot. Reg. must therefore be disused."

In canyons: Hot Springs, altitude 1,100m., June 12; Little Elk, altitude 1,200 m.,
June 28 (No. 510).

PAPAVERACEiE.

Argemone alba Lestib. Bot. Belg. ed. 2, iii, 133 (1799); A. alhiflora Hornem. Hort.
Hafn. 489 (1813-15).'

In draws among the foothills. Hermosa, altitude 1,025 m., July 24; 15 miles east
of Custer, altitude about 1,400 m., July 23 (No. 511).

FUMARIACE.a3.

Capnoides aureum TWilld.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. i, 14 (1891); Corj/dalis aurea
Willd. EuiiiM. 710 (IXOit).

Rare: Elk Canyon, on the railroad emb.inkment, altitude 1,200m., June 29 (No. 512).

'This must take the name Berheris nutkann (DC.) Kearney, Trans. N. Y. Acad, xiv,
29 (1894); Mahonta aquifolium nutkana DC. Syst. ii, 20 (1821).

'^One leaflet iti Pursh s figure (fig. 1) may belong to />'. aquifolium Hook.; at least
this was Watson's view.

' See my notes, j>. 149 of this volume. Mr. Prain has shown (Jouru. P.ot. xxxiii, 329)
that /'. albiflora is antedated by /'. alba. Both are based on speciniejis I'roni the
Southern States. Mr, Prain thinks that the plant of the Western plains is distinct,
and names it A. intermedia. I can not, however, find any constant character that
will separate the two.

484

Capnoides curvisiliquum (Engelm. ) Knntze, Rev. Gen. PI. ii, 14 (1891) ; Corydalis
curviniliquu Kngcliii.; dray, Man. oil. ;">, 62 (1867).

This i.s not uiicDiumon in tlie lUack Hills: Sylvan Lake, altitude l,90(t in., .June 8;
Hot Springs, altittulc 1. ().")() ni., .June 13 (No. 513).

NYMPHiEACEiE

Nymphaea advena Solaml. in Ait. llort. Kew. ii, 226 (1789). Leaves of this spe-
cies were .«een in Kapid Creek, 6 miles above Rapid City, bnt no specimens were
secured.

CRUCIFERiE.

Draba carolinana micrantha (Nntt.) Gray, Man. ed. 5, 72 (1867) ; Draba micrantha
Nutt. ; Torr. & Gr. Fl. i, 109 (1838).

Barren hills, rare: Hot Springs, altitude 1,100m., June 13 (No. 514).

Draba nemorosa L. Sp. PI. ii, 643 (1753).

The specimens of Hi is collection are pubescent even to the pods, and may belong
to the variety hehecarpa Lindl., but the hairy form has been regarded, by Do Caudolle
and others, as the typical J), nemorosa L.

Early in the spring: Custer, altitude 1,650 m.. .June 1 (No. 515).

Draba aurea Vahl. in Horneni, Fors. Dansk. (Econ. PI. ed. 2, 599 (1806).

My specimens diftcr from the common form in being more slender, and in having
entire, thin leaves, smaller, paler petals with more slender claw, and longer, decid-
edly twisted pods. The peduncles and pedicels are ciliato and the sepals narrow.
I took it for the variety stylosa. It resembles somewhat the original specimens of
this, from Fendler's collectiou; but the pods are much longer and the style shorter.
I do not wish to give it a A-arietal name, as I have specimens from only one locality.

In a shady jilace, at the foot of a high cliff, below Sylvan Lake, altitude 2,0(X) m.,
July IK (No. 516).

Arabis glabra (L. ) Heruh. Verz. Sy.st. Erf. 195 ( 1800) ; Titrrith glabra L. Sp. PI. ii,
666 (1753).

Rare: Along the railroad in Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., .June 29 (No. 517).

Arabia hirsuta (L. ) S<op. Fl. Carn. ed. 2. ii. 30 (1772) ; Turritis hirsula L. Si>. PI. ii,
666 (1753).

('omm<ui: Custer, altitude 1,(!.")0 m.. May 30, .Tune 3; Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m.,
•June 13; Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 ni., June 29. The specimens from the latter i)lace
are unusually sleniler (No. 518).

Arabis holbcEllii Hornem. Fl. Dan. xi, 1. 1879 (1827).

The llowers in my specimens are sehlom reflexed; the ]>o(is .are a little curved :md
rellexod.

Connnon: Custer, altitude 1,650 m., .Iiino5; Elk Canyon, altitude 1.200 in., .hine
29; Lead City, .iltitiidc l,.-.0() m., .July 6 (No. 519).

Arabis holboellii retrofracta ((Graham); Arabia retrofracta ^\vn\v.\n\. I'.dinb. Phil,
.lonrn. 344 (1829).

The latter has generally been regar<led as a synonym of ./. hoUxrJii. There seem,
however, to be two or tiiree different forms of this s))ecies, one of which has more
slender jiods, which are jierfectly straight, and smaller flowers. This agrees with the
description of Turritis retrofracta in Hooker's Flora Boreali-Americana, Volume I,
page 11. The root leaves are spatulate, petioled, the stem leaves sessile, lanceolate,
with a hasttitc, half-clasjiing base.

Elk Canyon, .altitude 1,200 m., .June 29 (No. 520).

Stanleya pinnata (Pureli ) Hritton. Trans. N. Y. Acad, viii, 62 (1889) ; flromrphinala
Pursb, Fl. ii,739 (1814).

On )>rairie, 1 mile east of Fall Kiver Falls, altitude -1,000 m., June 18 (No. 521).

485

Erysimum asperimi (Nutt.) DC. Syst. ii, 505 (1821); Cheiranthus usptr Nutt.
Gen.ii, 69 (1818).

Hot Springs, altitude l,Or)0 m., Juno 14; Hermosa, altitude 1,0U0 m., June 23;
Rapid City, altitude 1,000 m., Juno 26 (No. 522).

A form with slender, twisted pods was collected on the hills north of 1 )ead\vood,
altitude 1,500 m., July 5 (No. 523).

Erysimum cheirauthoides L. 8p. PI. ii, 661 (1753).

Hut Springs, altitude 1,050 m., June 14; Rochford. altitude 1,050 in., July 11 (No.
524).

Erysimum inconspicuum (Wats,) MacMillau, Metasp. Minn. Val. 268 (1892);
Jirysimum asperum inconspicuum Wats. Hot. King Surv. 24 (1871).

This resemhles very much E. vi)(jatu7n Roth of Europe, and perhaps is only its
American form. It was growing together Avith /:,'. asperum and E. cheirantholdcs, and
in the field it seemed as if possibly it might he a hybrid of the two. In jiubescence,
color, and form of the llowers, and fonu of the pod it is more likfe E. asperum: tlie
general habit is that of E. cheiranthoidcs, and the size of the flowers intermediate
between those of the two.

Hot Springs, altitude 1,050 m., June 13 (No. 525).

Sisymbrium pinuatum (Walt.) Greene, Bull. Cal. Acad, ii, 390 (1887); Erysimum
pinuatum Walt. Fl. Car. 174 (1788).

This is very variable. Some specimens are more or less canescent and have the
seeds plainly in two rows (No. 526) ; others are smooth or, on the upper parts,
glandular and have the seeds apparently in one row, characters that should belong
to <S. incisum Engelm. (No. 527). The two were growing together at Hot Srpings,
altitude 1,075 m., June 14.

Brassica alba (L.) lioiss. Voy. Espagne, ii, 239 (1839-45) ; Sinupis alba L. Sp. PI. ii,
668 (1753).
Railroad embankment, Buffalo Gap, altitude 991 ni., June 21 (No. 529).
Brassica sinapistrum Boiss. Yoy. Espagne, ii, 39 (1839-45).
Buffalo Gap, altitude 991 m.. June 21 (No. 528).

Roripa palustris (L.) Bess. Enum. 27 (1821) ; Sisymbriuin amphibium 2)alustr€ L. Sp.
PI. ii, 657 (17.53).
Rare in the region : Rapid City, altitude 1,000 ni., June 26 (No. 530).

Roripa nasturtium (L.j Rushy, Mem. Torr. Club, iii, 5 (1893); Sisymbrium nas-
turtium L. Sp. PI. ii, 657 (1753).

Fall River, near the Chautamiua grounds, above Hot Springs, altitude 1,050 m.,
June 14 (No. 531).

A fonu, very low, creeping, extensively rooting, with very fleshy leaves of 0 to 2
small pairs of leaflets and a larger, nearly orbicular, odd leaflet, and with short and
thick pods, was growing in the warm springs, at Hot Springs, altitude 1,050 m., June
14 (No. 532).

Lesquerella argentea arenosa (Richards.) Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad, xxiii, 252
(1888); I'eaicaria arenosa Richards. Bot. Apj). 743 (1823).

There are no specimens of this variety in the National Herbarium, but I think it
is this plant (which is illustrated by specimens in the Harvard Ilerbariuiu) that
Dr. Watson had in view in his revision. The form of the leaves does not agree fully
with the original description in the Appendix to Franklin's Journal, being narrower
and with entire margin. The figure of T. arctica in Curtis's Botanical Magazine,'
which, according to Watson, is the same as V, arenosa Richards., is drawn irom a
young specimen, biit resembles this much, although it seems to bo a little stouter

My plant is densely stellate-pubescent, much branched from the perennial ('andcx;
radical leaves broadly spatulate or oblanceolate, often a little acutish; stem 1.5 dm.

'Bot. Mag., Ivi, t. 2882.

486

high; pod globose or a little elongated, stellate-pnbe8<ent witli a long style, pedicels
recurved as in /,. ludoviciana, -which it resembles, althougli it is more slender and
more brauched and has wniallcr pods.

llillsidf, Hot .S]>rin,us, altitude l.lOo im., June 11 and August 3 (No. 533).

Lesquerella spatulata s]). uov.

Low and somewhat ca-spitose; stems 3 to 10 cm. high, subscapose; leaves all radi-
cal, spatulate or oblauceolate, decurrcnt on the petiole; jJetaJs sjiatulate, j^ellow;
pods on recurved pedicels, ovate, only slightly compressed toward the apex, finely
pubescent, i-seeded; septum not perforate; style scarcely as long as the mature
pod.

Like the last in habit, but lower. The pod, however, is ovate, ]>ointed, and
slightly comi)ressed toward the apex, about the length of the slender style but
shorter than the i)edicel, which is rellexed and tlien curved upward. The plant is
somewhat intermediate between L. montaiia, tlic preceiling si)e(i('s, and L. alpiiia.
I'rom L. moiittuia it dilVers in its more slender habit, narrower leaves, and smaller
pods; from L. uJpina, in being much taller and in having broader leaves, less coiu-
pressed jutds, longer and recurved pedicels, and shorter stj'le. In /-. aJpiua the style
is longer than tlio pod, the pedicels erect, and the septum perforateil. It ditlers
from L. argentta arenosa in the form of the pod. Similar specimens were found in
the Harvard Herbarium, viz, in C. C. Parry's collection of 1873 (No. 21) and in the
collection of Jenuey's expedition, 1875. These were referred to L. alpina by Dr.
Watson. In the Columbia College herbarium there are tlie following specimens:
H J. AVebber, from Belmont, Nebraska, 1889; Dawson, Milk River, N. W.T., 1883,

Dry hilltop, north of Deadwood, altitude 1,600 m., July 5 (No. 531).

Cameliiia sativa (L.) Crautz, Stirp. Austr. i, 18 (17GL'); Myagnun nativuin L. Sp.
PI. ii, 641 (1753).

Introduced: Railroad cuibankment above Custer, altitude 1,700 m., July 15
(No. 535).

Bursa bursa-pastoris (L.) Weber in Wigg. Prim. Fl. Hoist. 41 (1780); Thlanpi hur-
sajiasloria L. Sp. PI. ii, 647 (1753).

The common form was collected iu yards at Custer, altitude 1,625 m., .June 4
(No. 536).

The so-called variety iniegrifolia, that is, the form with entire leaves, was collected
on a hillsi<lo near Central City, altitude 1,700 m., July 3 (No. 537).

A delicate form was found with finely piunatilid leaves; the divisicms oblong,
sometimes sinuately toothed; j)ods (immature) liroadly oval, sometimes truncate,
but not at all triangular. The general ai)]>earance reminds (ine scuuewhat of I'eca-
dulia niidUaitUa. Hillside, south of Custer, altitude l,6l.'5 m., May 28 (No. 538).

Lepidium iucisum Roth, Neue Peitr. i, 224 (1802).

Rare in the Ulack Hills: Hot .Sjjriugs. altitude 1,0.50 m., .huie 16 (No. 539).

CAPPARIDACE^.

Jacksouia trachysperma ( I'orr. A: (Jr.) (Jrecue, I'ittonia, ii, 175 (1?<U0); I'oldtiisin
trarlniH/ienna Torr. iV <ir. Fl. i,'(;6'J (1K40).

Draws among the foothills: Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m.. August 2 (No. 540).

Cleome serrulata Pursh, Fl. ii. Ill (1M11).

Draws among the foothills: Hot Springs, altitude 1,1(»0 m., August 2 (No. 541).

CISTACEiE.

Helianthemum majus (L.) B. S. 1'. Prel. Cat. N. Y. 6 (1888); Lcchfu major L. Sp.
PI. i, !M» (1753); Hrliantlicmum canadriinr walkenr Kvans, Bot. Gaz. xv, 211 (181(0).

The only locality hitherto recorded for this form is the original one in Douglas
County, Colorado. Roadside, east of Custer, altitude 1,600 m., July 22 (No. 542).

487

VIOLACEiE.

Viola pedatifida Don, Hist. Dichl. PI. i, 3l'0 (1831).
Valley: t'uster, altitiule 1,650 ni., Juue -1 (No. 543).

Viola obliqua Hill, Hort. Kew. 310, t. 12 (1769); Viohi paJmata ohli'qua (Hill)
Hitehfock, Traus. .St. Louis Acad, v, 487 (1891) ; 7'. cucuUata Ait. Hort. Kew. iii, 288
(1789).

Low grouuds: Kuby Gulch, near Custor, altitude 1,650 m., May 31 (No. 544).

Viola palustris L. Sp. PL ii, 934 (1753).

Only four specimens in fruit were collected. These have larger and thinner leaves
than usual, resembling .somewhat those of the Alaskan /'. langndorjii. Sylvan Lake,
6 miles northeast of Custer and 4 miles from Harneys Peak, altitude 2,000 m., July 20
(No. 545).

Viola blauda Willd., Hort. Berol. t. 24 (1806).

Among moss, in a canyon below Sylvan Lake, altitude 1,900 m., .June 9 (No. 546).

Viola caniua aduiica (Smith) Gray, Pi-oc. Amer. Acad, viii, 377 (1872); Viola
aditnca Smith, Eees's Cycl. No. 63 (1817).

My specimens lack the dark-brown spots attributed to this variety in Hook. Fl.
Bor. Amer, i, 79. Borders of rich woods, early in the spring. South of Custer, alti-
tude 1,650 m.. May 30 (No. 547).

Viola canina oxyceras (?) Wats. Bot. Cal. i, 50 (1870).

I have not seen any specimens of this variety, but as it is the only one described
with acute s^mr, I place this plant with it.

Rare: near Lead City, altitude 1,500 m., July 0 (No. 548).

Viola canadensis L. Sp. PI. ii, 936 (1753).

Common: Little Elk Canyon, altitude 1,100 m., June 29; Elk Canyon, altitude
1,200 m., June 29; Kochford, altitude 1,600 m., July 11 (No. 549).

Viola uuttallii Pursh, Fl. i, 174 (1814).

Prairies and rich valleys: Custer, altitude l,6r)0 m., June 3; Hot Springs, altitude
1,0.50 m., June 12 (No. .550).

Viola pubescens Ait. Hort. Kew. iii, 290 (1789).

Rare: Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., June 29 (No. 551).

Viola scabriuscula (Torr. & Gr.) Schwein.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. i, 142 (1838), as
synonym ; Viohi jfube.icen.s scabriiificnJa Torr. & Gr. loc. cit.

This plant has nearly always one or more radical leaves at the time of blooming,
wllil(^ r. puhcxrciifi seldom has any.

Elk Cauyou, altitude 1,100 m., June 29 (No. 5.52).

POLYGALACEiE.

Polygala senega latifolia Torr. & Gr. Fl. i, 131 (1838).

It is not uncommon in the northern part of the Black Hills. Elk Canyon, altitude
1,300 m., Juue 30; south of Lead City, altitude 1.600 ni., .Inlj' 6; near Bull Springs in
the Limestont^ District, altitiule 1,900 m., July 26 (No. 553).

Polygala alba Nutt. Gen. ii, Xl (1818).

Hills below H(tt Sjirings, altitude 1,000 m., June 17; 15 miles east of Custer, alti-
tude 1,400 m., July 22 (No. 554).

Polygala verticillata L. Sp. PI. ii, 706 (17.53).

Fifteen miles east of Custer, on French Creek, altitude 1,400 m., .July 22 (No. 555).

CARYOPHYLLACEiE.

Saponaria vaccaria L. Sp. PI. i, 409 (17.53).

On the railroiul cmbanknuiut south of Minnekahta, altitude 1,270 m., August 4

(No. 550).

Silene autirrhiua L. Sp. PI. i, 419 (1753).

488

\ ery variahW'. ( tiie specimeu is about 1 m. high ami has broad leaves and minutely
pubescent stem ; some uru only about 1 dm. liigli and wboUy jj;labrou8.

Ilermosa, altitude 1,0;")0 ni., June 2'2; Lead City, altitude 1,7U0 m., July G; Custer,
altitude l.ti.")() ni., August 1 (No. 557).

Lycliuis drummoudii (Hook.) Wats. Bot. King lSur\\ '.i~ (1871); Sllenc (InimmuniUi
Hook. Fl. Hor. Anier. i, 811 (1830).

It was collected only in fruit. The leaves are unusually narrow and the plaut
strict. Custer, altitude 1,650 m., August 16 (No. 558).

Cerastium lougipeduuciilatuni Muhl. Cat. 46 (1813).

This is very variable. Some are 3.5 to 4.5 dm. high, with large leaves 3 to 5 cm.
long and 8 to 12 mm. wide, oblong, oval-lanceolate or spatulate. Kapid City, alti-
tiule 1,000 m., .luno 2."); south of Lead City, altitude 1,500 m., July 6; Kochford,
altitude 1,600 m., July 11 (No. 559).

The more couimon form, about 2 to 3 cm. high, with leaves about 25 mm. long and
8 mm. wide, oval or broadly oblong, was collected near Lead City, altitude 1,500 m.
July 6; Custer, altitude 1,650 m., June 4 (No. 560).

Cerastium brachypodum (Engelm.) Kobinson, Mem. Torr. Club, v, 150 (1894);
Ctiastium nutaun hrafhypodnm Engelm.; Gray, Man. ed. 5, 04 (1867).

My spetimens are small and approach the variety compactiim,' to which .some of
them could be referred. Hermosa, on ]ioor soil, altitude 1,050 m., June 22 (No. 561).

Cerastium arveuse L. Sp. PI. i, 438 (1753).

Rarer than the next: Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., .June 29; Lead City, altitude
1,700 m., July 6 (No. 562).

Cerastium arvense oblougifolium (Torr.) Britton A: llollick. Bull. Torr. Clnl»,
xiv, 47 (1887); Cerastium oblotigifolhim Torr. Fl. U. S. 460 (l'^24).

Custer, altitude 1,7(K) m.. May 31; Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., .luue 18; Elk
Canyon, altitude 1,300 m., June 29 (No. 563).

Alsiue longifolia (Muhl.) Britton, Mem. Torr. Club, v, 150(1894) ; Stelluria Umtjifolia
Muhl.; Willd. Enum. 479 (1809).

Grassy places, near water: below Terrys Peak, altitude 1,800 m., July 8; near
Sylvan Lake, altitude 2,000 m., July 18 (No. 564).

Arenaria hookeri Nutt.; Torr. A; Gray. Fl. i, 178 (1838).

Battle Mnnntain, east of Hot .Springs, altitude 1,150 m., June 18 (No. 565).

Arenaria lateriflora L. Sp. PI. i, 423 (17.53).

Shady woods: Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., June 29; Sylvan Lake, altitude 2,000
m., July 18 (No. 568).

Arenaria stricta Mx. Fl. i, 274 (1803).

DilVer.s from tlie commou form in the length of tlie jietals, which scarcely exceed
the acute but not i)ointetl sepals. Th«; leaves are also somewhat broailer and more
flaccid. Sandy soil: Elk Canyon, altituile 1,200 m., .lune 29; Little Elk Canyon,
altitude 1,100 m., .June 28 (No. . 5(16).

Arenaria verua hirta (Wornisk.) Wats. Bot. King Snrv. 11 il871); Anuaria hirla
Wormsk. Fl. Dan. x, 1646 (1819).

(;landular-i>uberulent ; the ui)per leaves lanceolate, short, strongly 3-uerved.
Shady place among rocks, below Sylvan Lake, altitude 1,IH)0 m., July 18 (No. .5t}7).

Paronychia jamesii Torr. & Gr. Fl. i, 170 ( 1838).

Dry hills: Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 ni., .lune 13; Hermosa, altitude 1,100 m.,
Juue23(No.959).

PORTULACACE^.

Talinum parviflorum Nult. ; Torr. A: Gr. Fl. i. 197 (1838).

Among recks, on the south side of Buckhorn Mountain, north of ( iister. altitude
1,700 m., July 15 (No. .".09).

'Bobiusou, Proc. ^Vmer. Acad, xxix, 278 (1894).

489

Claytonia perfoliata amplectens Greeue, Fl. Fran. 179 (1891).

It is smaller than the typical C. perfoliata, has smaller flowers ami shorter pedicels;
the involucral leaves united only ou one side. It has been collected by i)r. Vasey,
iu the State of Washington, and by C. V. Piper, near Seattle, same State.

Hills, near Whitewood, altitude 1,200 m., July 7 (No. 570).

HYPERICACEiE.

Hypericum cauadense L. Sp. PI. ii, 7S5 (1753).

Low grounds, north of Custer, altitude 1,700 m., August 20 (No. 572).

MALVACEiE.

Malveopsis coccinea (Nutt.) Kuutze, Kev. (ien. PI. 72 (1891); Malva roccinea
Nutt. Fraser"s Cat. (1813).

Hillside, above Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 14 (No. 580).

LINACEiE.

Linum lewisii Pursh, Fl. i, 210 (1814).

Hillsides: Hot Springs, altitude 1,100m., June 14; Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m.,
June 29; Koehford, altitude 1,700 m., July 12; Custer, altitude 1,700 m., July 15
(No. 581).

Linum rigldum Pursh, Fl. i, 210 (1814).

Kare: Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 15 (No. 582).

GERANIACEiE.

Geranium richardsonii Fisch. & Mey. Ind. Sem. Petrop. iv, 37 (1837).

The most oonnnon species iu the Black Hills. The flowers are nearly always white
or light pinkish with purple veins. Valleys: Elk Canyon, altitude 1,300 m., June
29; Rochford, altitude 1,600 m., July 11; Sylvan Lake, altitude 2,000 m., July 21
(No. 583).

Geranium viscosissimum Fisch. & Mey. Ind. Sem. Petrop. xi, Suppl. 18 (1843);
Geranium (ncisjim Nutt. : Torr. A Graj', Fl. i, 206 (1838), not Andrews, ISot. Keii. 67
(1814).

Koehford, altitude 1,600 m.. July 11; Bull Springs, altitude 1,900 m., July 27
(No. 584).

Geranium carolinianum L. Sp. PI. ii, 682 (1753^.

Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., June 29; Whitewood, altitude 1,1UU m., July 7;
Custer, altitude 1,650 m., July 15 (No. 585).

Oxalis siaicta L. Sp. PI. i, 435 (1753).

Shady places among the foothills: Rapid Creek, altitude 1,100 ni., .June 25; Elk
Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., .luue 29 (No. 586).

CELASTRACEiE.

Celastrus scandens L. Sp. PI. i, 196 (1753).

Erect, 1 to 1.5 m. liigh; nowhere found climbing. Kai)id City, altitude 1,050 m.,
June 25; Little Elk Canyon, altitude 1,100 m., .June 28; iiCadCity, altitude 1,600 m.,
July 6 (No. 587).

RHAMNACEiE.

Ceanothus velutinus Dough; Hook. Fl. Bor. Auier. i, 125 (1830).

Not uncommon in the hills around Lead City, altitude 1,700 m., July 4 (No. .588).

Ceanothus ova tus Desf. Hist. Arl). ii, 3^1 (1809).

The common peduncles are in most cases elongated, and the leaves are thinner

lai^i— No. 8 ;j

490

than in the Nebraska specimens. Little Elk Canyon, altitude 1,100 m., June 28;
Elk C'auyou, altitude 1,200 m.. June 20; south of Lead City, altitude 1,700 m.,
July (5 (No. 580).

Ceanothus fendleri Gray, PI. Fendl. 20 (1S40).

Tills is common in the Limestone District, west of Custer. Bull f^priugs, altitude

2,000 m., .lulv 26 (No. 500).

VITACEiE

Vitis vulpiua L. Sp. PI i, 203 (1753).

liiTuiosa, altitude 1,0.50 m., June 24 ; Little Elk, altitude 1,100 m.. Juno 2S; Elk
Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., June 29 (No. 501).

Parthenocissusquinquefolia(L.) Planch, in DC. Monogr. Pliau. v, i)t. 2, 488(1887);
lltiUra (jiiiiiqiu'/oHu L. Sp. I'l. i, 202 (1753).

Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., .luue 29 (No. 592).

ACERACEiE.

Acer iiegiuido L. Sp. PI. ii, 1056 (17.5i>).

In fruit : Hot Springs, altitude 1,0.50 m., June 18 (No. 593).

ANACARDIACE^ffi.

Rhus radicans toxicodendron (L.) Pers. Syn. PI. i, 325 (1805) ; Rhus toxicodendron
L. Sp. Pl.i, 266 (1753).

Eor remarks on this form of the poison ivy, see page 152 of this volume.

In the foothills: Hermosa, altitude 1,100 m., June 28 (No, 591).

Rhus trilobata Nutt. ; Torr. & Gr., Fl. i, 219 (1838).

I found stems of this shrub 2.5 to 3 m. high and 7 to 8 cm. in diameter, and with leaf-
lets 3 to 4 cm. long. Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 11 and August 8 (No. 595).

PAPILIONACfiiE.

Thermopsis rhombifolia (Pursh) Richards. Bot. App. 737 (1823); Cytisus rhombi-
fuUa Pursh, Fl. Supi>l. 741 (1814).

Common : Custer, altitude 1,700 m., June 23 (No. 596).

Lupinus sericeus Pursh, Fl. ii, 468 (1814), var.

This is L. ornaiKS Dougl., var., of Newton & Jenney's Report. '

The Black Hills and Wyoming specimens have the Howers dark blue and the calyx
little gibbous. I think, however, they belong to this species rathir than to L. huco-
plnjUuK, with which in some cases they have been placed. Elk Canyon, altitude
1,200 m., June 29; near Bull Springs in the Limestone District, altitude 1,900 m.,
July 27 (No. 507).

Lupinus parviflorus Nutt.; Hook iV Arn. Bot. Beech. 336 (1840).

Common: Little Elk Canyon, altitude 1,100 ni., June 28; Elk Canyon, altitude
1,200 m., June 29; Lead City, altitude 1,700 m., July 4; Bull Springs, altitude 1,900 m.,
July 28 (No. 598).

Lupinus pusillus Pursh, Fl. ii, 468 (1814).

Hill near I'all lvM\er Falls, altitude l,fMX) m.. Juno 17 (No. 599).
Trifolium pratense L. Sp. PI. ii, 768 (175:>).

EsciijK-d in meadows: Bull'ah) (iap, altitmlo 975 m., June 21; Hot Springs, altitude
1,050 m., August 2 (No. 600).

Trifolium repens L. Sp. PI. ii, 767 (1753).

Meadows: Custer, altitude 1,6.50 m., August 1 (No. 601).

Lotus ameiicanus (Nutt.) Bisch. Litt. Ber. Linuiesi, xiv, 1.32(1840); Trigonella
amni(tniu Nutt. (Jen. ii, 120 (1S18).

Hills, near Whitewood, altitude 1,150 m., .Inly 7 (No, 602).

' Geol. Surv. Black Hills, 532 (1880).

491

Psoralea teuuiflora Pursh, Fl. ii, 475 (1814).

In the foothills, 15 luiles east of Custer, altitude 1,400 m., July 23 (No. 603).

Psoralea argophylla Pursh, Fl. ii, 475 (1814).

Rochfortl, altitude 1,600 m., July 12; Custer, altitude 1,650 ni., July 15; Hot
Springs, altitude 1,100 m., August 8 (Xo. 604).

Psoralea cuspidata Pursh, Fl. ii, 741 (1814).

Among the foothills: Fall Eiver Falls, altitude 1,050 ni., August 10 (No. 605).

Psoralea esculenta Pursh, Fl. ii, 475 (1814).

The specimens from Lead City are low, 7 to 10 cm. high, with obovate leaflets and
whitish flowers. Hot Springs, altitude 1,100m., June 18; Hermosa, altitude 1.050 ni.,
June 23; Lead City, altitude 1,700 m., July 4; Rochford, altitude 1,700 m., July 12
(No. 606).

Parosela enneandra (Nutt.) Britton, Mem. Torr. Club, v, 196 (1894); Dalea
enneandra Nutt. Fraser's Cat. 1813.

Among the foothills: Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., August 2 (No. 607).

Parosela aurea (Pursh) Britton, Mem. Torr. Club, v, 196 (1894); Dalea aurea
Nutt. ; Pursh, Fl. ii, 740 (1814).

Among the foothills: Hot Springs, altitude 1,1.50m., August"2 (No. 608).

Amorpha canescens Pursh, Fl. ii, 467 (1814).

Hills. 15 miles east of Custer, altitude 1,400 m., July 22; Hot Sjirings, altitude
1,100 m., August 2 (No. 609).

Amorpha fruticosa L. Sp. PI. ii, 713 (1753).

This was seen growing along French Creek and Fall River, but no specimens were
secured.

Kuhnistera purpurea (Vent.) MacMillan, Metasp. Minn. Val. 329 (1892); Dalea
purpurea Vent. Hort. Cels. t. 40 (1800).

Variable. Some of the siiecimeus are pubescent on the stem, but most of them are
glabrous and have short spikes with the calyx woolly, rather than silky. In the
Limestone District, altitude 1,900 m., July 27; Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m.,
August 2 (No. 610). Some of the specimens from the latter place have white flowers
(No. 611).

Kuhnistera Candida occidentalis Rydberg, Contr. Nat. Herb, iii, 154 (1895).

In the specimens of this collection the bracts are shorter than the calyx, in which
respect they ajjproach the variety multijlora.

Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., August 2 (No. 612).

Astragalus crassicarpus Nutt. Fraser's Cat. 1813.

Nearly all my specimens from the Black Hills have large (16 to 20 mm. long),
ochroleucous flowers, purplish only at the tip ; but without doubt they all belong
to A. crasnicai-pua. Custer, altitude 1,650 m., May 31 to June 4 (No. 613).

Astragalus sp.

The specimens are witliout pods, hence can not well bo determined. The plant
may be a form of the preceding, which it resembles, though more upright, ascending ;
racemes elongated (1.5 dm. long), flowers distant on upright pedicels, bracts about
4 mm. long, calyx apiiiessed-hairy with dark hairs; corolla dark purple. Only one
plant found, that in full bloom on Battle Mountain, east of the Hot Springs, altitude
1,200 m., June 18 (No. 614).

Astragalus platteusis Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. i, 332 (1838).

Not uncommon in the southern part of the Black Hills. Hot Springs, altitude
1,100 m., June 13. August 3 (No. 615).

Astragalus carolinianus L. Sp. PI. ii, 7.57 (18.53).

Rochford. altitude 1.70f) m., July 12; French Creek, 15 miles below Custer, altitude
1,500 m., July 23 (No. 616).

492

Astragalus adsurgeiis Pall. Astrag. 10, t. 31 (1800^ ; Antratjalus laxmanni Pall. (?),
Niitt. A. authorji, uot Jacq. Lately the uaiiie J. laxmanni Jacij.,' Las lieeu adopted
lor our Ameriiaii j)lant. Although there is uothiug in the original description that
really disagrees with our plant, yet the plate accompanying it shows that Jacquiu's
A. humanni was of a diHereut habit. The stem is very slender and decumbeut, the
leallets narrower and smaller, the heads, or rather spikes, much longer and narrower.
The pods .seem to be like those of -/. adsiinjenn, but are more truncate at the aj)ex and
have the style abriii)tly turned dorsally, making a right angle witli the jiod.- In
.1. adaunjenatho: pod acuminates into a nearly central style, which is somewhat twisted
and curved dorsally, but does not make a right angle. In the Ccdumbia College
Herbarium there is a specimen of A. laxmanni collected by A. Kegel in Turkestan,
which perfectly agrees with the figure in llortus Viudobonensis. The Mowers of this,
although of about the length of those of .1. adaunjens, are much narrower, the calyx
less than one-half the length of the claws of the petals, or with the teeth about two-
thirds their length, while in A. adaurgcns the calyx with the teeth nearly ecjuals the
claws.

Common in the region. Some specimens from Hot Springs have a more decumbent
stem and brighter blue llowers. Hot Spring.-), altitude 1,100 m., June 8; Hermosa,
altitude 1,050 m., June 22; Custer, altitude 1,700 m., July 15 (Xo. 617).

Astragalus hypoglottis L. Mant. ii, 271 (1771).

Not uncommon among the foothills: Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., .Mine 14; Her-
mosa, altitude 1,050 m., .June 22 (No. 618).

Astragalus drummondii Dougl. ; Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. i, 153 (1834).

Hills near Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., Juno 18 (No. 619).

Astragalus racemosus Pursh, Fl. ii, 740 (1814).

The corolla is ochrolcucous rather than white, and the angles of the i>od8 are
blunter than in Nebraska specimens collected in 1801. Near Fall Kiver Falls, alti-
tude 1,000 m., June 17 (No. 620).

Astragalus gracilis Nutt. Gen. ii, 100 (1818).

Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 15 (No. 573).

Astragalus microlobus Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad, vi, 203 (1864).

Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 15 (No. 621).

Astragalus aboriginum Richards. Bot. App. 746 (1823).

The fruit is membranaceous, long-stipitate, strictly l-celled, but the dors;d suture
a little indexed, straight, the ventral one curved. It was collected in fruit only,
north of Deadwood. altitude l.ijOO m., July 5 (No. 622).

Astragalus aborigimun glabriusculus (Hook.); Phaca (jUihriuacHla Hook. Fl.
Bor. Amer. i, 144 (1830).

This has generally been regarded as a distinct species, but even Hooker says, in
the original description, that it may be a variety of the preceding. The only dif-
ference I can find is that the plant is smootlier and the pod a little more curved.
The flowers are ochroleucous, the keel tipped with purple. Custer, altitude 1,700 ui.,
June 1; Kochford, altitude 1,700 m., July 12; Limestone District, altitude 2,000 m.,
July 26 (No. 623).

Astragalus alpinus L. Sp. PI. ii, 760 (1753).

'Hort. Vind. iii,22 (1776).

-There 18 a species fnmi Japan, much larger but with the same pod characters, in
the National Herbarium. This was identified by Bunge, the well-known authority
on Old World Astragali, as A. adaurf/cna, but is evnlently distinct. It clitlers in the
style, and in its more slender, less distinctly striate stem, its looser heads on peduncles
which are neither strict nor longer than the leaves. Notwithstanding Bunge's deter-
mination the ]>lant can not be A. adaurgena, this name belonging to our species, as is
plainly shown by the original plates.

493

In woods: Cnsler, altitude 1,700 m., June 3; Little Elk Canyon, altitude 1.200 ni.,
June 28; Lead t'ity, altitude 1,600 ui., July 6; Rochfoid, altitude 1,700 ui., July 11
(No. 621).

Astragalus lotiflorus Hook. Fl. Bor. Ainer. i, 152 (1834).

In nearly all the specimens of my collection the flowers are in short, capitate
racemes, but at least in some a part of the flowers are sessile, the plant thus
approaching the forma brachypufi Gray. Mr. E. P. Sheldon has raised the latter to
specific rank, but it can scarcely be regarded even as a variety, and Dr. Gray seems
to me to have disposed of it correctly.

Hot Springs, altitu<le 1,100 m., June 16 (No. 625).

Astragalus niissourlensis Nutt. Gen. ii, 99 (1818).

The specimens from the Black Hills are. like those from Nebraska, greener than the
species generally is farther south. Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 13 (No. 626).

A few specimens collected at Hermosa, altitude 1,000 m., June 23, dift'er considera-
bly from the common form. The stem is not cespitose, but ascending, less hairy;
leaflets larger, obovate ; flowers racemose or subcapitate on a long peduncle. In gen-
eral appearance, color of the flowers, etc., they resemble A. adsunjens, but the heads
are more lax, the leaflets broader, and the plant more hairy. The pubescence,
although sparser, is that of A. viissoiiriensis, so also the pod. It may lie a hybrid
between the two. which were found growing together (No. 627).

Astragalus frigidus americanus (Hook.) Wats. Ind. 193 (1878); Phaca frigida
anuricaiHi Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. i, 140 (1830).

The flowers in my specimens are light ochrolcucous. Low ground in shade: Roch-
ford, altitude 1,600 m., July 12 (No. 628).

Astragalus bisulcatus (Hook.) Gray, Pac. R. Rep. xii. bk. ii. pt. ii, 42 (1860) ; Phaca
hisukata Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. i, 145 (1834).

Plains among the foothills: Hermosa, altitude 1.000 m.. June 23 (No. 629).

Astragalus flexuosus Dougl. ; Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. i, 141 (1834), as synonym;
Phaca Jiexnosa Hook. loc. cit.

The specimens are large and decumbent. Rochfprd, altitude 1,700 m., .July 12
(No. 630).

Astragalus convallarius Gfeene, Erythea, i, 207 (1893).

Only a few slender specimens were collected. The flowers are unusually small,
ochroleucous. Bull Springs, altitude 2.000 m., July 29 (No. 631).

Astragalus tenellus Pursh, Fl. ii, 473 (1814).

Xr'.ir Bull Springs, altitude 1,900 m., Jtily 27 (No. 632).

Astragalus spatulatus Sheld, Geol. &, Nat. Hist. Surv. Minn. Bull. 9, pt. i, 22 (1894).

Prol)ably .1. simplivifolius Gray, of Newton & Jenney's Report. '

Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 13; Bull Springs, altitude 1,900 ui., .July 27
(No. 633). Near the latter place some specimens were found with 3 and 2-foliato
leaves, showing that the common form has developed by reduction. July 28 (No.
631).

Astragalus gilviflorus Sheldon. Geol. & Nat. Hist. Surv. Minn. Bull. 9, pt. i, 21
(1894).

Foothills: Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 18 (No. 635).

Spiesia viscida (Nutt.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. i, 207 (1891) ; Orijtrojyis riscida Nutt. ;
Torr. & dr. Fl. i, .341 (1838) ; Oxytropis monticola Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad, xv, 6 (1885).

My specimens dift'er from all except one of tliose named (). riscida in the National
Herbarium in being more silky and having larger, yellowish flowers in an elongated
spike. The one excepted was collected by Win. C. Cusick in Oregon, which is nearer
to the type locality of Nuttall's plant than any of the localities rejiresented by the
other specimens. NuttaU's type locality was, "near tlie sources of the Oregon"

» Geol. Surv. Black Hills, 533 (1880).

494

CC'i)liinil»ia). In the Gray ITerbariniii tliero is a poor specimen of the original
(>. rincida of Nuttall, and this resembles more my plant, which Dr. Gray Avonld have
inclnded in O. monticola (Jenney's plants from the Ulack Hills are included in the
latter), rather than in 0. visrida as understood by him.

Common around Custer, altitude 1,650 to 1,700 ni., June 5 (Xo. 636).

Spiesia lambertii (Pursh) Kuntze, Kev. Gen. PI. i, 207 (1891); Oiytropis latnbei-tii
Pursh. n. ii, 710(1814).

Hot Springs, altitude 1,1(¥) ni.. .Tune 18; Kochford, altitude 1,700 m., July 11
(No. ti:{8t.

Spiesia lambertii sericea(Nutt.) Kydberg. Hot. Snrv. Xebr. iii, 32(1894) ; Oxytropis
sericea Xutt. ; Torr. & Gr. Fl. i, 339 (1838).

All my specimens have yellow llowers. In a few the calyx is somewhat viscid, and
these can scarcely be distinguished from the preceding species except by the size.
The bracts arc narrower than in the blue-llowercd forms I have seen.

Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June KJ (Xo. ()37).

GlycyiThiza lepidota Pursh, Fl. ii, 480 (1814).

On tll<^ French Creek, 15 miles below Custer, altitude 1,400, July 22 (No. 639).

Hedysaruni americauum Hritton, Mem. Torr. Club, v, 201 (1894); Hedysantiu
(ilphiiim americanum Mx. Fl. ii, 74 (1803); H. boreale Xutt. (ien. ii, 110 (1818).

In Coulter's Manual the stamens are given as diadelphous (.5 and 1), in Gray's
Manual as di.idelphous (9 and 1) in the key, but as 5 and 1 in the description of the
genus. In all dowers investigated, they were 9 and 1, but the united stamens were
of two different lengths, every second one being shorter.

Hills: Kochford, altitude 1,700 m., July 12 (No. &10).

Vicia americana Muhl.; Willd. Sp. PI. iii, 1096 (1801).

Common: Little 121k Canyon, altitude 1,100 m., June 28; Elk Canyon, altitude
1,200 m., June 29; Lead City, altitude 1,600 m., July 6 (Xo. 641).

Vicia americana linearis (Nutt.) Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad, xi, 134 (1876); Lathyrns
InuariH Nntt. : Torr. A: Gr. Fl. i, 276 (1838).

\'. americana ami this plant grow together sparsely everywhere in Xebraska. I
have not seen any intermediate forms, but they both grade into tiie variety Iriinvalo.
Hot Springs, altitude 1,050 m., June 16 (Xo. 643).

Vicia americana truncata (Nutt.) Brewer, Bot. Cal. i, 158 (1856); nVifl inincata
Xutt.; Torr. & (ir. Fl. i, 270 (1838).

Always near water, where V. americana and F. linearis are found on the drier land.

Hot S])ring8, altitude 1,0.50 m., June 13 (Xo. 642).

Lathyrns ochroleucus Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. i., 1.59 (1833).

CoiiuMon and very luxurious in the Black Hills. It is regarded as a very good
fofbbr jdaut, and may be of economic value.

b'apid Creek, altitude 1,000 m., .June 25; Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., June 29
(No. 644).

ROSACEiE.

Prunns americana Mnrsh. Arl>. Aiiur. HI (1785).

Draws among the foothills: Minuekahta, altitude 1,275 m., August 4 (No. 645).

Prunus besseyi Bailey, Bull. Cornell Agr. Exp. Sta. 70, 261 (1894).

In tlic lootliills: Ilermosa, altitude 1,0.50 m., .Iune23; Minuekahta, altitude 1,300m.,
August I ( No. till".).

Prtinns pemisylvanica L. f. Su])]>l. 2.52 (1781).

In the Black Hills it never becomes a large tree. The largest specimens I saw
were less than 7 m. high. On the hills around Lead City, it is only a small shrub,
n«)t much taller than the jireccding, and has generally folded leaves.

Woods : Custer, altitude 1,700 to 1,800 m. ; Lead City, altitude 1,700 m., J uly 3 and 6
(Xo. 647).

495

Prunus virginiana L. Sp. PI. i, 473 (1753).

Wholly glabrous; leaves dull, ovate with acuminate base, thin, sharply serrate.
In the Black Hills only a shrub or a low tree, at ruost 6 cm. in diameter. In damp,
shaded canyons: Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 13; Sylvan Lake, altitude
2,000 m., July 18 (Xo. 648).

Prunus demissa (Xutt.) Walp. Rep. ii, 10 (1843); Cerasus demiasa 'Sntt.; Torr. &
Gr. Fl. i, 411 (1840).

I include under this two forms. One is the common chokecherry of the western
plains. It is generally glabrous; leases oval with truncate or even cuneatc base,
thick, pale beneath. It dift'ers from P. virginiana in the much thicker leaves and
sweeter fruit. Wherever I have seen it, it is a small tree — that is, it has one prin-
cipal stem, with a rounded top. It has been named P. demissa, although I doubt
whether it is identical with the original. Eochford, altitude 1,600 m., July 12 (No.
649).

The other form has the young shoots, peduncles, and lower surface of the leaves
pubescent, and even a little viscid, glabrate in age; leaves thick, shining above,
paler beneath, elliptical or Itroadly oval, abruptly pointed or obtuse; base truncate
or slightly cordate, or sometimes somewhat ctmeate; flowers larger than in the pre-
ceding two. A low shrub, generally a few meters high. The largest stem I saw was
about 5 cm. in diameter, with heartwood fully as dark as in /'. serofina. It was
growing in the same canyon as P. virginiana, from which it was easily distinguished.
Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 13 and August 8 (No. 650).

Spiraea lucida Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. i, 172 (1833), as synonym; S. hetuli-
folia Hook. loc. cit., not Pall.

Professor Greene ' has separated the American species from the Asiatic.

Rapid City, altitude 1,000 m., June 25; Little Elk, altitude 1,100 m., June 28;
Lead City, altitude 1,600 m., July 6 (No. 651).

Luetkea caespitosa (Xutt.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. i, 217 (1891); Spira'a cwspiiosa
Nutt. ; Torr. *fe Gr. Fl. i, 418 (1840).

Neither flowers nor fruit were found. The plant was growing on the hills around
Little Elk, altitude 1,300 m., June 28 (No. 6.52).

Opulaster opulifoUus (L.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. ii, 949 (1891), var. ; Spira-a opulifo-
/iaL. Sp. PI. i,489 (1753).

My specimens from northern Nebraska and those I have seen from Colorado dift'er
from the Opulaster opuIifoUns of the eastern United States in having pubescent ova-
ries. The pubescence remains, partly at least, until maturity, while in the eastern
form the fruits are smooth and shining. The ovaries are generally only three, and
the leaves smaller and more rounded in outline. This form seems to connect this
species and the following. Seeds oblir^uely pear-shaped, shining, carinate on one
side.

In the lower parts of the Hills near water. Rapid Creek, altitude 1,100 m., June
25; French Creek, 10 miles below Custer, altitude 1,500 m., June 22; Hot Springs,
altitude 1,050 m., August 2 (No. 653).

Opulaster mouogyna- (Torr.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. ii, 949 (1891); Spinva
mouogijna Torr. Ann. Lye. X. Y. ii, 1892 (1827).

Very shrubby, 3 to 6 dm. high; leaves small, about 2.5 cm. long, round in out-
line, deeply 3 to 5 cleft, teeth sharper than in the preceding; flowers half the size,
ovaries mostly 2, very woolly. The leaves are perfectly smooth, in this point dis-
agreeing with the description of Xeillia torreyi, but otherwise agreeing with the

•Pittonia, ii, 221.

-Thus named l)y Professor Greene. 1 have seen specimens of an Opulaster, col-
lected by Dr. Sandberg in Idaho, which fits the description of Spirwa monoggna Torr.,
loc. cit., even as to the number of the carpels. This differs as much from my 8i)eci-
mens as does Opulaster opulifolia.

496

type specimens. It also tlisagrces in several ]>oiuts with the ilescriiition of Professor
(ireeiie, espi'cially in the size of the liowt-rs. Terhaps all tlio Opulasters of North
America are but one very variable species.

Hills nt-ar Harneys Peak, altitude 2, 1(X) ni.. July 21. Au-iust 17 (No. t!54).

Rubus parviflorus Nutt. Gen. i. :W8 (1818).

Not uncommon: Elk Canyon, altitude 1,;>(>0 m.. June 2!t; Lead City, altitude
1.600 m., July 1 (No. 655).

Rubus americanus (Pers.) Britton. Mem. Tnrr. Club. v. ISTt (1891) ; Hiifius naxaiilis
amrriaiiiiis Pits. Syn. ii, 52 (1807).

Canyon north of Runkels, altitude 1,:>00 m.. .luue 30; Lead City, altitude 1,6(M) m.,
July 1 (No. (;:.()).

Rubus strigosus 3Ix. Fl. i, 297 (1803).

Little Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m.. June 28; Elk Canyon, altitud.- ^,^^0(^ ui,. Juno
29: l^ochford. altitude 1,700 m., July 12 (No. 657).

Cercocarpus parvifolius Nutt. ; Hook. & Am. Hot. Beech. Suppl. 337 (1841).

^'. ry rare : Hot S]>ring8, altitude 1,100 ra.. June 13 (No. 658).

Geum strictuni Ait. llort. Kew. ii, 217 (1789).

Lead City, altitude 1,600 ni., July 6 (No. 659).

Geum macrophyllum Willd. Euum. i, 557 (1809).

I think this Avonld better be regarded as a variety of the preceding. Ra])id City,
altitude 1,0.".0 m., June 25; Eochford, altitude 1,6(X) ni.. July 11 (No. 1206).

Geum ciliatum Pursh, Fl. i, 352 (1814).

This name precedes G. trijlorum in Pursh's Flora.' Common: Cnster, altitude
1,700 m.. May 28; Elk Canyon, altitude l,2fX) m., June 29; Lead City, altitude
1,600 m., July 1 (No. 660.)

Fragaria virgiuiaua Duchesne, Hist. Nat. Frais. 201 (1766).

A low, small-leafed form, collected early in the spring. Custer, altitude 1.650 m.,
June 1 (No. 661).

Fragaria vesca americana Porter, Bull. Torr. Club, xvii, 15 (1890).

Custer, altitude 1,700 m., June 6; Hot .Springs, altitude 1,100 m., .lujio 14 : Rapid
City, altitude 1,000 m., June 25; in fruit, Custer, August 20 (No. 662).

A slender form with very tliin, cuneate, narrow leaves, 3 times as long .as broad,
toothed towards the apex, the peduncles slender, about the length of the leaves, was
collected near Sylvan Lake, altitude 1,900 m., July 18 (No. 663).

Potentilla arguta Pursh, Fl. ii, 736 (1814).

The llowers ajtpear to be always white, but they turn yellow in drying. Hills:
Hormosa, altitude 1,100 m., June 22; Lead City, altitude 1,700 m.. July 6 (No. 66^1).

Potentilla glandulosa Lindl. Bot. Reg. xix, t. 1583 (1833).

In this the llowers are light yellow, the cyme more difluse than usual. Hills:
Rochford, altitude 1,700 m., July 12 (No. (i65).

Potentilla monspeliensis L. Sp. PI. i, 499 (1753).

This includes /'. nomgiai L. described lower on the same page. Hot Springs,
altitude 1,050 ni., June 14 ; Hermosa, June 22; Rajiid City, altitude 1.000 ni., June 25;
Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 ni., June 29; Rochford, altitude 1,600 m., July 11. The
specimens from the latter place are very slender and .approach P. riralis (No. 666).

Potentilla pennsylvanica strigosa Pursh, Fl. i, 3.56 ( 1814).

Common : Hermosa, allitude 1, (•.">() m., June 23; Rochford, altitude 1,700m., July 11;
Cnster, filtitnde 1,625 m., August 13 (No. 667).

Potentilla hippiaua Lehm. Nov. Stirp. Pug. ii, 7 (18.30).

Rochford, altitude 1,600 m., July 12; Custer, altitude 1.650 m., July 18 (No. 668).
These epecinieus seem to be typical, agreeing fully with the description and plate in

' Pursh, Fl. ii, 736.

497

Hooker's J'lora, excejit that tbe branches of the ('vuie are more upright and the calyx
lobes longer. A slender form ajiproacbing /'. efusa was collected at Bull Springs,
July 26 (No. 669).

Potentilla hippiaua diffusa (Gray) Lebm. Add. lud. Hort. Ilaml.. 8(1849); P.
■ diffusa Gray, PI. Fendl. 41 (1849).

Custer, 1,650 m., August 13 (No. 669^).

Potentilla gracilis Dougl, ; Hook. Bot. Jlag. Ivii, t. 2984 (1830).

This plant has always been regarded as P. {/rariUs Dougl., but there is a specimen
so labeled, collected by Mr. Douglas at Puget Sound, in the Columbia College her-
barium, and it seems quite different.

Lead City, altitude 1,700 m., July 4; Rochford. altitude 1,600 m., July 12 (No. 670).

Potentilla gracilis fastigiata (Nutt.) Wats. Proc Amer. Acad, viii, .557 (1873);
r. fastujiata Nutt. ; Torr. & Gr. Fl. i, 440 (1838).

b'ochford, altitude 1,550 m., July 11 (No. 671).

Potentilla nivea dissecta Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad, viii, 559 (1873).

This form was included in Dr. Watson's variety, bitt it seems to have very little
relationshiji to P. nivea. It appears to be connected rather with P. concinna humis-
slrafa and forms of P. gracilis. The name should also be changed, as there is &V
older r. dissecta Pursh. It will be left, however, in the present form until its rela-
tionship is settled.

Rare: Hot Springs, altitudr 1,100 m., June 11 (No. 672).

Potentilla concinna Richards. App. Frankl. Journ. ed. 2, 20 (1823).

Custer, altitude 1,650 m., June 3 (No. 673).

Potentilla concinna humistrata, uom. nov. ; P. concinna humifusa (Nutt.) Lehm.
Rev. Pot. 112 (1856) ; F. humifusa Nutt. Gen. i, 310 (1818), not Willd. ; Schlecht. Gesell.
Naturf. Freunde Berlin Mag. vii. 289 (1813).

Hills north of Deadwood, altitude 1,500 m., July 5 (No. 673i).

Potentilla fruticosa L. Sp. PI. i, 495 (1753).

Dry hills and mountain sides: Elk Canyon, altitude 1,300 m., June 29; Rochford,
altitude 1,700 m., July 12 (No. 674).

Agrimonia striata Mx. Fl. i, 287 (1803).

Custer, altitude 1,6.50 m., July 18; Rochford, altitude 1,600 m., July 12 (No. 675).

Rosa engelmanni AVats. Gard. & For. ii, 376 (1889).

Common in tbe Black Hills: Little Elk CJanyon, altitude 1,100 m., Jnne28; Lead
City, July 4; Rochford, July 12; Custer, altitude 1,700 m., August 19 (No. 676).

Rosa woodsii Lindl. Ros. Monogr. 21 (1820).

The sepals arc. however, seldom lobed. A character so unstable, should never be
used to distinguish the ro.ses.' Hot Springs, altitude 1,050 m., July 17; Hermosa,
altitude 1,000 in., June 24 ; Little Elk Canyon, altitude 1,100 m., June 27 (No. 677).

Rosa arkansana Porter, Port. & Coult. Fl. Col. 38 (1874).

I thought at first that this must be a form of B. liumilis, as the sepals are deciduous,
but the leaflets are different; there are no infrastipular .spines, and tlie calyx is not
setose. It agrees bet>t with R. arkansana, except as to the deciduous sepals. A very
low shrub, only 1 to 2 dm. high, growing on a very dry hill near Hermosa, altitude
1,100 m., .lune 23 (No. 678).

Crataegus macrantha Lodd. ; Loud. Arb. ».V Frut. ed. 2, ii, 819 (1851).

Among the foothills: Hermosa, .nltitude 1,100 ni., June 23; canyon north of Run-
kels, altitude 1,300 m., June .30 (No. 679).

Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt. ; Torr. &. Gr. IT. i, 473 (1840), as synonym; Aronia
alni folia Nutt. Gen. i, 306 (1818).

' The character is not given in the original description (Lindley, on the contrary,
states that the sepals are entire) and seems to have been added by Dr. Watson.

498

Leaves densely white-woolly lioinath when young, hnt wholly glabrous when
mature. The leaves of my specimens are UTiusnally thin. Custer, altitude 1,70() m.,
June 5 and .Inly lij; Hermosa, altitude 1,100 m.,.Iuno 24; Elk Canyon, altitude 1,300
m.. .lune L'9 (No. r.80).

Sorbus sambucifolia (Cham. «.V Schlecht. ) Kn-m. Syn. Mon. iii, 39 (1?<47); Cham.
A- Schlecht. Linuiea, ii. 36 (1827).

-Vtu'ording to Mr. Kunkel, an enterprising lumberman, this is growing in a canyon
on the roail between Rnnkel's sawmills and Sturgis, I did not see any specimens in
the r.laok Hills.

SAXIFRAGACEiE.

Saxifraga cernua I.. J>p. PI. i. 103 (1753).

A few slender s)>ecimens iii bud, eollected al)ove .'>ylv;in Lake, iiltitude 2,000 nj.,
July 8 (No. fiSl).

Tellima parviflora Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. i, 239 (1833).

Rare: Custer, altitude 1,700 mi., .lune 4; west of Lead City, altitude 1,800 m.,
July 4 (NO.G82).

Heiichera hispida Tursli. Fl. i. 1S8 (1S14).

Common: Hot Sjirings, altitude 1,100 m., .luno 8; Roehtbrd, altitiule 1,700 m.,
July 12 (No.r>S3).

Heuchera parvifolia Nutt. ; Torr. & Gr. Fl. i, 581 (1840).

( )nly one specimen secured at Rochford, altitude 1,700 m., .Inly 12 (No. 084).

Parnassia parviflora DC. Prodr. i, 320 (1824).

P^reneh Creek, below Custer, altitude 1,600 m., August 1 (No. 685).

Ribes setosum Lindl. Trans. Ilort. Soc. vii. 243 (1830).

lliis agrees with the description, also by Lindley, in the Botanical Register,'
except that the berries are rarely bristly. Dr. Gray says, in the American Natural-
ist:- "The young berries, either perfectly smooth and naked, or beset with a few
bri.stly prickles.'' It has been taken for /». oxijcanthoules L. {Ii. hirtellum Mx.). from
which it differs in that the leaves are finely pubescent, the calyx cylindrical and
longer than the lobes. The bush is generally more spiny and prickly, and the berry
sometimes a little bristly, dark purple, and extremely sour even when ripe. I'' has
been found in northAvestern Nebraska by Professor Swezey, of the Uuiversit ' of
Nebraska, who was the first to recognize it as K. sctositm Lin<ll.

Most specimens in herbaria under the name 7i'. xctoKitm are not 7^. xeiosum of Lind-
ley, but of Gray,' which is a variety of A', hiciintre Poir. or a related species. It
resembles 7i'. setosum Lindl. somewhat in general h;ibit. but the llowers and fruit are
different.

Very common in the lilack Hills: Custer, jiltitude 1,7<K» to l.i'OO m.. May L".'; in
fruit, Minnekahta, altitude 1,300 m., August 5 (No. 686).

Ribes oxycanthoides L. S]>. PI. i, 201 (1753), var.

I ])lai e tliis )d:int doubtfully with this species, from which if difiers in the longer
peduncles and the longer calyx tube. It may also be a form of the preceding, but is
nearly without thorns. The leaves are more deei>ly deft, with acutisli lobes, smooth
and shining above, finely .mil sparingly ]iubescent beneath, in form resembling some-
what those of I,', tnneum. The (lowers are as in /»'. mlosum, \. e., the ealyx eylindrical,
a little longer than the narrowly oblong calyx lobes; spines and bristles very rare
and small : jietioles cili.ited by a few fine-fringed bristles. Immature fruit smooth,
yellowish; mature fruit not seen. The stem and leaves of /»'. aurnim, with the
pubescence and llowers of I{. setosum, would fairly represent uiy plant, which may,
perhaps, be a hybrid between the two.

' XV, t, 1237(1829).

«x.271 (1876),

"Proc. Amer. Aea<i. viii,:«3 (1872).

499

Only two small bushes seen iu a shady place below Sylvan Lake, altitude 1,900 in.,
July 18 (No. 687).

Ribes lacustre (Pers.) Poir. Encycl. Supiil. ii, 8.56 (1811); Rihcs oxi/cavthoides
lacnsirc Pers. Syn. i, 252 (1805).

In shady, damp places; not common: South of Lead City, altitude 1,500m., July
6; Sylvan Lake, altitude 1,900 m.. August 17, (No. 688).

Ribes cereum Dougl. Trans. Hort. See. Lend, vii, 512 (1830).

In Coulter's Manual and in the Botany of California this species has been placed
in the wrong section, as the calyx is tubular and the foliage glandular. In the
Botany of California the form of the calyx is given in the description of the species,
but in Coulter's Manual this is oraraitted. Specimons collected in flower, therefore,
have been named E. fiaiigiiineum varieyatum.

Common : Custer, altitude 1,700 to 1,800, June 11 ; 15 miles oast of tlie same place,
altitude 1,400 m., July 23 (No. 689).

Ribes aureum Pursh, Fl. i, 164 (1814).

In the foothills: Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., .Tune 11 and August 3; Fall River
Falls, altitude 1,000 m., June 17 (No. 690).

CRASSULACEiE.

Sedum stenopetalum Pursh, Fl. i, 324 (1814).

It is nearly always more or less branched from the root. On rocky hills: Pied-
mont, altitude 1,100 m., June 27; Lead City, altitude 1,700 m., July 6; Buckhorn
Mountain, near Custer, altitude 1,800 m., July 18 (No. 691).

HALORAGIDACEiE.

Callitriche palustris L. Sp. PI. ii, 969 (1753).

I mistook this for FJaiine americana, which the plant very much resembles. Com-
mon in springs and brooks ; spring, near Buckhorn Mountain, altitude 1,700 m., July
15; brook, 6 miles northwest of Custer, July 25 (No. 571).

ONAGRACEiE.

Epilobium angustifolium L. Sp. PI. i, 347 (1753).

Woody hills: Itochford, altitude 1,700 m., July 11; Sips Spring, in the Limestone
District, altitude 1,800 m., July 28 (No. 692).

Epilobium Uneare Muhl. Cat. 39 (1813).

The leaves are often opposite and are acutish, short-petioled, and without veins.
In a marsh near Priugle, altitude 1,500 m., August 6 (No. 693).

Epilobium palustre L. Sp. PI. i, 348 (1750).

This was named thus doubtfully by Dr. William Trelease. In his letter respecting
the 8]tecimens submitted he adds: "However, they are pretty clearly that species,
or possibly a hybrid of Uneare, with the leaves broadened by hy bridity." The latter
seems to be the case. They are, very likely, hybrids of the preceding and E. adeno-
eaiilon, together with which two they were growing. After a careful search in the
marsh, I could not find more than four specimens, nor did I see it elsewhere in
the Hills. Priugle, altitude 1,.500 m., August 6 (No. 694).

Epilobium adenocaulon Ilaussk. Oest. Bot. Zeitsch. 110 (1879).

Two forms wi-rt-. collected. One is branched, with smalhu', more dentate leaves,
approaching E. coloratiim in general habit. Priugle, altitiule l,5l>0 m., August 6
(No. 695).

The other is simple, with larger oliloug-ovale leaves Hochford, altitude 1,()00 ra.,
July 11 ; Custer, altitude 1,600 m., July 14; Hot Springs, altitude 1,050 m., August 8
(No. 696).

500

Epilobium drummondii Ihmssk. Monogr. Gatt. Kpil. 271 (1884).

Two forms Aveiv met with. One was tall, sometimes 5 iliii. lii.!j;li, stringy, with nar-
row leaves: Rocliford, altitude 1,700 m., July 12 (No. 697). The other was lower,
with hroadir. ovatc-laneeolate leaves siuiiatdy toothed, sessile and half-clasping.
Si]>8 Spring, in the Limestone District, altitude 1,800 ni., July 28 (No. 698).

Epilobium hornemanni Reicheub. Icon. Crit. ii, 73 (1824).

Only a few depauperate plants collected at Sips Spring togetiur witli thojtreceding
(No. 699).

Epilobium paniculatum Nutt. ; Torr. «.V: Gr. I'l. i, 4!tO (1840).

Custer, altitude l,70()iu., August 21 (No. 574).

Gayophytiim ramosissimuni Torr. ».V Gr. Fl. i,.">13 (1840).

Hills: Kochford, altitude 1,700 m., July 12; Hull Springs, altitude 1,900 m., .Inly 26
(No. 700).

CEnothera biennis L. Sp. Tl. i, 346 (1753).

This is evidiiitly native in western Nebraska, as well as \n the Black Hills. In
geiu'ral habit it differs nuich from (>. hieiniis of Europe. Rocliford, altitude 1,600 m.,
July 11 (No. 701).

Another form, somewhat like the preceding, but not strigose, was also found. The
pul)escence is fine, silky, appressed ; radical leaves many, obovate, about 2.5 cm. long;
calyx tube nearly 4 cm. long, lobes linear-lanceolate about 1.25 cm. long; petals
broadly obovate; pod linear-oblong, only a little narrower upward. Custer, alti-
tude 1,700 m., July 15 (No. 702).

CEnothera simiata L. Maut. 228 (1767).

Only a few small specimens secured at Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., .Tune 14
(No. 7o:5).

CEnothera albicaulis Pursli, Fl. ii, 733 (1814), not Nutt.; (K. pinnatifida Nutt.
Gen. 1,245(1818).

The plant is very variable: Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 16; Hermosa,
altitude 1,000 m., June 23 ; Custer, altitude 1,700 ni., July 16 (No. 704).

CEnothera pallida leptophylla (Nutt.) Torr. A Gr. Fl. i, 495 (1838) ; (E. leptophi/Ua
Nutt.; Torr. A. (Jr. loc. cit., as synonym; O!. alhicauUa Nutt. Gen. i, 245 (1818), not
Pursh.

The ty])ical (K. paJVula has more or less runcinate-tootlied leaves. Hndvcii soil:
Custer, altitude 1,700 m.. July 15 (No. 705).

CEnothera coronopifolia Torr. & Gr. Fl. i, 495 (1840).

Sandy soil: Custer, altitude 1,700 m., June 4; Hot Springs, jilritude 1.100 m.,
June 15 (No. 706).

CEnothera caespitosa Nutt. Eraser's Cat. (1813).

Battle Mountain, cast of Hot Springs, altitude 1,200 m., June 15 (No. 707).

CEnothera serrulata Nutt. Gen. i, 246 (1818). '

Fall River Falls, altitude 1,000 ni., June 17; Rapid City, altitude 1,0.".() m., .Iune25;
Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., June 29 (No. 708).

Gaura coccinea Pursh, Fl. ii, 733 (1814).

Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 13 (No. 700).

A form, jiei fectly smooth, with white bark which ])cels olf lik(^ (hat of (I'.iiothrra
palliila, was collected at Cluster, altitude 1,700 m., July 15 (No. 710). Iliis form is
alFo found in western Nebraska, where T ccdlected it in 1890 and 1891.

Gaura parviflgra Dougl.; Hook. Fl. IJor. Amer. i, 208 (1834).

Hot Springs, altitude 1,050 m., August 2 (No. 711).

'Gray includes in liis list, in Newton A- Jenney's Report, also <J:. chri/mntha Mx.
(G-'.pumila), which must be an error, as that ])laut is strictly an Atlantic coast spe-
cies.

501

CirCcea alpina L. Sp. PL i, 9 (1753).

The specimens have less toothed leaves than usually, suggesting C. paciftca; but
evidently they are not distinct from ('. aJpina. Shaded, damp place at the foot of
Buckhorn Mountain, altitude 1,700 m., July 16 (No. 712).

LOASACE^.

Mentzelia decapetala (Pursh) Urban &. Gilg, in Eugler and Prantl. Nat. Pti. iii
Teil, 6 Abt. a, 111 (1894); Bartonia deoajietala Pursh; Sims, Bot. Mag. xxxvi, t. 1487
(1812).

Bartonia oniala ' is two years later and must give wny to the older name. Rare:
Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., August 9 (No. 713).

Mentzelia nuda (Pursh) Torr. & Gr. Fl. i, 535 (1840); Bartonia nitda Pursh, Fl. i,
328 (1814).

Rare: Hot Springs, altitude 1,050 m., August 3 (No. 714).

Mentzelia oligosperma Nutt. ; Sims, Bot. Mag. xlii, t. 1760 (1815).

This was collected by Albert F. AVoods near Hot Springs, but was not obtained by
tho writer.

CACTACEiE.

Cactus missouriensis (Sweet) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. i, 2.59 (1891); Mamillaria
misaouriensia Sweet, Hort. Brit. 171 (1827).

Custer, altitude 1,650 m., June 4; Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 15 (No. 715).

Opuntia humifusa Raf. Ann. Nat. 15 (1820); O. rafinesquii Engelm. Pac. R. Rep.
iv, 41 (1854).

Hills, 15 miles east of Custer, altitude 1,400 m., July 23 (No. 716).

Opuntia fragilis (Nutt.) Haw. Syn. PI. Succ. Suppl. 82 (1819); Cactus fraijilis
Nutt. Gen. i, 290 (1818).
Plant only, collected near Minnekahta, altitude 1,300 m., August 5 (No. 717).

UMBELLIFERiE.

Adorium tenuifolium (Nutt.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. i, 264 (1891) ; Munenium tenui-
folium Nutt. ; Torr. & Gr. Fl. i, 642 (1840).

\'ery variable iu size, according to the locality. The specimens from Custer,
altitude 1,700 ni., June 4 and August 1, seem to be typical, therefore like those of
western Nebraska. Those from Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 13, growing in
a more shaded locality, among gypsum rocks, are large with more striate scape.
Those from the exposed granite rocks near Harneys Peak, altitude 2,200 m., June 8,
are tufted, very low and delicate (No. 718).

Adorium hookeri (Torr. & Gr.) ; Musenium divaricatum hooker i Torr. & Gr. Fl. i,
642 (1840) ; Musenium trachijspermum Nutt. ; Torr. «fc Gr., loo. cit., lower on tho page.

Hermosa, altitude 1,000 m., June 22 (No. 719).

Carum carui L. Sp. PI. i, 263 (1753).

The ribs of the fruit have each a bundle of strengthening cells and a small oil
tube, a fact tliat I have not seen pointed out.

Near a small brook, 3 miles north of Dcadwood, altitude 1,400 m., July 5 (No. 720).

Carum gairdneri (Nutt.) Benth. & Hook. Gen. PI. i, 891 (1867) ; Kdoamia gairdneri
Nntt. ; Torr. it Gr. Fl. i, 612 (1840).

This is included in Gray's list, iu Newton &- Jenney's Report,^ but uospe<'imens
have been seen by tlie author from the rpgion.

'Pursh, Fl. 1,326(1814).

«Geol. Surv. Black Hills, 533 (1880).

502

Zizia cordata (Walt.) Kocli, (icii. Trib. PI. Umb. 129 (1825); Smyrniiim cordatum
Walt. Fl. Ciir. 114 (1788).

This is tbo Tha><pii(m tri/oliatiim of Newton «.t Jeniuy's Report.

C'ustiT, altitude l,(i.")0 111., June 2; Little Klk Canyon, altitude 1,1(M) iii., June 28;
Klk Canyon, altitude 1,2U0 m., June 29 (No. 721).

Berula erecta (Hud?.) Coville, Contr. Nat. Herb. i\ , 115 (1893) ; Siinn erectum lluda.
Fl. Au<,'l. in.S (1762).

Hot Sprinj^s, altitude 1,050 in., Au-^ust 10 (No. 722).

Cicuta virosa maculata (L.) Coult. A Kose, Rev. T^nib. 130 (1888); Cictila macii-
lala L. Sp. ri. i, 2.".li (^n.")!?).

Little Elk Canyon, altitude 1,100 m., June 28 (No. 723).

Osmorrhiza nuda Torr. Pac. R. Rep. iv, 93 (1856). ,

Elk Canyon, altitude 1,300 ni., June 29; Lead City, altitude 1,600 ni., July 6
(No. 724).

Osmorrhiza aristata (Thunb.) Rydberg, ]?ot. Surv. Neb. iii, 37 (1894); Charophyl-
him aristatitm Thunb. Fl. Jap. 119 (1784); O. lom/htylia DC. Prodr. iv, 232 (1830).

Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., June 29; Lead City, altitude 1,600 m., July 6; Hot
Springs, altitude 1,100 m., (No. 725).

Cymopterus montanus Torr. &, Gr. Fl. i, 624 (1840).

In fniit only: Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 14 (No. 726).

Cymopterus acaulis (Pur.sh) Kydberg, IJot. Surv. Neb. iii, 38 (1894); SeUnutn
atfl i(/t'Pursb, Fl. ii, 732 (1814); Thnpsm (jhmerata Nutt. Gen. i, 184 (1818).

Only one specimen, collected -while the train stopped at Edgoniont, altitude
1,053 m.. May 27 (No. 727).

Peucedauum villosum Nutt. ; "Wats. Bot. King Surv. v, 131 (1871).

Very coninion around Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 13 (No. 728)

Pastiuaca sativa L. Sp. PI. i, 262 (1753).

Escaped, along Rapid Creek, 6 miles above Rapid City, altitude 1,100 m., July 25
(No. 729).

Heracleum lanatum Mx. Fl. Bor. Anier. i, 1(56 (1803).

Rapid Creek above Rapid City, altitude 1,100 m., June 25; Little Klk, altitude
1,100 m., June 28 (No. 730).

Sanicula canadensis L. Sp. PI. i, 2.35 (1753).

Elk ( anyon. altitude 1,200 m., June 29; Lead City, altitude 1,600 ui., July 6
(No. 731.)

ARALIACEiE.

Aralia nudicaulis L. Sp. PI. i, 274 (1753).

Little Klk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., .Mine 28; Elk Canyon, altitude 1.300 m.,
June 29; Lead City, altitude 1,700 m., July 6; Custer, altitude 1,600 in.. August 15
(No. 732).

At one jilace in Little Elk Canyon all specimens dillcrod from tbo usual form in
being lower, tlie leaves being only 2 dm. or less long, while in the ordinary form they
are 3 dm. ; the umbels 1 to 4 on erect branches (in the ordinary form they are more
or less spreading) ; tlowers larger and blooming before the leaves are fully developed.
(No. 733).

CORNACE^.

CoruuB cauadensis L. Sp. I'l. i, 118 (1753).

Lead City, altitude 1,»)<K) m., .Inly 4; Sylvan Lake, altitude 2,<K)0 m., August 17
(No. 734).

Cornus baileyi Coult. A: Evans, Hot. Gaz. xv, 37 (1890).

I r< 1. T tliJN litre witli iloubt, as I did not see it in fruit. Tlie pubescence of the
peduncles is woolly, and that of the lower surface of the leaves is more or less mixed

503

with woolly hairs. The leaves are narrower than in the next, of which it may be
a more hairy variety, and the bark of the branches is browner and pubescent. It
may also be a narrow-leafed form of C.jytibescens.

Little Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., June 28; Rochford, altitude 1,700 m., .July 11
(No. 735).

Cornus stolouifera Mx. Fl. i, 92 (1803).

The bark is purplish red. the pubescence silky. In fruit only : Sylvan Lake, alti-
tude 1,900 m., August 17 (No. 736).

CAPRIFOLIACEiE.

Adoxa moschetellina L. Sp. PI. i, 367 (1753).

Only a few small specimens in hud were secured, below Sylvan Lake, altitude
2,000 m., June 3, and a few in fruit, badly damaged by rust, under a rock near Sips
Spring, in the Limestone District, altitude 1,900 m., July 28 (No. 737).

Sambucus racemosa L. Sp. PI. i, 270 (1753).

Three forms belonging here were collected. In one the annual shoot and the
peduncles are more or less roughish-pubescent and warty ; leaves oblong-lanceolate,
long acuminate, closely serrate; cyme many-dowered, roundish. The mature fruit
was not seen. The cyme resembles that of S. melanocarpa, but the leaves are more
like those of .S^. racemosa and the flowers are " dull white, drying brownish." Canyon,
north of Runkels, altitude 1,300 m., July 30; Custer, altitude 1,700 m., July 14
(No. 738).

A form which I think is more typical has the shoots perfectly smooth and light
colored, leaflets ovate-lanceolate with shorter acuminatioii, cyme longer, but smaller;
fruit bright red as in Shepherdia argentea. Sylvan Lake, altitude 2,000 m., August 17
(No. 739).

Together with this form was another in every respect like it, except that the ber-
ries were amber yellow, resembling and being the analogue of the amber-colored
variety of Shepherdia growing in western Nebraska (No. 740).

Viburnum opulus L. Sp. PI. i, 268 (1753).

Canyon north of Runkels, altitude 1,300 m., June 30 (No. 741).

Viburnum lentago L. Sp. PL i, 268 (1753).

The margined petioles are often rufous-pubescent as they should be in V. pruni-
folium, which is said to grow in the Black Hills. I think, however, that this has
been mistaken for that. Little Elk, altitude 1,200 m., June 28; Runkels, altitude
1,300 m., June 30 (No. 742).

Linnaea borealis L. Sp. PL ii, 631 (1753).

Common in the Northern Hills, but also seen in the Harney Range. Elk Canyon,
altitude 1,200 ni.. June 29; Lead City, altitude 1,600 m., July 6 (No. 743).

Symphoricarpos racemosus pauciflorus Robbius, Gray, Man. ed. 5, 203 (1867).

Common: Little Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., June 28; Elk Canyon, altitude
1,300 m., June' 29; Lead City, altitude 1,600 m., July 6; Rochford, altitude 1,700 m.,
July 12 (No. 744).

Symphoricarpos occidentalis Hook. Fl. Bor. Anier. i, 285 (1834).

Very variable; Mowers few or many; style glabrous or sparsely villose; stout or
slender; leaves entire or lobed, large and thick or small and thin. Some forms
approaching the preceding. Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., June 29; Hot Springs,
altitude 1,100 m., August 9; Custer, altitude 1,700 m., August 12 (No. 745).

A form with thin, ovate, acute or acuminate, or even pointed leaves, and a thin,
less bearded corolla was collected at the last place, August 19 (No. 746). The same
has been collected by Dr. Chas. E. Bessey in Colorado.

Lonicera hirsuta glaucescens, var. nov. ; Lonicera parviflora var. ? Torr. &, Gr.
Fl. ii, 7 (1840), partly; Lonicera douglasii Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. i, 282 (1833) (?), not
Caprifolium douglasii Liudl. Trans. Hort. Soc. vii, 244, which is L. hirsuta proper.

504

Leaves 3 to 5 cm. loiii^ ami 1.5 to 3 cm. wide, smooth above, slightly glaucous
beneath, uot tiliate, guuerally ouly the ui>i)er iiair connate; corolla about 1..") cm.
long, pul>esceut on the outside, strongly gibbose at the base of the tube, yellow,
changing into reddish; stem smooth; bark lirst green, afterwards grayish straw-
colored, more or less shreddy.

It ditlers from the true L. hirsnta in the smaller leaves, which are perfectly smooth
above and decidedly glaucous beneath (in L. hirsula they are seldom glaucous), in the
coroUa, which is more gibbose, and in the smooth aud shreddy stem. It may be a
distinct species. It resembles somewhat L. glaucu, from which it diftors in the longer,
hairy, and gibbose corolla. It is sometimes a low shrub, sometimes high-cljmbiiig.
The only .sijecimen in the National Herbarium, exeejjt those from the Black Hills,
was ecdlected by S. M. Tracy in the Koeky Mount;iins in 1888 (no locality given).
In tlie herbarium of Harvard University are the following specimens: In Dr. Gray's
collections, a fragmentary one labeled ' Lonicera donglasii Fl. Bor. Am. Hooker misit
January, 1835;" and another labeled '' L. hirsula var. donglabii Hooker approaching
ylauva.'' The others were probably received later, as there are no indications that
Dr. Gray had ever studied them, \\z: Lonicera glanca Hill, Agricultural College,
Ingham County, Mich., 1860 (no collector given) ; Ex. Herb, Thurber, coll. T. J. Hale,
Lonicera (lonr/laaii DC. hab. Ripon, Wis., 1861 ; 150 Lonicera hirstila (L. douglasii Hook).
"EiverThat Turns," July 13, 187!1, coll. J. Macoun, F. L. S. Railway Survey ; 9G.I Herb,
of Wm. Werner, Lonicera glanca Hill [corrected to], L. hirsuta Eaton, Paiuesville,
Ohio, 1890; Herb. L. H. Bailey, jr., Lonicera glanca Hill, Lansing, Mich., 1886.

Little Elk, altitude 1,200 m., June 28; Lead City, altitude 1,600 m., July 6
(No. 717).

RUBIACEiE.

Galium aparine L. Sp. PI. i, 108 (1753).

Hot Springs, altitude 1,050 m., June 13 (No. 748).

Galium triflorum Mx. Fl. i, 80 (1803).

Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., June 29; Lead City, altitude 1,600 m., July 6

(No. 7411).

Galium boreale L. Sp. PL i, 108 (1753).

Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 15; Hermosa, altitude 1,100 m., June 22; Rapid
City, altitude 1,000 m., June 25; Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., June 29 (No. 750).

VALERIANACE-aS.

Valeriana edulis Nutt. ; Torr. & Gr. Fl. ii, 48 (1841).

Itoehford, altitude 1,700 m., July 12; Oreville, altitude 1,700 m., July 16 (No. 751).

Valeriana sylvatica Banks; Kichards. Bot. Apj). 730 (1823).

liochlord, altitude 1,600 m., June 12; Oreville, altitude 1,700 m., July 16 (No. 752).

COMPOSITiE.

Lacinaria scariosa ( L. ) Hill, Vog. Syst. iv, 49 (1762); Serratula acarioaa L. Sp.
PI. ii.M8 (17.53).
Custer, altitude l,60(t m., Aug. 1 (No. 753).

Lacinaria piuictata (Hook.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. i, 349 (1891); IJatris jmnctaia
Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. i, 306 (1833}.

Custer, altitude 1,600 m., August 1; Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., August 3
(No. 754).

Kuhnia glutinosa Ell. Bot. S. Car. A: Georg. ii, 292 (1821-1824); A. cnpatorioidea
ghitiuDxit HitcliCDck, Trans. St. Louis Acad, v, 498 (1891).
Hot Si)riiiga, altituile 1,100 m., August 2, (No. 755).

505

Grindelia squarrosa (Piiisb) Diiiial, iu DC. Prodr. v, 315 (1836); Duma sqnarrvsa
I'lirsli, Fl. ii, .".59 (.1811).

Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., August 2 (No. 75(5).

Two dei>;uii»erate specimeus iu blooui (several jilauts were seeu) wore collected
al)ove Fall Kiver Falls, altitude 1,000 ni., Juno 17. These two had narrow loaves,
more toothed than usual, and I took them at first to be G. nana Nutt., but they must
belong to (/. sijuarrosa (No. 757).

Chrysopsis villosa (Pursli) Nutt. (U-u. ii, 151 (1818); Ainelhi'^ rillo-sus Pursli, Fl. ii,

561 (1^1^)-

Sandy soil: Kochford, altitude 1,000 in., July 12; Custer, altitude 1,050 m., July 12,

(No. 758).

Chrysopsis villosa cauesceus (DC.) firay, Syn. Fl. i, pt. ii, 123 (1884) ; Aplopappns

(?) trtHP.sa/ia DC. Prodr. v, 319 (1836).

Custer, altitude 1,650 m., July 15 ; Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., August 2 (No. 759).
Eriocarpuni grindelioides Nutt. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. ser. 2, vii, 321 (1811);
Aplopappua nuftaUii Torr. & Gr. Fl. ii, 242 (1812). Gypsum rocks above Hot Springs,
altitude 1,100 m., August 2 (No. 760).

Eriocarpum spinulosum (Pursh) Greene, Erythea, ii, 108 (1894) ; Amcllus .spiiiidoaus
Pursh, Fl. ii, 564 (1814); Aplopappus (?) spinitlosus DC. Prodr. v, 347 (1836).

Kare: Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 ni., August 2 (No. 761).

Solidago erecta Pursh, Fl. ii, 542 (1814).

This is the >'. spcciosa angustata Torr. A: (ir., of Newton &, Jeniiey's Report. I refer
it doubtfully here. It does not agree with the original description by Pursh, being
perfectly smooth except the margins of the leaves, which are scabrous. It agrees
well with the description of S. erecta by Elliott.' Gray- regards the two as the same
species notwithstanding the iiubescence attributed to the first. It is near S. speclosa,
but the primary veins are more or less jirominent and often looi)ed.

Hilly places: Custer, altitude 1,700 m., August 16 (No. 762).

Solidago missouriensis Nutt. Jonrn. Acad. Phil, vii, 32 (1834).

Very variable. The form held as the typical one, that is, stouter with spreading
panicle of recurved branches, was collected at Custer, altitude 1,700 m., August 14
(No. 763). This is, however, not the original <S'. «n'ssoi(rie7JS(s, but should, if held sepa-
rate, be called variety glaherrlma {S. ijhiherrima Martens). Tlie true S. missouriennis
was also collected, viz, at Custer, altitude 1,700 ni., August 16 (No. 764). This was
named variety montana by Dr. Gray. Another form was found with broad leaves, the
lower often 1.5 cm. wide, the stem tall, 5 dm. high, panicle Avith uiiright branches
and large heads. It may be the variety extraria Gray, or, perhaps, a hybrid of iS'.
viissonriensis and the preceding, together with which it grew. Custer, August 16
(No. 7G5).

Solidago rupestris IJaf. Ann. Nat. 11 (1820).

Owing to the, meager material, the determination is doubtful. It may perhaps be a
narrow and thin-leafed form of S. nerotina Ait. Little Elk, altitude 1,100 m., June 28
(No. 766).

Solidago canadensis L. Sp. I'l. ii, 878 (17.53).

Custer, altitude 1,6.50 m., August 1 (No. 767).

Solidago canadensis procera (Ait.) Torr. &, (h-. V\. ii, 224 (1842); S. prucera Ait.
ib.rt. Kew. iii, 211 (17X9).

Custer, altitude 1,7<H) m., .\ugu8t 1 (No. 1207).

Solidago nemoralis Ait, Hort. Kew. iii, 213 (1789).

My spccinuius urn more or less scabrous, some have axillary clusters and res<!ml)lo
pomcwhat S. hicolor concolor. Custer, altitude 1,700 m., August 16 (No. 768).

' Bot. S. Car. & Georg. i, 385 (1817).
-Proc. Amer, Aciid. viii, 308 (1870).

X3X44— Xo. 8 4

506

SoUdago rigida L. Sp. PI. ii, S80 (1753).

Miu'li smaller than llui form common in casti-rn Nebraska. 3 to 6 dm. high, more
cinereous; corymb more open and heads smaller; radical antl lower cauline leaves
•jradually acuminating into a winged pt-tiole. all with a clasping but not decurreut
base. Custer, dry land, altitude 1.700 m., August Id (No. 7()!l).

Euthamia gramlnifolia (I-.) Nutt. (Icn. ii. 1(52 (1818); Chrysocoma iirnminifoHa L.
Sp. PL ii, 811 (1753); Solida'jo lanviolaia 1>. Mant. 11 1 (1767).

The corymbs in all specimens seen in the IJlack Hills are unusually suiall and dense
with larger heads. Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., August 10 (No. 770).

Aster sibiricus L. Sp. I'l. ii, 872 (1753).

Slia<led hillsides: Custer, altitude 1,700 m., August 13 ; IJot lif'ord, altitude 1,70() m.,
.luly 12 (No. 771). All siiccimens are unusually low.

Aster laevis I^. iSji. 1*1. ii, 870 (1753).

All the specimens are small, some very low and slender, with uarniwly laucenlate
leaves. Custer, altitude 1,700 m., August 10 (No. 772).

Aster multiflorus incanopilosus (Lindl.) Kydb. Contr. Nat. Herb, iii, 103 (1S95);
A. ramuhmis hicaiiojyilosiia Lindl.; Hook. 1"1. Bor. Amcr. ii, 13 (1834); .1. inultiHorit>i
commiiiatua Torr. »fc Gr. V\. ii, 121 (1841).

Custer, altitude 1,600 m., Angu.st 16 (No. 773).

Aster patulus Lam. Eucycl. i, 308 (1783).

Like .1. prcnanilioidoi Muhl., but the base of the leaves is not cordate at all. Only
a few si)ecimens secured. Custer, altitude 1,700 ni., .Vugust 13 (No. 774).

Aster juuceus Ait. liort. Kew. iii, 204 (178'J).

See my remark on this species, this volume, ]i. 1()3. 'flu- leaves are linear, 1-ucrved,
with slightly revolute margins.
Wet meadow: Custer, altitude 1,600 m., August 15 (No. 775).

Aster salicifoliua Lam. Encyl. i, 306 (1783).

Meadow: Custer, altitude 1,600 m., August 15 (No. 77()).

Aster ptarmicoides (Nees) Torr. A: Cr. Fl. ii, 160 (1841); DoelliHtjcria jitnrmiroides
Nees. (len. A: Sp. Ast. ls3 (1832).

Limestone District, near Bull Springs, altitude 1,900 m.. .Inly 25 (\t). 777).

Aster falcatus Lindl. ; DC. Trodr. v, 241 (1836).

Li (iraj^'s list, Newtou «fc Jenney's Keport'; uo specimens from this region seen by
the writer.

Aster pauiculatus Lam. Kncy<l. i, 306 (1783) ; J xhiqjlt.c W illd. i:uuiii. NS7 (.IMO'J).

lu (Jray's list only.-

Aster tauacetifolius II. B. K. Nov. Cen. iv, 95 (1820).

In (Jray's list only.-

Erigerou asper Nutt. (Jen. ii. 147 (1818).

More or less strigoso all over. Generally 3 to 5 dm. liigh, with sovoral heads; but
in higher altitudes they are only 2 to 2.5 dm. high, with 1 to 3 heads. I'ormer state,
Kochford, altitude 1,600 m., July 11; latter state. Limestcuie District, July 2t>
(No. IIH).

Erigerou subtrinervis Kydberg, Mem. Torr. Club. v. 328 (1894) ; J:. tjlahcUus moUia
Gray, Proc. Acad. Phila. 1863, 61 (1863), not !■:. molliH I). Don, Prodr. Fl. Nep. 172 (1825).

Plant hairy throughout, from grayish scabro-strigoso to soft-pubescent, leafy to
the top; leaves thin, more or less distinctly trii)le-nerved, the lower oblanceolate,
petioled, the Tipper obbmg to ovate-lanceolate, sessile and half-clasping; heads 1 to
5, corymbose, 1.5 cm. wide and 0.75 cm. high; rays 0.75 to 1 cm. long, blue or llesb
color; involucre hirsute.

' Geol. Surv. Black Hills, 531 (1880). " -Loe. cit.

507

Gray (loc. cit.) says: ''From the sLape of the leaves, and their size and ahuudauce
lip to the summit of the stem, this shoiihl rather ho referred to E. macranthum; but
the pubesceuce is strange for that species;" and in the Synoptical Flora he adds,
•' Perhaps a distinct species." I believe it to be distinct and rather more related to
/v. niacranthus than to E. (jiahelhis; in fact, it diflers little from the former except
in the pubescence, which is not only more copious but of a different nature, more
resembling that of the hirsute ibrms of E. {/laheUn-s. In E. mavranthus the bracts
are nearly smooth, somewhat minutely glandular or puberulent; in E. suhtrinerris
thoy are covered with longer spreading hairs. I have named the species E. sithtri-
ucrris, from the fact that the lower lateral veins are often stronger, making the
leaves look as if triple-nerved, a character often seen in E. sj;ccio.v«s, sometimes in
E. viarranlhuf:, though I ha*e not seen it in E. fjUibellus. The leaves are generally
thinner than in any of these three related species.

In woods: Custer, altitude, 1,700 m., August 16 (Xo. 779).

Brigeron pumilus Nutt. Gen. ii, 147 (1818).

Dry table-lands: Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 13 (No. 780).

Erigeroii compositus I'ursh, Fl. ii, 535 (1811).

All my specimens are strictly scapose and densely matted. Exposed rocks in the
Limestone District, altitude 1,900 m., July 27. Also seen near the Needles, altitude
about 2,100 m., in the Harney Eango (No. 781).

Erigeron canus Gray, PI. Feudl. 67 (1849).

Dry table-hinds: Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 13 (No. 782).

Erigerou philadelphicus L. Sp. PI. ii, 863 (1753).

Near water: Hot Springs, altitude 1,0.jO m., June 17; Heruiosa, altitude 1,000 m.,
June 22; Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., June 29 (No. 783).

Erigeron flagellaris Gray, PI. Fendl. 68 (1849).

IJiclisoil: Hot Springs, altitude 1,050 m., June 17; Hermosa, altitude 1,000 m.,
June 22; liuckhorn Mountain, near Custer, altitude 1,800 m., July 14. The speci-
meus from the latter place, have much smaller radical leaves than the rest (No. 784).

Erigerou ramosus beyrichii (Fisch. & Mey.) Smith & Pound, Bot. Surv. Nebr. ii,
11 (1893); StvnattU lenruhii Fisch. & Mey. Ind. Sem. Petrop. 27 (1821).

Below Buckhoru Mountain, Custer, altitude 1,700 m., August 14 (No. 785).

Erigerou armerifoliiis Turcz.; DC. Prodr. v, 291 (1836).

Kadical leaves numerous, spatulate. Wet meadow, Custer, altitmle 1,700 m.,
August 20 (No. 7S6j.

Erigerou cauadensis L. Sp. PI. ii, 863 (1753).

This is rare in the Black Hills. Custer, altitude 1,650 m., August 20 (No. 787). A
dei)auperate form, resembling much E. divaricalus, was collected in Kuby Glen, Cus-
ter, altitude 1,700 m., August 20 (No. 788).

Filago prolifera (Nutt.) Britton, Mem. Torr. Club, v, 329(1894); Evax prolifera
Nutt.; DC. I'rodr. v, 459 (1836).

I5arren Hills: Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 13 (No. 789).

Autennaria dioica (L.) (la-rtn. Fruct. ii, 410 (1791); (InaphaliHm dioUum L. Sp.
PI. ii, 8.50 (1753j.

The typical A. diolva has leaves 1 to 2 cm. long, and 0.3 to 0.6 cm. wide, silvery
white on both sides; bracts all obtuse, the papery portion white or jiiukish red.
IJorders of woods: Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 13; Rochfort, altitude
1,600 m., July 11 (No. 790).

A peculiar form with several crowded heads, and often acute bracts, I also refer
hero. The bracts are of livid-brownish color, approaching J. alpina in this respect,
but the plant is in every respect larger. Custer, altitude 1,700 m., July 4 (No. 792).

Auteunaria dioica parvifolia (Nutt.) Torr. &- rjr. Fl. ii, 431 (1840); Autennaria
jiurti/oUa Nutt. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. u. ser. vii, 406 (1841).

508

Kadical leaves narrow, oblanceolate, morn or less revolutc, finely silvery on both
sides; llowerinjjNtcni sliMider, bearini:; sinallrr heads with bri{i;litly rose-colored hracts.
The ]ilant is more dirt'nscly sproadiiit,'. I'rairie: Koihford, altitude 1.600 m., July 12
(No. 791).

Antennaria plantagiiiifolia (L.) K'ichards. ISot. Ai>i>. cd. 2, ^50 (1823); (hiaj)h<tlinm
}iltiiita(jiiii/oUiim L. Sp. I'l. ii, 850 (1753).

This species i3 very variable, at least if all the western forms belong to it. The
typical form witli large, thin, 3-ribbed leaves was not met with. Wliat I take for
an alpine form of this s])eciea was collected early in the s]>ring, around Custer, alti-
tude 1.6r>0m., May 30 (No. 794). Tiiis is low, 7 to 10 cm. liigh, witli smaller heads,
radical leaves obovato or oblong, about 3 cm. long, glabrous al)o^■e, white beneath.

The other two lorms collected biloiig to the western form of J. pUinltKi'imfoVia,
which jierhaps is distinct from the eastern. The leaves are smaller, 1.5 tol cm. long,
silky on both sides, and seldom 3-ncrved. In one of the forms the leaves arc about
3 cm. long, the stem more robust and more iloccose. Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m.,
June 13; Hermosa, altitude 1,050 m., June 2; Lead City, altitude 1,700 m., July 4
(No. 793), The other form is more slender and. less Iloccose, the leaves about one-
half the size of those of the last. This is the same as No. 173 of my western Nebraska
collection. Lead City, altitude 1,700 m., July 6 (No. 795).

Antennaria niargaritacea (L.) Hook. I'l. IJor. Amer. i, 329 (1833); (hiaitlialinm
mariidritaceiim Jj. Sj). I'l. i, 85 (1753).

Englewood, altitude 1,600 m., August 13 (No. 796).

Iva xanthifolia Nutt. Geu. ii, 185 (1818).

"Waste places, rare: Custer, altitude 1,600 m., August lit (No. 797).

Ambrosia psilostachya DC. Prodr. v. .526 (1830).

li'arc: Hot Springs, altitude 1,700 m., August 2 (No. 793).

Ambrosia aitemisiaefolia L. Sp. PI. ii, 988 (1753).

Custer, altitude 1,650 m., August 11 (No, 799).

Brauneria pallida (Nutt.) IJritton, Mem. Torr. Club, v. 333 (1895); lUidheckia
pallida Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. v, 77 (1834); Echinacea anijuHtifolia DC Prodr. v,
551 (1836).

Prairie; Custer, altitude 1,600 m., August 1 (No. 800).

Rudbeckia hirta L. Sp. PI. ii, 907 (1753).

Meadows : Kochford, altitude l,(iOO m., July 12; in the Limestone District, altitude
1,900 m., July 26 (No. 801). Oue specimen was very leafy, with narrow linear-
lanceolate leaves.

Lepachys columnaris (Pursh) Torr. iV Or. Fl. ii,315 (1841); UndlHikin vol mini aris
Pursli, Fl. ii, 575 < l.sll ).

h'arc : ( inly a few specimens secured at ('uster, altitmlel,tr>Om., August 1 (No. 802).

Heliantbus annuus L. Sp. PI. ii, 904 (1753).

Custer, altitude 1,(>00 m., August 1 (No. 803).

Heliantbus petlolaris Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. ii, 115 (1821).

Only a few sii»;<inu'ns were secured; all had sonui of the leaves opposite. Hot
S].riii-s, altitude 1,UKI m.. August 2 (No. 804).

Heliantbus scaberrimus Ell. Hot. S. Car. & (Jeorg. ii, 123 i 1S21 1; //. liiiidim Desf.
Cat. Hort. Pari.s, e<l. .3. 184 (1829).

Custer, altitude 1,700 in,, August 1 (No. 805).

Heliantbus maximiliani Schrad. Ind. Seui. Hort. (ioett. ( 1835).

Custer, altitiule 1,700 m., August 15 (No. 806).

Heliantbella qiiinquenervis (Hook.) Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. \i\, loi 18S3); Ifeli-
anlliiin ijiiiniiiK iienin Hook. Loud. Journ. Hot. vi, 217 (18I7K

The leaves in my specimens arc as often alternate as ojtiiosite, and the plant is
fiiucU taller tbaa the s|)ecinieuB iu the National Herbarium,

509

Hills: Limestone District near Sips Spring, altitude 1,900 m., July 27 (No. 807).

Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursli) Nutt. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. vii, 350 (1841);
Buphthahnum sagitlafitm Pursli, Fl. ii, 564 (1814).

It was eolleeted in fruit oulj' on liills near 8ips Spring, altitude 1,5)00 m., July 27
(No. 808).

Bidens Isevis (L.) B. S. P. Cat. PI. N. Y. 29 (1888); Helianthns larin L. Sp. PI. ii,
900 (17.53).

All the specimens collected Avere low, with short rays. Pringle, altitude 1,500 m.,
August 6 (No. 809). Some were very slender; leaves about 2 to 1:5 cm. long, not con-
nate; heatls altont 0 mm. long, few-flowered; sparinglj' strigose (No. 810).

Hymenopappus filifolius Hook. Fl. Hor. Amer. i, 317 (1834).
Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., .June 13 and August 3 (No. 811).

Ptilepida acaulis (Pursh) Uritton, Mem. Torr. Club, v, 339 (1894); (iailJnrd'm
aidulis l*ursh, Fl. ii. 743 (1814); AcUnella rtcrtw/is Nutt. Gen. ii, 173 (1818).

Dry hills: Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 12; Lead City, altitude 1,800 m.,
July 4 (No. 812).

Gaillardia aristata Pursh, Fl. ii, 573 (1814).

Prairies: Rochford, altitude 1,000 m., July 12; Limestone District, altitude 1,900 m.,
July 20 (No. 813).

Dysodia papposa (Vent.) Hitch. Trans. St. Louis Acad, v, 503 (1891); T<t(jetes
papposa Vent. Ilort. Cels. t. 36 (1800).

Waste jdaces: Hot Sjirings, altitude 1,050 m., August 8 (No. 814).

Anthemis cotula L. Sp. PI. ii, 894 (1753).

Hot Springs, altitude 1,0.50 m., August 2 (No. 815).

Achillea millefolium L. Sp. PI. ii, 899 (1753).

Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 ni., June 29; Lead City, altitude 1,600 m., July 4; Hot
Springs, altitude 1,100 m., August 2 (No. 816).
Artemisia canadensis Mx. Fl. ii, 128 (1803).
Dry ])laces: Custer, altitude 1,700 m., August 15 (No. 817).
Artemisia dracunculoides Pursh, Fl. ii, 742 (1814).
Custer, altitude 1,700 m., August 15 (No. 818).
Artemisia frigida Willd. Sp. PL iii, 1838 (1804).
Dry places: Custer, altitude 1,700 m., August 19 (No. 819).
Artemisia gnaphalodes Nutt. Gen. ii, 143 (1818).
Custer, altitude 1.700 m., August .19 (No. 820).

Petasites sagittata (Pursh) Gray, Bot. Cal. i, 407 (1876); Tiissihu/o saf/Ulala
Pur.sh, Fl. ii, 531 (1814).

A largo patch found on Eapid Creek, above Rochford, altitude 1,6.50 m., July 12,
but only three specimens in fruit secured (No. 821).

Arnica cordifolia Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. i, 331 (1834).

On shaded hillsides: Flk Canyon, altitude 1,200 ra., July 29; Lead City, altitude
1,600 111., July 4; Rochford, altitude 1,700 m., July 12 (No. 822).

Arnica alpina (L. ) Glin, Monogr. Arn. Fps. 1799; Ai-nica monlan<i nlpina \j. Sp.
PI. ii, 884 (1753).

In the Black Hills this is generally 3-cephalous, and 3 to 5 dm. high. Little Elk
Canyon, altitude 1,100 m., July 28; Custer, altitude, 1,800 m., July IG (No. 823).

Senecio rapifolius Nutt. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. vii, 409 (1841).
/riio sp(Miiiieus :ir(! unusually large, souie being 6 dm. high. In shade<l places
amoug rocks: Custer, altitude 1,700 m., August 12 (No. 824),

Senecio lugens Ricluirds. App. Frankl. Journ. 747 (1823).

In the specimens collected the leaves are unusually narrow and nearly entire.

510

Tlu" ])lant may Ix' :> form of llio jicxt. K'oflironl. altitiidc l,(!ri() m.. .Inly 11; Hot
Springs, altitudr 1,(I5() iii., August S (No. 825).

Seiiecio iutegerrimus Nntt. (Jen. ii, 165 (1818).

This rt'S(]iiT)lts a siiociiuen collected l)y Mr. Nicollet, Avliicli according to 'I'orrey
and Gray ' is A. //(/q/crr(Hi/(N Nntt. The other specimens in the National llerhariuni
eeem to helong to some other species. The ty))e specimens of Nnttall I havi^ not
seen. The bracts and the base of the involucre are somewhat lieshy. I'rairie, near
Squaw Creek, llennosa. altitude 1,0.50 m., .Tune 23 (No. 82(5).

Senecio balsamitae Mnhl. ; Willd. Sp. PI. iii, 1908 (1804).

J^eavos very thin and Avholly glabrous, bright green, the lower obovate, seriate.
Lead City, altitude l,fiOO m., July (">; Rochford, altitude 1,60(^ ni., July 11 ; Custer,
altitude 1.700 im., .Inly 1(> (No. 827).

Senecio plattensis Nutt. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. ser. 2, vii, 4i:i (1H41).

Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 18 (No. 828).

Senecio canus Hook. IT. Bor. Amor, i, 333 (1834).

This is a very variable species. Three forms were collected, one of them the
typical. This is 3 to 5 dm. high, densely wocdly ; root leaves entire, broadly oblanee-
olate, oblong, or spatulate;,? to 10 cm. long, 1 to 1.5 cm. wide. Battle Mountain,
near Hot Springs, altitude 1,200 m., June 18; Lead City, altitude 1,700 m., July 4
(No. 8211). The second form is .somewhat like the last but greener with decidncms
wool and thin leaves. It approaches .somewhat the preceding species, especially as
to the involucre, which is nearly glabrous. Lead City, altitude 1,600 m., July 6
(No. 830). The third is a low form with narrow leaves, the lower narrowly spatulate
or oblanceolate, 3 to 7 cm. long and about 4 nun. wide, white woolly, with more or
less revolute margins. Dry table-land: Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 13
(No. 831).

Carduus undulatus Nutt. Gen. ii, 130 (1818); ('7ii(iiH uuthdaliis (Jray, Proc. Anwr.
Acad. X, 42 (1874).

Custer, altitude 1,650 m.. August 12 (No. 8.32).

Carduus undulatus ochrocentrus, nom. nov. ; Ciiicua undiihifns ochroceniriifi Gray,
Proc. Amer. Acad, x, 43 (1874) ; Cirsium ochroccntnim Gray, PI. Feinll. 110 (1849) ; Cuicus
ochrocentrus Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad, xix, 57 (1883).

This is the northern form referred to Carduus ochrocentrus. The southern, that
is, the original form, differs in being stouter and more white with broader bracts.
Whether the latter is distinct from C. undulatus I am not prepared to decide. Tlie
northern form is, I think, only a variety, and dilVers only in the i»rickles of the invo-
lucre, which are nnich longer and stouter. Intermediate forms are sometimes seen.

Custer, altituib- 1,650 ni., August 1 (No. 833).

Carduus drummondii (Gray); Cn'icux druuuiitiud'i'i (iray, Proc. Anu-r. Acail. x,
40(1874).

Some of the specimens are very near to the variety acaulrscciis (Jray. Mi-adous:
Custer, altitude 1.6.50 m., July 16 (No. 834).

Centaurea cyauus L. Si». IM. ii, !>11 (1753).

Only one specimen collected : Koadside, not far from Hot S))rings, altitude 1,100 m.,
August 2 (No. 8^5).

Hieracium canadeuse Mx. Fl. ii, 86 (1803).

The specimens referred to this species have nincli thinner, narrower, and less den-
tate leaves than the common form. Custer, altitude l,(r>() m.. .Inly 12 (No. 836).

Hieracium umbellatum L. Sp. PI. ii. SOI (17.53).

The specimens of this have fewer In-ads th.in usual. Wet meadow : l.'ai)id City,
altitude 1,000 in., Juno 25 (No. 837).

' I'l. ii, 13!t.

511

Hieracium sp.

A single specimen was found, together with the i)recediug, of a phmt which resem-
bles it .IS to the leaves, but has the stem hispid above, and the bracts broad (No. 838).

Hieracinm fendleri Schultz I5ip. I'onplandia, ix, 173 (1861).

The Black Hills are outside of the supposed range of tliis species, but the speci-
mens agree fully with Gray's description and with specimens in the National Her-
barium and the herbarium of the University of Nebraska. Rochford, on a dry hill,
altitude 1,700 m., July 12 (No. 839).

Crepis nincinata (.Tames) Torr. & Gr. Fl. ii, 487 (1813); nieracinm rnnclnntum
James, Long Exped. i, 453 (1823).

The typical form, but with the leaves less runcinate. Hermosa, altitude 1,050 m.,
June 23; Whitewood, altitude 1,200 m., July 7; Kochford, altitude 1,700 m., July 11;
Custer, altitude 1,700 m., July 16 (No. 840).

A stouter form, 4 to 5 dm. high, with broader leaves; heads larger; involucre of
thicker bracts, with the peduncles and upper part of the stem densely covered with
yellowish glands. A specimen of this form in the National Herbarium is labeled
variety hlspUhdosa Howell, but I can not find any description. Meadow: Kapid
City, altitude 1,000 m., July 25 (No. 841).

Prenaiithes raceniosa Mx. Fl. ii, 84 (1803).

"Wet meadow: Custer, altitude 1,600 m., August 15 (No. 842).

Agoseris glauca (Pursh) Greene, Pittonia, ii, 176 (1891) ; Troxinioii <ihincum Pursh,
Fl.ii, 505 (1814).

Meadows: Rapid City, altitude 1,000 m., .Tune 25; Ellc Canyon, altitude 1,200 m.,
June 29 (No. 843).

Agoseris glauca parviflora (Nutt. ); Troximon parriflornm. Nutt. Trans. Amer.
Phil. Soc.vii, 434 (1841).

Professor Greene regards this as a distinct speci(;s, stating that it differs in the
leaves being strictly 2-ranked, a char.acter which is, however, sometimes found in the
true J. glauca.

Custer, altitude 1,6.50 m., July 16 (No. 844).

Agoseris scorsoneraefolia (Schrad.) Greene, Pittonia, ii, 177 (1891); Ammogcion
scorsonero'folhim Schrad. Cat. Sem. Goett. 1 (1833).

Railroad embankment: Custer, altitude 1,650 m., .Tuly 16 (No. 845).

Taraxacum taraxacum (L.) Karst. Deutsch. Fl. 1138 (1880-1883); Lcontodon
tunisacum L. Sp. PI. ii, 7!t8 (1753).

Rapid City, altitude 975 m., July 25 (No. 846).

Lactuca ludoviciana (Nutt.) DC. Prodr. vii, 141 (18.39); Sonchvn hnJoviiianus
Nutt. Gen. ii, 125 (181S).

Hillside east of Custer, altitude 1,600 m., July 23 (No. 847).

Lactuca pulchella (Pursh) DC. Prodr. vii, 134 (1839); SoticJnis pulchelhis Pursh,
Fl. ii, .502 (1X14).

Custer, altitude. I,(i5() m., August KJ; Ifot Springs, altitude 1,050 7u., August 2
(No. 8-18).

Sonchus asper (L.) All. Fl. Ped. i, 222 (1785); Sovchiis ohTarcn-i (i-sper L. S]). PI. ii,
794 (1753).

Hot Springs, altitude 1,050 m., August 2 (No. 849).

LOBELIACE^.

Lobelia spicata hirtella Gray, Syn. I'l. ii. ]>t. i, 6 (1878).
Prairie: (Juster, altitude 1,600 m., August, 1 (No. X50). .

51^

CAMPANULACEiE.

Legouzia perfoliata (T^.) IJiittDii. Mem. Torr. Cliil), v, :>(>!• (lS!t4); Campauida per-
folUitn L. Sp. ]"1, i, 1(H) (17."):^).

No corolliferous flowers were seen. Wliitcwood. .iliidKle l.ldO m.. July 7; Custer,
altitiHlc l.fi.'O III., July 1.". (No. 8.")1).

Campanula rotundifolia L. .Sp. PI. i. Kill (17r)3).

Hot Spriuj^s, altitude 1,100 in., Juuo 17; lloriuosn. altitude l.l.'O ui.. .luue '_'2; Load
City, altitude 1,700 in., .Inly 1 (No. XT-,2).

Campanula aparinoides l'ur.sli, 11. i, 159 (IHll).

Wet meadows: Custer, altitude l,<!0(»ni., Anijust 10 (No. 8.">3).

ERICACEiE.

Vaccinium myrtillus microphyllum Hook. Fl. ]}or. Anicr. ii, 33 (1834).

riic plant ( without llowcrs or IVuit) was collected on a shaded hillside, near Lead
City, altitude l,tiO() m., ,Inly (i (No. S.")-!).

Arctostaphylos iiva-ursi (L.) Spreu^. Syst. ii,2S7 (ISli;")); Arlmliis iirfi-Hmi L. Sp.
n. i, 30.". (1753).

Common throughout the Black Hills and generally called ••kinnikiniek." In
woods: Custer, altitude 1,700m., June 3 (No. 855).

PYROLACEiE.

Pyrola secunda L. Sp. PI. i, 396 (1753).

In woods: Little Klk, altitude 1,100 ni., June 27; Load City, altitude l.GW m.,
Jnly r^ (No. 85fi).

Pyrola chlorantha Swartz. Kongl. Vet. Acad. Ilaudl. ser. 2. xxxi, 101 (1810).

Woods: Little I'.lk Canyon. altitu<lo 1,100 ni., ,fune 27; Custer, altitude 1,0)00 m.,
August lit (No. 857).

Pyrola elliptica NHtt. Gen. i, 273 (1818).

Shaded hillsides: Lead City, altitude 1,600 in., July 0; Custer, altitude l,G(K)ni.,
August 10 (No. 858).

Pyrola rotundifolia L. Sp. PI. i, 396 (1753).

Only one sj.eciuicn, collected at Le.id City, altitude 1,600 ni., July 6 (No. 859).

Pyrola rotundifolia bracteata (Nutt.) Gray, ]5ot. Cal. i, 160 (1876); I'l/rolo brac-
teata'Sntt. (ien'. i, 270 (1818).

The large hracts and purplish llowers distingui-sh this variety, which is reputed to
1)(! (if a more westerly range. In a cold bog ahovo Sylvan J^ake, at an altitude of
2,100 m.. Jnly 10 (No. 8(i0).

Pteiospora andromedea Nutt. (ion. i, 260 (1818).

In fruit from ]>recediiig year: Custer, altitude l.O.'iO ni., .lune H; in liower. Sylvan
Lake, altitude 1,200 m., August 19 iNo. 861).

PRIMULACE.ZE.

Dodecatheon pauciflorum (l)urand) (ireene, Pittcmia, ii, 72 (1889); Dndtrnthcon
meadia paucijlorinn Durand, PI. I'ratt. 95 (1855).

On woodeil hillsides: Custer, altitude 1,700 m., May 28 and June 2 (No. 862).

A stouter form, apjtroacbing 7>. mradia, was collected at Custer, .lune 5 (No. 863).

Androsace septentrionalis L. S|). PI. i, 142 (17.53).

Custer, altitude 1 .ti:.() m., June 3 ; F.Ik Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., .lnno29 (No. 864).

Androsace occidentalis Pursli, I'l. i, 137 (ISM).

Dry taldc-land: Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., .lune 13 (No. 865).

513

Steironenia ciliatuni (L.) ISaudo, Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 2, xx, 346 (1843) ; Li/simarhia
ciliafa L. 8p. PI. 147 (1753).

The leaves of the specimens Irom Custer are scarcely snbcordate at the base.
Kochford, altitnde 1,600 m., July 11; east of Custer, ou the French Creek, alti-
tude, 1.500 ra., July 22 (No. 866).

Naiimbiirgia thyrsiflora (L.) Duhy, in DC. Prodr. viii, 60 (1844); Li/simachia
ihijrsijlora L. Sp. PI. i, 147 (1753).

"Wet places: Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 in., July 2!i (No. 867).

Centuuculus minimus L. Sp. PI.- i, 116 (1753).

In Eul.y Gulch, uortliwest of Custer, altitnde 1,700 ni , Auyust 20 (No. 868).

OLEACE^.

Fraxinus peiuisylvanica Marsh. Arb. Aracr. 51 (1785).
Along Squaw Creek, above Hermosa, altitude 1,050 m., June 22 (No. 869).
Fraxinus pennsylvanica lanceolata (Borck.) Sargent, Silva Anier. vi, 50 (1894);
Fraxxuuslannolata Borck. Handb. P'orstbot. i, 826 (1800).
Together -with the preceding (No. 870).

APOCYNACEiE.

Apocyniim androsaemifolium L. Sp. PI. 1, 213 (1753).

Borders of woods: Hermosa, altitude 1,100 ni., June 24; Eapid City, altitude
1,000 m., July 25; Little Elk Canyon, altitude 1,100 m., June 27; Lead City, altitude
1,700 m., July 6 (No. 871). Specimens collected in Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m.,
June 29, and at Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., August 3, are ambiguous between
this species and A. cavuabinum. The leaves are short-petioled, and the corolla
greenish white and smaller than in J. androsa-wifoJium, and the branches upright
(No. 872).

ASCLEPIADACEiE.

Asclepias ovalifolia Dec. in DC. Prodr. viii, 567 (1844).

On French Crerk, below Custer, altitude 1,500 m., July 22 (No. 873).

Asclepias verticillata pumila Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad, xii, 71 (1876).

Prairie: Minnekahta, altitude 1,300 m., August 6 (No. 874).

Acerates angustifolia ' (Nutt.) Dec. in DC. Prodr. viii, 522 (1844) ; PoJijotus ancjnsti-
folinx Nutt. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. n. ser. v, 20 (1833-1837).

Minnekahta I'lains, altitude 1,300 m., August 6 (No. 875).

Acerates \rjiridiflora -' (K;if. ) Eat. Man. ed, 5,00 (1829); Asclepias viridijlora Paf.
Med.Kei). xi,360 (1808).

Only one specimen Avas collected: Minnekahta I'lains, altitude 1,300 m., August 6
(No. 876).

GENTIANACEiE.

Gentiana acuta Mx. Fl. i, 177 (1803); Gentiana amareUa acuta Herder, Act. Hort.
Petroj). 1,428 (1872).

'J'be specimen appears to be a form of this species modified by the habitat, viz, a
heavily shaded hillside. The whole jilant is light green, the leaves broad and thin,
3- to 5-ribbed. Young plants can scarcely be distinguished from those of the next.
The llowers are greenish yellow, occasionally a little bluish on the limb. South of
Custer, altitude 1,700 m., August 15 (No. 877).

'See my remarks on this species, this volume, p. 169.

-The binomial is not given by Elliott (Hot. S. Car. & Georg. 317, 1823), but he refers
A8ch'2)iuH ciiidijlora to the genus Acerates.

514

Tetragonanthiis deflexus (Smitlii l\imt/<'. IJiv. (ii-n. I'l. ii, i:U (1891); Sirertia
dejlera Smith, Kees's Cyol. no. S (ISl(i).

In Avodds: Doadwood, altitude 1,100 in., .Inly .">; Custer, altitmle l.Tdt* ni.. Aug-
ust !."> (Xo. NTS).

Frasera speciosa Dougl.; Hook. 11. I'x.r. Anicr. ii, tii; (18.S8).

IIi<;h barren liills: I^ead City, altitude l.TlM) ni., .luly J; I.iuieHtoue Distriet, alti-
tnd.' l.iMiO III., July 25 (No. X7JI).

POLEMONIACEiE.

Phlox douglasii Hook. I'l. I5or. Aiuer. ii, 73 (1838).

Couuuon around Hot Spring.s, aititudo 1,100 iii., .June !'> (Xo. 881).

On wooded hillsides was found a peculiar Phlox, probably belonging to this spe-
cies. The plant is prostrate, spreading, slender, Avith very narrow, subulate, Aveak,
leaA'es, the corolla scarcely longer tliau the calyx. Hot Si>ring8, altitude 1,300 m.,
Juno 1.-. (Xo. 880).

Phlox douglasii audicola (Xutt.) Britton, :Meni. Torr. Club, v, 269 (189.5); Phlox
andirola X'utt. ; (Jray, Proc. Amer. Acad. \'iii, 2.")l (1870).

Table-land: Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 in., June 14 (Xo. 882).

Phlox kelseyi Britton, Bull. Torr. Club, xix, 22.") (1892).

All S})eeiinen8 collected diiTer from the typical Phlox Icrheyl in having nearly Avhite
instead of blue or lilac lloA\'ers. Two forms were found. One of them has long
]ea\'es 1..") to 3 cm. long and 2 to 3 mm. AA'idc, and larger tlowers on ])edicels 1 to 2 cm.
long. Hot Si)riugs, altitude 1,100 m., June 13; Sylvan Lake, altitude 2,000 m.,
July 19 (X^o. 883). The other is more ccspitose, has shorter and broader leaves,
0.5 to 1..5 cm. long and 3 to 4 mm. Avide, and the nearly .sessile llowers haAC shorter
tubes. This is evidentlj' the same as P. lont/ifolia hrerifoUa Cray,' collected by
Jenney, although I liaA'c not seen that plant. My 8])eeimens were collected about
20mil(>s from .Jcnueys Stockade, in the I^imestone District, near Bull Springs, alti-
tude 1,900 m., .July 26. liritton refers .Tenuey's plant to I'hlox leUejii. The original
variety ?>/Tfj/'«7irt'- is to be referred to Phlox stanshiiriii (Torr.) Britton. From this
Phlox kelseiji is easily distinguished by its larger llowers .and the A^ery broad, obovate
lobes of the corolla (No. 884).

Collomia linearis Xutt. Gen. i, 126 (1818).

llermosa, altitude 1,100 m., Juno 23; IJochford, .iltitude 1,700 m., July 11; T,ead
City, altitude 1,.")00 m., .July 17. The specimens from the latter place are unusually
large and branching, some even 4 to ."> dm. high (Xo. 88.")).

Gilia spicata capitata Cray, Proc. Amer. Acad, viu, 274 (1870).

I believe that this is distinct from (1. spicata. It resembles it in foliag<', but the
foiiri III' the corolla is diflerent. Dry hills or table-lands: Hot Springs, altitude
l.liio in., .June 13; DeadAVood. altitude l.HOO m., .)uly ;".; Bull Sjiriugs, altitudu
1,900 m., July 25 (No. 8815).

HYDROPHYIiLACEiE.

Macrocalyx nyctelea (Ij.) Kuntze, Ifev. Oen. I'l. ii, t;!l(ls9t^; Ipumna in/ctrlea
L. Sp. I'l.i, 160 (17."'.3).

I'.dgemont, altituile l.O.jO iii., May 27; l.'ochl'ord, altitude 1,(;(M) m., .Inly II: < >re-
ville, altitude 1,630 ni., .Inly 16 (Xo.887).

BORAGINACEiE.

Lappula virginiaiia (L.) <;rt'«'Mt% I'ittonia, ii, IM' (IM!tl); .\fiinsnHit riri/inira L. Sp.
I'l.i, b'.I (17.53).

Only one s]>eciiuen in bloom, loMiid near Lead City, altitude 1.600 ut., .Tuly 6
(No. 8XX).

'In Newton &. .Tenney, Geol. Surv. I'.lacU liills, 535 (1880).
•fir.-iy, Syn. I'l. ii, pt. i, 133 (187S).

515

Lappula deflexa auiericana (Gray) Greene, Pittouia, ii, 183 (1891); Ecliinosper-
vutm dcjiexum americamim Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad, xvii, 224 (1882).

ily specimens belong to a form Avitli sliort, broad leaves and small liowors. Kare:
Lead City, altitude 1,600 m., .Inly (> (Xo. 889).

Lappiila floribuuda (Lchm.) Gr<'eno. IMttonia, ii, 182 (1891); Kcirnutupivmitm Jlori-
binichim Lehm. I'ng. ii, 24 (1830).

Tlie common form lias distinctly pinnately nerved leaves. Hot Springs, altitude
1,100 m., .June 13; Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., .Tune 29; Custer, altitude 1,700m.,
July 16 (No. 890),

At Oreville, altitude 1,6")!) m.,,Tuly 16, a form was collected wliicli differs, in hav-
ing much tbiclcer, narrowly lanceolate leaves, •with !i jirominent inidrih but obsolete
lateral veins (No. 891).

At Kochford, altitude 1,650 m., July 11, a plant was collected, which I also refer
here, although it differs considerably from the common form. It was collected in
Hower only, and as the fruit is necessary for full identification. I leave it with this
species. The plant is tall, 1 to 2 m. high, branched from an apparently perennial
root, making big, bushy clumps of a dozen stems or more. The upper parts of the
])lant are yellowish silky, the lower somewhat strigose; the lower leaves spatulate,
the upper lanceolate, thickish, with a prominent midrib, tlie lateral veins obsolete
(No. 892).

Lappula redowskii occideiitalis (Wats.) Eydberg, Contr. Nat. Herb. iii. 170
(1895); Juliinospermnm 7'edoirskii occidentale (Wats.) Bot. King Surv. 246 (1871).

Some of the specimens resemble L. lappula in having a larger, more campanulate
corolla and being more branched from the base and more leafy. The immature fruit
sliows characters which place it with L.redon'slM. Edgemont, altitude 1,0.50 m.,
^lay 27; Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 15 (No. 576).

The conunon form w.as collected at Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., .Tune 13; Her-
mosa, altitude 1,050 m., June 23; Custer, altitude 1,700 m., .Tuly 16 (No. 577).

Oreocarya glomerata (Pursh) Greene. Pittouia, i, 58 (1887); Cytioglossinn glomera-
iinn Pursh, El. ii, 729 (1814).

High table-lands and hills: Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 ni., .June 13; Whitewood,
altitude 1,100 m., July 7 (No. 893).

Cryptauthe pattersoni (Gray) Greene, Pittouia, i, 120 (1887) ; KriinUzlia pnlleri^oni
Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. xx. 268 (1885).

The seeds arc brown-spotted and less attenuate than in C. fendleri, l)nt otlierwise
as in that species. The leaves are .also broader. Lead City, altitude 1,600 m., .July 6;
Kochford, altitude 1,700 m., July 12 (Xo, 894).

No. 895 is a small Cryptanthe, perhaps nearly related, but there are no fruits in
the collection, hence it can not be determined. It looks very like some specimens in
the National Herbarium labeled Knjniid,ia affinis, but it may be an undeveloped
form of nearly any of the related species. Buckhorn Mountain, near Custer, altitude
1,800 m.. July 16.

Myosotis verna niacrosperma (Engelm.); Miiosolin macrosjwrma Y-^ngalm. Amer.
Journ. Sci. xlvi, 9S (IKI4).

liare: Hot Springs, altituth^ 1,100 ni., .June 13 (No. 575).

Myosotis sylvatica Holfmanu, Deutsch. Fl. i, 85 (1791).

Slender, 1.5 to 3 dm. high, racemq loose, the pedicels longer than the fruiting
calyx. It does not belong to the A'ariety alpcstrin, which has been regarded .as the
only American form, but rather to the si)ecies. High altitudes in danij) jilaces among
rocks: Sylvan Lake, altitude 2,000 m., July 19 (No. 896).

Mertensia sibirica (L.) Don, Hist. Dichl. PI. iv, 319 (18.38) ; I'nlmouarUt sih'.rica
L. Sp. PI. i, 135 (17.53).

A single fruiting specimen, which seems to belong to this species, was collected at
Roehfonl. allitiub' l,7iiO in., .Inly 12 (No. 897).

516

Merteusia paniculata (Ait.) Don. Hist. l>iclil. I'l.iv. lUS (1S:W); l'ulmo)i,iria jxin-
iciilala Ait. Iloit. Kow. i. ISI (178SI).

In tlM! lew .s]»ocinieiis collected the calyx is not ciliatc an.l tlie cui..lhi only li to S
mm. lung. K'oclifonl, altitude 1,700 ni., July 12 (No. «t8).

Merteusia lanceolata (Pursli) Dt'. I'rodr. x, 88 (181(i); /'nlmoiHina Jauceolalu
VuTsh, VI. u, 729(1811).

There seem to he two forni.s of thi.s .species, one with larger lloweis, ahoiit 1 cm.
long, the tiihe more ahniptly widening into the campannlate limh. thicker, somewhat
fleshy leaves, and more simple sl(!m. This is the more common form in the lilack
Hills. Cnster, altitude 1,700 ni., .May 30 (No. SO!)).

The lonii growing in western Nebraska with thin leaves of a light-green color,
panicnlately hr.inchcd stem, and smaller, more funnelform llowers was found near
Sylvan Lake, altitude 2.O0O m., July 19 (No. 900).

Lithospermum augustifoliuin Mx. Fl. i, VAO (1803).

Prairie: Hot Sj.rings, altitude 1,100 m., Juno 15; Buflah. (iap. altitu.lo l.ldOm.,
Juno 21 ; Custer, altitude l,r..")0 m., Angust 1 (No. 901).

Oiiosmodium molle Mx, Fl. i, 133 (1803).

I'raiiie: Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., .lune 10 (No. 902).

CONVOLVULACEiE.

Evolvnlus nuttallianus Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. vi, 198 (1820); E. arf/entciis
Pur>h, Fl. i, 187 (1811). not P. Br. Prodr. (1810); E. pUosna Nutt. Gen. i, 174(1818),
not Lam.

Pare: collected in fruit only at Hot Springs, altitude l,I0O m., June 13 (No. 903).

Ipomcea leptophylla Torr. in Frem. IMrst Pop. 94 (1843).

Prairie: Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 ni., June 15 (No. 578).

Convolvulus sepium L. Sp. PI. i, 153 (17.53).

Pare: Custer, altitude 1,050 m., August 1 (No. 904).

SOLANACEiE.

Solanum triflorum Nutt. Gen. i, 128 (1818).

(»n tlic railr<)a<l emUankment north of Custer, altitude 1,650 m.. .Inly IG (No. 905).

Solanum nigrum L. Sp. PI. i, 18G (1753).

Hot Springs, altitude 1,050 m., June 13 (No. 906).

Solanum rostratum Dunal, Hist. Sol. 234 (1813).

Cnstir, altitude 1.0.50 m.. August 1 (No. 907).

Physalis heterophylla Noes, Linna-a, vi, 463 (1831); rhijmVui riscoita Pursli. Fl. i,
157 (1814), not L. ; riu/salis vh-fjiniana Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad, x, 65 (1874), not Mill.

This is an upright form with thinner leaves and scarcely glandular at .ill. Hills,
on French Creek east of Custer, altitude 1,500 m., July 23 (No. 908).

Physalis longifolia Nutt. Trans. Amer. Pliil. Soc. ser. 2, v, 193 (1837).

Among l.iishcs: Hot Sjirings. altitude 1,0.50 ni., Juno 18 (No. 910).

Physalis virginiana Mill. (Jard. Diet. ed. 8, no. 1 (1768); J'hiisali.s lanceolata Cray
Proc. Amer. Acad, x, 67 (1871), not Mx. " '

Tliis is the common form of /'. riroiniana. It diflers from the type slightly in tlie
leaves, which are less siunately toothed. The original /'. rirghiiatia, d«-scril)ed and
figured by Miller, has deeply toothed leaves and the whole ])lant is nion^ or less
glutinous. It is a very rare form.

The few poor specimens in this colle(t ion arc more or less i)ubesccnt, with sinii.itely
toothed or wavy-margined leaves, yellow fruit, and a pyramidal, angled, fruiting
calyx with a siinkeu base, a character which distinguishes all forms of this species
from /'. lamroUita M\. Lead City, altitude 1,600 in., .July 6 (No. 909).

517

SCROPHULARIAC'E^.

Verbasciini thapsus L. Sp. I'l. i, 177 (1753).

Iiitioduced oil the railroad embankment near Fall Iv'iver Falls, altitude 1,000 m.,
August 10 (No. 911). Only two plants collected.

Collinsia parviflora Lindl. Bot. Reg. xiii, t. 1082 (1827).

Dry hillsides: Little Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 ni., .June 27; Flk Canyon, altitude
1,200 m., June 29 (No. 913).

Linaria canadensis (L.) L)um. liot. Cult, ii, 90 (1802); ^InthrJiiiiKm caiiadcuse L.
Sp. PI. ii, 618 (1753).

Very slender and depauperate, apparently with cleistogamons llowers. The same
form has also been collected in Nebraska by Rev. J. M. Bates, of Valentine. Custer,
altitude 1,700 m., August 20 (No. 912).

Scrophularia nodosa occidentalis, var. nov.

Tall, 1 to 1.5 111. high, glandular, especially on the upper part of the stem; leaves
ovate or slightly heartshaped at the b.ase, doubly and sharply serrate or incised;
petioled, with fascicles of smaller leaves in the axils; panicle with short l)rauches;
sepals rounded-elliptical, obtuse, slightly margined; corolla lurid-greenish, gibbose
at the base; sterile stamens very broad, kidney-shai)ed on a claw.

It differs from S. nodosa jiroper and S. nodosa marilandica in being glandular and
in the sharp serration of the leaves ; from *S'. calif ornica in its larger tiowers, sharper
serrations, stout habit, and the form of the sterile stamen; from all three in the
more gibbose corolla. No. 997, Sukadorf seems to belong to the same variety.
Rapid City, altitude 1,000 m., July 25 (No. 914). Most of the specimens were dam-
aged liy rain while in the press.

Pentstemou grandiflorus Nutt. Fraser's Cat. (1813).

I'rairies: Ilermosa, altitude 1,0.50 m., June 24 (No. 915).

Pentstemou glaber Pursh, Fl. ii, 738 (1814).

Hills: North of Deadwood, altitude 1,500 m., .Inly 5; Rochford, altitude 1,700 m.,
July 12; Custer, altitude 1,700 m., July 18 (No. 916).

Pentstemou angustifolius Pursh, Fl. ii, 738 (1814), not Lindl. (1827); 1'. curiihns
Nutt. Gen. ii, 52 (1818).

Only two .specimens collected: Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 15 (No. 917).

Pentstemou jamesii Benth. in DC. Prodr. x, 325 (1846).

My specimens are like Fendler's No. 575. This, with his No. 579 and the original
specimens of James, are the only ones cited by Gray in his synopsis of the genus
in the Proceedings of the American Academy.' I think Watson's No. 778, named
P. cristaius, should also be referred to this species. Table-land : Hot Springs, altitude
l,l(X)ni., June IG (\o. 918).

Pentstemou eriauthera I'ursh, Fl. ii, 737 (1814).

J'. crislaliiH Nutt.- is a nomcn nudum; hence P. crianthera Pursh, is tlie oldest name.
Only four specimens of this W(n'e collected, two in Klk Canyon, altitude 1,2(X) m ,
June 29, and two dei)auperate ones in the Ijimestone District near Bull Springs,
allitudc 1,900 m., July 27 (No. 919).

Pentstemou albidus Nutt. Gen. ii, 53 (1818).

Only one specimen, found near Heriiiosa, altituile 1,100 m., .June 23 (No. 920).

Pentstemou gracilis Nutt. Gen. ii, 52 (ISIS).

Common: Hot Springs, altitude 1,050 m., June 15; Ilermosa, altitude 1,000 m.,
June 22; Elk Canyon, .iltituch) 1,200 m., June 29; Lead City, altitude 1,600 m., July 6;
Kochford, altitude l,70(t m., July 11 (No. 921).

Mimulus luteus L. Sp. PI. ed. 2, ii, 884 (1763).

In a wet, shady place near a stream, southwest of Lead City, altitude 1,700 m.,
July 9 (No. 922).

1 vi, 67 (1866). « Frasev'a Cat. (1813).

I

518

Mimulus glabratus jamesii ;Torr. & Oray) Gray, Syn. Fl. 8upj>l. 117 (188t!);
Mimitliin Janiesii Torr. <ic Gr. ; DC I'loilr. x, 371 (184()).

In water: Hot Spriuijs, altitude 1,050 m., June 18; Ciistcr, altitiule 1,600 ni.,
August 1; Prinjilc. altitude 1,500 ni., August 5 (Xo. 923).

Gratiola virginiaua L. Sp. 1*1. i, 17 (17.53).

The- roiolla in luy specimens is fully twice as long as the calyx. In niarsliy ])la(i- ;
15uckhorn Mountain, near Custer, altitude 1.70'J m., .Inly KJ; west of Custer, all i-
tndo 1,700 ni., July 25 (Xo.924).

Wulfeuia rubra (Hook.) Greene, Krythea, ii, 83 (1801) ; lliimmuidra rubra Hook
ri.lior.Auier.ii, 103(1838).

Hillsides: Custer, altitude 1,100 ni., .June (i (No. 025).

Veronica anagalli.'s L. Sp. I'l. i, 12 (1753).
Kare: Hot .Springs, altitude 1,0.50 m., June 10 (No. 020).
Veronica aniericana Scbwein. ; IJenth. in DC. Prodr. x, 1G8 (1840).
lJai>id Creek, altitude 1,000 m., June 25; Wbitewood, altitude 1,150 ni., July 7;
Custer, altitude 1,600 m., August 1 (No. 927).

Veronica peregrina L. Sp. PI. i, 14 (1753).

My specimens are, decidedly glandular. Hills: Heiiuosa, altitude l,l(Hl ni., .luno
23; Lead City, altitude 1,700 in., July 6 (No. 928).

Castilleja acuminata (I'ursli) Spreng. Syst. ii, 775 (1825); Jlartaia acitminala
Pnrsh, Fl. ii, 429 (1814).

"Woods: Little Elk Canyon, altitude 1,100 ni., June 27; Elk Canyon, altitude
1,300 ni., June 29; Lead City, altitude 1,000 m., July 6 (No. 929).

Castilleja sessiliflora Pnrsb, Fl. ii, 738 (1814).

Table-land: Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 15 (No. 930).

Orthocarpus luteus Nutt. Gen. ii, 57 (1818).
Meadow: Custer, altitude 1,600 m., August 1 (No. 931).

VERBENACEiE.

Verbena stricta Vent. Hint. Cels." t.' 53 (1800).
Custer, altitude 1,000 in., August 1; Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., August 3
(No. 932).
Verbena hastata L. Sj). I'l. i, 20 (1753).
Kare: Hot Springs, altitude 1,0.50 m., .June 10 (No. 933).

Verbena bracteosa Mx. Fl. ii, 13 (1803).

Lead City, altitude 1,600 ni., .Inly 9 (No. 934).

Verbena bipinuatifida Nutt. .lonrn. Acad. I'bila. ii, 123 (1S21).

Prairie, 2 miles east of Fall River Falls, altitude 1,000 in., .lune IS (No. 9:%).

OROBANCHACE^.

Thalesia fasciculata (Nutt.) IJrittiui, Mem. Torr. Cluli, v, 298 (1894); Orohanche
fuxiiiulata Nutt. Gen. li, .59 (1818).

Jiare: Custer, altitude 1,6.50 in., Juno 0 (No. 936).
Orobauche ludoviciana Nutt. (ien. ii,58 (.1818;.
On tbe railroad euibaukment between Hot Springs and I'all liiver Falls, altitude

1,050 111., August >< (No. 937).

LABIATE.

Mentha canadensis glabrata r.entli. Lab. ISl (1833).

(Jray, in tbe Synoptical Flora, cites M. horcaha Mx. as a synonym, but this plant
does not agree wilb tbe description of Mieliaux's Hjiecies, wbiili perliaps is tlio
typical M. canadenftin and not tbe variety.

Hot Springs, altitude 1,050 m., August 3; Custci, altitude 1,0.50 in., August 20
(No. 938).

519

Lycopus sinuatus Ell. Bot. S. Car. A: Georg. i, 26 (1816).
Wet meadows: Custer, altitude 1,650 iii., August 20 (No. 939).
Hedeoma hispida Pursh, FI. ii, 414 (1814).

Dry i)laces : Kocliford. altitude 1,700, July 11 ; Custer, altitude 1,700 ni., August 1 ;
Minuekahta, altitude 1,300 m., August 4 (No. 940),-

Hedeoma druniniondii Beutli. Lab. 368 (1834).

Dry soil : Custer, altitude 1,700 m., July 16; Hot Spriugs, altitude 1,100 m., August 2
(No. 941).

Salvia lanceolata Willd. Euuui. 37 (1809).

The leaves are broadly oblong or spatulate. Custer, altitude 1,700 m., July 16;
Hot Spriugs, altitude 1,100 m., August 2 (No. 942).

Mouarda fistiilosa mollis (L.) Beutb. Lab. 317 (1833); Monanla mollis L. Auuen.
Acad, iii, 399 (1751)).

Hot Spi'iugs, altitude 1,100 ui., August 2; Custer, altitude 1,650 m., August 15
(No. 943); Eocbford, altitude 1,700 m., July 12 (No. 944).

VIeckia anethiodora (Nutt.) Greene, Mem. Torr. Club, v, 282 (1894); Hyssojuis
anethiodorHS Nutt. Eraser's Cat. (1813).

Among buslies: Wbitewood, altit^ude 1,100 m., July 7; east of Custer, ou the
Frtncb Creek, altitude 1,600 m., July 22 (No. 945).

Prunella vulgaris L. Sp. PI. ii, 600 (1753).

In damp woods: Wbitewood, altitude 1,150 m., July 7; east of Custer, altitude
1,600 m., July 22 (No. 946).

Dracocephalum parviflorum Nutt. Gen. ii, 35 (1818).

Hills: Elk Canyon, altitude 1,300m., June 29; Roebford, altitude 1,800 in., July 12
(No. 947).

Scutellaria galericulata L. Sp. PL ii, 599 (1753).

Ill French Creek, near Custer, altitude 1,600 m., .July 16 aud August 1 (No. 948).

Stachys palustris L. Sp. PI. ii, 580 (1753 ).

Two forms' were met with, one witli short, oblong leaves, smaller and darker flowers,
and more hairy stem (No. 949); the other with longer, lanceolate leaves, and larger
light-colored flowers (No. 1208). Lead City, altitude 1,700 m., July 7; Custer,
altitude 1,700 m., August 20.

Stachys aspera Mx. Fl. ii, 5 (1803).

Custer, altitude 1,700 m., August 20 (No. 9i50).

PLANTAGINACEiE.

Plantago major L. Sp. PI. i, 112 (1753).

Kuchlord, altitude 1,600 m., July 11 ; Custer, altitude 1,6.50 m., August 1 (No. 951).

Plantago purshii Koem. & Sehult. Syst. iii, 120 (1818).

Dry plains: Minuekahta, altitude 1,300 m., August 5 (No. 952).

NYCTAGINACEiE.

AUionia nyctaginea Mx. Fl. i, 100 (1803).

h'are: Hot Spriugs, altitude 1,050 m., August 2 (No. 953).

Allionia hirsuta Pursb, Fl. ii, 728 (1814).

Two forms were met with, wliich seem very distinct, but ray collection from the
Sand Hills of central Nebraska shows that they grade into each other. One has very
broad, oblong-lanceolate, or ovate-oblong leaves, the stem hairy throughout. Custer,
altitude 1,700 m., August 1 (No. 954). Tiie other baa narrow, lanceolate leaves, the
stem hairy only at the nodes. l\ochford, altitude 1,700 m,, July 11; Hot Spriugs,
altitude 1,100 m., August 2 (No. 955).

520

AUionia albida Walt. Fl. Car. 84 (1788).

TIrtc aro two forms in the collection, wbiiii I refer to this speries. The material
is too scanty and poor for a satisfactory determination. One form with broadly
lanceolate leaves was obtained at Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 ni., August 3 (Xo.tloG).
The other form, with very narrowly lanceolate or linear leaves, grew on the i>laius
between Custer and Fairburn, altitude 1,400 m., .Inly 23 (No. 957). Both forms dillV-r
from A. himnla in being smooth up to the ]»cdnnclc, and from J. linearis in tlio
leaves, which are undulate and sparingly ciliolato on the margin, and in the pedun-
cles and involucres, whi.h arc hispid.

Allionia linearis Pursh, Fl. ii, 728 (1814).

Custer, altitude 1,650 m., August 1; Hot Springs, altitude 1,1(M) m., August 3
(No. 058).

AMARANTHACEiE.

Amaranthus blitoides Wats. Troc. Anu'r. Acad, xii, L'73 (1S77).
K'aiiroad i-iubanlauent, Minnekahta. altitude 1,270 iii., August 4 (No. !)t!0).

CHENOPODIACEiE.

Chenopodium hybridum L. Sp. PI. i, 210 (1753).

One specimen, collected at Hot Springs, altitude 1,050 m., .luuo 17 (,Xo. OtJl).

Chenopodium album L. Sp. IM. i. 219 (1753).

Hot Springs, altitmle 1,050 ni., Juno 17 (No. 962).

Chenopodium fremonti Wats. Bot. King Surv. 287 (1871).

In damp woods: Sylvan I>ake, altitude 1,900 in., July 20 (No. 963).

Chenopodium fremonti incanum Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad, ix, 94 (1874).

Two small specimens collected near Fall Piver Falls, altitude 1,000 m., .lune 17
(\o. 964).

Chenopodium leptophyllum (Mofj.) Nutt. ; Moij. in DC. Prodr. xiii, pt. 2, 71
(1819), as synonym; C. album IvplophijlUim Moq. in DC Prodr. loc. cit.

Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 17 (No. 9t)5).

Chenopodium capitatum (L.) Wats. Bot. Cal. ii, 18 (1S80); JUitum cajyitatiiin L.
Sp. PI. i, 4 (1753).

Near the railroad, at Rochford, altitude 1,6(X) m., July 11 (No. 966).

Monolepis niittalliana(Poem. & Schult.) Greene, Fl. I'ran. 168(1891) ; JUitnn tiiil-
talliuiiiim Poem. A:. Schult. Syst. Mant. i, 65 (1822).

The leaves are more or less sinuately lobed, aud the stem more uprigiit. than in
Nebraska specimens. Bullalo Cap. altitude 1,0(H) m., Juno 21; Rochford, altitude
1,600 m., July 11 (No. 967).

POLYGONACEiE.

Eriogonum flavum Null. Irascrs Cat. 1813.

Dry hills: Hermosa, altitude 1,100 m., Juno 23; Le.id City, altitude 1,7(K1 m...luly4
(No. 96S).

Eriogonum annuum Nutt. 'J'rans. Amer. Phil. Si>c. ser. 2, v, 161 (1833-1837).

Hot Springs, .iltitudc 1,100 m., August 3 (No. 969).

Eriogonum paucifloriim Pursh, Fl, ii, 735 (1814).

The specimens agree well with the description of this species, except that th<^ invo-
lucre is narrowly turbinate, anil the lobes scarcely searious-niargined, and that the
Hcape is more slender aud the leaves are nearly glabrous above. Dry hills : Hermosa.
altitude 1,100 m., .lune 23 (No. 970),

Eriogonum multiceps Nees, in Max. Keise N. \. ii. 1 16 i isll).

Gypsum hills, near Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., August 3 (No. 971).

521

Riimex venostis Pnrsli, Fl. ii, 733 (1814).

Custer, altitude 1.700 in., Jime 5; Hermosa, altitude 1,100 ui., .hiiie 27 (No. 972).

Rumex occidentalis Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad, xii, 253 (1876).

Xear water: Buffalo Gap, altitude 975 ui., June 21; Custer, altitude 1,600 lu.,
August 1 (Xo. 973).

Rumex salicifolius Weinui. Fl. iv, 28 (1821).

Eoebford, altitude 1,600 m., July 12 (No. 974).

Rumex ciispus L. Sp. PI. i, 335 (1753).

1 believe this is n native of the Black Hills as well as of western Nebraska. Lead
City, altitude 1,600 m., Julj' 9; Custer, altitude 1,600 m., August 1 (No. 975).

Rumex acetosella L. Sp. PI. i, 338 (1753).

Introduced: near Whitewood, altitude 1,100 m., July 7 (No. 976),

Polygonum aviculare L. Sp. PI. i, 362 (1753).

Kochlord, altitude 1,600 m., July 11 (No. 977),

No. 978 is a small, undeveloped, erect form which I took to belong to this species.
Mr. J. K. Small, who has identified the species of Polygonum, writes : "It might be a
form of aviculare, Utorale, or rumosissimum,''

Polygonum litorale Link. Schrad. Jouru. Bot. i, 54 (1799).

Common alongthe railroad above Hot Springs, altitude 1,050 m., August 9 (No. 979) .
Some specimens are more upright and have broad, elliiitical leaves (No. 980).

Polygonum ramosissimum Mx. F]. i, 237 (1803).

Hot Springs, altitude 1,050 m., August 9 (No. 982).

Some luxuriant specimens, more decumbent and spreading, with thicker leaves,
resemble, according to Mr. Small, a form that has been named variety lyatiilum by
Engelmann in manuscrijit. Hot Spring.s, August 9 (No. 981).

Polygonum sa-watcheuse Small, Bull. Torr. Club, xx, 213 (1893).

Mr. Small remarks about this: "Slender form duo to the lower altitude than that
of the type." Custer, altitude 1,800 m., July 16 (No. 983).

Polygonum douglasii Greene, Bull. Cal, Acad, i, 125 (1885).

Tall, 4 to 7 dm. high, with conspicuous, strongly nerved sheath. Custer, altitude
1,700 in., August 1 (No. 984).

Polygonum lapathifolium L. Sp. PI. i, 360 (1753).

Hot Springs, altitude 1,050 m., August 9 (No. 985).

Polygonum emersum (Mx.) Britton, Trans. N. Y. Acad, viii, 73 (1889); Tol}j-
gonum (n)q)I>ibium emersum Mx. Fl. i, 240 (1803).

French Creek, east of Custer, altitude 1,400 m., July 22 (No. 986).

Polygonum viviparum L. Sp. PI. i, .360 (1753).

In wet place, among moss, below Sylvan Lake, altitude 2,000 m., .Inly 19 (No. 987).

Polygonum convolvulus L. Sp. PI. i, .364 (1753).

Railroad embankment. Hot Springs, altitude 1,050 ni., August 9 (No. 988).

ELEAGNACEiE.

Eleagnus argentea Pursh, Fl. i, 114 (1814).

Hills in the Limestone District, near Bull Springs, altitude 1,900 m., July 27,
(No. 989).

Lepargyraea canadensis (L.) Greene, Pittonia, ii, 122 (1890); Ilippnithal: canaden-
aia L. Sp. IM. ii, IdlM (1753).

Woods: Custer, altitude 1,700 m., May 30; Little Elk, altitude 1.100 ni., June 28;
Lead City, altitude 1,600 m., July 6 (No. 990).

Lepargyraea argentea (Nutt.) Greene, Pittonia, ii, 122(1890); Kkaynua ar<jentea
Nutt. Eraser's Cat. (1813).

A few buslies were seen near Hot Springs, liut no specimens were secured.

i;il41— Xo. 8 o

522

SANTAIiACEiE.

Coniandra pallida A. DC. I'rodr. xiv, 0:5(3 (1S57).

TaMo-land: Hot Spriugs, altitude 1.100 in., .Iuii<- 1*J; llcnno.sa, altitude 1,100 lu.,

Juno 23 (No, Wl).

EUPHORBIACEiE.

Euphorbia glyptosperma Eiigt-liii, IJot. Mux. Bound. 187 (1859),

Sandy soil: Hot Springs, altitudo 1,0.')0 in., August U (No, U02),

Euphorbia hexagona Nutt. ; Spreug. Syst, iii, 701 (1820).

Sand draw : ]Iot Springs, altitudo 1,150 m., August I) (No. OOiJ),

Euphorbia marginata Pursli, Fl. li, 007 (1814).

ll(.t Springs, altitude 1,0.")0 m., August 9 (No. 994).

Euphorbia dentata Mx. Fl. ii, 211 (1803).

A very variable species. In the same spot were found specimens wliicli might 1)6
referred to Js, dentata proper, to variety rirjida, and to variety linearis. Some even
approached £. citjyhosjycnna Engehn,, ■which seems to me, however, to be a variety of
E. dentata. lu several cases the seeds approach those of A', cuphosperma, being more
or less ovoid-pyramidal, with a groove ou one side. The leaves are from broadly
ovate to linear, and from coarsely dentate to nearly entire.

Sandy soil: Hot Springs, altitude 1,050 in,, June 19 and August 3 (No, 995).

Euphorbia dictyosperma Fisch, iV Mey. Ind, Hort, Petrop, ii, 37 (1835).

Hot Si)rings with the preceding, .Tune 17 anil August 3 (No. 996).

Euphorbia montana robusta Engelm. Bot. Mex. Bound. 192 (1859).

Hillsides: Hot Sjirings, altitude 1,100 m., June 17 (No, 997),

Crotou texensis (Klotzsch) Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv, jit. 2, 692 (1866); llcn-
decandia tcxcnuifi Klotzsch, in Erichs. Archiv. i, 2.52 (1841).

Sandy soil: Hot Springs, altitude 1,050 m., August 9 (No. 998),

t URTICACEiE.

Ulmus americaua L. Sp. PI. i, 226 (17.')3).

Along Fall Pi\ er, altitude 1,000 to 1,100 m,, rare. August 8 (No, 999).
Celtis occidentalis E. Sp, I'l. ii, 1044 (1753),

Only one shrubby sijccimcn seeu, near Hot Springs, altitude 1,000 ni., Augusts
(No. 1000).
Urtica gracilis Ait. Hort. Kew, iii, 841 (1879).
Not connnon: Custer, altituds^ 1,6.50 m., August 1 (No. 1001).
Parietaria permsylvaiiica Mulil. ; AVilld. Sj). PI. iv, 9.55 (1805).
In shady woods, rare: Hot Springs, altitude 1,050 m., June 13 (No. 1(H)2).

Humulus lupulus L. Sp. Pi. ii. 1028 (1753).

Along French Creek, below Custer, rare; altitude 1,5(K) ni., July 22 (No, 1003).

' CUPULIFERiE.

Betula papyrifera Marsh. Arb. Anier. 19 (1785).

Conunon in the Black Hills proper. Elk Canyon, allitudi' l,2(Hl ni.. .lune 29
(No. KKM).

Betula occidentalis Hocdi. Fl. l!or. .\mer. ii. 1.55 [1838].

The common form in the Black Hills is a tree about 10 m. high with leiives about
as large as those of tlie i)re(cding. In l>loom : Custer, altitude 1,100 m., June 5;
Little Elk Canyon, altitude 1,2(K) m., .June 27 (No. 1005). Another form was found
scarcely I m. high with smaller, sharjjly and doubly serrate leaves, more glandular
stem, shorter aments with shorter lateral lobes to the bracts. It ajjproaches the
next somewhat in habit and general appearance, but evidently belongs to II. occidcti'
taliH. Near a brook : Oreville, altitude 1,625 m., July 23 (No. 1006).

523

Betula glandulosa Mx. Fl. V>ov. Aujct. ii, l!St) (18(i;i).

A shrub 1 t(j 1.5 iii. high. Roihlbrd, altitude 1,(500 ui., July 11' (No. 1007).

Corylus rostrata Ait. Ilort. Kew. iii, 364 (1789).

litre and there iu tlie hills, but not coiiimou: Elk Cauyon, altitude 1,200 m.,
dune 29 (No. 1008).

Ostrya virgiuiaua (Mill.) Willd. Sp. PI. iv, -109 (1805); Cariylnns rirfjiiiiaua Mill.
Diet. ed. 8, no. 1 U"68)-

Among the foothills: Eapid City, altitude 1,000 ni., June 25 (No. 1009).

Queicus macrocarpa Mx. Hist. Chen. Amer. ii, 2 (1801).

In the foothills. In most places only shrubby, 3 to G ni. high, hnotty. On the
u|iper Squaw Creek, east of Custer, there Avere good-sized trees. Hermosa, altitude
1, 100 m., June 21 ; Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., June 29 (No. 1010).

At the lirst place specimens. occurred which had more narrowly lobed leaves and a
more straight and vigorous growth. Only young trees were seen (No. 1011).

SALICACEiE.

Salix bebbiana Sargent, Gard. A Fur. viii, 403 (1895); Salix roslrala Richards.
App. Frankl. Journ. 753 (1823), not Thuil. Fl. Par. 51(3 (1790), nor Schleich (1S07);
S. vayuna occidintalis Anders. Kougl. Akad. Stock. Forh. (1858), not S. occidenialls
Bosc. in Koch, Sal. Com. 1(5 (1828).

A shrub 1 to 3 meters high. Custer, altitude 1,700 m., May 30 (No. 1012) ; June 6
(No. 1013). In fruit aud leaf: Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., June 30 (No. 1016);
Hermosa, altitude 1,100 m., June 24; Custer, altitude 1,700 ni., August 16; Hot
Springs, altitude 1,100 m., August 7 (No. 1018). A few specimens with thick leaves
as in S. hnmilis and S. tristis were collected at Rochford, altitude 1,700 m., July 12.
Even these have been refterred to .S'. rostrata by Mr. Bebb (No. 1019).

SaUx discolor Muhl. Neue Schrift. Gesell. Naturf. Freuude Berlin, iv, 234 (1803).
A shrub 2 to 8 m. high. Custer, altitude, 1,700 m., June 4 (No. 1014).

SalLx cordata Muhl. Neue Schrift. Gesell. Naturf. Freunde Berlin, iv, 236(1803).
Near water: Custer, altitude 1,7(J0 m., June 4 (No. 1015); leaves, Lead City, alti-
tude 1,600 m., July 9 (No. 1017).

Salix fluviatilis Nutt. Sylva, 73 (1842); S. loufjij'olia Muhl. Neue Scrift. Gesell.
Naturf. Freunde Berlin, iv, 236 (1803), not Lam.
K'ochford, altitude 1,650 m., July 11 (No. 1020).

Populus tremuloides Mx. Fl. ii, 243 (1803).

Common in the higher parts of the Black Hills. Custer, altitude 1,700 in., June 4,
female llowers (No. 1021).

Populus deltoides Marsh. Arb. Amer. 106 (1785); /'. mouU'iJ'era Ait. Ilort. Kew.
iii, 406 (1809).

Common in the foothills: Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., .June 17, iiuit; August 3,
leaves (No. 1022).

One tree, with unusually narrow crown, was found in a canyon east of Hot Springs,
Augu.st 3. Of this all the leaves were longer than broad, cuneate at the base, with
long acumiuation and with larger teeth than usual (No. 1023).

Populus acuminata Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club, xx, 50 (1893).

This is the same as No. 372 of my western Nebraska collection, but the leaves are
broader and with shorter acumination. Only three trees found, near Hot Springs,
altitude 1,100 m., August 3 fNo. 1024 ).

Populus aiigustifolia James, Long Exped. i, 497 (1823).

Common along Little Elk Creek, altitude 1,100 m., June 28 (No. 1025).

524

ORCHIDACEiE.

Corallorhiza corallorhiza (L.) Karst. Di-utscli. I'l. lis ( ISSO-l.ss:!) ; Ophri/s ,ornl-
lorhiza ].. Sp. I'l. ii. 94.", (175:?).

Little Elk Canyon, altitnilc 1,1(»0 in.. .luiio I'T : I.rad C:ity. altitude l,tiU(» ni.. July 6
(No. 1026).

Corallorhiza inultiflora Nutt. .Jouru. Arad. I'liila. iii, 138 (1823).

Klk Canyon, altitmle 1,300 ni., .June 29; Lead City, altitude 1,600 ni.. July 1 ; Cus-
ter, altitude 1,600 ni.. .Inly 16; Sylvan Lake, altitude 2,0(X) ni.. July 19 (No. 1027).

Habeuaria liyperborea (L.) R. Br.; Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2, v. 193 (1813); Orchis
hiiperhorca L. Mant. 121 (17()7).

Wet places: Lead City, altitude 1,600 ni., July (i; near llarney.s IVak, altitude
2,000 m., July 20 (No. 1028).

Habeuaria bracteata (Willd.) R.' Br. ; Ait. 1 lort. Kew. ed. 2, v, 192 (1813) ; Orchis
bracleata V.'illd. Sp. PI. iv, 34 (1805).

Wet places in woods at liigh altitudes, near llanieys I'cak, altitude 2.000 ni., -
July 20 (No. 1029).

Gyrostachy.s romanzoflfiana (Cliani.) MacMillan, Metasp. Minn. Val. 171 (1892);
Spiraiithi:-; romanzoljiaiia Cliani. Linna^a, iii, 32 (1828).

Ruby Glen, near Custer, altitude 1,700 ni., Angnst 10 (No. 1030).

Peramium repens (L.) Salisli. 'I'rans. Hort. Soo. i, 301 (1812); Sdliirinm rcpciis L.
Sp. I'l. ii. 015 (17.53).

Only two specimens Ibund : below Sylvan Lake, altitude 1,900 ni.,.Iuly 10 (No. 1031).

Cypripedium parviflorum Salisb. Trans. Linn. Soc. i, 77 (1701).

In woods: Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 ni., Juno 28 (No. 1032).

IRIDACEiE.

Iris missourieusis Nutt. Jouru. Acad. Pliila. vii, 58 (1834").

This is the /. tolmeiaita Herbert, of Newton and Jenuey's Report.

Collected in fruit only: Piedmont, altitude 1,100 ni., June 27; Roclifonl, altitude
1,600 ni., July 12 ; Prin^le. altitude 1,500 m., August 5 (No. 1033).

Sisyrinchium bermudiaua L. Sp. PI. ii, 054 (1753).

Among the foothills: Hot Sjnings, altitude 1,100 ni., .June 19; Klk Canyon, altitude
1,200 m., June 29 (No. 1034).

LILIACEiE.

Allium cernuum Roth, in Roeni. Arch. Hot. 1, pt. 3, 40 (179X),

All specimens of this siiecies, in tiie National Herbarium, from the Rocky Mountain
region have narrow and aj)parently channeled leaves; those Crom the eastern I'nited
States have broad and llattened leaves. I do not know which form should lie
regarded .as the typical one, as I have not seen the original description. The descrip-
tion and ligure in Curtis's Botanical Magazine agree with the specimens of this col-
lection iind, as far as I can judge, with all from the Rocky Mountain region. There
the leaves are represented as half-round and channeled, not as "sharply keeled"' as
they ;ire de8<;ribed in (iray's Manual, ed. 6. In mine they are not kel^led at all.

Bull SjiringH, altitude 1,0(X) m.. .Inly 26; Custer, altiliule l,(ino m.. August 1; Hot
Sjirings, altitude 1,100 m., August 3 (No. 1035).

Allium geyeri Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad, xiv, 227 ( 187!t).

Tills, as also the next, is describ<'d as having cresteil cjipsnles. The cn-sts are,
hoivever, easily overlooked, being 2 small lobes on ea<h valve, near the top. Ovei-
looking these, 1 niimeil this ./. wiituhili -.inil the next ./. iniliallii, whirii they resem-
ble, respectively, in habit.

Bull Springs, altitude 1,9(.>0 m., .Inly 26 (.No. 1U36).

\

525

Allium reticixlatum Don, Mem. Wern. Soc. vi, 30 (182(i-1831),

Edgemont, altitude 1,050 m., June 13 (Xo. 1037).

Leucocrinum montanum Nutt. ; Gray, Ann. Lye. X. Y. iv, 110 (1837).

Common around Custer, altitude 1,600 to 1,700 m., ISIay 30 (No. 1038).

Polygoiiatum biflorum commutatum (Koem. A: Schult.) Morong, Bull. Torr.
Club, XX, '180 (1893); ConvaJIaria commutata Rocni. A: Scliult. Sy.st. vii, 1071 (1830).

Lead City, altitude 1,600 m., July G (No. 1039).

Vagnera aniplexicaulis (Nutt.) Greene, Man. Lay Tve<;-. 316 (18!M); Sniildcina
anqitejUaitlis Nutt. Jouru. Acad. Phila. vii, 58 (183-1).

Wooded hilLside: Lead City, altitude 1,600 m., July 6 (No. 1010).

Vagnera stellata (L.) Morong, ]\Iem. Torr. CluT>, v. Ill (1894) ; ('(mralho-'ut sicllata
L. Sp. I'l. i, 316 (1753).

Rare: Klk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., June 29 (No. 1042).

A form with narrower, conduplicate leaves and s]i,u;litly longer pe<licels, corre-
sponding to Unifolium lUlaceiim Greene, was also Cound. Hot .Springs, altitude 1,100
m.. June 11 (No. 1041).

Unifolium canadense (Dcsf.) Greene, Bull. Torr. Club, xv, 287 (1888) ; ^^aianihcmu)n
C(tit(ideiisis Desf. Ann. ]\Ius. Par. ix, 54 (1807).

In shady woods: Little Elk Canyon, altitude 1.100 m., June 27 (No. 1043).

Yucca glauca Nutt. Eraser's Cat. 1813.

Among the foothills, east of Custer, altitude 1.400 m.. July 23 (No. 1044).

Lilium umbellatum I'ursh, Fl. i, 229 (1814). 1

In woods : Little Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., June 27 (No. 1045).

Calochortus gunnisoni "Wats. Bot. King Surv. 348 (1871).

In all specimens collected by me, tlie bulb was only a few inches below the surface,
and at the timi; of bloomiug wiYhout a secondary bulb. Hill above AVhitewood,
altitude 1.200 ni.. July 7 (No. 1046).

Calochortus nuttallii Torr. & Gr. I'ac. R. Rep. ii, pt. 2, 124 (1855).

In this the bulb was deep down, 15 to 25 cm. below the surface, at the time of
bloomiiig, often with a secondary small bulb a few cm. above the principal ones.
Fall River Falls, altitude 1,000 m., June 19 (No. 1047).

Streptopus amplexifolius (L.) DC. Fl. Fran, iii, 174 (1805) ; I'niUo-'ui iiwpJcxifoVia
L. Sp. IM. i, 304 (1753).

N«!ar water: Sylvan Lake, altitude 1,900 m., July 20 and August 7 (No. 1048).

Disporum trachycarpum (Wats.) Benth. & Hook. Gen. PI. iii, 832 (1883); Pro-
sartcs trdcJnjcarpa Wats. Bot. King Surv. 344 (1871).

In shady places below Sylvan Lake, altitude 1,900 m., June 8 and August 17
,(No. 1019).

Zygadenus elegans Pnrsh, Fl. i, 241 (1811).

Little Elk River, altitude 1,200 m., Juno 27; I-:ik Canyon, altitude 1,300 m.,.
June 29; I'.iill Springs, altitude 1,900 m., July 26 (No. 10.50).

Zygadenus venenosus Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad, xiv, 279 (1879).
This species has been confused with Z. nuttallii. Hot Springs, altitude 1, 100 m.,,
June 13 (No. 1051).

SMILACACEiE.

Smilax herbacea L. Sp. PL ii, 1030 (1753).

Hot Springs, altitude 1,050 m., June 19 (No. 1052).

COMMELINACEiE.

Tradescantia virginiana L. Sp. PI. i, 288 (1753).
Hot Springs, altitude 1,U50 in., .Juno 13 (No. 1053).

<

626

JUNCACEiE.

Jxincus vaseyi Knfjelm. Trans. St. Louis Acad, ii, 4IH (l^fifi).

In liiibil vfiy iiiiuh reseiubliiiy the next, from which it ditlcis in tlic lonjier, nar-
rower capsnlc aii<l the tailed seeds. It was (ji-owing togctlier with the next at Hot
Springs, altitude 1,050 in., August 3 (No. 1051).

Juncus tenuis Willd. Sp. PI. ii, 211 (1799).

Hot Springs, altitude 1,050 m., August 3; Custer, altitnd.- 1.050 ni.. May 30 (No. 1055).

Juncus bufonius L. Sp. PI. i. 328 (1753).

Kare: Ih-rinosa, altitude 1,050 m., Juno 22 (No. 1056).

Juncus longistylis Torr. ]5ot. Mex. Bound. 223 (1859).

Not common: Lead City, altitude 1,700 ni., July 6 (No. 1057).

Juncus xiphioides niontanu.s Kngelni. Trans. Acad. St. Louis, ii, 181 (1868).

Kare; vcct meadow : Custer, altitude 1,000 ni., August 10 (No. 10.58).

Juncus nodosus L. Sp. PI. ed. 2, i, 166 (1762).

r.anks of Fall Kiver, near Hot Springs, altitude 1,0.50 ni.. August 3 (No. 1060).

Juncus torreyi Covillc, Bull. Torr. Cluh. xxii, 303 (1895); Jiiiniis nodosus megace-
phalits Torr. V\. N. Y. ii, 326 (1843), not J. mcgaoephalnH Curtis.

With the preceding (N'o. 1061).

Juncoides comosuni (Meyer) Sheldon, Bull. CJcol. Nat. Hist. Surv. Minn, ix, 61
(1891 ) ; J.nziila omom Meyer, Syn. Lu/,. 18 (1823).

Kare: Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 ni., June 29 (No. 1062).

ALISMACEiE.

Sagittaria arifolia (Nutt.) J. G. Smith, Ann. Kep. Mo. Bot. Gard. vi. [reprint 6]
(1891).

The akcnes are not mature enough for satisfactory identification. Custer, altitude
1.600 m.. July 16; Hot Springs, altitude 1,0.50 m.. August 3 (No. 1063).

ZANNICHELLIACEiE.

Potamogeton pectinatus L. S]). I'l. i, 127 (1753). ^

In the warm springs above Hot Spring.s, altitude 1,050 in,, August 3 (No. 1064).
Potamogeton foliosus Kaf. Med. Kep. ser. 2, v, 354 (1808).
In the warm springs: Hot Springs, altitude 1,0.50 m., June 15 (No. 1065).

LEMNACEi9S.

Lemna minor L. Sp. TM. ii, 970 (1753).

i.'.ipid Cnek, altitude 1,000 in., July 25 (No. 1066).

CYPERACE^.

Cyperus aristatus l.'otth. Desc. A Icon. 23 (1773).

Kare: only a fews'mali specimens colleeted in IJnhy (Jlen, Cuater, altitude 1,700 ni.,
August 19 (No, 1007).

Cyperus acuniinatus Torr. A Hook. Ann. Lye. N. Y. iii, 4.35 (1836).
Wet meadow: Cust.-r, altitude 1,700 in., July 16 (No. 1068).

Scirpus americanus Pers. Syn. i, 68 (1805).

Very r:iie; only one poors])eciiucn secured : IJk Canyon, altitude 1.200 m., .luiio 29
(No. 1069),

Scirpus lacustris L, Sp, I'l, i, 18 (17.53).

r.lk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., .Iniie 29 (No. 1070).

Scirpus atrovirens pallidus Brilton, Trans. N. V. Aiad. i\. II (1889).

In French Creek, at Custer, altitude 1,600 m,, August 1 (No, 1071).

i

527

Scirpus cyperinus (L.) Kunth, Enum. ii, 170 (1837) ; Eriophorum ciiperiniim L. Sp.
PI. ed. 2. i, 77 (17(32).

Kare: Custer, altitude 1,000 lu., .July 10 (No. 1072).

Scirpus pauciflorus Lightf. Fl. Scot. 1078 (1777).

Banks of French Creek, Custer, altitude 1,600 lu., July 16 (No. 1073).

Eleocharis palustris (L.) Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. ii, l.")l (1817) ; Scirpus palus-
/r(sL. Sp. ri. i, 47 (1753).

The specimens of the form most common in the Black Hills are slender and resem-
ble variety //?a«c'fsc(Hs in habit, but the tubercle is rhomboidal, constricted below.
Lead City, altitude 1,600 m., .July 6; Custer, altitude 1,000 m., July 10 (No. 1074).

At Hot Springs, altitude 1,000 m., August 3, specimens were collected which had
a taller, llatteued culm, 0 to 8 dm. high; finely striate and purjilish at the base;
spikes large with thick, scarious-murgined bracts. No akenes were seen (No. 1075),

Eleocharis acuminata (Muhl.) Nees, Linna-a, ix, 294 (1835); Scirpus acuminatiis
Muhl. Gram. 27 (1817).

Low, about 2 to 2.5 dm. high, slender, fiat, resembling E. tenuis, but the akenes
are those of E. acuminata, viz, bluntly triangular, finely nniricate, yellowish, with
the tubercle small, pyramidal. Hot Springs, altitude 1,050 m., June 6; Hermosa,
altitude 1,000 m., June 24 (No. 1070).

Carex straminea crawei ' Boott, 111. 121 (1862).

Rare: Hot Springs, altitude 1,050 m., August 3 (No. 1077).

Carex filifolia Nutt. Gen. ii, 204 (1818).

This is regarded as very good for "winter pasture," and very likely has a nutritive
value. On a dry table-land: Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 14 (No. 1078).

Carex pennsylvanica Lam. Encycl. iii, 388 (1789).

A Avestern form with very long leaves (over 1.5 dm. long), was found in the open
valleys near Custer, altitude 1,700 m,, August 1 (No. 1079).

A low form with short leaves was common in early spring in the same valleys;
May 5 (No. 1080).

Carex marcida Boott; Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. ii, 212 (1839).

Two forms were collected, which Professor Bailey doubtfully refers to this species.
They are both too young for identification. One, more tufted and lower, was found
in the open valleys near Custer, altitude 1,700 m., June 5 (No. 1081). The other,
taller and more simple, was growing in a similar place, June 4 (No. 1084).

Carex richardsonii R. Br. ; Richards. App. Fraukl. Journ. 751 (1823).

Common throughout the open valleys around Custer, altitude 1,700 m., .Tune 6
(No. 1082).

Carex stenophylla Wahl. Kongl. Svcn. Vet. Akad. Handl. ser. 2, xxiv, 142 (1803).

The specimens are too young for identification, but are referred, subjectto question,
to this species. Open vallej' around Custer, June 1 (No. 1083).

Carex stricta Lam. Encycl. iii, 387 (1789).

A form of this species, very slender, with long, soft leaves. In a damp, shaded
place below Sylvan Lake, altitude 1,900 m., June 9 and July 18 (No. 1085).

Carex siccata Dewey, Amer. Journ. Sci. x, 278 (1826).

Rare: on the railroad embankment in Elk Canyon, altitute 1,200 m., June 29
(No. 1080).

Carex festiva Dewey, Amer. .lonrn. Sci. xxix, 246 (1835).

Very rare: near Rapid Creek, Rochford, altitude 1,600 m., July 12 (No. 1087).

Carex utriculata Boott, Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. ii, 221 (1839).
Wet meadow: Custer, altitude 1,6.50 m., July 16 (No. 1088).

' The Carices of this collection were determined by Prof. L. II. Bailey.

528

Carex longirostris Tdir. ; Stliwciii. Aim. Lye. X. V. i. 71 (1)^24).

]u a shaily, wot. pi ice helow Sylvan T.akc, altitude 1,900 in.. July 19 (Xu. 1089).

Carex nebraskensis Dowey, Amer. Jonrn. Sci. sor. 2, xviii, 102 (1851).

Meadow, near Custer, altitude 1,0.50 ni., July !(> (No. 1090).

Carex retrorsa Scbwein. Anu. Lj-c. N. Y. i, 71 (1821).

IJare: in wet luoadow, near Custer, altitude 1,6.")0 m., July If. (No. lOiH).

Carex dew^eyana Stliwein. Ann. Lye. N. Y. i, (>."> (1821).

IJaro: to-,'etlier with last, July 16 (No, 1092).

Carex aurea Nutt. Gen. ii, 205 (1818).

Hills near Load City, altitude 1,600 ni., July 6 (No. 1093a).

Carex varia Mnlil. ; Wahl. Kongl. Sven. A'et. Akad. Handl. sor. 2, xxiv, l.-)9 (18^3).

Wet places in Klk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., Juno 29 (No. lOiU).

Carex laxiflora blauda (l)ewoy) Roott, 111. 37 (18.")8); 0. hlatula Kowoy, Amer.
Journ. Soi. x, 45 (1826).

Sylvan Lake, July 18 (No. 1095).

Carex tribuloides bebbii (Olney) P.ailey. ]M<iu. Toir. Clnl), i, 55 (1889): C. hrhhii
Olncy, Exsicc. fiisc. 2, no. 12 (1871).

Together with C. straminea irawei at Hot Springs, altitude l,(i5t) m.. August 3
(No. 1209a).

Carex tenella Sehk. Riedgr. 23 (1801).

Rare: together with C. deirnjana and C. retrorsn, liolow Sylvan Lake, altitude
1,900 ni., July 18 (No. 1210a).

GRAMINE^.

Panicuin capillare L. Sp. PI. 1, 58 (1753).

A very small and slender form, the same as No. 1788 of my collection from the Sand
Hills of central Nebraska. Hot Springs, altitude 1,0.50 m., August 9 (No. 1096).

Panicum virgatum L. Sp. PL i, 59 (1753).

Hillside, near Fall Kiver Falls, altitude 1,000 m., July 10 (No. 1097),

Panicum scoparium Lam. Encycl. iv, 744 (1797),

Hill. Lead City, altitude 1,700 ui,, July 9 (No. 1098).

Paiiicum dichotomum L. Sp. PI. i, 58 (1753),

A low and hairy form. Pull Springs in the Limestone district, altitude 1,900 m.,
July 27 (No. 1099).

Panicum depauperatum Muhl. Descr. Gram. 112 (1817).

Dry hills: Lead City, altitude 1,700 m., July 4; Custer, altitude l,7tM> ni., July 18
(No.nOO).

Panicum crus-galli L. Sp. PI. i, 56 (1753).

A low and smooth form. Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., Juno 13 (No. 1101).

Setaria viridis (L.) Peauv. Agrost. (1812); I'anirum rir'uh L. Sp. PI. ed. 2, i, 83
(1762).

In the spceimens collected, the bristles are nnusually long and generally i)uri>li.sh.
Railroad embankment near Minuekahta, altitude 1,270 lu., August 4 (No. 1102).

Spartina cynosuroides (L.) Willd. Enum. 80 (1809); iMutiiUs ciiiiosiiriti<hs L. Sp.
PI. i, 71 (1753).

Custer, altitude 1650 m., July 16 (No. 1103),

Beckmannia erucEeformis (L,) Host, Gram. Aiistr. iii, 5. t. 6 (1805); I'hahuh cni-
caformlii I.. Sj). PI. \.~>~> (1753).

In a pond north of Custer, altitude 1,6.50 m., July 16 (No. 10!(3/»),

Andropogon provincialis Lam, Encycl. i, 376 (1783).

A glaucous form a])proaching J. hallii. Minnekabta I'lains, .iltitude 1,300 m,,
August 5 (No. 1104).

529

Andropogon scoparius Mx. Fl. i, 57 (1803).

A -wliolly smooth form, tufted, Avitli flattened, sheaths. Miuuokahta Phiins, alti-
tude 1,300 ni., August 5 (No. 1105).

Phalaris arundinacea L. Sp. PI. i, .55 (1753).

In a stream near Buffalo Gap, altitiule 975 ni., June 21 (No. 1100).

Savastana odorata (L.) .Scribncr, Mem. Torr. Club, v, 31 (1894); fMciift odoraius
L. Sp. PI. ii, 1018 (17.53).

Rare: Priugle, altitudes 1,500 m., August 5 (No. 1107).

Alopecurus geniculatus fulvus (Smith) Scribn. Mem. Torr. Club, v, 38 (1894);
A. fiih-us Smith, Engl. Bot. t. 1467 (1793).

. Connuou : Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., June 29; Rochford, altitude 1,6.50 m.,
July 11; Custer, altitude 1,600 ni., July 16 (No. 1108).

Phleuni pratense L. Sp. PI. i, 59 (1753).

Nfar a brook, south of Lead City, altitude 1,600 m., July 9 (No. 1109).

Stipa spartea Trin. :\rem. Acad. St. Petersb. ser. 6, i, 82 (1829). ■
Hills: Custer, altitude 1,700 m., August 16 (No. 1110).

Stipa comata Trin. & Rupr. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. ser. 6, v, 75 (1842).
Hills: Custer, altitude 1,700 m., August 16 (No. 1111).

Stipa viridula Trin. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. ser. G, ii, 39 (1836).
Hills: Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 ni., August 3 (No. 1112).

Stipa lichardsonii Link, Ilort. Berol. li, 245 (1833).

This is the true S. richardsouii Link, according to Prof. F. LamsonScribner, not
the plantso named in Gray's Manual, AvLichis a distinct species, S.macoiinii Scribner.
As most descriptions refer to this latter, I at lirst thought that my plant was a new-
species and described it as folloNvs: Culms tufted from a short rootstock, slender, 6
to 9 dm. high, smooth; root leaves 1.5 to 2.5 dm. long, stiff, involute, from a loose
sheath, minutely scabrous; panicle of slender, llexuoso capillary branches, 1 to 1.5
dm. long, which are generally in pairs; outer glumes ovate, membranaceous .above,
hyaline and acute, unequal, both 3-nerved, purplish when young; flowering glumes
only 4 mm. long, black when mature, thinly hairy all over ; awn 15 to 25 mm. long, bent
at the middle, the lower half twisted, slightly hairy. It much resembles S. avenacea,
but has a grain of only two-thirds the size and an awn scarcely one-half as long.

On Avooded hills: Rochford, altitude 1,700 in., July 12; Custer, altitude 1,600 m.,
August 19 (No. 1113).

Oiyzopsis asperifolia Mx. Fl. i, 51 (1803).

Both this and the next are wanting in Coulter's Manual. Sylvan Lake, altitude
1,800 m., June 8 (No. 1114),

Oryzopsis juncea (Mx.) B. S. P. Prel. Cat. N. Y. 67 (1888) ; Siipa juiuea Mx. Fl. i,
54 (1803).

Together with the preceding (No. 1115).

Oryzopsis micrantha (Trin. & Rupr.) Thurb Proc. Acad. Phila. 1863, 78 (1863);
Urachne micraniha Trin. & Rupr. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. ser. 6, v, 16 (1842),

Rare: Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., June 29 (No. 1116).

Oryzopsis cuspidata (Nutt.) Benth ; Vasey, Grasses U. S. 23 (1883); Eriocoma ciis-
pldaia Nutt. Gen. i, 40 (1818); Oryzopsis vumhranacea (Pursh) A'asey, Grasses S. W.
pt. 2, t. 10 (1891); Sfqm membranacca Pursh, Fl. ii, 728 (1814), not L.

In canyons: Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 13 (No. 1117).

Aristida fasciculata Torr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. i, 154 (1824).

Custer, altitude 1,700 m., August 16; Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., August 3
(No. 1118).

530

Muhleiibergia racemosa ( Mx. ) ]'>. S. 1'. ]'iil. Cat. N. Y. (57 (1.S.SS) ; Atjrosth raccmosa
Mx. Fl. i, 53 (1803).

A tall iiiul leafy loriii which may perhaps l>e relerretl to the varioty ramosn. Coni-
nioii on rrench Creek, altitude 1,6(X) in., July 22 (No. 1120).

A few specimens were collected near Custer, altitude 1,100 ni., August 1, which
dilVer in beiny; more slender and in the empty glumes having longer awns (No. 1121).

Sporobolus cryptandrus (Torr. ) (>ray, Man. ."i7t) (1848) ; Aqroatis rriiptaudru Torr.
Ann. Lye. N. Y. i, 151 (1824).

Talde-lands: Hot Springs, altitude l.ldO m.. August 10 (No. 1122).

Sporobolus heterolepis (iray. Man. cd. i, 57ti (1848); Vilfn In terolcpin (Ir.iy. Aun.
Ly<'. X. Y. iii, 233 (1835).

IJare: Pringle, altitude 1,500 m., August 5 (No. 1123 1.

Sporobolus cuspidatus (Torr.) Scribuer, Bull. T(ur. Club x, 63 (1882); Vilfa
citx)>i(I(ita Torr. ; Hook. Fl. lior. Amer. ii, 238 (1840).
In Gray's list, Newton tS: Jenney's Report.'

Agrostis alba L. Sp. PI. i, G3 (1753).

In wet meadows below Custer, altitude 1,000 m., August 1 (No. 1124).

Agrostis exarata Triu. I'nitl. 207 (1824).

Kare: Hot Springs, altitude 1,050 ni., August 10 (No. 1125).

Agrostis hiemalis (\Valt.) B. S. P. Cat. PI. N. Y. 08 (1888); Cornncopuv hi/emalis
Walt. Fl. Car. 74 (1788). teste Mx.

The specimens have broad, upright loaves. Wet meadow : Custer, altitude 1.000 m.,
July 16 (No. 1126).

Calaniagrostis canadensis Mx. Beauv. Agrost. 15 (1812) ; Aniiido canadentiis Mx.
Fl.i,73.(1803).

In my specimens the leaves are more or less invcdute. Along Fall Kiver. Hot
Springs, altitude 1,050 m., August 10 (1128).

Calaniagrostis canadensis dubia (Seribner) Vasey, Contr. Nat. Herb, iii, 80
(1892) ; iJeycuj-ia diihia Seribner, Bot. (iaz. xi, 171 (1886).
Wet meadow, below Custer, altitude 1,600 m., August 16 (No. 1127).

Calaniagrostis neglecta (Khrli.) Caertn. IT. Wett. i, 01 (179!t); Arundo ncglccta
Ehrh. I'.eitr. vi, 137 a7!tl ).

Kare: Hot Springs, altitude 1,050 m., August 3 (No. 1129).

Calamagrostis sylvatica americana Vasey, Coutr. Nat. Herb, iii, 83 (1892).

Very probably this is a distinct species. It ditVers much from C. sylvatica of
Europe. Woods: Po. hford, altitude 1,650 m., .July 11 (No. 1130).

Calaniovilfa longifolia (Hook.) Hack. True fir;is.ses, 113 (1890); ('alamatirostis
longifolia Uook. Fl. Bor. Amer. ii, 241 (1810).

Hot Springs, .iltitude 1.100 m., August 9 (No. 1131).

Avena striata Mx. Fl. i, 73 (1803).

In woods: Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 in.. .Iuu(> I'.O; Custer, altitude 1.700 m.,
July 10 (No. 1132).

Danthonia spicata (L.) Beauv.; Poem. A: Schult. Syst. Veg. ii. CtOO (1817) ; Arena
spitftld L. Sji. PI. i, SO (1753).

In woods, not uncommon: Kochford, altitude 1,70(1 in.. .Inly 12; Custer, altitude
1.(;.50 m., August 16 (No. 1133).

Schedonnardus paniculatus (Nutt.) Trelease; Branner A: Coville, Rep. fJeol.
Siirv. Ark. 18SS, i>t. 4, 236 (1891); Leptiirim paninilaliis Nutt. Gen. i, 81 (1818).

Very rare: Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 in., June 19 (No. 1134).

'Geol. Surv. lUack Hills. 537 (1880).

531

Bouteloua hirsiita Lag. Var. Cieuc. y I^itter. ii, |>t. 4, 141 (1S05).

Prairies: Ifot Springs, altitude 1,100 in., Juno 111 { Xo. lloS).

Bouteloua oli^ostachya (Xutt. ) Torr. ; Gray, I\Ian. 0(1.2,553 (1856); Jllierojioijon
oJigosiachyiis Xutt. Gen. i, 78 (1818).

Prairies: Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 ni.. .]nuo 11) (X'o. 113(5).

Bouteloua curtipendula (Mx.) Torr. in Emory, Mil. Recon. 153(1848); Chloris
cnrtipendiila. Mx. Fl. i, 59 (1803).

Rare: Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., .Tune 19 (No. 1137).

Bulbilis dactyloides (Nutt.) Raf. ; Kuntzo, Rev. Gen. PI. ii, 763 (1891); Sesleria
(ladijloidcs Xutt. Gen. 1, 65 (1818).

Prairies: Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 in., June 13; on the Frencli Creek, oast of
Custer, altitude 1,400 ni., July 18 (Xo. 1138).

Kceleria crlstata (L.) Pors. Syn. 1,97 (1805); Aira cristala L. Sp. PI. i, 6-3 (1753).

Connnon: Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., .June 18; Elk Canyon, altitude 1,L'00 m.
Juno 30; Lead City, altitude 1,700 m., July 9; Rocliford, altitude 1,700 m., July 12
(No. 1139).

Eatouia peunsylvanica (DC.) Gray, Man. e<l. 2, 558 (1856) ; Ktchria pciiiisylvanica
DC. Cat. Hort. Monsp. 117 (1813).

Rare: Hot Springs, altitude 1,050 ni., June 15 (X^o. 1140).

Catabro.sa aquatica (L.) Beauv. Agrost. 157 (1812); Aira aqiiaiica L. Sp. PI. i, 64
(1753).

In a swamp near Pringle, altitude 1,500 m., August 5 (Xo. 1141).

Eragrostis major Host, Gram. Austr. iv, 14 (1809).

Rare: Hot Springs, altitude 1,050 m., August 9 (Xo. 1142).

Dactylis glomerata L. Sp. PI. i, 71 (1753).

Rare: Hot Springs, altitude 1,0.50 m., June 15 (X'o. 1143).

Poa feiidleriana (Steud.) Vasey, 111. X^. A. Grasses, ii, 74 (1893); Erar/rostis fend-
Jeriiotu Steudel, Syn. PI. Gram. 278 (1855).

The panicle is more open than usual, and the glumes are very light iu color and
shining. It was growing in big tufts on the prairies south of Pringle, altitude
1,.500 m., August 5 (Xo. 1144).

A few hunches with broader, flat leaves and greener floweis were found at Hot
Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 13 (Xo. 1145).

Poa tenuifolia Buckley, Proc. Acad. Phila. 1862, 96 (1862).

Of two forms collected, one is tall, 4 to 5 dm. high, with broader leaves. Elk
Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., June 29; Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., August 3 (Xo.
1146). Another form, referred to this species by Professor Scribner, is densely tufted,
1 to 2 dm. high, scabrous; leaves 3 to 7 cm. long, very narrow, soon involute, scab-
rous; panicle 5 to 7 cm. long, narrow, with sbort, upright branches. It differs from
the typical form in size, in the narrow, scabrous leaves, the smaller and more rounded
spikelots, and tho broader glumes. l>ry .soil : Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 13
(Xo. 1147).

Poa nevadensis Vasey, Bull. Torr. Club, x, 66 (1883).

Oil the railroad ombankiiumt above Custer, altitude 1,6.50 m.,.Iuly 16 (Xo. 1148).

Togetlier witii the more typical form, another was growing that had a very thick
and dense i>ani< lo 10 to 15 cm. long and over 2 cm. wide, and large 5- to 8- flowered
spikelets, about 1 cm. long, on a short pedicel (Xo. 1149).

Poa annua L. Sp. PI. i, 68 (1753).

IJare: Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., June 29 (Xo. 11.50).

Poa pseudopratensis ' Scribner A: lvydl)erg, sjt. nov. Pi,. XX.

(.'ulms croit. 1 to 2 feet higli from a croepiug lootstock. Sheaths smooth or very

'Tho dcscrijjtion of this species is drawn by Prol'. F. L.amsou-Scribuer.

532

minutely scabrous; ligule scarions, acute, nbout 2 liucs long, decurrent; leaf blade'
Hat, 1 to '^ lines wide, those of tbo culm 1 to 3 incbcs long, those of the sterile shoots
G to 10 inches long, miduervc prominent beneath, smooth on both surfaces except
near the rigid acute tips, the distinctly cartilaginous margins scabrous. Taniclc 2
to 4 or 5 (usually about 3) inches long, the scabrous branches at Jirst nearly erect,
widely spreading in anthcsis; spikelets 3- to 5-llo\vered, 3 to 4 lines long, usually
much longer than the rough pedicels; empty glumes nearly equal, 3-nerved, broadly
lanceolate, acute with scarions margins and tips, the l<eel of the larger second glume
scabrous near the apex; llowering glumes oblong, obtuse, 5-nerved, with scarions
margins, silky-hairy on the nerves to near the middle and pubescent all over on the
dorsal surface near the base, minutely scabrous in the ujtper ])art; i)alea as long as
the glume, ciliate-scabrous on the keels, villous near the base.

It has Ijeen doubtfully referred to /'. jyralcnsis. From this it differs in its hmger
and acute ligule, its hirger spikelets, and its less strongly compressed glumes, which
have broader scarious margins and no cobweb at the base. It resembles also,^
somewhat, /'. alpina, but differs in its larger size, long, creeping rootstock, long, acute
ligule, and empty glumes not conspicuou.sly crested on the keel.

Hot Springs, altitude 1,(150 m.. .June 13; Custer, altitude l,().">Om., .Inly 1(5 (Xo. 1151),
No. 1272 from the Sand Hills of central Nebraska is the same. It has also been col-
lected by .John Macoun at Cypress Hills, I>ritish America, in August, 1880, and l>y
Mrs. S. B. Walker at Castle Kock, Colo., in 1890,

Poa pratensis L. Sp. PI, i, 67 (1753),

A variable species, the extreme forms of which seem very dilVercnt from each othcv.
One form, very low and tufted with Aery narrow leaves and small spikelets. was found
near Lead City, altitude 1,(300 m,, .July 6 (No. 1153), A form 5 to 8 dm, high, with
broad and long leaves (15 to 20 cm, long and G mm. wide), and very largo spikelets
was collected at Hot Springs, altitude 1,050 m,, .June 13 (No, 115G), A similar one,
but with narrow panicle as in P. scvotina, Avas found iu Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m.,
June 30 (No, 1157), These are perhaps distinct from V. pratensis.

Poa nemoralis L, Sp, PI. i, 69 (1753).

Several forms were collected, which have all been referred to this 8]>ecies by Pro-
fessor Scribner, One is a low plant approaching variety stricta, but having a more
open panicle. It resembles P. casia collected by Rushy in Arizona, Hot Springs,
altitude 1,0.50 m,, .lune 14 (No, 1155). A form that by several has been mistaken for
i'. 8(ro/iHrt was collected at Lead City, altitude 1,600 m., .Inly G; Custer, altitude
1,700 m,, August 1 (No. 11.58), It has stiff leaves and spreading panicle, P.scrotina
of C. C, Parry's collection and perhaps of Watson, King Survey collection, is the
same. Another form is like the last, but with smaller and light-colored s])ikelet8
and broader, more flaccid leaves. In a wet ]dace: Rapid City, altitude 1,000 m.,
.Tune 25 (No, 11.59), A slender form with >si)reading panicle, small, light-green spike-
lets, and longer ])edicels was mistaken for P.ahuchs. Lead City, altitude 1,G00 ra.,
July G (No. IIGO).

Panicularia nervata (Willd.) Kuntze, Kev. (leu, PI. ii, 783 (1891); Poa uerrata
Willd. Sp. PI. 1,389(1798).

In wet meadows: Whitewood. altitu<le 1,100 m,, .Inly 7 (No, llGl),

Panicularia americana (Torr.) MacMillan, Metasj). Minn. A'al, 81 (1892); Poa
aqiiatica amerlrana Torr. Fl. U. S. i, 108 (1824),

In i)onds, above Custer, altitude 1,0.50 m., July 16 (No. 1163),

Festuca oviiia 1.. Sp. PI. i. 73 (1753) var.

The 8i>e<imens are low, with a narrow panicle. an:l short, narrow leaves. It
resenddes the \arU'.ty j^sejido-oritui Hack. It grows in bunches on dry prairie. Lead
City, altitude 1,600 m., July 4 (No. 1104),

(

Conlr. Nat. Herb.. Vol. III.

Plate XX.

POA PSEUDOPRATENSIS Scnbnet & Rydberg.

I

533

Bromus kalmii Gray, Man. ed. i, 600 (1848).

Lead City, altitude 1,600 m., July 4; Rocliford, altitude 1,700 iii,, .Inly 12; Hot
Springs, altitude 1,100 m., August 8 (No. 1165).

Bromus ciliatiis L. Sp. PL i, 76 (17.").'!).

Rare: Rocliford, altitude 1,700 ni., July 12 (No. 1166).

Bromus pumpellianus Scribner, Bull. Torr. Club, xv, 9 (1888).

Hillsides: Kuukels, altitude 1,300 m., June 30; Rochford, altitude 1,700 ni., July 12;
Custer, altitude 1, 700 m., July 16 (No. 1167).

Agropyron repens glaucum (Desf. ) Scribner, Mem. Torr. Club, v. 57 (181)4) ; Triti-
cnm tjluucum Desf. Tabl. Bot. Mus. 16 (1804).

Hills below Deadwood, altitude 1,500 m., July 5 (No. 1168).

Agropyron violaceum majus Yasey, Contr. Nat. Herb, i, 280 (1893).

The.se specimens seem to belong to this variety, which, however, I do not think is
a variety of A. violaceum. Professor Scribner regards them as a form of A. repens,
which they resemble very much. I should take them for a form of that species if it
were not for the fact that I could not find any creeping rootstock. They were grow-
ing in clumps in the manner of A. tenerum. Deadwood, altitiule 1,500 m., July 5
(No. 1170). A form of the same, with ,awn8 over 1 cm. long, was collected at Rocli-
ford, altitude 1,700 m., July 12 (No. 1171).

Agropyrou tenerum Vasey, Bot. Gaz. x, 258 (1885).

Deadwood, altitude 1,500 m., July 5 (No. 1169).

Agropyron caninum (L.) Roem. »& Scliult. Syst. Veg. ii, 756 (1817); Trtticiim
annnum L. Sp, PI. i, 86 (1753).

Common: Lead City, altitude 1,600 m., July 6; Custer, altitude 1,700 m., July 16
and August 16; Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., August 3 (No. 1172).

Elymus canadensis L. Sp. PI. 1, 83 (1753).

Along Fall River: Hot Springs, altitude 1,050 m., August 0 (No. 1173).

Elymus canadensis glaucifolius (Willd.) Torr. Fl. U. S. i, 137 (1824); Eliimus
(jhiucifoUus Willd. Enum. 131 (1809).

Hot Springs, altitude 1,050 m., August 9 (No. 1174).

Elymus virginicus L. Sp. PI. i, 84 (1753), var.

This is the same as No. 1553 of my collection from the Sand Hills of central Nebraska.
Hot Springs, August 9 (No. 1175).

Elymus striatus AVilld. Sp. PI. i, 470 (1797).

Rare, with the preceding three. Hot Springs, August 9 (No. 1176).

Elymus elymoides (Raf.) Swezey, Cat. Nebr. PL 15 (1891) ; Silaition elijmoidcs Raf.
Journ. I'liys. Ixxxix, 103 (1819).

Rare, on dry prairie: Hot Si>rings, altitude 1,100 m., .Tune 13 and August 9
(No, 1177.)

Elymus dasystachys Trin. ; Ledel). Fl. Alt. i, 120 (1831).

The specimens in the collection have much shorter spikes and larger and more
hairy spikelets than in the Siberian form. lOlk Canyon, near Runkels, altitude
1,300 m., .liine 30 (No. 1178).

Hordeum jubatum L. S]). PL i, 85 (1753).
Custer, altitude 1,650 ni., July 16 (No. 1179).

CONIFERiE.

Juniperus communis sibirica (Buig.sd.); Jiniipenia sibirica Biirgsd. Anl. Erz.
Anpll. Holzart. ii, 272 (1787); ./. commHuU alpina Gaud. Fl. Helv. vi, 301 (1830).

U'lie name of this plant has been changed lately by botanists in this country to
J. vttiiii Willd.' Willdenow cites J. sibirica Burgsd. as a synonym. I have not been

iSp. PL iv, 854 (18U6).

534

able to sec l}nrp;s(lorr.s (>iij;iiuil (lescriptioii, l)iit Ihu variety was aln-ady known au<l
liatl bvun (It'SLiibcd by Liuii;tus in tbr Sijocies I'lautaiuiii. ami by I'allas in tbo I'lora
Kossica, altbouj^b not named. Takinj^ WiUdenow as antbority, I adopt tbo name
sibhica. Sboiild WilUb-now bave been niistalcen, and IbirgscUjifs sbiiib not bavc
been tbe same as bis (tbo identity bas not been denied), tbero is one more name obler
tban Wilblenow's tbat bas to be taken into eonsideration, viz, J. communia inontana
Ait.,' tbo identity of wbicb witb Liuua-ns variety is not qnestionable. As to tbe
rebitionsbip to J. commuiiiSj I am of tbo opinion tbat tbis phxut is best eonsidered as
a variety of tbat species, ac nianj' intermediate forms are found.

Custer, altitude 1,800 ni., June 4 (Xo. HSO).

Juniperiis sabiiia prostrata (Pers.) Loud. Arbor. Irut. 15rit. iv, 2l9i) (1838); ./.
proHiiala Pers. Syn. PI. ii, (5.^2 (1807).

Tbis name sbould be used instead of ./. nahlna procitmhens Pursb, unless J. horizon-
tails Moencb,'- is tbo same. I bavc no means of verify inj; tbe identity of tlio two.
Tbe American trailing savin is well distingnisbed from J. sahiiia of Europe. Koeb
and Gordon regard it as a distinct species, and to merge it in J. sahiiia, as bas been
done lately, is unwarranted. On dry footbills : Hermosa, altitude 1,1(X) m., June 23;
Pieduiout, altitude 1,100 m., Juno 27 (No. 1181).

Junipenis virginiana L. .Sp. IM. ii, 1039 (1753).

Very rare in tbe bills proper; only two sbrubs seen, on tbe Buckborn Mountain,
near Custer, altitude 1,800m., June 1. Jlore common in tbe footbills: Hot Sjirings,
altitude 1,100 m., June 15. One sbrub at tbo latter place bad botb male and female
flowers (Xo. 1182).

Pinus pouderosa scopulorum Engclm. l>ot. Cal. ii, 126 (1880).

Common tbrougliout tbo Black Hills. Tbe X^ortberii Hills were formerly covered
witb forest, in wbicb tbis was tbe i)redouiiiiant speines, but a largo ])ortion of tbe
tract bas been devastated by mining companies and sawmill operators. Hot
Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 17 (Xo. 1183).

Picea canadensis (Mill.) B. S. P. Cat. PI. X. Y. 71 (1888); Abies canadensis Mill.
Card. Diet. od. 8, no. 4 (17G8).

Xot uncommcni in tbe biglier bills, especially on the nortliern sides. Fruit: Kocb-
ford, altitude 1,G00 m., July 12 (Xo. 1210 7;).

SBLAGINELLACEJG.

Selaginella rupestris (L.) Spring, in Mart. Fl. Bras, i, pt. 2. 118 (1810); Lyctqio-
dinm riiiwstrc L. Sp. PI. ii 1101 (17.53).

Ou dry bills; local: Custer, altitude 1.700 m., .luuc (! (Xo. 1184).

LYCOPODIACE.2E.

Lycopodiuni obscuruni 1-. Sjt. PI. ii, 1102 (17.53); /,. ilcndroidrum Mx. Fl. ii, 282
(1803).

Micbaux's sjiecies seems tr) be tbo true L. ohscuinm I...
Klk Cany«)U, altitude 1,200 m., June 20 (Xo. 1185).

OPHIOGIiOSSACEiE.

Botrychium matricariaefolium (?) A. Br. in Doell, K'litiu. Fl. 21 (1813).

It seems to stand nearest tbis species, but tbe sterile frond is sessile. I took it to
be a form of />'. bonalc Milde, witb tbe description of wbicb it agrees quitti well. It
dilli-rs, bowevor, from European si)ecimens in tbe Xational Herb.irium, in tbe more
slender babit, and in tbo smaller and le.ss crowded divisions of tbe sterile frond,

"Hort. Kcw. iii, 411 (1789).

«Mctb. PI. Hort. and Ag. Marlnirg, tiil'.t (1701).

535

■wliicli is ovate-obloug iu outliue, not broadly triaugnlar-ovute. Ouly two specimens
(15 to 20 cm. bigli) Avere collected by me, on a shaded hillside south of Custer, alti-
tude 1,700 nu, August 15. A few specimens were also collected by Prof. A. F. Woods
and one of the students of the University of Nebraska. The specimens are of a form
that seems to be iuteiiuediate between J'>. hiuariii, 11. horeulc, 11. lanceulatum, and /»'.
matricana/olium. It may be a new species, but the material is too meager to warrant
a publication (No. 1186).

POLYPODIACEiE.

Polypodiuni vulgare L. Sp. PI. ii, 1085 (1753).

Common iu crevices of rocks around Custer, altitude 1,700 m., July 18 (No. 1187).

Polypodiuni vulgare rotundatum Milde, Fil. Eur. &, Atlan. 18 (1867).

It dirt'ersfrom the jireccHling in its short fronds with rounded lobes and its larger,
more confluent sori. Wheelers Expedition, No. 992, and Watson's No. 1357, belong
also to this variety, which has not hitherto been reported for America. In crevices:
Custer, altitude, 1,700 m., July 16 (No. 1188).

Cheilauthes gracilis (Fee) Mett. Abh. Senck. Nat. Gesell. iii [reprint 36j (1859);
Myriopteris gracilis Fee, Gen. Fil. 150 (1850-1852).
On exjwsed rocks: Hot Springs, altitude, 1,100 m., Juno 14 (No. 1189).

Pellaea atropurpurea (L.) Link, Fil. Hort. Berol. 59 (1811) ; Ptcris atroinirpurea L.
Sp. PI. ii, 1076 (1753).
Canyon near Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 14 (No. 1190).

Pellaea breweri Eaton, Proc. Amer. Acad, vi, 555 (1865).

The specimens in this collection have fronds that are decidedly coriaceous, a modi-
fication iirobably duo to the exposed locality in which they grew. I took them first
to be a depauperate form of P. atropurpurea, but the divisions even of the fertile
fronds are broadly ovate, the rachis bright brown instead of purplish black and
without scales. They are brittle and when old show the depressions that make them
look as if articulated, a characteristic of P. hreweri. The fronds are 0.5 to 1 dm
high from a tufted, thick rootstock, once pinnate, of 5 to 9 pinna- ; pinua>, 1 cm. or
more long, oval or ovate, entire, or the lower witli a small lobe on the upper side.

In crevices of exposed limestone rocks, generally on the sunniest side: near Bull
Springs, altitude 1,900 m., July 27 (No. 1191).

Pteris aquihna L. Sp. PL ii, 1075 (1753).
Custer, altitude 1,700 m., August 19 (No. 1192).

Asplenium trichomanes L. Sp. PI. ii, 1080 (17.53).

Crevices of rocks below Sylvan Lake, altitude 1,900 m., August 18 (No. 1193).

Asplenium septentrionale (L.) Holi'ni. Deutsch. Vl. ii, 12 (1795); Jcrosliclium
stptentrionuh L. Sp. PI. ii, 1068 (1753).

Crevices of rocks, esi)ecially on the north side of the mountains: Custer, altitude
1,700 m., June 5 and August 16 (No. 1194).

Asplenium filiz-fcemina (L.) Bernh. Schrad. Nenes .Journ. Bot. i, pt. 2, 26 (1806);
roli/podiutn fdix-fwmina L. Sp. PI. ii, 1090 (17.53).
Conunon around Sylvan Lake, altitude 2,000 m., July 20 (No. 1195).

Phegopteris dryopteris (L.) Fee, Gen. Fil. 243 (1850-1852); Polypodiuu dnjuplcria
L. Sp. P]. ii, 1093 (1753).

In dark woods near Custer, altitude 1,700 m., August 19 (No. 1196).

Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott, Gen. Fil. (1834); Poly podium JiUx-mas L. Sp.
PI. ii, 1091 (1753).

Among rocks: Kochford, altitude 1,200 m., .luly 12; Buckhorn Mountain, near
Custer, altitude 1,800 m., July 16 (No. 1197).

536

Cystopteris fragilis (L.) Bonili. Sclinwl. Xeiies Joiirii. Hot. i. pt. 2, 27 (1806);
J'oli/podiuiii/rat/ilc L. Sp. I'l. ii, lOiU (1753).

Tlironyliout the lihuk Hills: Little Elk, iiltitmlo 1,10() ni., Juno 27; Lcail Cit\,
altitude l,(iOO m., July 6; Custer, ivltitude 1,700 m., Auj^ust 15 (No. 119«).

"Woodsia oregana Katou, Can. \at. ii, 90 (1<^65).

Coiiimou tliinughout the Black Hills: Ileruioea, altitude 1,100 ni., Juno 2'A; Klk
Canyon, altitude 1,200 ni., June 29; Custer, altitude 1.7110 in., August 10 (No. IIO;)).

"Woodsia scopulina Eaton, C:in. Nat. ii, 90 (1865).

On -vvoodrd hillsides south of Custer, altitude 1,700 ni., August 10 (No. 1200),

Onoclea sensibilis L. Sp. Tl. ii, 1062 (1753).

lu (Cray's list, Xewtou A: Jenney's Report.' Also collettfd by I'rof. .J. A. Williams,
near Kapid City.

Onoclea struthiopteris (L.) HotVui. Dcutsch. I'l. ii, 11 (1795); O-smmuhi slruthiop-
tcris L. .Sp. PI. 1066 (1753).

In Gray's list only.

EQUISETACEiE.

Equisetuni arvense Ij. 8p. PI. ii, 1061 (1753).

Unusually robust specimens, in damp woods below Sylvan Lake, altitude 1,800 in.,
Juno 8 (No. 1201).

Equisetum sylvaticum Ij. Sp. PI. ii, 1061 (1753).

With the preceding, June 8 (No. 1202).

Equisetuni laevigatuni A. Br. ; Engelni. Anier. Journ. Sci. xlvi, 87 (1844).

The two forms collected in Nebraska were also found here. Tlie more robust with
sessile spike, No. 1260 of my Nebraska collection, was collected in Elk Canyon, alti-
tude 1,200 ni., June 29 (No. 1203). The other one, of the same form as No. 1283 of the
Nebraslva collection, was found at Hot Springs, altitude 1,059 ni., August 3 (No. 1204).

' Geol. Surv. Black Hills, 537 (1880).

IIlTDEX.

Page.

Abies 534

Acer 490

Aceratea 513

Achillea 509

Acrosti^ihum 535

Actffia 483

Actinella 509

Adorium 501

Adoxa 503

Agoseris 511

Agriraonia 497

Agropyron 533

Agrostia 530

Aira 531

A 11 ionia 519, 520

Allium 524,525

A loi)ecuru3 529

Alsine 488

Aiiiaranthua 520

Ambrosia 508

Amclancliier 497

Amelhis 50S

Ammogeton 511

Amorpha 491

Andropogon 528, 529

Androsace 512

Anemone 479

Antennaria 507, 508

Antherais 509

Antiirhinum 517

Aplopappus 505

Apocynnm 513

Aquilegia 480, 481 , 482

Arabia 484

Aralia 502

A rbutus 512

Arctostaphylos 512

Arenaria 488

Argemone 483

Aristida 529

Amira 509

Aronia ' 407

Arleinisia 509

Arundo S30

Aaclepiaa 513

Aspk-nium 535

Aster 506

Ast ragalna 491, 492, 493

A theropogon 5S1

Avcna 530

Balaamorbiza 50!)

Bartonia 501

13144— No. 8 0

Page.

Bartsia olS

Balrailiium 480

Beckmannia 528

Berberis 483

Berula 502

Betula 522, 523

Bidens 509

Blitum 520

Bot rycbium 534

Boutelona 531

Brassica 485

Brauneria 508

Bromus 533

Bulbilis 531

Buphihalmum 509

Bursa 486

Cactna 501

Calamagrostia 530

Calamovilfa 530

Callitriche 499

Calochortus 525

Camelina 486

Campanula 512

Capiioides 483, 484

Carduus 510

Carex 527, 528

Carpinus oiS

Carum 501

Castilleja 518

Catabrosa 531

Ccanotbus 489, 490

Celastrus 489

Celt is 522

Centaiirea 510

Cent line nlua 513

Cerastiiim 488

Cerasus 495

Cercocarpus 496

ChcerophyUinii 502

Cheilanthes 535

Cheiran thus 4S5

Chenopodium 520

Chlong 531

CltnjKocoma 506

Chrysopsis 505

Cicuta 502

CiTv.xa, 501

Cirnmm 510

Claytonia 489

Clematis 479

Cleome 454,486

Cnicus 510

I

n.

Page.

Collinsia 517

Colloinia 514

Coniaiiiira 522

Con 1(1 Ua ria 5i'o

Convolvulus 516

Corallorliiza 524

Corn ncopitv 550

Corniis 5112, r.03

CoiT/dalis 433, 4S4

Coi y Ills 52:i

Crat ir gu8 497

Crepis 511

Croloii 522

Cryjit ant he 515

Cyuiopterus 502

Cyno(jhiisSum 51.'i

Cyperns 526

Cypripetlinm 524

Cyrtorhyncha 480

Cystopteris 536

Cytims 400

Dactylis 5:'S.5:J1

Balea 401

Danfhonia 530

Delpli i;ii urn 482

Deyeuxia 5S0

Disponim 525

Dodecalliion 512

Don ia 505

Draba 484

Dracoceplialum 519

Dryoptcris niJS

Dysodia 509

Eatonia 531

Echinacea 50H

Echinospermu III 515

Edosmia 501

ilea<rnus 521

Eleodiaris 527

Elyni lis 533

Ei)ilobiuni 499,500

Equisetinu 536

Erafirostia 531

Erigeron 506, 507

EriocarjiiiTn 505

Eriocoma 52?

Eri(>y:on iim 520

Erysimum 485

Euphorbia 522

Eut hamia 506

Evax 507

Evolvnlua 516

Eistiica 532

lihi^o 507

Fragarirt 496

I'rasiTa 514

Fraxiniis 513

Gailhmlia 509

Galium 504

Gaiira 5no

Gay opliy t inn 500

Geiitiiina 513

Geranium 489

Geiim 496

Gilia 5U

Page.

Glycyrrhlza 494

Gnaphalium 507.508

Grat iola 5 1 8

Grindelia 505

Oynmandra 518

Gyrostacliys 524

Uabi-naria 524

Hedeoma 519

Iledera 400

Hedysarum 494

Ileliantliella 508

Ileliantliomuni 486

Helianthus 508,509

Ilindicandra 522

Hcracleum 502

Heucliera 498

H ieraciuni 510.511

Jlippoplia'e 5il

Jlolcxig 529

Hordeum 533

Huniulus 522

Hj'nienopoppns 509

Hypericum 489

Hysfnpus 519

Iponicea 514, 516

Iris 524

Iva 508

Jacksr.nia 486

Juncoides 526

Juncus 526

Juniperus 533. 534

Koeleria 531

Kty)iilzkia 515

Kiihnia 504

Kulinistera 491

Lacinaria 504

Lartuca 511

Lapi)ula 514, 515

Lathyrus 494

Leelua 486

Logouzia 512

Lenina 526

Leontodon 511

Lepacbya 508

Lei>argy nca 521

Lfjiidiuni 486

Lepturus 550

Lf squerella 485, 486

Leucocrinum 525

Liatris 504

Liliiim 525

Liuaria 517

Liuniia 503

Linum 489

Lilbosiiernuim 516

Lobelia 511

Lduicera 503

Lotus 490

Luet kea 495

Lupinus 490

l.iiziila 526

Ly clinis 4as

Lycopodiuni 534

Lycopus 519

Ly.\imachia 619

III.

Pa fee.

Macrocalyx ■■^^-^

Mahonia ^^"^

Maianthemum 5~'5

Malia ^3

Malveopsi* 489

Mamillaria ^"-^

Mentha 518

Mentzelia 501

Mertensia ■ 515, 516

Miuiulus 517,518

Monai da 519

Monolepis 520

Muhlenbei gia 530

Musenuim ^^^

Myagrum ^*^^"

ilyosotis 5i4,515

Myriopteris ^35

Naumburgia 513

Neillia 495

NympbsBa 484

CEnot hera 500

Onoclea 536

Onosmoiiiiim 516

Opiilaster 495

Ophrys 524

Opniitia 501

Orchis 52i

Oreocary a 515

Orobancbe 518

Orthocarpus 518

Oryzopsis 529

Osiuorrhiza 502

Osmiiuda 536

Ostrya 523

Oxalis 489

Oxytropis 493, 494

Panicularia 532

Panicuin 528

Parietaria 522

Pamassia 498

Paronychia 488

Parosela 491

Partbenocissus 490

Pastinaca 502

PelliBa 535

Pentstemon 517

Peramium 524

Petasites 509

Peucedanum 502

Phaca 492,493

Pbalaris 528,529

Phcgopteria 535

Pbleum 529

Phlox 514

Phyaalis 516

Picea 534

Pinus 534

Plantago 519

Poa 531,532

Polanigia 4S6

Polygala 487

Poly gonatnra 525

Polygonum 521

Folyotvs 51S

Poly podiiun 535, 556

Page.

Popuhia 523

Pot auiogeton 526

Poteiitilla 406,497

Prenaulhes 511

Protartes ,V5

Prunella 519

Primus 494,495

Psoralea 491

Pteris 535

Pteiospora 512

Ptilepida 509

Pulmonaria 515, old

Pulsatilla 479

Pyrola 512

Quercus 523

Ranunculus 480

Rhus 490

Kibes 498,499

Roripa 485

Rosa 497

lUibus 496

Rudbeckia 508

Rumex 521

Sagi ttaria 526

Salix 523

Salna '. 519

Sambucus 503

Sanicula 502

Saponaria 487

Salyiium 524

Savastaua 529

SaxilVaga 498

Scliedonnardus 530

Scirpus 526,527

Scropbularia 517

Scutellaria 519

Sedum 499

Selaginella 534

Selinum 502

Senecio 509, 510

Serrattda ; . 504

Sesleria 531

Setaria 528

Silene ,, 487, 4SS

Sinapis 4S5

Sisymbrium 485

Sisyrinchium 524

Sitanion 5$3

Slum 502

Sniilacina 525

Siiiilax 525

Sinynnum 502

Solannm 516

Solidago 505,506

Soiu-hiia 511

Sorbus 498

Spartina 528

Spicsia 493, 494

Spiiifa 495

Spiraiifhcs 524

Sporobolus 530

Stachys 519

Stanley a 484

Steiroiieuia 513

SU'Uaria 438

IV.

Page.

StenactU ■'0?

Stipa 529

Streptopus 525

Swertia 514

Synijilioricarpos 503

Tati'let 509

Talinuni 488

Taraxacum 511

TcUiraa 498

Tetragonaiitlius 514

Thal.sia 518

Thalii trum 479

Thapxia 502

Tha.y,itiin 502

Thermoiisis 490

nia.tpi 480

Tradtscau tia 525

Tril'uliuiu 490

Trigonella 400

Tritieii in 5SS

Tro.rimon 511

Tu rrilis 4S4

Titsilago 509

Page.

TTlnius 522

Unifoliiim 525

Urachne 529

Urtica 522

Uvularia 5^5

Vaccin i nm 512

Tagnera 525

Valeriana 504

Verbasciim 517

Verbena 518

Veronica ,- 518

Vesicaria 4S5

Viburnum 503

Vicia 494

Til/a 530

Viola 487

Vitia 490

Vleckia 519

Woodsia 536

Wulfenia 518

Yucca 525

Zizia 502

Zygadenus 526

o

'•■/>*, i.xJ

1."