VOLUME II SCIENCE SERIES NUMBER 2 THE UNIVERSITYOF MISSOURI STUDIES EDITED BY W. G. BROWN Professor of Industrial Chemistry THE FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO, AND VICINITY FRANCIS POTTER DANIELS Professor of the Romance Languages, Wabash College Formerly Assistant in the University of Missouri PUBLISHED BY THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI October, 1911 PRICE $1.50 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES Edited by FRANK THILLY VOLUME I 1. Contributions to a Psychological Theory of Music, by MAX MEYER, Ph. D., Professor of Experimental Psychol- ogy, pp. vi, 80. 1901. 75 cents. Out of print. 2. Origin of the CoTenant Vivien, by RAYMOND WEEKS, Ph. D., Professor of Romance Languages, pp. viii, 64. 1902. 75 cents. Out of print. 3. The Evolution of the Northern Part of the Lowlands of Southeast Missouri, by C. F. MARBUT, A. M., Professor of Geology, pp. viii, 63. 1902. $1.25. Out of print. 4. Eileithyia, by PAUL V. C. BAUR, Ph. D., Acting Professor of Classical Archaeology, pp. vi, 90. 1902. $1.00. 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An Introduction to the Mechanics of the Inner Ear, by MAX MEYER, PH. D., Professor of Ex- perimental Psychology i 2. The Flora of Boulder, Colorado, and Vicinity, by FRANCIS POTTER DANIELS, Professor of the Ro- mance Languages, Wabash College. Formerly Assistant in the University of Missouri 149 II FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO VOLUME II SCIENCE SERIES NUMBER 2 THE , UNIVERSITYOF MISSOURI STUDIES EDITED BY W. G. BROWN Professor of Industrial Chemistry THE FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO, AND VICINITY FRANCIS POTTER DANIELS Professor of the Romance Languages, Wabash College Formerly Assistant in the University of Missouri PUBLISHED BY THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI October, 1911 500 Copyright, 1911, by THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI COLUMBIA MO. : E. W. STEPHENS PUBLISHING COMPANY, I9I I TO PROFESSOR T. D. A. COCKERELL THIS STUDY IS RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED PREFACE During the summer of 1906 I was employed by the Depart- ment of Botany of the University of Missouri to collect plants in Colorado for the Herbarium of the University. I spent, therefore, a period of two months and a half in this work. I arrived at Boulder, Colorado, June eighteenth, and departed thence September third. All the collecting was done in Boul- der County, and the greater part of it within a radius of five miles from the city of Boulder. I collected altogether about 1,036 species of flowering plants and ferns. The vernal plants, of course, had blossomed before my arrival, but except for these the flora of Boulder is fairly well shown in the collection. In the list of plants here given there have been included all that are known to occur in Boulder County; but inasmuch as the boundary between Grand and Boulder Counties lies along the summits of the main range of mountains it is impos- sible often to tell in what county a given plant has been col- lected. Similarly Long's Peak lies partly in Larimer County and partly in Boulder County. In all cases in which plants have been cited from a mountain lying partly in Boulder Coun- ty, these have been included in the list, unless a definite locali- ty in the other county is given. Plants admitted to the list because of the citations given in Rydberg's Flora of Colorado XI Xll PREFACE are ascribed to Rydberg; it is of course understood that this ascription does not imply that these plants were collected by Rydberg in the localities named, but merely that by examina- tion of the plants or otherwise he is satisfied that they occur in those places. In the case of plants collected by myself I have added the collection number, so that these can be identi- fied at any time. I may add that besides the set of Boulder plants in the Herbarium of the University of Missouri, there is a duplicate set in the Herbarium of the Michigan Agricul- tural College; there is also a set in my own possession. The Herbarium of the Missouri Botanical Garden has an incom- plete set. As the numbers are the same for all plants of the same species, the identification of any of these plants can be made out from the number given in the list. In the introduction I have sought to present what knowl- edge I have of the distribution of plants in Boulder County. I have tried to present them in their natural plant-societies. I saw, however, too little of the montane, subalpine, and the alpine floras to be able to give a comprehensive account of these, and it must be remembered that I did not see the vernal facies of any portion of the vegetation. As to nomenclature I have followed, except where plainly deficient in the tight of later investigation, that of Rydberg' s Flora of Colorado. While I feel that in the case of both genera and species there has been an over-multiplication — as for instance the splitting up of such a natural group as the pines into several genera, yet at the time of the preparation of this Flora the only convenient guide was Rydberg' s work. It is to Professor T. D. A. Cockerell of the University of Colorado to whom I am most indebted for assistance in this work. Remote both from the vegetation itself and from an PREFACE Xlll adequate library, I could not have carried on the work at all without his cheerful cooperation. He has examined every page of the manuscript, and I owe much to his apt suggestions and kindly criticism. My thanks are also due to Professor Francis Ramaley for his kindness in examining the proof- sheets, and to Professor J. Henderson who has perused the article on the physiography. Both have given me notes of much value. ERRATA Page 15, line 13, for Chrysopogon, read Sorghastrum. Page 18, line 3 from bottom of page, for C. umbellata bre- virostris, read C. umbellata brachyrhina. Page 26, line 4, for Cogswellia Grayi read Cogswellia orientalis. Page 27, line 22, for F. confinis, read F. Kingii. Line 12 for Agropyron Vaseyi, read Agropyron spicatum inerme. Page 31, line 2 from bottom of page, for Trisetum subspicatum. read Trisetum spicatum. Page 33, line 14, same correction. Page 39, line 8 from bottom of page, for Pseudocymopterus tenuifolius, read Pseudocymopterus multifidus. Page 41, -line 9, for Trisetum subspicatum, read Trisetum spicatum. Page 42, line 6 from bottom of page, for Polemonium scopu- linum, read Polemonium pulcherrimum. xiv INTRODUCTION I. PHYSIOGRAPHY Boulder, Colorado, lies nestling close to the Rocky Moun- tains just north of the 4Oth parallel. There the foot- hills are strikingly beautiful and high, and only twenty miles away Arapahoe Peak, clasping to its bosom the best glacier of the southern Rockies, gleams whitely in full view, while twenty- four miles to the northwest towers jaggedly Long's Peak, 14,271 ft. high, the highest point in Boulder County, and one of the highest peaks of the Rocky Mountains. Away to the eastward the plain stretches unbrokenly, save for an oc- casional butte, till lost to vision. There is then room for a great diversity of vegetation, ranging from the semi-desert plants of the arid plains to the arctic plants that grow at the wasting edge of the perpetual snow. The Continental Divide, which, due west of Boulder, touches its easternmost point in North America, is only from twenty to twenty- four miles away. It rises as a vast snow- covered wall of rock to an average height of from 11,000 to 12,000 feet; the highest points in the Divide in this region are Long's Peak, 14,271 ft., Mt. Audubon, 13,173 ft., Mt. Baldy, 11,470 ft., Arapahoe Peak, 13,520 ft., and James' Peak, 13,283 ft. Due west of Boulder Arapahoe Pass crosses the Divide at an altitude of 12,000 feet. It will be seen, therefore, that there is an almost impassable barrier between the vegetation of the Pacific slope and that of 149] i 2 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [150 the Atlantic. Since this barrier is almost everywhere above timberline, only a few Pacific species are found on the Atlantic side of the slope within the region about Boulder. Perhaps the most interesting exception is the occurrence of one of the orchids, Piperia Unalaschensis (Spreng.) Rydb., a few indi- viduals of which I found in the foot-hills near Boulder, and which is not known to occur elsewhere east of the mountains of Utah, it having its main range from Alaska to California. All the streams of Boulder County flow ultimately into the South Fork of the Platte river, and thence into the Missouri and the Mississippi. Boulder creek, the chief stream of the region, and one of the headwaters of the Platte, is fed from the snows of the Divide, especially between Arapahoe and James' Peaks. Just over the other side of the Divide are some of the headwaters of Grand river, which flows into the Colorado, and thence into the Gulf of California. All the main streams in Boulder County have their sources in the wasting snows of the Main Range. These have cut gor- ges, in most cases over a thousand feet deep, into the elevated plateau between the main range and the foot-hills proper, and by means of these deep valleys have transformed this plateau into what are now really mountain masses, having an average altitude of about 8,000 feet, the eastern and western slopes of which are long longitudinal valleys, and the northern and southern ones the precipitous gorges cut by the streams. Be- tween Boulder and the Main Range there are about four of these mountain ridges, the first, or that of the foot-hills proper, rising to a height of from 7,000 to 8,600 feet, the others slightly lower, having an altitude of about 7,500 to 8,000 feet. Among these Sugarloaf Mountain stands out prominently as an isolated peak a thousand feet higher, it being a por- I5l] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 3 phyry dike, and thus weathering more slowly than the granitic peaks. This whole elevated plateau, cut by streams into what now appear as definite mountain ridges, we shall call the foot-hills, although the foot-hills proper are the ridges of sandstone at the edge of this granite plateau. The flora, however, is the same, save for a few ferns and other rock-plants which are confined to cer- tain kinds of rocks, some to the limestones, others to the sand- stones, still others to the granite. The main range of mountains as well as the high plateau at its base is composed of granite, granite-porphyry, and granite-gneiss, gray or reddish in color. Dikes are frequent, either of pegmatite or of felsitic porphyry. When the uplift or uplifts occurred, which made the Rocky Mountains, the sedimentary rocks resting upon the basement of granite, were tilted until they stood nearly on end. The jagged crags of the foot-hills proper are, then, the ends of these sedimentary layers. Thus it happens, too, that the oldest beds lie next the granite, while the younger underlie the plains. The oldest and lowest, that is, the one lying directly upon or rather against the granite, is a layer of quartzite 550 feet thick, and of Algonkin age. This, however, is absent in front of Boulder and occurs in but two places in the county. The next, and of Pennsylvanian (Carboniferous) age, is the red Fountain sandstone, 500 to 1,500 feet thick. In the immediate vicinity of Boulder it lies directly upon the granite. On the east slope of Green Moun- tain it hangs in five triangular blocks of about 500 feet in thickness at an angle of about 52 °. These, called the Flat-irons, are each about 1,000 feet high and about 1,500 feet wide; the third Flat-iron, however, rises to an altitude of nearly 8,000 feet, or about 2,000 feet above the mesa. At 4 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [152 Boulder Canon the red sandstone walls are vertical. These perpendicular sandstone crags are the most striking feature >of the scenery of the foot-hills. Lying next to the Fountain sandstone, and also of Pennsyl- vanian age, is the creamy Lyons sandstone, which is quarried in large amounts. It has a maximum thickness of almost 300 feet. Next in order, and still of Pennsylvanian age, is the Lykins formation, about 800 feet thick and consisting of sandstones, sandy shales, and a little limestone. It is easily weathered and is consequently thickly covered with waste. The Morrison formation occurs next, and consists of sand- stone, clays, and limestone, and is a little less than 600 feet thick. It is of Jurassic age. Then come various Cretaceous beds, the first of which, the "Dakota," is a firm sandstone of about 350 feet in thickness. Its resistance to weathering causes the characteristic hogback of the foot-hills, consisting of one, two, or even three distinct combs, or crags. Then follow in succession the Benton shales, 500 feet thick; the Niobrara shales and limestones, 400 feet thick; the Pierre shales, 5,000 feet thick; the Fox Hills shales, 1,300 feet thick ; and the Laramie beds, which are coal-bearing and about 115 feet thick. Lastly are the Quaternary deposits of allu- vium and terrace gravels. The various shales have weathered and eroded rapidly and underlie the plain, while the more resistant beds next the granite persist as crags, while the high mesas at the base of the foot-hills are shale outliers left by stream-erosion and are really stream terraces. The soil of the region, outside of the alluvium and ter- race gravels, is granitic in the mountains, while in the foot- hills it is apt to be brick-red from the detritus of the red 153] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 5 sandstones. The soft Lykins formation yields a very red soil. The Jurassic and Cretaceous rocks have layers of sand and clay. II. CLIMATE AND RAINFALL* The climate of Boulder, however enjoyable it may be to human beings, can hardly be said to be highly favorable to plant-life. At least this is true of the foot-hills, the mesas, and the plains. The Main Range, however, is well watered, but here the high elevation and the low temperature repress plant-life. The montane and subalpine slopes have a dense vege- tation, and yet even here the shallow soil and the rapid run-off of the water cause portions of them to have the aspect of deserts. A subalpine meadow has an opulent luxuriance; an adjoining slope may be gray with sage brush. In part the ap- parent thinness of vegetation in the mountains may be due to the superabundance of naked rock. In many portions of the Rockies the greater part of the surface has no soil whatever, and only a cranny-and-crevice vegetation is possible. The Rocky Mountains are new; their rocks are sharp and jagged; even lichens are rare on their surfaces. About Eldora and Arapahoe Peak, however, the rocks are beautifully rounded by glacial action. In the summer of 1906 there were rains almost daily, many of them soaking rains, but their distribution was uneven and capricious. In general the rainfall decreases as the distance from the snowy range increases. The alpine and subalpine *For the climatology of the region, consult the article by Professor Ramaley on the Climatology of the Mesas near Boulder, Univ. of Colo. Studies, 6, 19-35, alsor the paper by Ramaley and Robbins on Redrock lake near Ward, Univ. of Colo. Studies, 6, 138-147. 6 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [154 regions receive most; the foot-hills less; the mesas receive some from every shower ; the plains for five or six miles get a portion of the larger showers; but beyond that for several hundred miles good rains are very few. The summer of 1906 was exceptional,* for even the plains about Boulder seemed to receive more water than do many parts of the eastern United States in midsummer. When I left Boulder the third of September, the native vegetation for five or six miles out on the plain was as green as a prevailingly gray vegetation well can be; there was no sign of drouth, while when I reached Missouri and Iowa, the pastures were parched. In fact what I shall remember most about Colorado is its exuberance of water. It courses down all the mountain canons, roaring and bubbling and dashing into foam. Springs are frequent and of a pureness and coolness that make them perfect. On the plains everywhere that one goes, a ditch full to the brim runs beside one. From the top of Green Mountain a hundred lakes may be seen gleaming on the plain. It is plainly a land of abundant rain and water. And yet why this feverish haste to irrigate the fields, why these ditches, these sluices, these storage-reservoirs? Why is land with a water-right worth several hundred dollars an acre, and land without one but five dollars ? And why, to ask a still deeper question, why does nearly every kind of native plant have some means of conserving water, or some contriv- ance for preventing too rapid transpiration? Why do desert plants meet one at every hand: cacti, yuccae, sages, and xerophytic grasses? No, this region cannot be a land of abundant rain and water, in spite of the fact that I have never *In 1906 the greatest rainfall was recorded (26.17 inches), while 1901 was the driest year (13.67 inches). 155] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 7 seen so much anywhere else, nor anywhere else have had such drenchings to the skin, It is a semi-arid land, parched and thirsty. And the farmer, whom I saw flooding his land the morning after an all night's pouring rain, knew from long experience that there could not be too much water. The rapid drainage, the light dry air, the fierce light of the high elevation, the hot sun, the soil unfitted for the retention of water, all these things parch and wither our cultural plants, for while the native vegetation has organs for storing water and for diminishing transpiration, the cultivated plants have none of these. Nevertheless for the native vegetation in 1906 there was ample water-supply; it grew with an almost incredible luxuriance, so much so that I found the measure- ments given in the manuals were often valueless for my pur- pose, as many of my plants were taller and larger than the books say that they grow. I was told that after the first of July there would be no botanizing as everything on the plains and foot-hills would dry up; but I remained till September first and the plants did not dry up, and I was able to collect over a thousand species in about two months and a half. The following table, which I use by the kind permission of Professor Ramaley, will furnish the data requisite to an under- standing of the temperature and rainfall of the region. The data holds true only for the city of Boulder. 8 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [156 TABLE COMPILED BY DR. FRANCIS RAMALEY Summary of data on temperature and rainfall at Boulder, Colorado, for eleven years, ending August, 1908. MONTH c 8 S j> E to 1* 6 dL o e z s Warmest mean on record. Coldest mean on record. Normal mean rainfall. Greatest rainfall on record. Least rainfall on record. Year Degs Year Degs Year Inc's Year Inc's January . 34-i 32-9 39-4 47-7 56.4 64.6 70.1 71.0 64.0 53-o 43-o 37-o 51.0 1906 1907 1907 1908 1898 1902 1901 1898 1897 1900 1904 1906 39-° 42.8 48.1 52-5 60.5 66.8 75-3 73-2 66.8 57-2 48.3 41.0 1905 1899 1906 1900 1907 1907 1906 1906 1900 1905 1898 1898 29-3 18.0 30.2 45-6 51.0 62.1 67.2 68.0 61.5 48.5 38.1 29.0 0.4 0.66 1.6 3-58 3.02 i-53 1.72 i-3 !-55 i-47 0-59 0.68 18.0 l899 1903 1899 1900 1904 I897 1906 l897 1902 1903 1906 1902 0.87 !-52 2.79 9.18 5-35 3-7i 3-8i 3-3 2.7 3-43 1.87 0-54 1903 1908 1908 1908 I899 1908 1901 I900&I905 1901 1900 i899&i9oi I905&I906 0.08 0.09 0.23 I.7I o-55 0.29 0.46 0.22 O. IO 0.13 o.oo o.oo February March .... April May .. . Tune July.. August September October November December Annual. . . . Highest recorded temperature is 97 degrees, July 15, 1902. Lowest recorded temperature is — 20 degrees, January 8, 1902, and again February 20, 1905. Greatest rainfall recorded, 26.17 inches, 1906. Smallest rainfall recorded, 13.67 inches, 1901. Ill ZONES OF VEGETATION* There are six great zones of vegetation about Boulder, which, proceeding from east to west, are: A. The Zone of *These zones of vegetation are practically those of Robbins (Cli- matology and Vegetation in Colorado, Bot. Gaz., 49, 256-280), who rec- ognized (i) plains, (2) eastern lower foothills and mesas, (3) eastern upper foothills, 6,000 to 8,000 feet, (4) montane zone, (5) subalpine zone, (6) alpine zone. Professor Ramaley, however, would unite the mesas and foothills into one zone (Univ. of Colo. Studies, 5, 50-51). T57] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 9 the Plains, CAMPESTRES; B. The Zone of the Mesas, MENSALES; C. The Zone of the Foot-hills and Mountain Plateau, SUBMONTANAE; fourth, The Zone of the Lower Mountain Slopes, MONT AN AE; fifth, The Zone of the Sub- alpine Mountain Slopes, SUBALPESTRES; sixth, The Zone of the Alpine Summits, ALPESTRES. Of these the Plains Flora, the Foot-hill Flora, the Montane Flora, the Sub- alpine Flora, and the Alpine Flora are primary, while that of the Mesas is a transition from the Flora of the Plains to the Flora of the Foot-hills. The Alpine corresponds to the Arctic Circumpolar vegetation, the Subalpine to the Hudsonian, the Montane to the Canadian, the Foot-hill and the Mesa to the Upper Transition, and that of the Plains to the Lower Transi- tion with some Upper Sonoran forms. A. CAMPESTRES The plains are not so arid about Boulder as they are far- ther east. In fact after riding for hundreds of miles through a desert of dried up grass, it is with a feeling of inutterable joy that one sees this narrow ribbon of green from six to twelve miles wide at the foot of the mountains. This green- ness and freshness is due mainly to two causes: First, this strip receives more rain than does the rest of the Great Plains. The clouds do not quite rain out before reaching the plains. These rains are, however, capricious. The clouds are narrow. The southern part of Boulder may receive a thorough drench- ing, the northern part may not have a drop. One Sunday there was a cloud-burst in Sunshine Canon, farms and bridges were washed away ; from three to five feet of water came dash- ing through the main street of Boulder, while it scarcely sprinkled where I was a half mile to the south. The second cause is the abundant irrigation. 10 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [158 The Plains Flora falls into five main societies : The Aquatic (Aquatiles); The Palustrous (Palustres); The Ri- parian (Ripariae); The Prairie Meadow, the plains flora proper, (Campanales); and the Alkali Flat (Alkalinae). a. Aquatiles. The Aquatic Flora is found in lakes and streams. It consists of submerged or floating aquatics — pond- weeds, duckweeds, water-milfoils, hornworts, water starworts, besides various algae. It is seen best in Owen's lake and Boulder lake, which while about twenty feet deep, are very brackish. The slower streams also have aquatic plants, as do likewise the aqueous nuclei of swamps and swales. The fol- lowing is a list of typical species : Potamogeton lonchites L. minor P. heterophyllus Ceratophyllum demersum P. foliosus Callitriche palustris P. pectinatus C. bifida P. Spirillus Myriophyllum spicatum Zanichellia palustris Limosella aquatica Lemna gibba All the above species occur in the eastern United States. b. Palustres. The Palustrous, or Swamp Flora is found in bogs, in swales, along ditches, and about the miry margins of ponds and lakes and streams. It consists of rushes, bul- rushes, sedges, swamp grasses, sweet flags, cat-tails, stick- tights, swamp asters, water peppers, and various other plants. I have included here the whole subaquatic flora, since the for- mation is so slight that it is best treated as a whole without separation into amphibious, limose, paludose, and uliginose societies. The following are characteristic species : Equisetum arvense Typha lati folia E. laevigatum Alisma Plantago FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO II Sagittaria ari folia Homalocenchrus oryzoides Phalaris arundinacea Muhlenbergia racemosa Alopecurus aristulatus Spartina cynosurioides Poa triflora Panicularia nervata P. Americana P. borealis Cyperus inflexus Scirpus Americanus S. lacustris S. atrovirens pallidus Eleocharis palustris E. glaucescens E. acicularis E. acuminata Carex vulpinoidea C. stipata C. stricta C. lanuginosa Acorus Calamus Heteranthera limosa Juncus Balticus montanus J. longistylis J. nodosus J. Torreyi J. marginatus Iris Missouriensis Rumex occidentalis R. salicifolius Persicaria lapathi folia P. emersa. P. punctata Crunocallis Chamissoi Ranunculus sceleratus eremogenes R. Macounii Halerpestes Cymbalaria Nasturtium Nasturtium-aquaticum Radicula calycina R. hispida Hypericum majus Lythrum alatum Epilobium adenocaulon Cicuta occidentalis Berula erecta Verbena hastata Phyla cunei folia Teucrium occidentale Scutellaria galericulata Prunella vulgaris Stachys scopulorum Lycopus lucidus L. Americanus Mentha spicata M. Penardi Mimulus Geyeri M. floribundus Gratiola Virginiana' 12 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [l6o Lobelia syphilitica A. Osterhoutii Ludoviciana Bidens vulgata Iva xanthi folia B. glaucescens I. axillaris Helenium montanum Ambrosia trifida Lactuca pulchella Xanthium commune L. spicata Aster caerulescens It will be noted that all but a very few of the above species are common palustrous species of the eastern United States. c. Ripariae. The Riparian Flora occurs along the banks of streams. It consists of trees, shrubs, and herbs. There are no trees nor shrubs proper on the Great Plains, except those that grow along the streams. Here occur various cot- tonwoods, box-elders, and willows. The herbs are partly marsh herbs and partly plants from the plains, especially grasses. The following are typical riparian species : Equisetum laevigatum Betula fontinalis (only near Eatonia robusta the foot-hills) Agropyron riparium Urtica gracilis Elymus Canadensis Cardamine vallicola E. robustus Rulac Negundo Populus Sargentii R. Texanum P. acuminata Vitis vulpina P. angusti folia Pesedera vitacea Salix amygdalioides Solidago Pitcheri S. exigua S. Canadensis S. luteosericea d. Campanales. The Prairie Flora is that which is proper to the greater part of the plains region. In aspect it is a vast meadow, above which now and then a yucca rises with l6l] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 13 its bayonet-like leaves and its large cluster of flowers. But this aspect changes according to the season of the year, nor is it uniform at any season. As various plants come into bloom, so is it tinged red or purple, white or yellow; here it is an upland meadow of broom-grasses with purplish leaves; there it is dark green with meadow-grasses ; yonder it is white and hoar with sages. In early summer it is red, or purple, or blue with loco-weeds, beard-tongues, and thistles, yellow with golden asters, orange with cone-flowers and gaillardias, or white with Mexican poppies. In midsummer the psoraleas are numerous ; here and there are large clumps of lupines ; the tall porcupine grasses abound, and sunflowers rear their heads of gold. In late summer it is yellow with gumweeds of all kinds, with golden-rods and rabbit-brushes, or purple with blazing-stars and turkey-foot grasses. In autumn the gray sages put forth their inconspicuous flowers, the late composites ripen their achenes and whiten the landscape with their pappus. But the chief plants of this formation are those not seen — the little buffalo and mesquite grasses only a few inches high, but forming the turf of these vast plains. There are no shrubs proper in this flora. At most there are a few undershrubs and suffrutescent plants, such as roses, yuccas, and the like. It should be added that the vegetation of the moister por- tions of the plains differs, especially in aspect and also some- what in species, from that of the drier portions; but while it is possible to distinguish these two elements of the flora in the extreme cases of moistness and dryness, yet in the greater part of the area the two vegetations mingle inextricably. I shall, however, arrange the plants typical of the Great Plains into two classes, Humidae and Aridae, although the two classes occur quite commonly together: UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [162 i. Humidae. Andropogon furcatus Panicum virgatum Agrostis alba A. asperi folia Bouteloua olgostachya Bulbilis dactyloides Koeleria cristata Poa pratensis P. triflora P. interior P. pseudopratensis Festuca elatior Bromus marginatus latior B. Pumpellianus Agropyron pseudorepens A. occidentale Hordeum jubatum Elymus Macounii Carex marcida C. scoparia C. athrostachya C. pratensis C. festucacea Juncus interior J. Arizonicus J. confusus J. Dudleyi Sisyrinchium angusti folium Argemone intermedia A. hispida Sophia intermedia Potentilla Hippiana Drymocallis arguta Rosa pratincola Lupinus decumbens L. decumbens argentatus Astragalus goniatus Homalobus Salidae Aragallus Lambertii A. patens Psoralea tenuiflora P. argophylla Petalostemon oligophyllus P. purpureus P. pubescens Poinsettia dentata Malvastrum dissectum Oenothera strigosa Anogra rhizomata A. coronopi folia Gaura parviflora G. coccinea G. glabra Asclepias speciosa Lithospermum canescens Onosmodium occidentale Verbena bracteosa V. ambrosifolia Salvia lanceolata Physalis lanceolata FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO P. Virginiana Androcera rostrata Pentstemon unilateralis Gerardia Besseyana Grindelia serrulata G. perennis Oligoneuron canescens Aster commutatus Erigeron divergens ii. Aridae. Schizachyrium scoparium Andropogon chrysocomus Chrysopogon nutans Aristida fasciculata A. longiseta Stipa comata S. viridula S. Nelsonii Muhlenbergia cuspidata Sporobolus airoides S. cryptandrus S. heterolepis S. asperifolius Agrostis hiemalis Merathrepta spicata Bouteloua hirsuta B. oligostachya Munroa squarrosa Eragrostis pectinacea Poa crocata P. junci folia E. flagellaris Ratibida columnaris Helianthus lenticularis H. grosseserratus Gaillardia aristata Artemisia gnaphalodes Cirsium megacephalum C. ochrocentrum Agoseris glauca P. confusa Festuca octoflora Agropyron molle Hordeum pusillum Sitanion longi folium S. brevifolium Elymus brachystachys Carex Douglasii C. siccata C. straminea Yucca glauca Eriogonum effusum Paronychia Jamesii Allionia linearis Delphinium Penardii Stanleya glauca Xylophacos Shortianus Amorpha nana Psoralea tenui flora Linum Lewisii i6 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [164 Chamaesyce Fendleri C. serpylli folia Tithymalus Arkansanus Acerates viridiflora A. angustifolia Asclepias pumila Evolvulus Nuttallianus Lappula occidentalis L. cupulata Cryptanthe crassisepala Lithospermum breviflorum Monarda pectinata Hedeoma hispida Physalis rotundata Quincula lobata Pentstemon secundiflorus P. gracilis P. humilis Orthocarpus luteus Plantago Purshii Ambrosia psilostachya Gaertneria tomentosa Kuhnia Hitchcockii K. glutinosa Laciniaria punctata Gutierrezia longifolia G. scoparia Chrysopsis villosa C. hispida Chrysothamnus pulcherrimus Sideranthus annuus S. spinulosus Solidago glaberrima S. nana Townsendia exscapa Aster exiguus A. crassulus A. polycephalus Erigeron ramosus Wyomingia cana Helianthus petiolaris H. pumilus Thelesperma gracile Boebera papposa Artemisia dracunculoides A. Brittonnii Senecio Riddellii S. multicapitatus S. spartioides Cirsium undulatum e. Alkalinae. The best examples of the Flora of the Alkali Flats occur in the vicinity of Owen's lake and Boulder lake, where large tracts are white as snow with alkali. The plants are mainly succulent chenopods, but a few other plants also occur. The following species are characteristic : Distichlis stricta Polygonum buxi forme Puccinellia airoides Chenopodium rubrum 165] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 1 7 Monolepis Nuttalliana Iva axillaris Atriplex carnosa Chrysothamnus graveolens A. argentea C. pulcherrimus Dondia depressa Solidago gilvocanescens Sophora sericea B. MENSALES* The Flora of the Mesas is a transitional flora ; the mesas have most of the plants of the plains and in addition many of the plants of the foot-hills. There are, however, a considerable number of species, which are peculiar to the mesas. These mesas are flat tablelands rising abruptly a hundred feet or so above the plains in successive terraces. The altitude of the plains in Boulder County is from 5,000 to 5,500 feet. The lowest mesa, at an altitude of about 5,600 feet, has the flora of the plains, but at the next mesa, at an altitude of 5,700 feet, the flora begins to change, and from then on to the foot of the crags, 6,000 feet, the plains plants gradually tend to disappear and the foot-hill flora to come in. The highest mesas are so filled with waste from landslips from the crags, that they may be said to be an integral part of the foot-hills. And so, too, the streams have made deep canons through the mesas, the flora of which is not so very unlike that of the canons of the foot-hills. West of Marshall there is a high bog on the mesa, but as its plants differ in no wise from the bog plants of the plains, it will be dismissed with this notice. Six plant-societies are to be found upon the mesas : a. The meadow (Pratenses), which differs little from the plains meadow, although certain mountain species, such as the Mari- *For a detailed account of the vegetation of the mesas, see the pa- pers by Dodds, Ramaley, and Robbins, Univ. of Colo. Studies, 6, 11-49. l8 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [l66 posa lily, the painted cups, and the wool- joints are present, b. The cactus mesa (Spinosae). c. The Yucca mesa (Ensi- formes). d. The wooded mesa (Sylvestres). e. The brush mesa (Arbustales). f. The mesa canon (Vallicolae). a. Pratenses. The flora of the mesa meadow is com- posed of an admixture of plants both from the plains and the foot-hills. Typical plants are: Sorghastrum nutans Calochortus Gunnisonii Stipa comata Comandra pallida S. viridula Eriogonum alatum Bouteloua hirsuta E. flavum B. oligostachya E. umbellatum Atheropogon curtipendulus Polygonum Douglasii Koeleria cristata Silene antirrhina Poa triflora Lychnis Drummondii P. interior Delphinium Penardii P. pseudopratensis D. camporum P. junci folia D. Nelsonii P. confusa Anemone cylindrica Festuca octoflora Pulsatilla hirsutissima Agropyron tenerum Argemone intermedia A. pseudorepens Potentilla effusa Elymus brachystachys Drymocallis fissa E. villiflorus Lupinus Plattensis Carex marcida L. decumbens C. pratensis Geoprumnon succulentum C. straminea Astragalus nitidus C. straminiformis A. goniatus C. Pennsylvania vespertina Tium Drummondii C. umbellata brevirostris Aragallus Lambertii Tradescantia Universitatis A. sericeus Yucca glauca Psoralea tenuiflora :67] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO P. argophylla Geranium Fremontii Linum Lewisii Tithymalus philorus Nuttallia multiflora N. stricta Epilobium paniculatum Gayophytum intermedium Meriolix serrulata Gaura parviflora Gilia Candida G. pinnatifida G. sinuata Collomia linearis Phacelia heterophylla Oreocarya virgata Mertensia linearis M. lanceolata Pentstemon unilateralis P. secundiflorus P. gracilis P. humilis Castilleja linariae folia Campanula petiolata Gutierrezia longi folia G. scoparia Chrysopsis resinolens Solidago pallida Townsendia grandiflora Rudbeckia flava Ratibida columnaris Helianthus subrhomboideus Gaillardia aristata Artemisia dracunculoides A. Forwoodii A. frigida A. Brittonii Senecio Plattensis S. Nelsonii S. Fendleri b. Spinosae. The vegetation of the cactus mesa con- sists of a few species of cacti, of the prickly Ceanothus Fend- leri, and a few other xerophytic plants and undershrubs. The principal cacti are : Echinocereus viridiflorus O. polyacantha Opuntia mesacantha O. fragilis O. rhodantha O. Greenei c. Ensiformes. The best example of the Yucca mesa occurs near the entrance of Bear Canon. There the ground is practically denuded, and only sparse clumps of Yuccas and 2O UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [l68 bunch-grasses occupy the ground. The two species of im- portance are Yucca glauca and Eriocoma cuspidata. d. Sylvestres. A good example of the wooded mesa lies immediately back of the Chautauqua grounds. There the bull pine has descended from the foot-hills and taken posses- sion of the mesa. Besides the bull pine, Pinus scopulorum, the low juniper, Juniperus Sibirica, is of rare occurrence. Of herbs the most noteworthy is Arnica pedunculata, which is frequent under the pines. I found also only there Centun- culus minimus, perhaps the only known station of this plant in Colorado, since it is not included in Rydberg's Flora of Colo- rado. It is growing with Linaria Canadensis, which is like- wise an eastern plant. e. Arbustales. The brush mesa assumes various forms. Ordinarily some one species is in control. Occasionally it con- sists of various haws, as at the entrance of Gregory Canon, or of a thicket of juneberries, wax-currants, and skunk-bushes. South of Bluebell Canon is a mesa covered with the peculiar mountain mahogany. Wild cherries and plums are frequent, and the hackberry occasional in these shrubby thickets. The principal species are: Celtis reticulata C. erythropoda Ribes pumilum Prunus Americana R. longifolium P. melanocarpa Oreobatus deliciosus Toxicodendron Rydbergii Batidaea laetissima Schmaltzia trilobata Cercocarpus parvifolium Ceanothus Fendleri Rosa Sayi C. mollissimus Amelanchier oreophila C. subsericeus Crataegus occidentalis Symphoricarpos occidentalis C. Coloradensis 169] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 21 Of herbs the vetches and vetchlings are the most im- portant : Vicia sparsi folia V. producta V. dissitifolia Lathyrus leucanthus V. oregana f. Vallicolae. The mesa canon has a bewildering di- versity of floral elements, now consisting of thickets of haws with extremely vicious thorns, wild briers, the long-beaked hazel, and dwarf maples, now with a fontinal vegetation strikingly like our own Carolinian. One little gulch at the base of Flagstaff Hill has a vegetation composed quite wholly of eastern plants. Here occur Phragmites Phragmites, Sani- cula Marilandica, Steironema ciliatum, Veronica Americana, Eupatorium maculatum, and a form of Apios Apios, the last of which was not known to occur west of eastern Kansas previous to this collection. Since the streams have cut deeply into the surface, the canon of the mesa resembles greatly the canon of the foot-hills. There are riparian, rupestrine, clivose, and fontinal elements compressed within the space of a few feet. Mountain forms follow these streams often for some distance into the plain. And yet the facies of the flora is dis- tinctly eastern. Here are haws, hazels, maples, grapes, wild cherries, willows, cottonwoods, dogwoods, nine-barks. The herbs, too, have an eastern look — sweet cicelies, false Solo- mon's seals, water-leafs, fragile ferns, avens, bog-orchids. It is true that a closer examination reveals the fact that many of these plants belong to species which are strictly western, yet the fact remains that there is little in the vegetation that impresses as strange, one who is familiar only with the eastern flora, while all about him in plain, mesa, foot-hill, and mountain are utterly unfamiliar types of vegetation. So in this narrow UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [170 zone of gulches and canons is alone to be found the exact analogue of the Carolinian flora. The following are the im- portant species: Filix fragilis Phragmites Phragmites Carex festiva Allium Nuttallii A. Geyeri A. reticulatum Vagnera stellata Nemexia lasioneuron Limnorchis viridiflora L. laxiflora Oreobatus deliciosus Potentilla Pennsylvanica strigosa Geum scopulorum Rosa Sayi Amelanchier oreophila Crataegus Coloradensis C. occidentalis C. erythropoda C. Doddsii Corallorrhiza Corallorrhiza C. Coloradoides Populus Sargentii P. acuminata P. angustifolia Corylus rostrata Parietaria Pennsylvanica P. obtusa Humulus lupulus Neo- Mexicanus Cerastium occidentale Ranunculus abortivus Thalictrum purpurascens Sedum stenopetalum Heuchera parvi folia Ribes pumilum R. longi folium Opulaster intermedius O. Ramaleyi Prunus Americana P. Pennsylvanica P. melanocarpa Thermopsis divaricarpa Amorpha fruticosa Vicia oregana V. producta Apios Apios Boulderensis Geranium Parryi Toxicodendron Rydbergii Acer glabrum Rulac Negundo R. Texanum Vitis vulpina Pesedera vitacea Calceolaria linearis Circaea alpina I/l] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 23 Aralia nudicaulis Mertensia lanceolata Svida stolonifera Dracocephalum parviflorum Sanicula Marilandica Mimulus Hallii Osmorrhiza longistylis Veronica Americana O. obtusa Galium Vaillantii Ligusticum Porteri G. boreale Heracleum lanatum G. flaviflorum Steironema ciliatum Viburnum Lentago Collomia linearis Ambrosia trifida Hydrophyllum Fendleri Eupatorium maculatum Macrocalyx Nyctelea C. SUBMONTANAE The Foot-hill Flora covers not only the true foot-hills of the sandstone crags, but also the lower part of the mountain plateau. The flora is rich but monotonous. In most places the vegetation is thin; it is mainly a forest, but the trees are strewn but sparsely over the steep slopes. The amount of naked rock is very great. The altitude ranges from 5,800 to 8,600 feet. Some of the main streams, such as Boulder creek, have cut down to about 5,500 feet. Directly west of Boulder, and lying between Boulder and Gregory Canons, is Flagstaff Hill with an altitude of about 6,500 feet. Southwest of Boulder is Green Mountain, lying between Gregory and Bear Canons and having an altitude of 8,100 feet. South of Green Moun- tain is Bear Mountain, which attains a height of 8,600 feet, and is the loftiest peak in the first range of foot-hills in the vicinity of Boulder. The Foot-hill Flora merges rather abruptly into that of the mesas at the foot of the crags, and melts insensibly into the Subalpine Flora as it approaches the Main Range. It reaches its maximum development between an altitude of 6,500 and 24 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [l/2 7,000 feet. Below 6,500 feet there occur still many species be- longing to the Great Plains ; above 7,000 feet there is a rapid thinning out of species, and subalpine species become occas- ional, although it is not rare for such species in cold situations to go down to the 6,000 foot level. Yet at the summit of Green Mountain (8,100 feet) I found the flora still consisting in the main of the genuine foot-hill species. The Foot-hill Flora may be gathered into four main societies: a. The wooded slope (Sylvestres). b. The foot-hill meadow (Pratenses). c. The foot-hill canon (Vallicolae). d. The crevice and cranny vegetation of the rocks (Rimosae). a. Sylvestres.* The wooded slope society consists quite purely of bull pine and Douglas spruce, with now and then a few trees of other species of pine, and spruce, and fir. The trees stand usually at wide intervals, oftenest in rows, where some fault in the rock enables them to get a secure foothold. Occasionally on the north slopes, which are moister than any other, the trees stand in such close formation that it is almost impossible to make one's way through them. Ordinarily it is the Douglas spruce that behaves in this way, since the bull pine prefers a more open formation. Often two rather dis- *Young (Bot. Gaz. 44. 321-352) finds the following forest associa- tions about Boulder: i. Populus occidentalis — Salix fluviatilis, riparian upon the plains, but extending somewhat up the canons. 2. Populus angustifolia — Salix Nuttallii, riparian in the foothills. 3. Pinus scop u lorum, sylvan on the dry slopes of the foothills. 4. Pinus Murrayana, sylvan on the dry mountain sides. 5. Apinus flexilis, dry mountain slopes up to timber line. 6. Pseudotsuga — Picea Engelmanni, lower canons (submontane and montane). 7. Picea Engelmanni — Abies lasiocarpa, upper canons (high montane and subalpine to timber line). 8. Aspen society, throughout (north slopes at low altitudes, all slopes higher altitudes). 173] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO tinct forms of forest are discernible, the one of bull pine, the other of Douglas spruce; at other times the two are mixed. The Douglas spruce is at its best in moist ravines, and ascends to timber-line on the mountains, while the bull pine seldom gets above 9,000 feet. The following are characteristic species : Botrychium Virginianum Atragene occidentalis Pteridium aquilinum pubescens Pinus scopulorum P. Murrayana (rare) Apinus flexilis (rare) Picea Parryana Pseudotsuga mucronata Oryzopsis micrantha Muhlenbergia gracilis Melica bella Carex Deweyana Toxicoscordion falcatum Vagnera racemosa V. amplexicaulis Piperia Unalaschensis Peramium ophioides Populus tremuloides Betula papyri f era Andrewsii Chenopodium Fremontii Blitum capitatum Actaea arguta A. arguta eburnea Aquilegia coerulea (rare) Anemone globosa Ranunculus abortivus R. micrantha Cyrtorrhyncha ranunculina Odostemon repens Erysimum Cockerellianum Bosseckia parviflora Oreobatus deliciosus Batidaea laetissima Potentilla Hippiana Amelanchier oreophila Sorbus scopulina (rare) Thermopsis divaricarpa T. pinetorum Tium alpinum Homalobus tenella H. decumbens Lathyrus leucanthus Xanthoxalis stricta Ceanothus velutinus Viola vallicola V. Canadensis Rydbergii Lepargyraea Canadensis Chamaenerion angustifolium Harbouria trachypleura 26 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [174 Aletes obovata A. acaulis Ligusticum Ported Cogswellia Grayi Pterospora Andromedea Chimaphila umbellata Pyrola secunda P. uliginosa Arctostaphylos Uva-ursi Frasera stenosepala Apocynum scopulorum Phlox depressa Lappula floribunda L. angustata Scutellaria Brittoni Dracocephalum parviflorum Prunella vulgaris Monarda menthae folia M. mollis Scrophularia occidentalis Pentstemon oreophilus P. alpinus P. humilis Castilleja linariae folia C. cognata C. integra C. confusa Galium boreale G. triflorum Sambucus microbotrys Linnaea Americana Symphoricarpos occidentalis Campanula petiolata Specularia perfoliata Laciniaria ligulistylis Oreochrysum Parryi Solidago oreophila S. viscidula S. radulina S. trinervata Bucephalus glaucus Aster polycephalus A. laevis A. Porteri Machaeranthera Bigelovii M. aspera Erigeron salicinus E. macranthus Antennaria oxyphylla Anaphalis subalpina Gnaphalium Wrightii Rudbeckia flava Achillaea lanulosa Arnica cordi folia Senecio salicinus S. Nelsonii S. Fendleri Cirsium Americanum C. erosum Crepis petiolata C. angustata Hieracium albiflorum H. Fendleri Agoseris rostrata 175] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 27 b. Pratenses. The foot-hill meadow is not very unlike the mesa meadow ; the species are in part the same, but there is no sharp line between the flora of the foot-hill forest and the foot-hill meadow, on account of the openness -of the former. Only where the forest is dense enough to have a truly sylvan floor, are the light-loving plants absent. The foot-hill meadow society includes various grasses and certain herbs, such as painted-cups, fleabanes, Mariposa lilies, anemones, gaillardias, and the like. The following are the characteristic grasses and sedges : Stipa comata B. Pumpellianus S. viridula Agropyron Vaseyi S. Nelsonii A. Richardsoni S. Scribneri A. violaceum Calamagrostis purpurascens A. pseudorepens Koeleria cristata Elymus ambiguus Poa platyphylla E. strigosus P. crocata E. villiflorus P. longiligula Carex marcida P. longipedunculata C. Douglasii Festuca brachyphylla C. festiva F. confinis C. petasata Bromus lanatipes C. pratensis B. Richardsonii C. siccata c. Vallicolae. The foot-hill canon society consists of dense thickets of hazel, dwarf birch, willows, dogwoods, al- ders, and the like. About springs and along small rills is found a brief fontinal vegetation, the most delicate of all the plant-groups — mosses, liverworts, ferns, tway-blades, adder's- mouths, twisted-stalks, mountain lilies, shooting stars, cresses, sedges, and bog-orchids. The foot-hill canon flora differs from 28 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES I76 the mesa canon principally in the absence of the chaparral ele- ment, the haws and wild plums being absent. Most of the re- maining shrubs and arborescent plants are identical — the dwarf maple, the birch, the dogwood, the beaked hazel, the wild cherries, and the cottonwoods. The following are the chief species: Equisetum laevigatum Cinna lati folia Avena striata Eatonia Pennsylvanica Poa triflora Panicularia nervata P. Holmii Carex tenella C. Hoodii C. festiva C. aurea Juncus Balticus montanus Juncoides parviflorum Allium Geyeri A. reticulatum Lilium Philadelphicum montanum Vagnera stellata Streptopus amplexifolius Disporum ma jus Limnorchis viridiflora L. laxiflora Ibidium Romanzoffianum strictum Ophrys borealis Acroanthes monophylla Populus Sargentii P. angustifolia Salix caudata S. perrostrata S. Bebbiana Betula fontinalis Alnus tenui folia Corylus rostrata Crunocallis Chamissoi Clematis ligusticifolia Ranunculus reptans R. abortivus Thalictrum Fendleri Thlaspi Nuttallii T. Coloradense Draba streptocarpa Ribes Purpusi Opulaster intermedius O. Ramaleyi O. glabratus O. monogynus Rubus triflorus Fragaria bracteata Geum strictum G. Oregonense Rosa Macounii 177] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 29 R. Fendleri R. aciculata R. Maximiliani Prunus Pennsylvanica P. melanocarpa Geranium Richardsonii Acer glabrum Epilobium adenocaulon Circaea alpina Aralia nudicaulis Svida stolonifera Heracleum lanatum Angelica ampla Dodecatheon radicatum D. sinuatum Mertensia pimctata M. viridula M. lanceolata Collinsia tenella Mimulus floribundus Veronica Americana Distegia involucrata Adoxa Moschatellina Solidago Pitcheri S. polyphylla Gymnolomia multiflora Rudbeckia laciniata Bahia dissecta Senecio hydrophyllus S. perplexus Amarella scopulorum d. Rimosae. The crevice and cranny vegetation of the rocks consists of lichens, rupestrine ferns, alum roots, orpines, selaginellas, and many shrubs, such as the Jamesia, the wax- currant, juneberries, flowering raspberries, salmonberries, roses, and gooseberries. The Rocky Mountain red cedar stands often in grotesquely gnarled and twisted forms at the verges of the crags. It mav be remarked that this flora is of prime importance, since so large a portion of the region consists of naked rock. In fact the foot-hill flora in general is more or less rupestrine in character. There is gathered here only the strictly rock-loving vegetation. These are typical species : Polypodium hesperium W. oregana Dryopteris Filix-mas Filix fragilis Woodsia scopulina Cryptogramma acrostichoides 3O UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [178 Cheilanthes Feei Edwinia Americana C. Fendleri Ribes Purpusi Asplenium Trichomanes R. pumilum A. Andrewsii Oreobatus deliciosus Belvisia septentrionalis Rosa melina Selaginella Underwoodii Amelanchier oreophila Sabina scopulorum Xylophacos Parryi Parietaria Pennsylvanica Androsace puberulenta Talinum parviflorum A. pinetorum Physaria didymocarpa Coleosanthus minor P. floribunda C. albicaulis Sedum stenopetalum Chrysopsis caudata Heuchera bracteata Senecio Nelsonii Micranthes rhomboidea S. longipetiolatus D. MONTANAE The Montane Flora begins at about the 8,000 foot levelr though, as we have seen, on the isolated peaks of the first range of foot-hills the Foot-hill Flora still largely persists even to the summits, or some 600 feet higher. The Montane Flora extends upward to the approximate altitude of 10,000 feet. It is for the most part a forest of lodgepole pine. The zone includes the slopes of the main range below 10,000 feet, and also the higher portions of the adjacent mountain plateau. Some of its characteristic species, indeed, tend to spread throughout the mountain plateau, and in cold valleys may even go as low as 6,000 feet. The montane as also the subalpine slopes have abundant rainfall, showers occur- ring nearly every afternoon. At least this was true of the sum- mer of 1906. The ground is often boggy and springy, and cold with snow water. On north and east slopes the snow remains in the higher and deeper valleys till midsummer; 179] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 31 hence the flowering season is short. In a period of about six weeks, from the middle of July to the first of September, the main part of the vegetation in these cool valleys is brought to perfection. Species, which on the mesas had bloomed before my arrival on the eighteenth of June, I found just in blossom at Eldora on the mountainsides August thirty-first. I saw too little of the Montane Flora, since I spent only six days in collections, where it occurs, to be able to separate it definitely into plant-societies. But the chief types as I saw it at Ward, Eldora, and Glacier lake, will be briefly described. In the Montane Subzone there are, perhaps, six tolerably distinct types of vegetation-association: a. The montane forest (Sylvales). b. The montane bog (Paludosae). c. The montane lake (Lacustres). d. The arid brush slope (Arbustales). e. The montane meadow (Pratenses). f. The montane stream (Amnicolae). a. Sylvales. The montane sylva consists of a close for- est of lodgepole pine interspersed with some bull pine and Rocky Mountain white pine, as well as with the various spruces and firs. The spruces and firs occur principally in the valleys, while on the barren ridges, the pines assume a scrub- like form. On these ridges occur many peculiar species of dwarf herbs — golden rods, asters, fleabanes, cat's-feet, actin- ellas, groundsels. A few of the more characteristic species of the montane sylva are the following : Pinus scopulorum Pseudotsuga mucronata P. Murrayana Abies lasiocarpa Apinus flexilis Calamagrostis purpurascens Picea Engelmanni Trisetum subspicatum P. Parryana Avena striata UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [180 Poa longipedunculata Agropyron Arizonicum A. andinum A. violaceum Carex Geyeri Cytherea bulbosa Populus tremuloides Aquilegia coerulea Delphinium occidentalis Erysimum Cockerellianum Draba streptocarpa D. aurea Ribes lentum Potentilla concinna Fragaria glauca Thermopsis divaricarpa Tium alpinum Atelophragma elegans Aragallus deflexus Conioselinum scopulorum Eutoca sericea Pentstemon oreophilus P. alpinus Castilleja integra C. confusa C. lauta C. land folia C. sulphurea Pedicularis racemosa P. Grayi Symphoricarpos oreophilus Chrysopsis Bakeri Oreochrysum Parryi Solidago decumbens S. oreophila Bucephalus Engelmannii Aster Underwoodii A. Porteri A. Andrewsii Erigeron multifidus E. trifidus E. glandulosus E. superbus E. macranthus E. speciosus E. subtrinervis E. eximius Antennaria concinna A. parvifolia A. aprica Anaphalis subalpina Tetraneuris lanigera Artemisia silvicola Senecio pudicus S. lanatifolius S. ambrosioides Cirsium Coloradense Hieracium albiflorum Agoseris Leontodon A. humilis b. Paludosae. The montane bog is characterized by the presence of the quaking aspen and other Hudsonian plants. FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 33 The aspen, however, is not confined to the bogs, but forms groves in slight depressions throughout the mountains, and oc- curs on Green Mountain not much, if any, above 6,000 feet. The aspen occurs in the drier portions of the bogs along with other uliginose plants. The bog vegetation is very rich in species. A fine specimen of the montane bog is found just west of Eldora at an elevation of 8,600 feet. The following are characteristic species : Muhlenbergia simplex M. filiformis Phleum alpinum Cinna latifolia Trisetum montanum T. subspicatum Merathrepta intermedia Poa reflexa P. Vaseyana Carex canescens C. occidentalis C. ebenea C. Goodenovii C. utriculata Juncus Saximontanus Juncoides parviflorum Limnorchis stricta L. borealis Ibidium strictum Populus tremuloides Salix Scouleriana S. brachycarpa S. glaucops S. chlorophylla Betula glandulosa Rumex densiflorus Polygonum confertiflorum Alsine longi folia Aconitum Columbianum A. insigne A. ochroleucum Ranunculus cardiophyllus R. inamoenus R. micropetalus R. pedatifidus Pectianthia pentandra Micranthes arguta Parnassia fimbriata Dasiphora fruticosa Sidalcea Candida Viola palustris V. pallens Epilobium adenocaulon E. rubescens E. anagallidi folium Oxypolis Fendleri Dodecatheon philoscia Anthopogon barbellatus 34 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [l&s! Amarella plebeja E. jucundus Pleurogyne fontana Gnaphalium palustre Allocarya scopulorum Artemisia biennis Mimulus puberulus Senecio triangularis Veronica Wormskjoldii S. admirabilis Elephantella Groenlandica S. cymbalarioides Erigeron minor Crepis denticulata E. lonchophyllus c. Lacustres.* The montane lacustrine and .-marginal vegetation I saw only at Glacier lake. Besides some aquatic grasses, notably Des • champ sia caespitosa, there occur the float- ing bur-reed, Sparganium angustifolium, the white water- crowfoot, Batrachium flaccidum, and the aquatic mudwort, Limosella aquatica. The yellow pond-lily, Nymphaea poly- sepala, grows also in some of these high lakes. d. Arbustales. The arid brush slope vegetation consists quite wholly of the true sage-brush, Artemisia tridentata. This community is rare in the region, and I have seen it only be- tween Glacier lake and Eldora near Bluebird mine. e. Pratenses. The montane meadow is truly a paradise of flowers. It is not uncommon to see acre upon acre of meadow glorious with purple and blue and red and yellow and white and scarlet. Never have I seen flowers anywhere else in such profusion nor with such gorgeous hues — monkshoods, larkspurs, louseworts, milk-vetches, locoweeds, squawweeds, death-camasses, grasses, rushes, sedges, and blue-eyed grasses. The following species are typical: *For a detailed account of the vegetation of these high lakes, con- sult the paper by Ramaley and Robbins on Redrock lake near Ward (Univ. of Colo. Studies, 6. 133-168). 183] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 35 Muhlenbergia Richardsonis Anemone globosa M. simplex Phleum alpinum Agrostis asperifolia Deschampsia caespitosa Poa pratensis P. reflexa P. leptocoma P. interior P. Vaseyana Festuca rubra Carex occidentals C. Hoodii C.. f estiva C. ebenea C. petasata C. lanuginosa Anticlea Coloradensis Juncus longistylis J. parous J. Saximontanus Sisyrinchium alpestre S. angusti folium Delphinium occidentale Aconitum porrectum A. Columbianum A. insigne A. ochroleucum Clementsia rhodantha Potentilla pulcherrima P. Hippiana P. propinqua Dasiphora fruticosa Geum Oregonense Erythrocoma ciliata Tium alpinum Homalobus tenellus Aragallus Lambertii A. patens A. Richardsonii Geranium Richardsonii Sidalcea Candida Dodecatheon radicatum Castilleja sulphurea Elephantella Groenlandica Pedicularis Grayi Valeriana ceratophylla Erigeron Smithii Arnica subplumosa Senecio scopulinus S. chloranthus S. pseudaureus Agoseris parviflora A. laciniata A. humilis There is, of course, a montane rupestrine society, Rupestres, but I am too little acquainted with it to be able to give an adequate account of it. I, however, noted the 36 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [184 austromontane saxifrage, Leptasea austromontana, and the glandular phacelia, Phacelia glandulosa. There is also a brief campestrian vegetation about Eldora, reproducing, in other species, the facies of the Great Plains, Campestres; I may instance as species : Grindelia subalpina, G. Eldorae, Chrysothamnus Parryi, and C. elegans. f. Amnicolae. The montane stream vegetation is seen at its best about small rills. Along the larger streams it as- sumes a typical riparian aspect, much like that of the canon society of the foot-hills along the large streams. Since the' water in these streams is very cold inasmuch as they are fed from the wasting snows of the alpine valleys, the montane vegetation can scarcely be distinguished from the true sub- alpine vegetation of the streams. The list of species will, therefore, be deferred until the subalpine stream vegetation is reached. E. SUBALPESTBES The Subalpine zone extends from about the 10000 foot level to timberline, and hence coincides with the upper slopes of the Main Range. It is in the main a forest of Engelmann spruce, with occasional high meadows and bogs. Lakes, too, are numerous. I have personal knowledge of only two formations: a. The subalpine forest (Sylvales). b. The subalpine stream (Amnicolae). a. Ses. Ival. The subalpine forest consists mainly of Engelmann spruce, Picea Engelmanni, and balsam fir, Abies lasiocarpa. I have but a very slight knowledge of the herbs characterizing this formation, but I noticed along the Arapahoe Trail the following species, which I had not seen in the mon- FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 37 tane forest : Eriogonum subalpinum, Arnica Parryi, and Sene- cio atratus. A large number of the montane sylvan species were observed. b. Amnicolae. The subalpine stream vegetation is very luxuriant. It has on the one hand a very close affinity with the montane stream vegetation, and on the other with that of the wet alpine tundra. Not only does the snow linger late in these high valleys, the water of the streams is also very cold. In the list that follows the montane species are included as well: Poa platyphylla P. alpina Carex Goodenovii Populus balsamifera P. angusti folia Salix caudata S. Scouleriana Betula fontinalis Alnus tenui folia Bistorta bistortioides Alsine Baicalensis Caltha leptosepala Trollius albiflorus Anemone Canadensis Ranunculus reptans R. inamoenus R. micropetalus Cardamine cordi folia C. incana Clementsia rhodantha Pectianthia pentandra Micranthes arguta Parnassia fimbriata Sidalcea Candida Oxypolis Fendleri Primula Parryi Swertia palustris Polemonium robustum Mertensia polyphylla Mimulus Langsdorfii M. puberulus Helianthella quinquenervis Senecio triangularis I am almost wholly unacquainted with the remaining sub- alpine formations, such as the lacustrine, palustrous, rupes- trine, the subalpine summit and high ridge floras. I saw a 38 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [l86 little of these at Ward and on the high slopes above Bloomer- ville, and on Arapahoe Peak just below timberline, but I am unable to give any clear account of the vegetation.* F. ALPESTBESf Between 11,000 and 12,000 feet' tree-growth ceases ab- ruptly. The spruces and firs bend and hug the ground. The willows branch and fork underground and rise to the height of but a few inches. The precise altitude of the timberline depends somewhat on the exposure, and differs, therefore, from peak to peak, but 11,500 feet is, perhaps, on an average the lower limit of the alpine zone. I am acquainted with this zone only on Arapahoe Peak, where I spent one day, Septem- ber first, and collected some no species, most of them above timberline. The total number of species known to reach an altitude of 12,000 feet, or above, in Colorado is 386.* The alpine flora may be conveniently gathered into two societies : a. The wet alpine tundra (Tundrales). b. The dry rock-desert (Alpinae) of the summits. a. Tundrales. The wet tundra occupies the region of cold water-soaked soil. The water from the wasting snows collects in depressions, streams are formed, and along these the *I refer the reader to the excellent paper on Redrock lake near Ward, by Ramaley and Robbins (Univ. of Colo. Studies, 6, 133-168). t Consult for the Alpine Flora Cooper's Alpine vegetation in the vi- cinity of Long's Peak, Colorado (Bot. Gaz., 45, 319-337). He recog- nizes three plant formations: i. The dry meadow. 2. The wet mead- ow. 3. The Krummholtz. The latter, while striking enough, is rather but the upper level of the spruce forest, striving to persist in Alpine con- ditions. JFor a list of these see the article by Cockerell on the Alpine Flora of Colorado (Am. Nat., 40, 86-873). i87] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 39 vegetation clings. Often the streams flow concealed under the dwarf spruces and firs, their existence there being known only by their roaring underneath. Parry's primrose, saxi- frages, globeflowers, white cowslips, gentians, red elephants, several sedges, grasses, and rushes are examples of the wet tundra vegetation. The Krummholtz of spruce and fir at the timberline consists chiefly of Engelmann spruce, Picea Engel- manni, and balsam fir, Abies lasiocarpa. The wet tundra con- tinues down to the lower edge of the alpine zone, whence it de- scends and coalesces with the subalpine stream vegetation. The following are characteristic species : Lycopodium annotinum Trollius albiflorus Picea Engelmanni Abies lasiocarpa Alopecurus occidentalis Trisetum ma jus Poa reflexa P. leptocoma P. alpicola P. alpina Carex festiva C. ebenea C. bella Juncus Drummondii Juncoides spicatum Salix glaucops S. chlorophylla Bistorta bistortioides B. vivipara Alsine Baicalensis Caltha leptosepala Ranunculus pedatifidus R. alpeophilus Thlaspi Coloradense Draba Fladnizensis Clementsia rhodantha Pectianthia pentandra Saxifraga debilis Micranthes arguta Viola Canadensis Neo- Mexicani Angelica Grayi Pseudocymopterus tenuifolius Kalmia microphylla Primula Parryi Androsace subumbellata A. diffusa Anthopogon elegans A. barbellatus 40 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [l88 Amarella monantha Erigeron jucundus A. plebeja Holmii E. salsuginosus Swertia palustris E. superbus Mertensia polyphylla Senecio carthamoides Veronica Wormskjoldia S. blitoides Castilleja Arapahoensis S. pseudaureus Elephantella Groenlandica Hieracium gracile Pedicularis Parryi b. Alpinae. The dry rock-desert lies mingled with or above the wet tundra and extends to the summit, wherever there is soil not covered with snow. The vegetation suffers from ex- treme exposure, and grows close to the ground, seldom, unless sheltered by rocks, rising more than an inch or two in height. In sheltered places under rocks, even at this extreme altitude, I found several beautiful clusters of the blue columbine, the state flower of Colorado, with stems twelve to eighteen inches high, and with blossoms two inches across. The wooly-headed thistle, too, was found of the same height. But in general the vegetation is much dwarfed. Next to the wet tundra the Krummholtz of spruce and fir still persists, under which I detected some fine specimens of club-moss; but farther up there is no shrubby vegetation except the underground wil- lows. The vegetation grows in little rounded tussocks, and consists of the alpine catch-fly, rock-primrose scarcely half an inch high, sibbaldia, dryas, alpine clovers, dwarf sedges, grasses, and rushes, and, last of all, the little yellow saxi- frages and the snowflowers, which are often blossoming at the snow-line. Now and then on the high exposed ridges the beautiful rydbergia rises five or six inches above the mountain turf, its stems and leaves and large yellow flowers swathed in dense wool. For what must be the tribulations of this i89] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO alpine vegetation at the line of perpetual snow, with the alter- nate freezing by night and thawing by day, with the keen light, and bleak winds, and the fierce fury of the storms? And yet the alpine flora is exquisitely beautiful. It shares the fascina- tion of its sublime mountain home, to which it lends the only touch of delicate grace. I append a list of alpine summit species, most of which I found on Arapahoe Peak or are known to grow there: Trisetum subspicatum Poa crocata P. rupicola P. Pattersonii P. longipedunculata Festuca brachyphylla F. minutiflora Agropyron violaceum Carex incurva C. atrata C. chalciolepis C. rigida C. chimaphila C. nigricans C. Pyrenaica C. rupestris C. obtusata C. capillaris Juncus triglumis J. castaneus Allium Pikeanum Erythronium parviflorum Lloydia serotina Salix pseudolapponicum S. petrophila S. Saximontana Monolepis Nuttalliana Oxyria digyna Paronychia pulvinata Claytonia megarrhiza Oreobroma pygmaea Arenaria Tweedyi A. Fendleri Alsinopsis propinqua A. obtusiloba Silene acaulis Aquilegia coerulea Ranunculus adoneus Thlaspi Nuttallii T. purpurascens Erysimum nivale E. Cockerellianum Draba crassifolia D. cana D. streptocarpa D. luteola UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES IQO D. aureiformis D. aurea D. decumbens Sedum stenopetalum Heuchera Hallii H. parvifolia Micranthes rhomboidea Leptasea chrysantha L. austromontana L. flagellaris Potentilla dissecta Sibbaldia procumbens Erythrocoma ciliata Acomastylis turbinata A. Arapahoensis Dryas octopetala Amelanchier polycarpa Tri folium lividum T. dasyphyllum Epilobium anagallidi folium Vaccinium scoparium Primula angusti folia P. Parryi Dasystephana Romanzovii D. Parryi Polemonium scopulinum P. delicatum P. Brandegeei Eutoca sericea Mertensia alpina M. perplexa Pentstemon glaucus stenosepalus Chionophila Jamesii 'Besseya alpina Castilleja occidentalis Pedicularis scopulorum Campanula uniflora Tonestus pygmaeus Solidago decumbens Erigeron pinnatisectus E. multifidus E. melanocephalus E. simplex E. leucotrichus Antennaria media A. umbrinella A. imbricata A. corymbosa A. aprica A. anaphaloides Tetraneuris lanigera Rydbergia grandiflora Artemisia spithamea Arnica platyphylla A. Parryi Senecio crassulus S. atratus S. crocatus Cirsium scopulorum C. griseum Crepis alpicola 191] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 43 IV. SPECIAL GLASSES OF PLANTS Independent of the five great zones of vegetation are two special classes of plants: A. The saprophytic and parasi- tic plants (SAPROPHYTICALES ET PARASITI- CALES). B. The plants which largely owe their presence to human agency (ANTHROPOPHYTICALES). These consist of the various cultural plants, of weeds, and of es- capes. A. SAPROPHYTICALES ET PARASITICALES Besides the saprophytic and parasitic fungi there are a few phanerogams, which are destitute of chlorophyl and are true saprophytes or parasites. The following are known to occur in the region : Corallorrhiza Corallorrhiza (saprophytic in rich soil) C. multiflora (saprophytic in rich soil) Razoumofskya Americana (parasitic on lodgepole pine) R. cryptopoda (parasitic on bull pine) Pterospora Andromedea (parasitic on the roots of bull pine) Cuscuta curta (parasitic on Iva xanthifolia and other coarse herbs) C. indecora (parasitic on Thermopsis pinetorum and other legumes) Thalesia fasciculata (parasitic on Artemisia frigida and other Composites) There are also a few root-parasites with green foliage, notably Comandra pallida, Gerardia Besseyana, and the Cas- tillejas. B. ANTHROPOPHYTICALES Only three kinds of anthropophytic plants need concern us here : a. Forage plants (Faenales), which have become 44 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [192 thoroughly naturalized, b. Weeds (Ruderales). c. Cul- tural and ornamental plants that have escaped (Fugitivae). a. Faenales. Most of the common forage grasses and clovers have become thoroughly established about Boulder. I have noted the following: Phleum pratense Festuca elatior Agrostis alba Lolium Italicum Dactylis glomerata Tri folium pratense Poa pratensis T. repens P. compressa T. hybridum P. trivialis Medica sativa b. Ruderales. In the appended list of weeds only those that have been introduced from elsewhere, or, if native, are also common weeds in many parts of the United States, have been included. However, many native species, such as the various gum-weeds and spurges, must often be bad weeds in cultivated grounds. But to do justice to the ruderal aspects of the native flora would require much special study, such as one is unable to make in the course of a few weeks, and es- pecially one who is unfamiliar with agriculture as carried on in Colorado. I noted the following weeds : Syntherisma sanguinale B. secalinus Panicum capillare B. hordeaceus Echinochloa Crus-galli B. tectorum Chaetochloa glauca Rumex Acetosella C. viridis R. crispus Cenchrus Carolinianus R. obtusifolius Avena fatua Polygonum erectum Eragrostis major P. aviculare Poa annua Persicaria Persicaria Bromus brizaeformis Tiniaria Convolvulus 193] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 45 Chenopodium leptophyllum C. album C. hybridum C. Botrys Salsola Tragus Amaranthus retroflexus A. blitoides A. graecizens Mollugo verticillata Portulaca oleracea P. retusa Alsine media Silene antirrhina S. noctiflora Vaccaria Vaccaria Thlaspi arvense Bursa Bursa-pastoris Sisymbrium officinale Brassica juncea B. nigra Camelina sativa Tridophyllum Monspeliensis Medicago Lupulina Melilotus alba M. officinale Erodium cicutarium Malva rotundi folia Pastinaca sativa Convolvulus arvensis Nepeta Cataria Glecoma hederacea Leonurus Cardiaca Mentha spicata Physalis Virginiana P. heterophylla Datura Stramonium D. Tatula Verbascum Thapsus V. Blattaria Veronica serpyllifolia V. Byzantina Plantago major P. lanceolata Micrampelis lobata Iva xanthi folia I. axillaris Ambrosia trifida A. artemisifolia A. psilostachya Xanthium commune Erigeron ramosus Leptilon Canadense Helianthus petiolaris Bidens vulgata Boebera papposa Anthemis Cotula Tragopogon pratensis T. porrifolius Cichorium Intybus Taraxacum Taraxacum Lactuca integrata Sonchus arvense S. asper 46 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [194 c. Fugitivae. I noted the following escapes: Chaetochloa Italica Brassica campestris Avena sativa Koniga maritima Triticum vulgare Raphanus sativus Hordeum sativum Ribes vulgare hexastichon Althaea rosea Asparagus officinale Carum Carvi Atriplex hortensis Pharbitis purpurea Saponaria officinalis Lycopsis arvensis Delphinium Ajacis Lycium vulgare Papaver Argemone Lycopersicon Lycopersicon Armoracia Armoracia V. BIBLIOGRAPHY. Allison, Edith M. Bibliography and history of Colorado botany. Univ. of Colo. Studies, 6, 51-76, 1908. Clements, Frederic E. Formation and succession herbaria. Univ. of Neb. Studies, 4, 329-355. Cockerel I, T. D. A. The alpine flora of Colorado. Am. Nat, 40, 861-873. Cooper, William S. Alpine vegetation in the vicinity of Long's Peak, Colorado. Bot. Gaz., 45, 319-337. Dodds, Gideon S. Students of mesa and foothill vegetation, I. 1. Geology and physiography of the mesas. Univ. of Colo. Studies, 6, 11-19. Ramaley, Francis. Botanical opportunity in Colorado. Univ. of Colo. Studies, 6, 5-10. Ramaley, Francis. Botany of northeastern Larimer /County, Colo. Univ. of Colo. Studies, 5, 119-131. Ramaley, Francis. Plants of the Florissant region in Colorado. Univ. of Colo. Studies, 3, 177-185. Ramaley, Francis. Remarks on some Northern Colorado plant communities with special reference to Boulder Park (Tolland, Col- orado). Univ. of Colo. Studies, 7, 223-236. Ramaley, Francis. The silva of Colorado, I. Trees of the Pine family in Colorado. Univ. of Colo. Studies, 4, 109-122. Ramaley, Francis. The silva of Colorado, II. The poplars, aspens, and cottonwoods. Univ. of Colo. Studies, 4, 187-197. Ramaley, Francis. The silva of Colorado, 888. Woody plants of Boulder County. Univ. of Colo. Studies, 5, 47-63. Ramaley, Francis. Studies of mesa and foothill vegetation, I. 2. Climatology of the mesas near B'oulder. Univ. of Colo. Stud- ies, 6, 19-31. Ramaley, Francis. The University of Colorado mountain lab- oratory. Univ. of Colo. Studies, 7, 91-95. 195] 47 48 BIBLIOGRAPHY [ 196 Bamaley, Francis, and Bobbins, W. W. Ecological notes from North-Central Colorado. Univ. of Colo. Studies, 5, 111-117. Ramaley, Panels, and Bobbins, W. W. Studies in lake and streamside vegetation, I. Redrock lake near Ward, Colorado. Univ. of Colo. Studies, 6, 133-168. Bobbins, W. W. Climatology and vegetation in Colorado. Bot. Gaz., 49, 256-280. Bobbins, W. W. Studies in mesa and foothill vegetation, I. 4. Distribution of deciduous trees and shrubs on the mesas. Univ. of Colo. Studies, 6, 36-49. Bobbins, W. W., and Dodds, G. S. Studies in mesna and foot- hill vegitation, I. 3. Distribution of conifers os the mesas. Univ. of Colo. Studies, 6, 31-36. Shantz, H. L. A biological study of the lakes of the Pike's Peak region. Trans. Am. Micro. Soc., 27, 75-98. Shantz, H. L. A study of the vegetation of the mesa region east of Pike's Peak. Bot. Gaz. 42, 16-47; 179-207. Young, R. T. Forest formations of Boulder County, Colorado. Bot. Gaz. 44, 321-352. FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO, AND VICINITY Subkingdom L PTERIDOPHYTA. Fern-worts, Order i. OPHIOGLOSSALES. Family i. OPHIOGLOSSACEAE Presl. Adder's-tongue family. 1. BOTRYCHIUM Swartz. MOON WORT. 1. B. Virginiannm (L.) Swartz. VIRGINIA GRAPE-FERN. Forested slopes of Green Mt., above 7000 ft.; very scarce, only two or three plants discovered (Daniels, 606).* LABRADOR to BRITISH COLUMBIA; FLORIDA to TEXAS and WASHINGTON. Order 2. FILICALES. Family 2. POLYPODIACEAE R. Br. Polypody family. 2. POLYPODIUM L. POLYPODY. 2. P. hesperium Maxon. WESTERN POLYPODY. On a single rock in a canon on the north slope of Green Mt., 7500 ft. (Daniels, 605). MONTANA to BRITISH COLUMBIA and WASHINGTON; COLO- RADO to ARIZONA. 3. DRYOPTEKIS Adans. SHIELD-FERN. 3. D. Filix-mas (L.) Schott [Aspidium Filix-mas (L.) Swartz]. MALE-FERN. Summit of South Boulder Peak; Bear Canon; high canons of Green Mt. ; Boulder Canon near Falls; apparently quite * See preface for explanation of numbers. 197] 49 5O UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [198 evenly, but not abundantly distributed throughout in moist rocky canons, 6000-8600 ft. (Daniels, 555). NOVA SCOTIA and MICHIGAN to ALASKA; NEW MEXICO and COLORADO to CALIFORNIA. 4. WOQDSIA R. Br. 4. W. scopulina D. C. Eaton. CLIFF WOODSIA. The most abundant fern of the foot-hills and lower moun- tainsides, occurring wherever rocks are exposed to the sur- face, 5700-8100 ft. (Daniels, 156). MICHIGAN to BRITISH COLUMBIA; COLORADO and ARIZONA to CALIFORNIA. 5. W. Oregana D. C. Eaton. MOUNTAIN WOODSIA. With the preceding, but much scarcer, and ranging to the timberlme or above, 5600-11000 ft. (Daniels, 361). Long's Peak (Coulter in Wabash College Herb.). MICHIGAN to BRITISH COLUMBIA; COLORADO and ARIZONA to CALIFORNIA. 5. FILIX Adans. BLADDER-FERN. 6. F. fragilis (L.) Underw. [Cystopteris fragilis Bernh.]. FRAGILE-FERN. Throughout on the moister rocks; apparently the only fern of the plains region, 5100-13000 ft. (Daniels, 23). Almost cosmopolitan. 6. PTERIDIUM Scop. BRACKEN. 7. P. aquilinum pubescens Underw. HAIRY BRAKE. Canons of Green Mt., and gulches at the foot of the Flat- irons; Bear Canon; local, but abundant where found, 5800- IOOOO ft. (Daniels, 277). MONTANA and COLORADO to ARIZONA and CALIFORNIA. 7. CRYPTOGRAMMA R. Br. PARSLEY-FERN. 8. C. aerostichoides R. Br. ROCK PARSLEY-FERN. High ridges of rock, descending on Green Mt. to about 6500 ft., thence to above HOOO ft. (Daniels, 271). MICHIGAN to ALASKA; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA. 199] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 5 1 8. CHEILANTHES Swartz. LIP-FERN. 9. C. Feei Moore [C. gracilis Mett. ; C. lanuginosa Nutt.]. WOOLLY LIP-FERN. Growing with Asplenium Andrewsii A. Nelson on the south face of a white sandstone (alkaline) cliff extending along Boulder creek for a mile or more (Andrews, in Nelson, Proc. of the Biol. Soc. of Wash., 17, 175). ILLINOIS and MINNESOTA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; MISSOURI to TEXAS and ARIZONA. 10. C. Fendleri Hook. FENDLER'S LIP-FERN. Dry rocks, Boulder, 5900-8500 ft. (Rydberg). COLORADO and TEXAS to CALIFORNIA. 9. ASPLENIUM L. SPLEENWORT. 11. A. Trichomanes L. MAIDEN-HAIR SPLEENWORT. Limestone rocks, South Boulder Canon, 5400-7000 ft. (Rydberg). NORTH AMERICA: EUROPE: ASIA: SOUTH AFRICA: PACIFIC ISLANDS. 12. A. Andrewsii A. Nelson. ANDREWS'S SPLEENWORT. Growing abundantly in crevices with Cheilanthes Feei Moore (Andrews, in Nelson, loc. cit. pp. 174-175). Known only from the type locality as above. 10. BELVISIA Mirb. GRASS-FERN. 13. B. septentrionalis (L.) Mirb. [Asplenium septentrio- nalis (L.) Hoffm.] NORTHERN GRASS-FERN. Bald ridges of Green Mt; south slope of Bear Mt.; South Boulder Canon, 6000-7000 ft. (Daniels, 358). SOUTH DAKOTA to MONTANA; NEW MEXICO to ARIZONA. 52 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [2OO Order 3. EQUISETALES. Family 3. EQUISETACEAE Michx. Horsetail family. 11. EQUISETITM L. HORSETAIL. 14. E. arvense L. FIELD HORSETAIL. Swales and shores of streams; sandy moist meadows, 5100- 10000 ft. (Daniels, 260). NORTH AMERICA: EUROPE: ASIA. 15. E. laevigatrim A. Br. SMOOTH SCOURING RUSH. Along streams and railway embankments in the plains and on the mountains, 5100-12500 ft. (Daniels, 392). NEW JERSEY to BRITISH COLUMBIA; NORTH CAROLINA to MEXICO and CALIFORNIA. Order 4. LYCOPODIALES. Family 4. LYCOPODIACEAE Michx. Clubmoss family. 12. LYCOPODITJM L. CLUBMOSS. 16. L. annotiimm L. STIFF CLUBMOSS Under dwarf and procumbent shrubs, hidden almost com- pletely from view, Arapahoe Peak, above timberline, nooo- 11500 ft. (Daniels, 879). LABRADOR to ALASKA; WEST VIRGINIA to COLORADO and WASHINGTON: EUROPE: ASIA. Family 5. SELAGINELLACEAE Underw. Selaginella family. 13. SELAGINELLA Beauv. LITTLE CLUBMOSS. 17. S. densa Rybd.fS. Engelmanni Hieron.] DENSE SELA- GINELLA. Forests, Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley & Robbins). SOUTH DAKOTA to MONTANA ; NEBRASKA to COLORADO. 17^. S. TInderwoodii Hieron. [S. rupestris Fendleri Un- derw.]. UNDERWOOD'S SELAGINELLA. Common on exposed rocks, 6000-8100 ft. (Daniels, IS1)- Redrock lake 10100 ft. (Ramaley and Robbins). COLORADO to NEW MEXICO. 2Ol] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 53, Subkingdom II SPERMATOPHYTA. Seed plants. Class i. OTMNOSPERMAE. Order 5. FINALES. Family 6. PINACEAE Lindl. Pine family. 14. PINTS L. PINE. 18. P. scopulorum (Engelm.) Lemmon [P. ponder osa scopu- lorum Engelm.]. BULL PINE. Common on the higher mesas, foothills, and mountains, 5700-10000 ft. (Daniels, 97). SOUTH DAKOTA and NEBRASKA to MONTANA; TEXAS to- ARIZONA. 19. P. eontorta Murrayana (Oreg. Com.) Engelm. LODGE, POLE PINE, Mountains about Ward, and between Sugarloaf Mt. and Glacier Lake, 7000-10000 ft. (Daniels, 302). MONTANA to ALASKA; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA. 15. APINTJS Necker. CEMBRA PINE. 20. A. flexilis (James) Rydb. [Pinus flexilis James]. ROCKY MOUNTAIN WHITE PINE. Rare on high ridges of Green Mt.; also at Ward, 7300- iiooo ft. (Daniels, 771). ALBERTA to TEXAS and CALIFORNIA. 16. PICEA Link. SPRUCE. 21. P. Engelmanni (Parry) Engelm. ENGELMANN SPRUCE. Bear Canon; Boulder Canon near Falls; common upon the main range of the mountains, 7000 (Bear Canon) -noooft. (Daniels, 294). ALBERTA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; NEW MEXICO to ARIZONA, 22. P. Parryana (Andree) Sarg. [P. pungens Engelm.]. BLUE SPRUCE. Common in canons throughout, 6500-10000 ft. (Cockerell); Fourth of July Mine; South Boulder Canon (Ramaley). WYOMING and NEW MEXICO to UTAH. 54 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [2O2 17. PSETJDOTSUGA Carr. RED FIR. 23. P. mucronata (Raf.) Sudw. [P. Douglasii Carr.]. DOUGLAS SPRUCE. Abundant on the foothills and mountains; some trees have green foliage, others glaucous blue, 6000-10000 ft. (Daniels, 142). ALBERTA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; TEXAS to MEXICO and CALIFORNIA. 18. ABIES Miller. BALSAM FIR. 24. A. lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. WESTERN BALSAM FIR. North slope of Green Mt; Bear Canon; Boulder Canon near Falls and above them; common on the main mountain range, 7000 (Bear Canon) -iiooo ft. (Daniels, 303). ALBERTA to ALASKA; NEW MEXICO to ARIZONA. Family 7. JUNIPERACEAE Horan. Juniper family. 19. JUNIPERUS L. JUNIPER. 25. J. Sibirica Burgsd. MOUNTAIN JUNIPER. Mesa at the foot of the Flat-irons, 5700-6000 ft. (Daniels, 182). Mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg). LABRADOR to ALASKA; MASSACHUSETTS and MICHIGAN to UTAH: EUROPE: ASIA. 20. SABINA Haller. SAVIN. 26. S. scopulorum (Sarg.) Rydb. [Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.]. ROCKY MOUNTAIN RED CEDAR. High mesas and mountain crags; some trees have green foliage, others glaucous blue, 5700-8500 (Daniels, 217). ALBERTA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; TEXAS to ARIZONA and OREGON. 203] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 55 Class II. ANGIOSPERMAE. Subclass 1. MONOCOTYLEDONES. Order 6. PANDANALES. Family 8. TYPHACEAE J. St. Hil. Cattail family. 21. TYPHA L. CATTAIL. 27. T. latifolia L. BROAD-LEAVED CATTAIL. Swales and bogs in the plains, common, 5100-5600 ft. (Daniels, 408). NORTH AMERICA, except the far north: EUROPE: ASIA. Family 9. SPARGANIACEAE Agard. Bur-reed family. 22. SPARGANIUM L. BUR-REED. 28. S. angustifolium Michx. [S, simplex angustifolium (Michx.) Engelm.]. NARROW-LEAVED BUR-REED. Floating in a pond at Glacier Lake, 9000 ft. (Daniels, 620). Also Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley and Robbins). NEWFOUNDLAND to OREGON; NEW YORK to CALIFORNIA. Order 7. NAIADAJLES. Family 10. ZANICHELLIACEAE Dumort. Zanichellia family. 23. POTAMOGETON L. PONDWEED. 29. P. lonchites Tuckerm. [P. fluitans Roth.] LONG-LEAVED PONDWEED. Owen's lake; Boulder lake, 5300 ft. (Daniels, 683). NEW BRUNSWICK to WASHINGTON; FLORIDA to CALIFORNIA. 29^. P. alpinus Balbis [P. rufescens Schrad.]. ALPINE POND- WEED. Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley and Robbins.). NOVA SCOTIA to ALASKA ; NEW JERSEY to CALIFORNIA. 56 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [204 30. P. heterophyllus Schreb. VARIOUS-LEAVED PONDWEED. Near Boulder, 5100-6000 ft. (Rydberg). NORTH AMERICA, except extreme north: EUROPE. 31. P. foliosus Raf. [P. pauciflorus Pursh]. LEAFY POND- WEED. Streams and ditches east of Boulder, 5100-5500 ft. (Dan. iels, 736). NEW BRUNSWICK to BRITISH COLUMBIA; FLORIDA to CAL- IFORNIA. 32. P. Spirillus Tuckerm. SPIRAL PONDWEED. Swales along railroad between Boulder and Marshall, 5400 ft. (Daniels, 486). Not included in Rydberg's Flora of Colorado. NOVA SCOTIA to MINNESOTA; VIRGINIA to COLORADO. 33. P. pectinatus L. FENNEL-LEAVED PONDWEED. Owen's lake; Boulder lake, 5300 ft. (Daniels, 681). NORTH AMERICA: EUROPE. 24:. ZANICHELLIA L. 34. Z. palustris L. MARSH ZANICHELLIA. Owen's lake; Boulder lake, 5300 ft. (Daniels, 682). Red- rock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley & Robbins). NORTH TEMPERATE ZONE. Order 8. ALISMALES. Family n. ALISMACEAE D C. Water-plantain family. 25. ALISMA L. WATER-PLANTAIN. 35. A. Plantago L. COMMON WATER-PLANTAIN. Bogs west of Marshall; swales, ditches, streams, and ponds east of Boulder, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 424). NORTHERN HEMISPHERE. 26. SAGITTABIA L. ARROWHEAD. 36. S. arifolia J. G. Smith. ARUM-LEAVED ARROWHEAD. With the preceding, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 441). QUEBEC to BRITISH COLUMBIA; MAINE and MICHIGAN to NEW MEXICO and CALIFORNIA. 205] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 5/ Order 9. POALES. Family 12. POACEAE R. Br. Meadowgrass family. 27. SCHIZACHYRIUM Nees. BUNCH-GRASS. 37. S. scoparium (Michx.) Nash [Andropogon scoparius Michx.]. BROOM-GRASS. Common in dry plains and mesas; occasional in the lower foothills, 5100-6300 ft. (Daniels, 478). NEW BRUNSWICK to SASKATCHEWAN; FLORIDA to TEXAS. 28. ANDROPOGON L. BEARD-GRASS. 38. A. furcatus Muhl. TURKEY-FOOT GRASS. Common on the plains, mesas and foothills, 5 100-8000 ft. (Daniels, 512). MAINE to SASKATCHEWAN; FLORIDA to TEXAS and COLO- RADO. 39. A. chrysocomus Nash. GOLDEN BEARD-GRASS. Common on the plains and mesas, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 486). NEBRASKA to COLORADO; KANSAS to TEXAS. 29. SORGHASTRUM Nash. INDIAN GRASS. 40. S. nutans (L.) Nash [Chrysopogon nutans (L.) Benth.]. NODDING INDIAN GRASS. Frequent on the plains and mesas, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 655)- ONTARIO to MANITOBA; FLORIDA to ARIZONA. 30. SYNTHERISMA Walt. CRAB GRASS. 41. S. sanguinale (L.) Dulac. [Pint cum sanguinale L.]. FINGER GRASS. Along roadsides, and in yards and fields, still uncommon, 5300-5700 ft. (Daniels). OLD WORLD, thence to the NEW. 31. PANICUM L. PANIC-GRASS. 42. P. capillare L. WITCH GRASS. Along roads and railroads, and in yards and fields, appear- ing as if introduced, 5100-6500 ft. (Daniels, 586). 58 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [2C)6 A form, undoubtedly native, with somewhat narrower leaves, slenderer stems, which are branched from the root, the sheaths less hairy and less prominently papillose, the spikelets acute and greenish, or the uppermost purplish, occurs in swales in the plains region, 5100-5500 ft. (Daniels, 985). An analogous, or perhaps identical form, gathered by P. A. Rydberg in the sand-hills of Nebraska, is referred by him (somewhat doubtfully) to P. capillare agreste Gatt. with the remark that the form is named var. occidental* in the National Herbarium with no published description (Rydberg U. S. Nat. Herb. Cont. 3, 186). Throughout SOUTHERN CANADA and the UNITED STATES. 43. P. virgatum L. TALL SWITCH GRASS. Frequent on the plains and mesas, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 397). MAINE to ASSINIBOIA; FLORIDA to ARIZONA. 43 y2. P. Tennesseense Ashe. TENNESSEE PANIC-GRASS. Collected by Jones at South Boulder (Hitchcock and Chase). MAINE to MINNESOTA and UTAH ; GEORGIA to ARIZONA. 44. P. Scribnerianum Nash [P. scoparium Auct., not Lam.]. SCRIBNER'S PANIC-GRASS. Common among rocks on the foot-hills, but occurring oc- casionally on the mesas and plains, 5400-7000 ft. (Daniels, 99). MAINE to BRITISH COLUMBIA; VIRGINIA to ARIZONA and OREGON. 32. ECHINOCHLOA Beauv. BARNYARD GRASS. 45. E. Crus-galli (L.) Beauv. [Panicum Crus-galli L.]. COCKSPUR GRASS. Common in waste places and along irrigation ditches, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 741). EUROPE, thence to NORTH AMERICA. 45a. E. Crus-galli mutica (Vasey) Rydb. With the type (Daniels, 997). Range of the type. 207] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 59 33. CHAETOCHLOA Scribn. FOXTAIL. 46. C. glauca (L.) Scribn. [Setaria glauca (L.) Beauv.]. YELLOW FOXTAIL. Along streets and waste places, 5100-5700 ft. (Daniels, 773). EUROPE, thence to NORTH AMERICA. 47. C. viridis (L.) Scribn. [S. viridis (L.) Beauv.]. GREEN FOXTAIL. With the preceding, but far more common, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 507). EUROPE, thence to NORTH AMERICA. 48. C. Italica (L.) Scribn. [S. Italica (L.) Kunth.]. ITALIAN MILLET. Escaped to roads and waste places, 5100-5700 ft. (Daniels)' The OLD WORLD, thence to the NEW. 34. CENCHETJS L. BUR-GRASS. 49. C. Carolinianus Walt. [C. tribuloides Auct, not L.]. SAND-BUR. Along railroads and on the sandy shores of streams, 5100- 6500 ft. (Daniels, 776). MAINE to MINNESOTA; FLORIDA to TEXAS and COLORADO. 35. HOMALOCENCHRTTS Mieg. CATCH-FLY GRASS. 50. H. oryzoides (L.) Poll. [Leersia oryzoides (L.) Sw.]. RICE CUT-GRASS. Swales, streams, and irrigation ditches, 5100-6000 ft. (Dan- iels, 786). NOVA SCOTIA to WASHINGTON; FLORIDA to CALIFORNIA: EUROPE: ASIA. 36. PHALARIS L. CANARY-GRASS. 51. P. amndinacea L. REED CANARY-GRASS. Swales and wet meadows near Boulder lake, 5300 ft. (Daniels, 732). Temperate NORTH AMERICA: EUROPE: ASIA. 6O UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [208 361/2. HIEROCHLOE Gmel. HOLY GRASS. 51^2. H. odorata (L.) R. and S. [Savastana odorata (L.) Scribn ; H. borealis R. and S.] SWEET HOLY GRASS. Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley & Robbins). LABRADOR to ALASKA; NEW JERSEY to ARIZONA; EUROPE: ASIA. 37. AEISTIDA L. TRIPLE-AWNED GRASS. 52. A. fasciculata Torr. BUSHY POVERTY-GRASS. In the plains, scarce, 5100-5700 ft. (Daniels, 777). KANSAS to CALIFORNIA; TEXAS to MEXICO. 53. A. longiseta Steud. LONG-AWNED POVERTY-GRASS. Abundant on the plains, mesas and foothills, 5100-8500 ft. (Daniels, 300). Also on the mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg). ILLINOIS to WASHINGTON; TEXAS to MEXICO. 38. STIPA L. PORCUPINE GRASS. 54. S. comata Trin. & Rupr. WESTERN PORCUPINE GRASS. Common on the plains and foothills, 5100-8500 ft. (Dan- iels, 197). ALBERTA to ALASKA; NEW MEXICO to CALIFORNIA. 55. S. viridula Trin. [S. parviflora Americana Schultes]. GREENISH PORCUPINE GRASS. Common on the plains, mesas, and foothills, 5100-8500 ft. (Daniels, 301). Also at Gato (Rydberg). SASKATCHEWAN to MONTANA; KANSAS to UTAH. 56. S. Nelsonii Scribn. NELSON'S PORCUPINE GRASS. On the mesas, foothills, and mountain sides, 5700-10000 ft. (Daniels, 365). ASSINIBOIA to IDAHO and COLORADO. 57. S. Scribneri Vasey. SCRIBNER'S PORCUPINE GRASS. On the plains, mesas, foothills and mountainsides, 5100- 9500 ft. (Daniels, 749). COLORADO to NEW MEXICO. 2OQ] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 6 1 58. S. Lettermannii Vasey. LETTERMANN'S PORCUPINE GRASS. Barren hilltops east of the Flat-irons, 5800 ft. (Daniels, 184). WYOMING to IDAHO; COLORADO to UTAH. 39. ORYZOPSIS Michx. MOUNTAIN RICE. 59. 0. micrantha (Trin. & Rupr.) Thurber. SMALL-FLOW- ERED MOUNTAIN RICE. Rocky soil on the mesas and foothills, 5700-8500 ft. (Dan- iels, 269). ASSINIBOIA to MONTANA; NEBRASKA to ARIZONA. 40. EBIOCOMA Nutt. 60. E. cuspidata Nutt. [Oryzopsis cuspidata (Nutt.) Benth.]. SILKY MOUNTAIN RICE. Barren mesa near entrance to Bear Canon, 5800-6000 ft. (Daniels, 765). SASKATCHEWAN to WASHINGTON; TEXAS and MEXICO to CALIFORNIA. 41. MTJHLENBERGIA Schreb. DROP-SEED GRASS. 61. M. racemosa (Michx.) B. S. P. [M. glomerata Trin.]. MARSH DROP-SEED GRASS. Canon on Green Mt. ; subalpine meadows at Eldora, 6000-10000 ft. (Daniels, 526). NEWFOUNDLAND to BRITISH COLUMBIA; NEW JERSEY to NEW MEXICO. 62. M. cuspidata (Torr.) Rydb. [Sporobolus cuspidatus (Torn) Woods]. PRAIRIE RUSH-GRASS. Dry ledges, Gregory Canon, 6000 ft. (Daniels, 371). MANITOBA to ALBERTA; MISSOURI to COLORADO. 63. M. Richardson! (Trin.) Rydb. [Vilfa Richardson^ Trin.; Sporobolus depauperatus Coulter in part]. RICH- ARDSON'S RUSH-GRASS. Subalpine meadows and open bogs, Eldora, 8600 ft. (Dan- iels, 840). ANTICOSTI to BRITISH COLUMBIA; NEW MEXICO to CALI- FORNIA. 62 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [2IO 64. M. simplex (Scribn.) Rydb. [Sporobolus simplex Scribn.]. SIMPLE RUSH-GRASS. In shallow water, aspen bogs about Glacier Lake, 9000 ft. (Daniels, 708). Also mountains between Sunshine and Ward, (Rydberg). NEBRASKA to WYOMING and NEW MEXICO. 65. M. filiformis (Thurber) Rydb. [Vilfa depauperata fili- formis Thurber]. FILIFORM RUSH-GRASS. Subalpine bogs, Eldora, 8600 ft. (Daniels, 366). WYOMING to OREGON; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA. 66. M. gracilis Trin. SLENDER DROP-SEED. Summits of crags on the foot-hills, thence to subalpine mountain-ridges, the most characteristic grass of such places^ 6000-10000 ft. (Daniels, 208). COLORADO to CALIFORNIA; TEXAS to MEXICO. 42. LYCTTRUS H. B. K. 67. L. phleoides H. B. K. FALSE TIMOTHY. Meadow Park, 6500 ft. (Rydberg). COLORADO and TEXAS to ARIZONA and MEXICO. 43. PHLETIM L. TIMOTHY. 68. P. pratense L. COMMON TIMOTHY. Throughout the area of cultivation, but has penetrat- ed distant canons, 5100-11000 ft. (Daniels, 504) > Temperate OLD WORLD, thence to all temperate lands. 69. P. alpinum L. MOUNTAIN TIMOTHY. Subalpine meadows from Glacier Lake to Eldora; above timber-line, Arapahoe Peak, 8500-12000 ft. (Daniels, 632). Circumboreal and alpine, EUROPE: ASIA: NORTH AMERICA. 44. ALOPECURUS L. FOXTAIL. 70. A. aristulatus Michx. [A. fulvus J. E. Smith ]. SWAMF FOXTAIL. Along irrigation ditches and at the margins of ponds and puddles, 5100-5600 ft. (Daniels, 246). MAINE to ALASKA; PENNSYLVANIA to CALIFORNIA. 2Il] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 63 71. A. occidentalis Scribn. [A. alpinus Coulter, not L.]. WESTERN FOXTAIL. Above timber-line, Arapahoe Peak, 11000-11500 ft. (Dan- iels, 942). ALBERTA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; COLORADO to UTAH. 45. SPOROBOLTIS R. Br. DROPSEED. 72. S. airoides Torr. HAIR-GRASS DROPSEED. Alkaline flats about Boulder lake, scarce, 5300 ft. (Dan- iels, 731). NEBRASKA and TEXAS to CALIFORNIA. 73. S. cryptandrus (Torr.) Gray. SAND DROPSEED. Common on the plains, mesas, and grassy slopes of the foothills, 5100-8000 ft. (Daniels, 513). MASSACHUSETTS to WASHINGTON; PENNSYLVANIA to ARIZONA and MEXICO. 74. S. heterolepis Gray. NORTHERN DROPSEED. Common along the railroad between Boulder and Mar- shall, 5400 ft. (Daniels, 518). QUEBEC to SASKATCHEWAN; PENNSYLVANIA to COLORADO. 75. S. asperifolius (Nees & Meyen) Thurber. ROUGH DROP- SEED. Common on the plains, 5100-5600 ft. (Daniels, 493). ASSINIBOIA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; MISSOURI and TEXAS to CALIFORNIA. 46. POLYPOGON Desf. BEARD-GRASS. 76. P. Monspeliensis (L.) Desf. DITCH FOXTAIL. Common along irrigation ditches east of Boulder, 5100- 5500 ft. (Daniels, 676). EUROPE and ASIA, thence to NORTH AMERICA. 47. CINNA L. WOOD REED-GRASS. 77. C. latifolia (Trev.) Griseb. [C. pendula Trin.]. SLENDER WOOD REED-GRASS. Deep canons in shade, frequent; in aspen bogs at Glacier lake and Eldora, 5700-8600 ft. (Daniels, 987). 64 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [212 NEWFOUNDLAND to BRITISH COLUMBIA; NORTH CAROLINA to UTAH: EUROPE. 48. AGROSTIS L. BENT-GRASS. 78. A. alba L. WHITE BENT-GRASS. RED-TOP. Common about ditches and swales throughout the culti- vated area, and already penetrating remote canons, where the smaller forms are quite possibly native. The larger cultivated form is A. alba vulgaris (With.) Thurber, 5100- 8600 ft. (Daniels, 689). Mostly naturalized from EUROPE, and now in all temper- ate lands; there are indigenous boreal and alpine forms in NORTH AMERICA. 79. A. asperifolia Trin. [A. exarata Coult. in part, not Trin.]. HARSH BENT-GRASS. Moist meadows throughout, 5100-10500 ft. (Daniels, 376) MANITOBA and NEW MEXICO to CALIFORNIA. 79^2. A. Rossae Vasey [A. variant Trin.]. Miss Ross's BENT- GRASS. Long's Peak (Holm). BRITISH COLUMBIA to COLORADO and CALIFORNIA. 80. A. hyemalis (Walt.) B. S. P. [A. scabra Willd.]. HAIR- GRASS. Common throughout in both dry and moist soil, 5100- iiooo ft. (Daniels, 374). Also on the mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg). NORTH AMERICA, except the extreme north. 80%. A. tenuiculmis Nash [A. tenuis Vasey]. THIN BENT- GRASS. Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley and Robbins). MONTANA to WASHINGTON; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA. 49. CALAMAGROSTIS Adans. REED-GRASS. 81. C. purpurascens R. Br. [Deyeuxia sylvatica Vasey, not DC.]. PURPLE BLUE- JOINT. Barren ridges in the foothills and mountains, common, 6000-12500 ft. (Daniels, 700). Long's Peak (Holm). GREENLAND to ALASKA; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA. 213] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 65 82. C. Canadensis (Michx.) Beauv. [Deyeuxia Canadensis (Michx.) Mtmro]. CANADA BLUE-JOINT. Along streams in the plains; also in deep canons and aspen bogs in the foothills and mountains, 5100-11000 ft. (Daniels, 649)- LABRADOR to BRITISH COLUMBIA; NORTH CAROLINA to CALIFORNIA. 50. DESCHAMPSIA Beauv. HAIR-GRASS. 83. D. caespitosa (L.) Beauv. TUFTED HAIR-GRASS. Wet margins of Glacier lake, often in water of some depth, 9000 ft. (Daniels, 617). Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ram- aley and Robbins). NEWFOUNDLAND to ALASKA; NEW JERSEY to CALIFORNIA. 51. TRISETTIM Pers. FALSE OAT. 84. T. spicatum (L.) Richter [T. subspicatum molle Gray]. NARROW FALSE OAT. Mountainsides at Ward, Bloomerville, Glacier Lake, and Eldora, 8600-13000 ft. (Daniels, 330). GREENLAND to ALASKA; NEW HAMPSHIRE to COLORADO and CALIFORNIA: EUROPE: ASIA. 85. T. majus (Vasey) Rydb. [T. subspicatum majus VaseyJ. LARGER FALSE OAT. Arapahoe Peak above timberline, 11000-12000 ft. (Daniels, MONTANA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; COLORADO to UTAH. 86. T. montanum Vasey. MOUNTAIN FALSE OAT. Deep canons and aspen bogs, local, 7000 (Bear Canon) -10000 ft. (Daniels, 631). WYOMING to NEW MEXICO. 52. AVENAL. OAT. 87. A. striata Michx. PURPLE OAT. Rare in deep canons and aspen bogs, usually with the preceding; Bear Canon; Eldora, 7000-11000 ft. (Daniels NEW BRUNSWICK to BRITISH COLUMBIA; PENNSYLVANIA to COLORADO. 66 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [214 88. A. fatna L. WILD OAT. Common along streets and waste places in the city of Boulder, 5300-5700 ft. (Daniels, 387). EUROPE: ASIA, thence to NORTH AMERICA. 89. A. sativa L. COMMON OAT. Adventitious along railroads, 5300-5400 ft. (Daniels, 479). OLD WORLD, thence universal in cultivation. 53. MERATHREPTA Raf. WILD OAT-GRASS. 90. M. Californica (Bolander) Piper [Danthonia Calfornica Bolander]. CALIFORNIA WILD OAT-GRASS. Arapahoe Pass, 12000 ft. (Rydberg). MONTANA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA. 91. M. intermedia (Vasey) Piper [Danthonia intermedia Vasey]. INTERMEDIATE WILD OAT-GRASS. Aspen bogs at Glacier Lake and Eldora, 8600-11500 ft. (Daniels, 621). ALBERTA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA. 92. M. spicata (L) Raf. [Danthonia spicata (L) Beauv.]. COMMON WILD OAT-GRASS. Common on dry slopes in the foothills, 6000-8000 ft. (Dan- iels, 370). Also mesas at foot of the Flat-irons. NEWFOUNDLAND to BRITISH COLUMBIA; NORTH CAROLINA to LOUISIANA and CALIFORNIA. 54. SPARTINA Schreb. CORD-GRASS. 93. S. cynosuroides (L.) Willd. TALL MARSH GRASS. FRESH- WATER CORD-GRASS. Swales and bogs in the plains, infrequent, 51005500 ft. (Daniels, 522). NOVA SCOTIA to MACKENZIE; NEW JERSEY to TEXAS and COLORADO. 55. SCHEDONNARDUS Steud. CRAB-GRASS. 94. S. paniculatus (Nutt.) Trelease [S. Texanus Steud.]. WILD CRAB-GRASS. Frequent on the plains and mesas, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 175). 215] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 6/ MANITOBA to ASSINIBOIA; ILLINOIS to TEXAS and NEW MEXICO. 56. BOUTELOTTA Lag. GRAMA-GRASS. MESQUIT-GRASS. 95. B. hirsuta Lag. HAIRY MESQUIT. Dry plains and mesas, less common than the next, 5100- 6000 ft. (Daniels, 956). Also at Meadow Park, 6500 ft. (Rydberg). ILLINOIS to SOUTH DAKOTA; TEXAS to ARIZONA. 96. B. oligostachya (Nutt.) Torr. COMMON GRAMA-GRASS, Or MESQUIT-GRASS. Common on the plains and mesas; occasional on the foot- hills, 5100-8000 ft. (Daniels, 220). One of the most charac- teristic grasses of the Great Plains. WISCONSIN to ASSINIBOIA; MISSISSIPPI to ARIZONA and MEXICO. 57. ATHEROPOGON Muhl. TALL MESQUIT. 97. A. curtipendulus (Michx.) Fourn [Bouteloua racemosa Lag.]. PRAIRIE GRAMA-GRASS. Frequent on the plains, mesas and foothills, 5100-7000 ft. (Daniels, 299). Meadow Park (Rydberg). ONTARIO and MICHIGAN to MANITOBA; NEW JERSEY to TEX- AS, ARIZONA, and MEXICO. 58. BITLBIUS Raf. BUFFALO GRASS. 98. B. dactyloides (Nutt.) Raf. [Buchloe dactyloides (Nutt.) Eng.]. COMMON BUFFALO GRASS. Abundant on the plains and mesas, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, MINNESOTA to NORTH DAKOTA ; ARKANSAS to NEW MEXICO and MEXICO. 59. PHRAGMITES Trin. REED. 99. P. Phragmites (L.) Karst. [P. communis Trin.]. COM- MON REED. About a spring at foot of Flagstaff Hill, only three or four plants, 6000 ft. (Daniels, 834). EUROPE: ASIA: temperate NORTH AMERICA. 68 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [2l6 60. MTJNROA Torr. FALSE BUFFALO GRASS. 100. M. squarrosa (Nutt.) Torr. MUNRO'S GRASS. Dry plains and mesas, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 359). Also at Lafayette (Rydberg). NORTH DAKOTA to ASSINIBOIA; TEXAS to ARIZONA. 61. KOELERIA PERS. 101. Koeleria cristata (L.) Pers. [K. nitida Nutt., as to some of the forms]. PRAIRIE-GRASS. Throughout below IOOOO ft., but especially common on the foothills, 5100-10000 ft. (Daniels, 133). ONTARIO to BRITISH COLUMBIA; PENNSYLVANIA to CALI- FORNIA. 62. ERAGROSTIS Beauv. STINK-GRASS. 102. E. major Host. SKUNK GRASS. Waste places and along railroads, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 588). Also at Longmont (Rydberg). EUROPE, thence to NORTH AMERICA. 103. E. pectinacea (Michx.) Steud. PURPLE STINK-GRASS. Meadow Park, 6500 ft. (Rydberg). MASSACHUSETTS to SOUTH DAKOTA : FLORIDA to TEXAS and COLORADO. 63. EATONIA Raf. EATON GRASS. 104. E. robusta (Vasey) Rydb. [E. obtusata robusta Vasey]. STOUT EATON GRASS. Along streams and springy canons, 5100-7000 ft. (Daniels, NEBRASKA to WASHINGTON; NEW MEXICO to ARIZONA. 105. E. obtusata (Michx.) Gray. BLUNT-SCALED EATON GRASS. About Boulder, 5100-6000 ft. (Rydberg). MASSACHUSETTS to MONTANA; FLORIDA to ARIZONA. 1 06. E. Pennsylvanica (DC.) Gray. PENNSYLVANIA EATON GRASS. Deep mountain canons, 5600-7000 ft. (Daniels, 718). 217] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 69 NEW BRUNSWICK to BRITISH COLUMBIA; GEORGIA to COLO- RADO. 64. MEUCA L. MELIC-GRASS. 107. M. bella Piper [M. bulbosa Geyer], BULBOUS MELIC- GRASS. North slopes of Flagstaff Hill along Boulder Canon, 6000-7000 ft. (Daniels, 144). Spikelets often monstrous. MONTANA to WASHINGTON; COLORADO and UTAH to OREGON. 65. DACTYLIS L. ORCHARD GRASS. 108. D. glomerata L. COMMON ORCHARD GRASS. Throughout the whole cultivated district and penetrating into shacly canons; 5100-9000 ft. (Daniels, 235). EUROPE, thence to NORTH AMERICA. 66. DISTICHLIS Raf. SALT-GRASS. 109. D. stricta (Torr.) Rydb. [D. maritima stricta (Torr.) Thurber]. MARSH SPIKE-GRASS. Alkali flats about Boulder lake, 5300 ft. (Daniels, 728). SASKATCHEWAN to WASHINGTON; MISSOURI to TEXAS and CALIFORNIA. 67. POA L. MEADOW-GRASS. no. P. annua L. Low SPEAR-GRASS. Roadsides and at the entrance to Gregory Canon, 5100- 6000 ft. (Daniels, 250). EUROPE and ASIA, thence to NORTH AMERICA. in. P. pratensis L. KENTUCKY BLUE-GRASS. Meadows throughout, 5100-11500 ft. (Daniels, 558). Prob- ably naturalized in the irrigated district. EUROPE: ASIA: NORTH AMERICA, but only the boreal and alpine forms native. 112. P. trivialis L. ROUGH MEADOW-GRASS. About ponds and ditches, 5400-5500 ft. (Daniels, 245). Not in Rydberg's Flora. EUROPE, thence naturalized in many places in the UNITED STATES. 7O UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [2 1 8 P. cenisia All. [P. flexuosa Wahl.]. FLEXUOUS MEADOW-GRASS. Long's Peak (Holm). GREENLAND to ALASKA ; COLORADO. 113. P. callichroa Rydb. FAIR-HUED MEADOW-GRASS. Mountain-sides at Eldora, 8600-11500 ft. (Daniels, 647). COLORADO. 114. P. reflexa V. & S. REFLEXED MEADOW-GRASS. In mountain meadows descending to the slopes of the foothills, 6400 (Flagstaff Hill) -13000 ft. (Daniels, 952). MONTANA to NEW MEXICO and OREGON. 115. P. leptocoma Trin. SMOOTH-GLUMED MEADOW-GRASS. In mountain meadows with the preceding, 6300 (Flagstaff Hill) -12500 ft. (Daniels, 225). MONTANA to ALASKA; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA. 116. P. alpicola Nash [P. laxa Thurber]. MOUNTAIN MEADOW-GRASS. Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11500-13000 ft. (Daniels, 941). Also on Long's Peak (Rydberg). COLORADO to UTAH; CALIFORNIA. 117. P. platyphylla Nash & Rydb. [P. occidentalis Vasey]. WESTERN MEADOW-GRASS. Along mountain streams, 5600 (Boulder Canon) -10500 ft. (Daniels, 150). COLORADO to NEW MEXICO. 118. P. compressa L. ENGLISH BLUE-GRASS. Common throughout the irrigated district, but not noticed in the mountains, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 242). EUROPE, thence to NORTH AMERICA. 119. P. triflora Gilib. [P. serotina Ehr.]. FOWL MEADOW- GRASS. Common in swales and wet meadows, 5100-8600 (Eldora) ft. (Daniels, 482). NEWFOUNDLAND to BRITISH COLUMBIA; NEW JERSEY to CALIFORNIA: EUROPE. 219] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 71 120. P. interior Rydb. INLAND MEADOW-GRASS. Along streams and in wet meadows, 5100-10000 ft. (Dan- iels, 28). MACKENZIE to WASHINGTON and NEW MEXICO. 121. P. crocata. Michx. [P. caesia strictior Gray]. WOOD MEADOW-GRASS. High mesas, dry slopes of the foothills, and mountain ridges, 6000-13000 ft. (Daniels, 154). Mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg). LABRADOR to ALASKA; MASSACHUSETTS to MINNESOTA and ARIZONA. 122. P. rupicola Nash [P. rupestris Vasey]. CRAG MEAD- OW-GRASS. Dry tundras above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11500- 13000 ft. (Daniels, 1010). MONTANA to OREGON; COLORADO to UTAH. 123. P. Pattersonii Vasey. PATTERSON'S MEADOW-GRASS. Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11000-13000 ft. (Dan- iels, 895). COLORADO to ARIZONA. 124. P. alpina L. ALPINE MEADOW-GRASS. Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11000-13000 ft. (Dan- iels, 935). Long's Peak (Holm). GREENLAND to ALASKA; QUEBEC to UTAH. 124 J^. P. Wheeleri Vasey. [P. cuspidata Vasey]. WHEEL- ER'S MEADOW-GRASS. Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley and Robbins). MONTANA to IDAHO ; COLORADO to OREGON. 125. P. Vaseyana Scribn. VASEY'S MEADOW-GRASS. Subalpine meadows at Eldora, 8600-10000 ft. (Daniels, 868). COLORADO. /2 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [22O 120. P. longiligula Scribn. & Will. LONG-LIGULATE MEAD- OW-GRASS. Boulder (E. Bethel), determined by P. L. Ricker of U. S. Dept. of Agric., and recorded (as host of a fungus) by Ar- thur in Journal of Mycology, Jan. 1908, p. 13. SOUTH DAKOTA to OREGON; NEW MEXICO to CALIFORNIA. 127. P. pseudopratensis Scribn. & Rydb. FALSE KENTUCKY BLUE-GRASS. About swales and streams in trie plains and mesas, 5100- 6000 ft. (Daniels, 953). SOUTH DAKOTA to NEBRASKA and COLORADO. 128. P. longipedunculata Scribn. LONG-PEDUNCULATE MEAD- OW-GRASS. Plains and mountain-canons, 5100-12500 ft. (Daniels, 503). WYOMING to NEW MEXICO. 129. P. juncifolia Scribn. RUSH-LEAVED MEADOW-GRASS. Common on the plains and mesas, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 905). WYOMING to COLORADO and UTAH. 130. P. confusa Rydb. BUNCH MEADOW-GRASS. Dry plains, mesas, and mountainsides, 5100-10000 ft. (Daniels, 924). NEBRASKA to MONTANA and COLORADO. 131. P. pratericola Rydb. & Nash [P. andina Nutt.]. PRAIRIE MEADOW-GRASS. Near Long's Peak (Porter & Coulter). NEBRASKA to WYOMING and COLORADO. 68. PANICTTLAKIA Fabr. MANNA-GRASS. 132. P. nervata (Willd.) Kuntze [Glyceria nervqta (Willd.) Trin.]. NERVED MANNA-GRASS. About streams and ditches, in swales and at the margins of lakes and ponds, 5 100-9000 ft. (Daniels, 264). LABRADOR to BRITISH COLUMBIA; FLORIDA to MEXICO and CALIFORNIA. 22 1 ] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 73 133. P.Americana (Torr.) Mac M. [Glyceria grandis Wats.]. REED MEADOW-GRASS. In swales and along streams, less common than the pre- ceding, 5100-8600 ft. (Daniels, 969). NEW BRUNSWICK to ALASKA; TENNESSEE to NEVADA. 134. P. Holmii Beal. HOLM'S MANNA-GRASS. Deep canons on north slope of Green Mountain, 7000- 8100 ft. (Daniels, 464). Lamb's Ranch, Long's Peak, 9100 ft. (Beal). COLORADO. 135. P. borealis Nash. NORTHERN FLOATING MANNA. In irrigation ditches about Boulder; also floating in Glacier lake, 5100-9000 ft. (Daniels, 739). MAINE to ALASKA; NEW YORK to CALIFORNIA. 69. PUCCINELLIA Parl. SALT MEADOW-GRASS. 136. P. airoides (Nutt.) Wats. & Coult. SLENDER SALT MEADOW-GRASS. Along water-courses in the mesas, and in alkaline soil on the plains, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 383). Also at Longmont (Rydberg). MANITOBA to MACKENZIE and BRITISH COLUMBIA; KANSAS to NEVADA. 70. FESTUCA L. FESCUE-GRASS. 137. F. octoflora Walt. [F. tenella Willd.]. SLENDER FESCUE- GRASS. Abundant on the plains and arid open mountain slopes, 5100-9000 ft. (Daniels, 181). QUEBEC to BRITISH COLUMBIA; FLORIDA to CALIFORNIA. 138. F. elatior L. [F. elatior pratensis (Huds.) Gray]. MEADOW FESCUE. Common throughout the irrigated area, especially along ditches, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 785). EUROPE, thence to temperate NORTH AMERICA. 74 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [222 139. F. rubra L. RED FESCUE. Subalpine meadows at Glacier Lake, 9000 ft. (Daniels, 699). LABRADOR to ALASKA; NORTH CAROLINA to CALIFORNIA: EUROPE: ASIA. 140. F. brachyphylla Schultes [F. ovina brevifolia S. Wat- son]. SHORT-LEAVED FESCUE. Bald ridges in the mountain region, 7000 (Green Mt.) -14500 ft. (Daniels, 364). GREENLAND to ALASKA; VERMONT to CALIFORNIA. 141. F. minutiflora Rydb. SMALL-FLOWERED FESCUE. Mountainsides at Eldora, and on Arapahoe Peak above timberline, 8600-12000 ft. (Daniels, 1001). COLORADO to CALIFORNIA. 141^2. F. ovina L. SHEEP FESCUE. Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley and Robbins). Long's Peak (Holm). NORTH AMERICA: EUROPE. 141 %a. F. ovina supina (Schur). Hack. PROSTRATE FESCUE. Long's Peak (Holm). GREENLAND and BRITISH COLUMBIA to NEW HAMPSHIRE, ARIZONA, and CALIFORNIA. 142. F. ingrata nudata (Vasey) Rydb. [F. ovina nudata Vasey]. NAKED-STEMMED FESCUE. BLUE BUNCH-GRASS. Common throughout the mountain region and the mesas, 5700-12000 ft. (Daniels, 174). The type doubtless occurs, but all the material preserved belongs to the variety. MONTANA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; COLORADO to UTAH. 143. F. Kingii (S. Watson) Scribn. [F. confinis Vasey]. KING'S FESCUE. Boulder Canon, 6500-10000 ft. (Rydberg); Boulder (E. Bethel). MONTANA to COLORADO and CALIFORNIA. 71. BROMUS L. BROME-GRASS. 144. B. marginatus latior Shear. LARGE MARGINATE BROME. Vicinity of Boulder, 5100-6000 ft. (Rydberg). ALBERTA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA. 223] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 75 145. B. brizaeformis F. & M. QUAKE-GRASS BROME. The commonest ruderal grass about Boulder, and fast spreading throughout the plains district, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 257). EUROPE and ASIA, thence to the UNITED STATES. 146. B. secalinus L. COMMON CHESS, or CHEAT. In fields and waste places, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 388). EUROPE and ASIA, thence to all temperate lands. 147. B. hordeacens L. [B. mollis L.]. SOFT CHESS. Along the railroad between Boulder and Marshall, 5400 ft. (Daniels, 524). EUROPE, thence to the UNITED STATES. 148. B. lanatipes (Shear) Rydb. [B. Porteri lanatipes Shear]. LANATE BROME. Common on the mesas, foothills, and mountain slopes, less frequent in the plains, 5100-9000 ft. (Daniels, 346). Also at Lafayette (Rydberg). COLORADO. 149. B. Richardsonii Link. RICHARDSON'S BROME. Common on the mesas, foothills, and mountains, 6000- iiooo ft. (Daniels, 454). SASKATCHEWAN to BRITISH COLUMBIA; COLORADO to ARIZO- NA and OREGON. 150. B. Pumpellianus Scribn. PUMPELLY'S BROME. Frequent throughout, 5100-10000 ft. (Daniels, 382). SASKATCHEWAN to ALASKA and NEW MEXICO. 151. B. tectorum L. THATCH CHEAT. Waste places about Boulder, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 496). Also at Longmont (Rydberg). EUROPE, thence to the UNITED STATES. 72. LOLIUM L. DARNEL. 152. L. Italicum A. Br. ITALIAN RYE GRASS. About irrigation ditches in the city of Boulder, 5300- 5600 ft. (Daniels, 839). Not in Rydberg's Flora. EUROPE, thence to the UNITED STATES. 76 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [224 73. AGROPYRON Gaertn. WHEAT GRASS. 153. A. Scribneri Vasey. SCRIBNER'S WHEAT GRASS. Long's Peak (Holm). MONTANA to COLORADO and ARIZONA. I53//2- A. spicatum inenne (Scribn. & Sm.) Heller [A. Vaseyi S. & S.]. VASEY' s WHEAT GRASS. Frequent on the mesas and foothills, 5700-7000 ft. (Daniels, 171). MONTANA to OREGON; COLORADO to UTAH. 154. A. Arizonicum S. & S. ARIZONA WHEAT GRASS. Mountains between Sunshine and Ward, 8000-11000 ft. (Rydberg). COLORADO to ARIZONA and MEXICO. 155. A. Richardsonii (Trin.) Schrad. [A. unilateral Cas- sidy]. RICHARDSON'S WHEAT GRASS. Mountain meadows, rather local, 7000 (Bear Canon) -10000 ft. (Daniels, 830). MINNESOTA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; IOWA to COLORADO. 156. A. andinum (S. & S.) Rydb. [A. violaceum andinum S. & S.]. MOUNTAIN WHEAT GRASS. Mountainsides at Eldora 8600-9000 ft. (Daniels, 640). MONTANA to COLORADO. 157. A. violaceum (Hornem.) Vasey. VIOLET WHEAT GRASS. Common on the foothills and mountains, 6300 (GreenMt.) —12000 ft. (Daniels, 362). GREENLAND to ALASKA; NEW HAMPSHIRE to UTAH. 158. A. tenerum Vasey. SLENDER WHEAT GRASS. Common on the plains, foothills, and lower mountain slopes, 5100-7500 ft. (Daniels, 395). LABRADOR to ALASKA; NEW HAMPSHIRE to COLORADO. 159. A. pseudorepens S. & S. FALSE QUACK GRASS. Common on the plains and in mountain meadows, 5100- 10000 ft. (Daniels, 511). IOWA to ALBERTA; NEW MEXICO to UTAH. 225] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 77 160. A. riparium S. & S. RIPARIAN WHEAT GRASS. About ditches in the plains, 5400-5700 ft. (Daniels, 398). MONTANA to COLORADO. 161. A. occidentale Scribn. WESTERN WHEAT GRASS. On the plains, where it is very abundant; also sparingly in mountain meadows, 5100-9500 ft. (Daniels, 402). Also at Longmont (Rydberg). MANITOBA to SASKATCHEWAN and OREGON; MISSOURI to ARIZONA. 162. A. molle (S. & S.) Rydb. SOFT WHEAT GRASS. On the plains, where it is especially characteristic of alkaline flats, and in the drier mountain valleys, 5100- 9000 ft. (Daniels, 978). SASKATCHEWAN to WASHINGTON and NEW MEXICO. 74. TKJTICUM L. WHEAT. 163. T. sativum vulgare (Vill.) Hack. [T. vulgar e Vill.]. WHEAT. Adventitious along the railroad between Boulder and Marshall, 5400 ft. (Daniels, 514). OLD WORLD, thence to the NEW. 75. HORDETJM L. BARLEY. 164. H. jubatum L. SQUIRREL-TAIL GRASS. Common on the plains and in mountain canons; a fre- quent weed in waste places, 5100-11000 ft. (Daniels, 380). ONTARIO to ALASKA; MISSOURI to CALIFORNIA, thence naturalized eastward. 165. H. pusillum Nutt. LITTLE BARLEY. Abundant on the plains and mesas, and following the roads into the mountain district, 5100-7000 ft. (Daniels, 203). ONTARIO to BRITISH COLUMBIA; FLORIDA to CALIFORNIA. 1 66. H. sativum hexastichon (L.) Hack. SIX-ROWED BARLEY. Adventitious along the railroad between Boulder and Mrshall, 5400 ft. (Daniels, 480). OLD WORLD, thence to the NEW. 78 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [226 76. SITANION Raf. BRISTLE GRASS. 167. S. longifolium J. G. Smith. LONG-LEAVED BRISTLE GRASS. Common on the foothills and mountain slopes, 6000-9000 ft. (Daniels, 363). NEBRASKA to NEVADA; TEXAS to ARIZONA. 168. S. brevifolium J. G. Smith. SHORT-LEAVED BRISTLE GRASS. Abundant on the plains, and frequent on open mountain slopes, 5100-10000 ft. (Daniels, 202). Also on the mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg). WYOMING to UTAH; COLORADO to ARIZONA. 77. ELYMTTS L. LYME GRASS. 169. E. Canadensis L. CANADIAN WILD RYE. Common along ditches and streams both in and out of shade, 5100-7000 ft. (Daniels, 357). NOVA SCOTIA to WASHINGTON; GEORGIA to NEW MEXICO. 170. E. robustus S. & S. STOUT WILD RYE. In swales along railroads and on stream-banks, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 489). SOUTH DAKOTA to IDAHO; MISSOURI to COLORADO. 171. E. brachystachys Scribn. & Ball. SLENDER WILD RYE. Plains south of Boulder, 5400-5700 ft. (Daniels, 396). MICHIGAN to SOUTH DAKOTA; TEXAS to UTAH and MEXICO. 172. E. Macounii Vasey. MACOUN'S WILD RYE. On the plains and in meadows on the foot-hills, 5100-7000 ft. (Daniels, 417). MANITOBA and SASKATCHEWAN to ALBERTA; NEW MEXICO to UTAH. 173. E. condensatus Presl. SMOOTH LYME GRASS. Dry meadows throughout, 5100-10000 ft. (Daniels, 961). ALBERTA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; NEW MEXICO to CALI- FORNIA. 227] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 79 174. E. ambiguus Vasey & Scribn. AMBIGUOUS LYME GRASS. Common on the foothills and mountainsides, 5900-9000 ft. (Daniels, 158). COLORADO. 175. E. strigosus Rydb. STRIGOSE LYME GRASS. Common on the foothills and mountain ridges, 6000-8600 ft. (Daniels, 962). Boulder is the type locality. WYOMING to COLORADO. 176. E. villiflorus Rydb. VILLOUS LYME GRASS. Common on the foothills; occasional on the plains and mesas, 5100-8000 ft. (Daniels, 963). Boulder is the type locality. SOUTH DAKOTA and the CANADIAN ROCKIES to COLORADO. Family 13. CYPERACEAE J. St. Hil. GaHngale family. 78. CYPERUS L. GALINGALE. 177. C. inflexus Muhl. [C. aristatus Boeckl.]. AWNED CY- PER GRASS. Scarce on the plains and foothills in moist sands, 5100- 6500 ft. (Daniels, 253). VERMONT to BRITISH COLUMBIA; FLORIDA to CALIFORNIA and MEXICO. 178. C. BusMi Britt. BUSH'S CYPER GRASS. In sandy soil at Meadow Park, 6500 ft. (Rydberg). WISCONSIN to OREGON; KANSAS to COLORADO. 79. SCIKPTTS L. BULRUSH. 179. S. Americanus Pers. [S. pungens Vahl.]. THREE SQUARE. In swales, along ditches and streams, and at the margins of ponds and lakes, but apparently not following the streams very far into the foothills, 5100-6500 ft. (Daniels, 668). NORTH AMERICA: CHILI: EUROPE. 8O UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [228 1 80. S. lacustris L. GREAT BULRUSH. With the preceding but often in water of greater depth, and penetrating farther back into the mountains, 5100-8600 ft. (Daniels, 414). Throughout the NORTH TEMPERATE ZONE. 181. S. atrovirens pallidus Britton. PALE BULRUSH. Swales, ditches and streams in the plains and mesas, and ascending but slightly into the foot-hills, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 490). MINNESOTA to the NORTHWEST TERRITORY and COLORADO- 80. ELEOCHARIS R. Br. SPIKE RUSH. 182. E. palustris (L.) R. & S. SWAMP SPIKE RUSH. Common in swamps, swales, and stagnant pools through- out, 5100-10000 ft. (Daniels, 492). NORTH AMERICA: EUROPE: ASIA. 183. E. glaucescens (Willd.) Schultes [£. palustris glauces- cens (Willd.) Gray]. PALE SWAMP SPIKE RUSH. Common with the above, but in shallower water, 5100-9000 (Glacier Lake, Eldora) ft. (Daniels, 733). ONTARIO and the UNITED STATES. 184. E. acicnlaris (L.) R. & S. NEEDLE RUSH. Common in limose places throughout, 5100-10000 ft. (Daniels, 254). EUROPE: ASIA: NORTH AMERICA: CENTRAL AMERICA. 184^. E. tennis (Willd.) Schult. SLENDER SPIKE RUSH. Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley and Robbins). NEWFOUNDLAND to MANITOBA ; FLORIDA to COLORADO. 185. E. acnminata (Muhl.) Nees. FLAT-STEMMED SPIKE RUSH. Ditches and swales in the plains, 5100-5600 ft. (Daniels, 734). ANTICOSTI to ALBERTA; GEORGIA to LOUISIANA and COLORADO. 229] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 8 1 81. CAREX L. SEDGE. 186. C. canescens L. SILVERY SEDGE. Subalpine bogs at Eldora, 8500-11500 ft. (Daniels, 852). Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley and Robbins). NEWFOUNDLAND to BRITISH COLUMBIA; VIRGINIA to COLO- RADO and OREGON: EUROPE and ASIA. 187. C. tenella Schkuhr. SOFT-LEAVED SEDGE. Local in deep mountain canons in shade, 6000-11500 ft. (Daniels, 610). NEWFOUNDLAND to BRITISH COLUMBIA; NEW JERSEY to CALIFORNIA: EUROPE. 1 88. C. Deweyana Schwein. DEWEY'S SEDGE. Only detected in Bear Canon, where it is very rare, 6000- 7000 ft. (Daniels, 762). NOVA SCOTIA to MANITOBA and OREGON; PENNSYLVANIA to NEW MEXICO and UTAH. 189. Carex stipata Muhl. AWL-FRUITED SEDGE. Irrigation ditches, 5100-5600 ft. (Daniels, 237). Not in Rydberg's Flora. NEWFOUNDLAND to BRITISH COLUMBIA; FLORIDA to CALI- FORNIA. 190. C. vulpinoidea Michx. Fox SEDGE. Irrigation ditches, 5100-5600 ft. (Daniels, 745). NEW BRUNSWICK to MANITOBA; FLORIDA to TEXAS and COLORADO. 191. C. occidentalis Bailey [C. muricata Americana Bailey]. WESTERN SEDGE. Low meadows at Eldora, 8600-11000 ft. (Daniels, 611). COLORADO to NEW MEXICO and ARIZONA. 192. C. Hoodii Boott [C. muricata confixa Bailey]. HOOD'S SEDGE. Grassy meadows, Bluebell canon, thence to the subalpine zone, 5800-10000 ft. (Daniels, 497). MONTANA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA. 82 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [230 193. C. marcida Boott. CLUSTERED FIELD SEDGE. Abundant in dry meadows, 5100-8600 ft. (Daniels, 95). MANITOBA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; KANSAS to NEW MEXICO and NEVADA. 194. C. Sartwellii Dewey. SARTWELL'S SEDGE. Swales along railroads in the plains, 5100-6000 ft. (Dan- iels, 971). ONTARIO to BRITISH COLUMBIA; NEW YORK to UTAH. 195. C. Douglasii Boott. DOUGLAS' SEDGE. Common in dry soil throughout, 5100-11000 ft. (Daniels, 317). Also near Long's Peak (Rydberg; Coulter in Wabash College Herb.). MANITOBA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; NEBRASKA to NEW MEX- ICO and CALIFORNIA. 196. C. scoparia Schkuhr. BROOM SEDGE. Wet meadows about ditches and streams, 5100-7000 ft. (Daniels, 266). NOVA SCOTIA to MANITOBA; FLORIDA to COLORADO. 197. C. athrostachya Olney. BRACTED SEDGE. Shores of a pond south of Boulder, thence to timberline, 5500-11000 ft. (Daniels, 258). ASSINIBOIA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA. 198. C. festiva Dewey. PRETTY SEDGE. Abundant throughout the foothills and mountains in canons and humid meadows, 6000-13000 ft. (Daniels, 103). . ASSINIBOIA and BRITISH COLUMBIA to MEXICO. 199. C. ebenea Rydb. [C. f estiva Haydeniana Bailey]. EBONY SEDGE. In frozen ground, alpine valley near snow, above Bloom- erville, 9000-10000 ft. (Daniels, 324). Also on Long's Peak (Rydberg). ALBERTA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; COLORADO to UTAH. 200. C. petasata- Dewey. WESTERN'S HARE'S-FOOT SEDGE. Deep canons, north slope of Green Mt, 7000 ft. (Daniels, 469). ALBERTA to ALASKA; COLORADO to OREGON. 231] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 83 20 1. C. pratensis Drej. MEADOW SEDGE. Gregory Canon, 6000-6500 ft. (Daniels, 688). Also on Long's Peak (Rydberg). ONTARIO to ALASKA; MICHIGAN to COLORADO. 202. C. siccata Dewey. DRY-SPIKED SEDGE. Common in dry meadows throughout, 5100-10000 ft. (Daniels, 972). Also near Long's Peak (Rydberg). ONTARIO to BRITISH COLUMBIA; NEW YORK to CALIFORNIA. 203. C. straminea Willd. STRAW SEDGE. Common along watercourses and grassy meadows in the plains, mesas, and foothills, 5100-6500 ft. (Daniels, 372). NEW BRUNSWICK to MANITOBA; NORTH CAROLINA to OKLA- HOMA and COLORADO. 204. C. straminiformis Bailey. FALSE STRAW SEDGE. Dry torrents, high mesas at the foot of the Flat-irons, 5700-6000 ft. (Daniels, 381). COLORADO to WASHINGTON and CALIFORNIA. 205. C. festucacea Schkuhr. FESCUE SEDGE. Meadows and swales, frequent in the plains and mesas, and in meadows on the lower foothills, 5100-6400 (Flagstaff Hill) ft. (Daniels, 185). NEW BRUNSWICK to MINNESOTA; FLORIDA to COLORADO. 206. C. stenophylla Wahl. NARROW-LEAVED SEDGE. Dry mesas between Marshall and South Boulder Peak, 5700-6000 ft. (Daniels, 438). MANITOBA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; IOWA to COLORADO. 207. C. incurva Lightf. CURVED SEDGE. Arapahoe Peak above timberline, 1 1 ooo- 1 2000 f t. (Daniels, 916). GREENLAND to ALASKA; COLORADO to BRITISH COLUMBIA. 208. C. alpina Stevenii Holm. STEVEN'S ALPINE SEDGE. Lamb's ranch, near Long's Peak, 9100 ft. (Rydberg). COLORADO. 84 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [232 209. C. atrata L. BLACK SEDGE. Long's Peak, 11500-13000 ft. (Rydberg). LABRADOR to ALASKA; QUEBEC to COLORADO and CALI- FORNIA. 210. C. chalciolepis Holm. BRONZE-SCALED SEDGE. Long's Peak, 8500-13000 ft. (Rydberg). COLORADO. 211. C. bella Bailey. BEAUTIFUL SEDGE. Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11000-12000 ft. (Dan- iels, 940). COLORADO to UTAH and ARIZONA. 212. C. rhomboidea Holm. RHOMBIC SEDGE. In swamps near Long's Peak, 8500-9500 ft. (Rydberg). COLORADO. 213. C. Goodenovii J. Gay [C. vulgaris Fries]. COMMON SEDGE. Subalpine bogs, Eldora, 8600-10000 ft. (Daniels, 851). NEWFOUNDLAND to ALASKA; PENNSYLVANIA to COLORADO: EUROPE. 214. C. rigida Good. [C. vulgaris alpina Booth]. STIFF SEDGE. Arapahoe Peak above timberline, 11000-12000 ft. (Dan- iels, 907). ALASKA to COLORADO. j 215. C. chimaphila Holm. WINTER-LOVING SEDGE. Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11000-12000 ft. (Dan- iels, 923). Also on Long's Peak (Rydberg). COLORADO. 216. C. acutina Bailey. ACUTISH SEDGE. Boulder Canon (5400-7000 ft. (Daniels, 556). Also Lamb's ranch, near Long's Peak, 9100 ft. (Rydberg). MACKENZIE to ALASKA; COLORADO to OREGON. 217. C. stricta Lam. ERECT SEDGE. Swales along railroad between Boulder and Marshall, 5400 ft. (Daniels, 418). Not in Rydberg's Flora. 233] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 8$ EASTERN UNITED STATES and CANADA to COLORADO and TEXAS. 217^. C. variabilis Bailey. VARIABLE SEDGE. Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley and Robbins). MONTANA to COLORADO. 218. C. aurea Nutt. GOLDEN SEDGE. About springs in deep canons, 6700-11000 ft. (Daniels, 354). NEWFOUNDLAND to BRITISH COLUMBIA; PENNSYLVANIA to UTAH and WASHINGTON. 219. C. Geyeri Boott. GEYER'S SEDGE. At edge of snow in alpine valley above Bloomerville, 9000-10000 ft. (Daniels, 311). MONTANA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; COLORADO to OREGON. 220. C. nigricans C. A. Mey. BLACKISH SEDGE. Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11000-13000 ft. (Dan- iels, 926). Also Thompson's Canon, Long's Peak (Rydberg). ALBERTA to ALASKA; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA: ASIA. 221. C. Pyrenaica Wahl. PYRENAIC SEDGE. Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11000-14000 ft. (Dan- iels, 925). Also on Long's Peak (Rydberg). ALBERTA to ALASKA; COLORADO to OREGON: EUROPE. 222. C. rupestris All. CRAG SEDGE. Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11000-13000 ft. (Dan- iels, 930). Also on Long's Peak (Rydberg). GREENLAND to ALASKA and COLORADO: EUROPE: ASIA. 223. C. obtusata Lilj. OBTUSISH SEDGE. Above timberline on Arapahoe Peak, 11000-12000 ft. (Daniels, 931). Also on Long's Peak (Rydberg). NEWFOUNDLAND to BRITISH COLUMBIA and COLORADO. 224. C. oreocharis Holm. MOUNTAIN-GRACE SEDGE. Lamb's ranch, near Long's Peak, 9100 ft. (Rydberg). COLORADO. 86 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [234 225. C. Pennsylvanica vespertina Bailey [C. vespertina (Bai- ley) Howell]. WESTERN PENNSYLVANIA SEDGE. Common on the plains and foothills, 5100-8500 ft. (Dan- iels, 11). COLORADO to OREGON and BRITISH COLUMBIA. 226. C. umbellata brachyrhina Piper [C. umbellata breviros- tris Boott]. SHORT-BEAKED UMBELLATE SEDGE. Dry rocky mesa fronting Flagstaff Hill, 5700-6000 ft. (Daniels, 125). MAINE to BRITISH COLUMBIA; NEW MEXICO to CALIFORNIA. 227. C. Beckii Boott [C. durifolia Bailey]. BECK'S SEDGE. Canon at base of Flagstaff Hill, 5700-6000 ft. (Daniels, 463). ONTARIO to MANITOBA; NEW YORK to COLORADO. 228. C. capillaris L. HAIR SEDGE. Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11000-12000 ft. (Dan- iels, 915). Also Thompson's Canon on Long's Peak (Ryd- berg). GREENLAND to ALASKA; NEW HAMPSHIRE to UTAH: EUROPE: ASIA. 229. C. ntriculata Boott. BOTTLE SEDGE. Swales and limose banks of streams, local (Boulder creek half way to Falls; subalpine bogs at Eldora, etc.), 5100-10000 ft. (Daniels, 563). LABRADOR to BRITISH COLUMBIA; DELAWARE to CALIFORNIA. 229^. C. saxatilis L. [C. pulla Gooden.]. ROCK SEDGE. Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley & Robbins). GREENLAND and ALASKA to COLORADO. 230. C. lanuginosa Michx. WOOLLY SEDGE. Subalpine bogs at Eldora, 8600 ft. (Daniels, 652). NOVA SCOTIA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; NEW JERSEY to CALIFORNIA. 235] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 87 Order 10. ARALES. Family 14. ARACEAE Neck. Arum family. 82. ACORUS L. CALAMUS. 231. A. Calamus L. SWEET FLAG. Swales along railroad in the city of Boulder, 5300-5400 ft. (Daniels). NOVA SCOTIA to MINNESOTA; FLORIDA to TEXAS and COLORADO: EUROPE: ASIA. Family 15. LEMNACEAE Dumort. Duckweed family. 83. LEMNA L. DUCKWEED. 232. L. gibba L. GIBBOUS DUCKWEED. Ponds near Boulder, 5100-6000 ft. (Rydberg). NEBRASKA to CALIFORNIA; TEXAS to MEXICO: OLD WORLD and AUSTRALIA. 233. L. minor L. LESSER DUCKWEED. Springy swales in the city of Boulder, 5400 ft. (Daniels 748). Cosmopolitan. Order n. XYRIDALES. Family 16. COMMELINACEAE Reichenb. Dayflower family. 84. TEADESCANTIA L. SPIDERWORT. 234. T. Universitatis Cockerell [T. occidentals Rydb., not Britton]. UNIVERSITY SPIDERWORT. Common on the plains, mesas, and foothills, and follow- ing the deeper canons several miles into the mountain re- gion, 5100-7000 ft. (Daniels, 44). The vicinity about Bould- er is the type locality. Both T. scopulorum Rose and T. oc- cidentalis Britton, according to Rydberg's Flora, occur about Boulder, but the former is a New Mexico plant, while the latter is from Wisconsin. COLORADO. 88 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [236 Family 17. PONTEDERIACEAE Dumort. Pickerel-weed family. 85. HETERANTHERA Willd. MUD PLANTAIN. 235. H. limosa (Sw.) Willd. LIMOSE MUD PLANTAIN. Between Longmont and Loveland, 5100-5500 ft. (Ryd- berg), in shallow water or mud. VIRGINIA to NEBRASKA and COLORADO; FLORIDA to MEXI- CO, the WEST INDIES, and CENTRAL AMERICA. Order 12. LILIALES. Family 18. MELANTHACEAE R.Br. Bunch-flower family. 86. ANTICLEA Kunth. ZYGADENUS. 235^/2. A. elegans (Pursh) Rydb. [Zygadenus elegans Pursh]. SHOWY ZYGADENUS. Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley). SASKATCHEWAN to ALASKA; COLORADO to NEVADA. 236. A. Coloradensis Rydb. COLORADO ZYGADENUS. In canons and subalpine meadows, locally abundant, 7000 (Bear Canon) -12000 ft. (Daniels, 651). COLORADO and NEW MEXICO to UTAH. 87. TOXICOSCORDION Rydb. POISON CAMASS. 237. T. gramineum Rydb. DEATH CAMASS. Mesas and foothills; blossoming in June, 5800-7000 ft. (Daniels, 106). SASKATCHEWAN to IDAHO and COLORADO. 238. T. falcatum Rydb. FALCATE POISON CAMASS. Spruce forests along Bear Canon, 6000-7500 ft. (Daniels 759). COLORADO. Family 19. JUNCACEAE Vent. Rush family. 88. JUNCUS L. RUSH. 239. J. Balticus montanus Engelm. MOUNTAIN BALTIC RUSH. Along ditches and in swales and wet meadows, 5100-11000 ft. (Daniels, 379). LABRADOR to WASHINGTON, COLORADO, and UTAH. 237] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 89 240. J. Drummondii Mey. DRUMMOND'S RUSH. Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11000-13000 ft. (Dan- iels, 922). MONTANA to ALASKA; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA. 241. J. interior Wiegand. INLAND RUSH. Common in swales and meadows on the plains, mesas, and foothills, and following the main streams some distance into the mountains, 5100-6500 ft. (Daniels, 152). ILLINOIS to WYOMING; MISSOURI to COLORADO. ' 242. J. Arizonicus Wiegand. ARIZONA RUSH. Dry beds of torrents, mesas at foot of the Flat-irons 5700-6000 ft. (Daniels, 964). TEXAS to COLORADO and ARIZONA. 243. J. confusus Coville. CONFUSED RUSH. Swales along the railroad between Boulder and Marshall, 5400 ft. (Daniels, 421). MONTANA to WASHINGTON and COLORADO. 244. J. Dudleyi Wiegand. DUDLEY'S RUSH. Swales, meadows, and mountain canons, 5100-8600 ft. (Daniels, 965). Replaces /. interior Wiegand in the moun- tain region. MAINE to WASHINGTON; NEW YORK to MEXICO. 245. J. bufonius L. TOAD RUSH. Wet sandy soil throughout except at the higher eleva- tions, 5100-9000 ft. (Daniels, 251). Cosmopolitan. 246. J. marginatus Rostk. GRASS-LEAVED RUSH. Irrigation ditches along the Arapahoe Road, 5300 ft. (Daniels, 740). Not in Rydberg's Flora. MAINE to ONTARIO; FLORIDA to COLORADO. 247. J. longistylis Torr. LONG-STYLED RUSH. Common in swales, about ditches and ponds, and in wet meadows throughout, 5100-10000 ft. (Daniels, 249). ALBERTA to IDAHO; NEBRASKA to MEXICO and CALIFORNIA. 9O UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [238 248. J. triglumis L. THREE-FLOWERED RUSH. Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11000-12000 ft. (Dan- iels, 1007). LABRADOR to ALASKA; NEW YORK to COLORADO. 249. J. castaneus Smith. CHESTNUT RUSH. Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11000-12500 ft. (Dan- iels, 639). GREENLAND to ALASKA and COLORADO. 250. J. nodosus L. KNOTTED RUSH. In swales and along ditches and streams, 5100-6500 ft. (Daniels, 735). NOVA SCOTIA to MACKENZIE and BRITISH COLUMBIA: VIR- GINIA to NEVADA. 251. J. Torreyi Coville. TORREY'S RUSH. With the preceding, but more abundant, 5100-6500 ft. (Daniels, 495). NEW YORK to MONTANA; TEXAS to ARIZONA. 251^. J. Mertensianus Bong. MERTENS' RUSH. Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley and Robbins). MONTANA to ALASKA; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA. 252. J. parous Rydb. REDDISH BROWN RUSH. Dry beds of torrents, mesas fronting the Flat-irons, 5700- 6000 ft. (Daniels, 373). COLORADO to NEW MEXICO. 253. J. Saximontanus A. Nelson [/. xiphioides montanm Engelm.]. ROCKY MOUNTAIN RUSH. Aspen bogs at Glacier Lake and Eldora; also a dwarf form on Arapahoe Peak above timberline, 8500-12000 ft. (Dan- iels, 703). 89. JTINCOIDES Adans. WOOD RUSH. 254. J. parviflorum melanocarpum (Michx,) Cocker ell. Nov. comb. \Luzula, melanocarpus Michx.]. SMALL-FLOWERED WOOD RUSH. Canons on the north slope of Green Mt., 7000-8100 ft. 239] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 91 (Daniels, 332). A similar form was gathered above Bloom- erville, 9000-10000 ft. Also at Caribou (Rydberg). GREENLAND to ALASKA; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA: EUROPE: ASIA. 254a. J. parviflorum subcongestum (S. Wats.) Daniels. Nov. comb. [Luzula spadicea subcongesta S. Wats.]. DENSE- CYMED WOOD RUSH. Alpine valley near edge of snow, Bloomerville, 8500- 11500 ft. (Daniels, 328). COLORADO to CALIFORNIA. 255- J» spicatiim (L.) Kuntze [Luzula spicata (L.) Desv.]. SPIKED WOOD RUSH. Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11000-13000 ft. (Dan- iels, 896). GREENLAND to BRITISH COLUMBIA; NEW HAMPSHIRE to CALIFORNIA. Family 20. ALLIACEAE Batch. Onion family. 90. ALLTUM L. ONION. 256. A. recurvatum Rydb. [A. cernuum obtusum Cocker- ell]. RECURVED WILD ONION. Common throughout the mesas, foothills and the moun- tain plateau, 5700-8600 ft. (Daniels, 452). Also in the mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg). SOUTH DAKOTA to BRITISH COLUMBIA and NEW MEXICO. 257. A. Nuttallii S. Wats. NUTTALL'S WILD ONION. Aspen bog at Glacier Lake, 9000 ft. (Daniels, 336). Also southwest of Ward (Rydberg). SOUTH DAKOTA to WYOMING; KANSAS to COLORADO. 258. A. Geyeri S. Wats. [A. dictyotum Greene; A. reticula- tum deserticola Jones]. GEYER'S WILD ONION. Common throughout in both dry and moist soils, 5100- 11500 ft. (Daniels, 54). NORTH DAKOTA to WASHINGTON and NEW MEXICO. 92 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [240 259. A. reticulatum Fraser. FRASER'S WILD ONION. Springy canons in the foothills and the mountain plateau, 6000-8500 ft. (Daniels, 292). SASKATCHEWAN to IDAHO; SOUTH DAKOTA to ARIZONA. 260. A. Pikeanum Rydb. PIKE'S PEAK WILD ONION. Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11000-13000 ft. (Dan- iels, 1002). COLORADO. Family 21. LILIACEAE Adans. Lily family. 91. LEUCOCRINTIM Nutt. SAND LILY. 261. L. montanum Nutt. MOUNTAIN SAND LILY. Along the railroad between Boulder and Marshall, 5400 ft. (Daniels). Very abundant at Boulder (Cockerell). SOUTH DAKOTA to MONTANA and COLORADO. 92. LILIIIM L. LILY. 262. L. Philadelphicum montanum (A. Nelson) Cocker- ell. Nov. comb. MOUNTAIN LILY. Springy canon on north slope of Green Mt, 6500-8000 ft. (Daniels, 355). Occasionally bearing two or more flowers. MONTANA to COLORADO. 93. ERYTHRONITTM L. ADDER' S-TONGUE. DOG-TOOTH VIOLET. 263. E. parviflorum (S. Wats.) Goodding [E. grandiflorum parviflorum S. Wats.]. SMALL-FLOWERED ADDER'S TONGUE. Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11000-11500 ft. (Dan- iels, 888). WYOMING to COLORADO and UTAH. 94. LLOYDIA Salisb. 264. L. serotina (L.) Sweet. LATE LLOYDIA. Arapahoe Peak, 10000-14000 ft. (Rydberg). MONTANA to ALASKA and COLORADO. 241] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 93 Family 22. CONVALLARIACEAE Link. Lily-of-the-valley family. 95. VAGNERA Adans. FALSE SOLOMON'S SEAL. 265. V. racemosa (L.) Morong [Smilacina racemosa (L.) Desf.]. WILD SPIKENARD. Boulder Canon, 6500-8500 ft. (Rydberg). NOVA SCOTIA to WASHINGTON; GEORGIA to CALIFORNIA. 266. V. amplexicaulis (Nutt.) Greene [Smilacina amplex- icaulis Nutt.] CLASPING-LEAVED FALSE SOLOMON'S SEAL. Common in shady canons throughout; at the edge of the wasting snows in a high alpine valley above Bloomerville July 7, 1906, 5700-10000 ft. (Daniels, 143). MONTANA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA. 267. V. stellata (L.) Morong [Smilacina stellata (L.) Desf.] STARRY FALSE SOLOMON'S SEAL. Common throughout; along ditches and streams in the plains, and in canons and wooded valleys in the mesas and mountains, 5100-12000 ft. (Daniels, in). St. Vrain creek (Coulter in Wabash College Herb.). NEWFOUNDLAND to SASKATCHEWAN and MONTANA; VIRGINIA to COLORADO. 96. STREPTOPUS Michx. TWISTED STALK. 268. S. amplexifolius (L.) DC. CLASPING-LEAVED TWISTED STALK. Local in deep canons in the foothills and mountains, 6500-10000 ft. (Daniels, 456). GREENLAND to ALASKA; NORTH CAROLINA to COLORADO and OREGON. 97. DISPORUM Salisb. 269. D. majus (Hook.) Britton [D. trachycarpum (S. Wats.) B. & H.; Prosartes trachycarpa S. Wats.]. ROUGH - FRUITED DISPORUM. Local in company with the preceeding, 6500 (Green Mt.; Bear Canon) -iiooo ft. (Daniels, 455). Also at Eldora (Rydberg). MANITOBA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; NEBRASKA to ARIZONA. 94 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [242 98. ASPARAGUS L. 270. A. officinalis L. COMMON ASPARAGUS. A common escape throughout the cultivated district, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 114). EUROPE, thence to NORTH AMERICA. Family 23. DRACAENACEAE Link. Dragon-tree family. 99. YUCCA L. SPANISH BAYONET. 271. Y. glauca Nutt. [Y. angustifolia Pursh]. NARROW- LEAVED SPANISH BAYONET. Common in the plains, mesas, and foothills; just north of the entrance to Bear Canon it forms the main facies of the vegetation, 5100-6500 (Green Mt.) ft. (Even higher I think on the first line of hills). (Daniels, 39). NEBRASKA to MONTANA; MISSOURI to TEXAS and ARIZONA. Family 24. CALOCHORTACEAE Rydb. Mariposa lily family. 100. CALOCHORTUS Pursh. MARIPOSA LILY. 272. C. Gunnisonii S. Wats. GUNNISON'S MARIPOSA LILY. Common in the mesas and mountain meadows, 5600- 10000 ft. (Daniels, 53). At Ward occurs the forma imma- culatus Cockerell (Cockerell). MONTANA to COLORADO and ARIZONA. Family 25. SMILACEAE Vent. Greenbrier family. 101. NEMEXIA Raf. CARRION FLOWER. 273. N. lasioneuron (Hook.) Rydb. [Smilax lasioneuron Hook.; N. herbacea melica A. Nelson]. WESTERN CAR- RION FLOWER. Canons in the mesas and foothills; especially frequent in gulches on the east slope of Flagstaff Hill, 5700-7000 ft. (Daniels, 224). The type locality of N. herbacea melica A, Nelson. SASKATCHEWAN to NEBRASKA and COLORADO. 243] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 95 Order 13. AMARYLLIDALES. Family 26. IXIACEAE Ecklon. Ixia family. 102. SISYBJNCHITTM L. BLUE-EYED GRASS. 274. S. alpestre Bickn. ALPINE BLUE-EYED GRASS. Mountain meadows at Eldora, 8600 ft. (Daniels, 648). COLORADO. 275. S. angustifolium Miller. NARROW-LEAVED BLUE-EYED GRASS. Common in meadows and about streams throughout ex- cept at the higher elevations, 5100-9000 ft. (Daniels, 72). Also at North Boulder Peak (Rydberg). NEWFOUNDLAND to MACKENZIE and BRITISH COLUMBIA; VIRGINIA to COLORADO. 103. IRIS L. FLEUR-DE-LIS. 276. I. Missouriensis Nutt. MISSOURI BLUE FLAG. In swales and wet meadows about Boulder, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels). Common at 8000-9000 ft. at Eldora, Hesse, Mil- ler's Ranch (Ramaley). Near Long's Peak (Coulter in Wa- bash College Herb.) NORTH DAKOTA to IDAHO; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA. Order 14. ORCHIDALES. Family 27. ORCHIDACEAE Lindl. Orchis family. 104. HMNORCHIS Rydb. BOG ORCHIS. 277. L. stricta (Lindl.) Rydb. NARROW-SPIKED BOG ORCHIS. Subalpine bogs and springy mountainsides at Eldora, 8600-10000 ft. (Daniels, 993). MONTANA to ALASKA; COLORADO to WASHINGTON. 278. L. viridiflora (Cham.) Rydb. GREEN-FLOWERED BOG OR- CHIS, Common in deep canons and about springs throughout the mesas, foothills, and mountains, 5800-10000 ft. (Daniels, 69). ALBERTA to ALASKA and COLORADO. g6 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [244 279. I. borealis (Cham.) Rydb. NORTHERN BOG ORCHIS. Springs on mountainside at Eldora, 8600-10000 ft. (Dan- iels, 842). MONTANA to ALASKA; COLORADO to WASHINGTON. 280. L. laxiflora Rydb. LOOSE-FLOWERED BOG ORCHIS. Common in deep mountain canons, 6500-10000 ft. (Dan- iels, 602). OREGON to COLORADO and UTAH. 105. PEPEEIA Rydb. PIPER'S ORCHIS. 281. P. ITnalaschensis (Spreng.) Rydb. [Habenaria Una- laschensis S. Wats.] ALASKAN PIPER'S ORCHIS. Under pines on north slope of Green Mt., very rare, 6000- 8100 ft. (Daniels, 470). Also on South Boulder Peak, 8500 ft. (Rydberg). MONTANA to ALASKA; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA. 106. IBIDIUM Salisb. LADIES' TRESSES. 282. I. B-omanzoffiamim strictum (Rydb.) Daniels. Nov. comb. \Gyrostachys stricta Rydb.] NARROW - SPIKED LADIES' TRESSES. One plant in a deep canon on the north slope of Green Mt.; common in springy bogs at Eldora, 7000-10000 ft. (Daniels, 769). NEWFOUNDLAND to ALASKA; PENNSYLVANIA to COLORADO. 107. OPHRYS (Tourn.) L. TWAYBLADE. 283. 0. borealis (Morong) Rydb. [Listera borealis Morong]. NORTHERN TWAYBLADE. Deep canons on north slope of Green Mt., very rare, 6500- 8100 ft (Daniels, 607). HUDSON BAY to MACKENZIE; COLORADO to MONTANA. 283^2. 0. nephrophylla Rydb. [Listera nephrophylla Rydb.] KIDNEY-LEAVED TWAYBLADE. Redrock lake 10100 ft. (Ramaley and Robbins). ALASKA to COLORADO and OREGON. 245] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 97 108. PERAMITTM Salisb. RATTLESNAKE PLANTAIN. 284. P. ophioides (Fernald) Rydb. SNAKE-MOUTH RATTLE- SNAKE PLANTAIN. Densely wooded canons on north slope of Green Mt, very rare, 7000-8100 ft. (Daniels, 827). PRINCE EDWARD'S ISLAND to SOUTH DAKOTA; NORTH CAR- OLINA to COLORADO. 109. ACROANTHES Raf. ADDER'S MOUTH. 285. A. monophylla (L.) Greene [Microstylis monophylla (L.) Lindl.]. ONE-LEAVED ADDER'S MOUTH. Deep canons on north slope of Green Mt., very scarce, 6500-8100 ft. (Daniels, 342). QUEBEC to MINNESOTA; PENNSYLVANIA to COLORADO. 110. CYTHEREA Salisb. CALYPSO. 286. C. bulbosa (L.) House. [Calypso borealis Salisb.]. NORTHERN CALYPSO. Nederland, Boulder County, 8263 ft. (Miss Zora Phillips). LABRADOR to ALASKA; MAINE to CALIFORNIA: EUROPE. 111. CORALLORHIZA R. Br. CORALROOT. 286^. C. ochroleuea Rydb. YELLOW CORALROOT. Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley and Robbins). NEBRASKA to COLORADO. 287. C. Corallorhiza (L.) Karst. [C. innata R. Br.]. EARLY CORALROOT. Canon in mesa at foot of Flagstaff Hill, only two plants, 5700-5800 ft. (Daniels, 122). Also at Caribou, 10000 ft. (Rydberg). NOVA SCOTIA to ALASKA; GEORGIA to COLORADO and WASHINGTON. 288. C. multiflora Nutt. LARGE CORALROOT. A solitary cluster of plants under conifers at the Royal Arch at base of the Flat-irons, 6200 ft. (Daniels, 229). Also on North Boulder Peak (Rydberg). NOVA SCOTIA to ALASKA; FLORIDA to CALIFORNIA. 98 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [246 Sub-class 2. DICOTYLEDONES. Series i. CHORIPETALAE. Order 15. SALICALES. Family 28. SALIC ACE AE Li n d 1 . Willow family. 112. POPTJLUS L. POPLAR. ASPEN. COTTONWOOD. 289. P. tremuloides aurea (Tidestrom) Daniels, Nov. comb.* AMERICAN ASPEN. Throughout the foothills and mountain region except at the higher elevations, 5800-10000 ft. (Daniels, 314). NEWFOUNDLAND to HUDSON BAY and ALASKA; NEW JERSEY and TENNESSEE to MEXICO and LOWER CALIFORNIA. 290. P. Sargentii Dode. [P. occidentals (Rydb.) Britton; P. deltoides occidentalis Rydb.]. WESTERN COTTONWOOD. Common along streams, ascending Boulder creek as far as Eldora, 5100-8600 ft. (Daniels, 820). Also at Lyons (Rydberg). " SASKATCHEWAN to MONTANA; KANSAS to ARIZONA. 291. P. acuminata Rydb. BLACK COTTONWOOD. A solitary tree near a stream about half way between Boulder and Marshall, 5400 ft. (Daniels, 819). Common in all gulches; there are large trees in Sunshine Canon, 6500 ft. (Ramaley). SOUTH DAKOTA to IDAHO; NEW MEXICO to NEVADA. 292. P. angustifoHa James. NARROW-LEAVED COTTONWOOD. Along streams and in canons on the mesas and in the foothills and mountains, 5400-9000 ft. (Daniels, 52). NORTH DAKOTA to WASHINGTON; NEW MEXICO to CALI- FORNIA. 293. P. balsamifera L. BALSAM POPLAR. Fourth of July mine; Eldora; Allenspark, 8000-10000 ft. (Ramaley). LABRADOR to ALASKA; NEW ENGLAND to COLORADO. *See Appendix A. 247] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 99 113. SALIX L. WILLOW. 294. S. amygdaloides Anders. PEACH WILLOW. Common along streams; the only willow, except the next, of tree size about Boulder, 5100-7000 ft. (Daniels, 90). QUEBEC to WASHINGTON; NEW YORK to MISSOURI and ARIZONA. 295. S. caudata (Nutt.) Piper [S. Fendleriana Anders. ; S. pentandra caudata Nutt.; 5. lasiandra Fendleriana Bebb]. FENDLER'S WILLOW. Along streams in mountain canons, 5500 (Boulder creek)- 10000 ft. (Daniels, 807). ALBERTA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; NEW MEXICO to CALI- FORNIA. 296. S. exigua Nutt. NARROWLEAF WILLOW. Marshall; Valmont; Boulder; South Boulder Canon; near junction of Fourmile and Boulder creeks, 5000-9000 ft. (Ramaley). MACKENZIE to WASHINGTON; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA. 297. S. luteosericea Rydb. SILKY SANDBAR WILLOW. Sandy stream flats in the plains and mesas, 5100-7000 ft. (Daniels, 134). NEBRASKA to IDAHO and COLORADO. 297//2- S. lutea Nutt. YELLOW WILLOW. Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley and Robbins). CANADA to COLORADO and CALIFORNIA. 298. S. Wolfii Bebb. WOLF'S WILLOW. Eldora to Baltimore, 8000-10000 ft. (Rydberg). WYOMING to COLORADO. 299. S. irrorata Anders. BLOOM-BRANCHED WILLOW. Gregory Canon (E. Bethel). « COLORADO to NEW MEXICO. 300. S. perrostrata Rydb. LONG-BEAKED WILLOW. Common in mountain canons, 5500-8600 ft. (Daniels, 811). HUDSON BAY to ALASKA and COLORADO. IOO UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [248 301. S. Bebbiana Sarg. [S. rostrata Richardson]. BEBB'S WILLOW. Canons and mountain valleys, frequent, 5700-10000 ft. (Daniels, 824). St.Vrain Canon (Coulter in Wabash College Herb.). ANTICOSTI to ALASKA ; NEW JERSEY to CALIFORNIA. 302. S. Scouleriana Barratt [S. Nuttallii Sarg. ; S. flavescens Nutt.]. NUTTALL'S WILLOW. High alpine valley next to snow, above Bloomerville, Boulder Canon, 5700-10000 ft. (Daniels, 321). Also from Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg). ASSINIBOIA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; NEW MEXICO to CALI- FORNIA. 303. S. brachycarpa Nutt. DWARF WILLOW. Silver lake, 7000-11000 ft. (Ramaley). QUEBEC to ALBERTA and COLORADO. 304. S. pseudolapponicum Seem. FALSE LAPLAND WILLOW. Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11000-13000 ft. (Dan- iels, 883). Also between Eldora and Baltimore (Rydberg). COLORADO. 305. S. glaucops Anderson. GLAUCOUS WILLOW. Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11000-13000 ft. (Dan- iels, 937). Also mountains south of Ward, and between Sunshine and Ward, (Rydberg). ALBERTA to YUKON; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA. 306. S. chlorophylla Anders. GREEN-LEAF WILLOW. Near Fourth of July mine, (Ramaley). LABRADOR and NEW HAMPSHIRE to ALASKA and COLORADO. 307. S. petrophila Rydb. [S. arctica petraea Anderson]. ROCK-LOVING WILLOW. Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11000-14000 ft. (Dan- iels, 951). NEW HAMPSHIRE to BRITISH COLUMBIA; COLORADO to UTAH. 249] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO IOI 308. S. Saximontana Rydb. ROCKY MOUNTAIN WILLOW. Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11000-14000 ft. (Dan- iels, 901). WYOMING and COLORADO to WASHINGTON and CALIFORNIA. Order 16. FAGALES. Family 29. BETULACEAE Agardh. Birch family. 114. BETTILA L. BIRCH. 309. B. papyrifera Andrewsii (A. Nels.) Daniels [B. Andrewsii A. Nels.] ANDREWS'S CANOE BIRCH. A few patches in valleys on the north slope of Green Mountain (Daniels, 1018). The type locality. COLORADO, as above. 310. B. fontinalis Sarg. [B. occidentalis S. Wats.]. FOUN- TAIN BIRCH. WESTERN RED BIRCH. Everywhere along streams except at high altitudes, where the next takes its place, 5100-9000 ft. (Daniels, 149). Also Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg). Near Long's Peak (Coulter in Wabash College Herb.). ALBERTA to YUKON; SOUTH DAKOTA to NEW MEXICO and OREGON. 311. B. glandulosa Michx. GLANDULAR BIRCH. SCRUB BIRCH. In bogs, Eldora to Baltimore, 9000-11000 ft. (Rydberg): Ward (Cockerell). GREENLAND to ALASKA; MAINE to COLORADO and OREGON: ASIA. 115. ALNTJS Gaertn. ALDER. 312. A. tenuifolia Nutt. [A. ineana mrescens S. Wats.]. THIN-LEAVED ALDER. Along streams throughout, 5400 (Boulder creek) -10000 ft. (Daniels, 571). Also mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg). MONTANA to ALASKA; NEW MEXICO to CALIFORNIA. IO2 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [250 Family 30. CORYLACEAE Mirbel. Hazel family. 116. CORYLUS L. HAZEL. 313. C. rostrata Ait. BEAKED HAZEL NUT. Abundant in canons in the mesas, foothills, and the moun- tain plateau, 5600-8000 ft. (Daniels, 116). NOVA SCOTIA to NORTH DAKOTA; GEORGIA to COLORADO. Order 17. URTICALES. Family 31. URTICACEAE Reichenb. Nettle family. 117. TTRTICA L. NETTLE. 314. U. gracilis Ait. SLENDER NETTLE. Common in stream-flats both in and out of shade, 5100- 9000 ft. (Daniels, 583). Also mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg). NOVA SCOTIA to ALASKA; NORTH CAROLINA to NEW MEXICO 118. PARIETARIA L. PELLITORY. 315. P. Pennsylvanica Muhl. PENNSYLVANIA PELLITORY. Moist places under rocks and in canons and on shady banks of streams, 5100-7000 ft. (Daniels, 498). ONTARIO to BRITISH COLUMBIA; FLORIDA to MEXICO. 316. P. obtusa Rydb. OBTUSE-LEAVED PELLITORY. Sunset Canon, 6000 ft. (Rydberg). COLORADO to UTAH; TEXAS to CALIFORNIA. Family 32. CANNABINACEAE Lindl. Hemp family. 119. HITMTJLUS L. HOP. 317. H. Lupulus Neo-Mexicanus A. Nels. & Cockerell. NEW MEXICO HOP. Rocky banks of canons and along streams and in waste places as along fences, 5100-8000 ft. (Daniels, 573). WYOMING to UTAH; NEW MEXICO to ARIZONA. 2$T\ FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO IO3 Family 33- ULMACEAE Mirbel. Elm family. 120. TTLMUS L. ELM. 318. TI. Americana L. AMERICAN ELM. A tree of considerable size occurs in a wild place near the entrance to Boulder Canon, doubtless self-sown from trees planted for shade, 5500 ft. (Daniels). NEWFOUNDLAND to MANITOBA; FLORIDA to TEXAS. 121. CELTIS L. HACKBERRY. 319. C. reticulata Torr. VEINY-LEAVED HACKBERRY. Rocky ridges on the mesas and foothills, scarce, 5700- 6500 ft. (Daniels, 796). TEXAS to COLORADO and ARIZONA. Order 18. SANTALALES. Family 34. LORANTHACEAE D. Don. Mistletoe family. 122. KAZOUMOFSKYA Hoffm. SMALL MISTLETOE. 320. R. Americana (Nutt.) Kuntze [Arceuthobium Ameri- canum Nutt.]. AMERICAN SMALL MISTLETOE. On Pinus contorta Murray ana (Oreg. Com.) Engelm. at Sunset, 7700 ft. (Rydberg). BRITISH COLUMBIA to COLORADO and OREGON. 321. R. cryptopoda (Engelm.) Coville [Arceuthobium cryp- topodum Engelm; A. robustum Engelm]. HIDDEN-FOOTED SMALL MISTLETOE. On Pinus scopulorum (Engelm.) Lemmon upon high ridge well toward eastern summit of Green Mt, 7500-8000 ft. (Daniels, 770). Also between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg). TEXAS and COLORADO to ARIZONA and MEXICO. Family 35. SANTALACEAE R. Br. Sandalwood family. 123. COMANDRA Nutt. BASTARD TOAD-FLAX. 322. C. pallida A. DC. PALE BASTARD TOAD-FLAX. Frequent on the plains, mesas, and foothills, 5100-8000 ft. (Daniels, 49). St. Vrain Canon (Coulter in Wabash Col- lege Herb.). MANITOBA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; TEXAS to CALIFORNIA. IO4 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [252 Order 19. POLYGONALES. Family 36. POLYGONACEAE Lindl. Knotweed family. 124. ERIOGONHM Michx. WOOL-JOINT. 323. E. alatum Torr. WINGED WOOL-JOINT. Common on the plains, mesas, foothills, and open moun- tainsides, 5100-10000 ft. (Daniels, 170). NEBRASKA to WYOMING; TEXAS to ARIZONA. 324. E. vegetius (T. & G.) A. Nels. [E. flavum vegetius T. & G. ; E. Jamesii flavescens S. Wats. ; E. Bakeri Greene] . BAKER'S WOOL-JOINT. Mountains between Sunshine and Ward, and at Meadow Park, 9000-10000 ft. (Rydberg). WYOMING to UTAH; NEW MEXICO to ARIZONA. 325. E. flavum Nutt. [E. crassifolium Dougl.]. YELLOW WOOL-JOINT. Common in open places throughout, 5100-12000 ft. (Dan- iels, 368). SASKATCHEWAN to ALBERTA; NEBRASKA to COLORADO. 326. E. umbellatmn Torr. UMBELLATE WOOL-JOINT. Very abundant in open places throughout, 5100-12000 ft. (Daniels, 55). WYOMING to IDAHO; COLORADO to UTAH. 327. E. subalpinum Greene. SUBALPINE WOOL-JOINT. Along the Arapahoe Trail from Eldora to Arapahoe Peak and ascending to the timberline, but not above it, 8600- uooo ft. (Daniels, 950). ALBERTA to BRITISH COLUMBIA ; COLORADO to NEVADA. 328. E. effusum Nutt. EFFUSE WOOL- JOINT. Plains and mesas between Marshall and South Boulder Peaks, and along the railroad between Boulder and Marshall, 5400-6000 ft. (Daniels, 439). NEBRASKA to MONTANA and COLORADO. 253] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO IO5 125. RTTMEX L. DOCK. 329. R. Acetosella L. SHEEP SORREL. Along railroads and roadsides, and in fields and waste places, in 1906 still somewhat scarce, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 589). Very common now (1910), along railways up to 9000 ft. and higher (Ramaley). EUROPE: ASIA, thence to NORTH AMERICA. 330. R. occidentalis S. Wats. WESTERN DOCK. In Bear Canon, 6000-7000 ft. (Daniels, 710). LABRADOR to ALASKA; TEXAS to CALIFORNIA. 331. R. densiflorus Osterh. [R. Bakeri Greene]. DENSE- FLOWERED DOCK. Subalpine bogs at Eldora, 8600-10000 ft. (Daniels, 908). WYOMING to COLORADO. 332. R. crispus L. CURLY DOCK. Fields and waste places and becoming common in ditches and swales, 5100-5700 ft. (Daniels, 491). EUROPE and ASIA, thence to NORTH AMERICA. 333. R. salicifolius Weinm. WILLOW-LEAVED DOCK. Common in ditches, shallow streams, and in swales and low meadows, 5100-10000 ft. (Daniels, 234). LABRADOR to ALASKA; TEXAS to LOWER CALIFORNIA: EU- ROPE. 334. R. obtusifolius L. BITTER DOCK. Waste places and fields, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels). EUROPE and ASIA, thence to NORTH AMERICA. 126. OXYRIA Hill. 335. 0. digyna (L.) Hill. MOUNTAIN SORREL. Creek-banks at Eldora; above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 8600-12000 ft. (Daniels, 844). GREENLAND to ALASKA; NEW HAMPSHIRE to ARIZONA and CALIFORNIA: EUROPE: ASIA. IO6 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [254 127. POLYGONTIM L. KNOTWEED. 336. P. erectum L. ERECT KNOTWEED. Along the railroad in Boulder Canon, 5500 ft. (Daniels, 580). MAINE to ALBERTA ; GEORGIA to ARKANSAS and COLORADO. 337. P. buxiforme Small. BOX-LIKE KNOTWEED. Bear Canon, and all waste places, 5100-10000 ft. (Daniels, 698). ONTARIO to WASHINGTON ; VIRGINIA to TEXAS and NEVADA. 338. P. aviculare L. DOORWEED. Common about houses, along railroads, and in all waste places, 5100-8000 ft. (Daniels, 582). ASIA: EUROPE: NORTH AMERICA. 339. P. ramosissimum Michx. BUSHY KNOTWEED. Common along railroads and roads, and in low weedy grounds, 5100-10000 ft. (Daniels, 519). MINNESOTA to WASHINGTON ; ILLINOIS to NEW MEXICO and NEVADA; MAINE to NEW JERSEY along the coast. 340. P. Sawatchense Small. SAGUACHE KNOTWEED. High mesas at foot of the Flat-irons, 5700-6000 ft. (Dan- iels, 178). SOUTH DAKOTA to WASHINGTON ; COLORADO to ARIZONA and CALIFORNIA. 341. P. confertiflorum Nuttall [P. Watsonii Small]. WAT- SON'S KNOTWEED. About the quarries at foot of the Flat-irons, 5700-6000 ft. (Daniels, 660). MONTANA to WASHINGTON ; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA. 342. P. unifolium. Small. ONE-LEAVED KNOTWEED. Aspen bogs at Glacier Lake, 9000 ft (Daniels, 672). MONTANA to COLORADO. 343. P. Engelmannii Greene [P. tenue micros permum Engelm.]. ENGELMANN'S KNOTWEED. Sandy stream-flats, especially common along the railroad in Boulder Canon, 5100-10000 ft. (Daniels, 568). MONTANA and COLORADO to BRITISH COLUMBIA. 255] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO IO7 344. P. Douglasii Greene. DOUGLAS'S KNOTWEED. Common in open, especially sandy places throughout, 5100*- loooo ft. (Daniels, 958). VERMONT to BRITISH COLUMBIA ; NEW YORK to NEW MEX- ICO and CALIFORNIA. 344a. P. Douglasii consimile (Greene) Small [P. consimile Greene]. BRANCHED DOUGLAS'S KNOTWEED. Gregory Canon, 6000-6300 ft. (Daniels, 546). Lower Boul- der Canon (Rydberg). Range of the type? 128. PERSICARIA Adans. SMARTWEED. LADY'S THUMB. 345. P. emersa (Michx.) Cockerell. Nov. comb. [Polygonum Muhlenbergii S. Wats; Polygonum emersum (Michx.) Britton]. MUHLENBERG'S LADY'S THUMB. Along ditches and in swales in the plains, 5100-6000 ft. (Dan- iels). MAINE to BRITISH COLUMBIA ; VIRGINIA to CALIFORNIA and 346. P. lapathifolia (L.) S. F. Gray [Polygonum lapathifo- lium L.]. DOCK-LEAVED LADY'S THUMB. Swales and ditches in the plains, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 506). EUROPE: ASIA: NORTH AMERICA. 347. P. Persicaria (L.) Small. [Polygonum Persicaria L.]. COMMON LADY'S THUMB. Common in waste places, and along ditches and in swales, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 517). EUROPE, thence to NORTH AMERICA. 348. P. punctata (Ell.) Small [Polygonum punctatum Ell.; Polygonum acre H. B. K.]. WATER SMARTWEED. DOTTED WATER PEPPER. Margins of ponds, in swales and springy grounds, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 798). NORTH AMERICA: CENTRAL AMERICA: SOUTH AMERICA. 108 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [256 129. BISTORTA Tourn. BISTORT. 349. B. bistortoides (Pursh) Small [Polygonum Bistorta ob- longifolium Meisn.]. OBLONG-LEAVED BISTORT. Along Arapahoe Trail and above timberline on Arapahoe Peak, 8600-13000 ft. (Daniels, 890). MONTANA to WASHINGTON ; NEW MEXICO to CALIFORNIA. 350. B. vivipara (L.) S. F. Gray [Polygonum viviparum L.]. ALPINE BISTORT. Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11000-12000 ft. (Daniels, 894). Also Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg). Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley & Robbins). GREENLAND to ALASKA ; NEW HAMPSHIRE to COLORADO : EU- ROPE: ASIA. 130. TINIARIA Reichenb. FALSE BUCKWHEAT. 351. T. Convolvulus (L.) Webb. & Moq. [Polygonum Con- volvulus L.]. BLACK BINDWEED. COMMON FALSE BUCK- WHEAT. Along railroads and roads; throughout the cultivated area as a weed in fields, 5100-9000 ft. (Daniels, 484). EUROPE and ASIA, thence to NORTH AMERICA. Order 20. CHENOPODIALES. Family 37. CHENOPODIACEAE Dumort. Goosefoot family. 131. CHENOPODITTM L. GOOSEFOOT. LAMB'S QUAR- TERS. PIGWEED. 352. C. leptophyllum Nutt. NARROW-LEAVED GOOSEFOOT. Common in the plains, mesas, and gullies of the foothills and mountains, 5100-8000 ft. (Daniels, 604). NEBRASKA to MONTANA; MISSOURI to ARIZONA. 353. C. oblongifolium (S. Wats.) Rydb. [C. leptophyllum ob- longifolium S. Wats.]. OBLONG-LEAVED GOOSEFOOT. Common in dry places on the plains and mesas, 5100-7000 ft. (Daniels, 994). NORTH DAKOTA to WYOMING ; MISSOURI and TEXAS to ARI- ZONA. 257] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO IO9 354. C. incanum (S. Wats.) Heller [C. Fremontii incanum S. Wats.]. HOARY GOOSEFOOT. Frequent on the plains and in waste places, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 411). NEBRASKA to COLORADO; NEW MEXICO to NEVADA. 355. C. Fremontii S. Wats. FREMONT'S GOOSEFOOT. Bear Canon in shade, 6000-7000 ft. (Daniels, 829). SOUTH DAKOTA to MONTANA ; NEW MEXICO to ARIZONA and MEXICO. 356. C. album L. WHITE GOOSEFOOT. COMMON PIGWEED. Common in fields, yards, and waste places, 5100-8600 ft. (Daniels, 806). EUROPE and ASIA, thence a cosmopolitan weed. 357. C. hybridum L. MAPLE-LEAVED GOOSEFOOT. Common in shady canons, and as a weed in gardens and waste places, 5100-8600 ft. (Daniels, 601). Temperate NORTH AMERICA: EUROPE. 358. C. rubrum L. [Blitum rubrum (L.) Reichenb.]. RED GOOSEFOOT. Along Boulder Canon near Falls, 6500-8000 ft. (Daniels, 549). NEWFOUNDLAND to BRITISH COLUMBIA ; NEW JERSEY to COL- ORADO : EUROPE : ASIA. 359. C. Botrys L. FEATHER GERANIUM. JERUSALEM OAK. Common in waste places and along railroads in coal ashes. 5100-8000 ft. (Daniels, 598). EUROPE and ASIA, thence to NORTH AMERICA. 132. BLITUM L. ELITE. 360. B. capitatum L. STRAWBERRY ELITE. Frequent in canons and along mountain roads, 6000-10000 ft. (Daniels, 545). Also mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg). NOVA SCOTIA to ALASKA ; NEW JERSEY to CALIFORNIA : EU- ROPE. HO UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [258 133. CYCLOLOMA Moq. 361. C. atriplicifolium (Sprang.) Coult. [C. platyphyllum Moq.] WINGED PIGWEED. Along the railroad between Boulder and Marshall ; also along the railroad in Sunset Canon, 5400-7700 ft. (Daniels, 485). Marshall (W. W. Robbins). ONTARIO to MONTANA; ARKANSAS to ARIZONA. 134. MONOLEPIS Schrad. 362. M. Nuttalliana (R. & S.) Greene [M. chenopodioides Moq.]. NUTT ALL'S MONOLEPIS. Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, the only ruderal observed there, 11000-15000 ft. (Daniels, 918). MINNESOTA to WASHINGTON ; TEXAS to CALIFORNIA. 135. ATRIPLEX L. ORACHE. 363. A. carnosa A. Nels. FLESHY ORACHE. Alkaline flats at Boulder lake, 5300 ft. (Daniels, 729). NEBRASKA to MONTANA; KANSAS to COLORADO. 364. A. argentea Nutt. SILVERY ORACHE. Alkaline flats at Boulder lake, 5300 ft. (Daniels, 730). ' NORTH DAKOTA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; KANSAS to COLO- RADO. 365. A. oecidentalis Torr & Fremont. WESTERN ORACHE. Dry mesas at Boulder (Rydberg). COLORADO to UTAH ; TEXAS to ARIZONA. 366. A. hortensis L. GARDEN ORACHE. Along railroads and in yards, 5100-7000 ft. (Daniels, 679). EUROPE, thence to NORTH AMERICA. 136. EUROTIA Adans. WHITE SAGE. 367. E. lanata (Pursh) Moq. WOOLLY WHITE SAGE. Plains at Boulder (Rydberg). SOUTH DAKOTA to WASHINGTON; KANSAS to CALIFORNIA. 137. COBISPERMTJM L. BUGSEED. 368. C. marginale Rydb. MARGINAL -FRUITED BUGSEED. Valleys near Boulder (Rydberg). WYOMING to COLORADO. 259] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO III 138. DONDIA Adans. SFA ELITE. 369. D. depressa (Pursh) Britton [Suaeda depressa S.Wats.]. LOW SEA ELITE. About the shores of Boulder lake, and other brackish lakes and pools, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 778). Near Boulder (W. W. Robbins). SASKATCHEWAN to MONTANA; COLORADO to NEVADA. 369^. D. erecta (S. Wats.) A. Nels. [Suaeda depressa erecta S. Wats.]. ERECT SEA ELITE Calkins lake (W. W. Robbins). NORTH DAKOTA to MONTANA ; COLORADO to NEVADA. 139. SALSOLA L. SALTWORT. SEA KALE. 370. S. Tragus L. RUSSIAN THISTLE. Very common in waste places and along railroads, 5100- 7000 ft. (Daniels, 419). EUROPE and ASIA, thence to NORTH AMERICA. Family 38. AMARANTHACEAE J. St. Hil. Amaranth family. 140. AMARANTHUS L. AMARANTH. PIGWEED. 371. A. Powellii S. Wats. POWELL'S PIGWEED. Sandy valleys at Boulder (Rydberg). TEXAS to COLORADO and CALIFORNIA. 372. A. retroflexus L. ROUGH PIGWEED. Abounding in fields and waste places, 5100-7000 (clearings in Bear Canon, perhaps even higher in the mountains) ft. (Daniels, 812). TROPICAL AMERICA, thence a cosmopolitan weed. 373. A. blitoides S. Wats. PROSTRATE PIGWEED. Along thoroughfares, and in fields, waste places, and creek- sands throughout, very common, 5100-10000 ft. (Daniels, 814). COLORADO to UTAH and MEXICO, thence to the rest of the UNITED STATES and SOUTHERN CANADA. 112 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [260 374. A. graecizans L. [A. albus L.]. WHITE PIGWEED. TUM- BLE WEED. Common in waste places, especially on the plains, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 813). TROPICAL AMERICA, thence throughout NORTH AMERICA. 141. FROEUCHIA Moench. 375. F. gracilis Moq. SLENDER FROELICHIA. Along the railroad between Boulder and Marshall; also along the railroad in Boulder Canon, 5400-6000 ft. (Daniels, 476). NEBRASKA to COLORADO ; ARKANSAS to TEXAS. Family 39. CORRIGIOLACEAE Reichenb. Corrigiola family. 142. PARONYCHIA Adans. WHITLOWWORT. 376. P. pulvinata Gray. PULVINATE WHITLOWWORT. Massif de T Arapahoe, 1100-13500 ft. (Rydberg). WYOMING and COLORADO to UTAH. 377. P. Jamesii T. & G. JAMES'S WHITLOW-WORT. Common in open situations throughout, 5100-10000 ft. (Dan- iels, 136). Also mountains between Sunshine and Ward, and at Meadow Park and Lyons (Rydberg). NEBRASKA to WYOMING; TEXAS to NEW MEXICO and MEX- ICO. Family 40. ALLIONIACEAE Reichenb. Umbrella-wort family. 143. ABRONIA Juss. 378. A. fragrans Nutt. FRAGRANT ABRONIA. Near Boulder (Tweedy). Valmont Butte, not getting to Boulder (Ramaley). SOUTH DAKOTA to IDAHO ; KANSAS to NEW MEXICO. 144. ALIIONIA LoefTl. UMBRELLA-WORT. 379. A. nyctaginea Michx. [Oxybaphus nyctagineus Sweet]. HEART-LEAVED UMBRELLA-WORT. Plains and mesas, especially about streams, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 113). ILLINOIS to SASKATCHEWAN ; MISSOURI to COLORADO. 26 1 J FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 113 380. A. hirsuta Pursh. HAIRY UMBRELLA-WORT. Common on the plains, mesas, and foothills, 5100-7000 ft. (Daniels, 353). WISCONSIN and MINNESOTA to SOUTH DAKOTA; MISSOURI to COLORADO. 381. A. diffusa Heller. DIFFUSE UMBRELLA- WORT. On the plains and mesas and rich mountain slopes, 5100- 9000 ft. (Daniels, 167). NORTH DAKOTA to WYOMING ; KANSAS to ARIZONA. 382. A. lanceolata Rydb. LANCE-LEAVED UMBRELLA-WORT. Between Sunshine and Ward (Tweedy). MINNESOTA to WYOMING; TENNESSEE to TEXAS and COLO- RADO. 383. A. linearis Pursh [Oxybaphus angustifolius Sweet]. NARROW-LEAVED UMBRELLA-WORT. On the plains, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 960). MINNESOTA to MONTANA ; LOUISIANA to ARIZONA and MEX- ICO. Family 41. TETRAGONIACEAE Reichenb. New Zealand spinach family. 145. MOLLUGO L. CARPET-WEED. 384. M. verticillata L. COMMON CARPET-WEED. Common on shales with thin soil between Marshall and South Boulder Peaks, 5400-6000 ft. (Daniels, 427). Not in Rydberg's Flora. TROPICAL AMERICA, thence to NORTH AMERICA. Family 42. PORTULACACEAE Reichenb. Purslane family. 146. TALINUM Adans. FAME-FLOWER. 385. T. parviflorum Nutt. SMALL-FLOWERED FAME-FLOWER. Common on shales with thin soil between Marshall and South Boulder Peaks; also on rocks in Gregory Canon, 5400- 7000 ft. (Daniels, 437). MINNESOTA to SOUTH DAKOTA; TEXAS to ARIZONA and MEXICO. 114 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [262 147. CLAYTONIA L. SPRING BEAUTY. 386. C. rosea Rydb. ROSY SPRING BEAUTY. Common at Boulder (Cockerell). SASKATCHEWAN to BRITISH COLUMBIA; COLORADO to CALI- FORNIA. 387. C. megarrhiza Parry. LARGE-ROOTED SPRING BEAUTY. Arapahoe Peak, towards summit, 12000-13500 ft. (Daniels, 889, collected by Mrs. T. D. A. Cockerell). MONTANA and COLORADO to UTAH. 148. CRUNOCALLIS Rydb. WATER SPRING BEAUTY. 388. C. Chamissoi (Ledeb.) Cockerell. Nov. comb. [Claytonia Chamissonis Esch.]. CHAMISSO'S WATER SPRING BEAUTY. Along ditches in the plains, and in deep canons in the foot- hills and mountains ; along streams at Ward and Bloomerville ; in subalpine bogs at Eldora; and in wet tundras on Arapahoe Peak, 5100-11000 ft. (Daniels, 239). Arapahoe Pass (Ryd- berg). MINNESOTA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; NEW MEXICO to CALI- FORNIA. 149. OREOBROMA Howell. BITTER ROOT. 389. 0. pygmaea (Gray) Ho'well. [Calandrinia pygmaea Gray; Lewisia pygmaea (Gray) Robinson]. PYGMY BIT- TER ROOT. Arapahoe Peak, 12000 ft. (Rydberg). Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley & Robbins). MONTANA and COLORADO to CALIFORNIA. 150. PORTULACA L. PURSLANE. PUSSLEY. 390. P. oleracea L. COMMON PURSLANE. Campus of the University of Colorado at Boulder (Cock- erell). TROPICAL AMERICA, now cosmopolitan. 391. P. retusa Engelm. RETUSE-LEAVED PURSLANE. Along the railroad in Sunset Canon, 5700-7700 ft. (Daniels, 722). ARKANSAS to NEVADA; TEXAS to NEW MEXICO. 263] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 115 Family 43. ALSINACEAE Wahl. Chickweed Family. 151. ALSINE L. CHICKWEED. STAR WORT. 392. A. media L. [Stellaria media (L.) Cyr.]. COMMON CHICK- WEED. Streets in the city of Boulder, 5300-5600 ft. (Daniels, 803). EUROPE and ASIA, thence a cosmopolitan weed. 393. A. Baicalensis Coville [Stellaria umbellata Turcz.]. LAKE BAICAL STARWORT. Arapahoe Peak above timberline in wet tundras, iiooo- 13500 ft. (Daniels, 929). Also along mountain streams from Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg). MONTANA to OREGON ; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA : SIBERIA. 394. A. longifolia (Muhl.) Britton [Stellaria longifolia Muhl.]. LONG-LEAVED STITCH WORT. In high alpine valley near snow above Bloomerville, 9000- nooo ft. (Daniels, 326). NEWFOUNDLAND to ALASKA; MARYLAND to COLORADO: EU- ROPE: ASIA. 395. A. longipes (Goldie) Coville [Stellaria longipes Goldie]. LONG-PEDICELLED STITCHWORT. Wet meadows at Caribou, 8000-10000 ft. (Rydberg). LABRADOR to ALASKA and COLORADO : SIBERIA. 395a. A. longipes stricta (Richardson) Rydb. [Stellaria stricta Richardson] . STRICT LONG-PEDICELLED STITCHWORT. Eldora to Baltimore, 8000-11000 ft. (Rydberg). Range of the type, but extending to CALIFORNIA. 396. A. Jamesiana (Torr.) Heller [Stellaria Jamesiana Torr.]. JAMES'S STARWORT. Along a stream in the mesa fronting Flagstaff Hill, 5700- 6000 ft. (Daniels, 26). The plants have fimbriate petals! WYOMING to NEW MEXICO and CALIFORNIA. 152 CERASTITTM L. MOUSE-EAR CHICKWEED. 397. C. occidentale Greene. WESTERN MOUSE-EAR CHICKWEED. Common on the mesas, foothills, and mountainsides in Il6 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [264 sheltered places and about streams and springs, 5700 (stream in mesa fronting Flagstaff Hill) — 12000 ft. (Daniels, 24). St. Vrain Canon, 7000 ft. (Coulter in Wabash College Herb.). MONTANA to COLORADO and UTAH. 153. ARENARIA L. SANDWORT. 398. A. Tweedyi Rydb. T WEEDY 's SANDWORT. Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11000-12000 ft. (Dan- iels, 1003). WYOMING to NEW MEXICO and ARIZONA. 399* A. Fendleri Gray. FENDLER'S SANDWORT. High mesas between Marshall and South Boulder Peaks, thence throughout the mountain region, 5700-12000 ft. (Dan- iels, 425). Also mountains between Sunshine and Ward, and at Caribou (Rydberg). WYOMING to NEW MEXICO and ARIZONA. 399a. A. Fendleri diffusa Porter & Coulter. DIFFUSE FEND- LER'S SANDWORT. Plains and mesas about Boulder and Marshall, and in the foothills and mountains, 5100-10000 ft. (Daniels, 423). COLORADO. 154. ALSINOPSIS Small. 400. A. propinqua (Richardson) Rydb. [Arenaria propinqua Richardson; A. verna aequicaulis A. Nels.]. GLANDULAR SANDWORT. Arapahoe Peak in dry tundras, 11000-13000 ft. (Daniels, 754). Also Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg). HUDSON BAY to BRITISH COLUMBIA; COLORADO to UTAH. 401. A. obtusiloba Rydb. [Arenaria obtusa Torr.]. OBTUSE- LEAVED SANDWORT. Very common in dry tundras, forming often the main part of the turf, Arapahoe Peak, 11000-13500 ft. (Daniels, 913). Also at Caribou.. 10000 ft. (Rydberg). Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley & Robbins). ALBERTA to BRITISH COLUMBIA ; NEW MEXICO to UTAH. 265] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 1 1/ Family 44. CARYOPHYLLACEAE Reichenb. Pink family. 155. SELENE L. CAMPION. CATCHFLY. 402. S. antirrhina L. SLEEPY CATCHFLY. Common on the plains and mesas, and in deep canons for some distance in the mountains, 5100-6500 (Boulder Canon), ft. (Daniels, 477). NEWFOUNDLAND to BRITISH COLUMBIA; FLORIDA to CALI- FORNIA and MEXICO. 402a. S. antirrMna depauperata Rydb. DEPAUPERATE SLEEPY CATCHFLY. Bear Canon, 7000 ft. (Daniels, 974). SASKATCHEWAN to BRITISH COLUMBIA; COLORADO to ARI- ZONA. 403. S. noctiflora L. NIGHT-BLOOMING CATCHFLY. Along streets and in waste places in the city of Boulder, 5300-5600 ft. (Daniels, 815). Campus of the University of Colorado (Cockerell). EUROPE, thence to NORTH AMERICA. 404. S. acaulis L. Moss CAMPION. Dry tundras, Arapahoe Peak, where it is abundant and char- acteristic, 11000-13500 ft. (Daniels, 902). GREENLAND to ALASKA ; NEW HAMPSHIRE to ARIZONA : arc- tic-alpine in the OLD WORLD. 156. LYCHNIS L. 405. L. Drummondii (Hook.) S. Wats. DRUMMOND'S PINK. Common in open places throughout, 5100-10000 ft. (Daniels, 173). Also mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Ryd- berg). MANITOBA to BRITISH COLUMBIA ; NEW MEXICO to ARIZONA. 157. VACCAPIA Medic. 406. V. Vaccaria (L.) Britton [V. vulgaris Host; Saponaria Vaccaria L.]. Cow HERB. Common in waste places about Boulder, 5300-5700 ft. (Dan- iels, 135). EUROPE, thence to NORTH AMERICA. Ilg UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [266 158. SAPONARIA L. SOAPWORT. 407. S. officinalis L. BOUNCING BET. Roadsides and along railroads, 5300-5600 ft. (Daniels, 725). Not in Rydberg's Flora. EUROPE, thence to NORTH AMERICA. Order 21. RAN ALES. Family 45. CERATOPHYLLACEAE Gray. Hornwort family. 159. CEBATOPHYLLUM L. HORNWORT. 408. C. demersuxn L. COMMON HORNWORT. Owen's lake; Boulder lake, 5200-5300 ft. (Daniels, 614). NORTH AMERICA: EUROPE: ASIA. Family 46. RANUNCULACEAE Juss. Crowfoot family. 160. CALTHA L. MARSH MARIGOLD. 409. C. leptosepala DC. [C. rotundifolia (Huth) Greene; C. chionophila Greene] . WHITE MARSH MARIGOLD. Along brooks crossing the Arapahoe Trail from Eldora to Arapahoe Peak, where in the wet tundras it ascends above timberline, 8600-12000 ft. (Daniels, 880). Long's Peak (Coul- ter in Wabash College Herb.). MACKENZIE to YUKON and ALASKA; COLORADO to NEVADA and OREGON. 161. TROLLITJS L. GLOBE FLOWER. 410. T. albiflorus (Gray) Rydb. [T. laxus albiflorus Gray]. WHITE GLOBE FLOWER. Along brooks crossing the Arapahoe Trail from Eldora to Arapahoe Peak, where in the wet tundras it ascends above timberline, 9000-12000 ft. (Daniels, 919). Long's Peak (Coul- ter in Wabash College Herb.). MONTANA to WASHINGTON ; COLORADO to UTAH. 267] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO IIQ 162. ACTAEA L. BANEBERRY. 411. A. argnta Nutt. WESTERN RED BANEBERRY. Frequent in deep canons throughout, 6000 (Bear Canon at entrance) — 10000 ft. (Daniels, 970). MONTANA to ALASKA ; NEW MEXICO to CALIFORNIA : NORTH- ERN ASIA. 41 la. A. arguta eburnea (Rydb.) Cockerell. Nov. comb. [Ac- taea eburnea Rydb.]. IVORY BANEBERRY. Mountain canons throughout, 6500 (Bear Canon) — 10000 ft. (Daniels, 468). NEWFOUNDLAND to ALBERTA ; VERMONT to UTAH. 163. AQUILEGIA L. COLUMBINE. 412. A. coerulea James. AZURE COLUMBINE. North slope of Green Mt. ; Bear Canon ; common on the mountains between Sunset and Ward ; above timberline, Arap- ahoe Peak, 6500-12000 ft. (Daniels, 350). Nearly extermi- nated in the immediate region about Boulder. Also North Boulder Peak (Rydberg). The State flower of Colorado. MONTANA to COLORADO and UTAH. 164. DELPHINIUM L. LARKSPUR. 413. D. Penardii Huth. PENARD'S LARKSPUR. Common on the plains, mesas, and foothills, 5100-8000 ft. (Daniels, 66). COLORADO. 414. D. camporum Greene. PLAINS LARKSPUR. Plains and foothills near Boulder, 5100-8000 ft. (Rydberg). TEXAS to COLORADO and ARIZONA. 415. D. Nelsonii Greene. NELSON'S LARKSPUR. Along streams in mesa fronting Flagstaff Hill, 5700-6000 ft. (Daniels, 112). Sugarloaf Mountain, 8000 ft. (Ramaley). ALBERTA to WASHINGTON ; NEBRASKA to UTAH. 416. D. occidentale S. Wats. [D. quercetorum Greene]. WESTERN LARKSPUR. Rich mountainsides between Glacier Lake and Eldora, 8000 loooo ft. (Daniels, 628). WYOMING and COLORADO to UTAH. I2O UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [268 416^2. D. Barbeyi Huth [D. scopulorum subalpinum Gray; D. subalpinum (Gray) A. Nels.]. BARBEY'S LARKSPUR. Boulder Canon (Coulter in Wabash College Herb.). WYOMING and COLORADO. 417. D. Ajacis L. GARDEN LARKSPUR. Escaped into streets in the city of Boulder, 5300-5600 ft. (Daniels, 191). EUROPE, thence to CANADA and the UNITED STATES. 165. ACONITITM L. MONKSHOOD. 418. A. porrectum Rydb. PORRECT MONKSHOOD. Arapahoe Pass, 10000 ft. (Rydberg). WYOMING to COLORADO. 419. A. Colnmbiamim Nutt. COLUMBIA MONKSHOOD. Boulder Canon above the Falls near the Perfect Tree, 7500- 8000 ft. (Daniels, 540). Also Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Rama- ley & Robbins). MONTANA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; NEW MEXICO to CALI- FORNIA. 420. A. insigne Greene. SHOWY MONKSHOOD. Subalpine meadows near Eldora, 8600-11000 ft. (Daniels, 979). COLORADO. 421. A. ochroleucum A. Nels. OCHROLEUCOUS MONKSHOOD. Aspen bogs at Eldora, 8600-9000 ft. (Daniels, 980). WYOMING to COLORADO. 166. ANEMONE L. WIND FLOWER. 422. A. globosa Nutt. GLOBOSE ANEMONE. Bear Canon, scarce; common in aspen bogs at Eldora and Glacier Lake, 7000-11000 ft. (Daniels, 446). Also at Caribou (Rydberg). SOUTH DAKOTA to MACKENZIE and ALASKA; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA. 269] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 12 1 423. A. cylindrica Gray. LONG-FRUITED ANEMONE. Common in the mesas, thence following the streams in the plains, and on the foothills, 5100-8000 ft. (Daniels, 186). NEW BRUNSWICK to BRITISH COLUMBIA; NEW JERSEY to ARIZONA. 424. A. Canadensis L. [A. Pennsylvania, L.] CANADA ANE- MONE. PENNSYLVANIA ANEMONE. Common in canons and along streams throughout, except in the higher elevations, 5100-9000 ft. (Daniels, 443). LABRADOR to ALBERTA ; MARYLAND to NEW MEXICO. 167. PULSATILLA Adans. PASQUE FLOWER. 425. P. hirsutissima (Pursh) Britton [Anemone patens Nut- talliana Gray] . AMERICAN PASQUE FLOWER. Common in open places throughout, 5100-10000 ft. (Daniels, 219). Also Sugarloaf, 8500 ft. (Cockerell), and North Boul- der Peak, and Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg). Long's Peak (Coulter in Wabash College Herb.). ILLINOIS to MACKENZIE; TEXAS to WASHINGTON. 425a. P. hirsutissima rosea (Cockerell) Daniels. Nov. comb. PlNK PASQUE FLOWER. Boulder (Miss Marie Gill). This rose-colored form is due to some unusual acidity of the sap, not to a difference in the character of the pigment. 168. CLEMATIS L. VIRGIN'S BOWER. 426. C. ligusticifolia Nutt. WESTERN VIRGIN'S BOWER. Common among bushes in canons and along streams, ascend- ing for a considerable distance into the mountains along the principal streams, 5100-8000 ft. (Daniels, 155). NORTH DAKOTA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; MISSOURI to CALI- FORNIA. 169. VIORNA Reichenb. LEATHER FLOWER. 427. V. Jonesii (Kuntze) Rydb. [Clematis Douglasii Jonesii Kuntze]. JONES'S LEATHER FLOWER. Scarce in the foothills at Orodell along Boulder Canon, 6000- 7000 ft. (Daniels, 723). Near Boulder (Patterson). COLORADO to NEVADA. 122 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [270 428. V. eriophora Rydb. [Clematis eriophora Rydb.]. WOOL- LY LEATHER FLOWER. Foothills along Boulder Canon, 6000-7000 ft. (Daniels, 998). Puzzling intermediates between this species and the preceding were found at Orodell. WYOMING to COLORADO and UTAH. 170. ATRAGENE L. BELL RUE. 429. A. occidentalis Hornem. [A. Columbiana Nutt.]. WEST- ERN BELL RUE. Very scarce in Bear Canon, 6000-7000 ft. (Daniels, 761). Redrock lake 10100 ft. (Ramaley & Robbins). MONTANA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; COLORADO to UTAH. 171. MYOSURUS L. MOUSE TAIL. 430. M. apetalus Gay [M. aristatus Benth.]. BEAKED MOUSE TAIL. In muddy places, Long's Peak, 9000 ft. (Rydberg). MONTANA to WASHINGTON; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA: CHILI: NEW ZEALAND. 172. BATRACHIUM S. F. Gray. WHITE WATER CROW- FOOT. 431. B. aquatile flaccidum (Pers.) Cockerell. Nov. comb. [B. flaccidum (Pers.) Rupr.]. FLACCID-LEAVED WHITE WA- TER CROWFOOT. Aquatic in a pond at Glacier Lake, 9000 ft. (Daniels, 618). Also at Boulder (Pydberg). Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Rama- ley & Robbins). LABRADOR to WASHINGTON; NORTH CAROLINA to LOWER CALIFORNIA. 173. RANUNCULUS L. CROWFOOT. BUTTERCUP. 432. R. reptans L. [R. Flammula reptans (L.) E. Meyer]. CREEPING CROWFOOT. Common in limose places about Boulder; at Marshall; in Sunset Canon; aspen and subalpine bogs at Glacier Lake and 27 1 ] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 123 Eldora, 5100-10000 ft. (Daniels, 619). Also at Ward (Ryd- berg). LABRADOR to ALASKA; NEW JERSEY to UTAH and OREGON: EUROPE: ASIA. 433. R. ellipticus Greene. ELLIPTIC-LEAVED CROW-FOOT. Long's Peak (Porter and Coulter). MONTANA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA, 434. R. cardiophyllus Hook. [R. affinis cardiophyllus Gray]. HEART-LEAVED CROWFOOT. Wet meadows and bogs from Eldora to Baltimore, 8000- loooo ft. (Rydberg), SASKATCHEWAN to COLORADO. 435. R. inamoenus Greene. UGLY CROWFOOT. Bear Canon, 7000 ft. (Daniels, 449). Also in meadows and along streams at Caribou, and from Eldora to Baltimore, 7000- loooo ft. (Rydberg). MONTANA to NEW MEXICO and UTAH. 436. R. micropetalus (Greene) Rydb. [R. affinis micropetalus Greene]. SM ALL-PET ALLED CROWFOOT. Aspen bogs at Glacier Lake, 9000 ft. (Daniels, 715). COLORADO to UTAH and ARIZONA. 437. R. pedatifidus J. G. Smith [R. affinis R. Br.]. NORTH- ERN BUTTERCUP. Alpine bogs and meadows, Eldora to Baltimore, 7000-12000 ft. (Rydberg). Near Long's Peak (Coulter in Wabash Col- lege Herb.). LABRADOR to ALASKA; COLORADO to ARIZONA: SIBERIA. 438. R. alpeophilus A. Nels. ALPINE CROWFOOT. In wet places near the snow at Caribou, 9000-12000 ft. (Rydberg). MONTANA to COLORADO. 439. R. adoneus Gray. ADONIS-LIKE BUTTERCUP. Alpine peaks at Ward (Rydberg). WYOMING and COLORADO to UTAH. 124 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [2/2 440. R. abortivus L. KIDNEY-LEAVED CROWFOOT. Common in low grounds, 5100-9000 (streams at Bloomer- ville) ft. (Daniels, 322). LABRADOR to SASKATCHEWAN; FLORIDA to COLORADO. 441. R. micranthus Nutt. SMALL-FLOWERED CROWFOOT. In Bear Canon, 6000-7000 ft. (Daniels, 828). MASSACHUSETTS to SASKATCHEWAN; FLORIDA to COLORADO. 442. R. sceleratus erexnogenes (Greene) Cockerell. Nov. comb. [R. eremogenes Greene]. WESTERN SWAMP CROWFOOT. Along ditches and in swales about Boulder and Marshall; along Four-mile creek in Sunset Canon, 5100-8000 ft. (Dan- iels, 429). SASKATCHEWAN to ALBERTA; NEW MEXICO to CALIFORNIA. 443. R. Macounii Britton. MACOUN'S BUTTERCUP. About irrigation ditches in the plains, 5100-5600 ft. (Dan- iels, 236). ONTARIO to ALBERTA : IOWA to COLORADO. 174. HALERPESTES Greene. 444. H. Cymbalaria (Pursh) Greene [Ranunculus Cymbalaria Pursh; Oxygraphis Cymbalaria (Pursh) Prantl; Cyrtor- rhyncha Cymbalaria (Pursh) Britton]. SEASIDE CROW- FOOT. Around ponds and irrigation ditches about Boulder and Mar- shall on the plains, 5100-5700 ft. (Daniels, 255). Also at Ward (Cockerell). Valmont (Coulter in Wabash College Herb.). NORTH AMERICA: SOUTH AMERICA: ASIA. 175. CYRTORRHYNCHA Nutt. 445. C. ranunculina Nutt. [Ranunculus Nuttallii Gray]. NUTTALL'S BUTTERCUP. Rare on the north slope of Green Mt., 6500-7000 ft. (Dan- iels, 369). Near Long's Peak (Porter & Coulter; also Coulter in Wabash College Herb.). WYOMING to COLORADO. 273] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 125 176. THALICTRTTM L. MEADOW-RUE. 446. T. purpurascens L. PURPLISH MEADOW-RUE. Springy canon at the foot of Flagstaff Hill; wet meadows between Marshall and South Boulder Peaks, 5400-6000 ft. (Daniels, 434). NOVA SCOTIA to SASKATCHEWAN ; FLORIDA to COLORADO. 447. T. Fendleri Engelm. FENDLER'S MEADOW-RUE. Canons on the north slope of Green Mt., 6000-8100 ft. (Dan- iels, 532). Also in the mountains from Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg). WYOMING and NEW MEXICO to ARIZONA. Family 47. NYMPHAEACEAE DC. Water-lily family. 177. NYMPHAEA L. YELLOW POND LILY. 448. N. polysepala (Engelm.) Greene [Nuphar polysepalum Engelm.]. MANY-SEPALLED YELLOW POND LILY. WEST- ERN SPATTER DOCK. Alpine lakes at Ward, 9000-11000 ft. (Daniels). A portion of Engelmann's type material came from the vicinity of Long's Peak, lat. 40°. MONTANA to ALASKA; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA. Family 48. BERBERIDACEAE T. & G. Barberry family. 178. ODOSTEMON Raf. OREGON GRAPES. 449. 0. repens (Lindl.) Cockerell [O. Aquifolium Rydb., not Berberis Aquifolium Pursh; B. repens Lindl.]. CREEPING OREGON GRAPES. HOLLY BARBERRY. Common on the mesas, foothills, and mountain slopes, 5700- 10000 ft. (Daniels, 471). Long's Peak (Coulter in Wabash College Herb.). MONTANA to IDAHO; NEW MEXICO to CALIFORNIA. 126 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [274 Order 22. PAPAVERALES. Family 49. PAPAVERACEAE Juss. Poppy family. 179. PAPAVER L. POPPY. 450. P. Argemone L. ROUGH-FRUITED POPPY. WIND ROSE. Escaped into streets and plains near dwellings, 5500-5600 ft. (Daniels, 200). EUROPE, thence to the UNITED STATES. 180. ARGEMONE L. PRICKLY POPPY. 451. A. intermedia Sweet. WHITE PRICKLY POPPY. Abundant on the plains, mesas, and open meadows in the foothills, 5100-7500 ft. (Daniels, 85). SOUTH DAKOTA to WYOMING; TEXAS to MEXICO. 452. A. hispida Gray [A. bipinnatifida Greene]. "HAIRY PRICK- LY POPPY. Plains and foothills near Boulder, 5100-9000 ft. (Rydberg). WYOMING to NEW MEXICO and UTAH. Family 50. FUMARIACEAE DC. Fumitory family. 181. CAPNOIDES Adans. CORYDALIS. 453. C. aureum (Willd.) Kuntze [Corydalis aurea Willd.]. GOLDEN CORYDALIS. Rather frequent in rocky places throughout, 5100-10000 ft. (Daniels, 82). Also in the mountains between Sunshine and Ward, and at Ward (Rydberg). Long's Peak (Coulter in Wabash College Herb.). NOVA SCOTIA to ALASKA; PENNSYLVANIA to CALIFORNIA. 454. C. montamim (Engelm.) Britton [C. pachylobum Greene; Corydalis aurea occidentals Gray]. MOUNTAIN CORYDALIS. Near Boulder, and in the mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg). SOUTH DAKOTA to UTAH ; MISSOURI to TEXAS and ARIZONA. 275] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 127 Family 51. BRASSICACEAE Lindl. Mustard family. 182. CARDABJA Desv. 455. C. Draba (L.) Desv. [Lepidium Draba L.]. HOARY CRESS. Near Boulder, (Rydberg). EUROPE and ASIA, thence to the UNITED STATES. 183. LEPIDIUM L. PEPPER GRASS. 456. L. medium Greene. MEDIUM PEPPER GRASS. Plains and foothills near Boulder, and in Boulder Canon, 5000-7000 ft. (Daniels, 123). MISSOURI to TEXAS and CALIFORNIA. 457. L. divergens Osterh. DIVERGENT PEPPER GRASS. Common in creek-sands and along roads and railroads in the foothills and mesas, 5400-8000 ft. (Daniels, 32). COLORADO. 184. THLASPI L. PENNY GRASS. 458. T. arvense L. FIELD PENNY GRASS. Local in waste places; especially abundant along roadsides at the entrance of Boulder Canon, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 163). EUROPE and ASIA, thence to NORTH AMERICA. 459. T. Nuttallii Rydb. NUTTALL'S PENNY GRASS. Rocky canons on the north slope of Green Mt., 6000-8100 ft. (Daniels, 275). MONTANA and COLORADO to WASHINGTON. 460. T. Coloradense Rydb. COLORADO PENNY GRASS. Gregory Canon, 6200 ft. (Daniels, 194). Also in wet places among rocks, Massif de T Arapahoe, 11000-13500 ft. (Ryd- berg). COLORADO. 461. T. purpurascens Rydb. PURPLISH PENNY GRASS. Among rocks on the peaks, Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg). COLORADO to ARIZONA. 128 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [276 185. BURSA Weber. SHEPHERD'S PURSE. 462. B. Bursa-pastoris (L.) Weber [Capsella Bursa-pastoris (L.) Medic.]. COMMON SHEPHERD'S PURSE. Very common in fields and waste places, 5100-9000 ft. (Dan- iels, 252). EUROPE, thence now cosmopolitan. 186. PHYSARIA Gray. DOUBLE BLADDER POD. 463. P. didymocarpa (Hook.) Gray. COMMON DOUBLE BLAD- DER POD. Common under rocks in the mesas and foothills, 5700-7000 ft. (Daniels, 80). Also Long's Peak (Porter & Coulter; Coul- ter in Wabash College Herb.). SASKATCHEWAN to ALBERTA; COLORADO to UTAH. 464. P. floribunda Rydb. MANY-FLOWERED DOUBLE BLADDER POD. Plains and foothills near Boulder; Eldora to Baltimore, (Rydberg). Also Boulder (Mrs. T. D. A. Cockerell). COLORADO. 187. LESQUERELLA S. Wats. BLADDER POD. 465. L. Shearis Rydb. SHEAR'S BLADDER POD. On shales with thin soil between Marshall and South Boul- der Peaks, 5400-6000 ft. (Daniels, 436). Plains and foothills at Boulder (Rydberg). COLORADO. 188. CAMELINA Crantz. MYAGRUM. 466. C. sativa (L.) Crantz [Myagrum sativum L.]. FALSE FLAX. Along streets and in waste places in the city of Boulder, 5300-5700 ft. (Daniels, 281). Not in Rydberg's Flora. EUROPE, thence to NORTH AMERICA. 189. NASTURTIUM R. Br. CRESS. 467. N. Nasturtium — aquaticum (L.) Karst. [N. officinale R. Br. ; Roripa Nasturtium (L.) Rusby.]. WATER CRESS. 277] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 129 Frequent in ditches, streams, and springy swales in and about Boulder, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 590). EUROPE and ASIA, thence to both NORTH and SOUTH AMER- ICA. 190. RADICTTLA Hill. YELLOW CRESS. 468. R. calycina (Engelm.) Greene [Nasturtium calycinum Engelm. ; Roripa calycina (Engelm.) Rydb.]. WARTY PODDED YELLOW CRESS. Along the railroad near Boulder lake, 5200-5300 ft. (Dan- iels, 774). MONTANA to WASHINGTON and NEW MEXICO. 469. R. siniiata (Nutt.) Greene [Nasturtium sinuatum Nutt. ; Roripa sinuata (Nutt.) A. S. Hitchc.]. SPREADING YEL- LOW CRESS. On stream banks and in wet ground near Boulder (Ryd- berg). MINNESOTA to WASHINGTON; MISSOURI to ARIZONA. 470. R. hispida (Desv.) Moench. [Nasturtium hispidum Desv. ; Roripa hispida (Desv.) Britton]. HAIRY MARSH CRESS. Along streams, ditches, and in swales, 5100-9000 ft. (Dan- iels, 581). NEW BRUNSWICK to BRITISH COLUMBIA; FLORIDA to NEW MEXICO. 471. R. obtusa (Nutt.) Greene [Nasturtium obtusum Nutt; Roripa obtusa (Nutt.) Britton]. BLUNT-LEAVED MARSH CRESS. Massif de T Arapahoe, loooo ft. (Rydberg). MICHIGAN to WASHINGTON ; TEXAS to UTAH. 472. R. curvipes (Greene) Greene [Roripa curmpes Greene]. CURVED-PODDED MARSH CRESS. In Boulder Canon, 5500-6000 ft. (Daniels, 544). WYOMING to COLORADO. 1 3o UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [278 190%. ARMORACIA Gaertn. HORSE RADISH. 473. A. Armoracia (L.) Cockerell. Nov. comb. [Roripa Armo- racia (L.) A. S. Hitchc. ; Nasturtium Armoracia (L.) Fries.]. COMMON HORSE RADISH. Escaped to waysides, Boulder (Daniels). EUROPE, thence to AMERICA. 191. SISYMBRITTM L. HEDGE MUSTARD. 474. S. officinale (L.) Scop. COMMON HEDGE MUSTARD. Common in waste places about Boulder, 5100-6000 ft. (Dan- iels, 256). EUROPE and ASIA, thence to NORTH AMERICA. 192. SOPHIA Adans. TANSY MUSTARD. 475. S. leptophylla Rydb. FINE-LEAVED TANSY MUSTARD. Along Boulder Canon, 6000 ft. (Daniels, 284). WYOMING and IDAHO to COLORADO. 476. S. incisa (Engelm.) Greene [Sisymbrium incisum Engelm.; Descurainia incisa (Engelm.) Britton]. CUT- LEAVED TANSY MUSTARD. Boulder Canon at Falls; also in Gregory Canon on rocky banks, 6000-9000 ft. (Daniels, 981). WYOMING to NEW MEXICO*. 477. S. intermedia Rydb. WESTERN TANSY MUSTARD. Common throughout the lower elevations, 5100-9000 ft. (Daniels, 121). MICHIGAN to BRITISH COLUMBIA; TENNESSEE to CALIFOR- NIA. 478. S. andrenarum Cockerell. HOARY TANSY MUSTARD. Rather frequent in Boulder Canon, 5500-7000 ft. (Daniels, 550). MONTANA to WASHINGTON and NEW MEXICO. 193. ERYSIMUM L. TREACLE MUSTARD. 479. E. asperum (Nutt.) DC. WESTERN WALLFLOWER. Mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg). SASKATCHEWAN to ARKANSAS and COLORADO. 279] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 13! 480. E. oblanceolatum Rydb. OBLANCEOLATE-LEAVED WALL- FLOWER. Plains and foothills near Boulder (Rydberg). WYOMING to COLORADO. 481. E. nivale (Greene) Rydb. [E. asperum nanum Cock- erell]. SNOW WALLFLOWER. Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11000-13000 ft. (Dan- iels, 885). WYOMING to COLORADO. 482. E. Cockerelliamun Daniels. Nov. nomen. [E. asperum alpestre Cockerell; E. alpestre (Cockerell) Rydb.; not Kotschy nor Jordan]. COCKERELL'S WALLFLOWER. Abundant throughout, 5100-12000 ft. (Daniels, 57). Also mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg). Since E. alpestre has been twice used as a specific name (by Kot- schy and by Jordan) a new name is necessary for the species. COLORADO to UTAH ; TEXAS to ARIZONA. 194. RAPHANUS L. RADISH. 483. R. sativus L. GARDEN RADISH. Spontaneous along streets in waste places, 5400-5600 ft. (Daniels, 772). ASIA, thence universal in cultivation. 195. CAMPE Dulac. WINTER CRESS. 484. C. Americana (Rydb.) Cockerell. Nov. comb. [Bar- barea Americana, Rydb.] . AMERICAN WINTER CRESS. In rich soil, between Eldora and Baltimore, 8500-9000 ft. (Rydberg).. SASKATCHEWAN to MONTANA ; COLORADO to NEVADA. 196. BRASSICA L. MUSTARD. 485. B. juncea (L.) Coss. INDIAN MUSTARD. Along Boulder Canon Road about six miles beyond Boul- der, 7000 ft. (Daniels, 283). ASIA, thence to both NORTH and SOUTH AMERICA. 132 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [280 486. B. nigra (L.) Koch. BLACK MUSTARD. Frequent along roadsides and in waste places, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 747)- EUROPE and ASIA, thence to NORTH AMERICA. 487. B. campestris L. RUTA BAGA. Adventitious along the Arapahoe Road, 5300 ft. (Daniels, 790). EUROPE, thence universal in cultivation. 197. ALYSSUM L. MADWORT. 488. A. alyssoides (L.) Gouan. [A. calycinum L.]. YEL- LOW ALYSSUM. Boulder, roadside on University Hill, 5300-5600 ft. (Cock- erell). EUROPE, thence to NORTH AMERICA. 198. KONIGA Adans. 489. K. maritima (L.) R. Br. [Alyssum maritimum (L.) Lam.]. SWEET ALYSSUM. Spontaneous on the campus of the University of Colorado, Boulder, 5500 ft. (Oaniels, 680). EUROPE, thence universal in cultivation. 199. DBABA L. WHITLOW-GRASS. 490. D. Coloradensis Rydb. COLORADO WHITLOW-GRASS. Plains and hillsides near Boulder, 5100-5500 ft. (Rydberg). COLORADO. 491. D. nemorosa L. WOOD WHITLOW-GRASS. At Boulder, University Hill, on rise opposite base of Flagstaff Hill, 5500-6000 ft. (Cockerell). MICHIGAN and ONTARIO to BRITISH COLUMBIA; COLORADO to OREGON : EUROPE : ASIA. 492. D. crassifolia Graham. THICK-LEAVED WHITLOW-GRASS. Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11000-13500 ft. (Daniels, 928). GREENLAND to BRITISH COLUMBIA ; COLORADO to UTAH. 28 1 ] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 133 493. D. Fladnizensis Wulf. WHITE ARCTIC WHITLOW-GRASS. Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 1100013000 ft. (Daniels, 1009). LABRADOR to BRITISH COLUMBIA ; COLORADO to UTAH : EU- ROPE: ASIA. 494. D. cana Rydb. HOARY WHITLOW-GRASS. Massif de T Arapahoe, 11000-12000 ft. (Rydberg). LABRADOR to YUKON and COLORADO. 495. D. streptocarpa Gray. TWISTED-PODDED WHITLOW-GRASS. Common in barren, rocky places throughout the mountain- ous region 6000-13000 ft. (Daniels, 313). Also Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg). Sugarloaf, 8500 ft. (Cockerell). COLORADO to NEW MEXICO and ARIZONA. 496. D. luteola Greene. YELLOWISH WHITLOWWORT. In spray of Boulder Falls, a decumbent small-flowered form, 7500 ft. (Daniels, 295). Also Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg). COLORADO. 497. D. aureifonnis Rydb. [D. Bakeri Greene]. BAKER'S WHITLOW-GRASS. Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11000-12000 ft. (Daniels, 1004). SOUTH DAKOTA to COLORADO. 498. D. aurea Wahl. GOLDEN WHITLOWWORT. Common in the subalpine and alpine district, 8600 ( Eldora) - 13000 (Arapahoe Peak) ft. (Daniels, 805). Also Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg). GREENLAND to BRITISH COLUMBIA; COLORADO to ARIZONA. 499. D. decumbens Rydb. DECUMBENT WHITLOWWORT. At snow-line, Arapahoe Peak, 12000-13000 ft. (Daniels, COLORADO. 200. CARDAMINE L. BITTERCRESS. 500. C. cordifolia Gray. HEART-LEAVED BITTERCRESS. Wet mossy tundras above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, nooo- 12000 ft. (Daniels, 713). Also mountains between Sunshine 134 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [282 and Ward, and at Caribou (Rydberg). Common everywhere above 9000 ft. (Ramaley). WYOMING to NEW MEXICO and ARIZONA. 501. C. incana (Gray) A. Nels. [C. cardiophylla Rydb. ; C. infausta Greene]. HOARY BITTERCRESS. Along an alpine brook at edge of snow above Bloomerville, 9000-10000 ft. (Daniels, 323). COLORADO. 502. C. vallicola Greene. VALLEY BITTERCRESS. Dripping rocks under an irrigation sluice, Boulder Canon, 5500-5600 ft. (Daniels, 578). WYOMING to COLORADO. 201. ARABIS L. ROCK-CRESS. 503. A. ovata (Pursh) Poir. OVATE-LEAVED ROCK-CRESS. Common among rocks throughout the mountain region and the rougher mesas, 5700-10000 ft. (Daniels, 567). Also from Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg). NEW BRUNSWICK to ALBERTA ; GEORGIA to CALIFORNIA. 504. A. philonipha A. Nelson. SNOW-LOVING ROCK-CRESS. Mountainsides at Ward, 9000-9500 ft. (Daniels, 954). MONTANA to WASHINGTON ; COLORADO to UTAH. 505. A. oxyphylla Greene. SHARP-LEAVED ROCK-CRESS. Mesas and foothills; common, 5600-8000 ft. (Daniels, 199). University Hill near base of Flagstaff Hill (Cockerell). WYOMING to COLORADO and UTAH. 506. A. connexa Greene. RELATED ROCK-CRESS. Ward 9200 ft. (Daniels, 207). Also from Eldora to Bal- timore (Rydberg). MONTANA to COLORADO and UTAH. 507. A. Fendleri (S. Wats.) Greene [A. Hoelboellii Fend- leri S. Wats.]. FENDLER'S ROCK-CRESS. High alpine slope near snow above Bloomerville, 9000-10000 ft. (Daniels, 318). COLORADO to NEW MEXICO. 283] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 135 508. A. divaricarpa. A. Nels. DIVERGENTLY PODDED ROCK- CRESS. f North slope of Green Mt., Gregory Canon, 6400 ft. (Dan- iels, 528). Mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Ryd- berg). ASSINIBOIA to COLORADO and UTAH. 202. THELYPODITIM Endl. 509. T. paniculatum A. Nels. [T. sagittatum Endl.; T. torulosum Heller]. PANICLED THELYPODIUM. Near the summit of Flagstaff Hill, 6500-7000 ft. (Daniels, 223). MONTANA to COLORADO and UTAH. 203. STANIEYA Nutt. 510. S. glauca Rydb. GLAUCOUS STANLEY'S CRESS. Along the railroad between Boulder and Valmont, 5200-5300 ft. (Daniels, 415). NORTH DAKOTA to WYOMING; COLORADO to UTAH. Family 52. CAPPARIDACEAE Lindl. Caper family. 204. POLANISIA Raf. CLAMMY-WEED. 511. P. trachysperma T. & G. LARGE-FLOWERED CLAMMY WEED. Along railroads and in creek-sands, 5100-7000 ft. (Daniels, 483). ASSINIBOIA to TEXAS and NEVADA. 205. PEBITOMA DC. CLEOME. 512. P. semdatum (Pursh) DC. [Cleome serrulata Pursh]. PINK CLEOME. ROCKY MOUNTAIN BEE PLANT. Sands and waste places, 5100-9000 ft. (Daniels, 286). SASKATCHEWAN to IDAHO; MISSOURI to ARIZONA. 5i2a. P. serrulatnm albiflorum Cockerell. WHITE CLEOME. Sunset Canon, 7000 ft. (Daniels, 603). 136 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [284 Order 23. ROSALES. Family 53. CRASSULACEAE DC. Orpine family. 206. CLEMENTSIA Rose. 513. C. rhodantha (Gray) Rose [Sedum rhodanthum Gray]. RED ORPINE. Alpine and subalpine in bogs and along streams, 8600 (El- dora) — 13000 (Arapahoe Peak) ft. (Daniels, 848). Also at Caribou ( Rydberg) . MONTANA to COLORADO and ARIZONA. 206i/2. RHOBIOLA L. ROSE-ROOT. 513^2. R. integrifolia Raf. ENTIRE-LEAVED ROSE-ROOT. Common at high altitudes (Ramaley). Arapahoe Peak (Rydberg). ALBERTA to ALASKA; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA. 207. SEDTTM L. ORPINE. STONE-CROP. " 514. S. stenopetalum Pursh. NARROW-PETALLED ORPINE. Abundant throughout the mountainous regions in rocky places, 5600-12000 ft. (Daniels, 104). Also in the mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg). ALBERTA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; NEW MEXICO to CALIFOR- NIA. 5143. S. stenopetalum rubrolineatum Cockerell. With the type, but in the higher altitude (Cockerell). ROCKY MOUNTAINS. Family 54. SAXIFRAGACEAE Dumort. Saxifrage family. 208. PECTIANTHIA Raf. BISHOP'S CAP. 515. P. pentandra (Hook.) Rydb. [Mitella pentandra Hook.]. WESTERN BISHOP'S CAP. Springy places and along streams, Caribou (Rydberg). ALBERTA to ALASKA; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA. 285] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 1 37 209. OZOMELIS Raf. MITRE-WORT. 516. 0. stenopetala (Piper) Rydb. [Mitella stenopetala Piper]. NARROW-PETALLED MITRE-WORT. Springy places, Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg). Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley & Robbins). COLORADO to UTAH. 210. HEUCHERA L. ALUM-ROOT. 517. H. bracteata (Torr.) Ser. BRACTED ALUM-ROOT. Common in the crevices of rocks, 5800-10000 ft. (Daniels, 139). Also in the mountains between Sunshine and Ward, and from Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg). WYOMING to COLORADO. 518. H. Hallii Gray. HALL'S ALUM-ROOT. Rocky places, Arapahoe Peak, 11500-12000 ft. (Daniels, 881). COLORADO. 519. H. parvifolia Nutt. SMALL-LEAVED ALUM-ROOT. Common on banks in the mesas, foothills, and mountains throughout, 5700-12000 ft. (Daniels, 98). Also at Ward and Caribou (Rydberg). ALBERTA to OREGON ; NEW MEXICO to ARIZONA. 211. SAXIFRAGA L. SAXIFRAGE. 520. S. debilis Engelm. WEAK SAXIFRAGE. Wet rocks, Massif de T Arapahoe, 9000-13000 ft. (Ryd- berg). MONTANA to COLORADO and UTAH. 212. MICRANTHES Haw. 521. M. rhomboidea (Greene) Small [Saxifraga rhomboi- dea Greene]. RHOMBOID-LEAVED SAXIFRAGE. Among rocks in the foothills and mountains, Flagstaff Hill, 6000 ft. (Daniels). Also Massif de V Arapahoe, 12000 ft., and Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg). Near Long's Peak (Coulter in Wabash College Herb.). Saxifraga nivalis L., re- ported by Ramaley & Robbins from Redrock lake, 10100 ft., 138 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [286 is probably this plant (cf. Coulter-Nelson's New Manual of Rocky Mountain Botany, p. 240). MONTANA and IDAHO to COLORADO. 522. M. arguta (D. Don) Small [Saxifraga arguta D. Don; S. denudata Nutt. ; S. punctata Hook., in part; not L.]. SMOOTH SAXIFRAGE. In springy places and along streams; mountains between Sunshine and Ward; Massif de 1' Arapahoe (Rydberg). Streams near Bloomerville, and on Arapahoe Peak, 9000- 12000 ft. (Daniels, 308). MONTANA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; NEW MEXICO to CALI- FORNIA. 213. LEPTASEA Haw. 523. L. chrysantha (Gray) Small [Saxifraga chrysantha Gray]. GOLDEN SAXIFRAGE. Toward summit of Arapahoe Peak, 13000-13500 ft. (Dan- iels, 949, collected by Mrs. T. D. A. Cockerell). COLORADO and NEW MEXICO. 524. L. Hirculus (L.) Small [Saxifraga Hirculus L.]. ARC- TIC SAXIFRAGE. In wet places at Caribou (Rydberg). Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley & Robbins). GREENLAND to ALASKA; COLORADO to BRITISH COLUMBIA: EUROPE: ASIA. 525. L. austromontana (Wieg.) Small [Saxifraga bronchia- les Torr. ; not L. ; 5. austromontana Wieg.] . WESTERN MOUNTAIN SAXIFRAGE. On rocky ledges, Boulder Canon above the Falls; at Sun- set; and above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 7000-13000 ft. (Daniels, 542). Also at Caribou; South Boulder Peak; moun- tains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg). ALBERTA to BRITISH COLUMBIA ; NEW MEXICO to WASHING- TON. 526. L. flagellaris (Willd.) Small [Saxifraga flagellaris Willd.]. FLAGELLATE SAXIFRAGE. Massif de T Arapahoe, 10000-13500 ft. (Rydberg). GREENLAND to ALASKA; COLORADO to ARIZONA. 287] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 139 Family 55. PARNASSIACEAE Dumort. Grass of Parnassus family. 214. PARNASSIA L. GRASS OF PARNASSUS. 527. P. fimbriata Banks. FIMBRIATE GRASS OF PARNASSUS. Springs and springy places, Caribou (Rydberg). ALBERTA to ALASKA ; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA. Family 56. HYDRANGE ACE AE Dumort. Hydrangea family. 215. EDWINIA Heller. JAMESIA. 528. E. Americana (T. & G.) Heller [Jamesia Americana T. & G.]. AMERICAN JAMESIA. Abundant in the foothills and mountains in rocky and clivose places, 5700-10000 ft. (Daniels, 138). Also at Ward; in the mountains between Sunshine and Ward; and from Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg). WYOMING and UTAH to NEW MEXICO. Family 57. GROSSULARIACEAE Dumort. Gooseberry family. 216. EIBES L. GOOSEBERRY. CURRANT. 529. R. Purpusi Koehne. PURPUS'S GOOSEBERRY. Common in mountain canons, 6000-10000 ft. (Daniels, 290). Also in the mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Ryd- berg). WYOMING to NEW MEXICO. 530. K. vallicola Greene. VALLEY GOOSEBERRY. Along streams and in gulches, 5000-9000 ft., St. Vrain creek below Lyons; Pine Glade School (Ramaley). MONTANA to WASHINGTON; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA. 531. R. lentum (Jones) Coville & Rose [R. lacustre molle Gray] . WESTERN RED CURRANT. Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg). WYOMING and COLORADO to CALIFORNIA. 532. R. parvuhun (Gray) Rydb. [R. lacustre parvulum Gray]. SMALL BLACK CURRANT. Moist places, 8000 to 11500 ft.; Redrock lake, west of Ward; Fourth of July mine (Ramaley). ALBERTA and YUKON to COLORADO and UTAH. I4O UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [288 533- &• pumilum Nutt. [R. cereum Coulter, in part] . SMALL WAX-CURRANT. Abundant on the mesas, foothills, and mountains, 5500-10000 ft. (Daniels, 84). Long's Peak (Coulter in Wabash College Herb.). MONTANA to NEW MEXICO and ARIZONA. 534. E. longiflorum Nutt. [R. aureum T. & G. ; not Pursh] . LONG-FLOWERED GOLDEN CURRANT. Along stream in mesa at the foot of Flagstaff Hill, 5700 ft. (Daniels, 600). SOUTH DAKOTA to WYOMING; KANSAS to ARIZONA. 535. R. vulgare Lam. RED CURRANT. Escaped into a thicket about a pond near Boulder, 5400 ft. (Daniels, 265). LABRADOR to ALASKA ; NEW JERSEY to INDIANA and MINNE- SOTA: EUROPE: ASIA. Frequently escaped from cultivation in all temperate regions. Family 58. ROSACEAE Juss. Rose family. 217. OPTTLASTER Medic. NINE-BARKS. 536. 0. intermedius Rydb. [0. Missouriensis Daniels]. IN- TERMEDIATE NINE-BARKS. Canons in the foothills, 5700-6500 ft. (Daniels, 74). Lower Boulder Canon, 5600-7000 ft. (Rydberg). ILLINOIS to SOUTH DAKOTA ; MISSOURI to COLORADO. 537. 0. Ramaleyi Aven Nelson [O. bracteatus Rydb.]. RAM- ALEY^S NINE-BARKS. Canons in the foothills, 5600-6500 ft. (Daniels, 693). COLORADO. 538. 0. glabratus Rydb. GLABROUS NINE-BARKS. Boulder, along streams, 5000-11000 ft. (Rydberg). COLORADO. 539. 0. monogynus (Torr.) Kuntze [Physocarpus Torreyi Max.]. TORREY'S NINE-BARKS. Rocky canons in the foothills, 6000-7000 ft. (Daniels, 450). SOUTH DAKOTA to WYOMING ; NEW MEXICO to NEVADA. 289] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 14! 218. BOSSEKIA Necker. SALMON-BERRY. 540. B. parviflora (Nutt.) Greene [Rubus Nutkanus Mog. ; Rubacer parviflorus (Nutt-) Rydb.]. NUTKA SOUND SALMON-BERRY. Local in deep wooded canons in the foothills and mountains, 6500-9000 ft. (Daniels, 533). Near Long's Peak (Porter & Coulter). ONTARIO to ALASKA ; NEW MEXICO to CALIFORNIA and MEX- ICO. 219. OREOBATUS Rydb. FLOWERING RASPBERRY. 541. 0. deliciosus (James) Rydb. [Rubus deliciosus James]. SAVORY FLOWERING RASPBERRY. Abundant throughout the higher mesas, the foothills and the mountains, 5500-10000 ft. (Daniels, 29). COLORADO. 220. RUBUS L. BRAMBLE. 542. R. Americanus (Pers.) Britton [R. triflorus Richard- son]. DWARF RASPBERRY. Deep canons on north slope of Green Mt, 64008000 ft. (Daniels, 345). Not in Rydberg's Flora. NEWFOUNDLAND to MANITOBA; NEW JERSEY to COLORADO. 221. BATEDAEA Dumort. RED RASPBERRY. 543. B, laetissima Greene. WILD RED RASPBERRY. Common in gulches in the mesas and foothills, 5500-8000 ft. (Daniels, 212). LABRADOR to MACKENZIE; NEW JERSEY to COLORADO. 222. TRIDOPHYLLUM Necker. FIVE-FINGER. CIN- QUEFOIL. 544. T. paradoxum (Nutt.) Greene [Potentilla paradoxa Nutt.]. BUSHY CINQUEFOIL. Wet places and along streams, ascending in Sunset Canon to about 7000 ft., 5100-7000 ft. (Daniels, 241). PENNSYLVANIA and ONTARIO to WASHINGTON; MISSOURI. to NEW MEXICO and MEXICO: EASTERN ASIA. 142 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [290 545. T. leucocarpum (Rydb.) Cockerell. Nov. comb. [Poten- tllla leucocarpa Rydb.] . WHITE-SEEDED CINQUEFOIL. Wet places in the plains and ascending in the canons to a considerable distance into the mountain region, 5100-7000 (Bear Canon) ft. (Daniels, 826). ILLINOIS to WASHINGTON ; NEW MEXICO to CALIFORNIA. 546. T. lateriflorum (Rydb.) Cockerell. Nov. comb. [Poten- tilla lateriflora Rydb.]. LATERAL-FLOWERED CINQUEFOIL. Foothills at Boulder, 6000-8000 ft. (Daniels, 238). ASSINIBOIA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; COLORADO to ARIZONA. 547. T. Monspeliense (L.) Greene [P. Norvegica hirsuta T. & G. ; P. Monspeliensis L.]. ROUGH CINQUEFOIL. Common in meadows in the plains, mesas, and foothills, and in aspen bogs in the mountains, 5100-8600 (Eldora) ft. (Dan- iels, 117). LABRADOR to ALASKA; SOUTH CAROLINA to ARIZONA and MEXICO: EUROPE: ASIA. 223. POTENTILLA L. FIVE-FINGER. CINQUEFOIL. 548. P. concinna Richardson [P. humifusa Nutt.]. GROUND CINQUEFOIL. Mountainsides at Eldora, and bald ridges at Glacier Lake, 8600-10000 ft. (Daniels, 989). Also Long's Peak (Porter & Coulter; and Coulter in Wabash College Herb.). Redrock lake, loioo ft. (Ramaley & Robbins). SASKATCHEWAN to ALBERTA ; COLORADO to UTAH. 549. P. dissecta Pursh [P. diversifolia Lehm.]. CUT- LEAVED CINQUEFOIL. Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11500-13000 ft. (Daniels, 933). Also at Caribou (Rydberg). Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley & Robbins). SASKATCHEWAN to BRITISH COLUMBIA; COLORADO to CALI- FORNIA. 550. P. glaucopyhylla Lehm. [P. dissecta glaucophylla (Lehm.) S. Wats.]. GLAUCOUS CUT-LEAVED CINQUEFOIL. At Caribou, 9900 ft. (Rydberg). ROCKY MOUNTAINS. 291] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 143 551. P. pulcherrima Lehm. FAIREST CINQUEFOIL. Aspen bogs and subalpine meadows at Eldora and Glacier Lake, 8000-10000 ft. (Daniels, 630). SASKATCHEWAN to ALBERTA; NEW MEXICO to NEVADA. 552. P. Pennsylvania strigosa Pursh. VILLOUS PENNSYL- VANIA CINQUEFOIL. Common on the plains and in mountain meadows, 5100-8000 ft. (Daniels, 31). HUDSON BAY to ALBERTA ; KANSAS to NEW MEXICO : SIBERIA 552a. P. Pennsylvanica arachnoidea Lehm. ARACHNOID PENNSYLVANIA CINQUEFOIL. Near Boulder, 5000-8000 ft. (Rydberg). MONTANA to UTAH ; NEW MEXICO to ARIZONA. 553. P. minutifolia Rydb. MINUTE-LEAVED CINQUEFOIL. High peaks, Eldora to Baltimore, 9000-13000 ft. (Rydberg). COLORADO. 554. P. Hippiana Lehm. WOOLLY CINQUEFOIL. Plains, mesas, and mountain meadows, 5100-10000 ft. (Dan- iels, 433). MINNESOTA to SASKATCHEWAN and ALBERTA; NEW MEX- ICO to ARIZONA. 555. P. propinqua Rydb. [P. Hippiana diffusa Lehm.]. DIF- FUSE CINQUEFOIL. Plains, mesas, and mountain meadows, 5700-10000 ft. (Dan- iels, 206). Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley & Robbins). COLORADO to NEW MEXICO and ARIZONA. 556. P. effusa Dougl. BRANCHED CINQUEFOIL. Plains, mesas, and mountain ridges, 5100-10000 ft. (Dan- iels, 287). ASSINIBOIA to MONTANA; thence to NEW MEXICO. 224. FRAGAB1A L. STRAWBERRY. 557. F. bracteata Heller. BRACTED STRAWBERRY. Common in canons in the foothills and mountains, 6300- nooo ft. (Daniels, 291). MONTANA to BRITISH COLUMBIA ; NEW MEXICO to CALIFOR- NIA. 144 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [292 558. F. Americana (Porter) Britton [F. vesca Americana Porter ]. AMERICAN STRAWBERRY. At Boulder, 5400 ft. (Rydberg). NEWFOUNDLAND to MANITOBA; VIRGINIA to NEW MEXICO and OREGON. 558^. F. prolifica Baker & Rydb. PROLIFIC STRAWBERRY. Boulder Canon, 8500 ft. (Coulter in Wabash College Herb.). COLORADO. 559. F. glauca (S. Wats.) Rydb. GLAUCOUS STRAWBERRY. Mountainsides at Eldora, 8600 ft. (Daniels, 850). Redrock lake, loioo ft. (Ramaley & Robbins). MACKENZIE to MONTANA ; SOUTH DAKOTA to COLORADO and NEVADA. 560. F. pauciflora Rydb. SMALL-FLOWERED STRAWBERRY. North Boulder Peak (Rydberg). Boulder Canon, 8500 ft. (Coulter in Wabash College Herb.). HUDSON BAY to ALBERTA; COLORADO to UTAH. 225. SIBBALDIA L. 561. S. procumbens L. PROCUMBENT SIBBALDIA. Above timberline in dry tundras near the snow, 11500-13500 ft., Arapahoe Peak (Daniels, 912'). Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley & Robbins). Arctic-alpine around the world. 226. DASIPHORA Raf. 562. D. fruticosa (L.) Rydb. [Potentilla fruticasa L.]. SHRUBBY CINQUEFOIL. Subalpine bogs, mostly in aspen zone; but also in bogs in the plains and mesas, 5600-10000 ft. (Daniels, 541). LABRADOR to ALASKA ; NEW JERSEY to CALIFORNIA : EUROPE : ASIA. 227. DRYMOCALUS Fourr. 563. D. arguta (Pursh) Rydb. [Potentilla arguta Pursh]. TALL CINQUEFOIL. On the plains and mesas, the flowers yellow as well as white, 293] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 145 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 432). St. Vrain Canon (Porter & Coulter). NEW BRUNSWICK to MACKENZIE; DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA to COLORADO. 564. D. fissa (Nutt.) Rydb. [Potentilla fissa Nutt.]. LARGE- FLOWERED GLANDULAR CINQUEFOIL. Common in the mesas, foothills, and mountains throughout, 5700-12000 ft. (Daniels, 30). St. Vrain Canon 7000 ft., and Boulder Canon (Coulter in Wabash College Herb.). MONTANA to COLORADO. 228. GEUM L. AVENS. 565. G. strictum Ait. YELLOW AVENS. In Bear Canon, 7000 ft. (Daniels, 637). NEWFOUNDLAND to BRITISH COLUMBIA; PENNSYLVANIA to ARIZONA and MEXICO : EUROPE : ASIA. 566. G. Oregonense (Scheutz) Rydb. [G. urbanum Oregon- ense Scheutz]. OREGON AVENS. Mountain meadows and canons, 6000-10000 ft. (Daniels, 634). Also at Arapahoe Pass and Eldora (Rydberg). MACKENZIE to BRITISH COLUMBIA; NEW MEXICO to CALI- FORNIA. 567. G. scopulorum Greene. ROCKY MOUNTAIN AVENS. In canons and gulches about springs, 5700-9000 ft. (Dan- iels, 68). ROCKY MOUNTAINS. 229. ERYTHROCOMA Greene. PURPLE MOUNTAIN AVENS. 568. E. ciliata (Pursh) Greene [Geum ciliatum Pursh ; Sie- versia ciliata (Pursh) Don; G. triflorum Pursh]. THREE- FLOWERED MOUNTAIN AVENS. Subalpine and alpine meadows at Eldora, 8000-12000 ft. (Daniels, 627). Also at Arapahoe Pass (Rydberg). Near Long's Peak (Porter & Coulter). LABRADOR to BRITISH COLUMBIA ; NEW YORK to CALIFORNIA and MEXICO. 146 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [294 230. ACOMASTYLIS Greene. YELLOW MOUNTAIN AVENS. 569. A. turbinata (Rydb.) Greene [Geum turbinatum (Rydb) ; Sieversia turbinata (Rydb.) Greene]. TURBINATE MOUN- TAIN AVENS. Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11500-13500 ft. (Dan- iels, 877). WYOMING to NEW MEXICO and ARIZONA. 570. A. Arapahoensis Daniels. Nov. spec. ARAPAHOE YELLOW MOUNTAIN AVENS. Plant 20- 30 cm. high, the stems (about three in number) puberulent, becoming softly hairy or villous above ; basal leaves ascending, about i dm. long and 3 cm. wide, pinnate, the lower pinnae narrowly falcate, entire, the others mainly ovate in outline, deeply cut into 2- 7 cuneate lobes, but with occasional little, simple pinnae interspersed with the larger ones; leaves puberulent or glabrate, the margins softly ciliate with white hairs ; rhachis about 3 mm. broad, the base of the petiole about i cm. broad, becoming chaffy and sheathing the stems; lower half of stem leafless, the upper half bearing two leaves, 2^2- 3 cm. long, pinnately parted into about 10 narrow lobes, the lowermost broad, stipule-like, and sheathing the stem; pe- duncles softly hairy, 3- 4 in number, subtended by leaves closely resembling the two stem leaves, but smaller, the peduncles themselves occasionally bearing i or 2 bracts, simple or 2- 5 pinnately incised ; flowers 2- 2,y2 cm. wide, bright yellow, the petals broadly obovate, five in number; sepals and bract- lets villous at base, 5 each, spreading, becoming erect in fruit or the tips reflexed in age; sepals broadly triangular, about twice as high as the narrower bractlets; stamens numerous; styles included in fruit, glabrate; achenes softly villous with white hairs. Foliage, stems, sepals and bractlets purple-tinged. The plant differs from A. turbinata (Rydb.) Greene, in its larger size, its softly hairy upper portion, its 3- 4 flowered stems, its broader sepals, which are much longer than the bractlets, and in its larger flowers. This is probably the 295] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 147 Geum Rossii humilis of Coulter's Manual, but genuine G. Rossii humilis T. & G. comes no nearer than Unalaska, the type locality. A. turbinata (Rydb.) Greene is a low plant, 7-15 cm. high, usually I- flowered. At timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11500 ft. (Daniels, 906). 231. HOLODISCTJS Max. MEADOWSWEET. 571. H. dumosus (Nutt.) Heller. [Spiraea dumosa Nutt.]. BUSHY MEADOWSWEET. Boulder County (McFarland). WYOMING and UTAH to COLORADO and ARIZONA. 232. KTTNZIA Spreng. PURSHIA. 572. K tridentata (Pursh) Spreng. [Purshia tridentata (Pursh) DC.]. THREE-TOOTHED PURSHIA. Rocky hillsides, 6500-8500 ft.; head of Gregory Canon; north of Nederland (Ramaley). Boulder Canon, 9000 ft. (Coulter in Wabash College Herb.). MONTANA to WASHINGTON; NEW MEXICO to CALIFORNIA. 233. CERCOCARPUS H. B. K. MOUNTAIN MAHOG- ANY. 573. C. parvifolius Nutt. SMALL-LEAVED MOUNTAIN MAHOG- ANY. High mesas fronting the Flat-irons, 5700-6000 ft. (Dan- iels, 172). Also from Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg). SOUTH DAKOTA to MONTANA; NEW MEXICO to UTAH. 234. DRYAS L. 574. D. octopetala L. WHITE MOUNTAIN AVENS. Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11500-13500 ft. (Dan- iels, 939). Also mountains south of Ward (Rydberg). Arctic-alpine around the world. 235. AGRBIONIA L. AGRIMONY. 575. A. Brittoniana occidentalis Bickn. WESTERN AGRIMONY. Plains, and canons among the foothills, 5100-7500 (Bear Canon) ft. (Daniels, 259). SOUTH DAKOTA to WYOMING ; NEW MEXICO to ARIZONA. 148 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [296 I. ROSA L. ROSE. BRIER. 576. R. pratincola Greene. PRAIRIE ROSE. Common on the plains and mesas, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 58). MINNESOTA to ALBERTA; KANSAS to COLORADO. 576a. R. pratincola angustiarum Cockerell, n. var. CASTLE ROCK ROSE. Boulder Canon, 7340 ft. (near Castle Rock), Sept. 22, 1907, growing close to R. Engelmanni Wats. Low bush. Flowers corymbose, often four together. Sepals foliolar-tipped, narrow tomentose, with scattered large dark marginal stalked glands, these last present or absent on same branch. No lateral lobes. Length of sepals prox. 17 mm. Sepals in fruit erect. Fruit depressed globose, very shiny, with no sign of a neck. {Long, (mm.) n. 9%. n. 10. 10. Meas- ured while fresh. Lat. (mm.) 13. n. 12. 10 ^,. 10%. Twigs and peduncles deep crimson. Penduncles minutely hairy. Branches with straw colored, fairly numerous, straight slen- der prickles, the larger ones about 7 mm., long; infrastipular prickles normally absent. Stipules broad, to Sy2 mm., margins dentate, more or less glandular. Leaflets: a series of leaves counted showed leaflets: n. 9. 9. 10. 9. 9. 7. 5. ii. 9. 11. 9. 9. ii. 9. 9. n. 11. 9- 3> Leaflets; cuneate basally, simply and strongly toothed, very finely but closely pubescent beneath. Terminal leaflet long. 26., lat. 13^ mm. Frequently one or two leaflets from between auricles of sti- pules, as in R. suffulta. Stipules convolute as in R. Woodsii, but leaves not shining. (Cockerell, MS., Oct. 1907.) 576b. R. pratincola setulosa Cockerell. N. var. Fruit bristly. Bluebell Canon (Cockerell), 1910. 297] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 149 577. R. Sayi Schweinitz. SAY'S ROSE. Common throughout the mesas, foothills and lower moun- tainsides, 5500-10000 ft. (Daniels, 47). Also Eldora to Balti- more (Rydberg). Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley & Rob- bins). QUEBEC to ALBERTA ; MICHIGAN to COLORADO and NEW MEXICO. 578. R. Engelmannii S. Wats. ENGELMANN'S ROSE. High ridges of Green Mt, 7000-8100 ft. (Daniels, 535). Also Boulder Canon above Falls (Cockerell). Eldora; foot of Long's Peak (Ramaley). MICHIGAN to NORTH DAKOTA ; TEXAS to COLORADO. 579. R. melina Greene. ASHEN ROSE. Canons and gulches at foot of Flagstaff Hill, 5700-6000 ft. (Daniels, 102). R. Nutkana Presl., reported by Ramaley from Marshall ; Bluebell Canon ; Gregory Canon ; and Pine Glade School, is probably R. Melina Greene. WYOMING to COLORADO. 580. R. Macounii Greene. MACOUN'S ROSE. Along the railroad between Boulder and Marshall, 5400 ft. (Daniels, 968). R. Woodsu Lindl., reported by Ramaley from Sugarloaf Mt., Bluebird Mine. ; and Spencer Mt. at Eldora, is probably R. Macounii Greene. SOUTH DAKOTA to ALBERTA; KANSAS to COLORADO. 581. R. Fendleri Crepin. FENDLER'S ROSE. Bear Canon, 7000 ft. (Daniels, 205). Also mountains be- tween Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg). Marshall; above Mag- nolia (Ramaley). SOUTH DAKOTA to MONTANA ; NEW MEXICO to ARIZONA. 582. R. aciculata (Cockerell) Cockerell [R. blanda aciculata Cockerell]. PRICKLY ROSE.. Gulches at the foot of the Flat-irons, 5700-6000 ft. (Dan- iels, 462). Also mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Ryd- berg). COLORADO to NEW MEXICO. 150 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [298 583. R. Maximilian! Nees. MAXIMILIAN'S ROSE. Gregory Canon, 5800-6500 ft. (Daniels, 190). SASKATCHEWAN to WASHINGTON ; COLORADO to UTAH. Family 59. MALACEAE Small. Apple family. 237. AMELANCHIER L. SHADBUSH. 584. A. polycarpa Greene. MANY-FRUITED JUNEBERRY. Mountainsides from Eldora to Arapahoe Peak, where it occurs at timberline, 8600-11500 ft. (Daniels, 909). WYOMING to COLORADO. 585. A. elliptica A. Nels. ELLIPTICAL-LEAVED JUNEBERRY. Sugarloaf Mountain (Ramaley). SOUTH DAKOTA to COLORADO. 586. A. alnifolia Nutt. ALDER-LEAVED SHADBUSH. Sunshine Canon and Eldora (Ramaley). NORTH DAKOTA to MONTANA; COLORADO to UTAH. 587. A. oreophila A. Nels. MOUNTAIN SHADBUSH. Mesas and foothills, common, 5700-8100 ft. (Daniels, 501). WYOMING to COLORADO. 238. CRATAEGUS L. HAWTHORN. 588. C. occidentaJis Britton [C. Colorado Ashe]. WESTERN HAW. Banks of gulches in the mesas and lower foothills, 5700- 6000 ft. (Daniels, 835). COLORADO. 589. C. Coloradensis A. Nels. COLORADO HAW. Banks of gulches in the mesas and lower foothills, 5700- 6000 ft. (Daniels, 767). A form from the entrance to Gregory Canon (Daniels, 838) has the petioles not distally widened. NORTH DAKOTA to MONTANA ; NEBRASKA to COLORADO. 299] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 15! 590. C. erythropoda Ashe, 1900 [C. Cerronis A. Nels., 1902-]. CERRO HAW. Banks of gulches in the mesas and lower foothills, 5700-6000 ft. (Daniels, 794). COLORADO. 591. C. Doddsii Ramaley. DODOS' s HAW. Pole Canon (the type locality) ; also various localities in Boulder Co., 5000-8000 ft. (Ramaley). COLORADO. 592. C. Coloradoides Ramaley. FALSE COLORADO HAW. Pole Canon (the type locality) ; also gulches in the lower foot-hills, 5500-7000 ft. (Ramaley). COLORADO. 239. SORBITS L. MOUNTAIN ASH. 593. S. scopulina Greene. ROCKY MOUNTAIN MOUNTAIN ASH. At entrance of Bear Canon and very sparingly throughout the mountainous region, 6000-10000 ft. (Daniels, 764). ALBERTA to WASHINGTON ; COLORADO to UTAH. Family 60. AMYGDALACEAE Reichenb. Peach family. 240. PRTJNTTS L. PLUM. CHERRY. 594. P. Americana Marsh. AMERICAN WILD PLUM. Mesas and lower foothills, 5700-7000 ft. (Daniels, 795). NEW YORK to MONTANA ; FLORIDA to COLORADO. 595. P. prunella Daniels. Nov. sp. PYGMY PLUM. Undershrub, thornless, trailing or ascending, 3-6 dm. high with grayish bark, the new twigs reddish; fruits lateral, soli- tary in the specimens secured, on slender pedicels I cm. long; drupes oblong, i{A-iy2 cm. long and I cm. wide when dried, black-purple with but slight traces of bloom; pulp red-purple, astringent but sweet and edible; stone oblong 12 mm. long by 7 mm. wide, bean-shaped, flattish, rugose, the margins slightly winged, the ends plainly so; leaves lanceolate, 3-5 cm. long including the petiole, and 12-15 mm. wide in the middle, sharply but not deeply serrate, entire toward the acuminate 152 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [300 base; upper surfaces glossy green, under surfaces paler, the midrib white and shining both above and below. Flowers not seen. Mesa at entrance of Gregory Canon and facing the first Flat-iron, scarce; 5700-6000 ft. (Daniels, 654). A true plum, having perhaps as its nearest ally P. Watsoni Sargent. Specific name the diminutive of Prunus. 596. P. Besseyi Bailey. BESSEY^S SAND CHERRY. One- fourth mile above Chautauqua grounds, Boulder, (Beth- el). Also White Rocks (Ramaley). NORTH DAKOTA to KANSAS and COLORADO. 597. P. Pennsylvania L. f. WILD RED CHERRY. Common throughout, 5100-9500 ft. (Daniels, 327). Also mountains between Sunshine and Ward and from Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg). NEWFOUNDLAND to NORTH DAKOTA; GEORGIA to COLORADO. 598. P. melanocarpa (A. Nels.) Rydb. [Cerasus demissa melanocarpa A. Nels.] BLACK-FRUITED WESTERN -WILD CHERRY. Common along canons throughout the mesas and foothills, 5600-8500 ft. (Daniels, 465). NORTH DAKOTA to ALBERTA and BRITISH COLUMBIA; NEW MEXICO to CALIFORNIA. Family 61. FABACEAE Reichenb. Bean family. 241. SOPHOKA L. 599. S. sericea Nutt. SILKY SOPHORA. Alkaline flats about Owen's lake, 5200 ft. (Daniels, 664). SOUTH DAKOTA to WYOMING; TEXAS to ARIZONA. 242. THERMOPSIS R. Br. 600. T. pinetomm Greene. PINELAND THERMOPSIS. Marshall, 5400 ft. (Daniels, 273). Open woodlands and hill- sides, Boulder (Rydberg). COLORADO to NEW MEXICO. 3Ol] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 153 60 1. T. divaricarpa A. Nels. DIVARICATE-PODDED THERMOP- sis. Abundant throughout the mesas, foothills, and mountains, 5600-11000 ft. (Daniels, 109). Also from Eldora to Balti- more (Rydberg). WYOMING to COLORADO. 602. T. arenosa A. Nels. SAND THERMOPSIS. In sandy soil, Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg). Redrock lake, loioo ft. (Ramaley & Robbins). SASKATCHEWAN and MONTANA to COLORADO. 243. LUPINUS L. LUPINE. 603. L. Plattensis S. Wats. PLATTE LUPINE. Abundant on the plains, mesas, and foothills, 5100-8000 ft. (Daniels, 48). NEBRASKA and WYOMING to COLORADO. 604. L. rubricaulis Greene. RED-STEMMED LUPINE. Mesas and foothills, 5600-8000 ft. (Daniels, 394). COLORADO. 604^2. L. alpestris A. Nels. [L. alsophilus Greene]. ALPINE LUPINE. Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley & Robbins). MONTANA to COLORADO and UTAH. 605. L. parviflorus Nutt. SMALL-FLOWERED LUPINE. Among pines, Gregory Canon and slopes of Green Moun- tain, 6000-8000 ft. (Daniels, 344). SOUTH DAKOTA to MONTANA; COLORADO to UTAH, 606. L. decumbens Torr. [L. argenteus decumbens (Torr.) Gray; L. leptostachys Greene]. DECUMBENT LUPINE. Common in the plains and foothills, 5100-9000 ft. (Dan- iels, 704). NEBRASKA to MONTANA and OREGON ; COLORADO to CALIFOR- NIA. 154 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [302 6o6a. I. decumbens argentatus Rydb. SILVERY DECUMBENT LUPINE. Plains, foothills, and mountain slopes, 5100-9000 ft. (Dan- iels, 131). Also between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg). WYOMING to COLORADO. 244. TRIFOIIUM L. CLOVER. 607. T. pratense L. RED CLOVER. Throughout the cultivated area, 5100-8500 ft. (Daniels, 744). EUROPE and ASIA, thence cultivated and naturalized in all temperate lands. 608. T. hybridum L. ALSIKE CLOVER. Roadsides and fields about Boulder, 5100-5700 ft. (Dan- iels, 244). Not in Rydberg's Flora. EUROPE, thence to all temperate lands. 609. T. repens L. WHITE CLOVER. SHEEP CLOVER. Common throughout the cultivated area, whence it has pen- etrated to distant canons in the foothills, 5100-7500 ft. (Dan- iels, 500). EUROPE : SIBERIA : SUB-ARCTIC AMERICA ; now in the greater part of NORTH AMERICA. 6 10. T. lividum Rydb. LIVID CLOVER. Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11500-13000 ft. (Dan- iels, 1019). WYOMING to COLORADO. 611. T. dasyphyllum Torr. GRAY CLOVER. Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11500-13000 ft. (Dan- iels, 874). Also Eldora to Baltimore and in the mountains south of Ward (Rydberg). MONTANA to COLORADO. 245. MEDICA Hill. LUCERNE. 612. M. sativa (L.) Hill [Medicago sativa L.]. ALFALFA. Throughout the cultivated area, and extending into the mountains along the roads and railroads, 5100-7000 ft. (Dan- iels, 509). EUROPE, thence to all temperate lands. 303] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 155 246. MELICAGO L. MEDIC. 613. M. lupulina L. HOP MEDIC. Streets of Boulder, and about the quarries at the base of the Flat-irons, 5300-6000 ft. (Daniels, 658). Not in Ryd- berg's Flora. EUROPE and ASIA, becoming cosmopolitan. 247. MELILOTTJS Juss. SWEET CLOVER, MELILOT. 614. M. alba Desv. WHITE SWEET CLOVER. Throughout the cultivated area, and abundant along rail- roads, 5100-7000 ft. (Daniels, 591). EUROPE and ASIA, thence to NORTH AMERICA. 615. M. officinalis (L.) Lam. YELLOW MELILOT. Streets and waste places, and about the quarries at the base of the Flat-irons, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 657). EUROPE and ASIA, thence to NORTH AMERICA. 248. GEOPRUMNON Rydb. GROUND PLUM. 616. G. succulentum (Richardson) Rydb. [Astragalus succu- lentus Richardson; A. prunifer Rydb.]. SUCCULENT GROUND PLUM. Plains and foothills about Boulder, 5100-7000 ft. (Daniels). SASKATCHEWAN to MONTANA; SOUTH DAKOTA to COLO- RADO. 249. ASTRAGALUS L. MILK VETCH. 617. A. Canadensis L. [A. Carolinianus L.]. CANADA MILK VETCH. Frequent on the plains, mesas, and along canons in the foot- hills, 5100-7000 (Green Mt.) ft. (Daniels, 461). QUEBEC to BRITISH COLUMBIA; FLORIDA to CALIFORNIA. 618. A. oreophilus Rydb. MOUNTAIN MILK VETCH. Plains, mesas, and foothills, local, 5100-8000 ft. (Daniels, 124). COLORADO^ 156 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [304 619. A. nitidus Dougl. SHINING MILK VETCH. Canons, north slope of Green Mt., 7000 ft. (Daniels, 278). SASKATCHEWAN to ALBERTA and OREGON; MINNESOTA to COLORADO. 620. A. sulphurescens Rydb. SULPHUR MILK VETCH. Gregory Canon, and canons on Green Mt., 6000-75°° ft- (Daniels, 613). Also Boulder Canon and near Boulder (Ryd- berg). Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley & Robbins). COLORADO. 621. A. virgnltatus Sheld. [A. hypoglottis bracteosus Osterh.]. BUSHY MILK VETCH. At Boulder, 5000-8000 ft. (Rydberg). WYOMING to COLORADO. 622. A. goniatus Nutt. [A. hypoglottis polyspermus T. & G.]. PURPLE MILK VETCH. Abundant on the plains, mesas, and along streams in the foothills, 5100-9000 ft. (Daniels, 5). SASKATCHEWAN to WASHINGTON ; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA. 250. TIUM Medic. 623. T. Drummondii (Dougl.) Rydb. [Astragalus Drum- mondii Dougl.]. DRUMMOND'S MILK VETCH. Mesas and foothills, 5700-8000 ft. (Daniels, 76). Valmont (Coulter in Wabash College Herb.). SASKATCHEWAN to ALBERTA; NEBRASKA to COLORADO. 624. T. alpinum (L.) Rydb. [Astragalus alpinus L.]. AL- PINE MILK VETCH. Boulder Canon above Falls; Eldora and along the Arap- ahoe Trail to timberline, 7000-11500 ft. (Daniels, 857). LABRADOR to ALASKA; VERMONT to COLORADO: NORTHERN EUROPE and ASIA. 251. ATELOPHRAGMA Rydb. 625. A. elegans (Hook.) Rydb. [Phaca elegans Hook. ; Astrag- alus oroboides Americanus Gray]. PRETTY MILK VETCH. About Eldora and along the Arapahoe Trail to timberline and beyond, 8600-13000 ft. (Daniels, 1020). LABRADOR and QUEBEC to SASKATCHEWAN; IDAHO to COLO- RADO. 305] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 157 252. XYLOPHACOS Rydb. 626. X. Parryi (Gray) Rydb. [Astragalus Parryi Gray]. PAR- RY'S MILK VETCH. On rocks, Gregory Canon road and other bare ridges in the foothills, 5900-9000 ft. (Daniels, 638). WYOMING to COLORADO. 627. X. Shortianus (Nutt.) Rydb. [Astragalus Shorhanus Nutt.]. SHORT'S MILK VETCH. Dry plains, mesas, and ridges in the foothills, 5100-9000 ft. (Daniels, 35). NEBRASKA to WYOMING; COLORADO to ARIZONA. 253. HOMALOBTJS Nutt. 628. H. tenellus (Pursh) Britton [Astragalus tenellus Pursh; A. multiflorus (Pursh) Gray]. SLENDER MILK VETCH. Boulder Canon above Falls and at Eldora, 7000-10000 ft. (Daniels, 539). Also at Ward, and mountains between Sun- shine and Ward (Rydberg). SASKATCHEWAN to YUKON; MINNESOTA and NEBRASKA to COLORADO and NEVADA. 629. H. decumbens Nutt. [Astragalus decumbens Gray] . DE- CUMBENT MILK VETCH. Valley lying west of South Boulder Peak and Bear Moun- tain, 7000-7500 ft. (Daniels, 444). WYOMING to COLORADO. 630. H. campestris Nutt. [Astragalus campestris Gray; A. convallarlus Greene]. PLAINS MILK VETCH. Meadows on Green Mountain, 6500-8100 ft. (Daniels, 316). MONTANA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; COLORADO to UTAH. 631. H. flexnosus (Dougl.) Rydb. [Phaca flexuosa (Dougl.) Hook.; Astragalus flexuosus Dougl.]. FLEXILE MILK VETCH. Near Boulder (Rydberg). SASKATCHEWAN to ALBERTA; MINNESOTA to KANSAS and COLORADO. 158 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [306 632. H. Salidae Rydb. SALIDA MILK VETCH. Plains in Boulder, 5600 ft. (Daniels, 4). COLORADO. 254. OROPHACA Britton. 633. 0. tridactylica (Gray) Rydb. [Astragalus tridactyticus Gray]. THREE-FINGERED MILK VETCH. St. Vrain's Canon (Rydberg; also Coulter in Wabash College Herb.). COLORADO. 255. ABAGALLUS Necker. LOCO-WEED. 634. A. deflexus (Pall.) Heller [Oxytropis deflexa (Pall.) DC.]. DEFLEXED LOCO-WEED* Boulder Canon; also in subalpine meadows about Eldora and along the Arapahoe Trail, 6000-11000 ft. (Daniels, 808). SASKATCHEWAN and ALASKA to NEW MEXICO. 634^. A multiceps (Nutt) Heller [Oxytropis multiceps Nutt.]. CESPITOSE LOCO-WEED. Boulder Canon, 9000 ft. (Coulter in Wabash College Herb.). Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley & Robbins). NEBRASKA to WYOMING and COLORADO. 635. A. minor (Gray) Cockerell. Nov. comb. [Oxytropis multiceps minor Gray; A. multiceps minor (Gray) A. Nels.]. LITTLE LOCO-WEED. Sugarloaf, 8500 ft. (Cockerell). Also mountains between Sunshine and Ward, and at Caribou (Rydberg). COLORADO. 636. A. patens Rydb. BROAD-LEAVED LOCO-WEED. Plains and foothills near Boulder; below Sunshine and Ward; Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg). Common throughout, 5500-9000 ft. (Daniels, 333). Boulder is the type locality. COLORADO. 307] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 159 637. A. Lambert! (Pursh) Greene [Oxytropis Lamberti Pursh; Spiesia Lamberti (Pursh) Kuntze]. LAMBERT'S LOCO-WEED. Abundant on the plains, mesas, foothills, and in subalpine meadows, 5100-9000 ft. (Daniels, 15). Also on the mountains between Sunshine and Ward, and from Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg). Saint Vrain creek (Coulter in Wabash College Herb.). MINNESOTA to MONTANA; MISSOURI to COLORADO. 638. A. sericeus (Nutt.) Greene [Oxytropis sericea Nutt.; Spiesia Lamberti sericea (Nutt.) Rydb.] SILKY LOCO- WEED. With the preceding, 5100-9000 ft. (Daniels, 43). NORTH DAKOTA to WYOMING; NEW MEXICO to ARIZONA. 639. A. Eichardsonii (Hook.) Greene [Oxytropis splendens Richardsonii Hook.]. RICHARDSON'S LOCO-WEED. In mountain valleys from Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg). SASKATCHEWAN to YUKON ; and in the ROCKY MOUNTAINS to COLORADO. 256. GLYCYRRHIZA L. WILD LIQUORICE. 640. G-. lepidota Nutt. SCALY WILD LIQUORICE. Common along roads and railroads, and in the larger canons, and on the plains throughout, 5100-8000 ft. (Daniels, 160). ONTARIO to WASHINGTON; NEW YORK to ARIZONA and MEXICO. 257. AMORPHA L. FALSE INDIGO. LEAD PLANT. 641. A. fruticosa L. SHRUBBY FALSE INDIGO. Along streams and in gulches in the mesas and plains, 5100- 6000 ft. (Daniels, 50). Not in Rydberg's Flora. Prof. Ram- aley reports A. angustifolia (Pursh) Boynton from Boul- der, but according to Prof. Cocker ell the specimen in the Univ. of Colorado Herbarium is A. fruticosa L. OHIO to MANITOBA ; FLORIDA to COLORADO and CHIHUAHUA. l6o UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [308 642. A. nana Nutt. [A. microphylla Pursh]. SMALL-LEAVED FALSE INDIGO. Dry plains between Boulder and Marshall, 5400 ft. (Dan- iels, 521). IOWA to MANITOBA; MISSOURI to COLORADO. 258. PSORALEA L. INDIAN BREADROOT. POM ME BLANCHE. 643. P. tenuiflora Pursh. FEW-FLOWERED INDIAN BREADROOT. One of the commonest and most characteristic plants of the plains and mesas, and in open meadows on the foothills, 5100-8000 ft. (Daniels, 297). A white-flowered form is oc- casional (Daniels, 297a). MINNESOTA to MONTANA; ILLINOIS to ARKANSAS, TEXAS and ARIZONA. 644. P. argophylk Pursh. SILVER-LEAF INDIAN BREADROOT. Local on the plains and mesas, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 189). WISCONSIN to SASKATCHEWAN; MISSOURI to NEW MEXICO and ARIZONA. 259. PETALOSTEMON Lam. PRAIRIE CLOVER. 645. P. oligophylhis (Torr.) Rydb. [P. gracilis oligophyllus Torr. ; Kuhnistera oligophylla (Torr.) Heller]. SLENDER WHITE PRAIRIE CLOVER. On the plains and mesas, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 161). IOWA to ASSINIBOIA; TEXAS to ARIZONA and MEXICO. 646. P. purpureus (Vent.) Rydb. [P. violaceus Michx. ; Kuh- nistera purpurea (Vent.) MacM.]. VIOLET PRAIRIE CLO- VER. Common on the plains and mesas, 5100-7000 ft. (Daniels). INDIANA to SASKATCHEWAN and ALBERTA; MISSOURI to TEXAS and NEW MEXICO. 647. P. pubescens A. Nelson. HAIRY VIOLET PRAIRIE CLOVER. Plains about Boulder, 5600 ft. (Daniels, 349). COLORADO. 309] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO l6l 260. VICIA L. VETCH. 648. Vicia sparsifolia Nutt. [V. linearis (Nutt.) Greene]. NARROW-LEAVED VETCH. Mesas and gulches about Boulder, 5600-6000 ft. (Daniels, 334). MANITOBA and ALBERTA to IDAHO; KANSAS to CALIFORNIA. 649. V. dissitifolia (Nutt.) Rydb. [Lathyrus dissitifolius Nutt.]. REMOTE-LEAVED VETCH. In gulches and canons in the plains, mesas, and foothills, 5100-9000 ft. (Daniels, 107). NEBRASKA to COLORADO. 650. V. oregana Nutt. MOUNTAIN VETCH. Common throughout in canons and along the banks of streams, 5100-10000 ft. (Daniels, 78). MINNESOTA to SASKATCHEWAN and WASHINGTON; KANSAS to CALIFORNIA. 651. V. producta Rydb. SMALL-FLOWERED MOUNTAIN VETCH. Gulches on east slope of Flagstaff Hill, 6000 ft. (Daniels, 100). COLORADO to UTAH ; NEW MEXICO to CALIFORNIA. 261. LATHYRUS L. VETCHLING. 652. L. leucanthus Rydb. WHITE-FLOWERED VETCHLING. Common in gulches and canons, 5700-7000 ft. (Daniels, 79). COLORADO to NEW MEXICO. 262. APIOS Moench. GROUND NUT. 653. A. Apios Boulderensis Daniels. Nov. var. BOULDER GROUND NUT. Differing from the typical eastern plant chiefly in the some- what larger, thinner long-acuminate leaflets, which are nine as well as seven in number, the somewhat smaller brownish deep-violet flowers, which are densely granular under a lens. No pods were secured, nor tubers from the rootstock, only one vine being discovered, which it did not seem wise to up- root for fear of exterminating the plant in the only locality known for the ground nut in the Rocky Mountains. 1 52 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [310 One vine in a gulch at the foot of Flagstaff Hill, Aug. 18, 1906, 5900-6000 ft. (Daniels, 799). The species ranges from NEW BRUNSWICK to ONTARIO; FLORIDA to LOUISIANA and EASTERN KANSAS. Order 24. GERANIALES. Family 62. GERANIACEAE J. St. Hil. Geranium family. 263. GERANIUM L. CRANESBILL. 654. G. Richardsonii Fish. & Traut. [G. gracilentum Greene] . RICHARDSON'S CRANESBILL. Common in springy canons and damp meadows in the foot- hills and mountains, 6500-8600 ft. (Daniels, 447). SASKATCHEWAN to BRITISH COLUMBIA; NEW MEXICO to CALIFORNIA. 655. G. Parryi (Engelm.) Heller [G. Fremontii Parryi Engelm.]. PARRY'S CRANESBILL. Meadows and gulches in the high mesas and foothills, 5700- 8000 ft. (Daniels, 64). Long's Peak (Coulter in Wabash Col- lege Herb.). WYOMING to COLORADO. 656. G. Pattersonii Rydb. PATTERSON'S CRANESBILL. Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg). COLORADO. 657. G. Fremontii Torr. in Gray. FREMONT'S CRANESBILL. Abundant on the plains, mesas, and mountain meadows, 5100-8600 ft. (Daniels, 62). Five miles north of Boulder (Cockerell). St. Vrain Canon (Coulter in Wabash College Herb.). COLORADO. 658. G. longipes (Wats.) Goodding [G. Bicknellii Britton]. BICKNELL'S CRANESBILL. Waste places, acting like an introduced weed, about Boulder, and along Boulder Canon road almost to the Falls in the vicinity of houses, 5100-7000 ft. (Daniels, 558). 3ll] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 163 NOVA SCOTIA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; NEW YORK to CALI- FORNIA. 264. ERODIUM L. STORK' S-BILL. 659. E. cicutarium (L.) L'Her. HEMLOCK STORK" S-BILL. PIN-CLOVER. Boulder (Rydberg), where it is very common (Cockerell). EUROPE, thence to NORTH AMERICA. Family 63. LINACEAE Dumont. Flax family. 265. LINUML. FLAX. 660. L. Lewisii Pursh [L. perenne Lewisii (Pursh) Eat. & Wright] . LEWIS'S FLAX. Abundant on the plains, mesas, and open mountain slopes, 5100-8600 ft. (Daniels, 132). MACKENZIE to YUKON ; TEXAS to CALIFORNIA and MEXICO. 66 1. L. pratense (Norton) Small. MEADOW FLAX. Abundant in a meadow north of Boulder (Henderson & Cocker ell). Range of the preceding. Family 64. OXALIDACEAE Lindl. Wood sorrel family. 266. XANTHOXALIS Small. YELLOW WOOD SORREL. 662. X. stricta (L.) Small [Oxalis stricta L.] UPRIGHT YEL- LOW WOOD SORREL. Common throughout except at the higher elevations, espe- cially along roads and railroads, and in yards about houses, 5100-8000 ft. (Daniels, 572). NOVA SCOTIA to SOUTH DAKOTA; FLORIDA to TEXAS and COLORADO: adventitious in EUROPE. Order 25. EUPHORBIALES. Family 65. EUPHORBIACEAE St. Hil. Spurge family. 267. CROTON L. CROTON. 663. C. Texensis (Klotzsch) Muell. Arg. TEXAS CROTON. Longmont and Boulder (Rydberg). ILLINOIS to WYOMING; ALABAMA to ARIZONA and MEXICO. 164 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [312 268. TEAGIA L. NETTLE SPURGE. 664. T. ramosa Torr. BRANCHING NETTLE SPURGE. Dry soil and under rocks, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 86). MISSOURI to COLORADO; TEXAS to ARIZONA and MEXICO. 269. CHAMAESYCE S. F. Gray. SPURGE. 665. C. petaloidea (Engelm.) Small [Euphorbia petaloidea Engelm.]. WHITE-FLOWERED SPURGE. Along the road and railroad in Boulder Canon, and in creek- sands along Boulder creek, 5400-7000 ft. (Daniels, 775). Also at Longmont (Rydberg). IOWA to WYOMING ; TEXAS to COLORADO. 666. C. Fendleri (T. & G.) Small [Euphorbia Fendleri T. & G.]. FENDLER'S SPURGE. Foot of Valmont Butte, near Owen's lake, 5300-5400 ft. (Daniels, 666). NEBRASKA to WYOMING ; TEXAS to ARIZONA. 667. C. glyptosperma (Engelm.) Small [Euphorbia glyptosper- ma Engelm.]. RIDGE-SEEDED SPURGE. Abundant in sandy places and along railroads, 5100-7000 (Sunset Canon) ft. (Daniels, 576). ONTARIO to BRITISH COLUMBIA; TEXAS to MEXICO. 668. C. nigulosa (Engelm.) Rydb. [Euphorbia serpyllifolia rugulosa Engelm.] . RUGULOSE-SEEDED SPURGE. Mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg). WYOMING and NEW MEXICO to CALIFORNIA. 669. C. serpyllifolia (Pers.) Small [Euphorbia serpyllifolia Pers.]. THYME-LEAVED SPURGE. Very common in waste places, along roadsides and rail- roads, and on creek-sands, 5100-8000 ft. (Daniels, 420). Also at Lyons (Rydberg). MICHIGAN to WASHINGTON; TEXAS to CALIFORNIA and MEXICO. 313] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 165 270. TITHYMALUS Adans. 670. T. marginatus (Pursh) Cockerell [Euphorbia margi- nata Pursh; Dichrophyllum marginatum (Pursh) Kl. & Garcke] . SNOW-ON-THE-MOUNTAIN. Plains and mesas about Boulder, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 188). My specimens have flowers with five glands. MINNESOTA to MONTANA; MISSOURI to TEXAS and COLO- RADO. 6;oa. T. marginatus tetramerus Cockerell. BOULDER SNOW- ON-THE-MOUNTAIN. Very common about Boulder; although in some plants the central flower of each umbel has five petaloid appendages, the others have but three or four. An occasional form — forma inornata has the white margin of the leaves obsolete, or nearly so, but my material is too scant to enable me to deter- mine whether this is characteristic of the variety alone, though a few of my specimens have the central flower with five appendages, 5100-7000 ft. (Daniels, 957). 671. T. robnstus (Engelm.) Small [Euphorbia montana ro- busta Engelm.]. STOUT SPURGE. High mesas fronting the Flat-irons, 5700-6000 ft. (Daniels, 187). Also at Longmont (Rydberg). SOUTH DAKOTA to MONTANA; COLORADO to ARIZONA. 672. T. philorus Cockerell [Euphorbia montana Engelm. ; not Raf.]. MOUNTAIN SPURGE. Frequent on the plains, mesas and foothills, 5500-8000 ft. (Daniels, 16). Boulder Canon (Porter & Coulter). A form, — forma dichotoma (Daniels, 367) from the high ridges of Green Mt. repeatedly forks into long leafy branches topped by a cluster of two or three flowers, with a few others in the axils of the upper leaves, the central cyme or umbel not being present. COLORADO to UTAH ; TEXAS to ARIZONA. 673. T. Arkansanus (Engelm. & Gray) Kl. & Garcke [Eu- phorbia Arkansana Engelm. & Gray] . ARKANSAS SPURGE. 1 66 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [314 Plains about Boulder, especially on the banks of irrigation ditches, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 391). MISSOURI to SOUTH DAKOTA and COLORADO; ALABAMA to ARIZONA. 271. POINSETTIA Graham. 674. P. cuphosperma (Engelm.) Small [Euphorbia cuphos- perma . Boiss.]. WARTY SPURGE. Plains east of Boulder and along railroads, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 692). Tenth Street, Boulder (Cockerell). SOUTH DAKOTA to WYOMING ; TEXAS to ARIZONA and MEX- ICO. 675. P. dentata (Michx.) Small [Euphorbia dentata Michx.]. TOOTHED SPURGE. On the plains and mesas, frequent, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 430- PENNSYLVANIA to SOUTH DAKOTA ; LOUISIANA to UTAH and MEXICO. Family 66. CALLITRICHACEAE Lindl. Water starwort family. 272. CALLITKICHE L. WATER STARWORT. 676. C. palustris L. MARSH WATER STARWORT. Aspen bog, Glacier Lake; also in streams and ponds about Boulder, 5100-9000 ft. (Daniels, 248). Eldora lake (W. W. Robbins). NOVA SCOTIA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; FLORIDA to CALIFOR- NIA: EUROPE: ASIA: SOUTH AMERICA. 677. C. bifida (L.) Morong [C. autumnalis L.]. AUTUMNAL WATER STARWORT. South Boulder creek, Arapahoe Road, common; in com- pany with the preceding species, but more abuncant, 5200-5400 ft. (Daniels, 738). Not in Rydberg's Flora. QUEBEC to MANITOBA and OREGON ; MICHIGAN to COLORADO. 315] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 167 Order 26. SAPINDALES. Family 67. SPONDIACEAE Kunth. Cashew family. 273. TOXICODENDRON Miller. POISON IVY. 678. T. Rydbergii (Small) Greene [Rhus Rydbergii Small]. RYDBERG'S POISON IVY. Common along streams, roadsides, gulches, and canons for some distance in the mountainous region, 5100-7000 (Bear Canon) ft. (Daniels, 42). MONTANA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; NEBRASKA to COLORADO. 274. RHTJS L. SUMACH. 679. R. glabra cismontana (Greene) Cockerell. Nov. comb. [R. cismontana Greene] . CISMONTANE SUMACH. Common on the mesas and foothills, 5400-8000 ft. (Daniels. 221). Magnificently scarlet in the fall. DAKOTA and UTAH to NEW MEXICO and ARIZONA. 275. SCHMALTZIA Desv. FRAGRANT SUMAC. 680. S. trilobata (Nutt.) Small [Rhus trilobata Nutt.]. THREE-LOBED FRAGRANT SUMAC. On the dry banks of streams, and on dry hills and ridges, 5400-8000 ft. (Daniels, 599). ASSINIBOIA to WASHINGTON; MISSOURI to TEXAS, CALIFOR- NIA, and MEXICO. Family 68. ACERACEAE J. St. Hil. Maple family 276. ACER L. MAPLE. 68 1. A. glabnim Torr. SMOOTH MAPLE. In gulches and canons and along streams, 5400-8600 ft. (Dan- iels, 96). Also in the mountains between Sunshine and Ward, and from Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg). NEBRASKA to WYOMING; NEW MEXICO to UTAH. 68ia. A. glabrum tripartitum (Nutt.) Pax [A. tripartitum Nutt.]. THREE-LEAVED MAPLE. Along Boulder Canon road, 6000-7000 ft. (Daniels, 285). Range of the type. 1 68 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [316 277. RTTLAC Adans. Box ELDER. 682. R. Negundo (L.) Hitchc. [Acer Negundo L. ; Negundo Negundo (L.) Karst. ; Negundo aceroides Moench]. COMMON BOX ELDER. Common along streams, 51007000 ft. (Daniels, 390). Also St. Vrain creek below Lyons (Ramaley). VERMONT to IDAHO; FLORIDA to TEXAS. 683. R. Texanum (Pax) Small [Acer Texanum Pax; Acer Negundo Texanum Pax]. TEXAN BOX ELDER. Bear and Bluebell Canons (Ramaley). Foothills near Boul- der (Rydberg). SASKATCHEWAN to MONTANA; MISSOURI to ARIZONA. Order 27. RHAMNALES. Family 69. FRANGULACEAE D C. Buckthorn family. 278. CEANOTHTTS L. NEW JERSEY TEA. 684. C. velutinus Dougl. VARNISHED NEW JERSEY TEA. Common on the foothills, 6000-8000 ft. (Daniels, 272-). Also mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg) ; Eldora and near foot of Long's Peak (Ramaley). MONTANA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA. 685. C. mollissimus Torr. [C. ovatus pub esc ens T. & G. ; C. pubescens (T. & G.) Rydb.] HAIRY NEW JERSEY TEA. Common on the mesas and foothills, 5600-8000 ft. (Dan- iels, 65). Eldora (Ramaley). MICHIGAN to SOUTH DAKOTA; MISSOURI to COLORADO. 686. C. subsericeus Rydb. SILKISH NEW JERSEY TEA. Slopes of Green Mt., 6000-7000 ft. (Daniels, 756). Plains north of Marshall, and Boulder Canon (Ramaley). Appears like a hybrid between the preceding and the next. COLORADO. 687. C. Fendleri Gray. FENDLER'S NEW JERSEY TEA. Common on the mesas, foothills, and mountains, 5600-9000 ft. (Daniels, 91). Also in the mountains between Sunshine 317] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 169 and Ward (Rydberg). South Boulder Canon, and hill north of Nederland (Ramaley). SOUTH DAKOTA to WYOMING; NEW MEXICO to ARIZONA. Family 70. VITACEAE Lindl. Grape family. 279. VITIS L. GRAPE. 688. V. vulpina L. [V. riparia Michx.]. RIVER-BANK GRAPE. Common along the banks of streams in the plains, mesas, and lower foothills, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, no). Certain forms with strongly lobed leaves simulate V. palmata Vahl., and may be a distinct species. NEW BRUNSWICK to NORTH DAKOTA; WEST VIRGINIA to TEXAS and COLORADO. 689. V. Boulderensis Daniels. Nov. sp. BOULDER GRAPE. Plant weakly climbing, tendrils few, but these stout and little curled, bark reddish brown, the young twigs densely floccose pubescent, leaves small, at most 6 cm. long and wide, exclusive of the petiole, ovate to orbicular, the sinus often deep or sometimes shallow, broad and nearly obsolete; leaves mostly truncate at the top, the apices of the two shallow lat- eral lobes but little shorter than the main apex, the leaves, however, occasionally sharply acuminate, the margins coarsely dentate, slightly lobed, on slender petioles, which are loosely floccose as well as the veins both above and beneath, but be- coming glabrate in age; clusters small, mostly in simple ra- cemes, or with one or two prominent branches, fruit not set on the only vine discovered, and all flowers examined staminate. Nearest Vitis Arizonica Engelm. Gulch at base of Flagstaff Hill, 5800-6000 ft. (Daniels, 119). 280. PESEDERA Neck. VIRGINIA CREEPER. 690. P. vitacea (Hitchc.) Greene [Ampelopsis quinque folia vitacea (Hitchc.) Knerr; Parthenocissus vitacea ( Hitchc. ) ] . VINELIKE VIRGINIA CREEPER. Common about streams and along fences, in the latter case perhaps the plant is P. quinquefolia (L.) Planch, intro- I7O UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [318 duced; my material which came from canons in the foothills is, however, all of P. vitacea (Hitchc.) Greene, 5100-6500 ft. Daniels, 584). MICHIGAN to WYOMING; OHIO to ARIZONA. Order 28. MALVALES. Family 71. MALVACEAE Neck. Mallow family. 281. MALVA L. MALLOW. 691. M. rotundifolia L. ROUND-LEAVED MALLOW. COMMON CHEESES. Common in waste places, and following the roads and rail- roads, into the foothills, 5100-7000 ft. (Daniels, 587). EUROPE, thence to NORTH AMERICA. 282. SIDALCEA Gray. WESTERN MALLOW. 692. S. Candida Gray. WHITE WESTERN MALLOW. Along irrigation ditches and streams and in moist mountain meadows, both at Boulder (rare) and at Eldora, 5400-11000 ft. (Daniels, 162). WYOMING to NEW MEXICO and UTAH. 283. ALTHAEA L. HOLLYHOCK. 693. A. rosea Cav. COMMON HOLLYHOCK. Escaped to roadsides and along streams at Boulder. 5300- 5600 ft. (Daniels, 746). TURKEY, GREECE, and CRETE, thence widely cultivated. 284. MALVASTRTTM Gray. FALSE MALLOW. 694. M. dissectum (Nutt.) Cockerell. SCARLET FALSE MAL- LOW. Common on the plains and mesas, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 204). SASKATCHEWAN to OREGON; IOWA to TEXAS and UTAH. 319] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 171 Order 29. HYPERICALES. Family 72. HYPERICACEAE Lindl. St. Johnswort family. 285. HYPERICUM L. ST. JOHNSWORT. 694^. H. formosum H. B. K. HANDSOME ST. JOHNSWORT. Common in mountain swamps (Ramaley). COLORADO and UTAH to MEXICO and SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA. 695. H. majus (Gray ) Britton [H. Canadense majus Gray]. LARGER CANADIAN ST. JOHNSWORT. Along streams in the plains, a dwarf form only a decimetre high, 5100-5400 ft. (Daniels, 787). Also foothills near Boul- der (Rydberg). MAINE to BRITISH COLUMBIA; NEW JERSEY to COLORADO. Family 73. VIOLACEAE D C. Violet family. 286. VIOLA L. VIOLET. 696. V. palustris L. MARSH VIOLET. Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg). LABRADOR to ALASKA ; NEW YORK to COLORADO. 697. V. pallens (Banks) Brainerd. PALE VIOLET. Caribou (Rydberg). Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley & Robbins). NEWFOUNDLAND to BRITISH COLUMBIA; NORTH CAROLINA to UTAH. 698. V. cognata Greene. WESTERN BLUE VIOLET. Plains and foothills near Boulder (Rydberg). SOUTH DAKOTA to ALBERTA; NEW MEXICO to CALIFORNIA. 699. V. Nuttallii Pursh. NUTTALL'S VIOLET. Plains and foothills near Boulder (Rydberg). Abundant at Boulder (Cockerell). MANITOBA to MONTANA; MISSOURI to NEW MEXICO and ARIZONA. 172 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [320 700. V. vallicola A. Nels. \V . physalodes Greene]. VALLEY VIOLET. Spruce forest, Bear Canon, 7000 ft. (Daniels, 760). The plant in fruit only. NORTH DAKOTA to MONTANA; COLORADO to UTAH. 701. V. biflora L. TWO-FLOWERED VIOLET. Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg). COLORADO: EUROPE: ASIA. 702. V. Canadensis Rydbergii (Greene) House [V. Rydbergii Greene]. RYDBERG'S VIOLET. Common in moist canons and along streams, 5100-8000 ft. (Daniels, 126). Long's Peak (Coulter in Wabash College Herb.). ALBERTA to IDAHO; SOUTH DAKOTA to COLORADO. 702a. V. Canadensis Neo-Mexieana (Greene) House [V. Neo- Mexicana Greene]. NEW MEXICO VIOLET. Common in moist soil at Glacier Lake, Eldora, and Arapahoe Peak above timberline, 8000-12000 ft. (Daniels, 864). Also Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg). COLORADO to NEW MEXICO. 703. V. bellidifolia Greene. DAISY-LEAVED VIOLET. Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg). Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley & Robbins). WYOMING to COLORADO. 287. CALCEOLAKIA Loefl. NODDING VIOLET. 704. C. linearis (Torr.) Daniels. Nov. comb. [lonidium linear e Torr.]. NARROW-LEAVED NODDING VIOLET. Banks of stream at foot of Flagstaff Hill, 5700-6000 ft. (Daniels, 108). KANSAS to COLORADO; TEXAS to ARIZONA and MEXICO. 32 1 ] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 173 Order 30. OPUNTIALES. Family 74. LOASACEAE Reichenb. Loasa family. 288. NTTTTALLIA Raf. WESTERN STAR. 705. N. multiflora (Nutt.) Greene [Mentzelia multiflora (Nutt.) Gray; T outer ea multiflora (Nutt.) Rydb.] MANY-FLOWERED WESTERN STAR. Common on the plains, mesas, and foothills, 5100-8000 ft. (Daniels, 77). TEXAS to COLORADO, ARIZONA and MEXICO. 706. N. speciosa (Osterh.) Greene [Mentzelia speciosa Osterh. ; T outer ea speciosa Osterh.]. SHOWY WESTERN STAR. Near Boulder; also between Sunshine and Ward (Ryd- berg). WYOMING to COLORADO. 707. N. sinuata (Rydb.) Daniels. Nov. comb. [Tout ere a sinu- ata Rydb.]. WAVY-LEAVED WESTERN STAR. At Boulder the type-locality (Rydberg). COLORADO. 708. N. nuda (Pursh) Greene [Mentzelia nuda (Pursh) T. & G. ; T outer ea nuda (Pursh) Eat. & Wr.]. NAKED WES- TERN STAR. At Boulder (Rydberg). NEBRASKA to WYOMING and COLORADO. 709. N. stricta (Osterh.) Greene [Hesperaster strictus Osterh.]. STRICT WESTERN STAR. Along the Union Pacific Railroad, the flowers as large as in the next, but the outer filaments dilated, 5200-5400 ft, (Daniels, 678). Also at Lyons (Rydberg). NEBRASKA to WYOMING; TEXAS to COLORADO. 710. N. decapetala (Pursh) Greene [Bartonia decapetala Pursh; Mentzelia decapetala (Pursh) Urb. & Gilg. ; M. 174 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [322 ornata Pursh; T outer ea decapetala (Pursh) Rydb.]. TEN- PETALLED WESTERN STAR. Near Boulder (Rydberg). ALBERTA to MONTANA; TEXAS to NEVADA. 289. ACROLASIA Presl. MENTZELIA. 711. A. latifolia Rydb. BROAD-LEAVED MENTZELIA. At Boulder the type locality (Daniels). Between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg). COLORADO. 712. A. albicaulis (Dougl.) Rydb. [Mentzelia albicaulis Dougl.]. WHITE-STEMMED MENTZELIA. Common in dry, especially sandy soil, 5100-6500 ft. (Daniels, 92). NEBRASKA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; NEW MEXICO and UTAH. 7i2a. A. albicaulis integrifolia (Wats.) Daniels. Nov. comb. [Mentzelia albicaulis integrifolia Wats. ; A. integrifolia (Wats.) Rydb.; M. dispersa Wats.]. ENTIRE-LEAVED MENTZELIA. With the preceding, into which it apparently passes, 5100- 6500 ft. (Daniels, 88). MONTANA to BRITISH COLUMBIA ; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA. v-;$ Family 75. CACTACEAE H. B. K. Cactus family. 290. CACTTTS L. BALL CACTUS. 713. C. viviparus Nutt. [Mamillaria vivipara (Nutt.) Haw.]. VIVIPAROUS BALL CACTUS. Near Long's Peak (Porter & Coulter). NEBRASKA and MONTANA to COLORADO. 291. ECHINOCERETTS Engelm. PRICKLY CEREUS. 714. E. viridiflorus Engelm. [Cereus viridiflorus Engelm.]. GREEN-FLOWERED PRICKLY CEREUS. Common on the plains, mesas, and foothills, 5100-8000 ft. (Daniels, 818). Not seen in flower. KANSAS to WYOMING; TEXAS to NEW MEXICO. 323] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 1/5 292. OPTTNTIA Mill. PRICKLY PEAR. 715. 0. mesacantha Raf. [O. humifusus Raf. ; O. Rafinesquii Engelm.]. WESTERN PRICKLY PEAR. Abundant on the plains, mesas and foothills, the commonest cactus about Boulder, 5100-7000 ft. (Daniels, 93). WISCONSIN and MINNESOTA to COLORADO; KENTUCKY and TEXAS to ARIZONA. 716. 0. polyacantha Haw. MANY-SPINED PRICKLY PEAR. On the mesas and foothills, apparently ascending higher than the preceding species, 5600-8000 ft. (Daniels, 690). NORTH DAKOTA to BRITISH COLUMBIA ; OKLAHOMA to NEW MEXICO and OREGON. 717. 0. rhodantha K. Sch. RED-FLOWERED PRICKLY PEAR. On the foothills near the juncture of Sunset and Boulder Canons, 6500 ft. (Daniels). NEBRASKA to COLORADO. 718. 0. Greenei Englm., in Coult. Cont. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3. 431, [0. mesacantha Gre.enii (Engelm.). Coult.]. GREENE'S PRICKLY PEAR. Vicinity of Boulder (Andrews). COLORADO. 719. 0. fragilis (Nutt.) Haw. BRITTLE PRICKLY PEAR. Common on the plains, mesas, and lower foothills, 5100-6500 ft. (Daniels, 817). Not seen in flower. WISCONSIN to BRITISH COLUMBIA; KANSAS to NEW MEX- ICO and UTAH. Order 31. THYMELIALES. Family 76. ELAEAGNACEAE Lindl. Silverberry family. 293. LEPARGYRAEA Raf. BUFFALO BERRY. 720. L. Canadensis (L.) Greene [Shepherdia Canadensis (L.) Nutt.]. CANADIAN BUFFALO BERRY. Valleys in the foothills west of Bear Mountain and South Boulder Peaks, 7000 ft. (Daniels, 445). Also from Eldora to 176 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [324 Baltimore (Rydberg). Near Magnolia; Sugarloaf Mt. ; Spen- cer Mt. (Ramaley). NEWFOUNDLAND to ALASKA; NEW YORK and MICHIGAN to COLORADO and OREGON. Order 3 2. MYRTALES. Family 77. LYTHRACEAE Lindl. Loosestrife family. 2931/2. AMMANNIA L. 720^. A. coccinea Rottb. SCARLET AMMANNIA. Marshall lake (W. W. Robbins). MICHIGAN to SOUTH DAKOTA; FLORIDA to MEXICO: SOUTH AMERICA. 294. LYTHRTJM L. LOOSESTRIFE. 721. L. alatum Pursh. WINGED LOOSESTRIFE. Common in swales in the plains, 5100-5600 ft. (Daniels, 4I3). MASSACHUSETTS to SOUTH DAKOTA; KENTUCKY to COLO- RADO. Family 78. EPILOBIACEAE D C. Willowherb family. 295. CHAMAENERION Adans. FIREWEED. 722. C. angustifolium (L.) Scop. [Epilobium angustifolium L.]. GREAT WILLOW-HERB. NARROW-LEAVED FIREWEED. Common throughout, especially in burns and in aspen thick- ets, 5700-10000 (Arapahoe Trail) ft. (Daniels, 211). Also at Caribou, and in the mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg). A form from the foothills has white flowers (Daniels, 196). GREENLAND to ALASKA; NORTH CAROLINA to CALIFORNIA: EUROPE: ASIA. 7223. C. angustifolium platyphyllum Daniels. Nov. var. Leaves remarkably large and broad, some being 17 cm. long and 4 cm. broad, and merely acutish at apex; lateral nerves 325] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 177 evident, confluent in loops ; flowers few, 2-3 cm. wide, dark purple, subtended by large leaves ; style pubescent at base. Canons on Green Mt, 6500-7000 ft. (Daniels, 268). 296. EPHOBIUM L. WILLOW-HERB. 723. E. occidentale (Trelease) Rydb. [E. adenocaulon occi- dentale Trelease] . WESTERN WILLOW-HERB. In wet ground at Caribou and Boulder (Rydberg). MONTANA to ALBERTA; SOUTH DAKOTA to COLORADO. 724. E. adenocaulon Haussk. NORTHERN WILLOW-HERB. Common in swales and along streams in the plains, and in mountain canons and aspen bogs, 5100-8600 ft. (Daniels, 243). NEW BRUNSWICK to WASHINGTON ; PENNSYLVANIA to CAL- IFORNIA. 725. E. rubescens Rydb. REDDISH WILLOW-HERB. In aspen bogs at Glacier Lake and Eldora, 8600-10000 ft. (Daniels, 707). COLORADO. 725^. E. alpinum L. ALPINE WILLOW-HERB. ReHrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley & Robbins). GREENLAND and ALASKA to NEW HAMPSHIRE, COLORADO, and CALIFORNIA. 726. E. anagallidifolium Lam. PIMPERNEL WILLOW-HERB. Mountain slopes above Bloomerville near snow, and above timberline on Arapahoe Peak in wet tundras, 10000-12000 ft. (Daniels, 325). Also at Caribou (Rydberg). LABRADOR and ARCTIC AMERICA to ALASKA; COLORADO to NEVADA : EUROPE : ASIA. 727. E. paniculatum Nutt. PANICLED WILLOW-HERB. Common, especially on creek-sands and along roads and railroads, 5100-8600 ft. (Daniels, 440). LAKE HURON to ALBERTA and BRITISH COLUMBIA ; COLORADO and ARIZONA to CALIFORNIA. 178 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [326 728. E. adenocladon (Haussk.) Rydb. [E. paniculatum aden- ocladon Haussk.]. GLANDULAR PANICLED WILLOW-HERB. At Boulder (Rydberg). SOUTH DAKOTA to WYOMING; COLORADO to UTAH. 297. GAYOPHYTTTM Juss. GAYOPHYTE. 729. G. intermedium Rydb. INTERMEDIATE GAYOPHYTE. Very common throughout except in the high alpine region, 5100-8600 (Eldora) ft. (Daniels, 159). Also at Caribou, Ward, and between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg). MONTANA to WASHINGTON; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA. 298. OENOTHERA L. EVENING PRIMROSE. 730. 0. strigosa (Rydb.) Blankinship [Onagra strigosa Rydb. ; Oenothera biennis strigosa Rydb.] . HAIRY EVENING PRIM- ROSE. Common on the plains and foothills, 5100-8000 ft. (Daniels, 137). MINNESOTA to WASHINGTON; MISSOURI to NEW MEXICO and UTAH. 731. 0. Hookeri T. & G. [O. biennis hirsutissima Gray; Ona- gra Hookeri (T. & G.) Small]. HOOKER'S EVENING PRIM- ROSE. Rare on the mesas and foothills, the flowers turning pink in withering, 5700-9000 ft. (Daniels, 562). IDAHO to CALIFORNIA; NEW MEXICO to MEXICO. 299. ANOGRA Spach. WHITE EVENING PRIMROSE. 732. A. albicanlis (Pursh) Britton [Oenothera albicaulis Pursh; 0. pinnatifida Nutt.]. WHITE-STEMMED WHITE EVENING PRIMROSE. Common on the plains and mesas, and along the shore-sands of Boulder creek, 5100-7000 ft. (Daniels, 141). NORTH DAKOTA to MONTANA; TEXAS to NEW MEXICO and SONORA. 327] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 179 733. A rhizomata A. Nels. RHIZOMATOUS WHITE EVENING PRIMROSE. Local on the plains, but abundant where found, since it spreads fast with its slender rootstocks, 5600-5400 ft. (Daniels, 393)- WYOMING to COLORADO. 734. A. Nuttallii (Sweet) A. Nels. [Oenothera Nuttallii Lindl.]. NUTTALL'S WHITE EVENING PRIMROSE. At Boulder (Rydberg). MINNESOTA to IDAHO and COLORADO. 735. A. coronopifolia (T. & G.) Britton [Oenothera coronopi- folia T. & G.]. CUT-LEAVED WHITE EVENING PRIMROSE. At Boulder (Rydberg). Very common from Boulder and Marshall up to about 8000 ft. in dry soil (Ramaley). SOUTH DAKOTA to WYOMING; KANSAS to NEW MEXICO. 300. PACHYLOPHTIS Spach. SCAPOSE EVENING PRIM- ROSE. 736. P. montanus (Nutt.) A. Nels. [Oenothera montana Nutt.]. MOUNTAIN SCAPOSE EVENING PRIMROSE. In eroded soil on Green Mountain and along Boulder Canon road, 6000-8000 ft. (Daniels, 536). ASSINIBOIA to IDAHO ; COLORADO to NEVADA. 737. P. macroglottis Rydb. LARGE-THROATED SCAPOSE EVEN- ING PRIMROSE. At Boulder (Rydberg). COLORADO. 738. P. hirsutus Rydb. HAIRY SCAPOSE EVENING PRIMROSE. Mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg). WYOMING to NEW MEXICO and UTAH. 301. LAVAUXIA Spach. DELAVAUX' EVENING PRIM- ROSE. 739. L. brachycarpa (Gray) Britton [Oenothera brachycarpa Gray]. SHORT-PODDED DELAVAUX' EVENING PRIMROSE. At Boulder (Rydberg). KANSAS to MONTANA; TEXAS to NEW MEXICO. 180 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [328 302. MERIOUXRaf. 740. M. serrulata (Nutt.) Walp. [Oenothera serrulata Nutt.]. TOOTH-LEAVED EVENING PRIMROSE. Common on the plains and foothills, 5100-8000 ft. (Daniels, 38). MANITOBA to SASKATCHEWAN ; TEXAS to ARIZONA. 303. GATTRA L. GAURA.* 741. G. parviflora Dougl. SMALL-FLOWERED GAURA. Frequent on the plains, mesas, and lower foothills, 5100-7000 ft. (Daniels, 263). SOUTH DAKOTA to WASHINGTON; LOUISIANA to ARIZONA and SONORA. 742. G. coccinea Pursh. SCARLET GAURA. Abundant 0n the plains and mesas, and in meadows on lower hillslopes, 5100-6300 ft. (Daniels, 12). MANITOBA to MONTANA ; TEXAS to ARIZONA and MEXICO. 743. G. glabra Lehm. SMOOTH GAURA. At Boulder (Rydberg). SOUTH DAKOTA to MONTANA; COLORADO to ARIZONA. 304. CIRCAEA L. ENCHANTER'S NIGHTSHADE. 744. C. alpina L. ALPINE ENCHANTER'S NIGHTSHADE. Locally abundant along streams in shady canons, 5700-8000 ft. (Daniels, 279). LABRADOR to ALASKA ; GEORGIA to COLORADO : EUROPE : ASIA. *"Gaura and allied evening flowering plants have a special bee-visi- or, Halictus galpinsiae Cockerell, which has been taken by my wife at Boulder. It flies in the evening, at 7:30 p. m., when the other bees have retired." — Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell, in a letter to the author, Jan. 23, 1908. 329] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO l8l Family 79. GUNNERACEAE Endl. Gunnera family. 305. MYRIOPHYLLUM L. WATER MILFOIL. 745. M. spicatum L. SPIKED WATER MILFOIL. Common in Boulder and Owen's lakes, 5200 ft. (Daniels,. 661). NEWFOUNDLAND to SASKATCHEWAN and IDAHO ; FLORIDA to- CALIFORNIA: EUROPE: ASIA. Order 33. UMBELLALES. Family 80. HEDERACEAE L. Ivy family. 306. AKALIA L. WILD SARSAPARILLA. 746. A. nudicaulis L. COMMON WILD SARSAPARILLA. Very common in shady canons, 5700-9000 ft. (Daniels, 341). South Boulder Canon (Ramaley). NEWFOUNDLAND to MANITOBA and IDAHO ; NORTH CAROLINA to MISSOURI and COLORADO. Family 81. CORNACEAE Link. Dogwood family. 307. SVIDA Opiz. DOGWOOD. 747. S. stolonifera (Michx.) Rydb. RED-OISER DOG- WOOD. Common along streams throughout, 5100-10000 ft. (Dan- iels, 289). Sugarloaf Mt. ; South Boulder Canon (Ramaley). MANITOBA to MACKENZIE and ALASKA ; NEBRASKA to COLO- RADO and ARIZONA. Family 82. AMMIACEAE Presl. Parsley family. 308. SANICULA L. SANICLE. 748. S. Marilandica L. MARYLAND SANICLE. BLACK SNAKE- ROOT. Common in springy gulches and canons, 5100-8000 ft. (Dan- iels, 71). NEWFOUNDLAND to WASHINGTON; GEORGIA to COLORADO. Jg2 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [330 309. OSMORRHIZA Raf. SWEET CICELY. 749. 0. longistylis (Torr.) DC. [Washingtonia longistylis (Torr.) Britton]. SMOOTH SWEET CICELY. Gulches in the mesas at the base of the foothills, rare, 5700- ^6300 ft. (Daniels, 118). NOVA SCOTIA to ASSINIBOIA ; GEORGIA to COLORADO. 750. 0. obtusa (C. & R.) Fernald [Washingtonia obtusa C. & R.] . OBTUSE-FRUITED SWEET CICELY. Common in canons in the mesas, foothills and mountains, 5700-11000 (Arapahoe Trail) ft. (Daniels, 128). ALBERTA to NEW MEXICO and CALIFORNIA. 310. CAKUM L. CARAWAY. 751. C. Carvi L. COMMON CARAWAY. Escaped in the mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg). EUROPE and the MEDITERRANEAN region to THIBET and SI- BERIA, thence to NORTH AMERICA. 311. CICTTTA L. WATER HEMLOCK. COWBANE. 752. C. occidentalis Greene. WESTERN COWBANE. WESTERN MUSQUASH ROOT. Swales in the plains, 5100-5600 ft. (Daniels, 412). NORTH DAKOTA to IDAHO; NEW MEXICO to CALIFORNIA. 312. HARBOURIA C. & R. HARBOUR'S HEMLOCK. 753. H. trachypleura (Gray) C. & R. [Cicuta trachy pleura (Gray) S. Wats.]. ROUGH-RIBBED HARBOUR'S HEMLOCK. At Boulder, and in the mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg). In Boulder Canon (Porter & Coulter). St. Vrain Canon (Coulter in Wabash College Herb.). Common in the foothills. (Daniels, 157, in part.) WYOMING to NEW MEXICO. 313. ALETES C. & R. MOUNTAIN CARAWAY. 754. A. obovata Rydb. OBOVATE-LEAVED MOUNTAIN CARAWAY. Very common on naked mountain slopes, 6000-8100 (sum- mit of Green Mt.) ft. (Daniels, 145). COLORADO. 33 1 ] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 183 755. A. acaulis (Torr.) C. & R. [Deweya acaulis (Torr.) ; Carum Hallii S. Wats.]. STEMLESS MOUNTAIN CARAWAY. High mesa at entrance to South Boulder Canon, 5900-6000 ft. (Daniels, 422). Also in gulch south of Boulder (perhaps the same locality as the above), and in the mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg). COLORADO to NEW MEXICO. 314. BERULA Hoffm. 756. B. erecta (Huds.) Coville [B. angustifolia (L.) Mert. & Koch]. CUT-LEAVED WATER PARSNIP. In a springy puddle in the eastern part of Boulder, 5300- 5400 ft. (Daniels, 410). ONTARIO to BRITISH COLUMBIA; MASSACHUSETTS to TEXAS and CALIFORNIA: EUROPE: ASIA. 315. UGUSTICUM L. LOVAGE. 757. L. Porteri C. & R. PORTER'S LOVAGE. Common in shady canons and gulches, 5700-10000 ft. (Dan- iels, 83). Also in the mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg). A plant was gathered in a canon on the north slope of Green Mt, with somewhat differently shaped leaf- segments; it may possibly be L. a fine A. Nels. WYOMING to NEW MEXICO and ARIZONA. 316. MTTSINEON Raf . 758. M. divaricatum (Pursh) C. & R. [Seseli divaricatum Pursh; Adorium divaricatum (Pursh) Rydb.]. LEAFY MUSINEON. At Boulder (Rydberg). ASSINIBOIA to ALBERTA ; SOUTH DAKOTA to COLORADO. 317. OXYPOLIS Raf. WATER DROPWORT. 759. 0. Fendleri (Gray) Heller [Archemora Fendleri Gray]. FENDLER'S WATER DROPWORT. In bogs at Eldora and at Bloomerville, 8600-10000 ft. (Dan- iels, 310). Also between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg). WYOMING to NEW MEXICO. 184 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [332 318. CONIOSELINTTM Hoffm. HEMLOCK PARSLEY. 760. C. scopulorum (Gray) C. & R. [Ligusticum scopulorum Gray]. ROCKY MOUNTAIN HELMLOCK PARSLEY. In aspen bogs at Eldora, 8600-9000 ft. (Daniels, 721). Red- rock lake, loioo ft. (Ramaley & Robbins). COLORADO to NEW MEXICO and ARIZONA. 319. HERACLEUM L. Cow PARSNIP. 761. H. lanatum Michx. WOOLLY cow PARSNIP. Common in gulches and canons, 5100-8600 ft. (Daniels, 75). Also between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg). LABRADOR and NEWFOUNDLAND to ALASKA; NORTH CARO- LINA to CALIFORNIA. 320. ANGELICA L. ANGELICA. 762. A. Grayi C. & R. GRAY'S ANGELICA. In wet tundras, Arapahoe Peak, above timberline, 11500- 13000 ft. (Daniels, 891). WYOMING to COLORADO. 763. A. ampla A. Nels. LARGE ANGELICA. Bear Canon, 6000-7000 ft. (Daniels, 763). WYOMING to COLORADO. 321. PASTINACA L. PARSNIP. 764. P. sativa L. COMMON PARSNIP. Very common in waste places about Boulder, and along Boulder Canon road well towards Falls, 5100-7000 ft. (Dan- iels, 560). EUROPE, thence to NORTH AMERICA. 322. COGSWELLIA Sprengel. PARSLEY. 765. C. orientalis (C. & R.) Jones \Lomatium orientate C. & R.; Peucedanum nudicaule Nutt. in part]. Common in the foothills, 4000-8000 ft. (Daniels, 157 in part). SOUTH DAKOTA, MONTANA and IDAHO to KANSAS, NEW MEXICO and ARIZONA. 333] •• FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 185 323. PSETTDOCYMOPTERTTS C. & R. FALSE CYMOP- TERUS. 766. P. sylvaticus A. Nels. SYLVAN FALSE CYMOPTERUS. Mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg). WYOMING to COLORADO. 767. P. multifidus Rydb. [P. montanus multifidus Rydb.]. MULTIFID-LEAVED FALSE CYMOPTERUS. Arapahoe Peak, above timberline, 11500-12000 ft. (Daniels, 899). COLORADO. Series 2. SYMPETALAE. Order 34. ERICALES. Family 83. MONOTROPACEAE Lindl. Indian pipe family. 324. PTEROSPORA Nutt. PINE DROPS. 768. P. Andromedea Nutt. GIANT BIRD'S-NEST. Rare under pines on the north slopes of Green Mt., 6000- 8100 ft. (Daniels, 530). Also on North and South Boulder Peaks (Rydberg). NOVA SCOTIA to ALASKA; GEORGIA to CALIFORNIA. Family 84. PYROLACEAE Agardh. Wintergreen family. 325. CHIMAPHILA Pursh. PIPSISSEWA. 769. C. umbellata (L.) Nutt. UMBELLATE PIPSISSEWA. Common in shady canons on Green Mt., 6500-8100 ft. (Dan- iels, 751). Also on north and south Boulder Peaks (Rydberg). NOVA SCOTIA to ALASKA ; GEORGIA to CALIFORNIA and MEX- ICO: EUROPE: ASIA. 326. MONESES Salisb. SINGLE DELIGHT. 770. M. Tiniflora (L.) Gray [Pyrola uniflora L.]. ONE- FLOWERED WINTERGREEN. At Caribou (Rydberg). Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley &Robbins). LABRADOR to ALASKA ; PENNSYLVANIA to COLORADO and ORE- GON : EUROPE : ASIA. 1 86 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [334 327. PYBOLA L. WINTERGREEN. SHINLEAF. 771. P. secunda L. ONE-SIDED WINTERGREEN, or SHINLEAF. Shady banks of canons on the north slopes of Green Mt., mainly under Douglas spruce, 6500-8100 ft. (Daniels, 531). Also in the mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg). LABRADOR to ALASKA; DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA to CALIFOR- NIA : EUROPE : ASIA. 772. P. uliginosa Torr. [P. rotundifolia uliginosa Gray] . BOG WINTERGREEN, Or SHINLEAF. With the preceding, 6500-8100 ft. (Daniels, 534). Also on South Boulder Peak (Rydberg). NOVA SCOTIA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; NEW YORK to COLO- RADO and CALIFORNIA : JAPAN. Family 85. ERICACEAE D C. Heath family. 328. AECTOSTAPHYLOS Adans. BEARBERRY. 773. A. TTva-nrsi (L.) Spreng. [Uva-ursi Uva-ursi (L.) Cockerell. nov. comb.; U. procumbens Moench]. RED BEARBERRY. Common on dry slopes, 5800-8600 ft. (Daniels, 453). Also at Eldora and on the mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg). South Boulder Canon; Sugarloaf Mt. ; Pine Glade School; Copeland's (Ramaley). Uva-ursi (Tourn.) Miller, 1754, has priority over Arctostaphylos Adans. 1763, but should such a hyphenated word stand as a generic name? LABRADOR and ARCTIC AMERICA to ALASKA ; NEW JERSEY to COLORADO and OREGON: EUROPE: ASIA. 329. GATTLTHEBIA L. WINTERGREEN. 774. G. humifusa (Graham) Rydb. [G. Myrsinitis Hook.]. CREEPING WINTERGREEN. Fourth of July Mine, loooo-iiooo ft. (Andrews). MONTANA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA. 330. KALMIA L. LAMBKILL. 775. K. microphylla (Hook.) Heller [K. glauca microphylla Hook.l. SMALL-LEAVED SWAMP LAUREL. 335] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 187 Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11500-12000 ft. (Dan- iels, 900). Also at Caribou, and on Long's Peak (Rydberg). Camp Albion; Fourth of July Mine (Ramaley). ALBERTA to ALASKA; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA. Family 86. VACCINIACEAE Lindl. Blueberry family. 331. VACCINTUM L. BLUEBERRY. BILBERRY. 776. V. caespitosum Michx. DWARF BILBERRY. From Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg). LABRADOR to ALASKA; NEW BRUNSWICK and NEW HAMP- SHIRE to COLORADO and WASHINGTON. 777. V. scoparium Leiberg. [V. Myrtillus microphyllum HOOK; V. erythrococcum Rydb.] . RED-BERRIED BILBERRYI Mountain slopes above Bloomerville near snow and on Arapahoe Peak above timberline, 9000-12000 ft. (Daniels, 331). ALBERTA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA. 778. V. oreophilum Rydb. MYRTLE BLUEBERRY. Common in coniferous forests at 10000 ft. (Ramaley), where it has been collected at Bald Mountain near Ward; Redrock lake above Ward; Fourth of July Mine; and at the foot of Long's Peak. ALBERTA and BRITISH COLUMBIA to NEW MEXICO. Order 35. PRIMULALES. Family 87. PRIMULACEAE Vent. Primrose family. 332. PRIMULA L. PRIMROSE. 779. P. angustifolia Torr. NARROW-LEAVED PRIMROSE. Arapahoe Peak above timberline in dry tundras near snow, 12000-13500 ft. (Daniels, 886). COLORADO. 780. P. Parryi Gray. PARRY'S PRIMROSE. Along cold streams crossing the Arapahoe Trail, and in wet tundras, Arapahoe Peak, above timberline, 9000-13000 ft. (Daniels, 921). Also at Caribou, and in the mountains south of Ward (Rydberg). MONTANA to COLORADO and ARIZONA. 1 88 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [336 333. ANDROSACE L. ROCK PRIMROSE. 781. A. puberulenta Rydb. PUBERULENT ROCK PRIMROSE. Mountain slopes above Bloomerville near snow, 9200 ft. (Daniels, 338). Plains near Boulder (Rydberg). MANITOBA, MACKENZIE and ALBERTA to NEW MEXICO. 782. A. pinetorum Greene. PINE FOREST ROCK PRIMROSE. Common under rocks in the foothills and mesas, 5700-8100 ft. (Daniels, 276). Probably Porter and Coulter's A. septen- trionalis L. from Long's Peak is this plant, as is Coulter's plant from Long's Peak in Wabash College Herb. MACKENZIE to YUKON ; COLORADO to ARIZONA. 783. A. subumbellata (A. Nelson) Small. SUBUMBELLATE ROCK PRIMROSE. Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, a diminutive alpine form, 11500-12000 ft. (Daniels, 876). MONTANA to COLORADO and ARIZONA. 784. A. diffusa Small. DIFFUSE ROCK PRIMROSE. At Glacier lake, 8500-9000 ft. (Daniels, 714). Also Massif de T Arapahoe (Rydberg). Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley &Robbins). MACKENZIE to BRITISH COLUMBIA; NEW MEXICO to ARI- ZONA. 785. A. subulifera (Gray) Rydb. [A. septentrionalis subuli- fera Gray]. SUBULIFEROUS ROCK PRIMROSE. Near Boulder (Coulter). MONTANA to COLORADO. 334. STEIRONEMA Raf. LOOSESTRIFE. 786. S. ciliatum (L.) Raf. [Lysimachia ciliata L.]. FRINGED LOOSESTRIFE. In springy grounds and moist canons, 5100-8000 ft. (Dan- iels, 73). NOVA SCOTIA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; GEORGIA to ARIZONA: naturalized in EUROPE. 337] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 189 335. CENTUNCULUS L. CHAFFWEED. 787. C. minimus L. LEAST CHAFFWEED. Under pines, mesas south of Chautauqua grounds, Boulder, 5800 ft. (Daniels, 180). Not in Rydberg's Flora. ILLINOIS and MINNESOTA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; FLORIDA to TEXAS and MEXICO: EUROPE: SOUTH AMERICA. 336. DODECATHEON L. SHOOTING STAR. 788. D. philoscia A. Nels. SHADE-LOVING SHOOTING STAR. In the spray of Boulder Falls and along other deep canons, 6500-8600 ft. (Daniels, 800). WYOMING to COLORADO. 789. D. radicatum Greene. MANY-FLOWERED SHOOTING STAR. Common in deep canons, 6200-8000 ft. (Daniels, 274). Also from Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg). Boulder Canon (Coulter in Wabash College Herb.). SOUTH DAKOTA to WYOMING; KANSAS to NEW MEXICO. 790. D. sinuatum Rydb. [D. radicatum sinuatum Rydb.]. WAVY-LEAVED SHOOTING STAR. Occasional in canons with the preceding, of which it seems to be merely a wavy-leaved form, 6200-8000 ft. (Daniels, 854). COLORADO. 790^2. D. pauciflomm (Durand) Greene. FEW-FLOWERED SHOOTING STAR. Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley & Robbins). MACKENZIE and SASKATCHEWAN to COLORADO. 337. DROSACE A. Nels. 791. D. carinata (Torr.) A. Nels. [Douglasia Johnstoni Aven Nelson]. JOHNSTON'S DOUGLASIA. Long's Peak (Aven Nelson), the type locality of Douglasia Johnstoni. COLORADO. UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [338 Order 36. GENTIANALES. Family 88. GENTIANACEAE Dumont. Gentian family. 338. ETTSTOMA Salisb. 792. E. Andrewsii A. Nelson. ANDREWS'S EUSTOMA. Near Boulder, the type locality (Andrews). COLORADO. 339. ANTHOPOGON Heck. FRINGED GENTIAN. 793. A. elegans (A. Nels.) Rydb. [Gentiana elegans A. Nels.]. .SHOWY FRINGED GENTIAN. Long's Peak (Rydberg). Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley &Robbins). MACKENZIE to COLORADO and ARIZONA. 794. A. barbellatus (Engelm.) Rydb. [Gentiana barbellata Engelm. ; G. Moseleyi A. Nels.]. BEARDED FRINGED GEN- TIAN. Aspen bogs at Eldora and along streams crossing Arapahoe Trail, 8600-11000 ft. (Daniels, 863). Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley and Robbins). The type of Nelson's G. Moseleyi is from Boulder Co. COLORADO. 340. AMAEELLA Gileb. GENTIAN. 795. A. monantha (A. Nels.) Rydb. [Gentiana monantha A. Nels.]. ONE-FLOWERED GENTIAN. Above timberline in wet tundras, Arapahoe Peak, 11500- 12000 ft. (Daniels, 897). Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley & Robbins). COLORADO. 796. A. strictiflora (Rydb.) Greene [Gentiana amarella stric- ta S. Wats. ; G. strictiflora Rydb.] STRICT-FLOWERED GEN- TIAN. Mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg). SASKATCHEWAN to ALASKA; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA. 339] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO IQI 797. A. scopulorum Greene [Gentianella dementis Rydb.]. CRAG GENTIAN. Common in deep canons and aspen bogs, 6500 (Green Mt.)- 9000 ft. (Daniels, 608). Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley & Robbins ) . SOUTH DAKOTA to MONTANA ; COLORADO to ARIZONA. 798. A. plebeja (Cham.) Greene [Gentiana plebeja Cham.; G. amarella acuta Gray, not Hook.]. Low GEN- TIAN. Ward (Cockerell). MACKENZIE and ALASKA to COLORADO and CALIFORNIA. (?) 798a. A. plebeja Holmii (Wettst.) Rydb. [Gentiana plebeja Holmii Wettst.; Amarella nana Engelm.]. HOLM'S GEN- TIAN. Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11500-12000 ft. (Dan- iels, 944). Also at Caribou (Rydberg). Range of the type. 341. CHONDROPHYLLA A. Nels. 799. C. Fremontii (Torr.) A. Nels. [Gentiana Fremontii Torr.]. FREMONT'S GENTIAN. Long's Peak (Porter & Coulter; also Coulter in Wabash College Herb.)'- WYOMING to COLORADO. C. Americana (Engelm.) A. Nels. [Gentiana pros- trata Americana Engelm.]. AMERICAN GENTIAN. Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley & Robbins). ALBERTA and ALASKA to COLORADO. 342. DASYSTEPHANA Adans. CLOSED GENTIAN. 800. D. Romanzovii (Ledeb.) Rydb. [Gentiana Romanzovii Ledeb.]. ROMANZOF'S CLOSED GENTIAN. Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11500-13000 ft. (Daniels, 892). Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley & Robbins). MONTANA to ALASKA ; COLORADO to UTAH : ASIA. IQ2 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [340 801. D. Parryi (Engelm.) Rydb. [Gentiana Parryi Engelm.]. PARRY'S CLOSED GENTIAN. Bogs at Eldora, thence along Arapahoe Trail to Arapahoe Peak, 8600-12000 ft. (Daniels, 847). Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley & Robbins). Also mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg). WYOMING to COLORADO and UTAH. 802. D. Bigelovii (Gray} Rydb. [Gentiana Bigelovii Gray]. BlGELOW's CLOSED GENTIAN. Dry mesas near entrance to Bear Canon, 5800-6000 ft. (Dan- iels, 766). COLORADO to NEW MEXICO and ARIZONA. 343. PLEITROGYNE Eschsch. 803. P. fontana A. Nels. [P. rotata tenuifolia Griseb.] . FOUN- TAIN PLEUROGYNE. At Caribou (Rydberg). HUDSON BAY and ALASKA to COLORADO. 344. SWERTIA L. 804. S. palustris A. Nels. MARSH SWERTIA. Along alpine streams, Arapahoe Trail, and in wet tundras, Arapahoe Peak, above timberline, 9000-12000 ft. (Daniels, 893). Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley & Robbins). MONTANA to COLORADO and UTAH. 804^. S. congesta A. Nels. DENSE-FLOWERED SWERTIA. Long's Peak (Cooper). MONTANA to COLORADO and UTAH. 345. FRASERA Walt. COLUMBO. 805. F. stenosepala Rydb. NARROW-SEPALLED COLUMBO. On the mesas and foothills, common, 5700-8000 ft. (Dan- iels, 168). Also at Ward (Rydberg). WYOMING to NEW MEXICO. 806. F. speciosa Dougl. SHOWY COLUMBO. Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley & Robbins). SOUTH DAKOTA to MONTANA and OREGON; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA. 34 1 J FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 193 807. F. angustifolia Rydb. NARROW-LEAVED COLUMBO. Mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg). MONTANA to COLORADO. Order 37. ASCLEPIADALES. Family 89. APOCYNACEAE Lindl. Dogbane Family. 346. APOCYNTTM L. DOGBANE. 808. A. androsaemifolium L. SPREADING DOGBANE. South Boulder Canon, and north of Nederland, 6500-9000 ft. (Ramaley). ANTICOSTI to BRITISH COLUMBIA; GEORGIA to ARIZONA. 809. A. scopulorum Greene. CRAG DOGBANE. Common on the foothills, 6000-9000 ft. (Daniels, 231). Su- garloaf (Ramaley). SASKATCHEWAN and YUKON to COLORADO. 8 10. A. lividum Greene. PALE DOGBANE. Eldora (Ramaley). COLORADO. 811. A. ambigens Greene. SMOOTH DOGBANE. In Boulder Canon, Bear Canon, and other valleys in the foothills, 5600-8000 ft. (Daniels, 515). MONTANA to WASHINGTON ; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA. 812. A. cannabinum L. INDIAN HEMP. Along railroads and stream banks, and ascending along the canons and gulches for some distance into the foothills, 5100- 6500 ft. (Daniels, 348). ANTICOSTI to WASHINGTON; FLORIDA to LOWER CALIFOR- NIA. 813. A. hypericifolium Ait. CLASPING-LEAVED DOGBANE.. ST. JOHNSWORT INDIAN HEMP. Along the railroad between Boulder and Marshall, and along roads in the plains, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 409). ONTARIO to BRITISH COLUMBIA ; OHIO to NEW MEXICO. IQ4 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [342 Family 90. ASCLEPIADACEAE. Milkweed family. 347. ACEEATES Ell. GREEN MILKWEED. 814. A. viridiflora (Raf.) Eaton. COMMON GREEN MILKWEED. Occasional in the plains about Boulder, 5100-6000 ft. (Dan- iels, 405). MASSACHUSETTS to MONTANA; FLORIDA to NEW MEXICO. 815. A. angustifolia (Nutt.) Dec. [Asclepias stenophylla Gray]. NARROW-LEAVED GREEN MILKWEED. Common in the plains about Boulder, 5100-6000 ft. (Dan- iels, 298). SOUTH DAKOTA to COLORADO ; MISSOURI to TEXAS and NEW MEXICO. 348. ASCLEPIAS L. MILKWEED. 816. A. speciosa Torr. SHOWY MILKWEED. Frequent in the plains about Boulder, 5100-6000 ft. (Dan- iels, 262). MANITOBA to BRITISH COLUMBIA ; NEW MEXICO to CALIFOR- NIA. 817. A. brachystephana Engelm. SHORT-CROWNED MILKWEED. Rare on the plains about Boulder, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 404). WYOMING to TEXAS and ARIZONA. 818. A. incarnata L. SWAMP MILKWEED. In swales and along streams in the plains, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 671). NEW BRUNSWICK to MANITOBA; FLORIDA to NEW MEXICO. 819. A. pumila (Gray) Vail [A. verticillata pumila Gray]. DWARF MILKWEED. Local in the plains about Boulder, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 6). SOUTH DAKOTA to MONTANA; ARKANSAS to NEW MEXICO. 343] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 195 Order 38. POLEMONIALES. Family 91. CTJSCTITACEAE Dumont. Dodder family. 349. CUSCUTA L. DODDER. 820. C. curta Engelm. [C. Gronovii curta Engelm.] SHORT- STYLED DODDER. On Ambrosia psilostachya DC, along Union Pacific Rail- road east of Boulder, 5400 ft. (Daniels, 696). COLORADO to UTAH. 821. C. indecora Choisy. PRETTY DODDER. On Thermopsis pinetorum Greene. Rocky ledge at Mar- shall, 5600 ft. (Daniels, 426). ILLINOIS to NEBRASKA and COLORADO; FLORIDA to CALIFOR- NIA; TROPICAL AMERICA. Family 92. CONVOLVULACEAE Vent. Bindweed family. 350. EVOLVULUS L. 822. E. Nuttallianus R. & S. [E. argenteus Pursh]. NUT- TALL'S EVOLVULUS. Common on the plains about Boulder, 5100-6000 ft. (Dan- iels, 474). SOUTH DAKOTA to COLORADO ; TEXAS to ARIZONA. 351. PHARBITIS Choisy. MORNING GLORY. 823. P. purpurea (L.) Voight [P. hispida Choisy; Ipomoea purpurea (L.) Roth]. COMMON MORNING GLORY. Escaped along Arapahoe Road, 5300 ft. (Daniels, 792). TROPICAL AMERICA, thence to NORTH AMERICA. 352. CONVOLVULUS L. BINDWEED. 824. C. arvensis L. FIELD BINDWEED. Along streets of Boulder, 5300-5700 (Chautauqua grounds) ft. (Daniels, 816). EUROPE, thence to NORTH AMERICA. 196 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [344 825. C. ambigens House. HAIRY BINDWEED. Plains near Boulder (Rydberg). Perhaps only a state of the preceding. COLORADO to NEW MEXICO and CALIFORNIA. 353. VOLVULUS Medic. BRACTED BINDWEED. 826. V. interior (House) Cockerell. Nov. comb. [Convolvu- lus interior House] . INLAND BRACTED BINDWEED. Low flats near Valmont Dike, 5200-5300 ft. (Daniels, 669). NEBRASKA to COLORADO ; OKLAHOMA to ARIZONA. Family 93. POLEMONIACEAE. Jacob's ladder family. 354. PHLOX L. PHLOX. 827. P. mnltiflora A. Nelson. MANY-FLOWERED PHLOX. North Boulder Peak (Rydberg). MONTANA to COLORADO. 828. P. depressa (E. Nelson) Rydberg [P. multiflora de- pressa E. Nelson]. Low PHLOX. Dry slopes of the foothills, 6000-8000 ft. (Daniels, 105). COLORADO. 829. P. longifolia Nutt. LONG-LEAVED PHLOX. Near Long's Peak (Porter & Coulter; also Coulter in Wa- bash College Herb.). MONTANA to WASHINGTON; COLORADO to OREGON. 355. MICROSTEKIS Greene. 830. M. micrantha (Kellogg) Greene [Collomia micrantha Kellogg]. SMALL-FLOWERED MICROSTERIS. At Boulder (Cockerell). NEBRASKA to WYOMING; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA; SOUTH AMERICA (CHILI and BOLIVIA to MAGELLAN STRAITS). 356. LINANTHUS Benth. 831. L. Harknessii (Curran) Greene [Cilia Harknessii Cur- ran]. HARKNESS' LINANTHUS. Flood-sands of streams, north slope of Green Mt, 6000-8000 ft. (Daniels, 467). MONTANA to BRITISH COLUMBIA ; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA. 345] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 197 357. GILIA R. & P. GILIA. 832. G. spicata Nutt. SPIKED GILIA. Mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg). NEBRASKA to WYOMING; COLORADO to UTAH. 833. G. attenuata (Gray) A. Nelson [G. aggregata attenuate, Gray]. ACUTE-LOBED GILIA. Foothills and mesas about Boulder, 5700-9000 ft. (Daniels). White flowered, but it passes into the following variety through a series of forms of all shades of pink from nearly white to almost scarlet. IDAHO to COLORADO and UTAH. 833a. G. attenuata collina (Greene) Cockerell. Nov. comb. [Callisteris collina Greene]. FOOTHILL GILIA. Alpine forested slopes near Eldora, and also near the sum- mit of Flagstaff Hill, 6000-9000 ft. (Daniels, 343). The pink of the flowers varies from nearly white to scarlet. Range of the type? 834. G. Candida Rydb. [Callisteris leucantha Greene]. WHITE GILIA. Common on the mesas, foothills and mountain «!opes, 5700- 9000 ft. (Daniels, 46). Corollas often pinkish, perhaps hy- brids with the above. Also South Boulder Peak, and in the mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg). COLORADO. 835. G. pinnatifida Nutt. SMALL-FLOWERED GILIA. Common throughout and very variable, 5100-10000 ft. (Dan- iels, 45). Also in the mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg). . NEBRASKA and WYOMING to NEW MEXICO. 836. G. suraata Benth. WAVY-LEAVED GILIA. Common in the plains, mesas, and lower foothills, 5100-6500 ft. (Daniels, 193). COLORADO and NEW MEXICO to CALIFORNIA. 837. G. inconspicua (Smith) Dougl. INCONSPICUOUS GILIA. On the foothills, 5900-8000 ft. (Daniels). COLORADO and UTAH to ARIZONA and MEXICO. 198 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [346 358. COLLOMIA Nutt. 838. C. linearis Nutt. [Gilia linearis (Nutt.) Gray]. NAR- ROW-LEAVED COLLOMIA. Very common throughout in shady or half -shady places, especially on creek sands, 5100-9000 ft. (Daniels, 51). Also at Ward (Rydberg). NORTH DAKOTA and MANITOBA to BRITISH COLUMBIA ; ARI- ZONA to CALIFORNIA ; introduced eastward. 838a. C. linearis Boulderensis Daniels. Nov. var. Leaves narrower than in the type, sharply acuminate ; flower- clusters densely capitate, the calyx-lobes and the bracts strongly pungent; a dwarfish form, blossoming earlier than the type. Near Gilia linearis subulata Gray. Plains about Boulder, 5400-5700 ft. (Daniels, 60). 359. POLEMONIUM L. JACOB'S LADDER. GREEK VA- LERIAN. 839. P. pulchemnmm Hook. FAIREST JACOB'S LADDER. Arapahoe Peak above timberline, 11000-12000 ft. (Daniels, 1021). Also from Eldora to Baltimore, and in the mountains between Sunshine and Ward, Brand makes this species a synonym of the next. COLORADO. 840. P. delicatum Rydb. DELICATE JACOB'S LADDER. At timberline (or just below) under shrubs, Arapahoe Peak, 10500-11500 ft. (Daniels, 872). COLORADO and NEW MEXICO. 841. P. molle Greene. SOFT JACOB'S LADDER. Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg). COLORADO. 842. P. robustum Rydb. STOUT GREEK VALERIAN. Boulder creek near Falls, 6500-7500 ft. (Daniels, 296). COLORADO. 843. P. mellitum (Gray) Greene [P. confertum mellitum Gray]. YELLOW GREEK VALERIAN. Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg). WYOMING and COLORADO to NEVADA. 347] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 1 99 843 */•>. P. confertum Gray. PURPLE GREEK VALERIAN. Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley & Robbins). WYOMING to COLORADO. 844. P. Brandegeei (Gray) Greene [Gilia Brandegeei Gray]. BRANDEGEE'S GREEK VALERIAN. Mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg). COLORADO. Family 94. HYDROLEACEAE. H. B. K. Hydrolea family. 360. HYDROPHYLLTJM L. WATERLEAF. 845. H. Fendleri (Gray) Heller [H. occidentale Fendleri Gray]. FENDLER'S WATERLEAF. Common along streams in shade, and in deep mountain canons, 5100-8600 ft. (Daniels, 129). Also in the mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg). WYOMING and IDAHO to NEW MEXICO. 361. MACROCALYX Trew. 846. M. Nyctelea (L.) Kuntze [Ellisia Nyctelea L.]. NYCTE- LEA. Along streams and in gulches in mesas, 5100-6000 ft. (Dan- iels, 597). SASKATCHEWAN to MONTANA; VIRGINIA to COLORADO. 362. PHACELIA Juss. PHACELIA. 847. P. leu cophylla Torr. WHITE-LEAVED PHACELIA. Mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg). SOUTH DAKOTA to WASHINGTON ; COLORADO to UTAH. 848. P. heterophylla Pursh. VARIOUS-LEAVED PHACELIA. Common on the mesas and foothills, 5600-8000 ft. (Daniels, 40). Also Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg). MONTANA to WASHINGTON ; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA. 849. P. glandulosa Nutt. GLANDULAR PHACELIA. Boulder Canon above Falls, 7000-8000 ft. (Daniels, 548). MONTANA to TEXAS and ARIZONA. 200 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [348 850. P. Neo-Mexicana alba (Rydb.) Daniels. Nov. comb. WHITE NEW MEXICAN PHACELIA. Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg). WYOMING to NEW MEXICO. 363. EUTOCA R. Br. 851. E. sericea Graham in Hook. [Phacelia sericea (Grab.) Gray]. SILKY PHACELIA. Common about Ward, 9000-9500 ft. (Daniels, 312). Also Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg). MONTANA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; COLORADO to NEVADA. Family 95. BORAGINACEAE Gray. Borage family. 364. LAPPULA Moench. STICKSEED. 852. L. floribunda (Lehm.) Greene [Echinospermum flori- bundum Lehm.]. LARGE-FLOWERED STICKSEED. Frequent in Bear and Boulder Canons, 6000-7500 ft. (Dan- iels, 448). MANITOBA to ALBERTA; NEW MEXICO to CALIFORNIA. 853. L. angustata Rydb. NARROW-LEAVED STICKSEED. Common in canons in the foothills, 5600-7500 ft. (Daniels, 674). COLORADO to WYOMING. 854. L. occidentalis (Wats.) Greene [Echinospermum Redow- skyi occidental Wats.] WESTERN STICKSEED. Common on the plains about Boulder, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 6). SASKATCHEWAN to WASHINGTON; MISSOURI to NEW MEX- ICO. 855. L. cnpnlata (Gray) Rydb. [Echinospermum Redowskyi cupulatum Gray]. CUPULATE STICKSEED. Plains about Boulder, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 9). SOUTH DAKOTA to IDAHO; TEXAS to COLORADO. 349] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 2QI 364i/2. ERITRICHTOM Schrader. MOUNTAIN FORGET- ME-NOT. 855/^. E. argenteum Wight. SILVERY MOUNTAIN FORGET-ME- NOT. Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley & Robbins). WYOMING and COLORADO to UTAH. 365. OREOCARYA Greene. MOUNTAIN NUT. 856. 0. suffruticosa (Torr.) Greene [Krynitzkia Jamesii Gray]. JAMES'S MOUNTAIN NUT. Slopes of Green Mountain, 6300 ft. (Daniels, 527). Plains and foothills near Boulder (Rydberg). SOUTH DAKOTA to WYOMING and COLORADO. 857. 0. virgata (Porter) Greene [Krynitzkia virgata (Por- ter) Gray]. VIRGATE MOUNTAIN NUT. Common on the plains, mesas, and foothills, 5100-8000 ft. (Daniels, 19). WYOMING to COLORADO. 857/^2 . 0. pulvinata A. Nels. PULVINATE MOUNTAIN NUT. Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley & Robbins). COLORADO. 366. AIXOCARYA Greene. 858. A. scopulorum Greene. MOUNTAIN ALLOCARYA. Aspen bogs at Glacier lake, 8600-9000 ft. (Daniels, 701). Also at Boulder (Rydberg). MONTANA to WASHINGTON ; COLORADO to NEVADA. 367. CRYPTANTHE Lehm. 859. C. crassisepala (T. & G.) Greene [Krynitzkia crassise- pala (T. & G.) Gray]. THICK-SEPALLED CRYPTANTHE. Frequent on the plains, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 389). SASKATCHEWAN to MONTANA; TEXAS to UTAH and MEX- ICO. 2O2 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [350 860. C. Pattersonii (Gray) Greene [Krynitskia Pattersonii Gray]. PATTERSON'S CRYPTANTHEL In the spray of Boulder Falls, 7500 ft. (Daniels, 609). WYOMING and COLORADO. 368. MERTENSIA Roth. LUNGWORT. BLUEBELLS. 86 1. M. punctata Greene. PUNCTATE BLUEBELLS. Bear Canon, 7000 ft. (Daniels, 716). COLORADO. 862. M. polyphylla Greene. MANY-LEAVED BLUEBELLS. Along stream in alpine valley near snow, above Bloomer- ville, and in Boulder Canon above the Falls, 8000-10000 ft. (Daniels, 320). Also from Eldora to Baltimore, and at Ward (Rydberg). WYOMING to COLORADO. 863. M. lateriflora Greene. SIDE-FLOWERED LUNGWORT. Along streams on mountain slope above Bloomerville near snow, 9300 ft. (Daniels. 337). Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Rama- ley & Robbins). Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg). COLORADO. 864. M. viridula Rydb. GREENISH LUNGWORT. Canons in the foothills, 6000-8000 ft. (Daniels, 34). COLORADO. 865. M. amoena A. Nels. PLEASANT LUNGWORT. At Boulder; and from Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg). WYOMING to COLORADO. 866. M. linearis Greene. LINEAR-LEAVED LUNGWORT. Subalpine meadows, Boulder Canon beyond the Falls, 7000- 8000 ft. (Daniels, 226). Also at Boulder; and from Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg). ASSINIBOIA to NEBRASKA and COLORADO. 867. M. lanceolata (Pursh) DC. LANCE-LEAVED LUNGWORT. Common throughout except in high alpine places, 5100-9000 ft. (Daniels, 14). Very variable. MONTANA to COLORADO and NEW MEXICO. 35 1 ] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 2O3 868. M. Secundorum Cockerell. HAIRY LUNGWORT. Near mouth of Boulder Canon (Cockerell), the type local- ity, where it was discovered by students of the State Prepara- tory School, whence the specific name. COLORADO. 869. M. micrantha Aven Nelson. SMALL-FLOWERED LUNG- WORT. Flagstaff Hill, 6000-6500 ft. (Daniels, 636). Also Sugar Loaf Mt., collected by Dr. Ramaley (Nelson), the type local- ity. COLORADO. 870. M. perplexa Rydb. PERPLEXING LUNGWORT. Arapahoe Peak above timberline, 11000-12000 ft. (Daniels, 645). Also mountains south of Ward the type-locality (Ryd- berg). COLORADO. 871. M. alpina (Torr.) Don. ALPINE LUNGWORT. Arapahoe Peak above timberline, 11500-12000 ft. (Daniels, 1022). COLORADO. 369. LITHOSPEE.MTJM L. CROMWELL. PUCCOON. 872. L. canescens (Michx.) Lehm. HOARY PUCCOON. At Boulder (Rydberg). ONTARIO to NORTH DAKOTA; ALABAMA to COLORADO and ARIZONA. 873. L. linearifolium Goldie [L. angustifolium Michx.] . NAR- ROW-LEAVED PUCCOON. At Boulder (Rydberg). ILLINOIS and MANITOBA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; TEXAS to ARIZONA. 874. L. breviflorum Engelm. & Gray [L. albescens Greene]. SHORT-FLOWERED PUCCOON. Common on the plains, mesas, and meadows on the lower foothills, 5100-6300 ft. (Daniels, 130). ARKANSAS to COLORADO; TEXAS to NEW MEXICO and MEX- ICO. 2O4 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [352 370. ONOSMODITO Michx. FALSE CROMWELL. 875. 0. occidentale Mackenzie. WESTERN FALSE CROMWELL. Common on the plains and mesas, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 183). Also at Longmont (Rydberg). MANITOBA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; MISSOURI to TEXAS and UTAH. 371. LYCOPSIS L. BUGLOSS. 876. L. arvensis L. SMALL BUGLOSS. Roadsides near entrance to Boulder Canon, 5400-5500 ft. (Daniels, 165). Not in Rydberg' s Flora. EUROPE and ASIA, thence to NORTH AMERICA. Family 96. VERBENACEAE St. Hil. Vervain family. 372. VERBENA L. VERVAIN. 877. V. hastata L. BLUE VERVAIN. Along streams in the plains, but ascending Boulder creek for a considerable distance into the foothills, 5100-6500 ft. (Daniels, 579). NOVA SCOTIA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; FLORIDA to CALIFOR- NIA. 878. V. bracteosa Michx. [V. rudis Greene]. LARGE-BRACTED VERVAIN. Common in waste places, and on the plains, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 2). MICHIGAN to ALBERTA and BRITISH COLUMBIA; FLORIDA to CALIFORNIA. 878a. V. bracteosa albiflora Cockerell. Nov. var. WHITE- FLOWERED LARGE-BRACTED VERVAIN. Differs from the type in having white flowers. Campus of the University of Colorado, July 15, 1908 (Cockerell). 879. V. ambrosifolia Rydb. RAGWEED-LEAVED VERVAIN. At Boulder, and in Boulder Co. (Rydberg). SOUTH DAKOTA to COLORADO ; TEXAS to ARIZONA and MEX- ICO. 353] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 879V2. V. Canadensis (L.) Brit. [V. Aubletia Jacq.]. COM- MON WILD VERBENA. St. Vrain river (Porter and Coulter). INDIANA to COLORADO; FLORIDA to NEW MEXICO and MEX- ICO. 373. PHYLA Lour. FOG-FRUIT. 880. P. cuneifolia (Torr.) Greene [Lippia cuneifolia Torr.]. WEDGE-LEAVED FOG-FRUIT. Along the railroad between Boulder and Marshall, and on the sandy shores of Boulder creek for some distance in the foothills, 5300-6200 ft. (Daniels, 406). SOUTH DAKOTA to WYOMING ; TEXAS to ARIZONA and MEX- ICO. Family 97. LAMIACEAE. Dead nettle family. 374. TETTCKIUM L. GERMANDER. 88 1. T. occidentale Gray. WESTERN GERMANDER. Swales in the plains, 5100-5500 ft. (Daniels, 407). ONTARIO to BRITISH COLUMBIA; PENNSYLVANIA to COLO- RADO and CALIFORNIA. 375. SCUTELLARIA L. SKULLCAP. 882. S. galericulta L. HOODED SKULLCAP. At Boulder (Rydberg). NEWFOUNDLAND to ALASKA ; NORTH CAROLINA to ARIZONA : EUROPE: ASIA. 883. S. Brittonii Porter. BRITTON'S SKULLCAP. Common on the foothills and mesas, 5700-8000 ft. (Daniels, 146). Also from Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg). St. Vrain river, as S\ resinosa Torr. (Porter and Coulter), unless this plant be indeed the next. WYOMING to COLORADO. 883^. S. virgulata A. Nels. [5. Brittonii virgulata (A. Nels.) Rydb.]. WAND-LIKE SKULLCAP. Along streams in mesas, 5700-6000 ft. (Daniels, 33). WYOMING to COLORADO. 2C>6 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [354 376. NEPETA L. CATNIP. CATMINT. 884. N. Cataria L. COMMON CATNIP. Common in waste places, and following the roads for some distance in the foothills, 5100-8000 ft. (Daniels, 459). EUROPE and ASIA, thence to NORTH AMERICA. 377. GLECOMA (GLECHOMA) L. GROUND IVY. 885. Gr. hederacea L. [Nepeta Glechoma Benth.]. GILL-OVER- THE-GROUND. At Boulder (Rydberg). Found in Boulder, April, 1905, by Miss Tollie Rudd; a specimen was sent to Dr. Rydberg. EUROPE and ASIA, thence to NORTH AMERICA. 378. DRACOCEPHALTJM L. DRAGON'S-HEAD. 886. D. parviflorum Nutt. SMALL-FLOWERED DRAGON'S-HEAD. Common on the plains and foothills, 5100-8000 ft. (Dan- iels, 87). NEW YORK to ALASKA; NEW MEXICO to ARIZONA. 379. PRUNELLA (B RUN ELL A) L. SELF-HEAL. HEAL-ALL. 887. P. (B.) vulgaris L. COMMON SELF-HEAL. Common in damp places on the plains, and occasional in remote canons, 5100-8000 ft. (Daniels, 240). EUROPE and ASIA, thence to NORTH AMERICA, where north- ward it is possibly native. 380. LEONTTRTJS L. MOTHERWORT. 888. L. Cardiaca L. COMMON MOTHERWORT. Common in waste places, and following the roads for some distance in the foothills, 5100-8000 ft. (Daniels, 460). EUROPE and ASIA, thence to NORTH AMERICA. 381. STACHYS L. HEDGE NETTLE. 889. S. scopulorum Greene. CRAG HEDGE NETTLE. In swales in the plains, 5100-5500 ft. (Daniels, 502). Also at Longmont (Rydberg). MINNESOTA, MACKENZIE and ALBERTA to NEW MEXICO. 355] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 2O7 382. SALVIA L. SAGE. 890. S. lanceolata Willd. LANCE-LEAVED SAGE. Common on the plains, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 280). SOUTH DAKOTA to MONTANA ; TEXAS to ARIZONA and MEX- ICO. 383. MONAKDA. L. HORSEMINT. BERGAMOT. 891. M. menthaefolia Grab. MINT-LEAVED BERGAMOT. Common on the plains and foothills, 5100-8000 ft. (Dan- iels, 955). Also mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Ryd- berg). ILLINOIS to MANITOBA and IDAHO; TEXAS to COLORADO. 892. M. stricta Wooton. STRICT BERGAMOT. At Boulder (Rydberg). WYOMING to NEW MEXICO and ARIZONA. 893. M. mollis L. SOFT BERGAMOT. Common on the plains and foothills, 5100-8000 ft. (Daniels, 222). MISSOURI to SOUTH DAKOTA and MONTANA; GEORGIA to TEXAS and COLORADO. 894. M. pectinata Nutt. [M. Nuttallii A. Nels.]. PECTINATE HORSE-MINT. Abounding in the plains and mesas, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 13). Boulder is the type-locality of M. Nuttallii A. Nels. COLORADO to UTAH ; TEXAS to ARIZONA. 895. M. Ramaleyi A. Nels. RAMALEY'S HORSE-MINT. Boulder creek near Boulder, the type locality (Rydberg). COLORADO. 384. HEDEOMA Pers. PENNYROYAL. 896. H. hispida Pursh. HISPID PENNYROYAL. Common on the plains and mesas, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 195). COLORADO to UTAH ; TEXAS to ARIZONA. 208 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [356 385. LYCOPTTS L. WATER HOARHOUND. 897. L. lucidus Turcz. WESTERN WATER HOARHOUND. Along ditches and streams, 5100-5400 ft. (Daniels, 783). MINNESOTA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; MISSOURI to COLORADO and CALIFORNIA. 898. L. Americanus Muhl. [L. sinuatus Ell. ; L. Europeus sin- uatus (Ell.) Gray]. AMERICAN WATER HOARHOUND. Along ditches and streams and in swales, 5100-6000 ft. (Dan- iels, 508). NEWFOUNDLAND to BRITISH COLUMBIA; FLORIDA to CALI- FORNIA. 386. MENTHA L. MINT. 899. M. spicata L. [M. viridis L.] . SPEARMINT. Along the Arapahoe Road, 5300-5400 ft. (Daniels, 742). EUROPE and ASIA, thence to NORTH AMERICA. 900. M. Penardi (Briq.) Rydb. [M. arvensis Penardi Briq.]. PENARD'S MINT. Along ditches and streams, 5100-8000 ft. (Daniels, 164). NEBRASKA to MACKENZIE and BRITISH COLUMBIA; COLO- RADO to UTAH. Family 98. SOLANACEAE Pers. Nightshade family. 387. PHYSAHS L. GROUND CHERRY. 901. P. longifolia Nutt. [P. lanceolata laevigata Gray]. LONG- LEAVED GROUND CHERRY. Boulder Canon, 5600 ft. (Daniels, 153). IOWA to MONTANA; ARKANSAS to ARIZONA and MEXICO. 902. P. lanceolata Michx. PRAIRIE GROUND CHERRY. Common on the plains and mesas in loose or sandy soils, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 523). MICHIGAN to WYOMING; SOUTH CAROLINA to ARIZONA and MEXICO. 903. P. Virginiana Mill. VIRGINIA GROUND CHERRY. Cultivated fields and roadsides on the plains, and foothills, appearing like an introduced weed, 5100-8000 ft. (Daniels, 684). Also between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg). 357] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO NEW YORK to MANITOBA and MONTANA ; FLORIDA to TEXAS and COLORADO. 904. P. heterophylla Nees. CLAMMY GROUND CHERRY. At Boulder and Longmont (Rydberg). NEW BRUNSWICK to SASKATCHEWAN; FLORIDA to TEXAS and UTAH. 905. P. comata Rydb. HAIRY WESTERN GROUND CHERRY. Plains and mesas, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 403). NEBRASKA and COLORADO to TEXAS. 906. P. rotundata Rydb. ROUND-LEAVED GROUND CHERRY. Plains about Boulder, chiefly in loose sands, 5100-5700 ft. (Daniels, 487). NORTH DAKOTA to COLORADO ; TEXAS to NEW MEXICO. ,388. QTTINCULA Raf. PURPLE GROUND CHERRY. 907. Q. lobata (Torr.) Raf. [Physalis lobata Torr.]. LOBED PURPLE GROUND CHERRY. At Boulder and Longmont (Rydberg). A few miles north of Boulder, abundant on the Pierre (Cretaceous) shales, May 1906 (Cockerell). KANSAS to COLORADO ; TEXAS to CALIFORNIA and MEXICO. 389. ANDROCERA Nutt. BUR NIGHTSHADE. 908. A. rostrata (Dunal) Rydb. [Solanum rostratum Dunal; A. lobata Nutt.]. COMMON BUR NIGHTSHADE. Common in waste places, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 384). The original host of the Colorado beetle or potato-bug. NORTH DAKOTA to WYOMING; TEXAS to NEW MEXICO and MEXICO ; as an introduced weed throughout the eastern UNITED STATES. 390. SOLANTTM L. NIGHTSHADE. 909. S. triflorum Nutt. THREE-FLOWERED NIGHTSHADE. Common in yards, waste places, and loose soils on the plains, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 282). ONTARIO to ALBERTA; KANSAS to ARIZONA. 210 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [358 909^2. S. interius Rydb. INLAND NIGHTSHADE. Near Boulder (Rydberg). NEBRASKA to COLORADO; TEXAS to CALIFORNIA. 910. S. villosum (Mill.) Lam. [S. nigrum villosum Mill.]. VlLLOUS NIGHTSHADE. At Boulder (Rydberg). WYOMING to BRITISH COLUMBIA; COLORADO to LOWER CAL- IFORNIA. 391. LYCOPERSICON (LYCOPERSICUM) Mill. TO- MATO. 911. L. Lycopersicum (L.) Karst. [Solanum Lycopersicum L.]. COMMON TOMATO. Adventitious along the Arapahoe Road, 5300-5400 ft. (Dan- iels, 791). SOUTH AMERICA, thence common in cultivation. 392. LYCIUM L. MATRIMONY VINE. 912. L. vulgare L. COMMON MATRIMONY VINE. South of University Campus, Boulder (W. W. Robbins). Not in Rydberg' s Flora. EUROPE, AFRICA, and ASIA, thence to NORTH AMERICA. 393. DATURA L. THORN-APPLE. 913. D. Stramonium L. JIM SON WEED. Waste places, especially common along railroads, and on creek-sands in Boulder Canon, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 810). ASIA, thence cosmopolitan. 914. D. Tatula L. PURPLE THORN-APPLE. Streets of Boulder, 5300-5600 ft. (Daniels, 566). Also at Salina (Ramaley). SOUTH AMERICA, thence cosmopolitan. 394. NICOTIANA L. TOBACCO. 915. N. attenuate, Torr. NIGHT-BLOOMING TOBACCO. Mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg). MONTANA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; NEW MEXICO to CALIFOR- NIA. 359] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 211 Family 99. RHINANTHACEAE St. Hil. Rattle-box family. 395. VERBASCUM L. MULLEN. 916. V. Thapsus L. COMMON MULLEN. Waste places and cultivated grounds, 5100-6000 ft. (Dan- iels, 457)- EUROPE and ASIA, thence to NORTH AMERICA. 917. V. Blattaria L. MOTH MULLEN. Along Union Pacific Railroad, near Boulder, 5200-5400 ft. (Daniels, 677). EUROPE and ASIA, thence to NORTH AMERICA. 396. LINARIA Mill. TOAD-FLAX. 918. L. Canadensis (L.) Dumont. CANADA TOAD-FLAX. Common on the mesas in pine groves south of the Chautau- qua grounds, 5700-6000 ft. (Daniels, 179). NOVA SCOTIA to WASHINGTON; FLORIDA to CALIFORNIA: CENTRAL AMERICA: SOUTH AMERICA. 397. COLLINSIA Nutt. INNOCENCE. 919. C. tenella (Pursh) Piper [C. parviflora Dougl.] LITTLE BLUE-EYED MARY. Shady springs and canons in the foothills and gulches in the mesas, 5700-9000 ft. (Daniels, 267). Also at Ward (Ryd- berg). St. Vrain's Canon ( Coulter in Wabash College Herb.). ONTARIO to BRITISH COLUMBIA ; MICHIGAN to ARIZONA and CALIFORNIA. 398. SCROPHTJLABIA L. FIGWORT. 920. S. occidentalis (Rydb.) Bickn. [S. nodosa occidentals Rydb.]. WESTERN FIGWORT. Canons, common, 5700-8600 ft. (Daniels, 127). NORTH DAKOTA to WASHINGTON; OKLAHOMA to CALIFOR- NIA. 399. PENTSTEMON Soland. BEARD-TONGUE. 921. P. oreophilus Rydb. MOUNTAIN BEARD-TONGUE. Common on the foothills and mountains, 6500-10000 ft. 212 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [360 (Daniels, 213). Also from Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg). COLORADO. 922. P. alpinus Torr. [P. glaber alpinus Gray; P. riparius A. Nels.]. ALPINE BEARD-TONGUE. Common on the foothills and mountains, 6000-10000 ft. (Daniels, 214). Also at Ward (Rydberg). COLORADO to WYOMING. 923. P. unilateralis Rydb. ONE-SIDED BEARD-TONGUE. Common throughout in open places, 5300-8600 ft. (Daniels, 7). Also from Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg). WYOMING to NEW MEXICO. 924. P. secundiflorus Benth. SHARP-LEAVED BEARD-TONGUE. Common throughout in open situations, 5100-8600 ft. (Dan- iels, 8). WYOMING to NEW MEXICO. 925. P. glaucus Graham. GLAUCOUS BEARD-TONGUE. Mountains south of Ward (Rydberg). WYOMING to UTAH; COLORADO to ARIZONA. 925a. P. glaucus stenosepalus Gray. NARROW-SEPALLED BEARD- TONGUE. Arapahoe Peak at timberline, nooo ft. (Daniels, 936). Also Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg). Redrock lake 10100 ft. (Ramaley and Robbins). Range of the type, but strictly alpine. 926. P. gracilis Nutt. SLENDER BEARD-TONGUE. Common on the plains, mesas, and lower foothills, 5100- 8000 ft. (Daniels, 22). MANITOBA to SASKATCHEWAN; TEXAS to COLORADO. 927. P. humilis Nutt. Low BEARD-TONGUE. Common throughout in open places, 5100-9200 (Ward) ft. (Daniels, 177). Also Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg). MONTANA and ALBERTA to COLORADO and NEVADA. 928. P. Kydbergii A. Nels. [P. erosus Rydb.]. RYDBERG' s BEARD-TONGUE. 361] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 213 Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg). WYOMING and WASHINGTON to COLORADO. 9281/2- P. procerus Dougl. TALL BEARD-TONGUE. Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley and Robbins). SASKATCHEWAN to BRITISH COLUMBIA; COLORADO to CAL- IFORNIA. 400. CHIONOPHUA Benth. SNOW-FLOWER. 929. C. Jamesii Benth. JAMES'S SNOW-FLOWER. Arapahoe Peak above timberline, growing usually near the snow, 11500-13500 ft. (Daniels, 911). WYOMING to COLORADO. 401. MIMULTTS L. MONKEY FLOWER. 930. M. Langsdorfii Sims. LANGSDORF'S MONKEY FLOWER. Between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg). ASSINIBOIA to ALASKA; NEW MEXICO to CALIFORNIA and MEXICO. 9303. M. Langsdorfii minor (A. Nels.) Cockerell. Nov. comb. [M. minor A. Nelson]. SMALL LANGSDORF'S MONKEY FLOWER. Near Boulder, the type locality (A. Nelson). COLORADO. 931. M. puberulus Greene. PUBERULENT MONKEY FLOWER. Subalpine bogs along streams, Eldora, 8600 ft. (Daniels, 853). COLORADO. 932. M. Hallii Greene. HALL'S MONKEY FLOWER. Moist banks of stream at foot of Flagstaff Hill, 5700-6000 ft. (Daniels, 25). COLORADO. 933. M. Geyeri Torr. [M. Jamesii T. & G.] GEYER'S MON- KEY FLOWER. Along streams and irrigation ditches, 5100-7000 ft. (Dan- iels, 904). MICHIGAN to NORTH DAKOTA; ILLINOIS to COLORADO. 214 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [362 934. M. floribundus Dougl. MANY-FLOWERED MONKEY FLOW- ER. Common in wet sands along streams and ditches, 5100-8000 ft. (Daniels, 247). Also mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg). MONTANA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; ARIZONA to CALIFORNIA. 402. LIMOSELLA L. MUDWORT. 935. L. aquatica L. AQUATIC MUDWORT. In shallow water at the margins of Owen's lake, and also Glacier lake, 5200-9000 ft. (Daniels, 662). Cosmopolitan in cold and alpine situations. 403. GRATIOLA L. HEDGE HYSSOP. 936. Gr. Virginiana L. CLAMMY HEDGE HYSSOP. Limose places along streams and irrigation ditches, 5100- 5800 ft. (Daniels, 377). Marshall lake (W. W. Robbins). QUEBEC to BRITISH COLUMBIA; FLORIDA to CALIFORNIA. 404. VERONICA L. SPEEDWELL. BROOKLIME. 937. V. Americana Schwein. AMERICAN BROOKLIME. In springs and shallow streams, 5100-8000 ft. (Daniels, 70). ANTICOSTI to ALASKA; PENNSYLVANIA to CALIFORNIA. 938. V. Wormskjoldii R. & S. WORM SKJ OLD'S SPEEDWELL. Arapahoe Peak above timberline, 11000-12000 ft. (Daniels, 927). Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley and Robbins). GREENLAND to ALASKA ; NEW HAMPSHIRE to COLORADO and CALIFORNIA. 939. V. serpyllifolia L. THYME-LEAVED SPEEDWELL. Aspen bogs at Eldora, 8600 ft. (Daniels, 869). Also at Caribou (Rydberg). COSMOPOLITAN, except AFRICA and AUSTRALIA. 940. V. Xalapensis H. B. K. XALAPA SPEEDWELL. Common in limose places, 5100-8000 ft. (Daniels, 577). Young's V. peregrina from the forests about Boulder is doubt- less this plant. 363] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 21$ SASKATCHEWAN to BRITISH COLUMBIA; TEXAS to CALIFOR- NIA. 941. V. agrestis L. FIELD SPEEDWELL. Boulder, April, 1905 (Chas. Sellers). Not in Rydberg's Flora. EUROPE and ASIA, thence to NORTH AMERICA. 942. V. Byzantina (Sibth. & Smith) B. S. P. [V. Buxbaumii Tenore]. BYZANTINE SPEEDWELL. At Boulder (Rydberg). EUROPE and ASIA, thence to NORTH AMERICA. 405. BESSEYA Rydb. 943. B. alpina (Gray) Rydb. [Synthyris alpina Gray]. AL- PINE SYNTHYRIS. Massif de T Arapahoe (Rydberg). WYOMING to COLORADO. 406. GERARDIA L. PURPLE FALSE FOXGLOVE. 944. GK Besseyana Britton. BESSEY'S PURPLE FALSE FOXGLOVE. Along irrigation ditches, Arapahoe Road, 5200-5400 ft. (Daniels, 789). Also at Longmont (Rydberg). IOWA to WYOMING; LOUISIANA to COLORADO. 407. CASTILLEJA Mutis. PAINTED CUP. INDIAN PINK. PAINT BRUSH. 945. C. linariaefolia Benth. TOAD-FLAX-LEAVED PAINTED CUP. Very common on the foothills and mountain slopes, and occasional on the higher mesas, 5800-9000 ft. (Daniels, 538). Also North Boulder Peak (Rydberg). WYOMING to NEW MEXICO, CALIFORNIA and MEXICO 9453. C. linariaefolia filiformis Daniels. Nov. var. FILLFORM TOAD-FLAX-LEAVED PAINTED CUP. Plant dwarf, 1-2*4 decimetres high, stem purplish, villous at the base, leaves filiform, i mm. wide, 3-4^4 cm- long, the lower with an occasional lobe or two; flowers few with cleft bracts, the lower of which are green, the upper crimson, these and the flowers puberulent, rather than villous as in the type. 2l6 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [364 Barren ridges between Sugarloaf Mountain and Glacier Lake, 8700-9200 ft. (Daniels, 976). 946. C. Crista-galli Rydb. COCKSCOMB PAINTED CUP. Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg). MONTANA to COLORADO. 947. C. cognata Greene. YELLOW PAINTED CUP. North slopes of Green Mountain; rare, 7000 ft. (Daniels, 975). Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell suggests that this plant is probably a hybrid of C. linariaefolia Benth. and C. sulphured Rydb. COLORADO. 948. C. Integra Gray. ENTIRE-LEAVED PAINTED CUP. Abundant throughout, except on the alpine summits ; on the plains occurring principally on banks and ridges, 5600-9000 ft. (Daniels, 169). Also from Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg). COLORADO to NEW MEXICO, ARIZONA and MEXICO. 948^. C. rhexifolia Rydb. RHEXIA-LEAVED PAINTED CUP. Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley and Robbins). ALBERTA and ALASKA to COLORADO. 949. C. confusa Greene. CONFUSED PAINTED CUP. Subalpine meadows, but a few plants were also found on a high bank in the mesas at base of the Flat-irons, 5800-10000 ft. (Daniels, 959). Also at Silver lake and north of Neder- land (Ramaley); and from Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg). WYOMING to COLORADO. 950. C. Arapahoensis Daniels. Nov. spec. ARAPAHOE PAINT- ED CUP. Perennial, the tufted stems, 2-2% dm. high, curved at the base, smooth or slightly pubescent below, sparingly villous with white hairs above; basal leaves short, purplish, obtusely spatulate, 8-10 mm. long, about 3 mm. wide; lower stem- leaves, as well as the leaves of the sterile shoots narrowly linear 2^-3^4 cm. long, 3-5 mm. wide, acuminate, 3-ribbed, puberulent; thence the leaves increase progressively in width to the inflorescence, where they are from J^-i cm. wide, Ian- 365] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 217 ceolate acuminate, slightly-clasping at the base, entire, the up- permost pubescent, or somewhat villous on the midribs and margins, three-ribbed, the leaf-traces visible as prominent ridges on the stem; bracts of the inflorescence relatively broad, the lowermost i-ij4 cm- broad, about 2 cm. long, sub- acute; the uppermost shorter and relatively broader, obtuse or rounded at the apex; some of the bracts occasionally notched toward the apices, or slightly lobed on each side; the margins and veins somewhat villous; the bracts, as well as the uppermost leaves rosy-pink; calyx with four nearly equal subacute lobes, the sinus of the lateral lobes shallow; calyx rosy-pink, villous; corolla exserted, 2% cm. long, glabrous, or slightly puberulent above, the tip of the galea rosy pink, which is thrice the length of the slightly incurved lip; the upper pair of stamens more or less extruded from the galea; cap- sule black-purple 4-5 mm. long, oblong, abruptly acutish. Wet tundras, above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, Sept. I, 1906, IIOOO-I2000 ft. (Daniels, 910). 951. C. lauta A. Nels. [C. oreopola subintegra Fernald]. SUB- ENTIRE PAINTED CUP. Near Fourth of July Mine (Ramaley and Robbins). MONTANA and OREGON to COLORADO. 952. C. lancifolia Rydb. LANCE-LEAVED PAINTED CUP. Mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg). ALASKA to OREGON, MONTANA and COLORADO. 953. C. occidentalis Torr. [C. pallida occidentals (Torr.) Gray]. WESTERN PAINTED CUP. Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11000-13000 ft. (Daniels, 884), where also collected by Ramaley & Robbins. Also at Ward (Rydberg). A dwarf alpine form (about i dm. high) occurs on the higher altitudes of Arapahoe Peak. ALBERTA and BRITISH COLUMBIA to COLORADO. 954. C. sulphurea Rydb. SULPHUR PAINTED CUP. Subalpine mountain-slopes and valleys at Eldora and Glacier Lake, 8500-10000 ft. (Daniels, 623). Also at Ward (Ryd- berg). 218 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [366 SOUTH DAKOTA to WYOMING ; COLORADO to UTAH. 408. ORTHOCABPUS Nutt. 955. 0. luteus Nutt. YELLOW ORTHOCARPUS. Abundant on the plains and mesas, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 352). Also between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg). SASKATCHEWAN to WASHINGTON ; COLORADO to NEVADA. 409. ELEPHANTELLA Rydb. LITTLE RED ELEPHANT. 956. E. Groenlandica (Retz.) Rydb. [Pedicularis Groenlan- dica Retz.]. GREENLAND LITTLE RED ELEPHANT. Subalpine meadows at Eldora, thence to Arapahoe Peak above timberline, 8500-12000 ft. (Daniels, 625). Also from Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg) ; Ward (Cockerell). GREENLAND and HUDSON BAY to BRITISH COLUMBIA; LAB- RADOR to NEW MEXICO and CALIFORNIA. 410. PEDICULARIS L. LOUSEWORT. 957. P. racemosa Dougl. RACEMOSE LOUSEWORT. Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg). Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley and Robbins). MONTANA to BRITISH COLUMBIA ; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA. 958. P. Parryi Gray. PARRY'S LOUSEWORT. Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11000-12000 ft. (Daniels). 1023). Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley & Robbins). WYOMING to COLORADO and UTAH. 959. P. Grayi A. Nels. [P. procera Gray]. GRAY'S LOUSE- WORT. Subalpine slopes at Eldora, 8500-10000 ft. (Daniels, 644). Also at Ward (Cockerell). WYOMING to COLORADO. 960. P. scopulorum Gray. CRAG LOUSEWORT. Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11000-12000 ft. (Daniels, 882). Redrock lake, 10100 ft (Ramaley and Robbins). COLORADO. 367] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO Family 100. PINGUICULACEAE. Dumort. Butterwort family. 411. TTTRICTTLARIA L. BLADDERWORT. 961- IT. vulgaris L. COMMON BLADDERWORT. Cold marsh near Long's Peak (Porter & Coulter). NORTH AMERICA: EUROPE: ASIA. Eamily 101. OROBANCHACEAE. Lindl. Broom-rape family. 412. THALESIA Raf. CANCER-ROOT. 962. T. fasciculata (Nutt.) Britton [Aphyllon fasciculatum (Nutt.) Gray]. CLUSTERED CANCER-ROOT. Plains, mesas and foothills, 5100-8000 ft. (Daniels, 18). All the plants collected were parasitic on the roots of Psoralea tenuiflora Pursh. My plants, as also some collected by Prof. Cockerell north of Boulder, have larger calyx lobes (5-6 mm.) than is usual in eastern plants. INDIANA to YUKON ; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA and MEXICO. 9623. T. fasciculata lutea (Parry) Britton. YELLOW CLUS- TERED CANCER-ROOT. Boulder (W. P. Cockerell). Range of the type? Order 39. PLANTAGINALES. Family 102. PLANT AGIN ACEAE. Lindl. Plantain family. 413. PLANTAGO L. PLANTAIN. 963. P. major L. COMMON PLANTAIN. Waste places and along ditches, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 675). Cosmopolitan. 964. P. lanceolata L. ENGLISH PLANTAIN. RIBGRASS. Waste places and roadsides, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 793). EUROPE and ASIA, now cosmopolitan. 965. P. Purshii R. & S. [P. Patagonica gnaphalioides (Nutt.) Gray]. PURSH'S PLANTAIN. 220 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [368 Common on the plains, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 494). ONTARIO to BRITISH COLUMBIA; MISSOURI and TEXAS to ARIZONA and MEXICO. Order 4o. RUBIALES. Family 103. RUBIACEAE. Juss. Madder family. 414. GAIITTM L. BEDSTRAW. 966. G. Vaillantii DC. [G. Aparine Vaillantii Koch]. VAIL- LANT'S BEDSTRAW. In gulches and canons, mainly in the shade, 5100-8000 ft. (Daniels, 120). MONTANA and BRITISH COLUMBIA to MEXICO. 967. G. boreale L. NORTHERN BEDSTRAW. Common on the mesas, foothills and mountainsides, 5600- 8600 ft. (Daniels, 89). Also between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg). QUEBEC to ALASKA; NEW JERSEY to CALIFORNIA: EUROPE: ASIA. 968. G. flaviflorum Heller. YELLOW-FLOWERED BEDSTRAW. In gulches at base of the Flat-irons, 5700-6000 ft. (Daniels, 499)- COLORADO to NEW MEXICO. 969. G. triflorum Michx. FRAGRANT BEDSTRAW. Canons of the foothills, 6000-8000 ft. (Daniels, 466). NEWFOUNDLAND to ALASKA ; ALABAMA to CALIFORNIA. Family 104. CAPRIFOLIACEAE. Vent. Honeysuckle family. 415. SAMBUCUS L. ELDER. 970. S. microbotrys Rydb. SMALL-BERRIED ELDER. Slopes at Ward, 9200 ft. (Daniels, 306). Also between Sun- shine and Ward (Rydberg); Spencer Mountain at Eldora; Silver lake; foot of Long's Peak; Redrock lake, west of Ward (Ramaley). SOUTH DAKOTA to WYOMING; COLORADO to ARIZONA. 369] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 221 971. S. melanocarpa Gray. BLACK-BERRIED ELDER. Sugarloaf Mountain and North Boulder creek (Ramaley). ALBERTA to IDAHO, COLORADO and OREGON. 416. VIBURNUM L. ARROWWOOD. 972. V. pauciflorum Pylaie. HIGH-BUSH CRANBERRY. Sugarloaf Mountain (Ramaley). LABRADOR to ALASKA; PENNSYLVANIA to COLORADO and ALASKA. 973. V. Lentago L. SHEEPBERRY. NANNYBERRY. Gulch south of Boulder (Rydberg). Also Bluebell Canon, if indeed the locality is not the same (Ramaley). MAINE to MANITOBA; GEORGIA to COLORADO. 417. LINNAEA Gron. TWIN-FLOWER. 974. L. Americana Forbes. AMERICAN TWIN-FLOWER. South Boulder Peak (Rydberg). Also Magnolia; Eldora; Spencer Mountain at Eldora; foot of Arapahoe Peak; hill south of Ward (Ramaley). GREENLAND to ALASKA ; NEW JERSEY and MICHIGAN to COL- ORADO and UTAH. 418. SYMPHORICARPOS Juss. SNOW-BERRY. 975. S. occidentalis Hook. WESTERN SNOW-BERRY. Abundant on the higher mesas and foothills, 5700-8000 ft. (Daniels, 94). Also between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg). South Boulder creek (Ramaley). MACKENZIE to BRITISH COLUMBIA; MICHIGAN and MIS- SOURI to COLORADO. 976. S. vaccinioides Rydb. HUCKLEBERRY INDIAN CURRANT. Sugarloaf; foot of Long's Peak (Ramaley). MONTANA to WASHINGTON ; COLORADO to NEVADA. 977. S. oreophilus Gray. MOUNTAIN INDIAN CURRANT. Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg). COLORADO to UTAH ; NEW MEXICO to ARIZONA. 222 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES 419. DISTEGIA Raf. FLY-HONEYSUCKLE. 978. D. involucrata (Richards.) Cockerell [Lonicera involu- crata (Richards.) Banks]. INVOLUCRED FLY-HONEY- SUCKLE. Common in cool, deep canons, 6500-9000 ft. (Daniels, 340). Also from Eldora to Baltimore and in the mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg) : Allen's Park; Eldora; Spen- cer Mountain; Redrock lake; Ward (Ramaley). QUEBEC to ALASKA; MICHIGAN to CALIFORNIA and MEX- ICO. Family 105. ADOXACEAE. Fritch. Moschatel family. 420. ADOXA L. MOSCHATEL. 979. A. Moschatellina L. MUSK-ROOT. Boulder Canon (Rydberg). ARCTIC AMERICA to WISCONSIN and COLORADO: EUROPE: ASIA. Order 41. CAMPANULALES. Family 106. CUCURBITACEAE. Juss. Gourd family. 421. MICRAMPELIS Raf. BALSAM APPLE. 980. M. lobata (Michx.) Greene [Echinocystis lobata (Michx.) T. & G.]. WILD BALSAM APPLE. Fence-rows and waste places, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 743) . MAINE to MONTANA; VIRGINIA to COLORADO. Family 107. CAMPANULACEAE. Juss. Bellflower family. 422. CAMPANULA L. BELLFLOWER. HAREBELL. BLUEBELL. 981. C. nniflora L. ARCTIC HAREBELL. Arapahoe Peak above timberline, 11000-12000 ft. (Daniels, 938). Arctic-alpine in the NORTHERN HEMISPHERE. 982. C. Parryi Gray. PARRY'S HAREBELL. Foothills and mountain slopes, 6500-9000 ft. (Daniels, 101)^ 37 1] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 223 Also from Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg). WYOMING to UTAH ; NEW MEXICO to ARIZONA. 983. C. petiolata DC. WESTERN BLUEBELL. Abundant throughout, 5100-9000 ft. (Daniels, 27). Red- rock lake, loioo ft. (Ramaley & Robbins). MACKENZIE to WASHINGTON ; NEW MEXICO to UTAH. 423. SPECULABJA Heist. VENUS'S LOOKING-GLASS. 984. S. perfoliata (L.) A. D C. \Legouzia perfoliata (L.) Britton]. COMMON VENUS' s LOOKING-GLASS. Common on the plains, mesas and foothills, 5100-8000 ft. (Daniels, 56). MAINE and ONTARIO to BRITISH COLUMBIA; FLORIDA to ARIZONA and OREGON ; MEXICO. 985. S. leptocarpa (Nutt.) Gray [Legouzia leptocarpa (Nutt.) Britton]. WESTERN VENUS'S LOOKING-GLASS. Mesas at foot of the Flat-irons, 5600-6000 ft. (Daniels, 192). MISSOURI to MONTANA; TEXAS to COLORADO. Family 108. LOBELIACEAE. Dumort. Lobelia family. 424. LOBELIA L. LOBELIA. 986. L. syphilitica Ludoviciana A. D C. LOUISIANA GREAT BLUE LOBELIA. Along ditches and streams in the plains, 5100-5600 ft. (Dan- iels, 784). LOUISIANA and SOUTH DAKOTA to COLORADO. Order 42. VALERIANALES. Family 109. VALERIANACEAE. Batsch. Valerian family. 425. VALEBIANA L. VALERIAN. 987. V. ceratophylla (Hook.) Piper [V- edulis Nutt.]. ED- IBLE VALERIAN. Subalpine meadows at Eldora, 8500-9000 ft. (Daniels, 626). IDAHO to MONTANA; COLORADO to UTAH. 224 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [372 Order 43. CARD U ALES. Family no, AMBROSIACEAE. Reich. Ragweed family. 426. IVA L. MARSH -ELDER. 988. I. xanthiifolia (Fresen.) Nutt. BURWEED MARSH-ELDER. Common on the plains along streams, and in waste places, and following the larger streams several miles into the foot- hills and mountains, 5100-7000 ft. (Daniels, 821). Also in Sunset Canon (Rydberg). MICHIGAN and SASKATCHEWAN to WASHINGTON ; NEBRASKA to NEW MEXICO. 989. I. axillaris Pursh. SMALL-FLOWERED MARSH-ELDER. Railroads and waste places, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 832). SASKATCHEWAN to BRITISH COLUMBIA ; OKLAHOMA to CAL- IFORNIA. 427. AMBROSIAL. RAGWEED. 990. A. trifida L. GREAT RAGWEED. HORSE-CANE. Common along streams and in low waste places, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 378). QUEBEC to ASSINIBOIA; FLORIDA to COLORADO. 99oa. A. trifida integrifola (Muhl.) T. & G. ENTIRE-LEAVED RAGWEED. With the preceding (Daniels, 596). Range of the type? 991. A. artemisiaefolia L. COMMON RAGWEED. Waste places and fields, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 520). NOVA SCOTIA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; FLORIDA to COLORADO. 992. A. psilostachya DC. WESTERN RAGWEED. On the plains, especially along railroads, 5100-6000 ft. (Dan- iels, 516). Also at Lyons (Rydberg). MICHIGAN to SASKATCHEWAN and IDAHO; LOUISIANA to CALIFORNIA and MEXICO. 428. GAERTNEKIA Med. 993. G. tomentosa (Nutt.) Heller [Franseria discolor Nutt.]. 373 J FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 22$ WOOLLY GAERTNERIA. Along railroads in the plains, 5100-5400 ft. (Daniels, 510). SOUTH DAKOTA to WYOMING; KANSAS to NEW MEXICO. 429. XANTHIUM L. COCKLEBUR. 994. X. commune Britton. COMMON COCKLEBUR. Along streams and in waste places, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 695). QUEBEC and NEW YORK to UTAH and ARIZONA. Family in. CARDUACEAE. Necker. Thistle family. 430. EITPATORIUM L. THOROUGHWORT. 995. E. maculatum L. SPOTTED JOE-PYE WEED. Springy gulch at foot of Flagstaff Hill, 5800-6000 ft. (Dan- iels, 801). NEW YORK to BRITISH COLUMBIA; KENTUCKY to NEW MEXICO. 431. KTTHNIAL. 995^. K. Hitchcockii A. Nels. HITCHCOCK'S KUHNIA. Marshall, collected by E. Bethel, (J. C. Arthur, in Mycol- ogia, Nov., 1909, p. 233). Host of a fungus, Puccinia Kuhn- iae Schw. KANSAS to COLORADO. 996. K. glutinosa Ell. [K. eupatorioides corymbulosa T. & G.] . STICKY KUHNIA. Frequent on the plains, mesas, and lower foothills, 5100-6500 ft. (Daniels, 686). ILLINOIS to MONTANA ; KENTUCKY to COLORADO. 997. K. Gooddingii A. Nels. GOODDING'S KUHNIA. Plains and mesas, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 727). The type is from West Dry Creek, Larimer County, Colorado. COLORADO to TEXAS and ARIZONA. 432. COLEOSANTHTJS Cass. BRICKELLIA. 998. C. minor (Gray) Daniels. Nov. comb. [Brickellia grandi- flora minor Gray; C. umbellatus Greene; C. congestus A. Nels.]. UMBELLATE BRICKELLIA. Common on the foothills and mountains, 5800-10000 ft. 226 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [374 (Daniels, 551). Also mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg). WYOMING to NEW MEXICO and ARIZONA. 999. C. albicanlis Rydb. WHITE-STEMMED BRICKELLIA. Among rocks and in rocky canons in the foothills, 6000-8500 ft. (Daniels, 822). COLORADO to NEW MEXICO and UTAH. 433. LACINIABIA Hill. BLAZING-STAR. BUTTON- SNAKEROOT. loco. L. punctata (Hook.) Kuntze [Liatris punctata Hook.]. DOTTED BLAZING-STAR. Abundant on the plains, mesas, and meadows on the foot- hills and mountains, 5100-9000 ft. (Daniels, 615). Also in the mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydb.). Very varia- ble; an extreme form, gathered in alkali flats near Boulder lake, (Daniels, 768) simulates L. acidota (Engelm. & Gray) Kuntze. IOWA . to SASKATCHEWAN and MONTANA ; TEXAS to ARI- ZONA. 1001. L. ligulistylis A. Nels. PURPLE-BRACTED BLAZING-STAR. Bear Canon, 7000 ft. (Daniels, 758). SASKATCHEWAN to COLORADO. 434. GUTIERREZIA Lag. 1002. G. longifolia Greene. LONG-LEAVED GUTIERREZIA. Common on the plains and mesas, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 595). COLORADO to NEW MEXICO and UTAH. 1003. G. scoparia Rydb. BROOM GUTIERREZIA. Plains and mesas, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 984). WYOMING to COLORADO. 435. GRINDELIA Willd. GUM PLANT. 1004. G. Texana Scheele. TEXAN GUM PLANT. Lower Boulder Canon (Rydberg). TEXAS to NEW MEXICO and COLORADO. 1005. G. serrulata Rydb. SERRULATE GUM PLANT. 375] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 22? Very abundant on the plains, mesas, and foothills, 5100- 7000 ft. (Daniels, 385). WYOMING to COLORADO. ioo5a. G. semilata Rydb. X G. perennis A. Nels. Plants apparently intermediate between this species and the next were found on the plains in Boulder (Daniels, 837). 1006. G. perennis A. Nels. PERENNIAL GUM PLANT. Plains, mesas, and foothills, 5100-7000 ft. (Daniels, 836). SASKATCHEWAN to IDAHO and COLORADO. 1007. G. erecta A. Nels. ERECT GUM PLANT. Mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg). WYOMING to COLORADO. 1008. G. subalpina Greene. SUBALPINE GUM PLANT. Common at Eldora, 8500-10000 ft. (Daniels, 845). Also at Boulder (Rydberg). WYOMING to COLORADO. 1009. Gr. Eldorae Daniels, Nov. sp. ELDORA GUM PLANT. Plant glabrous, apparently biennial, 3 dm. tall, branched from, or near the base, the secondary branches 1-2 headed; radical and lower cauline leaves oblanceolate, 3-6 cm. long, slender-petioled, remotely toothed or incised; upper cauline leaves, linear or narrowly oblanceolate, small and bract-like, slightly toothed, subentire, or entire, 1-3 cm. long, 5-8 mm. wide; heads copiously glutinous, i-i^ cm. broad; bracts num- erous, narrow, the tips squarrose-spreading ; rays numerous, 1-3 mm. wide, barbules of the pappus plainly obvious. Eldora, 8500-8700 ft. (Daniels, 859). Plant near G. subalpina Greene, but differing in its smaller, narrower and less prominently toothed or entire leaves, and especially in its smaller heads, which are only about one-half as broad. 436. CHRYSOPSIS Nutt. GOLDEN ASTER. 1010. C. hirsutissima Greene. HAIRIEST GOLDEN ASTER. Plains between Boulder and Marshall along railroad, 5400 ft. (Daniels, 1024). 22g UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES NORTH DAKOTA to SASKATCHEWAN; COLORADO to ARIZONA. ioioy2. C. foliosa Nutt. LEAFY GOLDEN ASTER. Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley and Robbins). MINNESOTA to WASHINGTON ; KANSAS to COLORADO. ion. C. caudata Rydb. CAUDATE GOLDEN ASTER. Mesas, foothills, and mountain slopes, common, 5700-9000 ft. (Daniels, 356). COLORADO. 10 1 2. C. villosa (Pursh) Nutt. VILLOUS GOLDEN ASTER. Abundant on the plains and foothills, 5100-8000 ft. (Daniels, i). MINNESOTA to IDAHO; TEXAS to NEW MEXICO. 1013. C. amplifolia Rydb. AMPLE-LEAVED GOLDEN ASTER. Foothills and mountain slopes, 6000-8000 ft. (Daniels, 687). Also at Ward, and Longmont (Rydb.). COLORADO. 1014. C. Bakeri Greene [C. incana Greene; C. compacta Greene] . BAKER'S GOLDEN ASTER. Mountainsides at Eldora, 8500-9000 ft. (Daniels, 862). A plant was gathered in Gregory Canon, which appears interme- diate between this and the preceding. MONTANA and IDAHO to NEW MEXICO. 1015. C. arida A. Nels. ARID GOLDEN ASTER. Boulder (Rydb.). KANSAS to MONTANA; NEW MEXICO to ARIZONA. 1016. C. resinolens A. Nels. RESINOUS GOLDEN ASTER. Plains and foothills, 5100-7000 ft. (Daniels, 293). WYOMING to COLORADO. ioi6a. C. resinolens obtusata A. Nels. OBTUSE-LEAVED RESI- NOUS GOLDEN ASTER. Foot of the Flat-irons, and mountainsides at Eldora, 6000- 9000 ft. (Daniels, 809). Also mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg). Range of the type, but usually at higher altitudes. 1017. C. hispida (Hook.) Nutt. [C. villosa hispida Gray]. HlSPID GOLDEN ASTER. 377] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 22Q Plains about Boulder, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 831). SASKATCHEWAN to ALBERTA; NEW MEXICO to ARIZONA. 1018. C. Cooperi A. Nels. COOPER'S GOLDEN ASTER. Long's Peak near timberline, the type locality, (A. Nels). COLORADO. 437. CHRYSOTHAMNTIS Nutt. RABBIT-BRUSH. 1019. C. Parryi (Gray) Greene [Bigelovia Parryi Gray]. PARRY'S RABBIT-BRUSH. Subalpine valley at Eldora, 8700 ft. (Daniels, 866). WYOMING to COLORADO. 1020. C. graveolens (Nutt.) Greene [C. nauseosus graveo- lens (Nutt.) Piper]. HEAVY-SCENTED RABBIT-BRUSH. Mesa south of the Chautauqua grounds, Boulder, (Rama- ley). NEBRASKA to MONTANA; NEW MEXICO to UTAH. 1021. C. pulcherrimus A. Nels. FAIREST RABBIT-BRUSH. Alkali flat east of Boulder near Owen's lake, 5200-5300 ft. (Daniels, 663). MONTANA to COLORADO. io2ia. C. pulcherrinms fascieulatus A. Nels. FASCICULATE RABBIT-BRUSH. Boulder creek, the type locality (A. Nels.). 1022. C. elegans Greene. HANDSOME RABBIT-BRUSH. Subalpine valley at Eldora, 8700 ft. (Daniels, 867). COLORADO. 438. SIDERANTHUS Nutt. STAR-FLOWER. 1023. S. annims Rydb. ANNUAL STAR-FLOWER. Arapahoe Road east of Boulder, 5300 ft. (Daniels, 726). NEBRASKA and COLORADO to TEXAS. 1024. S. spinulosus (Pursh) Sweet [Aplopappus spinulosus (Pursh) DC.]. SPINULOSE STAR-FLOWER. Frequent on the plains, 5100-5700 ft. (Daniels, 473). MINNESOTA to SASKATCHEWAN and MONTANA; TEXAS to ARIZONA. 439. PYRROCOMA Nutt. 1025. P. crocea (Gray) Greene [A. croceus Gray]. YELLOW 230 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [378 PYRROCOMA. Boulder (Rydb.). WYOMING to NEW MEXICO and ARIZONA. 440. OREOCHRYSTJM Rydb. MOUNTAIN- GOLD. 1026. 0. Parryi (Gray) Rydb. [Aplopappus Parryi Gray]. PARRY'S MOUNTAIN GOLD. Slopes of Green Mt. ; common in the mountains at Eldora, ascending on Arapahoe Peak to the timberline, 7000-11000 ft. (Daniels, 752). Also mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydb.). WYOMING to NEW MEXICO and ARIZONA. . 441. TONESTUSA. Nels. 1027. T. pygmaeus (T. & G.) A. Nels. [Aplopappus pygmaeus (T. & G.) Gray; Macronema pygmaeum (T. & G.) Greene]. PYGMY TONESTUS. Arapahoe Peak above timberline, 11000-12000 ft. (Dan- iels, 917). WYOMING to COLORADO. 442. SOLIDAGO L. GOLDEN ROD. 1028. S. decumbens Greene [S. humilis nana Gray]. DECUM- BENT GOLDEN ROD. Barren ridges at Glacier lake, and above timberline on Arapahoe Peak, 9000-12000 ft. (Daniels, 641). WYOMING to COLORADO. iO28a. S. decumbens minuescens A. Nels. DWARF DECUM- BENT GOLDEN ROD. Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley and Robbins). Range of the type. 1029. S. oreophila Rydb. [S. humilis Pattersonii Gandoger]. MOUNTAIN-LOVING GOLDEN ROD. Abundant on the foothills and mountains, 6000-11000 ft. (Daniels, 529). Also between Sunshine and Ward (Ryd- berg). MACKENZIE to COLORADO. 1030. S. dilatata A. Nels. OPEN-TOPPED GOLDEN ROD. 379] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 231 Mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg). Ac- cording to A. Nelson authentic specimens have been found from the type locality only, Yellowstone Park. WYOMING to COLORADO. 1031. S. pallida (Porter) Rydb. [S. speciosa pallida Porter]. PALE GOLDEN ROD. Mesa at foot of Flagstaff Hill, 5700-6000 ft. (Daniels, 802). Also Lower Boulder Canon (Rydberg). NORTH DAKOTA and NEBRASKA to COLORADO. 1032. S. viscidula Rydb. VISCID GOLDEN ROD. High mesas, foothills, and mountains, 5900-8600 ft. (Dan- iels, 375). COLORADO. 1033. S. glaberrima Martens. SMOOTHEST GOLDEN ROD. Common on the plains and foothills, 5100-8000 ft. (Dan- iels, 616). MICHIGAN to ALBERTA and IDAHO; MISSOURI to TEXAS and ARIZONA. 1034. S. concinna A. Nels. [S. Missouriensis extraria Gray]. STOUT MISSOURI GOLDEN ROD. Plains and foothills, 5100-8000 ft. (Daniels, 977). ALBERTA to BRITISH COLUMBIA and COLORADO. 1035. S. Pitcher! Nutt. PITCHER'S GOLDEN ROD. Along ditches and streams in the plains, 5100-6000 ft. (Dan- iels, 505). MINNESOTA to WASHINGTON ; ARKANSAS to COLORADO. 1036. S. polyphylla Rydb. MANY-LEAVED GOLDEN ROD. Along streams in the foothills, especially frequent in Greg- ory Canon, 6000-8000 ft. (Daniels, 823). BRITISH COLUMBIA and WASHINGTON to NEW MEXICO. 1037. S. Canadensis L. COMMON GOLDEN ROD. Boulder Canon near Falls, 7000 ft. (Daniels, 557). LABRADOR to MACKENZIE; FLORIDA to COLORADO. 1038. S. gilvocanescens Rydb. [S. Canadensis gilvocanescens Rydb.]. YELLOWISH-GRAY GOLDEN ROD. 232 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [380 Alkali flats and dry plains about Boulder lake and Owen's lake, 5100-5300 ft. (Daniels, 782). MINNESOTA to NORTH DAKOTA; NEBRASKA to COLORADO. 1039. S. nana Nutt. DWARF GOLDEN ROD. Dry slopes of Green Mountain, 6000-8100 ft. (Daniels, 825). An allied form occurs on the plains. MONTANA to COLORADO and ARIZONA. 1040. S. pulcherrima A. Nels. PRETTIEST GOLDEN ROD. Common on the plains about Boulder, 5100-6000 ft. (Dan- iels, 983). Also mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Ryd- berg). MINNESOTA to NORTH DAKOTA; COLORADO to ARIZONA. 1041. S. radulina Rydb. HARSH-LEAVED GOLDEN ROD. Plains, mesas, foothills and mountains, frequent, 5600-8000 ft. (Daniels, 753). Also at Meadow Park (Rydberg). COLORADO to UTAH. 1042. S. trinervata Greene. THREE-NERVED GOLDEN ROD. Boulder Canon, ascending at least as far as the Falls, 5500- 7000 ft. (Daniels, 553). SOUTH DAKOTA to WYOMING; COLORADO to ARIZONA. 1043. S. mollis Bartl. [S. nemoralis incana Gray]. HOARY GOLDEN ROD. Mesas at foot of the Flat-irons, and foothills along Boulder Canon, 5500-8000 ft. (Daniels, 574). NORTH DAKOTA to MONTANA; TEXAS to COLORADO. 443. OUGONETTRON Small. 1044. 0. canescens Rydb. [Solidago rigida humilis Porter]. HOARY STIFF GOLDEN ROD. Common on the plains, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 781). SASKATCHEWAN to MONTANA; NEBRASKA to COLORADO. 444. TOWNSENDIA Hook. 1045. T. grandiflora Nutt. LARGE-FLOWERED TOWNSENDIA. Common in rough hilly places throughout, 5100-8600 ft. (Daniels, 41). 38lJ FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 233 SOUTH DAKOTA to WYOMING; OKLAHOMA to COLORADO. 1046. T. exscapa (Richardson) Porter [T. sericea Hook.]. SILKY TOWNSENDIA. Common at Boulder (Cockerell). SASKATCHEWAN to MONTANA ; TEXAS to NEW MEXICO. 445. EUCEPHALUS Nutt. 1047. E- Engelmannii (Gray) Greene [Aster Engelmannii Gray]. ENGELMANN'S ASTER. In canons about Eldora, 8500-10000 ft. (Daniels, 841). MONTANA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; COLORADO to WASHING- TON. 1048. E. glaucus Nutt. [Aster glaucus (Nutt.) T. & G.]. GLAUCOUS ASTER. Hills adjoining Boulder Canon, and on the slopes of Green Mountain, local, 6000-8000 ft. (Daniels, 569). Also moun- tains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg). WYOMING to COLORADO and UTAH. 446. ASTER L. STARWORT. 1049. A- Underwoodii Rydb. UNDERWOOD'S ASTER. Canons and mountain sides at Eldora, 8500-10000 ft. (Dan- iels, 1025). Also Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg). WYOMING to COLORADO. 1050. A. Nelsonii Greene. NELSON'S ASTER. Subalpine valley at Eldora, 8600-8700 ft. (Daniels, 861). WYOMING to COLORADO. 1051. A. violaceus Greene. VIOLET ASTER. Canons at Eldora, 8600-8700 ft. (Daniels, 554). COLORADO. 1052. A. exiguus (Fern.) Rydb. [A. ciliatus Muhl.] CILIATE ASTER. Common on the plains and foothills, 5100-7000 ft. (Dan- iels, 999). Also in Sunset Canon (Rydb.). VERMONT to WASHINGTON ; PENNSYLVANIA to ARIZONA and MEXICO. 234 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [382 1053. A. crassulus Rydb. THICKISH. ASTER. Sunset Canon; common on the plains, 5100-8000 ft. (Dan- iels, 720). NORTH DAKOTA to IDAHO; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA. (?) 1054. A. polycephalus Rydb. MANY-HEADED ASTER. Common on the plains and foothills, 5100-7000 ft. (Dan- iels, 1000). ALBERTA to NEBRASKA ; TEXAS to ARIZONA. 1055. A. commutatus Gray [A. incanopilosus (Lindl.) Shel- don]. WHITE PRAIRIE ASTER. Common on the plains and foothills, 5100-7000 ft. (Dan- iels, 717). MINNESOTA to WYOMING; KANSAS to NEVADA. 1056. A. laevis L. SMOOTH ASTER. Canons and wooded slopes on the foothills, 5800-8000 ft. (Daniels, 685). ONTARIO to SASKATCHEWAN; LOUISIANA to NEW MEXICO. 1057. A. Porteri Gray. PORTER'S ASTER. Abundant throughout, 5100-10000 ft. (Daniels, 697). Also mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg). Very va- riable; an extreme form, only i-i^dm., high, was col- lected on bare ridges at Glacier lake. COLORADO. 1058. A laetevirens Greene. LIGHT-GREEN-LEAVED ASTER. Canons at Eldora, 8600-8700 ft. (Daniels, 858). COLORADO and WYOMING. 1059. A. coerulescens DC. [A. salicifolius coerulescens (DC.) Gray]. CAERULEAN ASTER. Swales in the plains, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 995). WYOMING to TEXAS. 1060. A. Osterhoutii Rydb. OSTERHOUT'S ASTER. About lakes and swales and along ditches in the plains, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 779). COLORADO. 383] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 235 1061. A. adscendens Lindl. ASCENDING ASTER. Mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg). ASSINIBOIA to COLORADO and NEVADA. 1062. A. Andrews!! A. Nels. ANDREWS'S ASTER. Near Eldora, 9500 ft., the type locality (Nelson). COLORADO. 1063. A. Eaton!! (Gray) Howell [A. foliaceus Eatonii Gray; Brachyactis hybrida Greene] . EATON'S ASTER. Banks of Boulder creek, 5400 ft. (Daniels, 592). MONTANA to BRITISH COLUMBIA ; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA. 447. MACHAERANTHERA Nees. 1064. M. Bigelovii (Gray) Greene [Aster Bigelovii Gray], BlGELOW's ASTER. Common on the plains and foothills, 5100-7000 ft. (Daniels, 724). COLORADO to NEW MEXICO. 1064^2. M. varians Greene. VARYING ASTER. Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley and Robbins). COLORADO to NEW MEXICO. 1065. M. coronopifolia (Nutt.) A. Nels. WART-CRESS-LEAVED ASTER. Eldora, 8600 ft. (Daniels, 1026). SOUTH DAKOTA to MONTANA; TEXAS to ARIZONA. 1066. M. aspera Greene. HARSH ASTER. High slopes of Green Mountain, 7500-8100 ft. (Daniels, 209). Also mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Ryd- berg). COLORADO. 1067. M. Patterson!! (Gray) Greene [Aster Patter sonii Gray]. PATTERSON'S ASTER. Caribou (Rydberg). COLORADO. 448. ERIGERON L. FLEABANE. 1068. E. lonchophyllus Hook. LANCE-LEAVED FLEABANE. 236 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [384 Subalpine bogs at Eldora, 8500-9000 ft. (Daniels, 856). SASKATCHEWAN to MONTANA ; COLORADO to NEVADA. 1069. E. minor (Hook.) Rydb. SMALLER FLEABANE. Aspen bogs at Eldora, 8500-9000 ft. (Daniels, 1027). SASKATCHEWAN to BRITISH COLUMBIA; COLORADO to UTAH. 1070. E. jucundus Greene [E. acris debilis Gray; E. debilis Rydb.]. PLEASANT FLEABANE. Massif de T Arapahoe, and Eldora to Baltimore (Ryd- berg). HUDSON BAY to BRITISH COLUMBIA; COLORADO to UTAH. 1071. E. pinnatisectus (Gray) A. Nels. [E. compositus pin- natisectus Gray] . PINNATE FLEABANE. South of Ward (Rydberg). WYOMING to COLORADO. 1072. E. compositus Pursh. COMPOSITE FLEABANE. Mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg). Long's Peak (Porter & Coulter; Coulter in Wabash College Herb.). MONTANA to YUKON; COLORADO to WASHINGTON. 1073. E. multifidus Rydb. MULTIFID FLEABANE. Ridges at Glacier lake, 8600-9000 ft. (Daniels, 307). Also from Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg). Sugarloaf Moun- tain (Cockerell). ASSINIBOIA to BRITISH COLUMBIA ; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA. 1074. E. trifidus Hook. [E. compositus trifidus (Hook.) Gray]. THREE-PARTED FLEABANE. Mountains about Ward, 9000-9500 ft. (Daniels, 757). ALBERTA and BRITISH COLUMBIA to COLORADO. 1075. E. melanocephalus A. Nels. [E. oreocharis Greene]. BLACK-HEADED FLEABANE. Wet tundras, Arapahoe Peak above timberline, 11000-12000 ft. (Daniels, 898). Also at Caribou (Rydberg). WYOMING to COLORADO. 1076. E. simplex Greene [E. unif torus Auct.]. SIMPLE FLEABANE. Wet tundras, Arapahoe Peak above timberline, 11000-12000 385] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 237 ft. (Daniels, 1008). LABRADOR and ARCTIC AMERICA to ALASKA; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA : EUROPE. 1077. E. leucotrichus Rydb. WHITE-HAIRED FLEABANE. Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11000-12000 ft. (Daniels, 875). Also at Caribou (Rydberg). Probably to be united with the preceding, of which it seems but a larger form. WYOMING to COLORADO. 1078. E. glandulosus Porter. GLANDULAR FLEABANE. High and bare ridges above Sunset between Sugarloaf Mountain and Glacier lake, 8500-9000 ft. (Daniels, 642). Also Boulder Canon (Porter and Coulter). WYOMING to COLORADO. 1078^. E. pumilus Nutt. SMALL FLEABANE. St. Vrain creek (Coulter in Wabash College Herb.). NORTH DAKOTA to WASHINGTON; KANSAS to UTAH. 1079. E. salsuginosus (Richardson) Gray. BROAD-RAYED FLEABANE. Along Arapahoe Trail to Arapahoe Peak above timberline, 9000-1200 ft. (Daniels, 873). Redrock lake, 10100 ft. Ramaley & Robbins). ALBERTA to ALASKA; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA. io79a. E. salsuginosus glacialis (Nutt.) Gray. ICE FLEABANE. At Caribou (Rydberg). Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Rama- ley and Robbins). WYOMING to NEW MEXICO and UTAH. 1080. E. superbus Greene. SUPERB FLEABANE. Rich slopes of Green Mountain, 7000-8100 ft. (Daniels, 973). Also mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Ryd- berg). COLORADO. 1081. E. salicinus Rydb. WILLOW FLEABANE. Boulder Canon on the hill slopes, 5700 ft. (Daniels, 288). COLORADO. 238 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [386 1082. E. macranthus Nutt. LARGE-FLOWERED FLEABANE. Common in the foothills and mountains, 6500-10000 ft. (Daniels, 472). Also at Sunset, and from Eldora to Balti- more (Rydberg). MONTANA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; COLORADO and UTAH to OREGON. io82a. E. macranthus minis A. Nelson. WONDERFUL FLEA- BANE. Boulder County, the type locality (Nelson). 1083. E. speciosus D C. SHOWY FLEABANE. Mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg). MONTANA to WASHINGTON; COLORADO and UTAH to OREGON. 1084. E. subtrinervis Rydb. THREE-NERVED FLEABANE. Mountainsides at Eldora, 8500-9000 ft. (Daniels, 646). SOUTH DAKOTA and WYOMING to NEW MEXICO. 1085. E. eximius Greene. CHOICE FLEABANE. Boulder Canon above the Falls and on mountainsides at Eldora, 7000-9000 ft. (Daniels, 860). Also from Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg). COLORADO. 1086. E. Smithii Rydb. SMITH'S FLEABANE. Subalpine meadows at Eldora, 8500-9000 ft. (Daniels, 865). COLORADO. 1087. E. ramosus (Walt.) B. S. P. [E. strigosus Muhl.]. COMMON FLEABANE. Fields and waste places on the plains, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, NOVA SCOTIA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; FLORIDA to CALI- FORNIA. 1088. E. Bellidastmm Nutt. DAISY FLEABANE. Mesas at foot of Flat-irons, 5700-6000 ft. (Daniels, 691). SOUTH DAKOTA to WYOMING ; KANSAS to ARIZONA. 1089. E- divergens T. & G. DIVERGENT FLEABANE. 387] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 239 Plains and mesas about Boulder and Marshall, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 435). NEBRASKA to WASHINGTON; TEXAS to CALIFORNIA. 1090. E. flagellaris Gray [E. stolonifer Greene]. STOLON- IFEROUS FLEABANE. Abundant on the plains, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 3). SOUTH DAKOTA to WYOMING; NEW MEXICO to UTAH. 448%. WYOMINGIA A. Nels. MOUNTAIN DAISY. 1091. W. cana (Gray). A. Nels. [Erigeron canus Gray]. HOARY MOUNTAIN DAISY. Sunset Canon (Rydberg). SOUTH DAKOTA to WYOMING; NEBRASKA to NEW MEXICO. 449. LEPTILONRaf. HORSEWEED. 1092. L. Canadense (L.) Britton [Erigeron Canadensis L.]. COMMON HORSEWEED. Fields and waste places, common, 5100-8000 ft. (Daniels, 585). NORTH AMERICA, thence spreading throughout the world. io92a. L. Canadense pusillum (Nutt.) Daniels. Nov. comb. [Erigeron pusillus Nutt.]. DWARF HORSEWEED. The common form of the foothills, y2-i dm. high, and but few-flowered, 6000-8000 ft. (Daniels, 694). 450. ANTENNAEIA Gaertn. EVERLASTING. CAT'S- FOOT. 1093. A. media Greene. MEDIUM CAT'S-FOOT. Arapahoe Peak above timberline, 11000-12000 ft. (Daniels, 1005). MONTANA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA. 1094. A. umbrinella Rydb. UMBER CAT'S-FOOT. Arapahoe Peak above timberline, 11000-12000 ft. (Daniels, 932). MONTANA and IDAHO to COLORADO. 1095. A. concinna E. Nels. 240 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [388 Alpine forest at Ward, 9000-9300 ft. (Daniels, 304). COLORADO to UTAH. 1096. A. rosea (D. C. Eaton) Greene. ROSY CAT'S-FOOT. Common throughout the foothills and mountains, and de- scending to the mesas and plains along gulches, 5700-9000 ft. (Daniels, 775). Also North Boulder Peak and from Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg). ALBERTA to YUKON ; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA. 1097. A. imbricate, E. Nels. IMBRICATE CAT'S-FOOT. At timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 10500-11000 ft. (Daniels, 934). MONTANA to COLORADO and UTAH. 1098. A, corymbosa A. Nels. [A. nardina Greene]. CORYM- BED CAT'S-FOOT. Alpine forest at Ward, 9000-9300 ft. (Daniels, 305). MONTANA and OREGON to COLORADO. 1099. A. parvifolia Nutt. [A. formosa Greene; A. microphylla Rydb.]. SMALL-LEAVED CAT'S-FOOT. Common on barren knolls throughout, 5100-10000 ft. (Dan- iels, 702). SASKATCHEWAN to BRITISH COLUMBIA; NEBRASKA to NEW MEXICO. noo. A. oxyphylla Greene. SHARP-LEAVED CAT'S-FOOT. Common on the mesas, foothills, and mountains, 5700-10000 ft. (Daniels, 115). SOUTH DAKOTA to MONTANA ; NEBRASKA to COLORADO. noi. A. aprica Greene. SUNNY CAT'S-FOOT. Mountains at Ward, a dwarf form, 4 cm. high, 9000-9300 ft. (Daniels, 1028). Also Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg). Piper, however, Cont. U. S. Nat. Herb. 11, 605, makes this species identical with A. parvifolia Nutt. SOUTH DAKOTA to ALBERTA; NEW MEXICO to UTAH. 1 102. A. marginata Greene. MARGINATE CAT'S-FOOT. Foothills along Boulder Canon, 6500-8000 ft. (Daniels, 1029). The plants have leaves glabrous and bright green 389] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 24! above. COLORADO to NEW MEXICO and ARIZONA. 1103. A. pulcherrima (Hook.) Greene [A. Carpathica pul- cherrima Hook.]. FAIREST CAT'S-FOOT. Long's Peak (Porter & Coulter). SASKATCHEWAN and YUKON to WASHINGTON and COLO- RADO. 1104. A. anaphaloides Rydb. FALSE PEARLY EVERLASTING. Massif de V Arapahoe (Rydberg). MONTANA and OREGON to CALIFORNIA. 451. ANAPHALIS D C. PEARLY EVERLASTING. 1105. A. subalpina (Gray) Rydb. [A. margaritacea subalpina Gray]. SUBALPINE PEARLY EVERLASTING. Common throughout the foothills and mountains, 6000-10000 ft. (Daniels, 552). Also between Sunshine and Ward (Ryd- berg). SOUTH DAKOTA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; COLORADO to CAL- IFORNIA. 452. GNAPHAHTIM L. CUDWEED. 1106. G. Wrightii Gray. WRIGHT'S CUDWEED. Boulder Canon near Falls, 7400 ft. (Daniels, 1030). Also Meadow Park and at Lyons (Rydberg). COLORADO and NEW MEXICO to CALIFORNIA and MEXICO. 1107. G. sulphurescens Rydb. SULPHURESCENT CUDWEED. Boulder (Rydberg). WYOMING to WASHINGTON ; TEXAS to NEW MEXICO. 1108. G. palustre Nutt. MARSH CUDWEED. Aspen bogs at Glacier lake, 9000 ft. (Daniels, 711). MONTANA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA. 453. GYMNOLOMIA H. B. K. 1109. G. multiflora (Nutt.) B. & H. MANY-FLOWERED GYM- NOLOMIA. Boulder Canon near the Falls, at Eldora, and in Sunset Canon, 6000-10000 ft. (Daniels, 565). Also between Sunshine 242 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [390 and Ward (Rydberg). MONTANA to NEVADA ; NEW MEXICO to ARIZONA. 454. RUDBECKIA L. CONE-FLOWER. 1 1 10. R. flava Moore. YELLOW CONE-FLOWER. On the plains and foothills, 5100-8000 ft. (Daniels, 428). NORTH DAKOTA and WYOMING to COLORADO. mi. R. laciniata L. GRAY-HEADED CONE-FLOWER. GOLDEN GLOW. Common along streams, 5100-9500 ft. (Daniels, 561). QUEBEC to IDAHO; FLORIDA to ARIZONA. 455. RATIBIDARaf. 1 1 12. R. columnaris (Sims) D. Don [Lepachys columnaris (Sims) T. & G.]. LONG-HEADED CONE-FLOWER. Abundant on the plains and mesas, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 21). SASKATCHEWAN to BRITISH COLUMBIA; TENNESSEE to TEXAS, ARIZONA and MEXICO. ni2a. R. columnaris pulcherrima (D C.) D. Don. BROWN LONG-HEADED CONE-FLOWER. With the type but much less frequent, 5100-6000 ft. (Dan- iels, 201). Range of the type. 456. WYETHIA Nutt. 1113. W. amplexicaulis Nutt. CLASPING-LEAVED WYETHIA. Arapahoe Pass (Rydberg). MONTANA to BRITISH COLUMBIA ; COLORADO to NEVADA. 457. HEUANTHUS L. SUNFLOWER. 1114. H. lenticularis Dougl. COMMON SUNFLOWER. Plains, mesas and lower foothills, especially in denuded soils, 5100-7000 ft. (Daniels, 400). NORTH DAKOTA to IDAHO ; TEXAS to ARIZONA. ni4a. H. lenticularis coronatus Cockerell. RED-STREAKED SUNFLOWER. Found by Mrs. T. D. A. Cockerell near her home in Boulder. 39 Zl FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 243 1115. H. petiolaris Nutt. PETIOLED SUNFLOWER. Common in waste places and denuded soils throughout ex- cept in the alpine region, 5100-9500 ft. (Daniels, 67). Also from Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg). MINNESOTA and SASKATCHEWAN to OREGON ; TEXAS to CAL- IFORNIA. 11153. H. petiolaris phenax Cockerell. Boulder, the type locality (Cockerell). 1116. H. subrhomboideus Rydb. SUBRHOMBOID SUNFLOWER. Locally frequent on the mesas fronting the Flat-irons, 5700- 6000 ft. (Daniels, 656). MANITOBA to MONTANA; NEBRASKA to COLORADO. 1117. H. pumilus Nutt. DWARF SUNFLOWER. Abundant on the plains, mesas, and foothills, 5100-7500 ft. (Daniels, 59). WYOMING and COLORADO. 1118. H. grosse-serratus Martens. COARSELY TOOTHED SUN- FLOWER. Lowlands and stream-flats in the plains, 5100-5400 ft. (Dan- iels, 670). NEW YORK to WYOMING; PENNSYLVANIA to TEXAS and COLORADO. 1119. H. fascicularia Greene [H. giganteus Utahensis D. C. Eaton; H. Utahensis A. Nelson]. UTAH SUNFLOWER. Boulder (Rydberg). ASSINIBOIA to ALBERTA ; COLORADO to ARIZONA. 458. HELIANTHELLA T. & G. 1 1 20. H. quinquenervis Gray. FIVE-RIBBED FALSE SUNFLOWER. In canons and on rich mountain slopes at Eldora and along the Arapahoe Trail, 8600-10000 ft. (Daniels, 843). Also El- dora to Baltimore (Rydberg). SOUTH DAKOTA to IDAHO and COLORADO. 459. VERBESINA L. CROWNBEARD. 1121. V. exauriculata (Rob. & Greenm.) Cockerell [Verbesina 244 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [394 encelioides exauriculata Rob. & Greenm. ; Xlmenesia exauriculata (Rob. & Greenm.) Rydb.]. WESTERN CROWNBEARD. Boulder (Rydberg). In great abundance near Lafayette (Cockerell). MONTANA to TEXAS and ARIZONA. 460. BIDENS L. BUR-MARIGOLD. 1 122. B. vulgata Greene. COMMON STICKTIGHTS. Along ditches and in low grounds, 5100-5500 ft. (Daniels, 788). ONTARIO to BRITISH COLUMBIA ; NORTH CAROLINA to CALI- FORNIA. 1123. B .glaucesens Greene. GLAUCESCENT BUR-MARIGOLD. Along ditches and streams and in swales, 5100-5500 ft. (Dan- iels, 667). Hardly glaucescent as it occurs about Boulder. SASKATCHEWAN to MONTANA; KANSAS to COLORADO. 1123^. B. tenuisecta Gray. WESTERN SPANISH NEEDLES. Marshall lake (W. W. Robbins). COLORADO to IDAHO ; TEXAS to ARIZONA and MEXICO. 461. THELESPERMA Less. 1124. T. gracile Gray. SLENDER THELESPERMA. Common on the plains and mesas, and occurring also on the open mountain slopes, 5100-9000 ft. (Daniels, 233). Also between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg). NEBRASKA to COLORADO; MISSOURI and TEXAS to ARIZONA. 462. PICRADENIOPSIS Rydb. 1125. P. oppositifolia (Nutt.) Rydb. [Bahia oppositifolia Nutt.]. OPPOSITE-LEAVED BAHIA. Boulder (Rydberg). SOUTH DAKOTA to MONTANA; TEXAS to ARIZONA. 463. BAHIA Lag. 1126. B. dissecta (Gray) Britton [B. chrysanthemoides Gray]. FINE-LEAVED BAHIA. Infrequent along canons, 6000-9000 ft. (Daniels, 719). Also 393] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 245 mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg). WYOMING to NEW MEXICO and ARIZONA. 464. TETRANETTRIS Greene. 1127. T. lanigera Daniels, Nov. nom. [Actinella lanata Nutt, 1841; not Pursh, 1814; Tetraneuris lanata (Nutt.) Greene]. WOOLLY ACTINELLA. Barren ridges between Sunset and Glacier lake, 7000-9000 ft. (Daniels, 643), Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley and Robbins). Pursh's A. lanata equals Eriophyllum lanatum (Pursh) Forbes, a plant of the Pacific coast, hence a new name is necessary for Nuttall's plant. If Actinea Juss. should replace Tetraneuris Greene (as the new Gray's Manual main- tains ), our plant becomes Actinea lanigera Daniels. WYOMING and COLORADO. 465. RYDBERGIA Greene. 1128. R. grandiflora (T. & G.) Greene [Actinella grandiflora T. & G.]. LARGE-FLOWERED RYDBERGIA. Arapahoe Peak above timberline, 10500-13500 ft. (Daniels, 878). Also mountains south of Ward (Rydberg). MONTANA to NEW MEXICO and CALIFORNIA. 466. HELENITIM L. SNEEZEWEED. 1129. H. montamim Nutt. MOUNTAIN SNEEZEWEED. Along ditches and streams in the plains east of Boulder, 5100-5400 ft. (Daniels, 780). MINNESOTA and SASKATCHEWAN to WASHINGTON ; MISSISS- IPPI to COLORADO. 467. GAILLARDIA Foug. 1130. G. aristata Pursh. AWNED GAILLARDIA. Common on the plains, mesas and foothills, 5100-8000 ft. (Daniels, 37). SASKATCHEWAN to BRITISH COLUMBIA; COLORADO to ORE- GON. 468. BOEBERA Willd. 246 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [394 1131. B. papposa (Vent.) Rydb. \Dysodia chrysanthemoides Lag.]. FETID MARIGOLD. Roadsides, waste places and sandy stream flats, 5100-7000 ft. (Daniels, 594). Also at Lyons (Rydberg). OHIO to MONTANA; ARKANSAS to ARIZONA and MEXICO. 469. ANTHEMIS L. MAYWEED. 1132. A. Cotula L. COMMON MAYWEED. Yards and waste places, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 593). EUROPE, thence to NORTH AMERICA. 470. ACHILLEA L. YARROW. 1133. A. lanulosa Nutt. [A. Mille folium lanulosa (Nutt.) Piper]. WOOLLY YARROW. Open grounds throughout, 5100-9000 ft. (Daniels, 360). Also mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg). ONTARIO to YUKON; OKLAHOMA to CALIFORNIA and MEX- ICO. 470i/2. CHEYSANTHEMTIM L. OXEYE DAISY. 1133^2. C. Leucantheimun L. COMMON OXEYE DAISY. Bluebird Mine, in quantity, 1910 (Miss Pearl Turner). EUROPE, thence to NORTH AMERICA. 471. ARTEMISIA L. WORMWOOD. SAGE-BRUSH. MUG- WORT. 1134. A. dracunculoides Pursh. PRAIRIE MUGWORT. Abundant on the plains, mesas and foothills, 5100-8000 ft. (Daniels, 833). MONTANA to IDAHO ; TEXAS to CALIFORNIA. 1135. A. Scouleriana (Besser) Rydb. [A. desertorum Scou- leriana Besser]. SCOULER'S SAGE. Gregory Canon and adjacent mesas and foothills, 5600-8000 ft. (Daniels, 612). BRITISH COLUMBIA to COLORADO. 1136. A. Forwoodii S. Wats. FORWOOD'S SAGE. Abundant on the plains, mesas, and foothills, 5100-7500 ft. (Daniels, 992). 395] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 247 ASSINIBOIA to MONTANA and NEW MEXICO. 1137. A. spithamaea Pursh. ALPINE MUGWORT. Arapahoe Peak above timberline, 11000-12500 ft. (Daniels, 920). LABRADOR to ALASKA and COLORADO. 1138. A. frigida Willd. BARRENS SAGE. Common in dry open places throughout, 5100-10000 ft. (Daniels, 451). HUDSON BAY to ALASKA ; TEXAS to UTAH. 1139. A. scopulorum Gray. P.OCKY MOUNTAIN SAGE. Mountains south of Ward (Rydberg). WYOMING to COLORADO and UTAH. 1140. A. biennis Willd. BIENNIAL WORMWOOD. Boulder Canon at Eldora, 8600 ft. (Daniels, 846). ISJovA SCOTIA to MACKENZIE ; PENNSYLVANIA to CALIFORNIA. 1141. A. saxicola Rydb. [A. Chamissoniana saxatilis Besser]. ROCK SAGE. Long's Peak (Rydberg). WYOMING to COLORADO. 1142. A. silvicola Osterh. SYLVAN SAGE. Subalpine slopes and valleys at Eldora, 8600 ft. (Daniels, 996). COLORADO to NEW MEXICO. 1143. A. gnaphalodes Nutt. CUDWEED SAGE. Common on the plains, mesas, foothills, and lower moun- tain slopes, 5100-9000 ft. (Daniels, 755). The original spell- ing of the specific name is as above, though the word should have been gnaphalioides. NORTH DAKOTA to WYOMING; ARKANSAS to COLORADO; naturalized eastward to NEW YORK and ONTARIO. 1144. A. Brittonii Rydb. BRITTON'S SAGE. Plains, mesas, and foothills, 5100-8000 ft. (Daniels, 967). COLORADO to UTAH. 1145. A. diversifolia Rydb. DIVERSE-LEAVED SAGE. Valleys in the foothills, 6000-8000 ft. (Daniels, 966). 248 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [396 IDAHO to BRITISH COLUMBIA; COLORADO to WASHINGTON. 1146. A. tridentata Nutt. COMMON SAGE-BRUSH. Barren mountain slopes near Bluebird Mine, between Glacier lake and Eldora, 8500-9500 ft. (Daniels). NEBRASKA and MONTANA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA. 472. PETASITES Tourn. SWEET COLTSFOOT. 1147. P. sagittata (Pursh) Gray. ARROW-LEAVED SWEET COLTSFOOT. Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg). Eldora lake, May, 1910 (W. W. Robbins). LABRADOR to ALASKA; MINNESOTA to COLORADO. 473. ARNICA L. ARNICA. 1148. A. platyphylla A. Nels. BROAD-LEAVED ARNICA. Arapahoe Trail just below timberline on Arapahoe Peak, 9000-10500 ft. (Daniels, 948). MONTANA and IDAHO to COLORADO. 1149. A. pumila Rydb. [A. parvifolia Greene]. DWARF AR- NICA. Gregory Canon, 6600 ft. (Daniels, 903). WYOMING to COLORADO and UTAH. 1150. A. cordifolia Hook. HEART-LEAVED ARNICA. In the wooded region throughout, 6000-11000 ft. (Dan- iels, 270). Also Eldora to Baltimore; between Sunshine and Ward; and Massif de T Arapahoe (Rydberg). MONTANA to BRITISH COLUMBIA ; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA. 1151. A. Rydbergii Greene. RYDBERG' s ARNICA. Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg). MONTANA to COLORADO. 1152. A. subplumosa Greene [A. Chamissonis longinodosa A. Nels.]. SUBPLUMOSE ARNICA. Boulder Canon above the Falls, 7000-8000 ft. (Daniels, 537). MONTANA to COLORADO. 1153. A. pedunculata Rydb. PEDUNCLED ARNICA. Under pines in the mesas south of the Chautauqua grounds, 397] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 249 5800-6000 ft. (Daniels, 176). Gulch south of Boulder (Ryd- berg). NORTH DAKOTA to WASHINGTON ; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA. 1 153^. A. monocephala. Rydb. SINGLE-HEADED ARNICA. Long's Peak (Porter & Coulter). MONTANA and IDAHO to COLORADO. 1154. A. Parryi Gray [A. eradiata (Gray) Heller]. PARRY'S ARNICA. Arapahoe Trail just below timberline, Arapahoe Peak, thence well toward Eldora, 9000-10500 ft. (Daniels, 946). Also at Caribou ( Rydberg) . MONTANA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; COLORADO to WASHING- TON. 474. SENECIO L. GROUNDSEL. 1155. S. scopulinus Greene [S. Bigelovii Hallii Gray]. HALL'S GROUNDSEL. Subalpine meadows at Eldora, 8600 ft. (Daniels, 624). WYOMING to COLORADO. 1156. S. chloranthus Greene. GREEN-FLOWERED GROUNDSEL. Subalpine bogs at Eldora, 8600 ft. (Daniels, 990). COLORADO. 1157. S. pudicus Greene. BASHFUL GROUNDSEL. Along Boulder Canon, and at Eldora, 7000-10000 ft. (Dan- iels, 547). Also between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg). COLORADO. 1158. S. carthamoides Greene. ALPINE GROUNDSEL. Arapahoe Peak above timberline, 10500-11000 ft. (Daniels, 943). WYOMING to COLORADO. 1159. S. blitoides Greene. ELITE GROUNDSEL. Arapahoe Peak above timberline, 10500-12000 ft. (Daniels, 1006). COLORADO. 1160. S. triangularis Hook. TRIANGULAR-LEAVED GROUNDSEL. Common in subalpine bogs and along stream banks at El- 250 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [398 dora, and ascending to timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 8600-11000 ft. (Daniels, 635). Also between Sunshine and Ward (Ryd- berg). ALBERTA to ALASKA; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA. 1161. S. admirabilis Greene. ADMIRABLE GROUNDSEL. Subalpine bogs at Eldora, 8600 ft. (Daniels, 650). WYOMING to COLORADO. 1162. S. lapathifolium Greene. LAPATH US-LEAVED GROUND- SEL. High slope near snow above Bloomerville, 9000-10000 ft. (Daniels, 315). COLORADO. 1163. S. crassulus Gray. THICKISH GROUNDSEL. Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 10500-11000 ft. (Daniels, 945). Also at Ward; and Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg). MONTANA to IDAHO ; COLORADO to UTAH. 1164. S. rapifolius Nutt. TURNIP-LEAVED GROUNDSEL. Boulder Canon near Falls, 7000-8000 ft. (Daniels, 543). SOUTH DAKOTA to IDAHO and COLORADO. 1165. S. hydrophilus Nutt. WATER-LOVING GROUNDSEL. Alpine valley near snow above Bloomerville, 9000-10000 ft. (Daniels, 319). MONTANA to COLORADO and NEVADA. 1166. S, Hookeri Gray. HOOKER'S GROUNDSEL. Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg). ALBERTA and BRITISH COLUMBIA to COLORADO. 1166^2. S. Columbianus Greene. COLUMBIAN GROUNDSEL. Middle Boulder Canon 9000 ft. (Coulter in Wabash College Herb.). This is, in part at least, the S. lugens Parryi Eaton of Porter & Coulter. SASKATCHEWAN to ALASKA; MINNESOTA to COLORADO. 1167. S. perplexus A. Nels. PERPLEXING GROUNDSEL. North slope of Flagstaff Hill, 6000 ft. (Daniels, 148). Plant too old, the basal leaves gone, perhaps 5\ dispar A. Nels. 399] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 251 Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley & Robbins). Middle Boul- der Canon (Porter & Coulter in Wabash College Herb.)- Also from Eldora to Baltimore, and at Boulder (Rydberg). WYOMING and IDAHO to COLORADO. 1 1 68. S. atratus Greene [S. lug ens foliosus Gray]. LEAFY GROUNDSEL. Arapahoe Trail just below timberline, Arapahoe Peak, thence to Eldora, 8600-10500 ft. (Daniels, 947). Also at Ward; be- tween Sunshine and Ward; and Eldora to Baltimore (Ryd- berg). COLORADO. 1169. S. Purshianus Nutt. PURSH'S GROUNDSEL. Redrock lake 10100 ft. (Ramaley & Robbins). SASKATCHEWAN to BRITISH COLUMBIA; TEXAS to UTAH. 1170. S. Harbourii Rydb. HARBOUR'S GROUNDSEL. Mountains south of Ward, the type locality, and between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg). COLORADO. 1171. S. Plattensis Nutt. PLATTE RAGWORT. Common on the plains and mesas, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 36). ONTARIO to SOUTH DAKOTA; MISSOURI and TEXAS to COLO- RADO. 1172. S. salicinus Rydb. WILLOW RAGWORT. Foothills about Boulder, 6000-7000 ft. (Daniels, 1031). COLORADO. 1173. S. Nelsonii Rydb. [S. rosulatus Rydb.]. NELSON'S RAG- WORT. Exceedingly abundant throughout, and occurring in a maze of forms so confluent that any segregation seems impossi- ble, 5100-11000 ft. (Daniels, 210). Also at Caribou; and be- tween Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg). COLORADO. 1174. S. Fendleri Gray. FENDLER'S RAGWORT. 252 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [400 Plains and foothills about Boulder, 5600-8000 ft. (Daniels, 10). COLORADO to UTAH and NEW MEXICO. 1175. S. lanatifolius Osterh. [S. Fendleri lanatus Osterh.]. WOOLLY-LEAVED RAGWORT. Barren ridges, Glacier lake to Eldora, 8500-9000 ft. (Dan- iels, 218). Basal leaves very crisp. COLORADO. 1176. S. Balsamitae Muhl. [S. aureus Balsamitae (Muhl.) T. & G. ; vS1. flavulus Greene ; S. flavovirens Rydb. in part] . NARROW-LEAVED GOLDEN SQUAW-WEED. Long's Peak (Porter & Coulter). QUEBEC to MARYLAND northwestward across the continent. 1177. S. longipetiolatns Rydb. LONG-PETIOLED RAGWORT. Plains at Boulder, uncommon, 5600 ft. (Daniels, 61). WYOMING to COLORADO. 1178. S. crocatus Rydb. [S. aureus croceus Gray; ,S. dimor- phophyllus Greene; S. heterodoxus Greene]. SAFFRON RAGWORT. Arapahoe Peak above timberline, and at Eldora, 8600-12000 ft. (Daniels, 870). Also on Long's Peak (Rydberg). WYOMING to COLORADO. 1179. S. cymbalariodes Nutt. [S. aureus borealis T. & G. NORTHERN GOLDEN RAGWORT. Subalpine meadows at Glacier lake, 9000 ft. (Daniels, 705). MACKENZIE to COLORADO and UTAH. 1 1 80. S. pseudaureus Rydb. FALSE GOLDEN RAGWORT. Long's Peak (Rydberg). MACKENZIE to BRITISH COLUMBIA; NEW MEXICO to NE- VADA. 1180%. S. mutabilis Greene [S. aurellus Rydb.]. MUTABLE RAGWORT. Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley & Robbins). COLORADO. 1181. S. ambrosioides Rydb. RAGWEEDLIKE GROUNDSEL. 4Ol] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 253 Common in the mountainous region, 7000-10000 ft. (Dan- iels, 629). Also at Ward (Rydberg). NORTH DAKOTA to MONTANA ; NEW MEXICO to ARIZONA. 1182. S. Riddellii T. & G. [S. fihfolius Fremontii T. & G.]. RIDDELL'S GROUNDSEL. Frequent on the plains about Boulder, 5100-6000 ft. (Dan- iels, 481). NEBRASKA to COLORADO ; TEXAS to NEW MEXICO. 1183. S. multicapitatus Rydb. MANY-HEADED GROUNDSEL. Plains about Boulder, 5600 ft. (Daniels, 401). COLORADO to NEW MEXICO and ARIZONA. 1184. S. spartioides T. & G. BROOM-LIKE GROUNDSEL. Along Boulder Canon road, 5500 ft. (Daniels, 804). Also mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg). NEBRASKA to WYOMING; TEXAS to ARIZONA. 475. CIRSITIM Hill. THISTLE. 1185. C. Parry! (Gray), Cockerell. Nov. comb. [Cnicus Par- ryi Gray; Carduus Parryi (Gray) Greene]. PARRY'S THISTLE. Boulder (Rydberg). COLORADO to NEW MEXICO and UTAH. 1186. C. scopnlorum (Greene) Cockerell. Nov. comb. [Cni- cus eriocephalus Gray; Carduus scopulorum Greene]. CRAG THISTLE. Arapahoe Peak above timberline, 10500-12000 ft. (Daniels, 887). Also at Ward (Rydberg). COLORADO. 1187. C. griseum (Rydb.) Cockerell. Nov. comb. [Carduus griseus Rydb.]. GRAY THISTLE. Ward (Rydberg). COLORADO. 1188. C. Amerieamim (Gray), Daniels. Nov. comb. [Cnicus Americanus Gray; Carduus Centaureae Rydb.; Cirsium 254 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [402 Centaur eae (Rydb.) Cockerell. Nov. comb.]. KNAPWEED THISTLE. Common in the foothills and mountains, 6000-10000 ft. (Daniels, 442). Also mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg). WYOMING to COLORADO. ii88a. C. Americamun (Gray), Daniels. C. griseum (Rydb.) Cockerell. Ward (Rydberg). 1188^. C. acaulescens (Gray) Daniels; Nov. comb. C. Americanum (Gray) Daniels. Plains and foothills near Boulder (Rydberg). 1189. C. erosum (Rydb.) Cockerell. Nov. comb. [Carduus erosus Rydb.] . EROSE-BRACTED THISTLE. Boulder Canon, 7000-7500 ft. (Daniels, 1032). Bracts merely erose, otherwise like the preceding. COLORADO. 1190. C. Coloradense (Rydb.) Cockerell. Nov. comb. [Carduus Color adensis Rydb.]. COLORADO THISTLE. Subalpine valley at Eldora, and frequent along the Arapahoe Trail, 8600-10000 ft. (Daniels, 855). COLORADO. 1191. C. Plattense (Rydb.) Cockerell. Nov. comb. [Carduus Plattensis Rydb.]. PLATTE THISTLE. Plains about Boulder, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 63). NEBRASKA to COLORADO. 1192. C. undulatum (Nutt.) Spreng. [Cnicus undulatus (Nutt.) Gray; Carduus undulatus Nutt.]. Common on the plains, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 673). MICHIGAN to ASSINIBOIA and MONTANA; TEXAS to UTAH. 1193. C. megacephalum (Nutt.) Cockerell. Nov. comb. [Cni- cus undulatus megacephalus (Nutt.) Gray; Carduus mega- cephalus Nutt.] . LARGE-HEADED THISTLE. Plains about Boulder, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 986). 403] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 255 SOUTH DAKOTA to IDAHO; MISSOURI to TEXAS and COLO- RADO. 1194. C. ochrocentrmn Gray [Cnicus ochrocentrus Gray; Carduus ochrocentrus (Gray) Greene]. YELLOW-SPINED THISTLE. Plains, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 1033). NEBRASKA to COLORADO; TEXAS to ARIZONA. 476. CENTAUREA L. STAR THISTLE. 1195. C. Cyanus L. BLUEBOTTLE. CORNFLOWER. BACHELOR'S BUTTON. Escaped into roadsides and streets about Boulder, 5300-5600 ft. (Daniels, 140). EUROPE, thence to NORTH AMERICA. Family 112. CICHORIACEAE. Reich. Chicory family. 477. PTILOB1A Raf . 1196. P. ramosa Rydb. BRANCHING PTILORIA. Boulder (Rydberg). NEBRASKA and MONTANA to COLORADO. 1197. P. pauciflora (Torr.) Raf. [Stephanomeria runcinata Nutt.]. FEW-FLOWERED PTILORIA. Plains about Boulder, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 475). Also between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg). COLORADO to NEVADA ; TEXAS to ARIZONA. 478. TEAGOPOGONL. SALSIFY. 1198. T. pratensis L. YELLOW GOAT'S-BEARD. Boulder Canon road and about Boulder, 5100-7000 ft. (Dan- iels, 559). EUROPE, thence to NORTH AMERICA. 1199. T. porrifolius L. SALSIFY. OYSTER PLANT. Common about Boulder, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 17). EUROPE, thence to NORTH AMERICA. ii99a. T. porrifolius L. X T. pratensis L. Aurora St., Boulder (Cockerell). 256 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [404 479. CICHORIUM L. CHICORY. 1200. C. Intybus L. COMMON CHICORY. Along roadsides and in waste places, 5100-5600 ft. (Dan- iels, 1034). EUROPE, thence to NORTH AMERICA. 480. LYGODESMIA D. Don. 1201. L. grandiflora T. & G. LARGE-FLOWERED LYGODESMIA. Roadside at entrance to Boulder Canon and along the streets in Boulder, 5300-5600 ft. (Daniels, 166). WYOMING to IDAHO; COLORADO to ARIZONA. 1201^2. L. juncea (Pursh) D. Don. RUSH-LIKE LYGODESMIA. Common about Boulder (Ramaley). MINNESOTA to SASKATCHEWAN and ALBERTA; MISSOURI to NEW MEXICO. 481. CEEPIS L. HAWK'S-BEARD. 1202. C. petiolata Rydb. PETIOLED HAWK'S-BEARD. Gregory Canon, and aspen bogs at Glacier lake, 6800-9000 ft. (Daniels, 351). Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley & Rob- bins). WYOMING and COLORADO. 1202^. C. glaucella Rydb. GLAUCESCENT HAWK'S-BEARD. Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley & Robbins). MONTANA to COLORADO. 1202)4. S. perplexa Rydb. PERPLEXING HAWK'S-BEARD. Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley & Robbins). NORTH DAKOTA and ALBERTA to NEBRASKA and COLORADO. 1203. C. runcinata (James) T. & G. RUNCINATE HAWK'S- BEARD. Ward, 9200 ft. (Cockerell). NORTH DAKOTA and ALBERTA to COLORADO. 1204. C. denticulata Rydb. TOOTHED HAWK'S-BEARD. Aspen bog at Glacier lake, 3500-9000 ft. (Daniels, 706). WYOMING to COLORADO and UTAH. 405] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 257 1205. C. angustata Rydb. NARROW-LEAVED HAWK'S-BEARD. North slope of Flagstaff Hill along Boulder Canon, 6000 ft. (Daniels, 147). MONTANA to WASHINGTON; COLORADO to OREGON. 1206. C. occidentalis Nutt. WESTERN HAWK'S-BEARD. Boulder (Rydberg). MONTANA to WASHINGTON ; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA. 1207. C. alpicola (Rydb.) A. Nels. ALPINE HAWK'S-BEARD Long's Peak, nooo ft., the type locality (Nelson). ROCKY MOUNTAINS. 482. HIEBACIUM L. HAWKWEED. 1208. H. gracile Hook. SLENDER HAWKWEED. At and above timberline under dwarfed spruce, Arapahoe Peak, Colo., 10000-12000 ft. (Daniels, 871). Also at Caribou (Rydberg). MONTANA and ALASKA to COLORADO and CALIFORNIA. 1209. H. albiflomm Hook. WHITE-FLOWERED HAWKWEED. Wooded banks, Bear Canon, and other deep canons in the foothills, 6000-8000 ft. (Daniels, 750). Also mountains be- tween Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg). YUKON to COLORADO and CALIFORNIA. 12 10. H. Fendleri Schultz Bip. FENDLER'S HAWKWEED. Under pines, east slope of Flagstaff Hill, 6000-7000 ft. (Dan- iels, 215). SOUTH DAKOTA to NEW MEXICO and ARIZONA. 482i/2. NOTHOCALAIS Greene. 1210^. N. cuspidata (Pursh) Greene \Trox\mon cuspidatum Pursh]. CUSPIDATE TROXIMON. St. Vrain Canon (Coulter in Wabash College Herb.). ILLINOIS to SOUTH DAKOTA ; MISSOURI to COLORADO. 483. AGOSEKIS Raf. 121 1. A. agrestis Osterh. FIELD AGOSERIS. Common on the foothills and mountains, 6000-9000 ft. (Dan- iels, 1035). COLORADO 258 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [406 12 12. A. Leontodon Rydb. DANDELION AGOSERIS. Mountainsides at Eldora, 8600-10000 ft. (Daniels, 991). SOUTH DAKOTA to MONTANA, COLORADO to ARIZONA. 1213. A. glauca (Nutt.) Greene [Troximon glaucum Nutt.]. GLAUCOUS AGOSERIS. Abundant on the plains, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 20). SASKATCHEWAN to WASHINGTON ; COLORADO to UTAH. 1214. A. parviflora (Nutt.) Dietr. [Troximon glaucum parri- florum (Nutt.) Gray]. SMALL-FLOWERED AGOSERIS. Frequent about Boulder, and in meadows and grassy bogs at Eldora, 5100-8600 ft. (Daniels, 622). NORTH DAKOTA to ALBERTA and COLORADO. 1215. A. laciniata (Nutt.) Greene [Stylosanthus laciniatus Nutt.]. CUT-LEAVED AGOSERIS. Boulder (Rydberg). WYOMING to IDAHO; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA. 1216. A. humilis Rydb. Low AGOSERIS. Bogs at Eldora, 8600-9000 ft. (Daniels, 633). WYOMING to COLORADO. 12-17. A. rostrata Rydb. BEAKED AGOSERIS. Abundant on the mesas and foothills, 5700-9000 ft. (Daniels, 232). Also mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Ryd- berg). A plant was gathered in Gregory Canon, which bore two heads of flowers. COLORADO. 484. TARAXACUM Hall. DANDELION. 1218. T. Taraxacum (L.) Karst. [T. offidnale Weber]. COM- MON DANDELION. Common in fields and along roadsides, 5100-7000 ft. (Dan- iels, 261). Ward, 9200 ft. (Cockerell). EUROPE, thence to NORTH AMERICA. i2iST/2. T. montanum Nutt. MOUNTAIN DANDELION. Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley & Robbins). MONTANA to COLORADO. 485. LACTTTCA L. LETTUCE. 407] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 259 1219. L. integrate (Gren. & Godr.) A. Nels. [L. virosa Auct., not L.] PRICKLY LETTUCE. Common in waste places, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 653). EUROPE, thence to NORTH AMERICA. 1 220. L, Canadensis L. COMMON WILD LETTUCE. Boulder Canon, and along other streams in the foothills, 6000-7000 ft. (Daniels, 564). NOVA SCOTIA to SASKATCHEWAN; FLORIDA to COLORADO. 122 1. L. Ludoviciana (Nutt.) DC. LOUISIANA LETTUCE. Between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg). NORTH CAROLINA to MISSOURI and COLORADO and TEXAS. 1222. L. pulchella (Pursh) DC. SHOWY LETTUCE. Plains about Boulder, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 399). SASKATCHEWAN to WASHINGTON ; MISSOURI to CALIFORNIA. 1223. L. spicata (Lam.) Hitchc. [L. leucophaea Gray]. COMMON BLUE LETTUCE. Sunset Canon, 6300 ft. (Daniels, 982). Also Boulder (Ryd- berg). NEWFOUNDLAND to MANITOBA ; NORTH CAROLINA to COLO- RADO. 486. SONCHUS L. SOW-THISTLE. 1224. S. arvensis L. FIELD SOW-THISTLE. Waste places in Boulder, 5300-5600 ft. (Daniels, 1036). EUROPE, thence to NORTH AMERICA. 1225. S. asper (L.) Hill. HARSH SOW-THISTLE. Boulder Canon road, and Gregory Canon road, 5600-6000 ft. (Daniels, 458). EUROPE, thence to NORTH AMERICA. BIBLIOGRAPHY Allison, Edith M. Bibliography and history of Colorado botany. Univ. of Colo. Studies, 6, 51-76. Ashe, W. W. New North American plants; some new species of Crataegus. N. C. Agric. Exper. Sta. Bull. 175, 1900. Bennett, Mrs. Cora. List of Colorado trees. Plant World, 11, 66. Brandegee, T. S. The flora of southwestern Colorado. Bull, U. S. Geol. and Geog. Surv. of the Territories, 2, 227-248. Brandegee, T. S. New species of western plants. Bot. Gaz., 27, 444-457. Butler, A. A. Ferns near Colorado Springs, Colo. Am. Nat, 30, 750, 751. Cassidy, James, and O'Brine, David. Some Colorado grasses. BXill. Colo. Agri. Coll. Exper. Sta., 12, 5-138. Cockerel I, T. D. A. Notes on the Flora of Custer County, Colo- rado. West Amer. Scientist, Sept. 1888, 5, 6; Oct. 1888, 10-12; 1889, 10-12. Cockerel I, T. D. A. Notes on Castilleia. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 17, 34-37. Cockerel I, T. D. A. Contributions towards a list of fauna and flora of Wet Mountain valley. West Amer. Scientist, Nov. 1889, 153-155. Cockerel!, T. D. A. The North American species of Hymenoxys. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 31, 461-509. Cockerel I, T. D. A. The alpine flora of Colorado. Am. Nat, 40, 861-873. Cockerel I, T. D. A. The genus Crataegus in Colorado. Univ. of Colo. Studies, 5, 41-45. Coulter, John M. Manual of botany of the Rocky Mountain region. 1885. 409] [26l] 262 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [410 Coulter, John M. New manual of botany of the Central Rocky Mountains. Revised by Aven Nelson. No date (c. 1909). Eastwood, Alice. A popular flora of Denver, Colorado. No date. Gray, Asa. Enumeration of the plants of Dr. Parry's collec- tion in the Rocky Mountains in 1861. Am. Journ. ScL, Ser. II, 33, 237-243; 404-411; 34, 249-261; 330-341. Gray, Asa. Enumeration of the species of plants collected by Dr. C. C. Parry and Messrs. Elihu Hall and J. P. Harbour, during the summer and autumn of 1862, on and near the Rocky Mountains, in Colorado Territory, lat. 36°-41°. Proc. Phil. Ac. Nat. Sci. 1863- 55-80. Gray, Asa. Classification of botanical collections made during the San Juan Reconnaissance of 1877 in Colorado and New Mexico. Ann. Report of Chief of Engineers, 1878, apx. SS, 1833-1840. Greene, Edward L., and Baker, Carl F. New or noteworthy plants from the Gunnison water-shed, Colorado. Plantae Bakerianae, 3, Fasc. I, 1901. Dr. Greene has also published numerous articles dealing with the Colorado flora in the various volumes of Pittonia, and also in his Leaflets. Holm, Theodor. The Alpine Gramineae of Colorado. B'ot. Gaz. 46, 422-444. Holzinger, John M. Descriptions of new plants from Texas and Colorado. U. S. Nat. Herb., Contrib. 1, 286-287. Melvill, J. C. Notes on a small collection of plants collected in southwest Colorado by Mr. J. Cardwell Lees. Mem. and Proc. Manch. Lit. and Phil. Soc. Ser. 4, 7, 214-219. Nelson, Aven. Analytical key to some of the common flowering plants of the Rocky Mountain region. 1902. Nelson, Aven. Contributions from the Rocky Mt. Herbarium. II. Dot. Gaz. 31, 394-409; III. ibid., 34, 21-35; IV. ibid., 34, 355-71; V. ibid., 37, 260-279; VI. ibid., 40, 54-67; VII. ibid., 42, 48-54. Nelson, Aven. Plantae Andrewseae. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 17, 173-180. 41 1] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 263 Nelson, Aven. Some western plants and their collectors. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 20, 33-40. Nelson, Ellas. Revision of western North American Phloxes. 1889. Osterhout, G. E. New plants from Colorado. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 26, 256, 257; 27, 506-508; 28, 644, 645; 30, 236, 237; 32, 611-613. Osterhout, G. E. Notes on Colorado plants. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 21, 357, 358. Osterhout, G. E. Colorado notes. Muhlenbergia, 1, 139-143. Pammel, L. H., and Scribner, F. Lamson. Some notes on grasses collected in 1895 between Jefferson, Iowa, and Denver, Colo. Proc. Soc. Prom. Agri. Sci. 17, 94-104. Parry, C. C. Catalogue of plants. U. S. Geol. Surv., Ann. Re- port, 4, 484-487. Penard, E. An enumeration of the plants collected by M. E. Penard in Colorado during the summer of 1892. Herb, of Colum- bia Coll., Contrib. 75. Penard, E. (List of plants collected in Colorado, 1891). Full. Herb. Boiss. 3, No. 5. Porter, T. C. Catalogue of plants. U. S. Geol. Surv. of Wy. and Contiguous Terr., 4, 472-484. Porter, T. C., and Coulter, J. M. Synopsis of the flora of Col- orado. U. S. Geol. Surv. of the Terr., Miscell. Pub. 4. Ramaley, Francis. Plants of the Florissant region in Colorado. Univ. of Colo. Studies, 3, 177-185. Ramaley, Francis. Scientific expedition to northeastern Col- orado, 8. Botany, account of collections made. Univ. of Colo. Studies, 4, 16M64. Ramaley, Francis. The silva of Colorado. I. Univ. of Colo. Studies, 4, 109-122; II. ibid., 4, 187-197; III. ibid., 5, 47-63. Ramaley, Francis. New Colorado species of Crataegus. Bot. Gaz. 46, 381-384. Ramaley, Francis, and Robbins, W. W. Redrock lake near Ward. Univ. of Colo. Studies, 6, 133-168. 264 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [412 Rothrock, J. T. Catalogue of plants. U. S. Geog. Surv. west of the 100th meridian, 6, 53-352. Rydberg, P. A. Studies on the Rocky Mountain flora. I. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 27, 169-189; II., ibid., 528-538; III., ibid., 614-636; IV. ibid., 28, 20-38; V. ibid., 266-283; VI. ibid., 499-513; VII. ibid., 29, 145-160; VIII. ibid., 232-246; IX. ibid., 680-693; X. ibid., 30, 247-262; XL ibid., 31, 399-410; XII. ibid. 555-575; XIII., ibid. 631- 666; XIV. 32, 123-138; XV. ibid. 597-611; XVI. ibid., 33, 137-161; XVII. ibid., 34, 35-50; XVIII. ibid., 417-437; XIX. ibid., 36, 531-541; XX. ibid., 675-698; XXI. ibid., 37, 127-148; XXII. ibid., 313-335; XXIII. ibid., 443-471; XXIV. ibid., 541-557; XXV. ibid., 38, 11-23. Rydberg, P. A. The oaks of the Continental Divide north of Mexico. Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard., 1901. Rydberg, P. A. Astragalus and its segregates as represented in Colorado. Fall. Torr. Bot. Club, 32, 657-668. Rydberg, P. A. Flora of Colorado. Bull. 100, Colo. Agric. Coll. Exper. Sta. Rydberg, P. A., and Shear, C. L. A report upon the grasses and forage plants of the Rocky Mountain region. Bull. 5, Div. of Agros., U. S. Dept. Agric. Sudworth, G. B. Forest flora of the Rocky Mountains. Bull. 2, Div. Forest, U. S. Dept. Agric. Thacher, Mrs. G. W. Alpine flowers of Colorado. Appalachia, 5, 284-291. Torrey, John, and Gray, Asa. (A botanical report of plants collected by Mr. F. Crentzf eldt) . Pacific Railroad report, 2, 125- 131. Vasey, George. Report on grasses of Kansas, Nebraska, and Colorado. Bull. 1, Botanic. Div., U. S. Dept of Agric. 413] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 265 APPENDIX A. Tidestrom in the Am. Midi. Nat. 2, 35, has described as a new species this aspen under the name of P. aurea Tidestrom, with the remark that it forms forests throughout Colorado, Utah, and adjoining territory. But the differences relied upon to separate it from Michaux's species seem to me to be at most varietal, and hence I prefer to call the Colorado tree P. tremuloides aurea (Tide- strom) Daniels. See page 98. INDEX INDEX References to the Flora are in brackets Abies lasiocarpa 24, 31, 36, 39, Abronia fragrans Abronia, fragrant Acer glabrum 22,29, tripartitum Negundo Texanum tripartitum ACERACEAE Acerates angustifolia 16, viridiflora 16, Achillea lamilosa 26, Millefolium lanulosa Acomastylis Arapahoensis 42, turbinata 42, Acooitum Columbianum 33, 35, insigrte 33, 35, ochroleucum 33, 35, porrectum 35, Acorus Calamus 11, Acroanthes monophylla 28, Acrolasja albicaulis integrifolia integrifolia latifolia Actaea arguta 25, •'>' eburnea 25, eburnea Actinea lanigera Actinella, grandiflora lanata Actinella woolly 4171 54 54 112 112 112 167 167 167 168 168 167 167 194 194 194 246 246 246 146 146 146 120 120 120 120 120 87 87 97 97 174 174 174 174 174 119 119 119 119] 245 245 245 245 31 [245] Adder's-mouth 27, [97j one-leaved 97j Adder's-tongue [! small-flowered 92 ADDER'S-TONGUE FAMILY [49 Adoxa 222 Moschatellina 29, 222j ADOXACEAE 222 Agoseris 257 agrestis 257 glauca 15, 258 humilis 32, 35, 258 laciniata 35, 258 Leontodon 35, 258 parviflora 35, 258 rostrata 26, 258 Agoseris, beaked 258 cut-leaved 258 dandelion 258 field 257 glaucous 258 low 258 small-flowered 258 Agrimonia 147 Brittoniana occidentalis .... 147 Agrimony 147 western 147 Agropyron 76 andinum 32, Arizonicum 32, 76 molle 15, 77 occidentale 14, 77 pseudorepens 14,18,27, 76 Richardsonii .27, 76 riparium 12, 77 Scribneri 76 spicatum inerme 76 tenerum 18, 76 unilaterale 76 Vaseyi 27, 76; violaceum 27,32,41, 76; andinum 76 Agrostis 64 alba 14,44, 64 alba vulgaris 64; 269 270 INDEX [4i8 References to the Flora are in brackets \ 1 asperifolia 14, 35, exarata. hyemalis 15, Rossae scabra tenuiculmis tennis varians Alder 27, thin-leaved Aletes acaulis 26, obovata 26, Algae Alisma Plantago 10, ALISMACEAE ALISMALES Alkali flat flora 10, ALKALINAE 10, ALLIACEAE Allionia diffusa hirsuta lanceolata linearis 15, nyctaginea ALLIONIACEAE Allium cernuum obtusum dictyotum Geyeri 22,28, Nutta*llii 22, recurvatum reticulatum 22, 28, reticulatum deserticola Allocarya scopulorum 34, Allocarya, mountain Alnus incana virescens tenuifolia 28,37, Alopecurus alpinus aristulatus 11, fulvus occidentalis 39, ALPESTRES 9, ALPINAE 38, Alpine flora 9,38, Alpine tundra Alpine zone 8,9, ALSINACEAE Alsine Baicalensis 37, 39, Jamesiana longifolia 33, 64 64 64 64 64 64 64 64 101 101 182 183 183 10 56 56 56 56 16 16 [91 112 112 113 113 113 112 112 91 91 91 91 91 91 92 91 201 201 201 101 101 101 62 63 62 62 63 38 40 41 38 38 115 115 115 115 115 longipes [115 stricta 115 media 45, [11 Alsinopsis [116 obtusiloba 41, [116 propinqua 41, [116 Althaea [170 rosea 46, [170 Alum-root 29, [137 bracted, Hall's small-leaved Alyssum alyssoides calycinum maritimum Alyssum, sweet yellow Amarella monantha 40, nana plebeja 34, Holmii 40, scopulorum . 29, 137 137 137 132 132 132 132 132 132 190 190 191 191 191 191 strictiflora [190 AMARYLLIDALES Amaranth AMARANTH FAMILY AMARANTHACEAE Amaranthus albus blitoides 45, graecizans 45, Powellii retroflexus 45, Ambrosia artemisiaefolia 45, psilostachya 16, 45, trifida 12,45, integrifolia AMBROSIACEAE Amelanchier alnifolia elliptica oreophila 20, 22, 25, 30, polycarpa 42, Ammannia coccinea Ammannia, scarlet AMMIACEAE AMNICOLAE 31, 36, Amorpha angustifolia fruticosa 22, microphylla nana 15, A mpelopsis quinquefolia vitacea [95 111 111 111 111 112 111 112 111 111 224 224 224 224 224 224 150 150 150 150 150 176 176 176 181 37 159 159 159 160 160 169 419] INDEX 271 References to the Flora are in brackets f 1 AMYGDALACEAE Anaphalis margaritacea subalpina subalpina 26, 32, Androcera lobata rostrata 15, Andropogon chrysocoma 15, furcatus 14, scoparium Androsace diffusa 39, pinetorum .30, puberulenta 30, septentrionalis subulifera subumbellata 39, Anemone Canadensis 37, cylindrica 18, globosa 25,35, Pennsylvania Anemone 27, Canada globose long-fruited Pennsylvania Angelica ampla Grayi Anogra albicaulis coronopifolia 14, Nuttallii rhizomata 14, Antennaria anaphaloides 42, aprica 32,42, Carpathica pulcherrima concinna 32, corymbosa 42, formosa imbricata 42, marginata media 42, 178 178 179 179 179 239 241 240 241 239 240 240 240 240 239 microphylla [240 nardina. oxyphylla 26, parvifolia 32, pulcherrima ! . rosea umbrinella 42, Anthemis Cotula 45, Anthopogon 240 240 240 241 240 239 246 246 1901 barbellatus 33, 39, [190] elegans 39, [190] Anthropoi >pophytic pi ANTHROPOPHYTICALES. . )lants. .24,25,31, 43 43 88] 88 88 53 53 [161 21 161 229 230 230 229 193 193 193 193 193 193 Anticlea Coloradensis elegans Apinus flexilis.. . . Apios Apios Boulderensis 22, Aplopappus, croceus Parryi pygmaeus spinulosus APOCYNACEAE Apocynum ambigens androsaemifolium cannabinum hypericifolium lividum [193 scopulorum 26, [193 APPLE FAMILY [150 Aquatic flora 10 AQUATILES 10 Aquilegia [119 coerulea 25, 32, 41, [119 Arabis [134 134 135 134 134 134 134 134 [87 158 158 159 158 158 158 158 159 159 connexa divaricarpa Fendleri Hoelboelii Fendleri ovata oxyphylla philonipha ARACEAE Aragallus deflexus 32, Lamberti 14, 18, 35, minor multiceps minor patens 14, 35, Richardsonii 35, 18, senceus ARALES . [87 Aralia [181 nudicaulis 23,29, [181 ARBUSTALES 18,20,31, 34 Arceuthobium Americanum.. . . 103 canum [103 cryptopodum 103 robustum 103 Arctostaphylos 186 Uva-ursi 26, 186 272 INDEX [420 References to the Flora are in brackets Arenaria Fendleri 41, diffusa obtusa propinqua Tweedyi.... 41, verna aequicaulis Argemone bipinnatifida hispida 14, intermedia 14, 18, Arid brush slope society.. . .31, ARIDAE 13, Aristida fasciculata 15, longiseta 15, Armoracia Armoracia 46, Arnica Chamissonis longinodosa. . . . cordifolia 26, eradiata monocephala Parryi 37,42, parvifolia pedujnculata 20, platyphylla 42, pumila Rydbergii subplumosa 35, Arnica broad-leaved dwarf heart-leaved Parry's peduncled Rydberg's single-headed subplumose Arrowwood . . 116 116 116 116 116 116 116 126 126 126 126 34 15 60 60 60 130 130 248 248 248 249 249 249 248 248 248 248 248 248 248 248 248 248 249 248 248 249 248 22i; Artemisia.. . . ... .[246 247 247: 247; 246 247: 246 246 247 247 247 247 247 246 247 248 [87; biennis 34 Brittonii 16, 19 Chamissoniana saxatilis desertorum Scouleriana diversifolia dracunculoides 16, 19, Forwoodii 19, frigida 19,43, gnaphalodes 15, saxicola silvicola 32, scopulorum Scouleriana spithamaea 42, tridentata 34, ARUM FAMILY . . ASCLEPIADACEAE 194 ASCLEPIADALES 193 Asclepias 194 brachystephana 194 incarnata 194 pumila 16, 194 speciosa 14, 194 stenophylla 194 verticillata pumila 194 Asparagus 94 officinalis 46, 94 Asparagus, common 94 Aspen.. 33,47, 98 American 98 quaking 32 Aspen society 24 Aspidium Filix-mas. Asplenium Andrewsii 30, septentrionalis Trichomanes 30, Aster adscendens Andrewsii 32, Bigelovii ciliatus coerulescens 12, commutatus 15, crassulus 16, Eatonii Engelmannii exiguus 16, foliaceus Eatonii glaucus incanopilosus laetevirens laevis 26, Nelsonii Osterhoutii 12, Pattersonii polycephalus 16, 26, Ported 26,32, salicifolius coerulescens.. 49 51 51 51 51 233 235 235 235 233 234 234 234 235 233 233 235 233 234 234 234 233 234 235 234 234 234 233 233 Aster 31 235 235 235 234 233 235 233 227 233 235 234 Underwoodii 32, violaceus Andrews's ascending Bigelow's coerulean ciliate Eaton's Engelmann's golden glaucous harsh light-green-leaved . . . INDEX 273 References to the Flora are in brackets [ 1 many-headed Nelson's Osterhout's Patterson's Porter's prairie, white smooth thickish Underwood's varying violet wart-cress-leaved white prairie Astragalus alpinus campestris Canadensis Carolinianus decumbens Drummondii flexuosus goniatus 14, 18, hypo glottis bracteosus polyspermus nitidus 18, oroboides A mericanus Parryi Shortianus sulphurescens tenellus tridactylicus virgultatus Atelophragma elegans 32, Atheropogon. . , curtipendulus 18, Atragene Columbiana occidentalis 25, Atriplex argentea 17, carnosa 17, hortensis 17, occidentalis Avena fatua 44, sativa 46, striata 22, 31, Avens 21, mountain, purple three-flowered turbinate white yellow Arapahoe Oregon Rocky Mountain 234 233 234 235 234 234 234 234 233 235 235 235 234 155 156 157 155 155 157 156 157 156 156 156 156 156 157 157 156 157 158 156 156 156 [67; [67; 122 122 122 110 110 110 110 110 65 66 66 66 145 145 145 146 147 146 146 145 145 yellow Bachelor's button Bahia chrysanthemoides dissecta 29, oppositifolia Bahia, fine-leaved opposite-leaved Balsam-apple wild Balsam fir 36,39, 145 225 244 244 244 244 244 244 222 222 [54 western [54 Balsam poplar. Baneberry ivory red, western western red Barberry, holly BARBERRY FAMILY Barley little six-rowed Barnyard grass Bastard toad-flax pale Batidaea laetissima 20,25, Batrachium aquatile flaccidum flaccidum 34, BEAN FAMILY Bearberry red Beard-grass [57], golden Beard-tongue 13, alpine glaucous low mountain narrow-sepalled one-sided Rydberg's sharp-leaved slender tall Bedstraw fragrant northern Vaillant's yellow-flowered Bee plant, Rocky Mountain. . . Bellflower BELLFLOWER FAMILY Bell rue western Belvisia. . . [98 119 119 119 119 125 125 77 77 77 58 103 103 141 141 122 122 122 152 186 186 [63 [57 211 212 212 212 211 212 212 212 212 212 213: 220 220: 220 220: 220: 135: 222: 222: 122: 122: [Si! 274 INDEX References to the Flora are in brackets f 1 septentrionalis [51] 64 64 64 64 64 125 125 125 2071 2071 207 207 183] 183 183 215 215 101 101 101 101 101' 101 101 264 244] 244 244 244 187 187 187 195 108 196 196 196 101 101 101 27 101] 101 101 101 101 lOlj 185j 136 136j 108 108 108j 108j 108 1081 • Bittercress [ 133] 133 134 134 114 114 139 [50 128 128 128 128 128 219 219 226 226 226 109 111 109 109 109 109 222 223 202 202 202 187 187 187 255 [95; [95 [95; 211 95 70 72 69 72 65 64 259 245 246 27 [95] 95 96 96 200 200 141 141 [49] Bent-grass heart-leaved . j harsh hoary Miss Ross's valley thin Bitter root pvsrnv BERBERIDACEAE Black currant small Berberis, A quifolium re-bens Bladder-fern Bladder pod Bergamot double mint-lea, ved common soft many- flowered strict Shear's Berula Bladderwort o,ns.ustifoli(i common erects. 1 1 Blazing-star 13 [ Besseya dotted [ alpinu 42 purple-bracted Betula Elite [ A ndfcwsii sea fontinalis 12 28 37 strawberry gland ulosa Blitum occidentalis capitatum 25, rubrum papyrifera Andrewsii.. . .25, BETULACEAE Bluebell Bibliography 47-48, 261- western Bidens Bluebells [ glaucescens 12, many-leaved tenuisecta punctate vulgata 12, 45, Blueberry myrtle Bilberry dwarf BLUEBERRY FAMILY red-berried Bluebottle Bindweed Blue-eyed grass 34, alpine narrow-leaved Blue-eyed Mary little 1 black bracted inland hairy. Blue flag, Missouri Blue-grass, English false Kentucky Kentucky Birch 28 Andrews's canoe canoe, Andrews's dwarf. . false fountain. Blue-joint Canada glandular. purple red, western.. Blue-lettuce common | scrub Boebera | western red. . papposa 16 45 | BIRCH FAMILY.. Bog orchids 21 Bird's-nest, giant.. Bog orchis Bishop's cap green-flowered western loose- flowered Bistort northern. alpine BORAGE FAMILY oblong-leaved BORAGINACEAE Bistorta Bosseckia. bistortoides... 37 39 parviflora 25 vivipara. . . .39. Botrvchium.. , 4231 INDEX 275 References to the Flora are in brackets f 1 Virginianum 25, [49 Bouncing Bet. [118 Bouteloua 67 hirsuta 15,18, [67 oligostachya 14, 15, 18, [67 racemosa 67 Box elder 12, [168 common [168 Texan [168 Bracken [50 Bracted bindweed [196 inland [196 Brake, hairy [50 Bramble [141 Brassica 131 campestris 46, 132 juncea 45, 131 nigra 45, 132 BRASSICACEAE 127 Breadroot, Indian . 160 Brickellia, grandiflora minor, . . 225 Brickellia 225 umbellate 225 white-stemmed [226 Brier 21, [148 Bristle-grass 78 long-leaved 78 short-leaved 78 Brome-grass .. . . 74 lanate 75 large marginate 74 marginate, large 74 Pumpelly's 75 quake-grass 75 Richardson's 75 Bromus 74 brizaeformis 44, 75 hordeaceus : . .44, 75 lanatipes 27, 75 marginatus latior 14, 74 mollis 75 Porteri lanatipes 75 Pumpellianus 14, 27, 75 Richardsonii 27, 75 secalinus. 44, 75 tectorum 44, 75] Brooklime [214] American [214] Broom-grass 13, [57] BROOM-RAPE FAMILY [219] Brunella, see Prunella Buchloe dactyloides [67 BUCKTHORN FAMILY 168 Buckwheat, false 108 common [108 Buffalo berry [175 Canadian.. . 175 Buffalo grass 13, common false Bugloss small Bugseed marginal-friuted Bulbilis dactyloides Bull pine 20,24,25,31, Bulrush 10, great pale BUNCH-FLOWER FAMILY Bunch-grass 20, blue Bur-grass Bur-marigold glaucescent Bur nightshade common Bur-reed narrow-leaved BUR-REED FAMILY Bursa Bursa-pastoris 45, Buttercup Adonis-like Macoun's northern BUTTERWORT FAMILY Button-snakeroot CACTACEAE Cactus viviparus Cactus 6, ball viviparous CACTUS FAMILY Cactus mesa society 18, Calamagrostis Canadensis purpurascens 27, 31, Calamus Calandrinia pygmaea Calceolaria linearis 22, Callisteris collina leucantha CALLITRICHACEAE Callitriche autumnalis bifida 10, palustris 10, CALOCHORTACEAE Calochortus Gunnisonii 18, 67] 67 68 204: 204: 110 110 67: 67 53 79 80 80 88 57: 74 59 244 244 209 209 [55 55 55 128: 128 122 123 124 123 219 226 174 174 174: 19 [174] [174] [174] 19 64] 65 64] 87 114] 172 172] 197 197 166 166 166 166 166 [94; [94 [94 276 INDEX [424 References to the Flora are in brackets Caltha. .. chionophila leptosepala 37, 39, 118 118 118 rotundifolia Calypso borealis Calypso northern Camass, death 34, poison falcate Camelina [128 sativa 45, [128 CAMPANALES 10, 12 118 97 97 97 88 88 88 Campanula Parryi petiolata 19, 26, uniflora 42, CAMPANULACEAE CAMPANULALES Campe Americana CAMPESTRES 9, 222 223 222 222 222 222 131 131 36 campestrian vegetation 36 Campion [117] moss [117] Canadian vegetation 9 Canary-grass [59 reed [59 Cancer-root 219 clustered 219 yellow 219 CANNABINACEAE 102 CAPER FAMILY 135 Capnoides 126 aureum 126 montanum 126 pachylobum 126 CAPPARIDACEAE 135 Caraway 182 common 182 mountain 182 Cardamine ; 133 cardiophylla ". 134 cordifolia 37, 133 incana 37, 134 infausta 134 vallicola 12, 134 Cardaria 127 Draba 127 CARDUACEAE 225 CARDUALES 224 Carduus Centaureae 253 Color adensis [254 erosus 254 griseus 253 megacephalus [254 ochrocentrus . [255 Parryi Plattensis. . scopulorum. undulatus. . Carex. . acutina alpina Stevenii athrostachya.. 14, atrata 41, aurea 28, Beckii bella 39, canescens 33, capillaris 41, chalciolepis 41, chimaphila 41, Deweyana 25, Douglasii 15,27, durifolia ebenea 33, 35, 39, festiva.. ..22,27,28,35,39, Haydeniana festucacea 14, Geyeri 32, Goodenovii 33, 37, Hoodii 28,35, incurva 41, lanuginosa 11, 35, marcida 14, 18,27, muricata Americana confixa nigricans 41, obtusata 41, occidentalis 33, 35, oreocharis Pennsylvanica vespertinalS, petasata 27,35, pratensis 14, 18,27, pulla Pyrenaica 41, rhomboidea rigida 41, rupestris 41, Sartwellii saxatilis scoparia 14, siccata 15,27, stenophylla stipata 11, straminea 15, 18, straminiformis 18, stricta 11, tenella 28, umbellata brachyrhina brevirostris 18, utriculata 33, variabilis 253 254 253 254 [81 84 425] INDEX 277 References to the Flora are in brackets f 1 86 84 84 81 22 Carum Carvi 46, Hallii CARYOPHYLLACEAE CASHEW FAMILY Castilleja Arapahoensis 40, cognata 26, confusa 26, 32, Crista-galli integra 26, 32, lancifolia 32, lauta 32, linariaefolia . .19, 26, [215], nliformis.. . occidentalis oreopola subintegra pallida occidentalis rhexifolia . 42, vespertina vulgaris alpina vulpinoidea 11, Carolinian flora 21, Carpet-weed [113] common [113] Carrion flower [94 western [94 182 182 183 117 167 215 216 216 216 216 216 217 217 216 215 217 217 217 217 sulphurea 32, 35, [216], 217 Castilleja 43 Catchfly .[117] alpine 49 night-blooming [117" sleepy [117; depauperate [117 Catch-fly grass [59 Catmint 206 Catnip 206 common 206 Cat's-foot 31, 239 corymbed 240 fairest 241 false pearly 241 imbricate 240 marginate 240 medium 239 pearly, false 241 rosy 240 sharp-leaved 240 small-leaved 240 sunny [240 umber 239 Cattail 10, [55 broad-leaved [55 CATTAIL FAMILY [55 Ceanothus [168 Fendleri 19, 20, [168 mollissimus 20, 168 ovatus pubescens [168 pubescens [168 subsericeus 20, 168; velutinus 25, 168 Cedar, Rocky Mount'n red. 29, [54 Celtis [103 reticulata 20, [103 Cenchrus [59 Carolinianus 44, [59 tribuloides [59 255 255 189 189 115 115 152 118 118 118 147 147 174 174 174 59 59 59 59 189 189 176 176 176 174 164 164 164 164 164 75 75 51 51 51 51 51 108 108 108 109 109 109 109 109 mcanum 109 Centaurea Cyanus Centunculus minimus 20, Cerastium occidentale 22, Cerasus demissa melanocarpa.... CERATOPHYLLACEAE Ceratophyllum demersum 10, Cercocarpus parvifolius 20, Cereus viridiflorus Cereus, prickly green-flowered Chaetochloa glauca 44, Italica 46, viridis 44, Chaffweed least Chamaenerion angustifolium 25, platyphyllum Chamaesyce Fendleri 16, glyptosperma petaloidea rugulosa serpyllifolia 16, Cheat, common thatch Cheilanthes F6ei 30, Fendleri 30, gracilis lanuginosa CHENOPODIACEAE CHENOPODIALES Chenopodium album 45, Botrys 45, Fremontii 25. incanum hybridum 45, 278 INDEX [426 References to the Flora are in brackets leptophyllum 45, oblongifolium oblongifolium rubrum 16, 108 108 108 109 Chenopods 16 151' 208 152 152 28 Cherry ground red, wild sand, Bessey's. wild 20,21, Chickweed common mouse-ear western Chicory common Chimaphila umbellata 26, Chionophila Jamesii 42, Chondrophylla Americana Fremontii CHORIPETALAE. . Chrysanthemum [246 Leucanthemum [246 Chrysopogon nutans 15, [57 . ..32, ...30, Chrysopsis. amplifolia.. arida Bakeri Caudata.. . compacta Cooperi foliosa hirsutissima hispida 16, incana resinolens 19, obtusata villosa 16, hispida Chrysothamnus elegans 35, graveolens 17, nauseosus graveolens Parryi 36, pulcherrimus 16, 17, fascicularis Cicely, sweet ClCHORIACEAE Cichorium Intybus 45, Cicuta . . 21, 227 228 228 228 228 228 229 228 227 228 228 228 228 228 228 229 229 229 229 229 229 229 182 255 256 256 182 occidentalis 11, [182 Cinna [63 latifolia 28,33, [63 pendula [63 142 143 141 142 142 143 143 145 142 142 143 143 143 142 144 144 142 143 [180 Cinquefoil [141], branched bushy cut-leaved glaucous diffuse fairest glandular, large-flowered. ground lateral-flowered minute-leaved Pennsylvania, arachnoid, villous rough shrubby tall white-seeded woolly Circaea. . . acaulescens X Americanum.. Americanum 26, Americanum X griseum . . . . Centaureae [253], Coloradense 32, erosum 26, griseum 42, megacephalum 15, ochrocentrum 15, Parryi Plattense scopulorum 42, undulatum 16, Clammy- weed large-flowered Claytonia Chamissonis megarrhiza 41, rosea Clematis Douglasii Jonesii eriophora ligusticifolia 28, Cleome serrulata Cleome pink , white Climate and rainfall Climatology. Clivose vegetation 21 Closed gentian [191] 427] INDEX 279 References to the Flora are in brackets \ Bigelow's. . . Parry's Romanzof's. 192 192 192 Clover 44, [154 alpine 40 alsike 154J gray [154; livid 154; prairie 160 red 154; sheep [154 sweet [155 white [155 white [154 Club-moss 40, 52 little 52 stiff 52 CLUB-MOSS FAMILY 52 Cancer-root [219 clustered [219 yellow 219 Cnicus Americanus 253 eriocephalus 253 ochrocentrus 255 Parryi 253 undulatus 254 megacephalus 254 Cocklebur 225 common 225 Cockspur grass [58 Cogswellia 184 orientalis 26, 184 Coleosanthus 225 albicaulis 30, 226 congestus 225 minor 30, 225 umbellatus 225 Collinsia 211 parviflora 211 tenella 29, 211 Collomia 198 linearis 19,23, 198 Boulderensis 198 micrantha 196 Coltsfoot, sweet 248 Columbine 119 azure • 119 blue 40 Columbo [192 narrow-leaved [193 narrow-sepalled showy Comandra pallida 18,43, COMMELINACEAE... 192 192 103 103 [87 Composites 13, 43 Cone-flower 13, [242J ..32, gray-headed long-headed . . . brown yellow Conioselinum scopulorum CONVALLARIACEAE CONVOLVULACEAE Convolvulus ambigens arvensis 45, interior Corallorhiza Corallorhiza 22, 43, innata multiflora 43, ochroleuca Cord-grass freshwater Corispermum marginale CORNACEAE Cornflower CORRIGIOLA FAMILY CORRIGIOLACEAE Corydalis aurea aurea occidentalis . Corydalis golden mountain CORYLACEAE Corylus rostrata 22,28, Cottonwood 12, 21, 28, 242 242 242 242 184 184 [93; 195 195 196 196 196 97 97 97 97 97 66 66 110 110 181 255 112 112] 126 126 126 126 126 102 102 102 [98 black [98 narrow-leaved western Cowbane western Cow herb Cow parsnip woolly Cowslip, white Crab-grass [57], wild Cranberry, high-bush Cranesbill Bicknell's Fremont's Parry's Patterson's 98 [98 182 182 117 184 184 39 [66 [66 221 162 162 162 162 162 Richardson's. .[162 Cranny and crevice vegetation. ' CRASSULACEAE [136 Crataegus [150 Cerronis [151 Coloradensis 22, [150 280 INDEX References to the Flora are in brackets Colorado Coloradoides 20,22, Doddsii 22, erythropoda 20,22. occidentalis 20,22, Creeper, Virginia Crepis alpicola 42, angustata denticulata 26, 34, glaucella occidentalis perplexa petiolata 26, runcinata Cress 27, hoary marsh blunt-leaved curved-podded rock Stanley's glaucous water winter American yellow spreading warty-podded Crevice and cranny vegeta- tion 24, Croton ^ Texensis Croton Texas Crowfoot alpine creeping elliptic-leaved heart-leaved kidney-leaved Nuttall's seaside small-flowered small-petalled swamp, western ugly western swamp white water 34, flaccid-leaved CROWFOOT FAMILY Crownbeard western Crunocallis Chamissoi 11, 28, Cryptanthe crassisepala 16, 150 151 151 151 150 169 256 257 257 257 [257 257 256 256 256 128 127 129 129 129 134 135 135 128 131 131 129 129 129; 29 163 163 163 163 122 123 123 123 123 124 124 124 124 123 124 123 124 122 122 118 243 244 114 114 201 201 Pattersonii ................ [202 Cryptogramme ............. [50 [50 241 acrostichoides ....... 29, Cudweed ................. marsh ................... 241 sulphurescent ............ 241 Wright's ................ 241 Cultivated plants ............ 7 Cultural plants ............ 7, 44 Currant .................... [139 black, small ............... 139 golden, long-flowered ....... 140 red ...................... 140 western ................. [139 wax ................... 20, 29 small ................... 140 Cuscuta .................... 195 curta .................. 43, 195 Gronovii curta ............. 195 indecora ............... 43, 195 CUSCUTACEAE ............... 195 Cut-grass, rice ............... Cycloloma .................. [IK atriplicifolium ............. [110 platyphyllum .............. [110 Cymopterus, false ........... [185 CYPERACEAE ................ 79 Cyper grass ................. [79 awned ..................... [79 Bush's ................... 79 Cyperus .................... [79 aristatus .................. [79 Bushii .................... [79 inflexus ............... 11, [79 Cyrtorrhyncha .......... 25, [124 Cymbalaria ............... [124 ranunculina ............... [124 Cytherea ................... 97 bulbosa ................ 32, 97 Dactylis .................... 69 glomerata ............. 44, 69 Daisy, mountain ............. [239 oxeye .................... [246 Daisy fleabane .............. 238 Dandelion .................. 248 common .................. 248 mountain ................. 248 Danthonia, Calif ornica ........ [66 intermedia ................ 66 spicata ................... [66 Darnel ..................... [75 Dasiphora .................. [144 fruticosa ............ 33,35, 144 Dasystephana ............... 191 Bigelovii .................. 192 Parryi ................. 42, [192 Romanzovii ............ 42, [192 429] INDEX 28l References to the Flora are in brackets Datura [2W Stramonium 45, [210 Tatula 45, [210; DAYFLOWER FAMILY [87 DEAD NETTLE FAMILY 205 179 179 119 120 120 119 119 119 119 119 120 Delavaux' evening primrose... short-podded Delphinium Ajacis 46, Barbeyi camporum 18, Nelsonii 18, occidentale 32, 35, Penardii 15, 18, quercetorum scopulorum subalpinum subalpinum 120 Deschampsia [65 caespitosa 34, 35, [65 Deweya acaulis [163 Deyeuxia Canadensis [65 sylvatica [64 Dichrophyllum marginatum.. . . [165 DlCOtYLEDONES 98 Disporum 28, 93 majus 28, 93 trachycarpum 93 Disporum, rough-fruited 93 Distegia [222] involucrata 29, [222" Distichlis 69 maritime, stricta 69 stricta 16, 69 Dock 105 bitter curly dense-flowered. spatter, western 105 105 105 125 willow-leaved Dodder pretty short-styled DODDER FAMILY Dodecatheon pauciflorum philoscia 33, radicatum 29,35, sinuatum sinuatum 29, Dogbane clasping-leaved crag pale smooth spreading DOGBANE FAMILY Dog-tooth violet Dogwood 21,27,28, red-osier DOGWOOD FAMILY Dondia depressa 17, erecta Double bladder pod common many-flowered Douglas spruce 24, 25, Douglasia Johnstoni Draba aurea 32, 42, aureiformis 42, Bakeri cana 41, Coloradensis crassifolia 41, decumbens 42, Fladnizensis .... 39, luteola 41, nemorosa streptocarpa 28, 32, 41, DRACAENACEAE Dracocephalum parviflorum 23, 26, Dragon's-head small-flowered DRAGON-TREE FAMILY Dropseed hair-grass northern rough • sand Drop-seed grass marsh slender Drop wort, water Drosace carinata Dryas octopetala 42, Dryas Drymocallis arguta 14, fissa 18, Dryopteris Filix-mas Duckweed 10, gibbous lesser DUCKWEED FAMILY Dysodia chrysanthemoides Eaton grass blunt-scaled Pennsylvania [92. 181 181 181 111 111 111 128 128 128 [54 189 132 133 133 133 133 132 132 133 133 133J 132 133] [94 206 206 206 206 94 63] 63 63 63 63 61] 61] 62] [183 189 189: 147] 147] 40 [144 [144 [145 49 49 87 87j 87' 87 [246 [68 68 68 282 INDEX [430 References to the Flora are in buckets stout Eatoni obtusata robusta Pennsylvania ........... 28, robusta ................ 12, Echinochloa Crus-galli mutica 12, Echinocystis lobata ........... Echinospermum floribundum. . . Redowskyi occidentals ....... cupulatum .............. Edwinia .................... Americana ............. 30, ELAEAGNACEAE .............. Elder ...................... black-berried .............. box marsh small-berried .............. Eleocharis .................. acicularis .............. 11, acuminata ............. 11, glaucescens ............ 11, palustris ............... 11, glaucescens .............. tenuis .................... Elephant, little red ....... 39, Elephantella Groenlandica 34, 35, 40, Echinocereus ................ [174 viridiflorus ............. 19, [174 58 58 58 222 200 200 200 139 139 175 220 221 168 224 220 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 218 218 218 Elm [103 American 103 ELM FAMILY [103 Elymus 78 ambiguus 27, 79 brachystachys 15, 18, [78 Canadensis 12, 78 condensatus 78 Macounii 14, 78 robustus 12, 78 strigosus 27, 79 villiflorus 18,27, 79 Enchanter's nightshade [180 alpine [180 ENSIFORMES 18, EPILOBIACEAE Epilobium adenocaulon 11, 29, 33, occidentale adenocladon alpinum anagallidifolium ..... 33, 42, angustifolium .............. occidentale... 19 176 177 177 177 178 177 177 176 177 paniculatum 19, [177 rubescens 33, [177 EQUISETACEAE EQUISETALES Equisetum arvense 10, laevigatum 10, 12, 28, Eragrostis major 44, pectinacea 15, ERICACEAE ERICALES Erigeron acris debilis Bellidastrum Canadensis canus compositus pinnatisectus trifidus debilis divergens 15, eximius 32, flagellaris 15, glandulosus 32, jucundus 34,40, leucotrichus 42, lonchophyllus 34, macranthus 26, 37, mirus melanocephalus 42, minor 34, multifidus 32, oreocharis pinnatisectus 42, pumilus pusillus ramosus 16, 45, salicinus 26, salsuginosus 40, glacialis simplex 44, Smithii 36, speciosus 32, stolonifer strigosus subtrinervis 32, superbus 32, 40, trifidus 32,. uniflorus [236 Eriocoma [61 cuspidata 20, [61 Eriogonum " alatum 18, Bakeri crassifolium effusum 15, 431! INDEX 283 References to the Flora are In brackets f 1 flavum 18, vegetius Jamesii flavescens subalpinum 37, umbellatum 18, Eriophyllum lanatum Eritrichium argenteum Erodium.. . cicutarium 45, Erysimum alpestre asperum alpestre. . nanum. . 104 104' 104 104 104 245 20f 201 163 163 130 131 130 131 131 131 131 131 145 145 [92 grandiflorum parviflorum. . . . [92 parviflorum 41, [92^ Escapes 43, 46 Bucephalus [233] 233 233 225 225 165 166 166 164 164 165 165 Cockerellianum.. .25, 32, 41, nivale 41, oblanceolatum Erythrocoma ciliata 35, 42, Erythronium. Engelmannii 32, glaucus 26, Eupatorium maculatum 21, Euphorbia Arkansana cuphosperma dentata Fendleri glyptosperma marginata. montana. . robusta [165 petaloidea serpyllifolia rugulosa EUPHORBIACEAE EUPHORBIALES Eurotia Janata Eustoma Andrews!! Eustoma Andrews's Eutoca sericea 32,42, Evening primrose Delavaux' hairy Hooker's scapose tooth-leaved white . . 164 164 164 163 163 110 110 190 190 190 190 200 200 178 179 178 178 179 180 178 16, 239 241 241 195 195 195 152 44 101 108 108 [68 185 185 185 128 215 204 204 159 159 160 65 65 65 65 .[241 Everlasting pearly false Evolvulus argenteus Nuttallianus FABACEAE FAENALES 43 FAGALES False buckwheat common False buffalo grass False cymopterus multifid-leaved sylvan False flax False foxglove, purple False gromwell western False indigo shrubby small-leaved False oat larger mountain narrow False pearly everlasting . False Solomon's seal [ 93 clasping-leaved [93 starry ; [93 False sunflower, five-ribbed. . . [243 False timothy [62 Fame-flower [113 small-flowered [113 Feather geranium [109 Fern 3,27, 29 bladder 50 fragile 21, 50 grape 49 lip 51 parsley [50 shield 49 FERN FAMILY 49 Fern worts 49 Fescue-grass 73 King's 73 meadow 73 naked-stemmed prostrate red sheep short-leaved slender small-flowered Festuca brachyphylla 27,41, confinis 27, 284 INDEX [43* References to the Flora are in brackets \ 1 elatior 14,44, pratensis ingrata nudata Kingii minutiflora 41, octoflora 15, 18, ovma brevifolia nudata supina rubra 35 tenella Figwort [211 western [211 FIGWORT FAMILY [211 FILICALES Filix fragilis 22,29, Finger grass Fir 24,31,38,39, balsam 36,39, red Fire weed narrow- leaved Five-finger [141], Flax false Lewis's meadow FLAX FAMILY Fleabane 27,31, 49 50 50 57^ 40 [54 [54 176 176 142 163 128 163 163 163 235 black-headed [236 broad-rayed... choice common composite daisy divergent glandular ice lance-leaved... large-flowered multifid pinnate pleasant showy simple small smaller Smith's stoloniferous. . superb three-nerved . . three-parted . . white-haired. . willow wonderful... 237 238 238 236 238 238 237 237 235 238 236 236 236 238 236 237 236 238 239 237 238 236 237 237 238 Fleur-de-lis [95 Flora of Boulder, Colorado.. . . [49 Flowering raspberry 29, [141 savory 141 Fly-honeysuckle [222 involucred [222 Fog-fruit [205 wedge-leaved 205 Fontinal vegetation 21, 27 Foot-hill canon society... .24, 27, 36 Foot-hill flora 9, 17, 23,.. 24, 29, 30 Foot-hill meadow society 24, 27 Forage plants 43, 44 Foxglove, false [215 Foxtail [59], 62 ditch 63 green 59 swamp 62 western 63 yellow 59 Fragaria 143 Americana 144 bracteata 28, 144 glauca 144 pauciflora 144 prolifica 144 vesca Americana 144 Fragile-fern 21, [50 Fragrant sumach 167 three-lobed [167 FRANGULACEAE [168 Franseria discolor [224 Frasera 192 angustifolia [193 speciosa [192 stenosepala 26, [192 FUGITIVAE 44, 46 FUMARIACEAE [126] FUMITORY FAMILY [126] Fungi, parasitic 43 saprophytic 43 Gaertneria 224 tomentosa 16, 224 Gaertneria, woolly 225 Gaillardia 245 aristata 15, 19, 245 Gaillardia 13, 27 awned [245 Galingale [79 Galium [220 Aparine Vaillantii [220 boreale 23, 26, [220 flaviflorum 23, 220 triflorum 26, [220 Vaillantii 23, 220 Gaultheria 186 humifusa 186 433] INDEX References to the Flora are in brackets Myrsinitis Gaura coccinea 14, glabra 14, parviflora 14, 19, Gaura scarlet small-flowered smooth Gayophyte intermediate Gayophytum intermedium 19, Gentian 39, American closed Bigelow's Parry's Romanzof's. . crag Fremont's fringed bearded showy Holm's low one-flowered strict-flowered GENTIAN FAMILY Gentiana amarella acuta. amarella stricta barbellata. . kVPM elegans Fremontii monantha Moseleyi Parryi plebeja Holmii prostrata A mericana Romanzovii strictiflora, GENTIANACEAE GENTIANALES Gentianella dementis Geoprumnon succulentum 18, GERANIACEAE GERANIALES Geranium Bicknellii Fremontii 19, Parryi gracilentum longipes Parryi 22, 186 180 180 180 180 180 180 180 180 178 178 178 178 190 191 191 192 192 191 191 191 190 190 190 191 191 190 190 190 191 190 190 192 190 191 190 190 192 191 191 191 191 191 190 190 191 155 155 162 162 162 162 162 162 162 162' 162' Pattersonii Richardsonii 29, 35, Geranium, feather GERANIUM FAMILY Gerardia Besseyana 15, 43, Germander western Geum ciliatum Oregpnense 28, 35, Rossii humilis scopulorum 22, strictum 28, triflorum turbinatum urbanum Oregonense Gilia aggregate, attenuate, attenuata collina Brandegeei Candida 19, inconspicua linearis pinnatifida 19, sinuata 19, spicata Gilia acute-lobed foothill inconspicuous small-flowered spiked wavy-leaved white Gill-over-the-ground Glechoma, see Glecoma. Glecoma hederacea 45, Globe-flower 39, white Glycyrrhiza lepidota Gnaphalium palustre 34, sulphurescens Wrightii 26, Goatsbeard, yellow Gold, mountain Golden aster 13, ample-leaved arid Baker's caudate Cooper's hairiest. . . 162 162 109 162 215 215 205 205 145 145 145 147 145 145 145 146 146 197 197 197 197 199 197 197 198 197 197 197 197 197 197 197 197 197 197 197 206 206 206: 118' 118 159 159 241 24f 241, 241 255 230 227: 228' 228 228 228 229 227: INDEX [434 References to the Flora are in brackets hispid leafy obtuse-leaved , resinous villous.. . Golden currant, long-flowered.. Golden glow Golden rod 13,31, common decumbent dwarf dwarf harsh-leaved hoary many-leaved Missouri, stout mountain loving open-topped pale Pitcher's prettiest smoothest stiff, hoary three-nerved viscid yellowish-gray Gooseberry 29, Purpus's valley GOOSEBERRY FAMILY Goosefoot Fremont's hoary maple-leaved narrow-leaved oblong-leaved red , white GOOSEFOOT FAMILY GOURD FAMILY Grama-grass common prairie Grape 21, Boulder river-bank GRAPE FAMILY Grape-fern, Virginia.. . . 228 228: 228: 228' 228 140 242 230 231 230 230 232 232 232 231 231 230 230 231 231 232 231 232 232 231 231 139 139 139 139 108 109 109 109 108 108 109 109 108 222 [67 [67 [67 169 169 169 169 [49 Grapes, Oregon [125 Grass. .6, 10, 12, 27, 34, 39, 40, barnyard beard [57], bent. . blue [69], [70], blue-eyed 34, bristle brome.. . broom 13, 57 buffalo 13, [67], 68' bunch 20,57, 74: bur 59' canary 59 catchfly 59 cockspur 58 cord 66 crab [57], 66 cut 59 cyper 79 dropseed 61 Eaton 68 fescue 73 finger 57 grama 67 hair [64], 65 holy 60 Indian 57 lyme 78 manna 72 marsh 66 meadow 14, 69 melic 69 mesquit 13, 67 Munro's 68 oat 66 orchard 68 panic [57], 58 pepper [127 penny [127 porcupine 13, [60 poverty [60 prairie [68 quack [76 reed [63], 64 rush [61], [62 rye 75 salt 69 salt meadow 73 skunk 68 spear 69 spike 69 squirrel-tail 77 stink 68 switch 58 triple-awned 60 turkey-foot 13, 57 wheat 76 whitlow [132 witch [57 GRASS FAMILY F57 Grass-fern [51 Grass of Parnassus 139 fimbriate 139 GRASS OF PARNASSUS FAMILY.. 139 Cratiola.. 214 435] INDEX 287 References to the Flora are in brackets Virginiana 11, Great blue lobelia, Louisiana.. . Greek valerian Brandegee's purple stout yellow GREENBRIER FAMILY Green milkweed common narrow leaved Grindelia Eldorae 36, erecta perennis 15, serrulata 15, serrulata X perennis subalpina 36, Texana GROSSULARIACEAE Gromwell false Ground cherry clammy hairy long-leaved prairie purple round-leaved lobed Virginia Ground ivy Ground nut Boulder Ground plum succulent Groundsel 31, admirable alpine bashful blite broom-like Columbian Fendler's green-flowered Hall's Harbour's Hooker's lapathus-leaved leafy many-headed perplexing Pursh's ragweed-like Riddell's thickish triangular-leaved 214 223 198 199 199 198 198 [94 194 194 194 226 227 227 227 226 227 227 226 139 203 204 208 209 209 208 208 209 209 209 209 206 161 161 155 155 249 250 249 249 249 253 250] 251 249 249 251 250 250 251 253 250 251 253 253 250 249 turnip-leaved water-loving Gum plant Eldora erect perennial serrulate subalpine Texan Gumweed 13, GUNNERA FAMILY GUNNERACEAE Gutierrezia longifolia 16, 19, scoparia 16, 19, Gutierrezia, broom long-leaved Gymnolomia multiflora 29, Gymnolomia, many-flowered. . 250 250 226 227: 227: 227 226 227 226 [44 181 181 226 226 226 226 226 241 241 241 [96 Gyrostachys stricta. Habenaria Unalaschensis [96 Hackberry 20, [103 veiny-leaved [103 Hair grass [64], [65 tufted [65 .11, Halerpestes Cymbalaria Halictus galpinsiae.. . Harbouria trachypleura 25, Harbour's hemlock rough-ribbed Harebell Arctic Parry's Haw 20, 21, Cerro Colorado false Dodd's western Hawthorne Hawk's-beard alpine glaucescent narrow-leaved perplexing petioled runcinate toothed western Hawkweed Fendler's slender white-flowered Hazel 21,27, 124 124 180 182 182 182 182 222 222 222 [28 151 150 151 151 150] 150 256 257 256 257 256 256 256 256 257 257 257 257 257 102 288 INDEX [436 References to the Flora are in brackets long-beaked 21, HAZEL FAMILY Hazelnut, beaked Heal-all HEATH FAMILY Hedeoma hispida 16, HEDERACEAE Hedge hyssop clammy Hedge mustard common Hedge nettle crag Helenium montanum 12, Helianthella quinquenervis 37, Helianthus fascicularia giganteus Utahensis grosse-serratus 15, lenticularis 15, cpronatus petiolaris 16, 45, phenax pumilus 16, subrhomboideus 19, Utahensis Hemlock, Harbour's water Hemlock parsley Rocky Mountain Hemp, Indian HEMP FAMILY Heracleum lanatum 23,29, Hesperaster strictus Heteranthera limosa 11, Heuchera bracteata 30, Hallii 42, parvifolia 22,42, Hieracium albiflorum 26, 32, Fendleri 26, gracile 40, Hierochloe borealis odorata High ridge flora Hoarhound, water Hoary cress Holly barberry Hollyhock common... [28 102 102 206 186 207 207 181 214 214 130 130 206 206 245 245 243 243 242 243 243 243 242 246 243 243 243 243 243 182 182 [184 184 193 102 184 184 173 [88 [88 137 137 137 137 257 257 257^ 257: 60 60 37 208 127 125 170 170 Holodiscus dumosus Homalobus campestris decumbens flexuosus Salidae 14, tenellus 25,35, Homalocenchrus. . . .25, 147 147 157 157 157 157 158 157 [59 oryzoides 11, [59 Honeysuckle, fly 222 HONEYSUCKLE FAMILY 220 Hop 102 New Mexico 102 Hordeum 77 jubatum 14, 77 pusillum 15, 77 sativum hexastichon 46, 77 Hornwort 10, 118 common 118 HORNWORT FAMILY 118 Horse-cane [224 Horsemint [207 pectinate 207 Ramaley's 207 Horse radish 130 common 130 Horsetail 52 field 52 HORSETAIL FAMILY 52 Horseweed 239 common 239 dwarf 239 Hudsonian vegetation 9, [32 .23, HTJMIDAE 13 Humulus Lupulus Neo-Mexicanus.22, HYDRANGEA FAMILY HYDRANGEACEAE HYDROLEA FAMILY HYDROLEACEAE \ . Hydrophyllum Fendleri occidentals Fendleri HYPERICACEAE HYPERICALES Hypericum Canadense majus formosum majus 11 Hyssop, hedge Ibidium [96 Romanzoffianum strict- urn 28,33, [96 Indian breadroot [160 few-flowered [160 silver-leaf [160 [14 102 102 139 139 199 199 199 199 199 171 171 171 171 171 171 214 437] INDEX 289 References to the Flora are in brackets Indian currant, huckleberry. . . [221 mountain [221 Indian grass [57 nodding [57 Indian hemp 193 St. Johnswort 193 Indian pink 215 INDIAN PIPE FAMILY 185 Innocence 211 Introduction '. lonidium lineare [172 Ipomoea purpurea [195 Iris [95 Missouriensis 11, Iva axillaris 12, 17,45, xanthifolia ....... 12, 43, 45, Ivy, ground ................. poison .................... IVY FAMILY ................. IXIA FAMILY ................ IXIACEAE ................... Jacob's ladder ............... delicate .......... ......... fairest .................... soft ...................... JACOB'S LADDER FAMILY ...... Jamesia Americana .......... Jamesia ................. 29, American ................. erusalem oak ............... imson weed ................ oe-Pye weed, spotted ........ UNCACEAE ................. uncoides ................... parviflorum ............. 28, melanocarpum .......... subcongestum ........... spicatum ............... 39, Juncus ..................... Arizonicus .............. 14, Balticus montanus ..... 11,28, bufonius .................. castaneus ................ 41, confusus ............... 14, Drummondii ............ 39, Dudleyi ....... ......... 14, interior ................ 14, longistylis ........... 11,35, marginatus ............. 11, Mertensianus .............. nodosus ................ 11, parous ................. 35, Saximontanus ........ 33, 35, Torreyi ................. 11, triglumis ............... 41, Juneberry ................ 20, [95 224 224 224 206 167 181 [95 [95 198 198 198 198 196 139 139 139 109 210 225 88 90 33 90 91 91 88 89 88 89 90 89 89 89 89 89 89 90 90 90 90 90 90 29 elliptical-leaved [150] many-fruited [150] Juniper [54] low 20 mountain [54; JUNIPER FAMILY [54; JUNIPERACEAE 54 scopulorum 54 Sibirica 20, [54 Kale, sea Ill Kalmia 186; glauca microphylla 186; microphylla 39, 186 Knotweed 106 box-like 106 bushy 106 Douglas's 106 branched 106 Engelmann's 106 erect 106 one-leaved 106 Saguache 106 Watson's 106 KNOTWEED FAMILY 104 Koeleria 68 cristata 14,18,27, 68 nitida 68 Koniga [132 maritima 46, [132 Krummholtz 38, 39, [40 Krynitzkia crassisepala 201 Jamesii 201 Pattersonii 201 virgata 201 Kuhnia 225 eupatorioides corymbulosa.. . . 225 glutinosa 16, 225 Gooddingii 225 Hitchcockii 16, 225 Kuhnia, Goodding's 225 Hitchcock's 225 sticky 225 Kuhnistera oligophylla 160 purpurea 160 Kunzia 147 tridentata 147 Laciniaria , . 226 ligulistylis 26, 226 punctata 16, 226 Lactuca 258 Canadensis 259 integrata 45, 259 Ludoviciana 259 pulchella 12, 259 spicata 12, 259 LACUSTRES 31, [34 Lacustrine flora . . [37 290 INDEX [438 References to the Flora are in brackets Ladies' tresses [96 narrow-spiked [96 Lady's thumb 107 common 107 dock-leaved 107 Muhlenberg's 107 Lambkill 186 Lamb's quarters 108 LAMIACEAE 205 Lappula 200 angustata 26, 200 cupulata 16. 200 floribunda 26, 200 occidentalis 16, 200 Larkspur 34, 119 Barbey's 120 garden 120 Nelson's 120 Penard's 120 plains 120 western 120 Lathyrus 161 leucanthus 21, 25, 161 Laurel, swamp 186 Lavauxia 179 brachycarpa 179 Lead plant 159 Leather flower 121 Jones's 121 woolly 121 Leersia oryzoides 59 Lemna 87 gibba 10, 87 minor 10, 87 LEMNACEAE 87 Leonurus 206 Cardiaca 45, 206 Lepargyraea 175 Canadensis 25, 175; Lepidium 127 divergens 127 Draba 127; medium 127; Leptasea 138; austromontana. . . . ...36, 42, 138 chrysantha 42, 138: flagellaris 42, 138' Hirculus 138^ Leptilon 239 Canadense 45, 239; pusillum 239 Lesquerella 128' Shearis 128 Lettuce 258' common blue 259 common wild 259 Louisiana . . 259 prickly [259 showy [259 Lecocrinum [92 montanum [92 Liatris punctata [226 Lichens 29 Ligusticum 183 affine 183 Ported 23,26, 183 scopulorum 184 LILIACEAE [92 LlLIALES [88 Lilium [92 Philadelphicum montan- um 28, 92 Lily 92 Mariposa 17,18,27, 94 mountain 27, 92 pond 34, [125 sand 92 LILY FAMILY 92 LlLY-OF-THE-VALLEY FAMILY. . 93 Limnorchis 95 borealis 33, 96 laxiflora 22,28, 96 stricta 33, 95 viridiflora 22,28, 95 Limose society 10 Limosella 214 aquatica 10,34, 214 LlNACEAE 163 Linanthus 196 Harknessii 196 Linanthus, Harkness' 196 Linaria 211 Canadensis 20, 211 Linnaea 221 Americana 26, 221 Linum 163 Lewisii 15,19, 163 perenne Lewisii 163 pratense 163 Lip-fern [51 Fendler's [5i; woolly [51 Lippia cuneifolia [205 Liquorice, wild [159 Lister a borealis [96 nephrophylla [96 Lithospermum albescens an gusti folium. . . . breviflorum canescens linearifolium Little red elephant. Greeland . .16, .14. 203 203 203 203 203 203 218 218 439] INDEX 29I References to the Flora are in brackets Liverwort... 27 41, Lloydia serotina Lloydia, late LOASA FAMILY LOASACEAE Lobelia syphilitica Ludoviciana. . 12, Lobelia Louisiana great blue LOBELIA FAMILY LOBELIACEAE Loco- weed 13, 34, broad-leaved cespitose deflexed Lambert's little Richardson's silky Lolium Italicum 44, Lomatium Grayi Long-headed coneflower brown Looking-glass, Venus's Loosestrife [176], fringed winged LORANTHACEAE Lousewort 34, crag Gray's . . . Parry's racemose Lovage Porter's Lower Transition vegetation . . Lucerne Lungwort alpine greenish hairy lance-leaved linear-leaved perplexing pleasant small-flowered Lupine 13, alpine decumbent silvery Platte red-stemmed small-flowered Lupinus alpestres... [92 [92 [92 173 173 223 223 223 223 223 223 158 158 158 158 159 158 159 159 75 75 184 242 242 223 188 188 176 103 218 218 218 218 218 183 183 9 154 202 202 202 203 202 202 203 202 203 153 153 153 154 153 153 153 153 153 alsophilus 153; argenteus decumbens 153 decumbens, 14, 18, 153 argentatus 14, 154 leptostachys 153 parviflorus 153 Plattensis 18, 153 rubricaulis 153 Luzula melanocarpus 90 spadicea subcongesta 91 spicata 91 Lychnis 117 Drummondii 18, 117 Lycium 210 vulgare 46, 210 Lycopersicum, see Lycopersicon Lycopersicon [210 Lycopersicum 46, [210 LYCOPODIACEAE [52 LYCOPODIALES 52 Lycopodium 52 annotinum 39, 52 Lycopsis 204 arvensis 46, 204 Lycopus 208 Americanus 11, 208 Europeus sinuatus 208 lucidus 11, 208 sinuatus 208 Lycurus [62 phleoides [62 Lygodesmia. grandiflora juncea Lygodesmia, large-flowered rush-like Lyme grass ambiguous smooth strigose villous LYTHRACEAE Lythrum alatum 11, Machaeranthera aspera 26, Bigelovii 26, coronopifolia Pattersonii varians Macrocalyx 23, Nyctelea 23, Macronema pygmaeum MADDER FAMILY Madwort Mahogany, mountain MALACEAE.. . 256 256 256 256 256 78 79 79 79 79 176 176 176 235 235 235 235 235 235 199 199 230 220 132 147 150 292 INDEX [440 References to the Flora are in brackets [ ~\ Male-fern [49; Mallow 170 false 170 scarlet 170 round-leaved 170 western 170 white 170; MALLOW FAMILY [170 Malva 170; rotundifolia 45, 170 MALVACEAE 170 MAL VALES 170 Malvastrum 170 dissectum 14, 170 Manna-grass 72 floating, northern 73 Holm's [73; nerved 72 Maple 21, [167 .17,18,27, dwarf smooth three-leaved. MAPLE FAMILY Marigold, bur. fetid marsh Mariposa lily.. . Gunnison's MARIPOSA LILY FAMILY Marsh cress, blunt-leaved curved-podded hairy Marsh-elder burweed small-flowered Marsh grass, tall Marsh marigold white Mary, little blue-eyed Matrimony vine common Mayweed common Meadow-grass 13, alpine bunch crag fair-hued flexuous fowl inland long-ligulate [72 21 167 167 167 244 246 118 94 94 94 129 129 129 224 224 224 [66 118 118 211 210 210 246 246 69 71 72 71 70 70 70 71 long-pedunculate . mountain.. , Patterson's prairie reflexed... 72 70 71 .72 [70 reed rough rush-leaved. . . . salt smooth-glumed. Vasey's western Wheeler's wood Meadow-rue Fendler's purplish Meadowsweet. . . . bushy Medic hop Medica.. 44, sativa. . Medicago. lupulina 45, sativa MELANTHACEAE Melica bella 25, bulbosa Melic-grass bulbous Melilot yellow Melilotus alba.... 45, officinalis 45, 73 69 72 72 70 71 70 71 71 125 125 125 147 147 155 155 154 154 155 155 154 [88 69 69 69 69 69 155 155 155 155 155 MENSALES 9, [17 Mentha 208 arvensis Penardi 208 Penardi 11, 208 spicata 11,45, 208 viridis 208 Mentzelia albicaulis 174 albicaulis integrifolia 174 decapetala 173 dispersa 174 multiflora 173 nuda 173 ornata [173], 174 speciosa 173 Mentzelia [174 broad-leaved 174 entire-leaved 174 white-stemmed 174 Merathrepta 66 California 66 intermedia 33, 66 spicata 15, 66 Meriolix [180 serrulata 19, [180 Mertensia [202 44i] INDEX. 293 References to the Flora are in brackets alpina 42, amoena lanceolata 19, 23, 29, lateriflora linearis 19, micrantha perplexa 42, polyphylla 37, 42, punctata 29, Secundorum viridula 29, Mesa flora 9\ Mesa canon society 18, 21, Mesa meadow society 17, Mesquit-grass 13, common hairy tall Mexican poppy Micrampelis lobata.. . . Micranthes. arguta 33,37,39, rhomboidea 39, 42, Microsteris micrantha Microsteris, small-flowered.. . . Milfoil, water 10, . ..45, 202 202 202 202 202 203 203 202 202 203 202 17 28 18 67 67 67 67 13 222 222 137 138 137 196 196 196 181 Milk vetch 34, [155 alpine. bushy Canada decumbent.. . . Drummond's. flexile mountain Parry's plains pretty. 156 156 155 157 156 157 155 157 157 .156 purple 156 Salida.. shining Short's slender sulphur three-fingered Milkweed dwarf green short-crowned showy swamp MILKWEED FAMILY.. . 158 156 157 157 156 158 194 194 194 194 194 194 194 Millet, Italian [59 213 214 213 Mimulus floribundus 11,29, Geyeri 11, 23, 213 213 213 213 213 213 208 208 103 103 136 137 137 137 113 113 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 185 185 213 213 213 213 213 214 213 120 120 120 120 .120 MONOCOTYLEDONES.. . . [55 110 no no no 185 30 32 31 37 34 34 34 35 36 31 37 Hallii Jamesii Langsdorfii 37, minor minor puberulus 34,37, Mint Penard's Mistletoe, small MISTLETOE FAMILY Mitella pentandra stenopetala Mitre-wort narrow-petalled Mollugo. verticillata 45, Monarda menthaefolia 26, mollis 26, Nuttallii pectinata 16, Ramaleyi stricta Moneses uniflora Monkey-flower Geyer's Hall's Langsdorf's small many-flowered puberulent Monkshood 34, Columbia ochroleucous porrect showy. Monolepis. chenopodioides Nuttalliana Monolepis, Nuttall's MONOTROPACEAE. MONTANAE 9, Montane bog association . .31, Montane flora 9, 30, Montane forest 31, 36, Montane lake association. .31, Montane marginal vegetation.. Montane meadow 31, Montane rupestrine society.. . . Montane stream ass'n 31, Montane subzone Montane sylva 31, Moonwort [49 Morning glory [195 common [195 294 INDEX [442 References to the Flora are in brackets MORNING GLORY FAMILY [195] Moschatel [222] MOSCHATEL FAMILY [222] Mosses 27 Motherwort common Mountain ash Rocky Mountain Mountain avens purple three-flowered turbinate white yellow Arapahoe Mountain caraway obovate-leaved stemless Mountain daisy hoary Mountain forget-me-not .... silvery Mountain gold Parry's Mountain mahogany 20, small-leaved Mountain nut James's pulvinate virgate __ Mountain rice [61 silky [61 small-flowered [61 206 206 151 151 145 145 145 146 147 146 146 182 182 183 239 239 201 201 230 230 147 147 201 201 201 201 Mountain sorrel. Mouse-ear chickweed.. western Mouse tail «. beaked. . 105 115 115 122 ,122 Mud plantain [88 limose [88 Mudwort [214 214 246 247 246 61 61 62 61 62 [61 61 62 aquatic 34, Mugwort alpine prairie Muhlenbergia cuspidata 15, filiformis 33, glomerata gracilis 25, racemosa 11, Richardsoni 35, simplex 33,35, Mullen [211 common [211 moth [211 Munroa [68 squarrosa 15, [68 Munro's grass [68 Musineon 183 divaricatum 183 Musineon, leafy 183 Muskroot 222 Musquash root, western 182 Mustard 131 black 131 hedge 130 Indian 131 tansy 130 treacle 130 MUSTARD FAMILY 127 Myagrum sativum 128 Myagrum 128 Myosurus 122 apetalus 122 aristatus 122 Myriophyllum 181 spicatum 10, 181 MYRTALES 176 Nannyberry 221 Nasturtium 128 Armoracia 130 calycinum [129 hispidum 129 Nasturtium-aquaticum...!!, 128 obtusum 129 officinale 128 sinuatum 129 Negundo acer aides 168 Negundo 168 Nemexia [94 herbacea melica , . [94 lasioneuron 22, Nepeta Cataria Glechoma Nettle dead hedge slender NETTLE FAMILY . Nettle spurge. . . branching New Jersey tea. Fendler's hairy silkish varnished.. [94 206 206 206 102 205 206 102 102 164 164 168 168 168 168 168 NEW ZEALAND SPINACH FAMiLY[113 Nicotiana. attenuata Nightshade. . . . bur, common. enchanter's . . 210 210 209 209 180 443] INDEX 295 References to the Flora are In brackets inland three-flowered villous NIGHTSHADE FAMILY Nine-barks... ..21. glabrous intermediate. Ramaley's Torrey's Nodding violet narrow-leaved -. . . Nothocalais cuspidata Nuphar polysepalum Nuttallia decapetala multiflora nuda sinuata speciosa stricta Nyctelea Nymphaea / polysepala 34, Oat common false purple wild Oat-grass, wild Odostemon aquifolium repens. . 25, Oenothera albicaulis biennis hirsutissima strigosa brachycarpa coronopifolia Hookeri.* montana Nuttattii pinnatifida serrulata strigosa 14, Oligoneuron [232 canescens 15, [232 Onagra Hookeri [178 strigosa [178 Onion [91 wild [91], [92 ONION FAMILY [91 Onosmodium [204 occidentale 14, [204 OPHIOGLOSSACEAE [49 OPHIOGLOSSALES [49 Ophrys [96 210 209 210 208 140 140 140 140 140 172 172 257 257 125 173 173 173 173 173 173 173 199 125 125 65 65 65 65 65 66 125 125 125 178 178 178 178 179 179 178 179 179 178 180] 1781 Opulaster bracteatus glabratus 28, intermedius. 22, 28, Missouriensis monogynus 28, Ramaleyi 20,28, Opuntia fragilis 19, Greenei 19, humifusus mesacantha 19, Greenei polyacantha 19, Rafinesquii rhodantha 19, OPUNTIALES Orache fleshy garden silvery western Orchard grass common ORCHIDACEAE ORCHIDALES Orchids bog 21, Orchis, bog. . . Piper's ORCHIS FAMILY Oregon grapes creeping Oreobatus deliciosus 20,22,25,30, Oreobroma pygmaea 41, Oreocarya pulvinata suffruticosa virgata 19, Oreochrysum Parryi 26,32, OROBANCHACEAE Orophaca tridactylica Orpine 29, narrow-petalled ORPINE FAMILY Orthocarpus luteus 16, Orthocarpus, yellow Oryzopsis [61 cuspidata [61 296 INDEX [444 References to the Flora are in brackets \ 1 micrantha 25, [61 Osmorrhiza 182 longistylis 23, 182 obtusa 23, 182 OXALIDACEAE 163 Oxalis stricta 163 Oxeye daisy 246 common 246 Oxypolis 183 Fendleri 33,37, 183 Oxyria 105 digyna 41, 105 Oxytropis deflexa 158 Lamberti 159 multiceps 158 minor 158 sericea 159 splendens Richardsonii 159 Oyster plant 255 Ozomelis 137 stenopetala 137 Pachylobus 179 hirsutus 179 macroglottis 179 montanus 179 Paint brush 215 Painted cup 18,27, 215 Arapahoe 216 cockscomb 216 confused 216 entire-leaved 216 lance-leaved 216 Rhexia-leaved 216 subentire 216 sulphur 216 toad-flax-leaved 215 filiform 215 western 216 yellow 216 PALUDOSAE 31 32 Paludose society 10 PALUSTRES 10 Palustrous flora 10, 37 PANDANALES 55 Panic-grass 57 Scribner's 58 Tennessee 58 Panicularia 72 Americana 11, 73 borealis 11, 73 Holmii 28, 73 nervata 11,28, 72 Panicum 57 capillare 44, 57 agreste 58 occidentale 58 Crus-galli 57 sanguinale scoparium Scribnerianum Tennesseense virgatum 14, Papaver Argemone . 46, PAPAVERACEAE PAPAVERALES . . 57 58 58 58 58 126 126 126 126 Parasitic plants 43 PARASITICALES 43 Parasites 43 102 102 102 139 139 139 139 112 112 112 184 184 184 181 Parietaria obtusa 22, Pennsylvanica 22, 30, Parnassia fimbriata 33,37, PARNASSIACEAE Parnassus, grass of Paronychia Jamesii 15, pulvinata 41, Parsley Gray's hemlock PARSLEY FAMILY... Parsley-fern [50 rock Parsnip common cow water Parthenocissus vitacea Pasque flower American pink Pastinaca sativa 45, PEACH FAMILY Pear, prickly ,. Peraly everlasting false subalpine Pedicularia Grayi 32, 35, Parryi 40, procera racemosa 32, scopulorum 42, Pectianthia pentandra 33, 34, 37, Pellitory obtuse-leaved Pennsylvania Penny grass Colorado field 50 184 184 184 183 169 121 121 121 184 184 151 175 241 241 241 218 218 218 218 218 218 136 136 102 102 102 127 127 127 445] INDEX 297 References to the Flora are in brackets \ Nuttall's purplish Pennyroyal hispid Pentstemon alpinus 26,31, erosus glaber alpinus glaucus stenosepalus 42, gracilis 19,26, humilis 16, 19,26, oreophilus 26, 32, procerus riparius Rydbergii secundiflorus 16, 19, unilateralis 15, 19, Pepper grass divergent medium. . 127 127 207 207 211 212 212 212 212 [212 212 212 211 213 212 212 212 212 127 127 .127; Peramium [97 ophioides 25, [97 Peritoma 135; serrulatum 135 albiflorum 135; Persicaria 107 107 107: 107 107: 169 169 170 160 160 160 160 160 160 248 248 156 156 199 199 199 199 200 200 199 199 200 200 199 Phalaris.. / [59 emersa. 11, lapathifolia 11, Persjcaria 44, punctata 11, Pesedera quinquefolia vitacea 12,22, 169, Petalostemon gracilis oligophyllus oligophyllus 14, pubescens 14, purpureus 14, violaceus Petasites sagittata Phaca elegans flexuosa Phacelia glandulosa 36, heterophylla 19, leucophylla Neo-Mexicana alba sericea Phacelia glandular 36, New Mexican, white silky various-leaved arundinacea [59 11, [59 Pharbitis hispida purpurea 46, Phleum alpinum 33,35, pratense 44, Phlox depressa 26, longifolia multiflora depressa Phlox long-leaved low many-flowered Phragmites communis Phragmites 21, 22, Phyla cuneifolia 11, Physalis comata heterophylla 45, lanceojata 14, laevigata lobata longifolia rotundata 16, Virginiana 15, 45, Physaria didymocarpa 30, floribunda. 30, Physiography Picea Engelmannii. .24, 31, 36, 37, Parryana 25, 31, pungens PlCKERELL-WEED FAMILY Picradeniopsis oppositifolia Pigweed [108], common Powell's prostrate rough white winged Pin-clover PlNACEAE FINALES Pine 24, 31, bull 20,24,25, 31,43, Cembra lodgepole .. .30, 31,43, Rocky Mountain white . . 31, PINE FAMILY. . 1 53 53 53 53 88 244 244 111 108 111 111 111 112 110 163 53 53 53 52 53 53 53 53 298 INDEX [446 References to the Flora are in brackets 219 117 117 PlNGUICULACEAE Pink, Drummond's PINK FAMILY Pinus [53 contorta Murrayana. . . [53], [103 flexilis 53 Murrayana 24,25,31, 53 ponderosa scopulorum 53 scopulorum 20,24,25,31,[53], [103 Piperia 96 Unalaschensis 2, 25, 96 Piper's orchis 96 Alaskan 96 Pipsissewa [185 umbellate [185 Plains flora 9, 10 PLANTAGINACEAE 219 PLANTAGINALES 219 Plantago 219 lanceolata 45, 219 major 45, 219 Patagonicagnaphalioides.. . . 219 Purshii 16, 219 Plantain 219 common 219 English 219 mud [88 Pursh's [219 rattlesnake [97 PLANTAIN FAMILY. Pleurogyne fontana 34, rotata tenuifolia Pleurogyne, fountain Plum... 20, American wild.. . 219 192 192 192 192 151 151 151 28 American [151 pygmy wild.. . Poa alpicola 39, alpina 37,39, andina annua 44, caesia strictior callichroa cenisia compressa 44, confusa 15, 18, crocata 15,27,41, flexuosa interior 14, 18,35, juncifolia 15, 18, laxa leptocoma 35, 39, longiligula .27, longipedunculata .27, 32, 40, occidentalis Pattersonii 40, platyphylla 27,37, pratensis 14, 35, 44, pratericola pseudopratensis 14, 18, reflexa 32,35,39, rupestris rupicola 40, serotina triflora 11, 14, 18,28, trivialis 44, Vaseyana 33, 35, Wheeled.. . POACEAE POALES Poinsettia .................. [166 cuphosperma .............. [166 dentata ................ 14, [166 Poison camass ............... [88 falcate ................... Poison ivy .................. Rydberg's ................ Polanisia ................... trachysperma ............. POLEMONIACEAE ............. POLEMONIALES .............. Polemonium ................ Brandegeei ............. 42, confertum ................ mellitum ................ delicatum .............. 42, mellitum ................. molle ..................... pulcherrimum .............. robustum ............. 37, scopulinum ............... POLYGONACEAE .............. POLYGONALES ............... Polygonum ................. acre ...................... aviculare .............. 44, Bis tor ta oblongifolium ....... buxiforme ............. 16, confertiflorum .......... 33, consimile ................. Colvolvulus ................ Douglasii .............. 18, consimile ............... emersum .................. Engelmannii .............. erectum. . ............. 44, lapathifolium .............. Muhlenbergii ............. Persicaria ................. punctatum ............... ramosissimum. ........ [ [88 167 167 135 135 196 195 198 199 199 198 198 198 198 198 198; 42 104 104 106 107 106 108 106 106 107 108 107 107 107 106 106 107 107 107 107 106 447] INDEX 299 References to the Flora are in brackets \ ~\ Sawatchense 106 tenue microspermum 106 unifolium 106 viviparum 108 Watsonii 106 POLYPODIACEAE 49 Polypodium 49 hesperium 29, 49 vulgare [49 Polypody 49 western.. 49 Polypogon 63 Monspeliensis 63 Pomme blanche [160 Pond lily, yellow 34, [125 Pondweed 10, alpine fennel-leaved. long-leaved 55 leafy 56 spiral 56 various-leaved 56 PONDWEED FAMILY 55 PONTEDERIACEAE Poplar 98 balsam 98 Poppy [126 Mexican 13 prickly... [126 rough-fruited [126 POPPY FAMILY, [126 Populus acuminata 12, 22, angustifolia.12, 22, 24, 28, 37 aurea balsamifera. 37, deltoides occidentalis occidentalis Sargentii 12, 22,28, tremuloides 25, 32, 33, aurea Porcupine grass 13, greenish Lettermann's Nelson's Scribner's western Portulaca oleracea 45, retusa. .45, Potamogeton alpinus fluitans foliosus 10, heterophyllus 10, lonchites 10, pauciflorus 56 pectinatus 10, [56 rufescens [56 Spirillus 10, 56 Potentilla 142 arguta 144 concinna 32, 142 dissecta 42, 142 glaucophylla 142 diversifolia 142 effusa 18, 143 fissa 145 fruticosa 144 glaucophylla 142 Hippiana 14,25,35, 143 diffusa 143 humifusa 142 lateriflora 142 leucocarpa 142 minutifolia 143 Monspeliensis 142 Norvegica hirsuta 142 paradoxa 141 Pennsylvanicaarachnoidea. 143 strigosa 22, 143 propinqua 35, 143 pulcherrima 35, 143 Poverty-grass, bushy [60 long-awned [60 Prairie clover [160 slender white [160 violet 160 hairy , 160 Prairie flora 12" Prairie-grass [68] PRATENSES 17,18,24,27,31, 34 Prickly cereus., green-flowered. Prickly pear .... brittle Greene's many-sided. . . red-flowered... western Prickly poppy.. . hairy white Primrose . . evening Delavaux'... scapose tooth-leaved white narrow-leaved Parry's 39, rock PRIMROSE FAMILY.. . 174 174: 175: 175' 175: 175: 175 175: 126 126 126 187 178 179| 179 180 178 187 187 188 187 300 INDEX [448 References to the Flora are in brackets Primula. . . angustifolia 42, Parryi 37,39,42, PRIMULACEAE PRIMULALES . . Prunella vulgaris 11, 26, Prunus Americana 20, 22, Besseyi melanocarpa 23, 29, 30, 206 206 151 151 152 152 Pennsylvanica 22, 29, [152 prunella, Watsoni Pseudocymopterus. . . . montanus multifidus . multifidus sylvaticus.. . 151 152 185 185 185 185 tenuifolius 39 Pseudotsuga 24, 54 Douglasii 54 mucronata 25,31, 54 Psoralea [160 argophylla 14, 18, [160 tenuiflora 14, 15, 18, [160 Psoralea 13 Pteridium aquilinum pubescens. . . . 25, PTERIDOPHYTA Pterospora Andromedea 26, 43, Ptiloria pauciflora ramosa Ptiloria, branching few-flowered Puccinellia airoides 16, Puccoon hoary narrow-leaved short-flowered Pulsatilla hirsutissima 18, rosea Purple false foxglove Bessey's Purple ground cherry lobed Purshia tridentata Purshia three-toothed Purslane /1 14 common [114 retuse-leaved [114 PURSLANE FAMILY [113 50 50 49 185 185 255 255 255 255 255 73 73 203 203 203 203 121 121 121 215 215 209 209 147 147 147 Pussley Pyrola rotundifolia uliginosa secunda 26, uliginosa 26, uniflora PYROLACEAE Pyrrocoma crocea Pyrrocoma, yellow Buack grass, false uincula lobata 16, Rabbit-brush 13, fairest fasciculate handsome heavy-scented Parry's Radicula calycina 11, curvipes hispida 11, obtusa sinuata Radish garden Ragweed common entire-leaved great western RAGWEED FAMILY Rainfall RANALES RANUNCULACEAE Ranunculus abortivus 22,28, adoneus 41, affinis cardiophyllus micropetalus alpeophilus 39, cardiophyllus 33, Cymbalaria ellipticus eremogenes Flammula reptans inamoenus 33, 37, Macounii 11, micranthus micropetalus 33, 37, Nuttallii pedatifidus 33,39, reptans 28,37, [122] sceleratus eremogenes. . .11, [124] Raphanus [131] 449] INDEX 301 References to the Flora are in brackets f 1 sativus 46, 131] sharp-leaved [ 1341 Raspberry, dwarf 141] snow-loving. j 134] flowering 29, 141] Rock desert formation 38 40 savory 141] Rock primrose 40 188] red 141 diffuse 188] wild 141 pine forest 188] Ratibida 74? puberlent. 188] columnaris 15, 19, 747 subumbellate. 188] pulcherrirna ?4? Roripa Armofacia 130] Rattlesnake plantain [97 calycina. . . . 170] snake-mouth [97 curvipes 179] Razoumofskya 103 hispida 129] Americana 43, 103 Nasturtium 128] cryptopoda 43, 103 obtusa . 1?9] Red cedar, Rocky Mount'n 29, [54 sinuata. . . . 199] Red cherry, wild [57 Rosa 148] Red elephant. 39 aciculata 29 149 little. ?18] blanda aciculata 149 Red fir [54] Kngelmannii [148] 149 Red raspberry 141] Fendleri 29 149 wild 141] Macounii 28, 149 Red-top [64] Maximiliani. 29, 150 Reed 67] melina ... . 30, 149 bur 55] Nutkana 149 common. 67] pratincola 14 148 Reed-grass. 64] angustiarum 148 wood 63] setulosa 148 RHAMNALES 168j Sayi 20 22 14Q RHINANTHACEAE ?11] suffulta. 148 Rhodiola 136] Woodsii 149 integrifolia 136] ROSACEAE 140 Rhus. 167] ROSALES 136 cismontana .. 167 Rose 13 29 148 glabra cismontana 167] ashen 149 Rydbergii 167] Castle Rock.. 148 trilobata . 167] Kngelmann's .... 149 Ribes 139] Fendler's 149 aureum. 140] Macoun's 149 cereum . . 140j Maximilian's. 150 lacustre molle 139 prairie. 148 lentum 139] prickly 149 longiflorum 20, 22, 140] Say's 14Q parvulum 139 ROSE FAMILY 140 pumilum 20 22 30 140 Rose-root 136 Purpusi 28 30 130 entire-leaved 136 vallicola 139 Rubacer parviflorus. . 141 vulgare 46, 140 RUBIACEAE ??o Ribgrass 719 RUBIALES ?70 Rice cut-grass. [59 Rubus . 141 RIMOSAE .. .... 2^ l-i 7C ) Americanus . 141 RIPARIAE 1( ), V > deliciosus ... 141 Riparian flora 10 12 21 3f Nutkanus 141 Rock-cress 134 triflorus 28 141 divergently podded 13.5 Rudbeckia 747 Fendler's 134 flava. 19 26 ?4? ovate-leaved 134 laciniata 29 ?4? related.. 134 RUDERALES . . 44 302 INDEX [450 References to the Flora are in brackets f 1 Rulac Negundo 12, 22, Texanum 12, 22, Rumex Acetosella 44, Bakeri crispus 44, densiflorus obtusifolius 44. occidentalis 1 1, 11, 168 168 168 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 35 37 salicifolius RUPESTRES Rupestrine flora ....21,29, Rush 10,34,39,40, Arizona 89 Baltic, mountain . . . chestnut 90 confused 89 Drummond's 89 Dudley's 89 grass-leaved 89 inland 89 knotted 90 long-styled [89 Merten's 90 reddish brown 90 Rocky Mountain 90 scouring 52 spike 80 Torrey's 90 three-flowered 90 toad 89 wood 90 RUSH FAMILY 88 Rush-grass, filiform 62 prairie 61 Richardson's 61 simple 62 Ruta Baga [132 Rydbergia [245 grandiflora 42, [245^ Rydbergia 40 large-flowered [245 Rye, wild. Rye-grass, Italian. Sabina scopulorum 30, Sage.. 13, [207 Darrens Britton's cudweed diverse-leaved Forwood's lance-leaved rock Rocky Mountain Scouler's.. . . 247 247 247 247 246 207 247 247 246 sylvan white Sage-brush 5, 34, common. 246 110 246 246 Sagittaria [56 arifolia 11, [56 St. Johnswort 171 Canadian, larger 171 handsome 171 ST. JOHNSWORT FAMILY 171 SALICACEAE 98 SALICALES 98; Salix 99; amygdaloides 12, 99 arctica petraea [100 Bebbiana 28, [100 brachycarpa 33, [100^ caudata 28,37, [99: chlorophylla 39, [100 exigua 12, [99' Fendleriana [99: flavescens [100^ fluviatilis 24 glaucops 33, 39, [100 irrorata [99 lasiandra Fendleriana [99 lutea [99 luteosericea 12, [99 Nuttallii 24, [100 pentandra caudata [99 perrostrata 28, [99 petrophila 41, 100 pseudolapponicum 41, IOC rostrata 100 Saximontana 41, 101 Scouleriana 33, 36, 100 ^ Wolfii [99 Salmon-berry 29, 141 Nutka Sound 141 Salsify [255 Salsola Ill Tragus 45, [111 Salt-grass [69 Salt meadow-grass [73 slender [73 14, 111 207 Saltwort. Salvia lanceolata . Sambucus.. . . melanocarpa microbotrys 26, SANDAL WOOD FAMILY Sand-bur [59 Sand cherry, Bessey's [152 Sand lily [92 mountain [92 Sand wort [116 207 220 221 220 103 INDEX 303 References to the Flora are in brackets Fendler's 116 diffuse 116' glandular 116 obtuse-leaved 116 Tweedy 's 116 Sanicle 181 Maryland 181 Sanicula 181 Marilandica 21,23, 181 SANTALACEAE 103 SANTALES 103 SAPINDALES 167 Saponaria 118 officinalis 46, 118 Vaccaria 117 Saprophytes 43 Saprophytic plants 43 SAPROPHYTICALES 43 Sarsaparilla, wild [181 Savastana odorata. Savin Saxifraga arguta austromontana bronchiales chrysantha debilis 39, denudata flagellaris Hirculus nivalis punctata rhomboidea SAXIFRAGACEAE Saxifrage 39, arctic. . [60 [54; 137 138 138 138 138 137 138 138 138 137 138 137 136 137 138 austromontane 36 138 138 137 138 137 138 40 136 179 179 179 179 66 66 66 57 57 [167 flagellate golden rhomboid-leaved smooth weak western mountain yellow SAXIFRAGE FAMILY Scapose evening primrose hairy large-throated mountain Schedonnardus paniculatus Texanus Schizachyrium scoparium 15, Schmaltzia trilobata 20, [167 Scirpus [79 Americanus 11, atrovirens pallidus 10, lacustris 10, pungens Scouring rush, smooth Scrophularia nodosa occidentalis occidentalis 26, Scutellaria Brittonii 26, virgulata galericulata 11, resinosa virgulata Seablite erect low Sea kale Sedge.. 10,27,34,39,40, acutish awl-fruited beautiful Beck's black blackish bottle bracted bronze-scaled broom clustered . . common.. crag curved Dewey's Douglas' dry-spiked ebony erect fescue fox Geyer's golden hair hare's-foot, western Hood's.... meadow mountain-grace narrow-leaved obtusish Pennsylvania, western pretty Pyrenaic rhombic rock Sartwell's silvery soft-leaved. . , 79] 80 80 79 52: 211] 211, 211 205 205 205 205 205 205 111 111 111 111 81 84 81 84 86 84 85 82 84 82 82 84 85 83 81 82 83 82 84 83 81 85 85 86 82 81 83 85 83 85 86 s: 85 ;84 86 82 81 81 304 INDEX [452 References to the Flora are in brackets [ Steven's 83 stiff [84 straw 83 false 83 short-beaked [86 variable 85 western 81 winter-loving [84 woolly 86 SEDGE FAMILY [79 Sedum 136 rhodanthum 136 stenopetalum 22, 30, 42, 136 rubrolineatum 136 Seed plants 53 Selaginella 52 densa 52 Engelmannii 52 rupestris Fendleri 52 Underwoodii 30, 52 Selaginella 29 dense Underwood's SELAGINELLA FAMILY SELAGINELLACEAE Self-heal common Senecio 19,26,30, admirabilis 34, ambrosioides 32, atratus 37,42, aurellus aureus Balsamitae borealis croceus Hallii Balsamitae Bigelovii Hallii blitoides 40, carthamoides 40, chloranthus 35, Columbianus crassulus 42, crocatus 42, cymbalarioides 34, dimorphophyllus . . . .' Fendleri 19,26, lanatus fililfolius Fremontii flavovirens flavulus Harbourii heterodoxus Hookeri hydrophilus 29, lanatifolius 32, lapathifolium longipetiolatus 30, 52 52 52 52 206 206 249 250 252 251 252 252 252 252 252 249 249 249 249 250 250 252 252 252 251 252 253: 252: 252: 251] 252] 250] 250 252 250 252 lugens foliosus 251 Parryi 250 multicapitatus 16, 253 mutabilis 252 Nelsonii 19,26,30, 251 perplexus 29, 250 Plattensis 19, 251 pseudaureus 35, 40, 252 pudicus 32, 249 Purshianus 251 rapifolius 250 Riddellii 16, 253 rosulatus 251 salicinus 251 scopulinus 35, 249 spartioides 16, 253 triangularis 34, 37, 249 Setaria glauca [59 Italica [59 viridis. Shadbush alder-leaved mountain Sheepberry Sheep sorrel Shepherdia Canadensis Shepherd's purse common.. [59 150 150 150 221 105 175 128 128 Shield-fern [49 186 186 186 189 189 189 189 189 144 144 Shinleaf bog.. one-sided Shooting star 27, few-flowered many-flowered shade-loving wavy-leaved Sibbaldia procumbens 42, procumbent Sidalcea Candida 33, 35, 37, Sideranthus annuus 16, spinulosus 16, Silene acaulis 41, antirrhina 18, 45, depauperata noctiflora 45, SlLVERBERRY FAMILY Single delight Sisymbrium incisum officinale 45, Sisyrinchium [95 453] INDEX 305 References to the Flora are in brackets alpestre 35, angustifolium 14, 35, Sitanion brevifolium 15, longifolium 15, Skullcap Britton's hooded wand-like Skunk-bush Skunk-grass Small mistletoe American hidden footed Smartweed water SMILACEAE Smilacina amplexicaulis racemosa stellata Smilax lasioneuron Snakeroot, black button Sneezeweed mountain Snowberry western Snowflower 40, James's Snow-on-the-mountain Boulder Soap wort SOLANACEAE Solanum interius Lycopersicum nigrum villosum rostratum triflorum Solidago Canadensis 12, gilyocanescens concinna decumbens 32, 42, minuescens dilatata gilvocanescens 17, glaberrima 16, humilis nana Patter sonii Missouriensis extraria mollis nana 16, 95 95 78 78 78 205 205 205 205 20 [68 103 103 103 107 107 94 93 93 93 94 181 226 245 245 221 221 213 213 165 165 118 208 209 210 210 210 209 209 230 231 231 231 230 230 230 231 231 230 230 23f 232: 232; nemoralis incana [232] oreophila 26, 32, [230] pallida 19, [231] Pitched 12,29, [231] polyphylla ............. 29, pulcherrima ............... radulina ............... 26, rigida humilis ............. speciosa pallida. ........... trinervata ... .......... 26, viscidula ............... 26, Solomon's seal, false ...... 21, Sonchus .................... arvensis ...... . ........ 45, asper .................. 45, Sophia ..................... andrenarum ............... incisa .................... intermedia ............. 14, leptophylla ............... Sophora .................... sericea ................ 17, Sophora, silky ............... Sorbus ..................... scopulina .............. 25, Sorghastrum ................ nutans ................ 18, Sorrel, mountain ............. sheep .................... wood ..................... yellow .................. Sow thistle .................. field ...................... harsh .................... narrow-leaved [94 Spanish needles, western ...... [244 SPARGANIACEAE. Sparganium .' angustifolium 34, simplex angustifolium Spartina cynosuroides 11, Spatter dock, western [125 Spearmint [208 Special classes of plants 43 Speculiaria [223 leptocarpa [223 perfoliata 26, 223 Speedwell. 214 Byzantine 215 field 215 thyme-leaved 214 Wormskjold 214 Xalapa 214 SPERMATOPHYTA [53 Spiderwort [87 University [87 Spiesia Lamberti [159 Lamberti sericea [159 Spike-grass, marsh [69 INDEX [454 References to the Flora are in brackets Spike-rush flat-stemmed needle slender swamp pale SPINOSAE 18, Spiraea dumosa [147 Spleenwort [51 Andrews's [51 maiden-hair [51 SPONDIACEAE [167] Sporobolus 63. airoides 15, 63 asperifolius 15, 63 cryptandrus 15, 63 cuspidatus [61 depauperatus 61 heterolepis 15, 63 simplex 62 Spring beauty 114 large-rooted 114 rosy 114 water 114 Chamisso's 114 Spruce 24,31,38,39,40, 53 blue 53 Douglas 24,25, 53 Engelmann 36, 39, 53 Spurge 44, [164 Arkansas [165 Fendler's 164 mountain [165 nettle 164 ridge-seeded 164 rugulose-seeded 164 stout 165 thyme-leaved 164 toothed 166 warty 166 white-flowered 164 SPURGE FAMILY 163 Squawweed 34 Squirrel-tail grass [77 Stachys [206 scopulorum 11, [206 Stanleya 135 glauca 15, 135 Stanley's cress, glaucous [135 Star-flower [229 annual 229 spinulose 229 Star thistle 255 Starwort [115], 233 James's 115 Lake Baical 115 water 10, 166 State flower of Colorado.. . . 40, 119 Steironema 188 ciliatum 21,23, 188 Stellaria Jamesiana 115 longifolia 115 longipes 115 media 115 stricta 115 umbellata 115 Stephanomeria runcinata 255 Stickseed 200 cupulate 200 large-flowered 200 narrow-leaved 200 western 200 Sticktights 10 common [244" Stiff golden rod, hoary [232; Stink-grass 68 purple 68 Stipa [60 comata 15,18,27, 60; Lettermannii 61 Nelsonii 15,27, 60 parviflora Americana 60 Scribneri 27, 60 viridula 15,18,27, [60 Stitchwort, long-leaved 115 long-pedicelled 115 strict 115 Stone-crop 136 Storksbill 163 hemlock 163 Strawberry 143 American 143 bracted 143 glaucous 144 prolific 144 small-flowered 144 Streptopus [93 amplexifolius 28, [93 Stylo santhus laciniatus [238 Suaeda depressa [1 depressa erecta [Ill SUBALPESTRES 9, 36 Subalpine flora 9, 23, 36 Subalpine forest formation 36 Subalpine stream formation 36, 37 Subalpine summit flora 37 Subalpine zone 36 Subaquatic flora 10 SUBMONTANAE 9, 23 Sumach 167 cismontane 167 fragrant 167 three-lobed 167 Sunflower 13, 242 455] INDEX 307 References to the Flora are in brackets [ coarsely toothed common dwarf false, five-ribbed petioled red-streaked .... subrhomboid.. . . Utah Svida stolonifera 23, 29, 243 242 243 243 243 242 243 243 181 181 Swamp laurel, small leaved. . . Sweet ciceley 21 obtuse-fruited smooth Sweet clover white Sweet coltsfoot arrow-leaved Sweet flag 10, Swertia.,7 [192 congesta 192 palustris 34,40, 192 Swertia 192 dense-flowered.. 192 marsh 192 Switch grass, tall [58 SYLVALES 31, 36 SYLVESTRES 18, 20, 24 SYMPETALAE Symphoricarpos occidentalis 20, 26, oreophilus 32, vaccinioides.. . 185 221 221 221 221 Syntherisma [57 sanguinale 44, Synthyris alpina Synthyris, alpine Talinum parviflorum 30, Tansy mustard cut-leaved fine-leaved hoary western Taraxacum montanum officinale Taraxacum 45, Temperature and rainfall TETRAGONIACEAE Tetraneuris lanata lanigera 32,42, Teucrium occidentale 11, Thalesia.. .... 57 215 215 113 113 130 130] 130 130 130 258 258 258 258 8* 113; 245; 205 205 219: fasciculata 43, lutea Thalictrum Fendleri 28, purpurascens 22, Thelesperma gracile 16, Thelesperma, slender Thelypodium paniculatum sagittatum torulosum Thelypodium, panicled Thermopsis arenosa divaricarpa 22, 25, 32, pinetorum 25, 43, Thermopsis, divaricate-podded pineland sand Thistle 13, Colorado 219 219 125 125 125 244 244 244 135 135 135 135 135 152 153 153 152 153 152 153 253 254 253 254 253 254 254 253 254 111 259] 255] woolly-headed 40 255 225 127 127 127 127 127 210 210 225 crag erose-bracted. gray knapweed.. . . large-headed, Parry's Platte Russian. . sow. star. yellow-spined . . THISTLE FAMILY Thlaspi arvense 45 Coloradense 28,39 Nuttallii 21,41 purpurascens 41 Thorn-apple purple Thorough wort Three square [79 THYMELIALES [175 Timothy [62 common [62 false... f [62 mountain [62 108 108 165 165 165 165 165 165 Tiniaria Convolvulus 44, Tithymalus Arkansanus 16, marginatus tetramerus philorus 19, dichotoma.. INDEX [456 References to the Flora are in brackets f 1 robustus Tium alpinum 25, 34, 35, Drummondii 18, Toad-flax bastard Canada Tobacco ^ night-blooming Tomato common Tonestus pygmaeus 42, Touterea decapetala multiflora nuda sinuata speciosa Townsendia.., exscapa. 16, grandiflora 19, Townsendia, large-flowered . . . 165 156 156 156 211 103 211 210 210 210 210 230 230 174 173 173 173 173 232 233 232 233 232 silky 233 Toxicodendron 167 Rydbergii 20, 167 Toxicoscordion 88 falcatum 25, 81 gramineum 81 Tradescantia 87 occidentalis : 87 scopulorum 87 Universitatis 18, 87 Tragia 164 ramosa 164 Tragopogpn 255 porrifolius 45, 255 porrifolius X pratensis 255 pratensis 45, 255 Treacle mustard 130 Tridophyllum 141 lateriflorum 142 leucocarpum 142 Monspeliense 45, 142 paradoxum 141 Trifolium 154 dasyphyllum 42, 154 hybridum 44, 154 lividum 42, 154 pratense 44, 154 repens 44, 154 Triple-awned grass 60 Trisetum 65 majus 39, 65 montanum 33, 65 spicatum 65 subspicatum 31, 32, 41 majus molle Triticum sativum vulgare vulgar e 46, Trollius albiflorus 37,39, laxus albiflorus Troximon cuspidatum glaucum parviflorum Troximon, cuspidate Tumble weed . . 65| 65 77 77 77 118 118 118 157 258 258 257 112 Tundra, wet alpine.. . 37, 38, 39, 40 TUNDRALES 38 Turkey-foot grass 13, 57 Twayblade 27, 96 kidney-leaved 96 northern 96 Twin-flower [221 American [221 Twisted-stalk 27, clasping-leaved Typha latifolia 10, TYPHACEAE. . Uliginose society 10 ULMACEAE. Ulmus Americana UMBELLALES Umbrella-wort diffuse , hairy heart-leaved lance-leaved narrow-leaved UMBRELLA-WORT FAMILY Upper Sonoran vegetation. . . . Upper Transition vegetation. . . Urtica gracilis 12, URTICACEAE URTICALES Urticularia vulgaris Uva-ursi procumbens Vaccaria Vaccaria 45, vulgaris Vaccinium caespitosum erythrococcum Myrtillus microphyllum oreophilum scoparium 42, 117 117 117 187 187 187 187 187 187 4571 INDEX 309 References to the Flora are in brackets VACCINIACEAE [187 Vagnera 93 amplexicaulis 25, 93 racemosa 25, 93 stellata 22,28, 93 Valerian [223 edible [223 Greek [198 VALERIAN FAMILY [223 Valeriana 223 ceratophylla 35, 223 edulis [223 VALERIANACEAE [223 VALERIANALES [223 VALLICOLAE 18, 21, 24, 27 Venus's looking-glass 223 common 223 western [223 Verbascum 221 Blattaria 45, [211 Thapsus 45, 211 Verbena 204 ambrosifolia 14, [204 Aubletia 205 bracteosa 14, 204 albiflora 204 Canadensis 205 hastata 11, [204 Verbena, common wild [205 VERBENACEAE [204 Verbesina 243 encelioides exauriculata[24:3], 244 exauriculata 243 Veronica 214 agrestis 215 Americana 21, 23, 29, 214 Buxbaumii 215 Byzantina 45, 215 peregrina 214 serpyllifolia 45, 214 Wormskjoldii 34, 40, 214 Xalapensis 214 Vervain 204 blue 204 large-bracted 204 white-flowered 204 ragweed-leaved.. 204 VERVAIN FAMILY 204 Vetch 21, 161 milk 34, 155 mountain 161 narrow-leaved 161 remote-leaved 161 small-flowered 161 Vetchling 21, 161 white-flowered 161 Viburnum 221 Lentago ..23, 221 pauciflorum 221 Vicia 161 dissitifolia 21, 161 linearis 161 oregana 21,22, 161 producta 21,22, 161 sparsifolia 21, 161 Vilfa depauperata filiformis... [62 Richardsoni [61 Viola. bellidifolia biflora Canadensis- Neo-Mexicanus 39, Rydbergii 23, cognata Neo-Mexicana Nuttallii pallens 33, palustris 33, physalodes Rydbergii vallicola 25, VIOLACEAE Violet blue, western daisy-leaved marsh New Mexico. nodding Nuttall's.. pale Rydberg's two-flowered valley western blue VIOLET FAMILY Viorna eriophora Jonesii Virginia creeper vinelike Virgin's bower western VlTACEAE Vitis Arizonica. Boulderensis palmata riparia vulpina 12, 22, Volvulus interior Wallflower, Cockerell's oblanceolate-leaved 171 172 172 171 171 172 172 172 172 171 121 122 121 169 169 121 121 169 169 169 169 169 169 169 195 195 131 131 3io INDEX References to the Flora are in brackets \ snow western Washingtonia longistylis obtusa Water cress Water crowfoot white 34, flaccid-leaved Water dropwort Fendler's Water hemlock Water hoarhound American western Waterleaf 21, Fendler's WATER-LILY FAMILY Water milfoil 10, spiked Water parsnip cut-leaved. . 131 130 182 182 128 122 122 122 183 183 182 208 208 208 199 199 125 181 181 183 183^ Water pepper 10 Water-plantain 56" common 56 WATER-PLANTAIN FAMILY 56 Water spring beauty 114 Chamisso's 114 Water starwort 10, 166 autumnal 166 marsh 166 WATER STARWORT FAMILY. . . . 166 Wax-currant 20, 29 small [140] Weeds 44 170 170 173 173 173 173 173 174 173 77 76 76 76 76 77 76 76 77 76 76 77 Western mallow white Western star many-flowered naked showy strict ten-petalled wavy-leaved Wheat Wheat grass Arizona mountain Richardson's riparian Scribner's slender soft Vasey's violet western White evening primrose [178 cut-leaved [179 Nuttall's 179 rhizomatous 179 white-stemmed 178 White sage 110 woolly 110 Whitlow-grass 132 artic, white 133 Baker's 133 Colorado 132 hoary 133 thick-leaved 132 twisted-podded 133 white arctic 133 wood 132 Whitlowwort 112 decumbent 133 golden 133 James's 112 pulvinate 112 yellowish 133 Wild brier 21 Wild cherry 20,21, 28 black-fruited western [152 Wild oat-grass [66 California [66 common 66 intermediate [66 Wild liquorice [159 159 92 91 91 92 92 scaly. Wild onion, Eraser's Geyer's Nuttall's Pike's Peak recurved Wild plum 20, 28 American [151 Wild rye, Canadian 78 Macoun's 78 slender 78 stout 78 Wildsarsaparilla [181 common [181 Willow 12,21,27,38, [99 Bebb's [100 bloom-branched [99 dwarf [100 false Lapland [100 Fendler's [99 100 100 100 99 99 glaucous Cjen-leaf pland, false long-beaked.. . narrow-leaf. . . Nuttall's [100 peach [99; rock-loving [100 Rocky Mountain [101: 459] INDEX References to the Flora are in brackets sandbar, silky QQj biennial. 247] Wolf's Q9 Wyethia 242 yellow QQ amplexicaulis 242] WILLOW FAMILY 98 Wyethia clasping-leaved -719] Willow-herb 177 Wyomingia 239] 177 cana 16 239 great 176 Xanthium 9?S 177 commune 12 45 225 panicled 177 Xanthoxalis. . 163] glandular 178 stricta 25 1631 pimpernel 177 Ximcncsia cxauviculdta 244] reddish 177 Xylophacos 157] western 177 Parryi.. . 30 157] WILLOW-HERB FAMILY 176 Shortianus. . 15 1S7] Winter cress 131 XYRIDALES [87 American 131 Yarrow ?46 ^^intergreen 186 woolly 216 bos' 186 Yellow cress 129 creeping 186 spreading. 1?q one-flowered 186 warty-podded 1?Q one-sided [ 186 Yellow mountain avens . . 146 WlNTERGREEN FAMILY.. j 18S Arapahoe 146 ^^itch grass S7 Yellow pond lily 24 1?S Wood reed-grass. . 63 many-^e palled 1?S slender 63 Yellow wood sorrel . 163 Wood rush 90 upright. 163 dense-cymed 91 Yucca. . ... 94 small-flowered 90 angustifolia, 94 spiked 91 glauca 15, 18, 20, 94 ^Vood sorrel. 16S Yucca 12 13 19 yellow 163 Yucca mesa formation.... 18 19 upright. . . ... 163j Zanichellia. S6] WOOD SORREL FAMILY 163j palustris. 10, S6] Wooded mesa formation 18 Zanichellia, marsh S6] ^Voodsia [SO] ZANICHELLIACEAE SS] Oregana 29 [SO] Zones of vegetation . . 8 scopulina 29 [SO] alpine summits. 9 ^Voodsia cliff [SO] foothills and mountain pla- mountain. . . . SO] 9 Wool-joint 18, [ 104] lower mountain slopes 9 Baker's 104] mesas 9 effuse 104] plains 9 subalpine 104] subalpine mountain slopes.... 9 umbellate 104] 88] winged 104] 88] yellow 104] 88] Wormwood . . 2461 showv. . . 88] THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY