LIBRARY

OF THE

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA,

RECEIVED BY EXCHANGE

BIOLOGY

LIBRARY

G

FLORA

or THE

BRISTOL COAL-FIELD.

EDITED (FOR THE BRISTOL NATURALISTS' SOCIETY) BY

JAMES WALTEK WHITE,
Hon. Secretary of the Botanical Section.

'' ' Rerutn co^noscere causa s. ' ' — V 1 RG I L .

PAET I.

THALAMIFLOE.E.
W

BRISTOL:
JAMES FAWN & SON.

PRINTED BY E. AUSTIN & SON, CHRONICLE OFIICE, CLIFTON.
MDCCOLXXXI.

TH£ ^

UNIVERSITY

of

en

\A/5

BIOLOGY

LIBRARY

G

EXPLANATOEY NOTE.

IN introducing to the reader the first instalment of the
new local Flora which has been undertaken by the Bristol
Naturalists' Society, a few words from the President may serve
to explain both the origin of the work and the method in which
it is proposed to carry it out.

The want of a published Flora embracing the whole of the
district known as the Bristol Coal-field, with its wide diversity
of hill and dale, wood, river, and rnarsh, and its great variety
of geological formation, has been long felt by the local botanist ;
and our Society had not been many years in existence before
this want found expression in a series of resolutions, which
were submitted by Mr. Leipner, the Honorary Secretary, and
which pledged the members to undertake the registration of all
objects of natural history found within a specified area, with a
view to publication. These resolutions were adopted by the Society
so long ago as the year 1864, but, although considerable progress
has been made in other departments of natural history, it was
not until about two years since that any systematic attempt was
made to collect materials for a Phanerogamic Flora. In the
spring of 1879 a programme of weekly excursions was organised
by the Botanical Section of the Society, with the definite object of
acquiring such a knowledge of the Botany of the district as
might justify the publication of a Flora. These excursions have
been continued in each succeeding year, and have been useful in
keeping up a general interest in the work ; although, necessarily,
the chief labour has fallen upon a very few individuals. To the
Honorary Secretary of the Botanical Section, who edits the
publication, the Society is especially indebted.

The area chosen by the Society for the botanical, as for the
other fields of research and registration, is that adopted by the

187622

IV. EXPLANATORY NOTE.

late Mr. William Sanders in his geological " Map of the Bristol
Coal-fields and country adjacent." It extends to different
distances in different directions. In a northerly and north-
easterly direction it includes Berkeley, Dursley, and Wotton-
under-Edge ; south-eastward, it takes in Bath ; southward,
Shepton Mallet and Wells ; while in a south-westerly direction
it reaches as far as Huntspill, which is twenty-four miles
distant from Bristol. Altogether, it comprises (roughly) about
700 square miles.

A work embracing so large an area, and the preparation of
which has extended over so short a time, must necessarily be
incomplete, especially in its earlier portions. It is believed,
however, that it will be found to be accurate.

It is intended that a portion of the work shall be published
with each annual Part of the Proceedings of the Society
until it is complete. The instalment now presented contains
Thalamiflorals ; the second will contain Calyciflorals ; the third,
Corolliflorals ; the fourth, Apetalous Plants : and the fifth and
last, Endogens, Gymnosperms, and Vascular Cryptogams.

The arrangement and nomenclature used are almost entirely
those adopted by Professor Babington in the seventh edition of
his "Manual of British Botany."

Although bound up with the Proceedings, the Flora will be
paged independently, with a view to the ultimate collection of
the several parts into a single volume.

The help of botanists residing within the district is solicited,
that the work may be as complete as possible. Information of
omissions in any published part will be gladly received by the
Editor, and will be recorded in a supplementary list.

Certain abbreviations used in the Flora require explanation.
The capital letters G. and S. indicate the counties of Gloucester
and Somerset respectively. The Koman numerals denote the
months in which the plants have been found in flower.

JUNE, 1881.

INTRODUCTION.

SEVEN" years have elapsed since the Botanical Section
resolved to commence the compilation of a local Flora.
At that time our knowledge of the plants of the district was
very imperfect ; but in view of the fact that the publication
could only be issued by annual instalments spread over a
lengthened period, it was not considered wise to defer the
beginning, lest perchance the end might never be attained.
Thus, under many adverse conditions, the work was under-
taken and carried through ; gathering, as it advanced year
by year, increased solidity and completeness, in proportion to
the growing extent and accuracy of our own information.

Knowing this, the reader will need no explanation of what
is plainly perceptible ; namely, that the later portions of the
" Flora " are distinctly superior to the earlier ones, both in
knowledge of the occurrence of individual species, and in
fulness of detail concerning their distribution.

" Additions " to parts previously published preface each
of the last four numbers, and show how rapid has been our
progress towards an exact acquaintance with Bristol botany.
The sum of the species given in regular sequence is 986.
Besides these, seventeen are recorded in the additions, mak-
ing in all the large total of 1,003 species treated as inhabi-
tants of the Bristol Coal-field. It may eventually be found
that two or three of these have been included on insufficient

11 INTRODUCTION.

grounds. On the other hand, in a district so extensive, and,
in some portions, so imperfectly explored, we may anticipate
that a few plants still remain to be discovered, as well as
many additional facts to be recorded regarding the distribu-
tion of those already met with.

Our meagre botanical literature has been made use of to
its full extent, as follows : two or three local references
in the works of Hudson and Ray ; a few pamphlets and
manuscripts; some notices of Bristol plants, published chiefly
in the Phytologist; and Swete's "Flora Bristoliensis," issued
in; 1854. Of the MS., a catalogue of Somersetshire plants
by W. Sole, in the possession of Mr. T. B. Flower, is the
most important. The notices in periodicals were mostly
written by Mr. Flower, whose acquaintance with Bristol
botany covers a period of half a century. He supplied a
very large number of the localities given in Swete's "Flora,"
and to him we also are much indebted for many interesting
and valuable communications. Withering's "Arrangement"
contains many references to the vicinity of Bristol, but they
are little to be relied on, and we have not thought it advis-
able to quote them, unless when confirmed by recent obser-
vation.

The Herbarium of the late Miss Powell, which is housed
in the Bristol Museum, and that of the late Dr. Stephens,
now the property of our Society, are excellent collections of
local plants, made by trustworthy botanists. In them we
have found specimens of great value, often corroborating
book records which, in the absence of confirmation, might
have been deemed unreliable and worthless ; and in some
instances furnishing examples of plants that cannot now be
found, and may since have become extinct. These collections
also possess the additional interest that they supplied a con-
siderable proportion of the localities mentioned by Swete,

INTRODUCTION. Ill

who, as his pages show, relied almost entirely upon the
three botanists we have named. It is only to be regretted
that many of Dr. Stephens' specimens lack essential par-
ticulars of date or place of collection, without which such
witnesses can render little service.

The Rev. R. P. Murray has very liberally furnished us
with notes taken from his researches among the plants of
Somersetshire; and we are very grateful to several other
naturalists outside our ranks who have cheerfully contri-
buted their labour.

Our chief aim in the construction of this " Flora," un-
doubtedly has been to use such care and precision as should
engender confidence in its accuracy on the part of those
who may have ocbasion to consult it. It is accordingly the
Editor's intention to at once begin revising the earlier Parts,
with a view to the preparation of a second edition. To that
end we now venture to address a request to the friends who
have already favoured us, as well as to our own members,
that they will aid in making the work as complete and
accurate as possible. The correction of any errors which
may exist, the confirmation of stations resting on old or
doubtful authority, and additional plants or stations from
any part of the district, will all be very gladly received,
especially when accompanied by specimens. Supported by
such aid, we may not unreasonably expect to lay before the
Society in our next effort a thoroughly worthy account of
the botanical wealth of Bristol.

June, 1886.

PHANEEO G AMIA

Class 1. DICOTYLEDONES.
Div. 1. THALAMIFLORjK.

RANUNCULACE^E.
CLEMATIS, L.

1. C. Vitalba, L. Old Man's Beard, Traveller's Joy, " be-

cause of its decking and adorning the ways and hedges
where people travel," Gerarde, p. 886.
Native ; frequent throughout the district, though mostly on
calcareous soil. It appears to prefer submaritime
situations. VII. — IX.

THALICTRUM, L.

2. T. minus, L. (3. (T. montanum, Wallr.)

Native ; on limestone rocks, very local. Grows plentifully
on the Cheddar Cliffs. It occurs also in the vicinity of
Chfton, where we believe it to be native. Here, how-
ever, it shows no inclination to spread and become
plentiful, a few plants only having been observed at any-
time. It was first recorded in the Bristol habitat by
Sole about 1 7 86, and has been gathered there by Mr.
T. B. Flower, who possesses Sole's manuscript contain-
ing his record. Mr. G. H. K. Thwaites also found it
many years ago. as did Mr. C. B. Dunn in 1875. Two
plants were known to exist in 1880. VI. — VII.

6 RANUNCTTLACE.E.

3. T. minus, L. 7. (T. flexuosum, Bernh.)

Native ; at Cheddar, where it has undoubtedly been found.
This view is in accordance with that of Dr. Boswell-
Syme expressed in E. B., ed. 3, This is one of the
many segregates into which the Linnaean minus has
been divided. Their history and recognition form one
of the most difficult studies afforded by our Flora to the
critical botanist.

(T. saxatile, Schleich., has been reported from Cheddar, but
probably in error, as is now thought by Professor
Babington.)

4. T. flavum, L. Common Meadow-Hue.

Native ; in wet places, not common.

G. Baptist Mills. Stapleton.

S. In plenty by the Avon, opposite Cook's Folly. Long
Ashton, Yatton, and the marshes in the Cheddar
Valley. VII. VIII.

ANEMONE, L.

5. A. nemorosa, L. Wood Anemone.

Native ; in woods and thickets ; common, but much more
abundant in some localities than in others. III. — V.

ADONIS, Z.

6. A. autumnalis, L. Pheasants' Eye.

Alien or colonist ; as a weed on cultivated land. Is only

of casual occurrence, not being permanently established

in this district.
G. Near the old quarry (now filled up), Durdham Down,

July, 1855. Specimen in the Stephens' Herbarium

from Baptist Mills, no date.
S. \Vookey, " one plant yearly for some time," Miss

Livett. VII.

RANUNCULACE,£. 7-

RANUNCULUS, L.

7. R. tricophyllus, Ckaix..

Native ; in ponds and ditches, frequent. The rare form
with floating leaves grows in a pond by the roadside
near dial-field, G. V. VI.

8. R. Drouetii, F. Sckultz.

Native ; in marsh ditches, rare.

G. Sea Mills.

S. Between Portbury and Weston-in-Gordano. V. VI.

9. R. heterophyllus, Fries.

Native ; in ponds and streams, rare.
G. Chipping Sodbury. Shirehampton. New Passage.

V. VI.

10. R. Baudotii, Godr.

Native; in ponds and ditches of brackish water near the

estuaries, frequent. V. — VIII.

£. (R. confusus, Godr.) Differs so slightly from E.

Baudotii that it cannot be separated from it except by

the length of the stamens.
G. Shirehampton marshes, and ditches east of New

Passage. V.— VIH.

11. R. peltatus, Fries.

Native ; rare and local. The typical plant (a. vulgaris,
Symes E. B.) growrs in a pool near Yate Station, G.

V.— IX.

12. R. floribundus, Bab.

Native ; more general than the last.

G. Near Chipping Sodbury, Shirehampton, Westbury.

S. Portbury. V.— IX.

13. R. penicellatus, Hum.

A plant which grows in running water, and is abundant in
the stream at Cheddar, S., near the mills, must be

8 RANUNCULACEjE.

placed here. Floating leaves are absent, and those
submersed are long with flaccid segments. It is pro-
bably R. pseudofluitans, Hiern., which may be identical
with R. peHatus, c. penicellatus of the Lon. Cat., ed. 1.
Another plant with still longer leaf segments is no doubt
d. elongatus of the same Catalogue. It grows in the
river Avon. True R. fluitans is not found in the
district. V.— VIII.

14. R. circinatus, SibtJt.

Native; in marsh ditches, locally common.

G. Shirehampton. Stapleton.

S. Very plentiful in the " rhines " throughout the marsh-
lands, extending from Yatton and Weston-super-Mare to
Draycot, High bridge, and Wells. VII.— IX.

15. R. Lenormandi, Skuitz.

Native ; in shallow pools or on mud, rare.

G. Bitton. Shirehampton. VI.— VIII.

16. R. hederaceus, L.

Native ; in like situations to those of the last species, but
more common.

G. Bitton. Hook's Mills. Mangotsfield, near the rail-
way station. Stapleton. Stoke Bishop, extremely local.

S. Ashton Park. Between Abbot's Leigh and Portbury.

VI.— IX.

17. R. sceleratus, L.

Native ; by and in ditches and ponds, not uncommon.
G. Berkeley. Charfield. Hook's Mills. Lawrence-

Weston. New Passage. Shirehampton. Thombury.
S. Draycot. Kewstoke. Long Ashton. Portbury.

Yatton. Wookey. VI. — IX..

18. R. Flammula, L. Lesser Spearwort.

Native ; in swampy places, frequent. It varies greatly in
size, habit, and shape of the leaves.

BANUNCULACE^. 9

G. Berwick Wood. Filton Meads. Mangotsfield.

Stapleton. Yate.
S. Abbot's Leigh. Ashton. Bedininster. Clevedon.

Failaud. Horrington. Yatton. VI.— VIII.

19. R. Lingua, L.

Native ; rare and local.

S. In some spots on the moors, as near Clevedon, Walton-
iii-Gordano, and Yatton. VI. — VII.

20. R. Ficaria, L. Lesser Celandine ; Pilewort.

Native ; very common.

In the herbarium of the Bristol Naturalists' Society there
are specimens of an abnormal form of this species,
possessing 13 to 18 petals, and 5 sepals. These were
gathered at Shirehampton in March, 1868, by the Rev.
W. W. Spicer. IV.— V.

21. R. auricomus, L.

Native ; in woods and shady places, generally distributed.

IV. V.

22. R. aClis, L. Meadow Crowfoot ; Buttercup.

Native ; in meadows and pastures, very common.

The variation, a. Steveni, grows on the sand hills at
Weston-super-Mare, and probably elsewhere in the
district. VI. VII.

23. R. repens, L. Creeping Crowfoot.

Native ; in moist places, common.

The primary stem in this species, especially in damp
situations, is much more robust, and produces much
larger flowers than the flowering shoots thrown up by
the runners towards autumn. V.— VIII.

24. R. bulboSUS, L. Bulbous Crowfoot ; Buttercup.

Native ; in pastures, &c., common.

A flower of this Buttercup has been observed in which
the gynseceum was entirely absent. V..

10 BANUNCULACEJE.

25. R. hirsutus, Curt.

Native ; on cultivated land, rare.

G. Lawrence- Weston. Stapleton.

S. Weston-super-Mare.

(E. parvulus, L., is a small few-flowered form.) VI. — X.

26. R. parviflorus, L.

Native ; in dry places, rare.

G. Baptist Mills. Henbury. Kiugsweston. Lawrence-

Weston.
S. Bedminster Down, near the three plantations. V. VI.

27. R. arvensis, L.

Colonist, though apparently native ; only on cultivated
land, not very common, but very generally distributed.

VI.
CALTHA, L.

28. C. palustris, L. Marsh Marigold.

Native ; in marshes and on ditch banks, common.
/J. (C. Guerangerii, Bor.)

Rare ; at Stapleton, G., and Wells, S., whence a good
specimen was forwarded by Miss Livett, in April, 1880.

m.— v.

HELLEBORUS, L.

29. H. vilidis, L. Green Hellebore.

Native, or denizen ; in stony thickets, and old orchards in
many places.

G. The cherry orchard near Westbury. Heubury Combe.

S. The Roman intrenchment in Leigh Wood. In a
stony field at Failand. Bourton. Sandford. Wellesley,
near Wells. III. IV.

30. H. foetidus, L. Stinking Hellebore.

Native ; in woods, rather rare.
G. Stapleton Wood.

BERBERIDACE.E. 11

S. Brockley Combe. Cleeve Combe. Goblin Glen.
Churchill. Near Ham Green. Kingswood, near
Yatton. Frequent about Bath. III. IV.

AQUILEGIA, Z.

31. A. VUlgaris, L. Columbine.

Native ; in woods and on bushy hills, preferring the lime-
stone ; frequent.

G. Durdharn Down, in plenty. Westridge Wood, near
Wotton-under-Edge.

S. Gurney Slade. King's Wood, near Yatton. Leigh
Wood, opposite the Black Rock. Long Ashton, intro-
duced on the G. W. Railway embankment. Portbury.
Weston-in-Gordano. V. VI.

ACONITUM, L.

32. A. Napellus, L. Monkshood.

Alien ; on river banks and in damp hedges, very rare.

S. A few plants by water in the corner of a copse near
Failand Farm, these seemed to have escaped from
garden refuse -which had been cast near by. On the
bank of a stream near Wells, apparently native, Miss
Livett. Lane in Bourton leading to the Combe, Miss
Winter. VI. VII.

DELPHINIUM, L.

33. D. Ajatis, Gay. Larkspur.

Alien or colonist. In a sandy field near Kewstoke, S.
T. F. Perkins ! The only record. VI. VII.

BERBERIDACE.E,

BERBERIS, L.
34. B. VUlgaris, L. Barberry.

Native, or denizen ; in hedges and thickets. Usually it

has been planted where found in this district.
S. Long Ashton. Castle Hill, Clevedon. V. VI.

12 NYMPHJEACE^E.

(Epimedium alpinum,, L., was found in Leigh Wood many
years ago by Dr. Rogers and Dr. Stephens. It was
probably an escape, and there is now no sufficient
reason for regarding the plant as a Bristol species.)

NYMPH^ACE^E.
NYMPHXEA, L.

35. N. alba, L. White Water-Lily.

Native ; in rivers and ponds, frequent.
G. Pool near the railway at Dursley. Henbury. Red-
land. Shirehampton.

S. Pools near Highbridge. Tickenham Moor. VII.

NUPHAR, Sm.

36. N. lutea, Sm. Yellow Water-Lily .

Native ; in rivers, ponds, and boggy ditches, frequent.
G. In the river Avon near Hanham. Henbury. In the
river Frome near Stapleton. VII.

PAPAVERACE^E.
PAPAVER, L.

37. P. Argemone, L.

Colonist ; in cornfields, very rare.

G. Cornfields near Fishponds. VI. VII.

38. P. hybridum, L.

Colonist ; in cornfields, very rare.

S. Cornfields at Burnhara, Mr. T. B. Flower. VI. VIL

39. P. Rhseas, L. Red Poppy.

Colonist ; on and about cultivated land, very common.

VI. VIL

40. P. dubium, L.

Colonist ; in waste and stony fields, and dry places,
frequent. We have failed to distinguish P. Lecoqii,
Lamotte.

PAPAVERACE^S. 18

G. Ashley. Near Combe Glen. Mangotsfield. Stapleton.

S. Clevedon. Dundry. Easton. Kuowle. South

Stoke. Twerton. Uphill. Very abundant about

Weston-super-Mare during the summer of 1880, being

then more common than P. Rhaas. VI. VII.

MECONOPSIS, Vig.

41. M. cambrica, Vig. Welsh Poppy.

Native ; on the Cheddar Cliffs, S. Now scarce. VI.

GLAUCIUM, Tourn.

42. G. luteum, Scop. Horned Poppy.

Native ; on the sandy shores of the Bristol Channel, from
New Passage, G., to Burnham, S., but nowhere abundant.

vi.— vni.

CHELIDONIUM, Z.

43. C. majllS, L. Common Celandine.

Denizen ; on garden walls, and about farm buildings,
rather common. Remarkably luxuriant plants have
been observed by a cow yard at Kingsweston, G. It
seems as if this plant cannot exist without a good
supply of nitrogenous food. Always flourishing where
there is house refuse or drainage from farm or cottage,
it is most rarely or never to be seen in the open
country. V.— VIII.

FUM ARIACE^l.

CORYDALIS, Cand.

(C. solida, Hook, is reported from near Wells, S., by Miss
Livett. As an alien, not even naturalized in any part
of the country, it must be excluded from our list.)
44. C. lutea, DC. Yellow Fumitory.

Alien ; naturalized on walls, and about old gardens,
frequent.

14 FUMARIACEJE.

G. Filton. Henbury. Redland.

S. Brislington. Clevedon. Kewstoke. Long Ashton.
Loxton. Miltou. Norton. South Brent. Old walls
under Dolbery Camp. Common on walls at Wells.
Weston-in-Gordano. V. — VIIL

45. C. claviculata, DC.

Native ; very rare,

S. St. Stephen's Hill, near Temple Cloud. Mr. T. B.
Flower. VI. VII.

FUMARIA, L.

46. F. confusa, Jord.

Colonist ; on cultivated land, rare.

G. Cornfields near Fishponds.

S. Wells. VI.— IX.

47. F. officinalis, L.

Colonist ; on arable land, and as a garden weed, common.

VI.— IX.

CRUCIFER.E.
CHEIRANTHUS, L.

48. C. Cheili, L. Wallflower.

Alien, or denizen ; on walls and rocks, rather common.

In great abundance on St. Vincent's Rocks, which are never
so attractive as when in the early summer they teem
with the fragrance of this beautiful Crucifer. V.

NASTURTIUM, R. Sr.

49. N. Offitinale, R. Br. Water Cress.

Native ; in ditches and running water. Very common,
and very variable in size and appearance. VI. VII.

50. N. sylvestre, R. Br.

Native ; on a river bank, very rare.

G. Bank of the Avon at Crew's Hole. VI. VIIL

CRUCIFEIUE. 15

51. N. palustre, DC. N. terrestre, Sm.

Native ; on river banks, and in wet places, very rare.
G. Frome Glen, near Stapleton.

S. On a peaty moor north of Shapwick. VII. — IX.

BARBAREA, £. Br.

52. B. vulgaris, R. Br.

Native ; in damp places, common.

A plant differing widely from the type was gathered in
the marsh by Stapleton Bridge, June, 1880. Its upper-
most leaves were pinnatifid, with a toothed terminal
lobe, pedicels and pods long, the latter spreading erect
patent. V. — VIL

53. B. praecox, R. Br.

Colonist ; in dry and rocky places, frequent.
G. Conham. Montpelier. St. Vincent's Rocks. Stapleton.
S. Brislington. South Stoke. Clevedon. V. VI.

ARABIS, L.

54. A. hirsuta, R. Br.

Native. Frequent on the limestone about Clifton', and on
old walls in many places. VI. VII.

55. A. stricta, Huds.

Native ; on the limestone on both sides of the Avon at
Clifton, and at Penpole Point. The only British habitat.
This great rarity is to be found in many spots within its
limited area, mostly upon the living rock, but sometimes
amid debris from the quarries, and in turf. Unfortu-
nately its situations are nearly always easy of access,
and we are not aware that the plant has ever shewn a
preference for the precipitous portions of the cliffs.
Exposed as it is, therefore, to the ravages of plant
collectors and thoughtless strangers, it behoves every
botanist to do all that in him lies to guard it from
destruction. IV. V.

16 CRUCIFERjE.

There is an interesting remark in " The British Herbal,"
by John Hill, M.D., pub. 1756. The author, when
writing of the " Daisy-leaved Ladysmock, Cardamine
pumila bellidis folio" says, " It is common on the
mountains in Wales, whence the winds seem to have
blown some of its seeds to Bristol ; the plant some years
being very frequent on St. Vincent's Rock." There is
no doubt that Dr. Hill had in mind the Arabis stricta,
but what other Crucifer he confounded with it is not
apparent.

(A. perfoliata, Lam., has but a slight claim to be considered
a Bristol plant. On the authority of Withering in
Turner and Dillwyn's Botanist's Guide it was once to be
found on St. Vincent's Hocks, but has certainly not
been seen there for very many years.)

CARDAMINE, I.

56. C. pratensis, L. Cuckoo-flower.

Native ; in moist meado\vs, marshes, and on ditchbanks,
very common. The flowers are occasionally double
(Bishport, S., May, 1880), and in damp seasons some
plants develop buds on the leaves, and small bulbs at
the base of the stem, as supplementary means of pro-
pagation. IV. V.

57. C. impatiens, L.

Native ; in but one habitat. Abundant on the Pennant
at Stapleton, G. ; chiefly on the right bank of the river
Frome, near the mills. VII.

58. C. fleXUOSa, With. (C. sylvatica, Link.)

Native ; in damp and shady places, common.
Rootstock shortly creeping. Radical leaves few. Biennial
or perennial. IV. V.

CRUCIFEILE. 17

59. C. hirsuta, L.

Native ; on walls, banks, &c., very common.

Rootstock none. Annual. Stamens usually four. III. IV".

HESPERIS, L,

60. H. matronalis, L. Dame's Violet.

Alien. A favourite plant in old cottage gardens, and
occurs usually as an escape from cultivation.

S. Formerly at Long Ashton, and at St. Anne's Wood,
Brisliugton. Prior Park Woods, 1869. V. VI.

SISYMBRIUM, L.

61. S. officinale, Scop.

Native ; by roadsides, and in waste places everywhere.

vi. vn.

62. S. Sophia, L.

Native. " Undoubtedly gathered at Burnham, S., in
1869." Miss Livett. VI. VIII.

63. S. thalianum, Gaud.

Native ; on walls, banks, and cultivated ground, rather

common.
G. Baptist Mills. Frenchay. Plentiful about Stapleton.

St. George's.
S. Clevedon. Ham Green. Pill. Luxuriant in arable

fields bordering St. Anne's Wood, Brislington. IV. V.
ALL! ARIA, Adam.

64. A. Officinalis, Andrzj. Garlic Hedge Mustard.

Native ; on hedgebanks, very common. V. VI.

ERYSIMUM, L.

65. E. cheiranthoides, L. Worm-seed.

Native, or colonist. On cultivated or waste ground, and
on peat soil in the south of the district ; rare.

G. Kingsdown, Mr. Rootseys List, 1828. On walls at
St. George's. Stapleton.
B

18 CRUCIFEB^E.

S. Bishport. Easton. Brislington. Uphill. In some
plenty on Worlebury Hill, near Weston-super-Mare, 1880.
Yatton. Near Shapwick.

BRASSICA, Z.

66. B. campestris, L. Swede.

ft. B. Rapa, L. Turnip.

Colonist ; on borders of fields and cultivated land, and on
river banks. Bather common. VII.

"I am unable to distinguish any constant difference
between this plant and B. Napus, except that the
radical leaves are hispid in B. campestris and glabrous
in B. Napus. Sometimes the hairs on the radical leaves
are very few, and confined to the midrib." Dr. Boswell-
Syme.

(B. Napus, L. Rape or Cole Seed. An escape from
cultivation. Perhaps not distinguishable from the last.
" Whole plant very glaucous, and quite smooth." Dr.
Boswell-Syme.)

SINAPIS, L.

67. S. nigra, L. Black Mustard.

Native ; on river banks and in waste places. Frequent,
especially on the banks of the Avon. VI. VIEL

68. S. arvensis, L. The Common Charlock.

Native, or colonist. In cornfields, and about arable land
generally. Very common. V. — IX.

69. S. alba, L. White Mustard.

Native, or colonist ; not so common about Bristol as S.
nigra, but occurs frequently on cultivated land. VII.
DIPLOTAXIS, DC.

70. D. tenuifolia, DC.

Denizen ; on old walls and buildings in Bristol and the
vicinity, rare.

19

G. Horfield. Hot wells. St. Philip's Marsh. Shire-

hampton.
S. Totterdown. Knowle. Vn.— IX.

71. D. muralis, DC.

Native, or colonist ; abundant about Bristol, Weston-super-
Mare, Clevedon, and elsewhere, preferring the coast.
This plant is now much more plentiful than it was
formerly, and has within a few years greatly extended
its area in the West of England. We have both forms
or varieties, but the plants are chiefly annual.
Occasionally, however, may be noticed a fine biennial or
perennial ft. BaUngtonii, probably sometimes mistaken
for the last species, but always to be distinguished by
the length of the pedicels, and shape of the leaves.

VI. VIII.
ALYSSUM, L.

72. A. maritimum, L.

Alien ; naturalized on rocks and in waste places near the

sea. An escape from cultivation.
S. Anchor Head Rocks, Weston-super-Mare. Clevedon,

VIII. IX,
DRABA, Z.

73. D. muralis, L.

Native ; in one spot, very rare.

G. In and about an old quarry at Henbury, where it was
discovered by Miss Powell about 1846. Still growing
there in 1879, but sparingly. IV. V.

74. D. Verna, L. Common Whitlow-grass.

Native ; on walls, banks, and dry rocky places, as on
Durdham Down, Bristol ; common. IH. IV.

COCHLEARIA, Z.

75. C. Officinalis, L. Scurvy-yrass.

Native; in submaritime situations, and on limestone rocks ;
very local.

20

S. Very luxuriant at Weston-super-Mare, in and about
the wood, and at Birnbeck. Brean Down. Abundant
on the Cheddar Cliffs. V. VI.

76. C. danica, L.

Native; on the shores of the Bristol Channel. Has been
observed at New Passage, G., and at Weston-super-
Mare, S. It may probably be gathered at many other
places on the coast, but will not be found inland.

IV.— VI.

77. C. anglica, L.

Native. Very plentiful on the muddy banks of the New
Cut and Avon, at and below Bristol. The Bristol
plant differs from that figured in E. B. The pods are
shorter and broader, with turgid valves, very much con-
stricted at the replum. We have never found the leaves
to be cordate, nor have we seen any specimen which
might be thought intermediate in any degree between
this species and C. officindlis. V. VI.

ARMORACIA, Rupp.

78. A. rUSticana, Enpp. Horse-radish.

Alien ; though in some spots it has the appearance of a
native. Wherever planted it establishes itself tenaciously,
and is sometimes found in deserted garden plots, the
sole survivor of ancient cultivation. Frequent about
Bristol. V. VI.

79. A. amphibia, Koch.

Native ; by water, rare and local. Reported only from
Shirehampton, G., and from both banks of the Avon
above Bristol. VL— VIII.

CAMELINA, L.

80. C. sativa, L.

Alien ; not naturalized, occurring rarely in arable fields.

VII.

CRtJCIFERE. 21

THLASPI, Z.

81. T. arvense, L. Penny Cress.

Colonist ; on cultivated land and near farm buildings, very

rare.
G. Cornfields about Horfield, sparingly, but has been

gathered in many seasons.
S. Eastwood, Brislington. Dr. H. 0. Stephens.

VI.— VIII.

82. T. perfoliatum, L.

This plant has been reported from St. Vincent's Rocks by
Mr. Salisbury, and from Montpelier and Ashley, G., by
Dr. H. 0. Stephens, many years ago. We fear it is
now lost.

83. T. alpestre, L.

Native ; on limestone hills, very rare and local.

S. Dry pasture near Sidcot. Mr. W. B. Waterfall.
On debris from the mines on Mendip, not far from
Cheddar. Mr. T. B. Flower. Between Shipham and
Rowberrow, near Axbridge. Rev. E. P. Murray, in J.
of B., 1881,1?. 174. VI. Vn.

HUTCHINSIA, E. Br.

84. H. petraea, E. Br.

Native ; on limestone rocks about Bristol, and also upon

walls, very local.
G. St. Vincent's Rocks. Durdharn Down. Grows

sparingly and of small size only at these habitats, but is

very plentiful and luxuriant on" Avails at Westbury.

Blaize Castle. IV. V.

(Teesdalia nudicaulis, R. Br.} is recorded in the Phytologist

as having been seen at Cheddar, S., but we possess no

confirmation of the record.)

LEPIDIUM, Z.

85. L. Draba, L.

Alien ; introduced with seed.

22 CRUCIFERaS.

G. Cornfields at Stapleton ! Herb. Dr. H. 0. Stephens.
Plentiful in St. Philip's Marsh, where it has existed for
many years. In the Stephens Herbarium Dr. S. notes
his fear or belief that the plant had heen built out of St.
Philip's Marsh, thus making it clear that he had known
it there prior to 1846, the date of the memorandum.
Roadside at Patch way, June, 1881. V. VI.

86. L. campestre, E. Br.

Native ; by roadsides and on cultivated land, frequent.
G. Bank of Avon. Berkeley.

S. Henley. Long Ashton. Abundant in cornfields near
Portbury. Weston-super-Mare. VI. VII.

87. L. Smithii, Hook.

Native ; in one spot, perhaps now extinct. On the road-
side leading from Shirehampton to the Lighthouse ; Mr.
T. B. Flower. Seen there also by the late Miss Powell,
of Henbury. As a casual upon refuse from a straw-
paper mill at Henley, near Wells ; Miss Livett.

VI. VII.

88. L. ruderale, L.

Alien ; on quays about Bristol, and near the shore of the

estuaries, rare.
G. Crew's Hole. Kingsweston. Rather plentiful at St.

Philip's Marsh. On the quays at Cumberland Basin.
S. Clevedon. Rownham Ferry. V. VI.

(L. sativum, L., is frequently found in the neighbourhood
of gardens, and on rubbish heaps.)

89. L. latifolium, L.

Native.

S. Near the Axe, between Brean Down and Brean. Mr.
T. B. Flower. VII. VIE,

CAPSELLA, Vent.

90. C. Bursa-pastOlis, DC. Shepherd's Purse.

CRUCIFER^E. 20

Native. An extremely common weed, found everywhere
by roadsides and in waste places. III. — X.

SENEBIERA, Pert.

91. S. CoronOpUS, Poiret.

Native ; on damp pasture and waste land ; common.

VI. IX.

92. S. didyma, Pers.

Probably introduced with ballast about Bristol. Now

frequent.

G-. Sea Mills, abundant. Westbury-on-Trym.
S. Burnham. Weston-super-Mare. VII. IX.

(Isatis tinctoria, L. " Formerly cultivated about Keyn-
sham, S., where I have occasionally found it." Mr. T.
B. Flower in Swete's Fl. Brist.)
CAKILE, Gaert.

93. C. maritima, Scop.

Native ; on the sandy coast of the Channel, between
Clevedon and Burnham ; plentiful in some places.

VL— vm.

CRAMBE, L.

94. C. maritima, L. Sea-Kale.

Native ; on the coast, perhaps now extinct.
S. Burnham. Mr. T. B. Flower.

RAPHANUS, L.

95. E. Raphanistrum, L.

Colonist ; in cornfields, &c. ; frequent. Sometimes with
lilac flowers. VI. VII.

" The repetition of a generic name with the addition of
' istrum ' or ' astrum ' applied to a species, indicates
that it is a useless or contemptible member of that
genus, or bears a false resemblance to the species which
comprise it." Symes E. B.

RESEDACE^E. — CISTACE-33.

96. E. maritimus, Sm. Sea Eadish.
Native ; near the coast ; very rare.
S. Portishead. Rev. W. W. Spicer ! Sandy fields, near
Brean. Miss M. W. Mayow, Mr. T. B. Flower.

VI.— VIII.

KKSEDACE^E.
RESEDA, L.

97. R. lutea, L.

Native, or Colonist. Scarce about Bristol.

G. Combe Hill. Henbury. Shirehampton.

S. Pill. Portbury. Sandford. Walton-in-Grordano.

VI.— VIII.

98. R. suffruticulosa, L.

Alien, or Colonist. Very rare.

S. Anchor-Head rocks, Weston-super-Mare ! It was
found some years ago at Wells, by Miss Livett.

VIL-VIH.

99. R. Luteola, L. Dyer's Weed. Weld.

Native ; on the rubble about the limestone quarries at
Bristol, and elsewhere. Locally common. VII. — VEIL

CISTACE^.
HELIANTHEMUM, Gaert.

100. H. VUlgare, Gaert. Common Rock-Rose.

Native ; on dry, rocky banks and hilly places, especially
about Clifton, where a white-flowered variety has been
observed. VII.— IX.

101. H. polifolium, Pers.
Native.

S. On Brean Down. There is but one other habitat in
Britain. This great rarity continues to grow plentifully,
chiefly on declivities facing the south-west, where there
are plants of huge size, and apparently of great age.

VII.— VEIL

VIOLACE^J. 25

(H. canum, Dun. Reported in error from Penpole Point,
G. The plant was H. vulgare.)

(H. ledifolium, Willd. " Brean Down, Somerset," Hudson.
An error. It is generally supposed that Hudson mis-
took H. polifolium for it.)

VIOLACE^E.
VIOLA, L.

102. V. palustlis, L. Marsh Violet.
Native.

S. Recorded from " Mendip Marsh, near the Minories,"
from whence we have seen a specimen collected by Miss
M. W. Mayow. " Bog near the ' Castle of Comfort,'
Mendip," Herb. Dr. H. 0. Stephens. IV.— VI.

103. V. Odorata, L. Sweet Violet.

Native. Plentifully distributed throughout the district.
The type violacea is very much less frequent in the
vicinity of Bristol than the var. alba. This has been
accounted for by supposing that the blue violets have
nearly all been dug up and transplanted into gardens,
or hawked for sale in the streets, a fate which yearly
befalls thousands of our ferns and spring flowers, not
merely in this district, but in the neighbourhood of all
large towns. In this genus the ordinary spring flowers do
not generally ripen seed ; later in the season minute
apetalous flowers, which never expand, and are self-ferti-
lized, develope seed in abundance. The leaves do not
attain their full development until the fruit ripens ; thus
specimens of this species and of V. hirta when in fruit
present an appearance very different from that of others
gathered when the spring flowers are expanded. Both
states should be represented in the herbarium. III. IV.

26 VIOLACE^I.

104. V. hirta, L. Hairy Violet.

Native ; on shady banks and in rocky woods, frequent.
G. Bitton. Clifton Down. Shirehampton.
S. Brockley Combe. Cheddar. Clevedon. Congresbury.
Easton. Frequent about Failand and in Leigh Wood.

If the var. ft, calcarea, Bab., is nothing more than a small
state of this plant, we have it in Leigh Wood, where in
some stony spots very tiny specimens may be found.
As in the last species the leaves continue growing
after the flowers fade, sometimes attaining very large
dimensions. III. — V.

105. V. sylvatica, Fries.

Native.

a. V. Reichenbachiana, Bar.

On shady banks and in woods ; not common, but to
be found in many places. Near Bristol, it may be
gathered in the wood at Combe Glen, and in hollow
lanes about Failand.

ft. V. Pdviniana, E.

A more robust plant, and much more plentiful than
var. a. Very abundant about Bristol, and not confined
to shady places. Makes a great show in open parts of
Leigh Wood and at Cheddar. A dwarf form — V.
flavicornis, Forst. — is met with frequently. It grows
chiefly on downs and dry turfy places. IV. V.

106. V. canina, L.

Native ; on heaths and sandy ground ; rare.

G. Kingsweston.

S. Burnham sand-hills. Leigh Down.

We have not seen ft. V. lactea, Sm., which, however,
should be found amid the heath and bog of the southern
portion of the district. IV. V.

DROSERACE55. — POLYGALACE^. 27

107. V. tricolor, L. Heartsease, Pansy.

Native, or colonist ; on cultivated ground. The large-
flowered type is very rare, and usually found singly,
but /3. arvensis is everywhere common. V. — IX.

DROSERACEJE.
DROSERA, L. Sundew.

108. D. rotundifolia, L.

Native ; only on the peaty moors in Somersetshire, from
Wedmore to Wells. VII. VHI.

109. D. intermedia, Hayne.

Native ; with the last species. "VTL VIII.

110. D. anglica, Ruck.

Native. The only specimens we have are in the Stephens
Herbarium, from Wedmore, S. VII. VIII.

POLYGALACE^E.
POLYGALA, L. Milkwort.

111. P. vulgaris, L.

Native ; on dry banks, heaths, and commons ; common.

The most frequent form at Clifton is P. oxyptera, R.
/3. P. depressa, Wend, is chiefly to be found on damp

heaths and moors, as on Yate Common, G. VI. — VIII.

112. P. calcarea, F. Sch.

Native; on the Mendips, very rare.

Sandford Hill, S. Mr. W. B. Waterfall, "Jide Mr. T. E.
A. Brians." V.

CARYOPHYLLACE^E.

DIANTHUS, L.

(One plant of D. Armeria, L., was seen on a wall at West
Town, S., July 20, 1880.)

28 CARYOPHYLLACE^.

113. D. C8esius, Sm. Cheddar Pink.

Native ; on the Cheddar Cliffs, still plentiful.

Mr. T. B. Flower says that many years ago there was a
large patch of this pink on St. Vincent's Rocks, near
the Observatory. No doubt it had been planted there,
and we believe it has now disappeared. VI. VII.

SAPONARIA, Z.

114. S. Officinalis, L. Soapwort.

Native ; on the bank of the Avon, near Hanham, G.,
now scarce. Abundant on a sand-bank between Breau
and Burnham, S., and also on hedge-banks at Burnham.
Wells, S., not seen since 1878, Miss Livett. With double
flowers in the Somersetshire habitats, and, no doubt,
introduced there. VIII.

SILENE, L.

115. S. anglica, L.

Native, or colonist. Recorded only from Yatton, S., and
very scarce even there. A' I. — X.

116. S. lllflata, 8m. Bladder Campion.

Native ; in fields and by waysides, rather common. The
hairy variety (S. puberula, Jord.) is often met with ;
it differs but little from the type. VI.— VIII.

117. S. maritima, With. Sea Bladder Campion.
Native ; on the Channel shore only, rather rare.

S. Clevedon. Weston-super-Mare. Brean Down.

VI.— VIII.

LYCHNIS, L.

118. L. FloS-CUCllli, L. "Ragged Eobin.

Native ; in ditches and swamps, frequent. Rarely with
white flowers. V. VI.

CARYOPHYLLACE^3. 29

119. L. vespertina, Sibtk.

Colonist ; in borders of grass-fields, and under hedges,
generally distributed. VI.— IX.

120. L. diurna, Sibth. Red Campion.

Native ; on banks and in moist, shady places, very com-
mon. Staminiferous plants are far more abundant than
those bearing pistils. The variety with white flowers
is rare, but some luxuriant plants of it have been
observed in a damp wood bordering the lane between
Leigh and Failand Farm, S. V. VI.

121. L. GithagO, Scop. Corn-Cockle.
Colonist ; on arable land, not common.
G. Shirehampton. Stapleton.

S. Failand. Nailsea. Yatton. VI.— VIII.

SAGINA, Z.

122. S. procumbens, L.

Native ; in waste places, by footpaths, and on turf; very
common. V. — IX.

123. S. apetala, L.

Native ; on walls and in dry places ; very common.

V.— IX.

124. S. ciliata, Fr.

Native. We have this species reported only from Stapleton
and Clifton, G. There is little doubt, however, that it
will be found in other localities when its distinctness
from the last is better understood. V. — VI.

125. S. maritima, Don.

Native ; only on the coast from Weston-super-Mare to
Burnham ; rather rare. V. — IX.

126. S. nodosa, E. Meyer. Knotted Spurrey.
Native ; in sandy and peaty places, locally plentiful.

30 CABYOPHYLLACE.E.

S. On the peat towards the southern limit of the district.
Kewstoke Sands, Sands between Weston-super-Mare
and Brean Down, and Burnham Sands. In the mari-
time localities the plant is very glandular-hairy,
(8. glandulosa, Bess.). VII. VIII.

HONKENEJA, Ehrh.

127. H. peploides, Ehrh.

Native ; abundant on the sandy shore of the Bristol
Channel, from Clevedon to Burnham, S. VI. — IX.

ALSINE, Wahl.

128. A. verna, Jacq.

Native ; on the Men dip Hills, rare.

Mendip Hills below Ban well, abundant, 1846, Mr. T. B.
Flower. Meudip Marsh, at the Minories, 1866 ! Miss
M. W. Mayow. Specimens in the Stephens Herbarium
are marked " near the ' Castle of Comfort,' Mendip
Hills." V. IX.

(A. tenuifolia, 'Wahl. We. cannot retain this plant in the
Bristol Flora. There is little doubt that it was found
at Clifton half a century ago, but the circumstances are
unknown, and no specimens are extant. It is included
in Mr. Rootsey's list of Bristol Plants, pub. 1828, with
the habitat " Foot of St. Vincent's Rocks." " In the
chink of a wall near Coruwallis Grove, Clifton, Miss
M. Atwood" Swete, Fl. 14.)

ARENARIA, L.

129. A. trinervis, L.

Native ; in damp and shady places, common. V. VI.

130. A. serpyllifolia, L.

Native ; on walls, banks, and in dry spots throughout the
district. Very common. VI. — VIII.

( UNiV£^.3iTY }

CARYOPHYLLACE^E. 31

STELLARIA, L.

131. S. media, Vill. Chickweed.

Native; a common weed in all kinds of situations, and

very variable in habit and luxuriance.
8. S. umbrosa, Opitz. S. grandiflora, Woods.
G. This well-marked variety is frequent about Charfield

and Sodbury.
S. Bishport, Englishcombe, and Winscombe. III. — IX.

132. S. Holostea, L.

Native ; everywhere on hedgebanks. IV. — VI.

133. S. glauca, With.

Native ; only on the peat towards the southern limit of
the district, rare. V. VII.

134. S. graminea, L.

Native ; in dry, heathy, and bushy places, frequent.

G. Bank of Avon. Berkeley. Clifton Down. Mangots-

field. Glen Frome, near Stapletou. Westbury-on-

Trym.
S. Leigh Wood. Yatton. Wells. V.— VIII.

135. S. uliginosa, Murr.

Native ; in wet and swampy places, common. V. VI.

MALACHIUM, Fries.

136. M. aquaticum, Fr.

Native ; on ditchbanks, rare. Swete's remark, " Common

throughout the district," is inexplicable.
G. 'By the river Frome, near Stapleton.
S. Knowle, Miss Livett. St. Anne's Wood, Brislington.

VII. VIII.
CERASTIUM, L.

137. C. glomeratum, Thuil.

Native ; on banks, walls, and railway ballast. Common.

IV.-IX.

32 CARYOPHYLLACE^.

138. C. triviale, Link.

Native ; on wall- tops, banks, and in pasture land. More
common than the last. IV. — IX.

139. C. semidecandrum, L.

Native ; in dry places, rather rare.

G. St. Vincent's Rocks. Durdham Down. Stapleton.

Brandon Hill.
S. Clevedon. Cheddar. IV. V.

140. C. pumilum, Curt.

Native ; on rocks about Clifton, local. St. Vincent's
Rocks. Clifton Down. Rocks near the Sea Wall. The
Stephens Herbarium possesses a good series of specimens
from St. Vincent's Rocks, and some interesting letters
from Prof. Babington with reference to this plant. IV. V.

141. C. tetrandrum, Curt.

Native.

G. St. Vincent's Rocks, Durdham Down, and Brandon
Hill, Bristol. Sea Mills. Dr. H. 0. Stephens sub-
mitted a Clifton specimen to Prof. Babington, who
pronounced it to be his C. atrovirens, " with shorter
footstalks than usual,"

S. Elevated rocks at Cheddar. V. VII.

MOENCHIA, Ehrh.

142. M. erecta, Sm.

Native. There are specimens in Dr. Stephens' Herbarium
marked " Keynsham " and " Brandon Hill," no date.
The authority is undoubted, otherwise we might hesitate
to include this plant in our Flora, in the absence of
additional records. V. VI.

LEPIGONUM, fries.

143. L. rubrum, Fr.

Native ; in sandy and heathy places, rare. It grows in several
spots on the common near Mangotsfield, G. VI. — IX.

MALVACE^l. 33

144. L. marinum, WaU.

Native. Abundant about the estuaries in muddy aud
marshy situations. VI. — IX.

It is probable that other forms of Lepigonum are to be
found in the district, but at present our records are
confined to the species mentioned.
SPERGULA, L.

145. S. arvensis, L.

Native ; on cultivated land, rather rare.
G. Hoi-field. Stapleton.

S. Fields near the coast between Clevedon and Portis-
head. Yatton.

SCLERANTHUS, L.

146. S. animus, L.

Native ; on dry sandy ground, very rare.

G . It still lingers on Brandon Hill, half-a-dozen specimens
having been seen this season (June 10, 1881). We wish
that all the plants formerly stationed at this spot had
been able to battle as successfully against the adverse
environment.

S. On the railway near Yatton Station ! Mr. W. E.
Green,

MALVACEAE.
MALVA, L.

147. M. moschata, L. Musk Mallow.

Native ; in waste places and by roadsides, frequent.

G. Very plentiful about the railway between Clifton and

Avonmouth, and at Stapleton.
S. Clevedon. Leigh. Milton. Yatton. VII. VIII.

148. M. sylvestris, L. ( 'owniou Mallow.

Native; very common everywhere. VI. — IX.

34 TILLAGES .

149. M. rotundifolia, L. Dwarf Mallow.

Native ; in dry waste places, frequent.

G. Plentiful on a pebbly beach between the New Passage

and Avonmouth. Shirehampton. Stapleton.
S. Brislington. Clevedon. Eastern. Knowle. Strode.

Long Ashton. VI.— IX.

ALTHXEA, L.

150. A. Officinalis, L. Marsh Malloic.

Native ; in marsh ditches near tidal waters ; very rare.
G. In ditches near the rifle-range at Avonmouth, now

scarce.
S. Portishead. VIII. IX.

151. A. hirsuta, L.

Alien. Grows sparingly on Pur Down, G., where it was
discovered a few years ago by Mr. W. E. Green. VI.
LAVATERA, L.

152. L. arborea, L.

Native, or denizen. Occurs generally as an escape from
gardens, but is doubtfully wild at one or two stations
on the coast.

S. Clevedon. St. Thomas's Head. Woodspring, at the
mouth of the river Wick ; perhaps now extinct. Weston-
super- M are. VII. — IX.

TILIACE^E.
TILIA, L.

153. T. intermedia, DC. Common Lime-tree.

In plantations, parks, and hedgerows, with no claim to be
indigenous in the district. VII.

154. T. parvifolia, Ehrh.

Native. Truly wild in Leigh Wood, S., where it is
abundant. VIII.

HYPERICACE^:. 35

HYPERICACE^E.
HYPERICUM, L.

155. H. calycinum, L.

Alien. Naturalized in Leigh Wood, in the railway cutting
at Bourton, and at Clevedon, S. VII. — IX.

156. H. Androsaemum, L. Tutsan.

Native ; in woods, frequent.

G. Haw Wood, Henbury. Frorae Glen, Stapletoii.

S. King's Wood, Yatton. Leigh Wood. Clevedon.
Portishead. Wookey. VII. VIII.

(H. datum, Ait., has escaped from cultivation at Max, S.,
and at Worle, S.j

(H. hircinum, L. With the last at Max, S., '• unquestion-
ably planted," Mr. W. 1>. Waterfall.}

157. H. tetrapterum, Fr. H. quadrangulum, 8m.

Native ; banks of ditches and streams, common. VII.

158. H. perforatum, L.

Native ; in woods and on dry banks, common. VII. VIII.

159. H. dllbium, Leers.

Native ; in moist places, very rare.

G. Stapleton.

S. Leigh Wood. Yatton. VII.

160. H. humifusum, L.

Native ; in many woods, and on shady banks, rather
common. VII.

161. H. hirsutum, L.

Native ; in woods, frequent.
(T. Very plentiful in woods about Berkeley.
S. Leigh Wood. Walton-in-Gordano. Wells. Yatton.

VII. VIII.

162. H. montanum, L.

Native. In bushy places on limestone ; local, but frequent
about Bristol.

86 ACEBACE^. — GERANIACE^.

G. Conham. St. Vincent's Rocks, and in the Great

Quarry, Clifton.
S. Failand. Leigh Wood. Walton-in-Gordano. Weston-

super-Mare. VII. VIII.

163. H. pulchrum, L.

Native. The most common Hypericum in the district.

VI. VII.

ACERACE^.
ACER, L.

164. A. campestre, L. Maple.

Native ; at least in Leigh Wood, S., where are many
trees of good size. Common in hedgerows. V. VI.

165. A. Pseudo-platailUS, L. Sycamore.

Alien ; in woods, hedges, and plantations, common.

V. VI.

GERANIACE,E.
GERANIUM, L.

166. G. phseum, L.

Alien ; established in one or two spots, very rare.

G. Sea Mills, sparingly, from 1808 to the present time.

S. Stockwood, and on the banks of the stream at Long
Ashton. Swete, Fl. 19. Probably extinct in both these
habitats. V. VI.

(Gr. striatum, L. will be found as an escape from cultivation
in many places, notably at Bourton Combe, S.)

167. G. pratense, L.

Native, This beautiful Geranium is frequent in moist

GEEANIACE^. 37

pastures, and especially by the sides of rivers, through-
out the district. In the near vicinity of Bristol it is
very scarce, as might be expected ; the existence of so
attractive a wild-flower being incompatible with the
extension of a large city.

G. Bitton. Ashley Hill. Chipping Sodbury. Filton.
Tort worth.

S. Ashton. Brockley. Draycot. Kewstoke. Keyns-
ham. Pensford. WeUs. VI.— VIII.

168. G. sanguineum, L.

Native ; on dry limestone banks, very rare.

G. Plentiful about St. Vincent's Kocks, Clifton.

S. Walton-by-Clevedon. Mr. W. E. Green. VII.

169. G. pyrenaicum, L.

Alien, or denizen in this district. Very rare.

S. Plentiful in a cultivated field near Abbot's Leigh,
1878. Clevedon. Wells. In a churchyard at
Wells. Hedgebanks at Englishcombe, May, 1881.

VI. VII.

170. G. molle, L.

Native ; in waste places and dry spots, very common.
The variety with white flowers at Weston-super-Mare,
1880. IV.— VIII.

171. G. rotundifolium, L.

Native ; on and under old walls and in hedgebanks,

locally common.
G. Hanham. St. Vincent's Rocks. Sea Mills. Shire-

hampton. Stapleton.
S. Abundant under the walls of Ashton Park, by the

road to Abbot's Leigh. Clevedon. Portbury. Yatton.

By the Kennet and Avon Canal, near Combe Hay.

VI. VII.

88 GEBANIACE^.

172. G. pusillum, L.

Native ; on gravelly soil. Very rare, or, perhaps, some-
times overlooked.

G. Combe Hill. Crew's Hole. Shirehampton.
S. Bedminster. VI.— VIII.

173. G. dissectum, L.

Native ; in pastures and waste places. Very common.

VI.— VIII.

174. G. columbinum, L.

Native ; in thickets and dry pastures, and on banks,

frequent.

G. St. Vincent's Rocks, and bank of Avon. Stapleton..
S. Plentiful at Cheddar, where on the dry turfy slopes

may be seen minute specimens of great beauty, bearing

but one flower on the summit of a tiny stem.

Clevedon. Wells. Weston-super-Mare. Yatton.

VI. VII.

175. G. lucidum, L.

Native. Singularly common about Bristol, considering
how very seldom it is met with in some districts.
Grows chiefly on walls and in rocky places. Common
also at Bath, Wells, Weston-super-Mare, and Yatton, IS.

V. VHI.

176. G. robertianum, L. Herb-Robert.

Native ; on hedgebauks, and in waste shady places, very

common.
The variety with white flowers at Claverham, S. Miss

Winter. V.— VIII.

ERODIUM, L' Serif.

177. E. cicutarium, Sm.

Native ; in dry places, common. Varies very greatly in
size and appearance ; large coast specimens are some-
times mistaken for the next species. VI. VIII.

OXALIDACE^;.— LINAGES. 39

178. E. moschatum, Sm.

Native ; only near tidal waters, very rare.

G. Bank of Avon. Penpole Point.

S. Weston-super-Mare. VI. VII.

179. E. maritimum, Sm.

Native ; on elevated pastures, local.

G. Penpole Point, perhaps now extinct.

S. Roman entrenchment in Leigh Wood ; small plants
amongst the turf. Court Hill near Clevedon. Very
luxuriant on the hills about Goblin Combe. Dolbery
Camp, and frequent 011 other eminences in that
neighbourhood. VI. — IX.

OXALIDACE^E.
OXALIS, L.

180. 0. AcetOSella, L. Wood Sorrel.

Native ; in woods and moist shady places, frequent. The

flowers are rarely pink or purplish.
G. Abundant by the river Trym below Westbury.
S. Cheddar. Failand. Leigh Wood. Wells. Yatton. V.

LINAGES.
LINUM, L.

181. L. angustifolium, Huds.

At present reported only from Wookey, S., by Miss Livett,
but is likely to be found elsewhere. VII.

40 LINAGES.

182. L. USitatissimum, L. Common Flax.

Alien. Is met with in many spots, but scarce about
Bristol, and perhaps not permanent anywhere. VII.

183. L. catharticum, L.

Native. Very common on dry turfy banks and elevated
pastures. VI.— VIII.

PHANEBOGAMIA.

Class 1. DICOTYLEDONE8.
Div. 2. CALYCIFLOE^E.

CELASTRACE.E.

EUONYMUS, L.
184. E. europaeus, L. Spindle-tree.

Native ; common in hedges and woods.

G. Abundant about Charlton, Patchway, Sea Mills,

Shirehampton, and Wotton-under-Edge.
S. Also abundant at Brislington, St. Anne's Wood,
Wells, and Winscombe. V. VI.

RHAMNACE.E.

RHAMNUS, L.
185. R. CatharticUS, L. Buckthorn.

Native ; in hedges and woods, rather rare,
G. Ashley. Filtou. Horfield. Shirehampton. West-
bury.

S. Cadbury Hill. Clevedon, 011 Walton Castle Hill.
Hutton. Ken. Leigh Wood. Pensford. Sidcot.
Ebbor Rocks, near Wells.

It happens rather curiously that with us this shrub is of
solitary habit. We have not in a single instance found
two plants growing together. V. — VII.

42 LEGUMINOS^:.

186. R. Frangula, L. Black Alder.

Native ; in copses and wet thickets, rare.

G. Crew's Hole. Horfield. "Copse between Horfield

and Stapleton." Herb. Dr. H. 0. Stephens.
S. Max Mills, Winscombe.

LEGUMINOS.E.
ULEX, L.

187. U. europaeilS, L. Furze. Gorse.

Native ; on downs and commons, very common. I. — VI.

188. U. Gallii, Planch. Planchoris Furze.
Native ; on heaths and downs, locally common.

G. Bank of Avon below Bristol. Clifton and Durdham

Downs. Yate Common.
S. Clevedon. Leigh Down. Weston-super-Mare.

VIII.-- XI.

We have not met with U. eu-nanus in the district.

GENISTA, Z.

189. G. tinctOlia, L. Dyer's Weed.

Native ; in damp meadows and pastures, frequent.

G. Filton Meads. Abundant in meadows about Charlton

and Patchway. Wick, " Fields behind Stoke House,

Stapleton." Herb. Dr. H. 0. Stephens.
S. In marshy fields west of Dundry Hill. Easton, near

Wells. Winscombe. Barrow Hill, near Buckland

Dinham. Great Elm. VI.— VUL

190. G. anglica, L. Needle Whin.

Native ; on a boggy common. Very rare.

G. Yate Common. V. VI.

LEGUMINOS^l. 48

SAROTHAMNUS, Winrn.

191. S. SCOpariuS, Koch. Broom.

Native ; on dry heathy and rocky banks, locally common.
The habitats nearest to Bristol are at Cook's Folly
Wood and bank of Avon underneath ; and at Crew's
Hole, St. George's. V. VI.

ONONIS, L.

192. 0. arvensis, L.

Native; on banks, commons, and barren pastures, common.
We have gathered the spinous form at Kewstoke, S.

VI.— IX.

193. 0. campestris, Koch.

Native; chiefly in submaritime situations, and sometimes

abundant.
G. By the Avon near Avonmouth, and by the Severn

between Avonmouth and Berkeley.
S. Kewstoke. Knowle. Nailsea. VI. — IX.

MEDICAGO, L.

194. M. sativa, L. Lucerne.

Alien. Established here and there on dry banks, and by

roadsides.

G. Clifton Down, here for many years. Westbury.
S. Buruham. Kewstoke Sands. Weston-super-Mare.

VL— vm.

195. M. lupulina, L.

Native ; in pastures and waste places, very common.

v.— vni.

196. M. maculata, Sibth.

Native ; in pastures and by roadsides, scarce about Bristol.

G. Bank of Avon at Cumberland Basin, and at Sea

Mills. Stapleton. The habitat at Sea Mills has been

44 LEQUMINOS-E.

recorded by very many botanists. It extends about
half-a-mile along the river bank.

S. Brean Down. Clevedon. Wells. Weston-super-

Mare. V.— VIII.

197. M. minima, Lam.

Native. Recorded by Dr. H. 0, Stephens as found on
Brandon Hill and St. Vincent's Rocks. A specimen
from the latter place, bearing Dr. Stephens' name, but
not dated, is in the Society's herbarium. We hope
this rare little plant may not be extinct, but many years
have passed since it was last seen. V.

198. M. denticulata, Willd.

Casual in this district, having been introduced within the
last decade. It grows freely about Cumberland Basin
and the riverside adjacent. V. — VIII.

MELILOTUS, L.

199. M. officinalis, Willd. Common Melilot.
Native ; on dry banks and by roadsides, frequent.
G. Bank of Avon below Bristol.

S. Bedminster. Bourton. Erislington. Burnham.
Bank of Avon below Bristol. Uphill. Wells. Weston-
super-Mare. Yatton. VI.— VIII.

200. M. alba, Lam.

Casual ; in waste places, very rare.

G. Ashley. Mr. W. E. Green. Kingswood Hill. Dr.

A. C. Hasse.
S. Ashton Vale Colliery, one plant, 1880. Mr. T. F.

Perkins. Burnham. Miss Winter. VII. VIH.

TRIFOLIUM, L.

201. T. pratejlSe, L. Purple Clover.

Native; in fields and pastures, very common. White-
flowered plants have been noted at Dundry and Cleve-
don. V.— IX.

LEGUMINOS^I. 45

202. T. medium, L.

Native ; in elevated pastures and bushy places, frequent.
G. Cook's Folly Wood. Durdhain Down. Stinchcombe

Hill.
S. Bank of Avon. Bistmort. Clevedon. Under Crook's

CORRECTION.

No. 203. Trifolium OChroleUCUm has been inserted iii
error, and must be struck out.

' ' ""* J * w«*n»K^xx«T=r*7- TTi-iWiW iW 33 T>txjj./v™

from cultivation. Rare.
G. Westbury.
S. Clevedon. Weston-super-Mare. VI. VII.

205. T. arvense, L. Hare's-foot Trefoil.

Native ; chiefly on the sandy shores of the Channel, where

it is very plentiful.

G. Conham. Hanham. " Holly Gess " coalpit.
S. Brislington. Burnham. Kewstoke. Walton, by

Clevedon. Wells. VVeston-super-Mare. VI. — VHI.

206. T. striatum, L.

Native ; in dry pastures and sandy places, rather rare.
G. On the sandy heath near Mangotsfield Station.

Penpole Point. Trooper's Hill, Crew's Hole. Herb.

Dr. H. 0. Stephens. We have found only T. scabrum

on Durdham and Clifton Downs.
S. Buruham. Kewstoke ; plentiful both on the sands

and among the turf along the ridge from Sand Point

to Woodspring. VI.— VHI.

207. T. scabrum, L.

Native ; in dry, gravelly, and rocky pastures, and in sand.
Not uncommon.

44 LEGUMINOS^:.

recorded by very many botanists. It extends about
half-a-mile along the river bank.

S. Brean Down. Clevedon. Wells. Weston-super-

Mare. V.— Vin.

Casual in this district, having been introduced within the
last decade. It grows freely about Cumberland Basin
and the riverside adjacent. V. — VIII.

MELILOTUS, L.

199. M. officinalis, Willd. Common Melilot.
Native ; on dry banks and by roadsides, frequent.
G. Bank of Avon below Bristol.

S. Bedminster. Bourton. Erislington. Burnham.
Bank of Avon below Bristol. Uphill. Wells. Weston-
super-Mare. Yatton. VI. — VIII.

200. M. alba, Lam.

Casual ; in waste places, very rare.

G. Ashley. Mr. W. E. Green. Kingswood Hill. Dr.

A. C. Hasse.
S. Ashton Vale Colliery, one plant, 1880. Mr. T. F.

Perkins. Burnham. Miss Winter. VII. VIIE.

TRIFOLIUM, Z.

201. T. prate J1S6, L. Purple Clover.

Native; in fields and pastures, very common. White-
flowered plants have been noted at Duudry and Cleve-
don. V.— IX,

LEGUMINOSJE. 45

202. T. medium, L.

Native ; in elevated pastures and bushy places, frequent.

G. Cook's Folly Wood. Durdhani Down. Stinchcombe
Hill.

S. Bank of Avon. Bishport. Clevedon. Under Crook's
Peak. Leigh Wood, by the side of a footpath for a few
yards. Stockwood. VI.— VIII.

203. T. ochroleucum, L.

Native or denizen. Very local.

S. Yarley, or Hembury ! It has been known to grow
there for thirty years. Miss M. W. Mayow. VI. VII.

204. T. incarnatum, L.

Casual ; in fields and by roadsides where it has escaped

from cultivation. Eare.
G. Westbury.
S. Clevedon. Weston-super-Mare. VI. VII.

205. T. arvense, L. Hare's-foot Trefoil.

Native ; chiefly on the sandy shores of the Channel, where

it is very plentiful.

G. Conham. Hanham. " Holly Gess " coalpit.
S. Brislington. Burnham. Kewstoke. Walton, by

Clevedon. Wells. YVeston-super-Mare. VI. — VIII.

206. T. striatum, L.

Native ; in dry pastures and sandy places, rather rare.
G. On the sandy heath near Mangotsfield Station.

Penpole Point. Trooper's Hill, Crew's Hole. Herb.

Dr. H. 0. Stephens. We have found only T. scabrum

on Durdham and Clifton Downs.
S. Buruham. Kewstoke ; plentiful both on the sands

and among the turf along the ridge from Sand Point

to Woodspring. VI.— VEX

207. T. scabrum, L.

Native ; in dry, gravelly, and rocky pastures, and in sand.
Not uncommon.

46 LEGUMINOSJE.

G. Brandon Hill. Clifton and Durdham Downs. Pen-
pole Point.
S. Clevedon. Kewstoke sands, abundantly. VI. — VILI.

208. T, maritimum, Huds.

Native ; in sub-maritime pasture land, rare.

G. Sea Mills. The plant grows in a meadow very

plentifully, and also by the river side in great luxuriance.

One specimen gathered here July 4, 1880, bore 941

heads of flowers averaging 40 in each head, or a total of

9640 individual flowers.
S. Clevedon. Mr. W. E. Green. Specimen in Herb.

Dr. H. 0. Stephens, from " Burnham, Somerset, W. R.

Crotch," no date. Weston-super-Mare. VI. VI I.

209. T. subterraneum, L.

Native ; in dry places, very rare.

G. " St. Vincent's Rock." Shiercliff's Bristol and Hotwell

Guide for 1789. Brandon Hill, and Haiiham. Sivete

Fl. p. 22.

S. Clevedon. Mr. W. E. Green. Keynsham ! Herb.
Dr. H. 0. Stephens. V. VI.

210. T. repens, L. White, or Dutch Clover.

Native; very common everywhere. In wet seasons fre-
quently with foliaceous petals, and subject to monstrous
growths. The rose-pink variety has been found at
Clevedon by Mr. W. E. Green. V. IX.

211. T. hybridum, L.

Alien. It has been introduced with seed, and is now of

frequent occurrence. Sometimes it is viviparous.
S. Abbots' Leigh. Ashton. Clevedon. Nailsea. Rad-

stock. vi.— vin.

212. T. fragiferum, L.

Native; in pastures near salt water and elsewhere,
frequent.

LEGUMINOSJE. 47

G. Dyrham. Horfield. Sea Mills. St. Philip's Marsh.
By the Severn between New Passage and Berkeley.

S. Burnham sands. Easton. Kingston Seymour. Abun-
dant at Woodspring, and on the sands S.W. of Weston-
super-Mare. VII. VIII.

(T. resupinatum, L. This alien formerly grew abundantly
in a meadow below Shirehampton, G., but as commonly
happens, the station did not prove to be permanent.
Mr. Flower says he has several times fruitlessly searched
for it when in company with Prof. BaUngton. There
is a specimen in the herbarium B. N. S. not labelled,
but stated to be from " Shirehampton, E. H. Sivete"
no date.)

213. T. procumbens, L.

Native ; in dry places, common.

G. Plentiful by the Avon under Durdham Down. Ashley.

Mangotsfield.
S. Brean Down. Clevedon. Draycot. Ken. Kewstoke

Sands. Wells. Weston-super-Mare. VI. VII.

214. T. minus, Sm.

Native ; in pastures and dry places, very common.

v.— vm.

215. T. filiforme, L.

Native ; in dry places, rather rare.

G. Clifton Down. Durdham Down. Brandon Hill,

Sw. Fl.
S. Clevedon. Portishead. Weston-super-Mare.

v.— vin.

FALCATULA, Brot.

216. F. ornithopodioides, Bab.

"Lamplighter's Hall. Mr. G. H. K. Thwaites." Swete,
Fl. p. '23.

48 LEGUMINOS^3.

This is a tiny and inconspicuous plant, easily overlooked,
and may still grow where it was found by Mr. Thwaites,
the exact locality being unknown. We therefore
hesitate to exclude it from our list, although we have
never met with anyone who had seen it in the Bristol
district. In a list of plants published in 1789, it is said
to have grown on St. Vincent's Hocks.

LOTUS. L.

217. L. corniculatus, L.

Native ; very common in dry pastures.

J3. villosus, Ser.
S. Wells. Miss Livett.

S. L. tennis, 8m.

G. Ashley. Damory Bridge. Dyrhain.
S, Abundant near the Avon under Leigh Wood, and oil

the other side of the river also. Brean Sands. Easton.

vi.— vm,

218. L. major, Scop.

Native. Frequent, especially in marshy spots.
G. Berkeley. Kingswood. Thornbury. Mangotsfield.
S. Abbots' Leigh. Bishport. Portbury. Portishead.
Winscombe. Wookey. Yatton. VII. VIII.

(L. angustissimus, L. We agree with Mr. Flower in
believing that this species was never found in the
locality recorded for it in Swete's Fl. Brist. Lotus
tennis, Sm. must have been mistaken for it.)

ANTHYLLIS, L.

219. A. VUlneraria, L. Lady's Fingers.
Native ; in dry, hilly pastures, rather local.

G. Clifton and Durdham Downs. Kingswood.
S. Bank of Avon. Axbridge. Great Elm. Clevedon.
Milton. South Stoke. Weston-super-Mare. VI. — VHE.

LEGUMINOS^l. 49

ASTRAGALUS, L.

220. A, glycyphyllos, L.

Native, in thickets, rare.

G. On Henbury Hill !

S. Egford, Miss Livett. Portishead, Eev. W. W. Spicer !

and Herb. Dr. H. 0. Stephens. On the eastern border of

the district, near Buckland Dinham. Dr. H. F.

Parsons. VI. VII.

VIOIA, L.

221. V. hirsuta, Koch.

Native ; in hedges and waste spots, common.

G. Dry banks in Glen Frome. KingsWeston. Mangots-

field. Nibley. Plentiful near Sea Mills.
S. Knowle. Portishead. Yatton. Weston-super-Mare.

vi.— vin.

222. V. tetrasperma, Moench.

Native; in grassy and bushy places, not so frequent as
the last species.

G. Charfield. Between Sea Mills and Shirehampton.

S. Leigh Down. Portbury. Weston-super-Mare. Yat-
ton. VI.— VIIL

223. V. sylvatica, L.

Native ; in woods and thickets, local.

S. Abundant for about half a mile along the bank of the
Avon, opposite Sea Mills. Clevedon. Hutton. Port-
bury. Portishead. Stockwood, Herb. Dr. H. 0.
Stephens. Weston-in-Gordano. Between Norton St.
Philip and Wellow, on oolite; and in Asham Wood
between Nunney and Downhead, on limestone. Dr. H.
F. Parsons. VII. VIII.

224. V. Orobus, DC.

Abundant in an open pasture by Tining's Farm, near
Cheddar, and is also to be found nearer Cheddar. " The

50 LEGUMINOSJE.

plant is now extinct in the old locality (Emborrow
Ponds) mentioned in the Bot. Guide." Rev. R. P.
Murray.

225. V. Cracca, L.

Native ; in hedges and waste grassy places, very com-
mon. One of the most beautiful ornaments of our
country lanes. VI. — VIII.

226. V. bithynica, L. t

Native ; in bushy and hilly places, rare.

G. Shirehampton. Sivete, FL, p. 24. Swete also
records this plant, on the authority of Mr. T. B.
Flower, as growing in the Green Valley, Clifton, and
on St. Vincent's Rocks. This is a mistake, as Mr.
Flower gathered Lathyrus macrorrhizus, and the Vicia
has never been found at the stations named.

S. Abundant at Cleeve. Also abundant on the side of a
hill between Keynsham and Pensford, and on another
hill to the north of Pensford. Mr. T. B. Flower.
" Stockwood, near Brislington." Herb. Dr. H. 0.
Stephens. Easton and Yarley. Miss Livett. VII. VIII.

227. V. sepium, L. Bush Vetch.

Native; on hedgebanks and among bushes. Very com-
mon. With pure white flowers at Combe Hay, S.,
near the canal. VI.— VEIL

228. V. Sativa, Sm. Cultivated Vetch.

Occurs casually on the borders of fields, but only as an
escape from cultivation. V. VI.

229. V. angustifolia, Roth. Wild Vetch.

Native ; on dry banks and in pastures, common.

G. Crew's Hole. Frome Glen. Kingswestou.

S. Bishport. Clevedon. Easton. Kewstoke.

Var. Bobartii, Forst.

G. On debris from the quarry at Damory Bridge. V. VI.

LEGUMINOS^J.

230. V, lathyroides, L.

Native ; on the sandy shores of the Channel, very local.
S. Plentiful on Kewstoke sands, whence first reported to

us by the Rev. W. H. Painter. Brean Down. Dr. St.

Brody. Burnham. Miss Livett.
This tiny vetch flowers and passes away very quickly.

The open valves of the fruit and withered stems alone

remain at the middle of June. V. VI.

LATHYRUS, L.

231. L. Aphaca, L.

Native ; in cultivated ground and waste places, very rare

and not often stationary in its localities.
G. Henbury. Westbury. Swete, FL, p. 25. Horfield.

Mr. T. B. Flower.
S. Bedminster. Mr. T. B. Flower. Yarley, where it

has been known for thirty years by Miss M. W. Mayow.

v.— vn.

232. L. Nissolia, L.

Native ; in grass, or among bushes, very rare.

G. In plenty on a railway embankment at Ashley. Mr.
W. E. Green. Berwick. Henbury. Swete, FL, p. 25.
It still grows plentifully at the spot in Shirehampton
Marshes first recorded by Mr. Flower, but this habitat
is not easy to find.

S. Easton and Yarley, sparingly. Miss lAvett. Stock-
wood. Mr. G. Thwaites, in Swete, FL, p. 25. VI.

(L. hirsutus, L. " On the sides of two hills, the one north
of Pensford, on the Bristol road, the other between
Pensford and Keynsham, Somersetshire ; Mr. Swayne."
Withering' s British Plants, ed. 8, pub. 1796. A mistake.
Vicia bithynica is the plant found there.)

52 LEGUMINOSJB.

233. L. pratensis, L.

Native ; very common in hedges, meadows, and pastures
throughout the district. VII. VIII.

234. L. sylvestris, L.

Native ; chiefly in hedges, frequent.

G. Hambrook. Heubury. Berwick. Swete, FL, p. 25.
Hedgebanks near Compton Greenfield. Very abundant
on and about the railway embankment near Powder-
house Wood, Shirehampton. Brains Hill, Kings wood.
Great Quarry, Clifton.

S. Banwell. Clevedon. Nailsea. Portishead. Yatton.

VII. VIII.

235. L. macrorrhizus, Wimm.

Native ; in woods and bushy places, common.

G. Clifton and Durdham Downs. Cook's-Folly Wood.

Thornbury. Sea Mills. Wick Rocks.
S. Barrow Gurney. Cheddar. Ebbor. Hutton. Leigh

Wood. Portishead. King's Wood, Yatton.
Var. /3. tenuifolius.
Well marked on Clifton and Durdham Downs, and in

Cook's-Folly Wood. Intermediate variations occur

also.

V.— VII.

(L. latifolim, L. Valueless book records have been
founded on the occurrence of this plant in Stapleton
Quarries, where it was stated to have been found many
years ago by Mr. Anderson. See Hooker, Br. FL, and
Swete, Fl, pp. 25 and 99. An alien casual, originating
from some garden, should not have been noticed ; more-
over, in this instance, it is quite probable that the
specimen was merely a broad-leaved form of L.
sylvestris.)

BOSACE^. 53

ORNITHOPUS, L.

236. 0. perpusillus, L. Bird's foot.

Native ; on dry banks, rare.

G. Brandon Hill. Herb. Dr. H. 0. Stephens. This
station is mentioned by Withering, and also in a list
of plants published in Shierdiff's Bristol and Hotwell
Guide for 1789. Clifton Down. Miss M. Atwood,
Sivete, Fl., p. 25. Perhaps now extinct in both these
localities. Crew's Hole. Kingsweston. Plentiful in
the cutting at Mangotsfield Station.

S. Brislington. Court Hill, Clevedon. Mr. W. E. Green.
Uphill. V.— VII.

HIPPOCREPIS, L.

237. H. comosa, L.

Native ; in dry rocky places, chiefly on limestone ; locally
plentiful.

G. St. Vincent's Rocks. Durdham Down, and under-
neath, on rocks by the river-side. Stiuchcombe Hill.
Above Wotton-under-Edge, abundant. Wick Rocks.

S. Cheddar Cliffs. Ebbor. Dry banks about South
Stoke and Wellow. Worle Hill. Barrow Hill, near
Buckland Dinham. V.— VIII.

ONOBRYCHIS, Gaert.

238. 0. Sativa, Lam. Saintfoin.

Native ; In dry places, borders of fields, and on railway
embankments. Usually an escape from cultivation.
Rather common. VI. VII,

ROSACE^E.
PRUNUS, X.
239. P. Spinosa, L. Blackthorn.

Native ; in hedges and woods, very common. III. — V.

UNIVERSITY 1

54 KOSACE^.

240. P. insititia, L. Bullace.

Native ; in hedges and woods, frequent.
G. Ashley. Bitton.

S. Bishport. Olevedon. St. Anne's Wood. Wells.
Yatton. IV. V.

241. P. domestica, L. Wild Plum.

Denizen. It has become naturalized here and there, in
the vicinity of houses and orchards. IV. V.

242. P. Padus, L. Bird Cherry.
Native ; in woods and thickets, rare.
G. Stapleton.

S. Brockley Combe. Leigh Wood. Dr. H. 0. Stephens.
Clevedon. Mr. W. E. Green.

243. P. Avium, L. Wild Cherry.

Native ; in woods and hedgerows, rather common.

G. Westbury. Abundant in woods about Wotton-under-
Edge.

S. Leigh Wood, plentiful ; some grand old trees overlook
the Avon opposite Sea Mills. Ripe cherries gathered
here at the end of June, 1 881, were equal in flavour to
much of the cultivated fruit. Portbury Woods. St.
Anne's Wood. Walton-in-Gordano. V. VI.

(P. Cerasus, L. As far as we know, this shrub has never
been noticed in the neighbourhood of Bristol.)
SPIR>EA, Z.

244. S. Ulmaria, L. Meadow-Sweet.

Native ; in damp meadows, and by water, everywhere.

vi.— vin.

245. S. Filipendula, L.

Native ; in dry pastures and bushy places, on limestone
Locally common.

ROSACES. 55

G. Clifton and Durdham Downs, plentiful. Also on the
railway by the river-side under the Downs. Kingswood
Hill. Dr. A. C. Hasse !

S. Abundant on the slopes of the Mendip Hills, as at
Cheddar and Axbridge. Loxton. Walton -in-Gordano.
Woodspring. Abundant on the hills at Kewstoke and
Worle. VI. VII.

POTERIUM, L.

246. P. Sanguisorba, L. Lesser Burnet.

Native ; in dry and hilly pastures, very common.

VI.— VHL

247. P. muricatum, Spach. a. P. platylophium, jord.

Alien or colonist.

G. It grows abundantly on the railway embankment
between Sea Mills and Shirehampton, and also on
railway embankments near the Boiling Well. First
record, "Sea Mills, August 1, 1868," Rev. W. W. Spicer.

vi.— vni.

AGRIMONIA, L.

248. A. EupatOlia, L. Agrimony.

Native ; by roadsides and on hedgebanks, common.

VI. VII.
ALCHEMILLA, L.

249. A. vulgaris, L.

Native ; in damp hilly pastures. It is to be found
frequently on the slopes of the Mendip Hills, but else-
where it is rare.

G. Near Patch way.

S. Leigh Wood, a very small patch not far from the
Suspension Bridge. Damp, wooded slopes in the upper
part of the Cheddar gorge. Pasture under Dundry
Hill. Wells. Winscombe. VI. VIII.

56 ROSACES.

250. A. arvensis, L.

Native ; in pastures and cultivated fields, very common.
Very abundant on Clifton and Durdham Downs, but the
largest specimens grow on arable land. VI. — VIII.

POTENTILLA, L.

251. P. anserina, L.

Native ; in damp waste places and by roadsides, very
common. VI. VII.

252. P. argentea, L.

Native ? In one spot near Downend, G. Dr. A. C.
Hasse. VI. VII.

253. P. verna, L.

Native ; on dry banks and rocks, rare.

G. Plentiful on St. Vincent's Rocks, and on Clifton and

Durdham Downs.
S. Brean Down. Leigh Down. Cheddar. Penthill.

Miss Livett. IV. V.

254. P. reptans, L.

Native ; on dry banks and by roadsides, common. VI. — IX.

255. P. Tormentilla, Nesl. Tormentilla.

Native ; on heaths, peat moors, and banks, and in woods,

common.
With double flowers on Blackdown, S. Very remarkable

for its large, woody, rootstock. VI.— VIII.

256. P. procumbens, Sibth.

Native ; in the same situations as P. Tormentilla, from
which we have only lately been .able to separate it.
Our recorded stations are therefore few at present, but
it is probable that the plant is not uncommon in this
district. VI.— VIII.

257. P. fragariastrum, Ehrh. Barren Strawberry.
Native ; on old stone walls and banks, common. III. — V.

KOSACE^J. 57

COMARUM, L.

258. C. palustre, L.

Native; in marshes and peat ditches, rare.

S. Specimens from Leigh Woods, and from Ashton
Manor Woods, gathered by Miss At wood, are authenti-
cated by Swete, Fl. Brist., p. 27. The plant is now
believed to be absent from those localities, and perhaps
is not to be seen nearer Bristol than on the peat at
Shapwick, near the extreme southern limit of the
district. VIE.

FRAGARIA, Z.

259. F. VeSCa, L. Strawberry.

Native ; abundant in woods and thickets, and on old walls.
Specimens from Brandon Hill are in the Stephens' Her-
barium. V. VI.
(Fragaria elatior, Ehrh. Straggling colonies of garden
strawberries exist in several places; notably near the
railway under Durdham Down, at Kingswood, Yatton,
and near Clevedon. We are not certain that any of
these are true elatior, and it seems probable that they
all have escaped from cultivation in comparatively recent
times.)

RUBUS, L.

The arrangement of the bramble-forms at present known to
us in the district has been undertaken with much hesitation. It
is only by using abundant leisure with enthusiastic diligence that
a botanist can become familiar with this genus ; and it is perhaps
not a matter for surprise that the few who luckily are endowed
with the essentials should prefer to employ them in other
directions. That we have not in our own ranks a bramble
expert can therefore be no rare misfortune, much as we regret it.
To the ever-ready kindness of Mr. T. R. Archer Briggs we owe
the identification of most of our specimens of Rubus and Rosa,

58 ROSACES.

as well as many other valuable notes. We have adopted some of
the records in Swete's Flora, as the author states that his
specimens were named by Mr Edwin Lees. It will, however, be
evident that our scanty notes do not justice to the bramble
strength of the district. Further investigation will reveal other
species, and other habitats for those here mentioned.

260. R. IdffiUS, L. Raspberry.

Native ; in most of the woods about Bristol.

G. Glen Frome, Stapleton. Shirehampton.

S. Abbots' Leigh. Bourton. Castle and Court Hills,

Clevedon. Leigh Wood. Meare, Rev. R. P. Murray.

Worlebury Wood. VI.

261. E. affinis, w. & N.

G. Stapleton, Herb. Dr. H. 0. Stephens. Conham, and

Clifton Down. Swete, Fl.
S. Winscombe. Mr. W. E. Green! VII. VIII.

262. R. Lindleianus, Lees.

G. Brandon Hill, and Stapleton. Swete, Fl. p. 28.

Yate Common !
S. Leigh Wood, Herb. Dr. H. 0. Stephens, labelled

" R. nitidus, Bab. in lit." Strawberry Hill, Clevedon !

VII.— IX.

263. R. rhamnifolius, w. <& N.

G. Stapleton, Herb. Dr. H. 0. Stephens, labelled R.
cordifolius, W. & N. We have gathered by the river
side under Cook's Folly the bramble mentioned by Mr.
Briggs under R. Limlleianus in the Flora of Plymouth
as very common about Plymouth, and probably an
undescribed species.

264. R. imbricatus, Hon.

G. Stapleton ! " Precisely as seen around Plymouth."
Briggs in lit.

ROSACES. 59

265. E. discolor, w. <& N.

The most common of all the species, though not usually to
be seen in woods. We have a peculiar variety from
Crew's Hole, G., with large leaves having the terminal
leaflet nearly round, and often quite blunt. VII. — IX.

266. R. thyrsoideus, Wimm.

S. Hedges at Ken ! and a hedge in Walton by Clevedon,
beyond Lady's Bay ! Mr. W. E. Green.

267. R. leucostachys, Sm.

G. Crew's Hole ! Yate Common !

S. Very abundant in Leigh Woods. Norton's Wood,

Clevedon ! " Common between Radstock and Frome."

Rev. E. P. Murray.
A bramble gathered under Cook's Folly, G., is said by

Mr. Briggs to be "between this and villicaulis just as

at Plymouth." VII. VJII.

268. R. Salteri, Bab. ; p. R. calvatus, Blox.

G. Yate Common !

269. R. carpinifolius, w. <& N.

Stapleton, G., and Brislington, S. Herb. Dr. H. 0.
Stephens.

270. R. villicaulis, w. <& N.

G. Stapleton. Swete, FL, p. 28.

S. Strawberry Hill and Norton's Wood, Clevedon. Wells.
Miss Livett !

271. R. mucronulatus, Bor.

G. Stapleton !

S. Norton's Wood and Norton's Lane, Clevedon. Mr.
W. E. Green.

272. R. macrophyllus, Weihe.

a. R umbrosus, Arrh.

Plentiful in Bourton Combe, S. !

60 ROSACES.

ft. macrophyllus, or 7. Schlechtendalii, W. & N.

Abbots' Leigh, S. !
8. amplificatus, Lees.

St. Vincent's Rocks, G. Swete, Fl.

273. R. Bloxamii, Lees.

Leigh Wood, S. ! Fide Mr. J. G. Baker.

274. R. Hystrix, Weihe.

" Wood at Stapleton, Bab. in lit." Herb. Dr. H. 0.
Stephens.

275. R. rudis, Weihe.

G. Pennant quarries, Stapleton. Herb. Dr. H. 0.

Stephens.
S. Abbots' Leigh! Clevedon ! Mr. W. E. Green. St.

Anne's Wood. Swete, Fl. Weston-super-Mare.

276. R. Radula, Weihe.

G. Plentiful on Clifton Down !

S. Norton's Lane, Clevedon ! Mr. W. E. Green.

277. R. Koehleri, Weihe.

G. Stapleton !

7. Pi. pallidus, Weihe.

G. Yate Common !

S. Near Gurney Slade. Eev. R. P. Murray.

278. R. fusco-ater, Weihe.

G. Stapleton. Mr. G. H. K. Thivaites, in Swete, Fl.
p. 28.

279. R. diversifolius, Lindl.

G. Crew's Hole !

S. Wells. Miss Livett!

280. R. Lejeunii, Weihe.

G. Crew's Hole !

281. R. corylifolius, Sm.

G. Filton Meads ! St. Vincent's Rocks.

ROSACES. 61

S. Gypsy Lane, Ken ! Walton-by-Clevedon ! Leigh
Wood.

282. R. tuberculatus, Bab.

S. Gypsy Lane, Ken ! Milton !

283. K. COBSiuS, L. Dewberry.

Frequent in hedges near Bristol and elsewhere. VI. VII.
GEUM, L.

284. G. urbanum, L. Avens.

Native. In hedges, woods, and bushy places, very
common. VI. — VIII.

285. G. intermedium, Ekrk.

Native.

S. Asham Wood, with Gr. urbanum, and G. rivale. Dr.
H. F. Parsons.

286. G. rivale, L.

" This formerly grew in some plenty in damp meadows
about Nailsea. I know not if it has now disappeared."
Mr. T. B. Flower. Long Ashton, S. Swete, FL, p. 29.
We have not been able to ascertain if this plant still
exists in the localities named. Asham Wood, between
Nunney and Downhead, S. Dr. H. F. Parsons. Ebbor,
Mr. J. G. Baker. Gurney-Slade, Rev. R. P. Murray.

ROSA, L.

In this genus we have followed the arrangement of Mr. J.
G. Baker in his Monograph of the British Roses, Linn. Journ.,
xi. 197. See note under Rubus.

287. R. spinosissima, L. Bumet Rose.

" I have seen this on sandy banks about Kewstoke, and
at Clevedon, S." Mr. T. B. Flower. Weston-super-
Mare, Herb. Dr. H. 0. Stephens, no date. Perhaps
now extinct. Within the last three years we have
several times carefully examined the localities, but did

62 ROSACES.

not find the rose. There are two very old bushes in the
strip of shrubbery which surrounds the " Observatory "
at Clifton.

288. R. tomentosa, Sm.

Native ; in hedges and on bushy hills, not common.

G. Trooper's Hill, Crew's Hole. Herb. Dr. H. 0.

Stephens. Nibley Knoll.
S. Stockwood Lane. Herb. Dr. H. 0. Stephens. Wells,

Miss Livett ; who sent specimens of several varying

forms of this species.
Var. scabriuscula, Sm.
G. Crew's Hole.
S. Bank of Avon opposite Sea Mills. Walton Hill,

Clevedon. Wells. Miss Livett. VI. VIL

289. R. rubiginosa, L. Sweetbriar.
Native ; very rare.

S. Walton Hill, Clevedon ! Whatley Combe. Dr. H. F.

Parsons.

All Swete's stations for this rose belong to R. micrantha.

VI. VII.

290. R, micrantha, Sm.

Native ; in hedges and thickets, common.

G. Aust. Black Rock Gully. Kingswood. Stapleton.

S. Bank of Avon under Leigh Woods. Bourton. Brean
Down. Leigh Woods. Very plentiful on the high
ground beyond Walton Castle, Clevedon, where nearly
all the roses belong to this species. Stockwood.
Frequent about Wells. Miss Livett !

Var. Briggsii, Baker.

Near the coast at St. Thomas' Head, Somerset. This, the
naked peduncled variety of R. micrantha is of the greatest
interest. It was first discovered in this country near
Plymouth, by Mr. Briggs many years ago ; and up to

ROSACES. 63

last summer no botanist had found it elsewhere in
Britain. We had much pleasure, therefore, in gathering
it by the Bristol Channel on June 26, 1881.

Var. hystrix, Leman.

" St. Vincent's Bocks, G., Dr. St. Brody " Baker's Mon.,
p. 222. We have searched for this in vain. VII. Till.

291, R. inodora, Fr.

"Woods at Brean Down, S. (Woods!)" Baker's Mon.,
p 224. It is very probable that the southern slopes of
Brean Down were wooded up to a comparatively recent
date. At the present time a few stumps and some low
bushes alone remain, and we fear Eosa inodora is no
longer among them. It has been reported from Castle
Hill, Clevedon, but doubtless in error for E. micrantJia,
a specimen of which stands for this rose in the
Stephens' Herbarium.

292. R. canina, L. Dog Eose.

Var. lutetiana, Leman. Very common. It is, we think,

the commonest form in the district.
Var. dumalis, Beclist. Very common. Abundant on

Clifton and Durdham Downs.
Var. biserrata, Herat.

Very rare? Walton Hill, Clevedon. S.
Var. urbica, Leman.

Common.

Var. arvatica, Baker. Bare.
S. Bedminster Meads, near Lock's Mills. Bourton.

Knowle.
Var. obtusifolia, Desv.

Bare. Bedminster Meads. S. Fide Mr. J. Q. Baker.
Var. tomentella, Leman.

Bare.
G. Charfield. Charlton. Nibley Knoll.

64 BOSACE.E.

Var. verticillacantha, Herat.

Frequent.
G. Koadside at Aust. Hedges by the field-path between

Thornbury and Aust.

S. Bedminster. Kewstoke. Weston-super-Mare.
The Aust stations belong to R. aspernata, Deseglise, which

has the calyx-tube and sepals densely setose on the back.
Var. collina, Jacq. R. Kosinciana, Deseglise.

Very rare. Crox Top. S. Rev. W. H. Painter !
Var. Reuteri, Godet. R. crepiniana, Desegl. M. S. S.

Bare.
G. Black Bock Gully, Durdham Down. Mr. T. B.

Flower, fide Mr. J. G. Baker.
S. Crox Top. Rev. W. H. Painter !
Var. subcristata, Baker.

Knowle, S. Rev. W. H. Painter !

293. R. stylosa, Dew. R. systyla, Bast. E. B., 1895.

Native; in hedges and thickets, and on ditchbanks in the
marshlands. Common. Many of the more luxuriant
plants, especially in wet places, have the column of
styles but little or not at all protruded, and in this way
approach closely to R. collina Jacq. The most character-
istic or typical specimens are to be had in dry situations,
as for instance, on St. Vincent's Rocks.

G. Aust. Horfield. St. Vincent's Rocks.

S. Bedminster. Bourton. Cheddar. Portbury. Wed-
more. Wells. Winscombe. Very abundant in the
lowlands from Yatton to Clevedon and Weston-super-
Mare; in some places forming quite half of the rose
flora. VI. VII.

294. E. arvensis, Huds.

Native ; in hedges and thickets. Common nearly every-
where in the wooded and enclosed portions of the

ROSACES. 65

district. It occurs in the most extraordinary profusion
and luxuriance near Nibley, G., almost to the exclusion
of all other roses. On the Somerset bank of the Avon
opposite Sea Mills, we find bushes with unripened
fruits persistent until the next summer. VI. VII.

ft. E. bibracteata, Bast, (as interpreted by Mr. Baker.)
Wells, S. Miss Livett.

CRATVEGUS, L.

295. C. Oxyacantha, L. Hawthorn.

j3. C. monogyna, Jacq.

Native ; very common. It is doubtful if C. Oxyacantha,
Jacq. grows in the district. We have not seen a
specimen, although it has been reported to us. Inter-
mediate states, however, occur frequently. For instance,
trees on Pur Down and elsewhere have glabrous
pedicels, and a bush on Leigh Down is quite glabrous ;
with triangular-acuminate, spreading, reflexed sepals,
and glossy leaves. This bush was the very last to
bloom in 1881, in fact specimens were cut from it on
June 23rd. That season will be long remembered for
the luxuriant flowering of the Hawthorn, whose snowy
wreaths, then in full perfection, dotted our Downs with
indescribable beauty. V. VI.

(Mespilus germanica, L. A tree, apparently wild, has
been seen on the cliff at Clevedon by Mrs. Lainson and
Mr. W. E. Green.)

PYRUS, L.

296. P. COmmunis, L. Wild Pear.
Denizen ; rare.

G. Shirehampton. Stapleton. Herb. Dr. H. 0. Stephens.

66 ROSACES.

S. A tree (30 feet) by the brook at the bottom of Bish-
port Wood ; no fruit in 1881. A tree (20 feet) on the
bank of a stream running through meadow-land near
Woodspring Priory; full of fruit in 1881. IV. V.

297. P. MaluS, L. Crab Apple.

Native ; in hedges and woods, common. There are some
fine trees towards Dundry ; and in a wood by Stoke Park.

V.

298. P. Aucuparia, L. Mountain Ash.
Native ; in woods, rather rare.

G. Wick Eocks.

S. Clevedon. Leigh Woods, chiefly on rocks near the
Avon. Worlebury Wood. Yatton. V. VI.

299. P. Alia, Sm. White Beam.

Native ; in woods and on limestone rocks, locally common.

G. St. Vincent's Hocks and Durdham Down. Woods
above Wotton-under-Edge.

S. Bourton Combe. Brean Down. Clevedon. Cheddar.
Leigh Woods. Sidcot. Yatton. On exposed rocks near
Winscombe, and elsewhere in the Mendips, where it is
sometimes seen in hedges.

In successive years there is a very considerable difference
in the amount of blossom borne by the White Beams,
and thus their appearance at the period of flowering
alters greatly. In 1877 the trees on the summit of
Nightingale Valley flowered splendidly. In the three
following seasons there was scarcely a corymb to be
seen, and, indeed, in one of those years it was only with
great difficulty that an herbarium specimen could be
found. But in 1881, when every tree flowered most
abundantly, Pyrus Ana excelled them all, and shone
forth once more in maximum beauty, the silvery foliage

ROSACES.

6T

of the older trees being almost hidden by masses of
inflorescence.

A variety or hybrid with lobed or pinnatifid leaves (placed
under P. scandica, Bab., in English Botany) grows
somewhere in Leigh Woods, and has been gathered on
several occasions ; but the station of the tree is not now
known. It was first recorded, in Sivete, FL, pp. 30 and
99, as P. intermedia, Ehrh., by Miss Atwood, from
whom probably Dr. Boswell-Syme had his specimens,
and was gathered also a few years ago by Mr. W. E.
Green. His specimen was exhibited at the Bristol
meeting of the British Association, and was then lost.
Mr. Green has failed to find his way to the tree a
second time, and repeated searches by other botanists
have not sufficed to rediscover it, Swete's additional
mention of ft p. pinnatifida, Ehrh., Leigh Woods, S.,
frequent," must be an error. V.

300. P. torminalis, Sm.

Native ; in woods, very rare.

G. Oldbury Court Wood. Mr. W. E. Green. Formerly
near Cook's Folly Wood (not on St. Vincent's Eocks),
now extinct. Mr. T. B. Flower. In the Stephens'
Herbarium there is a flowering specimen labelled
" Wood at Conham, near the old Spelter Works." No
date. This is probably the authority for the record
in Swete, EL, p. 30.

S. Early in June, 1881, we discovered at least a dozen
small trees growing on exposed rocks near the river
under Leigh Woods. These had not flowered. Their
leaves differ in shape from those figured in English
Botany, being much narrower across from tip to tip of
the basal lobes.

68 LYTHRACE.E. TAMABISCACE^J . — ONAGRACE^J.

LYTHRACE^E.
LYTHRUM, Z.
301. L. Salicaria, L. Purple Loosestrife.

Native ; in wet places. Very rare in the northern division.
G. Banks of the Frome, near Stapleton.
S. Bank of Avon under Leigh Wood. Clevedon.
Paultou. Wells. Winscombe. Frequent throughout
the marshlands from the Mendips to the Channel.

VII. VIII.

TAMARISCACE^E.
TAMARIX, Z.

302. T. anglica, Webb.

Alien. To be seen in many places on the Channel shore,
but rarely except where planted. VII. VIII.

ONAGRACE.E.
EPILOBIUM, L.

303. E. angustifolium, L., a. E. macrocarpum, stepk.

Native ; in damp and shady places, plentiful about Bristol,
especially by the Avon under Leigh Wood, S. Also in
great abundance on the peat towards the southern limit
of the district. VII.

304. E. hirSUtum, L. Great Willow Herb.

Native; in wet ditches: common. VII. VIII.

305. E. parviflorum, Schreb.

Native ; in damp places : very common. VII. VUL

306. E. montanum, L.

Native; on walls, banks, and in waste places: very
common. VI. VII.

307. E. lanceolatum, s. & M.

Native. Very rare.

ONAGEACE^. 69

G. On rocks Dear Frome Glen. Mr. G. H. K. Thwaites !
Conham. Herb. Dr. H. 0. Stephens. VII. VITT.

308. E. roseum, Schreb.

Native ; frequently met with at the east of Bristol.

G. Conham. Crew's Hole. Hanham. Frome Glen,

Stapleton.
S. St. Anne's Wood. Mr. G. H. K. Thwaites, Swete,

Fl. Mr. W. E. Green. VII. VIII.

309. E. tetragonum, L.

Native ; in damp places, frequent.
G. Ashley. Horfield. Stapleton.

S. Abbots' Leigh. Draycot. Leigh Wood. Weston-
super-Mare. Yatton. VII. VIII.

310. E. Obscurum, Schreb.

Native ; in wet places, and on ditch banks, common.

VII. VIII.

311. E. palustre, L.

Native ; in wet places, frequent.
G. Sea Mills. Shirehampton.
S. Abbots' Leigh. Ashcot. Leigh Woods. VII. VIII.

CENOTHERA, L.

312. (E. biennis, L. Evening Primrose.

Alien. Introduced from America. Locally plentiful in
some sandy waste places on the coast.

G. Under Black Rock ; first noticed by Mr. H. Char-
bonnier , 1867.

S. By the riverside under Leigh Wood. Kewstoke.
Rev. W. H. Painter. Abundant on the sands and by
the roadside between Brean Down and Burnham, where
(E. odorata was not seen, although carefully searched
for in 1880 and 1881. VII. VIII.

70 HALOBAGACE.E.

313. OB. odorata, Jacq.

Alien. Very rare.

S. Sandhills between Weston-super-Mare and Uphill.

We looked closely for this plant on several occasions in
August, 1880, and saw only three specimens in all. It
has a place in some of the neighbouring gardens, which
have probably been supplied from the sands, as the
plant certainly grew there before the gardens were
made. We have never seen it west of the Axe.

vii. vnr.

CIRC/EA, L.

314. C. lutetiana, L. Enchanter's Nightshade.

Native ; in woods and shady places, common. VI. — VIII.

HALORAGACE^E.
MYRIOPHYLLUM, L.

315. M. verticillatum, L.

Native ; in ponds and ditches, very rare.

G. Shirehampton. Swete, FL, p. 31.

S. Yatton. Miss Winter. VII. VTTT.

316. M. spicatum, L.

Native ; in ponds and ditches, frequent.

G. Pond in St. Philip's Marsh. Herb. Dr. H. 0.

Stephens. Shirehampton. Rev. W. W. Spicer.
S. Clevedon. Ditches about Weston Junction, Yatton,

and elsewhere in the marsh lands. VI. VII.

HIPPURIS, L.

317. H. vulgaris, L. Mare's-tail.

Native ; in marsh ditches, locally common.
S. Ken. Portbury. Yatton. Plentiful in ditches below
Cheddar and Dray cot. VI. VII.

CUCUBBITACE^J . — PORTULACE.E . — CRASSULACE JE . 7 1

CUCURBITACE,E.

BRYONIA, L.
318. B. dioica, L. Red Bryony.

Native ; in hedges and thickets, common.

G. Abundant in hedges about Stoke Park, Sea Mills, and

Shirehampton. Combe Glen.
S. Bedminster. Clevedon. Englishcombe. Portishead.

v.— vni.

PORTULACE.E.
MONTIA, L.

319. M. fontana, L.

Native ; in water and in boggy places, rather rare.

G. Brandon Hill. Herb. Dr. H. 0. Stephens. No longer
there. In a boggy spot close to Mangotsfield Junction.

S. Plentiful by the stream between Failand Farm and
the Tan-pits. Plentiful in boggy streams on Black
Down. IV.-VII.

CRAS3ULACEJE.
SEDUM, L.

320. S. Telephium, L.

Native at one or two stations ; an escape in others.

G. St. Vincent's Rocks. Wick Rocks.

S. Portbury. Easton, Miss Livett. VII. V]II.

321. S. Fabaria, Koch. S. purpureum, Tamch.

G. Common about Kingswood. Dr. A. C. Basse. Mr.

Flower informs us that his record for this plant in

Swete, Fl., p. 33, is an error.
S. Great Elm. Dr. H. F. Parsons. VII. VEIL

72 CBASSULACE^.

322. S. album, L.

Native ; on rocks and walls. Rather frequent, and probably
planted at some of the stations.

G. Almondsbury. Frenchay. Penpole Point in abun-
dance. Wick Rocks. Kingswood.

S. Bourton. Nailsea. Ken. Rowberrow. Worle. On
rocks in Asbam Wood, apparently native ; on walls at
Great Elm ; and at Holwell, near Nunney. Dr. H. F.
Parsons. VII. VIII.

323. S. dasyphyllum, L.

Native ? In numerous localities, but always on walls.
G. " St. Vincent's Rocks and walls about Clifton."

SUerclifs Bristol and Hotwell Guide, pub. 1789.

Clifton Hill. Eev. W. W. Spicer, June 10, 1868.

Probably now extinct. " Walls at Clifton." Herb. Dr.

H. 0. Stephens. Hanbam. Glen Frome, Stapleton !
S. Abbot's Leigb. Near Cad bury Camp. Bedminster.

Swete, FL, p. 33. Clapton. Clevedon. Cranmore.

Miss Livett. Nailsea, plentiful. Miss Winter. Ticken-

bam. Mr. W. E. Green. Plentiful on a wall at

Buckland Dinbam.

324. S. acre, L. Stonecrop.

Native ; on rocks and walls nearly everywhere. VI. VII.

(S. sexangulare, L., has been planted at Wick Rocks.)

325. S. reflexum, L.

Native or denizen. In many places, chiefly or solely on

old stone walls.
G. Almondsbury. Charfield. Thornbury. Sea Mills.

Shirehampton.
S. Cheddar. Cleeve. Stanton Drew. Wells. Weston-

super-Mare. Winscombe. Yatton. VII. VIII.

RIBESIACE^. 73

326. S. rupestre, L. ?

Native ; on rocks, rare.

Var. a., majus.

S. Cheddar. Cleeve. Walton-in-Gordano. Wick. Planted

on walls in many places.
Var. /3., minus.
St. Vincent's Rocks, G. Also on the opposite side of the

Avon, under Leigh Wood. VI. — VIII.

SEMPERVIVUM, L.

327. S. tectorum, L. Common House-leek.

Alien ; on roofs and walls, always planted. VII.

COTYLEDON, L.

328. C. Umbilicus, L. Navelwort.

Native ; on rocks and walls. Very common about Bristol,
especially at Abbots' Leigh, Almondsbury, and Stapleton,
but decreasingly frequent to the southward. VI. — VIII.

RIBESIACE.E.
RIBES, L.

329. R. GrOSSUlaria, L. Gooseberry.

Denizen; in hedges and bushy places, rather common.
Plentiful about Abbots' Leigh. A number of fine bushes
grow at an old limekiln at Failand, and in a lane leading
thence into the Clevedon road. It grows luxuriantly in
pollard willows on the banks of the Chew at Pensford,
where the floods have induced many plants in like
manner to assume an epiphytic habit. IV. V.

330. R. nigrum, L. Black Currant.
Denizen ; in woods and wet places, rare.

74 SAXIFKAGACE-3B.

G. Bank of Avon at Keynsham. Herb. Dr. H. 0.
Stephens. Westbury.

S. Hedgebank at Failand. Leigh Woods. Worlebury
Wood. IV. V.

331. E. rubrum, L. Red Currant.

Denizen ; in hedges and woods, and on the banks of rivers ;
frequent.

G. Plentiful by the river side at Tortworth.

S. In many places in woods about Abbots' Leigh. Port-
bury. On the banks of the Chew near Pensford.
Hedges about Wrington and Langford.

SAXIFRAGACE^E.
SAXIFRAGA, L.

332. S. hypnoides, L.

Native. Its mat-like tangles mantle some moist and
shady ledges on the Cheddar Cliffs; but it is not
certainly known to grow elsewhere in the Mendips.

v.— vn.

333. S. tridactylites, L.

Native ; on walls, dry banks, and rocks. Common,

IV.— VII.

334. S. granulata, L,

Native ; in dry pastures ; very rare.
S. Near Marksbury. Mr. T. B. Flower. Also reported
to grow at Cheddar. V.

CHRYSOSPLENIUM, L.

335. C. alternifolium, L.

Native ; on the swampy margins of streams in Somerset-
shire ; local. It is said to have been found near Bristol
(towards Pill) by Dr. Rogers. Abundant on the eastern

UMBELLIFERE. 75

border of the district near Mells and Great Elm.
Frequent in damp places about Wells. Miss Livett.
Between Wrington and Langford. IV. V.

336. C. oppositifolium, L.

Native. Not uncommon on damp banks and in shaded
swamps.

G. Bitton. Between Stapleton and Filton.

S. Leigh Wood, second valley. In several places be-
tween Abbots' Leigh and Failand. Under Dundry Hill.
Wells. in.— V.

UMBELLIFER.E.
HYDROCOTYLE, L.

337. H. VUlgaris, L. Pennywort.

Native ; in marshes and boggy places ; frequent.

G. Boggy spot close to Mangotsfield Junction. Yate

Common.
S. Marsh on Burnharn Sands. By the stream between

Sandy Lane and Failand Farm. Uphill Drove.

Walton Drove. Yatton. V. — VIII.

SANIOULA, L.

338. S. europsea, L. Sanicie.

Native ; common in woods and shady places nearly every-
where. VI. VII.
ERYNGIUM, L.

339. E. maritimum, L. Eryngo. Sea Holly.

Native ; only on the shore of the Bristol Channel in two
or three places. Chiefly on Brean sands. VII. VIII.

340. E. campestre, L.

Possibly not native ; in one spot only, the precise where-
abouts of which is unknown to us.

76 UMBELLIFER^.

" Has been known to grow for many years at Weston-
super-Mare." Mr. T. B. Flower. " Weston-super-
Mare, Somerset." Syme's E. B. Eev. R. P. Murray
has seen it growing there very sparingly, and in danger
of being built over. See also " The Flora of Weston,"
by G. St. Brody.

CICUTA, L.

341. C. virosa, L.

Burnham, S., many years ago, and at Easton in 1880.
Miss M. W. Mayow. We are aware that the occur-
rence of this plant in North Somerset is very doubtfully
regarded ; and we have not seen specimens. Still,
believing that there is little likelihood of mistake in
these records, we venture to publish them, and trust
that future discovery may render them solid ground for
the inclusion of the plant in the Bristol Flora.

APIUM, L.

342. A. graveolens, L. Celery.

Native ; in marshes and ditches, particularly near tidal
waters. Both banks of the Avon, from Crew's Hole
downwards; butmore abundant below Bristol. Burnham.
Clevedon. VI.— VUL

343. A. nodiflorum, R. Helosciadium, Koch.

Native ; in marshes, ditches, and streams. Very common,

and generally distributed.

ft. A. repens, R.
S. Abbots' Leigh, Rev. W. H. Painter. Brislington.

VII. VIIL

344. A. inundatum, R.

Native ; very rare and local. We have found it only in
ditches on the peat below Wedmore, S. VII. VIIL

UMBELLIFER.E. 77

PETROSELINUM, Hoffm.

345. P. Sativum, Hoffm. Parsley.

Alien ; on rocks, ruins, and old walls in many places.
G. Abundant on St. Vincent's Rocks. Syston, Dr. Hasse.
S. Portishead Point. In several places around Wells.
Yatton. Weston-super-Mare. VI.— VIII.

346. P. segetum, Koch.

Native ; in damp fields. Rather rare, or possibly it has

been overlooked.
G. Ashley. Boiling Well, and Sea Mills. Herb. Dr. H.

0. Stephens.
S. St. Anne's Wood. Burnham, Miss Winter. Easton.

Weston-super-Mare, Miss Livett. VIII. IX.

SISON, L.

347. S. Amomum, L.

Native; common, and generally distributed. VIII. IX.

TRINIA, Hoffm.

348. T. VUlgaiis, DC. Pimpinella dioica, Sm.

Native ; on limestone, locally plentiful. Our area includes
nearly all the British stations. Occasionally we find a
monoecious specimen.

G. St. Vincent's Rocks. Black Rock Gully.

S. Rocks at Hutton. Rocks by the Channel at Sand
Point. Sidcot. WTinscombe. Uphill. Worle Hill. V. VI.

>CGOPODIUM, L.

349. JE. Podagraria, L. Gout-weed.

Native ? rather common. We have never seen this plant
growing far from habitations. Its usual position is on
hedgebanks bordering orchards and gardens.

G. Boyd Mill, ^tapleton.
F1

78

UMBELLIFERSJ.

S. Abbots' Leigh. Almondsbury. Brislington. Bed-
minster. Clevedon. Dundry. Failand. Englishcombe.
Pensford. WeUs. VI. VII.

CARUM, L.

350. C. flexilOSUm, Fr. Bunium, Linn. Pignut.
Native ; in pastures and grassy places. Very common.

V. VI.
PIMPINELLA, L.

351. P. Saxifraga, L.

Native; on downs and in dry pastures. Very common,
and very variable. The tallest and stoutest specimens
we have ever seen (they were 2 ft. high) grew among
loose stones on the top of Worle Hill, S. ; one of the
most barren and unproductive spots imaginable. (P.
magna is not known in the district.) VII. — IX.

SIUM, L.

352. S. latifolium, L.

Native ; in ditches, rather rare and local.

G. Shirehampton marshes.

S. Burnham. Ditches in the Cheddar Valley, near
Cheddar and Winscombe. Ditches on peat below
Wedmore. VII. VIIL

353. S. angustifolium, L.

Native ; in ditches throughout the marshlands, from
Portbury and Yatton, to Weston-super-Mare and Wells.
Locally plentiful. Great Elm. Dr. H. F. Parsons.

BUPLEURUM, L.

354. B. tenuissimum, L.

Native. Very rare, and local ; growing only on the banks
of the estuaries in very few places.

UMBELLIFEREJ. 79

G. Shirehampton, from the Powder House westward.
S. By the Channel near Woodspring.

(B. rotundifolium was gathered near Ham Green, S.,
many years ago, by Mr. T. B. Flower, who says the
habitat has long since been destroyed.)

CENANTHE, X.

355. <E. fistulosa, L.

Native ; very abundant in ditches throughout the marsh-
lands, from Portishead and Clevedon to the southern
limit of the district. VII. — IX.

356. CE. pimpinelloides, L.

Native ; very rare with us, though said to be frequent in
some other parts of Somerset.

S. Burnham, and Wells, Miss Jjivett and Miss Mayow.
Bishport, Mr. J. Foster, Swete, Fl. 37. Uphill,
W. Christy in New Bot. Guide. The plant gathered by
Mr. Flower at the " riverside under Cook's Folly, G.,"
was (E. Lachenalii. VI. VII.

357. CE. Lachenalii, Gmei.

Native ; in marshes, chiefly near salt water, frequent on

the coast.
G. Bank of Avon at Sea Mills, sparingly. Syston

Common.
S. Bank of Avon opposite Sea Mills. Plentiful on the

marshy portion of Burnham Sands. Weston-super-

Mare. VII— IX.

358. (E. silaifolia, Bieb. ?

Native ; in marshes, very rare.

G. Shirehampton. Marshy ground at New Passage,

July, 1879.
S. Yatton. Miss Winter. VI. VII.

80 UMBELLIFERE.

359. CE. crocata, L.

Native ; on ditchbanks and in streams, common.

It grows near Bristol in many ditches between Long
Ashton and Dundry, at the Abbots' Pond, and at
Stapleton Mill. VI. VII.

360. (E. Phellandrium, Lam.

Native; abundant in marsh ditches throughout the

Cheddar Valley.
S. Axbridge. Berrow. Brent. Draycot. Easton.

Wedmore. Weston Junction. Yatton. VII. — IX.

>ETHUSA, L.

361. JE. Cynapium, L. Fool's Parsley.

Native ; a common weed on cultivated ground. VIE. VIII.

F>ENICULUM, Ho/m.

362. F. Vulgare, Gaertn. Fennel.
Native, or denizen ; frequent.

G. Plentiful on ledges of St. Vincent's Rocks, where it
has been known for more than a century. Bank of
Avon under Durdham Down. Patchway.

S. Clevedon. Brean Down. Rodney Stoke. Wed-
more. Yatton. VII. VIII.

SILAUS, Besser.

363. S. pratensis, Bess.

Native ; common in meadows and pastures.

G. Charlton. Filton. Horfield. Patchway. Sea Mills.

S. Axbridge. Meadows around Dundry Hill. Failand.

Easton. Winscombe. Woodspring. Yatton.
It grows in abundance at all these localities. VI. — VIII.

TJMBELLIFER£3. 81

CRITHMUM, L.

364. C. maritimum, L. Samphire.

Native ; in many places on the coast ; both on rocks and
on sandy beaches.

S. Brean Down. Burnham. Clevedon. Kewstoke
sands. Sand Point. Portishead. Eocks to the north
of Weston-super-Mare. Walton-in-Gordano. VI. — VIII.

ANGELICA, L.

365. A. sylvestris, L.

Native ; in damp and shady places, very common.

One of the largest of our Umbellifers, attaining the height
of from 8 to 10 feet in favourable situations, as in Ber-
wick Wood, G. A specimen from Keynsham, S., pre-
served in the Bristol Museum, is 10 ft. % in. high.

vn. VHI.

PASTINACA, L.

366. P. Sativa, L. Parmep.

Native in many places; but in others derived from

cultivation.
G. Chipping Sodbury. Filton. Henbury. Shirehamp-

ton. St. Vincent's Rocks.
S. Brean Down, and on the shore from thence towards

Burnham, in profusion. Ashton. Clevedon. Draycot.

Milton. Penhill. Worle. Wedmore. Yatton. VI.— VIII.

HERACLEUM, L.

367. H. Sphondylium, L. Cow-parsnep. Hog-weed.
Native ; very common in hedges, fields, and pastures

everywhere. The form, with very narrow leaf segments,
was gathered at Sandford, S. VI. — X.

82 UMBELLIFER^J.

DAUCUS, L.

368. D. Carota, L. Carrot.

Native ; in dry places, very common. VI. VIII.

CAUCALIS, Ho/m.

369. C. daucoides, L.

Colonist. A cornfield weed. Very rare.

S. Burnham. Miss M. W. Mayoiv. VI.

TORILIS, Adans.

370. T. Anthriscus, Gaert.

Native ; in bushy places and by roadsides. Very common.

vii. vni.

371. T. infesta, Spr.

Colonist ; in cornfields ; rather rare.

G-. Avonmouth. Horfield. Kingswood. Montpelier.

S. Near Buckland Dinham. Winscombe. VII. VIII.

372. T. nodosa, Gaert.

Native ; in dry sheltered places. Frequent.

G. Brandon Hill. St. Vincent's Rocks. Stapleton.
Shirehampton.

S. Anchor Head, Weston-super-Mare. Brean Down.
Cheddar. Clevedon. Abbots' Leigh. Knowle. Rown-
ham. Easton. VVoodspring. Worle. V. — VII.

SCANDIX, L.

373. S. Pecten-Veneris, L.

Colonist ; on cultivated land. Common. VI. — VIII.

CH>CROPHYLLUM, Z.

374. C. sylvestre, L.

Native ; in pastures, hedgebanks, and damp shady places.
Very common everywhere. IV. — VI.

(C. sativum, Lam. Casual at Knowle, S. Rev. W. H.
Painter.)

HEDERACE-E. 83

375. C. AnthrisCUS, Lam. A. vulgarls, Pers.
Native ; on banks and under walls. Rare.

G. Mangotsfield Village. St. Philip's Marsh, Herb. Dr.
H. 0. Stephens.

S. Burnham, Miss Winter. Berrow. Bank by the
roadside at Brean. Upper Knowle. Field adjacent
to Kewstoke sands, in plenty for a few yards, July, 1881.

376. C. temulum, L.

Native ; by roadsides. Common. VI. VII.

CONIUM, L.

377. C. maculatum, L. Hemlock.

Native ; in hedges and damp waste places. Common.

G. Bank of Avon above and below Bristol. Berkeley.
St. Philip's Marsh, abundant. Thornbury. Tortworth.
Sea Mills, in plenty.

S. Ashton. Bishport. Bank of Avon opposite Sea
Mills. South Stoke. Yatton. Wells. St. Anne's
Wood. Very fine plants may be seen here in the
marshy ground by the stream. VI. VII.

SMYRNIUM, X.

378. S. Olusatrum, L. Alexanders.
Denizen ; near buildings. Rather rare.
G. Abundant on St. Vincent's Rocks.

S. Abundant on the beach at Clevedon. Pamborough.
Uphill. Roadside in Worle Village.

HEDERACE^E.
HEDERA, L.

379. H. Helix, L. Ivy.

Native ; very common everywhere. X. XI.

84 COBNACE2E.

CORNACE.E.
CORNUS, L.

380. C. sanguinea, L. Dog-wood.

Native ; in most woods and hedges. Plentiful in Leigh
Wood ; and on Clifton and Durdham Downs. VI.

FLORA OF THE BRISTOL COAL-FIELD.

ADDITIONS TO PAKTS I. AND II.

SOME discoveries have been made, and much additional informa-
tion received, since the publication of Part II. The more
important facts are given below.

Fumaria pallidiflora, Jord. a. Jordan!.

On a hedge-bank between Axbridge and Cheddar. June, 1882.
First record for this species.

Cardamine impatiem, L. has now another station in Gloucester-
shire, having been found on the border of a wood near Tort-
worth.

Sisymbrium Sophia, L. Berrow, S. June, 1880. Rev. II. P.
Murray.

Draba muralis, L. We learn that this plant grows in abundance
in East Somerset ; at Mells, Chelwood, Stone Easton, and
Horrington.

Lepidium latifolium, L. Is plentiful on a high bank by the road
side at Berrow, S. No doubt an alien here.

Sagina maritima, Don. We thought this was confined to the
coast, but Eev. R. P. Murray has gathered it on Black Down.

Rubus discolor, w. <& N. var. leucocarpus.

In an old hedge at the foot of the Mendips near Axbridge, S.
An amber-fruited blackberry. This most interesting plant
was discovered by Mr. Read, and has been described by the
Editor in Journ. of Bot., Nov., 1882. It may be noted that
prior to this discovery a white-fruited bramble had not been,
noticed in the kingdom during nearly two centuries.

86 FLORA OF THE BRISTOL COAL-FIELD.

The following aliens (with others) have been found on old
colliery debris near Kingswood, G. An account of this remarkable
colony is given in the Transactions of our Society: —

Delphinium Ajacis. Olaucium phcenicium.

Farsetia incana ? Camelina sativa.

Erysirnum orientate. Gilia capitata.

Satureia hortensis. Gypsophila muralis.

Dianthus prolifer. Saponaria Vaccaria.

Silene dichotoma. Silene noctiflora.

Trifolium supinum. Melilotus alba.

Medicago sativa. Medicago falcata.

Bupleurum rotundifolium.

We are glad to be able to announce that renewed search has
shewn that several plants which it was feared had become extinct
upon Brandon Hill are still in existence. Not only Scleranthiu
annmis, but also Montia fontana, Ornithopus perpusillus, and
Trifolium siilterraneum, have been seen at this spot during the
past year.

March, 1883.

FLORA

OF THE

BRISTOL COAL-FIELD.

EDITED (FOR THE BRISTOL NATURALISTS' SOCIETY) BY

JAMES WALTER WHITE,

Hon. Secretary of the Botanical Section.

Rerum copnoscere causas" — VIRGIL.

PART III.

COROLLIJFLORJE.

BRISTOL:
JAMES FAWN & SON.

PRINTED BY E. AUSTIN & SON CHRONICLE OFFICE, CLIFTOX.
MDCCCLXXXIII.

PHANEROGAMIA.

Class 1. J'UCOTYLKDOXES.
Div. 3. COROLL1FLORM.

LORANTHACE^E.

VISCUM, L.
381. V. album, /,. Mistletoe.

Native. Rather common, especially in orchards in North
Somerset. Parasitic upon Apple, Ash, Aspen, Elm,
Hawthorn, Pear, Poplar, and Whitebeam. III. IV.

CAPRIFOLIACE^E.
ADOXA, L.

382. A. Moschatellina, L. Moschate/.

Native ; on damp or shady hedge-banks and in woods.
Common.

G. Stoke Bishop. Valley of the Trym. Almondsbury.

8. Very abundant in St. Anne's Wood, Brislington.
Hedge-banks about Abbot's Leigh. Chevvton Meudip.
Clevedon. Farrington Gourney. Stone Kaston. ^ratton.
Wells.

When young and moist with dew it has a faint musky
smell, which gave rise to its original name. The fruit
is scarce, and difficult to find on account of the plant
being in most instances completely overgrown and
hidden under ranker vegetation before its drupes ripen.

IV. V.

90 RUBIACE-E.

SAMBUCUS, L.

383. S. EbuluS, L. Dwarf Elder. Danewort.
Denizen ; in hedges, very rare.

Gr. " Hedges on the north side of Troopers' Hill." Herb.

Dr. H. 0. Stephens. Netham, near Crew's Hole.

Swete, FL, p. 40, and Mr. W. E. Green, 1880.
S. Vobster, near Radstock. VIII.

384. S. nigra, L. Common Elder.

Native ; in hedges and woods, very common. VI.

VIBURNUM, L.

385. V. Lantana, L. Wayfaring Tree.

Native ; in hedges and thickets, common. V.

386. V. OpulllS, L. Common Guelder Rose.

Native ; in hedges in damp situations, and in moist woods,
common.

G. On both banks of the Frome at Stapleton, abundant.
Woods near Wottou-under-Edge. Shirehampton. West-
bury.

S. Leigh Wood and bank of Avon. Frequent in hedges
between Chew Magua and Dundry ; and about the
"Wild Country." Long Ashton. Max Mills. Rad-
stock. Wells. Weston-in-Gordano. Yatton. VI. VII.
LONICERA, L.

387. L. Periclymenum, L. Honeysuckle.

Native ; in copses, and hedge-rows. Very common.

VL— VIIL

RUBIACE.E.

SHERARDIA, L.

388. S. arvensis, L.

Native ; on dry banks upon the Downs, and elsewhere -r
and as a weed on cultivated land. Very common.

V.— VII,

BUBIACEJE. 91

ASPERULA, L.

389. A. cynanchica, L.

Native; on dry hills and in pastures upon limestone, rare
and local.

S. Clevedon. Very luxuriant upon Worlebmy Hill near
Weston-super-Mare. Hills near Sidcot. On Mendips
above Draycot. VI. VII.

390. A. odorata, L. Sweet Woodruff.

Native ; in damp woods, rather generally distributed.

G. Woods near Wotton-under-Edge.

S. Bishport. Churchill. Congresbury. Leigh Wood.
Coppices under Maes Knoll. Portbury. Portishead.
Wells. Weston-in-Gordano. Yatton.

Withering remarks that some old authors spell the name
" Woodderowffe " ; and that the repetition of the double
letters affords great amusement to children learning to
spell. V. VI.

GALIUM, Z.

391. G. cruciatum, With. Crosswon.

Native. Abundant in many places on the Somerset side
of the district, but scarce on the Gloucester side, and
almost absent from the near vicinity of Bristol.

G. Near Filton. Shirehampton.

S. By the river-side under Leigh Wood. Brean. Chew
Magna. Clevedon. Congresbury. Sparingly in Sandy
Lane near the Tan-pits. On both banks of the Chew
between Pensford and Stanton Drew. Abundant on
hedge-banks at Brockley and Claverham. Frequent
about Bath. Abundant at Great Elm and Buckland
Dinham. Saltford. Wells. Winscombe. V. VI.

392. G. tricorne, With.

Colonist ; in dry cornfields, rare.

92 EUBIACEJE.

G. Cornfields at Charlton, 1881. Kingswood, 1880.

Horfield, Herb. Dr. H. O. Stephens. " Cornfields at

Pucklechurch," Withering.
S. Weston-iu-Gordano. VI. — VIII.

393. G. Aparine, L. Goose-grass. " Clivers."

Native ; in hedges, bushy places, and elsewhere. A very
common weed. VI. — VIII.

394. G. verum, L.

Native ; in dry, open pastures. Abundant on the Downs
near Bristol, and common throughout the district.

VII.— IX.

395. G. Mollugo, L.

Kative ; in hedges and thickets, very common. The
variety /3. G. insubricum (Gaud.) has been gathered at
Abbot's Leigh. VII. VIII.

396. G. saxatile, L.

Native ; on heaths and dry nioory tracts. Very common
on the Downs and in similar situations about Bristol.

VI. VIII.

397. G. sylvestre, Poll. G. pusttium, Sm.

Native; on the Cheddar Cliffs, where it is plentiful. It
was said to grow on " St. Vincent's Rocks near Clifton
Turnpike" in Shiercliff's Guide for 1789 ; but we have
not seen a more recent record for that locality. VI. VII.

398. G. uliginosum, L.

Native ; in wet places, rare.

G. Near Tortworth. In the Trym valley below Westbury.

S. Ditch banks near Long Ashton. Uphill. Wells, Miss

Livett. VI. VII.

399. G. palustre, L.

Native. Very common in wet places, and generally dis-
tributed. G. Witheringii, Sin. differing only by having

VALEBIANACEJE. 93

rough edges to the leaves, is found in Shirehampton
marshes ; and in hedges near Stapleton. VI. VII.

RUBIA, L.

400. R. peregrina, L. Madder.

Native ; in woods and rocky thickets, frequent.

G. Plentiful about St. Vincent's Rocks, and Clifton

Down. "Habitat in rupe S. Vincentii, prope Bristolium."

Huds. Fl. Anglica, 1778.
S. Leigh Wood. " Wood opposite St. Vincent's Rocks,

Bristol"; Withering, 1796. Bourton. Clevedon.

Congresbury. Portishead. Walton-in-Gordano. Wells.

In the wood at Westou-super-Mare. Yatton. VI. — Vlil.

VALERIANACE^E.
CENTRANTHUS, DC.

401. C. mber, DC. Red Valerian,

Alien. Very well established in many places about Clifton
and Bristol; chiefly on old walls, as at Cornwallis
Crescent.

G. Abundant at Stapleton and Freuchay.

S. Churchill. Clevedoii ; very abundant. Wells. Weston-
super-Mare. Yattou. VI. — IX.

VALERIANA, L.

402. V. officinalis, L.

Native ; in damp shady places, ditches and marshes,
common.

G. Plentiful about Bristol. Charfield. Frenchay. Staple-
ton. Tortworth.

S. In abundance near the Avon under Leigh WTood.
Bedminster. Bishport. Clevedon. Nailsea. Wedmore.
Wells, \\inscombe. VI. VII.

94 DIPSACACE.E.

403. V. dioica, L.

Native ; in marshes and boggy meadows, frequent.

G. Marsh at the " Boiling Well." Hallen.

S. Barrow Gurney. Bedminster. Leigh Wood. Pens-
ford. Walton-in-Gordano. Wells. Boggy fields near
Winscombe.

" The male plant is always smaller and less robust, having
a more transient function to perform than the other."

V. VI.
VALERIANELLA, MoeneJt.

404. V. olitoria, Moench. Lamb's Lettuce. Corn-Salad.
Native ; on earthy banks and cultivated land. Common.

V. VI.

405. V. Auricula, DC.

Native ; very rare. We have not seen this plant growing
in our district ; but there is an undoubted specimen in
the Stephens' Herbarium from " Eastwood, Brislington ":
no date. It will surely be found again.

406. V. dentata, Dietr.

Colonist ; on hedge-banks and in cornfields, frequent.

G. In plenty under a hedge by the towing path near
Sea Mills. Horfield. Netham, Swete Fl. 42. Hen-
bury.

S. Cornfields near Abbot's Leigh, and Failand. Uphill.
VI. VIL

DIPSACACE.E.
DIPSACUS, L.

407. D. Sylvestlis, L. Wild Teasel.

Native ; on banks and by roadsides. Very common.

VHI. IX.

(D. Fullonum, L. Cultivated or Clothiers' Teasel.
Established in several places, but is not wild.
G. NearAust. Horfield.

DIPSACACE.E. 95

S. Near Dtmdiy. By Worle Hill, 1854. Herb. Jenyns.)

408. D. piloSUS, L. Shepherd's Rod. Small Teasel
Native ; in damp shady places, rather rare.

G. By the river Frome at Stapleton, sparingly in two or
three places. Combe Dingle, Mr. W. E. Green. Tort-
worth. Henbury Combe, Herb. Powell.

S. One large patch and two small ones by the railway
under Leigh Wood. Clevedon. Croscombe. Stanton
Drew, Rev. W. H. Painter. VIII.

KNAUTIA, Coult.

409. K. arvensis, Coult. Field Scabious.

Native. Very common in dry places and on arable land

throughout the cultivated portions of the district. We

have seen proliferous plants near the Black Hock

quarry, G. VII. — IX.

SCABIOSA, Z.

410. S. SUCCisa, L. Devil's Bit Scabious.

Native ; in damp meadows and rough pastures, common.
G. Clifton and Durdham Downs. Very abundant in the

peaty meadows known as Filton Meads. Mangotsfield.

Wick. Yate.
S. Plentiful by the Avon below Leigh Wood. Iii

pastures about Bishport and Dundry. Bedminster.

Clevedon. Wells. Winscombe. Yatton. VII.— IX.

411. S. Columbaria, L.

Native. Frequent on dry hills and limestone rocks.

G. St. Vincent's Rocks and bank of Avon. Hills above

Wotton-uuder- E dge.
S. Rocks under Leigh Wood. Breau Down. Cheddar;

and here sparingly with white flowers. Clevedon. On

Mendip above Draycot. Sidcot. Uphill. Wells.

Weston-super-Mare. Yatton. VII. VIII.

96 COMPOSITE.

COMPOSITE.
EUPATORIUM, L.

412. E. Cannabinum, L. Hemp Agrimony.

Native ; on the banks of streams, and in other wet places.
Common, and generally distributed. VIII. IX.

PETASITES, Gaert.

413. P. VUlgaris, Desf. Butterbur.

Native ; by the sides of streams, and in swampy ground,
frequent.

G. Bitton. Charfield. Banks of the Avon near Con-
ham. Wick.

S. By the stream under Bishport wood, plentifully.
Backwell Common. Banks of the Chew. Claverham.
Paulton. Portbury. Eadford. Wells, Miss Livett. IV.

414. P. fragrans, Presi.

An introduced species, rapidly extending its range in the
country, and now completely naturalized.

G. Several large patches on the railway embankment by
the Avon near the Great Quarry. Abundant at Fish-
ponds. In a lane near Cribbs Causeway.

S. Bourton. In Talbot Lane, close to Brislingtou.
Clevedon. In several places on the outskirts of Wells.

L II.
TUSSILAGO, L.

415. T. Farfara, L. Coltsfoot.

Native. Common everywhere on poor soil. It is the first
plant to vegetate on limestone rubble, and is therefore
always seen in abundance about the quarries near

Clifton. ni. IV.

ASTER, L.

416. A. TripoliUHl, L. Starwort.

Native ; on mud banks by the tidal waters, plentiful. The
handsome blue or lilac rayed flowers are but rarely

COMPOSITE. 97

seen, as our plants are nearly all of the discoid variety.
" Shore of the Avon, a little above the Hotwell, Bristol,
between the gravel walk and the river. Var. 2. All the
florets tubular. About Bristol, frequent. KAY." Wither-
ing, iu., 727.' 1796. VIII. IX.
ERIGERON, L.

417. E. acris, L. Fleabane.

Native ; on old walls, and in dry sandy places, rather

common.
G. St. Vincent's Rocks ; and bank of Avon below Clifton.

On walls at Stoke Bishop. Wick.
S. BerroNV. Bucklaud Dinham. Brislington. Burnham.

Leigh Down ; and bank of Avon under Leigh Wood.

Wells. Weston-super-Mare. Yatton. VII. VIII.

(E. canadensis, L. cannot be considered a Bristol plant.

Although found in the neighbourhood at intervals from

the time of Withering, it seems only to have occurred

casually ; and we believe it has not been met with

during the last forty years.)

BELLIS, L.

418. B. perennis, L. Daisy.

Native ; in pastures everywhere.

In the Stephen's Herbarium there is a specimen of what
has been called the " Hen and Chickens " daisy, bearing
seven or eight small capitula on stalks about fin. long,
which spring from the parent receptacle. It was
gathered near Clevedon by liev. G. W. Braihenridye.
SOLIDAGO, L.

419. S. Virgaurea, L. Golden Rod.

Native; on rocky or bushy banks in many places,
common. Abundant about the Downs; on St. Vincent's
Rocks ; and on the opposite side of the river.

VII.— IX.

98 COMPOSITE.

LINOSYRIS, DC.

420. L. vulgaris, Cass.

Native ; only on limestone near Weston-super-Mare.

Perhaps now extinct.

"Rocks near Birnbeck Island"; St. Brody, Fl. 156.
A specimen in the B. N. S. Herbarium labelled " Worle

Hill," no date.
" Has been observed by Dr. Wollaston on the south

western extremity of the Mendip Hills, Somersetshire."

With., ed. 7.,iii., 920, 1830.
Worle Hill, S. Sept., 1846. Herb. Powell.
Some specimens in the Jenyn's Herbarium at Bath,

gathered at Weston-super-Mare, Sept. 27, 1851. " The

spot was then being built over."
Worle Hill, Somerset; Sy. E. B.
INULA, L.

421. I. Helenium, L. Elecampane.

In moist meadows and marshes, very rare. Native in

Gloucestershire.
G. lu a remote part of the marshes between Hallen and

New Passage, where it occurs in tolerable abundance.

Mr. D. Fry. " In a pasture ground near Wick Cliffs,

Mr. Swayne." With., ed. 3, iii., 730.
S. Brislington, 1853 ; Herb. Stephens. Brook side,

Dundry ; ib. Hay Hill, one mile south of Wells, in

1850 ; at Yarley, in 1860 ; also in other spots near

Wells. Miss Livett. VII. VIII.

422. I. Conyza, DC. Ploughman's Spikenard.

Native ; on dry and limestone soils, usually in shady situa-
tions ; sometimes in sheltered sunny ones. Frequent.

G. St. Vincent's Rocks, and bank of Avon below Clifton.
Crew's Hole. Stinchcombe Hill. About Wotton-under-
Edge.

COMPOSITE. 99

S. Brean Down. Bourton. Cheddar. Clevedon. Leigh
Wood. Between Abbot's Leigh and Failand. Wells.
Yatton ; Miss Winter. VII.— IX.

PULICARIA, Gaert.

423. P. dysenterica, Gaert.

Native; in ditches and moist places by roadsides, very
common. VIII. IX.

FILAGO, L.

424. F. germanica, L. Cudweed.

Native ; in cultivated fields, and dry places, frequent.

G. Horfield. Charlton. Sea Mills. Stapleton.

S. Brean. Clevedon. Congresbury. Walton-in-Gordano.
Wells.

This is the Herba impia of old authors, so called because
the stem bearing at first a solitary terminal cluster of
flowers, produces from beneath it branches which overtop
it and bear similar clusters, as if the offspring were
undutifully exalting themselves above the parent. The
name Cudweed arose from a supposed power in this herb
to promote rumination in cattle. VII. VIII.

425. F. apiculata, G. E. Sm. F. lutescens, Jord.
" On Pennant at Stapleton." Herb. Stephens.

We have not looked out for this species ; and possibly it
has been passed over for F. germanica.

426. F. minima, Fr.

Native ; on barren sandy ground, very rare.

G. Near Hanham Mill ; Herb. Stephens. Conharn ; Mr.

G. H. K. Thwaites, in Swete, Fl. 48.
S. Brean Down ; St. Brody, Fl. Weston. This station

has not been verified.

100 COMPOSITE.

GNAPHALIUM, L.

427. G. uliginosum, L.

Native ; in wet sandy places, frequent.
G. Near Avonmouth. Dursley. Troopers' Hill.
S. Failand. Portbury. Stockwood. The Old Park near
Abbot's Leigh. Yatton. Weston-super-Mare. VII. VIII.

428. G. sylvaticum, L.

Native ; very rare.

S. In a bog at Downhead Common. Dr. H. F. Parsons.

(Antennaria dioica, Gaert. " Grows on rocks on the south
side of Breaii Down." St. Brody, FL Weston, 141.
Unconfirmed.)

ACHILLEA, L.

429. A. Ptarmica, L. Sneezewort.
Native ; in wet peaty meadows, rare.

G. Filton Meads. Between Horfield and Filton, Herb.

Stephens ; and Mr. G. H. K. Tliwaites in Sivete, FL 51.

Yate Common. Henbury. Sept., 1834. Herb. Powell.
S. Bedminster, Mr. T. B. Flower. Clevedon, Mrs.

Lainson. VII. VIII.

430. A. Millefolium, L. Yarrow. Millefoil.

Native ; in pastures and waste ground, very common.

VI.— VIII.

(A. nobilis. Some dozens of plants on a small heap of old
colliery debris near Kingswood, G. 1879 and subse-
quently.)

ANTHEMIS, L.

(A. tinctoria, L. Grows sparingly near Kingswood with
Achillea nobilis and other aliens. This species has been
found here and there in England, but not frequently,
during the last two centuries.)

COMPOSITE.

101

431. A. Cotula, L.

Colonist ; in cultivated fields and waste places, frequent.
S. Bishport. Pensford. Wells. Whitehurch. Yatton.

VII.— IX.

432. A. nobilis, L. Chamomile.

Native ? ; on commons and pastures, very rare.

G. O'n waste ground about Bristol,' as a casual. In

Tyndall's Park, 1881.
S. Wells, Miss Livett. Yatton, Miss Winter.

MATRICARIA, L.

433. M. Parthenium, L. Feverfew.

Denizen ; on old walls, and in waste ground about villages,

frequent.

G. Common about Stapleton. Conham. Hanham.
S. Bedminster. Glutton. Long Ashton. Nailsea.

Temple Cloud. Wells. WTinscombe. Yatton.
An aromatic bitter and tonic ; anciently esteemed against

hysteria, and as a febrifuge. VII. VIII.

434. M. inodora, L.

Native ; in cultivated ground and waste places, very
common. A maritime form grows on the shore of the
Bristol Channel. VII. VIII.

435. M. Chamomilla, L.

Native ; in cultivated fields, common. Florets of the ray
sometimes absent. VI. VII.

CHRYSANTHEMUM, Z.

436. C. Leucanthemum, L. Ox-eye Daisy.

Native; in meadows and pastures nearly everywhere, and
in all sorts of situations. VI. VIII.

437. C. Segetum, L. Corn-Marigold.

Colonist ; in cornfields and waste places, rare.
H

102 COMPOSITE.

G. Ashley, Mr. W. E. Green. Occasionally in cornfields
at Horfield, Swete, FL, 50. Shireharapton, Swete, ib.
Sparingly about the quarries at Stapleton.

S. Flax Bourton, Swete, ib. Cultivated land near
Weston-super-Mare. VI. — VIII.

ARTEMISIA, Z.

438, A. Absinthium, L. Wormwood.

Native ? ; on dry banks and waste ground, rare.

S. Kewstoke ; Rev. W. H. Painter. Tickenham ; Mr. W.
E. Green. One or two plants on the hill above Ticken-
ham, between Clevedon and Cadbury Camp; Mr. D.
Fry. Grows in great profusion with Nepeta Cataria on
the hill at Weston-in-Gordano ; Mr. D. Fry. VII. VIII.

439. A. VUlgaris, L. Mugwort.

Native ; on hedge-banks, and borders of fields. Bather

scarce near Bristol ; but frequent elsewhere.
G. Roadsides at Stapleton.

S. Berrow. Clevedon. Ken. Uphill. Walton-in-Gordano.

VIII.

440, A. maritima, L.

Native. Occurs plentifully in many places on the shore of
the Bristol Channel.

G. By the Severn near Berkeley. Avonmouth marshes
near the Butts.

S. Clevedon. Kingston Seymour. Woodspring. Anchor
Head, Weston-super-Mare. Under Brean Down. Burn-
ham.

We have not seen the variety p. A. Gallica, Willd.

VIII. IX.
TANACETUM, Z.

441. T. VUlgare, L. Tansy.

Native, or denizen. Common by waysides and on river-
banks.

COMPOSITE. 103

O. Abundant by the Avon from Keynsham downwards.
" This herb flourishes luxuriantly on the banks of the
Avon near Hanham and Keynsham, where Mr. F.
Russell observed boys gathering a boatload of it to
convey to Bristol for the purpose of making wine."
With. ed. 7, pub. 1830. Tortworth.

S. Bank of Avon. Clevedon. Portishead. Wells. Yatton.

The peculiar strong scent of this plant is well known. It
has served to give flavour to a kind of rich pudding
formerly to be seen at Corporation feasts, but now
become obsolete in England. VIII.

("Doronicum Pardalianches, L. Leopard's -bane. Lane in
Bourton, leading to the Combe ; Miss Winter. Glen
Frome, Stapleton. Alien. Introduced.)

SENECIO, L.

442. S. VUlgaris, L. Groundsel

Native ; a common weed everywhere. I. — XII.

443. S. sylvaticus, L.

Native ; on dry banks, frequent.

G. Crew's Hole. Hanham. Stoke Lane. Yate Com-
mon. Mangotsfield.
S. Clevedon. Leigh Woods. Near Edington.

VII. VIII.

444. S. viscosus, L.

Perhaps casual only with us ; on waste ground, rare.

Reported by two observers from Clevedon. Mrs. Lainson
sends a specimen gathered some years ago on Court
Hill, on the side of the valley opposite to Bella Vista.
The spot has since been disturbed by quarrying. On
the Portishead Railway ; Eev. W. Painter.

445. S. erucifolius, L.

Native ; chiefly on ditch-banks in the lowlands, frequent.

104 COMPOSITE.

G. Bank of Avon. Avonmouth. St. Philip's Marsh.

S. Berrow. Clevedon. Portbury. Portishead. Com-
mon to the south of Wells ; Miss Ldvett. Weston-
super-Mare, where it often lacks the raj. VII. VIII.

446. S. Jacobaea, L. Common Ragwort.

Native; in waste places and by roadsides. Very common
and generally distributed. Plants wanting the ray were
seen at Worle, S,, July 1880. VII.— IX.

447. S. aquaticus, Huds.

Native ; in marshy places, frequent.

G. By the river between Charfield and Tortworth. Filton
Meads. Valley of the Trym below Westbury. Hen-
bury.

S. Ditches under Brent Knoll. Clevedon. Nailsea
Moor. Pensford. Portbury. Ditches south of Wed-
more. Wells. Whitchurch. Winscombe. VII. VIII.

448. S. saracenicus, L.

Alien. Plstablished in Somerset for a century at least.

S. " Between Wells and Glastonbury ; near Sheptou
Mallet ; and other places in Somersetshire." With,
ed. 8, iii. 726. 1790. "A large patch in a stream
running by the road from Wells to Shepton Mallet, near
the village of Croscombe. It has been known there for
very many years " Miss Livett. VIII.

BIDENS, L.

449. B. tripartita, L.

Native ; in wet or marshy places, frequent.

G. Crew's Hole ; Bank of Frorne, Stapleton ; Herb.
Stephens. St. Philip's Marsh. Yate.

S. Burnham. Clevedon. Nailsea Moor. Paulton. Port-
bury. Wells. VII. VEL

COMPOSITE. 105

450. B. cernua, L.

Native ; in watery places, frequent on the moors.

G. Stapleton ; and Hanham ; Mr. T. B. Flower. We do

not know that either this or B. tripartita has been found

recently in these localities.
S. Marsh ditches" near Draycot, Burnham, Tickenham,

Wedmore, Wells, and Yatton ; abundant in some of

them. VII. VIII.

CARLINA, Z.

451. C. vulgaris, L.

Native ; scattered over downs, hilly pastures, and heaths,
common.

Acauliue plants are frequent on the Mendips. " Dying,
it does not soon decay, for the leaves and even flowers
•which are of the nature of an Everlasting, battered and
bleached, stand many a wintry storm." SirJ. E. Smith.

VII.— IX.

AROTIUM, L.

452. A. majUS, Schk. Greater Burdock.

Native ; by roadsides and in waste places. Common, but
not so abundant as the next species. VIII.

453. A. minus, Schk. Lesser Burdock.

Native ; in waste places, very common. VIII.

454. A. intermedium, Lange.

Native ; in waste places.

This is apparently common enough, but we have constantly
found great difficult}^ in distinguishing it from A. minus,
and cannot therefore indicate its distribution. We are
decidedly inclined to agree with Mr. Watson in con-
sidering it to be a variety of A. minus.

106 COMPOSITE.

SERRATULA, Z.

455. S. tinctoria, L.

Native ; in bushy places on limestone, and in peaty

meadows, frequent.
G. Wooded slopes on Durdham Down near the Gully, in

plenty. Filton Meads. Crew's Hole; I)r. H. O.

Steiihens. Blaize Castle Woods.
S. Bank of Avon under Leigh Wood. Hutton. Milton.

Sandford. Woods near Wells. Weston-in-Gordano.

Woiiebury Hill. Yatton. VHI.

CENTAUREA, L.

456. C. nigra, L.

Native ; in meadows and pastures, very common.
C. decipiens, Thuill., has been observed on St. Vincent's
Rocks ; at Nailsea ; and near Clevedon. VI. — IX.

457. C. Cyanus, L. Corn Bhie-lottle.

Colonist ; in cornfields, and on the borders of cultivated

land, rare.
G. Horfield ; St. Vincent's Rocks ; Sivete, Fl. 47.

Sparingly at Kingswood.
S. Cornfield between Abbot's Leigh and Failand. Rarely

at Wells ; Mi-ss Livett. Yatton ; Miss Winter.

VI.— VIIL

458. C. SCabiosa, L. Great Knap-weed.

Native ; on the borders of fields, and in dry waste places,
very common. The variety with white flowers is
constant on St. Vincent's Rocks ; and on the Dial Hill,
Clevedon. VII.— IX.

(C. paniculata, L. and C. melitensis, L. Aliens on old
colliery debris near Kingswood, G.)

COMPOSITE. 107

ONOPORDUM, L.

459. 0. Acanthium, L. Cotton Thistle.

Alien or casual. Very rare. We have not seen an example.

S. Sand hills at Berrow ; Miss Livett, and New Botanists'
Guide. " Rare at Weston-super-Mare. Grows in waste
places near Sand Point." St. Brocly, Fl. Weston.
CARDUUS, L.

460. C. nutans, L. Musk Thistle.

Native, in waste places, particularly on limestone, rather
common.

G. Clifton and Durdham Downs. Kingswood. Stinch-
combe hill.

S. Leigh Down ; some plants here with white flowers,
July, 1880. Brean. Cheddar. Dolbery Camp. Clevedon.
Loxton. Walton-by-Clevedon. Wells. Weston-super-
Mare. Yatton. VI.— VIII.

461. C. ClispUS, L. including C. acanthoides, L.

Native ; on banks, and by roadsides, common about Bristol.

VL— vm.

462. C. tenuiflorus, Curt.

Native ; in submaritime habitats. Locally common by the
Avon below Bristol, and on the shore of the Bristol
Channel. VI.— Vm.

463. C. lanceolatUS, L. Spear Thistle.

Native ; very common everywhere. VII. VIH.

464. C. eriophorus, L. Woolly-headed Thistle.

Native ; in dry pastures on limestone, frequent in Somer-
set. A strikingly handsome plant when well grown.

S. Buckland Dinham. Between Bishport and Dundry.
Between Glutton and Stowey. Combe Hay. Hutton.
Lansdown. Loxton. Plentifully at Kbbor, near Wells;
Miss Livett. Westou - in - Gordano. South Stoke.
Stockwood. Worlebury Hill. Yandy Lane. VIII.

108 COMPOSITE.

465. C. arvensis, Curt. Creeping Thistle.

Native; in cultivated fields and waste places. Very
common and generally distributed. A most troublesome
weed. Vn. VIII.

466. C. palustris, L. Marsh Thistle.

Native ; in meadows and marshes ; sometimes also on
high, dry ground. Very common. VII VIII.

467. C. pratensis, Huds.

Native ; only in peaty meadows, locally plentiful.
G. Filton Meads. Patch way. Yate Common. Alveston.
S. Fields near the reservoirs at Barrow Gurney. Wins-
combe. Wells. Yatton. VI.— VHI.

468. C. acaulis, L.

Native ; in dry limestone pastures, rather common on the
Downs near Bristol.

C. dubius, Willd., and C. Gibsoni, are caulescent states of
this plant ; sometimes found in similar situations. See
Swete, Fl. 46. These may in some cases be hybrids
between this species and C. arvensis. VII. — IX.

SILYBUM, Gaert.

469. S. Marianum, Gaert.

Alien ; in waste ground, and dry pastures, rare.

G. Horfield. Mr. W. E. Green. Some magnificent

plants on a seabank by the Channel, between New

Passage and Avonmouth, 1880.
S. Permanent on Brean Down. Banks of the Axe;

Mr. T. F. Perkins. Yatton ; Miss Winter. VI. VII.

LAPSANA, L.

470. L. communis, L.

Native ; in cultivated and waste ground. Very common.

VII. VIII.

COMPOSITE. 109

CICHORIUM, L.

471. C. Intybus, L. Chicory.

Native ; in fields and waste places, rather scarce about
Bristol except towards the South.

G. Hanham. Henbury.

S. Bishport. Keynsham. Knowle. Portbury. Portishead.
Milton. Walton-by-Clevedon. Weston-in-Gordano. Spar-
ingly near Wells. Whitchurch. Yatton. VII. VIII.

HYPOCHCERIS, L.

472. H. radicata, L.

Native ; in fields and waste places. Very common. VII.
THRINCIA, Roth.

473. T. hirta, DC.

Native ; on stony banks, and in dry places, frequent.

G. Clifton and Durdham Downs, and underneath by the

Avon. Crew's Hole.
S. Burnham. Clevedon. Wells. Weston-super-Mare.

VH. vni.

LEONTODON, L.

474. L. hispidum, L.

Native ; in dry places, as on St. Vincent's Rocks, rather
common. VI. — VIII.

475. L. autumnale, L.

Native ; in dry pastures, very common everywhere.

VII.— IX.
TRAGOPOGON, L.

476. T. minor, Fries. Goatsbeard.

Native ; in pastures, common. VI. VII.

477. T. pratensis, L.

Native ; in meadows and pastures, not so frequent as the
preceding.

110 COMPOSITE.

G. Horfield. Patchway. Fishponds. Sea Mills.

S. Clevedon. Stockwood. Tickenham. Uphill. Wells,
Whitchurch. Yatton.

Prof. Babington is almost alone in considering this plant
to be specifically distinct from the last. It is hardly
possible to draw a satisfactory line between them, as
they differ only by the relative length of florets and
phyllaries ; and although when growing this character is
easily determined, in herbarium specimens the relative
length depends partly on the age of the head when
pressed, and partly on the degree of pressure used in
drying the plants. VI. YTI.

478. T. porrifolius, L. Salsify.

Possibly native with us, though introduced in many of its
stations in this country. It was first recorded as a
Bristol plant by Mr. Sowerby, who towards the end of
the last century gathered the specimen figured in
English Botany " in the meadows below St. Vincent's
Rocks, Bristol." Dr. Dyer also appears to have gathered
it in 1805, and it is included by Mr. Rootsey in a list of
Bristol plants, publ. 1828. Swete in 185 A considered
the habitat to be then lost. Fl. 43. However, many
years later, and after the construction of the A von mouth
Railway, which must have thoroughly disturbed the soil,
the plant reappeared in a spot under Cook's Folly, which
without doubt corresponds with Sowerby's station. It
would have been the nearest bit of meadow land below
St. Vincent's Rocks. We first saw it there in 1878,
and have found it every season since, but only in small
quantity.

One is tempted to ask if this can be an instance of the
well-attested and marvellous property possessed by many
seeds of retaining their vitality under conditions adverse

COMPOSITE. Ill

to germination, until eventually they become exposed to
air and sunlight. We certainly think it highly improb-
able that this Tragopogon has been re-introduced at the
very spot where it originally grew, especially as it has
not been found anywhere else in the Bristol district.

PICRIS, L.

479. P. hieracioides, L.

Native; on dry rocky banks on limestone, locally common.
G. St. Vincent's Rocks, and slopes under the Downs.

Kings weston.
S. Buckland Diuham. Plentiful about the Cheddar

Cliffs. Clevedon. Wells. Whitchurch. Yatton.

vn.— ix.

HELMINTHIA, Juss.

480. H. echioideS, Gaert. Ox-tongue.

Native ; in waste places in the lowlands, chiefly in sub-
maritime situations.

G. Bank of Avon below Bristol. Conham. Syston.
Abundant by the Severn near Berkeley. Shirehampton.

S. Clevedon. Plentiful about Portbury, Portishead, and
Weston-super-Mare. Highbridge. South Brent. Whit-
church. Yatton. VII.— IX.

LAOTUCA, L.

(L. saligna, L. A single specimen at Weston-super-Marer
1868. Dr. H. 0. Stephens.)

481. L. virosa, L. Acrid Lettuce.

" Pathway leading to Giant's Hole, St. Vincent's Rocks.""
Swete, Fl. 44. " I have gathered this plant in the path
leading to the Giant's Hole, St. Vincent's Rocks ; but
the station has long since been destroyed. I have not
seen it since the summer of 1353." Mr. T. B. Flower -f
Feb. 1883.

112 COMPOSITE.

It would not be surprising if this Lettuce were indigenous
on St. Vincent's Rocks ; and no one can say that it is
not still existing on one or more of the ledges overlooking
the Avon. Or can it, — together with the many other
herbs, medicinal and culinary, which abound upon the
rocks, — trace its descent to the herb-garden of the
legendary anchorite whose hermitage was in the cave
called " Giant's Hole ' ?

482. L. muralis, DC.

Native ; on rocky banks and old walls, frequent.

G. St. Vincent's Rocks, and banlj of Avon. Old walls
about Clifton and Redland.

S. Rocks and walls about Leigh Wood, Abbot's Leigh,
and bank of Avon. Clapton. Clevedon. Croscombe
and Emborrow near Wells. Yatton. VII.

TARAXACUM, Juss.

483. T. Officinale, Wigg. Dandelion.

Native ; in waste or cultivated ground everywhere. Uni-
versally distributed. III. — X.
SONCHUS, L.

484. S. oleraceus, L. SuwtUstie.

Native ; in borders of fields and waste places, very common.

V.— IX.

485. S. asper, Hoffm. Sowthistu.

Native ; with the last, and as common. V. — IX.

486. S. arvensis, L. Com Sowthistie.

Native ; in cornfields and damp waste ground, common.

vin. ix.

(8. palustris, L. Bank of Avon at Crew's Hole, and
Conham ; Dr. Stephens in Swete, Fl. 44. Reported to
us also from the same locality ; but there is no doubt
that a tall and luxuriant form of S. arvensis which

COMPOSITE. 113

occurs in marshes and on ditch-banks has been mistaken
for this species. " Dr. H. 0. Stephens informed me he
had mistaken some other plant for Sonchm palustris ;
consequently it must be expunged from the Bristol
Flora." Mr. T. B. Flower, Feb. 1883.)

CREPIS, L.

487. C. taraxacifolia, Timii.

Colonist ; in cultivated laud, and waste spots, rare.

G. In a cultivated field at Filton ; 1882. Kingswood ;

Dr. Hasse.
S. Dial Hill, Clevedon ; Mr. W. E. Green. Mrs.Laimon.

Mr. D. Fry. VI. VII.

(C. setosa, Hall. Casual in fields at Westbury-on-Trym ;
Mr. W. E. Green.)

488. C. virens, L.

Native ; in dry waste places, very common. VI. — IX.
HIERACIUM, L.

489. H. Pilosella, L.

Native ; in dry exposed sunny places, nearly everywhere.

V.— VIII.

(H. aurantiacum, L. Alien on old walls. Near Richmond
Hill, Clifton ; and at Clevedon, Yatton, and Milton.

A plant long known in gardens, and until recently retaining
the old name recorded in Gerarde of " Grim the Collier,"
in allusion to the smutty effect of the black glandular
hairs which invest the stalks and calyx.)

490. H. murorum, L.

Native ; on the Cheddar Cliffs.

Although this is named H. murorum by Dr. Boswell, and
Mr. Backhouse ; it is likewise the H. casium of Fries,
Babington, and others : clearly indicating that there can

114 COMPOSITE.

be next to nothing to separate these so-called species.
The two are said to differ in colour of styles and thick-
ness of leaves ; but good botanists aver that the former
character is variable in the same plant from year to year.

V. VI.

491. H. vulgatum, Fr.

Native ; on walls and banks in and about Bristol and

Clifton, common.
H. maculatum, Sm., is a variety or sub-species differing

slightly from H. vulgatum in its leaves and inflorescence.

vn.— ix.

(H. gotliicum, Fr. Leigh woods and St. Vincent's Kocks.
Swete Fl. 45. We cannot find that this has been
gathered since Swete's time. Perhaps Dr. Stephens'
plants were misnamed.)

492. H. tridentatum, Fr.

Native. Very rare.

G. Crew's Hole, and Redland ; Herb. Stephens.

S. Cheddar ; Eev. E. P. Murray.

493. H. umbellatum, L.

Native. Very rare.

G. Sparingly on Yate Common, Aug. 1882.
It is not uncommon on the peat moors just south of the
district.

494. H. boreale, Fr.

Native ; on rocky banks and old walls, rare.

G. Glen Frome ; bank between Crew's Hole and Hanham ;

Swete, Fl. 45. On several old walls at Stoke Bishop.

Stapleton ; Herb. Stephens.
S. Plentiful about the Portishead Railway, under Leigh

Wood. VIH. IX.

CAMPANULACE-E. 115

(Rudbeckia laciniata, L. Casual. A native of North
America, from the Gulf of Mexico to Canada. About a
dozen stems growing up through a low thorn hedge by
the roadside near Portbury, S., Aug. 18, 1880. See
Journ. of Bot., April, 1811.)

(Grindelia squarrosa. Casual. Sparingly on old colliery
debris near Kingswood, G.

CAMPANULACE^E.
CAMPANULA, L.

495. C. glomerata, L. Clustered Bell flower.
Native ; in dry hilly pastures, rare.

G. Hills above Wotton-under-Edge. With white flowers
at Wick Rocks ; Dr. Stephens.

S. Charlcombe. Cheddar. Lansdown, on the brow of
the hill going up from Kelston ; and also on the slopes
above North Stoke, where it is more abundant and
luxuriant ; Mr. D. Fry. VII. VIII.

496. C. latifolia, L.

Native ? A few plants are still in Glen Frome, Stapleton,
from whence there is a specimen in the Stephens
Herbarium dated 1843. In 1878, after much search,
we found the place, and the plant growing sparingly in
a stony part of the wood near the river.

497. C. Trachelium, L. Nettle-leaved Bell flower.

Native ; in hedges and bushy places, chiefly on limestone,

locally common.
G. Stinchcombe Hill. Wotton-under-Edge. Blaize

Castle Woods ; Herb. Powell.
S. Bourton Combe. Cheddar Cliffs. With pure white

flowers at Congresbury, where the ordinary form also

grows. Draycot. Sparingly in hedges at Failand.

116 CAMPANULACE^.

Bank of Avon under Leigh Wood ; Dr. Rogers in Swete,
Fl. 5 1 ; still there in small quantity, 1879. Portbury.
Tickenham. Loxton, in abundance. Frequent in
hedges about Wells. Weston-in-Gordano. Yatton.

VII. VIII.

(C. rapunculoides, L. Bank of Avon, near St. Anne's
Wood; Mr. J. Foster in Swete t Fl. 100. Hedge at
Sand, S. ; Mr. T. F. Perkins. Escapes from gardens.)

(C. persicifolia, L. Near coppice wood at Hutton ; St.
Brody, Fl. Weston, 117. An escape.)

498. C. rotimdifblia, L. Hare-bell.

Native ; in dry pastures, common on the Downs. It is
very rarely found with white flowers ; but we saw some
on Mendip above Draycot in August, 1881. VII. VIII.

499. C. patula, L.

Native ; very rare.

G. Wood on the Downend side of Glen Frome ; Oldbury

Court Woods ; Mr. G. H. K. Thwaites, in Swete, Fl. 51.

Stapleton ; Herb. Stephens. These records probably

refer to the same spot.
S. West Harptree ; Herb. Stephens.
Mr. T. B. Flower says that both he and Mr. Thwaites

used to gather this plant in Glen Frome, and he

believes it to be there still. We have not been fortunate

enough to find the spot.

SPECULARIA, Heist.

500. S. hybrida, A. DC.

Colonist ; in cultivated fields, very rare.

G. Lawrence Weston ; Miss Powell, Swete, Fl. 52.

S. Near Clevedon ! ; Mi-ss Whiter, Mr. D. Fry, Mr. W.

E. Green, and Herb. Powell. Weston -super-Mare, St.

Brody. VII. VIII.

ERICACE^!. 117

ERICACEAE.

(Andromeda polifolia, L., has been included in a pub-
lished list of Mendip plants, but in error. No specimen
exists. We have seen it from the peat of Sbapwick
Moor, just south of the district.)

CALLUNA, L.

501. C. VUlgaris, Salisb. Lincj.

Native ; on heaths, and commons, very common.
We have frequently noticed it with white flowers on Yate
Common, G. VI.— VIII.

ERICA, L.

502. E. Tetralix, L.

Native ; on damp and boggy heaths and commons.
Rather rare, and local.

G. Durdham Down ; Stapleton ; Swete, Fl. 52. Durd-
ham Down, June 10, 1868; Rev. W. W. Spicer.
Formerly on Durdham Down ; Mr. T. B. Flower.

S. Plentiful on Black Down, where the white flowered
variety is rather frequent. Bog on Mendip near
Priddy. Near Wells. Leigh Wood. Mr. T. B.
Flower.

We cannot now find this heath on Durdbara Down, or in
Leigh Wood. Building operations and other encroach-
ments must have long since destroyed it in the immediate
neighbourhood of Bristol. VII. VIII.

503. E. cinerea, L.

Native ; on dry commons and heaths, common.

We have seen it with white flowers on Black Down, S.

VII. VIII.

(E. vayans, L. Planted on Court Hill, Clevedon ; with
Cotoueaster, &c.)

I

118 AQUIFOLIACEJE. — OLEACE^J.

VACCINIUM, L.

504. V. MyrtilluS, L. Bilberry.

Native ; on moors and heaths, rare and local.

G. Oldbury Court Woods ; Mr. G. H. K. Thivaites, Swete,

FL. 52. "Hills about Stapleton"; Dr. Stephens.
S. Leigh Wood ; Mr. Thwaites, ib. Court Hill, Clevedon ;

Mrs. Lainson. Abundant on Black Down.

(V. Vitis-idaa, L. Leigh Wood, S. Bot. Guide. Un-
confirmed.)

PYROLA, L.

505. P. media, Sw.

" Woodmancote, near Dursley, G. July, 1846"; Herb.
Stephens.

506. P. minor, L.

Woodmancote, with the last ; Herb. Stephens.
MONOTROPA, L.

507. M. Hypopitys, L.

Native ; under beech trees, very rare.
S. Leigh Wood; Shier cliff's List, 1789. Dr. Stephens.
In Brockley Combe, nearly every summer. VII. VJII.

AQUIFOLIACE^E.
ILEX, Z.

508. I. Aquifolium, L. Holly.

Native ; in woods, hedges, and combes, very common.

VI.— VIII.

OLEACE^E.
LIGUSTRUM, L.

509. L. vulgare, L. Privet.

Native ; in hedges and thickets, rather common. VI. VII.

APOCYNACE.E. — GENTIANACEJE. 119

FRAXINUS, L.

510. F. excelsior, L. Ash.

Native ; in woods and hedges, very common. IV. V.

APOCYNACE.E.
VINCA, L.

511. V. major, L. Greater Periwinkle.
Alien ; sometimes naturalized, frequent.
G. Blaize Castle. Horfield.

S. Hedges at Stockwood. Portbury. Woodspring.
Yatton. IV. V.

512. V. minor, L. Lesser Periwinkle.

Alien, or denizen. Frequently with the last, and both
are often escapes from gardens.

G. Blaize Castle. Horfield.

S. Bishport. Clevedon. Congresbury. Hedges about
Goblin Combe. Walton-in-Gordano. In a wood near
Wells. Yatton. V. VI.

GENTIANACE^:.
CHLORA, L.

513. C. perfoliata, L.

Native ; frequent on the limestone, and wherever the Bee

Orchis grows there will be Chlora.
G. St. Vincent's Rocks, and bank of Avon under the

Downs. Henbury.
S. Clevedon. Congresbury. Great Elm. Easton.

Walton-in-Gordano. Leigh Wood, and bank of Avon.

VII. -IX.

120 GENTIANACE^E.

ERYTHR/EA, Eenealm.

514. E. pulchella, Fries.

Native ; on sandy ground near the channel, locally plentiful,

S. In many places between Weston-super-Mare and

Burnham. VII.— IX.

515. E. Centaurium, Pers. Centaury.

Native ; in dry pastures, such as the Downs near Bristol,
common. VII. VIII.

GENTIANA, Z.

516. G. Amarella, L.

Native ; in dry pastures on limestone, frequent.

G. Clifton Down near the Avon. Pur Down. Wick

Rocks. Stinchcombe Hill, some plants with white

flowers.
S. Plentiful on Leigh Down, W7here it was known to

Withering. Barrow Hill, near Buckland Dinham.

Castle Hill, Clevedon. Uphill. Above Ebbor Gorge

near Wells. VIII. IX.

(G. campestris, L. Sicete, Fl. 53. This is an error. Miss
Attwood informed Mr. Flower that she had mistaken
G. Amarella for this species. Wo believe that to the
present time all the reports of the occurrence of this
plant in the Bristol district are erroneous.)

MENYANTHES, Z.

517. M. trifoliata, L. Buck Bean.

Native ; in swamps and boggy pools, rare.

S. Sparingly in Leigh Wood, near the Keeper's Lodge ;
the only station near Bristol. Jn tolerable abundance
in Max bog near Winscombe. In bogs on Mendip.
The late Rev. G. W. Braikenridge mentions this in his

CONVOLVULACEJE. — BOEAGINACE^}. 121

list as occurring at Tickenham ; we have never found
it there. Reported also to grow formerly in a boggy
spot between Portishead and Clevedon. V. VII.

COXVOLVULACE^E.
CONVOLVULUS, L.

518. C. arvensis, L.

Native ; in fields and on dry hedge-banks, very common.

VI. VIIL

519. C. sepium, L.

Native; in hedges and thickets, and on cultivated land,
common. VII. VIIL

520. C. Soldanella, L.

Native : on the sandy shore of the Bristol Channel.
S. On the sands north and south of Weston-super-Mare ;
abundant on Brean Sands. VII. VIIL

CUSCUTA, L.

521. C. europaea, L. Greater Dodder.

Verv rare. On clover in a field at Pill. Sept., 1881.

BORAGINACE^E.

( Echinospermum Lcqtpula, Lelim., has grown for some
years on old colliery debris near Kingswood, G.)

(" The Asperugo procumbens, L., grows at Frenchay, also
near the Cherry Orchard below Westbury ; and I have
occasionally found a little at Redland." Mr. Eootsey to
Mr. T. B. Flower, June 9, 1851. We think it has not
been found since.)

CYNOGLOSSUM, L.
522. C. officinale, L. Hounds-tongue.

Native; in barren waste ground, frequent.

122 BORAGINACE.E.

G. Mangotsfield. New Passage. Stapleton.

S. Beggar's Bush Lane. Bishport. Brislington. Most
abundant on the sands between Brean and Burnham.
Near Cadbury Camp. Churchill. Clevedon. Leigh
Down. Walton Down. Kewstoke, near Weston-
super-Mare. VI. VII.

BORAGO, L.

523. B. Offitinalis, L. Borage.

Alien ; in waste places. Rare, and grows sparingly

wherever it occurs.

G. St. Vincent's Rocks. Stapleton, and Westbury ;

Swete, Fl. 65.

S. Ashton. Bedminster. Clevedon. Easton. Weston-

super-Mare. Wookey. VI. VII.

ANCHUSA, Z.

(A. officinalis, L. In the herbarium of the late Miss
Powell there is a specimen gathered at Clevedon iu
July, 1839, by Miss E. Braikenridge.)

524. A. sempervirens, L.

Denizen, or alien ; in waste spots and on hedge-banks, rare.
G. By the roadside near houses at Combe Glen, and in

hedges bordering fields close by ; noticed here first in

1868. Frenchay ; Herb. Stephens. Between Hambrook

and Mangotsfield ; Herb. Powell.
S. Near Clevedon. Occasionally by roadsides about

Wells ; Miss Limit. V.— VIL

LYCOPSIS, L.

525. L. arvensis, L.

Native, or denizen ; on cultivated and waste ground,

frequent.
G. Downend. Stapleton, and Westbury ; Swete, Fl. 65.

BORAGUNACE.E. 123

S. Near Brean Down. Burnharn. Sparingly on Kew-
stoke Sands. Cornfield near Abbot's Leigh. Brislington ;
Herb. Stephens. Wells. VI. VII.

SYMPHYTUM, L.

526. S. Officinale, L. Comfrey.

Native; in damp fields, and on ditch-banks, common.

V. VI.

(8. orientale and other species are occasionally found, but
are not native.)

ECHIUM, L.

527. E. vulgare, L.

Native ; in dry places, frequent.

G. Dursley. Horfield. Kingswood. Sea Mills. Stapleton.
Wick Rocks. Hills above Wotton-under-Edge.

S. About Bath, in several places. Burnham. Clevedon.
Congresbury. Button . Walton-by-Clevedon. Weston-
in-Gordano. Wrington. VI. VII.

LITHOSPERMUM, L.

528. L. officinale, L.

Native ; in shady and stony places, frequent.

G. Bank of Avon near the Black Rock, and lower down
the river. Damory Bridge. Bushy places about Combe
Down, and in the Trym Valley. Horfield. Stapleton,
Lawrence Weston.

S. Bank of Avon under Leigh Wood. Brockley Combe.
Near Cadbury Camp. Churchill. Congresbury. Cleve-
don. Tickenham. Walton Down. Weston-in-Gordano.
Weston-super-Mare. Wells. VI. VIII.

529. L. purpureo-caeruleum, L.

Native ; in woods and thickets on limestone, local.
S. In many places at Congresbury, and in King's Wood,
near Yatton. Button. Sandford Hill. South Brent.

124 BORAGINACE^l.

Wood on Mendip near Wells. Weston-in-Gordano.
Cleeve Wood ; Herb. Stephens. Wood between Cheddar
and Axb ridge, June 1, 183] ; Herb. Bristol Museum.

V. VI.

530. L. arvense, L.

Colonist; in cornfields, rare.

G. Bitton. Montpelier. Westbury. Lawrence Weston ;

Herb. Powell.
S. Chew Magna. Easton. Uphill. Winscombe.

V.— VII.

MYOSOTIS, L.

531. M. palustris, With. Forget-me-not.

Native ; in wet places, frequent. VI. — VTTT.

532. M. repens, Don.

Native ; in wet places, rather common.
G. Glen Frome. Valley of the Trym. Filton Meads.
S. Clevedon. Nailsea Moor, and about Yatton. Ditches
near Long Ashton, and Bourton. Bedminster Meads.

vi.— vin.

533. M. caespitosa, Schuitz.

Native ; in damp woods and meadows, rather common.
G. Berkeley. Chaiiton. Mangotsfield. Patchway.

Shirehampton. Lawrence Weston. Stoke Bishop.
S. Bedminster. Burnham. Portbury. Wells. Yatton.

vi.— vm.

(M. sylvatica, Ehrh. " Frequent in woods and shady
places." Swete, Fl. 64. We think this must be an
error ; as we have not found the plant anywhere near
Bristol.)

534. M. arvensis, Lekm.

Native ; in cultivated and waste land, very common.
The var. umbrosa occurs frequently. VI. — VIH.

SOLANACEJK. 125

535. M. collina, Hoffm.

Native ; on dry turfy or rocky banks, and on walls, common.

G. St. Vincent's Hocks, and rocks under Durdham Down
near the quarries. Almondsbury Hill, and very luxuriant
on old shaded walls in the village. Brandon Hill. Combe
Down. Penpole Point. Siston. Stapleton. Charlton.

S. Brean Down. Burnham. Cheddar. Clevedon. Cleeve
Toot. Portishead. Stone Easton. Wells. IV. V.

536. M. versicolor, Reich.

Native ; in dry places, frequent.

G. Berkeley. Dursley. With flowers at first white at

Damory Bridge. Man got sfi eld. Westbury-on-Trym.
S. Ebbor and Pen Hill, near Wells. Bedminster Down.

Abbot's Leigh. Portishead. Wraxall. Yatton. V.— VII.

SOLANACE.E.
SOLANUM, L.

537. S. nigrum, L. Black Nightshade.

Native ; in cultivated ground and waste places, frequent.

G. Almondsbury. Downeud. Durdham Down. Hanham.
Sea Mills. Stapleton. Stoke Bishop.

S. Berrow. Brean. Brislington. Clevedon. Kewstoke.
Kuowle. In many places on the peat at the southern
limit of the district. VII.— IX.

538. S. Dulcamara, L. Woody Nightshade.

Native ; in hedges and thickets, common. VI. VII.

ATROPA, L.

539. A. Belladonna, L. Deadly Nightshade.
Native, or denizen, very rare.

126 SOLANACE^:.

G. It was formerly abundant about Stinchcombe Hill;
and customarily gathered there in quantity for pharma-
ceutical purposes. As recently as 1868, 83£ pounds of
the fresh herb were forwarded in one consignment to a
chemist's laboratory in Clifton ; yet in July, 1880, when
the Botanical Section B. N. S. made an excursion to the
spot, the joint search of the party during an afternoon
resulted in the discovery of only three plants. Frequent
on the wooded hills near Wotton-under-Edge, on the
eastern limit of the district. Casually on the railway
embankment near Stapleton Road Station.

This is perhaps the most dangerous British plant. The
fruit is tempting in appearance, sweetish, and without
any remarkable or repulsive flavour, so that children
and others have often eaten it, and even a single berry
is said to have proved fatal. VI. — VIII.

HYOSCYAMUS, L.

540. H. niger, L. Henbane.

Native ; in waste places, preferring submaritime situations ;
permanent in one or two spots near the Bristol Channel ;
elsewhere its occurrence and recurrence are rare and
uncertain.

G. On a beach between Avonmouth and New Passage.
Shirebampton ; two plants, July, 1880.

S. Brean Down and shore of Bridgwater Bay. Portis-
head. Walton Hill, Clevedon. One plant on waste
ground at Weston-super-Mare, July, 1880. Three or
four plants in 1881 on a shingly beach near the Rifle
Butts at Clevedon ; none in 1 882, though searched for
repeatedly; Mr. D. Fry. Occasionally about Wells;
Miss Livett. VI.— VIII.

OEOBANCHACE^J.
LYCIUM, L.

541. L. barbarum, L.

Alien ; quite naturalized in hedges and waste places.

G. In plenty by the Severn at Berkeley.

S. Abundant about Kewstoke, Milton, and Brean.

VI.— VI II.
DATURA, L.

542. D. Stramonium, L. Thorn-apple.

Casual ; on waste ground, rare.

G. Pilning. Redland. Shirehampton. " Dunghills ; "
Herb. Stephens. VI. VII.

OROBANCHACE^E.
OROBANCHE, Z.

543. 0. Rapum, Timiii.

Native ; parasitical on furze, very rare.

G. On furze bushes near Cook's Folly ; Mr. T. B. Flower.

S. On furze at Easton. Miss Livett.

544. 0. Caryophyllacea, Sm. Clove-scented Broomrape.
There are specimens of this rare species in the herbarium

of the late Miss Powell, gathered by her in a bean field
near Charlton, Sept. 4, 1845. The notes attached to
them do not say upon what herb these plants were
growing. There is no doubt they were correctly named.

545. 0. elatior, Sutt.

St. Vincent's Rocks; Sicete, Fl. 59.

In a field near Clevedon Beach, Aug., 1834 ; Herb. Powell.

546. 0. Hederae, Duly.

Native ; parasitical on ivy, frequent.

G. Plentiful on St. Vincent's Rocks. Steep bank below

Sea Mills.
S. Brean Down. Clevedon. Yatton. VI. VIL

128 SCBOPHULARIACEJB.

547. 0. minor, Swtt.

Native ; parasitical upon herbaceous plants, frequent.

G. On Geranium rotundifolium at Stapleton. Penpole,

St. Vincent's Rocks, and Westbury ; Swete, FL 59. •
S. Brislington. On clover at Ebbor; Miss Livett. Walton

by Clevedon, in profusion; Mr. D. Fry. Portishead.

Yatton.
Upon Trifolium repens on Brean Sands. Upon Ononis

arvensis at Brean Down. VI. VII.

LATHR>EA, L.

548. L. squamaria, L. Tootkwort.

Native ; in woods and thickets, frequent.

S. Leigh Wood; constant in several places. In plenty

under a hedge west of Failand Farm, April, 1881.

Norton's Wood near Clevedon. Sidcot. IS' ear Wells.

Plentiful in King's Wood, Yatton ; Miss Winter.
" The name Tootkwort is derived from the resemblance of

the scaly roots of this plant to the human front teeth ;

for which reason it must be good for the tooth-ache ' as

wise philosophers have judged.'" Sir J. E. Smith.

IV. V.

SCROPHULARIACE^E.

VERBASCUM, L.
549. V. ThapSUS, L. Mullein.

Native ; on banks and walls, and in dry pastures, frequent.
G. Stoke Bishop. St. Vincent's Rocks. Sea Mills.

Stapleton.

S. Abbot's Leigh. Brislington. Failand. Brockley and
Goblin Combes. Clevedon. Weston-in-Gordauo. Wells.
Yatton. VII. VIII.

SCROPHULABIACE^]. 129

550. V. nigrum, L. Dark Mullein.
Native ; on banks and roadsides, rare.

Gr. Under Stinchcombe Hill. Near Wotton-under-Edge.
Woodmancote, near Dursley, Durdham Down, 1849;
Stapleton; Swete, Fl. 55.

S. Waste ground by Church Road, Weston-super-Mare,
1879 ; not seen there since.

" By what figure of speech this beautiful plant can be
called black, not having a particle of that colour about
it, we will not determine. All the old botanists, how-
ever, have so denominated it ; and if they had any
meaning, it can only have been that it was not white."
Sir J. E. Smith. VII. VIII.

(V. Lychnitis, L. was recorded from Banwell, and Milton,
S. many years ago. We have no recent information
about it.)

551. V. Blattaria, L.

Alien or casual with us, very rare.

(T. "Apparently wild near Potter's Cottage at Combe,
near Henbury, July, 1840." Herb. Powell.

S. Bishport ; Sn-ete, FL 55. On some rough land
between Uphill road and the railway, Aug., 1881. On a
railway embankment near Winscombe. On walls near
Wells, and Yatton. VIII.

552. V. virgatum, With.

Alien or casual. Very rare.

G. Filton ; Herb. Bristol Musedm. On an old wall near
Granby Hill, Clifton ! Kingswood ! On a wall between
Horfield and Westbury ; Dr. Stephens.

S. With V. Blattaria near Uphill, and also at Wins-
combe. VIII.

130 SCROPHULARIACE^.

DIGITALIS, L.

553. D. purpurea, L. Foxglove.

Native. Very common in woods and hedges upon sand-
stone.

The white-flowered plant has been sown on the cutting at
Mangotsfield Station ; and is found occasionally at
Brislingtcm, and on Walton Down, where the ordinary
form grows in immense profusion. VI. VII.

ANTIRRHINUM, L.

554. A. majUS, L. Snapdragon.

Alien ; on rocks and old walls, perfectly established in

several places.
G. On St. Vincent's Rocks, and frequent on walls about

Clifton and Bristol.

S. On rocks at Brean Down. Old walls in many places.

VIL— IX.
LINARIA, Mill.

555. L. Cymbalaria, Mill. Ivy-leaved Toadflax.

Denizen ; chiefly on walls, very common. The beautiful
white flowered variety grows near Westbury, G., and at
Brislington, S. V.— IX.

556. L. Elatine, Mill.

Native ; on arable land, frequent.

G. Almondsbury. Charlton. Hallen. Horfield. Thorn-
bury. Fishponds. Yate.

S. Clevedon. Eastern. Cornfields east of Tandy Lane.
Walton by Clevedon. Whitchurch. Knowle. Kingston
Seymour. VII.— IX.

557. L. spuria, Mill.

Colonist ; on arable land, frequent.

G. Between Charlton and Patchway. Chipping Sodbury.
Bridge Yate. Wick. Westbury-on-Trym.

SCROPHULAEIACE^. 131

S. Walton and Weston-in-Gordano. Milton. Lawrence
Weston. Weston-super-Mare. VII. — IX.

558. L. minor, Desf.

Colonist ; by roadsides, and on railway ballast, frequent.
G. Constant on the Avonmouth Railway. Conham.

Henbury ; Herb. Powell. Wick.
S. Bourton. Cheddar. Clevedon. Hutton. On the

railway under Leigh Wood. Yatton. Wells.

VI.— VIII.
(L. Pelisseriana, Mill, has been gathered on an old wall

at Brislington, S.)

559. L, purpurea, Mill.

Alien. Naturalized on old walls in many places about
Bristol and Clifton. It has also been noticed in and
near Wells ; and at Winscombe, S. VII. VIII.

560. L. vulgaris, Mill. Yellow Toad-flax,

Native ; on hedge-banks and dry waste ground, common.

VII.— IX.
SCROPHULARIA, L.

561. S. nodosa, L.

Native ; in damp shady places, common. VII. VIII.

562. S. aquatica, L.

Native; in wet places, common. VII. VIII.

MELAMPYRUM, L.

563. M. pratense, L. Cow-wheat.

Native ; in woods and on shaded banks, frequent.

G. Clifton Down ; sparingly above the road from the

fountain to the riverside ; and abundantly on the wooded

slopes near the Gully. Blaize Castle. Glen Frome.

Conham. Westridge Wood, near Wotton-under-Kdge.
S. Brislington. Congresbury. Portishead. Shipham.

Weston-in-Gordano. Yatton. VI. — VIII.

182 SCROPHULAKIACE-E.

MIMULUS, L.

564. M. luteus, L.

Alien ; naturalized in a few places.

S. Little Wood pool, near Cleeve ; and Lipsey Lane.
Miss Winter. For half a mile in a small stream on the
Blagdon side of Black Down. We have seen it spring
up on rubbish in Clifton.

PEDICULARIS, X.

565. P. palustris, L.

Native ; in boggy ditches, rare.

G. Filton meads ; Sicete, Fl. 57.

S. Sparingly on the peat near Wedmore. VI. VII.

566. P. Sylvatica, L. Red Rattle.

Native ; in moist heathy and hilly pastures, frequent.

G. On the furzy portions of Durdham Down, and on the
south side of the Gully. Near Damory Bridge. Hill-
sides in the Trym valley below Westbury. Mangots-
field. Yate Common.

S. Barrow Gurney. With white flowers on Black Down.
Brislington. Very abundant between Sandy Lane and
Failand Farm, near the Tanpits. Tickenham. Boggy
hillsides near Wells. Yatton. V.— VIII.

RHINANTHUS, L.

567. R. Crista-galli. L. Yellow Rattle.

Native ; in meadows and pastures, very abundant in many

places, usually on very poor soils. We have seen

pastures full of it at
G. Thornbury. Tort worth. Sod bury. Wottou-under-

Edge.
S. Chew Magna, and about Dundry Hill. Clevedon.

Wells. Whitchurch. VI. VII.

SCROPHULARIACE.E. 133

EUPHRASIA, L.

568. E. Officinalis, L. Eye-bright.

Native ; in dry pastures and on banks. Very common,
and extremely variable in babit. VI. — YJIL

ODONTITES, Duty.

569. 0. rubra, Pers.

Native ; in cornfields and waste places, common.

VII. VIII.
VERONICA, L.

570. V. scutellata, L.

Native ; in bogs and ditches, very rare.

S. Clevedon, in a wet ditch! Mr. D. Fry. Near
Yatton. In a bog on Mendip near Priddy, on old red
sandstone; altitude about 700 ft. Dr. H. F. Parsons.

VL— vnr.

571. V. Anagallis, L.

Native ; in water, frequent ; and plentiful on the alluvium
and peat in the southern portion of the district. We
find it sometimes with flesh-coloured flowers ; and rarely
with the fruit converted into a sort of gall by insect agency.

G. Boiling Well. Filton. Sodbury. Warmley. Tort worth.

S. Bedminster. St. Anne's Wood, Brislington. Barrow
Gurney. Clevedon. Portbury. Woodspring. Generally
distributed on the moors from Yatton and Weston-
super-Mare to Wells and Highbridge. VI. — VIII.

572. V. Beccabunga, L. Brookiime.

Native ; in ditches and streams, very common. VI. — IX.

573. V. ChamaedryS, L. Germander Speedwell.

Native ; on hedge-banks, and in grassy places everywhere.
Very common. V. VI.

574. V. montana, L.

Native ; in woods, frequent.

G. Glen Frome. Woods between Patchway and Charlton.
Pucklechurch. Thornbury. Cook's Folly Wood.

184 SCEOPHULARIACE^E.

S. Bourton Combe. Woods near Congresbury. Failand.
Button. Knowle. Leigh Wood. Under Maes Knoll.
St. Anne's Wood, Brislington. Portishead. Stockwood
Lane. Weston-in-Gordano. Plentiful in two woods near
Wells ; Miss Livett. IV.— VI.

575. V. officinalis, L.

Native ; on dry banks and in heathy pastures. Common,
especially on the Mendips. VI. VIII.

576. V. hybrida, L.

Native ; on the more inaccessible ledges of St. Vincent's
Ptocks, still plentiful.

Although there appears to be no important character to
separate F. hybrida from V. spicata, L., yet it is
generally considered that our plants and those of the
Welsh coast belong to the former. This is the most
handsome of our native Veronicas. It attains its
southern limit in this country on St. Vincent's Rocks,
where it flourishes in great luxuriance and beauty, the
plants being at least as large again as those we have
seen on the Great Ormshead. VII. — VIII.

577. V. serpyllifolia, L.

Native ; in damp places by roadsides, very common.

578. V. arvensis, L. IV.— vir.

Native ; in dry gravelly places and on cultivated land,
very common. IV. — VII.

(V. tripliijllos, L. Dr. Stephens informed Mr. Flower that
Swete's record for this plant " about Stapletou Mill "
was an error.)

579. V. agrestis, L.

Native. A very common weed on cultivated land. IV. — IX.

580. V. polita, Fries.

Native ; on dry banks and walls, and in cultivated fields,
common.

LABIATE. 135

G. Almondsbuiy. Bitton. Charlton. Kingsweston. Hor-
field. Fishponds. Warmley. Westbury.

S. Bourtou. Failand. Knowle. Pensford. Stockwood.
Wells. Weston-super-Mare. IV.— IX.

581, V. Buxbaumii, Ten.

Colonist ; in cultivated fields, common, and generally
distributed.

This is a comparatively recent introduction, and has
increased and spread with great rapidity during the last
thirty years. In Swete's time it seems to have been
considered an alien casual, occurring sparingly, and
thought to be probably introduced with foreign seed.
Swete does not appear to have seen a specimen. Fl.
Brist. 56. At the present time there are few arable
fields in our district which are not plentifully sprinkled
with this weed. IV. — IX.

582. V. hederaefolia, L.

Native. A very common weed on cultivated laud.

HI— VI.

LABIATE.
MENTHA, Z.

NOTE. — The examples of this genus contained in the
Stephens Herbarium are stated by Dr. Stephens to
have been derived from the herbarium of the late
Dr. Dyer, of Bristol. They were marked " Mentha
Brittanica Sole," and in all probability they came to
Dr. Dyer direct from Mr. Sole.

583. M. rotundifolia, L.

Denizen. Very rare.

Roadside between Westbury and Horfield, several years
ago, also at Chelwoocl ; Mr. T. B. Flower in lit. Feb., 1883.
In a high meadow near Berkeley Castle ; Sole.

136 LABIATE.

In Newton Park; Dr. Davis in Fl. Bathon. Shire-
ham pton ; Swete, Fl. 60.

584. M. sylvestlis, L. Horse Mint.

Denizen ; in damp waste places, very rare. Sole found
this mint " in most home closes, farmers' bartons, and
such-like places."

S. Waste places about Hinton Blewitt, and between
Ashton Lodge and Tadwick ; Mr. T. B. Flower. River
side in Newton Mead ; id. A few plants in a damp
spot by the roadside near Portbury ; August, 1881.

Walton-in-Gordano ; Mrs. Lainson and Herb. Stephens.

Weston-super-Mare; St. Brody, Fl. Weston. VIII. IX.

585. M. piperita, Sm. Peppermint.

Native, or denizen ; perhaps now extinct. We have not
seen a specimen.

Henbury Combe, Sept., 1846. Herb. Powell.

Near the river at Wick ; Mr. T. B. Flower. " It grows
in a swampy place near Lansdown called the Wells, that
being the spring-head of Lock's Brook. It is also found
by the side of the Avon in Newton Mead, and in other
places about Bath." Sole.

Near Bath, Wells, and Glastonbury, Somerset; Syme's
E.B.

586. M. aquatica, I/., including M. hirsuta, L.

Native ; on ditch-banks and in marshes, very common.

VII. VIII.

587. M. sativa, L.

Native ; in wet places, very common. VII. VIII.

588. M. arvensis, L. Com Mint.

Native ; in cultivated ground, common. VII. — IX.

LYCOPUS, L.

589. L. europaeus, L. Gipsywort.

Native ; by water, frequent.

LABIATE. 137

G. Glen Frome. Baptist Mills. Bank of Avon above
Bristol. Henbury brook. Sjston marsh. Tortworth.
Yate.

S. Very fine plants in Leigh Wood near the Avon
opposite Black Rock. Burnham. Cheddar. Cleve-
don. Easton. Ken. Paulton. Yatton. VII. VIII.
SALVIA, Z.

590. S. Verbenaca, L. Sage, or English Clary.
Native ; on dry banks, frequent.

G. Berkeley. Chipping Sodbury. Henbury. Tort-
worth. St. Vincent's Rocks. Westbury-on-Trym.

S. Clevedon. Tickenham. Uphill. Wells. Peculiarly
abundant about Weston-super-Mare. Worle. ^ atton.

V. VI.

(S. pratensis, L. "On Wick Cliffs, Gloucestershire. Mr.
Swayne, With. ed. 3, II. 21. There is every reason to
believe that this was an error. Mr. Flower says he
found no specimen in Withering's herbarium.)

(S. sylvestris. Alien on old colliery debris near Kings-
wood, G.)

ORIGANUM, L.

591. 0. Vulgare, L. Marjoram.

Native ; on banks, by roadsides, and in bushy waste places,

frequent.
G. Berkeley. Dursley. Henbury. Tortworth. St.

Vincent's Rocks and Clifton Down. Westbury-on-Trym.

Wotton-under-Edge.
S. Bank of Avon below Bristol. Clevedon. Congres-

bury. Draycot. Great Elm. Pensford. Abundant

about Wells. Loxton. Worle. VIII.

THYMUS, L.

592. T. Serpyllum, L. Common Wild Thyme.

Native ; on hills and in dry heathy pastures, common.

VI.— VIII.

188 LABIATE.

593. T. Chamaedrys, Fr.

Native ; on heathy ground, very rare. Perhaps it has

been overlooked in some places.
S. Leigh Wood, June, 186S; Rev. W. W. Spicer.

Sparingly on Leigh Down, 1879.

CALAMI NTH A, Moench.

(C. Nepeta, Clairv. We have several times been informed
of the occurrence of this species in the district ; but oil
enquiry the plants have proved to be C. officinalis. j

594. C. officinalis, Moench. Common Calamint.
Native ; on dry, rocky banks, frequent.

G. Almondsbury Hill. Conham. St. Vincent's Rocks.

Stapleton.
S. Plentiful on Brean Down. Cheddar. Clevedou.

Draycot. Great Elm. Loxton. Stowey. Uphill.

Walton-in-Gordano. Woodspring. Wells. VII. — IX.

595. C. Acinos, Clairv. Basil.

Native; frequent upon limestone rocks, and rarely to be
seen elsewhere.

G. St. Vincent's Hocks. Cultivated ground near Kings-
wood. Wick Rocks.

S. Clevedon. Bocks under Leigh Wood. Loxton.
Emborrow. Walton by Clevedon. Worle Hill. VII. VIII.

596. C. Clinopodium, Benth.

Native; in hedges and bushy places, common and very
abundant. VII. VIIL

MELISSA, L.

597. M. officinalis, L. Balm.

Alien ; established here and there in waste ground.

G. Bridge Yate. By the railway under St. Vincent's

Rocks.
S. By the roadside at Bourton ; Mr. W. E. Green.

Clevedon. In the corner of a field at Pill. VII. VTH.

LABIATE. 139

SCUTELLARIA, Z.

598. S. galericulata, L. Skull-cap.

Native ; on ditch-banks and in marshes, frequent, but not

plentiful anywhere.

G. Near Dursley. Glen Frome. Thornbury.
S. Bank of Avon below Bristol. Marshy spots on the

sands at Berrow. Clevedon. Easton Moor. Failand.

Kingston Seymour. Nailsea Moor. Marsh near Ham

Green ; Swete, Fl. 63. Woodspring. Yatton. VII. VIII.

599. S. minor, L.

Native ; on the swampy margin of a pool about a mile from
Abbot's Leigh, S., where about two dozen plants are to
be seen yearly. The extreme rarity of this plant in the
Bristol district is very remarkable. It is said to have
grown on the banks of the Avon near Bath, and to have
been formerly abundant on the peat moors in the
extreme south ; but at present the Abbot's Leigh station
is the only one known to us between Bristol and the
Quantocks, and for the large portion of our area in
Gloucestershire we have no record at all.

PRUNELLA, Z.

600. P. VUlgaris, L. Self-heal.

Native; in pastures, very common. The white flowered
plant grows in fields near Patchway, G. VII. VIII.
NEPETA, L.

601. N. Cataria, L. Cat Mint.

Native or denizen, rare.

G. Almondsbury Hill, Aug., 1839 ; Herb. Powell. Among

the rocks and hollows at the side of the hill at Penpole

Point. Henbury; Swete, FL 63. Wick Cliffs, Mr.

Sivayne, With. ed. iii. 520.
S. A few plants between Kewstoke Sands and Sand

Point, 1880, and 1881. It has been known to grow

140

LABIATE.

here for many years. Near Cadbury Camp. Weston-
in-Gordano ; Mr. I). Fry.

It is said that cats delight in the scent of this plant almost
as much as hi that of Valerian root. Whenever
they meet with the Nepeta they entirely destroy it by
chewing the young branches, and rolling themselves
upon the plant as long as any smell is left.

*' Mr. Miller says that cats will not meddle with it if it be
raised from seed ; and in support of this opinion quotes
an old saying, ' If you set it, the cats will eat it ; if you
sow it, the cats won't know it.' " Withering.

602. N. Glechoma, Bcnth. Ground-Ivy.

Native ; on nearly every hedge-bank, very common.

IV.— VI.
LAMIUM, L.

603. L. amplexicaule, L.

Native ; under walls, and on cultivated land, rare.

G. In plenty at Crew's Hole, 1880, and 1881.

S. Burnham. Clevedon. Keyusham. Under walls in
several places about Weston-super-Mare. Abundant in
potato fields at Worle, 1880. Yattou.

A large form of this plant with much larger leaves, the upper
internodes very short, and approaching in appearance to
L. intermedium, occurs on high ground between Weston-
super-Mare and Banwell. IV. — VII,

604. L. incisum, wuid.

Native ; in waste places, rather rare.

G. Netharn ; Stapleton ; Swete, Fl. 62. Charlton.
Frenchay.

S. It is tolerably abundant about Clevedon, although
more unfrequent than L. purpureum, with which it
often grows ; Mr. D. Fry. Pill. Portishead. Tickenham,
Weston-super-Mare. IV. — VI,

LABIATE. 141

605. L. purpureum, L. Red Dead-Nettie.

Native ; ou waste and cultivated ground, very common.

IV.— VIII.

606. L, album, L. White Dead-Nettle.

Native ; on hedge-banks and waste ground, common.

V. VL

607. L. maculatum, L.

Alien. Permanently established in one or two places; a

casual in others.
G. Lane at the back of Eedland Court ; Herb. Stephens ;

and Mr. T. B. Flower, who says it grew there for many

years. Stoke Bishop.
S. Abundant at Chelvey ; Miss Winter, and Mr. W.

Green. South Stoke. Combe Hay. Brislington ;

Swete, Fl. 62. V. VI,

608. L. Galeobdolon, Crantz. Archangel.

Native ; on hedge-banks, and in bushy places, common.
It is peculiarly abundant about Bristol, and well dis-
tributed in other portions of our area. V. Vl»
LEONURUS, L.

609. L. Cardiaca, L.

Alien, or denizen, in waste places, very rare.

G. There are specimens in Miss Powell's herbarium from
Lawrence Weston, and Henbury; 18^9. "Sea banks
near the Clifton Gas Works," Dr. Sterjhens (marginal
note in his copy of Withering). It is said to have
grown formerly at Crew's Hole, and near the Hotwells;
Bot. Guide.'

S. Near Lympsham ! Aug., 1881 ; Mr. T. F. Perkins.
GALEOPSIS, L.

610. G. Ladanum, L.

Colonist ; chiefly on arable land, frequent.

G. St. Vincent's Rocks ; Herb. Stephens, and Shiercliff's

142 LABIATE.

Guide for 1789. Pur Down. Filton. Horfield.
Thornbury.

S. Clevedon. Congresbury. Ebbor. Leigh Wood.
Queen Charlton. Walton and Weston-in-Gordano.
Weston-super-Mare. VIII. IX.

611. G. Tetrahit, L. Common Hemp-Nettle.

Native or colonist ; in damp bushy places, and on culti-
vated ground, frequent.

G. Aust. Almondsbury. Berkeley. By the Frome
near Stapleton, with white flowers. Horfield. Yate.

S. Clevedon. St. Anne's Wood, Brislicgton. Walton,
and Weston-in-Gordano. Wedmore. Weston-super-
Mare. Winscombe. Yatton. VII.— IX.

STACHYS, L.

612. S. Betonica, Benth. Betony,

Native ; in woods and hedges, preferring dry hilly places,
frequent.

G. Almondsbury. Clifton and Durdham Downs. Man-
got sfi eld. Yate Common.

S. Congresbury. Emborrow. Leigh Wood. Walton-
in-Gordano. Wells. Temple Cloud.

Great virtue was formerly attributed to Betony, but it has
been long disused by our physicians. However we still
meet with persons gathering it for a domestic medicine.

VII. VIII.

613. S. palustris, L.

Native; on ditch-banks, in damp fields, and neglected
arable land, common. The variety /3. 8. ambigua, Sm.
is to be gathered on the banks of the Avon, and in
many similar situations. VII. VIII.

614. S. sylvatica, L.

Native ; in woods, hedges, and waste ground, common.

VII. VIII.

LABIATE. 148

615. S. arvensis, L.

Native, or colonist ; in cornfields, common. VII. — IX.
(8. annua, L. Alien. Sparingly for some years on old
colliery debris near Kingswood, G.)
BALLOTA, L.

616. B. foetida, Lam.

Native ; by roadsides, and in waste ground ; common, but
not very abundant. VII. VIII.

MARRUBIUM, Z.

617. M. VUlgare, L. White Horehound.

Denizen ; chiefly on downs near the Channel, rare.

G. Brandon Hill; Dunlham Down; Swete, Fl. 63. St.

Vincent's Rocks ; Herb. Stephens. Penpole Point ; Mr.

W. E. Green.
S. Brean Down. Near Cadbury Camp. Dial Hill,

Clevedon. On Sand Farm, by Kewstoke. Wavering

Down. VIII. IX.

TEUCRIUM, L.

618. T. Scorodonia, L. Wood Sage.

Native ; in woods and shady places, very common.

VII. VIII.

(T. Chamadrys, L. Alien. Shirehampton, 1839 ; Miss
M. Waring. Herb. Powell. By a roadside near
Tickenham, where it has grown for many years. Dr.
Davis, and Rev: Gr. W. Braikenridge.)

AJUGA, L.

619. A. reptans, L. Bugle.

Native ; in damp shady places, very common.

We have found it with white flowers at Englishcombe, in
Leigh Wood, in a wood between Abbot's Leigh and
Failand, and in Westridge Wood near Wotton-under-
Edge. V. VI.

144 VERBENACE^ . LENTIBULARIACE^ . PRIMULACE-E .

VERBENACE.E.

VERBENA.
620. V. Officinalis, L. Vervain.

Native ; on waste ground, frequent.

G. At the foot of St. Vincent's Rocks, and all along the

course of the river, plentiful. Almondsbury. Alveston.

Crew's Hole. Elberton. Henbury. Stoke Bishop.
S. Bank of Avon below Bristol. Cheddar. Clevedon.

Draycot. Ken. Paulton. Portbury. Tickenham.

Walton by Clevedon. Wells. Weston-in-Gordano.

Weston-super-Mare. Yatton. VII. VTTI.

LENTIRULARIACE.E.
PINGUICULA, L.

621. P. vulgaris, L.

Native ; in a ravine on Mendip, very rare.

In a ravine near Old Down (on the road from Wells to
Bath), 1875. Miss Livett. It is very noteworthy that
this Butterwort does not occur more frequently on
boggy hillsides among the Mendips, which afford many
suitable localities.

UTRICULARIA, L.

622. U. VUlgaris, L. Bladderwort.

Native ; in ditches here and there throughout the marsh-
lands between the Mendips and the Channel.

S. Axbridge. Walton Drove, near Clevedon. Mark.
Nailsea Moor. Tickenham. Wedmore. Yatton.

VII. VHI.

PRIMULACE,£.
HOTTONIA, L.
623. H. palustris, L. Water Violet.

Native ; in peaty ditches in the marshlands, locally
plentiful.

PRIMULACE^B. 145

S. Abundant in ditches below Axbridge, Cheddar, and
Dray cot.

A mass of Hottonia in full bloom bedded in bright green
duckweed, and framed by the darker tints of tall rush
and sedge, forms a picture of exquisite loveliness, which
will dwell in the memory for ever. Its beauty is
heightened by contrast with the expanse of drear moor-
land in which it lies hidden. V. VI.

PRIMULA, L.

624. P. Vulgaris, Huds. Primrose.

Native ; in woods and on hedge-banks, very common.

Pure white, and purple varieties have been met with in
woods near Temple Cloud, S.

ft. P. variabilis, Goup.

A caulescent variety or hybrid, sometimes miscalled " Oxlip."

G. Filton. Wood between Patch way and Charlton.

S. Churchill. Clevedon. The Wild Country. Stock-
wood. Maes Knoll. Walton and Weston-in-Gordano ;
Mrs. Lainson. Plentiful about Wells ; Miss Livett.
Yatton. III.— V.

625. P. veris, L. Cowslip. Paigle.

Native ; in meadows and pastures, common. IV. V.

LYSIMACHIA, L.

626. L. vulgaris, L.

Native ; by the sides of rivers and pools, frequent.

G. Baptist Mills, Dr. H. 0. Stephens; perhaps now

extinct. Sparingly by the Frome near Stapleton.

Tortwcrth.
S. Bedminster Meads, Swete, Fl. p. 66 ; probably extinct.

Clevedon. Between Ken and Yatton. Yatton ; Miss

Winter. Nailsra Moor. Ditch-banks south of Wedmore.

Rare in the neighbourhood of Wells. VII. VIII,

146 PBIMULACE^.

627. L. Nummularia, L. Money-wort.

Native ; in damp meadows and pastures, and on ditch-
banks. Rather local, but abundant in many places.

G. Plentiful near Berkeley. Boiling Well Marsh. Hallen,
near Henbury.

S. Leigh Wood. On the margin of some swampy pools
near Abbot's Leigh. Berrow. Clevedon. Marshes near
Draycot, Cheddar, Winscombe, and Wells. Ken.
Pensford. Portbury. Peaty meadows west of Dundry
Hill. Yatton. V.— VIII.

628. L. nemorum, L.

Native ; in nearly every moist wood ; common, and
generally distributed. VI. — VIH.

GLAUX, Z.

629. Gr. maritima, L.

Native ; in salt marshes, and on the margins of the tidal
rivers. Locally common. VI. — VIII.

ANAGALLIS, L.

630. A. arvensis, L. Scarlet Pimpernel.

Native ; on cultivated land, and in waste places near the

coast, common.

p. A. carulea, Sm. In cornfields, rare.
G. Ashley; Dr. H. 0. Stephens. Henbury; Herb.

Powell. Horfield ; Swete, Fl. p. 66.
S. Berrow. Clevedon ; with mauve and white varieties.

Mr. W. E. Green. Mr. D. Fry. In a cornfield between

Abbot's Leigh and Failand ; 1881. Knowle ; Swete t ib.

Wells. VI. VII.

631. A. tenella, L. Bog Pimpernel.

Native ; in boggy meadows, and wet places. Rather rare
and local.

PLUMB AGINACE-E. 147

S. Black Down. Chelvey. Under Crook's Peak. Easton.
By the side of a brook not far from the tan pits at
Failand. Near Winscombe. VII. VIII.

SAMOLUS, L.

632. S. Valerandi, L.

Native ; in marshes and by the sides of ditches, especially
near the Channel, frequent.

Gr. Avonmouth marshes. Berkeley. Hallen. Marshes
below Lawrence Weston.

S. Abundant in a marsh on Burnham sands. Clevedon.
Draycot. Easton Moor. Nailsea. Portbury. Portis-
head. Walton Drove. Wedmore. Ditches about
Weston Junction. VII. VIII.

PLUMBAGINACE^E.
STATICE, L.

633. S. Limonium, L. Sea Lavender.

Native ; on the muddy shore of the Bristol Channel, rather

rare. Our plant is S. Behen, Drejer.
G. One or two plants on the mud near Avonmouth

Station, July, 1879.
S. Very sparingly on the marshy portion of Burnham

Sands. In plenty near Clevedon, and on mud-flats near

Woodspring Priory. VII. VIII.

ARMERIA, Willd.

634. A. maritima, wnu. Thrift.

Native ; on the dry turfy margins of salt marshes, and by
the tidal inlets : sometimes on rocks, as at Brean Down.
Locally common. It does not approach Bristol nearer
than the river-bank below Shirehampton. Wre are told

148 PLANTAGINACE^J.

that it grows on Mendip at Cheddar, and Dr. H. F.
Parsons has kindly forwarded the following note : — " In
a rocky field near Great Elm, on inferior oolite, where
it is established in some plenty ; but may have been
carried thither with garden rubbish."

PLANTAGINACE^E.
PLANTAGO, L.

635. P. Coronopus, L.

Native ; in barren spots near the coast, common. VI. VII.

636. P. maritima, L.

Native ; in salt marshes, and on banks by the tidal waters,
rather common. VI. — VIII.

637. P. lanceolata, L. Common Rib-grass.

Native ; in meadows, pastures, and waste places. Very
common and generally distributed. We once gathered
at Montpelier a monstrosity bearing several heads upon
one scape. V. — VI J I.

638. P. media, L. LamVs-tongm.

Native ; in dry pastures, quite common. VI. — IX.

639. P. major, L.

Native ; in waste places, by roadsides, and in fields ; very
common everywhere. VI. — VIII.

(P. arenaria, W. & K., was formerly found abundantly on
the sandhills near Burnham ; but we think has not
been seen there since 1867. It has grown for some
years in fair quantity with other aliens on a small heap
of old colliery debris near Kiugswood, G!.)

FLORA OF THE BRISTOL COAL-FIELD.

ADDITIONS TO PAKTS L, II., AND III.

Aconitum Napellus, L. We have now seen the Aconite
growing in great abundance on both banks of a brook
above Edford, S. It occurs in patches of considerable
size, and extends about a mile and a half up the stream
under the south edge of Downside Common. In this
locality the plant has all the appearance of a native ;
yet possibly it was introduced at a remote date, and
should be classed as a denizen. See p. 11.

40.° Papaver Lecoqii, Lamotte.

S. Abundant on cultivated laud between Stockwood and
Whitchurch ; where it was shewn to us by the Rev. W.
H. Painter in July, 1683. VI. VII.

112.° Dianthus Armeria, L.

S. Ball Wood, Congresbury ; Mr. D. Fry. There is a
good patch on the border of the wood, on limestone ;
and considered to be wild there by Mr. Archer Briggs,
who saw it with Mr. Fry in August, 1883. A single
plant was noticed on waste land at Clevedon by Mr.
Briggs at the same date. One root under a wall not
far from Bourton Combe, July, 1882. VII. VIII.

Medicago minima, Lam. One plant on dredgings from
the bed of the Avon, deposited in the Black Rock
Quarry ; July, 1883. See p. 44.

150 FLOBA OF THE BRISTOL COAL-FIELD.

(Vicia lutea, L. Several plants also on dredgings in the
same place as the last ; August, 1883.)

260.* Rubus plicatus, w. & N.

S. Abundant on the peat moors towards the southern
limit of the district. VI. VII.

271.° E. Borreri, Beli-Saiter.

S. Norton's Lane, near Clevedon ; August, 1883, Mr.
Archer Briggs ; and Mr. D. Fry.

E. Hystrix, Weihe, in North Somerset. Bishop's Wood,
Wells ! Rev. E. Murray. See p. 60.

280.° R. glandulosus, Bell.

S. Cranmore Hill ; Downhead Common ; and perhaps
near Congresbury ; Eev. E. Murray. These should
possibly go under E. hirtus, W. & K., but are not
typical. VII. Vin.

280.°° R. Balfourianus, Elox.

S. Whitchurch. Eev. W. H. Painter, fide Eev. W. H.
Purchas.

281.° R. althseifolius, Host.

S. Whitchurch. Eev. W. H. Painter, fide Eev. W. H.
Purchas.

E. tuberculatus, Bab. Additional records. Knowle Quarry,
and Whitchurch ! Eev. W. H. Painter. In abundance
about Ball Wood near Congresbury. See p. 61.

E. CCBSIUS, L. e. E. pseudo-ldaus, Lej. Near Congresbury,
S. Mr. Archer Briggs; and Mr. D. Fry.

283.** R. saxatilis, L.

S. Asham Wood, S.W. of Frome ; June, 1883. Eev. E.
Murray.

FfrORA OF THE BBISTOL COAL-FIELD. 151

Pyrus torminalis, Sin. in Gloucestershire. A small tree
grows on the face of a low cliff on the Pennant near
the second mill in Glen Frome, Stapleton ; a situation
where it could not have heen planted. See p. 67.

(Enothera odorata, Jacq. west of Brean Down. On
Sept. 5, 1883, we saw one plant on the sands at
Berrow, S. See p. 70.

(Antennaria margaritacea, R. Br. Found by Mr. D. Fry,
Nov., 1883, growing on the edge of a wood at Walton-
by-Clevedon. Its occurrence at a spot so far removed
from gardens and habitations, and where the rest of
the vegetation is purely indigenous, is very remarkable.)

458.* Centaurea solstitialis, L. Yellow Star-thistle.

Colonist. About a dozen large plants on sand near the
Lighthouses at Burnham, S., Sept. 5, 1883. The spot
had apparently been levelled for cultivation at some
remote season ; but was entirely waste at the time of
our visit. VIL— IX.

(C. melitensis, L. There was another station for this
alien in 1883 : on dredgings in the Black Rock
Quarry, G. See p. 106.)

488.* Crepis biennis, L.

" Colonist. In a small field near Axbridge, S. ; likely to
spread." June 19, 1883. Rev. R. Murray.

Pyrola minor, L. First record for North Somerset. This
is certainly the most important among recent additions
to our knowledge of the district flora. The dis-
coverer, Mr. R. Baker, of Clevedon, gave us a fresh
specimen with the following note : — " I observed it on

152 FLORA OF THE BRISTOL COAL-FIELD.

July 2, 1883, in a wood in the vicinity of Clifton, on
the Somersetshire side of the river. The plant was
distributed over an area of about twenty square
yards ; sparsely in places, but in others more thickly ;
closely matted with the wild strawberry. It had passed
full bloom, and was probably in perfection about the
middle of June." See p. 118.

(Ajuga Chamapitys, Schreb. Casual. One plant on
dredgings from the bed of the Avon deposited in the
Black Rock Quarry, G. August, 1883.)

CORRECTIONS.

Part L, pp. 25 and 30. For Minories read Mineries.
Part III., p. 85. For Sagina maritima, Don., read Silene

maritima, With.
Part III., p. 114, line 13 from bottom. For Cheddar ; Eev.

E. P. Murray, read Ebbor ; Mr. J. G. Baker.

FLORA

OF THE

BRISTOL COAL-FIELD

EDITED (FOE THE BRISTOL NATURALISTS' SOCIETY) BY

JAMES WALTER WHITE,
Hon. Secretary of the Botanical Section.

" jRerum cognoscere causas." — VlRGlL.

PAKT IV

MONOCHLAMYDE^l.

BEISTOL :
JAMES FAWN & SON.

PRINTED BY E. AUSTIN & SON, CHRONICLE OFFICE, CLIFTON.
MDCCCLXXXIV.

PH ANEEO G AMIA.

Class 1. DICOTYLEDONES.
Div. 4. MONOCHLAMYDEjE.

CHENOrODIACE,£.
SU/EDA, Forsk.

640. S. maritima, Dum.

Native; in all the muddy estuaries of the district.
Abundant in such situations from Huntspill northward.

VII.— IX.
SALSOLA, L.

641. S. Kali, L.

Native; on the sandy shore of the Bristol Channel;

locally common.
S. Kewstoke Sands. Weston- super -Mare. Brean.

Burnham. VTLI. IX.

CHENOPODIUM, L.

642. C. Vulvaria, L. C. olidum, Curt.

Native or colonist ; in waste places near houses, or by the
Channel. Very rare, and possibly now extinct.

S. By the Gas Works at Bath. "Waste ground, not
very frequent." Fl. Bathon. " About Brean and
Berrow." Mr. T. E. Flower. VIII. IX.

643. C. polyspermum, L.

Native; in cultivated and rich waste ground. Rather

rare.
G. Almondsbury. Henbury; Herb. Powell. Garden

weed at Kingsdown ; Herb. Stephens. St. Philip's

Marsh.

156 CHENOPODIACE^a.

S. Garden weed at Knowle! Rev. W. H> Painter.
Weston-super-Mare, and Worle; Mr. T. B. Flower.
Yatton ; Miss Winter, and Mr. W. E. Green. VHL IX.

(C. urbicum, L. We fear that the following records are
not sufficient "ground for believing this species to be a
Bristol plant. " On waste and cultivated ground,
frequent." Fl. Bathon. "Near Bristol; Worsley,
Cat." New Botanists' Guide.)

644. C. album, L.

Native ; in cultivated ground and waste places. A very
common weed : particularly fine and abundant in fields
near Brean and Berrow ; S. The variety or subspecies,
C. paganum, Reich., is the most frequent one in this
district. Vin. IX.

645. C. ficifolium, Sm.

Native ; in cultivated and waste ground, very rare.
As a garden weed at Cle'vedon ; S. Mr. D. Fry.
"Near Bristol; Worsley, Cat." New B. G.

646. C. murale, L.

Native ; on waste ground and manure heaps, rare.

G. Crew's Hole; Herb. Stephens. " Sea banks, near the

glass houses, Bristol. Winch, add." New B. G.
S. Farmyard at Failand, in plenty; J878. Waste

ground about Weston-super-Mare ; Mr. T. B. Flower.

Yatton and Milton ; Mr. D. Fry. V1H. IX.

647. C. hybridum, L.

Perhaps only a casual in the district, very rare.

G. On dredgings from the bed of the Avon deposited in
the Black Hock Quarry ; Sept. 26, 1883. Crew's
Hole; Herb. Stephens. "Near Bristol. Worsley ,
Cat." New. B. G.

CHENOPODIACE.ffi. 157

648. C. rubrum, L.

Native ; in waste places, particularly salt marshes. Locally
plentiful.

G. Bank of Avon, opposite Cook's Folly ; Herb. Stephens.
Abundant in the Black Rock Quarry; Sept., 1883.
St. Philip's Marsh ; in great plenty.

S. In damp places on the coast near Burnham, running
down insensibly into what has been called pseudo-
botryodes. Clevedou. " On dunghills and waste ground,
frequent." Fl. Bathon. VIII. IX.

649. C. Bonus-Henricus, L.

Denizen ; in waste places, chiefly near villages ; rather

rare.
G. Black Rock Quarry; Oct., 1883. Crew's Hole;

Herb. Stephens. Tliornbury Castle; Herb. Powell.

Tort worth.
S. Frequent at Cheddar village. Wells. Yatton. "At

Swainswick, Chaiicombe, Wyck, Tadwick, &c." Fl.

Bathon. VI.— X.

BETA, L.

650. B. maritima, L. Sea-Beet.

Native ; on the banks of the estuaries, and on sand and
shingle by the Channel. Rather common.

G. Bank of Avon as far up as the Black Rock.

S. Portishead. Clevedon. Kewstoke. Brean. Plenti-
ful along the coast from Huntspill to Brean Down.

VII.— IX.

SALICORNIA, L.

651. S. herbacea, L.

Native ; on mudflats by tidal waters. Frequent about all
the estuaries and saltwater inlets. VIII. IX.

158 CHENOPODIACE^.

ATRIPLEX, L.

652. A. angustifolia, Sm.

Native ; in cultivated ground and waste places, very com-
mon, VIII.— X.

65& A. erecta, Huds.

Native ; in cultivated ground and waste places, common.

Plentiful on the banks of Avon, and in the Black Rock

Quarry, G. VIII.— X.

654. A. deltoidea, Bab.

Native ; in waste places, common. Very abundant in St.
Philip's Marsh, and on the banks of Avon where the
ground has been disturbed. VII. — IX.

655. A. hastata, L. A. patula, Sm. A. Smithii, Syme.
Native; in cultivated ground and in waste places, and

about salt marshes ; common. The fleshy prostrate
coast or tidal-river form is abundant on the Channel
shore near Avonmouth, and at New Passage. VII. — X.

656. A. Babingtonii, Woods. A. rosea, Bab.

Native ; in salt marshes, and on the shore of the Channel,

locally common.

G. Avonmouth. New Passage.

S. Sands east and west of Weston-super-Mare. Brean.
Burnham. VII.— IX.

(A. farinosa, Dum. A. laciniata, Sm. " On the sea-
coast near tbe mouth of the Parret, Burnham, and
Steart. J. C. Collins, MSS." New B. G. No recent
record.)

OBIONE, Gaert.

657. 0. portulacoides, Moq.

IS ative ; on the coast, very rare.

G. Sparingly at Avonmouth, near the railway station,
1879. Shirehampton ; Swete, Fl. 68.

POLTGONACE^. 159

S. " Near the mouth of the river Parret " ; Mr. T. B.
Flower. " On the sea-coast near the mouth of the
Parret, Burnham, and Steart. J. C. Collins, MSS."

New B. a. vm.— x.

POLYGONACE^.
RUMEX, L.

658. R. maritimus, L. Golden Dock.

Native ; in marshes towards the southern limit of the

district ; very rare.
S. " Wedmore, Somersetshire ; June 1 843. G. H. K.

Thwaites." Herb. Stephens. "Mouth of the Parret;

Steart Marsh. J. C. Collins, MSS." N. B. G.

Frequent on the peat moors still farther south.

VII. VIII.

659. R. conglomeratus, Murr.

Native ; by the sides of ditches, and in damp waste places.
Common and generally distributed. VI. — VHI.

660. R. sangllineUS, L. Bloody-veined Dock.

Native. Very rare. It has been known to grow for
many years on both banks of the Avon below Bristol :
on the Gloucestershire side under Durdham Down; and
in Somersetshire about half a mile below the Suspension
Bridge. Specimens were gathered at the latter station
in 1881. Mr. Flower says he has also seen it Ofl
Brandon Hill, but not of late years. " In a wood at
Kelston"; Fl. Bathon. Roadside at Hanham; Mr..
W. E. Green.

ft. R. viridis, Sibth, R, nemorosus, Schrad.

Native ; in woods and by roadsides, frequent.

160 POLYGONACE^E.

G. Clifton Zigzag ; and elsewhere in shady places about
St. Vincent's Rocks, and the Downs. St. Philip's
Marsh. Glen Frome, Stapleton. Stoke Bishop.
Westburj.

S. Frequent in Leigh Woods. Portishead. Brislington.
Clevedon. Congresbury. Barrow Gurney. Whit-
church. VL— vm.

661. R. pulcher, L. Fiddle Dock.

Native ; on dry waste and turfy places, rather common,
especially on limestone.

G. Plentiful on the turfy slopes of St. Vincent's Eocks
opposite Sion Hill, and about the Zigzag, and on the
borders of paths in that vicinity. Brandon Hill.
Gotham. Bank of Avon. Fields about Horfield.
Stapletou. Mangotsfield. Old Passage. Penpole
Point Church lane, Henbury. Wick Cliffs.

S. Cheddar. Clevedon. Bleadon ; Mrs. Lainson. In
the old churchyard at Uphill. Walton-in-Gordano.
" Common on roadsides " ; Fl. Bathon.

The Bristol Museum possesses a " Hortus Siccus presented
by your humble servant, Wm% Paine, Botanist. Col-
lected from ye Rivers, Woods, Fields and Gardens of y6
county of Somerset. Au°- 1730." In it is a specimen
of " Ye Fidle Dock, from St. Vincent's Rocks, Cheder
Clieves, &c." ; and also a leaf of "Ye Bloody Dock."

VII.— IX.

662. R. obtusifolius, L. ?

Native ; by roadsides, and in damp pastures and waste
ground everywhere. Very common. VII. — IX.

663. R. acutus, L. Fr. R. pratensis, Men. and Koch.

Native ; in meadows and pastures. Rare, but very likely
passed over in some places.

POLYGONACE.E. 161

S. Congresbury ; Cranmore ; Shipham ; Rev. R. Murray.
"Abundant in moist places "; Fl. Bathon. VL— VTTT.

664. R. crispus, L.

Native ; by roadsides and in waste places. Very common.

vi.— vm.

665. R. Hydrolapathum, Huds. Great Water Dock.
Native ; in ditches and on river-banks, locally common.
G. Sparingly in Frome Glen, Stapleton. Shirehampton.

Tortworth. Alveston. Compton Greenfield.
S. Very plentiful by the sides of ditches in the great
alluvial tract between the Mendips and the Bristol
Channel; as at Axbridge, Burnham, Easton, Clevedon,
and Yatton. By the riverside at Bath. In the canal
at Radford. VII. VIH.

666. R. AcetOSa, L. Sorrel.

Native ; in meadows and pastures, ver^t common. V. VI.

667. R. Acetosella, L. Sheep's Sorrel.

, Native ; on dry hills and barren pastures in many places
about Bristol. Common about St. Vincent's Rocks,
Brandon Hill, Leigh Down, and Trooper's Hill ; and
abundant in high and dry situations elsewhere.

V.— VII.

POLYGONUM, L.

668. P. Bistorta, L, Bistort. Snakeiveed.

Denizen ; in moist meadows and shady places, rather rare.

G. Near Frenchay.

S. Brislington. Dundry. Hedgebank in a lane near
Abbotsleigh. A large patch in a meadow on Failand
Farm. Hilly pasture near Chewton Meudip. Ham
Wood, near Shepton Mallet ; Miss Livett. Whitchurch ;
Herb. Stephens.

V. VJ.

162 POLYGONACEJB.

€69. P. amphibium, L.

Native ; in watery places, frequent.

G. Alveston. Boiling Well. In the Avon at Conham
and elsewhere. Glen Frome, Stapleton.

S. Axbridge. Clevedon. Nailsea Moor. Yatton.
Marsh ditches between Burnham and Brent Knoll.
In a marsh near Ham Green. In ditches between
Weston Junction and Weston-super-Mare. In the
Avon near Bath, and in the Kennet and Avon Canal.

VII.— IX.
670. P. lapathifolium, L.

Native ; in damp waste ground, and on manure heaps,
common. VII. — IX.

6.71. P. Persicaria, L.

Native ; in cultivated and waste ground, very common.

VII.— IX.

672. P. mite, Schrank.

Native. Very rare. At present this species has only been
gathered on the peat near Edington Station, S. ; where
it was observed by the Rev. R. Murray.

673. P. Hydropiper, L.

Native ; in wet places by rivers, ditches, and ponds, very
common. VIII. — IX.

674. P. aviculare, L. Common Knot-grass.

Native ; by roadsides and in waste ground, very common.

The var. p. P. littorale, Link, is singularly absent from

our coast. V. — IX.

675. P. Convolvulus, L. Black Bind-weed.

Native; in cultivated ground and waste places, very

common.
A plant that appears to be the var. p. pseudo-dumetorum,

Wats, is not infrequent in hedges and thickets.

VII.— IX.

THYMELACE^. 168

676. P. dumetorum, L.

S. "Among bushes, on the sides of a hollow through
which the Western Railroad passes, about one mile
from Keynsham towards Bristol, and near a bend in the
river, 1836. (C. C. Babington, Esq., specs.)" W. A.
Bromfield, mss. We do not doubt that this is a reliable
record, especially as it is corroborated by a statement in
Topographical Botany, ed. 2, as follows : — " ISom. nortb.
Babington sp." We have not had an opportunity of
searching for the plant in the locality described.

(P. Fagopyrum, L. Is frequently met with as an outcast
on rubbish heaps and in waste places.)

THYMELACE^E.

DAPHNE, L.
677. D. Mezereum, L. Mezereon.

Native ? It has been known to grow for a great many
years in Churchill Batch, S. The shady hill side is
very rough and stony, and covered with dwarf coppice.
About a dozen plants were seen in February, 1883,
nearly all below the road towards the bottom of the
Batch ; but one or two were also found on the other
side of the hill growing among brambles. In this
situation the shrub has unquestionably the appearance
of a genuine native ; although many botanists will not
allow the Mezereon to be an aboriginal in England. It
is commonly supposed that plants found in the woods
originate from the seeds of the garden shrub dropped by
birds; and that is likely enough to happen in some
instances. But in Churchill Batch the Mezereon
bushes which grow in the cottage gardens at the bottom

164 EUPHORBIACE^J.

of the valley have been transplanted from the hill side ;
for we found on making enquiry of the occupiers that
they had none before the boys dug up some arid brought
them home from the woods. Compton Martin Wood is
given as a locality in Rutter's History of N. W.
Somerset, 182 y. Naturalized on a hedgebank near
Wells, S. Miss Livett. II. HI.

678. D. Laureola, L. Spurge Laurel.

Native ; in woods and occasionally in hedges, frequent.

Gr. Woods in Almondsbury parish. Henbury. Kings-
weston. Westbury. Stinchcombe Hill. Frequent in
woods above \\otton -under- Edge.

S. Sparingly in Leigh Wood : about four plants are
usually to be found near the bank of the Avon. Wood
between Pill and Ham Green. Between Failand and
Bourton. Hutton. King's Wood near Yatton. Near
Woodspring Priory. Near Wells. In a wood between
Cleeve and Congresbury. Scattered abundantly in
Limeridge Wood, Tickenham ; Mr. D. Fry. In hedges
in the parish of Hinton Blewett. In hedges between
Keynsham and Compton Dando. Abundant in a fir wood
near Chewton Keynsham, and also nearer Bath. About
Lansdown. Frequent in the woods ; Fl. Bathon.

n. in.

(Thesium humifusum, DC. " Claverton Down. (Mr.
John Kitley.) Add. Fl. Bathon." N.B.G.J

EUPHORBIACE^E.
EUPHORBIA, L.

("E. Peplis, L. " Sandy coast from Burnham to Brean.
J. C. Collins, mss." N.B.G. Unconfirmed.)

EUPHORBIACEJE. 165

679. E. HelioSCOpia, L. Sim Spurge.

Colonist. A common weed in cornfields and neglected
cultivated ground. VI. — IX.

680. E. platyphylla, L.

Colonist ; in cornfields, rare and local.

G. Cornfield by Filton Meads ; in plenty every season
since we first noticed it in 1879.

S. Knowle ; Swete, Fl. 70. " In cornfields near Marsh-
field and Coukvvell." Fl. Bathon. 44. Easton.

(E. stricta, L. Said to have been found in a cornfield
and elsewhere near Bath ; FL Bathon. 44. No doubt
those plants were merely starved specimens of E.
platyphylla.)

681. E. pilosa, L. E. epithymoides in Fl. Bathon.
Denizen ; in a small wood near Prior Park, Bath ; close

upon the eastern border of our area. In May, 1884, we
were conducted to the spot and found this local treasure
scattered sparingly over the space of about two acres in
rather thick coppice, and mingled with great abundance
of E. amygdaloides. A number of plants were also
found under a hedge at some distance, perhaps a quarter
of a mile from the wood. We were told that its growth
is greatly influenced by the state of the underwood,
which is cut in the customary way every seven to ten
years. Soon after the wood has been cleared the plant
appears in great plenty ; and then annually diminishes
in quantity as the brushwood regains its stature, until
in some seasons little or none is to be found.
It is stated that this Spurge was gathered in the same
place where it now grows by Lobel before 1576, and in
July, 1034, by Thomas Johnson, the Editor of
M

166 EUPHOEBIAOE^B.

" Gerard s Herbal." If this be so, the plant might
reasonably expect to be accorded a more honourable
position in the " London Catalogue " than it now
occupies among the excluded species. V. VI.

682. E. amygdaloides, L. Wood Spurge.

Native. A beautiful species : most abundant in woods,
hedges, the shady borders of fields, and bushy places,
throughout the district. III. IV.

683. E. Paralias, L. Sea Spurge.

Native ; on the sandy shore of the Bristol Channel. In
great profusion among the sandhills from Burnham to
Brean, but it diminishes in frequency higher up the
Channel, and perhaps finds its eastern limit at Weston-
super-Mare.

We have never met with this Spurge in Gloucestershire.

vni. ix.

684. E. Peplus, L.

Native ; in gardens and cultivated ground generally. Very
common. VII. VOL

685. E. exigua, L.

Colonist ; in cornfields, common. VI. — VIII.

686. E. Lathyiis, L. Caper Spurge.

Alien ; introduced from gardens in many places, and if let
alone it readily establishes itself.

S. Berrow. Long Ashton. Clevedon. In fields and
gardens at Bath and Claverton ; Fl. Bathon. Ap-
parently indigenous in Warleigh Wood ; Add. Fl.
Bathon. "Probably native near Bath"; Sym,e,E.B.

MERCURIALIS, L.

687. M. perennis, L.

Native ; in woods and on shady banks, very common and
abundant. IV. V.

CERATOPHYLLACE^:. — CALLITRICHACEJE. 167

688. M. annua, L.

Colonist ; in gardens and cultivated fields, and on rubbish

heaps, chiefly about towns and villages. Common.
Gr. Abundant about Clifton, both in gardens and waste

places. Almondsbury. Charfield. Horfield. Redland.

Westbury. Warmley.
S. A common weed about Bath. Knowle. Long Ashton.

Clevedon. Portisbead. Very plentiful about Weston-

super-Mare.
p. M. ambigua, L.
Crew's Hole ; Herb. Stephens. VIII. IX.

CERATOPHYLLACE^E.
CERATOPHYLLUM, L.

689. C. demersum, L.

Native ; in ponds and ditches, locally common.

S. Abundant in rbines and ditches near Yatton, Clevedon,
Kingston Seymour, and Weston-super-Mare. In plenty
in the canal near Bath ; Fl. Bathon. VI. VTI.

690. C. submersum, L.

Native ; as yet known only in one spot.

G. In a pond near Charfield. VI. VII.

CALLITRICHACE.E.
CALLITRICHE, L.

691. C. verna, L.

Native; in ponds and streams. We have some records
which may refer to this species as at present defined ;
but further study is needed before a positive opinion
can be offered. The genus has been so split that it is
hard to say now what is left to represent verna.

168 UKTICACE.E.

692. C. obtusangula, Le G.

Native ; in water, rare.

G. There are specimens in the Edinburgh Herbarium

collected by ' Carpenter ' in Combe Valley, Westbury-

on-Trym. J. of B., XIIL, 110.

S. Berrow ; Rev. E. Murray. Rhines near Highbridge.

VI.— VIII.

693. C. stagnalis, Scop.

Native ; on the muddy margins of ditches and ponds,

common.
Our plant is C. platycarpa, Kiitz. V. — VIII.

694. C. hamulata, Kutz.

Native ; in ditches and streams, local.
G. Tortworth.

S. Rhines between Axbridge and Cheddar; and in the
valley about Walton Drove, near Clevedon, VI. — VTIL

URTICACE^E.
PARIETARIA, L.

695. P. diffusa, Koch. Pellitory of the Wall.

Native ; on churches, ruins, and old walls ; also on rocks.

Common in such situations.
G. Henbury. Kingsweston. Westbury. Stoke Bishop.

Stapleton.
S. Bedminster. Long Ashton. Portishead. Milton.

Yatton. Common about Bath. On old walls at Wells.

Very abundant on old walls about Cheddar; and at

Clevedon. V.— IX.

URTICA, L.

696. U. pilulifera, L. Raman Nettle.

Alien ; under walls and in waste places. Very rare, and
may no longer exist at the localities quoted.

1 . CANNABINACEJ3. 169

G. Under walls at Winterbourne ; Dr. H. 0. Stephens.
S. Said to have grown in waste ground at Kewstoke ;
Dr. St. Brody.

697. U. urens, L. Small Nettle.

Native or Colonist ; in waste places, by roadsides and on
dunghills. Not very common; far less general than the
following, and more confined to the neighbourhood of
habitations.

G. Occasionally on rubbish heaps at Clifton, but not
permanent. Almondsbury. Chipping Sodbury. Fish-
ponds. Ashley Hill. Shirehampton. Stapleton.

S. Bedminster. Bishport. Very plentiful at Berrow and
Burnham. Easton. Yatton. Wells; Miss Livett.
Common about Bath ; Fl. Bathon. VI. — IX.

698. U. dioica, L. Common Nettle.

Native ; in waste places, pastures, &c. Very common.

VI— IX.

CANNABINACE^E.

(Cannabis sativa, L., is frequently met with on rubbish
heaps about Bristol, but is not permanently naturalized.
We have seen it on cultivated ground at Berrow, S.,
growing very luxuriantly.)

HUMULUS, L.

699. H. Lupulus, L. Hop.

Native ; in hedges and thickets, common.

G. Alveston. Charfield. Dursley. Hanham. Stapleton.
Wotton-uuder-Edge.

S. Axbridge. Barrow Gurney. Blackford. Brislington.
Common near Bath. Ken. Nailsea. Portbury. Walton-
in-Gordano. Wed more. Wells. Wookey. Uphill.

VII. VIIL

170 ULMAOEJE. — AMENTIFEBJE.

ULMACE^E.
ULMUS, L.

700. U. SUberoSa, Ehrh. Common Elm.

Native or denizen ; in hedgerows chiefly, common.
/3. U. gldbra, 8m. Hanham Wood ; Herb. Stephens.

m.— v.

701. U. montana, With. Wyck Elm.

Native ; chiefly in limestone woods, frequent.
G. Conham. Stapleton. Wyck.

S. Upper Knowle. Leigh Woods. Woods about the
Mendip Hills. m. IV.

AMENTIFEELE.
SALIX, L.

702. S. fragilis, L.

Native in some places. The fertile plant is very common
on the banks of ditches and streams throughout the
district, but barren trees are far less abundant.

<y. S. Busselliana, Sm.

G. Bank of the Frome near Stapleton.

S. About Clevedon in several places. By Walton Drove,
and a good deal in Walton withy-bed; Mr. D. Fry.
Mr. Fry says that most of this plant at Clevedon is
undoubtedly planted, especially where it grows in con-
siderable quantity by the sides of the railway ; but it
appears to be native in some situations. III. — V.

703. S. alba, L.

Most likely planted wherever we have observed it.
S. Banks of the Chew. Yatton. Walton-in-Gordano.
Occasionally by streams about Wells ; Miss Livett. IV. V.

AMENTIFERJE. 171

704. S, triandra, L.

Rarely native ; being found chiefly in osier-grounds.

G. St. Philip's Marsh ; Dr. Stephens.

S. Burnham. In osier-beds at Wells, and in hedges

elsewhere in the county ; Miss Livett. Keynsham ;

Herb. Stephens,
ft. S. Hoffmanniana, Sm.
Claverham, S. ! Miss Winter. IV. V.

705. S. purpurea, L.

Native ? in marshes, not common.

S. Coppice near Wellington Terrace, Clevedon ; probably
planted, and perhaps now extinct. A' great many barren
trees grow together in one part of the withy-bed on
Walton moor ; Mr. D. Fry.

p. S. Woolgariana, Borr.

G. Boiling Well ; Herb. Stephens*

S. On Nailsea Moor ; Mr. D. Fry. IH.—V.

706. S. viminalis, L.

Native ; in wet places, frequent.

G. Alveston. Aust. Hallen. Compton Greenfield.

Crew's Hole.
S. Burnham. Glevedon. Long Ashton. Stanton

Drew. Yatton. Weston-super-Mare. IV. V.

707. S. Smithiana, Wilid.

Probably native ; rather rare.

* Several willows formerly gathered by Dr. H. 0. Stephens at
the Boiling Well no longer grow there. The condition of the marsh
must have been considerably altered by the construction of the
various lines of railroad which run through and by the spot. In
particular the huge embankment of the S. Wales Hallway appears
to have wiped out about a quarter of the whole area, and it is very
probable that the missing Salices lie buried beneath it.

172 AMENTIFER.E.

S. Three or four bushes by Ashton brook, not very far
from the church. Walton Drove, and Walton withy-
bed ; Mr. D. Fry. Near Wells ; Rev. R. Murray.

(3. S. rugosa, Leefe.

G. Boiling Well ; Herb. Stephens. IV. V.

(8. stipularis, Sm. " Osier-beds at St. Philip's Marsh ; "
Dr. H. 0. Stephens.)

708. S. acuminata, Sm.

Native ; in wet hedges and marshes, rather common.

G. Ditch-banks at the Boiling Well, chiefly on the
Baptist Mills side of the railway.

S. Frequent about Clevedon, where however the fertile
plant is extremely rare. Common on the moors about
Brent Knoll, Berrow and Burnham. Plentiful in
Walton withy-bed ; Mr. D. Fry. IV.

709. S. cinerea, L.

Native ; in wret places in the lowlands, and also in woods
and hedges, very common.

If we may presume to give an opinion on the many
variations of this aggregate, our observations would
prompt us to conclude that typical cinerea is most
frequently met with inland, and often in comparatively
dry situations ; while forms approaching /3. S. aquatica,
Sm. grow in great abundance throughout the alluvial
tracts near the Severn, the Channel, and elsewhere,
being more common than any other willow ; and that
<y. S. oleifolia is not rare, having been gathered at the
Boiling Well and at Horfield in Gloucestershire, and
also at Clevedon and Clapton in Somerset. III. IV.

710. S. aurita, L.

Native ; in damp hedges and bushy places, rather local.
We have not met with it within some miles of Bristol.

. AMENTIFERE. 173

S. Not uncommon about Bath ; Mr. T. B. Flower. Near
Winscombe. Cranmore. Frequent about Wells ; Miss
Livett ; and Rev. R. Murray. IV. V.

711. S. caprea, L.

Native ; in woods and hedges in dry situations, common.
G. St. Vincent's Rocks and Clifton Down. Horfield.

Kingsweston. Frequent about the southern spurs of

the Cotstvolds near Wotton-under-Edge and Dursley.

Stapleton.
S. Leigh Wood. On the pennant at Clevedon. Abundant

on Mendip. Stock wood. Whitchurch. Wells. Yatton.

III. IV.

712. S. repens, L.

Native; in heathy and sandy places, local.

G. Yate Common.

S. In several places on Mendip. Moors south of Wells.
Abundant on sand at the back of Berrow village.

Our plant is chiefly 8. fusca, Sm. ; but at Berrow, where

it grows very large and strong, there appear to be

several forms, among which 8. argentea, Sm. has been

identified. KL— V.

POPULUS, L.

713. P. alba, L. White Poplar.

A doubtful native, generally distributed in the district.
Very abundant about Berrow and Burnham, S. ; where
apparently it has been planted to form shelters from the
wind on the exposed lowlands. III. IV.

714. P. CaneSCenS, Sm. Gray Poplar.
Native or denizen ; in moist woods, rare.
G. Henbury. Wyck.

S. Leigh WToods. ILL IV.

715. P. tremula, L. Aspen.

Native ; but often planted, frequent in woods.

174 AMENTIFER.E.

G. Blaize Castle Woods. Charfield. Kingsweston. Bank
of the Frome near Stapleton.

S. Leigh Wood. Portishead. Not uncommon about Bath ;
Fl. Bathon. Yatton. Bishop's Wood, Wells ; Miss
Livett. HI. IV.

716. P. nigra, L. Black Poplar.

Alien or denizen ; by the banks of rivers and in damp

woods, frequent.
G. Clifton Down (the " Poet's Tree "). Some very fine

trees grow in Combe Glen. Bank of the Frome at

Frenchay.
S. Clevedon. Portishead. Yatton. Wells. in.

(Myrica Gale, L., is abundant on moors south of the
district ; but perhaps has never been seen inside our
limit).

BETULA, L.

717. B. alba, L. Common Birch.

Native ; in woods, copses, and hedge-rows, common.

IV. V.
ALNUS, Tourn.

718. A. glutillOSa, Gaert. Alder.

Native ; on river banks and in marshes, very common.

m.

FAGUS, L.

719. F. sylvatica, L. Beech.

Native ; in woods, especially on limestone, locally common.

in. iv.

CAST AN E A, Tourn.

720. C. VUlgaris, Lam. Sweet Chesnut.

A doubtful native, usually planted, though we sometimes
see it flourishing in our aboriginal woods, where it may
have been self-sown and existing for many centuries.

AMENTIFER.E. 175

The fine old tree at Tortworth Park is justly celebrated.
It is mentioned in a record of the time of King Stephen
as being then of great age, forming one of the boundaries
of the manor, and is supposed by Strutt to have been in
existence in the time of Egbert, more than a thousand
years ago. V.

QUERCUS, L.

721. Q. Robur, L. Oak.

Native ; in woods and hedges, very common. The var.
sessiliflora is frequent. IV. V.

CORYLUS, L.

722. C. Avellana, L. Hazel.

Native ; in woods and hedges, very common.
We have seen its catkins developed at the beginning of
November. XI. — II.

CARPINUS, L.

723. C. Betlllus, L. Hornbeam.
Native or denizen ; rather rare.

G. Clifton Down near the Gully. Hedges near Downend.
S. Leigh Wood. Hedges on Mendip about Shipham.

V.

FLORA OF THE BRISTOL COAL-FIELD,

ADDITIONS TO PAETS L, II., AND III.

Cardamine impatiens, L. in Somerset. Cheddar, sparingly
among rocks in the gorge ; Miss Livett ! Near Whatley,
I)r. Parsons. Prior Park and Lyncombe ; Add, Fl.
Bat/ion. See pp. 16, 85.

(Gypsophila paniculata, L. Casual. On the old colliery
debris near Kingswood, G., so often referred to on pre-
ceding pages. Sept., 1884.)

128.° Alsine tenuifolia, Wahi.

Can take an undoubted position in tho Bristol Flora.
In June, 1884, Mr. H. Fisher brought us a tiny
specimen from Penpole Point, Gr. On subsequent
examination of the place the plant was found in fair
quantity and well distributed on the limestone pro-
montory, where, during so many years, it had contrived
to elude observation. See p. 30.

130.° Arenaria leptoclados, Guss.

S. About Clevedon in several places. Mr. D. Fry has
been able quite satisfactorily to separate this from
typical spliarocarpa. The latter, however, is the pre-
vailing form.

Cerastium pumilum, Curt. We have now a good series of
stations for this plant in N. Somerset. It grows at
Clevedon on the Court and Strawberry Hills, and
o

178 FLORA OP THE BRISTOL COAL-FIELD.

elsewhere. Also on rocky waste ground on the hill at
Weston-super-Mare. In abundance on the S.W. slope
of Brean Down. On walls near the Mineries towards
Wells ; and on walls between Black Down and Cheddar.
See p. 39.

Cerastium tetrandrum, Curt. Is plentiful on the sands
near Burnham, S. See p. 32.

274.* Rubus rosaceus, Weihe.

Worle Hill, S. ! Mr. D. Fry. Confirmed by Mr. J. G.
Baker, who says that this bramble is also abundant at
Wyck Rocks, G.

299.* PyrUS SCandica, Bab. P. latifoUa, Pers ?

On p. 67 we mentioned a variety of Pyrus Aria which
formerly had been known in Leigh Woods, but which
we had been unable to rediscover ; nor could we find
any specimen. We could not therefore assign it a
place in the Flora. However, in June, J886, we were
so fortunate as not only to see specimens gathered by
Mr. T. B. Flower, but also, & few days afterwards, to
come across the large tree from which they had been
taken. This, the solitary representative of the species
in North Somerset, grows on the rocky verge of Nightin-
gale Valley.

301* Peplis Portula, L.

S. On the borders of marshy pools on Mendip, not far

from the Mineries ; Aug. 20, 1884.
(Xanthium spinosum, L. Nine or ten plants on dredgings

from the bed of the Avon deposited in the Black Rock

quarry ; flowering in October and November, 1884.)
(Solatium rostratum, L. Casual. On old colliery debris

near Kingswood, G.)

FLORA OF THE BRISTOL COAL-FIELD. 179

Scutellaria minor, L. Additional stations in N. Somerset.
Boggy and peaty ground on Mendip, four or five miles
north of Wells, scattered over a large area. Aug. 20,
1884. Sparingly in a damp wood near Abbot's Leigh,
half a mile from the published locality, where, this
season (1885), we have noticed an increased quantity of
the plant. See p. 139.

FLORA

OF THE

BRISTOL COAL-FIELD.

EDITED (FOE THE BRISTOL NATURALISTS' SOCIETY) BY

JAMES WALTEE WHITE,

Hon.

I

" Rernm cognoscere causas" — VIRGIL.

PART V.
DICTYOGEN^E, ET FLOBIDJE.

BRISTOL :
JAMES FAWN & SON.

PRIXXBD BY E. AUSTIN & SON, CHRONICLE OFFICE, CLIFTON.
MDCCCLXXXV.

PH ANE BO G AMI A.

Class 2. MOXOCOTYLEDOXES:
Div. 1. J)ICTYOGEN1E.

TRILLlACFwE.

PARIS, Linn.
724. P. quadrifolia, L. Herb Paris.

Native; in woods, rather common. Plants bearing five,
and even six leaves are often met with.

G. Berwick Wood. Bean Wood, Chipping Sodbury,
Rev. E. Johnson. Woods between Charficld and
Tort worth. Stapleton.

S. Leigh Wood, rare. Stock wood. In many woods
near Bath. Maes Knoll. Norton Malre ward, Plenti-
ful in Paul Wood between Temple Cloud and Glutton ;
and in a wood at Rush Hill, near Farrington Gurney.
East Harptree Combe. Scattered all over a small
copse on Mendip, near Sidcot. King's Wood, Yatton.
Portbury. Portishead. Weston-in-Gordano. Abund-
ant in woods about Wells. Abundant in woods from
Binegar to A sham. Rev. R. Murray. IV. V.

DIOSCOREACE^.

TAMUS, Linn.
725. T. COmmunis, L. Black Bryony.

Native ; in hedges and thickets, frequent.
G. Almondsbury. Charlton. Filton. Patchway. Staple-
tan. Westbury-on-Trym.

184 HYDROCHARIDACE^: . — ORCHIDACE JE .

S. Abbot's Leigh. Leigh Wood. Bishport. Chew
Magna. Euglishcombe. Combe Hay. Long Ashtou.
Dundry. Upper Knowle. Portburj. Wraxall. Fre-
quent about Clevedon, Weston-super-Mare, and Wells.

V. VI.

Die. 2. FLORIDA.

HYDROCHA HIDACE^.
HYDROCHARIS. Linn.

726. H. Morsus-ranee, L. Frog-lit.

Native ; in peaty ditches of the lowlands, locally common.

G. Awkley, Herb. Powell. Shirehampton marshes.

S. Near Clevedon. Nailsea Moor. Tickenham. Yatton.
Weston-super-Mare. Marsh ditches throughout the
Cheddar Valley, as far as the southern limit of the
district. VII. VIII.

ANACHARIS, Rich.

727. A. Alsinastmm, Bab. Elodia canadensis, Mich.
Now naturalized with us, as in many other parts of the

country; and to be met with frequently in ponds and
streams in both counties. VII. VIII.

ORCHIDACE^E
ORCHIS, Linn.
728. 0. Mono, L. Green-ivinged OrcMs.

Native ; in meadows and pastures. Common and widely
distributed. It is often very abundant in cowslip
meadows, where the blossom contrasts pleasantly with its
neighbours. We have observed many spikes of pure
white flowers in fields near Hallen, G., and also at
Failaud and Compton Martin, S., as well as all the
intermediate shades, from pale rose to purple. V. VI.

OKCHIDACEJE. 185

729. 0. maSCUla, L. Early purple Orchis.

Native ; abundant in woods and pastures throughout the
district. White-flowered plants grow iu a meadow near
Henbury, G. V.

730. 0. ustulata, L.

Native ; in elevated pasture laud on limestone. Very rare.

G. " On Wick Cliff*, Mr. Swayne." Bot. Guide.

S. " Worle Hill, near Weston-super-Mare, May 16,
1838." Herb. Powell. Pastures near Weston-super-
Mare, St. Brody, Fl. Claverton Down, Mr. T. B.
Flower. Weston-in-Gordano, Rev. G. W. Braikenridye ;
and Mr. T. B. Flower in 1850. V.

731. 0. maculata, L.

Native; in damp woods and meadows, common and
generally distributed. V. VI.

732. 0. latifolia, L. Marsh Orchis.

Native ; in marshes and moist, peaty meadows, frequent.

G. Alvestou. A ust. Filton Meads. Patch way. Siston.
Abundant in meadows near Thornbury. Yate.

S. Between Abbot's Leigh and the Tan-pits. Meadows
under Duudry Hill. Compton Martin. Nailsea. Bogs
and peaty meadows near Winscombe. Yatton. Wells.

V. VI.

733. 0. incarnata, L.

Native ; in boggy pastures, local. Like many other
botanists, we were for a long time unable to feel sure of
this species ; but we have been led to the conclusion
that, at the stations mentioned below, the plants are
incarnata and not latifolia. They agree entirely with
the former as regards leaf-characters, which seem to be
the only tangible ones whereby the two species can be
separated. Babington's remark on the time of flowering
is also confirmatory of these plants being 0. incarnata.

186 ORCHID ACEJE.

G. Hallen marshes. Coinpton Greenfield. Near Filton.

S. Boggy meadows between Dundry Hill and Barrow
Gurney. Boggy spots in the lowlands near Burnham,
and in the Cheddar Valley. VL

734. 0. pyramidalis, L.

Native; wi banks, downs, and dry bushy places, chiefly on
limestone ; rather local, but abundant in many places.

G. Formerly frequent in the Avon gorge below Bristol;
now destroyed or nearly so. Blaise Castle, and Kings-
weston Hill. Railway banks near Horfield, and at
Patchwav. Plentiful on the hills above Wotton-under-
Edge, Nibley, and Dursley. Wyck Rooks. Stapleton,
1842. Herb. Stephens.

S. Brean Down, Hilly pastures near Clevedon, and
above Congresbury. Rocky hills about Combe Hay,
and not uncommon in the vicinity of Bath. Between
Buckland Dinham and Great Elm. On banks on both
sides of the high road between Pensford and Whit-
church. On the high ground above Wraxall. Above
Tickenhain. Uphill. Abundant about Wells. Weston-
in-Gordano. Worle Hill. VII.

GYMNADENIA, R. Br.

735. G-. conopsea, E. Br.

Native ; in boggy meadows and in hilly pastures, frequent.

G. Alveston. Filton Meads, plentiful in some seasons.
Oldland. Pucklechurch. Wick war. Near Wyck Rocks.

S. Meadows near Clevedon. Hutton. Weston-in-
Gordano. Between Buckland and Great Elm. On
Mendip at Tining's Farm, sparingly. Pasture N.W.
of Dundry Hill. Several stations near Bath. Moors
near Wells. VI. VII.

ORCHIDACEJ?. 187

HABENARIA, JR. Br.

736. H. viridis, R. Br. Frog Orchis.

Native ; in meadows and hilly pastures, rather rare, and

does not often occur in quantity.
G. Alveston, Herb. Powell. Filton Meads. Between

Henbury and Patchway. Nails worth. Pasture above

Wotton-under-Edge.
S. In several fields between the Bridgwater road and

Dundry Hill. Hutton. Mells. Portbury. Pastures

on Mendip, near Cheddar. Near Bath ; Fl. Batlwn.

VI. VII.

737. H. bifolia, R. Br. Lesser Butterfly Orchis.

Native ; in moist open places, rare. Nearly all the records
purporting to relate to the distribution of this Orchid
in the Bristol district have been found to refer to
H. chlorantha. Eu-bifolia undoubtedly grows on the
southern peat moor, and in several localities nearer
Bristol, one of which is that happy hunting ground for
botanists — Filton Meads.

738. H. Chlorantha, Bab. Greater Butterfly Orchis.
Native ; in woods and shady places, frequent.

G. Rarely on the wooded slope under Clifton Down
beyond the Great Quarry. Wood near Filton. Duchess
Woods, Stapleton. Woods above Wotton-under-Edge.
Abundant in woods near Patchway.

S. Leigh Wood in several places, but always very spar-
ingly ; usually one plant only is to be seen on each
occasion. Bishport. Buckland Dinham. Chewton
Keynsham. Congresbury. Shutshelf Wood near Ax-
bridge. Ebbor. Great Elm. Hutton. Limeridge
Wood near Tickeuham. Stockwood. Nightingale
Valley, Weston-in-Gordano. Wells. Yatton. V. VI.

188 OBCHIDACE^J.

OPHRYS, Linn.

739. 0. apifera, Huds. Bee Orchis.

Native; on downs, banks, and in rough pastures, and
stony places ; chiefly on limestone and oolite. Rather
common, and in some years very plentiful. We have
seen a striking variety of this species, of which only
four specimens were found on the Leigh side of the
Avon in July, 1885. In all the flowers on the spike,
the labellum, viewed in front, instead of being broadly
oval or semiglobose, presented a long triangular outline
four times as long as broad, tapering from the base to
the normal long reflexed point of the terminal lobe.

G. There are many old records for St. Vincent's Bocks,
and for Clifton and Durdham Downs, where formerly
the Bee Orchis may have been very abundant. As
might be expected, it is now almost eradicated ; although
in most seasons half a dozen plants are still to be seen
by those who know where to look. Bank of Avon below
Bristol. Cromhall. Ilenbury. Kingswestou Down.

S. Bank of Avon about the Portishead Railway, and on
the slopes under Leigh Woods. Scattered all over a
rough pasture near Failand Inn. Failaud Hill. Hills
near Clevedon. Elevated grassy banks near Cougres-
bury, where four or five hundred plants have been seen
blooming together. Brean Down, in plenty 1885.
Cheddar. Sandford. Tickenham. Fatten. Portishead.
Clevedou road-side near Wraxall. Frequent about
Duukerton, Englishcombe, Combe Hay, and elsewhere
towards Bath. " Abundant among the sand-hills at
Burnham, J. C. Collins." Neiv Bot. G. Still there, 1885.
Marshy sands near Berrow. Ebbor. Easton. Lyat, near
Wells. Whitchurch. About Buckland Dinham and

ORCHIDACE^.

Great Elm. Dr. H. F. Parsons. Uphill, in great
profusion, 1885. VI. VII.

740. 0. mUSCifera, Buds. Fly Orchis.

Native ; in woods, on bushy banks, and occasionally on
downs, rare, but well distributed.

G. Many old writers agree in stating that this Ophrys
used to grow with the Bee Orchis on St. Vincent's
Rocks and on Clifton Down ; and that it was at one
time even more plentiful than the latter. Towards the
end of the last century " the high ground at the back of
the Old Well House" was especially singled out as a
favourite station for the Fly Orchis. It is unnecessary
to dwell upon the circumstances which have long ago
unfitted this locality for the growth of Orchids. But
still we believe that even now, in spite of all the
changes a century has effected, few summers pass in
which this delicate and dainty species is not detected,
either upon St. Vincent's Rocks or among the bushy
slopes adjacent. Woods near Dursley; Herb. Stephens.

S. Leigh W^ood ; constant in several spots, both in deep
shade and also on the open stony banks above the river.
Many localities near Bath are given in the Flora
Bathoniemis, and we ourselves have seen it, several
years in succession, in and about a wood near Fortnight
not far from the Cephal anther a grandiflora. Woods at
Weston-in-Gordano, constant. " The Fly Orchis grows
in Limeridge Wood near Tickenham." Butter's Hist.
N. W. Somerset. This statement has been confirmed
several times during the last half century, and as lately
as June, 1885. by Mr. D. Fry. VI.

HERMINIUM, E. Br.

741. H. Monorchis, E. Br. Musk Orchis.
Native ; very rare.

190 ORCHIDACE.E.

S. " H. Monorchis grows in a field between Buckland
Dinham and Great Elm (square 19 of Sanders' map), in
company with Ophrys apifem, Habenaria chlorantha,
Orchis pyramidalis, Spiranthes autumnalis, Gymnadenia
conopsea, and about half a dozen common orchids " ; Dr.
H. Franklin Parsons. Pastures near Bath ; Fl. Bathon.
SPIRANTHES, Rich.

742. S. autumnalis, Rich. Lady's Tresses.

Native ; on dry calcareous downs ; rarely in the lowlands.

Rather common on limestone.
G. Scattered all over Clifton and Durdham Downs, and

noticed to be more plentiful opposite the Zoological

Gardens than elsewhere. Bitton. Wyck.
S. Leigh Dowrn, in fair quantity. Yatton. Clevedon.

Walton-in-Gordano. Worle Hill. In the lawns at

Ellenborough Park, Weston-super-Mare ; Aug. 1882.

In several places on the Mendips. Milton Hill, Wells;

Miss Livett. VIII. IX.

LISTERA, R. Br.

743. L. OVata, E. Br. Tway-Uade.

Native ; in woods and moist shady places, common through-
out the district. V. VI.

NEOTTIA, Linn.

744. N, Nidus-avis, Pdcli. Bird's-nest Orchis.

Native ; rather frequent in both counties. It is most
often found in beech woods, in deep shade amid thick
underwood, where plenty of rotten stumps and decaying
leaf-mould form a congenial soil.

G. Berwick Wood. Duchess Woods, Stapleton. Common
in woods about Tortworth. Woods about Wotton-under-
Edge. Stinchcombe Hill, near Dursley.

S. Woods between Abbot's Leigh and Failand Hill. Leigh

ORCHIDACE.E. 191

Wood. Bourton Combe. Ebbor. Hutton. Nightingale
Valley, Weston-in-Gordano. Limeridge Wood, Ticken-
ham. Portishead. Paul Wood, between Temple Cloud
and Clutton. VI.

EPIPACTIS, Rich.

745. E. latifolia, All.

Native ; in woods, frequent.

G. Abundant in the woods about Dursley. Tortworth.
Woods near Wotton-under-Edge.

S. Leigh Wood, rare ; one or two plants are found from
time to time, as in 1835 by Dr. H. O. Stephens, and at
intervals since by other botanists. Ebbor. Bourtou
Combe. Occasionally near Wells. St. Ann's Wood,
Brislington, 1840 ; Mr. T. B. Flower. Brislington, 1885 ;
Mr. E. Baker. Woods near Hallatrow and Clutton,
plentiful. Several localities are mentioned in Fl. Batlion.

vn.

746. E. palustris, Sw.

Native ; in swamps, rare.

S. Abundant in marshy spots amid the sand-hills at

Berrow. Formerly in a swamp near Winscombe. Near

Weston-super-Mare, Herb. Stephens; which may refer

to the Berrow station. VII. VIII.

CEPHALANTHERA, Rich.

747. C. grandiflora, Bab.

Native ; in woods, rare.

G. In woods at Tortworth Park.

S. Several localities near Bath are given in the FL
Bathon. and its Additions. In one of these (that near
Fortnight) we have seen eight or ten plants in 1882
and 1883. In a wood near Clevedon ; unsuspected
until 1883, when three or four plants were observed.
Mr. D. Fry saw seven or eight in 1884. This locality

192 IRIDACE.33. AMARYLLIDACE^!.

is a good deal frequented by visitors, and to specify it
more exactly would expose the plant to probable destruc-
tion. Wick Grove, Brislington. Dr. Withering. Swete,
Fl. 75. Not mentioned in Withering's 3rd edition. VI.

IRIDACE^E.
IRIS, Linn.

748. I. Pseud-aCOrUS, L. Yellow Flag.

Native ; in and by water. Very abundant throughout the
alluvial portions of the district. VI. VII.

749. I. foetidissima, L.

Native ; in woods and hedges, and occasionally on more
open ground. Frequent, but mostly in small quantity.

G. In a wood on Spaniorum Hill above Compton Green-
field. Sparingly at Stoke Bishop.

S. Hedges near Bishport. Woods near Clevedon. In
thickets on the coast near Woodspring Priory. Slopes
on the S.W. of Brean Down, and here and there among
the sand-hills towards Burnham. Easton and Wookey,
Miss Livett. In many places near Bath. Fl. Bathon.

V.— VII.

AMARYLLIDACE^.
NARCISSUS, Linn.

750. N. biflorus, Curt.

Denizen ; in fields and old orchards, rather rare.

G. "Near Stoke Bishop, May, 1839, Miss Fisher:1
Herb. Powell.

S. Ashton Park, Dr. Stephens. Open pasture near
Dundry Hill. Bourton. Meadows near the Church at
Churchill, in plenty. Hutton, Dr. Stephens. Uphill,

AMARYLLIDACEJE. 193

Mr. T. F. Perkins; and Dr. St. Brody. Walton-in-
Gordano. Winscpmbe. " In an old orchard at Pill.
J. Anderson, MSS." New Bot. Guide, Suppl
751. N. Pseudo-narcisSUS, L. Daffodil. Lent-Uly.

Native ; in pastures and open woods, rather common in
Somerset. Where it does occur it usually grows in
great abundance.

G. Wood at Henbury, Herb. Powell. Sparingly in
pasture between Stoke Bishop and Westbury-on-Trym.
Filton Meads, Swete, FL

S. Bishport. Churchill. Plentiful in a pasture on Failand
Farm. Leigh Wood! Rev. C. 13. Dunn. In thick
underwood at Churchill Batch. Pensford. Yatton.
At Edford in immense profusion, both in woodland and
pasture ; covering nearly a square mile of country. The
"Daffodil Valley," near Sidcot. Here the plant is
abundant on wooded slopes and grows over a consider-
able area. Abundant in some of the other Mendip
valleys, notably near With am, and by Stoke Lane, near
Wells. III. IV.

(N. incoinparabilis, N. lobularis, N. poeticus, and N.
aurantius? have all been recorded on good authority
from localities where they have been introduced from
gardens.)

(" Leucojum cestivum, L., grows in some quantity in one
place in Almondsbury parish ; but as the snowdrop and
large periwinkle are its near neighbours there may once
have been a cottage garden on the spot, though not in
the recollection of any one living." Rev. K. A. Dealdn;
March, 1879.)

194 ALISMACE.E.

GALANTHUS, Linn.

752. G. nivalis, L. Snowdrop.

Denizen ; perfectly naturalized in woods and on hedge-
banks in many places, but very seldom in quantity.

G. Almondsbury. Formerly near Sea Mills, Bot. Guide;
and S. Rootsey, F.L.S. Plentiful on a shady slope in
Henbury Combe, near Blaise Castle, where it has been
known very many years. Formerly in the Powder-
House Wood, and woods at Stoke Bishop, Swete, Fl. 77.

S. In a hedgebauk at Whitchurch ; Rev. W. H. Painter.
Barrow Gurney and Huttou ; Dr. H. 0. Stephens. A
few plants on the wooded bank of a stream near Edford,
growing with Ribes niyrum ; March, 1884. By the
brooklet below Winscombe, not far from some cottages.
Uphill. Goblin Glen, near Yatton. II. HI.

ALISMACE^E.
ALISMA, Linn.

753. A- PlantagO, L. Water-Plantain.

Native; in ditches and ponds. Common and generally
distributed. The variety /3. A. lanccolata, With., grows
at Baptist Mills, G. VII. VIII.

754. A. ranunculoides, L.

Native ; in the peaty ditches of the great alluvial tract
between the Meudips and the Channel, from Tickenhain
and Nailsea Moor as far as the district extends to the
south-west. Locally common. We have no record for
Gloucestershire. VI. VII.

SAGITTARIA, Linn.

755. S. Sagittifolia, L. Arrowhead.

Native; in ditches and rivers, rather rare and Iccal.

ALI8MACE.E. 195

G. Formerly at Baptist Mills, and in Shirehampton
Marshes; Swete, Fl. 80. In the river Frome near
Stapleton. In the river Avon at Crew's Hole and
Conham.

S. In the river Avon and the canal at Bath. In the
canal near Radford. NailseaMoor. Tickenham. Yatton.
Marsh ditches in the Cheddar valley extending to the
south of Wedmore. VII. VIEI.

BUTOMUS, Linn.

756. B. UHibellatuS, L. Flowering Rush.

Native; in ditches and rivers. Rare in the north of
Bristol, but quite common in the southern lowlands.

G. In the river Frome near Stapleton. In the Avon at
Crew's Hole.

S. Formerly in Bedminster Meads ; Swete, FL 80. In
the canal near Radford. Ditches near Brean, Burnham,
and Brent Knoll. Kingston Seymour. Nailsea Moor.
'J ickenham. Yatton. Weston-super-Mare. Pools and
ditches throughout the Cheddar valley, and near High-
bridge. VI. VII.

TRIGLOCHIN, Linn.

757. T maiitimum, I*

Native ; on the muddy banks of the estuaries, and in salt
marshes on the channel shore ; marking the tidal limit
in both counties. VII. VIII.

758. T. palustre, L.

Native ; in boggy, wet meadows, and on ditchbanks,

frequent.
G. Boiling Well. Hallen bog, near Henbury ; Herb.

Powell. Meadow below Cook's Folly ; Dr. H. 0.

Stephens. Olveston. Littleton-on-Severn.

196 ASPARAGACE.E.

S. Bedmiuster Meads. Nailsea Moor. Moor at Walton-
iu-Gordano near Clevedon. Meadows under Crook's
Peak. Brean. Burnham. Eastou. Uphill. Yatton.
floors south of Wed more. Frequent on the banks of the
river Avon and of the canal at Bath. VI. VII.

ASPARAGACEJE.
ASPARAGUS, Linn.

759, A. officinalis, L.

Denizen ; in salt marshes and damp sandy soil near the
Channel, rather rare. It is thoroughly naturalized,
having been noted in one or two of the localities named
nearly two centuries ago. None of our plants are the
A. prostratus, Dum.

G. "Below Look's Folly, two miles from Bristol; Mr.
Newton." Ray, Syn. The mis-spelling " Look's "
instead of " Cook's "is perpetuated by both Hudson and
Withering. " In the salt marshes below Kiugsweston,
near Bristol." Withering ; and Dr. H. 0. Stephens, about
1835. Marsh near Thornbury, B. G. We saw a small
quantity below Sea Mills in 1877 and 1880.

S. On the grassy bank of Avon opposite Cook's Folly,
in several places. Uphill. Salt marsh near Berrow.
" Sandbanks at Steart and Burnham, from three to five
feet high when in blossom. (Mr. Clark.) J. C. Collins,
MSS." New B. G. Suppl. Still on sands near Burn-
ham, plentiful in 1884 and 1885, and quite as luxuriant
as is stated in the old record. VI. — VIII.

CONVALLARIA, Linn.
760. C. majalis, L. Lily of the Valley.

Native; in rocky woods, rare. It grows on wooded slopes
where the soil is little else than broken limestone com-

ASPARAGACEJE. 197

pacted with a little loam, from which the roots cannot
be disengaged without much labour. We have visited
the localities in Leigh Wood and near Wotton-under-
Edge. Both these have a north-eastern aspect. With
us the plant flowers very sparingly. We feel sure that
in a favourable season the yield would not exceed one
handful to the acre.

G. Very steep stony slope in Westridge Wood, in plenty.

S. A large patch in Leigh Wood near the Avon. King's
Wood, near Yatton ; Miss Winter. Asham Wood ; Rev.
R. Murray. Wood near Bath ; Add. Fl. BatJwn. V.

POLYGONATUM, Town.
761. P. officinale? All Convallaria Folygonatum, L.

Native ; in rocky woods on limestone, rare. Often associ-
ated with the Lily of the Valley. Tt fruits but seldom.
G. Woods above Wotton-under-Edge in several places.
S. Leigh Wood, by no means extinct, as is feared in
E. B.} ed. 3 ; but not so plentiful as formerly, a good
deal having been destroyed by quarrying. " Cheddar
Cliffs. W. Christy, sp. Woods on the N. side of the
Mendip Hills ; woods at East Harptree, under Mendip.
B. a." Xew B. Guide. V.

762. P. multiflorum, All. Solomon's Seat.

Native ; in woods on limestone, very local.

G. Wood at Dursley, B. Gr.

S. Harptree Combe. Wood at Leigh-on-Mendip. Paul
Wood, near Temple Cloud, to 3 ft. 9 in. high, June,
1885 ; Mr. D. Fry. Bishop's Wood, and in one or two
other woods near Wells ; Miss Livett. Abundant in
woods from Binegar to Asham ; Rev. R. Murray. Near
Bath ; Fl. Bathop. Not known in Leigh Wood, where it
is likely that P. ojficinale has been mistaken for it. VI.

198

LILIACE^l.

RUSCUS, Linn.
763. R. aculeatUS, L. Butcher's Broom.

Alien ; occasional in hedges and about gardens. Clearly
not indigenous with us. III. IV.

LILIACEJE.
TULIPA, Linn.

764. T. sylvestris, L.

Doubtfully native in a field near Bath. Plentiful in a
meadow by the side of the canal near Combe Hay ; now
ploughed up, but still occupied by the Tulip, which, as
Mr. Flower informs us, did not flower in 1885. " BittOn
meadows, Gloucestershire, opposite the church ; Rev.
H. J. Ellacombe." With., ed. 7., II., 426. An escape,
long since extinct. See note by Mr. T. B. Flower in
Phytol. HI., 854.

FRITTILLARIA, Linn.

765. F. Meleagris, L.

Native ; in pastures, probably now extinct.

G. "In a meadow below Winterbourne Church, since
ploughed ; May, 1859." Note in Dr. Stephens' copy of
Withering. In meadows at Bitton, near the Paper
Mills. Now extinct. Mr. T. B. Flower ; Phytol. I., 70.

S. Formerly abundant in a field or fields close to the
village of Compton Martin, as recorded in New B. G.
and by botanists more recently. This locality has been
thoroughly searched on two occasions, in 1883 and
1884, but the result was disappointing. We fear there
is little doubt that the report current in the neighbour-
hood is well grounded; and that " Old Henniker," as
the former proprietor of the land is irreverently called,

LILIACEJE. 199

did malevolently grub up and destroy the whole of this
beautiful plant, in order that people should no longer
annoy him by coming from all the country round to
gather it in his fields. We have conversed with old
inhabitants of the parish who have pointed out to us
the exact spot where they remember to have gathered
it, and who say that there were some plants with white
flowers. Reported to grow also in meadows in Litton
parish, but this we have not been able to inquire into.

ORNITHOGALUM, Linn.

766. 0. umbellatum, L.

Denizen or alien ; in meadows or orchards, and about old
gardens, very rare.

S. Bishport ; Herb. Stephens. " In a field near the
caisson at Combe Hay, Dr. Davis." Fl. Bathon. Also
reported from near Combe Hay by Mr. T. B. Flower.
Ditchbank at Burnham, not near a house, 1879; Miss
Winter. Meadow at Uphill; Dr. St. Brody. Noted at
Walton-in-Gordano by two or three observers ; the place
being probably the site of an old garden. " On the top
of a hill, three miles on this side Bristol " ; Ray. Syn.t
372. V.

767, 0. pyrenaicum, L.

Native ; in woods and on grassy hedgebanks. Very local,
but usually abundant where it does occur.

In our district this species is confined to a narrow tract of
country in North Somerset. The neighbourhood of
Bath is its headquarters, and it extends from that city
about eight miles to the westward, as far as Stockwood,
which we believe to be its western British limit.* At

* We may conclude from Kay's mention of this Ornithogalum
in the Bristol district that in his time it did not occur further west

200 LILIACE.E.

this point it approaches within four miles of Bristol.
The plant is found at intervals along the lanes from
Stockwood to Keynshatu, and more abundantly between
the latter place and Bath. Here it is met with in
profusion in many of the woods ; and we have noticed it
in plenty as far south as Dunkertou.
The you i g, unexpauded spikes are sometimes eaten like
asparagus, They are to be had in Bath Market and in
the shops of the city under the names of "Bath
asparagus," " wild asparagus," or " wild grass." Our
opinion, on experiment, is that the Bath substitute as
" a vehicle for melted butter " is very little inferior to
the cultivated esculent. VI.

GAGE A, Salisb.

768. Gk lutea, Ker.

Native ; in woods and bushy places, very rare and no
longer to be found in some of its old stations.

G. In thickets at Grauham Rocks, near Bitton ; quite
plentiful at one time, but now destroyed by quarrying ;
Mr. T. 13. Flower. " Wyck ; Miss Worsley." Bot.
Guide. Wyck; Mr. 8. Rootsey, F.L.S. Mr. Flower
tells us that formerly he found it very sparingly at
Wyck, among rocks on the left bank of the stream.

S. St. Ann's Wood, Brislington ; Rev. G. W. Braihen-
ridgc. Brislington ; Mr. S. Rootsey. It is likely that
the plant was extirpated at St. Ann's by the construction
of the Great Western Railway, as none has been found
there for many years. " Twerton Wood; Mr. Aldham."
Add. Ft. BatJwn. Near Mells ; Rev. R. Murray.

than it does now. " TTio. Willisellus observavit in colle quodain
tribus cis Bristoliam inilliaribus via qua inde Bathoniara itur."
Ray. Syn., 372.

LILIACE^E. 201

SCILLA, Linn.

769. S. autumnalis, L.

Native ; formerly on St. Vincent's Rocks, and perhaps also
on Clifton Down. Ray noticed it upon the Rocks, and
many other observers have recorded it from the same
place. Specimens from thence are to be seen in most of
the local herbaria of fhe last generation with dates
coming up to about 1860. We doubt if it has been
seen since the completion of the Clifton Suspension
Bridge and its approaches. Our information goes to
show that the plant grew plentifully near the Clifton
pier of the bridge, and was confined within a very small
compass. Swete, however (Fl. 78), gives also "the
sward on the top of the rocks." We will yet cherish
the hope that a few bulbs still remain in some little-
trodden morsel of turf; but as year after year passes
without a sign of their existence, the probability grows
rapidly fainter.

ALLIUM, Linn.

770. A. vineale, L. Crow-Garlic.

Native ; in pastures and on dry banks.

The flowering variety (p. bulbiferum. Syme, E. B.) is
very rare. About twenty well-marked plants were found
in August, 1883, growing in loose sandy soil upon a
ledge of St. Vincent's Rocks. The form compactum is
rather common in both counties. VII. VIII.

771. A. sphaerocephalum, L.

Native; very rare and local.

G. In small quantity on some ledges of St. Vincent's
Rocks ; perhaps a dozen plants yearly. More plentiful
on Durdham Down, nearly a mile away from the first
station. Here as many as forty flower-heads have been
seen in one season.

LILIACE.ZE.

This species is one of the gems of the Bristol Flora. We
are glad to say it runs no risk of destruction at the
hands of the quarryman,— a fate which in E. B., ed. 3,
is stated to have already befallen it, — but the more
refined weapons of the collector are hardly less deadly,
and from these there is danger, unless they be used solely
by scientific and unselfish hands. VIII.

772. A. oleraceum, L.

Native ; in pastures, among rocks, and sometimes in corn-
fields, rare. Singularly indifferent to the nature of soil
or situation : flourishing alike on limestone rocks and in
the rich riverside pasture land.

G. Prope Bristolium copiose ; Huds. Fl Angl. Corn-
fields at Lawrence Weston, July, 1833 ; Herb. Powell.
Stapleton ; Herb. Stephens. A good patch in a small
hollow on Durdham Down, 1882 and J883. In plenty
for half a mile on the bank of Avon near Sea Mills.

S. Ashton fields; Miss Ativood, and Mr. T. B.Flower.
Very abundant in one spot near the encampment on
the hill at Weston-super-Mare ; but, as might be
expected from the nature of the ground, the plants are
smaller and less vigorous than those on the Avon bank.
Mr. D. Fry. VII. VIII.

773. A. ursinum, L. Ramsons.

Native ; very abundant in most woods, copses, &c.,
throughout the district. V. VI.

ENDYMION, Dumort.

774. E. nutans, Dum. Blue-bell.

Native ; in woods and damp shady places, very common.
White-flowered plants have been observed at Filton,
and between Patchway and Charlton, G.; and in
Somerset near Clevedon, and in a wood between Abbot's
Leigh and the Tanpits. V.

MELANTHACEJE. 208

MELANTHACEA

OOLCHICUM, Linn.

775. C. autumnale, L. Meadow- Sdfron.

Native ; in pastures, woods, and old hedgebanks, rather

common.
G. In a pasture close to Westbury-on-Trym. Iron Acton.

Tortwortb. Yate.

S. Bisbport Wood. Brislington. Pastures on Dundry
Hill, and on tbe Bridgwater road under Dundry.
Abundant on Failand Farm. Field near Barrow Court
in plenty. Clevedon. Keynsham. Portbury. Yatton.
Wbitcburcb. Immense quantities in meadows on
Mendip, near Shipbam. Sbutsbelf Wood, near Ax-
bridge. Ball Wood, near Congresbury. Paul Wood,
near Temple Cloud. In old lanes on Mendip above
Sidcot ; and on the rougb stony ground at tbe bill-top
towards Churchill. In meadows at Churchill. Frequent
about Bath. Cameley. Chew Stoke. Compton Martin.
Horrington Bottom ; and elsewhere near Wells. Weston-
iu-Gordano. Wrington. Plants bearing white flowers
grow at Sutton, near Chew Magna ; near Whitchurch ;
near Hallatrow ; at Chelwood — " dozens of 'em in one
place " ; also at Whitley Batch, near by, and in meadows
at Stanton Prior.

An account of Colchicum flowering in spring (March,
1880), both on Failand Farm and in pastures on the
Bridgwater road, will be found in the Journ. of Bot.
for May, 1880. The author expressed an opinion that
this would not prove to be a permanent condition of the
plants, but one temporarily induced by the peculiarly
early and severe cold of the previous autumn. This
view has been justified by subsequent observation. In

204

JUNCACE.E.

the succeeding years the onset of winter was not
heralded by frost in September, and no spring-flowering
Colchicum has been seen since. IX. X.

NARTHECIUM, Huds.
776. N. OSSifragUm, Huds. Bog-Asphodel

Native ; on boggy hill sides, in elevated bogs on M eudip,

and in peaty marshes, rare and local.
S. About the sphagnous, boggy sources of streams on
Black Down. In bogs on Mendip, near Priddy and the
M merles. Moors south of Wedmore. VI. VII.

JUNCACE^E.

JUNCUS, Linn.

777. J. maritimus, Sm.

We cannot find this rush either in Gloucestershire or in
Somerset at the stations recorded, and are doubtful if
we do right in including the species here. The tract
of salt marshes where it is stated to have been found by
Mr. Collins is of large extent, and a most suitable
locality for the plant. Until further search has been
made we must not relinquish our claim to it.

G. Shirehampton Marshes ; Swete, Fl. 83.

S. Mouth of the Parret, in ditches ; not unfrequent near
the Channel, J. C. Collins, MSS. New B. G. Suppl.

778. J. effusus, L.

Native ; in marshes and on damp ground generally. Very
common. VII.

779. J. conglomeratus, L.

Native; in wet places. Common in many parts of the
district, but not so well distributed as the last species,

VII.

JUNCACE^fi. 205

780. J. glaucus, Sibth.

Native ; in wet places, common. VII.

781. J. obtusiflorus, Ehrh.

Native ; in marshes, very rare.

G. Ashley (Boiling Well); Mr. G. H. K. Thwaites aud

Mr. W. E. Green.
S. Walton Moor; Herb. Powell. Yattou ; MissWinter.

782. J. acutiflorus, Ehrh.

Native ; in peaty meadows aud damp places, very common.

VI,— VIII.

783. J. lamprocarpus, Ehrh.

Native ; on wet and peaty ground, common. VII. VIII.

784. J. nigritellus, D. Don.

Native. It grows abundantly on the marshy sands near
Berrow, S. VII. VIII.

785. J. SUpinuS, Moench.

Native ; in bogs and on peaty moors, rare and local.

S. Bogs on the slopes of Black Down, and about the
Mineries. Boggy ravine near Wells. Moors south of
Wedmore. VI.— VIII.

786. J. squarrosus, L.

Native ; on wet heaths aud moors, rare and local.
S. Bogs on Mendip at the Mineries aud about Black
Down. Moor near Clevedou. VI. VII.

787. J. compressus, Jacq.

Native; rather rare? We have been favoured with
several localities for this rush ; but the species is so
little understood that we regard them as resting on
doubtful authority.

G. Horfield ; Herb. Stephens.

206 TYPHACE.3B.

788. J. Gerardi, Lois.

Native ; in salt marshes and damp places near the coast.

Very common in such situations. VI. — VIII.

789. J. bllfonius, L. Toad-rush.
Native ; in wet places, common.

The Toad-rush, although common enough in many locali-
ties, is singularly absent from a few. For instance, it
is a rare plant in the vicinity of Clevedon. VII. VIII.
LUZULA, Cand.

790. L. sylvatica, Sicken.

Native; in woods and on shady banks. Very abundant
in many places. IV. — VI.

791. L. pilosa, Wilid.

Native ; in woods, common. V.

792. L. campestris, Wilid.

Native ; in pastures and dry places, very common. IV. V.

793. L. multiflora, Lej.

Native ; in damp peaty places, frequent. Our plant is

the form cotigesta.
G. Copse between Horfield and Stapleton ; Herb. Stephens.

Yate Common.
S. On Black Down. Cheddar. Downhead. Wells ; Miss

Livett. Moors south of Wedmore. VI. VII.

TYPHACE^E.
TYPHA, Linn.

794. T. latifolia, L. Reed-Mace.

Native ; in ponds and wet swamps, rather common.

VI. VII.

795. T. angustifolia, L.

Native ; very rare.

S. In a ditch on the peat moor south of Wedmore ; Mr.

ARACE.E. 207

T. F. Perkim ! Formerly in one of the locks on the
canal at Combe Hay ; Add. Fl. Bathon. " Ditches at
Burnham and Wembdon ; J. C. Collins, M8S." New
B. G. Suppl.

SPARGANIUM, L.

796. S. ramosum, Huds.

Native ; in wet ditches and pools, rather common. VI. VII.

797. S. simplex, Huds.

Native ; in ditches and streams, rare.

G. Baptist Mills ; Dr. Stephens. Ditches near Stapleton ;

Herb. Stephens.
S. Ditches near Clevedon. Walton-in-Gordano. Nailsea

Moor. Draycot. Moors south of Wedmore. In the

canal at Radford. Yatton. VII.

(S. natans, L., is stated by Swete (Fl. 82) to occur in

" ditches and marshes," as if common about Bristol.

This is an error.)

ARACE/E.

AGO R US, Linn.

798. A. Calamus, L. Sweet Flag.

Alien or denizen ; naturalized in one or two places.

S. Banks of the Avon at Batheastou, and between Newton
Bridge and Saltford ; where it is supposed to have been
introduced by the late Mr. Sole. In old turf pits at
Wedmore; Collinson's Hist. Somerset, 1791.

ARUM, Linn.

799. A. maculatum, L. (hickoo-pint. " Lords and Ladies:'
Native ; in woods and shady places, and on hedgebanks.

Very common. IV. V.

208 LEMNACE^. — POTAMOGETONACE^l.

LEMNACE^E.
LEMNA, Linn.

800. L. trisulca, L.

Native ; on water in ditches and stagnant pools, frequent.
G. Marsh ditches about Avonmouth and Shirehampton.
S. Marsh ditches in the Cheddar valley. Clevedon. Easton.

Radford. Weston-super-Mare. Yatton. Ditches south

of Wedmore.

801. L. minor, L.

Native ; very common everywhere on stagnant water.

802. L. gibba, L.

Native ; on stagnant water, not very common.

G. Plentiful in ditches of brackish water near the Severn,

between the Passages and Avonmouth. Horfield.

Shirehampton . W estbury-on-Trym.
S. Claverham. Yatton. Marsh ditches in the lowlands

towards the Channel.

803. L. polyrrhiza, L.

Native; chiefly in the peaty lowlands in the southern

portion of the district, rather local.
G. Stapleton. Littleton-ou-Severn.
S. Near Brent Knoll. Draycot. Portbury. Wedmore.

Yatton.

POTAMOGETONACEJE.
POTAMOGETON, Linn.

804. P. natans, L.

Native ; in rivers and ponds, rare.

G. In the river Frome near Stapleton. Pond at Henbury.

S. The Abbots' Pond. In the Avon near Brislington.

Clevedon. Yatton. VI. VII.

POTAMOGETONACE^E. 209

805. P. polygonifolius, Powr.

Native; in ditches and slow stream?, frequent.
G. Durslej. Berkeley. Yate Common.
S. In the canal at Radford. South Brent. Pools on
Mendip near the Mhieries and towards Wells. VII.

806. P. rufescens, Schmd.

Native ; in slow streams and ditches, rare.

G. Near St. Philip's Marsh ; Dr. H. 0. Stephens.

S. Marsh ditches near Axbridge. VII.

807. P. lucens, L.

Native ; in rivers and deepish water, frequent.

S. Frequent in the Avon between Bath and Bristol. In
the river Brue. In the canal near Radford. Nailsea
Moor. VI.

808. P. perfoliatus, L.

Native ; in deep water, rare.

S. Plentiful in the canal near Batb. In the river Avon
at Brislington. VII.

809. P. crispus, L.

Native ; in ditches and ponds, common. VI.

810. P. pusillus, L.

Native ; in ditches and ponds, frequent.

G. River Frome near Stapleton ; Mr. G. H. K. T/uvaitof.

S. River Avon near the Cotton Mills, and towards

Keynsham. In the canal by Bath; Add. FL Bathon.

Yatton. VI.

811. P. pectinatus, L.

Native ; in marsh ditches, frequent.

G. Ditches in Shirehampton Marshes. St. Philip's

Marsh.
S. Ditches near Pill ; Mr. W. E. Green. Kingston

Seymour ; Mr. D. Fry. VI. VII.

Q

210 NAI ADAGES.

812. P. densus, L.

Native; in ditches and streams, common. VI. VII.

RUPPIA, Linn.

813. K. rostellata, Koch.

Native.

G. In a brackish pool near the Avon below Shire-
hampton. V. VII r.

ZANNICHELLIA, Linn.

814. Z. palustris, L.

Native ; in stagnant water, rather common.

G. Abundant in Avonmouth Marshes. Filton Meads.

Horfield.
S. Pools at Bedminster and at Whitchurch. Stockwood.

Congresbury. Portishead. Yatton. V.— VIII.

NAIADACE^E.
ZOSTER A, Linn.

815. Z. nana, Potit.

Native ; in the muddy estuaries.

816. Z. marina, L.

Native; on the coast of N. Somerset.

Jfhrra 0f % §risi0I

ADDITIONS TO PART I

113.* Dianthus deltoides, L. Maiden Pink.

Native; fairly abundant in a pasture between Bris-
lington and Keynsham, S. One plant has lilac
petals ; and a small patch, with pure white flowers
and very pale foliage, may be D. Glaucus, L. First
noticed by Mr. David Fry, in May, 1886. The
plant is recorded for North Somerset in Topogr.
Botany, on the authority of Dr. Thwaites, but his
locality remained unknown. Very possibly Mr.
Fry has rediscovered it.

Moenchia erecta, Sm. in Somerset. See page 32. Prior
to May, 1886, our claim to possess this little plant
rested entirely upon the specimens contained in the
Stephens' Herbarium. As far as we knew no one
living had seen it growing in the Bristol district.
"We were therefore extremely glad to receive from
Mr. David Fry a specimen which he had gathered
on the coal-measures a short distance from Keyn-
sham. Shortly afterwards we examined the locality,
and found the plant distributed in tolerable quan-
tity over a rather limited area. It was associated
with TrifoUum subterraneum, T. filiforme, Ornithopus
perpusilluSj Myosotis versicolor, Aira prcvcox, and, to
our great satisfaction, with Scleranthus annuus.
One of Dr. Stephens' records is thus confirmed;
and on consideration of the situation and surround-

211

212 FLORA OF THE BRISTOL COAL-FIELD.

ings of the plant at Keynsham, we have ho doubt
whatever that Moenchia did formerly grow on
Brandon Hill, the other station mentioned by him.
It may indeed lurk there still, though we fear it
has been trampled out of existence.

There are some interesting facts connected with the
species found in association with the Moenchia.
They are all scarce plants in the vicinity of Bristol,
to be found for the most part in small quantities in
a very few places, and on the sanie geological
formation. But whether on Brandon Hill, at
Clevedon, at Mangotsfield, or in the Keynsham
locality, they are ever companions, sharing in
fellowship the barren and scanty soil upon which
alone they seem able to maintain themselves. It
may be that these plants are too weak and tiny to
exist among more robust vegetation, and that the
force of species competition is powerful in restrict-
ing them to the spots they occupy. It certainly
does not appear that dry and sterile habitats are
those best suited for the growth of the plants
in question. We have seen Scleranthus annuus
nourishing most luxuriantly as a weed on culti-
vated land, where it was taking full advantage of
depth of soil and elbow-room. But when at large
in the world, and left without favour to carry on
an unequal competition with the crowd of larger
species, the result in our experience is that it be-
comes banished to spots bare of, or unsuited to,
most other phanerogams.

Scleranthus annuus, L., in Somerset. On the coal-
measures near Keynsham ; not very plentiful. See
page 33.

FLORA

OF THE

BRISTOL COAL-FIELD

EDITED (FOB, THE BRISTOL NATURALISTS' SOCIETY) BY

JAMES WALTER WHITE,

Hon. Secretary of the Botanical Section.

" Eerum cognoscere causas." — VIKGIL.

PART VI.

GLUMLFEE,E, GYMNOSPEBMJE ET CEYPTO-

VASCULAEES.

BRISTOL j

PKINTED FOR THE SOCIETY.

1886.

PHANEROGAMIA.

Class 2. MONOCOTYLEDONES.
Div. 3. GLUMIFERJE.

CYPERACE^B.

CYPERUS. Linn.
817. C. longus. L.

Native at Walton-in-Gordano, S.

This rare and beautiful sedge has grown from time
immemorial in a small plot of very wet marshy
ground, believed to have been anciently a fish-pond,
and situate behind some cottages in the upper part
of the village. Sole, in a MS. dated 1782, says of
it, " Abundantly in a pond at Walton-in-Gordano,
near Possit, Somerset, a village belonging to Sir
Abraham Elton" (Possit = Portishead). The plant
continued to be plentiful until 1882, when the
occupier of the land ploughed it and planted
potatoes. At the end of August, 1883, we found
many stems coming up by the sides of two ditches
which intersect the field, and also among the crop ;
but in consequence of the disturbance their de-
velopment was much retarded, and flowering
delayed nearly two months. Since that time,

213

214 CYPEEACEJE.

owing to the drainage and cultivation, the sedge
has become reduced in quantity, and the stems
produced in successive seasons have failed to come
to maturity, whence it is to be feared that Cyperus
longus will soon be numbered among the lost rarities
of the district. VIII. IX.

SO H GENUS, Linn.

818. S. nigricans, L.

Native ; formerly on the coast between Clevedon and
Portishead, but now extinct.

" Clevedon " ; Herb. Stephens. " By the side of a
fresh- water spring which bubbles forth from amid
the bosom of the rocks, was Schcenus nigricans,
brown and muddy from the tide washing over it."
Mr. Leo H. Grindon : Phytol. vol. i. 566. Dr.
Stephens' specimen probably came from the spot
described by Mr. Grindon ; a place on the coast
towards Portishead, where we are satisfied the
plant no longer grows.

Mr. Grindon's discovery of Schcenus, as narrated
above, forms part of a pleasantly- written account
of a botanical ramble from Bristol to Clevedon, and
thence to Portishead, on July 6, 1842. In this
day's work, the botanist was fortunate, as besides
the sedge, he records Phleum arenarium at Ticken-
ham, and Calamagrostis Epigeios at Clevedon. All
of these plants are now unknown at the places
named.

(Cladium Mariscus, R. Br. "Wedmore and Burtle
Moor, Somerset." W. Sole, MS. 1782. Requires
confirmation.)

CYPERACE^. 215

RHYNCHOSPORA, Vahl.

819. R. alba, VaU.

Native ; in turfy bogs, very local.

S. About the boggy sources of streams on Mendip
at Blackdown. Plentiful in peat-moors on the
southern border of the district. VII. VIII.

820. R. fusca, 8m.

Native ; on peat-moors, perhaps now extinct.

S. " Burtle Moor, near Mark." W. Sole, MS. 1782.
See also remarks by Mr. Thos. Clark in his Cata-
logue of the Rarer Plants of the Turf Moors of
Somerset.

ELEOCHARIS, R. Br.

821. E. palustris, R. Br.

Native ; in marshy places, ditches, and about ponds.
Common. VI. VII.

822. E. multicaulis, Sm.

Native ; in marshy places, less frequent than the last.

VII.

SCIRPUS. Linn.

823. S. maritimus, L.

Native ; plentiful in brackish ditches and salt
marshes, by the sides of the Channel and tidal
rivers, sometimes occurring two or three miles
inland. VI. VII.

824. S. sylvaticus, L.

Native ; in damp meadows, rare.

G. " Boiling Well ! " Mangotsfield.

S. Abundant in a meadow under Highbury Hill,
near Hallatrow. A marshy field near Wells, Miss
Livett. " In wet places, frequent ; " Fl. Bathon.

VII.

216 CYPERACE^E.

825. S. lacustris, L.

Native ; in deep water, rare.

G. Baptist Mills. In the river Avon here and there
sparingly ; at Hanham Mill dam there is a larger
quantity. VI. VII.

826. S. caespitosus, //.

Native ; in boggy and heathy places, local.
S. Plentiful on Mendip at Blackdown and about the
Mineries. On the peat-moors in the south.

VII. VIII.

(8. fluitans, L. " Ditches frequent." Swete, Fl. 84.
Error.)

827. S. setaceus, L.

Native ; in marshes and on the borders of streamlets,
not common.

G. Boiling Well ; Herb. Stephens. Stapleton ; Mr.
W. E. Green. By a little stream near Mangotsfield
Station. Damp wood between Charfield and Tort-
worth.

S. Marshy spot close to the iron works at Ashton
Gate. Clevedon. Yatton Weston-in-Gordano.

VI. VII

BLYSMUS, Panz.

828. B. compressus, Panz.

Native ; probably extinct.

G. Mill dam, Stapleton ; Herb. Stephens. Stapleton,
Mr. 0. H. K. Thwaites.

S. In Claverton Wood, Dr. Davis. Fl. Bathon.
From a remark of Mr. Hewett Watson, it would
appear that the Bath record was subsequently con-
firmed by Mr. R. Withers.

CYPERACEJE. 217

ERIOPHORUM, Linn.

829. E. vaginatum, L. Hare's-tail Cotton Grass.

Native ; in bogs, local.

S. Plentiful in bogs on Mendip about the Mineries,
and very abundant in another bog near the Miners'
Arms Inn, also on Mendip. Peat-moor on the
southern border of the district. V. VI.

830. E. polystachion, L. Common Cotton Grass.

Native ; in bogs and marshes ; of wider distribution
than the last.

S. In all the bogs on Mendip, including the swampy
springs on the slopes of Blackdown. East Harp-
tree. Pensford. Yatton. Peat-moors in the south.

V. VI.

CAREX, Linn.
831. C. pulicaris, L.

Native ; in boggy and damp heathy places ; also on
commons among long grass.

Or. Alveston. Abundant in some spots on Clifton
and Durdham Downs ; close to the Zoological
Gardens, and on the upper slopes of the Gully.

S. On Leigh Down, near the reservoir. By the
stream between the Tanpits and Failand Farm.
In the fir plantation towards the upper' end of
Cheddar Gorge. On Blackdown, near the Mineries.
King's Wood, Yatton. V. VI.

(C. Davalliana, Sm. " Lansdown, on the slope of a
hill on which there is a clump of firs, about 11-
mile from Bath (Mr. E. Forster) ; " Fl. Bathon.
Now lost.)

218

CYPEEACE^.

832. C. disticha, Huds. C. intermedia, Good.

Native ; in boggy pastures, rare.

G. Filton Meads.

S. Near Hampton Rocks, Bath ; Mr. T. B. Flower.
Plentiful in some marshy pastures near Draycot
Peat-moors in the south. V. VI.

833. C. arenaria, L.

Native ; abundant on the sandy shore of the Bristol
Channel, particularly at Kewstoke, Weston-super-
Mare, and Burnham. VI.

834. C. divisa, Huds.

Native ; in marshes, very rare.

S. "In considerable abundance on Burtle turf -moor,
near the sea-coast." E. Withers, 1850. Label in
Herb. Watson. Near Kewstoke, Mr. T. F. Perkins.

835. C. vulpina, L.

Native; in wet, shady places, and on ditch-banks.
Common and generally distributed. VI. VII.

836. C. muricata, L.

Native; in damp hedge-banks and the borders of
pastures, rather common.

G. Plentiful in the lane leading from Sneyd Park
towards Sea Mills. In plenty near the bank of
Avon above Sea Mills. Peaty pastures in Filton
Meads. Pur Down. Stapleton ; Herb. Stephens.
Tortworth. Woods above Wotton-under-Edge.

S. Bishport. Clevedon. Combe Hay. Great Elm.
Sidcot. Shipham. Winterhead. Plentiful about
Wells. Weston-super-Mare. VI. VII,

CYPERACEffi. 219

837. C. divulsa, Good.

Native ; on grassy banks, rather common.

G. In several places about Coombe Dingle. In a
grassy hollow (old quarrying) on Durdham Down,
1884. Plentiful about Charfield and at Damory
Bridge. Abundant on some damp hedge-banks
between Thornbury and Aust. Shirehampton.
Wotton-under-Edge.

S. Leigh Woods. Clevedon. Churchill. Congres-
bury. Between Cleeve and Yatton. Great Elm.
About the Tanpits and on Failand Farm. Keyn-
sham. Norton Malreward. Portishead. West
Harptree. Whitchurch. Yatton. V. VI.

838. C. paniculata, L.

Native ; in wet and boggy places, rare and local.

S. Ditch-banks near Axbridge. Bog in the valley
near Winscombe. Ditch-banks south of Wedmore.
Bogs on Mendip at the Mineries. In very large
tussocks abundant on both banks of the canal near
Radford and Camerton. VI. VII.

(0. teretiuscula, Good. The old records in Swete's
Flora and elsewhere much need verification.)

839. C. axillaris, Good.

Native ; very rare.

G. It grows plentifully in one spot between Char-
field Station and the gates of Tortworth Park,
where it was first noticed by Mr. W. B. Waterfall
in 1882.

S. Cheddar, 1883 ; Mr. Richards. Several stations
a little outside our district are mentioned in Add.
Fl. Bathon. VI.

220 CYPERACE^J.

840. C. remota, L.

Native ; in moist woods and on hedge-banks. Abun-
dant in many places a few miles from Bristol, but
is not seen very frequently close by the city.

Gr. Aust. Very plentiful about Berkeley, and also
near Tortworth. Near the Duchess Ponds at
Stapleton. Henbury. Near Filton. Littleton-on-
Severn. Sodbury. Thornbury. Winterbourne. •

S. Bishport. Churchill. Clevedon. Border of a
field near the Tanpits under Failand Hill. Leigh
Wood. Near Hallatrow. Portbury. St. Ann's
Wood, Brislington. Woodborough and Wins-
combe. In plenty between Yatton and Clevedon.
Bishop's Wood and Knowle, near Wells. Easton.
AshamWood. Whatley. Wrington. VI.

841. C. stellulata, Good.

Native ; in bogs and swamps, frequent.

Or. Near Damory Bridge. Marshy spots by Man-
gotsfield Common. Shirehampton ; Herb. Stephens.
Stapleton ; Swete, Fl. 85. Yate Common.

S. Abundant on the swampy margin of the stream
between the Tanpits and Failand Farm. Black-
down. Cheddar. Downhead Common. Upper
Knowle. The Mineries. Boggy fields below
Winscombe. Walton-in-Grordano. Wells. Yatton.

V. VI.

842. C. ovalis, Good.

Native ; on commons and in damp pastures, frequent.

Gr. Formerly on Durdham Down; Mr. G. H. K.
Thwaites. Berkeley. Mangotsfield Common. Tort-
worth. Yate Common. Near Stapleton ; Mr. W,
E. Green.

CYPERACE.E. 221

S. Damp places in many of the rough pastures on
the Mendip Hills. By the stream below Failand
Farm. Walton Drove, near Clevedon. Upper
Knowle ; Rev. W. H. Painter. Wedmore. Wrington.

VI. VII.
438. C. vulgaris, Fries.

Native ; in marshes and wet places, frequent.

G. Marsh near Baptist Mills. Filton Meads. Charl-
ton. Stoke Gifford. Yate Common.

S. Boggy pastures under Dundry Hill, near the
reservoirs. Bedminster Meads. Blackdown, on
Mendip. Clevedon. Marshy pastures in the
lowlands between Cheddar and Draycot. By the
stream below Failand Farm. Radford. Timsbury.
Stanton Prior. V. VI.

844. C. pallescens, L.

Native ; in damp woods and pastures, rare.

G. Copse between Horfield and Filton; Dr. H. 0.

Stephens. Berwick Wood, near Henbury, June,

1883.
S. Sparingly in a marshy pasture under the western

slope of Dundry Hill, May 30, 1*880. One or two

plants in an open glade in Leigh Wood; Mr. E.

Wheeler. Peaty meadow below Winscombe; Mr.

W. E. Green. V. VI.

845. C. panicea, L.

Native ; in meadows and marshes, and also on lime-
stone hills. Common and well distributed.

G. Plentiful in Black Rock Gully, and in one or two
other spots on Durdham Down (limestone). Ash-
ley Hill. Alveston. Charlton. Filton. Horfield.
Mangotsfield. Thornbury. Yate Common.

222 CYPERACEJJ.

S. Among the heath and in long grass on Leigh
Down (limestone). Barrow Gurney, and the
meadows under the western slope of Dundry Hill.
Bedminster Meads. Common about Blackdown
on Mendip, and elsewhere in that district. Be-
tween the Tanpits and Failand Farm. Walton
Drove, and in other places near Clevedon. Bogs
on Mendip towards Wells. Woodborough. Yatton.

V. VI.

A curious variety or monstrosity of 0. panicea was
met with near Bristol some years ago. It had
double perigynia, the second or upper one with its
peduncle passing through the orifice in the lower
one.

(C. limosa, L., has been recorded foom the bogs on
Mendip ; but probably in error.)

846. C. strigosa, Huds.

Native ; in ditches and wet places, rare.

G. Llewellyn's Wood, Westbury ; Dr. H. 0. Stephens.
Lanewood and Shortwood, Pucklechurch ; Wither-
ing, II. 97.

S. Ditch-bank by the side of a lane between Cleeve
and Yatton ; first reported by Miss Winter. The
plant grows here plentifully in a patch some yards
in extent. Bishop's Wood, Wells; Rev. E. S.
Marshall, 1883. Banks of the brook, Nailsea;
Herb. Stephens. Wraxall; Dr. H. 0. Stephens.
" In woods at Charlcombe and Claverton, Dr.
Davis " ; Fl. Bathon. V. VI.

847. C. pendula, Huds.

Native ; in moist woods/and damp, shady hedge-banks,
rather common.

CYPBEACE^. 223

. Baptist Mills. In many places between Almonds-
bury and Compton Greenfield. Abundant about
Berkeley. Charfield. Tortworth. Plentiful in
Berwick Wood, Henbury.

S. Bishport, and in several other places under
Dundry Hill. St. John's Lane, Bedminster. Long
Ashton. Leigh Woods. Stockwood. Whitchurch.
Canal Bank, and elsewhere near Monckton Combe.
Farrington Gurney. Stone Easton. Paul Wood,
near Temple Cloud. Borders of streams near
Wells ; Miss Livett. Wrington. Yatton.

V. VI.

848. C. humilis, Leyss. (0. clandestine Good.)

Native ; on downs and limestone hills, very rare and
local. It is seldom found in level turf, but prefers
steep, rocky banks, and the edges of old excava-
tions.

G. St. Vincent's Rocks and Clifton and Durdham
Downs, plentiful in some spots. Not abundant
above the Suspension Bridge, although it is scat-
tered over the slopes towards the Zigzag, and more
sparingly between the Zigzag and Ghyston House.

S. Limestone slopes under Leigh Wood, rather
scarce. Abundant on Brean Down. IV.

849. C. digitata, L.

Native ; in a wood and thickets on limestone, now

confined to a very small area.
G. Amid the underwood on St. Vincent's Bocks ;

usually closely concealed in long grass beneath the

bushes, and needing sharp eyes to detect it.
S. Mossy ledges and recesses in Leigh Wood, where

the rock is damp and shaded. Here the plants are

224 CYPERACE-E.

larger and more numerous than on the Gloucester-
shire rocks opposite. IV. V.

850. C. praecox, Jacq.

Native ; on downs, dry banks, and pastures, common,
and generally distributed. Tall specimens are
sometimes found in marshy fields, which in habit
much resemble the next species. IV. V.

851. C. pilulifera, L.

Native; on downs, heaths, and commons, probably
more frequent than our records show.

G. Clifton and Durdham Downs, growing chiefly in
the furzy spots among coarse grasses. Blaise Castle
Wood ; Herb. Powell.

S. Downhead Common. Wells. V. VI.

852. C. glauca, Scop.

Native; in meadows and pastures, on downs and
about rocks. Very common and universally dis-
tributed. V. VI.

853. -C. flava, L.

Native ; in marshes and boggy places, frequent.

It is probable that all our plants belong to var. ft
C. lepidocarpa, Tausch, as we have not yet met
with any eu-flava genuina, Syme.

G. Wet places about Mangotsfield Common. Yate
Common. Formerly on Durdham Down and at
Shirehampton ; Swete, Fl. 85.

S. On the swampy margin of the stream between
the Tanpits and Failand Farm. Boggy sources of
streams on Blackdown and elsewhere on the Men-
dip Hills. Cheddar. The Mineries. Shipham.
Walton-in-Gordano. V. VI.

CYPERACEJ;. 225

854. C. extensa, Good.

Native ; in salt marshes, very rare.
S. Sandy marsh on the coast at Berrow. Weston-
snper-Mare ; Herb. Stephens. VI.

855. C. distans, L.

Native ; in meadows and marshes, frequent.

G. Abundant in the meadows by the Avon below
Cook's Folly. Baptist Mills. By the Severn near
Berkeley, and elsewhere in the lowlands lower
down. Chipping Sodbury. Plentiful in Filton
Meads.

S. Bedminster Meads. Barrow Gurney. Chew
Magna. Great Elm. Highbridge. Uphill. Walton-
in-Gordano. Yatton. V. VI.

856. C. binervis, 8m.

Native ; on moors and commons, rather rare and

local.
G. Blaise Castle; Swete, FL 85. Horfield, and

Boiling Well ; Herb. Stephens. Yate Common.
S. Downhead Common. Abundant on Blackdown,

and at the Mineries on Mendip. VI. VII.

857. C. depauperata, Good.

Native. We understand that this has only been
gathered twice, and is likely to be now extinct.

S. "Axbridge (Norman)"; H&rb. Watson. Wood
near Axbridge ; Mr. T. B. Flower, who sent speci-
mens to the British Museum, and states that the
locality has been destroyed.

858. C. sylvatica, Huds.

Native ; in woods, common throughout the district.

V. VI.

226 CYPEEACE^l.

859. C. Pseudo-cyperus, L.

Native ; on the margins of ponds and ditches. Fre-
quent in the southern portion of the district; very
rare in the northern.

G. Winterbourne ; Mr. T. B. Flower, Phytol I. 328.

S. In many places in the lowlands from Clevedon
to Ken and Yatton. Very abundant by Walton
Drove. Pondside, Woodborough. The Watchets,
near Wells. Ditch-banks south of Wedmore to-
wards the peat-moors, where this sedge becomes
extremely common. VI. VII.

860. C. hirta, L.

Native ; in wet pastures, frequent.

G. Alveston. Cnarlton. Cromhall. Baptist Mills
Chipping Sodbury. Charfield. Patchway. Staple-
ton. Tortworth. Tytherington. Wotton-under-
Edge. Yate.

S. Pastures by the stream at Bishport. Crox Top.
Brean. Plentiful in peaty fields near Barrow
Gurney. Failand Farm. Walton-in-Gordano.
Wells. Winscombe. IV. V.

861. C. ampullacea, Good.

Native ; in bogs and marshes, rare.

S. Clevedon ; Mr. E. Wheeler. Bogs at the Mineries
on Mendip ; Rev. R. P. Murray. Abundant on the
peat-moors in the south. VI.

862. C. paludosa, Good.

Native ; in ditches and marshes, frequent. It is very
likely to be more widely distributed than appears
from our notes.

G. Marsh at Baptist Mills. By the Frome near
Stapleton.

GRAMINE2E. ' 227

S. Clevedon. Keynsham ; Mr. D. Fry. Flax Boar-
ton. Monckton Combe. About Wells ! Miss Livett.
Yatton! Miss Winter. Common near Bath; Fl.
Bathon. V. VI.

863. C. riparia, Curt.

Native ; in water, and by the sides of rivers and

streams, frequent.
G. Alveston. Aust. Elburton. Filtoii. Siston.

Marsh at Baptist Mills. Glen Fromc. Tortworth.
S. Bank of Avon under Leigh Wood. Clevedon

Portbury. Long Ashton. Brislington. By the

Avon at Keynsham, and higher up the river.

Marsh ditches in the Cheddar Valley. V. VI.

GRAMINE^E.

(JEchinochloa Crus-galli, Beauv. This large coarse
grass appeared in 1883 upon the dredgings from
the bed of the Avon and from the Float, which had
been deposited the year before in the Black Rock
Quarry. In 1884 there were eight or nine fine
plants. Like many other aliens which sprang up
at the same time and place, it will perhaps con-
tinue for a short time, and then disappear.)

(Panicum miliaceum, L. Casual. Seven or eight
plants on dredgings deposited in the Black Rock
Quarry, 1883 and 1884.)

SETARIA, Pal. de Beam:

864. S. viridis, Beauv.

Colonist. A weed in cultivated fields, gardens and

waste ground, rather rare.
G. In turnip fields by the Avon, at Hanham, 1882.

228 ' GRAMINE2E.

Near Stapleton Mill, 1883. St. Philip's Marsh.
On dredgings in the Black Rock Quarry, 1883 and
1884.

S. Bank of Avon near Bownham Ferry. On the
railway near Panlton, 1881. VII. VIII.

($. glauca, Beauv. Casual. Several plants on dredg-
ings in the Black Bock Quarry, 1884.)

PHALARIS, Linn.

865. P. canariensis, Canary-grass.

Alien ; in waste places, roadsides and occasionally in
cornfields, frequent. It may always be found on
the rubbish in St. Philip's Marsh, and about the
floating harbours in Bristol, in company with other
waifs and strays from town and trade. VII.

866. P. amndinacea, L.

Native ; in and by water, common.

G. Bank of Avon as far down as Crew's Hole.
Between Bedland and Horfield. Berkeley. Char-
field. Charlton. Ditches near Henbury. Glen
Frome, Stapleton. Westbury-on-Trym.

S. Ashton Gate, near the iron works. Bank ofv
1 Avon, abundant from Bath downwards. Lock's
Mills, near Bedminster. Camerton. Paulton. Port-
bury. Portishead. Walton-in-Gordano. Croscombe
and Knowle, near Wells. Winscombe. Weston-
super-Mare. Marsh ditches throughout the Ched-
dar Valley. Brent. Burnham. VI. VII.

ANTHOXANTHUM, Linn.

867. A. odoratum, L. Sweet-scented Vernal Grass.

Native; in meadows and pastures. Very common,
and generally distributed. V. VI.

GRAMINEJE. 229

PHLEUM, Linn.

868. P. arenarium, L.

Native ; on the sands of the Channel shore between
Burnham and Weston- super-Mare ; also on Kew-
stoke sands. VI. VII.

(P. asperum, Jacq. " Habitat in pratis, infra King's
Weston prope Bristolium ; " Huds. Fl. Anglica.
Swete gives it as having grown near Kingsweston
Inn, in 1845. These were probably ballast plants,
as would be also the Trifolium resupinatum formerly
found in the same locality. They have since been
searched for many times in vain.)

869. P. pratense, L. Timothy-grass.

Native; in meadows and pastures, everywhere com-
mon. The slightly tuberous form (P. nodosum, L.)
is not unfrequent on dry hills. VI.

ALOPECURUS, Linn.

870. A. pratensis, L. Fox-tail Grass.

Native ; in meadows and pastures, very common and
abundant on all rich land. V. VI.

871. A. geniculatus, L.

Native ; in marshes and on edges of ponds and wet
ditches, common and generally distributed.

VI. VII.

872. A. bulbosus, L.

Native ; in salt marshes, very local.
Gr. Pastures adjoining the Avon below Bristol, ex-
tremely abundant near Shirehampton. VI.

873. A. agrestis, L.

Colonist ; in cultivated fields and in waste places,
often on the lias clays, frequent.

230 GKAMINEJ;.

G. Bank of Avon under the Downs. St. Philip's
Marsh. Cornfields at Lawrence Weston.

S. Permanent and plentiful in cornfields about
Bishport. Knowle. Whitchurch. Abundant in
cornfields near Portishead. Worle Hill. Wells.
Frequent about Bath. IV.— VII.

NARDUS, Linn.

874. N. stricta, L.

Native ; on wet heaths and commons, rather rare.

Gr. Mangotsfield. Warmley. Yate Common.

S. Sparingly among the sedges on the boggy margin
of the stream between the Tanpits and Failand
Farm. Bogs on Blackdown. Frequent on Mendip
near the Mineries. VI. VII.

Ml LIU M, Linn.

875. M. effusum, L.

Native ; in woods, frequent.

G. Almondsbury. Aust. Henbury. Patchway. Be-
tween Stoke Bishop and Shirehampton. Wooded
banks in Glen Frome, Stapleton.

S. Leigh Wood. Stockwood. Abundant in woods
at Portishead. Clevedon. Barrow Gurney. Chew
Magna. Maes Knoll. Woods around Pensford.
Bishop's Wood, Wells. Wraxall. VI.

PHRAGMITES, Trin.

876. P. communis, Trin. Reed.

Native ; in wet ditches, and by the sides of rivers and
ponds. Common, especially in the extensive marsh-
lands of the district. VII. VIII.

GRAMINE2E. 231

PSAMMA, Pal. de Beauv.

877. P. arenaria, E. fy S. Mat Grass.

Native ; in loose sea-sands, abundant on the coast of
North Somerset. Its great importance as a means
of restraining the drifting sand is recognised among
the huge sand-hills towards Berrow and Burnham,
where this grass is systematically planted in situa-
tions needing its binding agency. Were it not
for its powerful influence in building up suitable
barriers against the advance of the shore sand, im-
pelled by the prevailing west winds, a large tract
of land now under cultivation would be rendered
desert and useless. VII. VIII.

CALAMAGROSTIS, Adans.

878. C. epigeios, Both.

Native ; in thickets and shady places, very rare.

S. Border of Bishop's Wood, Wells ; Miss Livett.
By the roadside between the Monument and Tracy
Park; Fl. Bathon. It has been reported to grow
also at Clevedon, Hutton, and elsewhere, but upon
insufficient authority. VII.

AGROSTIS, Linn.

879. A. canina, L.

Native ; on downs, heaths, and commons, frequent.
G-. Clifton Down. Filton. Mangotsfield Common.

Stapleton. Yate Common.
S. Backwell. Blackdown on Mendip. Upper

Knowle. Dundry Hill. Leigh Down. VII. VIII.

880. A. vulgaris, With.

Native ; on banks and in dry pastures, very common.

VI. VII.

232 GEAMINE^J.

881. A. alba, L.

Native ; in marshes and damp pastures everywhere.
The var. J3 stolonifera has been gathered on sea-sand
at Burnham and Weston-super-Mare, and on mud
in the New Cut by Bathurst Wharf. VII.

POLYPOGON, Desf.

882. P. monspeliensis, Desf.

Alien. Until a few years ago this beautiful grass was
connected with the Bristol Flora solely through a
communication (" Near Bristol ") made by Miss
Alice Worsley (afterwards Mrs. Russell) to Mr.
Hewett Watson, and published in the New Botanists'
Guide, 1835. In 1883 it was found growing luxuri-
antly upon the material dredged from the bed of
the Avon and from the basins, which had been
placed the year before in a river-side quarry.
It has continued there to the present time.
Although the circumstances under which it was
gathered by Miss Worsley are unknown, the re
currence of this species on the bank of the river
goes toward showing that it may formerly have
been an inhabitant of the Avon valley.

883. P. littoralis, 8m.

Possibly native in St. Philip's Marsh, G., where we
have known it many years.

In weighing the claim of this plant to be indigenous
in a locality where the original soil is in process of
conversion into bricks and pottery, and of replace-
ment by mounds of ashes, rubbish, and refuse of
all sorts, it should be borne in mind that, in its
primitive condition, St. Philip's Marsh undoubtedly
was a fitting station for the species under notice,

GRAMINE.E. 233

which in this country grows only near the sea or in
marshes washed by tidal rivers. Unhappily, our
interest in the question whether P. littoralis truly
belongs to the aboriginal Bristol Flora is overborne
by the certainty that in a little while it will exist
only in our herbaria.

GASTRIDIUM, Pal. de Beauv.

884. G. lendigerum, Gaud.

Native; scattered over a very small area on the
Gloucestershire bank of the Avon, below Bristol.
There is little doubt that all the published records
of the occurrence of this grass on St. Vincent's
Bocks, Durdham Down, and the bank of Avon,
may be referred to the same small tract of lime-
stone upon which it now grows ; although its ex-
tent is less than it was formerly. Mr. T. B. Flower
tells us that he used to find it behind the New
Hotwell House, long since removed. That spot is
situate on the river-bank, some distance from the
present station for the plant. VII. VIII.

HOLCUS, Linn.

885. H. lanatus, L.

Native ; in meadows, pastures, hedge-banks, and
waste places. Very common and universally dis-
tributed. VI. VII.

886. H. mollis, L.

Native ; in woods, hedge-banks, and pastures, very
much less common than the preceding species.

VI. VII.

234 GRAMINEJ).

AIR A, Linn.

887. A. caespitosa, L.

Native ; in moist woods and damp hedges. Common

and abundant in suitable positions.
We have observed the var. brevifolia in Leigh Woods.

VII.

888. A. flezuosa, L.

Native ; on heaths, banks, and dry open spaces in
woods, frequent.

G. Berkeley. Dursley. Conham, and Trooper's
Hill; Herb. Stephens. Glen Frome. Stapleton.
Mangotsfield. Sodbury. Wotfcon-under-Edge.

S. Lane between Abbot's Leigh and the Tanpits.
Hedge-banks between Portbury and Tickenham,
and on the high ground near Wraxall. Court Hill
and Norton Wood, Clevedon. Blackdown on Men-
dip. On Lansdown, near Bath. In several places
near Wells. VII.

889. A. caryophyllea, L.

Native ; in dry places, rare.
G. Almondsbury. On the pennant at Conham.
S. Abundant on Leigh Down. Brean Down. Near
Keynsham. V.

890. A. praecox, L.

Native ; on dry, rocky, or sandy soil, chiefly on the
coal measures, frequent.

G. Brandon Hill, still in plenty. On Durdham
Down, sparingly. Mangotsfield Common. Con-
ham ; Mr. W. E. Green. Yate Common.

S. Between Brislington and Keynsham, plentiful.
On the Court and Strawberry Hills, and in other
spots about Clevedon, apparently confined to the
pennant formation ; Mr. D. Fry. IV. V.

235

TRISETUM, Pers.

891. T. flavescens, Beauv.

Native ; in meadows and dry places, very common.

VII.
AVENA, Linn.

892. A. fatua, L. Wild Oat.

Colonist; on the borders of cultivated fields and

among the crops, rather rare.
G. Henbury. Horfield. Fishponds.
S. Near Abbot's Leigh. Portishead. Plentiful in

fields on the coast near Woodspring, 1883 and

1885. Occasionally near Wells ; Miss Livett.

Weston-super-Mare. Frequent about Bath; Fl.

Bathon. VII.

893. A. pratensis, L.

Native ; on limestone hills and banks, frequent.

G. In plenty on Clifton and Durdham Downs.

Kingsweston Down. Stinchcombe Hill. Nibley

Knoll.
S. Brean Down. Leigh Down. Common on the

Mendip Hills, as at Winterhead, Shipham, and

Cheddar. Hilly pastures near Bath. VI. VII.

894. A. pubescens, L.

Native ; on downs, dry hills, and sometimes in
meadows. Much more common than the last, and
not so strictly confined to the carboniferous lime-
stone strata, although showing a decided preference
for that formation.

G. St. Vincent's Rocks. Clifton and Durdham
Downs. Henbury. Sodbury. Wotton-under-
Edge and Nibley Knoll. Wyck. Yate.

S. Leigh Down. Bedminster Down. Brean Down.

236 QKAMINE.E.

In pastures at Whitchurch. Pastures between
Bedminster and Bourton, and in the railway
cutting. Frequent at Clevedon. Keynsham.
Wraxall. Cranmore and Milton Hill, Wells.
Hilly pastures near Bath. VI.

ARRHENATHERUM, Pal. de Beauv.

895. A. elatius, M. fy K. Oat-grass.

Native ; in hedges, pastures and cultivated fields.
Very common, and generally distributed.

The var. /? nodosum, with the base of the stem en-
larged into a string of bulb-like knobs, is very
abundant, especially in cultivated ground. VI. VII.

TRIODIA, R. Br.

896. T. decumbens, Beauv.

Native ; on downs, heaths, and dry hills, rare and

local.

Or. Clifton and Durdham Downs. Yate Common.
S. Leigh Down. Pasture near Brislington. On the

Mendips above Draycot. Near Claverton, Fl.

BatJion. Dulcote Hill, Wells. VI. VII.

KCELERIA, Per*.

897. K. cristata, Pers.

Native ; on downs and dry banks, rather common.
Or. Very abundant nearly over the whole of Clifton

and Durdham Downs, particularly near the river.

St. Vincent's Rocks. Wyck Rocks.
S. Leigh Down. Brean Down. Upper Knowle

Clevedon, abundantly. On the hill-side at Weston-

super-Mare. Cheddar. Shipham. Winterhead.

VI. VII.

GRAMINEJJ. 237

MELICA, Linn.

898. M. uniflora, Eetz.

Native ; in woods and shady places, common.

G. Berkeley. Dursley. Wotton-under-Edge. Tort-
worth. Cook's Folly Wood. Blaise Castle Wood.
Sea Mills.

S. Leigh Wood. St. Ann's Wood, Brislington
Bishport. Barrow Gurney. Clevedon. Congres-
bury. Portbury. Portishead. Weston-in-Gordano.
Wells. V. VI.

MO LIN I A, Schrank.

899. M. ccerulea, Moench.

Native ; on wet heaths and commons, rare and local.

G. Yate Common. Specimens in the Stephens
Herbarium show that it formerly grew on Durdham
Down, where it is no longer to be found.

S. Abundant on the Mendip Hills, at Blackdown, and
about the Mineries. VII. VIII.

POA, Linn.

900. P. annua, L.

Native ; very common everywhere. III. — IX.

901. P. nemoralis, L.

Native ; in woods and hedges, frequent.

G. St. Vincent's Rocks. Blaise Castle Wood. Stoke
Lane, Stapleton. Copse between Horfield and
Filton. Bitton. Westbury-on-Trym.

S. Leigh Woods. Brislington. Flax Bourton. Portis-
head. Walton-in-Gordano. Wells. VI. VII.

902. P. trivialis, L.

Native ; in meadows, pastures, and waste places, very
common and generally distributed. VI.

238 GEAMINE^J.

903. P. pratensis, L.

Native ; in meadows, pastures, and waste places, very

common and generally distributed.
The var. ft subcoerulea is the common grass of wall

tops in the vicinity of Bristol. VI. VII.

904. P. compressa, L.

Native ; on dry banks and walls, chiefly by the tidal

Avon, rather rare.
Gr. Bank of Avon at intervals from Sea Mills to the

Suspension Bridge.
S. Bank of Avon under Leigh Wood. Bedminster.

Clevedon.
The wall-top variety of P. pratensis is sometimes

reported for this species. VII.

GLYCERIA, R.Br.

905. G. aquatica, 8m.

Native ; in ditches, rivers, and ponds. Common and

abundant in the marshy lowlands of North

Somerset.
G. Bank of Avon above Bristol at Conham. Pilning.

Littleton-on-Severn.
S. Bank of Avon at St. Ann's, Brislington. Canal

at Radford. Marsh ditches throughout the Cheddar
' Valley to Brent, Burnham, and Highbridge. VII.

906. G. fluitans, R. Br.

Native ; in water, very common. VI. — VIII.

SCLEROCHLOA, Beauv.

907. S. maritima, Lindl.

Native ; in salt marshes and on the muddy banks of

GRAMINE55. 239

tidal rivers, and inlets from the Channel. Abun-
dant in the mud 011 both sides of the Avon.

VI. VII.

908. S. procumbens, Beauv.

Native ; on waste ground near the banks of the tidal

Avon, very local.
GL St. Philip's Marsh. New Cut, by the General

Hospital. Hotwells. Bank of the river under the

Downs, and here and there as far as Shirehampton.

Abundant on dredgings deposited in the Black

Rock Quarry, 1883 and 1884.
S. Bank of the river at Rownham. VI. VII.

909. S. distans, Bab.

Native ; in damp waste places by tidal water, local.
Gr. In many places near the Avon, from St. Philip's

Marsh to Shirehampton.
S. Similarly by the New Cut, and at Rownham

Ferry. Burnham. VI.— VIII.

910. S. rigida, Link.

Native ; on and under old walls, and in other dry
places. Very common. VI. VII.

911. S. loliacea, Woods.

Native ; in one or two spots near the Bristol Channel,

very rare.
S. Sparingly on the hill- side near the pier at Birn-

beck, Weston-super-Mare. Burnham ; Miss Livett.

BRIZA, Linn.

912. B. media, L. Quaking Grass.

Native ; in meadows and dry pastures, very common.

VI.
(B. minor, L. There is a specimen in the herbarium

240 GRAMINE.E.

of the Bristol Naturalists' Society, stated to have
been collected on St. Vincent's Rocks by Dr. Dyer.
It was doubtless a casual introduction.)

CATABROSA, Pal de Beauv.

913. C. aquatica, Beauv.

Native ; in ponds and ditches, frequent.

G. Alveston. Berkeley. Bank of Avon above
Bristol. Hallen. Henbury. Filton Meads. Pools
about Horfield Common. Edges of ponds near
Chipping Sodbury and Yate. Siston.

S. Meadows by Lock's Mills. Ditches at Portbury
and towards Portishead. Nailsea. Yatton. Marsh
ditches and ponds near Woodborough and in the
Cheddar Valley. Pools on Mendip near the
Mineries. Peat-moors below Wedmore. Common
near Bath ; Fl. Bathon. VI. VII.

CYNOSURUS, Linn.

914. C. cristatus, L. Dog's-tail Grass.

Native ; in meadows and pastures. Very common
and generally distributed. VII. VIII.

DACTYLIS, Linn.

915. D. glomerata, L. Cock's-foot Grass.

Native ; in meadows and pastures. Very common
and generally distributed. VI. VII.

FESTUCA, Linn.

916. F. uniglumis, Sol.

Native ; on sea-sands, very local.

S. Abundant on dunes and among loose sand on the
Channel shore above Burnham. VI.

GRAMINEJ8. 241

917. P. sciuroides, Both.

Native ; on dry banks and waste sandy places, show-
ing a partiality for the pennant formation. Fre-
quent.

G. On banks about Clifton and Durdham Downs.
Dry places on the bank of Avon under the Downs.
Brandon Hill. On quays by Cumberland Basin
Plentiful on rubble about the pennant quarries in
Glen Frome. Troopers' Hill, by Crew's Hole.
Mangotsfield. Pucklechurch.

S. Dry places on the bank of Avon below Bristol.
On walls and dry rocky banks at Clevedon; Mr.
D. Fry. Between Brislington and Keynsham, on
coal-measures. On the hill at Weston-super-Mare.

VI. VII.

918. F. Pseudo-Myurus, Soyer.

Native ; on dry waste ground, rare.

G. In plenty at the foot of the rocks under Durdham

Down. On the mounds of scoriae, Crew's Hole.

On old colliery debris near Warmley. Stapleton ;

Her b. Stephens. Near Mount's Hill, Kings wood ;

Dr. Hasse. Sparingly on a rocky bank close to

Thornbury station, June, 18&4. Wyck Rocks ;

Add. Fl. Bathon.
S. About the quarries on the bank of Avon, under

Leigh Wood. Stockwood ; Herb. Stephens.

VI. VII.

919. F. ovina, L.

Native ; in dry pastures, commons and banks, common.

VI.

920. F. rubra, L.

Native; on the Downs, banks, and dry pastures,
common. VI.

T

242 GEAMINEJ:.

921. P. oraria, Dum.

Native. Mr. J. Gr. Baker has considered some plants
gathered on the bank of Avon, in Ashton Fields, S.,
to be the F. subulicola of Leon Dnfour and other
botanists; Swete, FL 92. As this Festuca is
generally distributed on European sea-coasts, it
is highly probable that we shall also find it among
the sand dunes between Burnham and Brean.

922. F. gigantea, Vitt.

Native ; in woods and hedges, rather common.

Gr. Clifton Down. Shady banks of the Frome, near
Stapleton. Filton. Henbury. Copse near New
Passage. Between Thornbury and Littleton-on-
Severn. Tortworth. Wotton-under-Edge.

S. Thickets on Bedminster Down. St. Ann's Wood,
Brislington. Between Abbot's Leigh and the
Tanpits. Flax Bourton. Clapton. Congresbury.
Abundant about Clevedon. Walton-in-Gordano.
Wrington. Frequent near Wells. In woods and
hedges near Bath, plentiful. VII.

923. P. elatior, Sm.

Native ; in meadows and by the sides of ditches and
streams, especially near the coast. Rather common.

G. Marsh under Ashley Hill. Bank of Avon at
Hanham and Conham, and again below Bristol,
plentiful. Sodbury. Stapleton. Tortworth. Pilning.
The Passages.

S. Bank of Avon near Keynsham, and it grows in
very large tufts on the edge of the tideway below
Bristol. Ken. Yatton. Wells. Frequent on
ditch-banks in the lowlands about Brent, Burn-
ham, and Highbridge. VI. VII.

GRAMINE2E. 243

924. P. pratensis, Huds.

Native ; in damp rich meadows, by no means com-
mon close to the city. We have observed it in
Ashton Fields ; in meadows above Sea Mills ; at
Long Ashton ; Brislington ; and on the slopes of
Maes Knoll. At a greater distance it becomes fre-
quent in grass-fields. The var. ft loliacea has been
noticed between Redland and Horfield, and at
Henbury, in the northern division of the district.
In Somerset we have it recorded from Bedminster,
Bishport, Brislington, and Portishead. VI. VII.

BROMUS, Linn.

925. B. erectus, Huds.

Native ; on downs and dry banks, in pastures and by
roadsides. Common.

G. Abundant on Durdham Down and the slopes of
the Gully. St. Vincent's Rocks. On the railway
embankment between Sea Mills and Shirehampton.
Rough pastures between Horfield Common and
Filton Meads. Henbury. In profusion on the
slopes of Nibley Knoll, and on the other hills in
the same neighbourhood. Pucklechurch. West-
bury-on-Trym.

S. Leigh Down. Bedminster Down. Borders of
fields near Abbotsleigh. Very abundant on road-
sides between Upper Failand, Wraxall, and Ticken-
ham. At Upper Knowle, and between Knowle and
Brislington; flourishing both among the mowing
grasses and also upon the old stone walls. Abun-
dant in a hilly field at Keynsham; Mr. D. Fry.
Near Park Farm, Clevedon ; also on the coast to-
wards Portishead. Great Elm. Wells. VI. VII.

244 GBAMINE^l.

Far. ft villosus. Combe Hay, near Bath ; Syme, E.B.
Easton, Miss Livett.

926. B. asper, Murray.

Native ; in woods, thickets, and damp shady hedges.
Rather common and generally distributed. VII.

927. B. sterilis, Linn.

Native ; on old walls, roadsides, and dry, waste places,
very common. VI.

928. B. madritensis, L. a. B. diandrus, Curtis.

Native ; on banks, and rocky slopes near the Avon,
below Bristol. Only upon the carboniferous lime-
stone ; very local, but fairly abundant.

G. On St. Vincent's Rocks, and scattered along the
Downs and at the foot of the quarries as far as the
Sea Wall.

S. Bank of Avon under Leigh Wood, exactly
opposite to the Gloucestershire station. VI. VII.

SERRAFALCUS, Parlatore.

929. S. secalinus, Bab.

Casual ; on the quays, in waste places, and as a weed

on cultivated ground, rather rare.
G. St. Philip's Marsh. Bank of Avon. Sneyd

Park. On dredgings deposited in the Black Rock

Quarry.
S. Railway embankment near Hallatrow. Roadside

at Woodborough. VI. VII.

930. S. racemostts, Parl.

Native ; in meadows and pastures, common. VI

GRAMINEJE. 245

931. S. commutatus, Bab.

Native ; in dry pastures and cultivated ground, and
by roadsides. Not so common as the last species.

VI. VII.

932. S. mollis, Parl.

Native; in meadows, pastures, and waste places.
Very common, and generally distributed. V. VI.

933. S. arvensis, Godr.

Casual or Colonist ; on cultivated ground and waste
places, rather rare.

G. Bank of Avon, under the Downs. On the quays,
near Prince Street. On old colliery debris, near
Warmley. Hanham. On dredgings deposited in
idie Black Rock Quarry, 1883 and 1884.

S. In clover-fields at Whitchurch; Rev. W. H.
Painter. Cornfield between Bedminster and Bish-
port. VII.

BRACHYPODIUM, Pal. de Beauv.

934. B. sylvaticum, E. fy 8.

Native; in woods and hedges. Very common and
abundant. VII.

935. B. pinnatum, Beauv.

Native ; on limestone hills, rare.

G. Abundant on Stinchcomb Hill. Gorge near
Black Rock; Herb. Stephens. In addition to the
specimens in the Stephens Herbarium, there is
plenty of evidence that this grass formerly grew on
rocky slopes above the Avon, towards the Sea Wall.
We have searched for it frequently without success.

S. Abundant at the Fir- wood and Strawberry Hill.
Clevedon. In plenty on Crook's Peak. At Charl-
combe ; Fl. Bathon. VII.

246 GRAMINE2E.

The plant occurs in large patches of a bright yellowish
green colour. This brilliant tint contrasts strongly
with the brownish hue of the turf around, and
renders the spots conspicuous at a long distance.

TRITICUM, Linn.

936. T. caninum, Huds.

Native ; in thickets and woods, rather rare.

G. Sparingly in thickets on Clifton Down. Combe
Dingle. Henbury. Bitton. Stapleton. Alveston;
Herb. Powell

S. Brislington. King's Wood, near Yatton. Portis-
head. Woods at Walton-in-Gordano. WookeyHole
and Bbbor Rocks ; Mr. J. &. Baker. Frequent near
Frome ; Dr. Parsons. VII.

937. T. repens, L. Couch Ghrass.

Native ; in cultivated ground and waste places. Com-
mon and generally distributed.

The awned variety, /? barbatum, has been remarked on
ditch-banks at Portbury, at Congresbury, and else-
where. VI.— VIII.

938. T. pungens, Pers.

Native ; on the banks of tidal rivers, and in muddy
waste places near the Channel. Locally common.
The forms littorale and pycnanthum are well repre-
sented by the Avon estuary below Bristol.

VII. VIII.
929. T. acutum, D. G. T. laxtlm, Fries.

Native ; specimens gathered by Miss Atwood on the
banks of the river Avon were authenticated by
Mr. Baker. Swete, Fl. 94. We cannot find it;
but the plant is so generally distributed in mari-

GRAMINEJE. 247

time districts that we see no reason to doubt that
it exists upon our extensive coast-line, although it
may no longer grow where Miss Atwood detected
it. VII. VIII.

940. T. junceum, L.

Native; on the coast sands of North Somerset at
Burnham, Brean, and Kewstoke, locally common.

VI. VII.

•

ELYMUS, Linn.

941. E. arenarius, L.

Native ; formerly on the shore of the Bristol Channel
near Burnham, and elsewhere ; probably extinct.

S. " Burnham, Berrow, and Steart, /. C. Collins'
MSS." New Bot. Guide. In August, 1880, we
found a small quantity in a cove on the coast near
Woodspring Priory. The plant grew in a patch of
about two square yards on the shingle above high-
water mark. At that date the flowering- stems
were, many of them, four feet or more high, and
bore spikes nearly a foot long. We saw it again
in 1881, but on the next visit, in 1884, there was
none remaining. Cattle from an adjoining pasture
had made their way down the low cliff at the back,
and were seemingly answerable for the destruction,
by having trampled a path over the spot.

HORDEUM, Linn.

942. H. pratense, Huds. Meadow Barley.

Native ; in moist meadows and grass-fields, common.
Extremely abundant in the lowland pastures near
the Severn and Bristol Channel, forming a very
considerable portion of the crop.

248

GRAMINE;E.

G. Alveston. Berkeley. Dursley. Charfield. Little-
ton-on-Severn. Queen Charlton. Henbury. Puckle-
church, in great abundance. Pilning. The Passages.
Shirehampton.

S. Bedminster Meads. Bishport. Long Ashton.

ji: j.. Nailsea. Wells. Yatton. Plentiful in maritime

pastures towards Brean, Burnham, and Higlibridge.

VII. VIII.

943. H. murinum, L.

Native ; by roadsides, and in dry, waste places,
common. VI. VII.

944. H. maritimum, Withering.

Native ; in salt marshes and in sandy places near

tidal water. Bather rare.
G. Bank of Avon, below Bristol, from Sea Mills to

Avonmouth. Here and there between Avonmouth

and New Passage.
S. Coast sands above Burnham. VI.

LEPTURUS, R.Br.

945. L. filiformis, Trin.

Native ; in maritime pastures and on ditch-banks in
salt marshes; sometimes fringing the edges of the
muddy estuaries. Common in such situations.

Or. New Cut, near the Hospital. Plentiful on the
verge of the mud-banks near Bownham Ferry.
Bank of Avon below the Suspension Bridge at in-
tervals down to the mouth of the river. Shire-
hampton Marshes.

S. Bank of Avon at B<ownham. In fair quantity on
the mud-flats outside the sea-bank below Clevedon ;
Mr. D. Fry. Sands west of Weston-super-Mare,

GRAMINE M. 249

Marshy sands near Berrow. Ditch-banks and salt
marshes between Burnham and Highbridge, on the
banks of the Brue. VII. VIII.

LOLIUM, Linn.

946. L. perenne, L. Eye Grass.

Native ; in meadows and pastures, and by roadsides ;
very common and generally distributed.

A very curious form, assuming a stoloniferous habit,
grows in sea-sand at Kewstoke, and also at Burn-
ham. VI.

947. L. italicum, A. Braun.

Alien. Half naturalised. Introduced by cultivation,
Common among mowing-grass, by roadsides, and
in waste places. VI.

948. L. temulentum, L.

Casual or Colonist ; in cultivated fields and waste

places, rare.
G. Prince Street, Bristol. Roadside at Sneyd Park.

Cornfields, Alveston ; Herb. Powell.
S. In a barley-field near Nailsea, 1880. Roadside at

Ken, 1881. In several cornfields near Bath; Mr.

T.B. Flower. VII. VIII.

(250)

PHANEROGAMIA.

Class 3. GTMNOSPERM^.

CONIFERS.

TAXUS, Linn.

949. T. baccata, L. Tew.

Native; in nearly all old woods upon the carbon-
iferous limestone. Locally common.

It is very abundant in Leigh Woods, and about the
rocky combes and hills at Brockley, Cleeve, and
Congresbury. There are some especially fine trees
in the churchyard at West Harptree, and in the
villages of Churchill and Compton Martin; but
perhaps the finest and most perfect yew grows in
Winscombe churchyard, where its sheltered posi-
tion has preserved it from the shattering storms of
centuries. A larger and more ancient tree is
enclosed in the vicarage grounds. These trees may
have been planted when Winscombe manor was a
possession of Grlastonbury Abbey. III. IV.

JUNIPERUS, Linn.

950. J. communis, L. Juniper.

Native; abundant on some hill-sides east of Bath;
on the extreme border of our district. Dr. St.
Brody, in his Flora of Weston, gives a locality near
Uphill, which has not been confirmed. V.

(251 )

CRYPTOGAMIA.

EQUISETACE^E.

EQUISETUM, Linn.

951. E. arvense, L.

Native ; in damp fields and on banks and roadsides,
very common. IV.

952. E. maximum, Lam.

Native ; in wet places in woods, ditches, and hedges,

frequent.
Gr. Ashley Hill, and Baptist Mills. Hedge-banks

between Eastfield and Filton. Queen Charlton.

Westbury-on-Trym.
S. Wet hollow in Leigh Wood near Rownham Ferry.

Lane on Maes Knoll. Chew Magna. Clevedon.

Kewstoke. Woodspring. Woodborough. Yatton.
We have two specimens of the fertile stem, in which

the terminal cone has its upper half divided, one

into five and the other into eight, erect branches.

IV.

953. E. limosum, L.

Native ; in stagnant water, ditches, and swamps,
frequent.

Gr. Between Thornbury and Littleton-on-Severn.
Horfield.

S. Pond near the lodge in Leigh Woods; Herb.
Stephens. Bedminster Meads. Abundant below
the reservoirs of the Bristol Water Company under
Dundry Hill, 1881. Walton Drove, Clevedon. Very
plentiful in marsh ditches about Draycot and else-

252 EQUISETACE-E. FILICBS.

where in the Cheddar Valley. Yatton. • In the
canal by Bath ; Add. Fl. Bathon. VI. VII.

954. E. palustre, L.

Native ; in marshes, swamps, and ditch-banks, fre-
quent.

G. Marsh at the Boiling Well. Filton Meads.

S. By the Abbot's Pond, near Abbot's Leigh. Bed-
minster Meads. Clevedon. Winscombe. Yatton.
Abundant on ditch-banks between Brean and
Berrow. Frequent in boggy places ; Fl. Bathon.

VI. VII.

FILICES.
POLYPODIUM, Linn.

955. P. vulgare, L. Common Polypody.

Native; on shady banks, walls, and old trees, very
common. Pinnae occasionally bifid at the end,
sometimes serrate or even (P. cambricum, L.) doubly
pinnatifid. VIII.— X.

956. P. Phegopteris, L. Beech Fern.

Native ; in a damp, mossy dell near Wells, S., where
we saw a patch extending some yards, in 1883 and
1884. VII.— IX.

957. P. Dryopteris, L. Oak Fern.

S. In Leigh Wood, rare. SUercliffs Guide, 1789.
Leigh Wood, sparingly, 1839. Mr. T. B. Flower.

In conversation Mr. Flower has explained to us that
this fern formerly grew with others in a damp,
boggy hollow near Rownham. We know the place
very well ; but the ferns are not there now.

FILICES. 253

958. P. Robertianum, Ho/m. Limestone Polypody,

Native ; on limestone, rare and local.

In Leigh Wood, rare. Shierclifs Guide, 1789. We
understand that before the construction of the
Suspension Bridge and its approaches, the high
ground on the Leigh side, above Nightingale Valley,
was covered with heath, sand, and loose stones ;
and that P. Robertianum grew among the latter.
Plentiful at Cheddar. Brockley. Burrington.
Cleeve. Ebbor Gorge ; Miss Livett. V. VIII.

LASTR/EA, Presl.

959. L. Thelypteris, Presl. Marsh Fern.

Native ; in wet peat bogs, very local.

S. Once seen in a boggy spot between Portishead
and Clevedon ; Mr. R. V. Sherring. Abundant on
the peat-moors at the southern limit of the dis-
trict. VII. VIII.

960. L. Oreopteris, Presl. Sweet Mountain Fern.

Native; in woods and about heaths and commons,
rather rare.

Gr. Conham ; Herb. Stephens. Henbury ; Herb.
Powell.

S. Sparingly in Leigh Wood ; Mr. S. Bootsey ; Dr.
Thwaites; and Mr. T. B. Flower. Ashton Manor
Woods; Miss Atwood; Swete, Fl. 96. Portbury.
Two or three plants in Norton's Wood, by Cleve-
don ; Mr. R. V. Sherring. A great many in a small
combe between Cleeve and Brockley. In some of
the combes of Blackdown. On Mendip near Cran-
more Tower, where the old red sandstone occurs ;
Dr. H. F. Parsons. VII.

254 FILICES.

961. L. Filix-mas, Presl. Male Fern.

Native ; in woods and on hedge-banks, common.

VI. VII.

962. L. spinulosa, Presl.

Native ; in wet thickets and bogs, rare.

S. Between the hummocks in boggy ground on
Mendip, near the Mineries. Leigh Wood, 1881 ;
Rev. W. H. Painter. Peat-moors in the extreme
south. VIII. IX.

963. L. dilatata, Presl.

Native ; in woods and thickets, rather common.

VIII. IX.

POLYSTICHUM, Roth.
964. P. aculeatum, Roth.

Native ; on hedge-banks and in woods. Frequent, but

no longer to be found in some of the recorded

stations.
G. Blaise Castle Woods ; Herb. Powell. Hanham

and Bitton ; Mr. T. B. Flower. Stapleton Wood ;

and hedges near the Zoological Gardens, Clifton;

Swete, Fl 96.
S. Leigh Woods; St. Anne's Wood; Kelston and

Claverton ; Mr. T. B. Flower. Dundry Hill ; Herb.

Stephens. Hallatrow. Portishead. Damp hedge-
banks close to the village of Compton Martin.

Lanes near Great Elm.
Var. /? Aspidium lobatum, Sw.
G. Blaise Castle Woods ; Herb. Powell. Shirehamp-

ton ; Mr. T. B. Flower.
S. Sparingly in Leigh Woods ; at Bourton and on

Dundry Down; Dr. Thwaites. In several places

FILICES. 255

near Bath; Mr. T. B. Flower. Clevedon; Mr. W.
E. Green. Upper end of Cheddar Gorge.

VII. VIII.

The form or variety lobatum is unsatisfactory, inas-
much as it graduates imperceptibly into the type,
and vice versa. Our account is substantially cor-
rect ; all doubtful plants being referred to acu-
leatum.

965. P. angular e, Newman.

Native ; on very shady hedge-banks and in woods.

Not at all common near Bristol.
G. Dursley. Frenchay. Tortworth. Wotton-under-

Edge. Stapleton Woods ; Swete, Fl. 96.
S. Leigh Wood. Wood by the river Avon between

Pill and Ham Green. Hedges in Upper Failand.

Maes Knoll. Banwell. Churchill. Clevedon.

Clapton. Great Elm. Beechen Cliff, and wood on

Lansdown ; Mr. T. B. Flower. VII. VIII.

CYSTOPTERIS, Bernh.

966. C. fragilis, Bernh. Bladder Fern.

Native; on rocks and walls, showing a great par-
tiality for the carboniferous limestone.

G. A few plants on a wall at North Stoke, 1878.

S. Nightingale Valley, Leigh Woods ; Herb. Stephens.
Dr. Stephens' specimens are very fine. Recorded
from the same locality by Mr. Leo. H. Grindon,
and by Dr. Thwaites, about 1840. The latter
botanist sent examples from Nightingale Valley to
the London Botanical Society, a fact which leads
us to suppose that the fern was then plentiful. At
the present time we much doubt if a single plant

256 FILICES.

exists in Leigh Woods. On Dundry Hill, still
plentiful. Under fir trees near Brockley, many
very large plants. Burrington Combe. Cheddar
Cliffs, on both sides of the gorge. In crannies of
the water-worn rocks on Mendip above Draycot.
Abundant on damp hedge-banks nnder Dolbery
Camp. Of very fine growth in East Harptree
Combe. On walls at Chewton Mendip ; Gurney
Slade ; Litton and Stone Easton. Ebbor. Em-
borrow. Dulcote Hill, near Wells. On walls near
the Mineries on Mendip. Stanton Drew. Yatton.

VII. VIII.

ATHYRIUM, Both.

967. A. Filix-fcemina, Roth. Lady Fern.

Native ; in damp, shady places, frequent.

G. Almondsbury. Pucklechurch. Tortworth. Wood
near Stapleton.

S. Several localities in Leigh Woods, and between
Abbot's Leigh and Failand. Axbridge. Bourton
Combe. Brockley Cornbe. Norton Wood, Cleve-
don. Wood between Temple Cloud and Glutton ;
Mr. D. Fry. Sidcot. Frequent near Wells. In
several woods near Bath. VI. VII.

ASPLENIUM, Linn.

968. A. lanceolatum, Huds.

Native ; on sandstone rocks, very rare.

G. Frome Glen, Stapleton ; Herb. Stephens. Oldbury

Court Woods, and lanes about Stapleton ; Swete,

Fl.97.
These records relate to one and the same locality,

where the plant was discovered by Mr. J. W.

.FILICES. 257

Ewing, of Norwich, who sojourned in Bristol about
1830. See note by Dr. Thwaites in the Phytologist,
I. 75. Swete (Fl. 97) writes that at his date its
area was " not more than half a mile," implying
that it occurred over a considerable space, which is
to some extent confirmed by Dr. Thwaites, loc. cit.
Undoubtedly the fern has shared the fate allotted
by collectors to all good things ; for the late Mr.
W. W. Stoddart spoke of it ten years ago as being
only obtainable with the aid of a quarryman and a
rope, and other information is to the same effect.

969. A. Adiantum-nigruin, L. Black Spleenwort.

Native; on walls and rocks, and occasionally on
hedge-banks, frequent.

G. Henbury Combe. Almondsbury. Aust. Tort-
worth. Wick war.

S. Abbot's Leigh. Failand. Clevedon. Chew
Magna. On rocks at Brean Down. Cheddar
Cliffs. South Stoke. Sandford. Shipham. Rarely
near Wells. Walton-in-Gprdano. Weston-in-Gor-
dano. Near Yatton. VI.— IX.

970. A. Trichomanes, L. Common Spleenwort.

Native ; on walls and rocks, frequent.

G. Frampton. Kingswood. Stoke Gifford. West-
bury- on- Try m.

S. Rocks in Leigh Woods. Old walls at Long
Ash ton. Clapton. Tickenham. Walton-in-Gor-
dano. Shipham. Stanton Drew. On Mendip
above Axbridge, Draycot, and Cheddar. Old mine
shaft on Dolbery Camp. In all the parishes at the
back of the Mendips. Wells. Frequent about
Bath. V.— X.

u

258 FILICES.

971. A. marinum, L.

Native ; in the crevices of rocks on the coast of North
Somerset, very rare.

S. Between Portishead and Clevedon; Her b. Stephens.
It grows on rocks at Walton-in-Gordano, and be-
tween there and Portishead. Sparingly on rocks
at Brean Down ; Mr. T. F. Perkins, 1881.

972. A. Ruta-muraria, L. Wall Rue.

Native; on rocks and old walls, very common. It
may often be seen in the older parts of Clifton ; as
underneath Royal York Crescent, and on Richmond
Terrace. V.— IX

SCOLOPENDRIUM, Sm.

973. S. vulgare, Sym. Hart's-tongue.

Native ; in damp, shady places, common. We have
seen plants bearing fronds bifid, crisped, or con-
torted in various ways. VII. VIII

CETERACH, Willd.

974. C. officinarum, Willd. Rustyback.

Native ; on old walls, rocks, and banks, common.
Very abundant about Bristol, and one of the pret-
tiest ornaments of our limestone walls.

G. In plenty at Almondsbury. Rocks at Penpole
Point. Frenchay. Thornbury. Westbury-on-
Trym.

S. Limestone rocks in Leigh Woods. Old walls at
Long Ashton. Flax Bourton. Banwell. Congres-
bury. Churchill. Clevedon. On Mendip at
Cheddar and Draycot. Downside. Compton Martin.
Tickenham. Stanton Drew. Stone Easton. Walls

FILICES. 259

about Pill and Ham Green. Rocks at Brean Down.
Wells. Winscombe. Yatton. Abundant in all
the parishes at the back of the Mendips. Frequent
on walls near Bath. IV.— IX.

BLECHNUM, Linn.

975. B. boreale, Sw. Hard Fern.

Native; in woods and on commons, rather rare.
Nearly absent from the neighbourhood of Bristol,
and, in common with all other ferns, much reduced
in quantity by the ravages of itinerant street
hawkers, who bring the roots into Bristol for sale.

G. Wyck. Yate Common.

S. Still plentiful in some of the preserved portions
of Leigh Wood. Formerly in St. Anne's Wood,
Brislington. Blackdown. Sparingly in Cleeve
Combe. Norton Wood, Clevedon. Sparingly near
Wells. Near Yatton. VII VIII.

PTERIS, Linn.

976. P. aquilina, L. Brakes or Bracken.

Native ; in woods, and on heaths and commons. Very
common, except in the alluvial lowlands.

VII. VIII.

(Adiantum Capillus-Veneris, L. We have come across
several accounts of the capture of maiden-hair
ferns in various localities in the vicinity of Bristol
and we give them for what they are worth.

" Under a bridge at Comptori Dando, S., where it has
been known some years."

" At the mouth of an old well near Clevedon " ;
quoted in Cyb. Brit., vol. iii.

260 PI LICE S.

" Three plants, growing in the air-shaft of a stone
quarry some thirty feet below the ground, at Combe
Down, near Bath," 1853. E. J. Lowe; Phytol. iv.
1100.

"In the year 1851 I found a plant or two of it on
moist rocks in the neighbourhood of Cheddar, in an
out-of-the-way situation, and left the roots unin-
jured." W. H. Hawker ; Phytol. v. 82.)

(Hymenophyllum tunbridgense, Sm. In a shady lane
near Shepton Mallet ; Sole, MS. 1782. Not con-
firmed.)

OSMUNDA, Linn.

977. 0. regalis, L: Royal or Flowering Fern.

Native ; in peat bogs and swamps, very rare.

S. An old publication (West of Engl. Journ. of
Science and Literature) states that it formerly grew
in Leigh Woods. Formerly in a wet copse on
Walton Moor; now extinct. On the Burtle turf
moor, north of the railway, July, 1881. At one
time it extended north as far as Wedmore ; but is
now chiefly confined to the southern turf moors
outside the district. VII. VIII.

BOTRYCHIUM, Sw.

978. B. lunar ia, Sw. Moon Wort.

Native ; on downs and hilly pastures, rare.

G. Kingsweston Hill; Miss Powell, Swete, Fl 98.
Penpole Point ; Mr. W. W. Stoddart.

S. Clevedon; Mr. E. Green. By Walton Castle,
Clevedon; Mr. T. B. Flower. Callow Hill, near
Sidcot; Herb. Stephens. On the hills about Wins-

FILICES. 261

combe. One plant in a field on Tining's Farm,
near Cheddar, with Vicia Orobus ; June 27, 1883.
Between Claverton and Bath ; Add. Fl. BatTion.
Pen Hill, near Wells. V — VII.

OPHIOGLOSSUM, Linn.

979. 0. vnlgatum, L. Adder's Tongue.

Native; in damp pastures, and on grassy roadsides,
common.

G. In fields under Ashley Hill, and near the Duchess
Ponds, Stapleton. Filton Meads. Haw Wood, and
Blaise Castle Wood ; Herb. Powell. Frome Glen ;
Swete, Fl.t 98. Very abundant in meadows between
Henbury and Compton Greenfield, 1886. Stoke
Gifford. Thornbury.

S. Roman encampment, Leigh Wood. Grassy bank
by the side of a road near the Abbot's Pond.
Brislington. Failand. Abundant in fields between
the Bridgewater road and Dundry Hill. On the hill
at Kewstoke. Fields at Breach Hill, near Chew
Stoke ; and at Compton Martin. Orchards at
Winscombe. Pastures near Wells. Yatton. Fre-
quent about Bath ; Fl. Bathon. V. VI

.-
UNIVERSITY

OF

( 262 )

LYCOPODIACE^E.

LYCOPODIUM, Linn.

980. L. clavatum, L. Common Club Moss.

Native. Among long grass in open ground, on a hill
near Clevedon. Stated in the Phytologist to have
been abundant towards the beginning of the
century. In fair quantity, 1885.

981. L. Selago, L. Fir Club Moss.

Native ; with the last species, very sparingly. Dis-
covered by Mr. Mason in 1884. The plant is fairly
common in the west of the county.

CHARACE^E.

CHARA, Linn.

982. C. flexilis, L.

S. In the canal at Bath ; Fl. Bathon.

983. C. fcetida, A. Br.

G. Syston ; Dr. Hasse. Eastfield.

984. C. hispida, L.

S. Walton-in-Gordano ; Kew Herbarium. In th
canal at Bath ; Fl Bathon.

985. C. aspera, W.

S. Ditches near Portbury. Clevedon. Yatton.

986. C. vnlgaris, L. var. longibracteata.

S. Pool between Bedminster and Whitchurch, 1882.

The CharaceeB have not received a fair measure of at-
tention.

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