QK154
.C51
1907
C.2

Cocks, Reginald Somers

THie Flora of the Gulf Biologic
Station

■■ :

GULF BIOLOGIC STATION

OAMEHON, HiA.

BTJIiLETIN No. 7

THE FLORA OF THE GULF BIOLOGIC STATION

B Y

R. S. COOKS. M. A

IS5UED BY THE

LOUISiANA STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE AND IMMiGRATION

CHAS. SCHULER, Commissioner

GULF BIOLOGIC STATION

CAMEROlSr, LA.

MT

THE FLORA OF THE GULF BIOLOGIC STATION

B Y

R. S. COCKS, M. A

ISSUED BY THE

LOUISIANA STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE AND IMMIGRATION

CHAS. SCHULER, Commissioner

BATON ROUGE:

TiiK Daily State, Official Journal op Louisiana.

1907.

GULF BIOLOGIC STATION

CAMERON, LA.

BOARD OF CONTROL:

N. C. Blanchard, President, Governor of Louisiana.

E. C. Caldwell, Vice-President, President of the State Normal.

J. B. AswELL, State Superintendent of Education.

Chas. Schuler, Commissioner of Agriculture and Immigration.

T. D. Boyd, President Louisiana State University.

C. E. Byrd, President Louisiana State Industrial Institute.

E. L. Stephens, President Soutlnvestern Industrial Institute

STATION STAFF:

B. H. GuiLBEAU, B. S.. Director.

L. R. Cary, ]\I. S., Zoologist, in charge of Field Oyster Investiga-
tion.

M. H. Spaulding, I\I. S., Zoologist, in charge of Experimental
Work.

F. H. Billings, Ph.D., Botanist.

R. S. Cocks, M. A., Systematic Botanist.

Frank Roberts, Treasurer.

M. W. McCall, Caretaker of the Station Lahoratorg.

THE FLORA OF THE GULF BIOLOGIC
STATION.

This pai)er has two objects; first, to give as complete a cata-
logue as possible of all the plants growing in the vicinity of the
Gulf Biologic Station; and second, to record certain observa-
tions upon the Flora of Sonthwest Louisiana, more particularly
the parishes of Calcasieu and Cameron, made during the summer
of 1906.

In the early part of the summer of 1903, when the Biologic
Station was opened, the writer visited the station for two or
three days and made a preliminary catalogue of the plants there
collected, which was published in bulletin No. 2 of the Gulf
Biologic Station. In the early autumn of 1906, thanks to the
liberality of the Board of Directors of the station, the writer was
enabled to revisit the station for a longer period, and to extend
his observations into the ad.joining parishes. As a result of
this second visit, the numlier of plants recorded around the sta-
tion was increased nearly fifty per cent. This large increase
in the number of plants listed, together with the fact that there
were several errors of determination in the first catalogue, de-
cided the writer not to publish this second collection as a sup-
plement, but to republish the catalogue as a whole, with brief
notes on the distribution and other points of interest in the spe-
cies mentioned. Great pains have been taken to make this list
as accurate as possible, and to that end every plant of which
there could be the slightest doubt was sent to one or more of the
large herbariums in the country to be authenticated. In this
connection the writer des^ires to express his most grateful thanks
to Dr. B. L. Robinson and Prof. H. H. Bartlet of Harvard Uni-
versity, who have examined very many specimens for him ; to Dr.
A. S. Hitchcock of the Agrostology Department of the Bureau of
Plant Industry at AVashington, who has examined almost all the
grasses collected; to Dr. E. L. Greene of the United States Na-
tional IMuseum ; to Prof. J. B. S. Norton of the IMaryland Col-

lege of Ag-rieulture, who has determined most of the species of
Euphorbia ; to Prof. S. M. Tracy of Biloxi, Miss., Special Agent
of the Bureau of Plant Industry, who very kindly sent the
■writer a list of the plants collected by him at the station in 1903,
and almost a complete set of the specimens, including several
overlooked by the writer; and to Prof. A. G. Merrill of Rock-
land, Maine, who examined the lichens collected. Last but not
hast, the writer wishes to tender his hearty thanks to Prof.
B. H. Guilbeau, the energetic director of the station, for every
kindness, courtesy and assistance.

As this catalogue is intended mainly for the help of stu-
dents in the summer schools held at the station, a word should be
said about the books consulted tn the preparation of this paper.
Of the two manuals of the Flora of the Southern States, Chap-
man's and Small's, Chapman's, the third edition of which was
published in 1897, does not profess to include Louisiana, and
though useful in some parts of the State, contains descriptions
of comparatively few of the plants of Western Louisiana. Prof.
Small's Flora was published in 1903, and is intended to include
Louisiana. This is a magnificent work, and contains accurate
descriptions of nearly all the plants of this region, but from a
Louisiana point of view is extremely deficient in plant distribu-
tion. In fact this book, which is the latest and most complete
publication of the Flora of the Southern States, proves unmis-
takably that Louisiana is, from a phytogeographical point of
view, almost an unknown country. Other books of use for this
region are: Wood's Class Book of Botany, which professedly in-
cludes Louisiana and contains notes on many Louisiana plants;
for while Wood was at work on the book. Dr. Hale of Alexandria
sent him many plants from his neighborhood; Coulter's Flora of
West Texas, which covers this region fairly well; Britton and
Brown's Illustrated Flora; Britton 's Flora of Northern United
States; and Gray's Synoptical Flora. Other books consulted
on various points were: Beale's Manual of North American
Grasses; Mohr's Flora of Alabama; and the various publica-
tions of the Department of Agrostology at Washington.

In view of the fact that the writer has made the statement
that Louisiana is more or less unknown botanically, a word

should be said by way of apology to the various botanists who
have worked in Louisiana from tiVne to time in the past. It is
not intended to give an exhaustive list of every worker, but to
refer only to the work of the most prominent. These are:
RiJdell, Hale and Carpenter, Avho worked in collusion from
about 1839 to 1859 ; Prof. Featherman, 1869 to 1875 ; Dr. Joor,
up to the year 1892; and the Rev. A. B. Langlois, from about
1880 to 1898.

Riddell, Hale and Carpenter published the result of their
observations in the form of a Catalogue of the Flora of Louis-
iana, names only, in the New Orleans Medical and Surgical
Journa], 1859. This did not include grasses and sedges, though
reference is made to a separate monograpli on these two families,
sent by Hale to the Smithsonian Institution, which paper seems to
have disappeared. Their list contains about 1,800 names, but as,
unfortunately, but fragments of the collection remain, it is im-
possible to verify many of the names, while even of the specimens
which still exist, some have no labels other than "Louisiana;"
others bear merely a number with reference to "Eiddell Flora of
Southwest Louisiana." It is probable, however, that in 1859 the
flora of Louisiana was better known than it ever has been since
that date.

Professor Featherman, professor of Botany in the State
University at Baton Rouge, collected, mainly in the vicinity of
Baton Rouge, and also prepared a manuscript of the Flora of
Louisiana, which was sent to the Smithsonian Institution, but not
pilblished. His collection is also totally ruined. He does not
seem to have known of the collection of Riddell, Hale and Car-
penter, and his list contains no name not included in theirs, ex-
cept grasses and sedges. He makes no reference to tlieir work,
and evidently imao'ined his catalogue was the first ever prepared.

Dr. Joor collected for many years in Texas and Louisiana,
and also had prepared a manuscript of the Flora of East Texas
and Louisiana. This manuscript was lost and no one knows what
became of it. The plants he collected in Louisiana, not very
many, were bought by Dr. Trelease of St. Louis, by whom a list
was kiiKlly sert to the writer some years as'o.

Rev. A. B. Langlois published a catalogue in 1887 of the
Phaneroo-ams and Cryptogams collected fm* eiei'ht years, mainly

in the vicinity of Plaquemine. eoniprisino" about 1,200 Phanero-
gams and 1,000 Cryptogams. This collection was considerably
added to by him in succeeding years, and is n"vv at the Catholic
University of Washington. This is probably the only collection
of any size (outside of the writer's) which still exist of the Flora
01 Louisiana, and this only professes to cover a small portion of
the State.

The present writer has united into one catalogue the name ot!
every plant that any one of these older botanists has reported,
and when reference is made to a plant in the accompanying list
as first record from Louisiana, it means that it has not been
reported by any of his predecessors, .nor credited to Louisiana in
any publication so far as he knows. It Avill be at once evident
to any who glances doAvn this list that Cameron Parish must
have been overlooked entirely, and when we take further into
consideration the fact that most of the results of bygone explora-
tions have been lost, it seems that the writer is justified in his
statement that Louisiana is to-day almost unknown botanically,
whate\'^r it may have been fifty years ago.

The Gulf Biologic Station is situated at the mouth of the
Cameron river, two or three hundred feet from the beach, on one
of the series of ridues which run parallel to the sea, traversing
the salt marsh by which it is surrounded on every side. This salt
marsh runs back for many miles, and Avith the exception of the
succession of ridges which are six to eight feet higher, and which
occur at intervals of every two or three hundred yards, the whole
country is about at sea level. The region is practically treeless,
with the exception of some thickets of Bumclia lanuginosa
XaiitJiojijIo)i Clava-Herculis, and a few stunted specimens of
Kackberry on the ridges. These show in a marked degree the
effect of the breezes from the Gulf, as many of them iiave the
upper portion growing almost at right angles to the lower, in a
direction away from the sea. A certain amount of the marsh is
cultivated, and the soil is said to be extremely fertile, producing
without fertilization one, or even two bales of cotton to the acre.

Speaking roughly, the vegetation in the neighborhood of the
station may be divided into five groups. First are the true halo-
phytic salt water loving plants growing in the wet sands. Of this

group, the followinu', which ;ii"e the most couspicuoiis, may be
taken as typical :

Batis maritima.

Salicornia amh igua.

Ipomoea pes-capreae.

Sesusvium portid acastrum.

Suaeda linearis.

Cakile maritima geniculata.

II diotr opium, curassavicum.

Second, there are the plants of the dry drifting sands, just
outside the tide line, psammophijtes. Of this group the following
may be mentioned :

D isficJiIis maritima.

Salsola Kali.

EupJiorhia polygon ifolia.

Cenchrus trihuloides.

Erigeron repens.

Heterotheca subaxillaris.

Oenothera humifusa.

Third, the plants of the salt marshes, of which the following
are representative :

Sparti)ia ju )icifonuis.

Spartina patciis.

Spartina polytachya.

Lycium Caroliniannn).

Lippia lanceolata.

Aster spinosus,

Tissa marina.

Atriplex arenaria.
Fourth, the plants that occur along the high ridges, oi
which the following may be mentioned:

Bumelia lanuginosa.

Xan til oxylum Clava-IIcrcul is.

Acacia Farenesiana.

Crataegus species.

Vitis cinerea.

Evagrostis hypiiiii(l( s.

8

Fifth, those plants that have followed in the wake of culti-
vation, usually considered as weeds. Of these are :
Panicum sanguinale.
Lepidmm Virginicum.
Sida spinosa.
Rimiex verticillatus.
Amarantus albidus.
' Amarantus spinosus.
Special mention should be made of Tamarix Gallica, which
flourishes both on the sandy beach and in situations on the
jetties, where it is often more or less submerged in salt water,
and has its lower branches encrusted with species of shells.

Very little can be said of the cryptogamous Flora. Two
species of Algie were taken from the salt water pools along the
jetties. Mosses were represented by seven species, all common in
other parts of the State. Six lichens were collected along the
beach front, and a few species of fungi, which have not yet been
identified.

As it almost certain that many plants have been overlooked,
it is hoped that students visiting the station, especially in the
spring or late autumn, will communicate to the writer any plants
they find, not included in this list, in order that they may be later
added as a supplement.

The question of nomenclature has been very hard to decide.
In the main, this list conforms to Heller's 1898 Catalogue of
North American Plants. If the plant is described in Chapman's
Flora, his name is also given. Names not included in Heller's
Catalogue, or in Chapman, are taken from Small, or from what-
ever author the writer obtained the description.

CATALOGUE OF PLANTS COLLECTED.

PHANEROGAMS.

ALISMACEAE.

Echinodorus radicaus (Nutt) Engel.

Common all over Louisiana in swampy places.
Sagittaria lancifolia L.

Common all over South Louisiana.
Sagittaria graminea jMiclix.

Collected b}^ the author in St. Tammany, Tangipahoa,
Calcasieu and Cameron.
Sagittaria platyphylla (Engelm) J. G. Smith.

First record from Louisiana. Distribution according to
Small: "Missouri and Alabama to Texas."

POACEAE.

Aristida palustris Vasey.

Fairly common in wet pine barrens and prairie country
of Louisiana.
Aristida stricta Michx.

The commonest species of Aristida. In dry soil every-
where.
Amphilophis exaristatus Nash.

First record from Louisiana. Previous known distribu-
tion according to Small. ''Texas." Small remarks that it is
found in dry soil. In the vicinity of the station it grows in
sw^amp or water. Fairly common in Cameron, but not re-
corded from elsewhere in State.
Caprioladactylon (L.) Kuntze. Bermuda Grass. (Cynodon dac-
tylon Pers.)

Abundant over the whole State. An invaluable pasture
grass for summer.
Capriola daetylon var maritimus Nees.

The variety which is very distinct in appearance from
the type is the commoner in the vicinity of Cameron. In
the writer's opinion, it should be recognized as a distinct
species.

10

Chaetoehloa imberbis (Poir) Scrib. Seetaria laevigata Chap, in
part.

Occasional, along the sea beach.
Chaetoehloa glanca (L.) Scrib. Setaria giauca Beanv.
Common all over the State in cultivated soil.
Cenchrns tribnloides L. Sand Bur.

Unpleasantly common along the beach.
Clihloris petra?a Sw. (Eustachys petra?a [Sw.] Desv.)

All along the coast of Louisiana.
Diplachne fascicularis (Lam.) Beauv.
Occasional, along the coast.
Distichlis spicata (L.) Greene. Distiehlis maritima Raft".

Very common along the beach.
Dactyloctenium Aegyptium (L.) Willd. (Eluesine Acgyptia
Pers.)

Common in cultivated soil all over State.
Eatonia obtusata (Michx.) A. Gray.

Common in dry soil over the entire State.
Eatonia Pennsylvanica (D. C.) A. Gray.

Found occasionally in ground that has been cultivated
in most parishes of south Louisiana.
Elymus Virginicus L.

In swamps near the beach. Found all over the State.
Eragrostis Purshii Schrad.

In cultivated ground everywhere.
Eragrostis hypnoides (L.) B. S. P. (Evagrostis reptans Xees.)

In wet places all over the State.
Eragrostis secunditlora Presl. (E. oxylepis Poir.)

Not lief ore collected in Louisiana. Known distribution
according to Small: "Missouri, Kansas, to ^Mississippi and
Texas."
Eriochloa longifolia Vasey.

First record from Louisiana. Previous known distribu-
tion according to Small: "Southern peninsular Florida."
Occasional along the beach.
Eriochloa punctata (L.) Hamilt.

First record from Louisiana. Previous known distri
bution according to Small: "Kansas to Texas." Very com-
mon along the sea beach.

11

liordeiiin pnsilluni Xiitt.

Found in waste places all over soutli Louisiiina.
Leptoehloa Xealleyi (Vasey.)

First record from Louisiana. Known distribution ac-
cording to Small: "Central and Southern Texas." Along
the coast in the vicinity of the station.
Leptoehloa imbrieata Thui-l).

Collected by Prof. S. M. Tracy, determined liy Piper.
First record from Louisiana. This grass is nt)t included in
Small's Flora, but according to Beale "Grasses of North
America," page -435, occurs in South California, Arizona
and Mexico. Beale quotes Dr. Palmer that it is a good for-
age plant. It occurs occasionally along th^ sea coast in the
vicinity of the station.
Pauicum proliferum Lam.

Common all over the state in wet soil.
Panicum paspaloides Pers.

First record from Louisiana. Known distribution ac-
cording to Small: "Florida and Texas." Common in shallow
ponds and swamps near the station.
Panicum Helleri Xash.

Collected by Prof. S. :\r. Tracy. Plant not seen .by the
wriier. Previous known distribution according to Small :
"Stony wooded hillsides South Texas."
Panicum repens L.

Very abundant along the banks of the Cameron rl^■e^
near the mouth. First record from Louisiana. Previous
known distribution according to Small: "Alabama, Missis-
sippi and California."
Pauicum. sphaeroearpon Ell.

Occasionally along the dry ridges near the coast. The
plant also occurs almost over the Avhole state in dry soil.
Panicum Orangense Ashe. Journ. Elisha ^Mitchell Sci. So. ^

Of this species/ which is not yet described in any of the
manuals, ^Irs. Chase, assistant in Grass Herbarium, Wash-
ington, writes: "We are not yet decided whether P. Ciliosum
Nash be not the same species." Kange in manuscript of
monograph on Paniciun in preparation is New Jersey to
Florida, west to Tennessee and Louisiana.

12

Paspalum ciliatifolimn ]Michx.

Small gives the range of this grass as "District of Co-
lumbia to Alabama and Mississippi." This should be ex-
tended to include Louisiana. Besides its occurrence at
■ Cameron, it has been collected by the writer in most of the
Florida parishes of Louisiana.
Paspalum dilatatum Poir.

A useful grass abundant over the whole State.
Paspalum plicatulum ]Michx.

Common all over Southern Louisiana.
I'aspalum lividum Trin.

First record from Louisiana. Previous known range
according to Small: "Texas, Mexico, South America." In
wet places near the beach.
Paspalum compressum (Sw) Nees.

(Paspalum platycaulon Poir).
Common over the entire State.
Paspalum longipedunculatum Le Conte.

First record from Louisiana. Previous known distribu-
tion according to Small: "Georgia and Florida." It occurs
along the high ridges near the sea.
Paspalum vaginatum Sw.

Abundant along the banks of the Cameron river near
the mouth.
Paspalum Drummondii Vasey.

(Dimorphostachys Drummondii (Fourn) Vasey.)
First record from Louisiana. Previous known range ac-
cording to Small: "Texas and Mexico." In shady places on
high ridges near the sea.
Paspalum stramineum Nash.

First record from Louisiana. This plant seems to
have taken a big leap in distribution, for according to Small,
its previous known range is Nebraska, Kansas, and Indian
Territory. It is fairly common on the ridges near the sta-
tion.
Phalaris angusta Nus.

Very abundant all over Louisiana in wet soil.
Phragmites Phragmites (L.) Karst.
Occurs all over the State.

13

Poa annua L.

In cultivated soil all over the State.
Spartina junciformis Engelm and Gray.

Very abundant in the salt marshes.
Spartina polystachya (]\Iiehx.) Ell.

Common all along the coast of Louisiana in salt marshes.
Spartina stricta var. glabra ^Nluhl.

Very abundant in the salt marshes.
Spartina patens (Ait.) ]Muhl.

Also very abundant in the salt marshes.
Sporobolus Indicus (L.) R. Br.

In waste places everywhere.
Sporobolus Virginicus (L.) Kunth.

Along the banks of the Cameron river near the rnoiitli.
Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze.

Xot common in Cameron, but very abundant on the
edges of swamps near New Orleans.
Syntherisma sanguinalis (L.) Dulac.

Common everywhere in cultivated ground.
Syntherisma linearis (Krok.) Nash.

Common over all the Florida parishes.
Zizania aquatica L.

A few clumps a few miles inland.
Zizaniopsis miliacea (Michx.) D. & A.

Plentiful some distance from the coast, very abundant
near New Orleans.

CYPERACEAE.

Carex tribuloides Wahl.
Carex species.
Cyperus virens Michx.

esculentus L.

articulatus L.

cylindricus (Ell) Chap.

strigosus L.

strigosus var. robustior Kunth.

erythrorhizus Muhl.

14

ec'hinatiis Britton.
rotiindiis L.
Kyllinpia piimila IMielix.
Eleoeharis albida Torr.

tuberculosa R. Br.
acicularis R. Br.
nodiilosa (Roth) Schiilt.
niutata (L.) R. & S.
Scirpiis nanus Spreng.
laciistris L.

Californicns (C, A. Meyer) Brittou.
lineatiis Michx.
cylindricus (Torr) Britton.
Fimbristylis castanea (Michx.)' Vahl.

autnmalis (L.) R. & S.
Diehromena eolorata (L.) A. S. Hitch.

In marked contrast with the grasses AA^hich furnished many
novelties, there was not a single sedee collected which has not
been reported from many other portions of the state.

COMMELIXACEAE.

Commelina niidiflora L.
erecta L.
virs'inica L.

PONTEDERIACEAE.

Heteranthera limosa (Sw) Willd.

I'ontederia cordata L.

Piaropns crassipes (Mart) Britton.

This plant, which is the well known water hyacinth,
occurs in deadly abundance all over Louisiana whereve.
there is a suitable water course. Small most unaccountabh
narrows its range to Florida and the tropics. Chapman
makes no mention of it whatever, even in the 1897 edition.

15
JUNCACEAE.

Jimciis biifonius L.

A few plants of lliis ubii|aitous species were collectetl
around the station buildinti'.
Juncus setosus (Coville) Small.

This species has been collected l\v the writer also, in
the parishes of St. Tammany and Tanuipahoa.
Jiincus aristulatns IMichx.
Juncns tenuis Willd.

This species was referred here with doul)t hy Prof. Co
ville, to whom it was submitted.
Juncus acuminatus Miehx.

This species Avas reported by Langiois from Pointe-a-la-
Haehe and New Iberia, and has also been collected by the
writer in St. Tammany, Tan^iipahoa, and Calcasieu parishes.

S^riLACACEAE. '

Smilax rotundifolia L.

(irowing in the thickets of Xanthoxylum. Connnon over
the whole State.
Smilax Bona-nox L.

(S. tamnoides Gray.)

Same habitat as S. rotundifola.

IRIDACEAB.

Iris versicolor L.

In swamps two or three miles back from beach. Very
common in Louisiana.

LEMNACEAE.
Lemna minor L.

16
SALICACEAE.

Salix longifolia L.

(S. Fluviatilis Nutt.)

Two or three stunted trees near the station. This is
the common willow along the banks of the Mississippi.

ULMACEAE.

Celtis Mississipiensis Bose.

A few stunted trees on the ridges.
Celtis pnmila Pursh.

Occurring occasionally in ground that has been cul-
tivated.

URTICACEAE.

Urtica dioiea L.

( chamaedryoides Pursh. )
Parietaria Floridana Nutt.

POLYGONACEAE.

Polygonum opelousanum Ridd.

Collected by Prof. S. M. Tracy at Cameron. Collected by
the writer "in St. Tammany parish.
Polygonum punctatum Ell.

(P. acre H. B. K.) Over the whole State.
Polygonum hydropiperoides Michx.

(P. mite Pers.) All over the State.
Polygonum aviculare L.

Rare in Cameron parish. Common almost everywhere.
Polygonum convolvulus L.

Common over the State.
Rumex verticillatus L.

Growing in ditches.

17

Rumex crisp us L.

This is the yellow dock or Rumex of the U. S. Pharma-
copeia.

CHENOPIACEAE.

C'henopodium album L.

Very common in waste places everywhere, especially
abundant on beach.

Chenopodium anthelminticum L.

This is the American wormseed of U. S. Pharmacopeia.
Chenopodium ambrosovides L.

Occasional as a weed in cultivated ground.

Atriplex hastata L.

Very common along the beach. Apparently recorded
here for first time from Louisiana. Small gives the range as
New Brunswick to South Carolina.

Atriplex arenaria Nutt.

Common along the sea beach.

Salicornia ambigua Michx.

Forming dense patches along the beach.

Dondia linearis (Ell) Millsp.

(Suaeda linearis (Ell) Moqu.)

First record of this species for Louisiana. Fairly com-
mon along the beach.

Salsola Kali L.

Common on the beach. Collected by Langlois near
Pointe-a-la-Hache.

a:\iarantaceae.

Amarantus albidus L.

Common as a weed all over the State.

Amarantns spinosus L.

Common everywhere.

18

Amarantus lividus L.

A weed found occasionally all over the State. Ap-
parently not included by Small in his Flora. Britton gives
range as Eastern Massachusetts to Southern New York. Re-
ported from Louisiana by Hale, Langlois, Joor, and the
writer.

Acnida cannabina L.

In salt marshes along the Cameron river. Not uncom-
mon near New Orleans.

NTCTAGINACEAE.

Boerhavia viscosa Lag. and Rodr,

First record from Louisiana. Very common on the
edges of cultivated fields near the beach. Previous known
range according to Small: "peninsular Florida and tropical
America. ' '

BATIDACEAE.

Batis maritima L. *

One of the most abundant plants near the station, form-
ing large patches on the beach. Found several miles inland.

PHYTOLACCACEAE.

Phytolacca decandra L.

Found all over the State.
Rivina laevis L.

Growing in shady places along the higher ridges. There
seems to be some doubt whether or not this plant is specifi-
cally distinct from R-. humilis L. The writer having seen both
plants growing is convinced that they are quite distinct,
differing in many particulars. See Small Fl. Appendix p.
1322.

19
AIZOACEAE.

Glinus lotoides Laefl.

First record from Louisiana. Very common along thr;
beach. Previous known range according to Small, Indian
Territory and Arkansas.
Trianthema Portulacastrum L.
(T. monogyna L.)

First record from Louisiana. Rare in Cameron, but very
common in vicinity of New Orleans. Small gives range as
Florida to Texas, Arizona, California, and Mexico.
MoUugo verticillata L.

Common all over the State,
Scsuvium maritimum (Walt) B. S. P.

Fairlj' common along the beach.
Scsuvium Portulacastrum L.

"With the preceding. First record from Louisiana by
Langlois. Small gives range as North Carolina to Florida.
Cypselea humifusa Turp.

First record from Louisiana. One clump found at Cam-
eron. This plant is also an inhabitant of asphalt banquettes
in New Orleans. Small gives its locality as "sandy pine
lands in peninsular Florida and California."

PORTULACEAE.

Portulacca pilosa L.

Common along the beach. Very common in the streets of
New Orleans in the cracks of asphalt banquettes.
Portulacca oleracea L.

Common on the beach. Very common, like the former,
on the sides of gutters and asphalt banquettes.

ALSINACEAE.

Tissa marina (L.) Britton.

(Spergularia salina Presl.)

First record from Louisiana. Small gives vrnge as New
Brunswick to Florida and Texas.

20
MENISPERMACEAE.

Cocciilus Carolinus (L.) D. C.

(Cebratha Carolina (L.) Britton.)

Common in thickets of Xantiioxylum, along fne ridges
near the beach. Also all over the State.

NYMPHAEACEAE.

Nymphae advena Soland.

In the Cameron river. Also over the whole State.

CRUCIFERAE.

Lepidinm Virginicum L.

As a weed in cultivated ground, common over the whole
State.

Cakile Chapmanii Millsp.

Very common along the beach.

ROSACEAE.

Rubus trivialis Michx.
Crataegus.

Three species not yet determined.

LEC4UMIN0SEAE.

Acacia Farnesiana (L.) Willd.

A few shrubs in the vicinity of the station. Very com-
mon in the vicinity of New Orleans. Small gives range as
"Southern Texas and Mexico, also naturalized in Florida."

Neptunia lutea (Leaven) Benth.

Fairly common near the beach and in the prairies of
Calcasieu.

21

Trifolium Caroliuianum ]\Iiehx.

Occasionally in the drier places along the coast. Foimd
over the State.
Trifolium repens L.

In cultivated ground over the State.

LEGUMINOSEAE.

Daubentonia longifolia (Cav.) D. C.

Very common round Lake Charles and extending down
tile river Cameron almost to the mouth. One of the common-
est weeds around New Orleans, where in places it cov'ers
many acres of partially drained swamp. Small gives range
as ' ' Florida to Texas and Mexico. ' ' Should be extended to
include Alabama, Mississippi and Louisiana,
Sesban macrocarpa Muhl.

Common over the whole State.
Glottidium vesicarium (Jacc{.) Desv.

Very common around Lake Charles. A few plants near
the station. Small describes foliage as "glalirous.*' In all
the specimens the writer has seen, foliage is silky.
lespedeza striata Hook & Arn.

Common over whole State.
Vieia Londoviciana Nutt.

Over whole State.
Astragalus Nuttalianus var. trichocarpus T. ic G.

First record from Louisiana. Rare along the beach. A
Texas plant which according to Coulter (Botany of West
Texas) is very common near Brazos Santiago.
Psoralea rhombifolia T. & G.

Common along the beach. First record from Louisiana
Previous known range according to Small : ' ' Texas and ad-
jacent ^Mexico."
Erythrina herbacea L.

Frequent over the State.
Oentrosema Virginica Benth.
Over the State.

22

Strophostyles paueiflora (Benth) S. "Wats.

(Phaseolus paucifloriis.)

In dry soil over the State.
Strophostyles helvola (L.) Ellis.

Common over the State. Especially abundaut alonji' .Mis-
sissippi river.

Vigna repens (L.) Kuntze.

In the drifting sands along the beach. Also over the
State.

Cassia chamaecrista L.

In swamps near the coast. Occurs over th,? State.

Cassia nietitans L.

Over the State.
Cassia obtusifolia L.

In cultivated soil over the State.
Gleiditschia triacanthos L.

A few trees on ridges near the beach. Coramon in the
swamps over the State.

Mimosa strigillosa T. & G.

In dry soil over the State.

Alschynomene Virginica (L.) B. S. P.
(A. hispida.)
Over State in ditches and wet places.

Indigofera anil L.

A few clumps near the station. Accord hig to Chap-
man, this plant was formerly cultivated in some of the
Southern States for indigo.
I'etalostemon emarginatus T. & G.

First record from Louisiana. Not rare along the beach.
Previous known range according to Small, "Texas."

OXALIDACEAE.

Oxalis corniculata L.

Over the State.

23
RUTACEAE.

Xanthoxyluin Clava Hercules L.

Formino- dense thickets on the higher ridges near the

sea.

MELIACEAE.

Melia Azederach L.

A few trees here and there near the sea.

EUPHORBIACEAE.

Croton giandulosus L.

Not common at Caineron, but ocenrs commonly over
the State.
Croton capitatns Michx.

Occasional near the beach. Very abundant in vicinity of
New Orleans. Small gives range as New Jersey to Iowa,
Georgia and Texas. Reported from Louisiana by Hale, Joor,
Langlois.
Croton maritimus Walt.

(C. punctatus Jacq.)
Very common along the sea beach.
Crotonopsis linearis Michx.

In cultivated ground where dry, over the State.
Euphorbia nutans Lag.

Over the whole State.
Euphorbia polygonifolia L.

Very abundant along the beach. Small gives range as
New Hampshire to Florida. Our plant is not palf> green as
in Small's description, but conspicuously dark green.
Euphorbia prostrata Ait.

Occurs sparingly in Cameron. Very common near and
in New Orleans.
Euphorbia maculata L.

Over whole State.

24

Euphorbia Arkansana (Engelm and Gray) Kl. and Garcke.

Fairly common on the ridges near the sea. Ap|'ar<intly
first record from Louisiana. Small gives description as
Kansas to Colorado, Alabama, and Mexico.
Euphorbia species.

This species, which is very abundant near the beach,
is pronounced by Prof. J. B. S. Norton to be an uudescribed
species.

ANACARDIACEAE.

Rhus radieans L.

Common over the State.

SAPINDACEAE.

Cardiospermum Halicacabum L.

Common in cultivated fields over the State.

VITACEAE.

Vitis cinerea Engelm.

Common in thickets along the ridges near the sea.
Fruit ripens in July.
Cissus incisa Desmonl.

Common in Louisiana near the coast.
Cissus bipinnata (Michx.) Nutt.

(Ampelopsis arborea (L.) Rusby.)

Common all over the State.

MALVACEAE.

Hibiscus lasiocarpus Cav.

Abundant in the swamps near the station. Collected
also in parishes of Calcasieu, Tangipahoa, and St. Tammany ;
Small gives range: "Illinois and Missouri to Georgia and
Texas."

25

Hibiscus incanus Wenal.

Not collected near the station, but fairly common in
the upper portion of the parish and in Calcasieu.
Modiola multifida Mvencl.

(M. Caroliniana (L.) G. Don.)
A common weed all* over Louisiana.
Sida spinosa L.

A common weed in cultivated ground all over the
State.
Sida acuta Burm.

Collected near the station in cultivated ground. Appar-
ently not common.
Kosteletzkya althaeifolia (Chap.) A. Gray.

Common in the swamps near the beach. Very abundant
in low places in Calcasieu prairies. Found all over the State.

TAMARTCACEAE.

Tamaris Gallica L.

Tliis plant forms large clumps on the beach and seems
to flourish in salt water, and grows freely on the jetties a
few miles up the river. The lower branches frequently are
covered with different kinds of shell fish.

CACTACEAE.

Opuntia opuntia (L.) Coult.

Forming extensive mats on the ridges near the sea.

LYTHRACEAE.

Ammania coccinea Rottb.

In swamps near the beach. All over the State.
Ammania Koehnei Britton.

(A. latifolia Chap.)

On edges of swamps over the State.
Lythrum laneeslatum Ell.

Common over the State.

26
OXAGRACEAE.

Jussiaea repens L.

Ill ditches and swamps over the State.
Ludwigia pahistris L.

(^Isnardia pahistris L.)

Over the State.
Oenothera iaeiiiiata Hill.

In sand near the beach.
Oenothera huinifusa Xiitt.

Very common in the drifting sands.
Oenothera species not yet determined. Locality same as precediDg.
Gaura Michauxii Spach.

In cultivated fields over the State.

PASSIFLORACEAE.

Passiflora incarnata L.
Passiflora Intea L.

Both these species are common over the State, especially^
in cultivated ground.

UMBELLIFERAE.

Hydrocotyle interrupta Muhl.

(H. verticillata Thunb.)
Kydrocotyle repanda Pers.

(Centella Asiatica (L.) Urban.)
Sanicula Marylaudica L.
Daucus pusillus Michx.
Apium leptophyllum (D. C.) F, Muell.
Discopleura capillacea D. C.

(Ptilimnium capillaeeum (Michx.) Hollick.)
Discopleura Nuttallii D. C.

(Ptilimnium Nuttallii D. C. Britton.)

Rare around the station, but one of the conspicuous
plants on the Calcasieu prairies. Small gives range as: "Illi-
nois and Arkansas to Georgia and Texas."

■It

LOGANEACEAE.

Folypremnm prociimbens L.

Common over the State.

GENTIANACEAE.

Sabbatia campestris Nutt.

On dry ridges near the beach. Small gives range as:
"Missonri and Arkansas to Texas."
Enstoma exaltatnm (L.) Grisel.

Very common on the beach and extending some miles
inland.

ASCLEPIADACEAE.

Asclepiodora viridis (Walt) A. Gray.

Near the beach. Found occasionally over the State.
Sentera maritima Decaisne.

(S. palustris (Pursh) Vail.)

Common in the sea marshes.

PRIMULACEAE.

Samolns floribnndns H. B. K.

Common in swamps over the State,

SAPOTACEAE.

Bumelia lanuginosa (Michx.) Pers.

Forming thickets on the high ridges near the sea. Found
occasionally in most of the Florida parishes.

CON VOLVUL ACE AE .

Ipomoea pes-caprae Sweet.

Forming long strands on the sandy beaches. Small gives
range as Georgia and Florida to Texas.

28

Ipomoea acetosaefolia R. & S.

(I. littoralis (L.) Bois.)

Common on the sandy beach. Small gives range as
South Carolina to Florida and Texas.
Ipomoea sagittata Cav.

(I. speciosa Walt.)

This species is very abundant in the open swamps near
New Orleans. Occurs over the State.
Ipomoea commutata R. & S.

(I. Caroliniana Pursh.)

Over the State.

Ipomoea purpura Lam.

Naturalized in cultivated ground over the State.
Dichondra repens Forst.

(D, Caroliniensis Michx.)
Over the whole State.
Cuscuta Gronovii Willd.

Very abundant on Iva frutescens. Found on asters and
golden rods and other compositae and shrubs over the State.
•Cuscuta indecora Choisy.

Growing on Lycium Carolinanum and other low shrubs
and herbs along the beach. First record from Louisiana.
■Cuscuta compacta Juss.

Not common. Growing in similar localities to previous
species.
Cuscuta arvensis Beyrich.

On herbs and low shrubs. Also collected by Langlois,
Hale, Joor.

BORRAGINACEAE.

lleliotropium Curassavicum L.

Very abundant along the beach.
Ileliotropium Indicum L.

Common as a weed over the State. Supposed to be nat-
uralized from India.

29
YERBEXACEAE.

Verbena Xutlia Lehm.

Very common all over the State, especially m vicinity-
of X"ew Orleans.
Verbena Canadensis (L.) Britton.

Fairly common in the salt marshes. Small gives range
as Illinois to Florida and Texas.
Verbena angustifolia Michx.

Over the State.
Lippia lanceolata Michx.

Common along the beach.

LABIATAE.

Monarda punctata L.

Very conunon over the whole State.
Scutellaria parvula ]\Iichx.

X"ot common, but collected by writer in St. Tammany
and Tangipahoa.
Teucrium Canadense L.

Common as a weed in cultivated ground, especially hi
alluvial soil.

SOLANACEAE.

Solanum nigrum L.

Common over the State.
Solanum rostratum L.

Not Common. Collected by writer in New Orleans and
near Lake Charles.
Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav.

Large patches near the lighthouse. Also collected in
Calcasieu and St. Tammany. Small gives distribution as
Missouri to Kansas, Texas and Arizona.
Physalis viscosa L.

Abundant on the sandy beach.

30

Physalis pendula Ryd.

In the higher ground around the station. First record
from Louisiana. Small gives distribution as: "Illinois to
Kansas and Texas."
Physalis angulata L.

In cultivated soil more or less over the State.
Nicotiana longiflora Cav.

A few plants near Leesburg. Also collected from Cov-
ington.
Lycium Carolianum Michx.

One of the most prominent species in the neighborhood
of the station, especially in the salt marshes near the beach.
Lycium Vulgare (Ait) Dunal.

A few plants apparently escaped from cultivation.
Common near Lake Charles in waste ground.
Datura Stramonium L.

Over the State in waste places.

SCROPHULARACEAE.

Gerardia heterophylla Nutt.

Common round the station. Also collected in the prai-
ries of Calcasieu. Small gives range as, "Arkansas and In-
dian Territory to Texas."
Monniera Monniera (L.) Britton.

(Herpestis monniera Kunth.)
Common over the State in wet places.
Herpestis nigrescens Benth.

Common over the State.

BIGNONIACEAE.

Teeoma radicans (L.) D. C.
Over the State.

PLANTAGINACEAE.

Plantago lanceolata L.

Common over the State in waste places.

31

Plantago elongata Pursli.
(P. pusilla Nutt.)

Occasionally in cultivated ground over the State. Com-
mon in St. Tammany and Tangipahoa.

RUBIACEAE.

Orusea triococca (T. & H.) Heller.

On the ridges near the beach. First record from Louis-
iana. Small gives range as: "Texas and adjacent Mexico."
Diodia Virginica L.

Over the State.
Diodia teres L.

Also over the State, especially in poor soil.
Gallium hispidulum Miehx.

Found in most parts of the State.

CAPRIFOLIACAE.

Sambucus Canadensis L.
Over the State.

CAPRIFOLIACEAE.

^lelothriapendula L.

Over the State.

COMPOSITAE.

This list of Compositge is probably very incomplete, as the
writer was compelled to leave early in September, when many had
hardly begun to put in an appearance.

Heterotheaca Lamarkii Cass. (H. subaxillaris (Lam) Britt and
Rusby. )

Common in the sand along the beach, and also collected
in the prairies of Calcasieu. Reported by Langlois from
Plaquemines. The writer is strongly of the opinion that there
are two species of Heterotheca in Louisiana. One of them*
is found only on the beach, is prostrate, and has broadly
oblong, clasping, serrate, thick leaves. The other is found
mainly in the prairies and open land, not in the vicinity of
the sea. It is upright, has much narrower, thinner leaves,
vpvy slightly^ serrate, and slightly clasping. None of the

32

species collected by the writer haJ basal leaves, so these
could not be compared. Although the flower heads of both
are very similar, the general aspect of the two is entirely
different.

Isopappns rubiginosns var. phyllocephalus Gray. (Eriocarpum
phyllocephalmn. )
[D. C] Greene.)

Apparently recorded here for the first time from Louisi-
ana. Gray Synop. Flora given as range South Texas and
South Florida. He says: "Without nnich doubt a state of
A. Eubiginosus, but may hold distinct.'' Synop. Flora of
North America, page 130. Small gives distribution sandy
beaches of Texas and adjacent Mexico.
Aphanostephus skirrobasis (D. C.) Trelease.

Collected near the station by Professor S. M. Tracy-
Small gives range as Kansas to Texas, and in Florida.
Sonchus asper L.
Sonchus oleraceus L.

Both common weeds over the State.
Coreopsis cardamina?folia (D. C) T. & G.

On the ridges near the sea. Reported from several lo-
calities by Riddell. Hale, and Carpenter. Small gives range
as Texas and Kansas to Arizona.
Coreopsis Drummondii (D. Don) T. & G.

Collected by Professor S. M. Tracy. Also reported by
Riddell, Hale, and Carpenter. Small gives range as "dry
soil Texas.*" On the ridges near the beach.
Eclipa alba (L.) Haussk.

Over the State.
Xanthium strumarium L.

A troublesome weed over the State.
Ambrosia artemisi^folia L.
xVmbrosia trifida L.

Both common over the State.
Ambrosia psilostachya D. C.

Conmion near the beach. Not seen elsewhere in th(^
State. Small gives range: "Northwest Territory to Illinois,
Texas, Mexico, California."

33

Pluehea fcetida (L.) B. S. P.

Occurs in swampy gronnd in most parts of the State.
Eupatorinm serotinum Miclix.

In low gronnd in most parts of the State.
Solidago radnla. Nutt.

Not common near the station, but plentiful in Calcasieu.
Though this was the only species of Salidago in bloom in Sep-
temlier, no doubt several others appear later.
Erigeron repens A. Gray.

Common in the drifting sands along the beach. Not seen
elsewhere.
Erigeron Canadensis L.

A common weed over the State, especially in worn out
soil.
Erigeron Philadelplncus L.

Found over tlie State,
aister spinosus Benth.

One of the most prominent and abundant species in the
vicinity of the station. Often covering large areas to the ex-
clusion of other species. Reported by Hale, Riddell, and
Carpenter. Small gives range as : " Texas to Southern Cali-
fornia and Mexico."
Aster tenuifclius L.

In the salt marshes near the station. Reported from
various localities by Riddell, Hale and Carpenter.
Borrichia frutescens (L.) D. C.

A very conspicuous species on the sandy beach. Reported
by Langiois from near Pointe-a-la-Hache.
Iva frutescens L.

One of the most abundant species on the edge of the
beach and in the salt marshes. Very common also around
Lake Pontchartrain.
Iva ciliata Willd.

Also very abundant. Common in most parts of the State
near the coast.
Iva angustifolia Nutt.

Not so common as the other two, but known from several
localities in the State.

34

Heleninni teniii folium Nutt.

Fortunately not common near the station. In many
parts of the State a most pernicious weed, ruinous to pas-
tures.
Verbesina Virginica L.

In swampy places over the State.
Pyrrhopappus Carolinianus D. C.

In cultivated ground over the State.
Gnaphalium purpurcum L.

Over the State.
Krigia Dandelion Nutt.

Not very common, but distributed over the whole State.
Ijepachys peduncularis T. & G. (Ratibida peduncularis [T. & G.J
Barnhart.)

Apparently first record from Louisiana. Abundant on
the ridges near the station. Small gives range as "low
grounds Texas."

Omitted.
Typha latifolia L.

Abundant in swamps over the State.
Desmanthus brachylobus (Willd) Benth.

Known from many localities in State. Common in vicin-
itv of New Orleans.

CRYPTOGAMS.

FERNS.

Ferns were not represented in this region by a single species.

MOSSES.

The following mosses were collected, all of them common
almost over the entire State :
Cryphgea glomerata B. S.
Cylindrothecium seductrix Sull.
Funaria hygrometica Sibth.
Thuidium gracile B. S.
Eaphidostigium microcarpum C Muel.
"Weissia viridula Brid.

35

LICHENS.

The following' s{)eeies of lichens were collected mainly along
the beach. They were determined for the writer by Mr. A. G.
Merill, of Rockland, Maine :
Graphis scripta Ach.
Physcia stellaris (L.) var. aipolia Xyl.
Usnea florida (L.) Ach.
Ramilina sub fraxinea Nyl.

ALGAE.

Tw'O species of Algfe were collected, which both occur con-
stantly associated together in the shallow pools on the jetties :
Enteromorpha compressa (L.) Grev.
Ectocarpus Mitchellae Harvey.

Dr. Farlowe suggests that Ectocarpus ]\Iitchellae is

identical wnth Ectocarpus viridescens Fleuret.

NOTES OX S0:ME new and little KNOAVN SPECIES

COLLECTED IN THE PRAIRIE REGION OF

SOUTHWEST LOUISANA.

In traveling w-estward from New Orleans on the Southern
Pacific, the flora shows no marked changes as long as one is in
the alluvial sugar regions, but soon after passing Lafayette one
plunges almost abruptly into the prairie regions of Acadia and
Calcasieu, where rice, instead of sugar and cotton, become the
staple industry; and in this region the flora also changes in a
marked degree. Until about the year 1884, the agriculture of this
region was largely restricted to raising cattle and horses on the
jrairie ranges. But since that date, improved machinery for irri-
gation and the construction of canal systems have led to the rapid
extension of rice cultivation, though large tracts of virgin prairie
still remain. Although the climatic conditions are semi-tropical,
the high temperature that is characteristic of localities so far
south is much modified by cool winds from the Gulf. It is doubtful
i r any part of Louisiana has a cooler and more agreeable southern
climate. The physical features of this area are not specially
marked. The elevation ranges from about eighteen to twenty-five

36

feet, with occasional ridges of slightly higher elevation, down to
sea level in the southernmost portion. The appearance of this re-
gion is, on the whole, that of a flat treeless prairie, though along
the water courses it is wooded. Geologically, these prairies are a
part of the coastal plan that extends from New England south-
ward to the Gulf of Mexico, and along the southern border of the
United States westward as far as the indenture made by the Gulf.
A conspicuous feature of these prairies is the numerous sand
mounds that have given this region the name of ''pimpled
prairies." These mounds exist more or less over the entire area
and generally upon the more elevated parts of the area are found
two to fifteen rods apart. In such localities they have an average
height of perhaps tw^o feet and a diameter of from fifteen to fifty
feet. Everywhere these mounds appear as little domes. Occasion-
ally, in the marsh areas, none of these mounds appear^ but in
other marsh areas they are more abundant. Furtherinore, in
certain marsh areas the mounds are both more abundant and
larger than elsewhere. The origin of these mounds seems to be
somewhat uncertain ; from a botanical point of view, they show
no distinction from the surrounding country. At present, rice is
about the only crop grown in this region, though it is possible
that with proper cultivation many other crops might give profit-
able returns. The few disjointed botanical notes which follow are
to be considered as merely preliminary to a detailed study of this
most interesting region. This the writer hopes to carry out shortly
after another season of collecting spent in this locality.

Sphenoclea Zeylanica Gaertn.

(Pongatmm Indicnm, [Juss] Lam.) On entering the rice
region of Calcasieu, this plant immediately attracts the observer
by its abundance. It covers many acres on the borders of the rice
fields, almost to the exclusion of any other plant. Some few miles
south of Lake Charles the writer drove seven miles along a
country road completely choked up by it. It is not mentioned by
Chapman, Small, or Wood, but it has been known to be abun-
dant in Louisiana for over sixty years. It was first reported in
1840 by Dr. Hale. It is described in Gray's Synoptical Flora of
North America, Volume II, Part I, Page 10, who says that it is
a native of tropical Africa or Asia, naturalized in Louisiana.

37

His description is here appended : ' ' Glabrous and somewhat suc-
culent annual a foot or more high (this should be changed to
two to five feet) ; leaves entire from obovate to lanceolate, taper-
ing into a petiole ; flowers closely sessile in a dense terminal
pedunculate spike, small, each subtended by a short bract and
•c\ pair of bracklets: corolla white, a line or so wide, slightly ex-
ceeding the calyx. Range : Calcasieu and Cameron in the rice
legions.'"

Nasturtium montanum Wall.
This plant, which has been observed by the writer for a
number of years, is believed to be recorded here for the first
time as occurring in North America. It is not included in any
of the manuals nor check lists of North American plants. It
was identified for the writer by Dr. B. L. Robinson of Harvard,
who wrote that it corresponded in all details with specimens in
their herbarium, of an East Indian and Chinese plant which
liad long passed as Nasturtium montanum Wall. It is very com-
m.on in and around New Orleans, and can be found both bloom-
ing and fruiting every month of the year. Dr. W. Trelease, of
the St. Louis Botanical Gardens, informed the writer that they
had some unidentified specimens in their herbarium, sent from
Covington by Dr. Joor. The writer has collected specimens
i'rom New Orleans. New Iberia, and Lake Charles. It is probably
well naturalized in the southern part of Louisiana.

Pohjgala.
The genus Pohjgala is represened on the Calcasieu prairies
by the following species :

Pohjgala Curtissii.
Pohjgalc. cruciata.
Polygalo pahido^a.
Pol II gala lutea.
Pohjgala nana.
Polygala cymosa.
Pohjga la grandiflora.
Poly gale i n ca rn a ta.
Polygala ramosa.
All of these except Pohignla Curtissa have been found in
many other porti(^ns of the State. Pohjgala Curtissii is reported

38

here for the first time from Louisiana. Previous known distribu-
tion according to Small, Pennsylvania to Kentucky, Georgia and
Alabama. Polygala cruciata is very much more robust than in
the eastern part of the State, and has an inflorescence two to
four inches long instead of half an inch to an inch. It is probably
the form Polygala cruciata ramosior Nash.

Panicum.

The following species of Panicum are recorded as additions
to the flora of Louisiana :

Panicum alhomarghiatum.
Panic um u n c inaUim.
Panicum inflafum.
Panicum stipitatum.
Panicum alhomarginatuvi Nash, has also been collected by
the writer in St. Tammany parish, where it is one of the first
grasses in the spring to bloom. Previous know distribution, ac-
cording to Small, "peninsular Florida."

Panicum stipitatum Nash.
Fairly common in the open prairies of Lake Charles in
damp places. Previous known distribution aecording to Small,
"New Jersey to Pennsylvania to Kentucky, Tennessee and
Georgia. ' '

Panicum unciphijllum Trin.
Collected near Alexandria. Also collected near Covington.
Father rare. Previous known distribution, according to Small,
"Maine and Quebec to British Columbia, Georgia, Indian Ter-
ritory, and Arizona."

Panicum inflatum Scrih and Smith.
Occasional on the dry prairies. Previous known distribution,
according to Small, "Mississippi."

Homalenchrus hexandrus (Sw.) Knntze.
This grass is exceedingly abundant in the wet places along
the Southern Pacific railroad. It is one of the most conspicuous
species of the region as seen from the train. The following other
species of Homalenchrus were also collected in this region:
Homalenchrus Virginicus (Willd) Britton.
Homalenchrus oryzoidcs (L.) Poll.
Homalenchrus lenticularis (Michx) Scribn.

39

Fhijncospora Tracrji Britton.

This is another addition to the flora of Louisiana. It was
-common on the edges of ponds near Lake Charles. Previous
L'nown distribution, according to Small: "Pine land ponds,
Georgia and Florida to Mississippi."

Eeocharis elongata Chap.
This plant, which is here recorded for the first time in Louisi-
iana, was very abundant in ponds along the railroad near Lake
Charles. It is also very abundant in the vicinity of Pearl River
r.nd Slidell. Previous known distribution, according to Small,
Florida and Texas. The following species of Eleocharis were
.also abundant :

Eleocharis Mutate, (L.) R. & S.

Eleocharis Noclulosa (Roth) Schult.

Eleocharis pahistr'is (L.)

Florkia proserpinacoides Willd.
This species was collected in Louisiana by Dr. Joor in 1880.
'There were also several species in the Tulane herbarium labeled
"West Louisiana, with no date or further locality, collected by
Hale. These specimens were collected by the writer near New
Iberia. Small gives distribution as "Quebec to Oregon, Pennsyl-
vania. Tennessee, and California."

Euphorbia pilnlifera L.

A large patch of this species was noted near the railroad in
the vicinity of Lake Charles. The same plant has also been col-
lected by the writer near Slidell. Not otherwise known from
Louisiana. Previous known distribution, acording to Small,
""Florida to Texas, New ^Mexico, and tropical America."

Houstonia An gusti folia Michx.

This species is another addition to the flora of Louisiana.
It seems remarkable that it has been overlooked by previous ex-
plorers, as in the prairies around Lake Charles it is one of the
most abundant species. Range : according to Small, ' ' Illinois to
Kansas, Florida, and Texas."

Oldenlandia Boscii (D. C.) Chap.

Not uncommon along the railroad between Lake Charles and
Alexandria. Small's notes say that it grows in wet, sandy soil.

40

In Louisiana the writer has always found it in the driest situa-
tions possible.

The writer was collecting' too early in the season for the
majority of Ci'niposifac, and many, even of those that were col-
lected, were too immature for positive identification, so that the
following notes refer only to a few particularly interesting
epecies.

Solidago.

The following species of Solidago were in bloom early in
September, when the writer was collecting :

Solidago scnipervirciis.

Solidago stricta.

Solidago radula.

Solidago, three species, undetermined.
All these three species are known from many localities in
the State. Solidago semperuirens is particularly common in the
vicinity of New Orleans, in empty and unfilled lots. It is perhaps,
worth noting that the writer has collected it blooming in every
month of the year. Almost every year it can be found blooming
from the middle of March to December.

Gaillardia Species.

One species of Gaillardia was abundant in the prairies, es-
pecially on the somewhat more elevated ridges, and was sent by
the writer to Dr. E. L. Greene. Of this plant. Dr. Greene wrote:
"I have no doubt it is a good new species of Gaillardia, and I
would name it Gaillardia gauroides, it is so like some Guaras I
know in growth and foliage."

Rudheckia.

The following species of Budheckia were collected on the
prairies :

Biidheckia fulgida Ait.

Rudbeckia grandiflora C. C. Gmelin.

Rudheckia maxima Nntt.

Rudheckia nitida Nuft.

Rudheckia Floridaiia J. V. Moore var. atigustifoUa..

Ruheckia alismaefolia T. G.

Rudheckia glabra D. C.
All of these species, with the exception of Floridana var..

41

angustif olia, are included in the catalogue of the flora of the
State by Hale, Riddell and Carpenter. Graiidiflora and maxima
were particularly conspicuous on the prairies, the former show-
ing a preference for dry situations and the latter for moist.
Alismaefolia was only found north of Lake Charles at a place
called Kinder, about half way between Lakes Charles and Alex-
andria.

Coreopsis.

The following species of Coreopsis were noted: Coreopsis
sieiiophyUa Boynton, and what the writer took to be Coreopsis
tripteris. But of the latter, Dr. Greene wrote that it is very small
and delicate compared with the northern forms, and oueht to i^o
<•; new variety. This species was connnon about forty miles north
(.f Lake Charles in dry soil.

Helianthus.

One species of Helianthus was very conspicuous, both by its
abundance and striking appearance, which the writer t )ok to be
H eliantlms Mollis, and so it was labeled by all the older collectors
in Louisiana. But Dr. Greene says that this plant cannot pos-
f:ibly be the same as the northern Helianthus Mollis, and that they
have nothing like it from .the North or South. He says that this
plant should be described as a new sub-species.

Lacinaria.
(Liatris.) Several species of Lacinaria were collected, of
which the writer gives the names with uncertainty :

Lacinaria acidota.

Lacinaria spicata.

Lacinaric, squarrosa.
And a fourth species, which is entirely unlike any Lacinaria he
has seen. AVhile the individual heads and flowers are almost iden-
tical with those of the species which he takes to be Lacinaria
acidota, the inflorescence is markedly racemose, with each head on
a bracted pedicel two to six inches long. The writer sent a draw-
ing of this species to Dr. E. L. Greene, but has as yet not heard
from him.

42
LITERATURE CONSULTED.

Chapman : Flora of the Souther)! Unitecl States; Third Edition,

1897.
Small: Flora of the Southern United States; 1903.
Wood : Class Book of Botany.
Coulter : Botany of Western Texas.
Britton and Brown: Illustrated Flora of Nortliern Uniltd.

States.
Britton : Flora of North em United States.
Oray: Syiwptieal Flora of North America.
Beale : Grasses of North America.
MoiiR : Flora of Alabama.

Lamson-Scribner: American Grasses; United States Depart-
ment of Ao'ricnltiire.
Norton. J. B. S. : Monograph of Euphorlna section Tithymalus;

Publication of St. Louis Botanical Gardens.
CouijTer and Rose: Monograph of UmhelUferae of North

America.
Tjesqiiereux and James : Mosses of North America.
Dlxon and Jamieson : Handbook of British Mosses.
Barnes : Key to North American Mosses.
Various papers in Bryologist Torrey Bulletin and Botanical

Gazette.
Ttjokerman : Lichens of North- America.
Hale. Riddfll and Carpenter: Catalogiie of Flowering Plants

of Louisiana: published in 1859. in New Orleans Medical

nnd. Surgical Journal.
IjAngT'Ois. a. B. : Catalogue Provisoire de Plantes Phanerogames

et Cryptogames de la Basse-Louisiane ; published in Franco,

1887.
Scribner and ]\Terpill: North America Species of Chaetochloa;

United States Department of Asjriculture, 1900.

The information concerninEr the soil, etc., in the prairie re-
erions of Calcasieu, was obtained from the Soil Survey of the
Lake Charles Area of Louisiana, bv W. H. Heileman and Louis
Mesmer, United States Department of Agriculture, Bureau of
Soils.

Cocks, "e

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