■ j^ Agriculture

Canada

Research Direction generale
Branch de la recherche

Technical Bulletin 1 985-4E

Flora of the Manyberries
Research Substation

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Canada

The map on the cover has dots representing
Agriculture Canada research establishments.

Flora of the Manyberries
Research Substation

S.SMOLIAK

Research Station
Lethbridge, Alberta

Lethbridge Research Station Contribution No. 6

Research Branch
Agriculture Canada
1985

Copies of this publication are available from:

Mr. S. Smoliak

Plant Science Section

Research Station

Research Branch, Agriculture Canada

Lethbridge. Alberta

T1J 4B1

Produced by Research Program Service

© Minister of Supply and Services Canada 1985
Cat.No.A54-8/1985-4E

ISBN 0-662-14227-6

CONTENTS

Summary /Resume i

Introduction 1

Plant Communities 4

Annotated List of the Vascular Plants 5

Bibliography 31

- 1 -

SUMMARY

Native and introduced plants have been collected at the Manyberries
(Alberta) Research Substation since its inception in 1926. The plant
collection, housed in the herbarium of the Lethbridge Research Station,
represents the flora of the Mixed Prairie Association of the Northern
Great Plains. Included in the 366 taxa are some rare vascular plants not
found elsewhere on the prairies and some that are unique to the area.
Several plant communities, characterized by one or more dominant species,
have been identified. The plants collected are representative of 55
families but the bulk of the species are contained within a comparatively
small number of families. The three largest families are Compositae,
Gramineae and Leguminosae with 67, 62, and 29 species, respectively.

RESUME

La collection de plantes indigenes et introduites, a la Sous-station de
recherches de Manyberries (Alberta), a remonte a l'ouverture de cette
derniere en 1926. Elle constitue aujourd'hui l'herbier de la Station
de recherches de Lethbridge et represente la flore de 1 'association mixte
des Grandes plaines septentrionales des Prairies. Parmi les 366 taxons
representees , on trouve quelques plantes vasculaires qui ni poussent nulle
part ailleurs dans les Prairies et d'autres qui sont endemiques dans la
region. On a determine plusieurs groupements vegetaux caracterises par
au moins une espece dominante. Bien que 55 families soient representees,
la plupart des especes appartiennent a un nombre restreint de families
dont les trois plus importantes, les Composees, les Graminees et les
Legumineuses , comprennent respectivement 67, 62 et 29 especes.

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INTRODUCTION

The Manyberries Research Substation is located at Onefour, Alberta. The
southern portion adjoins the Canada - U.S.A. border between 49° and 49° 10*
North and 110° 22' and 110° 32' West. The substation was established in 1927
on 6,300 ha (15,590 acres) of rangeland and was then called the Dominion Range
Experiment Station, Manyberries, the first of its kind in Canada. Grazing and
vegetation studies were initiated to improve the carrying capacity of the
range. The station was increased to about 17,000 ha (42,000 acres) when the
southern portion of the experimental range was acquired in 1951-1952. Some of
this area was cultivated by settlers who arrived in 1910 and left in 1952.

The southwest corner of the Research Substation (Fig. 1) is traversed by the
Lost River coulee which drains into the Milk River just south of the
International Boundary. The northern portion of the substation is drained by
several coulees. The coulees contain eroded slopes and badlands. All
drainage is southward and joins the Missouri River System.

The geological formation that occurs at the surface or immediately below is
Upper Cretaceous in age and is the Oldman formation. This formation consists
chiefly of soft light-colored shales and sandstones, but clays or clayey
shales predominate. The formation outcrops in the area usually as extensive
badlands along both sides of the Lost River coulee (Fig. 2) and other eroded
drainage systems. Near the top of the formation there are thin coal seams and
coaly shales, as well as the occasional plant remains and invertebrate and
vertebrate fossils.

The substation is located within the Brown Soil Zone characterized by shallow
profiles, low amounts of organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus, and a
compact calcium carbonate layer averaging about 30 cm (12 inches) below the
surface. The soils have developed from glacial till composed of locally
derived materials deposited by continental glaciers or from underlying marine
shales and sandstones where the drift deposits were thin.

The dominant soils are members of the Orthic Brown Subgroup of the Chernozemic
Order, Brown Great Group and the Brown Solod Subgroup of the Solonetzic Order,
Solod Great Group. The chernozemic soils are more common in the southern
portion of the substation. They are loamy in texture and have formed largely
from weathering of the underlying sandstone, although in some locations they
have been deposited as alluvium or outwash from the higher lands to the north
and reworked by wind. The solonetzic soils dominate the northern portion of
the substation and vary in texture from loams to clay loams. These soils are
primarily derived from the underlying shales in which clays and salts have not
leached out owing to the low rainfall. They are characterized by a high
sodium content, poor structure, and an impervious B horizon which forms a
claypan. The layer of soil above the claypan may become powdery with drying
and is very susceptible to erosion or soil "blowout" giving a pitted
appearance to the landscape.

- 2 -

Fig. 1. Study area, about 35 km (22 miles) southeast of Manyberries, Alberta,
showing the physical features and roads and fields. The Research Substation
borders the U.S.A. boundary for 10 km (6 miles) .

- 3 -

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Fig. 2. Lost River coulee, with the Sweetgrass Hills in the background
showing formations and terrain of the glacial drainage system.

The topography of the substation is undulating to gently rolling. The
altitude varies from 915 m (3,000 ft) to 975 m (3,200 ft) and the area is
surrounded by prominent landmarks. The Cypress Hills, to the north, reach a
height of 1,465 m (4,800 ft) and can be seen from the northern part of the
substation. The Bearpaw Mountains, to the southeast, and the Sweet Grass
Hills, to the southwest, both rise to a height of 2,135 m (7,000 ft) above sea
level and are in Montana.

The substation is located in one of the driest areas of the province. The
climate is characterized by low precipitation, a high rate of evaporation,
great extremes of temperature and abundant sunshine. Precipitation occurs
chiefly in the form of rain, about 80 percent of which falls during the
growing season, April to July, inclusive. Many of the rain showers are too
light to be of any value to plant life and much of the heavier rains is lost
by run-off. Hot, west or southwest, winds are frequent during midsummer,
while in winter these warm winds or "chinooks" rarely reach across the Lost
River coulee.

- 4 -

Long-term mean annual precipitation over a 30-year period (1951-1980) was 327
mm (12.9 inches) while mean annual temperature for the same period was 4.2°C
(40.0°F). The lowest temperature of -49.0°C (-45°F) was recorded in January
and the highest temperature of 40.6°C (105°F) was recorded in August. The
mean annual evaporation was 1,060 mm (41.8 inches) .

PLANT COMMUNITIES

The vegetation of the area is representative of the Mixed Prairie Association
(Coupland 1950, 1961; Moss 1955; Looman 1980) which is characterized by an
abundance of mid- and short-grasses, numerous forbs and few shrubs. Several
plant communities have been identified on the substation. The communities are
distinguished by one or more species commonly associated with certain soil
characteristics.

The most extensive area is the upland prairie where the grassland vegetation
types dominate. The Stipa-Bouteloua-Agropyron type is most common and
occupies the light, sandy loam soils. The most abundant grasses are needle
and thread (Stipa comata) , blue grama (Bouteloua gracilis ) and the two
wheatgrasses, northern (Agropyron dasyst achy urn) and western (A. smithii) ,
while June grass (Koeleria cristata) and Sandberg's bluegrass (Poa
sandbergii) are also present. Common forbs are moss phlox (Phlox hoodii),
broomweed (Gutierrezia sarothraej , golden aster (Chrysopsis villosa) and
little club moss ( Selaginella densa) . Common shrubs are pasture sage
(Artemisia frigida) , winterfat (Eurotia lanata) , salt sage (Atriplex
nuttallii) and sagebrush (A. cana) .

Other vegetation types on the upland prairie are the Stipa-Bouteloua type on
the medium-textured soils, with needle and thread and blue grama the dominant
grass species; the A gropyron-Poa type on clay soils; the St ipa-Ag ropy ron
type in the more sheltered areas; the Calamovilfa-Artemisia type on sandy
soils; and the Bouteloua-Carex type along the dry coulee edges.

In the coulees, the common vegetation types include the Agropyron-Muhlenbergia
types on the coulee slopes, the Poa-Carex-J uncus types in the more moist
coulee bottoms, the Distichlis-Sarcobatus type along the dry coulee bottoms,
and the Calamovilfa-Stipa type on the sandy coulee bottoms. The
Prunus-Amelanchier type and the Elaeagnus-Rosa type are found on the more
moist loam and sandy soils, respectively.

Dry, saline sloughs contain the A gropyron-Hordeum type while non-saline
sloughs have the Calamagrostis-Juncus or the Agrostis-Carex types. Willows
(Salix spp.) are common in wet places near dams and along roadsides while
trees, mainly narrow-leaf Cottonwood (Populus angustifolia) and western
Cottonwood (P. deltoides ) , are found occasionally in moist coulees.

Some rare and unique plants are found in the area. A natural population of
soapweed (Yucca glauca) occurs along the exposed south-facing slopes of the
Lost River coulee near the U.S.A. boundary. The f lower ing -qui llwort (Lilaea

- 5 -

scilloides ) discovered by N. A. Skoglund (Moss 1944) occurs in margins of
some sloughs that retain water until mid- or late summer. Sand puffs

(Abronia micrantha) grows only in the sand dune area (Johnson and Hallworth
1975) and has been mistaken for wild begonia (Rumex venosus ) . Although not

on the substation, the Rocky Mountain juniper was found growing in a coulee
(Smith and Wallis 1976) just 1 km west of the substation along the U.S.A.

border .

A listing of vascular plants in the Milk River area west of the substation has
been prepared (Wallis 1976) . The list contains 362 species which were found
in the upland, sagebrush flats, sandbars, and wooded areas.

ANNOTATED LIST OF THE VASCULAR PLANTS

In the following list, species of vascular plants are listed in the botanical
order followed by Packer (1983). The genera and species, however, are lasted
in alphabetical order. The numbers following the listings refer to the
collections made by the staff members. Except as otherwise stated, all
specimens are contained in the herbarium of the Lethbridge Research Station.
Critical specimens have been verified or identified by the staff of the
Vascular Plant Section, Biosystematics Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario.

The work of previous collectors has been very important in the compilation of
the list. The plant collections were initiated by Dr. S. E. Clarke in 1926,
and were continued by N. A. Skoglund, E. w. Tisdale, J. A. Campbell, J. B.
Campbell, W. A. Hubbard and the author while at the Dominion Range Experiment
Station. After transferring to the Agriculture Canada Research Station,
Lethbridge, Alberta, in 1964, the author was assisted by T. D. Allen and R. G.
Gschaid in continuing plant collections to make the list as complete as
possible.

Nomenclature for the vascular plants follows that proposed by Packer (1983) in
most instances. However, in retaining the nomenclature assigned by the
Biosystematics Research Institute taxonomists, references such as Boivin
(1967-1981), Hitchcock and Cronquist (1973), Looman and Best (1979) and
Scoggan (1978-1979) were consulted. The above texts were also consulted for
common names to represent the most commonly used or appropriate name for each
species.

The list contains species from 55 families and includes some 366 specific or
subspecific entities. The bulk of the species is contained within a
comparatively small number of families. The three largest are Compositae
(67) , Gramineae (62) and Leguminosae (29) .

- 6 -

SELAGINELLACEAE - Spike-moss family

Selaginella densa Rydb . Little club-moss. Very common, in dry grassland,
220, 446, 515, 755.

EQUISETACEAE - Horsetail family

Equisetum arvense L. Common horsetail. Occasional, in moist draws. 3384.

Equisetum laevigatum A. Br. Smooth scour ing-rush . Common, in coulees and
moist alkaline areas. 116, 445, 2846, 3217, 3406.

MARSILEACEAE - Marsilea family

Marsilea vestita Hook, and Grev. Clover-fern. Rare, in dry slough bottoms.
2245, 3140.

CUPRESSACEAE - Cypress family

Juniperus communis L. var . depressa pursh. Ground juniper. Rare, on
sandy hillsides. 3380.

Juniperus horizontalis Moench. Creeping juniper. Common, on coulee slopes,
sandy areas, and exposed rocky areas. 2302, 2970, 3360.

Juniperus scopulorum Sarg. Rocky Mountain juniper. Rare, in coulee one
kilometer west of Substation boundary. 5185.

TYPHACEAE - Cattail family

Typha latifolia L. Common cattail. Fairly common, in wet places and
shallow water. 3162.

JUNCAGINACEAE - Arrow-grass family

Triglochin maritima L. Seaside arrow-grass. Fairly common, in wet and
alkaline places in coulee bottoms. 233, 2847.

Triglochin palustris L. Slender arrow-grass. Occasional, in wet and
alkaline areas. 5307.

LILAEACEAE - Flower ing-quillwor t family

Lilaea scilloides (Poir) Haum. Flower ing-quillwor t. Rare, in saline
sloughs and wet places. 1326, 1565, 3091.

- 7 -

ALISMATACEAE - Water-plantain family

Alisma gramineum Gmel. Narrow-leaved water-plantain. Fairly common, in wet
places. 3092, 3141.

Alisma plantago-aquatica L. Broad-leaved water-plantain. Common, in wet
places. 104, 3163, 3427.

Sagittaria cuneata Sheld. Arrowhead. Fairly common, in muddy and wet areas,
2045, 2246.

GRAMINEAE - Grass family

Agropyron albicans Scribn. and Smith. Awned northern wheatgrass. Occasional,
on upland and sandy prairie. 925, 1365, 1388, 2856, 3173.

Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn. Crested wheatgrass. Introduced. Common,
on disturbed areas and along roads. 2898, 3222.

Agropyron dasystachyum (Hook.) Scribn. Northern wheatgrass. Fairly common,
on upland prairie. 245.

Agropyron desertorum (Fisch.) Schult. Desert wheatgrass. Introduced.
Localized, on disturbed areas and along roads. 2854.

Agropyron griff ithsii Scribn. and Smith. Griffith's wheatgrass. Occasional,
on dry upland prairie. 2857, 3094.

Agropyron intermedium (Host) Beauv. Intermediate wheatgrass. Introduced.
Localized on disturbed areas. 2859.

Agropyron repens (L.) Beauv. Couch grass. Introduced. Occasional, on
disturbed areas and along roads. 3468, 5199.

Agropyron riparium Scribn. and Smith. Streambank wheatgrass. Occasional,
on moist disturbed areas. 2742.

Agropyron smithii Rydb . Western wheatgrass. Common, on upland prairie,

especially on low-lying areas and moist coulees. 132, 1213,
1366, 1367, 2858.

Agropyron subsecundum (Link) Hitchc. Awned wheatgrass. Rare, on coulee
banks and moist areas. 1106, 5211.

Agropyron trachycaulum (Link) Malte. Slender wheatgrass. Occasional, in
some sloughs and on disturbed areas. 131, 404, 1386, 1387,
2855, 3265.

Agropyron trichophorum (Link) Richt. Pubescent wheatgrass. Introduced.
Localized, on disturbed areas. 2860.

- 8 -

GRAMINEAE - continued

Agrostis scabra willd. Rough hairgrass. Fairly common, in moist areas and
in sloughs. 237.

Alopecurus aequalis Sobol. Water foxtail. Occasional, in wet areas. 371,
823, 1987, 2186, 2250.

Beckmannia syzigachne (Steud.) Fern. Slough grass. Occasional, in wet
areas. 124, 241.

Bouteloua gracilis (HBK.) Lag. Blue grama. Very common, on upland prairie.
212, 3370.

Bromus inermis Leyss. Awnless brome. Introduced. Localized, on disturbed
areas. 2853, 3296.

Bromus tectorum L. Downy chess. Introduced. Rare, on disturbed areas.
2172, 3093.

Calamagrostis montanens is Scribn. Plains reed grass. Fairly common, on
sandy upland prairie. 122, 1385, 3227.

Calamovilfa longifolia (Hook.) Scribn. Sand grass. Localized, on sandy
areas on upland prairie. 123, 1397, 3364.

Danthonia calif omica Bo land var . americana (Scribn.) Hitchc. California

oat-grass. Rare, in moist coulee bottoms. 1099, 1275, 2251, 3228.

Danthonia unispicata (Thurb.) Munro. One-spike oat grass. Rare, in moist
locations along coulee banks. 392, 2187.

Deschampsia caespitosa (L.) Beauv. Tufted hair grass. Common, in wet areas.
238, 1358.

Distichlis stricta (Torr.) Rydb. Salt grass. Common, in saline areas. 243,
1277, 1361.

Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv. Barnyard grass. Scarce, in moist disturbed
areas. 2972.

Elymus angustus L. Altai wild rye. Introduced. Localized, on disturbed
areas. 2861.

Elymus canadensis L. Canada wild rye. Occasional, on sandy areas along
coulee edges. 483, 5338.

Elymus junceus Fisch. Russian wild rye. Introduced. Localized, on
disturbed areas and along roadsides. 1369, 2699.

- 9 -

GRAMINEAE - continued

Elymus macounii vasey. Macoun's wild rye. Occasional, in moist areas and
slough edges. 5 212.

Festuca ovina L. Sheep fescue. Introduced. Localized, on disturbed and
sandy areas. 3513.

Glyceria borealis (Nash) Batchelder. Manna grass. Occasional, in wet
places and shallow water. 528.

Hordeum jubatum L. Foxtail barley. Fairly common, in sloughs, roadsides,
and disturbed areas. 1368, 3292.

Hordeum jubatum L. var . caespitosum (Scribn.) Hitchc. Short -awned foxtail
barley. Fairly common, in low areas and saline flats. 531.

Hordeum pusillum Nutt. Little barley. Scarce, in open, alkaline areas.
Listed by Scoggan.

Koeleria cristata (L.) Pers. June grass. Very common, on upland prairie.
126, 1360, 3211.

Lolium perenne L. Perennial ryegrass. Introduced. Scarce, on disturbed
areas. 5207.

Muhlenbergia asperifolia (Nees and Mey.) Parodi. Scratchgrass. Occasional,
in low sandy areas. 236.

Muhlengergia cuspidata (Torr.) Rydb. Plains muhly. Fairly common, on dry
prairie and coulees. 119.

Muhlenbergia richardsonis (Trin.) Rydb. Mat muhly. Fairly common, on dry
prairie and hillsides. 120, 3425.

Oryzopsis hymenoides (R. and S.) Ricker. Indian rice grass. Common, on
sandy soils and along roadsides. 105, 1384, 3210, 3445.

Phalaris arundinacea L. Reed canary grass. Occasional, in sloughs and wet
areas. 3467.

Poa bulbosa L. Bulbous bluegrass. Introduced. Rare, on disturbed, wet
areas. 825.

Poa canbyi (Scribn.) Piper. Canby bluegrass. Fairly common, on moist
slopes and coulee banks. 524, 1363.

Poa cusickii Vasey. Early bluegrass. Occasional, on moist coulee banks. 790

Poa glaucifolia Scribn. and Williams. Glaucous bluegrass. Occasional, in
moist areas and coulee bottoms. 1055.

- 10 -

GRAMINEAE - continued

Poa juncifolia Scribn. Alkali bluegrass. Occasional, in saline sloughs and
moist draws. 1243, 3229, 3402.

Poa nervosa (Hook.) Vasey. Wheeler's bluegrass. Occasional, on moist
coulee banks. 1101.

Poa nevadensis Vasey. Nevada bluegrass. Occasional, in moist coulee draws.
2851.

Poa palustris L. Fowl bluegrass. Common, in coulees and wet places. 989,
1054.

Poa pratensis L. Kentucky bluegrass. Introduced. Occasional, in moist low
areas. 727, 1362, 5310.

Poa sandbergii Vasey. Sandberg's bluegrass. Very common, on upland prairie.
128, 526, 1364, 3212.

Puccinellia nuttalliana (Schult.) Hitchc. Nuttall's alkali grass. Fairly
common, on moist saline areas. 244, 2852.

Schedonnardus paniculatus (Nutt.) Trel. Tumble grass. Rare, on abandoned
cropland and waste places. 242, 3517, 3810.

Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv. Green foxtail. Introduced. Occasional, on
disturbed areas. 3298.

Sitanion hystrix (Nutt.) Smith. Squirrel tail. Scarce, on sandy soils.
1107, 1108, 3209.

Spartina gracilis Trin. Alkali cord grass. Fairly common, on saline, wet,
and alkali areas. 239, 240, 1359.

Sporobolus cryptandrus (Torr.) Gray. Sand dropseed. Occasional, on sandy
areas. 946.

Stipa comata Trin. and Rupr . Needle and thread. Very common, on dry upland
prairie. 118, 1356, 2393.

Stipa spartea Trin. var . curtiseta Hitchc. Western porcupine grass.
Occasional, on dry upland prairie. 724, 1396, 2247.

Stipa viridula Trin. Green needle grass. Occasional, in moist depressions
and along dry roadsides. 234, 1357, 2248, 2849, 3214.

Triticum aestivum L. Common wheat. Introduced. Rare, on moist waste
areas. 3297.

- 11 -

GRAMINEAE - continued

Vulpia octoflora (Walt.) Rydb. Six-weeks fescue. Occasional, on sandy
areas and coulee bottoms. 130, 213, 615, 2188.

CYPERACEAE - Sedge family

Carex brevior (Dewey) Mack. Straw-colored sedge. Occasional, in sloughs
and dams. 3415.

Carex eleocharis Bailey. Low sedge. Fairly common, on upland prairie.
112, 1348.

Carex filifolia Nutt. Thread-leaved sedge. Fairly common, on dry sandy
areas. 113, 221, 397, 1555, 1578.

Carex heliophila Mack. Sun-loving sedge. Occasional, on upland prairie and
coulee banks. 398, 827.

Carex lasiocarpa Ehrh. Hairy-fruited sedge. Occasional, in wet areas and
dams. 2867, 3393, 3454.

Carex praegracilis Boott. Graceful sedge. Scarce, in moist slough areas.
2866, 3404.

Carex scoparia Schk. Broom sedge. Occasional, in moist slough areas. 3415.

Eleocharis acicularis (L.) R. and S. Needle spike-rush. Scarce, in alkaline
meadows. 731.

Eleocharis palustris (L.) R. and S. Creeping spike-rush. Common, in sloughs
and flooded areas. 246, 2862.

Scirpus americanus Pers. Three-square bulrush. Common, in sloughs, streams,
and alkaline areas. 192, 2863, 5311.

Scirpus validus Vahl. Great bulrush. Fairly common, in sloughs and dams.
2864, 3403.

JUNCACEAE - Rush family

Juncus balticus Willd. var . montanus Engelm. wire rush. Common, in
sloughs and wet areas. 134, 2901, 3394.

Juncus bufonius L. Toad rush. Occasional, on low, moist areas and sloughs.
3034, 3219

Juncus castaneus Smith. Chestnut rush. Occasional, in dry coulee bottoms. 3443

- 12 -

LILIACEAE - Lily family

Allium textile Nels. and Macbr. Prairie onion. Common, on dry upland prairie.
135, 222, 248, 406, 1349.

Asparagus officinalis L. Asparagus. Introduced. Rare, on disturbed areas. 5205,

Fritillaria pudica (Pursh) Spreng. Yellow-bell. Very rare, on moist slopes. 407,

Smilacina stellata (L.) Desf. Star-flowered Solomon' s -seal. Fairly common,
in moist areas and coulee bottoms. 485, 628, 1371, 2342, 3451.

Yucca glauca Nutt. Soapweed. Local, along dry exposed slopes of Lost River
coulee. 409, 486, 2123, 2868.

Zygadenus gramineus Rydb . Death camas. Common on moist slopes. 133, 1370,
2190.

IRIDACEAE - Iris family

Sisyrinchium montanum Greene. Blue-eyed grass. Occasional, in moist draws
and low-lying areas. 3142, 3208.

SALICACEAE - Willow family

Populus angustifolia James. Narrow-leaf cottonwood. Occasional, on moist
areas along roadsides and in coulees. 3405.

Populus deltoides Marsh. Western cottonwood. Occasional, in moist coulee
bottoms. 136, 3035.

Salix amygdaloides Anderss. Peach-leaved willow. Fairly common, in wet
places near dams and along roadsides. 3036, 3456.

Salix fluviatilis Nutt. River willow. Fairly common, in wet places near
dams and along roadsides. 2838, 3037.

ULMACEAE - Elm family
Ulmus pumila L. Dwarf elm. Introduced. Scarce, on farmyard. 5237.

SANTALACEAE - Sandalwood family

Comandra umbelleta (L. ) Nutt. var . pallida (DC.) Jones. Bastard toadflax.
Fairly common, on upland prairie and long coulee edges. 310,
586, 1379, 1721, 2182, 2635, 3388.

- 13 -

POLYGONACEAE - Buckwheat family

Eriogonum cernuum Nutt. Nodding umbrella plant. Common, on badlands and dry
coulee slopes. 2553, 2683.

Eriogonum flavum Nutt. Yellow umbrella plant. Common, along dry sandy
coulee edges. 137, 1389, 2869, 3516.

Polygonum aviculare L. Prostrate knotweed. Common, on waste areas and
roadways. 2346, 2474, 2745, 3039.

Polygonum coccineum Muhl. Water smartweed. Found in sloughs. 3165.

Polygonum convolvulus L. wild buckwheat. Fairly common, on waste areas and
cultivated ground. 2747, 3174.

Polygonum douglasii Greene. Douglas knotweed. Fairly common, along edges
of saline sloughs. 996.

Polygonum lapathifolium L. Willow-weed. Fairly common, in sloughs and
moist coulee bottoms. 253, 329, 410.

Polygonum scabrum Moench . Green smartweed. Fairly common, in waste areas.
2746.

Rumex acetosella L. Sheep sorrel. Introduced. Fairly common, on waste
areas. 635.

Rumex maritimus L. var. fueginus (Phil.) Dusen. Golden dock. Common,
along saline shores. 3038.

Rumex triangulivalvis (Dans.) Rech . Narrow-leaved dock. Common, in sloughs
and moist areas. 252, 3368.

Rumex venosus Pursh. Wild begonia. Fairly common, along roadsides and
sandy areas. 138, 250, 432.

CHENOPODIACEAE - Goosefoot family

Atriplex argentea Nutt. Silver saltbush. Fairly common, on eroded saline
and waste areas. 2872, 3493.

Atriplex hortensis L. Garden orache. Introduced. Rare, on waste areas.
2982, 3492, 5181.

Atriplex nuttallii Wats. Salt sage. Common, in badlands and saline upland
areas. 194, 332, 638, 1372, 3344, 3412.

Atriplex patula var. hastata (L.) Gray. Common orache. Occasional, on
saline areas. 3462.

- 14 -

CHENOPODIACEAE - continued

Atriplex suckleyi (Torr.) Rydb. Endolepis. Occasional, on saline areas.
195, 333, 764, 2440.

Chenopodium album L. Lamb' s-quarters. Introduced. Common, on waste areas
and roadsides. 3097.

Chenopodium berlandieri Moq. var. farinosum (Ludwig) Aellen. Stinking
goosefoot. Occasional, on low eroded areas. 2511, 3395.

Chenopodium fremontii Wats. Fremont's goosefoot. Occasional, on moist
areas and on sandy prairie areas. 2684, 3306, 3536.

Chenopodium leptophyllum (Moq.) Nutt. Narrow-leaved goosefoot. Fairly
common, on dry saline soil. 3428.

Chenopodium pratericola Rydb. Ob long -leaved goosefoot. Fairly common, on
dry soil. 2397, 2510, 2556.

Chenopodium rubrum L. Red goosefoot. Fairly common, in dry sloughs. 3040.

Chenopodium salinum Standi. Oak-leaved goosefoot. Occasional, on eroded
saline soil. 2675.

Corispermum hyssopifolium L. Bugseed. Occasional, on sandy areas. 2102.

Corispermum orientale Lam. var. emarginatum (Rydb.) Macbr. Villose

bugseed. Occasional, on sandy areas. 1058, 2103, 2685.

Eurotia lanata (Pursh) Moq. Winter fat. Common, on dry prairie and heavy
soils. 140, 1283, 1398, 4079.

Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad. Summer cypress. Introduced. Common, along
roadsides and on disturbed areas. 2513, 3042.

Monolepis nuttalliana (Schultes) Greene. Spear-leaved monolepis. Common,
on saline and alkaline soils. 538, 2512, 3098, 3175.

Salsola kali L. Russian thistle. Introduced. Very common, on dry and
disturbed areas. 2983, 3043.

Sarcobatus vermiculatus (Hook.) Torr. Greasewood. Fairly common, along
coulee bottoms and on eroded saline areas. 254.

Suaeda depressa (Pursh) Wats. Western sea-blight. Fairly common, on saline
areas. 141, 3044.

Suaeda depressa (Pursh) Wats. var. erecta Wats. Common sea-blight.
Common, on saline areas. 5235.

- 15 -

AMARANTHACEAE - Amaranth family

Amaranthus albus L. Tumbleweed. Fairly common, along roadsides and on
waste areas. 2986, 3045, 3144.

Amaranthus graecizans L. Prostrate amaranth. Common, on disturbed areas
and along roadsides. 2985.

Amaranthus retroflexus L. Red-root pigweed. Introduced. Very common, on
disturbed areas and cultivated fields. 2984.

NYCTAGINACEAE - Four -o'clock family

Abronia micrantha Torr. Sand-puffs. Rare, found only in sand dune area. 3464

Mirabilis hirsuta (Pursh) MacM. Umbrellawort. Fairly common, on sandy soils.
1140, 2873.

CARYOPHYLLACEAE - Pink family

Cerastium arvense L. Field chickweed. Common, in draws and moist areas. 3100

Paronychia sessiliflora Nutt. Low whitlow-wort. Common, on dry prairie and
rocky areas. 255, 2607, 3424, 3542.

Silene cserei Baumg. Smooth catchfly. Fairly common, on disturbed areas and
along roadsides. 3342.

Silene drummondii Hook. Drummond's cockle. Occasional, on sandy soils. 3501.

Silene pratensis (Rafn) Godron and Gren. White cockle. Introduced. Fairly
common, on disturbed areas. 2800.

Spergularia marina (l.) Griseb. var . leiosperma (Kindb.) Gurke. Salt-marsh

sand spurry. Occasional, along margins of saline sloughs. 3046.

RANUNCULACEAE - Crowfoot family

Myosurus aristatus Benth. Bristly mousetail. Occasional, in muddy slough

margins. Also found in alkaline and saline sloughs and meadows.
974, 1929, 2126.

Ranunculus acris L. Tall buttercup. Introduced. Occasional, in wet areas
near ponds. 258.

Ranunculus aquatilis L. var. capillaceus (Thuill.) DC. Large-leaved water
crowfoot. Occasional, in wet areas near ponds. 3101.

- 16 -

RANUNCULACEAE - continued

Ranunculus cymbalaria Pursh. Creeping buttercup. Fairly common, in wet
areas. 259, 449, 2201, 2875, 3047.

Ranunculus glaberrimus Hook. Early buttercup. Occasional, in moist
depressions on prairie. 1558, 2163, 2198, 2333.

Ranunculus macounii Britt. Macoun's buttercup. Fairly common, in moist and
wet places. 257.

CAPPARIDACEAE - Caper family

Cleome serrulata Pursh. Rocky mountain bee plant. Occasional, along roadsides
264, 5309.

CRUCIFERAE - Mustard family

Arabis divaricarpa Nels. Purple rock cress. Occasional, on upland prairie.
5304.

Arabis holboellii Hornem. var. retrofracta (Graham) Rydb. Holboell's rock
cress. Common, on upland prairie. 263, 375, 450, 546, 793,
833, 1350, 2164, 3396.

Brass ica campestris L. Rape. Introduced. Occasional, on waste places.
3226, 3423.

Brassica juncea (L.) Cosson. Indian mustard. Introduced. Occasional, on
waste places. 3225, 3494.

Camelina microcarpa Andrz. Small-seeded false flax. Introduced. Scarce, in
waste areas. 5312.

Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medic. Shepherd's purse. Introduced. Scarce,
in waste areas. 145.

Conringia orientalis (L.) Dum. Hare's-ear mustard. Introduced. Scarce, in
waste areas. 215.

Descurainia pinnata (Walt.) Britt. Green tansy mustard. Occasional, on dry
prairie. 867, 868, 2613.

Descurainia sophia (L.) Webb. Flixweed. Introduced. Common, on disturbed
areas. 262, 2444, 2612, 3105.

Draba nemorosa L. Yellow whitlow-grass. Common, on moist slopes on upland
prairie. 832, 1931, 2207.

- 17 -

CRUCIFERAE - continued

Erysimum inconspicuum (Wats.) MacM. Small-flowered prairie-rocket. Fairly
common, on dry prairie and disturbed areas. 147, 2205, 2560,
3397.

Lepidium densiflorum Schrad. Common peppergrass. Common, along roadsides
and fields. 261, 2203, 3522, 5308.

Lepidium ramosissimum Nels. Branched peppergrass. Fairly common, on dry
prairie. 260, 3103.

Lesquerella arenosa (Richards) Rydb. Silvery bladderpod. Common, on eroded,
exposed sites. 414, 643, 831, 1692, 2355, 2610, 2876, 5301.

Rorippa islandica (Oeder) Borbas. Marsh yellow cress. Fairly common, on
moist areas. 3145.

Rorippa sinuata (Nutt.) Hitchc. Spreading yellow cress. Occasional, in dry
stream beds. 2204.

Sisymprium altissimum L. Tumbling mustard. Introduced. Common, on
disturbed areas. 146, 2443, 2611.

Thlaspi arvense L. Stinkweed. Introduced. Common, on disturbed areas.
144, 2609.

GROSSULARIACEAE - Currant family

Ribes aureum Pursh. Golden currant. Scarce, in moist coulee bottoms. 2841.

Ribes oxyacanthoides L. Wild gooseberry. Fairly common, in moist draws.
2840, 3385.

ROSACEAE - Rose family

Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt. Saskatoon. Scarce, on moist coulee slopes.
2367, 3392.

Chamaerhodos erecta (L.) Bunge var . parviflora (Nutt.) Hitchc. Ground
rose. Fairly common, on gravelly soil. 149, 2366, 2486.

Fragaria virginiana Duchesne. Wild strawberry. Scarce, in moist draws. 3504

Geum allepicum Jacq. Yellow avens. Rare, in moist coulee bottoms. 270.

Geum triflorum Pursh. Old man's whiskers. Fairly common, on flats and

moist slopes on upland prairie. 224, 271, 399, 722, 1941, 2208.

- 18 -

ROSACEAE - continued

Potentilla anserina L. Silverweed. Fairly common, along coulee draws. 376/
452, 3409.

Potentilla arguta Pursh. White cinquefoil. Fairly common, on moist prairie.
269, 2760.

Potentilla concinna Richards. Early cinquefoil. Common, on dry prairie.
1351, 1562, 2175, 2842, 3389.

Potentilla concinna Richards var . divisa Rydb. Dissected cinquefoil.
Fairly common, in moist draws and coulees. 834.

Potentilla gracilis Dougl. Graceful cinquefoil. Fairly common, on low
moist areas. 2759, 2877, 3218, 3444.

Potentilla norvegica L. Rough cinquefoil. Scarce, in moist areas. 3048.

Potentilla pensylvanica L. Prairie cinquefoil. Fairly common, on moist
slopes. 267, 721, 3515.

Potentilla quinquefolia Rydb. Five-fingered cinquefoil. Scarce, on dry
prairie. 268, 835.

Prunus virginiana L. Choke cherry. Scarce, in moist draws. 491, 2878, 3293

Rosa acicularis Lindl. Prickly rose. Scarce, along coulee draws. 3215.

Rosa woodsii Lindl. Common wild rose. Fairly common, on moist slopes.
2494, 3398.

LEGUMINOSAE - Pea family

Astragalus agrestis Dougl. Purple milkvetch. Fairly common, on moist
grassland. 225, 279, 280, 434, 2882, 5222.

Astragalus bisulcatus (Hook.) Gray. Two-grooved milkvetch. Fairly common,
on dry prairie. 276, 395, 1374, 1504, 1616.

Astragalus cicer L. Cicer milkvetch. Introduced. Scarce, on cultivated
land. 1391, 3050.

Astragalus crassicarpus Nutt. Ground plum. Scarce, on moist locations on
prairie. 156, 2015, 3382, 5306.

Astragalus gilviflorus Sheldon. Cushion milkvetch. Common, on eroded areas
and dry slopes. 278, 841, 1418, 1945, 2167, 5131.

- 19 -

LEGUMINOSAE - continued

Astragalus missouriensis Nutt. Missouri milkvetch. Fairly common, on

slopes and eroded hillsides. 455, 556, 787, 839, 939, 1505,
1693, 2013, 5130.

Astragalus pectinatus Dougl. Narrow-leaved milkvetch. Fairly common, on
dry prairie. 155, 277, 1375, 1696.

Astragalus purshii Dougl. Pursh's milkvetch. Fairly common, on dry hillsides
840, 1471, 1932, 2014, 2166.

Astragalus spatulatus Sheldon. Tufted milkvetch. Fairly common, along
exposed coulee edges. 274, 1674, 2114, 2177, 3487, 5305.

Astragalus striatus Nutt. Ascending purple milkvetch. Fairly common, on
dry prairie. 709, 1390, 1726, 2621, 2881.

Astragalus tenellus Pursh. Loose-flowered milkvetch. Fairly common, on
eroded areas and dry slopes. 154, 275, 2274.

Caragana arborescens Lam. Common caragana. Introduced. Scarce, on old
farmsteads. 3117.

Glycyrrhiza lepidota (Nutt.) Pursh. Wild licorice. Common, on sandy areas
and valleys. 159.

Hedysarum alpinum L. var. americanum Michx. American hedysarum. Fairly
common, in moist draws. 217.

Hedysarum boreale Nutt. Northern hedysarum. Scarce, on dry hillsides. 3486.

Lupinus pusillus Pursh. Annual lupine. Common, on sandy areas. 377, 1809.

Medicago falcata L. Yellow alfalfa. Introduced. Fairly common, along
roadsides and in waste places. 3146.

Medicago lupulina L. Black medick. Introduced. Rare, on waste areas. 3049.

Medicago sativa L. Alfalfa. Introduced. Fairly common, along roadsides
and waste places. 2449.

Melilotus alba Desr. white sweet clover. Introduced. Common, along
roadsides and waste places. 2763, 3147.

Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam. Yellow sweet clover. Introduced. Common,
along roadsides and waste places. 2619, 2764, 2802.

Oxytropis campestris (L.) DC. var. gracilis (Nels.) Barneby. Late yellow
locoweed. Common, on moist upland prairie. 157, 282, 283.

- 20 -

LEGUMINOSAE - continued

Oxytropis sericea Nutt. var . spicata (Hook.) Barneby. Early yellow

locoweed. Common, on upland prairie and hillsides. 378, 1419.

Oxytropis splendens Dougl. Showy locoweed. Scarce, in moist areas. 416.

Petalostemon candidum (Willd.) Michx. White prairie clover. Fairly common,
on dry coulee slopes. 273, 1399, 3303.

Petalostemon purpureum (Vent.) Rydb. Purple prairie clover. Scarce, in
moist areas. 3532.

Psoralea lanceolata Pursh. Scurf pea. Common, on sandy areas. 2620, 2723,
2880.

Thermopsis rhombifolia (Nutt.) Richards. Golden bean. Common, along roadsides
and sandy soils. 151, 1373, 2165, 2703.

Vicia americana Muhl. American vetch. Common, along roadsides and depressions
in upland prairie. 160, 1376, 2215.

LINACEAE - Flax family

Linum lewisii Pursh. wild blue flax. Common, on upland prairie and sandy
areas. 286, 343, 344, 658, 2883, 3121, 3207.

Linum rigidum Pursh. Yellow flax. Common, on sandy soils. 287, 364, 381,
382, 741, 3177, 3302, 3362.

EUPHORBIACEAE - Spurge family

Euphorbia serpyllifolia Pers. Thyme-leaved spurge. Fairly common, on moist
sandy soils. 1400, 2136, 2277, 2768.

ANACARDIACEAE - Sumach family

Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunk bush. Common, on coulee slopes. 161, 288, 1509,
3446, 3530.

ACERACEAE - Maple family
Acer negundo L. Manitoba maple. Scarce, on farmyards and roadsides. 312 2.

- 21 -

MALVACEAE - Mallow family

Malva rotundifolia L. Common mallow. Introduced. Rare, on waste areas,
2331, 3051.

Sphaeralcea coccinea (Pursh) Rydb. Scarlet globe-mallow. Common, on
disturbed areas along roadsides. 162, 218, 1401, 3447.

VIOLACEAE - Violet family

Viola adunca Smith. Early blue violet. Occasional, on moist prairie
slopes. 3383.

Viola nuttallii Pursh. Yellow prairie violet. Fairly common, in moist
locations. 444, 2168, 3386.

Viola nuttallii Pursh. var . vallicola (Nels.) St. John. Valley yellow
violet. Occasional, on moist prairie. 3123.

CACTACEAE - Cactus family

Coryphantha vivipara (Nutt.) Britt. and Brown. Cushion cactus. Fairly
common, on upland prairie. 164.

Opuntia polyacantha Haw. Prickly pear. Common, on upland prairie and
denuded areas. 163, 3124.

ELAEAGNACEAE - Oleaster family

Elaeagnus angustifolia L. Russian olive. Introduced. Scarce, on abandoned
farmyards. 2885.

Elaeagnus commutata Bernh. Wolf-willow. Common, on sandy soils and along
coulee slopes. 458, 2497, 2623.

Shepherdia argentea Nutt. Thorny buffalo-berry. Fairly common, in coulees
and along drainage channels. 289, 2886.

ONAGRACEAE - Evening primrose family

Boisduvalia glabella (Nutt.) Walp. Smooth spike-primrose. Rare, on moist,
alkaline mud flats. 2219, 2678.

Epilobium angusti folium L. Fireweed. Rare, in moist coulees. 38 3.

Epilobium ciliatum Raf. Northern willowherb. Occasional, in moist areas. 3052,

- 22 -

ONAGRACEAE - continued

Epilobium paniculatum Nutt. Annual willowherb. Occasional, on moist slopes,
1010, 2564, 3305.

Gaura coccinea Pursh. Scarlet butter fly -weed. Fairly common, on upland
prairie. 167, 201, 2625.

Oenothera andina Nutt. Upland evening primrose. Scarce, on dry sandy soils
2624, 2770, 5126.

Oenothera biennis L. Common evening primrose. Occasional, on moist slopes.
1118, 1408.

Oenothera caespitosa Nutt. Butte primrose. Common, on dry slopes of gumbo
or clay soils and gumbo flats. 166, 219, 226, 459, 560, 2218,
3125.

Oenothera flava (Nels.) Garrett. Yellow evening primrose. Occasional,
along drainage channels and clay flats. 1402, 2996, 3150.

Oenothera nuttallii Sweet. White evening primrose. Common, on sandy soil
and along roadsides. 290, 291, 1895, 2450, 3361.

UMBELLIFERAE - Parsley family

Carum carvi L. Caraway. Introduced. Rare, on waste areas. 561.

Cymopterus acaulis (Pursh) Raf. Plains cymopterus. Common, on dry upland
prairie. 796, 821, 842, 1730, 2337.

Lomatium foeniculaceum (Nutt.) Coult. and Rose. Hairy-fruited wild parsley.
Common, on upland prairie. 293, 1219, 1352, 1731.

Lomatium macrocarpum (Hook, and Arn.) Coult. and Rose. Long-fruited wild
parsley. Common, on upland prairie. 723, 843.

Lomatium triternatum (Pursh) Coult. and Rose. Western wild parsley. Rare,
in moist coulees 3381, 5303.

Musineon divaricatum (Pursh) Nutt. Leafy musineon. Common, on dry upland
prairie. 1729, 2169, 2336.

CORNACEAE - Dogwood family

Cornus stolonifera Michx. Red-osier dogwood. Occasional, in moist coulees.
5186.

- 23 -

PRIMULACEAE - Primrose family

Androsace septentrionalis L. Pygmy flower. Fairly common, on upland
prairie. 1324, 3491.

Dodecatheon conjugens Greene. Shooting star. Occasional, in moist areas.
294, 3387.

Dodecatheon pulchellum (Raf.) Merr. Saline shooting star. Common, in wet
areas and saline flats. 228, 401, 1353, 1564, 2170, 2596.

Glaux maritima L. Sea milkwort. Occasional, in moist, saline areas. 435, 494

GENTIANACEAE - Gentian family

Gentiana affinis Griseb. Prairie gentian. Occasional, in moist grassland.
384, 2690, 3358.

Gentianella amarella (L.) Borner. Northern gentian. Scarce, in wet areas. 202

APOCYNACEAE - Dogbane family

Apocynum androsaemi folium L. Spreading dogbane. Occasional, in moist creek
beds. 3416.

Apocynum cannabinum L. Indian hemp. Occasional, on moist areas. 3410.

ASCLEPIADACEAE - Milkweed family

Asclepias speciosa Torr. Showy milkweed. Occasional, along roadsides and
on moist areas. 744, 1392, 3407.

CONVOLVULACEAE - Morning-glory family

Convolvulus arvensis L. Field bindweed. Introduced. Occasional, on waste
areas and roadsides. 3299.

Convolvulus sepium L. Hedge bindweed. Occasional, on waste places and
roadsides. 2285, 3411.

POLEMONIACEAE - Phlox family

Collomia linearis Nutt. Narrow-leaved collomia. Fairly common, on dry
soils and sandy places. 873, 2223, 2888, 3128.

- 24 -

POLEMONIACEAE - continued

Linanthus septentrionalis Mason. Northern linanthus. Rare, on sandy areas.
1191, 2628, 3519.

Navarretia minima Nutt. Pin-cushion plant. Fairly common, on coulee
slopes. 1124, 1393, 2141, 3155.

Phlox hoodii Richards. Moss phlox. Common, on upland prairie and eroded
soils. 114, 229, 402, 1935, 2105, 2339.

BORAGINACEAE - Borage family

Cryptantha fendleri (Gray) Greene. Fendler's crypthanthe. Common, on sandy
areas. 2500, 2630.

Cryptantha macounii (Eastw.) Payson. Macoun's crypthanthe. Occasional, on
upland prairie. 2629.

Cryptantha nubigena (Greene) Payson. Clustered oreocarya. Fairly common,
on upland prairie. 170, 298, 2230.

Heliotropium curassavicnm L. Saline heliotrope. Occasional, on moist
saline flats. 169, 296, 1291, 4714.

Lappula echinata Gilib. Blue-bur. Introduced. Common, on waste areas.
297, 495, 2229, 2286, 2774, 3220.

Lappula redowskii (Hornem.) Greene. Western blue-bur. Fairly common, on
dry prairie and along roadsides. 462, 496, 570, 2142.

Lithospermum canescens (Michx.) Lehm. Hoary puccoon. Occasional, on dry or
sandy prairie. 418, 2181.

Lithospermum incisum Lehm. Narrow-leaved puccoon. Fairly common, on upland
prairie. 385, 419, 2381, 2631, 3221, 3503.

Plagiobothrys scouleri (H. and A.) Johnston. Scouler's popcorn-flower.
Occasional, on saline areas. 3440, 5153.

LABIATAE - Mint family

Hedeoma hispida Pursh. Rough penny royal. Fairly common, on upland
prairie. 577, 1727, 3514.

Mentha arvensis L. Wild mint. Common, in low-lying wet locations. 2288.

- 25 -

SOLANACEAE - Nightshade family

Lycium ha limi folium Mill. Matrimony vine. Introduced. Rare, on abandoned
farmsteads. 3291, 3437, 3465.

Solanum triflorum Nutt. Wild tomato. Occasional, on disturbed areas and
roadsides. 299, 300, 3502.

SCROPHULARIACEAE - Figwort family

Castilleja sessiliflora Pursh. Downy paintbrush. Occasional, on sandy
areas. 3213, 3399.

Limosella aquatica L. Mudwort. Occasional, in muddy or wet locations. 3131.

Linaria dalmatica (L.) Mill. Broad-leaved toad-flax. Introduced. Rare, on
disturbed and waste areas. 3341.

Mimulus guttatus DC. Yellow monkey-flower. Very rare, in coulees. 306.

Orthocarpus luteus Nutt. Owl-clover. Very common, on upland prairie. 307,
499, 2776, 3266, 4866.

Penstemon albidus Nutt. White beard-tongue. Common, along hillsides and
coulee edges. 749, 1377, 3400, 3448.

Penstemon confertus Dougl. Yellow beard-tongue. Fairly common, on upland
prairie. 578, 2031, 2234, 2633, 3130, 3449.

Penstemon gracilis Nutt. Lilac-flowered beard-tongue. Rare, on moist
grassland. 302.

Penstemon nitidus Dougl. Smooth blue beard-tongue. Occasional, on eroded
areas and coulee banks. 301, 1473, 5300.

Penstemon procerus Dougl. Slender blue beard-tongue. Fairly common, around
slough edges and low areas. 304, 3129.

Veronica peregrina L. var . xalapensis (HBK) St. John and Warren. Hairy

speedwell. Common, on moist locations. 2146, 2235, 3132, 3524

OROBANCHACEAE - Broom-rape family

Orobanche fasciculata Nutt. Clustered broom-rape. Fairly common, on upland
prairie. 1084, 3531.

Orobanche ludoviciana Nutt. Broom-rape. Occasional, on sandy prairie.
3300, 3534.

- 26 -

LENTIBULARIACEAE - Bladderwort family

Utricularia vulgaris L. Common bladderwort. Fairly common, in sloughs and
dams. 1327.

PLANTAGINACEAE - Plantain family

Plantago elongata Pursh. Linear-leaved plantain. Occasional , in moist
locations. 2237.

Plantago eriopoda Torr. Saline plantain. Common, on saline or alkaline
soils and slough margins. 309, 436, 2890.

Plantago major L. Common plantain. Introduced. Fairly common, in
farmyards, roads, and waste areas. 308, 420, 3295.

Plantago patagonica Jacq. Pursh' s plantain. Common, on upland prairie.
387, 438, 876, 1378.

Plantago patagonica Jacq. var . spinulosa (Dene.) Gray. Spiny plantain.

Fairly common, upland prairie and disturbed areas. 437, 2697,
2779, 3134.

RUBIACEAE - Madder family

Galium boreale L. Northern bedstraw. Fairly common, in moist low places
500, 2780, 2891.

CAPRIFOLIACEAE - Honeysuckle family

Symphoricarpos occidentalis Hook. Western snowberry. Fairly common, in
draws and coulees. 173, 2455.

CAMPANULACEAE - Bluebell family

Campanula rotundifolia L. Bluebell. Common, in low-lying areas and along
roadsides. 388, 587, 3216.

COMPOS ITAE - Composite family

Achillea millefolium L. Common yarrow. Introduced. Common, along
roadsides and on waste places. 2785.

Achillea millefolium L. var. lanulosa (Nutt.) Piper. Woolly yarrow. Fairly
common, in moist locations and along roadsides. 181, 206, 1382,

- 27

COMPOS I TAE - continued

Agoseris glauca (Pursh) Raf. False dandelion. Fairly common, on moist
prairie. 506, 1407, 3160.

Agoseris glauca (Pursh) Raf. var . agrestis . Long-leaved false dandelion.
Occasional, on moist prairie. 5313.

Agoseris glauca (Pursh) Raf. var. dasycephala (T. and G.) Jeps . Pubescent

false dandelion. Fairly common, on hillsides and moist prairie,
359, 505, 598, 1395.

Antennaria dimorpha (Nutt.) T. and G. Cushion pussy-toes. Scarce, on upland
prairie. 1268, 1355.

Antennaria nitida Greene. Pussy-toes. Fairly common, on upland prairie.
78, 427, 5113.

Antennaria parvifolia Nutt. Small-leaf pussy-toes. Common, on upland
prairie. 3390, 3505, 5127.

Antennaria rosea Greene. Rosy pussy-toes. Fairly common, on upland prairie.
426, 590, 3490, 5128.

Arnica fulgens Pursh. Shining arnica. Common, in moist locations. 324,
1521, 1914, 2240, 3224.

Artemisia biennis Willd. Biennial sage wort. Occasional, in moist areas
and on disturbed areas. 595.

Artemisia campestris L. Plains wormwood. Fairly common, on sandy soils and
dry slopes. 469, 909, 3363.

Artemisia cana Pursh. Silvery sagebrush. Common, on upland prairie and
along stream banks. 183, 3023, 5047.

Artemisia dracunculus L. Linear-leaved wormwood. Fairly common, on upland
prairie. 593.

Artemisia frigida Willd. Pasture sage. Common, on upland prairie and on
disturbed areas. 182, 1621, 3304, 3526.

Artemisia longifolia Nutt. Long-leaved sage. Common, on eroded slopes and
in badlands. 323, 880, 2161.

Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt. var. gnaphalodes (Nutt.) T. and G. Slender
sage. Common, in moist areas. 322.

Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt. var . pabularis (Nels.) Fern. Prairie sage.
Common, in saline areas. 3021.

- 28 -

COMPOS I TAE - continued

Aster brachyactis Blake. Rayless aster. Fairly common, on moist saline
areas. 3056.

Aster ericoides L. Many-flowered aster. Common, on upland prairie. 423,
2571, 3469.

Aster falcatus Lindl. Creeping white prairie aster. Fairly common, on
upland prairie. 3356.

Chrysopsis villosa (Pursh) Nutt. Golden aster. Common, on upland prairie.
313, 422, 1405, 3357.

Chrysothamnus nauseosus (Pall.) Brit. Rabbitbrush. Occasional, on eroded
slopes. 314, 352, 1294, 1409, 1733, 3426.

Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. Canada thistle. Common, along roadsides and in
moist disturbed areas. 3026, 3159, 3259.

Cirsium flodmanii (Rydb.) Arthur. Flodman's thistle. Occasional, on moist
prairie. 3301.

Cirsium undulatum (Nutt.) Spreng. Wavy-leaved thistle. Fairly common, on
upland prairie and roadsides. 3408.

Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt. Common tickseed. Common, along slough edges.
318, 2295, 3290.

Crepis runcinata (James) T. and G. Meadow hawk 's-beard. Fairly common, in
saline sloughs. 944.

Erigeron caespitosus Nutc. Tufted fleabane. Fairly common, on upland
prairie. 425, 1949, 3450.

Erigeron canadensis L. Canada fleabane. Common, on disturbed areas. 316,
2293, 2582, 3061, 3181.

Erigeron pumilus Nutt. Hairy fleabane. Common, on upland prairie. 315,
1394, 3223.

Franseria acanthicarpa (Hook.) Coville. Bur ragweed. Occasional, in sandy
areas. 1040, 2570, 2691.

Gaillardia aristata Pursh. Great-flowered gaillardia. Common, on upland
prairie. 320, 1381, 2892, 3135.

Gnaphalium palustre Nutt. Western marsh cudweed. Common, on slough edges
and moist areas. 3062.

- 29 -

COMPOS ITAE - continued

Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal. Gumweed. Common, on saline flats and
slough margins. 312, 3359.

Gutierrezia sarothrae (Pursh) Britt. and Rusby. Broomweed. Common, on
upland prairie. 203, 685, 1404, 2456.

Haplopappus lanceolatus (Hook.) T. and G. Lance-leaved ironplant. Fairly
common, in moist saline areas. 176, 2807.

Haplopappus nuttallii T. and G. Toothed ironplant. Fairly common, on dry
eroded areas. 956, 1295, 2636, 3498, 4948.

Haplopappus spinulosus (Pursh) DC. Spiny ironplant. Fairly common, on
upland prairie and hillsides. 353.

Helianthus couplandii Boivin. Annual sunflower. Fairly common, in sandy
areas and along roadsides. 2538, 2694.

Helianthus nuttallii T. and G. Common tall sunflower. Fairly common, in
low moist areas. 3294.

Hymenoxys acaulis (Pursh) Parker. Butte marigold. Common, on eroded
hillsides. 985, 1969, 2391, 2502.

Hymenoxys richardsonii (Hook.) Cockerell. Colorado rubber-plant. Common,
on upland prairie and dry hillsides. 179, 319, 1380, 1518,
1903, 2392.

Iva axillaris Pursh. Poverty-weed. Fairly common, on saline heavy textured
soils. 421, 2150.

Jva xanthifolia Nutt. False ragweed. Occasional, along roadsides and
disturbed areas. 2568, 3267, 3346.

Lactuca pulchella (Pursh) DC. Common blue lettuce. Common, in moist areas
and along roadsides. 2301.

Lactuca serriola L. Prickly lettuce. Introduced. Common, along roadsides
and waste places. 3029.

Liatris punctata Hook. Dotted blazing star. Common, on upland prairie and
dry hillsides. 311, 1403, 1541, 3355.

Lygodesmia juncea (Pursh) Don. Skeleton-weed. Common, on upland prairie
and on sandy soils. 185, 1383, 2576.

Lygodesmia rostrata Gray. Annual skeleton-weed. Occasional, on sandy
soils. 2104, 3544.

- 30 -

COMPOS ITAE - continued

Machaer anther a canescens (Pursh) Gray. Hoary aster. Common, along

roadsides and in moist areas. 424, 689, 1298, 2151, 3367.

Madia glomerata Hook. Tarweed. Occasional, on slough edges. 3015.

Microseris cuspidata (Pursh) Schultz-Bip. Prairie false dandelion. Rare,
Lost River and along dry coulees. 2184, 3391, 5302.

Ratibida columnifera (Nutt.) Wooton and Standi. Prairie cone-flower.

Fairly common, in moist areas and along roadsides. 205, 317,
2083, 3354.

Senecio canus Hook. Prairie groundsel. Common, on upland prairie. 325,
428, 1089, 2638, 3452.

Senecio integerrimus Nutt. Entire-leaved groundsel. Fairly common, on
moist prairie. 2242.

Senecio integerrimus Nutt. var . exaltatus (Nutt.) Cronq. Western
groundsel. Fairly common, on moist prairie. 1090.

Soligado missouriensis Nutt. Low goldenrod. Fairly common, on upland
prairie. 204, 1406, 2809.

Solidago rigida L. var. humilis Porter. Stiff goldenrod. Fairly common,
on upland prairie. 715, 3366, 3543.

Solidago spathulata DC. Mountain goldenrod. Fairly common, on upland
prairie. 3365.

Sonchus arvensis L. Perennial sow thistle. Introduced. Fairly common, on
moist disturbed areas. 3171, 3345.

Sonchus asper (L.) Hill. Annual sow thistle. Introduced. Fairly common,
on moist disturbed areas. 3031.

Sonchus uliginosus Bieb. Smooth perennial sow thistle. Introduced. Fairly
common, on moist disturbed areas. 3030, 3172.

Taraxacum officinale Weber. Dandelion. Introduced. Common, on moist
disturbed areas. 470, 599, 2708.

Townsendia exscapa (Richards.) Porter. Low townsendia. Occasional, on
eroded dry hillsides. 1965.

Tragopogon dubius Scop. Goat ' s-beard. Introduced. Common, on upland
prairie, roadsides and waste places. 2640, 3343.

Xanthium strumarium L. Cocklebur. Occasional, on moist disturbed areas. 3369

- 31

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Boivin, B. 1967-1981. Flora of the Prairie Provinces, Vols. 1-5.
Provancheria , Laval University, Quebec, Quebec.

Coupland, R. T. 1950. Ecology of Mixed Prairie in Canada. Ecol. Mono.
20: 271-315.

Coupland, R. T. 1961. A reconsideration of grassland classification in the
Northern Great Plains of North America. J. Ecol. 49: 135-167.

Hitchcock, C. L. and A. Cronquist. 1973. Flora of the Pacific Northwest.
Univ. of Washington Press, Seattle. 730 pp.

Johnson, Hope and Beryl Hallworth. 1975. Further discoveries of sand verbena
in Alberta. Blue Jay. 33: 13-15.

Looraan, J. 1980. The vegetation of the Canadian Prairie Provinces II. The
grasslands, Part 1. Phytocoenologia 8: 153-190.

Looman, J., and K. F. Best. 1979. Budd's flora of the Canadian Prairie
Provinces. Agr . Can. Publ. 1662. 863 pp.

Moss, E. H. 1944. Lilaea scillioides in southeastern Alberta. Rhodora
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Moss, E. H. 1955. The vegetation of Alberta. Bot. Rev. 21: 493-567.

Packer, J. G. 198 3. Flora of Alberta. 2nd Ed. Univ. of Toronto Press.
Toronto, Ontario. 687 pp.

Scoggan, H. J. 1978-1979. The Flora of Canada, vols. 1-4. National Museums
of Canada. Ottawa, Ontario.

Smith, W. W., and C. A. Wallis. 1976. Extra-limital occurrence of Rocky

Mountain Juniper in southeastern Alberta. Blue Jay 34: 67-68.

Wallis, C. A. 1976. Milk river canyon resource evaluation. Alberta

Recreation, Parks and Wildlife, Edmonton, Alberta 122 pp.

UBnARV BIBll' iTH

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