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143

^iBENEffYORKBOTANICALGABji

FLORA OF MIAMI

BEING DESCRIPTIONS OF

THE SEED-PLANTS GROWING NATURALLY ON

THE EVERGLADE KEYS AND IN THE ADJACENT EVERGLADES

SOUTHERN PENINSULAR FLORIDA

BY

JOHN KUNKEL ^S^ALL, Ph.D., Sc.D.

HEAD CURATOR OF THE MUSEUMS AND HERBARIUM OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN:

LIBRARY

NEW YORK
PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHOR
1913

Copyright, 1913
By John Kunkel Small

Press of

Tke new era Printino compant

Lancaster. Pa.

LIBRARY

NEW VORK

BOTANICAL

GARDEN

PREFACE.

This handbook contains descriptions of the seed-plants growing natu-
rally in the Miami Limestone Region. This area consists of a chain of lime-
stone islands enclosed by the southern portion of the Evei'glades, except
where some of the islands come in contact with the upper half of Bay
Biscayne. The chain stretches, in crescent form, fi'om somewhat north of
the Miami River southwestward toward Cape Sable for a distance of about
fifty-five miles. The islands, apparently, in ancient times formed a part
of the Antilles. Their native vegetation is essentially of a tropical char-
acter, with strong relationships to the flora of Cuba and of the Bahamas.
As far as the native flora is concerned the Everglade Keys represent a
small tropical area isolated on the mainland of the United States.

The vegetation of the islands themselves is divided into two rather
distinct plant-associations, namely, pineland and hammock, which are
usually sharply differentiated from each other. These in turn are both
rather abruptly marked off from the adjacent Everglades. With few
exceptions the individual plant-species are distributed generally over the
area under consideration. However, they are, in the majority of eases,
confined to the one or the other of the plant-associations; consequently, on
the following pages the local distribution of the species is indicated as
" Pinelands," " Hammocks," " Everglades."

In addition to the area already described, two minor elements are
included in our geographical range, the coastal sand-dunes of the narrow
peninsula oi")posite Miami and also those of Virginia Key and Key Biscayne
and the waters of Bay Biscayne itself.

As the plant-life of the Everglade Keys is closely related to that of
the Florida Keys, when a sj^ecies is common to both, the fact is indicated
in this flora by " F. K." (Florida Keys) following the habitat. The
relationship of the plant-species of the Miami flora to the flora of the
West Indies is also indicated; if a species grows on one or more of the
West Indian islands, it is indicated by " Ber." (Bermuda), "Bah." (Ba-
hamas), "Cuba," and if it also occurs in other parts of the West Indies
it is indicated by "Ant." (Antilles).
tf*5 The flowering and fruiting seasons are not indicated; the plants flower

CTi most abundantly in spring and summer, and produce fruit in due time, and
although most or essentially all of the rainfall normally occurs from late
_ spring to early fall, the relative high and even tempex'ature of the other

iv PEEFACE

half of the year and the generally close proximity of the water-table to
the land-surface make a rather continuous flowering and fruiting season
for all vegetation.

The specimens on which this flora is based are presei'ved in the her-
barium of the Xew York Botanical Garden, and the exploration work which
has made this study possible was carried out under the auspices of that
institution. The botanical exploration of the West Indies, caii-ied on at the
same time by the New York Botanical Garden has rendered possible the
detailed indication of the geogTaphical distribution of the species.

J. K. Small.
The New York Botanical Garden,
April 26, 1913.

CONTENTS.

Page.
Key to the Orders vii-xii

Descriptive Flora 1-199

List of Genera and Species published in this Flora 200

Index 201

KEY TO THE ORDERS.

Ovules, and seeds, borne on the face of a bract or a scale : stigmas wanting.

Class 1. Gi'MNOSrEKMAE.

Ovules, and seeds, in a closed cnvity (Ovary) : stigmas present.

Class 2. Angiospeumae.

1. Gymnospermae.

I'lauts growing by a single tcrininal bud, with pinnate leaves circinate in vernation :
embryo prolonged into a spiral. Order Cycadai.es.

Plants growing by lateral as well as by terminal I)uds, with scale-like, flat or needle-
like leaves not' circinate : embryo not prolonged into a spiral. Order Pixales.

2. Angiospermae.

Cotyledon 1 : stem endogenous. Subclass 1. Monocotyledoxes.

Cotyledons normally 2: stem exogenous (with rare exceptions).

Subclass 2. Dicotyledones.

1. Monocotyledones.

Perianth rudimentary or degenerate, the members often bristles or mere scales, not
corolla-like, or "wanting.
Flowers not in the axils of dry or chaffy bracts (scales or glumes).

Perianth of bristles or chaffy scales. Order Pandaxales.

Perianth fleshy or herbaceous, or wanting.

Fruit baccate : endosperm present. Order Auales.

Fruit drupaceous : endosperm wanting. Order Naiadales.

Flowers in the axils of dry or chaffy, usually imbricated, bracts (scales or

glumes). Order Poales.

Perianth of 2 distinct series, the inner series usually corolloid.

Gynoecium of distinct carpels. Order Alismales.

Gynoecium of united carpels.

Endosperm mealy. Order Xyridales.

Endosperm fleshy, horny or cartilaginous.

A. Ovary, and fruit, superior.

a. Herbs, or rarely shrubs or trees, with simple leaves : ovules 2-many

in each cavity of the ovary, or solitary only in the case of a

few herbs
Inflorescence not a fleshy spadix. Order Liliales.

Inflorescence a fleshy spadix subtended by a spathe. Order Arales.

b. Trees or shrubs, with pinnately or palmately compound or lobed

leaf-blades : ovules solitary in each cavity of the ovary.

Order Arecai.es.

B. Ovary, and fruit, wholly inferior or half-inferior.
Endosperm present and usually copious.

Flowers regular : androecium not reduced. Order Amaryllidales.
Flowers very irregular : androecium much reduced and modified.

Order Scitaminales.
. Endosperm wanting.

Flowers regular, monoecious or dioecious : aquatic plants.

Order Hydrocharitales.
Flowers irregular, perfect : terrestrial or epiphytic plants.

Order Orchidales.

2. Dicotyledones.

A. Corolla wanting, except In the pistillate flowers of Juglans (Juglandaceae).
Calyx wanting, at least in the staminate flowers, except sometimes in C'asuarina
(Casuarinaceae).
Herbs.

Flowers mainly perfect. Order Piperales.

Flowers monoecious or dioecious. Order Euphorbiales.

Trees or shrubs : flowers monoecious or dioecious, or polygamous.

vii

i KEY TO THE OEDEKS

Leaves represented by appressed whorled scales : stems or branches loosely
jointed. Order Casuarixales.

Leaves not appressed scales : stems or branches not loosely jointed.
Fruit 1-seeded : seeds without tufts of hairs.

Pistillate flowers without a calyx : ovule erect and orthotropous.

Order Myricales.
Pistillate flowers with a calyx : ovule pendulous and anatropous.
Leaf-blades simple. Oleaceae in Order Oleales.

Leaf-blades compound : fruit a samara.

Oleaceae in Order Oleales.
Fruit many-seeded : seeds each with a tuft of hairs. Order Salicales.
Calyx present at least in the staminate or in the perfect flowers.

Leaves represented by appressed whorled scales : branches loosely jointed.

Order Casuarinales.
Leaves not appressed scales : branches not loosely jointed.

Flowers, at least the staminate, in aments, or ament-like spikes.

Pistillate flowers separate at maturity : fruit a nut or an achene.

Order Fag ales.
Pistillate flowers forming aggregate fruits : fruit drupe-like.

Artocarpaceae in Order Urticales.
Flowers, at least the staminate, not in aments.
a. Ovary superior.

Gynoecium of 1 or several and distinct carpels : stigma and style
solitary.
Carpel solitary.

Style lateral and obliciue.

Petiveriaceae in Order Chenopodiales.
Style axile, erect.

Ovary neither enclosed nor seated in a hypanthium or a
calyx-tube. L'rticaceae in Order Urticales.

Ovary enclosed in or seated in a hypanthium or a calyx-
tube.
Stamens borne under the gynoecium.

Allioniaceae in Order Chenopodiales.
Stamens borne on the hypanthium or adnate to the
calyx-tube. Order Thymeleales.

Carpels several.

Stamens inserted below the ovary.

Families in Order Raxales.
Stamens inserted on the edge of a cup-shaped hypanthium.

Rosaceae in Order Rosales.
Gynoecium of 2 or several united carpels : stigmas or styles 2 or
several.
* Ovary, by abortion, 1-celled and 1-ovuled.
Leaves "with sheathing stipules (ocreae).

Order Polygonales.
Leaves estipulate, or if stipules are present they are not
sheathing.
Trees or shrubs.

Anthers opening by slits : ovary not seated in a
hvpanthium. Ulmaceae in Order Urticales.

Anthers opening by hinged valves : ovary seated in
an accrescent hypanthuim.

Lauraceae in Order Thymeleales.
Herbs or vines.

Leaves with stipules.

Families in Order Chenopodiales.
Leaves without stipules.

Stigmas entire. Order Chenopodiales.

Stigmas 2-cleft.

Euphorbiaceae in Order Euphorbiales.

•♦ Ovary several-celled, or with several placentae, several-

ovuled.

Stamens hvpogynous, inserted under the gynoecium in the

perfect flowers, not on a disk in the pistillate flowers.

Herbs.

Flowers perfect.

Ovary several-celled.

Families in Order Chenopodiales.
Ovary 1-2-celled.

Stamens not tetradynamous, 4-8 : ovary
1-celled. Order Chenopodiales.

Stamens tetradynamous : ovary 2-oelled.

Brassicaceae in Order Papaverales.
Flowers monoecious or dioecious.

Euphorbiaceae in Order Euphorbiales.

KEY TO THE ORDERS ix

Trees or shrubs.

Gynoecium u-carpellary, the carpels nearly distinct.

lUiettneriaceae in Order M.vlv.\les.
Gynoecium 2-4-carpellary, the carpels united.
Ovary 4-celled : fleshy maritime shrubs.

Batidaceae in Ordor Chesopodi.^i.e.s.
Ovary 2-ceIled : plants not fleshy.

Oleaceae in Order Oleales.
Stamens perigynous or epigynous, Inserted on the margin
of a hypanthium or a disk.
Fruit a samara. Families in Order Sapindales.

Fruit not a samara.

Fruit drupe-like or berry-like : shrubs or trees.

Order Rhamnales.
Fruit a capsule : herbs. Order Aristolochiales.

b. Ovary inferior.

Flowers not In Involucrate heads.

Fruit S-winged, splitting Into 3 nutlets.

Gounnia In Order Rhamnales.
Fruit neither 3-wlnged nor splitting into carpels.
Fruit a berry or a drupe, or nut-like.

("alyx deciduous as a lid : stamens numerous.

Calyptranthes in Order Myrtales.
Calyx of valvate or imbricated sepals : stamens few.
"stamens as many as the perianth-members and
alternate with them, or fewer.

Tetragoniaceae in Order Chenopodiales.
Stamens as many as the perianth-members and op-
posite them, or twice as many.
Styles present.

Ovules mostly on basal placentae, sometimes

pendulous : cotyledons not convolute : tree-

or root-parasites. Order Santalales.

Ovules not on basal placentae : cotyledons

convolute : not parasitic plants.

Families In Order Myrtales.
Styles wanting : stigmas sessile.

Gunneraceae In Order Myrtales.
Fruit a capsule. Order Myrtales.

Flowers, at least the stamlnate. In Involucrate heads.

Ambrosiaceae in Order Carduales.
B. Corolla present.

♦Petals distinct, at least at the base.

Carpels solitary, or several and distinct, or united only at the base.
Stamens at the base of the receptacle, /. e., hypogynous.

Plants with relatively firm stems and leaves, not succulent.

Order Ranales.
Plants with succulent stems and leaves. Sedaceae In Order Rosales.
Stamens on the margin of a hypanthium.

Plants without secreting glands in the hark. Order Rosales.

Plants with secreting glands In the bark.

Surlanaceae in Order Geraniales.
Carpels several and united.
tOvary superior.

IStamens inserted at the base of the ovary or receptacle.
§ Stamens numerous.
Sepals Imbricated.

Calyx deciduous. Order Papaverales.

Calyx persistent.

Styles or stigmas distinct or united, but not discoid.
Leaves glandular or pellucid-punctate.

Rutaceae In Order Geraniales.
Leaves not glandular.

Capparidaceae in Order Papaverales.
Styles or stigmas united into a disk.

Nymphaeaceae In Order Ranales.
Sepals valvate.

Stamens with distinct filaments.

Ovary 1-celled : placentae parietal.

Capparidaceae In Order Papaverales.
Ovary 2-several-celled : placentae axile or central.

Families In Order Malvales.
Stamens with united filaments. Order Malvales.

§§Stamens few, not over twice as many as the petals.

KEY TO THE ORDERS

Stamens as many as the petals and opposite them.
Flowers monoecious.

Euphorbiaceae in Order Euphorbiales.
Flowers perfect.

Ovules, or seeds, several or many : embryo coiled.

Portulacaceae in Order Chenopodiales.
Ovules, or seeds, solitary : embryo straight.

Plumbaginaceae in Order Primulales.
Stamens as many as the petals and alternate with them, or
more, sometimes twice as many.
Stamens 6 : petals 4 : sepals 2 or 4.

Families in Order Papaverales.
Stamens, petals and sepals of the same number, or stamens
more, usually twice as many as the sepals or petals.
Ovary 1-celIed.

Ovules, or seeds, on basal or central placentae.

Families in Order Chenopodiales.
Ovules, or seeds, on parietal placentae.
Stigmas 2-cleft or brush-like

Anther with an inconspicuous connective.
Stigmas not brush-like.

Droseraceae in Order Sarracexiales.
Stigmas brush-like.

Turneraceae in Order Hypericales.
Anther witli the conspicuous connective pro-
duced beyond the sacs.

Papayaceae in Order Passiflorales.
Stigmas entire.

Stamens with united filaments and no
staminodia. Families in Order Malvales.
Stamens with distinct filaments.

Families in Order Htpericales.
Ovary several-celled.

Stamens adnate to the gynoecium.

Asclepiadaceae in Order Asclepiadales.
Stamens not adnate to the gynoecium.

Stamens with wholly or partly united filaments.
Anthers opening lengthwise.

Families in Order Geraniales.
Anthers opening by pores.

Polygalaceae in Order Poiagalai.es.
Stamens with distinct filaments.
Anthers opening by pores.

Families in Order Ericales.
Anthers opening by slits.

Stigmas or styles distinct and cleft, or
foliaceous, or united by pairs.

Order Eupiiorbiales.
Stigmas or styles all distinct or all united,
neither cleft nor foliaceous.
Stamens 2. Oleaceae in Order Oleales.
Stamens more than 2.

Leaves with compound blades.

Families in Order Geraniai.es,
Leaves with simple blades.

Ovule solitary in each carpel.

Families in Order Geramai.bs.
Ovules 2 or more in each carpel.
Placentae parietal,
ristaceae

in Order Htpericales.
Placentae axile or central.
Tlllaceae

in Order Malvales.
JJStamens Inserted on the margin of a disk or hypanthium (perigynous
or hypogynous).
Stamens as many as the petals and ojjposUe them.
Ovules and seeds numerous.

Moringaceae in Order Papaverales.

Ovules and seeds solitary or 2. Order Riiamnales.

.Stamens as many as the petals and alternate with (hem, or more

or many.

Styles distinct. Order Sapindales.

Styles united.

IIyi)anthinm flat or obsolete : disk fleshy.

KEY TO THE ORDEES xi

Plants with secreting glands in the barls.

Families In Order Geramiales.
Ilypantliium ciip-sliaped or campanulate : disic obsolete or
'inconspicuous. Order Myrtales.

ttOvary inferior.

Stamens numerous.

Stvles and stigmas united into a dislt : water-plants witii endog-
enous stems. Nymphaeaceae in Order Ranales.
Styles distinct, or united, but not forming a disk with radiating
stigmas : land-plants with exogenous stems.
Styles distinct. Families in Order Rosales.
Styles united.

Shrubs or trees ; not succulents, sometimes woody vines.

Families In Order Myrtales,
Herbs, or shrub-lilie or tree-like succulents.

Order Opuntiales.
Stamens not more than twice as many as the petals.
Styles wanting : stigmas sessile.

Gunneraceae in Order Myrtales.
Styles present.
Styles distinct.

Ovules several in each cavity of the ovary : fruit a capsule
or a fleshy many-seeded berry.
Fruit, if dehiscent, valvate. Families in Order Rosales.
Fruit circumscissiie.

Portulacaceae in Order Chenopodiales.
Ovules solitary in each cavity of the ovary : fruit a drupe
or 2-5 more or less united achenes. Order Ajimiales.

Styles united, or single.
" Plants without tendrils.

Anther-sacs opening by pores.

Vacciniaceae in Order Ericales.
Anther-sacs opening by slits.

Ovules solitary in each cavity of the ovary.

Order A.mmiales.
Ovules several in each cavity.
Ovary with parietal placentae.

Loasaceae in Order Opu.ntiales.
Ovary with central or basal placentae.

Families in Order Myrtales.
Plants with tendrils.

Herbs : fruit a pepo : leaf-blades palmately veined.

Cucurbitaceae In Order Campanulales.
Shrubby vines : fruit drup.-iceous, separating into nut-
lets : leaf-blades pinnately veined.

Frangulaceae in Order Rhamnales.
♦♦Petals more or less united.
Ovary superior.

Stamens free from the corolla.

Gynoecium of a single carpel. Families in Order Rosales.

Gynoecium of several united carpels.
Filaments united.

Calyx and corolla very irregular. Order Polygalales.

Calyx and corolla regular. Families in Order Ericales.

Filaments distinct.

Styles wanting or very short : stigma sessile.

Aquifoliaceae in Order Sapixdales.
Stvles elongated.

' Ovary several-celled. Families in Order Ericales.

Ovary 1-celled. Armeriaceae in Order Primulales.

Stamens partially "adnate to the corolla.

Stamens as many as the lobes of the corolla and opposite them, or
twice as many or more.
Ovary 1-celled. Order Primulales.

Ovary several-celled.

Upper portion of the ovaries distinct.

Sedaceae in Order Rosales.
Upper portion of the ovaries united. Order Ebexales.

Stamens as many as the lobes of the corolla and alternate with them,
or fewer.
Corolla not scarious, veiny : fruit various, but not a pyxis.
Gynoecium of S-6 carpels.

Shrubs or trees : ovules and seeds few.

Aquifoliaceae in Order Sapixdales.

Herbs or creeping or tufted shrubby plants : ovules and seeds

numerous. Families in Order Pole .moxi ales.

XU KEY TO THE OEDEES

Gynoecium of 2 carpels.

Carpels distinct, except sometimes at the apex.

Order Asclepiadalbs.
Carpels united.

Ovary 1-celIed, with central placentae.

Order Gentianales.
Ovary 2-celled, or falsely 4-celled, or if 1-celled with
parietal placentae.
Stamens 2 and opposite each other, or .'?.

Order Olealbs.
Stamens usually 4 or 5, if 2 by reduction not op-
posite each other.
Leaves with stipules or stipular lines at their
bases. Spigeliaceae in Order Gentianales.

Leaves with no traces of stipules.

Order Polemoniales.
Corolla scarious. veinless : fruit a pyxis. Order Plantaginales.
Ovary inferior.

Stamens with the filaments free from the corolla.

Stamens 10 : anther-sacs opening by terminal pores or chinks.

Vacciniaceae in Order Ericales.
Stamens 5 or fewer : anther-sacs opening by longitudinal slits.

Order Campanulales.
Stamens adnate to the corolla.

Ovary with 2-many fertile cavities and 2-many ovules : calyx un-
modified, at least not a pappus.
Plants tendril-bearing. Cucurbitaceae in Order Campanulales.

Plants not tendril-bearing.

Ovules mostly on basal placentae : plants parasitic.

Order Santalales.
Ovules variously borne, but not on a basal placenta : plants not
parasitic. Order Rubialbs.

Ovary with one fertile cavity.

Ovules numerous on a basal placenta.

Primulaceae in Order Primulales.
Ovule solitary, the placentae not basal. Order Cardualbs.

FLORA OF MIAMI.

Subkingdom SPERMATOPHYTA. Seed Plants.
Plants producing Howers and seeds. A seed contains an embryo
consisting of a short stem (radicle or eaulicle), one, two or several
rudimentary leaves (cotyledons) and a terminal bud (plumule).

Ovules, and seeds, borne on the face of a scale : stigma none.

Class I. (Jymnospermae.
Ovules, and seeds, borne in a closed cavity : stigma present, ("lass II. A.\<;io.spermae.

Class I. GYMNOSPERMAE. Cone Plants.

Carpel or pistil represented by a scale upon the face of which
the ovules are borne, and on which the naked seeds mature.

Plants growing bv a terminal bud only : leaves circinate ; blades pinnate.

Order 1. Cycadales.
Plants growing by a terminal and lateral buds : leaves not

circinate ; blades not pinnate. Order 2. Pinales.

Order CYCADALES.

Palm-like or fern-like plants. Leaves in a crown : blades pinnate.
Flowers in cones of approximate scales or on slightly modified leaves.
Staminate cones with scales bearing several pollen-sacs. Ovnlate cones
with two or more ovules on each scale. Seed drupe-like or nut-like.

Family 1. CYCADACEAE. Sago-palm Family.

Dioecious plants with subterranean or erect stems. Leaves spreading:
leaflets with 1 or several ribs or veins. Staminate cones deciduous. Ovu-
late leaves or cones persistent. Seeds exposed on the margins of the ovulate
leaf or enclosed in a cone.

1. ZAMIA L. Plants with subterranean or erect stems. Leaflets separated,
manifestly jointed to the rachis, several-many-veined. Scales of the ovulate
aments flat, depressed or swollen at the apex. Ovules and seeds sessile, in-
cluded.

1. Z. floridana DC. Leaves 4-9.5 dm. long: leaflets 28-40, the blades linear.
9-14 cm. long, .3-7 mm. wide: mature ovulate cones oblong, densely pubescent
with dark brown persistent hairs; the seed-bearing scales thick. — Pinelands. —
F. K. — COOXTIE. COMFORT-ROOT. COMPTIE. FlORIDA-ARROWROOT.

Order PINALES.

Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, sometimes clustered or in sheathed
bundles : blades scale-like, narrow, or needle-like, or rarely dilated. Flowers
mainly monoecious, in cones of spirally imbricate scales, or in Taxaceae the

Flora of Miami 1

^ JUNIPEEACEAE.

ovulate flowers often solitary. Seeds borne in cones of dry or fleshy scales,
or wholly or partially naked.

Carpellary scales with bracts, never peltate : ovules inverted : buds scaly : wing accom-
panying the seed a portion of the carpellary scale. Fam. 1. Pixaceae.

Carpellary scales without bracts, mostly peltate or fleshy :
ovules erect : buds naked : wing of the seed, when
present, a portion of the testa. Fam. 2. Tumpeuaceae.

Fajiily 1. PINACEAE. Pine Family.

Mostly evergreen resiniferous shrubs or trees, typically conic, with
flaky or brittle bark. Leaves narrow and solitaiy, or usually several
together, each group Avith a sheath at the base. Ovulate aments with
bracted scales. Mature ovulate cone of dry scales. Seed often samara-like.

1. PINUS [Touru.] L. Leaves needle-like, in 2 's or 3 's, sheathed at the
base, each with 2 fibro-vascular bundles. Cones spreading: scales at length
woody and spreading or reflexed, each with a dorsal, usually spine-armed
appendage. Seeds samaradike. — Pine.

Bracts of the ovulate aments not awn-tipped : staminate aments over 3 cm. long :
resin-ducts of the leaf against the bundles. 1. P. curihaca.

Bracts of the ovulate aments awn-tlpped : staminate aments less

than 1.5 cm. long : resin-ducts of the leaf away from the bundles. 2. P. clausa.

1. P. caribaea Morelet. Tree with coarse, flaky bark, branched near the top:
leaves in 2 's or 3 's, 18-30 cm. long, or sometimes shorter, bright-green: cones
broadly conic when closed, ovoid or oblong-ovoid when open, 8—14 cm. long or
rarely shorter, the scales with rather weak spines: seed-wing 2.5-3 cm. long or
rarely smaller. — Throughout, except in the Everglades and hammocks, or
occasionally scattered in hammocks and even on rock outcrops in the Everglades.
— F. K. {Bah., Cuba). — Cakibbean-pine. Slash-pine. Swamp-pine.

2. P. clausa (Engelm.) Vasey. Tree with relatively or quite smooth bark,
branched near the base: leaves in 2's, 4-8 cm. long, deep-green: cones narrowly
conic when closed, ovoid when open. 4.5-6 cm. long, the scales with minute
brittle spines: seed-wing about 1.5 cm. long. — Inland sand-dunes or scrub. —
Sand-pine. Spruce-pine.

Family 2. JTJNIPERACEAE. Juniper Family.

Mostly evergreen, often resiniferous shrubs or trees, with fibrous,
shreddy bark. Leaves mainly appressed scales, sometimes subulate or
linear and spreading. Ovulate aments with bractless scales. Mature
ovulate cone of dry, often peltate scales, or baccate or drupaceous. Seeds
wingless or winged.

Cones dry : scales woody, imbricate : seeds sharp-angled. 1. Taxodium.

Cones berry-like ; scales fleshy : seeds not sharp-angled. 2. Sabina.

1. TAXODIUM L. C. Eich. Roots producing erect conic "knees. " Leaves
often 2-ranked, deciduous: blades narrow. Staminate aments in panicles or
racemes. Ovulate aments with peltate scales. Cones spreading, the woody
scales stalked. — Cypress.

1. T. distichum (L.) L. C. Rich. Tree with a conic trunk-baf-e, the bark nar-
rowly ridged: leaves 1-1.5 cm. long, often curved: staminate aments in droop-
ing clusters: cones globular, about 2.5 cm. in diameter. — Hammocks and Ever-
glades.— Bald-cypkess.

2. SASINA Haller. Roots not producing "knees." Leaves scale-like and
imbricate, except sometimes on twigs, each with a gland on the back. Stami-

TYPHACEAE. 3

nate aments solitary and terminal on branchlets. Ovulate aments with broad
scales. Cones erect, the fleshy scales not stalked. — Cedar.

1. S. barbadensis (L.) Small. Tree with a tapering trunk and shreddy bark:
scaledike leaves 4-ranked, 1-4 mm. long, rather blunt, closely appressed : stami-
nate aments erect: cones ovoid or oval-ovoid, 3-4 mm. long. — Hammocks. —
{Cuba, Ant.) — Barbados-ced.\k.

Class II. ANGIOSPERMAE.

Carpel or pistil formed by the uniting of the margins of one,
or of several rudimentary leaves ; within the cavity thus formed the
ovules are borne and the seeds are matured.

Cotyledon 1 : leaf-blades with the primnrv or lateral veins parallel : stem endogenous.

1. MONOCOTYLEDONES.

Cotyledons typically 2 : leaf-blades with the veins netted :

stem exogenous. 2. Dicotyledones.

Subclass 1. MONOCOTYLEDONES.

Stem consisting of a ground mass of soft tissue in which
bundles of wood-cells are irregularly placed. Early leaves alternate.

Order PANDANALES.

Perennial, aquatic or marsh herbs, with elongate rootstocks. Leaves,
with narrow blades. Flowers in nan'ow racemes or globular spikes.
Perianth of scales or bristles. Androecium of 2-7 stamens. Gynoeeium
1- or 2-carpellary. Fruit nut-like.

Family 1. TYPHACEAE. Cat-tail Family.

Racemes solitai-y and terminal, subtended by deciduous bracts, the
staminate portion uppermost. Perianth of bristles. Pistil stipitate:
stigma spatulate, oblong or i-homboidal.

1. TYPHA [Tourn.] L. Erect herbs with sheathed stems. Leaves with
erect linear blades. Eacemes cylindric, the pistillate portion brown.

1. T. angustifolia L. Plants 1..5-3 m. tall: leaf -blades mostly 15-20 mm. wide:
pistillate portion of the raceme 10-20 mm. thick.— Everglades and banks of
streams. — F. K. (Ber., Bah., Cuba, Ant.). — Cat-tail.

Order NAIADALES.

Perennial, aquatic or marsh herbs. Leaves various, sometimes mere

phyllodia. Flowers usually symmetrical. Perianth wanting or imperfect.

Androecium usually of 1— i stamens. Gynoeeium simple or several-

carpellary.

Gynoeeium of distinct carpels : stigmas disk-like or cup-like.

Fam. 1. Zaxnichelliaceae.
Gynoeeium of united carpels : stigmas 2-4. slender.
Staminate flowers consisting of 2 anthers termi-
nating an elongate jjedicel : perianth wanting:
stigmas filiform : acaulescent plants with en-
tire leaf-blades. Fam. 2. Cymodoceaceab.
Staminate flowers sessile or nearly so, consisting
of an anther surrounded by a perianth : stigmas
subulate : caulescent plants with spiny-toothed
leaf-blades. Fam. 3 Naiadaceae.

4 CYMODOCEACEAE.

Family 1. ZANNICHELLIACEAE. Pondweed Family.

Aquatic caulescent herbs. Leaves alternate, filiform or with broad
blades, entire. Flowers j^erfect or monoecious, in spikes or clusters, from
a spathe. Andoecium of 1, or mostly 2-1 distinct stamens. Gynoecium
of several distinct carpels. Fruit a cluster or spike of drupelets.

Stamens 2 or sometimes solitary, the connectives without appendages : drupelets
manifestly stipitate.
Stigma terminating a long style : anther 1. 1. Zaxnichellia.

Stigma sessile : anthers '2. 2. Ruppia.

Stamens 4, the connectives with dilated appendages : drupelets

sessile. 3. I'otamogeton.

1. ZANNICHELLIA L. Delicate herbs of fresh or brackish water.
Leaves with narrow blades and inconspicuous bases. Flowers monoecious:
stamiuate with 1 stamen; pistillate with 2-6 carpels together. Drupelets
clustered, curved, crested.

1. Z. palustris L. Leaves 2-7 cm. long, acute : drupelets 2-4, or sometimes 6,
together, the body 2-4 mm. long, short-stipitate. — Everglades and creeks.

2. RUPPIA L. Delicate herbs of salt or brackish water. Leaves with
slender blades and conspicuous bases. Flowers perfect. Stamens 2. Carpels 4.
Drupelets clustered, oblique, crestless.

1. R. maritima L. Leaves 2. .5-4 cm. long, capillary at the apex: drupelets
few, the body ovoid, gibbous at the base, loug-stipitate. — Creeks.— F. K. {Ber.,
Bah., Cuba. Ant.). — Ditch-grass.

3. POTAMOGETON L. Herbs growing mostly in fresh water. Leaves
various, the submerged and floating ones different. Flowers perfect, spicate.
Stamens 4, with appendaged anthers. Carpels 4. Drupelets 4 together, spicate,
sessile. — Pondweed.

Leaves with dilated blades ; stipules free from the leaf-base. 1. P. lucens.

Leaves setaceous or filiform ; stipules adnate to the leaf-base. 2. P. pectinatus.

1. P. lucens L. Plants submerged: leaf -blades elliptic or lanceolate, or oval
above, 5-20 cm. long, acute or acuminate, often serrulate at the apex, nearly
sessile: drupelets about 3 mm. long, slightly keeled. — Everglades. — {Cuba.)

2. P. pectinatus L. Plants submerged: leaves setaceous or filiform, 2-15 cm.
long, sessile: drupelets 3.5-4.5 mm. long, crestless. — Streams. — (Cuba.)

Family 2. CYMODOCEACEAE. Cymodocea Family.

Submerged herbs with jointed rootstocks. Leaves clustered at the
nodes or on short branches, each with a sheath and a naiTow blade.
Flowers monoecious or dioecious. I'erianth wanting. Androecium of a
sinji'le anther terminating a long ])edicel. Gynoecium of 2 distinct inequi-
lateral cari)els, each terminating in a style and 2 elongate stigmas. Fruit
a pair of obliquely ovoid achenes.

1. CYMODOCEA Koenig. Rootstocks elongate. Flowers hidden in the
leaf-shcaths.

1. C. manatorum Aschers. I'lants growing on sandy bottoms, the short stems
arising at the nodes: leaf -blades narrowly linear, 5-25 cm. long: fruits 6-7 mm.
long, short-stipitate, prominently beaked. — Bay Biscayne. — F. K. {Bcr., Bah.,
Cuba, Ant.).

ALISMACEAE. 5

Family 3. NAIAD ACEAE. Naias Family.

Mostly fresh-water herbs. Leaves mainly opposite : blades mostly
toothed, the bases dilated. Flowers dioecious or monoecious, axillary:
staminate a single stamen and a double jierianth : i)istillate an ovai-y with
a style and 2-4 stig-mas. Fruit drui)aceous or a nutlet.

1. NAIAS L. Plants submerged, usually iu dense tufts. Leaves narrow,
but short, often toothed on the midrib as well as on the margins.

1. N. flexilis (Willd.) Rost. & Schmidt. Stems slender: leaves many, rather
close together; blades 11-28 mm. long, mostly acuminate, with 50-60 marginal
teeth: drupelets 3-4 mm. long, the pericarp shining, with 30-50 rows of delicate
reticulations. — Everglades and streams.

Order ALISMALES.

Marsh or aquatic herbs. Leaves alternate, mere phyllodia, or with
dilated blades. Flowers regular. Perianth of sepals and usually also of
petals. Androecium of 3-6 stamens or more. Gynoecium of 3-many
carpels.

Sepals and petals nearly similar, or the petals wanting : carpels coherent during
anthesis, at maturity forming a capsular or follic-
ular fruit. Fam. 1. Scheuchzeriaceae.

Sepals and petals very dissimilar : carpels distinct, at

maturity forming a head or whorl of achenes. Fam. 2. Alismaceae.

Family 1. SCHEUCHZERIACEAE. Arrow-grass Family.

Perennial lierlis. Leaves narrow or slender above the dilated bases.
Flowers perfect in spikes or racemes. Perianth herbaceous. Gynoecium
3-6-carpellai-y. Style wanting or obsolete. Fruit of 3-6 turgid carpels.

1. TRIGLOCHIN L. Acaulescent herbs, the perianth inconspicuous.

1. T. striata E. & P. A glabrous plant of salt marshes. Leaves 2-3 dm. long,
attenuate: racemes 2-15 cm. long: sepals ovate or oval, less than 1 mm. long,
greenish or light yellow: fruit 1.5-2 mm. in diameter, each carpel 3-ribbed. —
Hanmiocks and shores of Bay Biscayne. — Arrow-grass.

Family 2. ALISMACEAE. Water-plantain Family.

Annual or perennial herbs. Leaves basal, the blades flat, often with
basal lobes, or mere phyllodia. Flowers perfect, monoecious or dioecious,
whorled. Sepals herbaceous. Petals tender, white or pink. Gynoecium
of few to many carpels. Style manifest. Fruit a head of flattened achenes.

1. SAGITTARIA L. Leaves often with basal lobes, sometimes lobeless
or mere phyllodia. Flowers monoecious or dioecious, the upper ones usually
staminate. Stamens mainly numerous. Achenes numerous, in dense heads. —
Arrow-head.

Plants floating : pedicels of the pistillate flowers thickened and reflexed at maturity :

achene-heak erect. 1. S. loiata.

Plants erect : pedicels of the pistillate flowers slender, ascending :
achene-beak horizontal or ascending.
Achenes obovate : filaments about as long as the anthers : bracts

acute or acuminate, glabrous. 2. S. lancifoUa.

Achenes cuneate : filaments longer than the anthers : bracts ob-
tuse, papillose. .3. S. falcata.

6 HYDEOCHAEITACEAE.

1. S. lorata (Chapm.) Small. Leaf-blades floating, elliptic, oblong, or ovate-
oblong, 1.5-5 cm. long, or wanting, the phyllodia stout: scapes 1-10 dm. long
or more, with 1 or several flower-whorls: achenes numerous, about 2 mm. long.
— Streams.

2. S. lancifolia L. Leaf-blades elliptic or nearly so to narrowly elliptic-lanceo-
late, 30-60 cm. long, mainly 5-9-nerved: pedicels of pistillate flowers relatively
long, their bracts of a lanceolate type: achenes 2.5-3 mm. long. — Everglades. —
F. K. {Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

3. S. falcata Pursh. Leaf-blades narrowly elliptic, sometimes slightly broadest
above the middle, or nearly linear, 10-35 cm. long, mainly 3-5-nerved: pedicels
of the pistillate flowers relatively short, their bracts of an ovate type: achenes
about 2 mm. long. — Everglades.

Order HYDROCHARITALES.

Perennial aquatic herbs with rootstocks. Leaves usually with blades.

Flowers monoecious or dioecious, or rarely perfect, from spathes. Perianth

double, or corolla wanting. Androecium of 1-12 stamens. Gynoeeium

3-15-carpellar>'. Ovary inferior. Fruit capsular or baccate.

Gynoeeium S-carpellary, or r.irely 2-, 4- or 5-carpellary : ovary 1-celled : stigmas 3.

Fam. 1. Elodeaceae.
Gynoeeium 6-12-earpellary : ovary 6-12-celled : stig-
mas 6-12. Fam. 2. IIydrocharitaceae.

Family 1. ELODEACEAE. Tape-grass Family.

Plants with leafy stems, or leaves basal, often greatly elongate.
Gynoeeium 2-5-carpellary, the ovaiy 1-celled.

Leaves with petioled dilated blades : stigmas filiform : pollen filiform : marine plants.

1. Halophila.
Leaves greatly elongate phyllodes, without petioles : stigmas

short and broad : pollen spheroid : fresh-water plants. 2. Vallisnekia.

1. HALOPHILA Thouars. Marine herbs. Leaves opposite or whorled.
Flowers dioecious, the staminate pedicelled, the pistillate sessile in the spathes.
Fruit included in the spathe.

1. H. Engelmannii Aschers. Leaf-blades linear, oblong, or oblanceolate, 1-3
cm. long, sharply serrulate, 3-nerved, sessile: bracts lanceolate: hypanthium
flask-shaped, 8-9 mm. long; body ovoid; neck longer than the body: sepals
minute. — Bay Biscayne. — F. K. (Bali.).

2. VALLISNEKIA [Mich.] L. Fresh-water herbs. Leaves basal, with
elongate, ribbon-like blades. Flowers dioecious, the staminate numierous,
crowded on a spadix, the pistillate few, each solitary at the end of an elongate
spiral scape. Fruit subtended by the spathe.

1. V. americana Michx. Leaf-blades narrowly linear, 3-8 dm. long, 2 cm.
wide or less, often denticulate, obtuse: peduncles of the pistillate flowers 5-10
dm. long or more: spathe 2-2.5 cm. long: mature hypanthium about 1 dm.
long: sepals oval, 5-6 mm. long: petals about 2 mm. long: stigma-lobes
abruptly short-acuminate. — Everglades and streams. — Tape-orass. Eel-grass.

Family 2. HYDROCHARITACEAE. Frog's-bit Family.

Plants with leaves in cluslcrs on the rootstocks. Gynoeeium 6-12-
earpellai-y, the ovary (j-12-eelled.

POACEAE. 7

1. THAIjASSIA Banks. INfaiine herbs. Leaves mere strap-like blades.
Flowers dioecious, on scapes arising from the leaf -clusters; the staminate dis-
tinctly pedicelled, with 3 petaloid sepals, and 9 stamens with very short fila-
ments and long anthers; the pistillate flowers nearly sessile. Fruit rugose,
echiuate or mammillate, valvate.

1. T. testudiniun Koenig & Sims. Leaves 2-5 together; blades linear, 5-30
cm. long, about 1 em. wide or less, the bases persistent on the short stems:
sepals oblong, 1(1-12 mm. long: anthers 8 mm. long: fruits erect, densely mam-
millate.— Bay Biscayne. — F. K. (Ber., Bah., Cuba, Ant.). — Turtle-grass.

Order POALES.

Mostly perennial caulescent or acaulescent plants, known as grasses
and sedges. Stems sometimes conspicuously jointed. Leaves alternate,
mostly sheathing at the base: blades usually narrow and elongate, entire or
nearly so. Flowers vai'iously disposed in a simple or compound inflores-
cence, perfect or rarely monoecious or dioecious, incomplete, inconspicu-
ous, borne in the axils of chaffy bracts or scales (glumes). Fruit a caiy-
opsis (grain) or an aehene, or rarely a nut, or baccate.

Leaves 2-ranke(i, their sheaths with ununited margins : stems mostly hollow : fruit

a grain (caryopsis). Fam. 1. Poaceae.

Leaves 3-ranked, their sheaths with united margins : stem

solid : fruit an aehene. Pam. 2. Cypekaceab.

Family 1. POACEAE. Grass Family.

Annual or perennial herbs, or rarely shrub-like or tree-like plants.
Stems (culms) usually hollow, the nodes closed. Leaves with a scarious
ring (ligule) at the sheath-orifice. Inflorescence of spikes, racemes, or
panicles. Spikelets of 2-many 2-ranked imbricate bracts (scales), the
upper ones bearing a flower surrounded by a bract-like organ (palet)
which is placed with its back to the axis (rachilla), which is often thickened
and appears as a hard projection (callus) at the base of the scale.
Flowers perfect, staminate, or pistillate. Stamens 1-6, rarely more,
usually 3. Fruit sometimes nut-like.

A. Spikelets falling from the pedicel entire (see also no. 27 of section B). naked,

or enclosed in bristles or sometimes in a bur-like iuvolucre. or immersed
in the internodes of a readily disarticulating rachis, 1-ilowered. or if 2-flowered
the lower flower staminate ; no upper empty scales : rachilla not extending
beyond the uppermost scale.

Flowering scale and palet hyaline, thin, much more delicate in structure than
the thick-membranous to coriaceous empty scales.
Spikelets unisexual, the pistillate borne in the lower, the staminate in the

upper, part of the same spike. Tiuke I. MAYDE.\E.

Spikelets in pairs, one sessile, the other
pedicellate, the former perfect, the
latter sometimes perfect, more com-
monly with a staminate flower, often
empt.v or reduced to one or two scales,
or occasionally wanting: both spike-
lets pedicellate in no 2. Tribe II. ANDROrOGONEAE.
Flowering scale, at least that of the perfect
flower, similar in texture to the empty
scales, or frequentl.v thicker and firmer,
never hyaline and thin. Tiuhk III. TANICEAE.

B. Spikelets with the empty scUes persistent, the rachilla hence articulated above

them (below them in no. 27 and the spikelet falling from the pedicel entire),
1-many-flowered ; frefjuently the upper scales are empty : rachilla often pro-
duced beyond the uppermost scale.
Spikelets borne in open or spike-like panicles or racemes, usually upon distinct and
often long pedicels.

POACEAE.

Spikelets 1-flowered.
Spikelets 2-many-llo\vere(J.
Spikelets in two rows.

Tribe IV.

Tribe VI.

Tribe V.

thickened ring-like

Tribe I. MAYDEAE.

Fertile spikelets imbedded in the internodes of the thick
rachis.

Tribe II. ANDROPOGONEAE.

Internodes of the rachis not thickened nor excavated for
the reception of the spikelets.
Spikelets alike, perfect. .

Axis of the racemes continuous, not articulated.
Axis of the racemes articulated.
Spikelets not alike. . ^

Sessile spikelets alike throughout the inflorescence.
Racemes singly disposed : apex of the rachis-inter-
nodes a translucent cup-shaped, entire or irreg-
ularly toothed, appendage.
Racemes disposed in pairs or more : apex of the
rachis-internodes not appendaged.
Some or all of the racemes sessile.
All of the racemes more or less pedunculate.
Lower spikelets differing from the others.
Internodes of the rachis much thickened, and excavated
to receive the spikelets.
First scale of the spikelet flat or convex.
First scale of the spikelet globose.

Tribe III. PAXICEAE.

Spikelets not sunken in the rachis.
Spikelets naked, not involucrate.
Empty scales 2.

Lower empty scale with

callus.
Lower empty scale unappendaged.

Spikelets ovate to orbicular, usually obtuse,

rarely acute.
Spikelets lanceolate, acute or acuminate.
Empty scales 3. .

Empty scales awned or awn-pointed.

Stems erect: leaf-blades long and narrow:

racemes usually of many spikelets.
Stems creeping : leaf-blades short and broad :
racemes or clusters usually of few spikelets.
Empty scales not awned.

Second scale not saccate at the base.

Stems and branches not woody nor bamboo-
like.
Fruiting scale rigid, the margins
inrolled.
Palet of the third scale not enlarged.
Palet of the third scale enlarged,
forcing the spikelet open.
Fruiting scale not rigid, the hyaline
margins not inrolled.
Spikelets long-silky: fruiting-scale

lanceolate-acuminate.
Spikelets glabrous or short-pubes-
cent : fruiting scale elliptic.
Stems and branches woody, bamboo-like,
outer scales papery, woolly-tipped.
Second scale saccate at the base.
Spikelets involucrate.

Involucre of numerous bristles.

Bristles persistent : spikelets deciduous.
Bristles deciduous with the spikelets.
Involucre of 2 spine-l)earing valves.
Spikelets sunken in one side of the flat rachis.

Tribe IV. AGROSTIDEAE.

r'lowering scale indurated when mature and very closely

embracing the grain, or at least hrmer than the
empty scales.
Flowering scale Pawned.

AGROSTIDEAE

FESTl'CEAE.

CHLORIDEAE.

t. Tripsacum.

2. Imperata.
:}. erianthus.

4. SCHIZACHTEIUM.

5. Andropogon.
(5. Cheysopogon.
7. Heteropogon.

8. Coelorachis.

9. Hackelochloa.

11. Eriochloa.

10. Paspalum.
12. Syntherisma.

13. Echixochloa.

14. Oplisjienus.

1,5. Panicum.
16. Steinchism.^.

11a. Valota.
12. Syntherisma.

17. Lasiacis.

18. Sacciolepis.

19. ClIAETOCHLOA.

20. Cenchropsis.

21. Cenciieds.

22. Ste.notaphelm.

POACEAE. y

Flowering scale l-awned. 23. Aristida.

Awn untwisted.
Awn twisted.
Flowering scale usually hj-aline or membranous at ma-
turity, at least more delicate than the empty ones : grain
loosely enclosed. 20. Sporobolus.

Tribe V. CIILORIDEAE.
Spikelets deciduous as a whole. 27. Sp.vrtixa.

Spikelets with at least the empty scales persistent.
Spikelets with one perfect flower.

No scales above the (lowering scale. 28. Capriola.

1-several scales above the flower.

Spikes in whorls or closely approximate. 29. Edstachys.

Spikes scattered.

Spikelets scattered or distant. 30. Gymnopogon.

Spikelets crowded. 31. Bouteloua.

Spikelets with 2 or 3 perfect flowers.

Spikes with terminal spikelets. 32. Eleusine.

Spikes with the rachis extending beyond the spikelets

in a manifest point. 33. Dactyloctenicm.

Tribe VI. FESTUCEAE.

Hairs on the rachilla or flowering scale very long, and en-
closing the latter: tall reed-like grasses. 34. Phragmites.
Hairs on the rachilla or flowering scales shorter than the
scale : lower grasses, not reed-like.
Flowering scales 1-3-nerved. 35. Er.\grostis.
Flowering scales 5-nerved.

Emptv basal scales 3-6. 36. Uxiola.

Empty basal scales 2. 37. Distichlis.

1. TKIPSACUM L. Erect monoecious plants with stout rootstoeks.
Spikes articulate, elongate. Staminate spikelets 2-flowered, in pairs. Pistillate
spikelets 1-flowered, in excavations in the raeliis, the scales thick and shining.
— Gama-grass or Sesame-grass.

Spikes in pairs, or more, terminal and axillary : leaf-blades mostly over 1..5 cm. wide,
auricled at the base. 1- T. duvtulutdes.

Spikes single, terminal : leaf-blades mostly less than 1 cm. wide,

not auricled at the base. 2. T. floridanum.

1. T. dactyloides L. Stems 1-2.5 m. tall: leaf -blades 6 dm. long or less:
spikes 1-3 dm. long, the 5 or * pistillate, the upper portion staminate. —
Hammocks. — {Bah., Ant.)

2. T. floridanum Porter. Similar to no. 1, but much more slender: stems 6-10
dm. tall: leaf -blades long and narrow: spikes rather slender, 1.5-2 dm. long. —
Pinelands and adjacent everglades. — F. K.

2. IMPEEATA Cyr. Erect plants with long terminal cylindric dens'e and
spike-like panicles. Spikelets 1-flowered, unequally pedicellate. Scales 4, thin,
hyaline, awnless, the outer 2 empty, pilose.

1. I. brasiliensis Trin. Stems tufted, 3-8 dm. tall, slender: leaf -blades 3 dm.
long or less, 3-8 mm. wide: panicle 6-15 cm. long, oblong: spikelets about 4
mm. long, the one about equalling, the other about twice as long as its pedicel.
— Everglades and pinelands. — {Bah., Cuba, Ant.) — Brazilian blady-grass.

3. EEIANTHUS :Michx. Tall plants with perfect flowers in open or con-
tracted terminal panicles. Spikelets usually with a basal ring of long hairs, or
rarely naked, in pairs. Scales 4, the outer 2 indurated, the fourth scale bearing
an awn which is straight, spiral or contorted.

1. E. saccharoides Michx. Stems 1.5-3.5 m. tall, the summit and nodes
together witli the panicle-axis and top of the otherwise glabrous sheaths
appressed-pubesccnt with long silky hairs: panicle 1.5-4 dm. long: spikelets
about 5 as long as the basal hairs and a little exceeding the internodes, the
awn 1.5-2.5 cm. long. — Hammocks and pinelands. — {Cuba). — Plume-grass or
Beard-grass.

10 POACEAE.

4. SCHIZACHYRIUM Nees. Erect plants, tufted or from rootstocks,

with spike-like racemes. Spikelets iu pairs at each node of the articulate and

frequently hairy rachis. Sessile spikelet of 4 scales, the fourth scale entire or

2-toothed, bearing a straight, contorted, or spiral awn. — Be.vrd-grass.

Internodes of the racemes glabrous or nearly so, the racemes hence appearing naked.

1. S. semiberbe.
Internodes of the racemes and pedicels long-ciliate. the racemes

hence appearing hairy. 2. S. gracile.

1. S. semiberbe Nees. Stems tufted, 6-12 dm. tall : racemes 5-8 cm. long, the
raehis-internodes with a dense ring of short hairs at the base, thick, channeled
on the inner surface: sessile spikelet with the first scale rounded on the back,
roughened, acuminate, the awn of the fourth scale 12-15 mm. long, geniculate,
tightly spiral at the base, the column exserted. — Everglades and pinelands. —
(Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

2. S. gracile (Spreng.) Xash. Stems densely tufted, slender, 3-6 dm. tall:
racemes 3-5 cm. long, silvery-white: sessile spikelet 5-6 mm. long, the awn
geniculate, 13-20 mm. long, tightly spiral to the bend, loosely so above, the
column much exserted. — Pinelands. — (Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

5. ANDROPOGON [Royen] L. Erect plants with spike-like racemes,
which often j)rotrude from the side of a membranous spathe-like sheath.
Sessile spikelet of 4 scales, bearing a straight contorted or spiral awn, or some-
times awnless. Pedicellate spikelet usually sterile, of 1 or 2 scales, some-
times of 4 scales and enclosing a staminate or more rarely a perfect flower, or
frequently entirely wanting. — Broom-grass. Beard-grass. Sand-grass.

Inforescence oblong to oval or obovate, the branches many times divided, the lower
ones elongated, forming 1 or more corymbiform masses ; upper stem-leaves usually
equalling or exceeding the inflorescence. 1. A. tenuispathcus.

Inflorescence long and narrow, commonly linear, the branches
not much divided nor the lower ones excessively elon-
gated, hence forming no corymbiform masses ; upper
stem-leaves usually sliorter than the inflorescence.
Sheaths and spathes not enlarged.

I'airs of racemes sessile or nearly so. the common

peduncle not exceeding .5 mm. in length. 2. A. loiu/ibcrbis.

Pairs of racemes never sessile, the common peduncle
over 5 mm. in length, usually exceeding 1 cm. or
sometimes much exserted.
Stem slender, sparingly branched : leaf-blades 3

mm. wide or less: awns 1..5-2 cm. long. .3. A. Tracyi.

Stem stout, much branched above : leaf-blades 4-7

mm. wide: awns C-10 mm. long. 4. A. Balieri.

Sheaths and spathes, at least on the upper part of the

stem, enlarged. 5. A. ElUoliii.

1. A. tenuispatheus Nash. Stems 5-15 dm. tall: spathes 2.5-3 cm. long,
fastigateh' crowded: racemes in pairs, 1-2 cm. long, protruding from the side
of the broad spathe: sessile spikelet 3-4 mm. long, the awn 10-15 mm. long. —
Everglades, pinelands and hammocks. — F. K. (Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

2. A. longiberbls Hack. Stems 5-10 dm. tall, tufted: leaf-sheaths appressed-
hirsute: blades 5 dm. long or less, 7 mm. wide or less, those on the innovations
densely appressed-hirsute, those on the stem more or less so beneath, rough
above: spathes 3-5 cm. long, usually considerably exceeding the racemes, com-
monly brown : racemes 3-4 cm. long, stout : sessile spikelet 4—4.5 mm. long,
the awn straight or nearly so, 12-16 mm. long — Pinelands. — F. K.

3. A. Tracyi Nash. Stems 5-8 dm. tall: spathes 4^5 cm. long, rather broad:
racemes 3—4 cm. long, rather stout : sessile spikelet 5 mm. long, the awn
1.5-2 cm. long. — Pinelands.

4. A. Bakeri Scribn. & Ball. Stems stout, 8-12 dm. tall, tufted: leaf-
blades up to 4 dm. long, 4-7 mm. wide, flat ; spathes 4-5 cm. long ; racemes 1.5-3

POACEAE. 11

cm. long, the raehis slender, densely clothed with silky hairs longer than them-
selves; sessile spil^elets linear-lanceolate, 5 mm. long, bearing a slender straight
awn l)-l() mm. long. — Pinelands.

5. A. Elliotti Chapm. Stems tufted, 5-8 dm. tall: racemes 3-4 em. long, the
longer one at each node exserted, the others concealed in the spathes: sessile
spikelet 4.5-5 mm. long, the awn geniculate, 1.5-2.5 cm. long, usually sinral at
the base, the column exserted. — Everglades.

6. CHRYSOPOGON Trin. Erect plants with terminal panicles, whose
branches usually bear clusters of 3 spikelets, or very rarely more, at the end,
one spikelet sessile and perfect, the other 2 staminate or sterile and pedicellate.
Sessile spikelet usually somewhat laterally compressed, of 4 scales, usually
awned. Pedicellate spikelet dorsally compressed, awuiless or awned.

1. C. pauciflorus (Chapm.) Benth. Annual: stems 6-12 dm. tall: panicle 2-3
dm. long: sessile spikelet about 15 mm. long, including the 6-7 mm. long and
densely pubescent callus, cylindric or slightly laterally compressed, emitting a
flexuous more or less contorted usually geniculate awn 14-16 cm. long. —
Pinelands. — {Cuba.)

7. HETEROPOGON Pers. Erect plants with terminal solitary dense
racemes. Spikelets 1-flowered, one sessile and fertile, the other pedicellate and
staminate or empty. Scales of the sessile spikelet 4, the fourth scale, enclosing
a pistillate flower, small and hyaline and bearing a long rigid contorted and
geniculate awn. Pedicellate spikelet awnless.

1. H. contortus (L.) Beauv. Perennial: stems 2-8 dm. tall, rather sparingly
branched above: racemes 4-6 cm. long: sessile spikelet 5-6 mm. long, the awn
4..5-8 cm. long: pedicellate spikelet about 1 cm. long, sterile or staminate, the
first scale acute. — Pinelands. — (Cuba.)

8. COELORACHIS Brongn. Erect or diffuse plants with articulate racemes.
Scales of the sessile spikelet 4, the outermost thick and coriaceous, sometimes
more or less rugose or pitted, concealing, together with the pedicel of the
other spikelet, the remaining scales and the excavation in the raehis.

1. C. rugosa (Nutt.) Nash. Stems 7-12 dm. tall, stout: racemes 5-8 cm.
long, the rachis-internodes usually contracted at the base: sessile spikelet 3.5-
4.5 mm. long. — Everglades.

9. HACKELOCHLOA Kuntze. Erect plants with branched stems.
Spikelets in excavations at the raehis joints, Scales of the sessile spikelet 4,
awnless, the outermost pitted, covering the excavation in the raehis.

1. H. granulans (L.) Kuntze. Stems 2-10 dm. tall, finally much-branched:
leaf -sheaths jiapillose-hirsute: racemes 1-2 cm. long: sessile spikelet about 1
mm. in diameter. — Pinelands and everglades. Nat. from the tropics. — (Cuba.)

10. PASPALUM L. Erect or diffuse plants with an inflorescence composed
of one or more unilateral racemes, arranged singly, in pairs, or in panicles.
Spikelets 1-flowered, obtuse, or rarely short-acuminate, nearly sessile or short-
pedicelled, singly or in pairs, on one side of a narrow and usually winged
raehis. Scales 3 or rarely 4.

Stem with 1-several r.aceme-bearing naked branches from the uppermost sheath.

Leaf-blades conspicuously ciliate. 1. P. ciUulifoVnim.

Leaf-blades not ciliate. 2. P. riyUlifoUiim.

Stem simple, without raceme-bearing branches from the upper
sheath.

12 POACEAE.

Stems tufted.

Spikelets 3 mm. long or less.

Spikelets obovate, 1.5 mm. long, pubescent with

spreading glandular-tipped hairs. 3. P. Siinpsonii.

Spikelets elliptic, 2 mm. long, sparsely pubescent

with long appressed hairs. 4. P. cacspitosiim.

Spikelets more than 3 mm. long. 5. P. yiijunieum.

Stems single, on a scaly rootstock. 6. P. numostachyum.

1. P. ciliatifolium Micbx. Stems tufted, 4-8 dm. tall: leaf-sheaths ciliate on
the overlapping margin; blades smooth and glabrous on both surfaces: racemes
single, or sometimes in 2 's, 5-11 cm. long: spikelets in pairs, 1.5-1.8 mm,
broad, oval to broadly obovate. — Hammocks. — F. K. (Ber.)

2. P. rigidifolium Nash. Stems tufted, 3-8 dm. tall: leaf-blades erect or
ascending, glabrous: racemes single, or rarely in 2 's, 6-13 cm. long: spikelets
in pairs, 2.3-2.5 mm. long, 1.7-2 mm. wide, the second scale glabrous. — Ever-
glades and hammocks. — (Ciiba.)

3. P. Siinpsonii Nash. Stems 4-S dm. tall: leaf -blades lanceolate, glabrous on
both surfaces, ciliate on the margins below the middle: racemes 3-5, spreading,
2-7 cm. long: spikelets about 0.8 mm. wide. — Everglades and pinelands. — F.
K. (Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

4. P. caespitosum Fluegge. Stems 3-6 dm. tall: leaf -blades narrowed at both
ends: racemes erect, 2-6, 1.5-6 cm. long, slender, the rachis flat, winged, about
0.5 mm. broad, about one-half as wide as the spikelets: spikelets about 1 mm.
broad. — Everglades and pinelands. — F. K. {Ber., Bah., Cuba. Ant.)

5. P. giganteum Baldw. Stems 1-1.5 m. tall: leaf-blades erect, the lower
ones 2-3 dm. long, 1.5-2 cm. wide: racemes 3-5, 1-1.5 dm. long: spikelets in
pairs, about 3.25 mm. long and 2.5 mm. wide. — Everglades.

6. P. monostachyum Vasey. Stems rigid, erect, 6-10 dm. tall : leaf -blades
elongate, stiff, involute, at least when dry, long-acuminate, glabrous: racemes
solitary, or rarely 2 together, 1-2 dm. long, erect: spikelets in pairs, 3 mm.
long and about 1.5 mm. wide, elliptic. [P. solitarium Nash.] — Everglades. —
F. K.

11. ERIOCHLOA H.B.K. Erect ]dants with an inflorescence of spike-like
one-sided racemes which are racemosely arranged. Spikelets imbricated,
arranged in 2 rows on a flat rachis, acute or acuminate. Scales 3, the 2 outer
membranous, appressed-pubeseent, empty, the third scale glabrous and shining,
shorter, at length indurated, awn-pointed or short-awned at the apex.

1. E. Michauxli (E. & S.) A. Hitchc. Stems single, 7-15 dm. tall: leaf-
sheaths glabrous or softly pubescent; blades 1-4.5 dm. long, 4-15 mm. wide:
inflorescence 1.5^ dm. long: racemes 8-20, 3-15 cm. long: spikelets 12-40,
5-5.5 mm. long, ovate, the third scale about 3.5 mm. long, rather finely trans-
verse-rugose. [Panicu7n molle Michx.] — Pinelands. — F. K.

11a. VALOTA Adans. Perennial grasses with narrow densely hairy
panicles. Spikelets lanceolate, acute or acuminate. Scales 4, the outer 3 mem-
branous, empty, the second and usually also the much shorter first one densely
silky-pilose or long-ciliate, sometimes with a short bristle at the apex, the
fourth scale shorter, chartaceous, glabrous and shining, finally indurated.
[Trichacline Nees.]

1. V. insularis (L.) Chase. Stems 1-1.5 m. tall: leaf-blades 1-3 dm. long:
panicle usually 2-3 dm. long, 1-2 cm. wide: spikelets 4-5 mm. long, long-
acuminate. — Everglades and waste grounds. — F. K. {Ber., Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

rOACEAE. 13

12. SYNTHERISMA \V:ilt. Diii'use plants with an inflorescence of spike-
like raeonit's. ^iiikolcts naiiow, acute, in 2 's or 3's on one side of the flat and
winged or triangular rachis, one of the spikelets usually longer-pedicelled than
the rest. Scales 3 or 4, the 3 outer nienibraiious, the first small or wanting, the
fourth scale chartaceous, glal)rous and sliiiiiiig. at length indurated. — Crab-
grass or FiXGER-CiRASS.

Rachls of the racemes with the angles naked, not winged : first scale wanting or some-
times present as an inconspicuous rudiment.

Second and third scales puliescent witli appressed glandular
tipped hairs : stems simple or sparingly branched at the
base; nodes ."> or fewer. 1. S.flUforme.

Second and third scales glabrous. 2. H. Simpsonii.

Rachis of the racemes with the lateral angles broadly winged,
thus making it appear flat: first scale usually present.

Racemes very slender, the rachis usually less than 0.5 mm.
wide : spikelets 1/5 as wide as long, acuminate : fourth
scale greenish when mature. 3. .S. (Ihiildtinn.

Racemes stouter, the rachis usually exceeding 0.7 mm. wide :
spikelets Vi as wide as long or more, acute : fourth scale
yellowish white when mature. 4. S. marcjinatmn.

1. S. filiforme (L.) Nash. Stem 1..5-7 dm. tall: leaf-sheaths papillose-hirsute;
blades 3-20 cm. long, 1—4 mm. wide: axis of the inflorescence 1-3 cm. long:
racemes 2-5; spikelets 0.75 mm. wide, elliptic, acute, in pairs, the fourth scale
exceeding the third, deep chestnut-brown when mature. — Hammocks and pine-
lands.— F. K. {Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

2. S. Simpsonii (Vasey) Nash. Stems S-12 dm. long: leaf-blades 7-30 cm.
long, 5 mm. wide or less, papillose-hirsute on both surfaces: axis of the
iuflorescenee 4-6 cm. long: racemes 6-8, 10-13 cm. long, erect or ascending,
usually scattered: spikelets a little exceeding 3 mm. long, about 1 mm. wide,
elliptic-lanceolate, acute, in pairs. — Pinelands. — (Cuba.)

3. S. digitatum (Sw.) A. Hitchc. Stems tufted, 4-10 dm. tall or less: leaf-
blades 2-12 cm. long, 2-7 mm. wide, papillose-hirsute on both surfaces: axis
of the inflorescence 4 cm. long or less: racemes 4-13, 4-13 cm. long, usually in
a whorl at the base and the remainder alternate or approximately in pairs;
spikelets about 2.5 mm. long, about 0.5 mm. wide, lanceolate, acuminate, in
pairs, occasionally with a delicate basal bristle. — Hammocks. — F. K. (Bah.,
Cuba, Ant.)

4. S. marginatum (Link) Nash. Stems 8 dm. long or less: leaf -blades 2-8
cm. long, 5-10 mm. wide, glabrous or pubescent on both sides: axis of the
inflorescence 2 cm. long or le.ss: racemes 2-9, 2-12 cm. long, alternate, in pairs
or whorled: spikelets 3-3.5 mm. long, about 0.8 mm. wide, lanceolate, slenderly
acute, in pairs. — Everglades. — F. K. (Ber., Bah., Ant.)

13. ECHINOCHLOA Beauv. Erect plants with the inflorescence of
several-many spike-like racemes. Spikelets crowded in small clusters or racemes
in 2 rows on all sides of the flat rachis. Scales 4, the 3 outer membranous,
spiny-hirsute or hispid, the first one often awn pointed, the second and third
awn-pointed or awned (rarely awnless), the latter bearing the longer awn, the
fourth scale chartaceous, glabrous and shining, at length indurated.

1. E. Crus-galU (L.) Beauv. Stems 6-12 dm. tall: leaf-blades 1..5-6 dm. long,
6-25 mm. wide, glabrous: panicle of 5-15 erect or ascending branches, or the
lower branches spreading or reflexed and sometimes 6-8 cm. long: spikelets
ovate, densely crowded in 2-4 rows on one side of the rachis, the second and
third scales awned, the fourth scale abruptly pointed. — Everglades and pine-
lands, and cultivated grounds. Nat. from Eu. — (Ber.. Bah., Cuba, Ant.) —
Barxyard-grass,

14

POACEAE.

14, OPLISMENUS Beauv. Creeping plants with broad flat leaf -blades
and an inflorescence composed of spikes, bearing on the lower side scattered
clusters of a few spikelets. Scales 4, the 3 outer membranous, the first and
second awned, the third usually awned, the fourth one shorter than the others,
obtuse, awnless, chartaceous, finally indurated.

1. O. hirtellus (L.) E. & S. Stems prostrate, rooting at the nodes: leaf-blades
ovate to ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, 1.5-6 cm. long: panicle 2-8 cm. long, its
short branches erect to spreading: spikelets 2.5-3 mm. long, the longer awns
6-8 mm. long. — Hammocks. — F. K, (Ber., Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

15, PANICUM L, Erect, or diffuse herbaceous plants varying much in
habit, with elongate or broad leaf-blades, and the spikelets in open or con-
tracted panicles. Spikelets 1-2-flowered, lanceolate, oblong, ovate to obovate
or globose, obtuse to acute or acuminate. Scales 4, the 3 outer membranous,
the first and second empty, the first usually much shorter than the spikelet,
sometimes minute, the third one empty or enclosing a shorter hyaline palet and
often also a staminate flower, the fourth scale shorter and usually more obtuse
than the others, chartaceous, glabrous and shining, at length indurated, enclos-
ing a palet of similar texture and a perfect flower. — Panic-grass.

Spikelets disposed singly or In pairs in one-sided racemes, the pedicels short.

I. Paspaloidea.
Spikelets in panicles, but not borne in one-sided racemes : the
pedicels short or long.
Basal leaf-blades long and narrow, similar to those of the
stem : no rosulate tufts of leaves in the fall : spike-
lets lanceolate to ovate, usually the former, acute
or acuminate, rarely obtuse.
Basal leaf-sheaths round or but little flattened, not
keeled.
Annuals, or perennials without rootstocks or stolons.
Perennials with long stolons or rootstocks.

Kootstocks and stolons naked or with few large

scales : sand-binders.
Rootstocks, at least when young, and stolons
covered with numerous small broad acute
scales.
Basal leaf-sheaths much compressed, broad, keeled,
often equitant.
Basal leaf-blades commonly imlike those of the stem, ovate
to ovate-lanceolate : perennial by rosulate tufts which
form in the fall at the base of the stems : spikelets
elliptic to spherical, usually obtuse, sometimes acute,
never acuminate.

I. Paspaloidea.
Fourth scale of the spikelet smooth.
Terrestrial plants : first scale acute.
Aquatic plants : first scale rounded or truncate.

Spikelets singly disposed, about .S mm. long, the

first scale rounded or truncate at the apex.
Spikelets in pairs, about 2 mm. long, the first scale
acute at the summit.
Fourth scale of the spikelet transversely rugose.

II. Capillaria.

III. HALOPniI.A.
IV. ViKGATA.

V. Ageostoidea.

VI. DlCHOTOMA.

1. P. vioUc.

2. p. pahidivagum.

."?. /'. hcmitomon.
4. P. adspcrsum.

II. Capillaria.

Leaf-sheaths pubescent : panicle large, broad.
Leaf-sheaths glabrous : panicle small, virgate.

III. HALOPniLA.

IV. ViROATA.

A single species In our range.
A single species In our range.

V. AOItOSTOIDEA.

Innovations Intravaglnal, hence stems tufted : spikelets
not oblique to the pedicels, the apex straight, hence
equilateral.

.5. P. Bartoicensc.
6. P. tencrum.

7. P. amarulum.

8. P. virgatum.

POACEAE.

15

I'anicle ovoid, tho hranc-lies wide-spreading at maturity.
I'anlcle oljlonjr, the hraiichos erect.
Innovations extravaKinal. Ilie long stolons stout and scaly :
spikelets obliiiue to the pedicels, the ai>ex decidedly
curved, hence inequilateral.

VI. DlCIIOTO.MA.

Blades of the stem-leaves long and narrow, linear and
narrowed at both ends, very different from the
early basal ones.
Leaf-blades erect.

I'rimary leaves of the stem with blades usually less
than 4 mm. wide, from 25-50 times as long as
broad.
Primary leaves of the stem with blades exceeding
4 mm. in width, 20 times as long as broad
or less.
Stems simple, or sometimes sparingly branched
at the nodes : plants usually bright green :
hairs on the leaf-sheaths reflexed.
Stems at length repeatedly dichotomous-
branched, forming dense mats : plants
grayish green : hairs on the leaf-sheaths,
if any, ascending or appressed.
Spikelets broadly obovoid, about 2 mm. long,

obtuse.
Spikelets obovoid, about 3.5 mm. long, acute.
Leaf-blades widely spreading.
Blades of the stem-leaves not long and narrow, usually
lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, sometimes short and
linear.
Stems simple, or rarely a little branched at the lower
nodes, forming dense tufts.
Leaf-sheaths hirsute.

Leaf-sheaths glabrous, excepting the ciliate margin ;
blades strongly and beautifully ciliate on the
margins, otherwise glabrous.
Stems tlnally branching at the upper nodes, often
repeatedly branching.
* Middle leaf-blades of the main stem less than
1.5 cm. in width, usually less than 1 cm.
wide, the base rounded or truncate, some-
times in the broadest ones cordate.
t Leaf-sheaths glabrous or puberulent, the lower
ones sometimes with a few scattered long
hairs, the margins often ciliate.
Stem-nodes barbed.
Stem-nodes naked.
Spikelets glabrous.

Spikelets less than 1.5 mm. long
Spikelets about 2 mm. long.
Spikelets pubescent.

Spikelets less than 2 mm. long.

Leaf-blades ciliate for at least V2
their length.
Panicle ovoid : spikelets few.
1.75 mm. long: leaf-blades
small.
Panicle oblong : spikelets nu-
merous, 1.3mm. long: leaf-
blades large.
Leaf-blades naked on the margins,
or sometimes with few long
hairs at the very base.
Larger stem-leaves with blades

8-15 mm. wide.
Larger stem-leaves with blades
rarely over 6 mm. wide.
Leaf-blades with broad car-
tilaginous thickened
white margins.
Stem with the upper
portion naked, the 2
leaves below the
middle.

0. /'. (lyrostoidcs.
1<». J', condcnsum.

11. P. anceps.

12. P. (jhihrifolium.

14. P. laxiflorum.

15. P. ncuranlhum.

16. /*. fusiforme.
28. P. cquilutcrulc.

14. P. laxiflorum.
13. P. polycuulon.

10. P. suhharhuUiium.

23. P. caerulesccns.
17. P. Nashianum.

17. P. Nasliiamim.
24. P. ercctifolium.

24. P. ercctifolium.

21. P. albomargitiatum

16

POACEAE.

22. P. trifoliiim.

2(1. P. ritsifdliidii.

28. P. cqiiiluterale.

17. P. yasliianum.

27. P. cpilifoliiim.

18. P. Webberianum.
3(1. /'. commitiutum.

25. P. ciliifcnDii.

26. /'. pfnudoijiihesccns.

Stem leafy almost to
the panicle, the
leaves usually 3.
Leaf-blades without thick
white margins.
Spikelets exceeding L' mm. in length.
Blades of the primary leaves
elongate, broadly linear, often
2 dm. long and 1.3 cm. wide,
spreading.
Blades of the primary leaves
lanceolate,
Rounded or truncate at the
base,
Cillate, at least on the

lower half.
Eciliate, or sometimes with
few hairs at the
very base.
Leaf-blades spreading :
first scale 1/2 as long
as the spikelet, acute.
Leaf-blades erect : first
scale 1/4-^/3 as long as
the spikelet, rounded
at the apex.
Cordate at the base.
ft Leaf-sheaths pubescent with long hairs.

Spikelets over 2.5 mm. long : fruits over

2 mm. long.
Spikelets less than 2.5 mm. long : fruits less
than 2 mm. long.
•* Middle leaf-blades of the main stem more than
1.5 cm. wide, sometimes 3-4 cm. in width,
the base cordate and clasping.
Stems finally much branched and prostrate,

forming large mats : spikelets very acute. 20. /'. munuteiisc.

Stems erect, even in the late state, sparingly

branched : spikelets obtuse or acutish. 30. P. coinmutatum.

1. P. molle Sw. Sterile stems 1-2 m. long or less, rooting at the nodes, the
fertile stems erect, 6-10 dm, tall or more, the nodes densely barbed: leaf-
sheaths often overlapj)ing, papillose-hirsute: blades 1-3 dm. long, glabrous or
pubescent, 7-15 mm. wide: panicle 1.5-2 dm. long, its branches spreading or
ascending: spikelets about 3 mm. long, glabrous, — Pinelands and roadsides.
Nat, from tropical America, — {Ber., BaJi., Ant.)

2. P. paludivagum Hitchc. & Chase. Stems 6-12 dm, long: blades 2,5 dm.
long or less, 6-10 mm, wide: racemes 10-20, the raehis broadly winged, ap-
pressed, 2-3,5 cm. long: spikelets ovate, acute, glabrous, — Everglades, — (Ber.,
Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

3. P. hemitomon Schult, Stems from stout rootstocks, 6-12 dm, tall or more:
blades 3 dm, long or less, 6-12 mm, wide: racemes 6-20, appressed, 4-10 cm.
long, the raehis barely if at all winged: spikelets with the scales prominently
nerved, the fourth scale smooth, — Everglades, — Maiden-cane.

4. P. adspersum Trin, Annual: stems 4-6 dm, tall: leaf -blades 2 dm, long or
le.ss, 1,5-2 cm, wide, glabrous: panicle 1-2 dm. long: spikelets usually borne in
pairs, green, glabrous or pubescent. — Hammocks and cultivated grounds. —
(Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

5. P. Bartowense Scribn, & Mer, Annual: stems erect, commonly 1 m, tall or
less, or much branched and decumbent: leaf -sheaths pubescent; blades 2-7 dm.
long, 6-28 mm. wide: panicle 1.5-4,5 dm, long: spikelets 2.5-3 mm. long,
glabrous, acuminate. — Everglades. — (Bah.)

6. P. tenerum Berg. Perennial, glabrous, except the sometimes pubescent
lower leaf -sheaths: stems erect, 3-8 dm. tall: leaf -blades erect, involute when
dry, 1.5 dm. long or less, 1-1.5 mm. wide: panicle narrow, 3-15 cm. long:
spikelets about 2.5 mm. long, lanceolate, acute. — Everglades. — (Bah., Cuba.)

POACEAE. 17

7. P. amarulum Hitchc. & Chase. Glabrous, glaucous: stems 8-12 dm. tall:
Icaf-sheaths overlapping; blades generally '.i-i) dm. long, 8-16 mm. wide, long-
acuminate, thick, involute, at least toward the apex: panicle large, but narrow,
3-7 dm. long: spikelets 4-5 mm. long, usually rather narrow, the first scale
about i as long as the spikelet. — Shores of Bay Biscayne. — F. K. {Bah.)

8. P. virgatum L. Glabrous: stems erect, 9-15 dm. tall: leaf -blades elongate,
3 dm. long or more, 6-12 mm. wide, flat, glabrous or pubescent: panicle 1.5-5
dm. long, its branches widely spreading or sometimes nearly erect : spikelets
ovate, acuminate, 4-4.5 mm. long, glabrous. — Hammocks. — F. K. (Ber., Cuba).

9. P. agrostoides Muhl. Stems 4-8 dm. tall, much-branched, compressed:
leaf -blades 3 dm. long or more, 4-8 mm. wide: panicle pyramidal, 1-3 dm.
long: spikelets 1.5-2 mm. long. — Everglades. — F. K.

10. P. condensum Nash. Stems 6-10 dm. tall, branched, the lateral panicles
often nuich exserted: leaf -blades 2-4 dm. long, 6-S mm. wide, erect: panicle
dense, 1-2 dm. long, contracted: spikelets numerous, about 2 mm. long. — Ever-
glades.— (Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

11. P. anceps Michx. Stems erect, 4-15 dm. tall, branched: leaf-sheaths
glabrous or pubescent; blades 3 dm. long or more, 4-10 mm. wide: panicle
1.5-3 dm. long; its branches erect to spreading: spikelets 2.5-3.5 mm. long,
lanceolate, acuminate. — Hammocks.

12. P. glabrifolium Nash. Glabrous and shining: stems 1.5-4 dm. tall, erect,
rigid, slender, leafy: blades rigid, thickish, long-acuminate, those on the shoots
1.5 dm. long or less, 3-4 mm. wide, those on the flowering stems 3-9 cm. long,
1-3 mm. wide: panicle ovate, 4-6 cm. long: spikelets 0.7 mm. wide, obovoid. —
Pinelands.

13. P. polycaulon Nash. Stems naked above, yellowish-green, 2 dm, tall or
less, erect: leaf -blades erect or ascending, narrowly oblong-lanceolate, 2-7 cm.
long, 2-S mm. wide: panicle broadly ovate, 3 cm. long or less, the main axis
and generally the branches pilose : spikelets 0.8 mm. wide, obovoid, obtuse. —
Pinelands. — (Cuba.)

14. P. laxiflorura Lam. Stems 2-4 dm. tall: leaf-blades 6-13 cm. long, 4-10
mm. wide, erect : panicle .5-10 cm. long, its axis and erect or spreading branches
sometimes hirsute : spikelets elliptic or narrowly obovoid, strongly pubescent.
— Hammocks.

15. P. neuranthum Griseb. Stems 3-6 dm. tall: primary leaves 4-6; blades
erect, thickish, firm, 3-10 cm. long, 2-5 mm. wide, those on the branches much
smaller and usually involute: panicle much-exserted, narrow, 5-8 cm. long:
spikelets about 1 mm. wide, turgid, with short spreading hairs. — Everglades. —
(Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

16. P. fusiforme A. Hitchc. Stems 2-5 dm. tall: primary leaves usually 4 or
5; blades erect, linear-lanceolate, ciliate on the margin near the base, 5-12 cm.
long, 3-6 mm. wide, those on the branches much smaller, crowded, usually
involute: panicle broadly ovate, long-exserted, 6-9 cm. long: spikelets obovoid,
1.3-1.6 mm. broad, strongly nerved, densely pubescent with spreading hairs. —
Pinelands. — (Cuba.)

17. P. Nashianum Scribn. Stems slender, 1.5-4 dm. tall: leaf -blades erect or
ascending, lanceolate, acuminate, 2-5 cm. long, 2-5 mm. wide, the blades on the
branches smaller: panicle 2.5-5 cm. long, its branches widely spreading:
spikelets obovoid. — Hammocks.

18. P. Webberianum Nash. Stems 2-4 dm. tall, erect or ascending, rigid,
branched: blades lanceolate, 4-9 cm. long, 7-14 mm. wide, usually erect: panicle
ovate, 6-9 cm. long: spikelets elliptic or obovoid, 2.5 mm. long and about 1.3
mm. wide, the apex of the fourth scale minutely pubescent. — Hammocks.

Flora of Miami 2

18 POACEAE.

19. P. subbarbulatum Seribn. & Mer. Stems 6-12 dm. tall: leaves 6 or 7;
blades spreading, 3-8 cm. long, 3-10 mm. wide, the lowermost pubescent od
both surfaces: panicle 6-10 dm. long, ovate: spikelets 2-2.5 mm. long and
about 1 mm. wide, elliptic. — Hammocks and pinelands. — {Bah., Cuba.)

20. P. ensifolium Baldw. Stems 1-3 dm. tall: leaves 2 or 3; blades widely
spreading, lanceolate, usually less than 2 cm. long, 1-3 mm. wide, densely
puberulent on the lower surface^ the basal blades markedly larger and more
erect: panicle small, ovate, 1-2 cm. long: spikelets about 1.3 mm. long and
about 0.6 mm. wide, elliptic. — Hammocks.

21. P. albomarginatum Nash. Glabrous: stems 2-4 dm. tall, the upper part of
the stem naked : leaves usually 2 ; blades erect, thick, stiff, lanceolate, with a
prominent wide thickened white margin, usually 1..5-4 cm. long, 2-7 mm. wide:
panicle 2-4 cm. long, broadly ovate: spikelets elliptic, about 1.3 mm. long,
and 0.7 mm. wide. — Pinelands. — (Cuba.)

22. P. trifolium Nash. Stems 2-4 dm. tall: leaves 3, rarely 4, the uppermost
one much above the middle of the stem and generally but a little below the
panicle; blades erect or nearly so, firm, lanceolate, the margins thickened and
cartilaginous, 1.5-6 cm. long, 1.5-5 mm. wide: panicle 2.5-6 cm. long, broadly
ovoid: spikelets 1.5 mm. long and about 0.7 mm. wide, ellipsoid. — Pinelands.

23. P. caerulescens Hack. Glabrous: stems erect, 7-11 dm. tall: leaves 6-8;
blades erect, firm, 4-11 cm. long. 4-8 mm. wide, lanceolate: panicle 9-13 cm.
long, oblong, dense, 2-4 cm. wide: spikelets 1.3 mm. long and about 0.8 mm.
wide, oval. — Pinelands. — (Bah., Cuba.)

24. P. erectifolium Nash. Stems 5-7 dm. tall: leaves usually 5-7; blades erect,
firm, ciliate on the margins toward the base, lanceolate, acuminate, 5-10 cm.
long, 5-13 mm. wide: panicle elliptic, 8-12 cm. wide: spikelets numerous, 0.6-
0.8 mm. wide, elliptic to oval. — Pinelands. — (Cuba.)

25. P. ciliiferum Nash. Stems 2-5 dm. tall: leaves usually 3; sheaths densely
hirsute with long ascending hairs; blades erect or ascending, lanceolate, the
lower surface strongly strigose, the primary ones 3-8 cm. long, 4-10 mm. wide:
primary panicle ample, 6-11 cm. long, broadly oval: spikelets about 2.75 mm.
long and 1-1.2 mm. wide, elliptic. — Pinelands.

26. P. pseudopubescens Nash. Stems 2-4 dm. tall: leaves usually 3: blades
erect, rather firm, lanceolate, 4-10 cm. long, 3-11 mm. wide: panicle 5-9 cm.
long, broadly ovoid: spikelets 2.25-2.4 mm. long and 1-1.2 mm. wide. — Pine-
lands.

27. P, epilifolium Nash. Stems 2-3.5 dm. tall: leaves 2 or 3; sheaths ciliate
on both margins with long slender hairs; blades linear-lanceolate, 4-7 cm. long,
5-7 mm. wide, minutely pubescent on the upper surface between the nerves:
panicle 5-7 cm. long, ovate, obtusely apiculate. — Hammocks.

28. P. equilaterale Seribn. Stems 4-8 dm. tall : leaves 4 or 5 ; blades elongate,
8-18 cm. long, 7-15 mm. wide: panicle 7-9 cm. long, broadly ovate: spikelets
about 3.5 mm. long and about 1.3 mm. wide, elliptic, acutish. — Pinelands.

29. P. manatense Nash. Stems 2-4 dm. long: leaf -blades erect or nearly so,
lanceolate, .3-9 cm. long, 7-15 mm. wide: panicle 4-6 cm. long: spikelets ellip-
tic, about 3 mm. long and 1.3 mm. wide, strongly pubescent with spreading
hairs. — Hammocks.

30. P. commutatum E. & S. Stems 3-6 dm. tall: leaves 3 or 4; blades ciliate
on the margin, 5-12 cm. long, 1-2 cm. wide, ovate-lanceolate: panicle 5-10 cm.
long, broadly ovoid: spikelets 2.5-3 mm. long and about 1 mm. wide, elliptic,
obtuse or acutish, pubescent. — Pinelands.

16. STEINCHISMA Eaf. Erect tufted plants with loose open panicles.
Spikelets with the 3 outer scales membranous, the third scale bearing in its

POACEAE. 19

axil a much enlarged and inflated papery palet which exceeds in length the
fourth scale; first scale short, the second one about as long as the spikelet;
fourth scale indurated in fruit.

1. S. Mans (Ell.) Nash. Glabrous: stems erect, 3-S dm. tall, sometimes creep-
ing at the base: leaf-blades 7-13 cm. long, 2-6 mm. wide, acuminate, usually
erect: panicle 7-20 cm. long, its branches few, generally spreading: spikelets
about 2 mm. long. — Everglades.

17. LASIACIS A. Ilitchc. Shrubs with erect or reclining stems and
branches, and flat leaf -blades. Spikelets very thick, often globular, paniculate,
obliquely articulated to the pedicels. Scales 4^ the 3 outer papery, shining,
many-nerved, usually woolly at the apex, the first one less than i as long as the
spikelet: fourth or fruiting scales bony-indurated, woolly at the apex, enclosing
a palet of similar texture and a perfect flower.

1. L. divaricata (L.) A. Ilitchc. Stems 2-3 m. tall, reclining: leaves crowded
and numerous; sheaths overlapping, ciliate on the margin; blades spreading or
ascending, glabrous, acuminate, the larger ones 8-10 cm. long, 13-35 mm. wide:
panicle 1 dm. long or less: spikelets 4-5 mm. long, the first scale very broad,
clasping the base of the spikelet. — Hammocks. — F. K. {Bah., Cuha, Ant.) —
Small-caxe.

18. SACCIOLEPIS Nash. Diffuse or reclining plants with contracted
dense panicles. Spikelets numerous. Scales 4, the 3 outer membranous; 2
outer scales empty, the first scale small and narrow, the third scale enclosing
a palet and staminate flower, the fourth scale chartaceous, finally indurated,
about one-half as long as the second scale, enclosing a palet of similar texture
and a perfect flower.

1. S. striata (Lam.) Nash. Stems usually rooting at the lower nodes, finally
dichotomously branched, 3-20 dm. long: leaf -sheaths papillose-hirsute, at least
the lower ones; blades lanceolate, long-acuminate, sometimes hirsute on one or
both surfaces, 4-20 cm. long, 4-22 mm. wide: panicle 6-30 cm. long, 1.5-2 cm.
wide: spikelets 4-5 mm. long, ovate-lanceolate. — Everglades. — {Cuha.)

19. CHAETOCHLOA Scribn. Erect or diffuse plants with dense terminal
cylindric spike-like or narrowly thyrsoid panicles. Spikelets with 1, or a
cluster of 2-several sterile barbed bristle-like persistent branches. Three outer
scales membranous, the fourth scale usually shorter than the spikelet, char-
taceous, glabrous, shining, finally indurated. — Foxtail. Foxtail-grass.

Inflorescence with the spikelets racemosely arranged : bristles 5-16 at the base of each

spikelet, involucrate. 1. G. imbcrbis.

Inflorescence with the spikelets in clusters or on branches :
bristles 1-3 at the base of each spikelet, not involucrate.
Second scale of the spikelet as long as the flowering scale

or very nearly so. 2. C. magna.

Second scale manifestlv shorter than the flowering scale.

Spikelets 3 mm. long or more. 3. C. macrosperma.

Spikelets less than 3 mm. long. 4. C. corrugata.

I.e. imberbis (Poir.) Scribn. Stems 3-7 dm. tall, slender: leaf-blades 1-3 dm.
long, 3-7 mm. wide, the upper surface often with a few long hairs at the base:
racemes 2-5 cm. long, nearly 1 cm. in diameter, exclusive of the bristles, the
rachis pubescent: bristles 5-10 mm. long: spikelets ovoid, acute, 2-2.5 mm.
long, the flowering scale acute, striate, finely trans\-erse-rugose. — Everglades. —
F. K. {Ber., Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

2. C. magna (Griseb.) Scribn. Stems stout, 1-4 m. tall, branching at the
base: leaf -sheaths glabrous, compressed; blades 3-6 dm. long, 1-3 cm. wide,

20 POACEAE.

rough: panicle usually interrupted below, 1-3.5 dm. long, 2-5 cm. in diameter;
bristles 1-3, green, 8-11 mm. long: spikelets elliptic, acute, 2 mm. long. —
Everglades. — F. K.

3. C. macrosperma Scribn. & Merr. Stems 6-12 dm. tall: leaf -blades linear-
lanceolate, 1-3 dm. long: panicle 1-2.5 dm. long, 2-4 cm. in diameter, exclusive
of the bristles: bristles single, 1.5-3 cm. long, green: spikelets narrowly ovoid,
acute, 3 mm. long, the flowering scale acute, narrowly ovoid, finely transverse-
rugose. — Hammocks. — F. K. (Bah.)

4. C. corrugata (Ell.) Scribn. Stems 3-10 dm. tall: leaf-blades narrowly
linear, 1-3 dm. long: panicle 0.5—1.5 dm. long, 4-15 mm. in diameter exclusive
of the bristles: bristles solitary or rarely 2 at each spikelet, 5-15 mm. long:
spikelets ovoid, acute, about 2 mm. long, the fourth scale very strongly trans-
versely and coarsely undulate-rugose. — Hammocks and low pinelands.

20. CENCHEOPSIS Nash. Erect plants with long rootstocks and terminal
spicate inflorescence. Spikelets single, the involucre of 1 or 2 outer rows of
barbed bristles and 1 or 2 inner rows of barbed spines which are 2—4 times as
long as the bristles and about equalling the spikelet. Scales 4.

1. C. myosuroides (H.B.K.) Nash. Stems 6-14 dm. tall: leaf -blades 1-3 dm.
long, 3-8 mm. wide: spikes 5-20 cm. long: involucres numerous: spikelets
about 5 mm. long. — Pinelands. — F. K. (Bah., Cuba, A7it.)

21. CENCHKUS L. Diffuse plants with terminal spikes. Spikelets 2-6,
in an involucre of two thick hard valves. Scales 4, awnless.— Sand-bur.
Sand-spur. Bur-grass. Cockspur.

Involucre pubescent. 1. C. caroUnianus.

Involucre glabrous. 2. C. gracillimus.

1. C. carolinianus L. Stems 2-6 dm. long, branching: leaf-blades 6-12 cm.
long, 4-S nmi. wide: spikes 3-6 cm. long: involucres 6-20, the spines 3—4 mm.
long: spikelets 6-7 mm. long, usually not exserted beyond the involucre. —
Hammocks. — F. K. (Ber., Bah., Cuba, Ayit.)

2. C. gracillimus Nash. Stems 3-6 dm. tall, slender: leaf -blades 5-8 cm. long,
about 2 mm. wide, acuminate: spikes usually long-exserted, 3-5 cm. long, bear-
ing 3-6 distant purplish involucres with a deeply furrowed and glabrous base,
the spines purple, 5-6 mm. long: spikelets about 8 mm. long, exserted beyond
the involucre one-third to one-half their length. — Pinelands.

22. STENOTAPHKUM Trin. Creeping, much-branched plants, with ter-
minal spikes or spike-like panicles. Spikelets 2- (rarely 1-) flowered, in 2's-4's
in short spikes. Scales 4.

1. S. secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze. Stems compressed: leaf -blades rounded at
the apex, usually less than 1 dm. long, 4—10 mm. wide: spikelets 3.5-5 mm.
long. — Coastal sand-dunes. — F. K. (Ber., Bah., Cuba, Ant.) — Shore-grass.

23. ARISTIDA L. Tufted plants with contracted or open panicles, which
are sometimes nearly racemose. Spikelets narrow. Scales 3, the outer 2 mem-
branous, the third scale narrow, rigid, strongly convolute, often with a promi-
nent callus at the base, the generally spreading awns glabrous to plumose. —
Poverty-grass or Wire-grass.

Leaf-blades flat, not villous at the base.

First scale of the spikelet usually shorter than the second : flowering scale less
than '>S) mm. long. 1. A. Chapmaniana.

First scale of the spikelet usually longer than the

second: flowering scale over r>.T) long. 2. A. purpurasccns.

Leaf-blades involute, at least those of the lower ones and

those of the innovations, densely villous. 3. A. stricta.

POACEAE. 21

1. A. Chapmaniana Nash. Stems 7-10 dm. tall: leaf -blades 1-2 dm. long:
panicle -~i dm. loiii^: spikelets 6-S mm. long, the flowering scale about 5 mm.
long, the central awn widely spreading, at right angles to the scale, 1.8-2.5
cm. long, the lateral awns erect, usually a little more than one-half as long as
the central awn. — IMnelands.

2. A. purpurascens Poir. Stems 3-8 dm. tall: leaf -blades 5-20 cm. long:
panicle 1.5-3 dm. long: spikelets 9-12 mm. long, the flowering scale (5-8 mm.
long, the awns more or less spreading, especially the central one which is 1.5-
2.5 cm. long, the lateral awns from two-thirds as long to nearly equalling it. —
Pinelands.— F, K, (Bah.)

3. A. stricta Michx. Stems 5-10 dm. tall: blades 5-30 cm. long, about 0.7 mm.
in diameter: panicle 1-3 dm. long, the short appressed branches in alternate
fascicles of 2 or 3 : spikelets 10-11 mm. long, the flowering scale 7-9 mm. long,
glabrous or sparingly hispidulous toward the summit, the awns more or less
spreading, the central one 7-11 mm. long, the lateral ones from f to nearly as
long. — Pinelands. — Wike-grass.

24. MUHIiENBERGIA Schreb. Tufted or difl'use plants with terminal

contracted or open panicles. Spikelets small. Scales 3 (or rarely 4), the outer

2 persistent, membranous or hyaline, from minute to almost equalling the third

scale, keeled, acute, mucronate or rarely short-awned, the second occasionally

3-toothed, the third scale somewhat rigid, convolute at the apex, entire or

rarely 2-toothed, obtuse, acute, mucronate to long-awned, the awn very often

capillary, a fourth awned scale very rarely present.

Empty scales awnless or awn-pointed. 1. M. capiUavis.

Empty scales long-awned, the awn usually many times as long as

the scale. 2. M. fllipcs.

1. M. capillaris (Lam.) Trin. Stems wiry, 5-12 dm. tall: leaf-blades long and
narrow, often involute when dry, 1-3 mm. wide: panicle 1.5-4 dm. long, its
branches spreading or ascending: spikelets, exclusive of the awn, 3.5— i mm.
long, lanceolate, acuminate, the empty scales usually one-half as long as the
spikelet or less, commonly bearing a short awn. — Coastal sand-dunes. — F. K.
(Bah., Cuba.)

2. M. filipes M. A. Curtis. Stem wiry, 5-10 dm. tall: leaf -blades long and
narrow, involute at least when dry, 1-2 mm. wide: panicle 2-3 dm. long,
often included at the base, its long branches spreading or ascending: spikelets,
exclusive of the awns, 4-5 mm. long, lanceolate, acuminate, the empty scale ^
as long as the spikelet or less. — Everglades.

25. STIPA L. Tufted plants with contracted or open panicles. Spikelets
narrow. Scales 3, the two outer persistent, narrow, keeled, acute, rarely awned,
the third scale tightly convolute, rigid, narrow, usually attenuate into a more
or less geniculate awn, (or rarely 2-toothed or shortly 2-cleft, with the awn
strict and arising between the teeth), which is often spiral or twisted at the
base, and generally deciduous at the articulation to the scales.

1. S. avenacea L. Stems 3-8 dm. tall: leaf -blades involute-filiform, those of
the stem-leaves 7-13 cm. long: panicle 1-2 dm. long, its branches lax and
finally spreading: flowering scale shorter than the empty scales, black, hairy
at the base, and with a ring of short hairs at the top, the awn 4-7 cm. long,
bent, loosely sj)iral below. — Pinelands. — Black oat-grass.

26. SPOEOBOLUS E. Br. Erect or diffuse plants with terminal panicles,
which are contracted or open and diffuse. Spikelets small. Scales 3, mem-
branous, acute or obtuse, the first shorter than the second. Stamens 2 or 3.

— EUSH-GRASS.

22 POACEAE.

Plants without long rootstocks : leaves with elongate erect blades.

Panicle-branches whorled : spikelets 2.5-3 mm. long. 1. 8. gracilis.

Panicle-branches scattered : spikelets 1.5-2 mm. long. 2. S. anf/ustiis.

Plants with long rootstocks: leaves with short spreading blades. 3. S. virginictis.

1. S. gracilis (Trin.) Merr. Stems tufted, 3-6 dm. tall: leaf -blades filiform,
the basal 1.5-3 dm. long, those on the stem few, 2.5-8 cm. long: panicle 7-lS
cm. long, open: spikelets 2.5-3 mm. long, purple, the empty scales very unequal,
the flowering scale equalling the second and the obtuse palet. — Pinelands.

2. S. angustus Buckl. Stems 3-12 dm. tall : leaf-blades 2-6 mm. wide, atten-
uate into a long slender point, the basal ones 2-3 dm. long: panicle 1-4 dm.
long: spikelets 1.5-2 mm. long, crowded on the short panicle-branches: second
scale oblong to ovate, about i the length of the spikelet. — Hammocks and
roadsides. — F. K. {Ber., Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

2. S. virginicus (L.) Kunth. Stems 1.5-6 dm. tall: leaf -blades 2.5-20 cm.
long, 4 mm. wide or less at the base, distichous, involute on the margins and at
the summit: panicle 2.5-8 cm. long, 4-10 mm. wide: spikelets 2-2.5 mm. long.
— Hammocks. — F. K. (Ber., Bah., Cuba, A7it.)

27. SPAP,TINA Schreb. Erect or decumbent plants with the spike-rachis
extending beyond the spikelets. Spikelets sessile or nearly so, much crowded and
imbricate. Scales 3, firm-membranous, the 2 outer keeled, the flowering scale
equalling or a little longer and broader than the second scale. — Marsh-grass.

First scale less than % as long as the second : spikes usually few, erect or ascending.

1. S. juncea.
First scale about % as long as the second : spikes numerous,

appressed. 2. S. junciformis.

1. S. juncea (Michx.) Willd. Stems often stout, 5-12 dm. tall: leaf -blades
1.5-6 dm. long, involute, erect or ascending: spikes 2-8, 2.5-5 cm. long:
spikelets 7-10 mm. long. — Hammocks along Bay Biscayne. — (Ber.)

2. S. junciformis Engelm. & Gray. Stems rigid, often slender, 3-10 dm. tall:
leaf -sheaths thick, hard, the lower ones shining; blades involute, 5 dm. long or
less: panicle 1-2 dm. long, narrow, strict: spikelets about 7 mm. long. — Ever-
glades.—F. K.

28. CAPRIOLA Adans. Stoloniferous plants, the stems as well as the
stolons often creeping. Spikelets small. Scales 3, the 2 outer persistent, thin,
keeled, the flowering scale membranous, broader, its keel ciliate.

1. C, Dactylon (L.) Kuntze. Stems 1-3 dm. tall, from long creeping and
branching rootstocks: leaf -blades 2.5-5 cm. long, 2-4 mm. wide: spikes 1-5 cm.
long: spikelets 2 mm. long. — Hammocks and pinelands, and cultivated grounds.
Nat. from Eu., and cultivated. — F. K. (Ber., Bah., Cuba, Ant.) — Bermuda

GRASS.

29. EUSTACHYS Desv. Erect plants with the spikes single or in pairs,
or 3-many and digitate. Spikelets usually 1-flowered, sessile. Scales 4, rarely
5, the 2 lower persistent, the remaining scales firmer than the empty scales.

Spikes usually 4-6, n.rely more : second scale of the spikelet manifestly 2-toothed at
the apex : leaf-blades usually 3-7 mm. wide. 1. E. petraea.

Spikes 10-25 : second scale of the spikelet truncate at the apex : leaf-
blades usually 1 cm. wide or more. 2. E. glauca.

1. E. petraea (Sw.) Desv. Stems 3-11 dm. tall: leaf-blades 3 dm. long or
less: spikes erect, 4-11 cm. long: scales 4, the second 1.5-1.75 mm. long, the
awn about 0.5 mm. long: third scale about 2 mm. long, the awn short or want-
ing: fourth scale 1.3-1.5 mm. long. — Pinelands. — F. K. (Ber., Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

2. E. glauca Chapm. Stems 6-15 dm. tall: loaf -blades 2.5 dm. long or less:
spikes 6-15 cm. long: scales 4: second scale 1.5 mm, long, the awn about 0.3

POACEAE. 23

mm. long: third scale 1.75 mm. long, awnlcss: fourth scale about 1.3 mm. long.
— Pinelands.

30. GYMNOPOGON Boauv. Erect or diffuse plants M-ith flat, generally
short, Icuf-Madi's and numerous long slender spikes which are alternately
arranged or the lower ones subverticillate. Spikelets 1-flowered, narrow, the
rachilla glabrous and produced beyond the flower, bearing at its apex a small
usually awned scale. Scales 4, the 2 lower persistent, narrow, the third scale
shortly 2-toothed, bearing a straight awn.

1. G. ambiguus (Michx.) B.S.P. Stems 3-5 dm. tall: leaf -sheaths with a
villous ring at the summit, crowded at the base of the stem; blades 2-10 cm.
long, 4-12 mm. wide, crowded at the base: spikes slender, 1-2 dm. long:
spikelets 4-5 nun. long, the awn of the flowering scale 4-6 mm. long. — Pinelands.

31. BOUTELOUA Lag. Erect tufted plants with few scattered many-
flowered spikes with the raehis sometimes conspicuously prolonged beyond the
spikelets. Spikelets 1-2-flowered. Scales 3 or more, the 2 lower narrow,
usually thinner and broader, 3-nerved, the nerves excurrent from the lobes or
teeth as short awns, or protruding between the lobes, the small empty scales
terminating the rachilla 1-3, 3-awned.

1. B. oligostachya (Nutt.) Torr. Stems 1.5-5 dm. tall: blades 2-10 cm. long,
2 mm. wide or l«^ss : spikes 1-3, 2.5-5 cm. long: spikelets about 6 mm. long. —
Pinelands. — Mesquite-grass.

32. ELEUSINE Gaertn. Annual, or perennial and creeping grasses, with
flat leaf -blades, and an inflorescence composed of normally several spikes
arranged digitately or approximately with sometimes an additional 1 or 2
spikes below. Spikelets numerous, much crowded, imbricate, sessile, alternate
in 2 rows, several-flowered, the flowers perfect, or the upper ones staminate.
Scales several, obtuse or acute, flattened, keeled, thin, the 2 lower ones empty,
a little shorter than the others, the remaining scales usually more obtuse, each
of the lower ones enclosing a scarcely shorter compressed 2-keeled palet and a
flower, the terminal scales empty.

1. E. indica (L.) Gaertn. Stems 1.5-6 dm. tall, erect or decumbent: leaf-
sheaths loose, overlapping, often short and crowded at the base of the stem;
blades 7-30 cm. long, 2-6 mm. wide: spikes 2-10, whorled or approximate at
the summit of the stem, or sometimes with 1 or 2 distant ones, 2-S cm. long:
spikelets 3-4 mm. long, 3-6-flowered. — Pinelands, cultivated and waste ground.
Nat. from the Old World. — F. K. {Ber., Bah., Cuba, Ant.) — Wire-gr.\ss.
Dog-grass or Yard-grass. Crow-foot.

33. DACTYLOCTENIUM Willd. Annual grasses, with flat leaf-blades,
and an inflorescence consisting of 1-sided spikes terminally arranged in pairs or
digitate. Spikelets numerous, crowded, imbricate, sessile, alternate in 2 rows,
several-flowered, the flowers perfect, or the upper ones staminate. Scales
several, acute or mucronate-pointed, or the second one awned, thin, flattened,
keeled, the 2 lower empty, the remaining scales broader, each of the lower ones
enclosing a scarcely shorter compressed 2-keeled palet and a flower, the upper
scales empty.

1. D. aegyptium (L.) Willd. Stems 1.5-6 dm. tall, usually decumbent and
extensively creeping: leaf -sheaths loose, overlapping, often crowded; blades 1.5
dm. long or less, 2-6 mm. wide, ciliate toward the base: spikes in pairs, or 3-5

24 POACEAE.

and digitate, 1-5 cm. long: spikelets 3-5-flowered. — Pinelands, cultivated and
waste grounds. Nat. from the Old World. — F. K. {Bah., Cuba, Ant.) —
Egyptian-grass.

34. PHRAGMITES Triu. Tall erect plants with flat usually broad leaf-
blades and ample terminal panicles. Spikelets 2-several-flowered, the lower
flower staminate, the remainder perfect. Scales 4-several, the first much shorter
than the second, the remaining scales long-acuminate.

1. P. Phragmites (L.) Karst. Stems 1-5 m. tall, from long rootstoeks: leaf-
blades 1.5-3 dm. long or more, 1-5 cm. wide, flat : panicle ample, 1.5-3 dm.
long or more: spikelets crowded, the flowering scales 10-12 mm. long. — Shore
hammocks. — F. K. {Bah.) — Common-reed.

35. ERAGROSTIS Beauv. Erect or diffuse plants, the stems sometimes
prostrate or creeping, with open or contracted panicles. Spikelets numerous,
arranged singly or in fascicles, 2-many-flowered, the flowers perfect or uni-
sexual. Scales 4-many, membranous, compressed, keeled, the flowering scales
3-nerved, obtuse or acute at the apex: palet often incurved and persistent on
the rachilla after the fall of the scale.

Palet of the spikelets glabrous on the keels or merely hispidulous : plants perennial.

1. E.ElliotHi.
Palet of the spikelets conspicuously and beautifully ciliate : plants
annual.
Panicle contracted, spike-like, the branches short and appressed. 2. E. ciliaris.
Panicle open, its branches spreading. 3. E. plumosa.

1. E. EUiottii S. Wats. Stems firm, 4-10 dm. tall: leaf-blades 4 dm. long or
less, 3-5 mm. wide: panicle diffuse, 2-5 dm. long, its long slender branches
finally widely spreading or ascending; spikelets 6-13-flowered, 5-10 mm. long,
the flowering scales 1.75-2 mm. long. — Everglades. — F. K. {Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

2. E. ciliaris (L.) Link. Stems 1..5-4 dm. tall: leaf -sheaths usually ciliate on
the margin and with a tuft of long hairs at the apex; blades 2-8 cm. long: panicle
often interrupted below, 3-10 cm. long: spikelets 6-16-flowered, the hairs of
the palet exceeding 0.5 mm. long. — Hammocks and cultivated grounds. — F.
K. {Ber., Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

3. E. plumosa Link. Stems 1^ dm. tall: leaf -sheaths usually ciliate on the
margin and with a tuft of hairs at the apex; blades 2-10 cm. long: panicle
olilong, 4-16 cm. long: spikelets 4-8-flowered, the nerves of the palet ciliate
with hairs about 0.2 mm. long. — Hammocks and cultivated grounds. — F. K.
{Bah., Cuba.)

36. UNIOLA L. Erect or reclining plants with contracted or open
panicles. Spikelets laterally compressed, 2-edged, 3-many-flowered. Scales
6-many, compressed-keeled, sometimes winged, the flowering scales many-
nerved.

1. U. paniculata L. Stems 1-2.5 m. tall: leaf -blades 3 dm. long or more:
panicle 2-3 dm. long or more: spikelets many-flowered, ovate to oval, 12-25
mm. long, the flowering scales 8-10 mm. long. — Coastal sand-dunes. — F. K.
{Bah., Cuba.) — Sea-oats.

37. DISTICHLIS Raf. Tufted, dioecious plants with rigid creeping or
decumbent stems concealed by the overlapping sheaths, and contracted panicles.
Spikelets many-flowered, unisexual, more numerous in the staminate than in the
pistillate panicles, the rachilla articulate in the pistillate spikelets. Scales
many, acute, the flowering scales long and broad, firm, membranous, or nearly
coriaceous.

CYPERACEAE.

25

1. D. spicata (L.) Greene. Stems 1-6 dm. long: leaf-blades 2-4 mm. wide:
panicle 2-(j em. long: spikelets 8-18 mm. long, 6-16-flowered, pale-green, the
flowering scales 3-5 mm. long, acute or acuminate. — Everglades and coastal
sand-dunes. — F, K. {Bah., Cuba, Ant.) — Spike-grass.

Family 2. CYPERACEAE. Sedge Family.

Grass-like or rush-like caulescent or scapose herbs, often with root-
stocks. Stems or scapes solid, or i-arely hollow, often 3-sided or 3-angled.
Leaves with closed sheaths : blades naiTow. Flowers perfect or imperfect,
in spikelets, one (rarely 2), in the axil of each scale (glume, bract), the
spikelets clustered or solitary, 1-many-fIowered. Scales 2-i'anked or
spirally imbricate. .Perianth of bristles, or scale-like parts, or wanting.
Androecium of 1-3 stamens, or rarely more. Gynoecium of 2 or 3 united
carpels. Fruit an achene.

Flowers of the spikelets, at least one of them perfect.

Spikelets perfect, or mainly so, rarely of 2 scales and 1 flower.
Scales of the spikelets 2-ranked : spikelets several or

many together in each spike. 1. Cyperus.

Scales of the spikelets spirally imbricate all around or
2-rauked in Abildgaardia in which each scape is
terminated by one spikelet.
Base of the style not at all, or only slightly, thick-
ened, deciduous.
Perianth of dilated scales and bristles : spikelet-

scales pubescent.
Perianth of bristles only, or wanting : spikelet-
scales glabrous.
Base of the style manifestly swollen, persistent as a
tubercle on the achene, or deciduous.
Perianth present.
Perianth wanting.

Achene not surmounted by a tubercle.

Spikelets terete, the scales spirally im-
bricate.
Spikelets flattened, the scales 2-ranked.
Achene surmounted by a tubercle.

Spikelets in umbels or cymes, without an

imbricate involucre.
Spikelets in a head subtended by an imbri-
cate involucre.
Spikelets polygamous, or rarely of 4 scales and only 1-
flowered.
Scales of the spikelet 2-ranked.
Scales of the spikelets spirally imbricate.
Stigmas 3 : style deciduous.
Inflorescence paniculate.
Inflorescence capitate.
Stigmas 2 ; style persistent.
Flowers monoecious or dioecious.

1. CYPERUS [Tourn.] L. Scapose herbs. Leaves basal: blades narrow.
Scapes, in our species, simple, triangular, and with one or more bracts at the
summit forming an involucre to the umbellate or capitate inflorescence. Eays
of the umbel sheathed at the base, usually very unequal, one or more of the
heads or spikes commonly sessile. Spikelets flat or nearly terete. Perianth
none. Achene not tubercled. — Galingale.

Style-branches or stigmas 2 : achene lenticular.

Scales of tlie spikelets obtuse. 1.

Scales of the spikelets acute or acuminate. 2.

Style-branches or stigmas .3 : achene trigonous.

Rachis of the flattened spikelets persistent, the scales
falling away.
Wings of the rachis none or very narrow.

Stamens 3 : plants annual. 3. 0. comprcssus.

2.

FUIRENA.

3.

SCIRPUS.

4.

Eleocharis.

6.

FlMBRISTYLIS.

Abildgaardia.

7.

Stenophyllds,

8.

DiCHROMENA.

9.

Schoenus.

10.
11.
12.
13.

Mariscus.
Remirea.
Ryxchospora.
Scleria.

C. dctifitif!.

C. paniculatus.

26 CYPERACEAE.

Stamen 1 : plants perennial. 4. C. surinanicnsis.

Wings of the ractiis manifest.

Leaves reduced to pointed slieaths.

Involucral bracts numerous : spikelets broad,

1.5-2 mm. wide, reddish-brown. ">. C. aJternifoUiis.

Involucral bracts mostly 2 : spikelets slender

about 1 mm. wide, pale. 0. C. Haspan.

Leaves with elongate-linear blades. 7. C. rotuiidtts.

Rachis of the spikelets deciduous.

Rachis breaking up into 1-fruited joints : spikelets

nearly terete. 8. C. speciosus.

Rachis deciduous above the lower pair of scales.

Achenes narrowly linear-oblong, 2V2— t times as
long as thick.
Spikelets distinctly flattened, several-many-
flowered. !!. c. Martindalei.
Spikelets nearly terete to a little flattened,
l-few-flowered.
Spikes obovoid, the lower spikelets reflexed.
Spikelets with appressed scales : achenes

about 2 mm. long. Ic C. retrorsus.

Spikelets with lax scales : achenes about

1.5 mm. long. 11. C. Pollardi.

Spikes cylindric. 12. C. Torrcyi.

Achenes oblong to obovoid, not more than twice as
long as thick.
Spikelets with 1-4 achenes.

Rachis wingless or narrowly winged.

L'mbel simple: leaf-blades narrow. 13. C.tetragonus.

Umbel compound: leaf-blades broad. 14. C.Hgularis.

Rachis with broad membranous wings. 15. C. cchinatus.

Spikelets with 5-10 achenes. 16. C. hrunneus.

1. C. densus Link. Annual, 1-7 dm. tall: leaves generally 2 or 4; blades 1-3
mm. wide, smooth: umbel capitate, or 2-4 rays becoming 1-3 cm. long:
spikelets few, linear to linear-lanceolate, 5-8 mm. long, acutish: scales straw-
colored or yellowisli-green, ovate, 2 mm. long: achenes oval or oval-obovoid, 1
mm. long, brown, dull, barely i as long as the scale. [C. helvus Liebm.] —
Hammocks. — {Cuha, Ant.)

2. C. paniculatus Eottb. Annual, 1-4 dm. tall : leaves often 3-6 ; blades 1-4
mm. wide, or sometimes narrower or even filiform, not firm: umbel with 3-8
rays 1-5 cm. long, or rarely nearly capitate: spikelets few, linear or linear-
lanceolate, 6-15 mm. long, acute: scales light chestnut-brown, oblong-lanceo-
late, 2-2.5 mm. long: achenes oblong, fully 1 mm. long, grayish, abruptly
apiculate, fully 4 as long as the scale. — Everglades. — F. K. {Ber., Bah., Cuba,
Ant.)

3. C. compressus L. Annual, with scapes 7-25 cm. long: leaves light-green;
blades about 2 mm. wide : scapes smooth : umbel capitate or with 2-3 short
rays: spikelets narrowly lanceolate, acute, 8-20 mm. long, 3-4 mm. wide, very
flat, many-flowered: scales light-green with a yellow band on each side, ovate,
acuminate: achenes obovoid, obtuse, dull-brown, about J as long as the scale. —
Pinelands. — F. K. (Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

4. C. surinamensis Eottb. Perennial, 2-12 dm. tall: leaves overtopped by the
scape; blades mostly 1.5-4 mm. wide, usually rough along the margins: scapes
rough above: umbels mostly compound, of generally 8-12 rays of various
lengths, several spikes sessile or clustered in the involucre: spikelets oblong or
linear-oblong, 5-12 mm. long, yellow, blunt, 40-50-flowered: scales ovate,
nearly 1.5 mm. long: achenes oblong, about 0.8 mm. long, brown, pinched at
both ends. — Everglades. — (Cuba, Ant.)

5. C. altemifolius L. Perennial 0.5-2 m. tall: leaves without blades: scapes
often tufted: bracts of the involucre numerous, pliable, elongate-linear, spread-
ing or slightly drooping: umbel compound, the longer rays 2.5-9 cm. long or
more: spikelets ovate to linear-oblong, 1.5-2.5 mm. wide; scales spreading:
achenes obovoid, about 0.8 mm. long, brown. — Everglades. Xat. of Africa.
(Ber., Cuba, Ant.) — Umbrella-plant.

CYPERACEAE. 27

6. C. Haspan L. Perennial, 3-10 dm. tall: leaves reduced to membranous
acuminate s^heaths: umbel simple or compound, the longer rays 2-5 cm. long:
spikelets few, capitate, linear, acute, many-flowered, G-12 mm. long, about 1
mm. wide : scales oblong or oblong-lanceolate, reddish-brown, acute, mucronu-
late: rachis winged: acheue broadly obovoid, 0.5-0.7 mm. long, obtuse, nearly
white, much shorter than the scale. — Everglades. — {Cuha, Ant.)

7. C. rotundus L. Perennial, 1-5 dm. tall: leaf -blades 3-6 mm. wide:
umbel 3-S-rayed, the longer rays 5-11 cm. long: spikelets linear, clustered,
few in each cluster, acute, 8-20 mm. long, 2-3 mm. wide: scales purple-brown
or with green margins and center, ovate, acute, appressed: achene linear-oblong,
about 1 mm. long, about A as long as the scale. — Pinelands and hammocks.
{Ber., Bah., Cuba, Ant.) — Nut-gr.\s&,

8. C. speciosus A''ahl. Annual, 1-4 dm. tall: leaf -blades rough-margined, 3-5
mm. wide, the niidvein prominent: umbel 3-7-rayed, the primary rays 2-15 cm.
long: spikes dull-brown: spikelets subterete, very narrowly linear, 8-25 mm.
long, less than 2 mm. thick, 10-30-flowered: scales dull-brown, thin, not
tightly appressed, ovate, obtuse: rachis-wings broad, clasping the achene,
persistent: achene obovoid, barely 1.5 mm. long, pale, 3-angled, about i as
long as the scale. — Everglades. — {Cuba, Ant.)

9. C. Martindalei Britton. Perennial, 2-7 dm. tall: leaves overtopped by the
scape; blades filiform by the revolute margins, smooth: umbel capitate, or
with 1-3 slender rays: spikes globular, 1-2 cm. in diameter: spikelets linear or
linear-subulate, 6—10 mm. long, yellowish-green, densely crowded: scales
broadly oblong, 2-2.5 mm. long, prominently ribbed: achenes oblong, 2 mm.
long or nearly so, brown, dull. — Pinelands. — F. K.

10. C. retrorsus Chapm. Perennial, 4-7 dm. tall : leaves overtopped by the
scape; blades 3-5 mm. wide, sometimes with rough margins and nerves beneath:
umbel simple, of usually 8 slender rays: spikes narrowly obovoid, 1-1.5 cm.
long: spikelets densely crowded, subulate, 3 mm. long, the lower ones becoming
reflexed: scales oblong or nearly so, 2.5-3 mm. long, ribbed, closely appressed:
achenes oblong-prismatic, nearly 2 mm. long, light-brown. — Pinelands.

11. C. Poliardi Britton. Perennial, 6-13 dm. tall: leaves shorter than the
scape; blades usually less than 3 mm. wide: umbel of few unequally peduucled
heads: spikelets 3-4.5 mm. long, the scales loose, or deciduous at maturity:
achenes linear-oblong, about 1.5 mm. long. — Everglades and hammocks. —
{Cuba.)

12. C. Torreyi Britton. Perennial by corms, 1-5 dm. tall: leaf -blades 2-3
mm. wide: umbel simple, the rays short, or the longer 2-7 cm. long: spikes
very dense, cylindric, 5-15 mm. long, 4-8 mm. in diameter, simple: spikelets
3-4 mm. long, flattish, 1-2-flowered, spreading or the lower reflexed: scales
green, oblong: achenes linear-oblong about 1.5 mm. long, apiculate, slightly
more than A as long as the scale. — Pinelands.

13. C. tetragonus Ell. Perennial, 3-8 dm. tall: leaves mostly overtopped by
the sc^pe; blades 4-10 mm. broad, smooth or nearly so: umbel mostly com-
pound, of 6-12 slender erect or ascending rays and one or more spikes sessile
in the involucre: spikelets linear-oblong, plump, 4-6 mm. long, acute, chestnut-
colored, 4-6-flowered, spreading or the lower reflexed : scales oblong, fully 3
mm. long, 9-11-nerved, closely imbricate: achenes oblong or elliptic, 2 mm.
long, chestnut-colored, dull. — Everglades.

14. C. ligularis L. Perennial, 5-12 dm. tall : leaves sometimes overtopping
the scape; sheath colored at the base; blades 6-20 mm. broad, serrulate,
somewhat revolute : umbel compound, of 6-many short rays, often rather
dense, or the rays rarely elongate: spikes cylindric or oblong, 1-2 cm. long:
spikelets 4-6 mm. long, gray to brown, densely crowded, spreading; scales

28 CYPEEACEAE.

oval. 2.5-3 mm. long, blunt, closely imbricate, delicately ribbed: achenes
elliptic or slightly broadest above the middle, 1.5 mm. long, dark-brown, dull.
—Everglades.— F. K. {Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

15. C. echinatus (Ell.) Wood. Perennial, 1-5 dm. tall: leaves pale-green;
blades 3-4 mm. wide: umbel 6-13-rayed: rays filiform, their sheaths short,
mucronate: spikelets 4-8 mm. long, linear, ^at, capitate in globose heads:
scales thin, pale-green, appressed, ovate-lanceolate, acute, 9-13-nerved, with
narrow scarious margins: achene oblong-obovoid, 2 mm. long, about twice as
long as thick. — Pinelands. — {Ber., Ant.)

16. C. brunneus Sw. Perennial, 3-7 dm. tall: leaves overtopped by the scape;
blades 2-7 mm. wide, smooth, sometimes involute: umbel compound, capitate,
or 3-5 of the rays becoming 1-7 cm. long: spikelets linear or linear-lanceolate,
10-15 mm. long, chestnut-colored, densely crowded: scales oval or ovate-oval,
nearly 3 mm. long, often apiculate, conspicuously ribbed: achenes elliptic-
obovoid, fully 1.5 mm. long, dark-brown. [C. Ottonis Boeckl.] — Coastal sand-
dunes. — F. K. (Ber., Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

2. FUIRENA Eottb. Caulescent herbs with many-flowered terete spikelets
in terminal and axillary clusters, or rarely solitary. Scales spirally imbricate,
awned, the 1 or 2 lower commonly empty. Flowers perfect. Perianth of 3
ovate, oblong, or cordate-ovate, stalked, often awned sepals, usually alternating
with as many downwardly barbed bristles. Achene stalked or nearly sessile,
sharply 3-angled, smooth. — Umbrella-grass.

Leaves mere bladeless or nearly bladeless sheaths : stem reclining. 1. F. scirpoidea.
Leaves with well-developed blades : stem erect. 2. F. breviseta.

1. F. scirpoidea Michx. Plants reclining: leaf-blades obsolete or rudimentary:
spikelets not bristly; scales mucronate: sepal-blades oblong-ovate, not ciliate:
achene-body fully 1 mm. long, longer than wide, stipitate. — Everglades.

2. F. breviseta Coville. Plants erect: leaf -blades linear: spikelets bristly;
scales with recurved awn-tips: sepal-blades ovate-cordate, ciliate: achene-
body less than 1 mm. long, fully as wide as long, not stipitate. — Everglades and
low pinelands.

3. SCIRPUS [Tourn.] L. Caulescent or scapose herbs, the leaves some-
times reduced to basal sheaths. Spikelets solitary, capitate, spicate, or umbel-
late, usually involucrate. Scales spirally imbricate, the 1-3 lower sometimes
empty. Flowers perfect. Perianth of 1-6 slender or rigid, barbed, pubescent
or smooth bristles, or rarely none. Achene triangular, lenticular, or plano-
convex.

1. S. validus Vahl. Scapes stout, terete, smooth, 1-3 m. tall, sometimes 2
cm. in diameter, sheathed below: involucral bract solitary, erect, shorter than
the umbel: umbel compound, appearing lateral, its primary rays 3-10 cm.
long: Vjracts linear-lanceolate: spikelets becoming oblong-cylindrie, in mostly
capitate clusters of 2-5, sessile or some of them peduncled, 5-lG mm. long,
3-4 mm. in diameter: perianth-bristles 4-0, downwardly barbed, equalling or
longer than the achene: achenes plano-convex, obovoid, 2-2.5 mm. long, gray,
abruptly mucronate, dull. — Everglades and stream-banks. — (Ber., Bah., Cuba,
Ant.) —Great-bulrush.

4. ELEOCHARIS R. Br. Scapose herbs. Leaves reduced to sheaths or
the lowest very rarely blade-bearing. Scapes simple. Spikelets solitary,
terminal, erect, several-many-flowered, not involucrate or rarely with 2 small
subtending bracts. Scales spiral. Perianth of 1-12 bristles, usually retrorsely

CYPERACEAE. 29

barbed, or wantiug. Base of the style persistent on the achene as a tubercle.

— Spike-rush.

Spikelet scarcely, If at all, thicker than the scape; scales leathery. 1. E. ccUulosa.
Splkelet manifestly thicker than the scape ; scales mostly mem-
branous.

Upper sheath scarious, hyaline : plants perennial. 2. E. flaccida.

Upper sheath l-toothed, not scarious : plants annual. 3. E. capitate.

1. E. cellulosa Torr. Perennial. Scapes obscurely S-angled and invested by
discolored sheaths at the base, terete above, 3-7 dm. tall: spikelet cylindric,
1.5-3 cm. long: scales with white hyaline margins: achene-body broadly obo-
void, copiously pitted, 1..5-2 mm. long, about as long as the bristles; tubercle
deltoid, about i as broad as the widest part of the achene. — Everglades. — F. K.
{Ber., Bah., Cuba.)

2. E. flaccida (Spreng.) Urban. Scapes very slender, pale-green, 0..5-2.5 dm.
tall : upper sheath with a white, hyaline, scarious limb : spikelet subacute, 2-3
times as thick as the scape, about 4 mm. long: scales pale-green, hyaline, each
with a faint midvein: perianth-bristles about (i, slender, retrorsely barbed,
somewhat longer than the achene: achene-body 0.7-1 mm. long, lenticular,
obovoid, smooth, brown; tubercle conic, acute. \_E. ochreata (Nees) Steud.]
— Coastal sand-dunes. — {Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

3. E. capitata (L.) R. Br. Scapes tufted, almost filiform, 0.5-2.5 dm. tall:
upper sheath l-toothed: spikelet ovoid, obtuse, much thicker than the scape,
3-5 mm. long: scales brown except the greenish midvein, narrowly scarious-
margined: perianth-bristles 5-8, slender, downwardly hispid, as long as the
achene: achene-body obovoid, jet-black, smooth, shining, 1 mm. long; tubercle
depressed, apiculate. — Everglades. — F. K. {Ber., Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

5. FIMBRISTYLIS Vahl. Scapose herbs. Spikelets umbellate or capi-
tate, terete, several-many-flowered, the scales spiral, all fertile, deciduous.
Involucre with 1-many bracts. Perianth none. Style with an enlarged base,
but falling away from the top of the achene.

Achenes cancellate in many rows : style short-ciliate. 1. F. castanea.

Achenes longitudinally ribbed and reticulate : style long-ciliate. 2. F. Harperi.

1. F. castanea (Michx.) Vahl. Plants without scaly rootstocks: leaves few;
blades involute, less than 2 mm. wide: scapes 2-5 dm. tall: spikelets oblong,
6-10 mm. long: achenes obovoid or oblong, 1.5 mm. long. — Everglades. — F. K.
{Ber., Bah., Cuba.)

2. F. Harperi Britton. Plants with scaly rootstocks: leaves rather numerous;
blades flat or involute, mostly 2-3 mm. wide: scapes 3-6 dm. tall: spikelets
cylindric in age, 8-14 mm. long: achenes obovoid or oblong-obovoid, about 1.5
mm. long. — Coastal sand-dunes.

6. ABILDGAAEDIA Vahl. Acaulescent herbs. Leaf -blades narrow,
commonly involute. Scapes tufted, jointless, simple. Involucre of a single
small bract. Spikelets solitary or several in terminal umbels or clusters, pale :
scales imbricate in 2 rows, or in 3 rows by the twisting of the rachis, deciduous.
Perianth wanting. Style pubescent, with a swollen base, deciduous. Achenes
3-angled, warty.

1. A. monostachya (L.) Vahl. Leaf-blades nearly filiform above the dis-
colored bases, slightly involute, sharp-pointed: scapes tufted, very slender or
filiform, 1-4 dm. tall, erect, smooth: bracts of the involucre much shorter than
the spikelets, inconspicuous: spikelet solitary or sometimes 2 together, flattened,
ovoid or conic, 1-1.5 cm. long, pale: achenes slightly pear-shaped, 2-2.5 mm.
long, yellowish-white, often apiculate. — Pinelands. — F. K. {Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

30 CYPERACEAE.

7. STENOPHYLLUS Eaf. Scapose tufted herbs. Leaves basal: blades
narrowly linear, filiform or setaceous, the sheaths ciliate or pubescent. Spike-
lets umbellate, capitate, or solitary, the scales spiral, niostlj- deciduous.
Involucre of 1-several bracts. Flowers perfect. Perianth none. Style gla-
brous, the base much swollen and persistent as a tubercle on the achene.

Leaf-blades eciliate : achenes about 1 mm. long. 1. S. coarctatua.

Leaf-blades ciliate : achenes about 0.5 mm. long. 2. S. Carteri.

1. S. coarctatus (Ell.) Britton. Scapes 2-3 dm. tall, smooth: umbel con-
tracted: spikelets linear-oblong, 10-15-flowered: achenes obovoid, about 1 mm.
long. — Pinelands.

2. S. Carteri Britton. Scapes 1-1.5 dm. tall, scabrous near the top: umbel
not contracted : spikelets ovoid or nearly so, few-flowered : achenes broadly
obovoid, about 0.5 mm. long. — Pinelands.

8. DICHROMENA Michx. Caulescent herbs with the spikelets crowded
in a terminal head involucrate by several bracts, which are often white at the
base. Spikelets compressed, several-many-flowered. Scales spirally imbri-
cate all around, several of them with imperfect flowers, or empty. Perianth
none. Style subulate. Achene lenticular, transversely rugose, crowned with
the broad persistent base of the style (tubercle). — White-top.

Bracts of the involucre 4-6, linear : tubercle truncate on top of the achene.

Leaves filiform above the dilated base : achenes dark ; tubercle low, blunt.

1. D. fforidensis.
Leaves linear above the dilated base: achenes pale; tubercle

long, acute. 2. D. colorata.

Bracts of the involucre 7-10, lanceolate : tubercle decurrent on the

sides of the achene. 3. D. latifoUa.

1. D. floridensls Britton. Stems copiously tufted, 2-4 dm. tall, slender: leaf-
blades involute-filiform: bracts of the involucre attenuate: heads about 1 cm.
in diameter: spikelets oblong: scales pale: achene-body obovoid, slightly over
1 mm. long, dark-brown, finely wrinkled. — Pinelands.

2. D. colorata (L.) A. Hitchc. Stem slender, rather sharply triangular, 3-6
dm. tall: leaf -blades narrowly linear, much shorter than the stem: bracts of
the involucre reflexed when mature, yellowish-white at the base: head globose,
1-2 cm, in diameter: spikelets narrowly oblong, acute: scales membranous,
lanceolate, nearly white, subacute: achene-body obovoid, a little over 1 mm,
long, pale-brown, compressed. — Everglades and low pinelands. — F, K, (Ber.,
Bah., Cuha, Ant.)

3. D, latifolia Baldw, Similar to No. 2, but stem stouter, obtusely triangular
or nearly terete: leaf-blades lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, tapering gradually
to a long acuminate apex from a broad base, 3-8 mm, wide, sometimes over-
topping the stem: bracts of the involucre strongly reflexed when old: head
globose, 1-2 cm, in diameter: spikelets oblong, subacute: scales ovate-lanceo-
late, nearly white, rather obtuse: achene-body nearly orbicular in outline, a
little over 1 mm. long, pale-brown, faintly wrinkled transversely and longi-
tudinally so as to appear reticulated. — Everglades.

9. SCHOENUS L. Acaulescent rush-like herbs. Leaf-sheaths dark-col-
ored; blades resembling the scapes, half -terete. Spikes in a terminal cluster,
1-8-flowered, subtended by an involucre of 1-2 bracts. Spikelets crowded,
often dark-colored: scales imbricate in 2 rows, per.sistent. Perianth of 3-6
scabrous or plumose bristles. Styles barely enlarged at the base, almost
wholly deciduous. Achene 3-angled, smooth.

CYPERACEAE. 31

1. S. nigricans L. Leaf-shoaths dark-brown or almost black at the base;
blades erect, rigid, pungent: scapes tufted, 2-6 dm. tall: bracts of the invo-
lucre 2, the lower one surpassing the inflorescence : head about 1 em. long,
dark chestnut-colored: spikelets flattened, 6-8-flo\vered, narrowed upward:
perianth-bristles 6, unequal, somewhat plumose: achenes oval, white and
polished, about 2 mm. long. — Everglades, — F. K. {Bah., Cuba.)

10. MARISCUS [Hall.] Zinn. Caulescent, often large, herbs. Leaves
with rough margins. Spikelets oblong to fusiform, few-flowered, variously clus-
tered. Scales spiral, the loAver empty, the middle ones mostly subtending im-
perfect flowers, the upper with fertile flowers. Perianth none. Style de-
ciduous. Achene ovoid or globose, smooth or longitudinally striate, without a
tubercle. [Cladiuin P. Br.]

1. M. jamaicense (Crantz) Britton. Stems 1.5-3 m. high: leaf -blades very gla-
brous, 6-20 mm. wide, the margins spinulose-serrulate: umbels several or
numerous, decompound, forming a large panicle: spikelets mostly 2-5 together
at the ends of the raylets, narrowly ovoid, acute, 4-5 mm. long: achene ovoid,
wrinkled, 2 mm. long. [C. effusiim (Sw.) Torr.] — Everglades and limesinks
in pinelands and hammocks. — F. K. (Ber., Bali., Cuha, Ant.) — Saw-grass.

11. REMEREA Aubl. Caulescent herbs. Leaves imbricate: blades nar-
row, rigid. Involucre with numerous bracts, the outer spreading. Flowers
perfect. Spikelets numerous, capitate, 1-flowered. Scales about 4, imbricate.
Perianth wantiug. Style barely enlarged below, the base continuous with the
ovary. Achenes 3-angled, tightly enclosed in the inner scales. — Tuft-grass.

1. R. maritima Aubl. Stems 0.5-3 dm. tall, densely leafy, simple: leaves
numerous; blades linear or linear-lanceolate, 2-10 cm. long, attenuate, slightly
involute, smooth: bracts of the involucre resembling the leaves: spike 1-1.5
cm. long, ovoid, sometimes compound: spikelets 3-5 mm. long: achenes nar-
rowly oblong, 2.5-3 mm. long, often curved, apiculate, rather granular. —
Coastal sand-dunes. — F. K. {Ant.)

12. RYNCHOSPORA Vahl. Caulescent herbs. Leaves not imbricate:
blades narrow, flat, or involute. Spikelets not capitate, ovoid, oblong, or fusi-
form. Scales thin, 1-nerved, imbricate, usually mucronate by the excurrent
midvein. Upper flowers imperfect, the lower perfect. Perianth of 1-24
(mostly 6) upwardly or downwardly barbed or scabrous bristles, or wanting.
Achene lenticular or swollen, not 3-angled, smooth, cancellate or transversely
wrinkled, capped with the persistent tubercle. — Beak-rush.

Stylo long, its branches much shorter than the united lower part.
Spikelets in 1-4 dense globular heads : achenes with a slender

tubercle. ]. R. Tracyl.

Spikelets in panlcled clusters : achenes with a stout tubercle. 2. R. corniculata.
Style short, its branches as long as the united part or longer.

Perianth-bristles wanting. 3. R. divergens.

Perianth-bristles present.

Achene smooth or cancellate, not transverse-wrinkled.
Leaf -blades broadly linear, blunt or merely acute :

achene 1.5 mm. long. 4. R. cUiata.

Leaf-blades narrowly linear, attenuate : achenes 2.5

mm. long. 5. R. Orayi.

Achene transverse-wrinkled.

Perianth-bristles shorter than the achene.

Achene 1 mm. long ; tubercle depressed, wider

than high. G. R. perplexa.

Achene 1.5 mm. long; tubercle conic, about as

high as wide. 7. R. cymosa.

Perianth-bristles about as long as the achene or
longer.

32 CYPERACEAE.

Achene not stipitate.

Tubercle setose. 8. R. caduca.

Tubercle not setose. 9. R. viiliacea.

Achene stipitate. 10. R. stipitata.

1. E. Tracyi Britton. Stems 5-12 dm. tall: leaf -blades channeled, 4-8 mm.
wide, straight, erect or ascending: heads 1-6, globose 1-2 cm. in diameter:
spikelets lanceolate, 5-6 mm. long, acuminate, pale: scales often 9. the fourth
one fertile: perianth-bristles 6, very slender: achene-body flat, obovoid or
cuneate-obovoid, 2.5-3 mm. long, minutely wrinkled, ciliate, exceeded by the
bristles; tubercle subulate, fully twice as long as the achene-body. — Ever-
glades.— {Bah., Cuia.)

2. R. comiculata (Lam.) A. Gray. Stems smooth, 1-2 m. tall: leaf -blades
flat, 6-16 mm. wide, rough-margined: umbels sometimes 2-5 dm. broad:
spikelets spindle-shaped, much over 1 cm. long when mature, clustered at the
ends of the rays and raylets : scales lanceolate, thin, acute, light-brown :
perianth-bristles about 6, rigid, upwardly scabrous: 1-2.5 cm. long, much
exserted beyond the scales when mature: achene-body obovoid, flat, 4-6 mm.
long, dark-brown, smooth. — Everglades.

3. R. divergens M. A. Curtis. Stems densely tufted, filiform or wiry, 1-4 dm.
tall: leaf -blades very slender: spikelets elliptic to ovoid-elliptic, 3-3.5 mm.
long, acute, in loose or rarely somewhat contracted corymbs: perianth-bristles
wanting: achene-body plump-lenticular, orbicular-obovoid, pale, 0.5-0.8 mm.
long, reticulate, pinched at the base; tubercle depressed, sessile. — Everglades.
— F. K. {Bah., Cuba.)

4. R. ciliata (Michx.) Yahl. Stems not densely tufted, 3-8 dm. tall: leaf-
blades broadly linear, 5-8 mm. wide, ciliate, glaucous, blunt or merely acute:
spikelets narrowly ovoid or lanceolate, 5-6 mm. long, usually aggregated into
a solitary terminal capitate cluster: achene-body lenticular, cancellate, oval
or orbicular-oval, 1.5 mm. long; tubercle rather depressed, conic, exceeding the
bristles.-^Pinelands.

5. R. Grasri Kunth. Stems often solitary, 3-7 dm. tall: leaf -blades mostly 2-3
mm. wide, attenuate: spikelets ovoid, 5-6 mm. long, chestnut-colored, aggre-
gated into usually 2-4 capitate clusters: achene-body lenticular, plump, cancel-
late, obovoid, or broadly oblong, 2-5 mm. long, dark-brown; tubercle de-
pressed-conic, overtopped by the bristles. — Pinelands.

6. R. perplexa Britton. Stems 5-11 dm. tall, often tufted: leaf-blades flat,
1-2.5 mm. wide, usually much elongate: spikelets ovoid or orbicular-ovoid,
about 2 mm. long, in a terminal and 1 or several axillary lax or rarely slightly
congested corymbs on very slender peduncles: scales brown, blunt or merely
acute: achene-body biconvex, not constricted under the tubercle, about 1 mm.
long; tubercle depressed, wider than high, exceeding the bristles. — Pinelands.
— {Bah.)

7. R. cymosa (Michx.) Ell. Stems tufted, 3-8 dm. tall: leaf -blades flat, 3-4
mm. wide or the basal ones broader: spikelets ovoid-oblong, acute, 3 mm.
long, sessile or nearly so, capitate in 2 's-7 's on the ultimate branches of the
axillary and terminal clusters: scales dark-brown, broadly ovate: achene-body
broadly obovoid or oblong-obovoid, lenticular, 1.5 mm. long, transversely
wrinkled; tubercle conic, about as high as wide, exceeding the bristles. —
Pinelands. — {Cuba, Ant.)

8. R. caduca Ell. Stems often loosely tufted, 8-15 dm. tall: leaf-blades 4-10
mm. wide: spikelets ovoid, about 4 mm. long, numerous in 4-6 compound
corymbs: achene-body lenticular, orbicular-obovoid, about 1.5 mm. long, finely
transversely wrinkled: tubercle setose, conic, exceeded by the bristles. — Ever-
glades and coastal sand-dunes.

CYPERACEAE. 33

9. R. miliacea (Lam.) A. Gray. Steins loosely tufted, 6-1.5 dm. tall: leaf-
hlades 3-S nun. wide: sjjikelets numerous, ovoid, 2.5-3 mm. long, peduneled,
in 6-8 open spreading corymbs: achene-body lenticular, obovoid or oval, fully
1 nun. or rarely nearly 1.5 nun. long, pale, transversely wrinkled ; tubercle
smooth, depressed-conic, exceeding the bristles. — Everglades. — (Ctiba.)

10. R. stipitata Chapm. Stems tufted, 8-10 dm. tall: leaf-blades conspicu-
ously elongate, 4-10 nun. wide: sfTikelets 7-8 mm. long, narrowly ovoid,
numerous, in 4-5 compound drooping corymbs: achene-body lenticular, orbicu-
lar-obovoid, stalked, about 1.5 mm. long, finely transversely wrinkled, less than
i as long as the bristles; tubercle depressed, setose. — Everglades and low pine-
lands. — {Bcr.)

13. SCLERIA Berg. Caulescent herbs. Spikelets small, clustered in
terminal, or in terminal and axillary fascicles, or sometimes interruptedly
glomerate-spicate. Flowers monoecious. Fertile spikelets 1-flowered. Stami-
nate spikelets many-flowered. Scales imbricate. Perianth none. Ovary sup-
ported by a disk (hypogynium), or this wanting. Achenes globose or ovoid,
obtuse, erustaceous or bony, white in our species. — Nut-rush.

Inflorescence of 1 or several terminal or lateral clusters : plants perennial
Inflorescence a single terminal cluster : hypogynium wanting.
Achenes 2-S mm. long, obtuse, with 2 pits in each side

of the 3-angled base. 1. 8. firarilis.

Achenes 4 mm. long, acute, without pits. 2. »S'. liatdicinli.

Inflorescence of terminal and axillary clusters.
Achene smooth.

Hypogynium present, 3-angled : leaf-blades 3-9 mm.

wide. 3. S. trif/lomerata.

Hypogynium wanting : leaf-blades 1.5-2.5 mm. wide. 4. 8. Hthosperma.
Achene reticulate, ridged or papillose.

Achene reticulate or irregularly ridged. 5. S. setacea.

Achene papillose.

Hypogynium supporting 3 entire emarginate or 2-

lobed tubercles. r>. 8. cilinia.

Hypogynium supporting 6 distinct tubercles. 7. N. puvri flora.

Inflorescence interruptedly glomerate-spicate : plants annual. 8. »S'. vcrticiHata.

1. S. gracilis Ell. Perennial. Stems very slender, 2—4 dm. tall, smooth:
leaf-blades involute, filiform, smooth: achenes ovoid, 2-3 mm. long, obtuse,
shining or dull, distinctly ribbed lengthwise, with 2 pits on each side of the
triangular base. — Everglades. — (Cuba.)

2. S. Baldwinii Steud. Stems relatively stout, 3-10 dm. tall, often rough
above: leaf-blades linear, 2-5 mm. broad, or sometimes narrower, smooth or
somewhat scabrous: achenes ovoid, about 4 mm. long, smooth and even (longi-
tudinally ribbed in S. Baldwinii costata), dull, apiculate, obscurely triangu-
lar, without pits at the triangular base. — Pinelands. — (Cuba.)

3. S. triglomerata Michx. Stems 4-10 dm. tall: leaf-blades flat, glabrous or
nearly so, 3-9 mm. wide, the upper attenuate: achenes ovoid or ovoid-globose,
above the hypogynium, obtuse, bony, obscurely 3-angled, smooth, bright-white,
shining, about 2 mm. high; hypogynium low, obtusely triangular, papillose-
crustaceous. — Pinelands.

4. S. lithosperma (L.) Sw. Stems 3-6 dm. long: leaf -blades narrowly linear,
1.5-2.5 mm. wide, with scabrous-ciliate margins and keel; achenes obovoid or
oblong, about 1.5 mm. long, smooth and glossy, Avithout pores; hypogynium
wanting. — Hammocks. — (Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

5. S. setacea Poir. Stems sometimes spreading, 2-7 dm. long, smooth:
leaf-blades linear, 2-4.5 mm. wide, usually with cartilaginous marginal ribs,
rather abruptly pointed : bracts glabrous : achenes globose or slightly de-
pressed above the 3-lobed appressed hypogj'nium, 2-2.5 mm. in diameter, regu-
larly reticulate, somewhat pubescent. — Pinelands. — {Cuba, Ant.)

Flora of Miami 3

34 AEECACEAE.

6. S. ciliata Miohx. Stems 3-6 dm. tall, pubescent especially on the angles
above: leaf -blades narrowly linear, very variable in width: bracts ciliate:
achenes subglobose or globose-ovoid, 3 mm. long, acute, roughened by unequal
projections or short ridges, those near the base longer and deflexed: hypogyn-
ium a narrow obtusely 3-angled border supporting 3 entire or 2-lobed
tubercles. — Pinelands. — (Cuba, Ant.)

7. S. pauciflora Muhl. Stems 2-5 dm. tall: leaf-blades narrowly linear, less
than 2 mm. wide, the upper elongate and often overtopping the stem: spike-
lets in a small terminal cluster and in 1 or 2 axillary ones: achenes globular,
1.5-2 mm. in diameter, papillose, the lower papillae elongated and retlexed:
hypogynium a narrow obtusely triangular border supporting 6 distinct
tubercles. — Everglades. — (Cuba.)

8. S. verticillata Muhl. Stems 1-5 dm. tall: leaf -blades very narrowly linear,
0.5-1 mm. wide, erect, weak, shorter than the stem: spikelets in several
separated clusters: achenes globose, fully 1 mm. in diameter, with short trans-
verse ridges or somewhat reticulate: hypogvnium none. — Everglades. — {Bah.,
Cuba.)

Order ARECALES.

Shinibs or trees, "with a single terminal bud. Leaves at^ the end of the
stem: blades plaited, pinnate or flabellate. FloAvers perfect, polygamous,
or dioecious, on axillary compound spadiees. Perianth of 6 fleshy mem-
bers in 2 series. Androecium of 6, or 9-12 stamens. Gynoecium of 3
distinct or united carpels. Fruit drupaceous or baccate. Seeds usually
hollow.

Family 1. AEECACEAE. Palm Family.

Stem with a tenninal crown of leaves, or in the case of climbing
plants with remote leaves. Inflorescence at first included in a large bract
(spathe), from which it ultimately protrudes.

Leaves with flabellately parted or cleft blades, fan-shaped.

Calyx and corolla united into a 6-lobed or truncate cup, or obsolete.

1. COCCOTHBIXAX.

Calyx and corolla distinct and manifestly in 2 series.

St.yle or stigma basal on the drupe. 2. Sab.^L.

Style or stigma terminal on the drupe. 3. Serenoa.

Leaves with pinnately divided blades, pinnate.

Drupe with the style or stigmas nearly basal : stamens

exserted. 4. Roystonea.

Drupe with the style or stigmas terminal : stamens Included. 5. Cocos.

1, COCCOTHRINAX Sarg. Unarmed shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades
flabellate silvery or pale-scurfy beneath: petioles smooth. Spadix relatively
short. Stamens mostly 9: filaments distinct or nearly so. Style funnelform.
Drupe black or purple-black.

1. C. argentea (Lodd.) Sarg. A tree liecoming 8 m. tall: leaf -blades 5-8 dm.
broad, the ligule 2-3 cm. broad: spadix 5-7.5 dm. long: drupe 12-18 mm.
thick. [C. jucunda Sarg., C. Garberi (Chapm.) Sarg.] — Pinelands. — F. K.
(Ball., Cuba, Ant.) — Silver-palm.

2. SABAL Adans. Unarmed shrubs with horizontal or contorted root-
stocks, or trees. Leaf-blades flabellate, glabrous. Spadix elongate. Seed
spheroidal. — Palmetto.

Stem subterranean : drupes over 10 mm. in diameter. 1. 8. Etonia.

Stem erect : drupes less than 10 mm. In diameter. 2. B. Palmetto.

AEACEAE. 35

1. S. Etonia Swingle. Stem horizontal, S-shaped: leaf-blades deep-green, the
segments copiously filiferous: spadix erect or ascending: anthers about 2 mm.
long: seeds 10-13 mm. -wide. [S. megacarpa (Chapm.) Small.] — Pinelands. —
Scrub-palmetto.

2. S. Palmetto (Walt.) E. & S. Stem 28 m. tall. Leaf -blades cordate at
the base; ligules about 10 cm. long: spadix spreading or drooping: anthers
about 1.5 mm. long: seeds 5-7 mm. wide. — Everglades, hammocks and pine-
lands. — F. K. {Bah., Cuba.) — Cabbage-palmetto. Cabbage-tree.

3. SERENOA Hook. Armed shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades flabellate,
cordate' at the base: petioles with recurved spines. Stamens unequal, those
opposite the petals with broad filaments, those alternate with petals with
narrow filaments. Drupe and seed oblong.

1. S. serrulata (Michx.) Hook. Rootstock elongate: stem horizontal or some-
times erect, becoming 2-7 m. tall: leaf-blades suborbicular, green or glau-
cous, 3-S dm. broad, cordate at the base; petioles with firm spines: petals
4-4.5 mm. long: drupes 15-25 mm. long. — Everglades, hammocks and pine-
lands. — F. K. — Saw-palmetto.

4. ROYSTONEA O. F. Cook. Unarmed trees. Leaf-blades pinnate:
petiole nearly terete above, the sheathing bases very long. Spadix pendulous.
Petals valvate. Seeds reniform.

1. R. regla (H.B.K.) O. F. Cook. A stately tree 30 m. tall, the trunk fusi-
form: leaf-blades 2.5-3.5 m. long, the larger segments 7-9 dm. long: perianth,
of the staminate flowers 6-7 mm. long, that of the pistillate barely i as large •-
drupes 12-14 mm. long, violet-blue. — Hammocks. — {Cuba, Ant.) — Royal-palm..

5. COCOS L. Unarmed trees. Leaf -blades pinnate: petioles rounded on
the back, the sheathing bases short. Spadix ultimately drooping. Sepals and
petals of the staminate flowers valvate, those of the pistillate flowers imbri-
cate. Drupe 3-angled, with a fibrous pericarp and a bony endocarp.

1. C. nucifera L. A stately tree 30 m. tall: leaf -blades 3-5 m. long, the
numerous segments 5-7 dm. long: perianth of the staminate flowers fully
1 cm. long, that of the pistillate larger: drupes oval or ovoid, 2-3 dm. long:
endosperm enclosing a milky juice. — Coastal sand-dunes and hammocks.
Naturalized. — F. K. {Bah., Cuba, Ant.) — Cocoanut. Coco-palm.

Order ARALES.

Perennial, frequently bog or aquatic, herbs, in Lemnaceae, mere
floating thalloid bodies. Leaves mainly basal. Flowers complete or in-
complete, borne on a spadix accompanied by a spathe, or in Lemnaceae
1 or few in a pouch in the plant-body. Perianth inconspicuous or want-
ing. Fruit baccate or utricular.

Family 1. ARACEAE. Arum Family.

Flesliy, mostly acaulescent, plants. Leaves with simple or divided
blades. Flowers perfect, monoecious, or dioecious. Perianth of 4-6 scale-
like members, or wanting. Androecium of 4—10 stamens. Gynoecium of
1, or of several, united carpels.

36 XYRIDACEAE.

1. PELTANDRA Raf. Tufted herbs with rootstocks. Leaf-blades of a
hastate or sagittate type. Scapes recurved at maturity. Flowers monoecious,
Spadix completely covered with flowers. Stamens 6-10. Spathe green or
white. Fruits green or red.

1. P. virginica (L.) Kunth. Leaf- blades sagittate or hastate, with several
prominent lateral ribs: spathes 8-20 em. long, the edges crisped: spadix
included, 3^ pistillate, f staminate: fruits mostly over 1 em. thick. — Everglades.
— Arrow-arum.

Order XYRIDALES.

Terrestrial, commonly bog, herbs, or epij^bytes in Bromeliaceae.
Leaves often basal: blades prevailingly narrow. Inflorescence usually not
a spadix, but often with a spathe-like bract or a spathe. Flowers mostly
complete. Corolla regiilar or nearly so (except in some genera of COM-
MELiNACEAE, PoxTEDERiACEAE and Bromeliaceae) . GynoBcium compound,
superior or rarely inferior. Fruit a capsule or utricle, or baccate.

Ovary 1-celled, with parietal placentae : inflorescence without a spathe.

Fam. 1. Xykidaceae.
Ovary 2-3-celled, if incompletely so or if nearly 1-celled
then the flowers in a spathe.
Flowers minute, monoecious or dioecious, in dense

heads each seated in an imbricated involucre. Fam. 2. Eriocaulaceae.

Flowers conspicuous or relatively so, perfect.

Terrestrial or aquatic plants : foliage not scurfy :
stigmas united.
Calyx and corolla free, of very different mem-
bers : stamens free. Fam. 3. Commelinaceae.
Calyx and corolla of quite similar members and
partially united : stamens partially adnate

to the perianth. Fam. 4. roNTEDERiACEAE.

Epiphytes (our species), with scurfy foliage:

stigmas 3. Fam. 5. Bromeliaceae.

Family 1. XYRIDACEAE. Yellow-eyed grass Family.

Leaves basal : blades thickish. Flowers perfect, in a compact tenninal
spike. Sepals 3, the two lateral ones firm, keeled and often appendaged,
persistent, the third larger, deciduous. Petals 3, fugacious : anthers
linear. Androecium of 3 stamens usually alternating with 3 staminodia.
Gynoecium 3-carpellary. Fniit a capsule.

1. XYRIS [Gronov.] L. Rigid plants with basal equitant leaves and a
terminal spike with indurated bracts. — Yellow-eyed grass.

Lateral sepals included.

Spikes ovoid, oval or globular ; bracts in several series. 1. X. communis.

Spikes oblong to conic-oblong; bracts in many series. 2. X. data.
Lateral sepals exserted.

Corolla yellow : upper part of the scape and the spike green. ?,. X. arenicola.

Corolla white : upper part of the scape and the spike glaucous. 4. A', pallesccns.

1. X. communis Kunth. Leaves gradually attenuate, shorter than the scapes:
scapes 2-7 dm. tall, 2-edged above: spikes oval or globular, 8-1.5 mm. long:
bracts closely imbricate in few series: lateral sepals 3-4 mm. long; wing nar-
rower than the sepal-body, erose- or incised-toothed above the middle. —
Pinelands. — (Cuba, Ant.)

2. X. elata Chapm. Leaves few, 2-6 dm. long: scapes 3-12 dm. tall, 2-edged
above: spikes oblong to conic-oblong, 16-23 mm. long: bracts numerous,
closely imbricate in many series: lateral sepals 4-.5 mm. long; wing narrow,
toothed above the midille. — Low pinelands.

ERIOCAULACEAE. 37

3. X. arenicola Small. Leaves with dark dilated bases, 1-4 dm. long, usually
spirally twisted: scapes 3-7 dm. tall, somewhat flattened above, spirally
twisted: spikes cylindric or eonic-oblong, 1.5-3 cm. long, often acute: lateral
sepals 8-12 mm. long; fringe of the wing lirni: corolla yellow. — Pinelands.
— F. K.

4. X. pallescens (C. Mohr) Small. Leaves few, accompanied by the persistent
purple or brown bases of those of previous years, 2-4 dm. long, spirally
twisted: scapes 3-6 dm. tall, spirally twisted, 2-edged above: spikes oblong or
conic-oblong, 1-1.5 cm. long: lateral sepals 6.5-9 mm. long, very delicate,
narrow; fringe of the wing delicate: corolla white. — Pinelands and open
hammocks.

Family 2. ERIOCAULACEAE. Pipewort Family.

Perennial and perhaps rarely annual, mostly acaulescent, bog or
aquatic herbs. Leaves clustered : blades naiTow. Scapes simple, subtended
by sheathing bracts. Flowers monoecious (androgynous), or rarely dioe-
cious, densely crowded in a tenninal involucrate head. Perianth in 2
series (the inner rarely obsolete). Staminate flowers with as many stamens
as the sepals or twice as many. Pistillate flowers with a 2-3-celled ovary.
Fruit a capsule.

Stamens 2 or 3, as many as the sepals: petals glandless. 1. Lachnocadlon.

Stamens 4-6, twice as many as the sepals : petals each with a

prominent gland. 2. Ebiocaulon.

1. LACHNOCAULON Kunth. Staminate flowers: sepals 3; petals obso-
lete; stamens 3; filaments united below, coalescent with a rudimentary corolla
or pistil, this with 3 lobes at the top; anthers 1-celled. Pistillate flowers:
sepals 3 ; petals obsolete.— Hairy-pipewort.

1. L, glabrum Korn. Leaf-blades spreading and ascending, linear-attenuate,
4-5 cm. long, glabrous: scape 15-30 cm. tall, twisted, glabrous: heads white,
3-4 mm. thick: bractlets and sepals ciliate. — Pinelands.

2. ERIOCAULON [Gronov.] L. Staminate flowers: sepals 2-3; petals

2-3, each with a gland; stamens usually 4-6; filaments distinct. Pistillate

flowers: sepals as in the staminate flowers; petals much reduced and narrow;

stamens wanting. — Pipewort.

Sheath at the base of the scape surpassing the leaves, except in the case of sub-
merged plants. 1- E. coniiircssum.
Sheath at the base of the scape surpassed by the leaves, or
some of them.
Heads 10-16 mm. thick : bractlets. sepals and petals ciliate :

bractletg acute. 2. E. decangulare.

Heads 3-5 mm. thick : bractlets, sepals and petals glabrous :

bractlets obtuse. 3. E. Ravenelii.

1. E. compressum Lam. Leaves ascending-spreading; blades 2-12 cm. long,
flaccid, longitudinally striate: scapes 2-10 dm. tall, 10-12-ridged: heads
spheroidal, over 10 mm. thick: petals of the staminate flowers ciliate-fimbriate
at the apex or above the middle. — Everglades.

2. E. decangulare L. Leaves erect or ascending; blades 10-50 cm. long,
rather firm, finely many-striate, obtuse: scape stout, 3-10 dm. tall, 10-14-
ridged: heads globular, 10-16 mm. thick: bracts of the involucre acute:
bractlets, sepals, and petals ciliate, or pubescent on the back. — Everglades.

3. E. Kavenelii Chapm. Leaves various, the smaller spreading, the larger
ascending or erect; blades 2-13 cm. long, pellucid, attenuate-acute: scapes

38 PONTEDERIACEAE.

very slender, 4-30 cm. tall, 5-6-ridged: heads spheroidal, 3-5 mm. thick;
bracts of the involucre obtuse: bractlets, sepals, and petals glabrous. — Ever-
glades and low pinelands.

Fahilt 3. COMMELINACEAE. Spiderwort Family.

Annual or perennial caulescent succulent herbs. Leaves alternate,
sheathing at the base. Flowers i^erfect, the mostly umbel-like cymes
involucrate. Calyx of 3 persistent herbaceous sepals. Corolla of 3 equal
or unecjual delicate petals. Androecium of 5-6 stamens, sometimes 2 or 3
mere staminodia. Gynoecium 2-3-carpellary. Styles i;nited. Fruit a
loculicidally 2-3-valved capsule.

Petals all alike: polleniferous stamens 6. 1. Rhaeo.

Petals unequal in size and shape : polleniferous stamens 3 or 2. 2. Commblina.

1. RHAEO Hauce. Leaves erect or nearly so, stiff, crowded: blades con-
tracted above the sheathing base. Cymes congested, borne in an involucre of
imbricate boat-like bracts. Petals equal, not clawed. Capsule sessile.

1. R. discolor (L'Her.) Hanee. Leaves 2-4 dm. tall; blades very thick,
broadly linear, acute, often purple, especially so beneath: flower-stalks clustered:
spathes 3-4 em. long: petals white or blue, 5-8 mm. long: capsules 4-5 mm.
long. — Pinelands and cultivated grounds. Nat. of Mex., and cultivated. —
(Bah., Cuba. Ant.)

2. COMMELINA [Plum.] L. Leaf-blades spreading, relatively short.
Cymes borne in a specialized folded involucre. Perianth irregular. Stamens
3 or rarely 2. Capsules hidden in the spathe. — Day-flower. Dew-flower.

Leaf-blades linear to narrowly linear-lanceolate : leaf-sheaths glabrous or nearly so.
Rootstocks and roots abbreviated, the latter slender-fusi-
form: internodes below the sheath pubescent or scabrous. 1. C. hamipila.
Rootstocks and roots elongate, the latter cord-like : inter-
nodes below the sheaths glabrous. 2. C. angustifolia.
Leaf-blades lanceolate, elliptic or oblong-lanceolate : leaf-sheath

hirsute. 3. C. elegans.

1. C. hamipila Wright. Stem or brauches 1-4 dm. long, from a cluster of
fusiform roots: leaf-blades linear or narrowly linear-lanceolate, attenuate:
spathe about 2 cm. long, acuminate: capsules about 5 mm. long. [C. Stving-
leana Nash.] — Pinelands. — F. K. (Cuha.)

2. C. angustifolia Michx. Stem or branches 2-8 dm. long, from cord-like
roots: leaf-blades linear, sometimes narrowly so, flat, attenuate: spathes 2-2.5
cm. long, acute or acuminate: capsules 4-5 mm. long. — Pinelands. F. K.

3. C. elegans IT. B. K. Stem and branches 2-9 dm. long: leaf -blades lanceo-
late to elliptic or oblong-lanceolate, 4-10 cm. long: spathes 1.5-2 cm. long,
acute: capsules about 4 mm. long. — Coastal sand-dunes. — (Ber., Bah., Ant.)

Family 4. PONTEDERIACEAE. Pickerel-weed Family.

Bog or aquatic herbs with rootstocks. Leaves alternate: blades
dilated, naiTOw, or mere phyllodia. Flowers 1 or several from a bract-
like spathe. Calyx and corolla of rather similar partially united members.
Androecium of 3-6 stamens: filaments unequally adnate to the perianth
tube. Gynoecium 3-carpellary, but sometimes with a 1-oelled ovary.
Fruit a 1-seeded utricle or a many-seeded eai)sule.

BROMELIACEAE. 39

1. PONTEDEEIA L. Bog herbs. Leaf-blades narrow or broad, on
tapering petioles. Spailix many-flowered. Perianth 2-lipped, the lobes nearly
equal. Anthers versatile. Ovary 1-celled. Seed solitary.

1. P. cordata L. Leaves with tapering petioles and deltoid to ovate blades
10-20 cm. long (or with linear-lanceolate or lanceolate blades, P. cordata
lancifolia) : perianth bright-blue or white; tube 7-10 mm. long; limb 9-14
mm. broad, the lobes shorter than the tube. — Everglades. — {Cuba.) Pickerel-
weed. Wampee.

Family 5. BROMELIACEAE. Pineapple Family.

Epiphytic or rarely terrestrial bei-bs, commonly with scurfy foliage.
Leaves usually crowded at the base of the stem: blades entire or spiny-
toothed. Flowers perfect, regular, solitary or spicate. Calyx of 3 sepals.
Corolla of 3 narrow petals. Androecium of 3-6 stamens. Gynoecium
3-carpellary, the ovary superior or inferior: styles united. Ovules numer-
ous. Fruit baccate or capsuhir.

Ovary superior : fruit capsular : leaves spineless.
Sepals, and petals, distinct : filaments free.

Style filiform : capsule elongate : seed-appendage straight.

Drooping plants, with the flowers axillary to leaf-lilie bracts and remote.

1. Dendeopogox.
Upright plants, with the flowers in distichous bracted

spikes. 2. Tillandsia.

Stvle short or wanting : capsule ovoid : seed-appendage

folded. 3. Catopsis.

Sepals, and petals, partially united: filaments partially ad-

nate to the corolla. 4. Gczmanxia.

Ovary inferior : fruit a syncarp, baccate : leaves spiny. 5. Ananas.

1. DENDROPOGON Eaf. Pendent festoon-like plants, with regularly
leafy stems. Leaves remote: blades linear-filiform above the base. Flowers
axillary.

1. D. usneoides (L.) Eaf. Plant clothed with silver-gray scales. Stems fili-
form, often greatly elongate: leaves 2.5-8 em. long: flowers fragrant: sepals
5-7 mm. long, green: petals linear-spathulate, about twice as long as the
sepals, yellow or yellowish: capsules 15-30 mm. long. — Hammocks. — F. K.
{Bah., Cuba, Ant.) — Loxg-moss. Spanish-moss. Florida-moss.

2. THjLANDSIA L. Erect plants, with scape-like stems. Leaves mostly
basal and crowded, those of the stem more or less reduced: blades tapering
from a broad base. Flowers in terminal simple or branched spikes, the bracts
firm. Sepals, and petals, distinct. Filaments, and anthers, free. — Air-plant.

Flowering stems scape-like, filiform or nearly so, with 1 or 2 inconspicuous sheath-
ing scales. 1- T. rcciirvata.
Flowering stems conspicuously leafy, their leaves smaller than
the basal ones.
Basal leaves about as long as the stems or surpassing them.

Leaf-blades less than 2 cm. broad at the base. 2. T. tcnuifoUa.

Leaf-blades more than 2 cm. broad at the base.

Leaves dilated at the base but not bladder-like, erect
or ascending, nearly straight.
Bracts ribbed : leaf-blades tender, flat or nearly so. .*?. T. Valemuelana.
Bracts not ribbed : leaf-blades rigid, involute. 4. T. fasciculata.

Leaves with bladder-like dilations at the base, dif-
fusely spreading and twisted. 5. T. Balbisiaua.
Basal leaves shorter than the stems.

Bracts and flowers erect or appressed to the rachis.
Leaves of the stem with long spreading or recurved

tips. 0. T. circinata.

Leaves of the stem merely clasping scales. 7. T. vtriculota.

Bracts and flowers more or less strongly spreading. ."<. T. aloifoUa.

40 BROMELIACEAE.

1. T. recurvata L. Plants fuzzv^ 5-15 cm. tall: blades of the basal leaves
recurved, setaceous-filiform from short bases 3-4 mm. wide: bracts lanceolate,
10-15 mm. long: sepals 7-9 mm. long: petals 12-14 mm. long: capsules 2-2.5
cm. long. — Hammocks. — F. K. (Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

2. T. tenuifolia L. Plants sometimes reddish, 2-3 dm. tall: blades of the
basal leaves with the dilated basal portion 8-12 mm. long: sepals 10-12 mm.
long: capsules 18-20 mm. long. — Hammocks. — F. K. {Cuba, Ant.)

3. T. Valenzuelana A. Rich. Plants 2.5-6 dm. tall: blades of the basal
leaves 2-3 dm. long, merely dilated at the base, tender : inflorescence branched :
bracts ribbed, not lustrous: sepals 10-12 mm. long: capsule fully twice as
long as the sepals. — Hammocks. — {Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

4. T. fasciculata Sw. Plants inconspicuously scurfy, 2-6 dm. tall: blades of
the basal leaves attenuate from the dilated somewhat saccate bases, about as
long as the stem or longer: bracts of the inflorescence 22-30 mm. long, becom-
ing lustrous, keeled: sepals 25-28 mm. long: capsules 25-30 mm. long. —
Hammocks. — F. K. {Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

5. T. Balbisiana Schult. Plants gray-scurfy, 2-9 dm. tall : blades of the basal
leaves rather abruptly narrowed into twisted and spreading tips above the
bladder-like basal portion: inflorescence branched; bracts 15-20 mm. long,
neither keeled nor ribbed: sepals 15-17 mm. long: capsules about 40 mm. long.
—Hammocks.— F. K. {Bah., Cuba, Aiit.)

6. T. circinata Sehlecht. Plants gray-scurfy, 1-2 dm. tall: blades of the basal
leaves curved, attenuate from the saccate bases: inflorescence simple; bracts
20-25 mm. long, ribbed: sepals 20-22 mm. long: capsules 50-60 mm. long. —
Hammocks. — F. K. {Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

7. T. utriculata L. Plants somewhat scurfy, 3-20 dm. tall: blades of the
basal leaves nearly flat, attenuate from the dilated bases: inflorescence
branched; bracts 15-20 mm. long: sepals 15-20 mm. long: capsules 35-45
mm. long. — Hammocks. — F. K. {Bah., Cuia, Ant.)

8. T. aloifolia Hook. Plants pale-scurfy, 3-9 dm. tall: blades of the basal
leaves gradually narrowed from the dilated bases: inflorescence branched;
bracts 17-31 mm. long, more or less spreading: sepals 20-25 mm. long: cap-
sules 45-60 mm. long. — Hammocks. — F. K. {Bah., Cuha, Ant.)

3. CATOPSIS Griseb. Plants resembling Tillandsiae in habit, but in-
florescence inconspicuously bracted. Flowers small and inconspicuous. Style
short or wanting. Capsule ovoid.

Petals shorter than the sepals : capsules slightly longer than the sepals.

1. 0. Berteroniana.
Petals longer than the sepals : capsules fully twice as long as the

sepals. 2. C. nutans.

1. C. Berteroniana (Schult.) Mez. Blades of the basal leaves narrowed to
the apex: bracts 10-12 mm. long: sepals 11-13 mm. long: capsules 12-13 mm.
long, abruptly pointed. — Hammocks. — F. K. {Bah., Cuba, Aiit.)

2. C. nutans (Sw.) Griseb. Blades of the basal leaves rather abruptly nar-
rowed into long slender tips: bracts 4-5 mm. long: sepals 5-6 mm. long:
capsules 11-13 mm. long, attenuate. — Hammocks. — {Cuba, Ant.)

4. GUZMANNIA E. & P. Plants resembling species of Tillandsia, but
with the blades of the basal leaves less attenuate, the sides above the dilated
base nearly parallel up to the abruptly narrowed apex. Flowers in conspicu-
ously bracted spike-like panicles, the bracts becoming membranous. Sepals,
and petals, partially united. Anthers coherent around the stigma.

JUNCACEAE. 41

1. G. monostacliya (L.) Rusby. Plants 3-6 dm. tall: leaves bright-green or
variegated, with recurving tips; spike stout: bracts as long as the corolla or
longer: calyx firm, 12-15 mm. long: corolla-lobes oblong or ovate, shorter
than the tube: capsules becoming 3-3.5 cm, long. — Hammocks. — {Cuba, Ant.)

3. ANANAS Adans. Terrestrial plants, with stout scape-like stems.
Leaves mainly basal : blades narrow and elongate, spiny edged. Flowers in a
terminal leafy-bracted spike, the lower part of which, both ovaries and bracts
ripens into an aggregate juicy cone-like fruit.

1. A. Ananas (L.) Lyons. Leaves 25-50, crowded, 1-2 m. long, the marginal
spines hooked: stem erect: corolla fully twice as long as the calyx: fruit
ovoid, oblong, or oblong-conic, 1-4 dm. long, fragrant. — Pinelands and culti-
vated grounds. Nat. of the tropics, and cultivated. — F, K. (Ant.) — Pine-
apple.

Order LILIALES.

Herbs, commonly fleshy or grass-like, or vines or trees. Leaves with
naiTow or dilated blades, sometimes scale-like or terete. Flowers perfect,
polygamous, or dioecious, complete, mostly regular. Perianth of 3-6
members which are usually distinguishable into calyx and corolla, some-
times partially united. iVndroecium of .3-6 stamens. Gynoecium 3-carpel-
lary or rarely 2-carpellary. Ovary superior or essentially so. Fruit
capsular or baccate.

Styles present, distinct or \mited : stigmas terminal.

Sepals and petals chaffy. Fam. 1. Juncaceae.

Sepals and petals not chaffy.

Herlis with bulbs, corms or rootstocks.

Plants with bulbs or corms. Fam. 2. Liliaceae.

Plants with elongate rootstocks. Fam. 3. Convallariaceae.

Shrubby plants with woody caudices, or trees. Fam. 4. Dracaexaceae.

Styles wanting : stigmas introrse. Fam. 5. Smilacaceae.

Family 1. JUNCACEAE. RrsH Family.

Perennial or sometimes annual herbs, usually grass-like in habit.
Leaves with flat blades, or terete. Flowers scattered along the inflores-
cence-branches, or in dense heads. Calyx of 3 chaffy sepals. Corolla of 3
petals nearly or quite similar to the sepals. Androecium of 3 or 6, or
rarely 4 or 5, stamens. Gynoecium S-carpellary. Ovary 1-3-eelled.
Fruit a loculicidal capsule, or opening irregularly. Seeds sometimes
appendaged.

1. JUNCUS [Tourn.] L. Glabrous herbs. Leaves terete, or with flat
blades. Bracts subtending the flowers mostly entire. — ^RuSH.

Uppermost leaf with an obsolete or very short blade : capsule about as long as
the perianth. 1. J. meyacephalus.

Uppermost leaf with a blade few-several cm. In length : capsule

exserted beyond the perianth. 2. J. scirpoides.

1. J. megacephalus M. A. Curtiss. Stems 3-10 dm. tall: leaf -blades rather
stout, those of the stem-leaves relatively short: heads 8-12 mm. thick, 1-40,
scattered: lowest involucral bract almost bladeless: sepals subulate, 3-3.5 mm.
long: petals shorter than the sepals, less attentiate: capsules subulate, about
as long as the sepals.^ — Everglades and low pinelands.

2. J. scirpoides Lam. Stems 2-7 dm. tall: leaf -blades terete, 2-3 mm. thick,
the septa complete: sepals subulate-lanceolate 2.5-3.5 mm. long: petals slightly

42 DEACAEXACEAE.

shorter than the sepals: beak of the capsule exceeding the perianth. — Ham-
mocks and low pinelands.

Family 2. LILIACEAE. Lily Family.

Perennial mainly caulescent herbs. Leaves alternate to wliorled,
sometimes all basal : blades entire or essentially so. Flowers solitary or
variously clustered. Calyx of 3 sepals. Corolla of 3 petals, together with
the sepals sometimes partially united into a tube. Androeeium of 6
stamens, the anthers usually distinct. Gynoecium of 3 united carpels.
Fruit a loculicidal capsule.

1. OXYTEIA Eaf. Scapose rather wiry herbs, with bulb-like corms.
Leaf-blades elongate and very narrow. Eaceme or panicle with short bracts.
Sepals, and petals, white of yellow, distinct.

1. O. albiflora (Eaf.) Pollard. Leaf -blades 2-6 mm. wide: scapes 4-6.5 dm.
tall: racemes branched: sepals and petals white, 5-6 mm. long: capsules 5-6
mm. wide. — Everglades and low pinelands.

Family 3. CONVALLARIACEAE. Lily-of-the-valley Family.

Perennial herbs with rootstocks. Leaves alternate, sometimes all basal.
Flowers in a tenninal cluster, raceme, or panicle, or axillary. Calj'x of 2
or 3 sepals. Corolla of 2 or 3 petals, tog-ether with the sepals sometimes
partially united. Androeeium of 4 or 6 stamens. Gynoecium of 2 or 3
united carj^els. Fruit a berry or rarely a tardily dehiscent capsule.

1. SANSEVIERIA Thunb. Succulent herbs with stout rootstocks.
Leaves erect, flat or nearly terete. Flowers in narrow • panicles, erect or
ascending. Perianth white or greenish: lobes narrow, about as long as the
cylindric tube. Capsule membranous. Seeds baccate.

1. S. guineensis Willd. Leaves 4-10 dm. tall, mottled: panicle many-flowered:
perianth-lobes linear or linear-spatulate, 14-18 mm. long, curled back. —
Pinelands and cultivated grounds. Nat. of Africa, and cultivated. — F. K.
{Ber., Ball., Cuba, Ant.) — African bowstrixg-hemp.

Family 4. DRACAENACEAE. Yucca Family.

Shrubby plants or trees, with woody generally copiously leafy caudices.
Leaves alternate: blades narrow, Aitq or rigid, sometimes filiferous.
Flowers in racemes or panicles terminating scape-like stems. Calyx of 3
generally white or pale sepals. Corolla of 3 petals nearly like the sepals.
Androeeium of 6 stamens. Gynoecium superior, of 3 united carpels.
Style stout, sometimes obsolete during anthesis. Fruit a primarily locu-
licidal capsule, sometimes indehiscent or baccate.

1. YUCCA [Eupp.] L. Caudex commonly leafy throughout. Flowers
perfect, relatively large, in panicles or racemes. Sepals and petals several
nerved, deciduous. Capsule dehiscent or baccate. — Spaxish-bayoxet.

Fruit a drooping pulpy inrleliiscent berry-like capsule. 1- Y. aloifoUa.

Fruit an erect dry deliiscent capsule. 2. 1'. fllamcntosa.

1. Y. aloifolla L. Caudex often 1-2.5 m. tall, commonly branched: leaves
very numerous, spreading above, deflexed and deciduous below, scabrous-

SMILACACEAE. 43

margined: paiiic'le ample and showy, 3-7 dm. long: sepals and petals 4-C cm.
long: capsules 7-t) cm. long. — Coastal sand-dunes, — F. K. {Ber., Bah., Cuba,
Ant.) — Spaxish-daggek.

2. Y. filamentosa li. Caudex short: leaves firm, 3-6 dm. long, stiffly erect or
spreading, with curly fibers: panicle-branches usually glabrous: capsules 5-6
cm. long. — Pinelands. — Adam 'SjjNEEDle.

Family 5. SMILACACEAE. Smilax Family.

Perennial armed or unarineJ vines. Leaves alternate : blades several-
ribbed and netted-veined, commonly persistent : ])etiole usually bearing a
pair of appendages. Flowers dioecious, in axillary peduncled umbels.
Perianth regular, usually green, that of the staminate flowers larger than
that of the pistillate. Calyx of 3 sepals. Corolla of 3 petals. Androeeium
of 6 stamens : anthers erect. Gynoeeium S-carpellaiy. Stigmas 3, sessile,
sometimes elongate. Fruit a beriy, with 3 bands of strengthening tissue
in the pulp connecting the base and apex.

1. SMILAX [Touru.] L. Leaf-blades leathery. Flowers not showy.
Berries red, blue, or black. Vigorous shoots often bear very large leaves. —
Greenbrier. IIorsebrier. Smilax.

Peduncles of the pistillate plant much longer than the accompanying petiole.

1. /S'. Dona-Kox.
Peduncles of the pistillate plant shorter than the petiole or
barely surpassing it.
Berries globular or spheroidal : leaf-blades not spiny-toothed.

Leaf-blades elliptic, oblong, oblong-lanceolate or linear. 2. 8. laurifolia.

Leaf-blades of an ovate type, often lobed at the base. 3. .S. Bitnichil.

Berries ovoid or oval : leaf-blades spiny-toothed. 4. S. harauensis.

1. S. Bona-Nox L. Leaf-blades broadly ovate to hastate or fiddle-shaped,
3-12 cm. long, sometimes spinulose-margined, truncate or cordate at the base:
pedicels 4-8 mm. long: sepals and j)etals deep-green, those of staminate
flowers 4-5 mm. long: berries 4-6 mm. in diameter. — Everglades, pinelands
and hammocks. — F. K.

2. S. laurifolia L. Leaf-blades elliptic, oblong, or oblong-lanceolate, or rarely
linear, 5-15 cm. long, acute at the ajiex, the base narrow: sepals and petals of
the staminate flowers 5-6 mm. long: berries ovoid or globose-ovoid, 4-6 mm.
long. — Everglades and low hammocks. — F. K. (Bali., Cuba.)

3. S. Beyrichii Kunth. Leaf-blades ovate, broadly oblong, or pandurate, 2-10
cm. long, cuspidate or mucronate at the apex, entire, more or less auricled or
dilated at the base: pedicles 4-8 mm. long: sepals and petals of the staminate
flowers 4-5 mm. long: berries subglobose, 3-6 mm. in diameter. — Hammocks
and coastal sand-dunes. — F. K. (Bah.)

4. S. havanensis Jacq. Leaf-blades oblong to orbicular-ovate, 2.5-5 cm. long,
spiny-toothed: pedicels 1-2 mm. long: sepals and petals of the staminate
flowers 1-2 mm. long: berries oval or ovoid, 4-6 mm. long. — Pinelands. — F. K.
(Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

Order AMARYLLIDALES.

Perennial herbs or vines. Leaves with narrow or dilated blades.
Flowers perfect or dioecious, complete. Perianth of 3 sepals and 3 jjetals,
which are distinct or partially united. Androeeium of 3-6 stamens.
Gynoeeium " mostly 3-carpellaiy. the ovary partially or wholly infenor.
Fruit cajDsular or baccate.

44 LEUCOJACEAE.

Stamens 6. Fam. 1. Leucojaceah.
Stamens 3. *

Filaments opposite the sepals. Fam. 2. Ixiaceae.

Filaments opposite the petals. Fam. 3. Haemodoraceae.

FAiiiLY 1. LEUCOJACEAE. Amaryllis Family.

Herbs, commonly succulent, with rootstocks, bulbs, or corms. Leaves
alternate, wholly or mainly basal. Flowers perfect. Calyx of 3 sepals.
Corolla of 3 petals, with the sepals partially united into a tube. Androe-
cium of 6 stamens, the filaments sometimes partially united into a crown.
Gynoecium of 3 united carpels. Ovary inferior. Styles united. Ovules
numerous. Fruit a capsule or a berry.

Perennial from corms or elongated rootstocks.

Ovary and capsule one-halt" inferior. 1. Aletris.

Ovary and capsule wholly inferior.

Inflorescence umbel-like : capsule circumscissile. 2. Ilvroxis.

Inflorescence spicate, racemose or paniculate : capsules

3-valved. 3. Agave.

Perennial from bulbs.

Filaments distinct. 4. Crinum.

Filaments connected by a cup-like or funnelform crown. 5. Hymenocallis.

1. ALETKIS L. Caulescent herbs with thick rootstocks and scape-like
stems. Basal leaves spreading. Flowers in an interrupted spike or raceme.
Perianth white to yellow, campaniilate, cylindric, or obovoid, granular or
mealy: lobes much shorter than the tube. Filaments adnate to the middle of
the perianth or above it. — Colic-root. Star-grass.

Perianth white, 6-7 mm. long during anthesis. 1. A.hracteata.

Perianth yellow, 8-9 mm. long during anthesis. 2. A. lutea.

1. A. bracteata Northrop. Stem 3-6 dm. tall: blades of the basal leaves
nearly linear to linear-lanceolate, 6-12 cm. long: perianth white, 6-8 mm. long;
lobes lanceolate to triangular, spreading: capsule ovoid, long-beaked. — Pine-
lands and adjacent Everglades. — F. K. (Bah.)

2. A. lutea Small. Stem 3-11 dm. tall: blades of the basal leaves linear to
linear-lanceolate, or sometimes broadest above the middle, 4-12 cm. long:
perianth yellow, 8-10 mm. long; lobes mostly ovate: capsule conic-ovoid, long-
beaked. — Everglades.

2. HYPOXIS L. Acaulescent herbs with corm-like rootstocks. Leaves
with elongate-linear or nearly filiform blades. Scapes slender, sometimes
tufted. Flowers solitary or clustered. Perianth mainly yellow. Filaments
adnate to the base of the perianth. Anthers erect.

1. H. juncea .J. E. Smith. Leaf-blades involute, linear-filiform, 1-3 dm.
long, glabrous above: perianth-lobes oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 9-12 mm.
long: capsule 4-6 mm. long. — Pinelands. — F. K. (Bah., Cuba.) — Star-grass.

3. AGAVE L. Succulent or somewhat woody plants, with more or less
elongate caudices upon which the leaves are crowded. Flowers in panicles.
(Plants flower after long periods of growth.) Anthers ver-satile. — Century-
PLAXT.

Caulescent : lobes of the perianth longer than the tube.

Leaves entire or obsoletely toothed. 1. A.rUnihi.

Leaves with many minute teeth. 2. A. dcclpiena.

Acaulescent : lobes of the perianth shorter than the tube. 3. A. ncijlccta.

1. A. rigida Mill. Flowering stem erect, 4..5-9 m. tall: leaves 12-18 dm.
long: blades Vjroadest at the middle or above it, the terminal spine 1-2

IXIACEAE. 45

em. long, tlic marginal teeth minute or obsolete: perianth greenish; lobes 21-
25 mm. long: anthers about 20 mm. long. — Pinelands and cultivateil grounds.
Nat. from Trop. Am., and cultivated. — F. K. (Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

2. A. decipiens Baker. Flowering stem 5-6 m. tall: leaves 10-25 dm. long:
blades broadest about the middle, the terminal spine 1-1.5 cm. long, the
marginal teeth firm, recurved: perianth greenish; lobes 16-17 mm. long:
anthers l-t-lG mm. long. — Hammocks. F. K.

3. A. neglecta Small. Flowering stem 10-13 m. tall: leaves 15-28 dm. long:
blades broadest at the middle, the terminal spine 1-1.5 cm. long, the marginal
teeth minute, recurved: perianth yellowish-green; lobes about 23 mm. long:
anthers 19-23 mm. long. — Pinelands.

4. CRINUM L. Herbs with succulent coated bulbs, the neck short.
Leaves basal: blades linear or nearly so, elongate. Scape 2-6-flowered.
Perianth white: tube long: lobes narrow. Filaments adnate to the perianth-
tube, distinct.

1. C. americanum L. Bulbs 7.5-10 cm. thick: leaf-blades 6-12 dm. long,
denticulate: scape 3-8 dm. tall: perianth-lobes linear to linear-lanceolate,
5-12 cm. long: capsules ■i-G cm. thick. — Everglades. — {Cuba, Ant.) — Swamp-
lily.

5. HYMENOCALLIS L. Herbs with coated bulbs. Leaves basal,
spreading: blades linear or nearly so. Scape terminated by a single flower
or by a cluster, the flowers erect. Perianth showy, mostly white, pink, or
purplish: tube elongate: lobes narrow. Filaments adnate to the perianth-
tube above which they are connected by a crown. — Spider-lily.

Perianth-tube 13 cm. long or more. 1- H. caymanensis.

Perianth-tube 10 cm. long or less.

Scape terminated by several flowers. 2. H. occidentalis.

Scape terminated by a single flower. 3. H. Pahneri.

1. H. caymanensis Herb. Leaf-blades 3-8 dm. long, 6-8 cm. wide, obtuse,
tapering somewhat toward the base: flowers 6-12: perianth-tube 13-15 cm.
long: lobes about 10 cm. long. — Coastal sand-dunes.— F. K. {Bah., Cuba,
Ant.)

2. H. occidentalis Kunth. Bulbs large: leaf -blades broadly linear, glaucous,
3-5 dm. long, 2.4-3.5 cm. broad: flowers 3-6, terminating the scape: perianth-
tube 6-10 cm. long; lobes linear, about as long as the tube: staminal crown
25-32 mm. long. — Everglades.

3. H. Palmeri S. Wats. Bulb narrowly oblong, 8-24 mm. in diameter: leaf-
blades linear, 5 dm. long or less, 6-10 mm. wide: scapes 1.5-2.6 dm. tall:
flower solitary: perianth-tube 7.5-10 dm. long; lobes nearly as long as the
tube: staminal crown funnelform, 3-4 cm. long, with acuminate tips between
the filaments. — Everglades.

Family 2. IXIACEAE. Ims Family.

Perennial, mostly caulescent, herbs with short or long rootstoeks.
Leaves equitant, usually elongate. Flowers perfect, mostly regular, ai'ising
from spathe-like bracts. Calyx of 3 sepals. Corolla similar to the calyx
or of 3 very different members. Androeeium of 3 stamens, the filament
partially adnate to the perianth. Gynoecium of 3 united carpels. Ovary
inferior. Styles entire or divided, sometimes petal-like. Ovules few to
numerous. Fruit a loculicidal 3-valved capsule.

46 HAEMODOEACAE.

1. SISYKINCHIUM L. Scapose herbs with rootstocks. Leaf -blades flat.
Flowers in 1 or more clusters arising from usually 2 bracts (spathe). Sepals
and petals blue, white, or yellow, nearly equal, distinct, deciduous. Capsule
globose to cubic. Seeds dry. — Blue-eyed grass.

Tufts of plants densely fibrous at the base. 1. S- fuscatum.

Tufts of plants not fibrous at the base.

Scapes and leaf-blades mostly 2-4 mm. wide, or more :

pedicel.? finally much spreading, or recurved. 2. .S*. solstiiialc.

Scapes and leaf-blades mostly 1-2 mm. wide : pedicels erect
or nearly so.
Leaves and scapes mostly smooth-edged : scapes becoming

flexuous : peduncles very slender, 5-12 cm. long. 3. S. flafjcUum.

Leaves and scapes serrulate, erect : peduncles 3-7 cm.

long. -i- (S. miamiensc.

1. S. fuscatum Bicknell. Plants rather stiff, 15-50 cm. high, more or less
fibrous at ba^e, dull-green and glaucesceut, drying dark: leaf-blades 0.5-2.5
mm. wide, close-striate the edges smooth or roughened: scapes straight and
slender, longer than the leaves, 0.75-2 mm. wide, narrowly winged: spathes
narrow, 1.5-1.8 cm. long, the subequal bracts firmly herbaceous, striate,
cuspidate-acuminate: interior scales much shorter than the bracts: flowers on
erect exserted pedicels: perianth blue, about 10 mm. long, the narrow sepals
and petals prominently veined: capsules 2.5-4 mm. high, broadly subglobose,
drj'ing dark. — Pinelands.

2. S. solstitiale Bicknell. Plants chaffy and slightly fibrillose at the base,
2-4.6 dm. tall or taller, pale-green or glaucescent, becoming brownish-green
when dry: leaf -blades very straight, becoming 4 mm. wide, narrowed to the
stiff aeicular apex, striate-nerved and minutely rugulose, minutely serrulate,
becoming smooth: scapes about twice as tall as the leaves, once or twice
spirally twisted, becoming 3 mm. wide, the firm wings hyaline-margined and
obscurely serrulate, becoming smooth: spathes dull-green, 20-25 mm. long,
the bracts stiff, nearly equal, the outer one narrowly acuminate: interior
scales finally equalling the bracts: flowers on slightly exserted pedicels:
perianth blue, about 12 mm. long. — Pinelands.

3. S. flagellum Bicknell. Plants very slender and flexuous, 1-3.2 dm. high,
slightly glaucescent, drying dark: leaf -blades narrow and flexuous, 0.5-3 mm.
wide, few-striate, smooth-edged : scapes 0.75-1.5 mm. wide, narrowly margined,
smooth-edged, often flexuous and geniculate at the nodes: spathes often
deflected, 1.5-2 cm. long, the bracts subecjual or the inner one longer, and often
scarious-margined to the apex, the outer one narrowly acuminate: interior
scales much shorter than the bracts : capsules on erect slightly exserted pedicels,
subglobose, dark, about 4 mm. high. — Pinelands. — F, K.

4. S. miamiense Bicknell. Plants dull-green and glaucescent, drying dark,
2 dm. tall or more: leaf -blades 1-1.5 mm. wide, striate-nerved, serrulate:
scapes of the width of the leaves, wing-margined, denticulate-serrulate, bear-
ing 2-3 erect peduncles at the top and sometimes an ascending branch lower
down: spathes 1.3-1.5 cm. long, the outer bracts stifily acute, slightly longer
than the scarious-obtuse inner one: perianth blue: capsules on exserted pedi-
cels, dark, obovoid, 3-5 mm. high. — Everglades and pinelands. — {Bah.)

Family 3. HAEMODORACEAE. Bloodwort Family.

Perennial caulescent herbs. Leaves alternate, often mainly basal:
blades narrow. Flowers perfect, in terminal clusters. Calyx of 3 sepals.
Corolla of 3 petals, persistent. Androeeium of 3 stamens opposite the
petals. Gynoecium of 3 united carpels. Ovai-y inferior, 3-celled or
rarely 1-celled. Styles united. Fruit a loculicidally 3-valved capsule.

MUSACEAE. 47

1. GYHOTHECA Sali!<b. Herbs with colored rootstoeks. Leaves equi-
tant. Flowers in a terminal cymose corymb. Perianth pubescent without.
Capsule covered with the persistent perianth.

1. G. tinctoria (Walt.) Salisb. Stem 3-12 dm. tall, pubescent above: leaves
shorter than the stem, the cauline gradually reduced : sepals and petals nearly
linear, the latter 10-12 mm. long: capsules .5-6 mm. in diameter. — Everglades.
— (Cuba.) — Red-koot.

Order SCITAMINALES.

Large, commonly perennial, herbs with rootstoeks or tubers. Leaves

alternate, sometimes all basal: blades relatively large: petioles sheathing

at the base. Flowers veiy irregular. Perianth white or bright-colored.

Androeeium very irregular or sometimes with one stamen or more reduced

to staminodia. Gynoecium compound. Ovary inferior. Fruit a capsule,

a beny, or a utinele. Endosperm present.

Polleniferous stamens 5. Fam. 1. Musaceae.

Polleniferous stamen 1.

Ovary 3-celled, all the cavities fructiferous : ovules
numerous in each cavity of the ovary : fruit cap-
sular : embryo straight.
Sepals partially united : anthers 2-celled. Fam. 2. Alpixiaceab.

Sepals distinct : anthers 1-celled. Fam. 3. Caxnaceae.

Ovary 1-celled. or 3-celled, but 2 of the cavities usually
abortive : ovules solitary in each cavity of the ovary :
fruit utricular : embryo hooked. . Fam. 4. Maraxtaceae.

Family 1. MUSACEAE. Bana^^a Family.

Caulescent, usually large herbs, or trees. Flowers perfect or some-
what monoecious. Calyx of 3 distinct sepals or united into a sheath-like
organ. Corolla of 3 distinct petals or of partially united petals, some-
times partially adnate to the calyx. Androeeium of 3 united carpels.
Fruit baccate or capsular.

1. MUSA L. Tree-like herbs, the stem sheathed by the thick leaf-bases.

Leaves with large prominently feather-veined blades. Inflorescence drooping,

with large bracts. Petals shorter than the sepals, two of them partially

adnate to the calyx-tube, the other short, ending in a bent tip. Berry elongate.

— Baxaxa.

Leaf-blades sessile or nearly so : free petal less than i/^ as long as the perianth.

1. M. Cavendishii.
Leaf-blades long-petioled : free petal over 1/2 as long as the

perianth. 2. M. sapientum.

1. M. Cavendishii Lamb. Plants stocky, mostly 1-2..5 m. tall: leaf -blades
broadly oblong, mostly 1-2 m. long, abruptly contracted at the base: perianth
usually over 3.5 cm. long; lateral calyx-lobes prominently appendaged;
corolla-lobes ovate: free petal oblong, the tip nearly erect: fruits oblong,
mostly 10-1.5 cm. long, yellowish, the pulj) sweet. — Hammocks. Nat. of China.
— F. K.— Dwarf-baxaxa.

2. M. sapientum L. Plants rather slender, 3-7 m. tall: leaf -blades mostly
1-2 m. long, narrowed at the base: perianth usually less than 3.5 cm. long;
lateral calyx-loVjes minutely appendaged; corolla-lobes lanceolate: free petal
broadly obovate, the tip inflexed: fruits oblong, S-11 cm. long, bright-yellow,
the pulp sweet. — Hammocks. Nat. of the E. Indies. — F. K. — Commox-baxaxa.

48 MAEAXTACEAE.

Family 2. ALPINIACEAE. Ginger Family.

Caulescent, sometimes large, herbs mostly with horizontal rootstocks.
Flowers mostly perfect, borae in spike-like, sometimes cone-like, thyrsoid,
or open panicles. Calyx of 3, partially united sepals, sometimes spathe-
like. Corolla of 3 petals partially united into a tube. Fruit capsular.

1. LANGUAS Koen. Herbs with horizontal rootstocks and erect stems.
Leaves erect. Panicle thyrsoid, terminating a leafy stem, with often imbricate
bracts. Calyx 3-lobed. Petals 3, the upper one larger than the others. Lip
large and showy. Staminodia minute or wanting. Capsules sometimes baccate.

1. L. speciosa (Wendl.) Small. Plants 1-4 m. tall, the stem sheathed: leaf-
blades oblong to oblong-lanceolate, 1.5-4 dm. long: flower-stalks drooping from
sheaths: calyx 18-23 mm. long: corolla white, tinged with magenta: lip 5-6
cm. long, crisped, yellow, variegated with brown and red. — Hammocks. Nat.
of the E. Indies.— (Cw&o, Ant.) — Shell-flower.

Family 3. CANNACEAE. Caxna Family.

Caulescent herbs. Flowers perfect. Calyx of 3 erect sepals. Corolla
of 3 partially united petals. Androecivun more or less adnate to the
corolla: one filament anther-bearing, the others petaloid. Ovary 3-celled,
the placentae parietal. Style petaloid, the stigma marginal. Fruit a
loculicidal papillose or bristly capsule.

1. CANNA L. Large or tall herbs, with relatively large leaves. Flowers
mostly showy, borne in terminal thyrsoid panicles.

1. C. flaccida Eoscoe. Plants 1.5 m. tall or less: leaf -blades 2.5-5.5 dm.
long: flowers very showy, mainly yellow: sepals 2.5-3 cm. long: perianth-
tube much longer than the sepals: corolla-lobes 5-6.5 cm. long: staminodia
dilated: capsules 4-6 cm. long. — Everglades. — Indian-shot.

Family 4. MARANTACEAE. Arrowroot Family.

Seapose or caulescent herljs. Flowers perfect or sometimes poly-
gamous. Calyx of 3 distinct or partially united sepals. Corolla of 3 dis-
tinct or partially united petals. Androecium partially adnate to the
corolla: one filament anther-bearing, the others petaloid. Ovai-y 1-3-
celled. Style thick, the stigma 2-lipped. Fruit utricular, smooth.

Petals partially united : lateral staminodia 2. 1. Makanta.

Petals distinct or nearly so : lateral stuminodium 1. 2. Thalia.

1. MARANTA [Plum.] L. Eelatively slender caulescent herbs, not
white-powdery. Flowers solitary or few in panicles. Corolla-tube cylindric.
Perianth mainly white.

1. M. anmdinacea L. Stems 1-2 m. tall, from scaly rootstocks: leaf-blades
lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, 8-25 cm. long: sepals 10-12 mm. long: corolla
white about 2 cm. long: staminodia surpassing the corolla: fruit about 1 cm.
long. — Hammocks. Nat. of Trop. Am., and cultivated. — Arrowroot.

2. THALLA. L. Eelatively stout seapose herbs, white powdery, at least
above. Flowers numerous, in large panicles. Corolla-tube wanting or obsolete.
Perianth white or purple.

1. T. divaricata Chapm. Leaf -blades lanceolate, sometimes broadly so, 2-6
dm. long: scapes mostly 1-3 m. tall, widely branched above; nodes of the
panicle bearded: perianth purple or pale. — Everglades.

ORCHIDACEAE. 49

Order ORCHIDALES.

Terrestrial, aquatic, ur epiphytic herbs. Leaves usually fleshy, some-
times scale-like. Flowers mostly perfect and complete, veiy irregular,
except in Buk:manxiaceae. Calyx of 3 sepals. Corolla of 3 petals.
Gynoecium compound. Ovary inferior. Seeds numerous. Endosperm
wanting.

Flowers regular: stamens and pistil distinct. Kara. 1. Biumaxniaceae.

Flowers irregular : stamens and pistil united into a column. Fam. 2. Orchidacbae.

Family 1. BURMANNIACEAE. Burmannia Family.

Slight or relatively small herbs. Leaves mainly basal, those on the
stem scale-like. Flowers regular. Sepals and petals partially united.
Androecium of 3 or 6 stamens: filaments adnate to the perianth-tube.
Gynoecium 3-earpellary. Fruit capsular, sometimes angled or winged.

1. BURMAiraiA L. Annual herbs. Flowers spreading or erect, short-

pedicelled, white or blue. Filaments unappendaged : connective prolouged

beyond the anthers.

Flowers 1-several, often 2, in a terminal raceme: hypanthium broadly 3-winged.

1. B. hiflora.
Flowers several in a terminal cluster : hypanthium 3-angled. 2. B. cupitata.

1. B. biflora L. Stems 5-15 cm. tall: leaf -scales 1-3 mm. long: flowers
solitary at the top of the stem, or 2-few together: corolla-lobes narrow: cap-
sules -±-0 mm. long. — Everglades and low pinelands.

2. B. capltata (Walt.) Mart. Stems 5-20 cm. tall: leaf -scales 1-5 mm. long:
flowers .several or many in a terminal cluster: corolla-lobes obsolete: capsules
2-3 mm. long. — Everglades and low pinelands. — (Cuba.)

Family 1. ORCHIDACEAE. Orchid Family.

Perennial mostly succulent herbs. Leaves basal or cauline, often
sheathing at the base. Flowers very irregular. Sepals 3, 1 median, 2
lateral. Petals 3, 1 median often greatly specialized ("lip"), 2 lateral
(petals). Androecium of 1 or more stamens adnate to the style, the 2-8
pollinia waxy or powdery. Gynoecium of 3 united carpels, the ovary
twisted. Fruit capsular.

Lip with a long slender spur : pollinia developing tails at the base of the anther
which are connected with the glands of the rostellum ; filament very short and
broad : anther persistent.
Base of the anther with long slender appendages : lip and petals parted, or
lobed at the base.
Lip 3-parted : petals 2-parted : stigmas erect. 1. Habexaria.

Lip obscurely lobed at the base : petals lobed on

one side at the base : stigmas drooping. 2. Habenella.

Base of the anther without appendages : lip and petals

neither parted nor lobed. 3. Gymxadeniopsis.

Lip spurless, sometimes saccate: pollinia without tails (or
they are rarely developed) : filament mostly thin and
brittle, the anther therefore usually deciduous.
Flowering stem terminal.

Leaves convolute in the bud.

Anther generally rounded or very blunt, usually
much exceeding the rostellum.
Lip not enclosing the column : blade 3-lobed
at the apex : flowers erect : seed not covered
with a crust : low herbs. 4. Carteria.

Flora of Miami 4

50

ORCHIDACEAE.

6. Pelexia.

7. STENOKRHTNCHtlS.

Lip enclosing the column ; blade not 3-lobed
at the apex : flowers nodding : seed covered
with a crust : high-climbing vines. 5. Vanilla.

Anther as long as the rostellum or rarely with a
long beak and exceeding the rostellum.
Leaves fleshy ; blades net-veined, seldom paral-
lel-veined, not plaited : inflorescence
simple.
Pollinia not in distinct masses : lip with-
out a long sac-like spur.
Lip turned outv.'ard.

Lateral sepals united at the base
and prolonged into a long spur.
Lip greatly prolonged at the
base, the claw enclosed in the
slender sepal-spur : medium
sepal much longer than the
petals.
Lip not greatly prolonged at the
base, the claw not enclosed
in the stout sepal-spur : me-
dian sepal not much longer
than the petals.
Lateral sepals free.

Lip merely adherent to the
column or free and not em-
bracing it : stigma 2-cleft. 8. Ibididm.
Lip adnate to the column and

embracing it : stigma entire. 9. Beadlea.
Lip turned upward.

Lip and petals free, or adnate only

to the base of the column.

Sepals free : petals not dilated

above; lip narrow. 10. Cranichis.

Sepals united at the base : petals

dilated above: lip broad. 11. Peescottia.

Lip and petals with claws wholly

adnate to the column. 12. Ponthieva.

Pollinia in several distinct masses : lip
with an extended sac between the lat-
eral sepals : column short. 13. Physurus.
Leaves firm ; blades plaited : inflorescence

branched. H- Tropidia.

Leaves duplicate in the bud.
Leaves not plaited.

Leaves commonly not articulated: pollinia un-

appendaged : lip not bearded. 15. Malaxis.

Leaves commonly articulated to the petioles
or sheathing bases : pollinia with tails
or stipes.
Column with a distinct foot : lip about as

large as the sepals. IC. Polystachya.

Column without a foot : lip larger than

the sepals.

Column wholly adnate to the lip : plants

without pseudobulhs at the base

of the leafy flowering stems.

Lip and column with short stout

adnate bases : flowers axillary to

spathe-like or scale-like bracts

borne along a rachis terminating

the leafy stems and branches. 17. Spathiger.

Lip and column with elongate, often

slender, adnate bases : flowers in

an open or congested panicle or

raceme which terminates the

leafy stem. 18. Auliza.

Column partly adnate to the lip : plants

with pseudobulhs at the base of

the naked or scaly flowering stems.

Lip 3-lobed, shallowly or deeply so,

longitudinally crested or ap-

pendaged : sepals and petals

relatively short, not attenuate.

ORCIIIDACEAE,

51

Column adnate at the base : lip
deeply 3-lobed, with a dilated
middle lobe and long and nar-
row lateral lobes : pseudobulbs
terete : flowering S(tem not sub-
tended by a foliaceous spathe.
Column adnate to abont the
middle : lip obscurely 3-lobed,
with a minute middle lobe and
broad and short lateral lobes :
pseiidobulbs flattened : flower-
ing stem subtended by a foli-
aceous spathe.
Lip entire, clamshell-like, neither
crested nor appendaged : sepals
and petals elongate, attenuate.
Leaves plaited : lip bearded.
Flowering stem lateral.

Leaves convolute in the bud.

Lip surrounding the column or adnate to it, with-
out a sac : pollinia 4 or 8, with caudicaulae,
but without stipes.
Lip articulate to the foot of the column, or form-
ing with it a spur : pollinia 2 or 4, without
caudiculae, but with short stipes.
Lip contracted into a claw : foot of the column
slender : epiphytic plants with long pseu-
dobulbs.
Lip sessile, the base truncate or cuneate : foot
of the column dilated or abruptly nar-
rowed at the base : terrestrial plants
without pseudobulbs.
Lip crestless. deeply .S-lobed, the lateral
lobes widely spreading : foot of the
column concave and grooved, not dilated,
the margins thick.
Lip with a crest of nipple-like papillae,
shallowly .3-lobed : foot of the column
flat, thin and dilated, the margins thin.
Leaves duplicate in the bud.

Anther upright : lip with a narrow middle lobe.
Anther inclined : lip with a dilated middle lobe.

10. Encyclia.

20. Epicladidm.

21. Anacheilidm.

22. LiMODORUM.

23. Bletia.

24. Cyrtopodium.

2'). Triorchos.

26. Platypus.

27. Macradenia.

28. Oncidium.

1. H. quinqueseta.

2. H. repens.

1. HABENARIA Willd. Caulescent herbs. Spike erect. Perianth white
or colored. Sepals distinct or nearly so, the lateral ones spreading, slightly-
inequilateral. Petals unequally 2-parted. Lip 3-parted, spurred. Anther-
sacs elevated, each with an appendage at the base. Stigma with narrow ap-
pendages, the glands naked.

Spur much longer than the ovary : lip over 15 mm. long.
Spur about as long as the ovary : lip less than 10 mm. long.

1. H. quinqueseta (Miehx.) C. Mohr. Stems 2-5 dm. tall: leaf -blades oblong
to oblong-lanceolate, 4-10 cm. long: lateral sepals oblong-ovate 8.5-10 mm.
long: narrow lobe of each petal somewhat louger thau the narrowly oblong or
linear-oblong broader one: middle lobe of the lip linear-spatulate. — Pinelands.
— F. K.

2. H. repens Nutt. Stems 3-6 dm. tall: leaf-blades oblong-lanceolate to
linear-lanceolate, 5-30 cm. long: lateral sepals ovate, about 5 mm. long, obtuse:
narrow lobe of each petal slightly longer than the obtuse oblong broader one:
middle lobe of the lip narrowly linear.^ — Everglades. — {Cuba, Ant.)

2. HABENELLA Small. Caulescent herbs. Spike erect. Perianth yel-
lowish, becoming green. Sepals distinct, the lateral ones spreading, very
inequilateral. Petals much smaller than the sepals, sinuately lobed at the
apex and with a small basal lobe. Lip entire, with 2 small basal lobes.
Anther-sacs with filiform appendages at the base. Stigma with a short
appendage, the glands naked.

52 OECHIDACEAE.

1. H. Garberi (Porter) Small. Stems 3-6 dm. tall: leaf-blades oblong to
oblong-lanceolate, 6-10 cm. long: lateral sepals very broad, 5.5-6.5 mm. long:
petals about 4 mm. long, sinuately 3-lobed at the apex: lip 6-10 mm. long,
broadly linear, obtuse: spur 12-18 mm. long: capsule-body 10-15 mm. long. —
Hammocks. — F. K. (Cuba.)

3. GYMNADENIOPSIS Rydb. Caulescent herbs. Spike erect. Peri-
anth white, greenish, pink, or orange-yellow. Sepals distinct, the lateral ones
slightly inequilateral. Petals mostly smaller than the sepals, undulate, sinuate-
lobed or erose. Lip entire or 3-lobed at the apex, or crenulate or erose.
Anther-sacs parallel, approximate, the glands naked, contiguous. Stigma
with 2 or 3 appendages at the beak.

1. G. Integra (Nutt.) Rydb. Stems 2-5 dm. tall: leaves reduced on the upper
part of the stem, the lower ones with linear or linear-oblong blades 5-20 cm.
long : perianth white or pink : lateral sepals ovate or oblong-ovate, 4-6 mm.
long, curved, the tip oblique: lip linear or linear-lanceolate, 6-7 mm. long,
entire; spur about 1 cm. long. — Everglades.

4. CAE.TEEIA Small. Caulescent herbs with clustered fleshy tubers.
Leaves various, the basal ones with firm narrow plicate blades, the cauline
mere sheathing scales. Flowers erect, several, axillary to scale-like bracts.
Perianth colored. Sepals nearly equal, longer than the petals. Petals de-
cidedly narrower than the sepals. Lip short, sessile, slightly 3-lobed at the
apex, with 5 longitudinal crests. Capsules erect.

1. C. corallicola Small. Stems 2-3.5 dm. tall: basal leaves 2-7 cm. long;
blades nearly linear, narrowed at both ends: flowers erect: lateral sepals
linear-lanceolate to broadly linear, 6.5-7.5 mm. long: lip oval to orbicular-
oval, 6-7 mm. long, the middle lobe much larger than the lateral ones: cap-
sules not seen mature. Pinelands. — (Bah.).

5. VANHiLA Mill. Succulent vines with aerial roots. Leaves remote,
often much reduced. Flowers in axillary clusters or spikes. Perianth mainly
pale, but showy. Lateral sepals narrow, slightly broadened upward. Pttals
slightly shorter than the sepals. Lip cornucopia-like, involute and adnate to
the long column, the free dilated tip fringed or lobed. Capsule elongate. —
Vanilla.

Lip notched at the apex : leaves obsolete. 1. V- articulata.

Lip abruptly pointed at the apex : leaves mere narrow scales. 2. V. Eggersii.

1. V. articulata Northrop. Stem and branches very stout: leaves obsolete:
lateral sepals narrowly oblong, 28-33 mm. long: petals oblong-spatulate: lip
28-32 mm. long, the edge undulate-crisped: capsules 7-9 cm. long, stout-
clavate. — Hammocks. — (Bah.)

2. V. Eggersii Rolfe. Stem and branches rather slender: leaf-blades linear
to lanceolate, often partiallj'^ scale-like, 5-7 cm. long: lateral sepals s])atulate
33-36 mm. long: petals narrowly spatulate: lip 30-36 mm. long, abruptly
pointed, the edges crisped: capsules clavate, 5-7 cm. long, slender-clavate. —
Hammocks. — (Bah., Cuba.)

6. PELEXIA Poit. Caulescent herbs with scape-like stems. Leaves
various, the lower cauline with dilated long-petioled blades, the upper cauline
mere sheathing scales. Flowers in a spike. Perianth greenish. Lateral sepals
united at the base and produced into a spur. Petals adnate to the narrow

ORCIIIDACEAE. 53

elongate niedian sepal. Lip elongate, the upper part of the narrow blade
crisped: callosities wanting.

1. P. setacea Lindl. Plant 3-6 dm. tall: blades of the lower cauline leaves
oblong to elliptic, 4-10 em. long: lateral sepals linear-filiform, 15-17 mm.
long, exclusive of the spur: lip .iO-liT mm., the body narrowly elliptic or linear-
elliptic with a slender tip: capsules 14.-17 mm. long. — Hammocks. — {Bah.,
Cuba, Ant.)

7. STENORRHYNCHUS L. C. Rich. Caulescent brightly colored succu-
lent herbs. Leaves various, the basal with more or less elongate blades, early
decaying, upper cauline leaves mere sheathing scales. Flowers in a conspicu-
ous spike. Perianth reddish, yellowish, or white. Lateral sepals narrow,
united at the base and deeurrent as a spur which is adnate to the hypan-
thium. Petals shorter than the lateral sepals. Lip entire, scarcely as long as
the lateral sepals, the blade lanceolate, the claw ciliate, with thickened
margins, destitute of callosities. Stigma-beak subulate.

1. S. orchioides (Sw.) L. C. Rich. Stem 3-7 dm. tall, stout: blades of the basal
leaves elongate, oblong to linear or broadest above or below the middle: spike
conspicuous; red or yellow: lateral sepals linear-lanceolate, 20-27 mm. long:
petals lanceolate, 15-20 mm. long, slightly curved: lip slightly shorter than
the lateral sepals, with a lanceolate body and a stout claw with lateral ridges
and cilia. — Hammocks. (Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

8. IBIDIUM Salisb. Caulescent herbs. Leaves various, the basal and
lower cauline with usually narrow blades, the upper cauline leaves mere sheath-
ing scales. Spike spiral, compact. Perianth pale. Median sepal and petals
coherent: lateral sepals erect. Lip erect, or with a spreading tip, with 2 basal
callosities, the lower portion folded around the very short column. Stigma
with a 2-forked beak. [Gi/ro.stachys Pers.] — Ladies '-tresses.

Flowers borne in a single rank : spike secund.

Basal leaves short: blades wide: spike scarcely spiral. 1. I. lonr/ilahre.

Basal leaves elongate ; blades very narrow : spike strongly
spiral.
Blades of the basal leaves flat: lip 7-ft mm. long. 2. I. larhiiatiim.

Blades of the basal leaves channeled : lip 4-6 mm. long. 3. /. tortile.

Flowers borne in several ranks: spike not secund. 4. I.ccrnuum.

1. I. longilabre (Lindl.) House. Plants 2-4 dm. tall: basal leaves 2-5 cm.
long; blades lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate: median sepal 8-10 mm. long:
lip 7-8 mm. long, often with a very broad base. — Pinelands.

2. I. laciniatum (Small) House. Plants 3-9 dm. tall: basal leaves mostly
10-40 cm. long; blades elongate-linear or slightly tapering to both ends:
median sepal 8-10 mm. long: lip 7-9 mm. long, much longer than wide, with
long slender callosities. — Everglades.

3. I. tortile (Sw.) House. Plants 2-4.5 dm. tall: basal leaves 8-30 cm long;
blades elongate-linear, often rather slender: median sepal 5-6 mm. long: lip
mostly 4-6 mm. long, slightly longer than wide, with short, stout, callosities. —
Pinelands. — {Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

4. L cemuum (L.) House. Plants 1..5-7 dm. tall: basal leaves 5-30 em. long;
blades linear to narrowly oblong, flat: median sepal 8-12 mm. long: lip mostly
8-11 mm. long, oblong or with a dilated base. [/. odoratum (Xutt.) House.]
— Everglades and along creeks.

9. BEADLEA Small. Caulescent herbs. Leaves various, the basal and
lower cauline with wide blades, the upper cauline mere sheathing scales.

54 OECHIDACEAE.

Spike lax. Perianth whitish. Median sepal and petals coherent: lateral
sepals erect. Lip with a large body, completely involute, about the long
column and a short nearly erect tip, the basal callosities commonly minute or
obscure. Stigma-beak not forked.

1. B. cranichoides (Griseb.) Small. Stems 1-2.5 dm. tall: blades of the basal
leaves ovate, somewhat oblique, 2-3 cm. long: lateral sepals lanceolate, mostly
4-5 mm. long, acuminate: petals linear, acute: lip 4-5.5 mm. long, the body
cuneate, the tip rhombic, about as broad as long, the callosities minute or
obscure. [B. Storeri (Chapm.) Small.] — Hammocks. — (Cuba.)

10. CRANICHIS Sw. Caulescent succulent herbs with coarse roots.
Leaves various, the lower cauline with mostly long-petioled dilated blades, the
upper ones reduced to partially sheathing scales. Flowers in a terminal spike.
Perianth white or whitish. Lateral sepals broad, slightly inequilateral. Petals
narrow, much smaller than the sepals. Lip longer than the petals, concave.

1. C. muscosa Sw. Plants 1-3 dm. tall, the stem scaly: leaf -blades oblong-
elliptic, oval or ovate, 2.5-7 cm. long: lateral sepals ovate, 3-3.5 mm. long:
petals narrowly elliptic to cuneate-spatulate, 2.5-3 mm. long: lip oblong or
nearly so, about 3 mm. long, sessile. — Hammocks. — (Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

11. PBESCOTTIA Lindl. Caulescent herbs with stout roots. Leaves
various, the basal ones with broad blades, the cauline ones reduced to sheath-
ing scales. Flowers in a terminal spike. Perianth white, pink, or greenish.
Lateral sepals broad, nearly equilateral. Petals much smaller than the sepals.
Lip very broad, the blade auricled at the base.

1. P. oligantha (Sw.) Lindl. Plants 2-4 dm. tali, the stem with narrow
scales : blades of the lower leaves ovate or oblong to oval, 2-6 em. long : lateral
sepals ovate, about 1.5 mm. long: petals ovate to oblong-ovate, about 1 mm.
long: lip 1.2-1.5 mm. long, the blade suborbieular, with minute auricles at the
base. — Hammocks. — (Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

12. PONTHIEVA E. Br. Caulescent herbs with scape -like stems from
clustered roots. Leaves various, the lower cauline with dilated blades, the
upper mere scales. Eaceme lax. Perianth greenish. Lateral sepals ovate,
slightly inequilateral. Petals drooping, the blades very inequilateral, slender-
clawed. Lip relatively small, concave, beaked, short-clawed.

Petal-blades about as wide as long : anther linear. 1. P. racemosa.

Petal-blades decidedly longer than wide : anther oblong. 2. P. Brittonae.

1. P. racemosa (Walt.) C. Mohr. Plants 2-5 dm. tall: blades of the lower caul-
ine leaves oblong to ovate-oval, 4-13 cm. long or more: lateral sepals ovate,
5-5.5 mm. long, acutish: petals about as long as the sepals, the claw shorter
than the blade: lip 4-4.5 mm. long. — Hammocks. — (Cuba, Ant.)

2. P. Brittonae O. Ames. Plants 1-4 dm. tall: blades of the lower cauline
leaves oblong, ovate, or obovate, 3-11 cm. long: lateral sepals ovate, 4-4.5
mm. long, acute: petals about as long as the sepals: lij) 3-3.5 mm. long. —
Pinelands. — (Bah.)

13. PHYSITRUS L. C. Rich. Caulescent succulent herbs, the stems leafy.
Leaves with wide blades. Spike compact. Perianth whitish or greenish.
Lateral sepals relatively broad, decurrent, together with the base of the lip,
as a sac partially adnate to the hypanthium. Petals mostly smaller than the
sepals. Lip 3-lobed. the terminal lobe quite as long as the body of the lateral
lobes, with a reflexed tip, the broad claw-like base forming part of the spur.

ORCIIIDACEAE. 55

1. P. querciticola Liinll. Plant 1-3 dm. tall: leaf-blades lanceolate to ovate,
1-6 cm. long: lateral sepals 4-4.5 mm. long: petals 8.5-4 mm. long, narrower
than tho sepals, inecjuilateral. — Hammocks. — F. K. (Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

14. TBOPIDIA Lindl. Caulescent somewhat woody herbs with fibrous
roots. Leaves with plicate blades terminating long sheathing bases. Panicle
stalked. Perianth greenish-white. Lateral sepals uearly equilateral. Petals
somewhat smaller than the sepals, slightly curved. Lip shorter than the
petals, with a saccate base and a slightly curved blade.

1. T. polystachya (Sw.) O. Ames. Stems 3-5 dm. tall, branched: leaf -blades
elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate, 5-20 cm. long, persistent: lateral sepals oblong
or nearly so, (3-7 mm. long: petals 5-6 mm. long: lip 4-4.5 mm. long, con-
stricted about the middle: capsules 9-11 mm. long. — Hammocks. — {Cuba,
Ant.)

15. MALAXIS Soland. Terrestrial scaijose herbs with corms. Leaves
mainly elongate sheaths, the upper one, or two, bearing a dilated blade at the
top. Kaceme erect. Perianth white or greenish. Lateral sepals slightly
equilateral. Petals linear-filiform or filiform, shorter than the sepals. Lip
broad, cordate at the base, sometimes lobed at the apex. Capsules spreading.

1. M. floridana (Chapm.) Small. Leaves mostly 2; blades ovate to oblong-
ovate, 3-10 cm. long: scape 1-3 dm. tall: racemes stoutish: lateral sepals
oblong or nearly so, about 3 mm. long, obtuse: lip about 3.5 mm. long,
auricled at the base, with a broad blunt tip: capsules 6-7 mm. long. — Ham-
mocks.— Adder 's-mouth.

16. POLYSTACHYA Hook. Epiphytic herbs. Leaves several, approxi-
mate at the base of the flower-stem. Panicle often 1-sided. Perianth mainly
yellow. Lateral sepals broad, adnate to the long column-foot. Petals nar-
row. Lip dilated, 3-lobed, jointed to the column-foot, folded up against the
edges of the lateral sepals. Capsules nodding.

1. P. minuta (Aubl.) Britton. Plants 1-6 dm. tall: blades of the lower
cauline leaves oblong to broadly linear, 1-3 dm. long: lateral sepals triangular,
5-6 mm. long, acute : petals spatulate or linear-cuneate, 3-3.5 mm. long,
obtuse: lip 5-6 mm. long, the lateral lobes directed forward and uearly
equaling the broad middle lobe: capsules 9-11 mm. long. — Hammocks. — (Bah.,
Cuba, A7it.)

17. SPATHIGER Small. Epiphytic herbs with creeping stems and
branches. Leaves mostly ascending or spreading, with rather narrow blades,
and sheathing bases. Flowers in the axils of clasping bracts. Perianth small
and inconspicuous. Lateral sepals broad, often wider than the median one.
Petals rather broad, scarcely dilated upward. Lip concave ; blade ovate, sub-
orbicular, or reniform. Column short, wholly adnate to the lip. Capsule erect.

1. S. rigidus (Jacq.) Small. Plants with creeping stem and branches 1-5
dm. long: loaf-blades oblong, sometimes narrowly so, 4-8 cm. long: perianth
greenish: lateral sepals ovate or oblong-ovate, 5-7 mm. long: petals broadly
linear to oblong-spatulate: lip green; blade 2-3 mm. long, triangular-reni-
form to suborbicular, bearing callosities near the base: capsules 1.5-18 mm.
long. [Epidendrum rigidum Jacq.] — Hammocks. — (Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

18. AUIiIZA Salisb. Epiphytic herbs with erect or ascending, often
tufted, stems. Leaves ascending or spreading, with broad or narrow blades.

56 ORCHIDACEAE.

and sheathing bases, the lower portion of the stem often merely scaly and
sometimes thickened after the manner of an elongate pseudobulb. Flowers
in a terminal open or contracted raceme or panicle, usuallj' long-pedicelled.
Perianth rather large, often showy. Lateral sepals obtuse, acute, or attenuate,
often elongate. Petals spatulate or slender and attenuate. Lip relatively
large, entire or fimbriate, the middle lobe, wanting, minute or elongate.
Column elongate, wholly adnate to the lip-base. Capsules drooping.

Lip with 2 latfiral lobes directed forward and an elongate slender middle lobe :
petals slenderly attenuate : lateral sepals narrow. 1. A. nocturna.

Lip with 2 broad spreading lateral lobes and a broad short notched

middle lobe : petals spatulate : lateral sepals broad. 2. A. difformis.

1. A. nocturna (L.) Small. Plants 3-11 dm. tall: leaf -blades oblong to
broadly linear, 8-16 cm. long: j^erianth showy: lateral sepals linear-attenuate,
40-60 mm. long, green: petals narrower than the sepals: lip white; blade with
2 ovate or oblong-ovate lateral lobes directed forward and a linear-setaceous
middle lobe 3.5-50 mm. long: capsule-body 3-5 cm. long. [Epidendrum noc-
turnum L.] — Hammocks. — {Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

2. A. diflformis (Jaccj.) Small. Plants 1-3.5 dm. tall: leaf -blades oblong or
nearly so, 4-8 cm. long: perianth green: lateral sepals more or less oblique,
sometimes broadly simitar-shaped, 12-15 mm. long : lip green ; blade 7-8 mm.
long, reniform to orbicular-reniform, with broad rounded lateral lobes and a
short notched middle lobe: capsule-body 13-16 mm. long. [Epidendrum
difforme Jacq.] — Hammocks. — (Cuba, Ant.)

19. ENCYCLIA Hook. Epiphytic herbs with terete pseudobulbs which
bear several erect or arching elongate leaves and a scaly elongate branched
flowering stem at the apex. Flowers nodding, subtended by small bracts.
Perianth often conspicuous. Lateral sepals rather broad, usually about as
wide as the median one. Petals usually of a spatulate type. Lip 3-lobed, the
middle lobe much broader than the lateral ones. Column slightly adnate to
the lip. Capsules drooping, ribbed.

1. E. tampense (Lindl.) Small. Plants 1.5-6 dm. tall: leaf-blades linear to
narrowly linear-lanceolate, 8-20 cm. long: flower-stem typically branched:
lateral sepals 17-20 mm. long, slightly broadened upward; petals spatulate,
deeper brown-shaded than the sepals: lip white and rose-purple; blade 15-17
mm. long, the lateral lobes oblong-lanceolate, the middle lobe orbicular or
reniform-orbicular : capsule-body 25-30 mm. long. [Epidendrum tampeiise
Lindl.] — Hammocks. — F. K.

20. EPICLADIUM Small. Epiphytic herbs with short flattened pseudo-
bulbs which bear several short erect leaves and a relatively short mostly
simple flowering stem which is subtended by a long foliaceous spathe.
Flowers erect or ascending, subtended by minute bracts. Perianth showy.
Lateral sepals rather short, about as wide as the median one. Petals nearly
resembling the lateral sepals or more dilated upward. Lip shorter than the
sepals and petals, the blade usually rhombic. Column partly adnate to the
lip. Capsules nodding, winged.

1. E. Boothianum (Lindl.) Small. Plants 1-2 dm. tall, with flattened subor-
bicular pseudobulbs: leaf-blades spatulate, 6-12 cm. long: flower-stem simple:
lateral sepals 11-13 mm. long, elliptic or slightly liroadonod u])ward : petals
l>roadly spatulate, brown-si>otteil like the sei)als: lip yellow or mainly so;
blade rhombic, 4-6 mm. long, the broad lateral lobes spreading; capsxde-body
25-30 mm. long. [Epidendrum Boothianum Lindl.] — Hammocks. — F. K. (Bah.,
Cuba.)

ORCHIDACEAE. 57

21. ANACHEILIUM llolinig. Epijihytic herbs with elongate flattened
pseudobulbs wliich bear several elongate erect leaves and a simple flowering
stem at the apex. Flowers nodding, subtended by often lanceolate bracts.
Perianth usually showy. Lateral sepals narrow and elongate, usually attenu-
ate, resembling the median one. Petals usually slightly shorter than the
sepals. Lip much shorter than the sepals and petals; blade very broad,
clamshell-like, entire. Column partly adnate to the lip. Capsules drooping,
wing-angled.

1. A. cochleatum (L.) Iloffmg. Plants 2-5 dm. tall; leaf -blades linear or
nearly so, 1.5-4 dm. long: flower-stem simple: lateral sepals 25-30 mm. long,
linear-lanceolate and attenuate: lip brown or purplish; blade orbicular-reni-
form, 16-20 mm. long, entire, abruptly pointed : capsule-body 20-30 mm.
long. [Epidendrum cochleatum L.] — Hammocks. — F. K. (Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

22. LIMODORUM [Gronov.] L. Scapose herbs with corms. Leaves
few, consisting of several sheathing scales, except one with an elongate blade.
Flowers iti a terminal raceme-like spike. Perianth mainly purple, pink-
purple or white. Lateral sepals inequilateral, shorter than the median one.
Petals nearly equilateral, somewhat narrowed at the base. Lip with 2
minute lateral lobes, and a dilated middle lobe bearded with clavate hairs.
— Grass-pink.

Dilated portion of the middle lobe of the lip narrowed down to the lateral lobes.

Lateral sepals broadly ovate : crest of the lip extending to the margins.

1. L. miilti/loyinn.

Lateral sepals oblong-ovate: crest of the lip central. 2. h. pinetorum.

Dilated portion of the middle lobe of the lip separated from the

lateral lobes by a linear stalk-like base. 3. L. Simpsonii.

1. Ii. multiflomm (Lindl.) C. Mohr. Leaf -blades linear, 8-15 cm. long:
scape 2— i dm. tall: perianth deep-purple: lateral sepals ovate, 10-12 mm.
long, acute: petals 12-13 mm. long, the blades ovate or obovate: middle lobe
of the lip broadly cuneate, 8-9 mm. wide, truncate and mucronate: column-
wings rhombic. — Everglades.

2. L. pinetorum Small. Leaf -blades narrowly linear, 0.5-1.5 dm. long: scape
1-2.5 dm. tall: perianth deep-rose: lateral sepals oblong-ovate, 10.5-11.5 mm.
long, acutish: petals 11-12 mm. long, the blade oblong: middle lobe of the
lip cuneate, 0-8 mm. wide, nearly truncate at the apex and mucronate:
column-wings half-orbicular.^ — Pinelands.

3. L. Simpsonii Small. Leaf-blade narrowly linear, 30-40 cm. long: scape
5-9 dm. tall: perianth purple or rarely white: lateral sepals half-orbicular,
17-18 mm. long^ cuspidate: petals 20-22 mm. long, the blade oblong-ovate:
middle lobe of the lip 8-10 mm. wide, obreniform, emarginate, mostly over 11
mm. wide: column-wings broadly obovate. — Everglades. — (Bah., Cuba.)

23. BLETIA R. & P. Caulescent herbs with corms. Leaves several
from the top of the corni, mostly persisting until after the lateral flower-stem
arises. Raceme loosely flowered. Perianth mainly pink or purplish. Lateral
sepals slightly inequilateral. Petals nearly or quite similar to the lateral
sepals. Lip wide, crested, 3-lobed, the middle lobe crisped. Capsules mostly
erect.

1. B. purpurea (Lam.) DC. Leaf-blades broadly linear to linear-elliptic,
1.5-3.5 dm. long, attenuate: flower-stem 3-11 dm. tall: lateral sepals oblong-
ovate to broadly oblong. 11-16 mm. long, abruptly acuminate: petals oval
or ovate-oval, barely as long as the sepals; lip 11-15 mm. long, with a broad

58 ORCHIDACEAE.

base, ear-like lateral lobes and a crisped and crested middle lobe: capsule 3-4
cm. long. [B. verecunda Sw.] — Pinelauds — F. K, {Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

24. CYETOPODIUM E. Br. Epiphytic herbs. Leaves borne on a stout
club-like pseudobulb, from the base of Avhich arises the lateral flower-stem.
Panicle diffuse. Perianth mainly brown or yellow. Lateral sepals relatively
broad. Petals longer than the sepals. Lip wider than long, the lateral lobes
larger than the middle one, the claw jointed to the slender column-foot.
Capsules drooping.

1. C. punctatum Lindl. Pseudobulbs 1.5-4 dm. long: leaf -blades broadly
linear-attenuate, 3-7 dm. long: flower-stem S-15 dm. long: perianth yellowish-
green: lateral sepals oval or obovate, 14-16 mm. long: petals oblong, 18-21
mm. long: lip butterfly-like, 21-24 mm. wide, the median lobe reniform, with
a beaded margin, the lateral lobes larger than the middle one: capsule 6-10
cm. long. — Ilaniniocks.- — (Cuba.)

25. TRIOBCHOS Small ^- Nash. Caulescent herbs with cornis. Leaves
several, arising from the corm before the lateral flower-stem. Eacemes with
elongate bracts. Perianth mainly brown. Lateral sepals curved, slightly
adnate to the column-foot. Petals nearly equilateral, shorter than the lateral
sepals. Lip fully as wide as long, crestless, 3-lobed, the lateral lobes spread-
ing. Capsules erect.

1. T. ecristatus (Fernald) Small. Leaf -blades linear to narrowly linear-
elliptic, 2-5 dm. long: flower-stem virgate, 14-21 dm. tall: lateral sepals oblong
to oblong-lanceolate, 8-9 mm. long: petals usually elliptic-lanceolate, 7-8
mm. long: lip 7-8 mm. long, the middle lobe much larger than the lateral
lobes: capsules about 2 cm. long. — Pinelands. — (Cuba.)

26. PLATYPUS Small & Xash. Caulescent herbs with corms. Leaves
several from the top of the corm, persisting until the lateral flower-stem arises.
Flowers in a terminal raceme with small bracts. Perianth mainly brown and
purple. Lateral sej)als slightly dilated upward, broader than the median one,
decurrent to the base of the forked column-foot. Petals shorter than the
lateral sepals, less decurrent. Lip concave at the base, papillose-crested,
shallowly 3-lobed, the middle lobe drooping. Capsules mostly ascending,

1, P, altus (L.) Small. Leaf -blades narrowly linear-elliptic to almost linear,
2-5 dm. long: llower-stem 5-12 dm. tall: lateral sepals oblong or nearly so,
14-16 mm. long: petals broader than the lateral sepals: lip 16-18 mm. long,
the middle lobe 8-10 mm. wide, papillose-crested. — Everglades. — {Cuba, Ant.)

27. MACRADENLA E, Br. Epiphytic caulescent herbs with pseudo-
bulbs. Leaves terminating the pseudobulbs from the base of which arises the
drooping flower-stem. Flowers in lax racemes. Perianth mainly yellowish.
Lateral sepals slightly inequilateral. Petals nearly like the lateral sepals,
slightly smaller. Lip sessile, with 2 broad basal lobes and a narrow middle
lobe,

1, M, lutescens K. Br. Pseudobulbs 2-4 cm. long: lcaf-bla<lcs broadly linear
to oblong-linear, 8-16 cm. long: flower-stem mostly shorter than the leaves,
drooping: perianth yellowish: lateral sepals elliptic-lanceolate, 8-9.5 mm.
long: lip 8-10 mm. long, the lateral lobes forming a reniform body terminated
with the linear-lanceolate middle lobe. — Hammocks. — {Cuba, Ant.)

CASUARINACEAE. 59

28. ONCIDIUM Sw. Epiphytic or Konietinies terrestrial herbs, with
pseudobulbs. Leaves with broad or narrow aud elongate blades, terminating
the pseudobulb from the base of which arises the llower-stem. Flowers in a
raceme or panicle. Perianth often mottled. Lateral sepals slightly inequi-
lateral, leflexed or spreading. Petals often similar to the sepals. Lip crested,
clawless or short-clawed, 3-lobed, the middle lobe larger than the lateral ones.

Epiphytic : middle lobe of the lip 20-24 mm. wide : leaf-blades not elongate

1. O. iiiiiliiliitiiiii.
Terrestrial: middle lolie of the lip 11-14 mm. wide: leaf-blades

elongate. 2. O. sphacelatum.

1. O. undulatum (Sw.) Salisb. Pseudobulbs 1-2 cm. long: leaf-blades
oblong, elliptic, or oblong-lanceolate, 3-6 dm. long: flower-stem, 12-19 dm.
long: lateral sepals 16-19 mm. long, the blade oval or obovate, crisped: petals
15-18 mm. long, the blade obovate to cuueate: lip 18-20 mm. long, the middle
lobe 20-2i itmi. wide. — Hammocks. — (Cuba, Ant.)

2. O. sphacelatum Lindl. Pseudobulbs 8-11 cm. long: leaf -blades linear,
3-9.5 dm. long: flower-stem 9-21 dm. long: lateral sepals 15-16 mm. long, the
blade oblong-lanceolate: petals 14-15 mm. long, the blade ovate-lanceolate:
lip 13-15 cm. long, the middle lobe 11-14 mm. wide. — Pinelands aud ham-
mocks.— (Ball., Cuba.)

Subclass 2. DICOTYLEDONES.

Stems consisting of pith, wood, and bark (endogenous in rare
cases). Early leaves opposite.

Series 1. CHORIPETALAE.

Petals separate aud distinct from, each other, or wanting.

Order CASUARINALES.

Shrubs or trees, with loosely jointed branches resembling stems of
Equisetum. Leaves reduced to scales, whorled at the nodes and decurrent
on the internodes. Flowers monoecious, the staminate in slender terminal
spikes with imbricate bracts, often with a posterior and anterior iDcrianth-
part, 1 stamen with a large anther. Pistillate flowers in dense spikes or
cones: perianth wanting: ovary 1-ceIled : style-branches slender. Fruit an
aggregate of winged aehenes.

Family 1. CASUARINACEAE. Beefwood Faiiilt.

Stems with more or less whorled branches. Staminate spikes long-
stalked. Pistillate spikes short-stalked. Gynoecium 2-carpellaiw.

1. CASUARINA Adans. Stem clothed with a smooth or smoothish bark,
except when very old. Stamens with long filaments and short anthers.
Stigmas elongate. Fruiting spike compact.

1. C. equisetifolia Forst. A tree often 10 m. tall, with many slender branches:
leaves (scales) 1-3 mm. long, 6-8 in each whorl: staminate spikes 1-4 cm.
long: pistillate spikes globular, becoming 1-2 cm. in diameter in fruit: seed-
wing nearly thrice as long as the body. — Cultivated grounds and waste places.

60 SALICACEAE.

Nat. from Oeeanica, and cultivated. — F. K. (Bah., Cuba, Ant.) — Beeftvood.

AUSTRALIAX-PIXE.

Order PIPERALES.
Herbs of wet or moist places, usually with rootstocks, or shrubs or
trees. Leaves with simple blades. Flowers perfect or unisexual. Peri-
anth wanting. Anclroecium of several stamens. Gynoecium of 1, or of
several distinct or united carpels. Fruit baccate, drupaceous, capsular,
or nut-like.

Carpels distinct or nearly so, 3-4 : ovules 2-8 in each cavity. Fam. 1. Sadruraceae.

Carpels united to form a single pistil : ovule 1 in each cavity. Fam. 2. Pipeeaceae.

Family 1. SAURURACEAE. Lizard's-tail Family.

Herbs with rootstocks. Leaves alternate, sometimes basal. Flowers
spicate or racemose. Androeeium of 3-8 stamens. Gynoecium of 3 or 4
distinct or nearly distinct carpels. Stig-mas simple. Fruit capsular.

1. SAURiniUS [Plum.] L. Marsh herbs. Leaf-blades membranous,
cordate. Raceme with a drooping tip, the bractlets adnate to the pedicels or
ovaries. Pistils 3 or 4. Mature carpels veiny, opening introrsely.

1. S. cemuus L. Stems 3-12 dm. tall: leaf-blades ovate to ovate-lanceolate,
8-15 cm. long, acuminate, petioled: racemes 1-2 dm. long: filaments clavate,
about 4 mm. long: fruit depressed, the carpels about 2 mm. high. — Everglades.
— Lizard's-tail.

Family 2. PIPERACEAE. Pepper Family.

Herbs, shrubs, or trees. Leaf-blades mostlj^ fleshy or leathery.
Spikes, or rarely racemes, simple or compound, the bractlets cup-like or
peltate. Androeeium of 2-6, or rarely 8-10, stamens. Gynoecium of 3,
or rarely more, united carpels, the ovaiy 1-celled. Fruit diiipaceous.

1. PEPEROMIA R. & P. Herbs, commonly epiphytic. Leaf -blades
fleshy. Spikes stiff, the bractlets peltate. Stamens 2. Pistil solitary.
Stigmas tufted. Drupe with a thin pericarp.

1. P. obtusifolia (L.) A. Dietr. Plants glabrous: stems creeping, 2-8 dm.
long: leaf-blades 6-12 cm. long, oval varying to ovate or obovate: spikes 4-6
mm. thick, green. [P. magnoUaefolia (Jacq.) CDC] — Hammocks. — (Bah.,
Cuba, Ant.)

Order SALIC ALES.

Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate : blades simple, entire or toothed.
Flowers dioecious, in aments, the staminate consisting of an androeeium
of 1 or 2 stamens or more, the pi.stillate consisting of a gynoecium of 2 or
4 united carpels. Ovules numerous. Fruit capsular.

Family 1. SALICACEAE. Willow Family.

Shrubs or trees, with soft wood. Ijcaf-blades very narrow to very
broad. Aments erect or drooping, the bracts mostly ciliate or toothed.
Capsules narrowed to the apex. Seeds usually with a tuft of hairs.

FAGACEAE. 61

1. SALIX [Tourn.] L. Shrubs or trees, the buds with a single scale.
Leaf-blades pinnately veined, relatively short-petioled. Stamens 2, or rarely
1-7: anthers yellow or reddish. Ovary stipitate: stigmas not dilated.

1. S. amphibia Small. Shrub, or small tree becoming 16 m. tall, the twigs
purplish or purple: leaf-blades linear-lanceolate or oblong, 3-13 cm. long:
stamiiiate ameuts 1.5-5 cm. long, the bracts finely pubescent: capsules conic
in outline, about 3 times as long as the pedicels. — Everglades and about ham-
mocks.— Willow.

Order MYRICALES.

Shrubs or small trees, usually aromatic. Leaves alternate: blades
simple, sometimes toothed or pinnatifid. Flowers dioecious or monoecious,
the staminate in long aments, each flower consisting of an androecium of
2-8 stamens, the pistillate in short aments, each flower consisting of a
gynoecium of 2 united carpels on a bract subtended by 2 bractlets and
surrounded by 2-8 scales. Stigmas 2. Ovule solitary. Fruit a nut, the
epicarp often waxy.

Family 1. MYRICACEAE. Bayberry Family.

Leaves resinous-dotted. Staminate and pistillate flowers in scaly
aments. Perianth wanting. Ovary 1-celled.

1. CEROTHAMNUS Tidestrom. Dioecious shrubs. Leaf-blades entire
or merely toothed. Pistillate aments not bristly. Fruit globose, drupe-like
with a fleshy waxy epicarp.

1. C. ceriferus (L.) Small. Shrub, or tree becoming 12 m. tall: leaf -blades
oblauceolate to oblong-oblauceolate, 3-10 cm. long, entire or sharply toothed:
staminate aments 1-1.5 cm. long: nuts 2-3 mm. in diameter. [Mijrica cerifera
L., Morella cerifera (L.) Small.] — Pinelands and hammocks. — F. K. (Ber.,
Bah., Cuba, Ant.) — Bayberry. Wax-myrtle. Myrtle.

Order FAGALES.

Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate : blades simple. Flowers monoe-
cious or rarely dioecious, at least the staminate borne in aments, the pis-
tillate sometimes with an involucre which becomes a bur or cup in fruit.
Calyx usually present. Corolla wanting. Fruit a nut or rarely a samara.

Family 1. FAGACEAE. Beech Family.

Shrubs or trees, the wood usually coarse-gi'ained. Leaves sometimes
persistent : blades simple, entire, toothed, or lobed. Staminate aments
elongate or globular, the calyx of 4r-7 partially united sepals. Pistillate
flowers solitary or several together, each subtended by a bristly involucre,
the sepals thick. Fmit a bur-like or cup-like involucre enclosing or sub-
tending 1 or more nuts.

1. QUERCTJS [Tourn.] L. Shrubs or trees, with coarse-grained wood.
Leaf-blades entire, toothed, or lobed. Staminate aments drooping: calyx
4-7-lobed: stamens 6-12, the filaments relatively short. Pistillate flowers
solitary or several: ovary usually 3-celled: stigmas 3, dilated. Mature invo-
lucre saucer-like or cup-like subtending the nut, or rarely enclosing it. — Oak.

62 UETICACEAE

Plants with subterranean stems : in pinelands.

Leaf-blades entire : cup saucer-shaped to hemispheric ; nut rounded at the apex.

1. Q. ptimila.
Leaf-blades (lower) pinnatelv toothed or lobed : cup turbinate:

nut tapering. 2. Q. minima.

Plants with erect stems : in hammocks.

Cup turbinate or hemispheric : nut long : leaf-blades pale be-
neath, pubescent. 3. Q. rirginiana.
Cup saucer-shaped : nut very short : leaf-blades not pale be-
neath, glabrous. 4. Q. myrtifolia.

1. Q. pumila Walt. Shrub with underground stems, the branches 3-6 dm.
tall, or sometimes taller: leaf -blades narrowly oblong, varying to lanceolate
or oblanceolate, 5-12 cm. long, finely tomentose beneath, entire, sometimes
slightly crisped: acorns sessile or nearly so; cup saucer-shaped, sometimes
deeply so, 12-15 mm. wide; nut ovoid, 10-15 mm. long. — Pinelands.

2. Q. minima (Sarg.) Small. Shrub with underground stems, the branches
less than 1 m. tall: leaf-blades obovate, or sometimes oblong or oblanceolate
in outline, 3-10 cm. long, glabrous or finely pubescent beneath, repand-
toothed, or those of the upper leaves sometimes entire: acorns solitary or
several on a peduncle ; cup hemispheric, about 15 mm. wide ; nut ovoid or
elliptic, 15-18 mm. long. — Pinelands.

3. Q. virginiana Mill. Tree becoming 30 m. tall: leaf -blades oval or oblong,
varying to obovate or oblanceolate, 3-12 em. long, entire, smooth; acorns
solitary or spicate on peduncles; cup hemispheric, 15-20 mm. wide; nut ovoid
or oblong-ovoid, 20-25 mm. long, twice as long as the cup. — Hammocks. —
(Cuba.) — Ln'E-OAK.

4. Q. myrtifolia Willd. Shrub, or tree becoming 6 m. tall: leaf-blades
obovate or oval, 2-5 em. long, entire, shining above, dull beneath: acorns
sessile or nearly so; cup saucer-shaped, 10-13 mm. wide; nut ovoid or oblong-
ovoid, 10-14 mm. long. — Hammocks.

Order URTICALES.

Shnibs or trees, or herbs. Leaves alternate, or in the case of herbs

often opposite : blades simple, entire, toothed, or divided. Flowers various,

not in aments. Calyx present. Corolla wanting. Androecium often of

as many stamens as there are sepals. Gynoecium of a single carpel or of

2 united carpels. Fruit an achene, a samara, drupe, syncar]-), or syconium.

Fruit an achene, the achenes sometimes in the accrescent sepals and disposed In a
syncarp.
Flowers not on a receptacle : fruits not forming syncarps : sepals neither thick

and juicy, nor enveloping the achenes. Fam. 1. Urticacbab.

Flowers on the outside or inside of a receptacle : fruits
forming syncarps : sepals accrescent, enveloping the

achenes. Fam. 2. Artoc-vkpaceae.

Fruit a samara or a drupe, sometimes nut-like. Fam. 3. Ulmaceae.

Fajiily 1. URTICACEAE. Nettle Family.

Herbs or shrubby plants (ours), often Avith stinging hairs. Leaf-
blades entire, toothed, or rarely lobed. Flowers dioecious, monoecious, or
polygamous, cymose. Calyx of 2-5 distinct or partially united sepals.
Androecium of 2-.5 stamens. Gynoecium a single carpel. Fruit an achene.

Flower-clusters not Involucrate : leaves mostly opposite.

Sepals of the pistillate flowers distinct or nearly so, not Investing the achene:

ptigma tufted. 1- Pilea.

Sepals of the pistillate flowers united, the tube Investing the

achene : stigma elongate. 2. Boeiimbhia,

Flower-clusters involucrate : leaves mostly alternate. 3- Parietaria.

ARTOCARPACEAE. 63

1. PILEA LiiiJl. Depressetl, often creeping, succulent herbs. Leaves
mainly alternate: blades entire, l-ribbed. Flowers monoecious. Sepals of
the pistillate flowers 3, very unequal, 2 of them flat, the third one much
larger, helmet-like, often enclosing the achene. Stigma tufted.

1. P. microphylla (L.) Liebm. Plants with spreading or creeping succulent
branches 2-15 cm. long: leaf-blades elliptic, oblanceolate, or obovate, 2-6
mm. long, acute or acutish : cymes sessile or nearly so : sepals ovate, thin,
about 0.5 mm. long, abruptly pointed, greenish or pink: achenes about 0.4 mm.
long. — Pinelands. — F. K. {Bah., Cuha, Ant.)

2. BOEHMERIA Jacq. Perennial herbs. Leaves opposite: blades
toothed, often o-ribbed. Flowers monoecious, in clusters on branches, the
pistillate with 4 united sepals surrounding the ovary. Stigma elongate.
Achene included in the horseshoe-like accrescent calyx.

1. B. scabra (Porter) Small. Stem 2-15 dm. tall, typically rough-pubescent:
leaf-blades firm, ovate to elliptic-ovate, 2-5 cm. long, or rarely longer, short-
petioled: flower-clusters mostly contiguous: achenes about 1.5 mm. wide. —
Everglades. — False-xettle.

3. PARIETARIA [Touru.] L. Flimsy succulent herbs. Leaves alter-
nate: blades entire. Flowers polygamous, in clustered involucrate axillary
cymes, the involucres of 2-6 more or less united bracts. Stigma tufted.

1. P. floridana Nutt. Stems 1-5 dm. long, usually puberulent, often much
branched: leaf -blades ovate to subrhombic, 0.5-5 cm. long: sepals acute:
achene ovoid, 1 mm. long. — Hammocks. — F. K. (Ber., Cuba). — Pellitory.

Family 2. ARTOCARPACEAE. Mulberry Family.

Shrubs or trees, the sap milky. Leaves mostly alternate: blades
equilateral, entire, toothed, or lobed. Flowers monoecious or dioecious, in
ament-like spikes or enclosed in a receptacle, the staminate with 3 or 4
stamens, the pistillate with a calyx of 3-5 sepals which greatly enlarge
and subtend or envelojDe the achene : gynoecium of 1 or of 2 united carpels ;
styles or stigmas 1 or 2. Fruit a syncarp or syconium.
Flowers on the outside of a receptacle: styl wanting: stigmas not eccentric.

1. MORDS.

Flowers on the inside of a receptacle : style present, eccentric. 2. Ficds.

1. MOBUS [Tourn.] L. Shrubs or trees, with scaly bark. Leaves de-
ciduous: blades commonly serrate, sometimes lobed. Flowers in pedunculate
spikes: staminate in cylindric spikes, with 4 sepals and 4 stamens. Pistillate
spikes cylindric: sepals 4, the lateral ones larger than the others: stigmas 2,
short. Fruit cylindric, the achenes included in the calyx. — Mulberry.

1. M. rubra L. Tree becoming 20 m. tall, with nearly glabrous twigs: leaf-
blades ovate to oval-ovate, 6-20 cm. long, softly pubescent beneath: staminate
spikes 4-8 cm. long: fruit cylindric, 3-6 cm. long, deep-red or purplish. —
Hammocks. — (Ber. ) — Red-mulberry.

2. FICUS [Tourn.] L. Shrubs, trees, or vines, with smoothish bark.
Leaves mainly persistent: blades entire, toothed, or lobed. Flowers in hollow
receptacles, the staminate with a calyx of 2-6 sepals, or these obsolete, and
1 or 2, or rarely 3, stamens. Pistillate flowers numerous: style rather long:

64 ULMACEAE.

stigma clavate, peltate, or 2-lobed. Fruit depressed, globular, or elongate,
the achenes included. — Fig.

Receptacle sessile: leaf-blades narrowed at the base. 1. F. aurea.

Receptacle stalked : leaf-blades rounded or cordate at the base. 2. F. brevifolia.

1. F. aurea Nutt. Tree, often starting as a vine, becoming 20 m. tall, with
glabrous twigs: leaf-blades oblong, or oval, 3-10 cm. long, acute or short-
acuminate at the base: fruit spheroidal or obovoid, about 2 em. in diameter.
— Hammocks. — F. K. (Bah., Cuba, Aiit.) — Golden-fig.

2. F. 'brevifolia Nutt. Shrub, or tree sometimes 15 m. tall, with glabrous
twigs: leaf -blades ovate, oval, or rarely obovate, 3-10 cm. long, mainly
rounded or cordate at the base: fruits subglobose, 2-2.5 cm. in diameter.
[F. populnea Nutt.] — Piuelands and hammocks. — F. K. (Bah., Cuba, Ant.)
— Wild-fig.

Family 3. ULMACEAE. Elm Family.

Shrubs or trees, the sap wateiy. Leaves alternate : blades inequi-
lateral, commonly toothed. Flowers perfect, polygamous, or monoecious,
variously disposed. Calyx of 4 or 5, or rarely 3-9, partially united sepals.
Androecium of usually as many stamens as there are sepals. Gynoecium
of 2 united carpels. Fruit a samara or a drupe, or nut-like.

Flowers in dichotomous cymes : drupes in axillary cymes. 1. Trema,

Flowers solitary or clustered : drupes solitary. 2. Celtis.

1. TREMA Lour. Unarmed shrubs or trees, the bark smoothish. Leaves
persistent: blades toothed, slightly inequilateral. Calyx rotate, the lobes
much longer than the tube. Stigmas 2, entire. Drupe ovoid or globose.

1. T. floridana Britton. Shrub, or tree 6 m. tall, with copiously pubescent
foliage: leaf -blades ovate, oblong-ovate, or lanceolate, 4-10 cm. long, softly
pubescent beneath: calyx greenish: drupes subglobose, 2.5-3.5 mm. in diam-
eter, yellow or orange. — Hammocks. — F. K.

2. CEIiTIS [Tourn.] L. Unarmed shrubs or trees, the bark often warty.
Leaves deciduous: blades entire or toothed, very inequilateral. Calyx rotate,
the lobes much longer than the tube. Stigmas 2, entire. Drupe subglobose
or oval.

1. C. mississippiensis Bose. Tree becoming 30 m. tall, the twigs sometimes
pubescent: leaf-blades lanceolate varying to ovate-lanceolate or oblong-lanceo-
late, 6-12 em. long, long-acuminate, entire or nearly so: drupes globose or
ovoid-globose, 5-7 mm. in diameter, dark-purple or orange-red. — Hammocks.
— (Ber.) — IIackberry. Sugakberry.

Order POLYGONALES.

Shrubs, herbs, trees, or vines. Leaves alternate, or sometimes oppo-
site or whorled : blades mostly entire: stipules present, usually as a sheath.
Flowers perfect, monoecious, dioecious, or polygamous, variously disposed.
Hypanthium long or short. Calyx of 2-6 sepals, which sometimes develop
keels or wings. Corolla wanting. Androecium of 2-9 stamens. Gynoe-
cium of 2 or 3 united carpels, the ovary superior. Ovule orthoti'opous.
Fruit an achene.

POLYGONACEAE. 65

Family 1. POLYGONACEAE. Buckwheat Family.

Plants various in habit. Lea\fs with manifest, usually sheathing,

stipules (oereae) and inflorescence not involucrate, or the stipules obsolete

and the inflorescence involucrate.

Flowers or flower-clusters involucrate : stamens 9. 1. Eriogonum.

Flowers or flower-clusters not involucrate : stamens 4-S.
Hypanthlum little developed, not investing the acliene.
Internodes of the stem and branches partially adnate.
Inner sepals not fimbriate, sometimes conspicuously
accrescent.
Sepals (inner) accrescent : achene included. -. roi-vcoNELi-.^.

Sepals not accrescent : achene partially exposed. 'A. iJELOpyRuxr.

Inner sepals fimbriate. 4. TnYS.\NKLL.\.

Internodes of the stem and branches not adnate. 5. I^eusicakia.

Ilypanthium strongly developed, investing the achene. 6. Coccolobis.

1. ERIOGONUM Miehx. Herbs, partially ^voody plants or shrubs.
Leaves mainly alternate, without oereae, the stipules scale-like. Flowering-
stems with alternate or whorled bracts. Flowers involucrate. Hypanthium
jointed to a pedicel which is subtended by a minute bractlet. Sepals 6, often
unequal. Stamens 9. Gynoecium 3-carpellary : stigmas capitate.

1. E. tomentosum Michx. Basal leaves 5-18 cm. long; blades oblong to
spatulate: flowering-stems 4-12 dm. tall, the leaves in whorls of 3-5; blades
ovate to obovate or oblanceolate : involucres about 4 mm. high: sepals white,
the inner ones becoming 6-7 mm. long, broadly cuneate to truncate at the
base, tomentulose without: achenes 5 mm. long. — Pinelands.

2. POLYGONELLA Michx. Woody plants. Leaves alternate, jointed
near the top of the oereae. Flowers in spreading racemes. Sepals mainly
white or \nnk, the 3 inner accrescent. Stamens 8 : filaments irregular, the
inner ones more or less dilated.

1. P. brachystachya Meisn. Plant slender, 2-6 dm. tall, copiously branched:
leaves 5-13 mm. long, rather persistent: racemes short and relatively stout:
inner sepals becoming ovate: achenes rhombic, 1.5 mm. long. — Pinelands.

3. DELOPYEUM Small. Herbs resembling Polygonella in habit, but
annual and loosely branched. Flowers in erect racemes. Sepals essentially
unchanged in shape at maturity. Stamens 8 : filaments various, the 3 inner
more or less dilated below.

Inner sepals oblong or nearly so at maturity : oereae eciliate. 1. D. gracile.

Inner sepals linear-spatulate at maturity : oereae eciliate. 2. D. ciliatum.

1. D. gracile (Xutt.) Small. Stems 3-17 dm. tall: stem-leaves with oblong,
spatulate, or linear-spatulate blades 1-2.5 cm. long: stipe-like base of the
hypanthium less than 1 mm. long: inner sepals becoming 1.5 mm. long,
slightly longer than the outer: achenes about 2.5 mm. long. [Polygonella
gracilis (Nutt.) Meisn.] — Pinelands.

2. D. ciliatum (Meisn.) Small. Stems 6-13 dm. tall: stem-leaves with fili-
form or linear-filiform blades 2-4 cm. long : ocreolae acuminate : hypanthium
less than 1 mm. long: inner sepals becoming 2.5 mm. long, much longer than
the outer: achenes about 2.5 nun. long. [Polygonella ciliata Meisn.] — Pine-
lands.

4. THYSANELLA A, Gray. Woody plants. Leaves alternate, jointed
near the top of the fringed oereae. Flowers polygamo-monoecious, those of
the upper racemes fruit-producing. Sepals white or pink, not accrescent, the
3 inner at least pectinate-fimbriate. Stamens 8. Filaments slender.

Flora of Miami 5

66 POLYGONACEAE.

1. T. robusta Small. Plants mainly 6-9 dm. tall, sometimes diffuse: leaf-
blades 2-6 em. long: ocreae copiously fringed: racemes 4-7 cm. long: fila-
ments about 4 mm. long: achenes fully 1.5 mm. wide, long-beaked. — Pinelands.

5. FEBSICASIA [Tourn.] Adans. Erect or spreading herbs. Leaves
alternate, not jointed at the cylindric naked or fringed ocreae: blades nar-
rowed at the base. Flowers borne in spike-like panicles. Sepals white or
colored, 5, flat or concave. Stamens 4-8 : filaments slender. Stigmas 2, or
sometimes 3. Achenes lenticular or 3-augled, included. — Smart-weed.

Calyx glandular-punctate.

Ocreae and ocreolae eciliate. 1. P. portoricensis.

Ocreae and ocreolae ciliate. 2. P. punctata.

Calyx not punctate. 3. P. hydropiperoides.

1. P. portoricensis (Bertero) Small. Perennial, generally glabrous: leaf-
blades lanceolate, usually narrowly so, 3-25 cm. long, acuminate: ocreae very
thin: panicles lax: ocreolae eciliate: sepals white or whitish, about 3 mm.
long, punctate: achenes turgid-lenticular, 2.5 mm. long. — Everglades. — {Bah.,
Cuba, Ant.)

2. P. punctata (Ell.) Small. Annual or perennial, usually glabrous: leaf-
blades lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, 2-16 cm. long: ocreae long- fringed:
panicles narrow : ocreolae fringed : sepals whitish or green, prominently punc-
tate: achenes 3-angled or turgid-lenticular, about 2.5 mm. long, shining. —
Everglades. — {Ber., Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

3. P. hydropiperoides (Michx.) Small. Perennial, strigillose in parts: leaf-
blades lanceolate, varying to oblong-lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, 4-13 cm.
long: ocreae long- fringed, sparingly strigillose: panicles slender, erect, ocreolae
short-fringed: sepals deep-pink or greenish, not punctate: achenes 3-augled,
2-2.5 mm. long, shining. — Hammocks. — (Bah.)

6. COCCOLOBIS P. Br. Shrubs or trees, or rarely vines. Leaves alter-
nate, the ocreae cylindric or funnelform. Spikes or racemes elongate. Sepals
5, surmounting the accrescent hypanthium. Stamens 8. Stigmas 3, entire.
Achene 3-angled, included in the hypanthium.

Leaf-blades longer than wide, narrowed at the base : fruits about 1 cm. thick.

1. C. laurifoUa.
Leaf-blades wider than long, cordate at the base : fruits 1.5-2 cm.

thick. 2. C. tivifera.

1. C. laurifolia J acq. Tree: leaf -blades oblong to ovate or obovate, 5-10 em.
long, narrowed or rounded at the base: panicles less than 1 dm. long during
anthesis, the lower flower-clusters usually with 3 or 4 pedicels: sepals 2.5-3.5
mm. long: fruit globose-ovoid. — Hammocks. — F. K. (Boh., Cuba, Ant.) —

PiGEOX-PLUM.

2. C. uvifera (L.) Jaeq. Shrub or small tree: leaf-blades suborbicular, 4-20
cm. wide, cordate at the base: panicles over 1 dm. long in anthesis, dense:
sepals 2-3 mm. long: fruit subglobose, borne in grape-like clusters. — Coastal
sand-dunes. — F. K. (Ber., Bah., Cuba, Ant.) — Sea-«k.\pe.

Order CHENOPODIALES.

Herbs, often partially woody, or shrubs, or trees. Leaves alternate
or opposite, occasionally scale-like. Flowers mostly perfect, sometimes
monoecious or dioecious. Calyx usually present, the sepals mainly sepa-
rate. Corolla wanting, or pre.sent and of minute or large petals. Androe-
eium of 1-several stamens. Gynoecium of a single carpel or of several

CHEXOPODIACEAE. 67

united carpels, the ovary mostly superior. Fruit an achene, utricle or a
berry, or sometimes an antbocarp.

A. Fruit a utricle, achene or berry, sometimes an anthocarp, not valvate, or merely

circumsclssile.
Fruit various, not nn anthocarp.
Fruit utricular.

Bracts not scarious : stipules wanting.

Erect or diffuse plants. Fam. 1. Chenopodiaceae.

Climhing vines. Fam. 2. Basellaceae.

Bracts or stipules scarious. Fam. 3. Amaranthaceae.

Fruit baccate or an achene, or aggregate.

Fruit an achene or a berry : flowers not
in cones,
llypanthium wanting: stamens borne be-
low the ovary : stigmas not penlcellate. Fam. 4. riiYTOi.ACCACEAE.
llypanthium present : stems borne on the
edge of the hypanthium : stigma penl-
cellate. Fam. 5. Petiveriaceae.
Fruit aggregate : flowers in axillary cones. Fam. 6. Batidaceae.
Fruit an anthocarp, the achenes surrounded by the

calyx-tube. Fam. 7. Allioniaceae.

B. Fruit a capsule dehiscent by apical or longitudinal

valves.
Ovary several-celled : corolla wanting. Fam. 8. Tetragoniaceae.

Ovary 1-celled : corolla mostly present.

Sepals 2 : leaves mostly alternate. Fam. 9. Portdlacaceae..

Sepals 4 or 5 : leaves mostly opposite.

Sepals distinct : ovary sessile : petals not

clawed. Fam. 10. Ai.sinaceae.

Sepals united : ovary stipitate : petals clawed.

Fam. 11. Caryophyllaceae..

Fa-Mily 1. CHENOPODIACEAE. Goosefoot Family.

Herbs or woody plants. Leaves alternate or opposite : blades simple-
Flowers perfect, polygamous, monoecious, or dioecious, mostly in con-
gested spikes. Calyx of 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 persistent sepals. Corolla want-
ing. Androecium of as many stamens as there are sepals. Gynoecium of
2 or more united carpels. Ovai-y 1-celled. Fiiiit a utricle, sometimes
achene-like.

Embryo annular or conduplicate : endosperm copious (except in Salicornia).
Leaves with dilated blades : endosperm copious.

Flowers perfect, or some of them pistillate : calyx fleshy or herbaceous.

1. CllE.NOPODIUM.

Flowers dioecious or monoecious : pistillate flowers with-
out a calyx : fruit enclosed in 2 bracts. 2. Atriplex.
Leaves mere scales : endosperm wanting. 3. Salicornia.
Embryo spirally coiled : endosperm wanting or scant. 4. Dondia.

1. CHENOPODIUM L. Mealy or aromatic glandular herbs. Leaves
alternate: blades mainly toothed, pinnatifid, or pinnately lobed: sepals flat,
keeled and often hooded. Anther-sacs commonly contiguous. Ovary de-
pressed or elongate.

1. C. anthelminticum L. Stem .5-12 dm. tall, branched: leaf -blades lanceo-
late to oVjlong-laiireolate or ovate-lanceolate, tho?e of the stem-leaves 3-15 cm,
long, coarsely toothed or incised : seeds 0.7-0.8 mm. wide. [Chenopodium
ambrosioidcs L.] — Pinelands ajid coastal sand-dunes. — P. K, {Bcr., Bah.,
Cuba, Ant.) — Mexican-tea. Worm-seed.

2 . ATRIPLEX [Tourn.] L. Scaly herbs or shrubs. Leaves alternate
or sometimes opposite : blades often angulate or toothed. Flowers monoecious
or dioecious, the staminate bractless, the pistillate bracted. Calyx herbaceous.

68 AMARANTHACEAE.

Utricle wholly or partly surroimded by the crested, tubercled, or winged
accrescent bracts.

1. A. cristata H.B.K. Plants green, 3-6 dm. tall: leaf -blades oblong to
oblong-lanceolate, 1.5-3 cm. long: mature bracts flabellate, 2-3 mm. wide,
sharply toothed, the faces with 2-4 tubercles. — Coastal sand-dunes and shores
of Bay Biscayne. — F. K. (Ber., Bah., Cuba, Ant.) — Orache.

3. SAIjICORNIA [Tourn.] L. Fleshy herbs or shrubs. Leaves opposite,
mere scales. Flowers perfect or polygamous, in cavities at the rachis-nodes.
Calyx fleshy. Utricle included in the spongy perianth. — Glasswort.
Samphire.

Annual : stems erect. 1. S. Bigelovii.

Perennial : stems decumbent or trailing. 2. S. ambigua.

1. S. Bigelovii Torr. Annual, stout, 1-6 dm. tall: internodes of the inflo-
rescence about as long as thick. — Coastal sand-dunes. — F. K. {Bah., Cuba,
Ant.)

2. S. ambigua Michx. Perennial, the decumbent or trailing stems 1-7 dm. long :
internodes of the inflorescence 3-4 mm. thick and about as long. — Shores of
Bay Biscayne and coastal sand-dunes. — F. K. {Ber., Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

4. DONDIA Adans. Fleshy leafy herbs. Leaves alternate: blades thick
or terete, entire. Flowers perfect or polygamous. Sepals hooded, keeled at
maturity. Filaments very short.

1. D. linearis (Ell.) Millsp. Plants glabrous, 1-9 dm. tall, diffusely branched:
leaf-blades nearly terete, linear, 1-5 cm. long, acute: seeds about 2 mm. wide,
reticulate. — Shores of Bay Biscayne. — F. K. {Bah., Cuba.) — Sea-blite.

Family 2. BASELLACEAE. Madeira-vine Family.

Somewhat succulent vines, with tuber-bearing rootstocks. Leaves
alternate: blades relatively broad, entire. Flowers perfect in spike-like
racemes. Calyx of 2 sepals, sometimes winged in fruit. Corolla of 5 often
somewhat colored petals. Androecium of 5 stamens borne opposite the
petals. Gj'noecium 3-earpellary. Ovary superior, l-eelled. Fruit utricular.

1. BOUSSINGAULTIA II.B.K. Vines. Leaf-blades of an ovate type,
rather fleshy. Racemes axillary and terminal. Sepals 2, nearly flat, not
winged. Petals 5, longer than the sepals. Stigmas cleft.

1. B. leptostachya Moq. A glabrous much branched vine. Leaf-blades ovate,
2.5-6 cm. long, acute, entire, abruptly narrowed or subcordate at the base:
racemes slender, 5-17 cm. long: petals greenish-white or maroon, oval or
elliptic-oval, 1.5-2.5 mm. long, spreading in anthesis. — Pinelands. Nat. of
Trop. Am., and cultivated. — F. K. {Cuba, Ant.) — Madeira -vine.

Family 3. AMARANTHACEAE. Amaranth Family.

Herbs, shrubs, or trees. Leaves alternate or opposite, estipulate:
blades entire or neai'ly so. Flowers perfect, polygamous, or dioecious, in
spikes or panicles with scarious or colored bracts. Calyx of 2-5 mostly
distinct sepals. Corolla wanting. Androecium of 5, or fewer, distinct or
monodelphous stamens. Gynoecium of 2 or more united carpels. Ovary
1-celled. Fruit a utricle or pyxidium, or rarely baccate.

AMAEANTHACEAE. 69

Anthers 2-celled.
I e*iv69 filtGrnfite

Filaments united at the base : ovules 2-8 in a cavity. 1. Celosia.

Filaments distinct: ovules solitary in each cavity. a„.».x.^„.,c

Perianth present in all flowers. 2. Amaranthus.

Perianth wanting in pistillate flowers. 3. fCNipA

Leaves opposite. ■*• Aciiiranthes.

Anthers 1-celIed.

Stlemas capitate, notched or brush-like.

Filaments united into a short cup at the base. 5. Alteknantheea.

Filaments united into a long tube : calyx crested and ^

often tubercled or spiny at maturity. 0. 1<roelichia.

Stiemas 2-3. subulate or filiform. _ ^

Flowe7-s in head-like spikes, perfect. 7. Pini-oxERus.

Flowers in panicles, dioecious. '^^ IRESIm-.

1. CELOSIA L. Herbs or shrubs. Leaves alternate: blades mainly
entire. Flowers perfect, spicate: sepals 5, scarious. Filaments partially
united. Styles united. Ovules 2-8. Utricle circumscissile.

1. C. paniculata L. Perennial, glabrous, 1 m. long or more: leaf -blades ovate,
deltoid-ovate, or ovate-lanceolate, 1.5-7 cm. long: spikes 1-3 cm long: sepals
oblong 3 5-4 mm. long: utricle included: seed about 1 mm. long.— Coastal
sand-dunes and shores of Bay Biscayne.— F. K. {Bah., Cula, Ant.)

2. AMARANTHUS [Tourn.] L. Herbs. Leaves alternate: blades
entire. Flowers polygamous, monoecious, or dioecious, densely spicate or
clustered, each subtended by mostly 3 bracts. Sepals 2-5. Filaments dis-
tinct. Stigmas 2 or 3, distinct. Ovule solitary. Utricle circumscissile,
irregularly opening or indehiscent.

1. A. spinosus L. Stems 2-12 dm. tall, spiny: leaf -blades ovate, rhombic-
ovate, or lanceolate, 1.5-8 cm. long: staminate calyx 2-2.7 mm. long: pistil-
late calvx 2-2.5 mm. long; sepals broadened upward, abruptly pointed.— Fine-
lands and cultivated grounds. Nat. of Trop. Am.— F. K. {Ber., Bah., Cuia,
Ant.) — Thorny-amaranth.

3. ACNIDA L. Herbs, mostly annuals and large. Leaves alternate:
blades entire. Flowers dioecious, the spike sometimes interrupted, the stami-
nate with 5 sepals and 5 distinct filaments, the pistillate flowers without a
perianth.

1. A. cuspidata Bertero. Stems 1.5-7 m. tall, widely branched: leaf-
blades lanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate, 10-30 cm. long: staminate calyx about
2 mm. long; sepals oblong to oblong-ovate, mostly obtuse: pistillate calyx
1.7-2 mm. long; sepals lanceolate: utricles 1-1.5 mm. long.— Everglades.—
F. K. — Water-hemp.

4. ACHYRANTHES L. Herbs or woody plants. Leaves opposite:
blades entire. Flowers perfect, in slender elongate spikes, commonly de-
flexed. Sepals 4 or 5, becoming firm. Stamens 5 or rarely fewer. Styles
united.

1. A. aspera L. Plants 6-14 dm. tall, copiously pubescent: leaf-blades
elliptic or nearly so, 7-16 cm. long, acuminate: bracts 4-4.5 mm. long, ab-
ruptly long-aristate: sepals linear-lanceolate, 6-7 mm. long: utricle about 3
mm. long. — llanimocks. Nat. of Trop. Am. — {Cuba, Ant.)

5. ALTERNANTHERA Forsk. Herbs (ours perennial). Leaves oppo-
site: blades entire or nearly so. Flowers perfect, in head-like spikes. Sepals
5, unequal. Filaments united at the base. Staminodia sometimes surpassing
the anthers. Styles united.

70 PHYTOLACCACEAE.

Spikes axillary and sessile : outer sepals longer than the inner. 1. A. maHtima.

Spikes terminal and peduncled : outer and inner sepals equal in

length. 2. A. floridana.

1. A. maritima J. St.IIil. Stem and branches prostrate, 2-11 dm. long, gla-
brous: leaf-blades ciineate, obovate, or elliptic, 1.5-6 em. long: sepals ovate
to ovate-lanceolate, slightly acuminate, glabrous, the outer ones becoming 5
mm. long: staminodia mth broad bases. — Coastal sand-dunes. — F. K. {Ber.,
Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

2. A. floridana (Chapm.) Small. Stem and branches diffuse, 6-14 dm. long:
leaf-blades lanceolate to elliptic, 1.5-6 cm. long, glabrous or nearly so, at
least at maturity: sepals lanceolate, becoming about 4 mm. long, sparingly
pubescent.— Hammocks, shores of Bay Biscayne and sand-dunes. — F. K.

6. FROELICHIA Moench. Herbs (ours annual or biennial). Leaves
opposite: blades entire. Flowers perfect, in dense spikes on long peduncles.
Calyx crested or tubercled at maturity. Filaments united into a long tube.

1. F. floridana (Xutt.) Moq. Plants rather slender, 4-18 dm. tall: leaf-
blades linear to oblong-linear or nearly so, 3-12 cm. long, appressed-pubescent
beneath: calyx-tube with deeply toothed crests and 1 or 2 tubercle-like or spiny
ridges on one or each face at maturity. — Pinelands.

7. PHILOXEEUS E. Br. Herbs with prostrate or creeping branches.
Leaves opposite : blades narrow. Flowers perfect, in dense head-like spikes.
Sepals 5, very unequal, the outer ones, at least, obtuse. Filaments united at
the base. Staminodia wanting.

1. P. vermicularis (L.) E. Br. Plant somewhat succulent, the branches 2-18
dm. long: leaf -blades half-terete, linear to clavate, 1-3.5 cm. long: spikes 1-2.5
em. long, silvery- white : sepals 3.5-4 mm. long, the outer oblong, the inner
lanceolate. [Litliophila vermiciilaris (L.) Uline.] — Coastal sand-dunes and
shores of Bay Biscayne. — F. K. (Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

8. IRESINE E. Br. Herbs with erect stems. Leaves opposite: blades
broad. Flowers dioecious, paniculate. Sepals 5. equal, acute or acuminate.
Filaments united at the base. Staminodia wanting. Stigmas sessile.

1. I. paniculata (L.) Kuntze. Plants 6-12 dm. tall, glabrous: leaf -blades
ovate or narrowly lanceolate, 5-10 cm. long: sepals lanceolate or nearly so, 1
mm. long, those of the pistillate flowers woolly without. — Everglades and
hammocks. — F. K. (Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

Family 4. PHYTOLACCACEAE. Pokeweed Family.

Herbs, shrubs, or trees. Leaves alternate : blades entire, rather fleshy.
FloAvers perfect or dioecious, in racemes or panicles. Hypanthium want-
ing. Calyx of 4 or 5 sepals. Corolla wanting'. Androecium of 4-8
stamens, or more, borne below the ovarj'. Gynoecium 1-many-carpellaiy,
borne in the calyx. Fruit baccate.

Gynoecium l-carpellary : style single: fruits laterally flattened. 1. Rivina.

Gynoecium 2-many-carpenary : styles 2-many : fruits vertically

flattened. 2. Phytolacca.

1. RIVINA [Plum.] L. Relatively small often partially woody plants.
Flowers racemose. Sepals narrow, partly enclosing the simple fruit.

1. R. humilis L. Plants 3-7 dm. tall, or with elongate vine-like stems: leaf-
blades ovate, lanceolate, or oblong, 3-15 cm. long, undulate: sepals cuneate
to 'linear-oblong, 2-2.5 mm. long: berries 2-3.5 mm. long, mostly red. — Ham-
mocks and coastal sand-dunes. — F. K. (Bah., Cvba, Ant.)

ALLIONACEAE. 71

2. PHYTOLACCA [Tourn.] L. Eelatively large or stout plants. Flowers
paniculate, the pauicles often raceme-like. Sepals broad, spreading under the
compound fruit.

1. P. rigida Small. Plants 1-3 m. tall, or sometimes arl)orescent and becom-
ing 6 or 7 m. tall, the branches greenish-purple: leaf-l)lades lanceolate to
oblong-lanceolate, 7-34 cm. long: berries 10-12 mm. wide. — Hammocks. —
F. K. — Poke. Ixk-berry.

Family 5. PETIVERIACEAE. Petiveria Family.

"Woody plants, usually strong-scented. Leaves alternate : blades firm,
entire. Flowers perfect, in virg-ate spikes. Hypantliium present. Calyx
of 4 nearly equal sejjals. Corolla wanting. Androecium of 4—8 stamens,
borne like tlie calyx on the long hypantbium. Gynoecium a single carpel
borne in the hypantbium. Fruit an achene with reflexed spines at the top.

1. PETIVERIA [Plum.] L. Plants with extensively creeping or hori-
zontal rootstocks. Leaves with narrow stipules. Achenes appressed to the
spike-rachis.

1. P. alliacea L. Stems 3-10 dm. tall, often with virgate branches: leaf-
blades obovate, elliptic-obovate, or elliptic, 4-12 cm. long: spikes 1-3 dm.
long, interrupted : sepals linear to linear-lanceolate, 3-4 mm. long, about as
long as the hypanthium : achenes linear-cuneate, 6-10 mm. long, the spines i
as long as the body or less. — Hammocks. — F. K. (Bah., Cuha, Ant.)

Family 6. BATIDACEAE. Saltwort Family.

Maritime partially succulent shrubs. Leaves opposite, fleshy, half-
terete, linear or elavate, entire. Flowers small, dioecious, in axillary
cones. Staminate cones with persistent imbricate scales each subtending
a flower : calyx eup-shaped, 2-lobed : stamens 4—5, inserted at the base of
the calyx : filaments thick, alternating with staminodia. Pistillate cones
peduncled, 4-12-flowered, the scales deciduous: the flowers each consisting
of merely a 4-celled ovary with a sessile stigma. Ovule 1 in each cavity.
Fruit a fleshy cone.

1. BATIS P. Br. Plants with smooth and glabrous foliage. Leaves
without stipules.

1. B. maritima L. Plant pale-green strong-scented, the stem and branches
spreading or prostrate, 0.5-1.5 m. long: leaves curved, 1-2.5 em. long: cones
5-10 mm. long, ovoid: bracts reniform to suborbicular, often apiculate: fruits
oblong or ovoid, 1-2 cm. long, short-stalked, drooping. — Salt or brackish
shores. — F. K. (Bah., Cuba, Arit.) — Saltwort.

Family 7. ALLIONIACEAE. Four-o'clock Family.

Herbs with dichotomous stems or shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite :
blades entire or nearly so. Flowers mostly perfect, 1 or more in an invo-
lucre. Calyx of several united sepals, usually corolloid, deciduous above
the ovary. Corolla wanting. Androecium of 1-many stamens, borne
below^ the ovary. Gynoecium a single pistil. Fruit an anthocarp.

Herbs : embryo hooked.

Involucre present, of 3-5, or more, distinct or united bracts.

Stamens 3-6 : fruit not subterranean. 1. Mirabilis.

Stamens 14-18 : fruit subterranean. 2. Okenia.

72 ALLIONIACEAE.

Involucre wanting or imperfect. 3. Boerhaavia.
Shrubs or trees : embryo straight.

Fruits without glands. 4. Torrcbia.

Fruits with 5 rows of glands. 5. Pisonia.

1. MIRABILIS L. Perennial herbs. Leaves opposite. Flowers typically
1 in an involucre. Calyx salverform, the limb large. Stamens 3-6: filaments
united at the base. Fruit of an ovoid type, constricted near the base.

1. M. Jalapa L. Plants glabrous, except the young parts: leaf-blades ovate,
sometimes broadly so, 3-12 cm. long: involucres 7-8 mm. long; lobes acute:
calyx deep-red to purple or white: fruits broadly ovoid. — Cultivated grounds
and roadsides. Nat. of Mex., and cultivated. — F. K. {Ber., Bah., Cuba,

A7lt.) FOUR-0 'CLOCK.

2. OKENIA Schlecht. & Cham. Annual prostrate herbs. Leaves opjio-
site: blades inequilateral. Flowers solitar}- in the 3-bracted involucres.
Calyx short-f unnelform, the lobes emarginate. Stamens 14-18 : filaments
united at the base. Fruit somewhat elongate, bent, 1-striate and transversely
wrinkled, subterranean.

1. O. hjrpogaea Schlecht. & Cham. Stem and branches creeping, densely
viscid-pubescent, 2-11 dm. long: leaf -blades fleshy, ovate to oblong-ovate,
2.-5-4 cm. long, obtuse at the apex, truncate or cordate at the base, stout-
petioled : corolla deep-blue. — Coastal sand-dunes. — F. K.

3. BOERHAAVIA [Vaill.] L. Annual or perennial usually diffuse

herbs. Leaves opposite: blades often undulate. Flowers subtended by minute

bracts. Calyx campanulate to rotate, the tube not prolonged beyond the

ovary. Fruit clavate to obovoid, 5-10 ribbed.

Fruits glandular, rounded at the apex : plants perennial. 1. B. paniculata.

Fruits glabrous, flat at the apex : plants annual. 2. B. erecta.

1. B. paniculata L. C. Eich. Stem branched at the base, the branches
diffusely spreading, 6-12 dm. long: leaf-blades ovate to oblong-ovate. 2-8 cm.
long, both surfaces of almost the same color: calyx pink or purplish; tube
glandular-pubescent; limb campanulate, 1.5 mm. high, glabrous or sparingly
pubescent: fruits obpyramidal, 3 mm. long, the ribs glandular, the top
rounded. — Pinelands and hammocks. — F. K. {Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

2. B. erecta L. Stem simple below, erect or branched at the base, the
branches decumbent or spreading, 3-12 dm. long: leaf -blades ovate to deltoid-
ovate, 2-8 cm. long, minutely black-dotted on the lower whitish surface:
calyx white or purple; tube glabrous; limb campanulate, 1-1.5 mm. long,
sparingly pubescent: fruit obpyramidal, 3.5-4 mm. long, 5-angled, the grooves
transversely wrinkled, the top flat. — Cultivated grounds and roadsides. Nat.
of Trop. Am. — F. K. {Ber., Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

4. TOK.RUBIA Yell. Unarmed shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite: blades
entire. Flowers in cymes.

1. T. longifolia (Heimerl) Britton. Leaves' 3-7 cm. long; blades spatulate
to obovate, oblong-spatulate, or oval-spatulate : fruits broadly or narrowly
obovoid, 5-6 mm. long. — Hammocks. — F. K. {Bah., Cuba, Ant.) — Bloixy.

5. PISONIA [Plum.] L. Armed woody vines. Leaves opposite: blades
entire. Flowers in compound cymes.

1. P. aculeata L. Stems with spreading thorn-armed branches: leaf-blades
elliptic, oval, or ovate, 2.5-7 cm. long: pedicles slender: calyx-lobes mostly

ALSINACEAE. 73

longer than wide: fruits slender, 3-3. o inin. tliifk. — iraininocks. — F. K. (Bah.,
Cuba, Ant.) — Cock-spuh.

Faiiily 8. TETRAGONIACEAE. Carpet-weed Family.

Herbs, firm or succulent, or partially Avoody plants. Leaves alternate
or opposite, sometimes apparently wlioi-led. Flowers mostly perfect or
polygamous, regular or nearly so. Calyx of 4 or 5 sepals. Corolla want-
ing (in our species). Androecium of 4 or 5 hypogynous or perigynous
stamens, or sometimes fewer or more numerous. Gynoeeium of 2-several
united carpels. Ovaiy superior or partly inferioi-. Fruit a capsule or
pyxis, or baccate or nut-like.

1. SESUVIUM L. Annual or jicrennial succulent herbs, or partially
woody plants. Leaves opposite: blades narrow. Sepals 5, petaloid, each
horned at the apex. Stamens 1-niany, sometimes grouped.

1. S. Portulacastrum L. Plants usually sparingly branched, the branches
often 1-2 m. long: leaf-blades spatulate to oblanceolate or rarely oblong,
1.5-4 cm. long: flowers short pedicelled: sepals 8-10 mm. long: capsule 9-10
mm. long. — Coastal sand-dunes and shores of Bay Biscayne. — F. K. (Ber.,
Bah., Cuba, Ant.) — Sea-purslane.

Family 9. PORTULACACEAE. Purslane Family.

Herbs, mostly fleshy or succulent, or partially woody. Leaves alter-
nate or opposite : blades entire. Flowers perfect, regular. Calyx of 2
sepals. Corolla of 4 or 5, or rarely more, fugaeeous petals. Androecium
of as many stamens as there are petals, or fewer or more. Gynoeeium of
3 or more united carpels. Ovary superior or inferior, 1-celled. Fruit a
capsule or pyxis.

1. PORTTJLACA [Tourn.] L. Succulent herbs. Leaves flat or terete.
Flowers erect. Sepals 2, deciduous. Petals 4-6. Style short; stigmas 3-8,
slender. — Purslane.

Leaves hairy in tliie axils : blades terete.

Seeds blaclv, papillose : corolla pink or purple. 1. P. pilosa.

Seeds brown, rugulose : corolla yellow. 2. P. phacosperma.

Leaves glabrous in the axils ; blades flat : corolla yellow. 3. P. oleracca.

1. P. pilosa L. Plants erect or diffuse, the branches villous: leaf-blades
terete, 1-2 cm. long: petals pink or purple, 4-6 mm. long: capsules mostly
4-5 mm. long. — Eoadsides and cultivated grounds. — F. K. {Cuba, Ant.)

2. P. phaeosperma Urban. Plants diffusely branched, the young parts pubes-
cent: leaves relatively few; blades nearly terete, 4-13 mm. long: flowers mostly
solitary: corolla yellow: capsules 3-4 mm. long: seeds over 0.5 mm. broad,
brown. — Pinelands. — F. K. {Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

3. P. oleracea L. Plants prostrate: leaf -blades cuneate to obovate, 1-3 cm.
long, rounded at the apex: petals yellow, 3-5 mm. long: capsules 5-9 mm.
long. — Pinelands, hammocks and cultivated grounds. Nat. of Eu. — F. K.
{Ber., Bah., Cuba, Aiit.)

Family 10. ALSINACEAE. Chickweed Family.

Herbs, sometimes woody at the base. Leaves opposite: blades entire.
Flowers mostly perfect. Calyx of 4 or 5 persistent, distinct sepals.
Corolla of 4 or 5 elawless petals, or wanting. Androecium of twice as

74 RANUNCULACEAE.

many stamens as sepals or fewei*. Gynoeeium of 2-5 united carpels.
Ovary superior. Fruit a cajisule subtended by the calyx.

1. ARENARIA L. Herbs. Leaf-blades flat, sometimes narrow. Flowers
axillary or cymose. Sepals 5, firm, often ribbed. Petals 5, entire or notched,
or wanting. Stamens typically 10. Stigmas 3, or rarely 2-5. Capsule erect.

1. A. lanuginosa (Michx.) Eohrb. Plants diffuse, the branches 0.3-4 dm.
long: leaf-blades linear-spatulate to narrowly elliptic, 1-2 cm. long: sepals
lanceolate, 2.5-3.5 mm. long, acute: petals shorter than the sepals, or wanting:
capsules 3— i.5 mm. long. — Hammocks. — (Ber., Ant.) — Sandwort.

Family 11. CARYOPHYLLACEAE. Pixk Familv.

Herbs with stems usually swollen at the nodes. Leaves opposite :
blades often with connate bases. Flowers perfect, polygamous or dioe-
cious. Calyx of 4 or 5 partly united sepals. Corolla of 4 or 5 distinct
23etals, the claws borne in the cah-x-tube, the blades often appendaged at
the base. Androecium of usually S or 10 distinct stamens. Gynoeeium of
2-5 united carj^els. Ovan- often stalked. Fruit a capsule opening by
apical valves.

1. VACCARIA Medic. Annual herbs. Leaf-blades relatively wide.
Flowers pedieelled. Calyx inflated : tube angled or winged. Petals 5 : blades
broad. Capsule slightly longer than thick.

1. V. Vaccaria (L.) Britton. Stems 2-9 dm. tall, glaucous: blades of the
upper cauline leaves lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, 3-11 cm. long: calyx 10-15
mm. long, ovoid at maturity; lobes acute: petal-blades obovate, rose-colored:
capsules 5-10 mm. long. — Pinelands. Nat. of Eu. — Cow-herb.

Order RANALES.

Herbs, shiiibs, or trees. Leaves mostly without stipules, mth entire

or dissected blades, in aquatics often various on the same plant. Flowers

perfect, monoecious, or dioecious. Calj-x and corolla of distinct sepals

and petals. Androecium of usually more hypogynous stamens than there

are sepals. Gynoeeium of 1 or several distinct or united carpels. Ovaiy

superior. Fruit various.

Land plants : leaf-blades not peltate.

Carpels 1 or more, distinct, at least at maturity.

Sepals 3-15: petals about as many: fruits dry:

endosperm even. Fam. 1. RAXUNCrLACEAE.

Sepals 5 : petals 6 : fruits pulpy : endosperm chan-
neled. Fam. 2. Axxonaceae.
Carpels more or less coherent or united into a cone-
like structure, or immersed in the pulpy recep-
tacle.
Sepals valvate. Fam. 2. Axxox.\oeae.
Sepals imbricate. Fam. 3. Magnoliaceae.
Water plants : emersed or floating leaves peltate. Fam. 4. Nymphaeaceae.

Family 1. RANUNCULACEAE. Crowfoot Faiiily.

Herbs or woody vines. Leaves altei-nate (opposite in Clematideae) :
blades simple or compound. Calyx of 3-5 distinct, imbricate (valvate in
Clematideae) sepals. Corolla of about as many petals as there are sepals.

MAGNOLIACEAE. 75

occasionally more, or wanting. Androecium of several or many hypogy-
nous stamens. Gynoecium of 1, several, or many distinct carpels. Fruit
an achene or a follicle, or baccate.

1. VIORNA Reichenb. Pereuuial herbs or vines. Leaf-blades entire or
lobed, or pinnate. Flowers solitary or few together. Sepals 4 or 5, thick,
valvate, petal-like. Petals wanting. Stamens erect: anthers long and narrow.
Achenes with long plumose, silky, or naked style-tails.

1. V. Baldwinii (T. & G.) Small. Plants 2-6 dm. tall: leaf-blades oblong
to lanceolate or linear, sometimes piunately parted, 1.5-10 cm. long: sepals
purple or paler, 2.5-4 cm. long, each with a thin crisped margin and a slender
apex: achene-bodies 4.5-5.5 mm. wide, with style-tips 6-10 cm. long. — Ever-
glades and pinelands. — Pine-hyacinth.

Faiiily 2. ANNONACEAE. Custard-apple Family.

Shi'iibs or trees. Leaves alternate: blades entire. Flowers perfect,
monoecious, or dioecious. Cah'x of 3, or 2, sepals. Corolla of mostly G
petals much larger than the sepals, those of the inner series smaller than
those of the outer, or wanting. Androecium of many stamens, the anthers
terminating in a blunt glandular apjiendage. Gynoecium of few or many
distinct carpels. Fruit a simple or aggregate beriy.

Anther-sacs separated : petals imbricate : ovules numerous : fruits with distinct
carpels. 1. Asimina.

Anther-sacs contiguous : petals valvate : ovules solitary : fruits with

confluent carpels. 2. Anxoxa.

1. ASIMINA Adans. Ill-seeuted plants. Leaves mostly deciduous:
blades broadened upward. Petals 6, much larger than the sepals, spreading.
Carpels few; style subulate. Fruits with distinct carpels. — Pap aw.

1. A. reticulata Shuttl. Shrub 5-10 dm. tall, the twigs densely tomentose:
leaf-blades narrowly oblong to oblanceolate or cuneate, 2.5-9 em. long: inner
petals broadly ovate, mostly less than 15 mm. long: berries mostly oblong,
3.5-5.5 em. long. — Pinelands. — Custard-apple.

2. ANNONA L. Pungent-aromatic iilants. Leaves persistent: blades
oblong, oval, or ovate. Petals larger than the sepals, converging. Carpels
numerous: style linear. Fruit aggregate.

Sepals over 10 mm. wide : outer and inner petals aloout equal in length.

1. A. glahra.
Sepals less than 0 mm. wide : outer petals much longer than the

Inner. 2. A. palustris.

1. A. glabra L. Tree becoming 14 m. tall: leaf -blades oblong to oval or
ovate, 10-18 cm. long: outer petals 3-3.5 cm. long: filaments 4 mm. long:
fruits 8-12 cm. long: seeds 15-20 mm, long. — Hammocks. — F. K. (Bah.,
Cuba.) — Pond- APPLE.

2. A. palustris L. Shrub or small tree: leaf -blades oblong to ovate or oblong-
lanceolate, 3-12 cm. long, or rarely larger: outer petals 1.5-2 cm. long: fila-
ments 3 mm. long: fruit 5-7 cm. long: seeds 9-12 mm. long. — Everglades. —
F. K. (Bah., Cuba, Ant.) — Alligator-apple.

Family 3. MAGNOLIACEAE. Magnolia Family.

Shrubs, trees, or vines. Leaves alternate, sometimes apparently
wliorled : blades entire, toothed, or lobed. Flowers perfect or monoecious.

76 NYMPHAEACEAE.

Calyx of 3 petaloid sepals, or rarely more. Corolla of 5 imbricate petals
as large as the sepals or larger, or more. Androeciimi of many stamens,
or rarely of few. Gynoeeium of several or many distinct carpels. Frnit
a cone of accrescent carj^els which become baccate or follicular.

1. MAGNOLIA L. Shrubs or trees. Leaves deciduous or persistent:
blades entire or auricled at the base. Flowers perfect, white. Sepals and
petals about equal in size. Fruit an echinate cone.

1. M. virginiana L. Shrub, or tree becoming 2.5 ni. tall, the twigs silky:
leaf-blades oblong, elliptic, or oval, .5-15 cm. long: flowers white, globose-
campanulate, 3-8 cm. wide: petals elliptic, oblong, oval or obovate: fruit oval
or ovoid, 3-5 cm. long. — Everglades. — Sweet-bay. Laurel-magxolia.

Family 4. NYMPHAEACEAE. Water-lily Family.

Ac|uatic acanlescent plants with rootstocks. Leaves with erect or
floating blades. Flower tenninating a long scape. Calyx of 4 or 5 sepals.
Corolla of numerous petals, passing into the androeeium. Androecium of
numerous stamens. Gynoeeium of several united carpels. Fruit a leathery
iDerry.

Petals small, filament-llke : stamens hypogynous. 1. Nymphaea.

Petals as large as the sepals : stamens epigynous. 2. Castalia.

1. NYMPHAEA [Touru.] L. Plants with erect leaves (ours) and yellow
flowers. Leaf -blades peltate, with a deep sinus at the base. Sepals 5 or 6, con-
cave, converging. Petals 10-20, erect, somewhat resembling the filaments.
Stamens consisting of 2 narrow anther-sacs on the face of a fiat filament.
Stigmas united into a disk with stigmatic-lines.

1. N. advena Soland. Leaves (emersed) with long petioles; blades oval or
ovate, 1-4 dm. long, leathery: flowers erect on stout scapes, depressed-
globose: sepals obovate: petals obsolete, yellow: berry ovoid, 3-4 cm. long. —
Everglades. — (Cuba.) — Splatter-dock. Yellow Poxd-lily. Bonnets.

2. CASTALIA Salisb. Plants with floating leaves and white, pink, blue,
or yellow flowers. Leaf-blades peltate and cleft at the base. Sepals mostly
4, spreading. Petals numerous, spreading, the outer ones about as large as
the sepals. Stamens consisting of narrow anthers terminating slender fila-
ments. Stigmas distinct, converging.

1. C. odorata (Dryand.) Woodr. & Wood. Leaf-blades suborbicular, mostly
1-1.5 dm. wide, entire, dark-green above, usually dull-purple beneath: flowers
floating: sepals oblong-ovate to ovate-lanceolate: petals 24-32, the outer ones
oblong-ovate to narrowly oblong, the inner ones oblong-oblanceolate, all white
varying to pink: gynoeeium 13-25-carpellary: capsules globular or slightly
depressed. — Everglades. — Water-lily. Pond-lily.

Order PAPAVERALES.

Herbs, shrubs, trees, or vines. Leaves with entire, toothed, dissected,
or compound blades. Flowers perfect. Calyx of distinct or nearly distinct
sepals. Corolla of distinct or nearly distinct petals, or wanting. Androe-
cium of few or many hypogynous stamens. Androeeium of 2-several
united carpels. Ovary superior, sessile or stipitate. Fruit capsular or
baccate.

BRASSICACEAE. 77

Sepals 2, or very rarply 3 or 4 : endosperm present. Fam. 1. Papaveraceae.
Sepals 4-S : endosperm wanting.

Capsules 2-ceIled : stamens G, tetradynamous. Fam. 2. Brassicaceae.

Capsules 1-celled : stamens when C not tetradynamous. Fam. 'S. Capparidaceae.

Family 1. PAPAVERACEAE. Poppy FAiiiLY.

Herbs or rarely woody plants, the sa]) colored. Leaves alternate or
opposite: blades entire, toothed, or divided. Flowers perfect, regular.
Calyx of 2, or rarely 3, caducous sepals. Corolla of 4, 8 or 12, or rarely
more, deciduous petals. Androecium usually of many distinct stamens.
Gynoeeium 2-several-carpellaiy. Fruit a capsule.

1. ABGEMONE L. Herbs. Leaf-blades incised-piunatifid. Flower-buds
erect. Sepals 2 or 3, hooded or horned. Petals 4 or 6, broad. Gynoeeium
4-6-earpellary, the ovary with 4-6 nerviforni placentae. Stigma 4-lobed.
Capsule elongate.

1. A. mexicana L. Plants glaucous, 3-9 dm. tall: leaves 10-2.5 cm. long;
blades runcinate-pinnatifid, blotched, spiny-toothed and commonly spiny along
the midrib, sessile and clasping: sepals acuminate and bristle-tipped: corolla
yellow, 2.5-7 cm. broad: capsules oblong, 2.5-3 cm. long, spine-armed. —
Waste and cultivated grounds. Nat. of Mex. — F. K, (Ber., Bah., Cuba,
Ant.) — Prickly-poppy.

Family 2. BRASSICACEAE. Mustard Family.

Herbs or partially woody plants, the sap watery. Leaves alternate:
blades entire, toothed, or dissected. Flowers perfect, in spikes or racemes.
Calyx of 4 mostly erect or appressed sepals. Corolla of 4, usually clawed,
petals, or wanting. Androecium of 6, or rarely 2 or 4, diclynamous
stamens. Gynoeeium of 2 united carpels. Stigma depressed or 2-lobed.
Fruit capsular, elongate (silique) or short (silicle), flat, terete or angled.

Pods not stipitate.

Pods flattened contrary to the narrow partition, winged or margined.

1. Lepidium.
Pods not flattened contrary to the partition : neither winged or
margined.
Pods dehiscent lengthwise. 2. Sinai-is.

Pods separating into joints, with transverse partitions. 3. Cakile.

Pods stipitate. 4. Warea.

1. LEPIDIUM [Tourn.] L. Herbs. Leaf-blades entire to pinnatifid.
Racemes terminal. Sepals 4, spreading. Petals 4, longer than the sepals, or
wanting. Stamens usually fewer than 6. Ovule, and seed, 1 in each carpel.
Pods suborbieular to oblong.

1. L. virginicum L. Stems 2-9 dm. tall: blades of the cauline leaves narrow,
sharply toothed or incised: pedicels spreading, 3-4 mm. long at maturity:
sepals oblong, about 1 mm. long: petals slightly longer than the sepals: pods
3-4 mm. wide. — Pinelands and cultivated grounds. — P. K. {Ber., Bah., Cuba,
Ant.) — Peppergrass.

2. SINAPIS [Tourn.] L. Herbs. Leaf-blades lobed or pinnatifid.
Sepals 4, herbaceous. Petals 4, mostly yellow, the blades broad. Stamens 6:
anthers narrowly oblong. Style columnar: stigma depressed. Pod elongate,
the beak sword-like. Seeds thick, marginless.

78 C APP ARID ACE AE.

1. S. arvensis L. Stems 3-9 dm. tall, hispid: leaves 4-17 cm. long: blades
of the lower ones coarsely toothed or lyrate-pinnatifid : sepals becoming 5-6
mm. long: petals 5.S-8.5 mm. long, the siiborbicular or obovate blades ab-
ruptly contracted into the slender claws: pods 21-24 mm. long. — Pinelands
and waste places. Nat. of Eu. — {Ber., Bah., Cuba, Ant.) — Charlock.

3. CAKILE [Tourn.] Ludwig. Chiefly maritime fleshy herbs. Leaf-
blades entire to pinnatifid. Sepals 4, succulent. Petals 4, white or purple.
Stamens 6: anthers ovoid. Style very short: stigma depressed. Pod of two
dissimilar portions.

1. C. lanceolata (Willd.) O. E. Schulz. Plants spreading or proeimabent:
leaves 3-9 cm. long; blades oblanceolate to broadly linear or lanceolate, 3-8
cm. long, entire, crenate or dentate, or some of the lower ones pinnatifid:
flowers fragrant: sepals becoming 3.5-4 mm. long: petals 4-7 mm. long: pods
1.7-2 em. long, the upper joint conic or ovoid-conic. — Coastal sand-dunes and
shores of Bay Biscayne. — F. K. {Ber., Bah., Cuba, Ant.) — Sea-rocket.
Sea-mustard.

4. WAEEA Xutt. Wiry herbs. Leaf-blades entire. Sepals 4, narrow.
Petals 4, white, rose or purple, each abruptly narrowed into a slender claw.
Stamens 6 : anthers oblong to oblong-sagittate. Style wanting. Pod very
narrow, thick, long-stipitate.

1. W. Carter! Small. Plants 4-15 dm. tall: leaf-blades linear or sometimes
cuneate on the lower part of the stem, 1.5-3.5 cm. long: sepals 4.5-5.5 mm.
long: petals white or nearly so, the claws prominently sharp-toothed: pedicels
becoming 9-12 mm. long: pods 5-6 cm. long. — Pinelands.

Family 3. CAPPARIDACEAE. Caper Family.

Herbs, shrubs, trees, or vines. Leaves alternate or rarely opposite:
blades simple or compound. Flowers perfect, in racemes or cymes, or
solitary. Calyx of i or 5 sepals. Corolla of 4 or 5, often unequal petals.
Receptacle often produced into a gland. Androecium of 4-6 stamens,
or more. Gynoecium of 2 united carpels. Ovary often stiiiitate. Fruit
capsular, sometimes baccate.

Herbs : fruit a dry, 2-valved capsule. 1. Aldexblla.

Shrubs or trees : fruit pulpy, indehiscent. 2. Capparis.

1. AIiDENELLA Greene. Herbs. Leaf-blades 3-foliolate, except some
of the upper ones, the leaflets very narrow. Sepals 4, reflexed. Petals 4,
unequal, the posterior pair before a solid gland, barely clawed. Stamens 9-11:
anthers linear, curved. Ovary short. Style slender. Capsule narrowly linear.

1. A. tenuifolia (T. & G.) Greene. Stems 2-8 dm. tall: leaflets 1-4 cm. long;
blades narrowly linear or filiform-linear: sepals 2-2.5 mm. long: petals white,
the larger ones 6-8 mm. long; blades oval or ovate, entire: capsules 4-6 cm.
long. — Pinelands.

2. CAPPARIS [Tourn.] L. Shrubs, trees, or vines. Leaf-blades simple,
entire. Sepals 4 or 5, often spreading or deflexed. Petals 4 or 5, sessile.
Receptacle uuappendaged. Stamens numerous : anthers oblong to linear.
Ovary long-stipitate: style wanting. Fruit sometimes baccate, often torulose.
— Caper-tree.

DROSERACEAE. 79

Foliage glabrous : leaf-blades reticulate : sepals imbricate : capsules glabrous.

1. O. cynophallophora.
Foliage scaly : leaf-blades not reticulate : sepals valvate :

capsules scaly. 2. C. jamaicensis.

1. C. cynophallophora L. A shrub or a small tree: leaf-blades oblong to
oblong-cuiieate, mainly 5-8 cm. long: sepals suborbicular: corolla 5.5-7.5 cm.
wide: fruit-body mostly 10-20 cm. long. — Coastal sand-dunes and shores of
Bay Biscayne. — F. K. (Bah., Cuba, Ant.) — Bay-leaved caper-tree.

2. C. jamaicensis Jacq. A shrub or small tree: leaf -blades elliptic, oblong,
or oval, mainly 4-10 cm. long: sepals lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate: corolla
about 3 cm. wide: fruit-body mostly 20-30 cm. long. — Coastal sand-dunes and
hammocks. — F. K. (Bah., Cuba, Ant.), — Jamaica caper-tree.

Order SARRACENIALES.

Insectivorous, usually scapose herbs, with viscid-fluid secreting tissues.
Leaves alternate, various, filiform, or w^th dilated, sometimes sensitive,
blades, or hollow. Flowers usually perfect and regular. Calyx of dis-
tinct sepals. Corolla of distinct petals. Androecium of few or many
stamens. Gynoeeium of 2-5 nnited carpels. Ovary 1-celled, with 3-5
parietal or basal placentae, or 3-5-celIed. Fruit capsular. Endosperm
fleshy.

Family 1. DROSERACEAE. Sundew FA:MiLy.

Annual, biennial, or perennial glandular-pubescent herbs. Leaves
circinate in the bud, merely filiform, or with broad blades. Flowers spicate
or racemose. Calyx of 4—8 persistent sepals. Corolla of 4^8 petals.
Androecium of 4-8, usually 5, distinct stamens. Capsule loculicidally
3-5-valved.

1. DROSERA L. Biennial or perennial (ours) scapose herbs. Leaves
clustered. Scape nodding at the apex.

1. D. capillaris Poir. Plants 5-40 cm. tall: leaves 3-S cm. long; blades
broadly spatulate, with long, ultimately glabrous, petioles: sepals becoming
about 3 mm. long: corolla pink, 7-9 mm. wide: capsules about equalling the
sepals: seeds oval, scarcely 0.5 mm. long. — Everglades. — Sundew.

Order ROSALES.

Herbs, shrubs, or trees, or rarely aquatic plants or vines. Leaves with
simple or comjiound blades. Flowers mostly perfect. Calyx and corolla
present and sometimes irregular, or the latter occasionally, or both rarely
wanting. Androecium of few or many stamens. Gynoeeium of 1-several
distinct or united carpels. Fniit various.

Flowers regular or nearly so (actinomorphic).

Succulent plants. Fam. 1. Sedaceae.

Woody plants or wiry-stemmed herbs.

Leaf-blades simple : fruit a drupe. Fam. 2. Amygdalaceae.

Leaf-blades compound : fruit a legume. Fam. 3. Mimosaceae.

Flowers irregular (zygomorphic).

Upper petals enclosed by the lateral ones in the bud. Fam. 4. Cassiaceae.
Upper petal enclosing the lateral ones in the bud. Fam. 5. Fabaceae.

80 AMYGDALACEAE.

Family 1. SEDACEAE. Orpine Family.

Herbs, usually succulent, or partially woody plants. Leaves alter-
nate, opposite, or whorled : blades thick, flat to terete. Flowers perfect or
dioecious, c^'mose. Calyx of usually 4-6 persistent sepals. Corolla of as
many petals as sepals, or wanting. Androecium of as many stamens as
sepals or twice as many. Gj'noecium of as many distinct or partially
united carj^els as there are sepals, or fewer. Fruit follicular.

1. BRYOPHYLLUM Salisb. Perennial coarse herbs. Leaf -blades simple
or pinnately compound. Flowers perfect, borne in simple or compound
cjTnes. Calyx 4-lobed. Corolla exserted, 4-lobed. Follicles 4.

1. B. pinnatum (Lam.) S. Kurz. Plants 4-15 dm. tall, often glaucous:
leaves 1-3 dm. long; blades of the leaflets oblong to elliptic, crenate: panicles
1-4 dm. long: calyx becoming 3-3.5 cm. long: corolla reddish, longer than the
calyx; lobes lanceolate to narrowly ovate. — Hammocks and cultivated grounds.
Nat. of Asia and cultivated. — F. K. {Ber., Bah., Cuba, Ant.) — Life-plant.

Family 2. AMYGDALACEAE. Plum Family.

Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, with free, often eai'ly deciduous
stipules: blades simple, mostly toothed. Flowers perfect, in corymbs,
cymes, racemes, or panicles, sometimes clustered. Calyx of 5 sepals, borne
on the edge of the hypanthium, deciduous. Corolla of 5 petals. Androe-
cium of many stamens. Gynoecium of a single carpel, or rarely of 2 or 3
carpels. Ovary l-celled : style entire. Fruit a drupe.

Style basal : ovules erect.

Inflorescence axillary: drupe with a fluted stone. 1. Ciirysobalands.

Inflorescence terminal : drupe with a terete stone. 2. Geobalanus.

Style terminal : ovules pendulous. 3. Laukocerasus.

1. CKEYSOBAIiANirS L. Shrubs or trees. Leaf -blades of an orbicular
or obovate type. Cymes axillary. Petals clawed. Filaments distinct or
nearly so. Stone of the fruit pointed at the base, ridged. — Cocoa-plum.

Drupe globular or spheroidal : petals cuneate. 1. C. Icaco.

Drupe obovoid or oblong-obovoid : petals spatulate. 2. C. pellocarpus.

1. C, Icaco L. Shrub, when growing on beaches, with radially creeping
branches, or a tree sometimes 10 m. tall : leaf -blades broadly obovate to orbicu-
lar-obovate, mostly 4-8.5 cm. long, typically retuse: sej^als about 2.5 mm.
long: drupes globose or spheroidal, 3-4 cm. long, yellow, red, or purple: stone
broadly obovoid, blunt-ridged. — Hammocks. — F. K. (Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

2. C. pellocarpus Mey. Shrub or small tree: leaf -blades oval, obovate, or
orV>icular, mostly 2-6 cm. long, typically rounded or abruptly pointed: sepals
about 2 mm. long: drupes obovoid, 1.5-2 cm. long, purple: stone oblong or
oblong-obovoid, sharp-ridged. — Everglades and adjacent hammocks. {Bah.,
Cuba, Ant.)

a. GEOBAIjANUS Small. Shrubs, with underground stems. Leaf-
blades more elongate than in Chrysobalanus : cymes terminal. Petals not
clawed. Filaments markedly united. Stone of the fruit terete, not pointed at
the base. — Gopher-apple. Ground-oak.

Ovary glabrous : drupes 2-2.5 cm. long. 1. O. oblongifoUus.

Ovary pubescent : drupes 3-4 cm. long. 2. G. palUdua.

MIMOSACEAE. 81

1. G. oblongifolius (Micbx.) Small. Plants 1-3 dm. tall: blades of the upper
leaves oblaiiceolate to oblong, 3-12 om. long, glabrous, obtuse or retuse and
mucronate: drupes ovoid to obovoid.- — Coastal sand-dunes.

2. G. pallidus Small. Similar to G. ohlongifoUus in habit: blades of the
upper leaves elliptic to oblong, 4-10 cm. long, acute, densely white-tomentose
beneath, the hairs partly deciduous: drupes subglobose. — Pinelands.

3. LAUROCERASUS Heicheub. Shrul)s or trees. Leaves persistent,
copiously impregnated with prussic acid. Flowers in axillary racemes. Hy-
panthium white. Sepals minute. Petals more or less angulate. Drupe with
a dry exooarp.

1. L. myrtifolia (L.) Brittou. Tree becoming IG m. tall: leaf-blades elliptic
or oval: racemes loosely flowered, the pedicels slender: petals slightly angled:
drupes 8-12 mm. in diameter: stone sphaeroidal. [L. sphaerocarpa (Sw.)
Roem.] — Hammocks. — {Bah., Cuba, Ant.) — West-indian cherry.

Family 3. MIMOSACEAE. Mimosa Family.

Herbs, sliru])s, or trees. Leaves alternate : blades compound, usually
2-3-pinnate : stipules sometimes spine-like. Flowers mostly perfect, bome
in capitate or elongate usually dense spikes or racemes. Calyx of 3-6
partially united sepals. Corolla of 3-G equal, distinct or partially united
petals. Androecium of 3-6, or many, stamens which are usually con-
spicuously exserted. Gynoeciuni 1-carpellary. Fniit a legume.

Stamens numerous, more than 10.

Filaments partially united into a tube.

Valves of tlie pod not separating from the continuous

margin. 1- I'lTnECOLOBicJL

Valves of the pod separating from the continuous margin. 2. Lysiloma.
Filaments distinct, or the inner ones sometimes slightly
united at the base.
Ovary stipitate : petals distinct or united, commonly only
to below the middle : pods flat, dry, the seeds not in
two distinct rows. 3. Acacia.

Ovary sessile : petals united into a tubular-funnelform,
shallowly lobed corolla : pods nearly terete or broader
than high, pulpy within, the seeds in two separate rows. 4. Vachellia.
Stamens as many as the petals or the corolla-lobes or twice as
many.
Anthers without glandular appendages at the top.

Valves of the pod not separating from the continuous

margin. .5. Leucaena.

Valves of the pod separating from the continuous margin, ti. ISIorongia.

Anthers, at least in the bud, topped by glandular appendages. 7. Neptdnia.

1. PITHECOLOBIUM Mart. Shrubs or trees. Leaves 2-pinnate: leaflets

few, often 4. Spikes capitate. Calyx-lobes minute. Corolla prominently

lobed. Pods narrow, often pulpy within. Seeds with colored arils.

Ovary glabrous, shorter than the stipe : petioles larger than the petiolules.

1. P. L'nijuis-Cuti.
Ovary pubescent, larger than the stipe ; petioles shorter than

the petiolules. '1. P. f/iKnlclupcnsis.

1. P. Ungruis-Cati (L.) Benth. Tnarmed shrub or small tree: blades of the
leaflets thinnish, broadly obovate, oval, or suborbicular, 1-4.5 cm. long: calyx
1.5-2 mm. long; lobes wider than long, blunt: corolla 3.-5-4.5 mm. long: pods
long-stipitate. — Coastal sand-dunes. — F. K. (Bah., Cuba, Ant.) — Cat's-claw.

2. P. giiadelupensis Chapm. Armed shrub or small spreading tree: blades of
the leaflets leathery, oblong to cuneate, oval or suborbicular, 3-7 cm. long:
calyx 2.5-3 mm. long; lobes longer than wide, acute: corolla 5-6 mm. long:

Flora of Miami 6

82 MIMOSACEAE.

pods short-stipitate. — Coastal sand-dunes and hammocks. — F. K. {Bah., Cuba,
Ant.) — Black-bead.

2. LYSLLOMA Benth. Shrubs or trees. Leaves 2-pinnate: leaflets
numerous. Spikes capitate. Calyx-lobes relatively long. Corolla slightly
longer than the calyx. Pod oblong to linear.

1. L. bahamensis Benth. Tree becoming 20 m. tall, with spreading branches:
leaves with 4-8 pinnae; leaflets 20-40; blades oblong to oblong-lauceolate,
S-11 mm. long: calyx about 2 mm. long: corolla 2.5-3 mm. long; lobes ovate:
pods oblong, 8-15 cm. long, long-stipitate. — Hammocks. — F. K. {Bah., Cuba.)

— WiLD-TAMAKIND.

3. ACACIA [Tourn.] L. Shrubs or trees, or sometimes herbs. Leaves
mostly 2-pinnate, sometimes reduced to phyllodia: leaflets usually numerous.
Spikes capitate or cylindric. Calyx cupulate or resembling the corolla. Petals
distinct or partially united. Filaments distinct, or some of them slightly
united at the base. Pods flat. — Acacia.

1. A. angustissima (Mill.) Kuntze. Shrub with hirsute foliage: leaf-jnnnae
mostly 10-30: leaflets very numerous; blades oblong or narrowly oblong, 4-5
mm. long: calyx less than 1 mm. long; lobes deltoid, acute: corolla 2-2.5 mm.
long: pods linear-oblong, 3-4 cm. long, 6-9 mm. wide. [A. filicioides (Cav.)
Trelease. ] — Pinelands.

4. VACHELLIA Wight & Arn. Shrubs or small trees. Leaves 2-
pinnate: leaflets numerous, small. Spikes globose. Calyx-lobes minute, rela-
tively short. Corolla about twice as long as the calyx; lobes short. Filaments
distinct. Pod very turgid.

1. V. Famesiana (L.) Wight & Arn. Shrub with diffuse branches, or small
tree: leaf -pinnae 8-16; leaflets 20-50, the blades linear-oblong, 2-4 mm. long:
calyx about 1.5 mm. long: corolla 2-2.5 mm. long: pods 3-7.5 cm. long. —
Pinelands and hammocks. — F. K. {Bah., Cuba, Ant.) — Yellow-opopanax.

5. LEUCAZNA Benth. Shrubs or trees. Leaves mostly 2-pinnate: leaf-
lets often small and numerous. Spikelets capitate. Calyx-lobes minute. Petals
distinct, or rarely slightly coherent. Filaments distinct or nearly so. Pod
linear, flat.

1. L. glauca (L.) Benth. Shrub, or tree becoming 10 m. tall: leaflets 6-12
mm. long; blades narrowly oblong to lanceolate, over 1.5 mm. wide: calyx
2-2.5 mm. long or rarely shorter: petals 4-4.5 mm. long: pods 10-15 cm.
long. — Hammock^. — F. K. {Ber., Bah., Cuba, Ant.) — Lead-tree.

6. MORONGIA Britton. Perennial herbs or partially woody plants,
with spreading or prostrate prickly stems. Leaves 2-pinnate: leaflets numerous,
usually sensitive. Spikes globular. Calyx-lobes minute. Petals united to the
middle or above it. Filaments distinct or nearly so. Pod narrow, turgid, not
jointed, prickly.

1. M. angustata (T. & G.) Britton. Stem and branches reclining or prostrate:
blades of the leaflets narrowly oblong, 1.5-7 mm. long: peduncles armed like
the stem: calyx-lobes minute: carolla about 3 mm. long; lobes linear-lanceo-
late: pods 5-15 cm. long, beaked. — Pinelands. — Sexsitive-brier.

7. NEPTUNIA Lour. Perennial unarmed diffuse, prostrate, or float-
ing plants. Leaves 2-pinnate: leaflets numerous, small or minute. Spikes

CASSIACEAE. 83

globose or cjlimliio. Calyx-lobes shorter than the tube. Petals distinct or
partially united. Filaments distinct or nearly so. Ovary short-stipitate. Pod
oblique.

1. N. floridana Small. Stem and branches sparingly pubescent or glabrate:
leaflets 3-4 mm. long; blades linear to linear-lanceolate: calyx-lobes triangu-
lar-lanceolate, acuminate: petals acuminate: pods 2.5-3.5 cm. long. — Pine-
lands.— F. K. (Cuba.)

Family 4. CASSIACEAE. Senna Family.

Trees, shi-ubs, or herbs. Leaves alternate: blades compound, usually
1-2-pinnate, rarely 1-foIiolate. Flowers perfect, polygamous, monoecious,
or dioecious, more or less irregular. Calyx of 3-5, usually slightly united
sepals, sometimes borne on the edge of a well-developed hypanthium.
Corolla of 3-5 unequal distinct petals. Androecium of 6-10 distinct or
nearly distinct stamens. Gynoecium l-carpellaiy. Fruit a legume.

Sepals, and petals, usually 5: stamens 5-10.
Leaves with 1-pinnate blades.

Pods indehiscent or tardily dehiscent : corolla nearly regular, the five petals

slightly unequal : calyx-lobes obtuse. 1. Cassia.

Pods elastically dehiscent : corolla very irregular, one of
the lateral petals (standard) and the lowest petal large,
the others greatly reduced : calyx-lobes acuminate. 2. Chamaecrista.

Leaves with 2-pinnate blades.

Pods long, smooth : petals with suborbicular or reniform

blades. o. Poinciana.

Pods short, priokle-armed : petals with cuneate or spatu-

late blades. 4. Guilandina.

Sepals 4 : petals 3, often accompanied by 2 rudiments : stamens 3. 5. Tamaeindds.

1. CASSIA [Tourn.] L. Herbs, shrubs, or trees. Leaves abruptly 1-pin-
nate: stipules deciduous. Flowers in axillary racemes or panicles. Sepals
nearly distinct, leathery or jjetaloid. Petals mainly yellow or whitish. Pod
more or less turgid, indehiscent or tardily dehiscent. — Sexxa.

Plants herbaceous.

Petiolar gland near the base of the rachis : blades of the leaflets not obovate.

Petiolar gland globular, sessile : pods broad-margined. 1. C. occidentalis.

Petiolar gland elongate, stipitate : pods narrow-margined. 2. C. ligustrina.
Petiolar gland between the lower pair of leaflets : blades of

the leaflets obovate or cuneate. 3. C. Tora.

Plants woody. 4. O. bahamensis.

1. C. occidentalis L. Plant annual, 5-15 dm. tall, nearly glabrous: leaflets
8-12 ; blades lanceolate, becoming lanceolate-elliptic, somewhat acuminate,
3.6-5 cm. long; petiolar gland globular, near the base of the rachis: stipules
broadly lanceolate: sepals 11-14 mm. long: petals 15-19 mm. long: pods
linear, glabrous, with the septa externally prominent, 8-13 cm. long, 6 mm.
wide. — Pinelands and cultivated grounds. Xat. of Trop. Am. — F, K. (Ber.,
Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

2. C. ligustrina L. Plant perennial, 6-20 dm. tall, nearly glabrous: leaflets
12-10; blades lanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate, 4-4.2 cm. long; petiolar gland
at the base of rachis, elongate, stipitate: stipides linear-lanceolate: sepals 9-12
mm. long, the larger ones obovate: petals 13-16 mm. long, nearly uniform in
shape: pods curved, flat, prominently margined, 7-8 mm. wide. — Hammocks. — •
(Ber., Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

3. C. Tora L. Plant annual, 4-15 dm. tall, nearly glabrous: leaflets 4-6;
blades obovate or cuneate-obovate, very slightly cuspidate, the terminal pair
much the largest, 3-5 cm. long: petiolar gland elongate, between the lower
pairs of leaflets: stipules linear-spatulate to setaceous: sepals 7-9 mm. long,

84 CASSIACEAE.

the larger ones ovate: petals 13-15 mm. long, very diverse in shape: poda
falcate, more or less tetragonal, 3—4 mm, wide. — Pinelands and waste grounds.
Nat. of Trop. Am.— F. K. (Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

4. C. bahamensis Mill. Plant woody: leaflets 6-10; blades subcoriaeeous,
ovate or acutely elliptical, niucronate, 3.5-5 cm. long: petiolar gland de-
pressed, between the lower pairs of leaflets to near base of rachis: stipules
ovate to lanceolate: sepals 7-12 mm. long: petals 15-20 mm. long, or some-
times smaller: pods flat, with lateral depressions between the seeds, 9-11 cm.
long, 5 mm. wide. — Pinelands. — F. K. {Bah., Cuba.)

2. CHAMAECRISTA Moench. Herbs or shrubs. Leaves abruptly 1-pin-
nate: stipules persistent. Flowers clustered in leaf -axils. Sepals nearly dis-
tinct, membraneous. Petals mainly yellow or whitish. Pod flattish, promptly
dehiscent, the valves elastic. — Sensiti\t:-pea. Sexsitive-plant.

Tall woody plants : smaller petals over 15 mm. long : pod glabrous. 1. 0. irachiata.
Low herbaceous plants: larger petals less than 10 mm. long: pod
pubescent.
Stem and branches erect or ascending: leaflets mostly 4<i-.'(4. 2. C. aspera.

Stem and branches prostrate or decumbent : leaflets mostly

lG-34. 3. C. Simpsonii.

1. C. brachiata Pollard. Stem 2 m. tall or less, often widely branched above:
leaflets 20-28; blades linear, cuspidate, glabrous, midvein somewhat excentric:
petiolar gland much depressed, discoid: stipules lanceolate: sepals 15-20 mm.
long, glabrous or nearly so: standard 17-24 mm. long: pods 6-7 cm. long,
glabrous, often conspicuously banded. — Pinelands.

2. C. aspera (Muhl.) Greene. Stem copiously hirsute, erect or ascending:
leaflets 40-54 ; blades narrowly linear, 15 mm. long or less, acuminate : petiolar
gland slender, erect, elongate: stipules linear-lanceolate: sepals 5-7 mm. long,
sparingly long-hairy: standard somewhat reniform, crenate, only about i as
long as the large wing-petal: pod hirsute, 2.8 cm. long, 6 mm. wide. — Pine-
lands and edges of hammocks. — F. K. (Bah.)

3. C. Simpsonii Pollard. Stem branching from the base, the branches pros-
trate or decumbent, more or less puberulent and often partially hirsute: leaf-
lets 16-34; blades glabrous or nearly so, narrowly linear, 8 mm. long, or less,
each tipped with a black, rigid acuminate tip : petiolar gland minute, stipitate,
obconical : stipules lanceolate : sepals 5-7 mm. long, sparingly short-pubescent :
standard obovate, 6-7 mm. long, about as long as the large wing-petal: pods
linear, hirsute, 2 cm. long, 4-5 mm. wide. — Pinelands. — F. K.

3. POINCIANA [Tourn.] L. Erect much-branched shrubs or trees.
Leaflets usually few and relatively large: blades rather broad. Sepals much
shorter than the petals. Blades of the short-clawed petals not flabellate.
Pod flat, narrow, the valves leathery. Seeds flattened.

1. P. pulcherrima L. Shrub or small tree: leaflets glabrous; blades oblong
to cuneate, 15-25 mm. long: sepals 15-16 mm. long: corolla mainly red;
standard 25-27 mm. long: filaments 4.0-45 mm. long: pods 9-13 cm. long. —
Pinelands and cultivated grounds. Nat. of the W. Indies. — F. K. (Bah.,
Cuba, Ant.) — Barbados-flower.

4. GUILANDINA L. Reclining or spreading prickly shrubs. Leaflets
relatively few or numerous and large: blades broad. Sepals as long as the
petals or nearly so. Blades of the narrow petals mainly spatulate. Pod nearly
as wide as long, turgid. Seeds turgid.

Leaves with follaceous stipules : seeds gray or lead-colored. 1. O. Crista.

Leaves without stipules : seeds yellow. 2. Q. Bonduc.

FABACEAE.

85

1 G. Crista (L.) Small. Straggling or spreading shrub: leaflets numerous;
blades ovate, oblong-ovate, or nearly oblong, 1.5-3.5 cm. long mucronate:
racemes or panicles 1-4 dm. long: sepals 9-11 mm. long, mostly obtuse: petals
dull-yellow, the narrower ones 10-13 mm. long, truncate and 3-toothed at the
apex: pods oval or oval-oblong, 5-7 cm. long.— Coastal sand-dunes and shore
hammocks.— F. K. (Ber., Bah., Cuha, ^nf.)- Gray-nicker.

2 G Bonduc L. Plants similar to G. Crista in habit, but leaflets relatively
larger: sepals mostly acute: narrower petals rounded and merely uneven at
the apex. — Coastal sand-dunes and shore hammocks.— F. K. (Bah., Cuba,
Ant.) — Yellow-nicker.

5. TAMARINDUS [Tourn.] L. Unarmed trees. Leaves relatively small:
leaflets numerous. Sepals 4. Petals 3, often with 2 additional rudiments.
Stamens 3, the filaments united to about the middle, alternating with 3 minute
staminodia. Ovary elongate: pod indehiscent, succulent within.
1. T. indica L. Tree with spreading branches: leaflets 18-36, 1-2 cm. long,
the iolades oblong to linear-oblong, becoming reticulate: sepals 10-12 mm.
long: petals yellowish or reddish, 13-16 mm. long, crisped: pod thick, b-liJ
cm. long, more or less curved, the edges rounded.— Hammocks. Nat. of the i..
Indies.— F. K. {Bah., Cuba, ^?if.)— Tamarind.

Family 5. FABACEAE. Pea Family.
Herbs, shrubs, trees, or vines. Leaves altemate: blades 1-compound,
l-niany-foliolate, or rarely simple. Flowers mostly perfect, irregular.
Calyx of 5 more or less unequal partially united sepals. Corolla of 5
(or of 1 petal in Amorpha), unequal distinct or nearly distinct petals
which are 2 keel-petals, 2 wing-s, and 1 standard which surrounds the
others. Androecium of 10 monodelphous, diadelphous or rarely distinct
stamens, or rarely 9 or 5. Gynoecium 1-carpellary. Ovaiy superior.
Fruit a dehiscent or indehiscent legume, or a loment.

Stamens 10 : filaments distinct. Tribh I. SOPHOREAB.

Stamens 10 or fewer: filaments monadelphous or
diadelphous.
Leaves destitute of tendrils.

Herbs or shrubs, or trees or woody vines with
1-foliolate or pinnate leaf-blades.
Fruit 2-valved or indehiscent, not a loment.
Foliage not glandular-dotted.

Anthers of 2 kinds : filaments mona- .,,.,„„.,- . r.

delphous. Tnnu; 11. (iKMSlEAL.

Anthers all alike : filaments diadel-
phous at least beyond the middle. ^.Tr^r^c^AT.
Poda dehiscent. TRiim III. GALEGEAE.
Pods indehiscent. Triiik IV. DAI,P,KKGIEAE.
Foliage glandular-dotted. Tbibh V. PSOKALKAK.
Fruit a lomlnt. Tiuuu VI. HEDVSAKEAE.
Herbaceous vines, or herbs with stipellate

leaflets, or shrubs or trees with 3-folioIate titt » oi^^r^r r- to

leaf-blades Tniiin VII. PHASEOLEAE.

Leaves bearing tendrils. Tribh VIII. VICIEAB.

TRir.B I. SOPHOREAE.
Inflorescence racemose : pods moniliform. 1. Sophora.

Tribe II. GENISTEAE.
Stipules at least the upper ones decurrent : pods inflated. 2. Crotalaria.

Tribe III. GALEGEAE.

Leaf-blades unequally pinnate.

Pods 4-angled or very turgid. 3. Indigofera.

86

FABACEAE.

Pods flattened.
Leaf-blades equally pinnate.

Teibe IV. DALBERGIEAE.

Leaf-blades 1-foliolate: pods suborbicular, 1-seeded.
Leaf-blades pinnately several-follolate : pods linear, several-
seeded.

Teibe V. PSORALEAE.
Stamens 9 or 10.

Corolla of a single petal (standard).
Corolla of 5 petals.
Stamens 5.

Spikes not involucrate : calyx-lobes rather broad, shorter

than the tube.
Spikes involucrate : calyx-lobes bristle-like, longer than
the tube.

Tribe VI. HEDYSAREAE.

Corolla yellow, or sometimes purple- or red-tinged.
Flowers perfect.

Calyx spathe-like, the 2 long lobes minutely toothed
at the apex : standard-blade longer than wide,
cuneate at the base : wings and keel-petals sessile
or short-clawed, minutely auricled at the base.
Calyx not spathe-like, the short lips prominently lobed :
standard-blades as wide as long or wider, cordate
at the base : keel- and wiug-petals slender-clawed,
prominently auricled.
Flowers monoecious, at least some of them sterile, others
fertile.
Corolla white, blue, violet, or purple.

Teibe VII. PHASEOLEAE.

Keel of the corolla neither curved nor coiled.
Style glabrous or sparingly pubescent below.
Standard not spurred at the base.
Corolla yellow.

Ovules, and seeds, 2 or 3.
Ovules, and seeds, several.
Corolla blue, purple, scarlet, or white.
Pod terete, torulose : corolla scarlet.
Pod flattened, not torulose : corolla blue, purple,
or white.
Standard shorter than the wings.
Standard longer than the wings. .
Standard with a spur at the base of the blade.
Style bearded along the inner side.
Keel of the corolla coiled or curved.
Keel spirally twisted.

Leaflets 5 or more, wing-petals with an incurved

auricle at the base of the blade.
Leaflets 3, wing-petals merely angled at the base of
the blade.
Keel Incurved.

Inflorescence capitate.

Pods flattened : keel-petals with an elongate narrow

tip.
Pods nearly terete : keel-petals without a tip.
Inflorescence racemose or paniculate.

Upper calyx-lip shorter than the lower : keel angled :

style pubescent.
Upper calyx-lip longer than the lower : keel curved :
style glabrous.

4. Cracca.

5. Glottidicm.

6. Dalbeegia.

7. Ichthyomethia.

8. Amoepha.

9. Parosela.

10. Petalostemox.

11. Kdhxistera.

12. AESCHVXOilEXE.

13. Secdla.

14. Sttlosanthes.

15. Meibomia.

16. dolicholus.

17. Cajan.

18. Eeytheina.

19. MUCUNA.

20. Galactia.

21. Bradburya.

22. Clitoeia.

23. Glycine.

24. Phaseolus.

2i). STROPnOSTYLES.
26. ViGXA.

27. dolichos.

28. Canavali.

Tribe VIII. VICIEAE.
Style terete, with a tuft of hairs at the apex. 29. Vicia.

1. SOPHORA L. Shrubs, trees, or herbs. Leaf-blades several-foliolate.
Eacemes erect. Calyx nearly equally 5-lobed or truncate. Standard markedly
clawed. Wings and keel-petals auricled on one side. Pod thick. Seeds thick.

FABACEAE. 87

1. S. tomentosa L. Shrub, with copiously pubescent foliage: blades of the
leaflets oblong, oblong-ovate, or oval, or rarely spatulate, 2.5-6 cm. long,
finely pubescent beneath: calyx 5-8 mm. long, the limb undulate: corolla yel-
low, 18-25 mm. long: blades of the wings and the keel-petal narrowly oblong:
pods 5-11 cm. long, torulose. — Coastal sand-dunes and shore hammocks. — F. K.
{Ber., Ball., Cuba, Ant.)

2. CROTALARIA [Dill.] L. Herbs. Stipules often decurrent on the
stem or branches. Leaf-blades 3-foliolate or 1-foliolate. Calyx with a promi-
nently 2-lobed upper lijD and a deeply 3-lobed lower lip. Corolla yellow or
blue: standard with a pair of callosities near the base of the blade: wings
with the scarcely auricled blades broadened upward: blades of the keel-petals
broadly scythe-shaped. Pods globular to cylindric. — Eattle-box.

A. Leaves with 1-folioIate blades.

Leaflets with orljicular or oval liiades predominating : stems decuml^ent or
prostrate.
Stems and peduncles with relatively long, loose or spread-
ing hairs. 1- C rotundifolia.
Stems and peduncles with short appressed hairs. * -. C. maritima.
Leaflets with linear blades predominating : stems erect or

nearly so. 3. C. Purshii.

B. Leaves with 3-foliolate blades.

Plants annual : lobes of the lower calyx-lip longer than the

tube : pods li.5-3.5 cm. long. 4. C. incana.

Plants perennial : lobes of the lower calyx-lip shorter than

the tube : pods 1-1.5 cm. long. 5. C. pumila.

1. C. rotundifolia (Walt.) Poir. Stems radiating from the stout root: blades
of the lower leaflets orbicular to obovate; of the upper ones oval, oval-ovate,
or broadly oblong: calyx loosely pubescent: standard 11-14 mm. long. — Pine-
lands.

2. C. maritima Chapm. Similar to C. rotundifolia in habit: blades of the
lower leaflets suborbicular to oval; of the upper ones narrower: calyx appressed-
pubescent: corolla rather smaller than in C. rotundifolia. — Pinelauds. — F. K.

3. C. Purshii DC. Plant 1-5 dm. tall, the branches sometimes decumbent:
blades of the lower leaflets spatulate to oblanceolate ; of the upper ones linear,
often very narrowly so: calyx becoming 11-14 mm. long: standard 8-10 mm.
long; keel 7-8 mm. long: ovary glabrous.— Pinelands. — F. K.

4. C. incana L. Plants erect: blades of the leaflets oval to obovate: calyx
becoming 10-12 mm. long: keel 14-16 mm. long: ovary pubescent.^ — Pinelands
and waste places. Nat. of Trop. Am. — F. K. {Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

5. C. pumila Ortega. Plants decumbent: blades of the leaflets cuneate to
oblong-cuneate: calyx becoming 4-5.5 mm. long: keel 8-10 mm. long: ovary
pubescent. — Hammocks and pinelands, and coastal sand-dunes. — F. K. {Bah.,
Cuba, Ant.)

3. INDIGOFEEA L. Herbs. Leaflets several, or rarely 3, pinnate, or
rarely solitary. Flowers in spikes or racemes. Calyx-lobes nearly equal, shorter
than the" tube, or elongate. Corolla often pink or purple: standard broad,
scarcely clawed: wings with blades dilated at the apex and auricled at the
base, short-clawed: keel-petals scimitar-shaped, gibbous or spurred on the side,
clawless. — Indigo-plant.

Plant prostrate : calyx-lobes subulate or lanceolate-subulate, much longer than the
tube : standard 7-8 mm. long : androecium 5-6 mm. long : pods straight.

1. /. miniata.

Plant erect : calyx-lobes deltoid to triangular-lanceolate, as long
as the tube or shorter: standard 3-4.5 mm. long: androecium
2.5-3 mm. long : pods curved. 2. I. suifntticosa.

88 FABACEAE.

1. I. miniata Ortega. Stems prostrate: leaflets 5-9; blades linear-oblong to
narrowly oblanceolate : calyx about 3 mm. long; lobes subulate or lanceolate-
subulate: standard 7-8 mm. long or rarely smaller; the wings usually longer:
pods oblong-linear, 15-20 mm. long. — Pinelands. — F. K. (Cuba.)

2. I. suflfruticosa Mill. Stems erect : leaflets 7-15 ; blades oblong, oblanceo-
late or obovate: calyx 1.5-2 mm. long; lobes deltoid to triangular-lanceolate:
standard 3-4.5 mm. long; the wing-petals often slightly longer: pods linear,
12-15 mm. long. — Pinelands and cultivated grounds. Nat. of Asia. — {Ber.,
Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

4. CRACCA L. Herbs or partially woody plants. Leaflets several or
many, pinnate. Flowers in racemes or spike-like panicles. Calyx somewhat
2-lipped, the upper 2 lobes usually shorter than the others and partially
united. Corolla pink, purple, or red, or white: standard pubescent: wings
auricled on one side at the base of the blade: keel-petals usually with an
angular auricle. Pods flat or flattish. — Catgut. Goats '-rue.

Erect woody plnnts.

Calyx with sliCrt scattered appressed hairs : leaflets, and rachis glabrous.

1. C. (nicivstissima.
Calyx permanently hirsute : leaflets, and rachis, hirsute. '_'. C. coraUicola.

Prostrate or decumbent herbaceous plants.

Petioles longer than the leaflets. 3. t'. amhujua.

Petioles shorter than the leaflets.

Calyx long-hairy : upper lobes longer than the tube :

basal auricle of the keel-petals obscure, obtuse. 4. C. spicata.

Calyx short-hairy : upper lobes shorter than the tube :

"basal auricle of the keel-petals prominent, sharp. 5. C. floridana.

1. C. angustissima (Shuttlw.) Kuntze. Stems glabrous: leaflets 11-17; blades
of the lateral ones narrowly linear or very narrowly linear, 13-45 mm. long:
calyx 4-5 mm. long; lobes of the upper lip lanceolate; lower lobe lanceolate,
much longer than the lateral ones: standard 9-11 mm. long: pods about 3
mm. wide. — Pinelands.

2. C. corallicola Small. Stems copiously loose-pubescent, or glabrate in age:
leaflets 11-15; blades linear to linear-oblong, 7-13 mm. long: calyx 4-5 mm.
long; lobes of the upper lip lanceolate; lower and lateral lobes lanceolate,
about equal in length: standard 7-10 mm. long: pods 2-3 mm. wide. — Pine-
lands.

3. C. ambigua (M. A. Curtis) Kuntze. Stems loosely pubescent: leaflets 7-11;
blades of the lateral ones narrowly oblong to cuneate-oblong, 20-GO mm. long,
or rarely more, truncate or mucronate: calyx 4.5-5 mm. long; lobes of the
upper lip subulate; lower and lateral lobes subulate nearly equal: standard 16-
18 mm. long. — Pinelands.

4. C. spicata (Walt.) Kuntze. Stems copiously loose-pubescent: leaflets 5-15;
blades of the lateral ones oval, ol)long, or cuneate-ohlong, 10-25 mm. long,
mucronulate: calyx 7-8 mm. long; lobes of the upper lip subulate; lower and
lateral lobes subulate, nearly equal: standard 16-19 mm. long. — Pinelands.

5. C. floridana Vail. Stems finely pubescent and somewhat sticky: leaflets
9-13; blades of the lateral ones oblong to oblong-obovate, 14-30 mm. long,
obtuse or truncate: calyx 6-7 mm. long; lobes of the upper lip nearly as long
as the other lobes, and nearly as long as the tube: standard 16-18 mm. long.
— Pinelands.

5. GLOTTIDIUM Desv. Herbs, but often woody-stemmed. Leaflets
numerous. Eacemes several-flowered. Calyx slightly 2-lipped, the 5 lobes
acute. Corolla yellow, reddish, or purple: standard with a reniform blade:
wings and keel-petals more or less angular at the base of the blade. Pods
short, wingless.

FABACEAE. 89

1. G. vesicarium (Jaeq.) Desv. Plants 1-4 m. tall: leaflets 24-52; blades
oblong, 1..1-4 cm. long, mucronate: calyx-lobes shorter than the tube: corolla
yellow (or black-purple in G. vesicarium atropurpurcum) : blades of the
standard reniform: pods oblong, 5-8 em. long, acuminate at both ends. — Pine-
lands and cultivated grounds.

6. DAIiBEEGIA L. f. Shrubs. Leaflets solitary or rarely pinnate.
Racemes short. Calyx not 2-lipped, the 5 broad lobes short. Corolla white or
pink: standard with a suborbicular or reniform blade and a long claw. Free
portions of the filaments long. Pod lenticular.

1. D. Ecastophylliun (L.) Taub. Shrub with wide-spreading or trailing
branches: leaflets 5-15 cm. long; blades ovate, oblong, or elliptic: calyx cam-
pauulate, becoming 3.5-4 mm. long: corolla white or pink; standard 3-9 mm.
long, the blades suborbicular: pods suborbicular, 2-3 cm. in diameter. — Coastal
sand-dunes and shore hammocks. — F. K. {Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

7. ICHTHYOMETHIA P. Br. Trees. Leaflets several, pinnate. Panicles
thyrsoid. Calyx slightly 2-lipped: the upper lip notched: lower lip of three
broad lobes about equal in length. Corolla white or partially colored: standard
with a broad blade cordate at the base, and a short claw. Pods narrow,
4-winged.

1. I. piscipula (L.) A. Hitehc. Tree: leaflets 7-9; blades oval or obovate, or
nearly ovate, 2-10 cm. long, undulate or shallowly toothed : calyx campanulate,
6-7 mm. long: petals white and partially striped with red: standard 14-16
mm. long, the blade suborbicular: pods 5-10 cm. long, the wings undulate or
incised.— Hammocks.— F. K. {Bah., Cuba, Jnt)— Jamaica-dogwood.

8. AMORPHA L. Shrubs. Leaflets several or many, pinnate. Racemes
spike-like. Calyx 2-lipped, sometimes obscurely so. Standard erect, the broad
blade folded around the androecium and gynoecium. Wings and keel-petals
wanting. Filaments united at the base. Style pubescent, straight. Pod
turgid, nearly indehiscent.

1. A. herbacea Walt. Shrub 3-8 dm. tall: leaflets 11-37; blades elliptic,
oblong, or oblong-ovate, 9-16 mm. long, obtuse: racemes clustered, 4-30 cm.
long: calyx about 4 mm. long, the two upper lobes broader and shorter than
the acute lower ones: standard broadly spatulate, 4-5 mm. long, varying from
violet-purple to white: pods 4-5 mm. long, gland-dotted. — Hammocks and ad-
jacent pinelands.

9. PAROSELA Cav. Herbs or shrubs. Leaflets numerous, few or 3.
Spikes slender or stout. Calyx nearly regular, or the lower lobe elongate.
Petals purple or yellow, or white. Standard with a broad, often cordate,
blade. Wings and keel-petals with broad blades auricled on one side. Fila-
ments united nearly to the top. Pod oblique, mostly included in the calyx.

1. P. domingensls (DC.) Heller. Plants 8-30 dm. tall, velvety-pubescent:
leaflets 9-21; blades oval, oblong, or cuneate, 4-8 mm. long: calyx silky,
exceeding the bract; lobes subulate: standard 5-6 mm. long; blade orbicular-
ovate, longer than the claw: pods 3-3.5 mm. long, hairy. — Hammocks. —
{Cuba, Ant.)

10. PETALOSTEMON Michx. Herbs. Leaflets few or numerous. Spikes
dense. Calyx-lobes broad, or broad at the base. Standard with a short broad
blade. Filaments united to above the middle. Pod short, oblique, included in
the calyx.

90 FABACEAE.

1. P. cameus Michx. Plants 3-10 dm. tall: leaflets 5-7; blades linear, linear-
elliptic, or linear-oblaneeolate. 5-10 mm. long: calyx 3-3.5 mm. long: corolla
deep-pink: standard about 4 mm. long; blade oval: blades of the other petals
elliptic-oblong to narrowly oblong. — Pinelands. — F. K.^ — Prairie-clovek.

11, KUHNISTERA Lam. Herbs. Leaflets few or several. Spikes mostly
depressed, corymbose, resembling heads of Carduaceae. Calyx-lobes setaceous.
Standard with a narrow tapering blade. Filaments united to below the
middle. Pod as in Petalostemon.

1. K. pinnata (Walt.) Kuntze. Plants 3-12 dm. tall: leaflets 3-15; blades
linear-filiform to linear-cuneate, 5-10 mm. long: spikes subglobose: bracts
ciliate: calyx-lobes filiform-setaceous, much longer than the tube, plumose:
standard 6-8 mm. long; blade lanceolate: pod about 2 mm. long. — Pinelands.

12, AESCHYNOMENE L. Annual erect or diffuse plants. Leaflets
several or many, pinnate. Eacemes several-flowered. Calyx spathe-like, the
lips respectively minutely 2-lobed and 3-lobed, Corolla yellow or reddish:
standard with a broad blade : wings and keel-petals with narrow curved blades
which are auricled at the base. Ovary bent, sparingly muricate. Lonient
several- jointed, the sections oval or quadrate,

1. A. pratense Small, Plants 9-20 dm. tall: leaflets mostly 15-25; blades
narrowly oblong, 5-6 mm. long: calyx-lips 4-4.5 mm. long: blade of the
standard suborbicular, 10-13 mm. wide; blades of the keel and wing-petals
slightly narrowed above the auricles: pods scalloped-edged, the sections oval,
reticulate. — Everglades. — Sensitive joint-vetch,

13, SECULA Small, Herbs with prostrate stems and branches. Leaflets
few, pinnate. Panicles few-flowered. Calyx 2-lipped; upper lip with 2 broad
lobes; lower lip with 3 lobes. Corolla yellowish or purplish: standard with a
very broad blade: wings and keel-petals auricled on one side, the keel-petals
with the narrower blades and abruptly bent. Loment few-jointed, the sections
half-orbicular,

1, S, viscidula (Michx,) Small. Plants sticky-pubescent, the branches 1-12
dm, long: leaflets 5-9; blades obovate, 3-12 mm. long, reticulate: calyx-lobes
obtuse: corolla yellowish or purplish; standard 5-6 mm. long: pods 1-2 cm.
long, pubescent, 2-3-jointed. — Pinelands. — {Cuba, Ant.)

14, STYLOSANTHES Sw. Herbs, Leaflets 3, pinnate. Flowers of two
kinds, the one complete, but sterile, the other without a perianth, but fertile.
Calyx 2-lipped: upper lip with 2 broad lobes; lower lip with the middle lobe
longer and narrower than the lateral ones. Corolla yellow or orange, persistent :
standard with a very broad blade: blades of the wings and the keel-petals
auricled, the latter incurved, Loment flat, 1- or 2-jointed, the lower joint
empty, the upper one opening at the apex.

1. S, hamata (L,) Taub. Plants decumbent or procuml)ent: leaflets 7-17 mm.
long; blades oblong to oblong-lanceolate: calyx 2-2.5 mm. long: standard 4-5
mm. long: pods 2-jointed, the lower joint usually abortive, the terminal one
with 1-ribbed sides and a hooked beak. — Pinelands. — F, K. (Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

15, MEIBOMIA Heister, Herbs, shrubs, or vines. Leaflets 3, or rarely
1 or 5, Eacemes simple or compound. Calyx 2-lipped, sometimes obscurely so,
the middle lobe of the lower lip often smaller or narrower and longer than the

FABACEAE. 91

lateral ones. Corolla variously colored or white: standard with a broad blade:
blades of the wings and the keel-petals auricled on one side, short-clawed.
Ovary slender. Lonient few-several-jointed, usually with hooked hairs. —
Tick-trefoil.

Loments constricted into separate joints.

Loment with the constrictions deeper below than aliove ; joints longer than wide.
Stem and branches trailing: blades of the leaflets of an orbicular type.

1. 1/. arenicola.
Stem and branches erect or ascending : blades of the
leaflets of an ovate, oval or elliptic type.
Loment loug-stipilate : wings and keel-petals very

unequal in length. 2. M. rhombifolia.

Loment very short-stipitate : wings and keel-petals

nearly equal in length. .3. M. obtuisu.

Loment with equally deep constrictions on both sides ; joints

suborbicular. 4. M. purpurea.

Loments straight on the upper side, undulate on the lower. 5. M.supinu.

1. M. arenicola Vail. Stems prostrate: stipules subulate: leaflets 1-5; blades
ovate-orbicular, 1-2.5 cm. long: lateral calyx-lobes ovate: standard mostly less
than 4.5 mm. long: loment about evenly constricted beneath and above, the
joints orbicular or oval, 2-2.5 mm. wide. — Pinelands,

2. M. rhombifolia (Ell.) Vail. Stems pubescent: stipules subulate: leaflets
5-9 cm. long; blades ovate to ovate-lanceolate, pubescent beneath: lateral
calyx-lobes lanceolate, the lower lobe scarcely longer: standard 5-7 mm. long:
keel-petals mostly shorter than the standard: loment-joints 3.5-4 mm. wide,
the ventral side abruptly rounded. — Pinelands.

3. M. obtusa (Muhl.) Vail. Stems hirsute or minutely pubescent: leaflets
1-2 cm. long; blades orbicular-ovate or oval, sparingly pubescent beneath:
lateral calyx-lobes deltoid, acute; the lower lobe lanceolate: standard 4-5 mm.
long: stipe of the loment i as long as the joint. — Pinelands — F. K.

4. M. purpurea (Mill.) Vail. Stems pubescent: stipules ovate: leaflets 2-11
cm. long; blades ovate, ovate-oblong, or elliptic, pubescent, and often reticu-
late beneath: lateral calyx-lobes linear-lanceolate: standard 3.5-4 mm. long,
cuneate at the base: keel-petals obliquely pointed: loment-joints suborbicular,
over 2.5 mm. wide. — Pinelands. — (Cuba, Ant.)

5. M. supina (Sw.) Britton. Stems glabrous or nearly so: stipules lanceolate
or ovate-lanceolate: leaflets 2-8 cm. long; blades oval or elliptic: lateral calyx-
lobes lanceolate : standard 5-6 mm. long, truncate or subcordate above the
short claw: keel-petals rounded at the apex: loment-joints half-orbicular, 1-1.5
mm. wide. — Hammocks. — (Bah,, Cuba, Ant.)

16. DOLICHOLUS Medic. Herbs or vines. Leaflets 3 or 1. Flowers
perfect and complete. Calyx 2-lipped, the 2 upper lobes more or less united.
Corolla yellow : blade of the standard broadened upward : blades of the wings
unequally auricled on both sides, the auricles angular: blades of the keel-
petals much longer than wide. Pod flat, short.

Corolla much longer than the calyx.

Racemes very slender, many-flowered, exceeding the leaves : flowers and legumes

reflexed. 1. D. minimus.

Racmes 1-6 flowered, as long as the leaves or shorter. :!. U. pariiflorus.

Corolla about as long as the calyx or shorter.
Plants with prostrate or climbing stems.

Leaves mostly 1-foliolate: ovary and pod long-hairy:

calyx-lobes long-clliate. ^. D. ilirhauxii.

Leaves 3-foliolate : ovary and pod short-hairy : calyx-
lobes short-ciliate. 4. D. cinereus.
Plants with erect stems.

Upper leaves 1-foliolate : standard-blades of a subor-
bicular type : style much longer than the ovary. 5. D. simplicif alius.
Upper leaves 3-foliolate : standard-blade of an obovate

type: style about as long as the ovarj 6. D. intermedius.

92 FABACEAE.

1. D. minimus (L.) Medic. Stems minutely pubescent: leaflets O.S-4 cm. long;
blades of the lateral ones semi-rhombic, that of the terminal one rhombic-
orbicular: lo^er calyx-lobe subulate: standard 5-6 mm. long; blade orbicular-
cuneate: auricles of the wings acute. — Pinelands. — F. K. (Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

2. D. parviflorus (DC.) Vail. Stems grayish-tomentose : leaflets 1.5-3.5 cm.
long; blades elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate or sometimes broader: lower calyx-
lobe linear-lanceolate: standard 7-8 mm. long; blade suborbicular : auricles of
the wings obtuse. — Pinelands. — F. K. (Cuha.)

3. D. Michauxii Vail. Stems densely gray-pubescent: leaflets 2.5-5 mm.
long; blades broader than long, soft-hirsute beneath: calyx 12-17 mm. long;
lobes abruptly acuminate: standard 12-14 mm. long; blade cuneate: pod
slightly longer than wide. — Pinelands.

4. D. clnereus (Nash) Vail. Stems cinereous-pubescent: leaflets 1-3 em. long;
blades obliquely orbicular to ovate-orbicular or depressed: lateral calyx-lobes
lanceolate, markedly shorter than the lower one; lobes of the upper calyx-lip
lanceolate: standard 6-7 mm. long: pods 14-17 mm. long. — Pinelands. — P. K.

5. D. simplicifolius (Walt.) Vail. Stems hirsute: leaflets 2-5 cm. long; blades
depressed-orbicular or reniform, liirsute on the veins beneath: calyx 8-10 mm.
long; upper lobes typically ovate, lower lobe about equalling the lateral ones:
standard 6-7.5 mm. long; blade broadly obovate or suborbicular: wings about
as long as the standard. — Pinelands.

6. D. intermedius (T. & G.) Vail. Stems tomentose: leaflets 2-5 cm. long;
blades suborbicular and often somewhat rhombic, or ovate-orbicular, or those
of the lateral ones ovate or oval: calyx about as large as that of D. simplici-
folius; upper lobes typically lanceolate: standard 7-8 mm. long; blade nearly
oblong or oblong-obovate: wings much shorter than the standard. — Pinelands.

17. CAJAN Adans. Partially woody herbs. Leaflets 3. Eacemes few-
several-flowered. Calyx somewhat 2-lipped, the upper lobes partially united.
Corolla yellow or mainly so : blade of the standard suborbicular, sharp-auricled
at the base: blades of the wings rather prominently, but unequally auricled on
each side: blades of the keel-petals broad at the apex. Pod turgid, elongate.

1. C. Cajan (L.) Millsp. Plants 3-30 dm. tall, velvety-tomentose : leaflets
mainly 4-12 cm. long; blades narrowly elliptic or oblong, acute or short-
acuminate, pale and prominently veined beneath: calyx 8-14 mm. long:
standard-blade 16-20 mm. long: pods narrowly oblong to linear-oblong. —
Pinelands and cultivated grounds. Nat. of the Old World Tropics. — F. K.
{Bah., Cuba, ^nL)— Congo-pea. Pigeon-pea.

18. ERYTHRINA L. Herbs, shrubs, or trees. Leaflets 3. Eacemes
several-many-flowered. Calyx obliquely truncate. . Corolla red, scarlet, or
crimson: standard conspicuous, erect, narrowed upward: wings and keel-
petals very small, nearly equal in size, the blades short-clawed. Androecium
exserted: filaments united to about the middle or slightly above it. Pod
torulose.

1. E. arborea (Chapm.) Small. Shrub, or tree 3-8 m. tall: blades of the leaf-
lets deltoid to hastate: racemes few-flowered: calyx cylindric: standard 35-40
mm. long; blade about 1 cm. wide; wing-petals 11-12 mm. long: pods 9-13
cm. long: seeds scarlet. — Hammocks. — F. K. — Coral-hean.

19. MUCUNA Adans. Vines. Leaflets 3. Eacemes or panicles erect,
usually few-flowered. Calyx 2-lipped: upper lip entire: lower lip 3-lobed.

FABACEAE. 93

Corolla red, purple, green, or yellowish: standard much shorter than the other
petals, the blade longer than broad: blades of the wings auricled on one side:
keel -petals scythe-sshaped. Pod turgid.

1. M. Deeringiana (Bort.) Small. Leaflets 7-lG em. long; blades sparingly
pubescent, those of the lateral ones very oblicjuoly ovate, that of the terminal
one rhombic or ovate-rhombic: lower calyx-lobes triangular or triangular-
lanceolate: standard 23-26 mm. long, the blade ovate; wings broadened at the
apex ; keel-petals narrowed at the bent apex : pods .5-9 cm. long, coarsely
pubescent. [Stisolobium Decringianum Bort.] — Pinelands and hammocks.
Nat. of the tropics. — Velvet-bean. Florida-beax.

20. GALACTIA P. Br. Vines, or erect partially woody plants. Leaflets
3, or rarely 1, 5, or 7. Panicles raceme-like. Calyx 2-lipped, the lobes relatively
long. Corolla violet red, or white: standard erect or spreading: wings and
keel-petals with relatively short claws. Pod turgid, elongate. — Milk-pea.

Standard not striped : upper calyx-lobe triangular to lanceolate.

Stem and branches reclining or prostrate. 1. O. floridana.

Stem and branches twining.

Calyx 5-8 mm. long during anthesis.

Leaflets of the upper leaves with ovate, oval or oblong-
ovate blades : standard mostly less than 11 mm. long 2. O.voliMlis.
Leaflets of the upper leaves with linear blades :

standard mostly over 11 mm. long. 3. G. pa rvi folia.

Calyx 11-15 mm. long during anthesis. 4. G. pinetortim.

Standard striped : upper calyx-lobe broadly ovate. 5. G. spiciformis.

1. G. floridana T. & G. Stems hoary-pubescent: leaflets 1.5-4.5 cm. long;
blades oval or oblong-oval: flowers scattered nearly the length of the rachis:
calyx 7-8 mm. long; lateral lobes acuminate: keel-petals 10-11 mm. long: pods
4-5 cm. long. — Pinelands. — F. K.

2. G. volubilis (L.) Britton. Stems finely retrorse-hirsute : leaflets 2-5 cm.
long; blades ovate-oblong or lanceolate-oblong: calyx 5-6 mm. long; lobes
ciliate: keel-petals 9-11 mm. long: pods 3-5 mm. long. — Pinelands.

3. G. parvifolia A. Rich. Stems minutely pubescent: leaflets mostly 1-4 cm.
long ; blades various, linear, varying to Isroadest above or below the middle,
or those of the lower leaves broader, varying from ovate or oval to obovate, all
thin or thinnish, usually faintly veined: calyx 5-8 mm. long: keel-petals 6.5-8
mm. long: pods 3.5-4.5 mm. long. — Pinelands. — F. K. (Cuba.)

4. G. pinetorum Small. Stems finely pubescent: leaflets 1.5-5 cm. long; blades
typically linear-lanceolate or linear, or rarely broader: calyx 13-16 mm. long:
standard 15-20 mm. long: pods 4.5-6 cm. long. — Pinelands.

5. G. spiciformis T. & G. Stems retrorse-pubescent : leaflets 2.5-8 cm. long;
blades oblong, oblong-oval, or elliptic: calyx 5-6 mm. long: standard 9-10
mm. long; blade auricled at the base: keel-petals 8-9 mm. long: pods 4-5 cm.
long. — Hammocks and pinelands. — F. K. (Bah., Cuba.)

21. BRADBUHYA Eaf. Vines. Leaflets 3, or 5 or 7. Racemes few-
flowered. Calyx 2-lipped, the upper lip shorter than the lobes of the lower lip,
which are much longer than the tube. Corolla pink, blue, violet, or white:
blade of the standard suborbicular or reniform: wings and keel-petals with
short claws, the blades of the latter strongly curved, narrower than those of
the former, and with a prominent auricle at the base. Pod elongate, long-
beaked, its margins thickened.

1. B. virginiana (L.) Kuntze. Leaflets 3-11 cm. long; blades linear, often
narrowly so and elongate, to ovate, with distinct scalloped marginal veins: upper

94 FABACEAE.

calyx-lobes nearly as long as the lower ones, like the lateral ones of the lower
lip, setaceous-subulate: blade of the standard 21-25 mm. wide: seeds less than
3 mm. long. — Pinelands. — F. K. (Bah., Cuba, Aiit.) — Butterfly-pea.

22. CLITORIA L. Vines or diffuse plants. Leaflets 3 or several.
Eacemes or panicles 1-several-flowered. Calyx 2-lipped, the lobes of the upper
lip scarcely united, resembling the lateral lobes of the lower lip, but often
shorter. Corolla blue, purple, red, or white : standard erect, the blade obovate :
blades of the wings and the keel-petals long-clawed, those of the former not
aurieled, those of the latter curved. Style curved, pubescent. Pod narrow,
somewhat flattened. — Butterfly-pea.

1. C. Tematea L. Stem and branches high-twining: leaflets 5-7 cm. long;
blades ovate, oval, or orbicular: calyx 16-19 mm. long; lobes of the upper lip
acute: standard 40-50 mm. long; blades of the keel-petals longer than the
claws: pods 8-11 cm. long. — Pinelands. Nat. of E. Indies. — {Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

23. GLYCINE L. Tines with tubers. Leaflets 3-9. Panicles many-
flowered, dense. Calyx 2-lipped, the upper lip broad, often 2-lobed, the lower
lip 3-lobed. Corolla red, purple, or chocolate-colored: standard reflexed, the
blade often broader than long: blades of the wings and keel-petals short-
clawed, the former aurieled at the base, those of the latter spiral. Style spiral.
Pod turgid. [Apios Moench.]

1. G. Apios L. Kootstocks bearing numerous short tubers 1-2 cm. thick:
leaflets 5-7, or rarely 3; blades ovate to lanceolate, 3-10 cm. long: calyx -^5
mm. long: standard 9-13 mm. long: pods 6-12 cm. long. — Everglades. —
Groundnut.

24. PHASEOLUS [Tourn.] L. Vines or diffuse plants. Leaflets 3 or
rarely 1. Eacemes or panicles simple or branched. Calyx short and very
broad, 2-lipped, the upper lip entire or broadly 2-lobed, the lower lip 3-lobed.
Corolla variously colored: blades of the wings much smaller than that of the
standard, short-clawed : blades of the keel-petals not dilated at the base, short-
clawed. Style curved. Seeds with rounded ends.

Perennial native plant : calyx with minute subtending bractlets : wings aurieled at
the base of the blade: ovarv glabrous: free fllament with a lanceolati' base.

1. P. sinuatus.

Annual naturalized plant : calyx with large subtending bractlets :
wings angled at the base of the blade : ovary pubescent : free
filament with a lobed base. -■ P- vulgaris.

1. P. sinuatus Nutt. Leaflets 2-4 cm. long; blades deltoid-ovate in outline,
3-lobed: upper calyx-lobes rounded: standard 8-9 mm. long: wings 12-15 mm.
long: pods 3.5-4 cm. long. — Hammocks and adjacent pinelands. — Wild-bean.

2. P. vulgaris L. Leaflets 5-12 cm. long; blades broadly ovate or that of the
terminal one rhombic-ovate or orbicular-ovate, mostly acuminate: panicles
duster-like, few-flowered: middle lobe of the lower calyx-lip triangular-
lanceolate: standard white to purple; blade 12-16 mm. wide: wings 14-17
mm. long: pods linear, straight or slightly curved. — Pinelands and hammocks.
Nat. of Eu. — (J«f.)— String-bean. Pole-bean, Kidney-bean.

25. STROPHOSTYLES Ell. Vines or trailing plants. Leaflets 3.
Eacemes or panicles cluster-like. Calyx similar to that of Phascolus, but
the lower lip with a larger middle loVje. Corolla mainly pink-purple or white:
blades of the keel-petals widely dilated at the base. Style spiral. Seeds with
truncate ends.

FABACEAE. 95

1. S. umtoellatus (Muhl.) Brittou. Stems trailing: leaflets l~i cm. long;
blades ohloiig-lanceolate, varying to ovate or lanceolate: corolla pink or pale-
purple, often fading yellowish ; blade of the standard reniform, 1-2 cm. broad :
pods 2.5-5 cm. long. — Pinelands. — Wild-beax.

26. VIGNA Savi. Vines. Leaflets 3. Kacemes or panicles cluster-like.
Calyx slightly 2-lipped, the upper lip broad, shorter than the lower lip, the
middle lobe of the lower lip slightly larger than the lateral ones. Corolla
yellow or purple: blades of the wings and the keel-petals very broad, those of
the latter with an angular or reflexed auricle at the base. Pod narrow.

1. V. repens (L.) Kuntze. Plants pubescent: leaflets 2-8 em. long; blades
ovate to lanceolate or linear: calyx 7-9 mm. long; lobes acute: corolla yellow;
standard-blade 18-23 mm. wide; keel 16-19 mm. long, nearly as long as the
wings: pods 4—6 cm. long. — Everglades, pinelands and hammocks. — F. K.
(Ber., Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

27. DOLICHOS L. Herbs resembling Phaseolus, and with a similar
calyx. Corolla with a prominently appendaged standard, very broad wings
and narrow keel-petals which are bent at right-angles, but not coiled. Pods
linear to scimitar-shaped.

1. D. Lablab L. Leaflets 5-13 cm. long; blades broadly ovate, or that of the
terminal one ovate-reniform, acute or short-acuminate: bracts ribbed: calyx
9-11 mm. long; lobes of the lower lip lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate: corolla
purple, violet or white; blade of the standard 16-21 mm. wide; wings 17-21
mm. long: pods oblong, 6-8 cm. long, toothed-margined: seeds 10-13 mm.
long, each with a white scar. — Hammocks and pinelands. Nat. of the E. Indies.
F. K. (Bah., Cuba, Ant.) — Hyacinth-bean. Black-bean. Egyptian-bean.

28. CANAVALI Adans. Vines. Leaflets 3. Eacemes or panicles mostly
erect. Calyx prominently 2-lipped, the upper lip very broad: longer than the
lower lip, the 2 lobes broadly rounded, the lower lip with 3 small lobes.
Corolla variously colored or white, often conspicuous: blades of the wings and
keel-petals narrow, those of the latter with a prominent upcurved auricle at
the base. Pod broad.

1. C. llneata (Thunb.) DC. Leaflets 4-10 cm. long; blades leathery, sub-
orbicular to oval or obovate: calyx sparingly pubescent; lower lobes obtuse:
corolla pink or rose-purple: pods 10-12 cm. long. [C. obtusifolia (Lam.)
DC] — Coastal sand-dunes and shores of Bay Biscayne. — F. K. (Ber., Bah.,
Cuba, Ant.)

29. VICIA [Tourn.] L. Trailing or climbing herbs. Leaflets few or
many: blades entire, or toothed at the apex. Racemes few-many-flowered,
usually 1-sided. Calyx more or less 2-lipped: lobes of the lower lip usually
longer than those of the upper. Corolla variously colored or white: blades of
the wings more prominently auricled than those of the keel-petals. Filaments
united to near the tips. Style with a tuft of hairs at the apex, or pubescent
on the side opposite the keel. Pods relatively flat.

1. V. acutifolia Ell. Leaflets 2-6, usually 4; blades linear to linear-oblong,
acute or mucronate: calyx-lobes triangular, the lower one longer than the
lateral ones: standard 8-9 mm. long: keel about 6 mm. long: pods 2.8-3 cm.
long. — Everglades. — Vetch.

96 LINACEAE.

Order GERANIALES.

Herbs, shrubs, or trees. Leaves alternate or opposite: blades simple

or compound. Flowers perfect, monoecious, or dioecious, mostly regular.

Calyx of distinct sepals. Corolla of distinct or nearly distinct petals, or

rarely wanting. Androecium of as many stamens as there are sepals or

twice as many, or rarely more. Gynoecium of 2 or several united carpels.

Ovaiy superior. Fruit various.

Plants destitute of secreting glands or cells in the tissues.
Sepals wittiout dorsal glands.

Leaves simple : stamens 5. Fam. 1. Lixaceae.

Leaves compound: stamens 10-15. Fam. 2. Oxamdaceae.

Sepals bearing 1 or 2 dorsal glands. Fam. 3. Malpighiaceae.

Plants with secreting glands, these often in the leaves, or
only in the bark.
Filaments distinct, nearly or quite to the base.

Leaf-blades punctate by oil-glands. Fam. 4. Rutaceae.

Leaf-blades not punctate.

PTynoecium of distinct carpels, Fam. 5. Surianaceae.

Gynoecium of more or less united carpels.

Bitter-barked shrubs or trees with oil-sacs in

the bark. Fam. 6. Simarocb.4.ceab.

Resiniferous shrubs or trees. Fam. 7. Burser.\ce.\e.

Filaments united into a cup or tube, wholly or in part. Fam. 8. Meliaceae.

Family 1. LINACEAE. Flax Family.

Herbs or woody plants. Leaves alternate or opposite : blades simple.
Flowers perfect, regular. Calyx of 4-6 deciduous or persistent sepals.
Corolla of 4-6 ephemeral petals. Receptacle glandular. Androecium of 4-6
stamens, often with staminodia : filaments united at the base. Gynoecium
of 2-5 partially united carpels, the styles wholly or partially distinct.
Fruit capsular.

1. CATHARTOLINUM Eeichenb. Herbs. Leaves alternate or occasionally
opposite, sometimes vi'ith stipular glands. Sepals 5, the inner ones at least with
gland-tipped teeth. Petals yellow, sometimes pubescent within near the base.
Androecium of 5 stamens, generally without staminodia. Styles 5, distinct or
united. Capsule 5-eelled, or completely or incompletely 10-celled by false parti-
tions.^Fr.AX. Yellow-flax.

Styles distinct : corolla less than 1 cm. wide : capsules spheroidal.

Staminodia wanting: stipular glands wanting. 1. C.CurlissH.

Staminoidia present, tooth-like : stipular glands present. 2. O. arenicola.

Styles united : corolla over 2 cm. wide : capsule ovoid. 3. C. Carteri.

1. C. Curtissii Small. Stems 2-6.5 dm. tall, corymbose above: leaves mainly
alternate, ascending or erect; blades oblong-spatulate to oblanceolate or linear
above, 0.. 5-1.5 cm. long: outer sepals ovate, 2-2.5 mm. long: capsules sphe-
roidal, 2.5 mm. broad. — Everglades and low pinelands. — (Bah.)

2. C. arenicola Small. Stems 2-7 dm. tall, corymbose above: leaves alternate,
erect or ascending; blades subulate or subiilate-acicular, mostly less than 1
cm. long: outer sepals broadly oblong to oblong-ovate, 2.5-3 mm. long: cap-
sules spheroidal, about 2 mm. broad. — Low pinelands. — F. K.

3. C. Carteri Small. Stems 1-3 dm. tall: leaf -blades narrowly linear to linear-
subulate, mostly 1-2.5 cm. long: outer sepals lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate,
4.5-5 mm. long: capsules aVjout 4 mm. long. — Pinelands.

EUTACEAE. 97

, Family 2. OXALIDACEAE. Wood-sorrel Family.

Herbs or rarely sln-ul)s, the sap simr. Leaves mostly alternate: blades
3-severaI-foIioIate or l-t'oliolate, the leallets commonly notched at the apex.
Flowers })erfeet, essentially rej^nlar, ejTnose. Calyx of 5 persistent sepals.
Corolla of 5 white or colored petals. Androecium of 10-15 uneqnal
stamens : filaments partially united. Gynoecium of 5 partially united
carpels: styles distinct. Fruit a loculicidal capsule, or rarely baccate,

1. XANTHOXALIS Small. Herbs. Leaf -blades palmately 3-foliolate:
leaflets iioti'heil at the apex. Flowers in umbel-like or diehotomous cymes.
Sepals '), not tubercle-bearing. Petals broadened upward. Filaments usually
unappendagcd. Capsule elongate, erect.

1. X. comiculata (L.) Small. Stem and branches 5-40 cm. long, with spread-
ing hairs: leaflets deep-green; blades 5—12 mm. broad, or larger, eiliate: sepals
3-4 mm. long: petals 7-10 nun. long. — Hammocks and pinclands. F. K.
(Ber., Bah., Cuha, ^?!f.)— Sour-grass. Yellow wood-sorrel.

Family 3. MALPIGHIACEAE. Malpighia Family.

Shi'ubs or trees, or partially woody herbs or vines. Leaves opposite:
blades simple. Flowers usually perfect, sometimes eleistogamous. Calyx
of 5, often gland-bearino", sepals. Corolla of 5 usually clawed petals, or
wanting. Androecium of 5-10 perfect or partially sterile stamens. Gynoe-
cium of 2-4, usually 3, distinct or imited carpels. Fruit drupaceous,
capsular, or nut-like.

1. BYBSONIMA L. C. Eich. Shrubs or trees. Flowers in terminal
racemes or panicles. Petals white, reddish, or purplish, reflexed. Stigmas
acute. Carpels permanently united.

1. B. lucida (Sw.) DC. Evergreen shrub, 3-18 dm. tall, or a small tree: leaf-
blades spatulate to obovate-spatulate, 2-4 cm. long, lustrous above: racemes
2-4 cm. long: petals white, turning yellow or rose, 7 mm. long, the blades
reniform : drupes 9-12 mm. in diameter or rarely smaller. — Hammocks and
low pinelands. — F. K. {Bah., Cuba, Ant.) — Locustberry.

Family 4. RUTACEAE. Rue Family.

Shrubs or trees, or rarely herbs, often prickle-anued, and with
glandular-punctate tissues. Leaves alternate or opposite : blades simple
or pinnately compound, sometimes 1-foliolate. Flowers perfect or poly-
gamous, mostly regular. Calyx of 3-5, or rarely more, sepals, or wanting.
Corolla of 3-5, or rarely more, petals. Androecium of as many stamens
as there are sepals or petals or rarely twice as many. Gynoecium of 2-5
distinct or united carpels. Fruit capsular, samaroid, drupaceous, or
baccate.

Fruit dry, capsular. 1. Zantiioxyluji.
Fruit pulpy, drupaceous or baccate.

Stanipus S: fruit a drupe: leaf-blades fours) ."> or .">-foliolate. 2. Amtris.

Stamens 20-00 : fruit a berry : leaf-blades 1-foliolate. 3. Citrus.

1. ZANTHOXYLUM [Catesby] L. Shrubs or trees. Leaf- blades pin-
nate, sometimes 1-foliolate. Flowers polygamous, in short, axillary spikes,
or terminal corymb-like panicles or cymes. Sepals present or wanting. Petals
3-5, mostly erect. IMature carpels solitary, or 2-5 together. [Fagara L.]

Flora of Miami 7

98 RUTACEAE.

Flowers in short, axillary spikes : sepals, and petals, 4 : seeds usually less than 3 mm.

wide. 1. Z. Fagara.

Flowers in terminal corymb-like panicles or cymes : sepals,
and petals. 3 or o : seeds over 3 mm. wide.
Sepals, and petals, 3 : leaf-blades equally pinnate. 2. Z. coriaceum.

Sepals, and petals, 5 : leaf-blades unequally pinnate. 3. Z. Clava-Herculis.

1. Z. Fagara (L.) Sarg. Shrub, or tree sometimes 10 m. tall, the trunk
slender, often reclining: leaves 2.5-11 cm. long, the rachis winged; blades of
the lateral leaflets mostly obovate to oval, 1-2.5 cm. long, shallowly crenate:
petals 1.5-2 mm. long, or larger: mature carpels subglobose, 3.5-4 mm. long:
seeds 2-2.5 mm. wide. — Hammocks — F. K. {Bah., Cuba, Ant.) — Wild-lime.

2. Z. coriaceum A. Eich. Shrub, or tree becoming 7 m. tall: leaves 6-15 cm.
long; blades of the leaflets leathery, rigid, obovate to cuneate or oblong with
acuminate base, 2-6 cm. long; petals 2-3 mm. long; mature carpels 5-6 mm.
long; seeds about 3.5 mm. wide. — Hammocks. — F. K. (Bah., Cuia, Ajit.) —
Hercules '-CLUB.

3. Z. Clava-Herculis L. Shrub, or tree sometimes 17 m. tall, the prickles
raised on corky bases: leaves 1-3 dm. long; blades of the lateral leaflets ovate,
4-5 cm. long, appressed-serrate: petals 3-3.5 mm. long: mature carpels mostly
2-5 together, 4-6 mm. long: seeds 4-5 mm. wide. — Hammocks. — Prickly-ash.
Toothache-tree.

2. AMYRIS [P. Br.] L. Shrubs or trees. Leaf -blades pinnate, often
1-foliolate, the petiole wingless. Flowers perfect or polygamous, paniculate.
Sepals 4 or 5. Petals 4 or 5, very small. Ovary 1-eelled. Drupe with a single
seed.

Drupe globose or nearly so: ovary glabrous: inflorescence-branches glabrous or
puberulent. " 1- A. elemifcra.

Drupe of an obovoid type ; ovary pubescent : inflorescence-
branches hispidulous. 2. A. balsamifera.

1. A. elemifera L. Shrub, or tree becoming 17 m. tall; leaflets 3 or 5; blades
ovate to rhombic-ovate, 2-8 cm. long: petals 2.5-3.5 mm. long: drupes 4-8 mm.
long, black beneath the bloom. — Hammocks. — F. K. (Bah., Cuba, Ant.) —

TORCHTVOOD.

2. A. balsamifera L. Shrub, or small tree sometimes 10 m. tall; leaflets 3-5;
blades ovate, sometimes narrowly so, to rhombic-ovate, 5-13 cm. long, dull
beneath: drupes obovoid-oblong to obovoid, 6-14 mm. long. — Hammocks. —
(Cuba, Ant.)

3. CITRUS L. Shrubs or trees. Leaf -blades 1-foliolate, the petiole often

winged. Flowers perfect, axillary. Sepals united. Petals 5, or 4-8, mostly

wax-like. Ovary several-celled. Berry several-seeded. The following species,

apparently natives of Asia, are widely cultivated, and naturalized.

Berrv of a globose or spheroidal type, not mamillate at the apex.

Wings of the petioles usually broad : pulp of the berry bitter and sour.

1. C. viilgaHs.
Wings of the petioles usually narrow : pulp of the berry sweet

or sour. 2. C. Atirantiutn.

Berry of an elongate type, commonly mamillate at the apex.

Berry relatively small, with a relatively thin rind : the pulp
" well developed, with abundant .iuice. and very acid.
Corolla 2-2.5 cm. wide : leaflets with a rounded apex. 3. C. Lima.

Corolla 3-5 em. wide: leaflets with an acute apex. 4. C. Limnnum.

Berry relatively large, with a thick rind, the pulp only slightly

developed, with little juice, and not very acid. 5. C. Uledica.

1. C. vulgaris Risso. Small tree with sharp thorns: leaflets ovate to oblong,
6-12 cm. long, often acuminate, the petioles usually broadly winged: flowers in
small cymes; sepals often obtusish; berries dark-orange or reddish, the rind

SIMAROUBACEAE. 99

thick, the pulp sour ami bitter. — Hammocks. — (Ber., Cuba, Ant.) — Bitter-
sweet ORANGE.

2. C. Aurantium t. Small tree with short sharp thorns: leaflets oval, oblong-
ovate, or ovate, 6.5-13 cm. long, often acute or rounded, the petioles usually
narrowly winged: flowers in axillary clusters: sepals often acute: berries
mostly yellow, the rind usually thin, the pulp sour or sweet. — Hammocks.
{Ber., Cuba, Ant.) — Sweet-okaxge.

3. C. Lima Lunan. Small tree or straggling shrub, with numerous sharp
thorns: leaflets oval to oblong-elliptic, 6.5-9 cm. long, commonly rounded at the
apex, crenulate : petioles narrowly winged : flowers in clusters of 3-10 : petals
white without and within : berries small, mostly less than 6 cm. long, the rind
very thin, the pulp greenish. — Hammocks. — (Cuba, Ant.) — Lime.

4. C. Limonum (L.) Eisso. Small tree or spreading shrub, less thorny than
C. Lima; leaflets oblong-elliptic or ovate-oval, .5-11 cm. long, commonly acute
or acuminate at the apex, crenate : petioles broadly winged : flowers solitary or
2 together: petals purplish without, white within: berries large, mostly over
6 cm. long, the rind relatively thin, the pulp yellowish. — Hammocks. — {Ber.,
Cuba, Ant.) — Lemox.

5. C. Medica L. Small tree or shrub, sometimes with stout thorns: leaflets
oblong to elliptic, or slightly broadened upward, 12-20 cm. long, rounded and
often emarginate at the apex, serrulate-crenate, dull-green: flowers in clusters
of 3-10 : petals purple-tinged without, white within : berries oblong or oval,
usually very large, mostly 12-20 cm. long, often coarsely wrinkled, the rind.
very thick. — Hammocks. — {Ant.) — Citrox.

Family 5. SURIANACEAE. Bay-cedar Family.

Shiaibs or trees of coastal sands. Leaves alternate: blades entire-
Flowers perfect, solitary" or few in teiininal clusters. Calyx of 5 persistent
sepals. Corolla of 5 clawed petals. Androecium of 10 stamens, those
opposite the petals more or less reduced. Gynoecium of 5 distinct cari^els
oi^posite the petals. OM.ales 2, side by side. Fruit achene-like.

1. SURIANA [Plum.] L. Shrubs with erect stems, or trees with wide-
spreading branches, the bark flaky. Leaves numerous, fleshy. Fruits seated
in the persistent calyx.

1. S. maritima L. Shrub, or tree 8 dm. tall, the wood very hard and heavy:
leaves fleshy, appressed-pubescent, approximate ; blades linear-spatulate, 1.5-4
cm. long: sepals ovate, 6-8 mm. long: petals yellow, about as long as the
sepals: mature carpels 4-4.5 mm. long. — Coastal sand-dunes. — F. K. {Ber.,
Bah., Cuba, Ant.) — Bat-cedar.

Family 6. SIMAROUBACEAE. Quassia Family.

Shrubs, trees, or rarely herbs. Leaves alternate or rarely opposite :
blades pinnately compound, 1-3-foliolate or rarely simple. Flowers polyg-
amous, dioecious, or rarely perfect, solitaiy, spicate, racemose, or panicu-
late. Calyx of 3-5 sepals. Corolla 3-5 petals, or wanting. Androecium
of as many stamens as there are sepals or twice as many, or rarely vei-y
many. Gynoecium of 2-5 more or less united carpels. Ovary usualh'
lobed. Stigmas mostly introrse. Fruit a dinipe or a samara, or baccate
or eapsulax'.

100 BUESEEACEAE.

Fruit drupaceous : flowering panicles erect.

Carpels becoming distinct, forming simple, drupes : leaf-blades equally pinnate.

1. SiMAROUBA.

Carpels permanently united, forming a berry : leaf-blades un-
equally pinnate. " 2. 1>icu.\mnia.
Fruit samaroid : flowering racemes drooping. 3. Alvakadoa.

1. SIMAKOUBA Aubl. Trees. Leaf-blades abruptly pinnate, the leaflets
thick. Flowers monoecious or dioecious, paniculate. Sepals 4 or 5, short.
Petals 4 or 5, much larger than the sepals, imbricate. Stamens 8 or 10, each
with a fringed appendage at the base. Ovary 4-5-celled, scarcely lobed at the
apex: style very short. Fruit a cluster of 5, or fewer, drupes, with the style-
base lateral.

1. S. glauca DC. Tree sometimes 16 dm. tall: leaflets 6-12; blades oblong or
nearly so, 4-8 cm. long, entire: drupes oval, about 2 cm. long, scarlet or dark-
purple. — Hammocks. — F. K. {Bah., Cuba, Ant.) — Paradise-tree. Bitter-
wood.

2. PICRAMNIA Sw. Shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades unequally pinnate,
the leaflets thickish. Flowers dioecious, spicate or racemose. Sepals 3-5,
short. Petals 3-5, imbricate or wanting. Stamens 3-5, unappendaged. Ovary
2-3-celled, not lobed : style very short. Fruit a berry.

1. P. pentandra Sw. Shrub or small tree : leaflets 5-7 ; blades elliptic to
oblong-elliptic, or rarely ovate, 5-10 cm. long, lustrous above: berries oblong,
10-15 mm. long. — Hammocks.— F. K. (Bah., Cuba, Ant.) — Bitterbush.

3. ALVARADOA Liebm. Shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades unequally pin-
nate, the leaflets thinnish. Flowers dioecious, borne in spreading or drooping
racemes. Sepals 5, short. Petals wanting. Stamens 5, alternating with 5
staminodia. Ovary flattened or 3-angled, 2-3-celled, notched at the apex.
F^ruit capsular.

1. A. amorphoides Liebm. Shrub or small tree: leaves approximate at the
ends of the branches; leaflets numerous, the blades 1-2 cm. long, those of the
lateral leaflets mostly oblong or oval: flowers numerous, slender-pedicelled :
sepals ovate, about 1.5 mm. long: filaments pubescent: capsules oblong or
ovate-oblong, 12-14 mm. long, ciliate, notched. — Hammocks. — (Bah., Cuba.)

Family 7. BURSERACEAE. Torch-wood Family.

Trees -with a resinous sap. Leaves alternate: blades pinnate, rarely
1-3-foliolate. Flowers perfect or polygamo-dioecious, racemose or panicu-
late. Calyx of 3-6 sepals. Corolla of 3-0 petals. Androecium of 6-12
stamens. Gynoecinm of 2-5 united carpels. Fruit drupaceous, the epi-
carp sometimes valvate.

1. ELAPHRIUM Jacq. Trees. Leaves approximate at the ends of the
branches: leaflets thick. Sepals 4-6, imbricate. Petals 4-6, mostly valvate.
Stamens 8-12, erect. Ovary 3-5-celled. Drupe with a valvate epicarp.
[Bursera Jacq.]

1. E. Simaruba (L.) Eose. Tree, becoming 20 m. tall: leaflets 3-7; blades
oval or elliptic, varying to ovate or obovate, 3-5 cm. long, entire: racemes 5-10
cm. long: i^etals 2-2.5 mm. long: drupes oblong, 8-11 mm. long, or rarely
smaller, the epicarp 3-valved. [B. Simaruha (L.) Sarg.]— Hammocks.— F. K.
{Bah., Cuba, Ant.) — West Indian liiRCH. Gumbo-limbo. Gum Elemi.

POLYGALACEAE. 101

Family 8. MELIACEAE. jNIahogany Family.

Shrubs or trees, or pariially woody herbs. Leaves alternate: blades
pinnately 1-3-eompound. Flowers i>erfeet or polyganio-dioecious, panicu-
late. Calyx of 3-5 sepals. Corolla of 3-5 petals. Androeciura of 8-10,
or rarely fewer or more, stamens, with the filaments united into a tube.
Gynoecium of 3-5 united carpels. Ovary 3-5-celled. Fruit a berry, a
capsule, or a drupe.

1. SWIETENIA Jacq. Trees, with hard wood. Leaf-blades once equally
pinnate. Sepals '>. Petals 5. Staminal-tube short, the lobes entire. Stigma
discoid. Capsule woody.

1. S. Mahagoni .Jacq. Tree beeonung 25 m. tall: leaflets 4-8; blades leathery,
3-8 cm. long, entire: petals usually 3-4 mm. long: capsules ovoid, G-12 cm.
long, erect. — Hammocks. — F. K. (Bah., Cuba, Ant.) — Mahogany. M.vdeira-

REDTVOOD.

Order POLYGALALES.

Herbs, shrubs, or trees. Leaves alternate, opposite, or whorled, some-
times scale-like. Flowers perfect. Perianth mostly iiTegular, each whorl
of 5, or rarely 3 or 4 parts. Androecium of 6, 8, or 10 stamens, the fila-
ments often partially united. Anthers opening by terminal pores or
cracks. Gynoecium of 2 united carpels, or rarely of more. Fruit capsular.

Family 1. POLYGALACEAE. Milkwort Family.

Leaf-blades mostly entire. Flowers solitaiy, spicate, or racemose,
irreg-ular. Calyx of mostly 5 sepals, the 2 inner petaloid. Corolla of 5,
or often of 3, partially united petals, the lower one keel-like. Androecium
of 6-8 stamens, partially coherent with the petals. Anthers 1-eelled.
Capsule usually 2-seeded.

1. POLYGALA [Tourn.] L. Herbs or woody plants. Leaf -blades mostly

entire. Spikes or racemes lax or dense. Sepals 5, the 2 lateral ones (wings)

larger than the others. Petals 3, or rarely 5, the middle one (keel) commonly

lobed or crested at the apex. Stamens 8 or 6: filaments united into a tube or

into 2 sets. Style curved. Capsule flattened. Seed usually carunculate. —

Milkwort.

Keel without beak or crest.

Wings greenish or purple-tingefl : sep.nls over 2 mm. long. 1. P. gramliflora.

Wings purple : sepals less than 2 mm. long.

Wings shorter than the capsule : capsules deeply notched. 2. P. KriKjii.
Wings much longer than the capsule : capsules shallowly •

notched. 3. P. coralUcola.

Keel with a papillose or tufted beak.
Sepals not decurrent on the pedicels.
Wings obtuse.

Corolla and keel greatly elongate, about twice the

length of the wings. 4. P.incarnata.

Corolla and keel short, about as long as the wings or
shorter.
Leaves scale-like or obsolete : spikes short. .">. P. setacea.

Leaves conspicuous, numerous : spikes elongate. (>. p. fla(i(U">'is.

Wings acuminate. ". P. cruciata.

Sepals decurrent on the pedicel.

Racemes solitary at the ends of the stem and branches.
Wings acuminate : larger sepals over '1' the length of

the wings : flowers green. S. /'. arcuicola.

102 POLYGALACEAE.

Wings abruptly pointed : larger sepal less than % the

length of the wings : flowers yellow. 9. P. Ruoclii.

Racemes corymbose at the ends of the stem and branches.
Flowers white or greenish.

Wings acuminate : racemes short. 10. P. Daldicinii.

Wings cuspidate : racemes elongate. 11. P. Carteri.

Flowers yellow. 12. P. ramosa.

1. P. grandiflora Walt. Plants 2-5 dm. tall: blades of the upper leaves ellip-
tic, elliptic-laiu-eolate, or lanceolate, loosely ascending or spreading: flowers
greenish or sometimes purple-tinged: sepals 2.5-3 mm. long at maturity: wings
5-6 mm. long at maturity: capsules 4-4.5 mm. long. — Everglades and low
pinelands.

2. P. Krugii Chodat. Plants 3-4 dm. tall: blades of the lower leaves spatu-
late to linear-spatulate, those of the upper leaves narrowly elliptic to linear-
elliptic or narrowly linear-lanceolate: flowers purple, often pale: sepals about
1.5 mm. long: wings broadly obovate, 2.5-3 mm. long at maturity: capsules
about 3 mm. long. — Banks of the Miami river and coastal sand-dunes. {Bah.)

3. P. corallicola Small. Plants 2-4.5 dm. tall: blades of the upper leaves
linear, typically narrowly so, or filiform-linear: flowers purple: sepals 1-1.5 mm.
long at maturity: wings 3.5-4 mm. long at maturity: capsules 3-3.5 mm.
long. — Pinelands and adjacent .Everglades. — F. K. {Bah., Cuba.)

4. P. incamata L. Plants 2-7 dm. tall : leaf -blades linear-subulate to subulate :
flowers pink, purple, or white: sepals 2-2.5 mm. long, acute: wings lanceolate
to spatulate, 3-4 mm. long: keel 6-8 mm. long, the claw longer than the body:
lateral petals 5-7 mm. long: capsules ovoid, 3-4 mm. long. — Pinelands.

5. P. setacea Michx. Plants 1-5 dm. tall: leaf -blades mere subulate scales:
flowers pinkish or whitish: sepals 1-1.5 mm. long, the upper one much
broader than the lower ones: wings narrowly obovate, about 2 mm. long,
usually abruptly pointed : keel about 2 mm. long : lateral petals 1.5-2 mm, long :
capsules deltoid-ovoid, about 1.5 mm. long. — Pinelands.

6. P. flagellaris Small. Plants with decumbent branches 2-6 dm. long:
blades of the lower leaves spatulate or broadly spatulate, those of the upper
ones narrowly so, or linear-spatulate: flowers whitish or pale-green: sepals
2-2.5 mm. long: wings oval to obovate, 2.5-3 mm. long: keel 2.5-3 mm. long:
capsules oblong, about 2.5 mm, long. — Pinelands.

7. P. cruciata L. Plants 0.5-4 dm. tall: blades of the lower leaves spatulate
or obovate, those of the upper ones linear-spatulate to almost linear: flowers
purplish-rose or greenish, or purple: serials 1-1.5 mm. long: wings deltoid or
hastate-deltoid, 4.5-6 mm. long, caudate-acuminate: capsules obovate or
cuneate-obovate. — Everglades.

8. P. arenicola Small. Plants 0.2-0.5 dm. tall: leaf-blades oblanceolate to
linear-oblaneeolate: racemes green: upper sepal lanceolate: wings lanceolate,
gradually long-acuminate: cai:>sules about 2 mm. wide. — Pinelands.

9. P. Rugelii Shuttlw. Plants 3-7 dm. tall: leaf -blades various, those of the
lower leaves spatulate, those of the upper leaves oblanceolate to lanceolate:
racemes bright yellow: sepals about 2 mm. long: wings obovate to elliptic or
elliptic-lanceolate, 6-7 mm. long, abruptly pointed: capsules over 1.5 mm. wide.
— Everglades.

10. P. Baldwinii Xutt. Plants 2-G dm. tall: leaf-blades various, those of the
lower leaves spatulate to obovate, those of the up])er leaves narrowly spatulate
to lanceolate : racemes blunt, white : wings ovate-lanceolate to narrowly ovate,
acuminate: capsules less than 1 mm. long: seeds globular, about 0.5 mm. long.
— Pinelands.

12. P. ramosa Ell. Plants 1-5 dm. tall: leaf-blades various, those of the
lower leaves spatulate, those of the upper liuear-oldong to almost linear:

EUPHORBIACEAE. 103

racemes acute, greenish: wings oblong, sometimes broadly so, abruptly pointed:
capsules fully 1 mm. wide: seeds oval, about 1 mm. long. — Everglades and low
pinelands. — F. K.

12. P. ramosa Ell. Plants l-o dm. tall: leaf -blades various; those of the
lower leaves spatulate or obovate, those of the upjjer leaves oblaneeolate to
linear: racemes bright j-ellow: wings acuminate: keel about 2 mm. long:
capsules about 1 mm. wide: seeds pubescent, about 0.5 mm. long. — Everglades.

Order EUPHORBIALES.

Herbs, shrubs or trees. Leaves various, sometimes reduced to scales
or almost wanting. Flowei's mainly monoecious or dioecious, regular.
Calyx of several sepals. Corolla of several petals, or often wanting.
Androecium of more than one stamen, except when the staminate flowers
are scattered over the inside of an involucre. Filaments distinct or united.
Anthers opening by longitudinal or transverse valves. Gynoecium 2-
several-carpellary or l-carjjellary, superior. Styles or stigmas usually
distinct and cleft, or foliaceous. Ovules 1, 2 or 3 in each cavity. Fruit
capsular, sometimes achene-like.

Family 1. EUPHORBIACEAE. Spurge Family.

Plants often with a milky sap. Leaves opposite, whorled or alter-
nate: blades entire, toothed, or lobed. Flowers solitary or variously
clustered, or much reduced and borne in an involucre. Fniit usually de-
pressed or slightly elongate.

Flowers not in an involucre : calyx of several sepals.
Ovules and seeds 2 in each cavity.

Monoecious or rarely dioecious : ovary .S-celled : fruit capsular or baccate.
Androecium and gynoecium surrounded by a disk at the base.

Anthers opening horizontally: fruits capsular. 1. I'hyllanthcs.
Anthers opening vertically : fruits baccate. -. Cicca.

Androecium and gynoecium not surrounded by a

disk at the base. ?•. Breyxia.

Dioecious: ovary 1- or 2-celled : fruit drupaceous. 4. Drypetes.

Ovules and seeds solitary in each cavity.

Flowers either staminate or pistillate or both in more
or less elongated spikes or racemes (pistillate
basal).
Corolla present in either staminate or pistillate flow-
ers or in both (except in Croton punctatus).
Stamens 5-6 : filaments distinct. 5. Crotox.

Stamens 10 : filaments monadelphous.

Styles 2-cleft : petals distinct. 6. Ditaxis.

Styles several-cleft : petals united at the base. 7. Caperoxia.
Corolla wanting.

Styles 2-3 : ovary 2-3-celled.

Stamens numerous, 8-20, rarely few in some

flowers. 8. Ac.\lypha.

Stamens 1-5.

Pistillate flowers and capsules pedicelled.

Calyx manifest. 9. Tragia.

Calyx obsolete or rudimentary. 10. Gymxaxthes.

Pistillate flowers and capsules sessile. 11. Stillixgia.
Styles 6-8: ovary 6-8-celled. 12. TIippomaxe.

Flowers either staminate or pistillate, or both, in cymes
or short racemes.
Leaf-blades peltate. 13. Ricixt'S.

Leaf-blades not peltate.

Flowers in forking cymes.

Stamens 10 or more : petals wanting. 14. Cxidoscolus.

104 EUPHORBIACEAE.

Stamens 10 or fewer: petals present. 15. Jatkopha.

Flowers in simple or branched racemes. IG. Maxihot.

Flowers in involucres : calyx represented by a scale.

Involucre regular or nearly so, nearly or quite equilateral.
Glands of the involucres with petal-like appendages,
these sometimes much reduced.
Leaves all opposite. 17. Chamaesyce.

Leaves alternate or scattered at least below the

inflorescence. 18. Tithymalopsis.

Glands of the involucres without petal-like appendages,
entirely naked, sometimes with crescent-like horns.
Stem topped by an umbel : stipules none : involucres
in open cymes, each with 4 glands and entire or
toothed lobes. 19. Tithymalcs.

Stem not topped by an umbel : stipules gland-like :
involucres in cluster-like cymes, each with a
single gland or rarely 4 glands and fimbriate lobes. 2i>. Poinsettia.
Involucre irregular, very oblique. 21. Pedilaxthtjs.

1. PHYLLANTHUS L. Herbs or partially woody plants. Leaf-blades

entire. Flowers apetalous. Staminate flowers with 5 or 6 sepals and usually 3

stamens. Pistillate flowers with 5 or 6 sepals and a 3-celled ovary. Fruit

capsular.

Plants annual : mature pistillate calyx 2.5 mm. wide.

Leaf-blades cuneate to obovate : capsules about 1.5 mm. wide. 1. P. sa.ricola.
Leaf-blades oblong or nearly so : capsules about 2 mm. wide. 2. P. Niruri.

Plants perennial : mature pistillate calyx 3 mm. wide.

Leaf-blades oblong or nearly so : staminate calyx 2 mm. wide ;

sepals ovate to orbicular-ovate. ^>. P- Garhcri.

Leaf-blades cuneate : staminate calyx 1.5 mm. wide ; sepals

suborbicular. -i- P. pentaphyllus.

1. P. saxicola Small. Plants 0.5-3.5 dm. tall: leaf -blades cuneate to obovate,
abruptly narrowed at the base: staminate calyx 1.5 mm. wide; sepals subor-
bicular: mature pistillate calyx 2.5 mm. wide; sepals ovate to oblong-ovate:
capsules about 1.5 mm. wide. — Everglades and wet hammocks. — F. K. (Bah.)

2. P. Niruri L. Plants 1-3 dm. tall: leaf -blades thin, oblong or nearly so:
staminate calyx 1.5 mm. wide; sepals orbicular-ovate: mature pistillate calyx
2.5 mm. wide; sepals oblong: capsules about 2 mm. wide. — Pinelands and waste
places.— F. K. (Ber., Bah., Cula, Ant.)

3. P. Garberi Small. Plants 1-3 dm. tall: leaf -blades thickish oblong or
nearly so: staminate calyx 2 mm. wide; sepals ovate to orbicular-ovate:
mature pistillate calyx 3 mm. wide; sepals oblong to ovate: capsules 2.5-3 mm.
wide. — Coastal sand-dunes. — F. K.

4. P. pentaphyllus Wright. Plants 0.5-3.5 dm. tall: leaf -blades thinnish,
mainly short-cuneate: staminate calyx 1.5 mm. wide; sepals suborbicular:
mature pistillate calyx 3 mm. wide; sepals obovate to elliptic: capsules less
than 1.5 mm. wide. [P. radicans (Muell. Arg.) Small.] — Pinelands. F. K.
{Ciiba.)

2. CICCA L. Shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades entire. Flowers similar to
those of Phullanthiis, but with vertically opening anther-sacs. Fruit baccate.

1. C. disticha L. Shrub or small tree, the branchlets spreading or drooping,
glabrous: leaves various, those near the base of the branchlets with suborbicu-
lar to orbicular-ovate blades 1..5-3 cm. long, those above them with larger
ovate to oblong-lanceolate blades: larger sepals suborl)icular to orbicular-
obovate, 1.5-2 mm. long: berries depressed, 1.5-2 cm. broad. — Pinelands and
waste places. F. K. Nat. of the E. Indies, and cultivated. — {Bah., Cuba,
Ant.) — Otaiieite-gooseberry.

3. BREYNIA Forst. Shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades broad, entire. Flowers
solitary in the leaf-axils, or the staminate few together. Staminate flowers

EUPIIORBTACEAE. 105

•with a turbinate calyx-tube and 6 minute broad lobes surrounding the minute
orifice: stamens erect, the narrow anthers opening vertically. Pistillate flowers
with a short, broad calyx-tube and G very broad iniljricato lobes. Berry de-
pressed.

1. B. nivosa (W. J. Smith) Small. An irregiUarly and loosely branched shrub,
the branches dark-red: leaves somewhat distichously spreading; blades oval,
varying to ovate or obovate, green and white, variegated with red and pink:
staminate calyx about 3 mm. wide, the lobes very shallow: pistillate calyx
8-10 mm. wide, the lobes reniform: capsules 9-12 mm. broad. [FhijUanthus
nivosus W. J. Smith.] — Pinelands and waste places. Nat. of the South Sea
Islands, and cultivated. — (Cuba, Ant.) — Snow-bush.

4. DRYPETES Vahl. Shrubs and trees. Leaf-blades entire or sinuate.
Flowers apetalous. Staminate flowers in rather dense clusters, with 4-8
sepals and 4-10 stamens. Pistillate flowers few in a cluster, with 4-8 sepals
and a 1-2-cened ovary. Fruit a drupe.

1. D. lateriflora (Sw.) Krug & Trban. Shrub, or tree becoming Id m. tall:
leaf-blades ol)long or elliptic: sepals 4: stamens 4: drupes 9-11 mm. in diam-
eter.— Hammocks. — F. K. (Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

5. CROTON L. Herbs or shrubs. Leaf-blades entire, toothed, or lobed.

Flowers monoecious or rarely dioecious, usually spicate or racemose. Staminate

flowers with 4-6, usually 5, sepals, small often rudimentarj' petals alternating

with glands, and 6 stamens. Pistillate flowers with -5-10 sepals, usually no

petals, and a 3-celled ovary. Fruit a capsule.

Petals present in the staminate flowers, wanting or rudimentary in the pistillate.
Leaf-blades entire : pistillate calyx not accrescent.

Leaf-blades narrowlj- linear, glabrate above, yellow-pubescent beneath.

1. C linearis.
Leaf-blades narrowly oblong, stellate above, white-pubes-
cent beneath.
Leaf-blades toothed : pistillate calyx accrescent. 2. C. Ferrjusonii.

Seeds oblf)ng. minutely punctate, dull : leaf-blades crenate. 3. C. arenicola.
Seeds oval or ovoid, smooth and shining ; leaf-blades ser-
rate or crenate-serrate. 4. G.glandulosus.
Petals wanting in both the staminate and the pistillate flowers. 5. C. punctatus.

1. C. linearis Jacq. Shrub 6-20 dm. tall: leaf-blades narrowly linear, 4-8 cm,
long: staminate racemes 4-8 cm. long or longer; sepals triangular; petals
spatulate, surpassing the sepals, obtuse: stamens about 15: pistillate racemes
4-5 cm. long: capsules subglobose, 5 mm. high, yellowish floccose: seeds broadly
oblong, about 3 nun. long.^ — Pinelands and coastal sand-dunes. — F. K. (Bah.,
Cuba, Ant.)

2. C. Fergusonii Small. Shrub 4-12 dm. tall: leaf-blades narrowly oblong to
broadly linear, .3-6 cm. long: staminate racemes 3-5 cm. long; sepals deltoid,
acute; petals spatulate, 2.5-3 mm. long, surpassing the sepals, ciliate; stamens
about 15 : pistillate racemes 2-3 cm. long : capsules subglobose, about 5 nun.
long: seeds 3.5-4 mm, long. — Pinelands.

3. C. arenicola Small. Plant 1..5-4.5 dm. tall: leaf-blades ovate to oblong-
ovate, 1-3 cm. long, blunt, coarsely toothed : staminate sepals oblong or oval,
acute; petals oblong to oblanceolate : stamens 9-12: pistillate flowers solitary
or 2-3 below the staminate; sepals spatulate, accrescent: capsules globose-
oval, 4.5-5 nun. long: seeds 3-3.5 mm. long. — Pinelands and sand-dunes. — F. K.
— F. K.

4. C. glandulosus L. Plant 1 m. tall or less: leaf -blades oblong, varying to
oblong-()\ate nr olilong-laneeolate, mostly 2-6 cm. long, serrate or crenate-
serrate: staminate sepals ovate to deltoid, acute; petals oblong: stamens 6-11:

106 EUPHOEBIACEAE.

pistillate flowers clustered: sepals linear or nearly so, accrescent: capsules sub-
globose or oblong-globose, 4-5 mm. in diameter: seeds 3.5^ mm. long, mottled.
— Hammocks and cultivated grounds. — F. K. (Cuba, Ant.)

5. C. punctatus Jacq. Plants 5-12 dm. tall: leaf -blades elliptic, oblong, or
ovate, 1-5 cm. long, entire or merely undulate: pistillate sepals triangular,
nearly equal; stamens normally 12, barely exserted; filaments pubescent: pis-
tillate flowers solitary or 2 or 3 together; sepals oblong or cuneate, not
accrescent: capsules subglobose, 5-8 mm. long: seeds about 6 mm. long. —
Coastal sand-dunes. — F. K. (Ber., Cuia, Ant.)

6. DITAXIS Yahl. Shrubs or perennial herbs. Leaves alternate: blades
entire or rarely toothed. Flowers inconspicuously bracted. Staminate flowers
with 4 or 5 sepals, 4 or 5 petals, and 4 or 5 stamens or more. Pistillate flowers
with a perianth similar to that of the staminate, but with smaller or rudi-
mentary petals, and a 3-celled ovary.

1. D. Blodgettii (Torr.) Pax. Plants 1-6 dm. tall: leaf -blades oval, elliptic,
or oblong, or those of the lower leaves spatulate, 1.5-4 cm. long: staminate
calyx 7-JS mm. wide; sepals lanceolate; petals broadly oblong, shorter than the
sepals: mature pistillate sepals lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 5-6 mm. long:
capsules 4-5 mm. wide. — Pinelands. — F. K.

7. CAPERONIA St. Hil. Herbs or partly woody plants. Leaves alter-
nate: blades toothed. Flowers monoecious or rarely dioecious, in elongate
racemes. Staminate flowers approximate, with 5 unequal sepals, 5 petals, and
10 stamens. Pistillate flowers separated, with 5 sepals, 5 smaller petals than
in the staminate, and a 3-celled ovary.

1. C. castaneaefolia (L.) St. Hil. Plants 1 m. tall or less, with spreading or
decumbent branches: leaf -blades obovate, oblong, oval, oblong-lanceolate, or
ovate, mostly 2-6 cm. long, rather coarsely toothed: larger staminate sepals
about 2.5 mm. long: petals obovate, 3-3.5 mm. long: capsules depressed, 6-7
mm. wide: seeds globose, about 3" mm. in diameter. — Everglades. — (Cuba, Ant.)

8. ACALYPHA L. Herbs or shrubs. Leaf-blades entire or toothed.
Flowers conspicuously bracted. Staminate flowers with 4 sepals and 8-16
stamens. Pistillate flowers Avith 3-5 sepals and a 3-celled ovary.

1. A. chamaedrifolia (Lam.) Muell Arg. Stems or branches mostly prostrate,
5-30 cm. long: blades of the upper leaves ovate to oblong-lanceolate, 7-20 mm.
long, crenate-serrate: larger bracts 4-6 mm. long, toothed: capsules nearly 2
mm. in diameter. — Pinelands. — F. K. {Bah., Cuba, Ant.) — Three-seeded

MERCURY.

9. TRAGIA [Plum.] L. Herbs or shrubs. Leaf-blades entire, toothed

or lobed. Flowers on a slender rachis, racemose. Staminate flowers with 3-5

sepals and 1-3, or rarely more, stamens. Pistillate flowers with 3-8 entire or

pinnatifid sepals and a 3-celled ovary.

Leaf-blades broad, closely sharp-toothed : Inflorescence short. 1. T. saxicola.

Leaf-blades narrow, undulate or rarely with few remote teeth :

Inflorescence elongate. 2. T. Unearifolia.

1. T. saxicola Small. Plants 0.5-2 dm. tall: leaf -blades suborbicular to
broadly ovate, 1-2.5 cm. long, crenate-dentate, finely and sharply many-toothed :
staminate calyx 3-3.5 mm. wide; sepals linear to narrowly linear-lanceolate:
capsules 7-8 mm. wide, hirsute. — Pinelands. — F. K.

2. T. Unearifolia Ell. Plants 1-5 dm. tall: leaf-blades linear, 3-12 cm. long,
undulate: staminate calyx 3-3.5 mm. wide: mature pistillate calyx 5 mm.
wide; sepals ovate: cap.sules 7-8 mm. wide, strigillose. — Pinelands.

EUPHORBIACEAE. 107

10. GYMNANTHES S\v. Shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades entire or toothed.
Flowers on a stout radiis, sjncate. Staniinate flowers with a rudimentary or
obsolete calyx and 2 or 3 stamens. Pistillate flowers with a rudimentary calyx
and a 3-eelled ovary.

1. G. lucida Sw. Shrub, or tree becoming 10 m. tall: leaf -blades cuneate to
oblong-spatulate, or nearly oblong, 4-10 cm. long, undulate or obscurely toothed
near the apex : spikes shorter than the leaves : capsules depressed, about 1 cm.
wide. — Haninioeks. — F. K. (Bah., Cuba, Ant.) — Crabwood.

11. STILLINGIA Garden. Herbs or shrubs. Leaf-blades entire or
toothed. Flowers on a simple succulent rachis. Staminate flowers with 2 or 3
sepals and 2 or 3 stamens. Pistillate flowers with 3 sepals and a 2-3-celled
ovary. Fruit a capsule. — Queen 's-delight. Queex-koot.

Herbs : branches spreading.

Stem-leaves with linear blades. 1. 8. aitgvstifoUa.

Stem-leaves with spatulate or oblong-spatulate blades. 2. 8. spathuluta.

Shrub : branches virgate, erect. 3. 8. tenuis.

1. S. angustlfolia (Torr.) S. Wats. Stems 2.5-6 dm. tall: leaf -blades linear or
essentially so, 2-5 cm. long, crenulate-serrulate: spikes 2-4.5 cm. long: cap-
sules 5-6 mm. wide. — Pinelands. — F. K.

2. S. spathulata (Muell. Arg.) Small. Stems 3-7 dm. tall: leaf -blades spatu-
late to oblong-spatulate, or linear-spatulate on the branches, 7-15 cm. long,
crenulate : cajjsules 7-9 mm. wide. — Pinelands. — F. K.

3. S. tenuis Small. Plants 3-12 dm. tall, with slender virgate stems or
branches: blades of the upper leaves narrowly linear, crenulate: spikes mainly
red : capsules about 7 mm. wide. — Everglades.

12. HIPPOMANE L. Trees. Leaf-blades entire or toothed, pinnately
veined. Flowers on a simple rachis. Staminate flowers with 2 or 3 sepals and
2 or 3 stamens. Pistillate flowers with 3 sepals and a 6-8-eelled ovary. Fruit
a drupe.

1. H. Mancinella L. Tree becoming 18 m. tall: leaf -blades ovate, oblong, or
oval, 4-10 cm. long: spikes 4-8 cm. long: drupe spheroidal, 2.5-3.5 cm. broad.
— Hammocks. — F. K. (Bah., Cuba, A7it.) — Manchineel.

13. RICINUS [Tourn.] L. Herbs, shrubs, or trees. Leaf-blades peltate,
palmately lobed. Flowers on a branched rachis. Staminate flowers with 3-5
sepals and numerous stamens. Pistillate flowers with caducous sepals and a
3-ceIled ovary. Fruit a capsule.

1. R. communis L. Shrub 1-5 m. tall or small tree: leaf -blades nearly orbicu-
lar, 6-11 lobed, the lobes toothed: capsules 12-16 mm. in diameter. — Pinelands,
hammoi-ks and waste places. Nat. of the tropics, and cultivated. — F. K.
{Ber., Bah., Cuba, Ant.) — Castor-oil plant. Castok-beax. Palma-christl

14. CNIDOSCOLUS Pohl. Herbs or shrubs, often bristly-stinging. Leaf-
blades entire, lobed, or divided. Flowers in forked cymes. Staminate flowers
with a corolla-like 5-lobed calyx and 10-30 stamens. Pistillate flowers with a
usually 3-celled ovary.

1. C. stimulosus (Michx.) A. Gray. Plants 1-12 dm. tall: leaf -blades 8-30
cm. broad: staminate calyx with a cylindric tube, and lobes about equal in
length: capsule 10-16 cm. long, bristly. — Pinelands and coastal sand-dunes, —
F. K. — Spurge-xettle. Tre.ad-softly.

108

EUPHOEBIACEAE.

15. JATROPHA L. Herbs or partially woody plauts. Leaf-blades
angled or lobed. Flowers in forked ejTiies. Staminate flowers with 5 sepals,
5 small petals, and 10 stamens. Pistillate flowers with a 2-3-celled ovary.

1. J. multifida L. Perennial, 9-20 dm. tall: leaf -blades palmately 9-11-lobed,
mostly 10-20 cm. wide, the lobes narrow, entire or incised: cymules corymbose:
petals thrice as long as the sepals, scarlet: capsules globose-obovoid, 2.5-3 cm.
long, smooth. — Pinelands. Nat. of Trop. Am., and cultivated. — (Ant.)

16. MANIHOT Adans. Herbs or shrubs. Leaf -blades entire or palmately
lobed, or parted. Flowers in racemes. Staminate flowers with 5 sepals
and 10 stamens. Pistillate flowers often smaller than the staminate, with a
3-celled ovary.

1. M. Manihot (L.) Karst. Plants 9-16 dm. tall or more: leaf-blades 3-7-
parted: capsules with crenate-undulate wings. — Pinelands and cultivated
grounds. Nat. from S. Am., and cultivated. — F. K. (Ber., Bah., Cuba, A7it.)
— Cassava.

17. CHAMAESYCE S. F. Gray. Annual or perennial herbs or shrubs.
Leaves opposite: blades oblique at the base. Involucres axillary or in axillary
cymes, each with 4 naked or appendaged glands, one sinus being glandless.
Capsules smooth, sometimes pubescent. Seeds smooth or transverse-wrinkled.
— Spurge.

Leaf-blades entire.

Plants with prostrate stems and lu-anches.
Plants annual or biennial.

Seeds over 1..") mm. lung: capsule glabrous.
Seeds less than ].."> mm. long: capsule pubescent.
Stem and branches finely canescent.
Stem and branches hirsute or villous-hirsute.
Larger leaves with oblong or ovate blades.
Larger leaves with deltoid or reniform blades.
Plants perennial.
Plants with erect or ascending stems and branches.

Involucre l.,5-2 mm. long: seeds fully 1 mm. long:

stems succulent.
Involucre 1 mm. long: seeds less than 1 mm. long:
stems wiry.
Leaf-blades toothed.
Capsule glabrous.

Stem and branches prostrate.

Sfem and branches erect or ascending.

Leaf-blades linear or narrowly linear-lanceolate.
Leaf-blades broader.

Seeds red or brown : capsules with rounded lobes.
Seeds gray : capsules with sharp lobes.
Capsule pubescent.

Stem and branches erect or ascending.
Stem and branches prostrate.

Involucres axillary, sometimes approximate on lat-
eral branches : pineland plants.
Involiioro deeply spilt on on(> side.
Involucre not split on one side.

Glands of the involucre with inconspicuous

appendages.
Glands of the involucre with petal-like ap-
pend.'igps.
Involucres in peduncled clusters : hammock plants.
Plants erect or ascending : involucre glands long-
stalked.
Plants prostrate : involucre glands sliort-stalked.

I. ('. Iiinallxii.
2. C Garhcrl.

•S. C hrochiipnda.

4. C. pinrlontm.

5. C. (Icltoidra.

G. ('. hiixifolia.

7. C. Pnrtrriana.

8. C. BlodfjrttU.
0. C. hyssopifoUa.

10. C. In/pcricifoHa.

I I. r^ bra sinensis.

I'J. C. Traci/l.

\?,. C. prrf/aviDio.

14. 0. cniifrrta.
1 ."i. C (idcnnpirra.

1 0. <J. hirta.
\ 7. G. oemella.

1. C. Ingallsii Small. Leaf-blados oldong to ovate-oblong, fleshy: involucre
between 1 and 1.-^ mm. long: capsules depressed: seeds broailly ovoid or
globose-ovoi<l, less than 2 mm. long. — Coastal sand-dunes.

EUPIIORBIACEAE. 109

2. C. Garberi Smiill. Branches eancseent : leaf-blades ovate or oval: involucres
about 1.') mm. long; a])i)endaj;es minute, or obsolete: cajisules fully 1.5 mm.
broad, pubescent: seeds about 1 mm. long, reddish-brown. — Pinelands. — F. K.

3. C. brachypoda Small. Branches hirsute or villous-hirsute, with many short
internodes: leaf-blades oblong to ovate, hirsute: involucres fully 1 mm. long;
appendages much smaller than the red glands, or minute or obsolete: capsules
about 2 mm. witle, pubescent: seeds 1 mm. long, brown, obscurely angled. —
Pinelands.

4. C. pinetorum Small. Branches villous-hirsute often ascending near the tips:
leaf-blades reniform or deltoid to orbicular or ovate, conspicuously pubescent:
involucres fully 1 mm. long, pubosi-ent: glands green; appendages very narrow,
even-edged: capsules fully 2 mm. broad, pubescent: seeds 1 mm. long, trans-
versely wrinkled, yellowish. — I'iiielands.

5. C. deltoidea (Engelm.) Small. Branches nearly glabrous, closely appressed
to the ground: leaf-blades deltoid-ovate or reniform, usually minutely pubes-
cent: involucres less than 1 mm. long, glabrous: glands yellow; appendages
obsolete: capsules about 2 mm. broad, sparingly pubescent or sometimes gla-
brous: seeds less than 1 mm. long, even, yellowish. — Pinelands.

6. C. buxifolia (Lam.) Small. Branches glabrous: leaf -blades ovate to broadly
oblong, or those of the lower leaves cuneate: involucres 1.5-2 mm. long, gla-
brous: glaiul-appendages whitish, mere margins or sometimes larger than the
glands: capsules 2.5-3 mm. broad, glabrous: seeds 1-1.5 mm. long, obscurely
angled. — Coastal sand-dunes. — F. K. (Ber., Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

7. C. Porteriana Small. Branches glabrous or pubescent: leaf-blades ovate,
oval, olilong, or spatulate: involucres about 1 mm. long, glabrous: gland-
appendages reddish, fully as long as the glands, or sometimes narrower:
capsules about 2 mm. broad, glabrous: seeds about 1 mm. long, markedly
angled. — Pinelands.

8. C. Blodgettii (Engelm.) Small. Branches glabrous or nearly so: leaf-blades
oval, oblong, or spatulate: involucres about 1 mm. long, glabrous: gland-
appendages white or pinkish, commonly slightly larger than the glands: cap-
sules fully 1.5 mm. broad, glabrous: seeds about 1 mm. long. — Coastal sand-
dunes and low hammocks. — F. K. {Ber., Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

9. C. hyssopifolia (L.) Small. Branches glabrous: leaf-blades linear or nar-
rowly linear-lanceolate, sometimes falcate, pale-green or glaucous, shallowly
toothed: involucres 1-1.5 mm. long, glabrous: gland-appendages orbicular to
reniform, rather conspicuous: capsules about 2 mm. wide, glabrous: seeds red
or brown, fully 1 mm. long. — Edges of hammocks. — (Cuba.)

10. C. hypericifolia (L.) Small. Branches glabrous or nearly so, the ultimate
ones slender: leaf-blades mainly oblong, oblong-lanceolate, or ovate, unequally
serrate, usually nearly straight: involucres 1 mm. long or more: gland-
appendages obovate to reniform, rather conspicuous: capsules fully 2 mm.
wide, glabrous: seeds red or brown, about 1 mm. long. — Pinelands. — F. K.
(Ber., Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

11. C. brasiliensis (Lam.) Small. Branches glabrous, the ultimate ones fili-
form: leaf -blades resembling those of C. hypericifolia: involucres 1 mm. long
or less: gland-apipendages mostly obovate, rather inconspicuous: capsules
usually less than 2 mm. wide: seeds gray, about 1 mm. long. — Pinelands. —
F. K. (Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

12. C. Tracyi Small. Branches thinly canescent: leaf-blades oblong to slightly
broadest above the middle: involucres fully 1 mm. long, sparingly pubescent:
gland-appendages minute, unequal and uneven : capsules nearly 2 mm. broad,
slightly pubescent all over: seeds less than 1 mm. long. — Coastal sand-dunes
and pinelands. — F. K.

1 1 0 EUPHORBIACEAE.

13. C. pergemena Small. Brauclies glabrous: leaf -blades oblong or ovate:
involucres about 1.5 mm. long, minutely pubescent: gland-appendages white or
pink, conspicuous, larger than the glands, 1 or 2 of them much larger than the
others: capsules about 1.5 mm. broad, pubescent: seeds less than 1 mm. long. —
Pinelands.

14. C. conferta Small. Branches villous: leaf -blades oblong to ovate: invo-
lucres 1.5-2 mm. long, villous: gland-appendages red or magenta, 2 of them
petal-like, much larger than the others, toothed: capsules less than 1.5 mm.
broad, minutely pubescent: seeds less than 1 mm. long. — Pinelands.

15. C. adenoptera (Bertol.) Small. Branches closely villous: leaf-blades oblong
or ovate-oblong: involucres 1-1.5 mm. long, finely pubescent: gland-appendages
white or pink, petaloid, 2 of them much larger than the glands: capsules about
1.0 mm. broad, densely pubescent: seeds about 1 mm. long. — Pinelands. — F. K.

16. C. hirta (L.) Millsp. Branches closely pubescent: leaf -blades oblong to
oblong-lanceolate, or somewhat triangular, often prominently blotched: invo-
lucres mostly in axillary clusters, 1 mm. long or less, minutely pubescent:
gland-appendages obsolete or nearly so: capsules fully 1 mm. broad, finely
pubescent: seeds about 1 mm. long. [C. pilulifera (L.) Small.]- — Hammocks.
—F. K. (Ber., Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

17. C. gemella (Lag.) Small. Similar to C. hirta but smaller, and with more
closely prostrate branches: leaf -blades oblong to oblong-lanceolate, mostly
evenly green: involucres mostly in terminal clusters, about 1 mm. long, finely
pubescent: gland-appendages white, narrower than the glands: capsules fully
1 mm. broad, often closely pubescent: seeds less than 1 mm. long. [C. pilu-
lifera procumbens (Boiss.) Small.] — Hammocks. — F. K. {Ber., Bah., Cuba,
Ant.)

18. TITHYMAIiOPSIS Kl. & Garcke. Perennial herbs, often topped by
an imibel. Leaf-blades entire. Involucres scattered or somewhat clustered,
each with appendaged glands. Capsule smooth. Seeds punctate. — Spurge.

1, T. polyphylla (Engelm.) Small. Plants 0.5-2.5 dm. tall, the stems stout,
often tufted, copiously leafy: leaf -blades linear or linear-spatulate, 5-15 mm.
long: involucres 1.5-2 mm. long; gland-appendages white or pinkish, mostly
reniform, crenate: capsules 4-5 mm. broad: seeds about 2.5 mm. long, white. —
Pinelands.

19. TITHYMALUS Adans. Annual or perennial herbs or partially
woody plants, topped by an umbel. Leaf-blades entire or finely toothed.
Involucres in open or compact cymes, each w-ith 4 naked or merely horned
glands. Capsule smooth or tuberculate. Seeds pitted. — Spurge.

1. T. trichotomus (H. B. K.) Kl. & Garcke. Stems 1-4 dm. tall: leaf-blades
cuneate to oblong, 0.5-1.2 cm. long: bracts similar to the leaves: involucres 2
mm. long; glands obreniform: capsules about 4 mm. broad, minutely wrinkled:
seeds subglobose, fully 1.5 mm. in diameter. — Coastal sand-dunes. — F. K.
{Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

20. POINSETTIA Graham. Annual, biennial, or perennial herbs or
woody plants. Leaf-blades entire, toothed, or lobed, those of the upper ones
often like the bracts highly colored or discolored. Involucres solitary or
cymose, each with 1, or rarely 3 or 4, unappendaged glands. Capsule smooth.
Seeds tuberculate. — Spurge.

Leaves, at least tbose of the main stem, and the bracts, with hroad, toothed, pnn-
durate or pinnately lobpd hiadps, those of the branches often narrow: plants
pubescent : Invohieral glands mostly solitary.

SPONDIACEAE. Ill

Broad leaves with toothed blades. 1. P- hctcrophjiUa.

Broad leaves with pandurate or pinnately lohed blades. 2. P. cyathophora.
Leaves throughout tho plant with very narrowly linear entire

blades : plants glabrous : involucral glands mostly 3 or 4. 3. P. pinctorum.

1. P. heterophylla (L.) Small. Perennial, stems 3-12 dm. tall: leaf-blades
obovate, oblong, or ovate, or narrower, especially on the branches, 5-15 cm.
long: involucres canipanulate. mostly over 3 mm. long: capsules 3.5-4 mm.
long: seeds 3-3.5 mm. long, prominently tuberculate. — Hammocks. F. K.
(Ber., Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

2. P. cyathophora (Mnrr.) Small. Annual, stems l.o m. tall or less, pubes-
cent: leaf-blades oblong or oval, varying to obovate or ovate, or narrower
especially on the branches, 5-18 cm. long: involucres canipanulate, 3.5-4 mm.
long: capsules 4-4.5 mm. long: seeds 3-3.5 mm. long, tuberculate. — Hammocks.
— F. K. {Ber., Bah., Cuba, Ant.) — Painted-leaf.

3. P. pinetorum Small. Stems 3-10 dm. tall, glabrous: leaf-blades narrowly
elongate-linear, 4-15 cm. long: involucres turbinate, mostly less than 3 mm.
long: capsules 2.5-3 mm. long: seeds 2-2.5 mm. long, slightly tuberculate.
[P. havanensis Small. Not Euphorbia havanensis Willd.] — Pinelands. — F. K,
{Cuba.)

21. PEDILANTHUS Neck. Shrubs with fleshy branches. Leaves succu-
lent. Involucres borne in dichotomous, often contracted cymes, oblique and
strongly 2-lipped, the lower lip much larger than the upper. Capsule 3-lobed,
the carpels often keeled or horned.

1. P. tithymaloides (L.) Poit. Plants 3-16 dm. tall or more, the stem and
branches sometimes zigzag: leaves spreading; blades ovate to ovate-lanceolate,
4-11 cm. long: involucres 12-14 mm. long, red or reddish, the 2 terminal lobes
broadly ovate, ciliolate: stamens and style exserted: capsules 6-7 mm. long:
seeds 3-3.5 mm. long. — Hammocks. Nat. from the tropics, and cultivated. —
{Bah., Cuba, Ant.) — Kedbird-flower. .Jew-bush.

Order SAPINDALES.

Shrubs or trees. Leaves various: blades simple and entire or toothed,
or compound. Calyx of distmct sepals. Corolla of distinct petals, regu-
lar or rarely irregular, or wanting. Androecium of as many stamens as
there are petals, or of twice as many, or rarely of more or fewer. Fila-
ments distinct. Gynoecium of a single carpel, or of several united carpels.
Fruit various.

Plants with resin-bearing tissues. Fam. 1. Spoxdiaceae.

Plants not resin-hearing.

Leaf-blades simple, pinnately veined.

Each cavity of the ovary with a single ovule. Fam. 2. Aquifoliaceae.

Each cavity of the ovary with 2 or more ovules.

Disk present : corolla present. Fam. 3. Celastraceae.

Disk obsolete : corolla wanting. Fam. 4. Dodonaeaceae.

Leaf-blades simple and palmately veined or compound. Fam. 5. Sapindaceae.

Family 1. SPONDIACEAE. Sl'Mac Family.

Shrul)s, trees, or vines, with a milky, resinous, often acid or caustic
sap. Leaves alternate: blades simple or pinnately compound. Flowers
monoecious, dioecious, or polygamous. Calyx of 3-5 sepals. Corolla of
3-5 petals, larger than the calyx. Androecium of 3-6, or rarely more,
stamens. Gynoecium of 1, or of 3-5 more or less united, cai'pels. Fruit a
drupe or a beriy.

112 AQUIFOLIACEAE.

Leaf-blades simple: ovary on a swollen receptacle. 1. Maxgifera.
Leaf-blades compound: ovary not on a swollen receptacle.

Drupe somewhat elongate, the coats permanently united. 2. Metopiusi.
Drupe depressed, the coats ultimately separating.

Drupe with a glabrous outer coat : stone ribbed. .''>. Toxicodendron.

Drupe with a pubescent outer coat: stone smooth. 4. Riirs.

1. MANGIFERA L. Trees. Leaf-blades simple, relatively narrow.
Flowers polygamo-dioeeious, in stiff panicles, the branches not plumose.
Sepals i or 5. Petals 4 or 5. Ovary oblique: style 1, lateral. Drupe ovoid to
somewhat reniform, smooth: stone tenaciously fibrous-coated.

1. M. indica L. Leaf -blades leathery, oblong to linear-oblong or linear-lanceo-
late, mostly 1-3.5 dm. long, reticulate: panicles 1—4 dm. long: sepals ovate:
petals oblong or nearly so, 3. .5-4 mm. long: drupes 5-10 em. long, aromatic. —
Hammocks. Nat. of the E. Indies, and cultivated. — F. K. (Bah., Cuba, Ant.)
Maxgo.

2. METOPIUM P. Br. Shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades pinnately com-
pound. Flowers dioecious, in open panicles. Sepals 5. Petals 5. Ovary
equilateral: styles united: stigmas 3-lobed. Drupe not oblique.

1. M. toxiferum (L.) Krug & Urban. Shrub, or tree becoming 14 m. tall,
with a very poisonous sap : leaflets 3-7 ; blades ovate, leathery, 3-9 cm. long :
panicles 1-2 dm. long: sepals reniform or suborbieular : petals oblong to ovate:
drupes 10-15 mm. long. — Hammocks and coastal sand-dunes, and pinelands. —
F. K. (Ball., Cuba, Ant.) — Poisonwood. Coral-sumac. Hog-gum. Doctor-
gum.

3. TOXICODENDRON [Tourn.] Mill. Shrubs, trees, or vines, with poi-
sonous sap. Leaf-blades pinnately compound. Flowers polygamous or dioe-
cious, in rather dense panicles. Sepals 4-6. Petals 4-6. Ovary glabrous:
styles short. Drupe mostly glabrous, the sarcocarp wax-secreting. Seeds ribbed.

1. T. radicans (L.) Kuntze. Shrub with pubescent twigs: blades of the
leaflets leathery, ovate to oblong-ovate, 3-5 cm. long: drupes 2.-5-3 mm. in
diameter. — Hammocks. — F, K. (Ber., Bah.) — Poison-oak. Poison-ivy.

4. RHUS L. Shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades pinnately compound, several-
foliolate. Flowers polygamous or dioecious, borne in terminal usually compact
panicles. Sej^als commonly 5. Petals commonly 5. Ovary pubescent: styles
short. Drupe pjubescent. Seed smooth and even. — Sumac.

Bark of the trunk gray, dull : petals about 2.5 mm. long : anthers broadly oblong,
scarcely 1 mm. long. 1. /?. (ihluaifolUi.

Bark of the trunk red, shining: petals about 3 mm. long: anthers

linear-oblong, fully 1 mm. long. 2. R. leucantha.

1. R. obtusifolia Small. Shrub: leaflets 17-21; blades ovate to oblong, 2-5

cm. long: petals about 2.5 mm. long: stone of the drupe 3.5-4 mm. long.
[Schmaltzia obtusifolia Small.] — Pinelands.

2. R. leucantha Jacq. Shrub or tree becoming 9 m. tall: leaflets 15-33; blades
narrowly oblong to linear-lanceolate, 3-9 cm. long: petals about 3 mm. long:
stone of the drupe about 3 mm. long. — Hammocks. — (Cuba.) — Southern-
sumac.

Family 2. AQUIFOLIACEAE. Holly Family.

Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate: Ijlades simple. Flowers perfect
or polygamous. Calyx of 4—6 persistent sepals. Corolla of 4-6 petals
which are often united at the base. Androecium of 4r-6 stamens. Gynoe-
cium of 4r-8 united carpels. Fniit dnii^aceous.

CELASTRACEAE. 113

1. ILEX L. Leaves mostly persistent: blades entire or toothed. Flowers

sometimes nearly dioecious. Sepals persistent. Corolla deciduous. Drupe with

4-8 nutlets. — Holly.

Leaf-blades acuminate : fruits black. 1 • f- KnKjimia.

Leaf-blades obtuse or rounded and often emarginate : fruits red. 2. I. Cassine.

1. I. Krugiana Loes. Shrub, or tree 11 m. tall, with glabrous twigs: leaf-
blades obloug, elliptic, or ovate, 4-7.5 cm. long, acuminate, mostly entire, deep-
green and lustrous above, slender-petioled: staminate calyx about 3 mm. wide:
staminate corolla 5-5.5 mm. wide: drupes 5.5-6.5 mm. in diameter, about as
long as the stalk. — Hammocks and pinelands. — {Bah., Ant.) — Krug 's-holly.

2. I. Cassine L. Shrub, or small tree 12 m. tall, with usually pubescent twigs:
leaf-blades oblanceolate or oblong or rarely obovate, 4-10 cm. long, obtuse,
acute, or rarely refuse at the apex, more or less revolute, dark-green and gla-
brous above, pale and more or less pubescent beneath, and sometimes glabrous,
rather slender-petioled: calyx 1.5-2 mm. broad: corolla 4-4.5 mm. broad,
drupes globose, 6-8 mm. in diameter, red or sometimes nearly yellow. — Ham-
mocks.— {Bah., Cuba.) — Dahoox. Yaupox.

Family 3. CELASTRACEAE. Staff-tree Family.

Shrubs, ti-ees, or vines. Leaves alternate, opposite, or whorled : blades

simple. Flowers perfect, polygamous, or dioecious, variously boi-ne.

Calyx of 3-5 sepals. Corolla of 3-5 petals. Androecium of 3-5 stamens

borne on or below the disk. Gynoeeium of 2-5 united carpels. Fruit a

capsule, a drupe, or a berry. Seed often arillate.

Fruit capsular, dehiscent. 1. Mavtexcs.
Fruit drupaceous, indehiscent.

Flowers perfect : ovary 4-celled. 2. Rhacosia.
Flowers dioecious : ovary 2-celled.

Leaves opposite : ovules pendulous. 3. Gyminda.

Leaves alternate: ovules erect. 4. Schaeffeeia.

1. MAYTENUS Molina. Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, persistent:
blades leathery or succulent, entire or toothed. Flowers polygamous or
dioecious, solitary or clustered. Sepals 5. Petals 5. Stamens 5, borne below
the disk. Capsules erect.

1. M. phyllanthoides Benth. Shrub oi small tree: leaf -blades succulent,
obovate to obloug-oblanceolate, 2-4 cm. long: hypanthium broadly turbinate:
corolla 2-3 mm. broad: capsules obovoid, 8-12 nmi. in diameter, red. — Coastal
sand-dunes. — F. K. (Cuba.)

2. RHACOMA L. Shrubs or small trees. Leaves alternate, opposite, or

whorled, persistent: blades entire or toothed. Flowers perfect, solitary or

clustered in the axils. Sepals 4 or 5. Petals 4 or 5. Stamens 4 or 5, borne

between the lobes of the disk. Drupe smooth. [Crossopetalum P. Br.]

Leaf-blades spiny-toothed: cymes short-stalked (3-5 mm.) 1. R. ilicifoUo.

Leaf-blades crenate or entire: cymes long-stalked (10-15 mm.). 2. R. Crossopetalum.

1. R. ilicifolia (Poir.) Trelease. Depressed shrub with pubescent twigs:
drupes 3-4 mm. long. [Crossopetalum floridanum Gardner.] — Pinelands. — F. K.

2. R. Crossopetalum L. Erect shrub or small tree with glabrous twigs : drupes
5-6 mm. long. [Crossopetalum austrinum Gardner.] — Coastal sand-dunes and
hammocks. — F, K. (Ber., Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

3. GYMINDA Sarg. Shrubs or trees, the twigs 4-angled. Leaves oppo-
site, persistent : blades mostly entire. Flowers dioecious, in axillary cymes.

Flora of Miami 8

114 SAPIXDACEAE.

Sepals 4, or rarely 3. Petals i, or rarely 3. Stamens 4, borne outside the disk.
Stigmas disk-like. Drupe smooth.

1. G. latifolia (Sw.) Urban. Shrub or small tree: leaf -blades obovate to ellip-
tie-obovate. 2-4 cm. long, light-green, or (glaucous above in G. latifolia
glaucifolia) : petals oblong to obovate-oblong 1.5-2 mm. long: drupes oblong
to ovoid, 7-8 mm. long, bluish-black. — Coastal sand-dunes and hammocks. —
F. K. (Bah., Cuba, Ant.) — False-boxwood.

4. SCHAEFFEEIA Jacq. Shrubs or trees, the twigs terete. Leaves
alternate, persistent: blades entire. Flowers dioecious, in axillary clusters.
Sepals 4. Petals 4. Stamens 4. Stigmas recurved. Drupe tubercled.

1. S. frutescens Jacq. Shrub or small tree: leaves not clustered: flowers
manifestly pedieelled: drupes about 5 mm. in diameter. — Coastal sand-dunes
and hammocks.— F. K. (Bah., Cnha. Jnt.)— Boxwood. Yellow-wood.

FAiiiLY 4. DODONAEACEAE. Dodoxaea Family.

Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate: blades simple. Flowers polyg-
amous or polygamo-dioecious, variously borne. Calyx of 3-5 sepals.
Corolla wanting. Androecium of 5-8 stamens. Disk obsolete. Gynoecium
of 3 or 4 united carpels. Fruit a reticulate septicidal capsule. Seeds
subglobose or somewhat flattened.

1. DODONAEA [Plum.] L. Erect plants with usually viscid foliage.
Leaf-blades broadened upward. Capsule winged.

1. D. jamaicensis DC. Shrub 1-4 m. tall: leaves 3-11 cm. long: blades
narrowly spatulate, gradually narrowed to the base: sepals oblong, 2.5-3 mm.
long, ciiiolate, persistent: fruits 10-16 mm. long, deeply notched at the apex,
— Hammocks and pinelands. — F. K.

Family 5. SAPINDACEAE. Soapberry Family.

Shrubs, trees, or vines. Leaves opposite or alternate: blades simple
or pinnate, sometimes 1-foliolate. Flowers dioecious, polygamous, or
polygamo-dioecious, or rarely perfect, borne in racemes, panicles, or
coiymbs. Calyx of 4 or 5 sepals. Corolla of 4 or 5 petals, or wanting.
Disk sometimes gland bearing. Androecium mostly of 5 or more stamens.
Gynoecium of 2-4 more or less united carpels. Fi-uit capsular or baccate.

Vines : fruits capsular. 1- Cardiospermdm.

Shrubs or trees : fruits baccate.

Corolla longer than the calyx ; petals appendaged.

Fruits lobed, the carpels nearly distinct : androecium,

and gjTioeclum, glabrous. 2. Sapindus.

Fruits not lobed, the carpels united : androecium, and

gynoecium usually pubescent. •'5. Talisia.

Corolla shorter than the calyx ; petals unappendaged. 4. Exothea.

1. CAJIDIOSPERMUM L. Herbaceous or woody vines. Leaves alter-
nate: blades biternate or decompound. Flowers polygamo-dioecious, irregular.
Sepals 4. Petals 4, unequal. Disk one-sided, with 2 glands opposite the lower
petals. Stamens 8. Capsules bladdery.

1. C. Halicacabum L. Leaflets 3; blades ovate to ovate-lanceolate, coarsely
serrate, incised or parted: petals 3. .5-4.5 mm. long: capsules obovoid. — Ham-
mocks.—F. K. (Ber., Bah., Cuba, ^;it.)— Balloox-vine.

FRANGULACEAE. 115

2. SAPINDUS [Tourn.] L. Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate: blades
pinnate. Flowers polygamous, regular. Sepals 4 or 5. Petals 4 or 5, some-
times appendaged. Stamens 8-10. Baccate fruit lobe<l.

1. S. Saponaria L. Shrub, or tree becoming 10 m. tall: leaflets 4-7; blades
oblong, oval, or obovate, 3-12 cm. long: leaf-rachis winged: mature carpels
globose, 14-18 mm. in diameter. — Hammocks. — F. K. {Ber., Cuba, A7it.) —
Soapberry.

3. TALISIA Aubl. Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, the rachis wing-
less: blades pinnate, the leaflet-blades slightly inequilateral. Flowers polygamo-
dioecious, regular. Sepals 5. Petals 5, appendaged. Stamens 5-7, or usually
8. Baccate fruit somewhat elongate, not lobed.

1. T. pedicellaris Radlk. Small tree with puberulent twigs: leaflets 4-6;
blades elliptic to elliptic-ovate, 5-9 cm. long, acuminate, short-petioluled :
panicle small, the branches pubescent : petals ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 4—5
mm. long: fruits not seen. — Hammocks. — (N. S. Am.)

4. EXOTHEA Macfadyen. Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate: blades
equally pinnate. Flowers mostly polygamous, irregular. Sepals 5. Petals 5,
unappendaged, short-clawed. Stamens mostly S. Baccate fruit not lobed.

1. E. paniculata (Juss.) Radlk. Tree or shrub: leaflets 2-4, or rarely 6;
blades oblong or elliptic, 5-13 cm. long, entire: buds clove-shaped: sepals 3—4
mm. long: petals white, resembling the sepals: fruits subglobose, 10-13 mm. in
diameter, orange, turning purple. — Hammocks. — F. K. {Bah., Cuba, Ant.) —

IXKWOOD. IrOXAVOOD.

Order RHAMNALES.

Shrubs, trees, or vines. Leaves typically alternate. Flowers regular,

sometimes imperfect or incomplete. Calyx present. Corolla present or

wanting. Androeeium of as many stamens as there are sepals. Gynoe-

cium of 2 or more nnited carpels. Ovary superior or nearly so. Fruit a

capsule or a berry, or drupaceous.

Sepals manifest : petals involute : fruit capsular or drupaceous.

Fam. 1. Fkangulaceae.
Sepals minute or obsolete : petals valvate : fruit baccate. Fam. 2. Vitaceae.

Family 1. FRANGULACEAE. Buckthorn Family.

Shrubs, trees, or vines. Leaf-blades simple, pinnately veined.
Flowers perfect or polygamous, or sometimes dioecious. Calyx of 4 or 5
sepals. Corolla of 4 or 5 petals, or wanting. Androeeium of 4 or 5
stamens opposite the petals. Gynoecium of 2 or 3 united carpels. Fruit
capsular or dru])acenns, sometimes separating into nutlets.

Fruit pulpy, with a 1-3-cellecl stone.

Sepals crested. 1. Krdgiodexdrox.

Sepals not crested. 2. Reynosia.
Fruit dry or berry-like, with 2-4 separating nutlets.

Fruit not winged, seated in the persistent calyx. ."?. roLUBRiXA.

Fruit winged, crowned with the sepals. 4. Goijania.

1. KE.UGIODENDRON Urban. Shrubs or trees. Leaves nearly opposite:
blades entire. Flowers perfect. Sepals 5, crested within. Petals wanting.
Stamens 5: filaments longer than the anthers. Drupe apiculate.

116 YITACEAE.

1. K. ferreiun (Tahl) Urban. Shrub, or tree becoming 9 m. tall, the bark
ridged : leaf -blades ovate or oval, 3-6 cm. long : sepals ovate : drupes sub-
globose or oval, 5-8 mm. long, black. [Ehamnidium ferreum (Vahl) Sarg.] —
Hammocks. — F. K. {Bah., Ant.) — Black-ironwood.

2. REYNOSIA Griseb. Shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite: blades entire.
Flowers perfect. Sepals 5, crestless. Petals wanting. Stamens 5 : filaments
longer than the anthers. Drupe apiculate.

1. R. septentrionalis Urban. Tree becoming 9 m. tall, the bark scaly: leaf-
blades oblong, varjang to ovate or obovate: sepals deltoid or ovate-deltoid:
drupes subglobose, oval, or obovoid, 1.5-2 cm. long, purple or nearly black. [E.
latifolia Sarg. Not Griseb.] Coastal hammocks and sand-dunes. — F. K.
( Bah. ) — Eed-irox wood. Darling-plum.

3. COLUBRINA L. C. Rich. Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate: blades
entire or toothed, sometimes 3-nerved at the base. Flowers perfect. Sepals
5, spreading, keeled within. Petals 5, folded around the stamens, elawless.
Stamens 5 : anthers notched. Drupe slightly 3-lobed, the carpels separating, at
least at the top.

Drupes 4-6 mm. in diameter : pedicel abruptly dilated into the hypanthium : leaf-
blades glabrate, not rusty-tomentose. 1. C. reclinata.

Drupes 8-10 mm. in diameter : pedicel gradually dilated into the

hypanthium : leaf-blades rusty-tomentose beneath. 2. C. Coluhrina.

1. C. reclinata (L'Her.) Brongn. Tree becoming 20 m. tall, with puberulent
twigs: leaf-blades ovate-oblong or rarely oval or obovate 3-8 cm. long: sepals
about 2 mm. long: petals about 1.5 mm. long: drupe slender-pedicelled, seated
on the shallow hypanthium. — HammockB. — F. K. {Bah., Cuba, Ant.) —
Nakedwood.

2. C. Colubrina (Jacq.) Millsp. Shrub or small tree, with rusty-tomentose
twigs: leaf-lilades ovate, oblong, elliptic, or rarely oblanceolate, 5-15 cm. long:
sepals about 2.5 mm. long: petals somewhat longer than those of C. reclinata:
drupe stout-pedicelled, partly immersed in the deep hypanthium. — Hammocks.
— F. K. {Bah., Cuba, Ant.) — Wild-coffee.

4. GOUANIA Jacq. Shrubs or vines. Leaves alternate: blades broad.
Flowers polygamous, the inflorescence-branches often tendril-bearing. Sepals
5, spreading. Petals 5, clawed, the blades scoop-like. Stamens 5, each sur-
rounded by a petal. Drupe capsule-like, 3-winged, separating into 3-carpels.

1. G. lupuloides (L.) LTrban. Climber: leaf -blades oval or elliptic, varying
to ovate, 3-9 cm. long: spikes 6-15 cm. long: petals 1 mm. long, short-clawed:
drupes depressed, about 10 mm. broad. [G. domingensis L.] — Hammocks. —
F. K. {Bah., Cuba, A7it.)

Family 2. VITACEAE. Grape Family.

Vines, sometimes busliy or tree-like, usually with tendrils. Leaves
alternate, or the lower ones opposite : blades simple or compound. Flowers
perfect, polygamous, or dioecious, in flat-topped or elongate clusters.
Calyx of 4 or 5 sepals, or obsolete. Corolla of 4 or 5, often caducous,
petals, or wanting-. Androecium of 4 or 5 stamens opi30site the petals.
Gynoecium of usually 2 united carpels. Fruit a beriy.

Hypogynous disk present, either annular, cup-shaped or glandular : leaf-blades simple
or tern.'itely compound.
Petals cohering into a cap, caducous, never separating.

VITACEAE. 117

Bark sln-cddy : pith interrupted by diaphragms at the

nodes: tendrils foikinj,'. 1. ViTiS.

Barlv ni)t slireddv : pith continuous through the nodes :

tendrils simple. 2. Muscadinia.

Petals distinct, spreading.

Floral envelopes mostly in 4's : disk 4-lobed : plant-
tissues fleshy. 3. Cissus.
Floral envelopes mostly in 5's : disk entire or nearly

so : tissues not fleshy. 4. Ampelopsis.

Hypogvnous disk wanting or obsolete : leaf-blades digitately

5-7-foliolate. 5. 1'arthenocissus.

1. VITIS [Tourn.] L. Leaf-blades palmately lobed, angled or coarsely
toothed. Flowers in elongate racemes or panicles. Calyx minute. Petals
cohering. Berries juicy, mostly edible. Seeds pyriform. — Grape..

Leaf-blades floecose beneath, brown or rusty, acuminate, with fine teeth.

1. V. tiliifoHa.
Leaf-blades fclty beneath, white, acute, with coarse teeth. 2. V. coriacea.

1. V. tiliifolia II. i: B. Leaf-blades ovate to ovate-orbicular, 5-14 cm. long,
acuminate, sinuate, with mucronate teeth, dull green above, finely and closely
reddish-fioccose beneath, especially rusty on and about the veins, cordate:
panicles 1-2 dm. long: berries globose, 10-12 mm. in diameter, purple. [F.
baribaea DC] — Hammocks. (Cuba, Ant.)

2. V. coriacea Shuttlw. Leaf-blades reniform to suborbicular in outline, 3-10
cm. broad, shallowly toothed, angularly lobed (those of shoots often deeply
lobed), becoming glabrate above, felty beneath, cordate or truncate and sub-
cordate: panicles 5-12 em. long: berries subglobose, less than 10 mm. in diam-
eter, pleasantly acid. — Hammocks.

2. MUSCADINIA Small. Vines. Leaf-blades angled or coarsely toothed.
Flowers in racemes or panicles. Calyx minute. Petals cohering. Berries
rather juicy, ultimately edible.

1. M. Mvmsoniana (Simpson) Small. Leaf-blades thinuish, but rather firm,
suborbicular or reniform, 4-8 cm. broad, coarsely toothed, glabrous, except the
axils of the vein beneath, persistent, cordate at the base : berries globose, 1-1.5
cm. in diameter, nearly black under a slight bloom or shining, the skin and
pulp tender, acid: seeds 3-5 mm. long. — Hammocks. — F. K. (Bah.) — Bul-

LACE-GRAPE.

3. CISSUS L. Fleshy vines. Leaf-blades simple or 3-foliolate. Flowers
in small cymes. Petals spreading. Berries inedible.

Leaf-blades simple, distantly serrate. 1. G. sicyoides.

Leaf-blades 3-foliolate, the leaflets coarsely toothed. 2. 0. trifoliata.

1. C. sicyoides L. Plants pubescent: leaf -blades ovate or oblong-ovate, 2-8
cm. long, acute or often acuminate: berries subglobose, about 1 em. in diam-
eter, black. — Hammocks. — F. K. {Ber., Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

2. C. trifoliata L. Plants glabrous: leaf -blades 3-foliolate; leaflets 1-3 cm.
long, suborbicular varying to ovate or obovate, often flabellate: berries globose-
ovoid or ovoid, abruptly pointed, 5-7 mm. in diameter, dark-purple [C. acida
L.] — Coastal hammocks. — F. K. {Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

4. AMPELOPSIS Michx. Woody vines. Leaf-blades simple or bipinnate.
Flowers in flat cymes. Petals sjireading. Berries inedible.

1. A. arborea (L.) Eusby. Leaf -blades bipinnate, 1-2 dm. long; leaflets
several or many, the blades ovate, often broadly so or cuneate-obovate, 1-3 cm.
long, coarsely toothed, incised, or lobed: berries 10-13 mm. in diameter, dark-
purple. — Hammocks. — (Cuba.) — Pepper-vixe.

118 TILIACEAE.

5. PARTHENOCISSUS Planch. Yiues, the tendrils often disk bearing.
Leaf-blades digitately oomijound. Flowers in compound cymes. Petals spread-
ing. Berries inedible.

1. P. quinquefolia (L.) Plauch. Leaflets 5; blades usually thinnish, oval,
elliptic, or oblong, the lateral ones inequilateral, coarsely serrate above the
middle : berries 8-9 mm. in diameter, deep-blue with a scant bloom, often quite
pulpy. — Hammocks. — F. K. (Ber., Bah., Cuba.) — Virginia-creeper. Ameri-
can-ivy.

Order MALVALES.

Herbs, sbnibs, or trees. Leaves alternate or opposite : blades simple,
often lobed and tootbed. Flowers mostly perfect, regular and involucrate.
Calyx of distinct or partially united sepals. Corolla of distinct petals.
Androecium of numerous monadelpbous or gTOuped stamens, or few in
BuETTNERiACEAE. Gynoecium of several distinct or united carpels. Fruit
<?ai3sular, follicular, beriy-like, or nut-like.

Stamens numerous (in our genera).

Stamens distinct or in several groups: anthers 2-celled. Fam. 1. Tiliaceae. •

Stamens monadelpbous : anthers 1-celled. Fam. 2. Malvaceae.

Stamens as many as the sepals. Fam. 3. Buettneriaceae.

FAiiiLY 1. TILIACEAE. Lixden FAiiiLV.

Sbnibs, trees, or rarely berbs. Leaves mostly alternate : blades simple.
Flowers usually perfect. Calyx of 4 or 5 sepals. Corolla of 4 or 5 petals
wbicb sometimes bear petaloid scales at tbeir bases. Androecium of
usually numerous stamens, sometimes as many or twice as many as tbe
sepals. Gynoecium of 2-several united carpels. Fruit capsular, nut-like,
or beriy-like.

Petals inserted with the stamens : capsule often silique-like. 1. Coechords.

Petals inserted below the stamens, at the base of an elevated

receptacle : capsule subglobose, bur-like. 2. Teiumfetta..

1. CORCHORUS [Tourn.] L. Herbs or small shrubs. Leaf -blades serrate.
Sepals 5, or rarely 4, unappendaged at the tip. Petals 5 or rarely 4, naked at
the base, larger than the sepals. Anther-sacs contiguous. Ovary elongate.
Ovules numerous. Capsule many-seeded.

Petals obovate or rhombic-cnneate : capsule with 4 tooth-like beaks. 1 . C siliijiiofnis.
Petals spatulate to linear-spatulate : capsule with a single beak. ~. C. orhiucciisiK.

1. C. siliquosus L. Stems often widely branched: leaf -blades oval-ovate or
oblong-lanceolate, 1-5 cm. long: capsules 5-8 cm. long, the body truncate at the
apex.— Hammocks. — F. K. (Bah., Cuba, A7it.)

2. C. orinocensis H.B.K. Stems usually sparingly branched: leaf-blades oblong
to lanceolate, 2-5 cm. long: capsules 4-5 em. long, not truncate at the apex. —
Hammocks and waste places. Nat. of Trop. Am. — F. K. {Cuba, Ant.)

2. TRIUMFETTA [Plum.] L. Herbs or shrubs. Leaf-blades mostly
toothed and lobed. Sepals 5, often appendaged at the tip. Petals 5, each with
a pit at the base, often shorter than the sepals, or rarely wanting. Anther-
sacs contiguous. Ovary globular. Ovules few. Capsules few-seeded.

1. T. semitriloba Jacq. Plants stellate-tomentose, 1-2 m. tall: leaf-blades
ovate, rhombic, or suborbicular, serrate, angulate or 3-lobed, 3-8 cm. long:
sepals linear, 5-6 mm. long, or longer: petals cuneate-spatulate or linear-

MALA' ACE AE. 119

spatulate: capsule-bodies 4-5 mm. in aiameter, prickle-armed.— Pinelamls aud
hammocks. Nat. of S. Am.— F. K. {Bcr., Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

Fajiilv 2. MALVACEAE. ]\1allo\v FAiiiLY.

Herbs, shrubs, ur trees. Leaves alternate: blades simple, pinnately
veined. Flowers perfect. Calyx of 5, more or less united valvate sepals.
Corolla of 5, convolute petals! Androecium of numerous monodelphous
stamens. Gynoecium of several united carpels. Fruit capsular or some-
times baccate.

Fruit of several radially disposed carpels, wliich separate from each other at maturity.
Carpels as many as there are stigmas.
Carpels 2-several-seeded.

Carpels leathery or parchment-like, never l)laddery. 1. Abutilon.
Carpels membranous, bladder-like. 2. Gavoides.

Carpels 1-seeded. „ ,,

luvolucel of -2-^ bractlets. 3. MALV.\STEUJt.

Involucel wanting. 4. Sida.

Carpels V-> as many as there are stigmas.

Involucel of 5 partially united bractlets : carpels spiny

all over. 5. Ueena.

Involucel of 5-15 distinct bractlets : carpels unarmed or

with 1-3 spines on the back. 6. Malache.

Fruit a loculicidal capsule, or rarely indehiscent.

Styles distinct, spreading: seeds usually reniform.

Capsules as long as broad or much longer, the cavities
2-many-seeded.
Bractlets of the involucel distinct. '• liiniscus.

Bractlets of the involucel united into a lobed cup. S. Pakitium.

Capsules much depressed, the cavities 1-seeded. 9- Kosteletzkya.

Styles united : seed not reniform : fruit indehiscent. 10. Thespesia.

1. ABUTILON [Tourn.] Mill. Herbs, shrubs, or rarely trees. Leaf-
blades entire, toothed, or lobed. Involucel wanting. Sepals 5, united below.
Petals 5, often yellow. Carpels 5-30, beaked at maturity.

1. A permolle (Willd.) Sweet. Stems 5-16 dm. tall, velvety-tomeutose : leaf -
blades ovate, 2.5-10 cm. long: petals yellow, 10-15 mm. long: carpels 11-lL
mm. long.— Coastal hammocks.— F. K. (Bah., Cuba, ^n/.)— Indian-mallow.

2. GAYOIDES Small. Herbs, sometimes vine-like. Leaf-blades com-
monly toothed. Involucel wanting. Sepals 5, united below. Petals 5, usually
yellow. Carpels numerous, beakless at maturity.

1, G. crispum (L.) Small. Stem and branches 3-9 dm. long: leaf -blades ovate,
1-5 cm. long, mostly acute or rather obtuse: calyx-lobes rather abruptly
pointed: mature carpels angled at the summit.— Pmelands.—F. K. {Bah,
Cuba, Ant.)

3. MALVASTRUM A. Gray. Herbs or partially woody plants. Leaf-
blades entire, lobed, or parted. Involucel of distinct bractlets, or wanting.
Sepals 5, partially united. Petals 5, variously colored. Carpels 5 or more,
1-celled, beaked or beakless.— False-mallow.

Mature carpels beakless, sometimes with a mere protuberance behind the, apex.^^

Mature carpels with a subulate beak behind the apex. 2. M. corouwndclianum.

1 M. corchorifolimn (Desr.) Britton. Stems 3-9 dm. tall: leaf -blades ovate
to oblong-lanceolate, 2-6 cm. long, coarsely serrate: calyx-lobes triangular-
ovate, acuminate: petals orange-yellow: carpels hispidulous. [M. Bugeln b.
Wats.]— Hammocks.— F. K. {Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

120 MALVACEAE.

2. M. coromandelianum (L.) Garcke. Stems 3-9 dm. tall: leaf -blades orbicu-
lar-ovate to oblong-ovate, 2-8 em. long, sharply serrate: calyx-lobes triangular-
ovate: petals light-yellow: carpels hirsute on top. [M. americanum (L.)
Torr.] — Hammocks. — {Ber., Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

4. SIDA L. Herbs or partially woody plants. Leaf-blades usually
toothed. Involucel usually wanting. Sepals 5, partially united. Petals 5,
pale, often yellow. Carpels 5-many, 1-celled, commonly singly or doubly
beaked.

Upper stem-leaves with ovate, lanceolate or cuneate blades : mature carpels with
1 or 2 long slender teeth.
Mature carpels with 1 tooth each : peduncles, at least those

arising from the stem, much longer than the pedicels. 1. 8. rhomhifoUa.

Mature carpels with 2 teeth each : peduncles shorter than the

pedicels or only slightly longer. 2. 8. carijinifolia.

Upper stem-leaves linear : mature carpels with 2 short stout teeth. 3. 8. EUiottii.

1. S. rhombif olia L. Plants 5-9 dm. tall, the branches puberulent or glabrate :
leaf -blades rhombic, elliptic-obovate, or oblanceolate, 1.5-8 cm. long, serrate:
calyx-lobes triangular: petals pale-yellow or sometimes red-blotched at the
base: mature carpels 10-12, about 5 mm. long. — Pinelands and hammocks. —
F. K. (Ber., Cuba, Ant.)

2. S. carpinifolia L. f. Plants 3-9 dm. tall, the branches puberulent or
glabrate: leaf -blades lanceolate, oblong-ovate, or ovate, 2-10 cm. long, irregu-
larly serrate: calyx-lobes triangular: petals yellow to white: mature carpels,
8-10, about 4 mm. long.— Pinelands, hammocks and waste places. — F. K.

(Ber., Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

3. S. EUiottii T. & G. Plants 3-5 dm. tall, or sometimes depressed: leaf-
blades linear or nearly so, 2-7 cm. long, serrate : calyx-lobes triangular : petals
deep-yellow: mature carpels 8-12, 4-5 mm. long, rugose-reticulated on the
back. — Pinelands. — F. K.

5. URENA [Dill.] L. Shrubs or partially woody herbs. Leaf -blades
angled or lobed. Involucel present. Sepals 5, united below, and often par-
tially adnate to the bractlets. Petals 5, yellow, pink, or purplish. Carpels 5,
or rarely more, 1-celled, indehiscent, usually bristly with barbed spines.

1. U. lobata L. Stems mostly 1-2 m. tall, tomentose: leaf -blades suborbicular
to oval, shallowly lobed and serrulate: bractlets linear-lanceolate, 3-5 mm.
long: calyx about as long as the involucel: petals pink or rose, about 2 cm.
long: carpels 4-5 mm. in diameter. — Hammocks. — {Cuba, Ant.)

6. MALACHE B. Vogel. Shrubs or partially woody plants: Leaf -blades
broad, remotely serrate or repand, 3-ribbed. Involucel of 6-8 bractlets or
more. Sepals 5, partially united. Petals 5, pale. Carpels with a median crest
at the apex and 2 lateral cusps.

1. M. scabra B. Vogel. Plants 1-3 m. tall, pulverulent: leaf-blades ovate to
oblong-ovate, 6-15 cm. long: bractlets oblong-lanceolate: calyx-lobes ovate:
petals greenish-yellow or whitish, 2-2.5 cm. long: mature carpels about 10
mm. long, reticulate on the back. [Pavonia racemosa Sw.] — Coastal ham-
mocks.— F. K. {Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

7. HIBISCUS L. Herbs, shrubs, or trees. Leaf-blades entire, lobed, or
parted. Involucel of several, rarely 3-5 bractlets. Sepals 5, more or less
united. Petals 5, white or colored. Carpels forming a 5-valved capsule. —
Rose-mallow.

MALVACEAE. 121

Leaf-blades merely toothed : shrub or small tree. 1. H. liosa-Sincnsis.

Leaf-bhules parted : large herbs.

Bractlets tlat : caly\-lobes bristle-margined or spiny : leaf-
blades palmately parted. 2. H. cannuhinus.
Bractlets nearlv terete : calyx-lobes finely pubescent within :

leaf-blades pedately parted. 3. H. Sahdariffa.

1. H. Rosa-Sinensis L. Shrub or small tree, usually sparingly pubescent:
leaf -blades ovate to, ovate-lanceolate, rounded or abruptly narrowed at the
base, coarsely and unequally toothed: bractlets narrowly linear: calyx-lobes
lanceolate, more pubescent within than without : petals rose-red, or rarely of
other colors: capsules 2-2.5 cm. long. — Pinelands and waste places. Nat. of
China, and cultivated. — F. K. {Cuba, Ant.) — Chinese-rose. Shoeblack

PLANT.

2. H. camiabinus L. Plants 3-22 dm. tall, sparingly pubescent: leaf-blades
palmately 3-7-parted, the divisions linear to elliptic or oblong, unevenly
toothed: bractlets narrowly linear, flat, bristle-margined or spiny: calyx-lobes
lanceolate, long-acuminate, rather thin, bristle-margined or spiny: petals white
or pink, sometimes darker-colored, and purple at the base: capsules 1.5-2 cm.
long. — Pinelands and hammocks. Nat. of the Old World Tropics.— F. K.
{Cuba, Ant.) — Ambaree. Brown indian-hemp.

3. H. Sabdariffa L. Plants 6-26 dm. tall, glabrous or nearly so: leaf -blades
digitately 3-5-parted, the divisions crenate-serrate, the teeth shallow: bractlets
linear to linear-lanceolate, very thick, sparingly pubescent, juicy: calyx-lobes
lanceolate, like the bractlets dark-red, very thick, copiously fine-pubescent
within: capsules 1.5-2 cm. long, pubescent. — Pinelands and waste places. Nat.
of the Old World Tropics, and cultivated. — {Ant.) — Jamaica- sorrel.

EOSELLE.

8. PAP/ITIUM St. Hil. Shrubs or trees, resembling Hibiscus in habit,
but with the ])ractlets of the involucel united into a lobed cup.

1. P. tiliaceum (L.) Juss. Shrub or small tree, the young parts velvety-
tomentose: leaf-blades suborbicular to ovate, 1-2 dm. long, shallowly toothed,
prominently veined beneath: calyx-lobes lanceolate or triangular-lanceolate:
petals yellow, 5-6 em. long: capsule 2.5-3.5 cm. long, abruptly pointed.
[Hibiscus tiUaceus L.] — Coastal hammocks. Nat. of the Old Word Tropics. —
F. K. {Ber.. Bah.. Cuba, ^nf.)— Mahoe.

9. KOSTELETZKYA Presl. Herbs or partially woody plants. Leaf-
blades angulate-lobed, hastate, or sagittate. Involucel of 7-10 bractlets, or
obsolete. Sepals 5, partially united. Petals 5. Carpels forming a depressed
capsule.

Calyx canescent : leaf-blades scabro-pubescent. 1. K. virfihiica.

Calyx hirsute as well as canescent : leaf-blades velvety. 2. K. aUhacifolia.

1. K. virginica (L.) A. Gra.y. Foliage pubescent with stellate hairs but not
velvety, often scabrous: leaf -blades 3-15 cm. long, ovate to ovate-hastate,
serrate-dentate, the lateral lobes triangular, acute: panicles leafy: calyx-lobes
lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, acute or acuminate: petals pink or purple, 2-4
em. long: capsules about 10 mm. broad. — Everglades.

2. K. althaeifolia (Chapm.) A. Gray. Foliage mainly velvety pubescent:
leaf-blades ovate to ovate-lanceolate or nearly lanceolate, 5-15 cm. long,
acuminate, irregularly dentate, the lower ones angularly 3-lobed, cordate, the
upper ones truncate or subcordate at the base: calyx-lobes lanceolate, acumi-
nate: petals pink, about 4 cm. long: capsules 12-15 mm. broad. — Everglades
and low hanniiocks. — F. K. {Ber.)

10. THESPESIA Soland. Shrubs or trees, resembling species of Hibiscus.
Leaf-blades angulate-lobed or entire. Involucel of 3-5 narrow deciduous

122 BUETTNERIACEAE.

bractlets. Sepals 5, partially or wholly united. Petals 5, showy. Carpels
united into a mostly indehiscent capsule.

1. T. populnea (L.) Soland. Shrub or low tree: leaf-blades ovate. 5-12 cm.
long: calyx cup-like: petals 5-7 cm. long, yellow and purple: capsules de-
pressed, 3-4.5 em. broad. — Coastal hammocks. Xat. of the Old World Tropics.
— F. K. (Bah.. Cuba, Ant.) — Seaside-mahoe.

Family 3. BUETTNERIACEAE. Chocolate Family.

Shrubs or trees, or herbs, often resembling Malvaceae. Leaves alter-
nate : blades simple. Flowers mostlj' perfect. Calyx of 5, or rarely fewer,
sepals. Corolla of 5, or rarely few^er, petals, or wanting. Androeeium of
as many stamens as there are sepals, or more. Staminodia sometimes
present. Gynoecium of 5, more or less united carpels, or fewer. Fruit
capsular or follicular.

Petals with flat blades: stigma brush-like. 1. Walthehia.

Petals with hooded blades : stigmas capitate. 2. Atexia.

1. WAIjTHEE,IA L. Herbs, shrubs, or trees. Leaf-blades toothed.
Involueel of 3 bractlets. Sepals 5, united below. Petals 5, loosely spreading.
Stamens 5: anthers with 2 sacs: staminodia wanting. Ovary 1-celled. Cap-
sule smooth, elongate.

1. W. americana L. Plants 6-12 dm. tall, tomentose: leaf -blades ovate to
oblong, 1-5 cm. long: flowers in dense axillary clusters: sepals subulate:
petals yellow, slightly longer than the sepals: capsules 2.5-3 mm. long. —
Pinelands and hammocks. — F. K. (Ber., Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

2, AYENIA L. Herbs, often partially woody. Leaf-blades toothed.
Involueel wanting. Sepals 5, slightly united. Petals 5, converging, the claws
involute. Stamens 5; anthers with three parallel sacs. Staminodia present.
Ovary 5-eelled. Capsule muricate, depressed.

Petals G-6.5 mm. long; blades about 1.5 mm. wide; appendages stout, over 0.5 mm.

long. 1- A- euplirasiaefoUa.

Petals 4-4.5 mm. long : blades about 1 mm. wide ; appendages

slender, less than 0.5 mm. long. 2. A. pusilla.

1. A. euphrasiaefolia Griseb. Tap-root stout: stems prostrate: leaf -blades
predominately suborbicular to reniform, 0.5-1 cm. long, sharply few-toothed:
calyx about 3 mm. long: petals reddish: capsules 4-5 mm. in diameter: seeds
bluntly tuberculate. — Pinelands. — P. K, (Cuba.)

2. A. pusilla L. Tap-root slender: stems erect or ascending: leaf-blades pre-
dominantly oblong to oblong-ovate, 1-2.5 cm. long, rather bluntly many-
toothed: calyx about 2 mm. long; lobes ciliate: seeds sharply tuberculate. —
Waste places. Perhaps introduced from the W. Indies. — F. K. (Bah., Cuba,
Ant.)

Order HYPERICALES.
Herbs, shrubs, or trees. Leaves various. Flowers perfect, complete
and regular, or irregular in Violaceae, sometimes involucrate. Calyx of
distinct, or essentially distinct sepals. Corolla of distinct petals, i-arely
wanting. Androeeium of usually numerous stamens, but sometimes few
or 5. Gynoecium of several united carpels. Ovarj' superior, mostly with
parietal placentae. Fruit capsular, baccate, or drupaceous.

TUENERACEAE. 123

Styles distinct or partially united or coherent until maturity, if united to the
stigmas, then grooved.

Stigmas not brush-like: endosperm little or none. Fam. 1. Hypericaceae.

Stigmas l)rush-lil<e : endosperm coidous. Fam. 2. Turneraceae.

Styles wholly and permanently united. Fam. 3. Cistaceae.

Family 1. HYPERICACEAE. St. John's-wort Family.

Herbs or shrubs. Leaves opposite : blades mostly punctate, entire or
nearly so, sometimes scale-like. Flowers perfect. Calyx of 4 or 5 her-
baceous equal or unequal sepals. Corolla of 4 or 5, yellow or pink, petals.
Androecium of few or many stamens, sometimes grouped, the groups
sometimes alternating with glands. Gynoecium of 3-7 united carpels.
Fruit a capsule.

Sepals 4, those of each pair very unequal in size and shape. 1. Ascyrijm.

Sepals 5, equal or nearly so. 2. Hypericum.

1. ASCYRUM L. Shrubs. Sepals 4, very unequal. Stameus not iu groups.
Styles relatively short. Capsule inchuled in the calyx. — St. Peter's- wort.
St. Andrew 's-cross.

Inner sepals very small, petal-like or obsolete : styles 2.

Outer sepals ovate at maturity : capsule Included. 1. A. Iiyi)ericoi(lcs.

Outer sepals oblong or elliptic at maturity : capsule exserted

at the tip. 2. A. liuifuliimi.

Inner sepals slightly smaller than the outer : styles 3 or 4. 3. A. tetrapetalum.

1. A. hypericoides L. Plants diffuse: leaf -blades linear, often narrowly so,
5-15 mm. long: outer sepals ovate, at least at maturity, erect, obtuse,
7-9 mm. long, the inner petaloid: petals pale-yellow, capsules 7-8 mm. long.
— Hammocks. — {Cuba, Ant.)

2. A. linifolium Spach. Plants mostly erect: leaf -blades linear-spatulate to
oblanceolate, oblong, or obovate-oblong, 1-3.5 cm. long: outer sepals oblong
or elliptic, 6-9 mm. long, the inner petaloid: petals bright-yellow: capsules
5-8 mm. long. — Pinelands. — {Bcr., Bah., Cuba.)

3. A, tetrapetalum (Lam.) Vail. Plants 2-9 dm. tall: leaf-blades ovate to
oval: outer sepals resembling the leaf-blades, the inner oblong to lanceolate:
capsules about i as long as the sepals. — Pinelands and Everglades.

2. HYPERICUM [Tourn.] L. Herbs or shrubs. Sepals 5, essentially
equal. Stamens mostly in groups. Style relatively long. Capsule not in-
cluded.— St. John 's-wort.

Buds conic : sepals linear to oblong-linear : capsules narrowly conic, gradually
pointed. 1- S. aspalatlioUles.

Buds ovoid : sepals orbicular, oblong-ovate or obovate : capsules

ovoid, abruptly pointed. 2. H. opacum.

1. H. aspalathoides Willd. Plants 2-8 dm. tall: leaves very numerous, with
clusters of small ones borne in the axils of the large ones; blades linear-
subulate or linear-filiform, 5-8 mm. long, or shorter in the clusters: petals 6-7
mm. long. — Pinelands. — F. K. (Cuba.)

2. H. opacum T. & G. Plants 3-12 dm. tall: leaves few; blades oblong to
oblong-lanceolate, or sometimes linear-oblong, 1-3 cm. long: petals 3-5 mm.
long. — Everglades.

Family 2. TURNERACEAE. Turxera Family.

Herbs or shmbs. Leaves alternate: blades entire, toothed, or pin-
natifid, pinnately veined. Flowers mostly perfect. Calyx of 5 imbricate

124 CIST ACE AE.

sepals. Corolla of 5 convolute delicate petals. Androecium of 5 distinct
stamens. Gynoecium of 3 united carpels. Ovan- 1-celled, with 3 parietal
plancentae opposite the styles. Fruit a 3-valved capsule.

1. PIRIQUETA Aubl. Herbs. Sepals slightly united. Stigmas 2-cleft.

Stem, and branches, tomentose or hirsute.

Stem hirsute as well as tomentose. 1. P. caroUniana.

Stem merely tomentose. -■ P- tomcntosa.

Stem, and branches, glabrous. 3. P. glabrcscens.

1. P. caroliniana (Walt.) Urban. Plants fulvous-hirsute, 1-4 dm. tall: leaf-
blades obovate, oblong, cuneate, lanceolate, or rarely oval, 1-7 cm. long, repand
or crenate-serrate: corolla deep-yellow; capsules 5-7 mm. long. — Pinelands
and coastal sand-dunes.

2. P. tomentosa H.B.K. Plants stellate-tomentose, 2-4 dm. tall: leaf -blades
oval, oblong, or rarely narrowly oblong-lanceolate, 1-4 cm. long, crenate-serrate:
corolla bright-yellow: capsules 5-6 mm. in diameter. — Pinelands. — F. K.

3. P. glabrescens Small. Plants glabrous up to the inflorescence, 4-6 dm.
tall: leaf -blades narrowly linear, 1-5 cm. long, entire: corolla light-yellow:
capsules about 5 mm. long. — Everglades.

Family 3. CISTACEAE. Rock-rose Family.

Shrubs or partially Avoody plants. Leaves alternate or opposite:
blades simple. Flowers generally perfect. Calyx of 3-5 persistent sepals.
Corolla of 3-5 often fugacious petals, or wanting. Androecium of 6 or
more stamens. Gynoecium of usually 3 united carpels. Fruit a capsule.

Corolla yellow: petals 5. fugaceous or wanting. 1. Ckocanthbmdm.

Corolla not yellow ; petals 3, persistent. 2. Lechba.

1. CROCANTHEMUM Spach. Erect plants. Flowers complete and
showy, or in some species both petaliferous and apetalous. Ovules pendulous.
Capsules of the petaliferous flowers larger than those of the apetalous ones. —
Frost-weed.

1. C. corymbosmn (Michx.) Britton. Stems finely and densely canescent,
1.5-3 dm. high: leaf-blades oblong, or the lowest obovate, 2-2.5 cm. long, pale
beneath, dark-green above: corolla 16-20 mm. broad: capsules of the larger
flowers 4-6 mm. broad, many-seeded, those of the apetalous ones smaller and
few seeded. [Helianthemum corjmbosum Michx.] — Pinelands.

2. LECHEA Kalm. Erect plants with very many leafy shoots at the base
in fall. Leaf-blades narrow, or those of the leaves on the shoots often broad
and short. Flowers complete, minute. Ovules erect. Capsules equal. — Pix-

WEED.

1. L. patula Leggett. Plants bushy, the stems usually divergently branched,
but the branches sometimes ascending: stem-leaves 4-9 mm. long; blades linear
or oblong, acute: inner sepals oblong, 1-1.4 mm. long: petals oblong-cuneate,
about 1 mm. long, notched at the apex: pods globose-oblong or oblong, 1-1.5
mm. long. — Pinelands.

Order PASSIFLORALES.
Herbs, vines, or shrubby plants, or succulent tree-like plants with
milky sap. Leaves alternate: blades entire, toothed, or lobed. Flowers

PASSIFLORACEAE. 125

perfect or dioecious. Calyx of 4 or 5 more or less united sepals. Corolla
of 4 or 5 distinct or united petals, sometimes accompanied by a fringed
crown, or rarely wantini;'. Andi'oecium of 5 stamens, or of 10 stamens in
2 unequal rows. Gynoecium of 3-5 united carpels. Ovary superior.
Fruit a berry or a capsule.

Coroll.i not accompanied by a crown : flowers mainly dioecimis. the staminate and

pistillate diflferent. Vnm. 1. I'apayaceae.

Corolla accompanied by a crown : flowers perfect, all alike. Fam. 2. I'assifloraceab.

Family 1. PAPAYACEAE. Papaw Family.

Shrubs or trees. Leaves with ample 7-9-lobed blades. Corolla
salverform. Stamens 10: filaments adnate to the corolla-tube. Anthers
erect. Fruit baccate, borne near the top of the stem.

1. CARICA L. Plants with milky juice, the stem rather tender, simple or
branched, much-scarred above. Leaf-blades palmately or pinnately lobed.
Staminate flowers in long-peduncled cymes: pistillate flowers in short-i)eduncled
cymes. Berries nearly sessile, many-seeded.

1. C. Papaya L. Stem 3-6 m. tall, simple, leafy at the top: leaf-blades 3-6
dm. broad, on stout spreading petioles: corolla yellow or reddish, that of the
pistillate flower the larger: berry oblong to subglobose, 2-18 cm. long. —
Pinelands, hammocks and waste places. Nat. of Trop. Am., and cultivated. —
F. K, {Ber., Bah., Cuba, Ant.) — Papaav. Custard-xVPPLE.

Family 2. PASSIFLORACEAE. Passion-flov^^er Famii^y.

Herbs, tendril-bearing- vines, or shrubby plants. Leaves with entire
or lobed, simple, or rarely compound blades. Corolla mostly rotate.
Stamens 5 : filaments usually monodelphous around the gynoecium. Fiiiit
baccate.

1. PASSIFLORA L. Perennial vines. Leaf-blades entire, lobed, or
parted. Crown filamentous, single, double, or triple. Anthers versatile. —
Passion-flower.

Stipules minute or obsolete : leaf-blades glabrous or pubescent beneath : sepals
unappendaged.
Corolla wanting : leaf-blades entire or 3-lobed, linear to suborbicular in outline :
berry glabrous: seeds coarsely reticulate. 1. P. subcrosa.

Corolla present : leaf-blades lunate, broadly 3-lobed : berry pu-
bescent : seeds papillose-cancellate. -. P. scxfora.
Stipules foliaceous : leaf-blades glaucous beneath : outer sepals with

long subulate appendages. ?,. P. paUcns.

1. P. suberosa L. Twigs glabrous or minutely pubescent: leaf-blades entire
to 3-lobed, mostly 2-10 em. long: cymes 1-f ew-flowered : sepals linear to
lanceolate or oblong, 4-6 mm. long: corolla wanting: crown mostly blue-tinged:
berries 6-10 mm. in diameter: seeds about 3 mm. long. — Pinelands and ham-
mocks.— F. K. {Ber., Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

2. P. sexflora Juss. Twigs tomentulose: leaf -blades 6-14 cm. broad, pubescent:
cymes several-flowered: sepals lanceolate, 9-11 mm. long: corolla as long as
the calyx: crown purple-tinged: berries globular 9-11 mm. in diameter, pubes-
cent: seeds 2-2.5 mm. long. — Hammocks. — (Cuba, Ant.)

3. P. pallens Poepp. Twigs glabrous, glaucous: leaf-blades nearly equally
3-lobed, 4-S cm. long, the lobes ovate or very broad, the terminal one usually

126 OPrXTIACEAE.

slightly larger than the others: stipules foliaeeoiis, ovate to reniforni: sepals
oblong to oblong-lanceolate, 2-2.5 em. long: corolla wanting: berries golden-
yellow, 4-5 cm. in diameter: seeds 4.5-5 mm. long, tuberculate at the top. —
Hammocks. — (Cuba.)

Order OPUNTIALES.

Succulent, typically spine-aiined, herbs, shrubs, or trees, mainly
leafless or essentially so, or leafy rigid herbs, with more or less specialized
hairs. Flowers perfect. Hypanthium present. Calyx of 4 or 5, or many,
sepals. Corolla of 4 or 5, or many, petals. Androecium of usually many
stamens, in several series or groups, sometimes partially reduced to
staminodia. Gjmoecium of 4, or 2-several, united carpels. Ovarj' in-
ferior. Fniit baccate or capsular.

Sepals and petals 4 or 5 each, very different : leaves with entire or dissected blades :
erect or climbing plants, with rigid hairs. Fam. 1. Loasaceae.

Sepals and petals nearly alike, at least the latter numerous :
leaves typically mere scales or wanting: succulent plants,
usually "armed'with spines. Fam. 2. Opuntiaceae.

FAiiiLY 1. LOASACEAE. Loasa Family.

Rigid herbs with barbed or stinging hairs. Leaves with entire lobed,
pinnatifid. or dissected blades.

1. MENTZELIA [Plnm.] L. Brittle-stemmed, mostly diffuse or reclining
herbs. Leaf-blades relatively broad, sinuate or lobed. Androecium without
staminodia. Seeds angled.

1. M. florldana Xutt. Leaf-blades 2-9 em. long, ovate to deltoid-ovate, toothed
and 3-lobed : sepals lanceolate, often very broad at the base : petals golden-
yellow, 15-18 mm. long: capsules 1-1.5 cm. long. — Hammocks. — F. K. {Bah.)

Family 2. OPUNTIACEAE. Cactus Family.

Succulent plants, typically spine-armed, and often with cushions of
bristles or hairs at the base of the spines. Leaves mostly wanting, obso-
lete, or rudimentary'.

Stems not jointed : leaves obsolete : areolae without barbed bristles : flowers
nocturnal.
Plants erect or reclining, without aerial roots : fruits spiny. 1. AcanthocerbdS.
Plants climbing, with aerial roots : fruits scaly. 2. Hylocerbds.

Stems jointed : leaves scale-like, deciduous : areolae with barbed

bristles : flowers diurnal. 3. OrrNTiA.

1. ACANTHOCEREUS Britt. & Rose. Plants with erect or reclining
stems and branches, the 3-(3 angles low, the areolae remote, with several spines
and short wool. Hypanthium elongate, with spine-bearing areolae. Corolla
large, white, the petals, like the sepals, long and narrow. Berry spiny.
1. A. pentagonus (L.) Britt. & Eose. Stems and branches sometimes 8 m.
long, the joints various, a 3-angled one often arising from a 5-angled one,
deep-green: spines 5-8, the radial bristle-like or subulate, brittle, the central
one 1-2 cm. long: corolla white, 9-12 cm. broad: fruits oval, 6-9 cm. long,
deep-red, spiny. [Cereus baxaniensis Karw.] — Hammocks. — F. K. {Ctiba,
Ant.)

LAURACEAE. 1 27

2. HYLOCEREUS Britt. & Rose. Plants with climbing prominently
3-angle(l or .'l-wiiige.l stems and branches, the areolae remote, with several
short spines and short wool. Hypanthium elongate, with succulent scales.
Corolla very large, white, the petals, like the sepals, long and narrow. Berry
scaly.

1. H. tricostatus (Gosselin) Britt. &: Rose. Stem and branches stout, 8-12 cm.
thick, bright-green, commonly high-climbing: areolae remote; spines 3-.5, rigid,
dark, usually 2-4 mm. long: corolla about 2 dm. wide: berries ovoid, 8-10 cm.
long, scarlet, the scales flat. [Ccrcu.'i triangularis Chapm. Not Haw.] — Ham-
mocks. Xat. of Mex. — (Cuba, Ant.) — Nightblooming-cereus.

3. OPUNTIA [Tourn.] Mill. Plants conspicuously jointed, with sepa-
rated usually spine-bearing areolae. Flowers arising from the cushions of
barbed bristles of the areolae. Corolla yellow. Style cylindric.

1. O. austrina Small. Plants woody at the base, the roots tuber-bearing, the
joints broadly obovate or orbicular-obovate, deep-green, .5-11 cm. long, or
rarely somewhat longer, the early deciduous leaves mostly less than 10 mm.
long: spines mainly above the middle of the joints and near the edge, usually
2 together but one of them very small or deciduous, whitish or pinkish, and
reddish near the base and apex, twisted: flowers bright-yellow, 6-7 cm. broad:
petals cuneate, truncate or retuse at the slightly eroded top, and mueronate:
berries 2. .5-3 cm. long. — Pinelands and coastal sand-dunes.— Prickly-pear.

Order THYMELEALES.

Shrubs or trees, or partially herbaceous plants. Leaves opposite or
alternate, the blades simple, rarely mere scales, or obsolete. Flowers per-
fect, polygamous, or dioecious, regiilar or nearly so. Calyx of 5, or fewer,
sepals. Corolla wanting (in our species). Androecium of as many
stamens as there are sepals, or twice as many. Anthers opening by slits
or hinged valves. Gynoecium of a single carpel. Ovai*y superior. Ovule
mostly solitan'. Fruit usually baccate or dnqjaceous.

Leafy shrubs or trees : fruit seated on the hypanthium. F.im. 1. Laueaceab.

Leafless, twining, parasitic vines : fruit enclosed In the

accrescent hypanthium. Fam. 2. Cassythaceab.

Family 1. LAURACEAE. Laurel Family.

Aromatic shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate or opposite : the blades
entire or lobed. Flowers in open or congested cymes. Perianth of 6
(rarely 4—10) sepals in 2 series. Androecium of usually more stamens
than there are sepals, in 2^ series, those of the third sex'ies usually
glandular appendaged, those of the fourth series mostly mere staminodia.
Gynoecium a single carpel. Ovai-y 1-celled. Drupe not included.

Anther-bearing stamens n : calyx deciduous or persistent and appressed to the fruit.

Calyx persistent: fruit seated on the calyx. 1. Tajiala.
Calyx deciduous : fruit seated on the hypanthium.

Fruit oblique : hypanthium not fleshy. 2. Persea.

Fruit not oblique : hypanthium fleshy. ,"5. Ocotea!

Anther-bearing stamens .3 : calyx persistent as a lateral flange

on the hypanthium. 4. Mi.saxteca.

1. TAMAIjA Raf. Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, persistent: blades
entire. Flowers in axillary peduncled cymes. Sepals 6, dissimilar. Style
long-columnar: stigma capitate. Drupe equilateral.

128 CASSYTHACEAE.

Peduncles, pedicels and petioles glabrous or appressed-pubescent : fruit over 1 cm.

thick. 1. T. Borhonia.
Peduncles, pedicels and petioles tomentose : fruit less than 1 cm.

thick. 2. T. pubescens.

1. T. Borbonia (L.) Eaf. Large tree, the bark broken into flat ridges: leaf-
blades elliptic or elliptic-oblong, 5-15 cm. long, finely reticulate beneath:
sepals ascending, the inner ovate, 2-3 times longer than the outer: fruits
obovoid or globose-obovoid, 1-1.5 cm. long, dark-blue or nearly black, lustrous.
[Persea Borbonia (L.) Spreng.] — Hammocks. — Eed-bay. Sweet-bay. Florida-
mahogany.

2. T. pubescens (Pursh) Small. Shrub or small tree, its twigs, lower leaf-
surfaces and inflorescence tomentose: leaf-blades narrowly elliptic or elliptic-
lanceolate, or rarely oval, 5-20 cm. long: sepals erect, the inner oblong-ovate,
about twice as long as the outer: fruits oval, 8-11 mm. long, dark-blue with
a thin bloom. [Persea pubescens (Pursh) Sarg.] — Everglades and wet ham-
mocks.— F. K. (Ball.) — SwAMP-BAY. Swamp red-bay.

2. PEItSEA [Plum.] Gaertn. Trees. Leaves alternate, persistent: blades
entire. Flowers in terminal panicled cymes. Sepals 6, nearly equal, united
at the base. Style subulate: stigma minute. Drupe inequilateral.

1. P. Persea (L.) Cockerell. Large tree: leaf-blades elliptic or oval or nearly
so, 8-15 cm. long, short-petioled (relatively small and with long an<l slender
petioles in P. Persea mexicana) : inner sepal 4-5 mm. long, somewhat sur-
passing the outer: fruits slightly elongate, often pyriform, 8-18 cm. long, the
flesh butter-like. — Hammocks and pinelands. Nat. of Trop. Am., and culti-
vated.— (Cuba, Ant.) — Avocado. Alligator-pear.

3. OCOTEA Aubl. Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, persistent: blades
entire. Flowers in panicled cymes. Sepals 6, nearly similar. Style cylindric.
Stigma capitate. Drupe somewhat elongate.

1. O. Catesbyana (Michx.) Sarg. Shrub or small tree: leaf -blades narrowly
elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate, 5-12 cm. long, lustrous above: calyx creamy- white,
8-9 mm. broad; sepals obtuse: drupes subglobose or oval, 10-15 mm. long,
dark-blue or black, seated in the red or yellow hypanthium.— Hammocks. — F.
K. {Ball.) — Laxcewood.

4. MISANTECA Cham. & Schlecht. Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate,
persistent: blades entire. Flowers inconspicuous, in panicled cymes. Sepals
6, nearly similar, short, erect, about as long as the enlarged portion of the
hypanthium. Style columnar: stigma minute, surrounded by the 3 erect
stamens. Drupe slightly elongate, seated in the cup-like hypanthium which is
bordered by the persistent calyx.

1. M. triandra (Sw.) Mez. Tree with somewhat flaky bark: leaf-ldades
elliptic-oblong or oval, 4.5-11 cm. long, abruptly acuminate, but often blunt,
lustrous above: calyx whitish, 2-2.5 mm. broad; sepals obtuse: fruits acorn-
like, the drupe ovoid or oblong-ovoid, 2-2.5 cm. long, green, the hypanthium
reddish. — Hanmiocks. — (Cuba, AnL)

Family 2. CASSYTHACEAE. Cassytha Family.

Parasitic vines. Leaves mere scales, or wanting-. Flowers perfect, in
beads, spikes, or racemes. Calyx of 6 sepals in 2 unequal series, sur-
mounting' the accrescent hypanthium. Androecinm of 9 stamens with 2-
celled anthers, and 3 staminodia. Gynoecium of a single carpel. Drupe
included.

MELASTOMACEAE. 129

1. CASSYTHA [Osbeck] L. Vines with yellow or jiale-green stems and
branches, clinging to herbs and shrubs.

1. C. filifonnis L. Stems matted, yellowish-green: flowers 3-6 in a spike:
inner sepals triangular-ovate, 2-3 times larger than the outer: drupe globose,
5-7 mm. in diameter. — Pinelands and coastal sand-dunes. — F. K. {Bah.,
Cuba, Ant.)

Order MYRTALES.

Herbs, shrubs, or trees, sometimes aquatic or amphibious. Leaves
alternate or opposite. Flowers regular or irregular, complete or much
reduced. Hypanthium merely enclosing the ovary or adnate to it. Calyx
surmounting the hypanthium, the sepals distinct or rarely permanently
united. Corolla present or wanting. Androecium of few or many
stamens: anthers opening by slits or pores. Gynoeeium 1-several-car-
pellary. Fruit capsular, baccate, or achene-like.

Style present, simple or compound : stigma terminal.

Anthers opening by pores. Fam. 1. Melastomaceae.

Antliers opening by longitudinal valves.

Hypanthium merely enclosing the ovary. Fam. 2. Lythbaceae.

Hypanthium adnate to the ovary or mainly so.
Cotyledons spirally convolute in the embryo.
Ovary several-celled : ovules numerous, not

pendulous. Fam. 3. Punicaceae.

Ovary 1-celled : ovules 2-5, pendulous. Fam. 4. Terminaliaceae.

Cotyledons not spirally convolute.

Sepals imbricated or united and the calyx

falling away as a cap. Fam. 5. Mirtaceae.

Sepals valvate.

Leaves stipulate : sepals leathery. Fam. 6. Rhizophoraceae.

Leaves not stipulate : sepals membran-
ous or herbaceous. Fam. 7. Epilobiaceae.
Styles wanting : stigmas sessile. Fam. 8. Gdnneeaceae.

Family 1. MELASTOMACEAE. Me.\dow-beauty Family.

Herbs, shrubs, or trees. Leaves opposite : blades with 3-several ribs.
Flowers perfect. Calyx of 3-6 sepals, surmounting the hypanthium.
Corolla of 3-6 oblique petals. Androecium of 6-12 stamens, those opi^o-
site the petals sometimes abortive. Gynoeeium of 3-5 united carpels.
Ovary enclosed in or adnate to the hjq)anthium. Fruit baccate or capsular.

Herb: fruit a capsule. 1. Rhexia.

Shrub or tree : fruit a berry. 2. Teteaztgia.

1. BHEXIA L. Perennial herbs with rootstoeks. Leaf-blades usually
3-5-ribbed. Hypanthium urceolate, prolonged beyond the ovary. Sepals 4.
Petals 4, deciduous. Ovary 4-eelled, free. Capsule included. 4-valved. —
Meadow-beauty.

Leaf-blades broad, prominently 3-ribbed : anthers short, oblong, not spurred.

1. R. serrulata.
Leaf-blades narrow, prominently 1-ribbed : anthers elongate, linear,

spurred at the base. 2. R. cuhensis.

1. R. serrulata Nutt. Stems .5-30 cm. tall: leaf-blades ovate, oval, or sub-
orbicular, 0..5-1 cm. long: petals purple, about 10 mm. long: capsules about 4
mm. long, spheroidal. — Everglades. — F. K.

2. R. cubensis Griseb. Stems 2-.5 dm. tall, glandular-hirsute: leaf-blades
linear, 1.5-4 cm. long: sej>als lanceolate or triangular-lanceolate: petals purple,

Flora of Miami 9

130 PUNICACEAE,

11-17 mm. long: capsules 6-7 mm. long, ovoid. [H. floridana Xash.] — Ever-
glades.— {Cuba.)

2. TETRAZYGIA L. C. Rich. Shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades 3-5-ribbed,
mostly scurfy or tomentose beneath: sepals, and petals, 4 or 5. Ovary 4- or 5-
celled. Berry included.

1. T. bicolor (Mill.) Cogn. Shrub "or small tree, uith scaly bark: leaf -blades
lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, S-20 cm. long, silvery beneath: panicle 1-2
dm. long: calyx about 1 mm. long: petals \Yhite, 7-8 mm. long, cuneate:
berries purple or black, the bodv 8-10 mm. long. — Pinelands and hammocks. — •
{Bah., Cuba.)

Family 2. LYTHRACEAE. Loosestrife Family.

Herbs, shrubs, or tropical trees. Leaves mostly opposite : blades
usually entire. Flowers perfect. Calyx of 4 or 5 sepals, commonly ac-
companied by accessory teeth. Corolla of 4 or 5 petals, or wanting.
Androecium of few or many stamens : anthers versatile. Gynoecium of
mostly 2-6 united carpels. Ovary 2-6-celled, or rarely 1-celled, free from
the hypanthium. Fruit a capsule, included.

Hypanthium short, becoming hemispheric or globose. 1. Ammannia.

Hypanthium elongate, becoming tubular. 2. Ltthrtjm.

1. AMMANNIA L. Leathery-succulent herbs. Leaf-blades narrow, often
auricled at the base. Flowers in axillary, sometimes 1-flowered, cymes. Sepals
4, involute, often accompanied by small teeth. Petals 4, early deciduous, or
wanting.

1. A. latifolia L. Plants 2-11 dm. tall: leaf-blades linear-oblong to linear-
lanceolate, mostly 3-7 cm. long, slightly auricled and clasping at the base:
corolla wanting: capsules 4-5 mm. in diameter. — Everglades. — F. K. {Bah.,
Cuba, Ant.)

2. LYTHRUM L. Herbs or shrubs. Leaf -blades entire. Flowers axillary
or in terminal spikes or racemes. Sepals 4-6, not involute, alternating with
spreading appendages. Petals 4-6, nearly equal.

1. L. lineare L. Stems 3-12 dm. tall: leaf-blades linear, 1-4 cm. long:
mature hypanthium about 4 mm. long, the appendages triangular, about as
long as the deltoid sepals: petals cuneate or cuneate-oblong, 4-5 mm. long:
capsules barely 4 mm. long. — Coastal sand-dunes.— F. K.

Family .3. PUNICACEAE. Pomegranate Family.

Shnibs or trees. Leaves opposite or nearly so, persistent : blades
entire. Flowers perfect, solitary or in short axillary clusters. Hypan-
thium leatherj'. Calyx of 5-7 sepals. Corolla of 5-7 wrinkled petals.
Androecium of numerous stamens in several series: anthers versatile.
Gynoecium of several united carpels. Ovary inferior. Fruit a several-
celled ben'y crowned with the calyx, the seeds in a watei'y pulp.

1. PUNICA [Tourn.] L. Leaf-blades entire. Flowers showy. Sepals
persistent on the fruit. Petals deciduous. Berry pendulous.

1. P. Granatum L. Leaf-blades oval, elliptic, or oblong, varying to broadest
above or below the middle, 1-8 cm. long: sepals triangular or triangular-

MYRTACEAE. 131

lanceolate: petals scarlet, 1.5-2.5 em. long: berries subglobose or spheroidal,
5-10 cm. in diameter. — Pinelands and hammocks. F. K. Nat. of the Orient,
and cultivated. — {Ber., Ant.) — Pomegranate.

Family 4. TERMINALIACEAE. White-mangrove Family.

Shrubs or trees, or woody vines. Leaves alternate or opposite:
blades sinii)le, leathery. Flowers regular, perfect or polygamous, race-
mose or capitate. Calyx of 4 or 5 valvate deciduous or rarely persistent
sepals. Corolla of 4 or 5 petals, or wanting. Androecium of twice, or
rarely thrice, as many stamens as the sepals. Filaments distinct. Gynoe-
cium a single carpel. Ovai-y 1-celled. Fruit drupaceous or berry-like,
indehiscent. Often crowned witli the accrescent calyx.

Petals wanting : calyx deciduous.

Flowers spicate : hypanthium terete. 1. Terminalia.

Flowers in heads : hypanthium flattened. 2. Conocakpds.

Petals 5 : calyx persistent. 3. Lagdnculakia.

1. TEKMINALIA L. Shrubs or trees. Leaves clustered near the ends
of the branches. Flowers in simple or branched spikes. Hypanthium not
ribbed. Stamens 10.

1. T. Catappa L. Shrub, or tree sometimes 17 m. tall: leaf -blades cuneate to
oblanceolate : spikes 5-15 cm. long: hypanthium and calyx 8-11 mm. long:
drupes elliptic or nearly so, glabrous. — Pinelands and old fields. Nat. of the
E. Indies, and Oceaniea, and cultivated. F. K. — (Bah., Cuba, A7it.) — Indian-
almond.

2. CONOCAEPUS L. Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate. Flowers per-
fect, in spicate or panicled heads. Hypanthium not ribbed. Stamens 5. Fruit
capitate.

1. C. erecta L. Shrub, or tree, sometimes 20 m. tall: leaf -blades elliptic to
oval, 2-5 cm. long, entire: heads 9-14 mm. in diameter at maturity: drupes
2-winged, 4-7 mm. long. — Hammocks and shores. — F. K. (Ber., Bah., Cuba,.

Ant.) — BUTTONWOOD.

3. LAGUNCULARIA Gaertn. f. Shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite.
Flowers polygamous, in simple or branched spikes. Hypanthium ribbed. Petals
mostly shorter than the sepals. Stamens 10. Fruit spicate or paniculate.

1. L. racemosa (L.) Gaertn. f. Shrub, or tree sometimes 20 m. tall: leaf-
blades leathery-succulent, oblong, varying to oval or obovate, 2-5 cm. long,
entire: spikes 3-6 cm. long: drupes oblong-obovoid, 2 cm. long. — Coastal
hammocks. — F. K. (Bah., Cuba, Ant.) — White-button wood. White-
mangrove.

Family 5. MYRTACEAE. Myrtle Fa:iiily.

Shrubs or trees, or rarely herbs, with pungent and aromatic volatile
oil. Leaves opposite, or rarely alternate or whorled : blades often simple,
pellucid-punctate, flat to terete, often with veins parallel to the margins.
Flowers perfect, regular. Calyx of 4 or 5, or many, persistent sepals or
cup-like and deciduous. Corolla borne on the margin of a hypanthium, or
wanting. Androecium of numerous stamens, or rarely of as manj^ as the
sepals. Gynoecium compound. Ovary inferior or partly so, l-manj^-
celled. Fruit usually fleshy, sometimes dehiscent, often crowned with the
calyx.

132 MYETACEAE.

Calyx of several persistent valvate sepals : petals present.
Calyx of regularly separating sepals.

Inflorescence centripetal : flowers in raceme-like umbel-
like or contracted clusters. 1. Eugenia.
Inflorescence centrifugal : flowers in cymes. 2. Axamomis.
Calyx of irregularly separating sepals. 3. Psidicm.
Calyx lid-like, deciduous : petals wanting. 4. Calyptiianthes.

1. EUGENIA [Mich.] L. Shrubs or trees. Leaf -blades not prominetly
ribbed. Flower-clusters short-peduncled or sessile. Berry crowned with the
persistent calyx. Seeds 1-4.— Stopper.

Flowera in very short racemes.

Leaf-blades broadest above the middle: fruits longer than wide. 1. E.biixifolia.

Leaf-blades broadest below the middle : fruits wider than long. 2. E. axillaris.
Flowers solitary in the axils or in umble-like clusters. 3. E. confusu.

1. E. buxifolia (Sw.) Willd. Shrub or small tree, the bark scaly: leaf -blades
cuneate to nearly oblong, 2-4 cm. long, much paler beneath than above: corolla
4-1-5 mm. broad; petals longer than wide: fruits oval or oblong-oval, 6-7 mm.
broad, black. — Hammocks. — F. K. {Bah., Cuba, Ant.) — Spanish-stopper.

2. E. axillaris (Sw.) Willd. Shrub or small tree, the bark fissured: leaf-blades
elliptic-ovate to nearly elliptic, 3-5 cm. long, slightly paler beneath than above:
corolla 5-6 mm. broad; petals mostly wider than long: fruits spheroidal, 10-12
mm. broad, black. [E. monticola Chapm. Not Sw.] — Hammocks. — F, K.
(Ber., Bah., Cuha, Ant.) — White-stopper.

3. E. confusa DC. Tree, the bark scaly: leaf -blades ovate, oval-ovate, or
oblong-ovate, 3-5 cm. long, markedly acuminate: corolla 4-6 mm. broad; petals
about twice as long as the sepals: fruits subglobose or globose-obovoid, 5-6
mm. broad, scarlet. [-B. Garberi Sarg.] — Hammocks. — F. K. {Bah., Ant.) —
Iroxwood.

2. ANAMOMIS Griseb. Shrubs or trees. Leaf -blades not ribbed. Cymes
sessile or long-peduucled, sometimes 1-flowered. Berry crowned with the per-
sistent calyx. Seeds 1 or 2 or many. — Naked-stopper. Nakedwood.

Cymes markedly peduncled and several-flowered : sepals suborbicular or reniform :
petals .3-4 mm. long: seeds 1 or 2, large. 1. A. dicrana.

Cymes usually sessile and 1-flowered: sepals oblong to ovate: petals

6-8 mm. long : seeds numerous, small, shining. 2. A. longipea.

1. A. dicrana (Berg) Britton. Shrub, or tree becoming 8 m. tall: leaf-blades
oblong to cuneate or obovate-euneate, 2-4 cm. long: terminal flowers of each
cyme sessile: corolla 8-9 mm. wide; petals white, fully twice as long as the
sepals: fruits 6-7 mm. in diameter: seeds dull. [Anamomis dichotoma Sarg.]
Hammocks. — F, K. — Naked- stopper.

2. A. longipes (Berg) Britton. Shrub with prostrate-diffuse or sometimes
erect stems, or rarely a small tree: leaf -blades mainly ovate or oval, 1-3.5 cm.
long, finely reticulate: terminal flower of each cyme long-stalked: corolla 12-14
mm. wide; petals white or pink, much longer than the sepals: fruits 6-9 mm.
in diameter. [Eugenia longipes Berg.] Pinelands. — F. K. {Bah.) — Long-
stalked stopper.

3. PSIDIUM L. Shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades prominently many-ribbed.
Flowers solitary or few together. Fruit crowned with the persistent calyx.
Seeds very numerous.

1. P. Guajava Eaddi. Shrub, or tree sometimes 8 m. tall: leaf-blades oblong
or nearly so, 4-8 cm. long, pubescent beneath: sepals 9-15 mm. long: petals
1.5-20 mm. long: V^erries globular or pyriform, 3-6 cm. in diameter. — Hammocks,
pinelands, waste places, and cultivated grounds. Nat. of Trop. Am., and culti-
vated. F. K. {Ber., Bah., Cuba, Ant.) — Guava.

EPILOBIACEAE. 133

■i. CALYPTRANTHES Sw. Shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades not ribbed.
Flowers in teriiiiiial panicles. Calyx cap-like, deciduous. Berry crowned with
the top of the hypanthium. Seeds 1 or 2. [Chytraculia P. Br.] — Stopper.

Calyx-lid not mamraillate : hypanthium pubescent: leaf-blades manifestly petioled.

1. C. pallens.
Calyx-Iid mammillate : hypanthium glabrous : leaf-blades sessile or

nearly so. -■ G. Zuzygium.

1. C. pallens (Poir.) Griseb. A shrub, or tree becoming 9 m. tall, the bark
light-gray or nearly white, smooth or ultimately scaly, the branchlets 2-edged:
leaf-blades ellipticor oval, varying to broader above or below the middle, 3-5
cm. long, or rarely larger, mostly short-acuminate, pubescent beneath, at least
when young, manifestly petioled: inflorescence pubescent: hypanthium about
2 mm. wide in anthesis: calyx pubescent, less than 2 mm. in diameter: fruits
subglobose or oval, 5-7 mm. in diameter, pubescent: seeds about 4 mm. long.
—Hammocks.— F. K. (Bah., Cuba, J?it.)— Spicewood.

2. C. Zuzygium (L.) Sw. A shrub, or tree becoming 12 m. tall, the bark pale-
gray, smooth, the branchlets terete: leaf -blades oval or elliptic, varying to
ovate or obovate, 4-6 cm. long, obtuse or abruptly blunt-tipped, glabrous,
sessile or nearly so: inflorescence glabrous: hypanthium about 4 mm. wide in
anthesis: calyx glabrous 3.5-4 mm. wide: fruits subglobose or spheroidal, 8-10
mm. in diameter, glabrous: seeds about 5 mm. long. — Hammocks. — (Bah.,
Cuba, Ant.) — Myrtle-of-the-river.

Family 6. RHIZOPHORACEAE. Mangrove Family.

Shrubs or trees. Leaves usually opposite: blades entire or toothed.
Flowers perfect, solitaiy or variously clustered. Calyx of 3 or 4 valvate
sepals. Corolla of 3 or 4 thick petals. Androecium of twice or thrice as
many stamens as sepals, or of 4 times as many. Gynoecium of 2-5 united
carpels. Ovary inferior, at least partly so. Stjdes mostly united. Fruit
a leathery berry crowned with or surrounded by the calyx.

1. RHIZOPHORA L. Evergreen trees. Leaf-blades leathery. Flowers
2-several in peduncled clusters. Sepals 4, leathery. Petals 4, leathery.
Stamens 4-12. Ovary 2-celled, produced into a fleshy cone at maturity. Fruit
pendulous, the seed germinating and sending out a long radicle before the
fruit falls.

1. R. Mangle L. Shrub, or tree becoming 10 m. tall, forming impenetrable
thickets on salt or brackish shores: leaf -blades elliptic to elliptic-obovate, 5-15
cm. long: sepals lanceolate, about 10 mm. long: petals pale-yellow, linear or
nearly so: fruits 2-3 cm. long, the precocious radicle clavate. — Salt and brack-
ish shores and coastal hammocks. — F. K. {Ber., Bah., Ciiba, Ant.) — Mangrove.

Family 7. EPILOBIACEAE. Evexixg-primrose Family.

Herbs or rarely shrubs. Leaves alternate or opposite : blades simple.
Flowers typically perfect. Hypanthium often elongate. Calyx of 2-6,
usually 4, sepals. Corolla of 2-9, usually 4, petals, or rarely wanting.
Androecium of as many stamens as the sepals or tw-ice as many. Gynoe-
cium of several, usually 4, united carpels. Ovary 1-6-celled, usually 4-
celled, inferior. Fruit capsular or nut-like.

Fruit a many-seeded capsule.

Hypanthium not prolonged beyond the ovary.
Stamens 4, in 1 row.

134 EPILOBIACEAE.

Leaves opposite : creeping or floating plants. 1. Isnardia.

Leaves alternate : erect or ascending plants. 2. Ludwigia.

Stamens 8, in 2 rows. 3. Jdssiaea.

Hypanthium prolonged beyond the ovary. 4. Raimannia.

Fruit nut-like, indeliiscent. 5. Gauea.

1. ISNARDIA L. Perennial succulent herbs. Leaf -blades relatively wide.
Flowers axillary. Sepals 4, broad. Petals minute, reddish to greenish, or
wanting. Filaments very short. Ovary short. Style wanting or nearly so.
Capsule obovoid or turbinate.

1. I. repens (Sw.) DC. Leaf-blades ovate, elliptic, or oval, 1-3 cm. long:
hj'panthium obpyramidal: sepals ovate-lanceolate: petals as long as the sepals
or wanting: capsules obpyramidal. [I. natans (Ell.) Small.] — Lime-sinks in
hammocks. — {Ber., Bali., Cuba, Ant.) — Marsh-purslane.

2. LUDWIGIA L. Annual or perennial herbs. Leaf-blades entire or
rarely shallowly toothed. Flowers axillary or terminal. Sepals generally per-
sistent. Petals usually 4. Ovary usually 4-celled. Capsule cylindric or pris-
matic to subglobose.

Corolla inconspicuous, obsolete or wanting : capsule opening by valves separating
from the disk-like top.
Upper stem-leaves with spatulate blades : capsule less than 3 mm. high : anthers
nearly 0.5 mm. long or less.
Leaf-blades entire : mature sepals orbicular-ovate. 1. L. microcarpa.

Leaf-blades toothed at the apes : mature sepals lanceolate
or triangular-lanceolate.
Leaf-blades broadly spatulate : sepals much shorter than

the hypanthium. 2. L. Simpsonii.

Leaf-blades narrowly spatulate : sepals about as long

as the hypanthium. 3. L. Curtissii.

Upper stem leaves with linear-lanceolate or linear blades :

anthers nearly 1 mm. long. 4. L. lanceolata.

Corolla conspicuous : flowers pedicelled : capsule opening by a

terminal pore. 5. L. maritima.

1. L. microcarpa Michx. Plants low or depressed: leaf-blades spatulate or
obovate-spatulate, 0.5-3 cm. long: sepals triangular: petals wanting: capsules
broa<lly obpyramidal, 1.5-2 mm. long. — Hammocks and everglades. F. K.
{Ball., Ant.)

2. L. Simpsonii Chapm. Plants weak, often decumbent: leaf-blades 1-2.5 cm.
long: sepals triangular: petals wanting: capsules broadly turbinate, about 2
mm. long. — Hammocks.

3. L. Curtissii Chapm. Plants erect or ascending: leaf-blades 1-2 cm. long:
sepals lanceolate or triangular-lanceolate: petals wanting: capsules turbinate,
2-2.5 mm. long. — Everglades.

4. L. lanceolata Ell. Plants 3-9 dm. tall, the stem angled or sometimes
winged: leaf-blades linear-oblanceolate to linear-lanceolate or linear, 2-10 cm.
long: sepals very broad, acute: petals wanting: capsules 4-5 mm. long, the
angles margined. — Everglades.

5. L. maritima Harper. Plants fastigiately branched, glabrous or nearly so:
leaf-blades linear to lanceolate: sepals 3-4 times as long as the hypanthium,
permanently reflexed: capsules very slightly winged on the angles. — Pinelands.

3. JUSSIAEA L. Perennial herbs or partially woody plants. Leaf-blades
usually entire. Flowers axillary. Sepals 4-6, persistent. Petals 4-6, white or
yellow, or rarely none. Stamens 8-12. Ovary 4-6-celled. Capsule linear,
oblong or clavate.

1. J. peruviana L. Stems 1-4 m. tall, hirsute: leaf -blades ovate, oval, lanceo-
late, or oblong-lanceolate, 4-10 cm. long, or more: hypanthium hirsute: sepals

GUNNEEACEAE. 135

lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, 10-15 mm. long: petals 2-3 cm. long: capsule-
body oblong-obovoid, slightly longer than the base. — Everglades and banks of
streams. — {Cuba, A7it.)

4. RAIMANNIA Rose. Annual, biennial, or perennial herbs. Leaf-
blades sinuate or pinnatifid. Flowers axillary, sometimes aggregated in a
spike, nocturnal. I'etals yellow. Ovary slender. Capsule narrowly cylindric,
or rarely slightly tapering. Seeds tubercled.

1. R. humifusa (Nutt.) Eose. Branches silky-canescent : blades of the cauline
leaves oblanceolate to lanceolate, undulate, repand or toothed: sepals about i
as long as the hypanthlum: petals 8-13 cm. long: capsules 3-3.5 mm. in
diameter. [Oenothera humifusa Nutt.] — Coastal sand-dunes. — F. K. {Ber.)

EVENIXG-PRIMROSE.

5. GAUHA L. Annual, biennial, or perennial herbs. Leaf-blades entire,
toothed, or pinnatifid. Flowers spicate or racemose. Hypanthium narrow,
somewhat prolonged beyond the ovary. Petals unequal, with clawed blades.
Stamens 8, declined. Style declined. Stigma 4-lobed, surrounded by a cup-
like border. Fruit ribbed or angled.

1. G. simulans Small. Stems 9-20 dm. tall, loosely pubescent below : blades of
the stem-leaves oblanceolate or narrowly spatulate to lanceolate or linear-
lanceolate, 2-12 cm. long, pinnatifid to sharply toothed: sepals broadly linear,
rather obtuse: petals pinkish, 4.5-5 mm. long: fruits, 8-10 mm. long, glabrous.
• — Pinelands and coastal sand-dunes.

Family 8. GUNNERACEAE. Water-milfoil Family.

Perennial, or rarely annual, aquatic or amphibious herbs. Leaves
alternate to whorled: blades entire to dissected, often of 2 kinds on the
same plant. Flowers perfect or monoecious. Calyx of 2-4 sepals.
Corolla of 2-5 small petals, or wanting. Androecium of 1-8 relatively
large stamens. Gynoecium of 1 or of 2-4, sometimes united, carpels.
Ovary inferior. Stigmas 1-4.

1. PROSERPINACA L. Herbs with creeping stems. Leaves alternate:
blades toothed or pectinate-pinnatifid, the lower ones the more finely dissected.
Flowers perfect, axillary. Sepals persistent. Petals wanting. Fruits angled
or winged, sessile.

1. P. platycarpa Small. Leaves various, those on the lower part of the stem
with coarsely serrate or pectinate blades, those on the upper part of the plant
merely serrate; blades oblong, elliptic, or slightly broadened upward: sepals
deltoid or ovate-deltoid, barely 1 mm. long: fruits 4-5 mm. wide, constricted
above the middle, the angles thus abruptly dilated. — Lime-sinks in hammocks
and pinelands. — (Bah., Cuha.) — Mermaid-weed.

Order AM]VnALES.

Herbs, shrubs, ti'ees, or vines. Leaves alternate or opposite : blades
simple or compound. Flowers jierfeet, polygamous, or dioecious, often
borne in umbels. Calyx of typically 5 small petals, surmounting the
hypanthium. Corolla typically of 5 petals, or wanting. Androecium of
as many stamens as the sepals. Gynoecium 2-carpelhuy, or rarely several-

136 AMMIACEAE.

carpellary or 1-carpellaiy. Ovaiy inferior. Fruit drupaceous or baccate,
or dry aud then a ci'emocarp,

FA3IILY 1. AMMIACEAE. Carrot Fa^iily.

Herbs with hollow stems. Leaves typically alternate : blades dis-
sected, or sometimes merely toothed, or entire. Flowers perfect or polyg-
amous, imibellate. Calyx of 5 tooth-like sepals, or obsolete. Corolla of
5 petals. Androecium of 5 stamens. Gynoecium of 2 united carpels,
often with a stylopodium. Fruit dry, a cremocarp, the ribbed or winged
carpels separating at maturity.

Fruits with obscure or obsolete oil-tubes.

Involucre wanting : fruits without secondary ribs or reticulations.

1. Hydrocotylb.
Involucre conspicuous : fruits with secondary ribs and

reticulations. 2. Centella.

Fruits with distinct oil-tubes.

Inflorescence glomerate, the flowers aggregated into dense

heads. 3. Ekyngium.

Inflorescence manifestly umbellate.

Fruits flattened laterally, the carpels wingless. 4. Ptilimnium.

Fruits flattened dorsally, the carpels winged. 5. Oxypolis.

1. HYDROCOTYLB [Toiirn.] L. Perennial amphibious herbs. Leaves
solitary at each node. Umbels simple or proliferous. Sepals manifest. Petals
valvate. Carpels with distinct ribs, and oil-bearing tissues beneath the epi-
"lermis. — Marsh-pennywort. "Wateb-penxywort.

Flowers, and fruits very short-pedicelled or sessile, in remote clusters along the

rachis : fruits rounded or truncate at the base and the apex. 1. //. vcriicillaia.

Flowers, and fruits slender-pedicelled : in terminal umbels:

fruits notched at the base and the apex. 2. H. vmbcllata.

1. H. verticillata Thunb. Leaf-blades suborbicular to oval, 1-6 cm. wide,
shallowlv creiiate: pedicels very short or wanting: fruits 3-4 mm. wide, with
slender ribs. — Everglades and shore-hammocks. — (Ber., Bah., Ant.)

2. H. umbellata L. Leaf-blades suborbicular, 2-5 cm. wide, erenate or crenate-
lol'cd: pedicels slender, 4-12 mm. long: fruits about 3 mm. wide, with corky-
thickened ribs. — Everglades and low pinelands. — {Cuba, Ant.)

2. CENTELLA L. Perennial amphibious jilants. Leaves clustered at
the nodes. Umbels capitate. Sepals obsolete. Petals imbricate. Carpels
without large oil-tubes, the prominent ribs anastomosing.

1. C. repanda (Pers.) Small. Leaves clustered; petioles erect, 9-30 cm. long
(aVjout 2..5 cm. long, and with larger fruit, in C. repanda floridana) ; blades
thickish, ovate, 2-6 cm. long, repand, cordate or nearly truncate at the base:
peduncles usually several together, mostly shorter than the petioles: umbels
2-4-flowered: fruits 4-5 mm. wide. — Everglades. — {Ber., Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

3. ERYNGIUM [Tourn.] L. Biennial or perennial herbs. Leaf-blades
spiny-toothed, lobed or incised or rarely entire. Bracts of the involucre often
colored, otherwise often resembling the leaves. Sepals acute or spine-like.
Petals 5, each prolonged into an infle.xed tip. Carpels with obsolete ribs and
5 oil-tubes. — Eryxgo. Button-snakeroot.

Leaf-blades not parallel-veined.

Basal leaves with entire or toothed blades. 1. E. liahUrinii.

Basal leaves with pinnatlfld or pinnatoly parted blades. 2. E. arnninticum.

Leaf-blades parallel-veined. 3. E. synchaetum.

AMMIACEAE.

137

1. E. Baldwinii Spreiis. Plants prostrate: blades of the basal leaves oblong
varying to broadest above or below the middle, 2-9 cm. long: heads ovoid to
cylindric: bracts of the involucres subulate. — Everglades.

2. E. aromaticum Baldw. Plants ultimately diffuse, the Inauches 1-G dm.
long: blades of the lower leaves spatulate in outline, pinnatilid or pinnately
parted, 3-4 cm. long, pale-margined: heads becoming 8-10 mm. long: sepals
lanceolate, 2-2.3 mm. long, acuminate: petals fully 1.5 mm. long: fruits
granular, 1.5-2 mm. long, or rarely smaller. — Pinelands.

3. E. syiichaetum (A. Gray) Rose. Plants 3-9 dm. tall: blades of the lower
leaves narrowly linear, usually pliable: sepals broadly ovate to deltoid-ovate,
1.5-1.8 mm. long: petals less than 2 mm. long: fruits 2-2.5 mm. long. —
Pinelands.

i. PTILIMNIUM Eaf. Annual herbs. Leaf-blades pinnately or ternately
dissected, the segments very narrow. Umbels compound. Involucres and in-
volucels of slender, often dissected, bracts and bractlets. Sepals obsolete.
Petals white. Fruit slightly longer than wide: carpels with the dorsal an<l
contiguous ribs prominent and the lateral ones thick and corky, between each
of which is an oil-tube.

1. P. capillaceum (Michx.) Ilollick. Plants 2-8 dm. tall: leaf-segments rela-
tivelv few and lax: umbel-rays few to several, less than 2.5 cm. long at
maturity: bracts lobed: petals less than 1 mm. long: stylopodium didymous in
anthesis: fruits ovoid, about 2 mm. long, acute.— Hammocks and everglades,—
Bishop 's-AVEED.

5. OXYPOLIS Eaf. Perennial herbs. Leaf-blades pinnate or ternate, or
rarely reduced to hollow septate phyllodia. Umbels compound. Sepals acute.
Petals white. Fruit longer than broad, dorsally flattened: carpels with the
dorsal and contiguous ribs thin, and winged lateral ribs, the latter nerved near
the inner part of the wing: oil-tubes solitary in the intervals and 2-6 in the
inner face.

1. O. filiformis (Walt.) Britton. Plants 5-18 dm. tall: phyllodia 3-60 cm.
long: fruits oblong-oval or oval-obovate, 5-6 cm. long, broadly winged.—
Everglades. — F. K.

Series 2. GAMOPETALAE.

Petals more or less united, or occasionally distinct, or very rarely
wanting.

Order ERICALES.
Herbs, undershrnbs, shrubs, or trees, sometimes humus-plants or
saprophytes. Leaves alternate, often evergreen: blades simple. Flowers
mainly perfect and complete. Calyx of 2-8, usually 5 partially united
sepals. Corolla of 2-8, usually o, mostly united petals. Androecium of
as many or twice as many stamens as petals, sometimes partially reduced
to staminodia: filaments mostly free. Gynoeciura of several united carpels.
Fniit capsular, baccate, or drupaceous.

Ovarv superior: fruit capsular. ,^'''"- o' '^"i^^-^'^^-^^- „

Ovary interior: fruits baccate or drupaceous. tarn. 2. v acciniaceab.

138 VACCINIACEAE.

Family 1. ERICACEAE. Heath Family.

Shrubs, trees, or iindershiiibs. Leaves often persistent : blades com-
monly leathery. Flowers typically perfect. Calyx of 4-7 distinct or
partially united sepals. Corolla of 4-7 distinct or partially united petals,
sometimes slightly 2-lipped. Androecium of as many or twice as many
stamens as there are petals : anthers opening by pores, chinks, or valves.
Gj'noecium of 2-7 united carpels. Fruit a capsule.

1. XOLISMA Eaf. Evergreen or deciduous-leaved shrubs or trees. Leaf-
blades entire or nearly so. Flowers in racemes, panicles, or clusters. Calyx-
lobes typically 5. Corolla subglobose or urceolate. Filaments unappendaged:
anthers awnless. Capsule with thick valve-margins.

1. X. fruticosa (Michx.) Nash. Evergreen shrub 1-3 m. tall: leaves much
reduced toward the ends of the branches; blades oval, obovate, or oblanceolate,
reticulate: corolla 3.5-5 mm. long, rounded at the base: capsules 4-4.5 mm.
long. — Hammocks and pinelands.

Family 2. VACCINIACEAE. Huckleberry Family.

Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate : blades simple. Flowers perfect,
regulai', solitaiy or variously clustered, di'ooping. Calyx of 4 or 5 sepals.
Corolla of 4 or 5 usually i^artially united j^etals. Androecium of twice
as manj' stamens as there are corolla-lobes. Gynoecium of several united
carpels, the ovary wholly or partly inferior. Fruit a berry or a drupe.

1. VACCINIUM L. Shrubs or small trees. Leaves mostly deciduous:
blades entire or slightly toothed. Flowers in racemes or clusters. Sepals 5.
Corolla ovoid, cylindraceous or campanulate-oblong. Stamens included: anthers
tubular at the apex, unappendaged. Berry globular, Vilue or black.

1. V. Myrsinites Lam. Plant 3-6 dm. tall, bright-green : leaf-blades obovate to
elliptic, 6-12 mm. long, glandular-toothed: sepals obtuse: corolla 4-6 mm.
long: berries 4-5 mm. long, black. — Pinelands. — Blueberry.

Order PRIMULALES.

Herbs, shrubs, trees, or vines. Leaves alternate or opposite, some-
times all basal. Flowers perfect or polygamo-dioecious, variously dis-
posed. Calyx of several partially united sepals. Corolla of 2-several dis-
tinct or partially united petals. Androecium of as many stamens as there
are sepals, or petals, and sometimes accompanied by staminodia. Gynoe-
cium of 4-6 united carpels, or rarely more. Fruit capsular or drupaceous,
or rarely an achene or utricle.

Styles distinct: fruit an achene or utricle: ovule 1. Fam. 1. Armeriaceak.

Styles united : fruit capsular or drupe-like : ovules
several.
Herbs : ovules or seeds not immersed : fruit capsular. Fam. 2. Piumulaceae.
Shrubs or trees : ovules or seeds immersed : fruit
drupe-like.
Staminodia at the sinuses of the corolla-lobes :

fruit containinK few or many seeds. Fam. 3. Theophrastaceae.

Staminodia wanting: fruit containing a single

seed. Fam. 4. Ardisiaceae.

THEOPHRASTACEAE. 139

Family 1. ARMERIACEAE. Plumbago Family.

Perennial oi* rareh' annual herl)s, or shrubby plants, or vines. Leaves
alternate, the bases dilated or clasping: blades entire. Flowers perfect,
in heads, spikes, or cymes. Calyx of 4 or 5 partially united sepals, the
tube ribbed. Corolla of 4 or 5 petals, the claws distinct or united.
Androcciuni of 4 or 5 stamens opposite the petals. Gynoecium of 4 or 5
united carpels. Styles or stigmas distinct. Fruit an achene or a utricle.

1. LIMONIUM [Tourn.] Hill. Shrubby herbs with short leafy caudices
and nearly naked flower-stems. Flowers in compound cymes. Calyx funnel-
form, the limb searious and plicate. Corolla funnelform.

1. L. brasiliense (Boiss.) Small. Leaf-blades oblong, 6-12 cm. long, rounded
or retuse at the apex: flower-stems 2-5 dm. tall: bracts oval, obtuse: calyx
about 3-4 mm. long; lobes round-ovate: corolla white. — Coastal sand-dunes. —
F. K. — Sea-l.wendar. Marsh-rosemary.

Family 2. PRIMULACEAE. Primrose Family.

Herbs, various in habit. Leaves alternate, opposite, or wliorled,
sometimes all basal : blades entire, toothed, or rarely dissected. Flowei"s
perfect. Calyx of 4—9 partially united sepals, commonly persistent.
Corolla of 4-9 partially united petals, or rarely wanting. Androecium
of as many stamens as there are sepals and alternate with them, some-
times with staminodia. Gynoecium a single pistil, with a central placentae :
style single. Fruit a 1-eelled, 2-8-valved capsule.

Staminodia present : corolla-lolies longer than the tube. 1. Samolus.

Staminodia wanting : corolla-lobes shorter than the tube. 2. Samodia.

1. SAMOLUS [Tourn.] L. Caulescent herbs. Leaves alternate: blades
entire. Flowers in simple or branched, sessile or nearly sessile racemes.
Calyx perigynous: lobes 5. Corolla perigynous: lobes 5, with staminodia at
the sinuses. Stamens 5 : filaments very short, adnate to the base of the very
short corolla-tube. Ovary and capsule i inferior.

1. S. floribundus TI.B.K. Plants glabrous, 1-6 dm. tall: leaf-blades spatulate
to oval or ovate, nearly 3-15 cm. long: sepals ovate or triangular-ovate, barely
1 mm. long, acute: corolla white, 3 mm. wide; lobes oblong: capsules 2.5-3
mm. in diameter. — Everglades. — F. K. (Bah., Cuba.) — Water-pimperxel.
Brookweed.

2. SAMODIA Baudo. Caulescent herbs, of low grounds. Leaves alter-
nate: blades entire. Flowers in simple or branched long-peduncled racemes.
Calyx perigynous: lobes 5. Corolla white or pink, perigynous, without stami-
nodia: lobes 5. Stamens 5: filaments adnate to above the middle of the
relatively long corolla-tube. Ovary and capsules A inferior.

1. S. ebracteata (H.B.K.) Baudo. Plant 1-3 dm. tall: leaf -blades spatulate
or obovate, 3-10 cm. long, obtuse or apiculate: corolla 6-7 mm. wide; lobes
more or less retuse at the apex. [Samolns ehracteatus H.B.K.] — Low pine-
lands.— F. K. {Bah., Cuba.)

Family 3. THEOPHRASTACEAE. Joewood Family.

Shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite, persistent : blades leathery, entii'e.
Flowers perfect, in racemes, corymbs, or panicles. Calyx of 5 imbricate

140 AEDISIACEAE.

sepals. Corolla of 5 partially united petals, eampanulate or rotate-
salverfoiTD. Androecium of 5 stamens partially adnate to the corolla-
tube, and 5 staminodia. Gynoeeium of 5 united carpels. Fmit a drupe-
like beny.

1. JACQUINIA L. Plants M-ith brittle twigs. Leaf-blades entire, thick
and parchment-like -uhen dry. Fruits erect.

1. J. keyensis Mez. Shrub, or tree becoming 5 m. tall, the bark pale, the twigs
erect: leaf -blades cuneate-spatulate or oblong-obovate, 1-5 cm. long, shining:
calyx-lobes 2-3 mm. long, orbicular-ovate: corolla straw-colored; lobes longer
than the tube: staminodia oblong, erose: berry subglobose, 8-10 mm. in
diameter. — Hammocks. — F. K. (Bah., Cuba, Ant.) — Joewood.

Family 4. AEDISIACEAE. Myrsine Family.

Sbi-ubs or trees. Leaves mostly alternate, ours persistent: blades
leatbei-y, entire. Flowers perfect or polygamo-dioecious, in racemes,
cor^-mbs, or cymes, sometimes clustered on scaly spurs. Calyx of usually
4-6 sepals. Corolla of usually 4-6 partially united petals, short-salver-
foi-m or rotate, often streaked or dotted. Androecium of mostly 4-6
stamens, partially adnate to the corolla-tube. G3^noecium of mostly 4-6
united carpels. Fruit a drupe-like berry.

Flowers on scattered spurs: corolla-lobes not reflexed : stigma lobed. 1. Rapanea.
Flowers in terminal panicles : corolla-lobes reflexed : stigma entire. 2. Icacorea.

1. KAPANEA Aubl. Shrubs or small trees. Flowers inconspicuous, clus-
tered on scaly spurs, stout-pedicelled. Corolla white or nearly so : lobes ascend-
ing or spreading. Stamens with ascending or spreading anthers. Style very
short: stigma lobed.

1. R. guyanensis Aubl. Shrub or small tree, with grayish bark: leaves mostly
near the ends of the branchlets; blades obovate-oblong or nearly oblong, 4-10
cm. long: flower-clusters scattered along the branchlets: sepals broadly ovate:
corolla-lobes oblong, unequal: fruit about 4 mm. in diameter. — Hammocks and
pinelands. — F. K. {Bah., Cuba, Ant.) — Myrsine.

2. ICACOREA Aubl. Shrubs or trees. Flowers conspicuous, in panicles,
cymes, or clusters, slender-pedieelled. Corolla Avhite or pink: lobes recurved.
Stamens with converging anthers. Style elongate: stigma minute, entire.

1. I. paniculata (Nutt.) Sudw. Shrub or small tree, with white bark: leaves
scattered; blades oblanceolate to elliptic, 4-18 cm. long: panicles terminal:
calyx-lobes ovate to obovate: corolla-lobes oblong: fruit 7-8 mm. in diameter.
— Hammocks and pinelands. — F. K. (Bah., Cuba.) — Marlberry. Cheery.

Order EBENALES.

Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, opposite, or whorled: blades
simple. Flowers i:)erfect, monoecious, or dioecious. Calyx of 3-12 par-
tially united sepals. Corolla of 3-12 partially united petals. Androecium
of as many stamens as there are corolla-lobes, or twice as many or more,
sometimes accompanied by staminodia. Gynoeeium of 3-several united
carpels. Fruit cap.sular or baccate.

Styles or stigmas distinct : flowers mostly monoecious or dioecious.

Fam. 1. Rbenapeah.
Styles and stigmas united : flowers mostly perfect. Fam. 2. Sapotaceae.

SAPOTACEAE. 141

Family 1. EBENACEAE. Ebony Family.

Shrubs or trees. Leaves mostly alternate: blades entire. Flowers
solitaiy or in cymes. Calyx of 3-7 partially united sepals, pei*sistent,
accrescent. Corolla of 3-7 partialh' united petals, often urecolate. An-
droecium of 3 or 4 times as many stamens as there are corolla-lobes.
Gynoecium of 3-several united carpels. Fruit a beriy, or sometimes
capsular.

1. DIOSPYROS L. Shrubs or trees. Leaves scattered: blades entire.
Calyx 3-7-lobed. Stamens with pubescent filaments and anthers opening
lengthwise. Berry spheroidal or elongate.

1. D. virginiana L. Shrub, or tree becoming 35 m. tall, the bark very rough:
leaf -blades ovate, oval, or elliptic, 8-20 cm. long, acute or acuminate: corolla
8-13 mm. long; lolies reniform: berries 3-4 cm. in diameter, astringent when
green. — Everglades and coastal sand-dunes. — Persimmon. Date-plum. Simmon.

Family 2. SAPOTACEAE. Sapodilla Family.

Shrubs or trees, with milky sap, sometimes thorny. Leaves mostly
alternate : blades entire. Flowers perfect or rarely polygamous, clustered.
Calyx of 4—12, slightly united, sepals. Corolla of 4—12 partially united
petals, with or without appendages at the sinuses. Androecium of usually
as many stamens as there are corolla-lobes, commonly accomiDanied by
staminodia. Gynoecium of several united carpels. Fruit a several-celled
berry, or by suppression 1-celled.

staminodia wanting. 1. Chrysophtllum.

Staminodia present.

Ovary 10-12-celled. 2. Sapota.

Ovary 2-5-celIed.

Corolla-lobes entire. 3. Sideeoxylox.

Corolla-lobes with a large middle lobe and 2 smaller
lateral lobes.
Ovary glabrous : endosperm copious. 4. Dipholis.

Ovary pubescent : endosperm wanting or scant. 5. Bumelia.

1. CHRYSOPHYLLUM L. Shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades commonly
lustrous-pubescent beneath. Calyx-lobes mostly 5. Corolla, like the calyx,
often pubescent : lobes mostly 5, entire. Anthers emarginate and apiculate.
Style wanting. Stigma lobed.

1. C. olivaeforme L. Evergreen tree becoming 10 m. tall, the twigs closely
pubescent : leaf-blades leathery, oblong, elliptic, or oval, 3-10 cm. long, lus-
trous-pubescent beneath: calyx-lobes suborbicular, 1.5 mm. long: corolla white,
about 5 mm. wide; lobes suborbicular: berries oval, about 2 cm. long, dark-
purple. [C monopyrenum Sw.] — Hammocks. — F. K. {Bah., Cuba, Ant.) —
Satinleaf.

2. SAPOTA Mill. Trees. Leaf-blades glabrous. Calyx-lobes 6, or rarely
5, pubescent. Corolla glabrous: lobes 6, or rarely 5, toothed. Anthers blunt.
Staminodia nearly as long as the corolla-lobes. Style elongate: stigma minute.
Berry spheroidal, rough.

1. S. Achras Mill. Tree with rusty-tomentose twigs: leaves and flowers ap-
proximately at the ends of the branchlets; blades oblong to elliptic, %-arying to
broadest above or below the middle, 5-12 cm. long: pedicels rusty-tomentose,
about as long as the petioles: calyx-lobes 8-10 mm. long: corolla 8-10 mm.

] 42 OLEACEAE.

long; lobes about A as long as the tube: berries 4-8 cm. in diameter. — Ham-
mocks and cultivated grounds. Xat. of the West Indies, and cultivated. — F, K.
{Ball., Cuba, Ant.) — Sapodilla.

3. SIDEROXYLON [Dill.] L. Shrubs or trees. Leaf -blades not lustrous-
pubescent. Calyx-lobes 5-6. Corolla glabrous: lobes 5-6, entire. Anthers
notched. Staminodia much shorter than the corolla-lobes. Style columnar:
stigma truncate.

1. S. foetidissimum Jacq. Evergreen tree becoming 25 m. tall: leaf-blades
thin-leathery, oblong to oval or rarely ovate, 4-15 cm. long, glabrous at
maturity: calyx-lobes suborbieular, about 2 mm. long: corolla light-yellow, 6-7
mm. wide; lobes oblong to ovate-oblong: staminodia lanceolate: drupes oval,
2-2.5 cm. long, yellow. [S. mastichodendron Jacq.] — Hammocks. — F. K.
{Bah., Cuba, Ant.) — Mastic. Wild-olive.

4. DIPHOLIS A. DC. Shrubs or small trees. Leaf-blades mostly gla-
brous. Calyx-lobes 5, pubescent. Corolla-lobes 5, each 3-lobed, shorter than
the tube. Staminodia petaloid. Endosperm copious.

1. D, salicifolia (L.) A. DC. Evergreen tree becoming 16 m. tall: leaf-blades
elliptic to elliptic-oblanceolate, 5-12 cm. long: calyx-lobes ovate to oblong, 1.5
mm. long : corolla 4 mm. wide ; lobes oblong or oval : staminodia ovate to ovate-
lanceolate, laciniate-toothed : berries oval or subglobose, about 8 mm. in diam-
eter, black. — Hammocks.— F. K. {Bali., Cuba, Ant.) — BusTic. Cassada.

5. BUMELIA Sw. Shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades mostly pubescent be-
neath. Calyx-lobes 5. Corolla-lobes 5, each 3-lobed, the middle lobe subor-
bieular, longer than the tube. Staminodia petaloid. Endosperm wanting or
very scant.

1. B. reclinata Yent. Evergreen shrub, the twigs becoming glabrous: leaf-
blades spatulate, oblanceolate. or rarely oblong-obovate, 1-3.5 cm. long, cob-
webby-pubescent beneath: calj'x-lobes suborbieular, about 1.5 mm. long: corolla
about 2.5 mm. wide: staminodia 1.5 mm. long, erose: berries oblong, 8-9 mm.
long. — Everglades, pinelands, and hammocks. — Buckthorn.

Order OLEALES.
Shnibs, trees, undershmbs, or herbs. Leaves opposite, or rarely
alternate or wborled: blades simple or pinnately compound. Flowers
perfect, polygamous, or dioecious. Calyx of 4, or more, partially united
sepals, or Avanting. Corolla of 2-6, distinct or partially united, petals,
or wanting. Androecium of 2-4 stamens partially adnate to the corolla
when it is present. Gynoecium of 2 united carpels, the ovary superior.
Fruit a capsule, a samara, or a berry, usually 1-celled.

Family 1. OLEACEAE. Olive Family.

AYoody or partially woody plants Avith erect or climbing stems.

Leaves predominatingly opposite: blades simple and entire or toothed, or

pinnately compound.

Corolla wanting or rudimentary : fruit a drupe : leaf-blades simple. 1. Forestieka
Corolla salverform : fruit a didymons berry : leaf-blades compound. 2. Jasmindm.

SPIGELIACEAE, 143

1. FORESTIERA Poir. Shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite: blades simple.
Flowers mostly polygamo-dioeeious, in lateral clusters. Calyx minute, 4-6-
lobed, or obsolete. Corolla wanting, or rarely of 1-2 deciduous petals.
Stamens 2-4. Stigma 2-lobed. Drupe oblong to globular.

Leaf-blades oblong or broadened upward: drupe with an oval stone over 6 mm. long.

1. P. porulosa.
Leaf-blades linear or broadened upward : drupe with an oblong

stone less than 6 mm. long. 2. F. pinetorum.

1. F. porulosa (Michx.) Poir. Shrub 1-3 in. tall, or small tree, the twigs gla-
brous or nearly so: leaf -blades 1.5-5 cm. long, oblong-lanceolate to spatulate:
bracts oval or suborbicular, about 1.5 mm. long: drupes oblong, 7-8 mm. long.
— Hammocks. — FLORiDA-rRivET.

2. F. pinetorum Small. Shrub with short rigid branches, 0.2-1.5 m. tall, the
twigs puberulent: leaf-blades 1-2.5 cm. long, linear-spatulate: bracts obovate
to orbicular-euneate, 1..5-2 mm. long, ciliate: drupes oval, 5-6 mm. long, equi-
lateral.— Pinelands.

2. JASMINUM [Tourn.] L. Shrubs or woody vines. Leaf-blades 3-7-
foliolate or sometimes 1-foliolate. Flowers mostly in terminal compound cymes.
Calyx with 4-9 short or elongate, often narrow, lobes. Corolla salverform, the
limb 4-12-lobed. Filaments adnate to the corolla-tube. Fruit didymous.

1. J. grandiflorum L. Plants partially erect, or diffusely reclining: leaflets
mostly 5-7 ; blades ovate to oval, mucronate, except the usually ovate-lanceo-
late or narrowly ovate acute or acuminate terminal one: calyx 4-8 mm. long;
lobes subulate, often unequal: corolla white; tube 17-21 mm. long; lobes
mostly oblong to oval, obtuse. — Pinelands and waste places. Nat. from the
E. Indies, and cultivated. — (Ant.) — Jessamine.

Order GENTIANIALES.

Herbs, shrubs, or trees, sometimes aquatic or humus plants, or vines.
Leaves mainly opposite : blades simple. Flowers mostly perfect, solitary
or in cymes. Calyx of 5 partially united sepals, or fewer. Corolla of 5
partially united petals, or fewer. Androecium of as many stamens as
there are corolla-lobes : filaments often partially adnate to the corolla-
tube. Gynoecium of 2 more or less united carpels. Fruit capsular,
baccate, or drupaceous.
Ovary 2-celled : leaves stipulate or the bases connected by stipular lines.

Fam. 1. SPIGELIACEAE.

Ovary l-celled : leaves not stipulate.

Corolla-lobes convolute or imbricate in the bud. Fam. 2. Gentianacbae.

Corolla-lobes Indupllcate-valvate in the bud. Fam. 3. Mentanthaceab.

Family 1. SPIGELIACEAE. Loganlv Family.

Herbs, vines, or woody plants. Leaves typically opposite. Flowers
in open or compact clusters. Calyx of 4 or 5 partially united sepals.
Corolla of 4 or 5 partially united petals. Androecium of 4 or 5 stamens.
Gynoecium of 2 united carpels, or rarely more. Ovaiy 2-celled or rarely
4-eelled. Fruit capsular and 2-valved, or baccate or drui^aceous.

Corolla urceolate : capsule prominently 2-lobed. 1. Ctnoctonum.

Corolla campanulate : capsule ovoid-globose. 2. Polypkbmdm.

144 GENT I AN ACE AE.

1. CYNOCTONUM J. F. Gmel. Annual (ours) erect herbs. Flowers in

terminal cymes, secund. Calyx usually 5-lobed. Corolla white or pale, urceo-

late, somewhat longer than the calyx. Filaments almost completely adnate to

the corolla-tube. Styles united by their tips in anthesis, ultimately distinct.

Capsules miter-shaped, the 2 horns curved.- — Miterwort.

Leaf-blades narrowed into petiole-like bases : inflorescence las. 1. C. Mitreola.
Leaf-blades sessile : inflorescence dense. 2. C. sessilifoUutn.

1. C. Mitreola (L.) Britton. Stem 1-7 dm. tall: leaf -blades thin, oblong,
elliptic, lanceolate, or ovate, or sometimes narrower, 1.5-8 cm. loug, acute or
acuminate: corolla-lobes ovate to oblong-lanceolate: capsules 2-2.5 mm. long.
— Everglades and low pinelands. — F. 5- {Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

2. C. sessilifolimn (Walt.) J. F. Gmel. Stem 1-5 dm. tall: leaf -blades thick,
ovate to orbicular, 1-5 cm. long, obtuse or apiculate: corolla-lobes ovate,
mainly shorter than the tube: capsules about 4 mm. long. — Pinelands. — F. K.

2. POLYPREMUM L. Annual diffuse herbs. Flowers solitary in the
forks of the branches and in the leaf-axils. Calyx-lobes 4 or 5, narrow.
Corolla white, campanulate, shorter than the calyx. Filaments adnate to the
corolla-tube for about i their length. Styles very short, permanently united.
Capsules obovoid or subglobose.

1. P. procumbens L. Stem and branches 1-3 dm. long: leaf -blades narrowly
linear to subulate, scabrous-margined: calyx-lobes narrowly lanceolate, about
3 mm. long: corolla-lobes suborbicular, slightly shorter than the tube: capsules
about 2 mm. long. — Pinelands. — F, K. {Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

Family 2. GENTIANACEAE. Gentiax Family.

Annual or perennial caulescent herbs, or rarely shrubs. Leaves
typically opposite: blades entire, sometimes connate. Flowers perfect,
solitary or variously clustered. Calyx of 2, 4 or 5, or more, partially
united"^ sepals, persistent. Corolla of 4 or 5 or more, partially united
petals, varying from rotate to tubular. Androecium of as many stamens
as there are corolla-lobes, the filaments partially adnate to the corolla-
tube. Gynoecium of two united eai'pels. Fruit a capsule.

Corolla-lobes convolute in the bud : leafy plants, not saprophytic : stigmas distinct.
Corolla campanulate-funnelform : stigmas broad, capsule oblong to oval.

1. EUSTOMA.

Corolla rotate : stigmas narrow : capsule globose to ovoid. 2. Sabbatia.

Corolla-lobes imbricate in the bud : nearly leafless plants, sapro-
phytic : stigmas united. 3. Leiphaimos.

1. EUSTOMA Salisb. Annual relatively large herbs. Flowers solitary or
in open panicles. Calyx-lobes 5 or 6, narrow. Corolla white, blue, or purple,
campanulate-funnelform: lobes 5 or C, usually erose-denticulate, longer than
the tube.

1. E. exaltatum (L.) Griseb. Stem 1-9 dm. tall: blades of the upper leaves
oblong to oblong-lanceolate, 1.5-7 cm. long: calyx-lobes 10-12 mm. long:
corolla mainly blue; lobes oblong or oval, 17-20 mm. long: capsules 2-2.5 cm.
long. — Pinelands and coastal sand-dunes. — F. K. {Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

2. SABBATIA L. Annual or biennial relatively slender herbs. Flowers
solitary or in cymes. Calyx-lobes 4-12, narrow. Corolla white, or of the pale
tints, often with a distinct eye, rotate: lobes entire, longer than the tube. —
Marsh-pink.

MENYANTHACEAE. 145

Calj'x-lobes about as loug as the corolla-lobes : corolla mainly less than 3 cm. wide.

1. iS'. campanulata.
Calyx-lobes much shorter than the corolla-lobes : corolla mainly

over 3.5 cm. wide. 2. 8. grandiflora.

1. S. campanulata (L.) Torr. Stem 1-4 dm. tall: blades of the up^jer
leaves narrow, but typically broader than the diameter of the stem or branches:
calyx with filiform or nearly filiform lobes, typically about as long as the
corolla : corolla deep-rose or magenta, with a yellow eye ; lobes oblong to
spatulate-oblong: capsules 6-8 mm. long. — Everglades. — {Bah., Cuba.)

2. S. grandiflora (A. Gray) Small. Stem 8-12 dm. tall: blades of the upper
leaves typically stout-filiform or nearly so, mainly narrower than the diameter
of the stem and the branches, 3-10 cm. long: calyx with filiform or very narrow
lobes much shorter than the corolla: corolla deep-rose or magenta, the eye
yellow; lobes oval or elliptic-oval to rhombic-obovate: capsules 8-10 mm. long.
— Everglades and low pinelands.

3. LEIPHAIMOS Schlecht. & Cham. Annual or i)erennial humus plants.
Leaves mere scales. Flowers solitary or in cymes. Calyx-lobes 4 or 5, nar-
row, commonly about as long as the tube. Corolla white or variously colored,
salverform: lobes 4 or 5, much shorter than the tube.

1. L. parasitica Schlecht. & Cham. Plant pale, 1-4 dm. tall: leaves (scales)
opposite, 3-5 mm. long: calyx-lobes lanceolate, acute: corolla white or pink,
6-8 mm. long, about twice as long as the calyx; lobes triangular to lanceolate:
capsules 5-6 mm. long. [Voyria mexicana Griseb.] — Hammocks. — F. K.
{Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

Family 3. MENYANTHACEAE. Buckbean Family.

Perennial aquatic or bog herbs. Leaves alternate : blades simple or
3-foliolate. Flowers perfect, solitary or in clusters or racemes. Calyx of
5, partly united sepals. Corolla wlaite or colored, rotate or funnelfonn.
Androecium of 5 stamens with the filaments partly adnate to the corolla-
tube. Gynoecium of 2 united carpels. Stj'le veiy short. Fiiiit a capsule,
sometimes indehiscent.

1. NYMPHOIDES [Tourn.] Hill. Aquatic herbs. Leaves with elongate
petioles and broad blades with a deep basal sinus. Flower-clusters sometimes
tuber-bearing, borne on a petiole-like stalk. Calyx-lobes narrow. Corolla
rotate. Filaments adnate to near the middle of the corolla-tube or above it.
Capsule oblong to ovoid. [Limnanthemum J. F. Gmel.]

1. N. aquaticum (Walt.) Kuntze. Leaf -blades suborbicular to reniform, 5-15
cm. in diameter: flower-clusters usually without tubers: filaments adnate to
below the middle of the corolla- tube, the free portion shorter than the anther:
capsules about 6 mm. long. — Everglades. — Floating-heart.

Order ASCLEPIADALES.

Herbs, shrubs, or ti'ees, commonly with a milky juice. Leaves alter-
nate or opposite: blades entire. Inflorescence cymose, sometimes umbel-
late. Cah'x of usually 5, partially united, sepals. Corolla of 5, partially
united, petals. Androecium of mostly 5 distinct or monadelphous stamens,
partially adnate to the corolla in Asclepiadaceae and accompanied by a
5-lobed crown. Pollen granular or in waxy masses. Gynoecium of usually

Flora of Miami 10

14G APOCYNACEAE.

2 caipels, sometimes uuited only at the apex. Stigma terminal. Fmit a

pair of follicles, or drupaceous.

styles united: stamens distinct: pollen loosely granular. Pam. 1. Apocynaceae.
Styles distinct : stamens usually monadelphous : pollen

united into waxy masses or the grains in groups of 4. Fam. 2. Asclepiadacbae.

Family 1. APOCYNACEAE. Dogbane Family.

Perennial herbaceous or woody plants, with mostly diehotomous,
cjTuose inflorescence. Androecium of mostly 5 stamens, with the anthers
converging around the stigina or slightly adhering to it, not accompanied
by a crown. Gynoecium of 2 carpels, the styles and stigmas at least
united; two carpels usually maturing.

Anthers unappendaged at the base, not connected with the stigma : corolla-lobes
sinistrorsely convolute.
Fruit drupaceous: shrubs or trees. 1. Cerbera.

Fruit a pair of follicles : herbs sometimes partially shrubby. 2. Ammocallis.
Anthers appendaged at the base, converging around the stigma
and partially adherent to it : corolla mostly dextrorsely
convolute.
Shrub or trees. 3. Nerium.

Herbs or vines.

Corolla funnelform, the throat widened upward.

Calyx-lobes relatively long and narrow : scale-like glands

borne at the base of the calyx within. 4. Urechites.

Calyx-lobes relatively broad and short : scale-like glands

wanting. .'. Rhabdadenia.

Corolla salverform, the throat narrowed upward. 0. Echites.

1. CERBERA L. Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate: blades relatively
narrow. Caly.x-lobes long. Corolla funnelform, the throat not constricted at
the mouth. Drupe broad. Seeds angular.

1. C. Thevetia L. Shrub: leaves approximate; blades narrowly linear, 8-16 cm.
long: calyx-lobes lanceolate, 5-7 mm. long: corolla saffron-colored: tube 2-2.5
cm. long; lobes very broad, 3-4 em. long: drupe depressed, 3-4 cm. broad. —
Pinelands and vraste places. Nat. of Trop. Am., and cultivated. — F. K. (Bah.,
Cuba, Ant.) — Trumpet-flower.

2. AMMOCALLIS Small. Erect herbs. Leaves opposite. Corolla-tube
with a contracted mouth. Follicles narrow.

1. A. rosea (L.) Small. Stems 2-7 dm. tall: leaf-blades oblong to oblong-
cuneate, 4-8 cm. long: calyx-lobes linear-subulate, 3-4 mm. long: corolla white,
pink, or blue, with an eye; tube 27-34 mm. long: lobes abruptly pointed:
follicles 2-3 cm. long. — Pinelands and hammocks. Nat. of the tropics, and
cultivated. — F. K. (Ber., Bah., Cuba, Ant.) — Periwinkle.

3. NERIUM [Tourn.] L. Shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite: blades rela-
tively narrow. Corolla salverform, the throat campanulate, with toothed scales
at the mouth, the lobes spreading, broad.

1. N. Oleander L. Shrub, or tree becoming 10 m. tall: leaf-blades narrowly
elliptic to linear-elliptic, 6-15 cm. long, many-veined: calyx-lobes lanceolate,
4.5-6 mm. long: corolla white to rose-purple; limb 3-4.5 cm. wide, the lobes
obliquely apiculate: follicles 1-2 dm. long. — Hammocks and low pinelands.
Nat. of the Levant, and cultivated. — (Ber., Cuba, Ant.) — Ole.\ndek.

4. URECHITES Muell. Arg. Vines, Leaves opposite. Calyx-lobes rela-
tively long and narrow. Corolla-tube abruptly dilated into the campanulate
throat.

ASCLEPIADACEAE. 147

1. U. lutea (L.) Britton. Stems 3-30 dm. long, reclining or twining: leaf-
blades oval, ovate, or siiborbicular, 2.5-5 cm. long: calyx-lobes lanceolate, 8-11
mm. long: corolla yellow, the campanulate throat over 2 cm. long: anthers
with linear-filiform appendages at the apex: follicles 12-15 cm. long. [U.
Andrewsii (Chapm.) Small.] — Pinelands. — F. K. (Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

5. RHABDADENIA Muell. Arg. Vines, sometimes nearly erect. Leaves
opposite. Calyx-lobes relatively broad and short. Corolla-tube gradually
dilated into the funnelform throat.

Corolla yellow ; limb 2.5-3 cm. wide : erect herb, the branches pubescent.

1. li. corallicola.
Corolla white ; limb 4.5-5 cm. wide : twining vine, the branches

glabrous. 2. R. Mflora.

1. R. corallicola Small. Stems 3-11 dm. long: leaf-blades oblong or nearly so,
1-3 cm. long, more or less revolute: calyx-lobes deltoid-ovate, 2-2.5 mm. long:
corolla 2.5-3 cm. long; lobes 1-1.5 cm. wide: follicles 8-11 cm. long. — Pine-
lands. — F. K.

2. R. biflora (Jacq.) Muell. Arg. Stems greatly elongate: leaf -blades oblong
or oblong-lanceolate, 4-9 cm. long, apiculate: calyx-lobes oblong or nearly so,
4-5 mm. long: corolla 5-6 cm. long; lobes 2.5-3 cm. wide: follicles 12-15 cm.
long. — Coastal hammocks. — (Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

6. ECHITES P. Br. Tines. Leaves opposite. Flowers relatively large.
Calyx with glands within. Corolla salverform, the throat narrowed to the
mouth.

1. E. Echites (L.) Britton. Stems widely twining: leaf -blades ovate to oval,
4-9 cm. long: calyx-lobes triangular, 2.5-3.5 mm. long: corolla white or green-
ish-white; tube 5-6 cm. long; lobes 1.5-2.5 cm. long: follicles 15-20 cm. long. — •
Pinelands.— F. K. {Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

Family 2. ASCLEPIADACEAE. Milkweed Family.

Perennial hei-baeeous or woody plants, with usually umbel-like eynies.
Androecium of usually 5 stamens, with the anthers more adherent to the
stigTua than in Apocynaceae, the filament-appendages foinning a crown.
Gynoeeium of 2 carpels with the stigmas united; only one carpel usually
maturing.

Crown double, the outer a shallow ring, the inner with 5 fleshy hood-like scales.

1. PlIILIBERTELLA.

Crown single.

Erect, ascending or spreading herbs.

Corolla-lobes reflexed during antbesis : hoods of the crown
crestless or each with a horn-like process.
Crown-hoods without horns, or horn wholly adnate to

the hood as a midril). 2. Acerates.

Crown-hoods with projecting horns. 3. Asclepias.

Corolla-lobes erect-spreading during anthesis : hoods of

the crown pendulous or saccate at the base, curved up- *

ward, obtuse, crested within, at least in the upper part. 4. Asclepiadora.
Twining vines.

Petals slightly united at the base : column short.
Corolla-lobes glabrous within : crown-lobes broad.

Stigma flat: crown-lobes not notched. 5. Amphistei.ma.

Stigma conic: crown-lobes notched at the apex. <!. Lyonia.
Corolla-lobes pubescent witWn : crown-lobes narrow. 7. Metastelma.
Petals united to about the middle : column elongate. 8. Epicion.

1. PHILIBERTELLA Vail. Vines with narrow or broad leaf-blades.
Calyx 5-lobed. Corolla rotate: lobes broad, glabrous within. Anthers coherent.

148 ASCLEPIADACEAE.

1. P. clausa (Jaeq.) Vail. Leaf -blades 3-S cm. long, ovate-oblong to oblong-
lanceolate, rounded or siibcordate at the base: peduncles twice as long as the
leaves or more : calvx-lobes oblong-lanceolate : corolla white ; lobes oblong Lo
ovate, 4-5 mm. long: follicles 5-7 cm. long: seeds about 3 mm. long. — Coastal
hammocks. F. K. {Bah., Cuha, Ant.)

2. ACERATES Ell. Erect or spreading herbs, with narrow or relatively
narrow leaf -blades. Calyx-lobes 5. Corolla rotate: lobes reflexed. Crown-
hoods approximate to the anthers, the column very short or stout.

1. A. floridana (Lam.) A. Hitchc. Plants 3-8 dm. tall or more, green: leaf-
blades linear to elongate linear-lanceolate, 7-16 cm. long: corolla-lobes 3-3.5
mm. long: hoods about 2 mm. long: anther-wings 1.5-2 mm. long: pollinia-
bodies nearly 1 mm. long: seed-coma 3-4 cm. long. — Everglades. — Greex-

MILKWEED.

3. ASCLEPIAS [Tourn.] L. Erect or spreading herbs, with narrow or
broad leaf -blades. Calyx-lobes 5. Corolla rotate: lobes reflexed. Crown-
hoods approximate to the anthers, or nearly so, not adnate to the anther-
column, the horn mainly adnate only at the base of the hood. Anther-wings
salient at the base. Pollinia longer than the caudieles. — Milkweed.

Follicles erect on deflexed pedicels : horn not longer than the hood : flowers orange-
yellow.
Hoods 6-7 mm. long : leaf-blades truncate or cordate at the base.

1. A. Rolf sit.
Hoods 3^ mm. long : leaf-blades tapering at the base. -. A. lanceolata.

Follicles erect on erect pedicels : horn long-exserted : flowers

greenish-white. 3. A. verticillata.

1. A. Rolfsii Britton. Stems erect or ascending, 1-3 dm. tall, hirsute: leaf-
blades mainly oblong, sometimes narrowly so, when broad sometimes fiddle-
shaped, 3-7 cm. long, truncate or cordate at the base : corolla-lobes oblong, 6-7
mm. long: horn arising below the hood-auricles. — Pinelands.

2. A. lanceolata Walt. Stems 4-11 dm. tall, glabrous or nearly so: leaves few,
distant; blades elongate-linear, linear-lanceolate, or narrowly lanceolate, mostly
1-2 dm. long, narrow at the base: corolla-lobes oblong, 8-9 mm. long: horn
arising from the base of the hood. — Everglades.

3. A. verticillata L. Stems 3-8 dm. tall, commonly pubescent in lines:
leaves numerous, close; blades narrowly linear to linear-filiform, 2-6 cm. long:
corolla-loVjes greenish-white, 3-4 mm. long: hoods about 1 mm. long, about
equalling the androecium or shorter, with erect auricles within; horn slender,
much exceeding the hood: column about 1 mm. long. — Pinelands.

4. ASCLEPIADORA A. Gray. Spreading herbs with alternate leaves.
Calyx-lobes 5, spreading. Corolla rotate: lobes spreading. Crown-hoods invo-
lute and hooded at the apex, with an internal ridge above the middle. Anthers
ecjualling the gynostegium: wings rounded at the base. Pollinia with caudieles
nearly as long as the narrow bodies.

1. A. viridis (Walt.) A. Gray. Stem 2-6 dm. long, stout: leaf-blades oblong
to lanceolate, 6-10 cm. long, rather thin: calyx-lobes about 4 mm. long, cilio-
late: corolla-lobes greenish, 10-11 mm. long: hoods about 4.5 mm. long, pur-
plish or violet: anther-wings 2.5 mm. long: follicles 6-11 cm. long. — Pinelands.
— F. K.

5. AMPHISTELMA Gristh. 81en<ler vines with narrow leaf-blades.
Calyx-lobes longer than the corolla-tube. Corolla rotate-campanulate: lobes

ASCLEPIADACEAE. 149

glabrous within. Crown aduate to the corolla: lobes very broad, surpassed by
the anthers. Stigma flat.

1. A. scoparia (Nutt.) Small. Diffuf^e vine: leaf-blades narrowly linear, 2-5
cm. long: calyx-lobes about 1 mm. long, deltoid: corolla-lobes greenish, 1.5-2
mm. long: crown-lobes about 0.5 mm. long: follicles 3.5-4.5 mm. long.
[Metastelma scoparium (Nutt.) Vail.] — Hammocks. — F. K.

6. LYONIA Ell. Slender vines with verj' narrow leaf-blades. Calyx-
lobes longer than the corolla-tube. Corolla rotate-campanulate: lobes spread-
ing at the tip, glabrous within. Crown adnate to the short column: lobes
naked at the apex, longer than the gynostegium. Stigma conic.

1. L. palustris (Tursh) Small. Leaf-blades linear, 2-7 cm. long, acute, pendant:
calyx-lobes lanceolate, about 2.5 mm. long: corolla-lobes purplish or greenish-
white, 3-4 mm. long: crown-lobes 1.5-2 mm. long, retuse or emarginate at the
apex: anther-wings about 1 mm. long: follicles 4.5-5.5 cm. long. — Hammocks.
— F. K. {Bah.. Cuba.)

7. METASTELMA K. Br. Slender vines with narrow leaf -blades. Calyx-
lobes longer than the corolla-tube. Corolla rotate-campanulate: lobes pubes-
cent within. CroAvn adnate to the very short column: lobes slender, curved
over the anthers. Stigma flat.

1. M. Blodgettii A.' Gray. Leaf -blades linear or linear-lanceolate, 8-27 mm.,
long: corolla whitish; lobes penicillate-bearded near the apex within: crowni
adnate to the base of the column: follicles 4-5 cm. long. — Hammocks. — F. K^

8. EPICION Small. Slender vines with relatively broad leaf-blades>
Calyx-lobes shorter than the corolla-tube. Corolla campanulate: lobes pubes-
cent within. Crown adnate to the elongate column: lobes narrow, not longer
than the anthers. Stigma flat or depressed.

1. E. bahamense (Griseb.) Small. Leaf-blades oblong to oval, 1.5-2.5 cnr..
long, slender-petioled: calyx-lobes 1-1.5 mm. long: corolla white, 4-4.5 mm.
long; lobes obtuse: crown-lobes 1-5 mm. long: follicles 5-6.5 cm. long.—
Hammocks. — F. K. (Bah.)

Order POLEMONIALES.
Herbs, or sometimes shrubs or trees, the plants of some groups para-
sitic. Leaves with dilated blades or scale-like. Flowers mainly perfect.
Calyx of partly united sepals. Corolla of partly united petals, regular or
irregular. Androecium of as many stamens as there are corolla-lobes, or
fewer, sometimes partially represented by staminodia, or partially obso-
lete. Gynoecium of 2 distinct or several united carpels. Ovary superior.
Fruit a capsule, a beiT\% or a dupe, or a group of nutlets or utricle-like.

Stamens 5.

Gynoecium of 2 distinct carpels. Fam. 1. Diciiondkaceae.

Gynoecium of 2 or more partially or wholly united
carpels.
Fruit capsular or baccate : ovary not 4-lohed
Styles or stigmas distinct.

Ovary l-li-celled, or rarely 4-or .5-celled :
stigmas 2.
Ovules, and seeds, few. Fam. 2. Coxvolvulaceae.

Ovules, and seeds, numerous. Fam. .3 Hydroleaceae.

150

COXYOLVULACEAE.

Ovary 3-celled : stigmas 3.

Calyx-lobes Imbricated : corolla mostly

plaited in the bud.
Calyx-lobes valvate : corolla merely
convolute in the bud.
Styles or stigmas wholly united.

Median axis of the gynoecium in the same

axis as the stem : seeds mostly pitted.

Median axis of the gynoecium not in

the axis of the stem : seeds mostly

tuberculate.

Fruit drupaceous, or of 2 or 4 nutlets.

Style or stigmas not furnished with a gland-
ular ring.
Style or stigmas furnished with a glandular
ring.
Stamens 4 and didynamous, or 1 or 2.

Carpels ripening into a group of 4 nutlets, an
achene or a drupe.
Style apical on the lobeless ovary.

Ovules erect, or laterally attached : gynoe-
cium ripening into a dry or fleshy fruit
with 2-S nutlets, the seeds with a testa.
Ovules pendulous from the top of a central
columella : gynoecium ripening into a fleshy-
capsular fruit with a solitary seed which
is destitute of a testa.
Style arising between the 4 lobes of the ovary.
Carpels ripening into a capsule.
Placentae of the ovary axile.

Ovary 2-celIed, or rarely 3-5-celled.

Corolla-lobes imbricated : capsules not

elastically dehiscent.
Corolla-lobes convolute : capsules elastic-
ally dehiscent.
Ovary 1-celled.
Placentae of the ovary parietal.

Film. 2. CONVOLVrLACEAE.

Fam. 4. Poleiioxiaceae.

Fam. 5. Solanaceae.

Fam. 11. Rhinanthaceae.

Fam. 6. Ehretiaceae.
Fam. 7. Heliotbopiaceae.

Fam. 8. Verbexaceae.

Fam. 9. Avicenniaceae.
Fam. 10. Lamia ceae.

Fam. 11. Rhinanthaceae.

Fam. 12. Acanthaceae.
Fam. 13. Pingciculaceae.
Fam. 14. Bignoniaceae.

Pamily 1. DICHONDRACEAE. Dichoxdra Fajiily.

Annual or i^erennial creeping herbs. Leaves alternate : blades broad,
entire, long-petioled. Flowers axillary, solitaiy. Calyx of 5 slightly
united sepals. Corolla rotate to campanulate, 5-lobed. Androecium of 5
stamens shorter than the corolla. Gynoecium of 2 distinct carpels. Styles
basal. Capsules utricle-like, 2 together.

1. DICHONDRA Forst. Stems much-branched, often densely matted.

Flowers erect.

1. D. carolinensis Michx. Plant inconspicuously pubescent: leaf-blades reni-
form to suborbicular 5-20 mm. wide, deeply cordate: calyx-lobes 2-3 mm.
long: corolla-lobes obtuse. — Pinelands. — F. K. {Ber., Bah.)

Family 2. CONVOLVULACEAE. Morning-glory Family.

Annual or perennial herbs, or vines, or rarely shrubs or trees. Leaves
alternate, without stipules: blades various. Flowers perfect, regular,
solitai-y or cymose. Calyx of 5, more or less united sepals, in one or two
series. Corolla convolute in aestivation, its limb lobed or entire. Androe-
cium of 5 stamens, partially adnata to the corolla-tube, alternate with the
lobes. Gynoecium of 2 united carpels. Ovary 2-4-celled (rarely 5-celled,
or 1-celled by the breaking down of the septum). Seeds 1 or 2 in each
cavity, often pubescent.

Styles distinct or partly so.

Styles partially united, entire : stigmas 2. 1. Sttlisma.

CONVOLYULACEAE. 151

Styles distinct, each 2-cleft : stigmas 4. 2. Evolvulcs.

Styles milted up to the stigma.
Fruit capsular, dehiscent.

Stigmas ovoid or subglobose.

Caly.x urceolate: stamens spirally twisted. 3. Operculixa.

Calyx campanulate : stamens straight.

Stamens and style included : corolla funnelform.
Calyx herbaceous ; lobes elongate, usually pi-
lose : ovary usually ."J-ceiled. 4. Piiarbitis.
Calyx leathery or membranous ; lobes short :

ovary 2- or 4-ceiled. 5. Ipomoea.

Stamens and style exserted : corolla usually salver-
form.
Corolla large, showy, 10-20 cm. long, white. 6. Caloxyction.

Corolla smaller, 5-6 cm. long or less, rarely white.

Seeds glabrous : herbaceous vines. 7. Quajioclit.

Seeds pubescent : partially woody vines. 8. Exogoniuxe.

Stigmas flattened. 9. .Tacquemontia.

Fruit baccate, indehiscent. 10. Ahgyreia.

1. STYLISMA Raf. Herbaceous vines, often prostrate. Leaf -blades
narrow or broad, not cordate. Flowers 1-3 on axillary peduncles. Sepals
equal or nearly so, pointed. Corolla white or colored, rotate or subfunnelform.
Capsule thin-walled.

1. S. aquatica (Walt.) Chapm. Stems trailing, softly pubescent: leaf-blades
2.5-3 cm. long, obtuse: peduncles longer than the leaves, 1-3-flowered: sepals
oblong-lanceolate, acute, 4-6 cm. long: corolla rose-purple, 10-1.5 mm. long:
capsules G-S mm. in diameter. — Pinelands.

2. EVOLVULUS L. Erect or diffuse herbs or partially wooily plants.
Leaf-blades entire. Flowers solitary and axillary or in terminal racemes or
panicles. Calyx small: lobes nearly equal. Corolla white, pink, or blue, rotate
or rotate-f unnelform : limb 5-angled or 5-lobed. Capsule subglobose, 2-4-
valved.

1. E. sericeus Sw. Plants silky, the branches ascending or decumbent, 1-3
dm. long: leaf-blades linear to oblong, 1-2.5 cm. long, acute at both ends:
calyx-lobes 4-6 mm. long, acute or acuminate: corolla white or blue, 8-10
mm. wide. — Everglades. — (Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

3. OPERCULINA S. Manso. Twining vines. Leaf-blades entire, pal-
mately lobed, or divided. Calyx large, pear-shaped, constricted above in
flower: lobes closely imbricate, membranaceous or chartaceous. Corolla cam-
panulate. Capsule globose, large, often operculate or irregularly dehiscent,
sometimes valvate.

Corolla yellow : sepals becoming 4-.5 cm. long. 1. 0. tuhrrosa.

Corolla white, except the purple throat : sepals becoming 1.5-2 cm.

long. 2. O. dissccta.

1. O. tuberosa (L.) Meisn. Leaf-V)lades 5-7-lobed; lobes elliptic-lanceolate,
acuminate, 4-6 cm. long: corolla 3.5-4 cm. long; limb 5-6 cm. wide: capsules
3-4 cm. in diameter: seeds 20x15 mm., black-velvety. — Pinelands, hammocks
and waste places. Nat. of the Tropics, and cultivated. — {Cuba, Ant.) —
Yellow morning-glory.

2. O. dissecta (.Jacq.) House. Leaf -blades 5-7-parted; segments oval to
oblong or lanceolate, 3-10 cm. long, coarsely toothed: corolla 2-3 cm. long;
limb 3-5 cm. broad: capsules about 1.5 cm. in diameter: seeds glabrous.
[Ipomoea dissccta Jacq.] — Pinelands. — (Ber., Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

4. PHARBITIS Choisy. Climbing or trailing vines. Leaf-blades entire,
lobed, or angled. Calyx-lobes equal or unequal, herbaceous, each with a pubes-

152 CONYOLYULACEAE.

cent base and a narrow tip. Corolla white, blue, or purple, funnelform.
Seeds glabrous. — Morning-glory.

Calyx minutely or obscurely pubescent ; lobes 2 cm. long or less. 1- P- cathartica.
Calyx bristly-pubescent ; lobes 2.5 cm. long or more. 2. P. Nil.

1. P. cathartica (Poir.) Choisy. Perennial, minutely strigillose or glabrate:
leaf-blades broadly ovate, 5-9 cm. long, entire or 3-Iobed: sepals ovate-lanceo-
late, 1-2 cm. long, acuminate: corolla-limb pink-purple to white, 6-8 cm. wide.
— Hammocks. — F. K. {Ber., Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

2. P. Nil (L.) Choisy. Annual, hispid or hirsute: leaf-blades broadly ovate
to suborbicular in outline, 6-16 cm. long, 3-angled or 3-lobed, the lobes acute:
sepals 2.5^ em. long: corolla-limb deep-blue, 4-6 cm. wide. — Hammocks.
Nat. of Africa, and cultivated. — (Ant.)

5. IPOMOEA L. Climbing or trailing vines or rarely upright plants.
Leaf-blades entire, angled, or divided. Flowers solitary on axillary peduncles,
or in cymes. Calyx-lobes coriaceous or membranous, or rarely fleshy. Corolla
funnelform, the limb usually spreading. Capsule mostly septifragally 2- or
4-valved. Seeds often pubescent. — Morning-glory.

Stem and branches creeping.

Corolla-limb white : leaf-blades several-Iobed. 1. /. stolonifera.

Corolla-limb purple : leaf-blades not lobed, notched at the apex. 2. /. Pcs-Caprae.
Stem and branches twining or trailing.

Leaf-blades sagittate or hastate : inner sepals less than 1 cm.
long.
Sepals equal, about 6 mm. long: corolla-limb less than 3

cm. wide. 3. /. tciinissima.

Sepals unequal, 7-9 mm. long : corolla-limb over 5 cm. wide. 4. /. sagiitata.
Leaf-blades ovate, entire or angulately lobed. 5. /. Batatas.

1. I. Stolonifera (Cyrill.) Poir. Leaf -blades 2-5 cm. long, the early ones
ovate to olilong, the later ones pandurate or more deeply lobed, mostly trun-
cate or cordate at the base: sepals oblong to oval, 1-1.5 cm. long, mucronate
or acuminate: capsules subglobose, 1.5 cm. long. — Coastal sand-dunes. — (Bah.,
Cuba, Ant.)

2. I. Pes-Caprae (L.) Sweet. Leaf -blades 6-10 cm. long and as broad, rounded
or cordate at the base: sepals oval or suborbicular, obtuse: corolla 4-5 cm.
long: capsules globose-ovoid, 1.5 cm. long. — Coastal sand-dunes. — F. K. (Ber.,
Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

3. I. tenuissima Choisy. Stems twining: leaf-blades lanceolate or linear-
lanceolate, 2-5 cm. long, obtuse and mucronulate: sepals ovate-lanceolate,
obtuse, ciliate: corolla purple, 3-4 cm. long: capsules globose. — Piuelands. —
F. K. (Cuba.)

4. I. sagittata Cav. Stems twining: leaf-blades 3-10 cm. long, sagittate or
hastate-sagittate, the segments linear or lanceolate, the basal ones about half
as long as the terminal one: sepals 6-9 mm. long: corolla 5-6 cm. long. —
Everglades.— F. K. (Ber., Bah., Cuba.)

5. I. Batatas (L.) Lam. Stems from tuberous edible roots, the branches trail-
ing: leaf -blades ovate, 5-11 cm. long, entire or angulately lobed, cordate:
sepals unequal, ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, acuminate: corolla 3-5 cm. long,
white varying to shades of pink or purple. — Pinelands, hammocks and waste
places. Nat. of the E. Indies, and cultivated. — (Ber., Bah., Cuba, Ant.) — •

SWEET-P0T.\T0.

6. CALONYCTION Choisy. High-twining vines. Leaf-blades broad.
Flowers showy. Calyx-lobes herbaceous, becoming leathery, the outer ones
sometimes horned at the apex. Corolla white, expanding in the evening, salver-

CONVOLYULACEAE. 153

form; tube elongate, not dilated at the throat. Capsules large, longer than
broad. — Moox-flower.

Outer sepals horned : leaf-blades thin-textured. 1. C. aculeatum.

Outer sepals obtuse : leaf-blades thick-textured. 2. C. tuba.

1. C. aculeatum (L.) House. Leaf -blades ovate, 5-1.5 cm. long, entire or has-
tately 3-5-lobed: calyx-lobes about 1 cm. long: corolla-tube slender, 10-12 cm.
long; limb 10-13 cm. broad. — Hammocks. — F. K. (Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

2. C. tuba (Schlecht.) Colla. Leaf-blades ovate, acute, entire, cordate, 10-15
cm. long: calyx-lobes unequal, greenish, 2-2.5 cm. long: corolla-tube 10-14 cm.
long; limb S-10 cm. broad. — Coastal hammocks. — F. K. {Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

7. QUAMOCLIT Moench. Twining vines. Leaf-blades entire, lobed, or
divided. Flowers in axillary cymes or solitary. Calyx-lobes equal or nearly
so. Corolla scarlet, orange, or white, salverform: tube narrowly funnelform:
limb spreading, shorter than the tube. Capsules small.

Leaf-blades parted into narrow segments : sepals obtuse or mucronate.

1. Q. QuamocUt.
Leaf-blades entire or merely lobed : sepals aristately awned. 2. Q. coccinea.

1. Q. Quamoclit (L.) Britton. Leaf -blades 2-10 cm. long; segments narrowly
linear: corolla-tube club-shaped, 2.5-3 em. long; lobes ovate or triangular. —
Pinelands and waste places. Nat. of Trop. Am., and cultivated. — (Bah.,
Cuba, Ant.) — Cypress-vixe.

2. Q. coccinea (L.) Moench. Leaf -blades ovate, 3-10 cm. long, acuminate,
angled or entire: corolla-tube 2-4 cm. long; limb cup-like. 1.5-2 cm. broad. —
Pinelands and cultivated grounds. Nat. of Trop. Am., and cultivated. {Bah.,
Cuba, Ant.) — Eed morxixg-glory.

8. EXOGONIUM Choisy. Creeping, trailing or twining vines. Leaf-
blades entire, lobed, or divided, rarely cordate. Flowers in axillary cymes or
solitary. Calyx-lobes leathery, unequal, obtuse. Corolla salverform, scarlet or
white. Capsule thick-walled, 4-seeded.

1. E. microdactylum Choisy. Leaf-blades oblong, acute, thickish, obtuse at
base, entire or lobed, 3-8 cm. long: corolla crimson or scarlet; tube 4-5 cm.
long; limb 4-5 em. broad, slightly 5-lobed: capsules longer than the calyx. —
Pinelands. — {Bah., Cuba.)

9. JACQUEMONTIA Choisy. Trailing or twining vines or upright shrubs
or herbs. Leaf-blades entire or rarely toothed or lobed. Flowers in loose
cymes without conspicuous bracts, or solitary. Calyx-lobes equal or unequal.
Corolla white, blue, or violet, funnelform or rotate-funnelform : limb plaited.
Capsule subglobose, 4-valved or sub-S-valved.

Leaves herbaceous : calyx becoming 4-5 mm. long : pedicels commonly longer than
thp peduncles : corolla-lobes rounded. 1. J. Curtissii.

Leaves fleshy : calyx becoming 2-3 mm. long : pedicels commonly

shorter than the peduncles : corolla-lobes obtuse. 2. J. reclinata.

1. J. Curtissii Peter. Stems prostrate or spreading, glalirous or slightly cob-
webby-pubescent, 2-9 dm. long: leaf -blades oblong or oblong-spatulate, 1-2
cm. long, obtuse or abruptly pointed, slightly revolute: calyx-lobes orbicular-
ovate or oval: corolla whitish or violet, 2.5-3 cm. broad: capsules 5-6 mm.
long. — Pinelands.

2. J. reclinata House. Stems tomentulose or glabrate, prostrate, reclining, or
ascending, woody below, often 1-2.5 m. long; leaf-blades oblong to ovate-

154 SOLANACEAE.

orbicular, 1-3 cm. long, obtuse or retuse: peduncles usually shorter than the
leaves: calyx-lobes ovate: corolla white, 2.5-3 cm. broad: capsules 4-5 mm.
long. — Coastal sand-dunes. — (Bah.)

10. AEGYREIA Lour. Twining vines, the pubescence commonly sericeous.
Leaf-blades broad, cordate, usually entire. Flowers in axillary peduncled
cymes. Calyx often colored within: lobes leathery. Corolla showy, cam-
panulate-funnelform. Ovary 2-celled. Stigma slightly 2-lobed. Fruit baccate,
indehiscent.

1. A. speciosa (L.) Sweet. Stem and branches tomentose: leaf-blades broadly
ovate, 12-20 cm. long, glabrate above, silvery-pubescent beneath, the veins
conspicuous: bracts ovate-elliptic, unequal, glabrous within: sepals 4-5 mm.
long: corolla-tube inflated-cylindric, about 5 cm. long; limb purple. — Ever-
glades. Nat. of Trop. Asia, and cultivated. — {A7it.)

Family 3. HYDROLEACEAE. Water-leaf Family.

Annual or perennial herbs, or shnibby plants. Leaves alternate or
opposite : blades toothed, lobed, or dissected, or rarely entire. Flowers
perfect, in scorpioid racemes, or in cymes. Calyx of 5 partially united
sepals. Corolla regular, of 5 partially united petals, the tube often ap-
pendaged within. Androecium of 5 stamens, the filaments partially adnate
to the corolla. Gynoeeium 2-carpellai'y. Fruit a capsule.

1. NAMA L. Perennial herbs, or shrubby plants, sometimes spiny. Leaf-
blades entire. Flowers in axillary or terminal cymes. Calyx slightly accres-
cent: lobes broad. Corolla blue or rarely white, rotate to campanulate. Fila-
ments widely dilated at the base. Styles distinct.

1. N. corymbosum (Ell.) Kuntze. Plants 2-7 dm. tall, unarmed or nearly so,
corymbose above: leaf-blades oblong to oblong-lanceolate, acute: calyxdobes
glandular-ciliate : corolla mainly azure-blue, 11-15 mm. long: capsules 4-6 mm.
long. — Everglades and stream-banks.

Family 4. POLEMONIACEAE. Phlox Family.

Annual or perennial herbs, or woody plants. Leaves opposite or
alternate: blades various. Flowers perfect, in variously disposed cymes.
Calyx of 5 partially united sepals. Corolla of 5 partially united petals,
mostly rotate, funnelform, or salverform. Androecium of 5 stamens,
partially adnate to the corolla. Gynoeeium 3-carpellarj'. Fruit a capsule,
mostly included in the calyx.

1. PHIiOX L. Herbaceous or woody erect, diffuse, or creeping plants.
Leaves mainly opposite: blades entire. Corolla salverform. Filaments un-
equally adnate to the corolla-tube.

1. P. Drummondii ITook. Stems 1-3 dm. tall: leaf -blades narowly oblong to
lanceolate, or those at the base of the stem spatulate-oblanceolate, 1.5-4 cm.
long, acute, sessile: calyx 8-9 mm. long; lobes subulate: corolla lavender;
limb 1.5-2 cm. wide, the lobes obovate, abruptly pointed: capsules about 4 mm.
long. — Pinelands and waste places. — Nat. of Texas, and cultivated. — Phlox.

Family 5, SOLANACEAE. Potato Family.

Herbs, shrubs, trees, or vines. Leavtes alternate: blades entire,
toothed, or lobed. Calyx of 5 (4-G), more or less united sepals. Corolla

SOLAN ACE AE. 155

of 5 (J-6), more or less united petals. Androecium of 5 (4^6), stamens,
the filaments partially adnate to the corolla-tube. Gynoeeium 2-cai'pel-
lary, or 3-5-carpellaiy. Fruit a berry or a cai^sule.

Corolla plicate : lobe3 usually induplicate.

Berry encloscfl in the accrescent calyx : anthers not connected. 1. Piivsalis.
Berry seated in the little changed calyx : anthers connate or
converging.
Anther-sacs opening by terminal pores or short-slits. 2. SoLANUir.

Anther-sacs opening lengthwise and introrsely. 3. Lycopersicox.

Corolla little, if at all i)licate : lohos imbricate or valvate.

Stamens adnate to the base of the corolla-tube : corolla rotate 4. Capsicum.
Stamens adnate liigh up on the corolla-tube : corolla salver-
form or funnelform. 5. Lycium.

1. PHYSALIS L. Herbs. Leaf -blades entire or sinuate. Flowers axil-
lary, nodding, mostly solitary. Calyx bladder-like at maturity, with the lobes
converging. Corolla mainly white or yellow and often dark in the center. —
— Ground-cherry. Jerusalem-cherry.

Plants annual, with much branched roots.

I'lants viscid-pubescent: calyx hirsute: mature calyx conic. 1. P. harljadensis.
I'lants glabrous : calyx glabrous : mature calyx ovoid. 2. P. angulata.

Plants perennial, with horizontal rootstocks.

Plants densely pale-pubescent : calyx stellate-pubescent. ?>. P. viscosa.

Plants glabrous or nearly so: calyx glabrous, except the
margin.
Leaf-blades oblong, oblanceolate or spatulate, the lateral

veins distinct. 4. P. Elliottii.

Leaf-blades linear or linear-oblanceolate, the lateral vein

ol)solete. 5. P. angustifolia.

1. P. barbadensis J acq. Stems generally pubescent and viscid, stout, acutely
3-4-angled: leaf -blades 3-6 cm. long, heart-shaped, acute or generally abruptly
acuminate, sharply repand-dentate, pubescent with short hairs: peduncles 3-4
mm. long, at maturity sometimes 2 cm. long: calyx generally densely viscid-
hirsute; lobes lanceolate, acuminate, but not subulate-tipped: corolla 5-10 mm.
in diameter: anthers generally purplish: fruiting calyx 2..5-3 cm. long, attenu-
ate, almost conic and reticulate, retuse at the base. — Pinelands. — F. K. (Bah.,
Cuba, Ant.)

2. P. angulata L. Stems angular, 0.5-1 m. tall, glabrous: leaf -blades ovate,
with a more or less cuneate base, sharply sinuate, with long-acuminate teeth,
thin, 4-7 cm. long; nerves not prominent; petioles slender, 2-4 cm. long:
peduncles slender, 2-3 cm. long, erect, often reflexed at maturity, but seldom
exceeding the fruiting calyx in length: calyx glabrous; lobes triangular to
lanceolate, generally shorter than the tube: corolla 5-10 cm. in diameter:
anthers more or less purplish-tinged : fruiting calyx about 3 cm. long, ovoid,
not prominently 5-10-angled, sometimes purple-nerved and at length nearly
filled with the yellow berry. — Hammocks. — F. K. (Ber., Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

3. P. viscosa L. Stems from slender horizontal rootstocks, slender, creeping,
cinereous with dense stellate pubescence or in age rarely glabrate: leaf -blades
elliptic, oval, or ovate, obtuse, thinnish, entire or undulate, sometimes cordate
at the base (spatulate or oblong, with a tapering base, in P. viscosa maritima) :
peduncles 1-2 cm. long: calyx stellate-pubescent; lobes triangular, generally
shorter than the tube : corolla greenish-yellow with a darker center, 1.5-2 cm.
in diameter: fruiting calyx 2-3 cm. long, rounded ovoid, scarcely sunken at the
base: berry orange or yellow. — Pinelands and coastal sand-dunes. — F. K.

4. P. Elliottii Kunze. Stems from slender horizontal rootstocks, with the
foliage glabrous to the flowers, or sparingly stellate-pubescent when young,
ascending, branched, slightly stellate or glabrate, 3-5 dm. tall: leaf -blades very
thin and veiny, oblong, spatulate, broadly oblanceolate, or in luxuriant speci-

156 SOLANACEAE.

mens broadly oval, entire or wavy-margined, decurrent into a winged petiole:
peduncles 2-3 cm. long, slender, erect, but reflexed and often 5 cm. long at
maturity: calyx generally glabrous except the margin which is stellate-ciliate ;
lobes triangular: corolla 1.5-2 cm. in diameter, yellow with dark center:
fruiting calyx generally a little shorter than in the next following species. —
Pinelands.

5. P. angustifolia Nutt. Stems from slender elongate and creeping rootstocks,
with the foliage often glabrous except the margins of the calyx-lobes or rarely
sparsely stellate all over when young, diffusely branched, angled: leaf -blades
linear or linear-oblanceolate, tapering into the petiole, entire, thickish; nerves
except the midrib, generally obsolete: peduncles 2-3 cm. long, filiform, gen-
erally erect, 4-5 cm. long and reflexed at maturity: calyx glabrous, except the
stellate-ciliate margins of the rounded triangular lobes: corolla about 2 cm.
broad, yellow and with purple center: anthers yellow: fruiting calyx 1.5-2 cm.
long, ovoid, obscurely angled and scarcely sunken at the base. — Pinelands, —
F. K.

2. SOLANUM [Tourn.] L. Herbs, shrubs, trees, or vines. Leaf-blades
entire, toothed, or lobed. Flowers variously clustered. Calyx sometimes
accrescent. Corolla rotate, of various colors: lobes longer than the tube.
Anthers narrow, converging or united, much longer than the filaments.

Herbs.

Corolla mostly less than 8 mm. wide : calyx-lobes spreading at maturity : foliage

glabrous or" nearly so. 1. 8. nigrum.

Corolla mostly over 8 mm. wide : calyx-lobes appressed to

the berry : "foliage puberulent or pubescent. 2. 8. gracile.

Shrubs or trees.

Leaf-blades velvety-tomentose beneath, unarmed.

Corolla-lobes ovate to oval-ovate : ovary pubescent :

berries yellow. 3. 8. vcrhascifoliiim.

Corolla-lobes linear to linear-lanceolate or lanceolate :

ovary glabrous : berries red. 4. 8. Blodgettii.

Leaf-blades finely and rather harshly pubescent beneath,

often spiny. 5. 8. hahamcnse.

1. S. nigrum L. Herbaceous annual, 1-12 dm. tall: leaf-blades ovate to
oblong-ovate, 2-8 cm. long, undulate or deeply repand: calyx-lobes fully 1 mm.
long: corolla white: lobes lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate: berries subglobose,
4-6 mm. in diameter. — Hammocks and cultivated grounds. — F. K. {Ber.,
Bah., Cuba, Ant.) — Common-nightshade.

2. S. gracile Link. Herbaceous annual, 1-14 dm. tall: leaf-blades ovate to
oblong-ovate, 2-8 cm. long, undulate or deeply repand: calyx-lolies fully 1 mm.
long: corolla Avhite; lobes lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate: berries subglobose,
4-6 mm. in diameter. — Pinelands and coastal sand-dunes. — {Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

3. S. verbascifolium L. Shrub or small tree: leaf -blades oblong to oblong-
ovate or ovate, 10-30 cm. long, velvety-tomentose, entire: calyx-lobes ovate,
eiliate, obtuse: corolla white, 15-18 mm. wide; lobes ovate to oval-ovate,
acutish, eiliate: anthers oblong: ovary pubescent: berries globular, 10-20 mm.
in diameter, yellow. — Hammocks and waste places. — F. K. (Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

POTATO-TKEE.

4. S. Blodgettii Chapm. Shrub with simple or sparingly branched stems, 3-18
dm. tall: leaf -blades oblong, often narrowly so, 5-15 cm. long, hoary-scurfy
and tomentulose, undulate: calyx-lobes oblong: corolla white or bluish, 14-17
mm. wide; lobes linear to linear-lanceolate or lanceolate, obtuse: anthers
linear: ovary glabrous: berries red, 4-6 mm. in diameter. — Everglades and
low pinelands. — F. K. (Bah.)

5. S. bahamense L. Shrub with much-branched stem, 5-20 dm. tall: leaf-
blades oblong to oblong-lanceolate, 4-12 cm. long, thinly rough-pubescent,

EHRETIACEAE. 157

undulate: oalyx-lobes ovate to oblong-ovate, as long as the tube or shorter:
corolla violet-blue, sometimes pale, 10-12 mm. wide; lobes linear or nearly so,
acute or acutish : anthers linear: ovary glabrous: berries red, 6-8 mm. in
diameter. — Coastal hammocks. — F. K. {Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

3. LYCOPEESICON Mill. Heavy-scented herbs. Leaf-blades 1-2-pin-
nately divided. Flowers in cymes. Calyx not accrescent. Corolla rotate,
yellow: lobes longer than the tube. Stamens as in Solanum.

1. L. Lycopersicon (L.) Karst. Plants clammy-pubescent, 3-12 dm. tall: leaf-
blades 1— i dm. long, the divisions ovate to oblong or lanceolate, coarsely
toothed or incised: calyx-lobes narrow, acute: corolla mainly 1.5-2 cm. wide:
berries mostly 5-15 cm. wide, red. — Pinelands and cultivated grounds. Nat.
of Trop. Am., and cultivated. F. K. (Ber., Bah., Cuba, Ant.) — Tomato.

4. CAPSICUM [Tourn.] L. Herbs or shrubs, unarmed. Leaf-blades flat,
entire, or repand. Flowers axillary or cymose. Calyx truncate or minutely
lobed. Corolla usually white, nearly rotate: lobes nearly as long as the tube.
Anthers longer than the glabrous filaments. Stigma minute. — Pepper.

Calyx-lobes manifest : corolla-lobes broadly acute. 1. C. haccatum.

Calyx-lobes obsolete : corolln-lobes rather abruptly pointed. 2. C. frutcscens.

1. C. baccatum L. Stems 1-3 m. tall: leaf -blades ovate, oblong-ovate to ovate-
lanceolate, 2-5 cm. long: calyx mainly 2.5-3 mm. long: corolla about 5 mm.
long: berries 5-10 mm. long, red. — Hammocks. — F. K. (Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

2. C. frutescens L. Stems 0.5-2 m. tall: leaf -blades ovate to ovate-lanceolate,
1-3 cm. long: calyx mainly 1.5-2 mm. long: corolla about 4 mm. long: berries
8-12 mm. long, red. — Hammocks. — F. K. (Cuba, Ajit.)

5. LYCIUM L. Shrubs or woody vines, commonly spiny. Leaf -blades
thick, sometimes terete, entire. Flowers axillary, sometimes clustered. Calyx
markedly lobed. Corolla white or colored, funnelform, salverform, or nearly
campanulate: lobes longer than the usually short tube, or shorter. Anthers
shorter than the pubescent filaments. Stigma dilated.

1. L. carolinianum Walt. Plants 3-15 dm. tall, with recurving branches:
leaves succulent, 0.5-2 cm. long: calyx-lobes deltoid or triangular-ovate, acute:
corolla blue or lilac, or nearly white; lobes 3-6 mm. long: berries red, 8-12 mm.
long. — Coastal sand-dunes and hammocks. — F. K. (Cuba.)

Family 6. EHRETIACEAE. Ehretia Family.

Shrubs, trees, or sometimes herbs. Leaves mainly alternate : blades
mostly entire. Flowers perfect, cymose. Calyx of 5 (4—6), partly united
sepals. Corolla of 5 (4^6), partially united petals. Androecium of 5 (4-6),
stamens, the filaments more or less adnata to the corolla-tube. Gynoecium
2-4-carpellai-y : styles 2 and distinct, or partially united, or united by
pairs. Fruit dnipaceous or of 4 nutlets.

Styles, and stigmas, 4, unequally united by pairs : drupe with a 4-celled stone :

cotyledons plaited or corrugated. 1. Sebesten.

Styles, anfl stigmas, 2 : drupe with 2 or 4 stones : cotyledons flat. 2. Bocrbebia,

1. SEBESTEN Adans. Shrubs or trees. Flowers in open clusters.
Sepals usually united to above the middle. Corolla bright-colored, shallowly or
deeply lobed. Filaments adnate to above or below the middle of the corolla-
tube. Fruits included, adnate to the accrescent calyx.

158 HELIOTEOPIACEAE.

1. S. Sebestena (L.) Britton. Shrub or small tree, the twigs strigose; leaf-
blatles ovate or oblong-ovate, 8-12 em. long, undulate or repand: calyx 14-19
mm. long; tube eylindric: corolla-lobes much shorter than the tube: fruits
oval or ovoid, 2-3 cm. long. — Coastal hammocks and sand-dunes. — F. K.
{Bah., Cuba, Ant.) — Geiger-tree.

2. BOUE.REBIA P. Br. Shrubs or trees. Flovrers in corymbose cymes.
Sepals united to above the middle. Corolla white or colored, prominently
lobed. Filaments adnate to above or below the middle of the corolla-tube.

Drupes 0-11 mm. wide: corolla-tube much exceeding the calyx. 1. B. revoluta.
Drupes 7-8 mm. wide : corolla-tube about equalling the calyx or

slightly longer. 2. B. casslnifoUa.

1. B. revoluta H.B.K. Shrub or small tree: leaf -blades oblong to obovate,
mostly 2-7 cm. long, abruptly pointed, rounded, or notched, smooth or
rough-pubescent and ciliate: cymes several-flowered: calyx 6-7 mm. long;
lobes ovate, mostly less than ^ as long as the tube: corolla white; tube much
exceeding the calyx; larger lobes 5-6 mm. wide: anthers about 2..5 mm. long:
drupes orange, slightly depressed, 9-11 mm. wide. — Pinelands. — F. K. {Cuba,

Ant.) ROUGH-STRONGBACK.

2. B. cassinifolia (A. Eich.) Griseb. Shrub or small tree: leaf -blades oval,
elliptic, obovate, or cuneate, 1-2. .5 cm. long, mostly obtuse or retuse, smooth,
glabrous, and eciliate, at least at maturity slightly veiny in age: cymes few-
flowered: calyx 5-6 mm. long; lobes triangular to ovate-triangular, f, as long as
the tube: corolla white; tube about as long as the calyx or slightly exceeding
it; larger lobes about 4 mm. wide: anthers about 2 mm. long: drupes much
depressed, 7-8 mm. wide. — Pinelands.— (C'M&a). Smooth-strongback.

Family 7. HELIOTEOPIACEAE. Heliotrope Family.

Herbs, shrubs, or woody vines. Leaves alternate : blades entire, or
rarely toothed. Flowers perfect, mostly in scorpioid spikes or racemes.
Calyx of 5 more or less united sepals. Corolla various, of 5 partially
united petals. Androecium of 5 stamens, the filaments more or less adnate
to the corolla-tube. Gynoeeium 2-^-earpellary. Stigma annular, sur-
mounted by an appendage. Fruit drupaceous, or dry and of 2— i nutlets.

Shrubs, trees or woody twiners : fruit drupaceous. 1. Todrnefortia.

Herbs or shrubby herbs : fruit dry, separating into nutlets. 2. Heliotropiom.

1. TOURNEFORTIA L. Plants erect or climbing. Sepals well united
(ours). Corolla white or pale. Stamens adnate to near the top of the corolla-
tube. Fruit drupaceous.

1. T. gnaphalodes (Jacq.) R. Br. Fleshy shrub, .3-18 dm. tall, the pubescence
white or whitish: leaf-Vjlades linear-spatulate, 4-10 cm. long: calyx-lobes shorter
than the tube: corolla-lobes 2-.3 mm. long: fruit ovoid, about 5 mm. long. —
Coastal sand-dunes. — F. K. {Ber., Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

2. HELIOTROPIUM [Tourn.] L. Plants erect, diffuse or prostrate.
Sepals nearly distinct. Stamens adnate to the lower part of the corolla-tube.
St3ie very short. Fruit 4-lobed, an aggregate of 4 nutlets. — IIeliotuope.

Inflorescence bractless : corolla white: plants annual. 1. II. parviflorum.

Inflorescence bracted : corolla yellow: plants ppronniiil.

Plants with erect branches : corolla-lobes ovate, obtuse :

flowers inodorous. 2. H. Lcavcnworthii.

Plants with radially prostrate branches : corolla-lobes del-
toid, acute : flowers fragrant. 3. H. horizontalc.

VERBENACEAE. 169

1. H. parviflorum L. Plants 2-12 dm. tall: leaf -blades elliptic to oblong-
lanceolato, 2-7 ciii. long, veiny: calyx-lobes lanceolate to linear, 1-1.5 mm. long:
corolla white; tu])e 1-1.5 mm. long: fruits about 2 mm. wide. — Hammocks, —
F. K. {Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

2. H. Leavenworthii Torr. Plants 2-11 dm. tall: leaf-blades linear to linear-,
elliptic, 1-2 cm. long: calyx-lobes lanceolate, 3-4 mm. long: corolla pale-
yellow. — Everglades. — F. K.

3. H. horizontale Small. Plants with radially prostrate branches, 1-5 cm.
long, often matted: leaf -blades linear or nearly so, 0.8-1.6 cm. long: calyx-
lobes lani-colato, 4-5 mm. long: corolla golden-yellow. — Pinelands.

Family S. VERBENACEAE. Vervain FAiiiLV.

Herbs, shrubs, or trees. Slenis commonly angled. Leaves alternate,
opposite, or whorled : blades simple or rarely compound. Calyx of 4 or 5
partially or wholly united sepals. Corolla of 4 or 5 partially united petals,
sometimes 2-lipped. Androecium of 2 or 4 stamens, the filaments more
or less adnate to the corolla-tube. Gynoecium 2^-carpellary, the style
terminal. Fruit baccate or drupaceous, or an aggregate of 2 or 4 nutlets.

Inflorescence centripetal : ovules erect.

Flowers in heads, spikes or spike-like racemes.
Fruit of 2 or 4 nutlets, dry.

Stamens 4 : fruit not imbedded in the rachis.

Fruit of 4 nutlets. 1. Verbena.

Fruit of 2 nutlets.

Herbs with procumbent or creeping stems. 2. Phyla.
Shrubs or shrubby plants with upright

stems. 3. Goniostachyum.

Stamens 2 : fruit imbedded in excavations of the

thick rachis. 4. Valerianoides.

Fruit drupaceous. 5. Lantana.

Flowers in open racemes. 0. Citiiakexylum.

Intlorosc-ence centrifugal, cymose : ovules laterally attached.

Corolla regular : stamens equal. 7. Callicarpa.

Corolla irregular : stamens paired. 8. Clerodendrox.

1. VERBENA [Tourn.] L. Kerbs. Leaf-blades coarsely toothed or
dissected. Flowers in depressed capitate spikes, which elongate somewhat in
age, the bracts narrow. Calyx tubular, 5-lobed. Corolla white or colored,
salverform. Anthers of the larger stamens with an appendaged connective.

1. V. maritima Small. Perennial, the diffuse or widely creeping branches 2-20
dm. long: leaf -blades cuneate to orbicular-obovate, 1-4 cm. long, incised, few-
toothed or lobed: calyx 9-11 mm. long, the larger lobes subulate-lanceolate:
corolla purplish : nutlets 4 mm. long. — Hammocks, pinelands and coastal sand-
dunes. — Verbena.

2. PHYLA Lour. Herbs. Leaf-blades toothed or lobed. Flowers in
congested axillary spikes, the bracts cuneate to flabellate. Calyx flattened,
2-lobed. Corolla 2-lipped: tube scarcely exceeding the calyx. Frog-fruit.

Leaf-blndes not rugose, shallowly toothed above the middle : corolla less than 2.5

mm. long. 1. /'. nodipora.

Leaf-blades rugose, saliently toothed throughout : corolla over

2.5 mm. long. 2. P. stoechadifolia,

1. P. nodiflora (L.) Greene. Plants soft-strigillose with creeping branches 2-13
dm. long: leaf-blades spatulate, 1-3 cm. long: spikes 10-30 mm. long: calyx
about 2 mm. long: corolla about 2 mm. long: fruits about 1 mm. long. —
Everglades. — F, K. {Ber., Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

160 VERBEXACEAE.

2. P. stoechadifolia (L.) Small. Plants rough-strigillose, diffuse or with
vine-like branches: leaf-blades thick, narrowly oblong to lanceolate, 2-12 cm.
long, acute, serrate, rugose, the veins impressed above, prominent beneath:
heads globose or depressed, becoming cylindric, sometimes elongate: calyx
2-2.5 mm. long: corolla purplish or pinkish, about 3 mm. long: fruits 1.5-2
mm. long. — Everglades. — {Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

3. GONIOSTACHYUM Small. Shrubs or shrubby plants. Leaf-blades
mostly toothed. Flowers in congested axillary spikes, the bracts 4-ranked, of
an ovate type, keeled. Calyx flattened, 2-lobed. Corolla 2-lipped: tube gla-
brous within, much longer than the calyx.

1. G. citrosum Small. Stems pale-gray or whitish: leaf -blades lanceolate to
elliptic-lanceolate, 2.5-6 cm. long, shallowly serrate, pubescent: spikes de-
pressed, short peduncled, 4-6 mm. long: bracts ovate: calyx about 1 mm. long:
corolla white, about 4.5 mm. long; limb about 3 mm. broad: nutlets 1.5 mm.
wide. — Hammocks. — ( Cuba. )

4. VALERIANOIDES Boerh. Herbs, or shrubby plants. Leaf-blades
toothed. Flowers sessile on a stout rachis or in excavations. Calyx often
unequally 5-lobed, scarcely accrescent. Corolla white or colored, salverform,
slightly 2-lipped. Stamens 2. Staminodia 2.

1. V. jamaicensis (L.) Kuntze. Plants with spreading branches, 6-15 dm.
long: leaf -blades oblong, ovate, or oval, 2-8 cm. long: spikes virgate, quill-
like: corolla blue, 8-11 mm. long; limb 7-8.5 mm. wide. — Pinelands and coastal
sand-dunes. — F. K. {Ber., Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

5. LANTANA L. Shrubs or rarely herbs, sometimes prickle-armed.
Leaf-blades toothed. Flowers in congested, flat-topped spikes. Calyx shal-
lowly 2-5-lobed, or truncate. Corolla white or colored: tube slightly curved:
limb irregular. Stamens 4.

Flower-heads involucrate : corolla mainly white.

Outer bracts of the involucre ovate. 1. L. invoTucrata.

Outer bracts of the involucre lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate. 2. L. odorata.
Flower-heads bracted, but not involucrate : corolla yellow, orange
or reddish.
Plants with prostrate stems and branches : drupes 2.5-3.5

mm. long. 3. L. depressa.

I'lants with erect stems and branches : drupes 4-5 mm. long. 4. L. ovatifolia.

1. L. involucrata L. Shrub 4-17 dm. tall, with puberulent or tomentulose
foliage: leaf -blades oval, obovate, or suborbicular, 1-3 cm. long, usually
cuneate at the base: outer bracts of the involucre 4-7 mm. long, ciliolate:
calyx becoming 1.5 mm. long: corolla white or pale-purple; tube 2-4 mm. long;
limb 2-4 mm. high. — Hammocks. — F. K. {Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

2. L. odorata L. Similar to L. involucrata in habit: leaves similar but com-
monly larger: bracts of the involucre narrower, the outer lanceolate or oblong-
lanceolate: flowers often smaller. — Hammocks. — F. K, {Ber., Bah., Cuba,
Ant.)

3. L. depressa Small. Shrub with unarmed prostrate branches, 2-11 dm. long:
leaf-blades ovate to elliptic, 1-3.5 cm. long: spikes less than 2.5 cm. wide:
corolla-tube 5-6 mm. long: stone of the drupe globose, 2-3 mm. long, scarcely
beaked. — Pinelands.

4. L. ovatifolia Britton. Branches 2 m. tall or less: leaf -blades ovate, 3-7 cm.
long, crcnate-serrate: spikes over 2.5 cm. wide: corolla-tube 9-10 mm. long:
stone of the drupe ovoid, about 5 mm. long, beaked. — Hammocks. {Bah.)

VERBENACEAE. 161

6. CITHAREXYLUM L. Shrubs or trees, sometimes spiny. Leaf-blades
mainly entire, i'lowois in clusters or long spikes. Calyx obscurely 5-lobeil.
Corolla mainly white: tube straight or nearly so: limb slightly oblique, nearly
equally S-lobed. Staniinodia present. Drupe rather dry.

1. C. fruticosum L. Shrub or small tree, with softly pubescent twigs: leaves
5-15 cm. long; blades elliptic, oblong, or oblong-obovate, veiny: llowers in
spikes or racemes: fruit 9-10 mm. long. [C. villosum Chapm. Not Jacq.J
— Hammocks. — F. K. (Bah., Cuba, Ant.) — Fiddlewood.

7. CAIjLICARPA L. Shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades simple. Flowers
in axillary cymes. Calyx shallowly 4-lobed, or nearly truncate. Corolla white
or colored, rotate-funnelform, typically 4-lobed: tube straight. Filaments
adnate to the lower part of the corolla-tube, glabrous. Stigmas stout. Drui>e
very juicy.

1. C. americana L. Shrub 1-2 m. tall, stellate-pubescent: leaf-blades ovate,
elliptic, or oval, serrate: calyx 1-1.5 mm. long: corolla bluish or pink; limb
about 5 mm. wide, the rounded lobes apiculate: fruit violet or magenta, 4-5
mm. in diameter. — Pinelands and hammocks. — (Ber., Cuba.) — Frexch-mul-

BEKRY.

8. CLERODENDRON [Burm.] L. Trees, shrubs or half-shrubs. Leaf-
blades simple, toothed. Flowers in dense terminal cymes. Calyx prominently
5-lobed. Corolla white or colored, funnelform or salverform, 5-lobed, the tube
slightly curved. Filaments adnate to above the middle of the corolla-tube.
Stigmas slender. Drupe lobed or ribbed.

1. C. fragrans Vent. Plants 0.5-1.5 m. tall, the twigs pubescent: leaf-blades
ovate to deltoid, 6-14 cm. long, irregularly toothed, finely pubescent beneath,
long-petioled: calyx 14-16 mm. long; lobes lanceolate, acuminate, ciliate:
corolla 22-28 mm. long (flowers often double) ; lobes nearly as long as the
tube. — Pinelands and cultivated grounds. Nat. of China and Japan, and culti-
vated.— {Ber., Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

Family 9. AVICENNIACEAE. Black-mangrove Family.

Shrubs or trees of maritime regions, the branches terete, nodose.
Leaves opposite, persistent : blades entire. Flowers in axillary small
cymes. Calyx of 5 nearly distinct sepals. Corolla of 4 partially united
petals, campanulate-rotate. Androecium of 4 stamens, the filaments adnate
to the lower part of the eoi'olla-tube. Gynoecium of 2 united carpels.
Fruit a compressed oblique cajDsule.

1. AVICENNIA L. Leaf-blades thick. Cymes peduncled. Calyx sub-
tended by small bracts. Corolla inconspicuous, the tube and spreading lobes
about equal in length. Stamens erect. Stigmas 2. Capsule thick-walled.

1. A. nitida Jacq. Shrub, or tree sometimes 25 m. tall: leaf-blades leathery,
oblong or nearly so, 3-8 cm. long, dark-green above, pale beneath: calyx 3^
mm. long: corolla white; lobes longer than the tube: fruits oblong or elliptic,
3-5 cm. long, acutish. — Coastal hammocks. — F. K. (Ber., Bah., Cuba, Ant.) —
Black-mangrove.

Flora of Miami 11

162 LAMIACEAE.

Family 10. LAMIACEAE. Mint Family.

Herbs or woody plants, often aromatic. Stems 4-sided. Leaves
opposite or whorled : blades simple, entire, toothed, or lobed. Flowers
perfect, in open or compact cymes. Calyx of 5 partially united sepals,
regular or 2-lipped. Corolla of 5 partially united sepals, 2-lipped or
nearly regular. Androecium of 2-A stamens, the pairs often irregular.
Gynoecium 2-carpellary. Ovary 4-celled. Fruit of 4 nutlets included in
the cah'x.

Gynoecium with 2 united 2-lobed carpels : ovary 4-lobed : style not basal : nutlets
laterally attached.
Corolla very irregular, the upper lip very short or obsolete. 1. TincitirM.
Corolla nearly regular, the upper lip prominent. 2. Teiciiostema.

Gynoecium with 4 distinct, or nearly distinct, lobes : style
basal : nutlets basally attached.
Calyx with a transverse crest on the upper side of the

upper lip ; lip entire. 3. Scutellaria.

Calyx crestless : lip lobed.

Corolla conspicuously 2-lipped ; lips different, the upper
one concave.
Anther-bearing stamens 4. 4. Dracocephalum.

Anther-bearing stamens 2. • 5. Salvia.

Corolla nearly regular, or if 2-lipped, the upper lip
flat, not concave.
Stamens 2 or 4 ; filaments straight and spreading

or converging under the upper corolla-lip. 6. Pycnothymus.

Stamens 4, didynamous. the lower pair the longer,
lying on the lower corolla-lip.
Calyx with nearly equjil lobes : corolla with a

saccate drooping lower lip. 7. IIyptis.

Calyx with a broad decurrent upper lobe : corolla-
lobes nearly equal. 8. Ocimom.

1. TEUCRIUM [Tourn.] L. Herbs. Leaf -blades toothed. Flowers in
raceme-like panicles. Calyx 2-lipped. Corolla mainly pink, very irregular:
upper lip split: lower lip 3-lobed, projecting beyond the upper lip: tube rela-
tively long. Stamens lying against the upper lip.

1. T. Nashii Kearney. Stems 3-14 dm. tall: leaf-blades narrowly oblong to
lanceolate, 4-14 cm. long, whitish-pubescent beneath: calyx becoming 6-7
mm. long; lower lobes blunt: corolla pink, 15-20 mm. long. — Everglades —
Germander.

2. TRICHOSTEMA L. Herbs or shrubby plants. Leaf-blades entire or
repand. Flowers in axillary cymes. Calyx very irregular, 2-lipped. Corolla
somewhat 2-lipped, the upper lip longer and narrower than the lower lip.
Stamens lying against the lower corolla-lip.

1. T. dichotomum L. Plants 1-20 dm. tall: leaf-blades oblong to oblong-
lanceolate, 2-7 cm. long: calyx becoming 8 mm. long; larger lip sharply 3-
lobed: corolla nearly 1 cm. long: nutlets 2 mm. long. — Hammocks. — Blue-
curls.

3. SCUTELLAHIA L. Herrbs or shrubby plants. Leaf-blades entire or
toothed. Flowers axillary or in racemes. Calyx 2-lipped, the upper lip
crested. Corolla with a long curved tube, 2-lipped, the upper lip arching.

1. S. cubense A. Rich. Plants 1-3 dm. tall, hoary-pubescent: leaf -blades
orbicular-ovate to ovate, 3-6 mm. long, those of the lower ones sometimes
shallowly toothed: calyx becoming 3 mm. long: corolla 14-16 mm. long; lower
lip 7-8 mm. wide: nutlets fully 1 mm. long. [S. longlflora Small.] — Pinelands.
— {Bah., Cuba.) — Skullcap.

LAMIACEAE. 163

4. DRACOCEPHALUM [Touni.] L. Herbs. Leaf-blades typically nar-
row, usually toothed, at least near the apex. Flowers in spike-like racemes.
Calyx essentially regular: lobes 5, shorter than the tube. Corolla 3-lipped:
upper lip arched, entire: lower lip 3-lobed. Stamens 4: filaments elongate, one
pair, at least, glabrous.

1. D. leptophyllum Small. Stems 6-10 dm. long: leaf -blades thin, oblong or
nearly so, mostly 3-7 cm. long, repand: calyx-lobes lanceolate to triangular-
lanceolate: corolla 20-23 mm. long: nutlets 3-3.5 mm. long. [Physostegia
leptophrjUa Small.]— Everglades. — Lion 's-heart.

5. SALVIA [Tourn.] L. Herbs or woody plants. Leaf-blades entire,
toothed, or lobed. Flowers in interrupted or continuous panicles. Calyx 2-
lipped. Corolla 2-lipped: lower lip 3-lobed, the middle lobe much larger than
the lateral ones. Stamens 4, but only 2 anther-bearing, or only 2: each
filament surmounted by a transverse connective, one end of which bears a long
anther.

1. S. serotina L. Stems 1-7 dm. tall, finely pubescent: leaf -blades ovate to
orbicular-ovate, 1-4 cm. long, crenate-serrate : calyx 6-8 mm. long: corolla 6-10
mm. long: nutlets fully 2 mm. long.— Pinelands.— F. K. {Ber., Bah., Cuba,
Ant.)— Sage.

6. PYCNOTHYMUS Small. Shrubs. Leaf-blades narrow, entire.
Flowers in dense raceme-like panicles. Calyx slightly irregular, the upper lip
with 3 narrow lobes, the lower lip with 2 longer lobes. Corolla 2-lipped : lower
lip 3-lobed, the middle lobe slightly larger than the lateral ones.

1. P. rigidus (Bart.) Small. Plants 1-7 dm. tall, hirsute: leaf -blades lanceo-
late, 5-12 mm. long: calyx 2.5-3 mm. long; lobes lanceolate to oblong-lanceo-
late: corolla light-purple, 7-8 mm. long; lobes rounded. — Pinelands.

7. HYPTIS Jacq. Herbs or woody plants. Leaf-blades commonly
toothed. Flowers in often dense axillary cymes. Calyx nearly regular, some-
times oblique, accrescent and ribbed or veiny at maturity. Corolla 2-lipped:
lower lip 3-lobed, the middle lobe saccate. [MesospJwcrum P. Br.]

1. H. radiata Willd. Stems 5-12 dm. tall : leaf -blades ovate to lanceolate or
linear-lanceolate, 2-8 cm. long, remotely serrate : calyx 3-5 mm. long, becoming
about 8 mm. long; tube strongly cross-ribbed at maturity: corolla 8-10 mm.
long: nutlets about 1.5 mm. long. — Everglades and low pinelands.

8. OCIMUM [Tourn.] L. Herbs or woody plants. Leaf-blades often
toothed. Flowers in raceme-like panicles. Calyx strongly 2-toothed: upper lip
a broad lobe : lower lip of 2 broad lobes and 2 narrow lobes. Corolla slightly
2-lipped: lower lip of 3 nearly equal lobes.

1. O. micranthum Willd. Stems 2-5 dm. tall, branched: leaf-blades ovate to
oblong-ovate, 1-4 cm. long, serrate: panicles continuous or nearly so: calyx 2
mm. long, becoming 6-7 mm. long, the lower lip with subulate-tipped lobes:
corolla Mhite, pink, or purplish, 4 mm. long; upper lip minutely bearded, lower
lip with a notched middle lobe: nutlets about 1 mm. long.— Pinelands.— F. K.
{Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

164 RHINANTHACEAE.

Family 11. RHINANTHACEAE. Figwort Family.

Herbs, shrubs, or trees. Stems commonly terete. Leaves opposite or
wborled, or alternate : blades entire, toothed, or divided. Flowers perfect,
axillary, or spicate or racemose. Calyx regular or rarely 2-lipped, of 4 or
5 more or less united sepals. Corolla mostly irregular, of 4 or 5 partially
united petals. Androecium of 4, usually didynamous stamens, the fifth
one often represented by a staminodium, or of 2 stamens and 2 starainodia.
Gynoecium 2-carpellary. Ovary 1-celled. Fruit capsular or rarely baccate.

Upper lip, or lobes, of the corolla external in the bud, or wanting.
Corolla with a spur or sac on the lower side.
Corolla-throat open : capsule 2-valved.
Corolla-throat closed by a palate : capsule opening by
a pore.
Corolla without either spur or sac.

Filaments 5, 4 anther-bearing. 1 sterile and different

from the others.
Filaments 2 or 4.

Shrub : corolla elongate.
Herbs : corolla short.

Anther-bearing filaments 4.

Corolla nearly regular, about equally 5-lobed.
Corolla irregular, manifestly 2-lipped.

Flowers peduncled : hypogynous dislj pres-
ent : leaf-blades palmately veined.
Flowers pedicelled : hypogynous disk
wanting : leaf -blades pinnately veined.
Anther-bearing filaments 2.
' . Anther-sacs transverse, separated on a di-

lated connective.
Anther-sacs vertical, contiguous.
Lower lip, or lobes, of the corolla external in the bud.
Sepals distinct or nearly so.

Corolla campanulate ; lobes 5: leaves alternate.
Corolla rotate ; lobes 4 : leaves opposite.
Sepals partially united into a tube.

Corolla campanulate, funnelform or tubular : capsule
not included in the calyx.
Stamens equal.

Stamens unequal, didynamous.
Corolla salverform : capsule included in the calyx.

1. ANGELONIA II. & B. Herbs or woody plants. Leaf -blades narrow,
shallowly toothed. Flowers in terminal racemes. Calyx-lobes 5, almost equal.
Corolla 2-lipped, the tube very short, saccate back of the lower lip, the throat
wide open. Stamens 4, included.

1. A. angustifolia Benth. Plants 1-14 dm. tall, the stem or branches pubes-
cent: leaf-blades linear-spatulate to linear or nearly so, 3-11 cm. long, shal-
lowly toothed: flowers slender-pedicelled: calyx-lobes ovate, ciliate: corolla
about 2 cm. wide, spotted within. — Pinelands and cultivated grounds. Nat. of
Mex., and cultivated. — {Cuba, Ant.)

2. ANTIRRHINUM [Tourn.] L. Erect herbs or vines. Leaf-blades
broad, entire. Flowers axillary, or in racemes or panicles. Calyx-lobes much
longer than the tube. Corolla 2-lippe(l, saccate at the base, the throat closed
by a palate. Capsules opening by subapical pores.

1. A. antirrhiniflorum (Poir.) A. Hitchc. Vine: leaf -blades hastate. 1-4 cm.
long; petioles, and pedicels, often tendril-like: calyx-lobes linear to linear-
lanceolate, 10-15 nun. long: corolla purple or white, 15-25 mm. long: capsules
5-8 mm. in diameter. — Pinelands. Nat. of Texas, and cultivated. — (Ber.,
Bah., Ant.)

].

ANGELONIA.

2.

Antirrhixcm.

3.

Pentstemok.

4.

RUSSELIA.

o.

Bramia.

0.

IlYDROTRIDA.

7.

Mecardoxia.

8.
f>.

Gratiola.

Soph RON ANTHE.

10.
11.

Capraria.
Scoparia.

12.
13.
14.

Afzelia.

Agalinis.

buchnera.

RHINANTHACEAE. 165

3. PENTSTEMON [Mit.hell] L. Herbs. Leaf-blade.s entire, toothed,
or dissected. Flowers borne in racemose or paniculate cymes. Calyx-lobes
5, longer than the tube. Corolla 2-lipped, the lips more or less spreading.
Capsule valvate.

1. P. multiflorus Chai)ni. Stem 4-14 dm. tall: blades of the upper leaves
narrowly oblong to oblong-lanceolate, 3-9 cm. long, entire or undulate-toothed:
calyx-lobes ovate, 3-4 mm. long: corolla white or purple-tinged, 15-20 mm.
long: capsules S 10 mm. long. — Pinelands. — Beard-tongue.

i. BUSSELIA J acq. Shrubs commonly with rush-like stems. Leaves
mostly scale-like or sometimes with small blades. Cymes diffuse. Sepals
broad, nearly distinct. Corolla tubular or tubular-funnelform : lobes very
short. Capsule globular to ovoid.

1. R. equisetiformis Schlecht. & Cham. Stems tufted, spreading or arching,
the branches striate: leaves various, those on twigs with spatulate or obovate
blades 1-1.5 cm. long, those on the stem and branches reduced to short scales:
flowers numerous: calyx 3-4 mm. long; lobes ovate: corolla bright-red, 20-26
mm. long; lobes ovate. [B. juncea Zucc] — Pinelands. Nat. of Mex., and
cultivated. — {Ber., Bah., Ant.) — Fountain-plant. Coral-flower.

5. BRAMIA Lam. Succulent, odorless, creeping herbs. Leaf-blades
broadest above the middle, entire or nearly so, sessile. Flowers axillary.
Calyx with the upper lobe broadest. Corolla nearly regular. Style elongate.

1. B. Monniera (L.) Drake. Stem and branches glabrous, 1-6 dm. long:
leaf-blades 1-2 cm. long, sometimes inconspicuously toothed : outer calyx-
lobes becoming 5-6 mm. long, usually acute: corolla white or pale-blue; upper
lobes refuse: capsules 5-8 mm. long. — Coastal hammocks. — F. K. (Ber., Bah.,
Cuba, Ant.)

6. HYDROTRIDA Willd. Aromatic, succulent, creeping or floating herbs,
the stems terete. Leaf-blades narrowest above the middle, partly clasping.
Flowers axillary. Calyx with the outer lobes cordate. Corolla 2-lipped.
Style elongate.

Upper leaf-blades oblong or ovate-oblong, entire or undulate. i. //. caroUniana,
Upper leaf-blades orbicular or ovate-orbicular, shallowly toothed. 2. //. crrnulata.

1. H. caroliniana (Walt.) Small. Stem and branches 2-6 dm. long: leaf -blades
oblong or ovate-oblong, 1-2 cm. long: outer calyx-lobes becoming 6-7 mm.
long: corolla blue; tube 6-7 mm. long: capsule about 4 mm. long. — Everglades.

2. H. crenulata Small. Similar to H. caroliniana in habit, but larger: leaf-
blades orbicular to ovate-orbicular, 1.5-2.5 cm. long: outer calyx-lobes becom-
ing 10-11 mm. long: corolla blue; tube 7-8 mm. long: capsules about 5 mm.
long. — Everglades.

7. MECARDONIA E. & P. Erect or diffuse, wiry herbs, the stems
angled. Leaf-blades toothed, narrowed at the base. Flowers axillary. Calyx-
lobes 5, unequal. Corolla mainly white or pink, 2-lipped. Stamens 4. Style
short.

Leaf-blades mostly spatulate : upper sepal linear or oblong at maturity : corolla

8-10 mm. long. 1. M. acuminata.

Leaf-blades mostly ovate or oval : upper sepal ovate or oval at

maturity : corolla 5-7 mm. long. 2. M. procumbens.

1. M. acuminata (Walt.) Small. Stem and branches 1-6 dm. tall: leaf-blades
spatulate to oblong or elliptic, 2-5 cm. long, bluntly serrate: calyx-lobes becom-

166 EHINANTHACEAE.

ing 8-10 mm. long: corolla about 10 mm. long: capsules 5-6 mm. long. —
Everglades.

2. M. procumbens (Mill.) Small. Stem and branches 0.5-2 dm. long, pro-
cumbent: leaf -blades oval to elliptic or ovate, 1-1.5 cm. long, sharply serrate:
calyx-lobes becoming 6-8 mm, long: corolla 8-10 mm. long: capsules 4-5 mm.
long. — Hammocks.

8. GRATIOLA L. Rather succulent herbs. Leaf-blades entire or shal-
lowly toothed. Plowers axillary. Calyx-lobes 5, often unequal, sometimes
toothed, glabrous or minutely pubescent. Corolla 2-lipped. Stamens 2.
Staminodia mostly scale-like or wanting. Capsule globular or broadly ovoid.

1. G. ramosa Walt. Stems viscid-puberulent, 1-3 dm. tall: leaf -blades lanceo-
late to linear-lanceolate, 1-1.5 cm. long, sharply few-toothed: calyx-lobes linear-
subulate to narrowly linear-lanceolate, 4-6 mm. long: corolla whitish, 10-12
mm, long: capsules depressed, 1.5-2 mm. long. — Everglades, — Hedge-hyssop,

9. SOPHEONANTHE Benth, Rigid herbs. Leaf-blades narrow, entire.
Flowers axillary. Calyx-lobes 5, unequal, bristly-pubescent. Corolla 2-lipped,
salverform. Stamens 2. Capsule conic to narrowly ovoid.

1, S. hispida Benth. Stems 0.5-2 dm. tall, hispidulous: leaf -blades firm,
linear, 1-1.5 cm. long, revolute: calyx-lobes linear-lanceolate to almost linear,
5-6 mm. long: corolla 10-12 mm. long: capsules about 5 mm. long.- — Pinelands.

10. CAPRAHIA L. Herbs or woody plants. Leaves cauline: blades
toothed. Flowers axillary. Calyx-lobes 5, narrow. Corolla campanulate:
lobes 5, nearly equal, about as long as the tube. Stamens 4 or 5.

1. C. biflora L. Stems 3-15 dm, tall, sometimes pubescent: leaf -blades ob-
lanceolate, euneate or oblong, 1-6 cm. long, shari:)ly-Ferrate, at least above:
calyx-lobes linear-lanceolate to linear-subulate, 4.5-7 mm. long: corolla white
or pink, about 10 mm. long: capsules oval or oval-ovoid, about as long as the
calyx. — Pinelands, hammocks and waste places. — F. K, (Ber., Bah., Citba,
Ant.)

11. SCOPAE.IA L. Herbs or woody plants. Leaf-blades mostly toothed.
Flowers axillary. Calyx-lobes 4 or 5, nearly equal. Corolla rotate: lobes very
broad, longer than the tube. Stamens mostly 4, about equal, the filaments
adnate to the base of the corolla-tube.

1, S, dulcis L. Stems 2-10 dm. tall, glabrous: leaf -blades ovate, elliptic-
oblong, or oblong-lanceolate, 1-3 cm. long: calyx-lobes oblong to oblong-ovate,
about 1.5 mm. long, strongly 3-ribbed: corolla-lobes mainly ovate: anthers
about as long as the filaments: capsules about 2 mm. long. — Pinelands and
cultivated grounds.— (Ba7i., Cuba, Ant.)

12. AFZELIA J. F. Gmel. Herbs. Leaf -blades 1-2-pinnately parted or
dissected. Flowers axillary. Calyx-lobes 5, as long as the tube or somewhat
longer. Corolla mainly yellow, rotate-campanulate : lobes nearly equal, about
as long as the tube. Stamens 4, exserted: filaments adnate to about the
middle of the corolla-tube: anthers longer than the filaments. Capsules ovoid,

1, A. pectinata (Pursh) Kuntze, Stems 2-5 dm, tall, viscid-pubescent: leaf-
blades pinnately parted or pinnatifid at least below: calyx-lobes linear, 2-3
mm. long, obtuse: corolla-lobes oval to suljorbieular, much shorter than the
tube: capsules .5-6 mm. long. — Pinelands.

ACANTHACEAE. 167

13. AGALINIS Kaf.' Slender her1)g. Leaf-blades linear or filiform, entire.
Flowers axillary. Calyx-lobes 5, often minute. Corolla tubular-campanulate,
pink or rose-purple : lobes all spreading, shorter than the tube. Style filiform.
Capsule globular.

Plants perenninl. witli horizontal rootstocks : pedicels erect: corolla plnlc, no yel-
low lines within throat. 1. A. Uniform.
Plants annual, witli lil)r<)us roots: pedicels spreading: corolla
rose-purple, 2 yellow lines within throat.
Pedicels short : stem-leaves opposite.

Stem smooth or sparingly scahrellous : a.xillary fascicles
inconspicuous.
Corolla 2. .5-3. .5 cm. long : flowers evidently pedicelled. 2. A. purpurea.
Corolla 1.5-1.7 cm. long: flowers nearly sessile. 3. A. Harperi.

Stem scabrous : axillary fascicles conspicuous. 4. A. fa.iciculata.

Pedicels long : stem-leaves alternate. 5. A. fllifoUa.

1. A, linifolia (Nutt.) Britton. Glabrous throughout: stems .5-9 dm. tall,
virgately branched: leaf -blades linear: pedicels 10-15 mm. long: calyx-lobes
minute: corolla 3-4 cm. long: capsule 6— S mm. long. [Gerardla linifolia
Nutt.] — Everglades and low pinelands.

2. A. purpurea (L.) Penncll. Stems sparingly scabrellous, 3-9 dm. tall, wide-
branched: axillary fascicles shorter than leaves: leaf -blades linear, ofter nar-
rowly so, scabrous above: calyx-lobes triangular-lanceolate, 1-2.5 mm. long:
capsule 4-6 mm. long. [Gerardia purpurea L.] Everglades, hammocks, and
pinelands. — F. K.

3. A. Harperi Pennell. Stems smooth, 4-8 dm. tall, sparingly branched: leaf-
blades narrowly linear, scabrous above: calyx-lobes triangular-lanceolate to tri-
angular-subulate, less than 1 mm. long: corolla pale rose-purple: capsules 4—5
mm. long. — Everglades.

4. A. fasciculata (Ell.) Eaf. Stems 4-9 dm. tall, much-branched: leaf -blades
linear; axillary fascicles equalling leaves: pedicels 2—5 mm. long: calyx-lobes
triangular-lanceolate: corolla 2.5-3.5 cm. long: capsule 4-7 mm. long. [Ger-
ardia fasciculata Ell.] — Everglades, pinelands, and coastal sand-dunes.

5. A. filifolla (Nutt.) Eaf. Stems 4-6 dm. tall, smooth, much-branched: leaves
filiform; axillary fascicles conspicuous, equalling the leaves: pedicels 10—35 mm.
long: calyx-lobes linear-subulate, less than 1 mm. long: corolla 2.-5-3 em. long:
capsule 4-5 mm. long. [Gerardia filifolia Nutt.] — Everglades and pinelands.

14. BUCHNEKA L. Erect herbs. Leaf-blades usually toothed. Flowers
spieate. Calyx-lobes 5, broad, much shorter than the tube. Corolla blue or
white, salverform : limb oblique. Style short. 'Capsule ovoid.

1. B. elongata Sw. Stems 2-6 dm. tall, scabrous or hispidulous: blades of the
stem-leaves oblong to linear, 1..5-8 cm. long, entire or sparingly toothed:
calyx-lobes acute, the upper ones deltoid: corolla slightly hairy. — Everglades
and low pinelands. — F. K. (Bah., Cuba, Ant.) — Blue-hearts.

Family 12. ACANTHACEAE. Acanthus Family.

Herbs or shnibs. Leaves alternate, opposite, or whorled : blades
simple. Flowers perfect, irreg^^ilar. Calyx of usually 5 partially united
sepals. Corolla of 5 partially united petals, 2-lipped or sometimes essen-
tially regular. Androecium of 4 didynamous or of 2 equal stamens, one
pair being abortive or obsolete. Gynoecium of 2 united carpels. Ovaiy
2-celIed. Ovules commonly 2 in eacb cavity. Fruit a caj^sule, often with
a stipe-like base, the valves opening elastically.

' Contributed by Mr. F. W. Pennell.

1(38 ACAXTHACEAE.

Stems, and branches, clothed with sheathing scales. 1. Tubiflora.

Stems, and branches, not clothed with scales.
Corolla convolute in the bud.

Calyx-lobes bristle-like : anther-sacs armed or pointed at

the base. 2. Dyschoriste.

Calyx-lobes linear to lanceolate : anther-sacs pointless. 3. Rueli.ia.

Corolla imbricate in the bud.

Stamens 4 : anthers 1-celled. 4. Gerardia.

Stamens 2 : anthers 2-celled. 5. Dianthera.

1. TUBIFLORA J. F. Gniel. Eigid herbs. Flowers in terminal spikes.
Calyx-lobes 4 or o, the lateral ones the narrower. Corolla white or blue,
slightly 2-lippeil.

1. T. angustifolia (Fernald) Small. Stems 2-6 dm. tall: basal leaves 4-31
em. long; blades linear, elongate linear-spatulate or narrowly oblanceolate :
bracts acuminate: corolla-lobes much shorter than the tube: capsules about
5 mm. long. — Everglades and low pinelands.

2. DYSCHORISTE Nees. Herbs or woody plants: leaf -blades entire.
Flowers solitary or clustered in the axils. Calyx-lobes 5, very slender. Corolla
blue, purple, or rarely white, slightly 2-lipped. Capsules 2-4-seeded. [Calo-
phanes D. Don.]

1. D. angusta (A. Gray) Small. Stems 1-2 dm. tall: leaves numerous; blades
1-2. .5 cm. long, sjmtulate below to linear-oblong or linear above: calyx-lobes
linear-subulate, 9-11 mm. long: corolla-limb about 10 mm. wide: capsules 7-8
mm. long. [C. angusta A. Gray.] — Pinelands. — F. K.

3. RUELLIA [Plum.] L. Caulescent herbs. Leaf-blades entire or
toothed. Flowers axillary or sometimes in terminal clusters. Calyx 5-lobed,
the lobes narrow. Corolla nearly regular. Capsules 6-20 seeded.

Plants diffuse, with decumbent stems and branches : calyx-lobes bristly pubescent

and ciliatt-. 1- It.lnihrida.

Plants erect, with erect virgate branches : calyx-lobes glabrous

or with remote cilia. 2. B. sticculenta.

1. R. hybrida Pursh. Stems 2-6 dm. long, often diffusely spreading, pubes-
cent. l>ut green: leaf-blades oblong to oblong-lanceolate, 3-10 cm. long:
calyx hirsute; lobes linear-filiform, 1.5-20 mm. long: corolla light-blue, 4-5 cm.
long. — Pinelands. — F. K.

2. R. succulenta Small. Stems 1.5-5 dm. tall, inconspicuously puberulent:
leaf -blades narrowly oblong to spatulate, 2.5-4.5 cm. long: calyx sparingly
ciliate or glabrous; lobes linear-filiform, 13-16 mm. long: corolla deep pur-
plish-blue, about 4 cm. long. — Everglades.

i. GERARDIA L. Mostly scapose herbs. Leaves mainly basal. Flowers
in terminal spikes. Calyx-lobes 5, nearly equal. Corolla with slightly unequal
broad spreading lobes. [Stenandrium Nees.]

1. G. floridana (A. Gray) Small. Plants 2-6 cm. tall: leaf -blades ovate to
oblong or oval, 2-3 cm. long: calyx-lobes linear-subulate, becoming 9-11 mm.
long: corolla rose-purple, 16-20 mm. long: capsules 9-12 mm. long. [S.
floridanum (A. Gray) Small.] — Pinelands.

5. DIAH"THERA [Gronov.] L. Caulescent herbs. Leaf -blades entire or
rarely toothed. Flowers on axillary peduncles. Calyx-lobes 4 or 5, narrow or
slender. Corolla strongly 2-]ippeil : ujijior lip entire or 2dobed; lower lip
3-lobed.

1. D. crassifolia Chapm. Stems 2-4 dm. tall: leaf-blades linear, usually nar-
rowly so, or spatulate near the base of the stem, 3-15 cm. long, fleshy: calyx-

PINGUICULACEAE. 169

lobes linear, 11-15 mm. long, acuminate: corolla bright-purple, 2-2.5 cm. long:
capsules 2-2.5 cm. long. — Kvergla<les ami low pinelands.

Family 13. PINGUICULACEAE.' Blauderwort Family.

Herbs gTowin<i' in water or wet i)laf'e.<5. Leaves submersed and dis-
sected, sometimes resembling- rootlets and often bladder-bearing; or aerial,
basal, entire; or rarely, wanting. Scapes naked or minutely scaly. Flowers
irregular, jDerfect. Cah^x of 2-5 herbaceous sepals. Corolla 2-lii>ped : tube
spurred or saccate. Androecium of 2 stamens, adnate to the corolla-tube
on its upper side. Filaments flattened, twisted. Anthers con fluently
1-eelled. Gynoecium a single 1-celled pistil, Avith a free-central usually
globose placenta. Style thick. Stigma often unequally 2-lipped. Fruit
a capsule, 2-valved or irregiilarly dehiscent.

Calyx of 5 sepals: palate included in the corolla-tube. 1. Pinguicula.

Calyx of 2 sepals : palate at base of lower lip of corolla.
Calyx without l)raetlets : sepals entire.

Pedicels each with a solitary bract at base.
Stems elongate, more or less free-swimming.

Corolla violet-purple. 2. Vesiculin.\.

Corolla yellow. 3. Utricularia.

Stems radiating from the base of the scape, terres-
trial or in shallow water.
Corolla violet-purple: bract 1, tubular. 4. Lecticula.

Corolla yellow : bracts peltate. ■">. Setiscapella.

Pedicels each with a bract and 2 bractlets at base. ('>. Sto.moisia.
Calyx with a pair of bractlets resembling exterior sepals :

scales, bracts, bractlets, and sepals fimbriate. 7. Aranella.

1. PINGUICULA [Tourn.] L. Terrestrial scapose herbs. Leaves in a
basal rosette: blades flat. Scapes usually several, 1-flowered, without scales or
bracts. Sepals 5, more or less united. Corolla spurred at the base, the palate
subulate, included in the tube.

1. P. pumila Michx. Leaves clammy-pubescent: scapes very slender, 5-20 cm.
tall: corolla 1-2 cm. broad; spur subulate, about 3 mm. long, longer than the
sac-like base of the corolla. — Everglades and low pinelands. — F. K. (Bah.) —

BUTTERWORT.

2. VESICUIjINA Eaf. Aquatic herbs. Stems submersed, the lirauches
whorled, decompound. Leaves none. Bladders terminal, the mouth naked.
Scapes 1-4-tlowered : scales below the lowest pedicel none: bractlets none.
Sepals 2, slightly united. Corolla 2-lipped: lower lip 3-lobed, the lateral lobes
saccate, forming together a prominent divergently 2-lobed palate, the middle
lobe short.

1. V. purpurea (Walt.) Eaf. Stems elongate, the branches numerous, whorled,
verticillately decompound: bladders solitary, terminating many of the ultimate
branchlets, the orifices without projecting processes: scapes erect, slender,
spongy-thickened below, 0.5-1.5 dm. tall: pedicels erect or ascending: calyx
becoming 2.-^-3 mm. long: corolla violet-purple. 12 mm. broad; spur conic,
somewhat flattened, about i as long as the middle lobe of the lower lip. —
Everglades. — (Cuba.)

3. UTKICULAULA L. Aquatic herbs. Stems submersed, the branches
alternate or from the l>ase of the scapes. Leaves alternate, dissected. Blad-
ders borne on the leaf-segments, the mouth with a pair of bristles. Scapes
1-many-flowered : scales below the lowest pedicel several: bractlets none.

^ Contributed by Dr. John Hendley Barnhart.

170 PINGUICULACEAE.

Sepals 2, slightly united. Corolla 2-lippefl : lower lip flat, spreading, with a

prominent 2-lobed palate. — Bl.vddertvort.

Scapes each with a whorl of conspicuous inflated floats. 1. U. radiata.

Scapes without conspicuous inflated floats. 2. U. foUosa.

1. U. radiata Small. Stems elongate: leaves dichotomously dissected, copiously
bladder-bearing: scapes erect, 6-12 cm. tall, bearing near the middle a single
whorl of 4-7 conspicuous inflated floats, which are more or less confluent at
the base and pinnately dissected near the tip: racemes 1-3-flowered: pedicels
8-20 mm. long, spreading or recurved in fruit: calyx becoming 2-3 mm. long:
corolla yellow, about 1.5 cm. broad, the upper lip concave, nearly entire, the
lower lip 3-lobed, about twice as long as the appressed conic emarginate spur.
— Everglades.

2. U. foliosa L. Stems 9-30 dm. long: leaves 3-10 cm. long; blades forked,
each fork pinnately 4-5-dissected into very fine or capillary segments, the
segments fewer when the bladders are more numerous: bladders 2 mm. long
or less: scapes erect, 1-3 dm. tall: racemes 10-20-flowered: pedicels 1-2 cm.
long, recurving at maturity: calyx becoming 4-5 mm. long: corolla yellow,
15-20 mm. broad, the upper lip erect, nearly entire, the lower lip spreading,
slightly 3-lobed; spur not appressed, slenderly conic, slightly curved, shorter
than the lower lip: capsules few-seeded. — Everglades.— (i?a7i., Cuba, Ant.)

4. LECTICULA Barnh. Herbs. Stems radiating from the base of the
scape, usually submerged. Leaves alternate, usually 3-parted, the segments
linear. Scapes 1-flowered, the pedicel continuous with the scape: bract tubu-
lar, the free margin truncate, notched: bractlets none. Sepals 2, nearly dis-
tinct. Corolla transverse at the summit of the scape, 2-lipped, the palate a
mere convexity.

1. L. resupinata (B. D. Greene) Barnh. Stems short, root-like: leaves scat-
tered; blades simple or forked near the base, the segments slender, capillary,
often bladder-bearing: scapes erect, 2-10 cm. tall: calyx 1.5-2 mm. long:
corolla violet-purple, 8-12 mm. long; spur conic, obtuse, distant from the lower
lip. — Everglades.

5. SETISCAPELLA Barnh. Terrestrial herbs, with short root-like
branches from the base of the scape. Leaves delicate, evanescent and rarely
seen: blades linear. Bladders minute, 2-horned. Scapes 1-niany-flowered :
scales below the lowest pedicel scarious, peltate: bracts scarious, peltate:
bractlets none. Sepals 2, nearly distinct, scarious, ribbed. Corolla 2-lipped,
the lower lip divergently 3-lobed, with a 2-lobed palate.

1. S, subulata (L.) Barnh. Scapes rooting in mud, filiform, bronze-colored,
3-20 cm. tall: racemes 1-12-flowered: raehis becoming zigzag when well-
developed: pedicels ascending, 2-10 mm. long, surpassing the bracts: calyx be-
coming 2 mm. long: corolla yellow, 6-12 mm. long, 4-6 mm. broad, the lower
lip much larger than the upper one, equally 3-lobed ; spur oblong, appressed,
nearly as long as the lower lip. — Everglades and low pinelands. — (Bah., Cuba,
Ant.)

6. STOMOISIA Eaf. Terrestrial herbs. Stems delicate, root-like. Leaves

delicate, rarely seen : blades linear. Bladders minute, beaked but without

bristles. Scapes 1-many-flovvered : scales below the lowest pedicel several,

basally inserted: bracts each accompanied by a pair of bractlets. Sepals 2,

slightly united. Corolla 2-lipped, the upper lip clawed, the lower consisting

chiefly of the helmet-shaped, laterally compressed palate.

Corolla less than 1 cm. broad; spur about G mm. long. 1. 8. juncea.

Corolla more than 1.5 cm. broad; spur about 12 mm. long. 2. S.cornuta.

BIGNONIACEAE. 171

1. S. juncea (Vahl.) Barnh. Scapes rooting in mud, erect, 1-4 dm. tall:
racemes spike-lii^e, 3-12-flowered : corolla yellow, less than 1 cm. broad; lower
lip larger than the upper, rather pointed ; spur horndike, acute, slightly curved,
pendant, about 13 mm. long. — Everglades. — {Bali., Cuba, Ant.)

2. S. comuta (Michx.) Raf. Scapes rooting in the mud, 1-3 dm. tall:
racemes spikedike, 2-5-flowered, the flowers approximate: corolla yellow, 1.6-2
cm. broad: lower lip much larger than the upper, abrui)tly pointed; spur
horndike, acute, slightly curved, pendant, about 12 mm. long. — Everglades. —
(Bah.)

7. AKANELLA Barnh. Terrestrial herbs. Leaves in a basal rosette,
often fugacious: blades linear. Scapes 1-several-flowered: scales below the
lowest pedicel numerous, peltate, fimbriate: bracts fimbriate: bractlets above
the base of the very short pedicels, mimicking exterior sepals, fimbriate.
Sepals 2, slightlv united, fimbriate. Corolla 2dipped. [Cosmisa Small, not
Raf.]

1. A. fimbriata (H.B.K.) Barnh. Leafdjlades linear, 5-6 mm. long: scapes
5-15 cm. high: racemes 1-7-flowered, spikedike: corolla yellow, 6-8 mm.
broad; spur subconic, about as long as the lower lij^. [Utricitlaria fmbriata
H.B.K.] — Low pinelands, especially along the everglades. — (Cuba.)

Family 14. BIGNONIACEAE. Trumpet-creeper Family.

Shmbs, trees, woody vines, or rarely herbs. Leaves opposite, or
rarely alternate or whorled, often tendril-bearing: blades simple or pin-
nately compound. Flowers perfect, usually show^y. Calyx of usually 2
•more or less united sepals. Corolla 5-lobed, in-egular, or 2-lipped. An-
droecium of 5 stamens, with 1 or 3 of them reduced to staminodia, or of 4
didynamous stamens. Anthers with mostly divaricate sacs. Gjiioecium
of 2 united carpels. Ovaiy 1-eelled or 2-celled by the meeting of the
placentae. Fruit a capsule. Seeds winged or appendaged.

Leaf-blades compound, the leaflets with toothed blades : capsules long and slender,

dehiscent. 1. Tecoma.

Leaf-blades simple, entire : capsules short and stout, indehiscent. 2. Enai,lai;ma.

1. TECOMA Juss. Shrubs or erect partially herbaceous plants. Leaf-
blades unequally pinnate. Flowers clustered. Calyx tubular-campanulate,
nearly equally 5-lobed. Corolla with the tube gradually enlarged into the
funnelform throat. Seeds membranous-winged.

1. T. stans (L.) Juss. Plants 1-8 m. tall: leaves 1-2.5 dm. long; leaflets
7-13, the blades lanceolate to elliptic, or narrower, 4-10 cm. long, coarsely
serrate: calyx 3-5 mm. long; lobes often triangular: corolla yellow, 3.5-4.5
cm. long: capsules 10-20 cm. long. — Hammocks. — F. K. (Bah., Cuba, Ant.)
— Yellow trumpet-flower.

2. ENALLAGMA Baill. Trees with scaly bark. Leaves alternate: blades
mainly leathery, relatively wide. Flowers solitary or clustered. Calyx oblique.
Corolla mainly white, the tube and throat folded on the lower side. Capsule
oblong to subglobose. Seeds wingless.

1. E. latifolia (Mill.) Small. Tree becoming 8 m. tall: leaf-blades 7-15 cm.
long, abruptly pointed: calyx-lobes obtuse: corolla dull purple or creamy on the
lower side. 5-6 cm. long: capsules oblong to oval, 6-10 em. long. [Crcscentia
latifolia Mill. Sometimes confused with C. ovata Burni. f.] — Hammocks. —
F. K. (Cuba, Ant.) — Black-callabash.

172 PLANTAGINACEAE.

Order PLANTAGINALES.

Annual or perennial herbs. Leaves wholly or mainly basal, or
crowded on a simple or branched caiulex: blades typically 1-several-ribbed.
Flowers perfect, monoecious, or dioecious, spicate. Calyx of 4 (3-5),
partially united or distinct sepals. Corolla of 4 (3-5), partially united
scarious and veinless petals. Androecium of 4^-2 stamens (or 1 stamen).
Gynoeeium typically 2-carpellai-y. Ovary superior. Fruit capsular,
usually a pyxis.

Family 1. PLANTAGINACEAE. Plantain Family.

Annual or perennial herbs. Leaf-blades typically 1-several-ribbed.
Corolla-lobes spreading. Style and stigma elongate.

1. PLANTAGO [Tourn.] L. Leaf-blades broad or narrow. Spikes
usually elongate. Filaments partially aclnate to the corolla-tube. — Plantain.

Leaf-blades broad : bracts obtuse, inconspicuous : spikes long and narrow.

1. P. major.
Leaf-blades narrow : bracts acuminate, conspicuous : spikes short

and thick. 2. P. lanceolata.

1. P. major L. Leaves .5-3.5 cm. long; petioles usually green at the base;
blades ovate or oval, or rarely oblong, entire or coarsely toothed: scapes 8-40
em. tall: spikes 4-20 cm. long: bracts short: calyx-lobes ovate or obovate,
obtuse: corolla-tube about as long as the calyx: capsules about 3 mm. long. —
Hammocks and waste places. Nat. of Eu. — (Ber., Bali., Cuba, Ant.)

2. P. lanceolata L. Leaves 4-30 cm. long; blades linear-elliptic to broadly
elliptic, acute at the apex, or acuminate at both ends: scapes 1-7 dm. tall,
ridged: spikes cylindric, dense, 1-S cm. long: bracts rhombic, 4-5 mm. long:
calyx-lobes broadly oblong to oval, 2-3 mm. long, obtuse, the 2 lower ones
with closely subparallel midribs: corolla-lobes broadly lanceolate, 2-2.5 mm.
long: capsules oblong, 3 mm. long. — Pinelands and roadsides. — F. K. Nat. of
Eu. — (Ber., Bah., Cuba, Ant.) — Eibwort. Eib-grass.

Order SANTALALES.

Herbs, shrubs, or trees, mostly root- or tree-parasites. Leaves with
expanded blades, or scale-like. Flowers inconspicuous, perfect or im-
perfect. Calyx present, but often a mere border. Corolla present or
wanting. Androecium of as many stamens as there ai-e sepals, or petals,
or twice as many. Gynoeeium of several united carjiels: ovai-y more or
less inferior. Fruit a drupe, a nut, or a berry.

Family 1. OLACACEAE. Ximenia Family.

Shrubs, trees, or vines. Loaves usually alternate: blades entii'e or
rarely toothed. Flowers perfect or polygamous, regular, in dichotomous
or raceme-like cj'mes. Calyx of 4-G small sepals, surmounting the hyi)an-
thium. Corolla of 4-6 distinct or united petals. Androecium of 4-12
stamens. Gynoeeium .3-4-carpellary. Fruit a drupe.

RUBIACEAE. 173

Petals united to alxtve the middle : stamens as many as the corolla-lobes and oppo-
site them : drupe nearly enclosed in the disk. 1. Schoepfia.

Petals nearly distinct : stamens twice as many as the petals : drupe

naked. 2. XrMEM.\.

1. SCHOEPFIA Schrel). I'liarnied shrults or trees. Leaf-blades thick.
Hypaiithiuiii lillcd with an elevated disk. Sejials broad. Corolla campanulate.
Anthers oval or ovoid. Ovary about i inferior.

1. S. chrysophylloides (A. Rich.) Planch. Shrub or small tree, with pale
branches: Icaf-lilados ovate to oblong-ovate, 2-G cm. long: corolla red or
greenish, about 4 mm. long; lobes ovate, glabrous: drupes ovoid or oval-ovoid,
10-12 mm. long. [S. Schrcberi Small. Not J. F, Gmel.]— Hammocks,— F. K.
(Bah., Cuba, Ant.) — Whitewood.

2. XIMENIA [Plum.] L. Thorny shrubs or trees. Leaf -blades thick.
Hypanthium without an elevated disk. Sepals minute. Corolla rotate.
Anthers linear. Ovary nearly superior.

1. X. americana L. Shrub or small tree, with dark branches: leaf -blades
oblong to elliptic or nearly so, 3-7 cm. long: corolla about 10 mm. long; lobes
linear, densely pubescent within : drupes subglobose or broadly oval, 14-17
mm. long. — Pinelands, hammocks and coastal sand-dunes. — F. K. {Bah.,
Cuba, Ant.) — Tallow- wood.

Order RUBIALES.

Herbs, shrubs, or trees. Leaves opposite, sometimes whorled. Flowers
perfect or polygamous, axillarj' or cymose. Hypanthium present. Calyx
of 2 or more, often small, sepals. Corolla of 3 or more partially united
petals. Androeeium of as many stamens as there are corolla-lobes or twice
as many. Gynoeeium 2-several-carpellary. Ovary wholly or partially
inferior. Fruit a capsule, a beriy, or a drupe.

Leaves with stipules adnate to the stems between the leaf-bases.

Fam. 1. RtJBiACEAE.
Leaves without stipules, or if present these adnate to the

petiole. Fam. 2. Caprifoliaceae.

Family 1. RUBIACEAE. Madder Family.

Herbs, shrubs, trees, or vines. Leaves opposite or whorled with
interpetiolar stipules. Flowers perfect or polygamous, regtilar or nearly
so. Calyx of 2-6, or more, sepals surmounting the hyj^anthium, or obso-
lete. Corolla of 3-6, or more, partially united petals. Androeeium of as
many stamens as there are calyx-lobes and alternate with them. Gynoe-
eium 2-several-carpellary.
Seeds wingless : anthers and filaments short : ovary and hypanthium short.

1. IIOUSTOMA.

Seeds winged: anthers and filaments long: ovary and hypan-
thium long.
Cavities of the ovary with several or many ovules : seeds
several or many.
Fruit dry. 2. Exostema.

Fruit pulpy.

Fruit 2-celled.

Flowers in cymes. .1. Pasasia.

Flowers solitary. 4. Ranpia.

Fruit 5-celled. 5. Hamelia.

Cavities of the ovary with a single ovule each : seed
solitary.

174

EUBIACEAE.

Flowers in dense heads, the hypanthia not coalescent.
Flowers solitary or in an open inflorescence, or if
clustered, the hypanthia coalescent.
Ovule pendulous.

Filaments wholly or partly adnate to the

corolla-tube.
Filaments not adnate to the corolla-tube.
Inflorescence terminal.
Inflorescence axillary.
Ovule not pendulous.

Ovule or seed with a basal attachment.
Ovule or seed with a lateral attachment.
Shrubs or trees.

Flowers in terminal clusters, the hypan-
thia coalescent : sepals minute or
obsolete.
Flowers axillary and solitary : sepals
slender.
Herbs.

Stipules relatively small or inconspicu-
ous, more or less cleft.
Ovary 3- or 4-celled.
Ovary 2-celled.

Mature carpels merely separating
from each other.
Styles partially united : stigmas
slender : corolla salverform.
Styles united to the top : stigma
capitate or 2-lobed : corolla
funnelform.
Mature carpels dehiscent.

Fruit septicidal, and both car-
pels ventrally dehiscent.
Fruit separating into carpels,
one of which opens through
the ventral face, the other
remaining closed.
Stipules foliaceous, usually resembling
the leaves.

6. Cephalanthus.

7. guettaeda,

8. Erithalis.

9. Chiococca.

10. psychotria.

11. MORINDA.

12. Eenodea.

13. RiCHARDIA.

14. DiODIA.

15. DiODELLA.
IC. BOERERIA.

17. SrERMACOCE.

18. Galium.

1. HOUSTONIA L. Erect or creeping herbs. Leaf-blades na^ro^v or
broad. Flowers in open or compact cymes. Sepals 4, commonly narrow.
Corolla funnelform or salverform: tube long: lobes mostly shorter than the
tube. Stamens 4: filaments adnate to above the middle of the corolla-tube.
Style slender. Capsule seated on or in the hypanthium, flattened.

1. H. filifolia (A. Gray) Small. Plants loosely or diffusely branched, 0.5-2
dm. tall: blades of the stem-leaves narrowly linear to subulate, 0.5-3 cm.
long: sepals lanceolate, becoming deltoid, scarcely 1 mm. long: corolla white
or purplish; tube about 3 mm. long, sparingly pubescent within: capsules
globose-obovoid, about 1.5 mm. long.— Pinelands. — F. K.

2. EXOSTEMA L. C. Eich. Shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades leathery.
Flowers axillary or in paniculate cymes. Sepals 5, short. Corolla with a
slender tube and 5 narrow lobes. Stamens 5 : filaments adnate to the base of
the corolla-tube, pubescent below : anthers narrowly linear, exserted. Capsule
elongate. Seeds winged.

1. E. caribaeum (Jacq.) E. & S. Shrub or small tree, the foliage glabrous:
leaf -blades oVjlong to elliptic, 2-6 cm. long: sepals 1-2 mm. long: corolla white
or , rose-tinged ; the tube 3.5-4 cm. long; lobes narrowly linear: capsules
elliptic, 10-12 mm. long. — Hammocks. — F. K. (Bah., Cuba, Ant.) — Prince-
wood.

3. CASASIA A. Eich. Unarmed shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades leathery.
Flowers in axillary cymes. Sepals 5, broad or narrow. Corolla with a stout

EUBIACEAE. ] 75

tube and 5 relatively broad lobes. Stamens 5 : filaments adnata to the lower
part of the eorolla-tube: anthers elongate, linear-sagittate, included. Berry
thick,

1. C. clusiifolia (,laeq.) Urban. Shrub or small tree, the bark pale: leaves
clustered at the branch-tips; blades cuneate to obovate, 5-15 cm. long:
hypanthium turbinate: sepals subulate: corolla white; tube 16-20 mm. long;
lobes acuminate, shorter than the tube: berries mainly obovoid, 5-7 cm. long.
[Genipa clusiifolia (Jaeq.) Griseb.] — Coastal hammocks and sand-dunes. —
F. K. (Ber., Bah., Cuba.) — Seven-year apple.

4. RANDIA [IToust.] L. Armed shrubs or trees. Leaves relatively few:
blades leathery. Flowers axillary. Sepals 4-5, short. Corolla with a short
tube and 4 or 5 very broad lobes. Stamens 4 or 5 : filaments adnate to near the
top of the eorolla-tube: anthers oblong or nearly so, included. Berry globuar
or elongate.

1. R. aculeata L. Shrub 0.3-3 ni. tall: leaves 1.5-5 cm. long; blades spatu-
late to oval, elliptic, or suborbicular : sepals triangular to ovate, about 1 mm.
long : corolla white ; tube 5-7 mm. long ; lobes oblong to ovate : berries oval
to subglobose, 8-10 mm. long, greenish-white. — Pinelands and hammocks. —
F. K. (Ber., Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

5. HAMELIA Jacq. Unarmed shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades mem-
branous. Flowers in dichotomous cymes. Sepals 5, minute. Corolla with a
narrow flftited tube and 5 very short lobes. Stamens 5 : filaments adnate to
the base of the corolla-tube: anthers linear, included. Berry thick.

1. H. erecta Jacq. Shrub 2-3 m. tall: leaf-blades elliptic, oblong, or elliptic-
ovate, 8-15 cm. long: hypanthium turbinate: corolla crimson, 1.5-2.3 cm.
long; lobes 2-3 mm. long: berries oval or ovoid, 5-7 mm. long, black. IH.
patens Jacq.] — Hammocks. — F. K. (Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

6. CEPHALANTHUS L. Shrubs or trees. Leaf -blades thinnish. Flowers
in capitate cymes. Sepals usually 4, rounded. Corolla with a long tube and
usually 4 short lobes. Stamens usually 4: filaments adnate up to the throat
of the corolla-tube: anthers oblong or nearly so. Nut-like fruit obpyramidal.

1. C. occidentalis L. Shrub or small tree: leaf -blades oblong, lanceolate, or
ovate-lanceolate, .5-20 cm. long, short-petioled : flower-heads globose, 2.5-3.5
em. thick: sepals about 3.5 mm. long: corolla white, about 10 mm. long; lobes
ovate to oblong-ovate: nutlets 7-8 mm. long. — Everglades. — Buttoxbush.

7. GUETTARDA L. Shrubs or trees. Leaf -blades thin or thickish.
Flowers in axillary peduncled cymes. Sepals 2-4 or more, short, or obsolete.
Corolla with a long tube and 4 or more, shorter lobes. Stamens 4-9 : filaments
adnate to the top of the corolla-tube: anthers narrow, but short. Drupe
globular.

Corolla 6-S mm. long : leaf-blades striglllose or glabrate, not rugose. 1. O. elUptica.
Corolla 20-25 mm. long : leaf-blades scabro-pubescent, rugose. 2. G. scabra.

1. G. elliptica Sw. Shrub or small tree: leaf -blades thin, mainly oblong, oval,
or obovate, 2-4 cm. long: corolla-lobes mostly 4: style glabrous: drupes 8-15
mm. in diameter. — Hammocks and pinelands. — F. K. (Bah., Cuba, Ant.) —
Yelvet-seed.

2. G. scabra Vent. Shrub or small tree: leaf -blades thick, mainly oblong,
oval, or oblong-ovate, 4.5-8 cm. long, or rarely smaller: corolla-lobes mostly

1 76 RUBIACEAE.

6 or 7 : style pubescent : drupes about 6 mm. in diameter. — Hammocks and
pinelau<ls. — F. K. (Bah., C%iha, Ant.) — Bough velvet-seed.

8. ERITHALIS P. Br. Shrubs. Leaf-blades leathery. Flowers in ter-
minal cjTnes. Sepals 5-10, short, obsolete. Corolla with a short tube and 5-10
narrow lobes. Stamens 5-10: filaments adnate to the base of the corolla-tube:
anthers oblong to linear. Drupe berry-like.

1. E. fruticosa L. Shrub with glabrous foliage: leaf -blades oval to oblong-
obovate, 2.5-5 cm. long, lustrous: sepals minute: corolla white; lobes oblong.
3-5 mm. long: berries subglobose, 3-4 mm. thick, dark-purple. — Coastal ham-
mocks and sand-dunes. — F. K. (Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

9. CHIOCOCCA P. Br. Shrubs or vines. Leaf-blades leathery. Flowers
in axillary raceme-like cymes. Sepals 5, short. Corolla with a relatively short
tube and 5 shorter lobes. Stamens 5: filaments long, essentially free from the
corolla-tube and united around the base of the style: anthers linear. Drupe

globular. SXOWBERRY.

Corolla-lobes about 3 mm. long : anthers about 3 mm. long : seeds 4-5 mm. long.

1. C. ana.
Corolla-lobes about 2 mm. long: anthers about 2 mm. long: seeds

2-2.5 mm. long. 2. C. pinetorutn.

1. C. alba (L.) A. Hitchc. Large, mostly diffus-e or reeliuiug, plants: leaf-
blades elliptic, oval, or ovate, 3-7 cm. long: corolla white, often becoming yellow;
tube 7-8 mm. long: drupes white, 5.5-6.5 mm. in diameter. — Haiflmocks. —
F. K. (Bah., Cuba, Aiit.)

2. C. pinetorum Britton. Small, trailing plants: leaf -blades elliptic to oblong
or sometimes oval, broadest below the middle, 1-3 cm. long: corolla perma-
nently white; tube 3.5-4 mm. long: drupes white, 4-4.5 mm. in diameter. —
Pinelands.— F. K. (Bah., Cuba.)

10. PSYCHOTRIA L. Shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades thinnish. Flowers
in terminal or axillary cymes. Sepals 4-6, short and broad. Corolla with a
relatively short tube and 4^6 usually somewhat shorter lobes. Stamens 4-6:
filaments adnate to near the top of the corolla-tube: anthers oblong to oval.
Drupe thick, often berry-like. — Wild-coffee.

Corolla-lobes as long as the tube: leaf-blades glabrous. 1. P. undata.

Corolla-lobes shorter than the tube : leaf-blades pubescent beneath. 2. P. Sulzuoi.

1. P. undata Jacq. Shrub or small tree, the branches glabrous: leaf -blades
oval, elliptic, or elliptic-lanceolate, 6-15 cm. long: corolla white; tube 2.5-3
mm. long: anthers oval: drupes 5-7 mm. long, red. — Hammocks. — F. K.
(Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

2. P. Sulzneri Small. Shrub, the branches pubescent: leaf -blades narrowly
oblong, elliptic, or elliptic-lanceolate, 8-15 cm. long: corolla white; tube 2-2.5
mm. long: anthers oblong: drupes 3-4 mm. long. [P. tenui folia Griseb. Not
Sw.] — Hammocks.

11. MORINDA [Vaill.] L. Shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades rather thin.
Flowers in capitate cymes, the hypanthia coalescent. Sepals usually 5, minute
or obsolete. Corolla with a relatively short tube and usually 5 somewhat
shorter lobes. Stamens usually 5: filaments adnate to near the top of the
corolla-tube: anthers linear. Drupes united into a fleshy syncarp.

RUBIACEAE. 177

1. M. Roioc L. Shnili or vine: leaf-blades oblonfr to cuneate, 5-10 cm. long:
corolla white or redilish; lobes oblong or oblong-lanceolate. 2.5-3. .5 mm. long:
syncarp 2-3.5 cm. long, yellow. — Pinelands and hammocks. — F. K. {Ber.,
Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

12. EKNODEA tjw. Diffuse or vine-like shrults. Leaf-blades leathery.
Flowers axillary. Sepals 4-6, narrow. Corolla with a long tube and 4-6
relatively long lobes. Stamens 4-6: filaments adnate to the top of the corolla-
tube: anthers narrow. Drupe thin-fleshy.

Sepals about ]4 as long as the corolla-tube : anthers narrowly linear. 1. E. llttoraUs.
Sepals about M- as long as the corolla-tube : anthers narrowly oblong. 2. E. angusta.

1. E. littoralis Sw. Stem and branches prostrate: leaves fleshy; blades mainly
elliptic, sometimes narrowly so, 2-3.5 cm. long: corolla white; tube mostly
over 10 mm. long: anthers over 2 mm. long: drupes mainly globular. — Coastal
sand-dunes and rocky shores. — F. K. (Bah., Cuba, Aiit.)

2. E. angusta Small. Stem and branches more slender than those of E.
littoralis: leaves firm; blades linear, 2-4 cm. long: corolla usually reddish;
tube mostly less than 10 mm. long: anthers over 1.5 mm. long: drupes mainly
oval.— Pinelands.— F. K. (Bah.)

13. RICHARDIA L. Annual or perennial diffuse herbs. Leaf -blades herba-
ceous. Flowers in contracted involucrate cymes. Sepals 4-8, rather broad.
Corolla with a relatively short tube and 4-8 shorter lobes. Stamens 4-8:
filaments adnate to the top of the corolla-tube: anthers oblong to oval.
Mature carpels separating from each other.

1. R. brasillensis (Moq.) Gomez. Perennial, the branches diffuse: leaf-blades
elliptic to oblong, 1.5-4 cm. long: sepals ovate to oblong-ovate, becoming
about 1 mm. long: corolla-lobes fully J as long as the tube: anthers oval:
mature carpels obovoid. — Waste places. Nat. of S. Am.

14. DIODIA [Gronov.] L. Perennial creeping herbs. Leaf -blades soft-
herbaceous. Flowers axillary. Sepals 2. Corolla white or pink, salverform,
with a long slender tube and 4 narrow lobes. Stamens 4: filaments adnate to
the top of the corolla-tube, the free portion elongate: anthers linear. Stigmas
filiform. Drupe thin-fleshy, ribbed.

1. D. virginiana L. Stems branching, 1-15 dm. long, sparingly pubescent on
the angles: leaf-blades thinnish, spatulate to linear-oblong or linear-elliptic,
3-8 cm. long, acute or acuminate: sepals linear to linear-lanceolate, 4-6 mm.
long: corolla-tube 6-8 mm. long: fruits 7-9 mm. long. — Everglades. — Button-
weed.

15. DIODELLA Small. Annual diffuse herbs. Leaf-blades firm-herba-
ceous. Flowers axillary. Sepals 4. Corolla funnelform, with a relatively
short thick tube and 4 broad lobes. Stamens 4: filaments adnate up to the
top of the corolla-tube, the free portion very short: anthers oval or ovoid.
Stigma capitate or 2-lobed. Capsular fruit crustaceous, lobed.

1. D. rigida (Cham. & Sehlecht.) Small. Branches procumbent or prostrate,
finely pubescent: leaf-blades thick, linear to linear-lanceolate, mostly 1-3.5 cm.
long, acute, minutely rough-pubescent; stipules long-setose: sepals ovate to
ovate-lanceolate, 1.5-2 mm. long: corolla white or pinkish, 10-15 mm. long:
lobes ovate to ovate-lanceolate: capsules obovoid, 2.5-3 mm. long. [D. rigida
Cham. & Sehlecht.]— Pinelands.— (Cw&a, .4)if.)— Buttonweed.

Flora of Miami 12

178 CAPEIFOLIACEAE.

16. BOBBEEIA Meyer. Herbs or woody plants. Leaf-blades herbaceous.
Flowers in compact axillary cymes. Sepals usually 2, sometimes 4, unequal.
Corolla with a short tube and 4 broad lobes. Stamens 4: filaments adnate to
the top of the corolla-tube: anthers globular to oval. Capsule with each carpel
open along the inner face.

Calyx-lobes triangular or lanceolate: corolla much longer than the calyx: filaments
longer than the anthers. 1. B. podocephala.

Calyx-lobes subulate, corolla about as long as the calyx : fila-
ments very short. 2. B. parviflora.

1. B. podocephala DC. Perennial, 0.5-3 dm. tall: leaf -blades linear-spatulate
to linear, often narrowly so, 1-3 cm. long, veinless: corolla-lobes over 1 mm.
long. — Pinelands. — F. K. (Cuba, Ant.)

2. B. parviflora Meyer, Annual, 1-9 dm. tall: leaf -blades oblong to elliptic,
linear-oblong, or linear, 1-2.5 cm. long, veiny: corolla-lobes over 1 mm. long.
— Pinelands. — F. K. (Cuba, Ant.)

17. SPEEMACOCE [Dill.] L. Herbs or woody plants. Leaf-blades
herbaceous. Flowers in dense, axillary cymes. Sepals usually 4. Corolla with
a short tube and 4 broad lobes. Stamens 4: filaments adnate at least to the
lower part of the corolla-tube: anthers oval or globular. Capsule with 1
dehiscent and 1 indehiscent carpel.

1. S. tenuior (L.) Lam. Stems 1-5 dm. tall, often pubescent: leaf-blades oblong,
elliptic, or oblong-lanceolate. 2-5 cm. long: corolla-lobes ovate, shorter than the
tube: fruits over 2 mm. long, coarsely hispidulous. — Hammocks. — F. K. (Ber.,
Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

18. GALIUM L. AVeak or wide-spreading herbs. Leaves with blades
and stipules about equal in size. Flowers in simple or rarely branched cymes,
the ultimate flower-stalks bracted. Sepals usually obsolete. Corolla rotate,
mostly 4-lobed. Stamens usually 4. Fruit didymous, the carpels leathery or
succulent.

1. G. bermudense L. Plants diffuse, the stems 1-6 dm. long: blades of the
leaves, and stipules, oval-oblong, 5-25 mm. long, cuspidate, pellucid-punctate
and pubescent beneath: flowers 3-5 together: corolla greenish-white; lobes
narrowly ovate, about 2 mm. long: fruits about 5 mm. thick, baccate.
[Galium Itispidulum Michx.] — Hammocks. — F. K. (Ber., Bah.) — Bedstraw.

Family 2. CAPRIFOLIACEAE. Honeysuckle Family.

Shrubs, trees, vines, or perennial herbs. Leaves opposite: blades
entire, toothed, or pinnate. Flowers mostly perfect, in terminal or axil-
lary cymes, or axillary. Calyx of mostly 4 or 5 minute or foliaeeoua
sepals. Corolla of 4 or 5 partially united petals, often irregular. Androe-
cium of 4 or 5 stamens: filaments partially adnate to the corolla-tube.
r4ynoecium 2-5-carpellarj'. Ovary inferior.

1. SAMBUCUS [Tourn.] L. Shrubs or trees, with pithy stems. Leaf-
blades pinnate. Flowers in thyrsoid or flat-topped cymes. Sepals minute.
Anthers oblong or oval. Ovary 3-5-cellod. Drupes juicy.

1. S. intermedia Carr. Shrub or small tree: leaflets 5-11, the blades oblong to
ovate or oval, 3-14 cm. long, serrate, with incurved teeth: cymes convex:
corolla .5-6 mm. wide: drupe 4-6 mm. in diameter. — Hammocks. — (Cuba, Ant.)
— Elder.

ASARACEAE. 179

Order ARISTOLOCHIALES.
Herbs, shrubs, or vines. Leaves alternate : blades mostly cordate or
hastate. Flowers perfect, often conspicuous. Hypanthium mostly ad-
nate to the ovary. Calyx regular or vei-y irregular. Corolla wanting or
rudimentaiy. Androecium of as many stamens as there are calyx lobes
or more. Gynoecium of usually G united carpels. Fruit a capsule.

Family 1. ASARACEAE. Birthwort Family.

Perennial herbs, shrubs, or vines. Leaves alternate : blades sometimes
lobed, generally cordate. Flowers perfect, regular or very irregular.
Calyx usually colored, the tube often bent or inflated. Androecium of
6-many stamens. Gynoecium of 4—6 united carpels. Ovary mostly in-
ferior. Fniit capsular.

1. AEISTOLOCHIA [Tourn.] L. Caulescent herbs, shrubs, or vines.
Leaves with narrow or broad blades. Flowers irregular, often S-shaped, or
resembling a dutch-pipe, the calyx often eoralloid. Hypanthium often ribbed.
Ovary inferior. Styles united into an angletl column. Capsules pendulous.

1. A. pentandra .Taoq. Stems reclining and twining: leaf-blades ovate, 4-10
cm. long: hypanthium minutely pubescent: calyx nearly straight, the limb
narrow, nearly erect: capsules globular, 15-20 mm. long, wing-angled. —
Coastal hammocks. — F. K. (Bah., Cuba.)

Order CAMPANULALES.
Herbs, or rarely shi-ubs or trees. Leaves mainly alternate: blades
simple, entire, or divided. Flowers perfect, monoecious, or dioecious,
sometimes irregular. Hypanthium well-developed. Calyx of several dis-
tinct or partially united sepals. Corolla of several distinct or paiiially
united petals. Androecium of 1-5 stamens. Anthers distinct or connate.
Gynoecium of 1-several united carpels, the ovary wholly or partially
inferior. Fruit capsular, baccate, or dmpaceous.
Endosperm wanting: flowers monoecious or dioecious: plants mainly vines.

Fam. 1. CUCUEBITACEAB.

Endosperm present : flowers perfect or mainly so.

Corolla regular. Fam. 2. Campanulaceae.

Corolla split on one side and otherwise more or less
irregular.
Stigma not indusiate : stamens united by either the

anthers or filaments or both. Fam. 3. Lobeliaceae.

Stigma indusiate : stamens distinct or rarely united

by the anthers. Fam. 4. Brunoxiace.^e.

Family 1. CUCURBIT ACE AE. Gourd Family.

Vines, usually tendril bearing. Leaves alternate : blades palmately or
pedately veined, and commonly lobed. Flowers monoecious or dioecious.
Calyx of 4 or 5, or rarely 6, distinct or partially united sepals. Corolla of
4 or 5, or rarely 6, distinct or partially united petals, sometimes adherent to
the calyx. Androecium of 3 stamens (2 anthers 2-colled and 1 anther
1-celled), or rarely of 1, 2, 4 or 5 stamens. Filaments sometimes imited.
xVnthers straight or bent. Gynoecium 1-several-carpellary. Styles united.
Fruit a fleshy or partially dry berry.

180 LOBELIACEAE.

Anthers straight or nearly so, distinct ; sacs separated. 1. Melothkia.
Anthers contorted, cohering ; sacs contiguous.

Berry smooth, beakless : ovules, and seeds, 1-4 in each cavity. 2. Cataponia.

Berry vrarty, beaked : ovules, and seeds, many in each cavity. 3. Momokdica.

1. MELOTHRIA L. Vines. Leaves with toothed or lobed blades.
Flowers mainly monoecious. Hypanthium of the ijistillate flowers relatively
short. Berry juicy, the rind tender. Seeds flat.

1. M. crassifolia Small. Stems nearly glabrous or hispidiilous: leaf -blades
suborbieiilar, reniform, or ovate in outline. 3-8 cm. wide, with 3-5 shallow or
obtuse undulate lobes or angular shallow-toothed lobes: hypanthium glabrous
or pubescent : corolla yellow, 6-8 mm. wide : berries oblong or oval, 10-25 mm.
long. — Hammocks. — F. K. — Creeping-cucumber.

2. CAYAPONIA Manso. Amines. Leaves with toothed or lobed blades.
Flowers monoecious or dioecious. Corolla rotate or broadly campanulate, rela-
tively small. Pistillate flowers ^^-ith staminodia. Ovary 3-celled, smooth.
Stigmas dilated. Berry juicy, with a tender rind.

1. C. racemosa (Sw.) Cogn. Stems glabrous or nearly so: leaf-blades thick,
6-13 cm. long, 3-lobed, closely hispidulous beneath; petioles glabrous or nearly
so: staminate corolla 8-10 mm. wide: berries oblong to oval, 15-20 mm. long.
— Hammocks. — {Bah., Cuba, A7it.)

3. MOMORDICA L. Annual or perennial vines. Leaves with entire, lobed
or pedately dissected blades. Flowers monoecious or dioecious. Staminodia
of the pistillate flowers gland-like, or wanting. Style slender. Stigmas 3.
Berry warty.

1. M. charantia L. Stems creeping or climbing, often greatly elongate: leaf-
blades 4-12 cm. wide, 5-7-lobed, the lobes with acute or obtuse teeth; villous
or glabrate: sepals oval or oval-ovate, 3-4.5 mm, long: petals yellow, 1-2 cm.
long: berries 4-12 cm. long, golden-yellow: seeds oblong, 12-16 cm. long. —
Waste places and cultivated grounds. Nat. of the Tropics. — F. K. (Bah.,
Cuba, A7it.) — Balsam- APPLE.

Family 2. CAMPANULACEAE. Bellflower Family.

Herbs or woody plants. Leaves alternate : blades entire, toothed, or
lobed. Flowers perfect, regular, sometimes dimorphous. Calyx of 5
sepals, or fewer in cleistogamous flowers. Corolla of 5 partially united
petals. Androeeium of 5 distinct stamens. Gynoecium 2-5-carpelIan>', the
ovaiy more or less inferior. Fruit capsular.

1. CAMPANUIjA [Tourn.] L. Perennial or sometimes annual herbs.
Leaf-blades entire to lobed. Flowers perfect, all alike and complete. Hypan-
thium relatively short in age. Corolla mostly campanulate. Stamens included.
Capsule oi)ening by lateral perforations or valves.

1. C. floridana S. Wats. Stems 2-4 dm. long, smooth: leaf-blades 1-4 em.
long, those of the upper leaves narrowly lanceolate to linear-lanceolate: sepals
linear-lanceolate, 6-9 mm. long: corolla blue or pale-purple, 6-8 mm. long:
capsules obovoid, 4 mm. long: seeds about 0.5 mm. long, rugose. — Everglades.

Family 3. LOBELIACEAE. Lobelia Family.

Herbs, or rarely trees, tlie sap often milky. Leaves alternate: blades
entire, toothed, or parted. Flowers perfect, or rarely dioecious, irregular.

BRUNONIACEAE. 181

Calyx of 5 sepals. Corolla more or less 2-]ii>j)C'(l, the tube open on one
side to the base. Androecium of 5 stamens, the tllaments sometimes
cohering'. Gynoecium mostly 2-carpellary, the ovary more or less inferior.
Fruit capsular or baccate.

1. LOBELIA L. Annual or perenniul herbs. Leaf-blades entire, sinuate
or toothed. Flowers in spikes, racemes or panicles. Hypanthium mostly
ribbed. Sepals entire or often glandular-toothed. Corolla variously colored
or white: upper lip 2-lobed: lower lip 3-lobed. Anthers in a ring around the
style, 2 often smaller than the others. Ovary 2-celled. Capsule 2-valved.

Leaves mostly cauline : corolla over 2 cm. long: androecium about 1.5 cm. long.

1. L. (jiandulosa.
Leaves mostly basal: corolla less than 1.5 cm. long: androecium

about 1 cm. long. 2. L. paludosa.

1. L. glandulosa Walt. Stems 3-12 dm. tall: loaf -blades linear-oblanceolate to
linear, 2-15 cm. long, repand or shallowly toothed: hypanthium pubescent:
sepals linear-lanceolate, 6-9 mm. long, glandular-denticulate: corolla deep-
blue; lobes of the lower lip broadly ovate. — Everglades.

2. L. paludosa Nutt. Stems 2-7 dm. tall: leaf -blades linear-spatulate, or
rarely oblong-obovate to linear. 3-25 cm. long, entire or sinuate-crenate:
hypanthium glabrous: sepals lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 3-5 mm. long,
shallowly toothed or often entire: corolla light-blue; lobes of the lower lip
narrowly ovate. — Everglades and low pinelands.

Family 4. BRUNONIACEAE. Goodenia Family.

Herbaceous or woody plants. Leaves alternate or sometimes opposite r
blades entire, toothed, or i^innatifid. Flowers perfect. Calyx of 5 par-
tially united sepals, or rarely obsolete. Corolla of 5 equally or unequally
united petals. Androecium of 5 distinct stamens. Gynoecium mostly of
2 united carpels, the ovaiy mostly inferior. Stigma surrounded with an
indusium. Fruit drupaceous, baccate, or cajDsular.

1. SCAEVOLA L. Succulent herbs or shrubs. Leaf -blades mostly entire.
Flowers irregular, in cymes. Calyx 5-lobed, or obsolete. Corolla-tube open to
the base on one side, the lobes winged. Stigma with a ciliate indusium. Berry
with a fleshy exocarp.

1. S. Plumieri Vahl. Plants 3-18 dm. tall: leaf-blades obovate to spatulate,
4-6 cm. long: calyx-lobes rounded: corolla white or jjinkish, 22-28 mm. long,
woolly within; lobes linear to lanceolate: berries oval to globular, 10-1-i mm.
long, black. — Coastal sand-dunes. — F. K. (Ber., Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

Order CARDUALES.

Herbs, shrubs, or rarely trees. Leaves mainly alternate : blades entire,
toothed, or divided. Flowers perfect, monoecious, or dioecious, few or
many aggregated on a receptacle and surrounded with an involucre, or
the involucre rarely obsolete. Calyx one or two rows of bristles, scales, a
mere border or crown, or obsolete, or wanting. Corolla of several more
or less united petals, or w-anting. Androecium of usually 5 stamens, the
anthers converging, or united. Gynoecium mostly of 2 united carpels.
Ovary inferior. Styles or stigmas mostly 2. Fruit an achene.

182 AMBROSIACEAE,

Flowers with tubular corollas, or those of the outer ones prolonged into liguies.
Stamens distinct, the anthers merely converging about the stigma.

Fam. 1. AMBROSIACEAE.

Stamens united by the anthers, thus forming a tube

around the stigma, except in Knhnia. Fam. 2. Cabddaceae.

Flowers with each corolla prolonged into a ligule. Fam. 3. Cichoriaceae.

FAiiiLY 1. AMBROSIACEAE. Ragwekd Family.

Annual or perennial, woody herbs, the plants often coarse. Leaf-
blades entire, toothed, lobed, or divided. Flowers in inconspicuous heads,
the bracts of the pistillate heads distinct or sometimes united and accres-
cent into a bur. Fruit-producing- flowers aj^etalous or with much reduced
corollas. Achenes subtended by or enclosed in an involucre. Pappus
wanting or obsolete.

Staminate and pistillate flowers in different heads : achenes spiny or tubercled.

1. Ambrosia.
Staminate and pistillate flowers in the same heads : achenes smooth. 2. Iva.

1. AMBROSIA [Tourn.] L. Leaf-blades toothed, lobed, or divided.
Mature pistillate involucre tubereulate or spiny near the top. — Ragweed.

Leaf-segments few : stems erect : staminate corollas less than 2 mm. long.

1. .1. claiior.
Leaf-segments numerous : stem decumbent or prostrate : stami-
nate corollas 2 mm. long or more. 2. A. hhpiOa.

1. A. elatior L. Annual, mostly 3-6 dm. tall or diffuse, the stem and
branches sparingly pubescent: leaf -blades sparingly pubescent, the ultimate
segments lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, acute or acuminate: peduncles slender,
mostly shorter than the involucres: staminate involucres sparingly fine-pubes-
cent: achenes 2-2.5 mm. long, the tubercles at or near the top. [A. artimesi-
folia, L.] — Pinelands and coastal sand-dunes.— F. K. (Ber., Bah., Cuha, Ant.)

2. A. hispida Pursh. Perennial, the stem and branches decumbent or prostrate.
the younger parts hirsute: leaf -blades short-hirsute, the ultimate segments
small, short and rounded: peduncles stout, minutely hirsute: staminate invo-
lucres finely hirsute: achenes 4-4.5 mm. long. — Coastal sand-dunes. — F. 'K.
{Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

2. IVA L. Leaf-blades entire or toothed. Mature pistillate involucre not
tur-like. — Marsh-elder.

Involucres peduncled ; bracts suborbicular or reniform : staminate corollas 2.5-4.5
mm. long : achenes 2-3..') mm. long.
Leaf-blades entire or nearly so : involucres of 6-0 bracts. 1. /. imhricata.
Leaf-blades coarsely serrate : involucres of 4 or r> bracts. 2. /. fruteaccns.
Involucres sessile; bracts obovate : staminate corollas 1.5-2

mm. long: achenes about 1.5 mm. long. 3. I. microccphala.

1. I. imbricata Walt. Stems 3-7 dm. long, smooth and glabrous: leaf -blades
linear-subulate to linear, 2-5 cm. long, glabrous: involucre 3-4 mm. high:
achenes about 3-3.5 mm. long. — Coastal sand-dunes and rocky shores. — F. K.
(Bah., Cuba.)

2. I. frutescens L. Stems 8-35 dm. tall, pubescent or puberuleut: leaf -blades
elliptic, oblong-lanceolate, or oblong-linear, 5-10 cm. long, coarsely serrate:
involucres 3. .5-4 mm. high; bracts 2-3 mm. long: achenes 2-2.5 mm. long. —
Salt marshes.

3. I. microcephala Nutt. Stems 3-9 dm. tall, glabrous or nearly so: leaf-
blades narrowly linear, 2-5 cm. long, entire or slightly toothed: involucres
campanulate, 2 mm. high, each with 3 fructiferous flowers: corolla nearly 2
mm. long: achenes about 1.5 mm. long. — Everglades.

CARDUACEAE.

183

Family 2. CARDUACEAE. Thistle Family.

Ilorbs or rarely slirubs or trees. Flowers borne in heads, the marginal
ones commonly dili'erino- from the central ones in having a 1-sided, more
or less elongate corolla limb. Pappus usually present and often con-
spicuous.

Perfect flowers with regular corollas, or the tube rarely partly open on one side.
Stigmatic linos at the base of the stigma or below the middle.

Stigmas filiform or subulate, hispidulous.
Stigma more or less clavate, papillose-puberu-
lent.
Stigmatic lines extending to the tip of the stigma
or to the appendages.
Anthers without elongated appendages at the
top.
Anther-sacs tailed at the base.
Anther-sacs not tailed at the base.
Keceptaclo naI<od.

Bracts of the involucre well imbri-
cated.
Stigmas of the perfect flowers

with terminal appendages.
Stigmas of the perfect flowers
with truncate or hairy or
papillose tips.
Bracts of the Involucre little if at
all imbricated, except when the
broad outer ones overlap the inner.
Receptacle chaffy.
Anthers with elongated, cartilaginous, mostly
connate appendages at the top.
Perfect flowers, or all, with bilabiate corollas (corol-
las nearly regular in Gochnatia) .

TuiBii I. VERNONIEAE.
Tribh II. EITATORIEAE.

TribH IV. INULEAE.

TuiBii HI. ASTEREAE.

Tribh VI. HELENIEAE.

Tribh
Tribe

VII. SENECIONEAE.
V. HELIANTHEAE.

Tribh VIII. CYNAREAE.
Tribh IX. MUTISIEAE.

Tribe I. VERNONIEAE.
ries: corollas regular: heads neither glomerate nor Involucrate.

1. \ERNONI.^.

Pappus of 2 se

Pappus of 1 series : corollas irregular, split on the inner
side : heads glomerate and Involucrate.

Tribh II. EUPATORIEAB.

2. Elephantopds.

4 bracts, 5-many-flowered.

Achenes 3-5-angled, ribless.
Involucre of more than
Receptacle flat.

Receptacle conic. , ^ ^ ,

Involucre of 4 bracts, or rarely of more, 4-flowered.
Achenes 8-10-ribbed or 8-10-striate.

Bracts of the Involucre herbaceous, neither striate
nor nerved.
Receptacle naked : heads spicate or racemose.
Receptacle chaffy : heads corymbose.
Bracts of the involucre not herbaceous, striate-nerved.

Tribe III. ASTEREAE.
Ray-flowers present, or rarely wanting: plants not
dioecious.
Ray-flowerg with yellow corollas.

Pappus, at least that of the disk flowers, of dif-
ferent series, the inner of capillary bristles,
the outer of scales or of shorter bristles.
Pappus of the ray obsolete or a mere crown :

achenes of the ray turgid.
Pai'pns of the ray copious : achenes of the ray
flattened.
Pappus wholly of capillary bristles.

Receptacle pubescent, flmbriUate : ray-flowers

more numerous than those of the disk.
Receptacle alveolate : ray-flowers fewer than
those of the disk.

EUPATORIUXr.

CONOCLINIUM.

MiKANIA.

Laciniaria.
Carphephords.

KUHNIA.

9. Hetekotiieca.

10. ClIRYSOPSIS.

11. Euthamia.

12. solidago.

184

CAEDUACEAE.

Ray-flowers with white or colored (not yellow)
corollas.
Bracts of the involucre in 3-many series.

Ray-flowers few ; ligules relatively short and

broad : bracts of the involucre leathery. 13. SERicocARPt-s.

Ray-flowers numerous ; ligules relatively long
and narrow : bracts of the involucre mainly
herbaceous. 14. Aster.

Bracts of the involucre in 1 or 2 series.

Kay-flowers with ligules longer than the diam-
eter of the disk. 15. Erigeeox.
Ray-flowers with ligules shorter than the

diameter of the disk. 16. Leptilox

Ray-flowers wanting: plants dioecious. 17.' Bacchaeis

Tbibh IV. IXULEAE.
Heads clustered : bracts of the involucre scarious, her-
baceous.
Bracts of the involucre broad, mainly persistent.
Bracts of the involucre narrow, raainly deciduous.
Heads scattered : bracts of the involucre rigid.

Tribe V. HELIAXTHEAE.
Disk-flowers perfect, but not fruit-producing.
Achenes short and thick, not flattened.
Achenes markedly flattened.

Ray-flowers with relatively large conspicuous

ligules.
Ray-flowers with inconspicuous ligules, the heads
apparently discoid.
Disk-flowers fruit-producing.

Pappus a mere crown or cap, or of few teeth, awns
or bristles.
Achenes, at least those of the disk, not com-
pressed (except in Pliiicth iiku) : bractlets
mostly concave and clasping.
Bractlets of the receptacle mere chaffy awns

or bristles.
Bractlets of the receptacle concave or clasping.
Ray-flowers wanting : bracts of the invo-
lucre dry.
Ray-flowers present : bracts of the invo-
lucre herbaceous.
Achenes of the disk neither sharp-edged,
margined nor winged.
Ray-flowers fruit-producing.

Achenes turgid, those of the disk
obtusely, if at all angled : stems
herbaceous.
Achenes acutely 4-angled, or 3-
angled In the ray : stems woody.
Ray-flowers not fruit-producing.
Achenes of the disk thin-edged, mar-
gined or winged.
Achenes markedly flattened parallel to the invo-
lucral bracts.
Pappus of 2 flmbriolate au-ns, scales or teeth,

or a mere border or wanting.
Pappus of 2-6 awns or teeth, upwardly or
downwardly barlied or hispid.
Pappus of numerous scales.

Receptacle honeycombed by the concretion of the

bractlets.
Receptacle with distinct bractlets.

18. PLtCHEA.

lf>. Pterocauloji.
20. Sach.sia.

21. Acaxthospermum.

22. Berlaxdieea.

23. Parthexium.

24. Verbesixa.

25. Melaxthera.

26. Wedelia.

27. BoRRicniA.
2.S. Heliaxthus.

29. Pjiaethi sA.

30. Coeeop.sis.

31. Bidexs.

32. Actixospermum.

33. Tridax.

Tribe VI. HELENIEAE.
Plant-tissues without oil-glands.

Bracts of the involucre petal-like, the margins and

tips scarious. 34. Polypterir.

Bracts of the involucre narrow, herbaceous.
Bracts of the involucre appressed.

Achenes 4-angled : disk-corollas with a long

throat and a short tul)e ; lobes long. 35. Palafoxia.

Achenes 8-10-ribbed : disk-corollas with a short

CARDUACEAE. 185

throat and a longer tube; lobes short. ot>. Fi.averia.

Bracts of tlu> iuvolucre spreading or reflexed. ;i7. HeleniuM.

Plant-tissues, especially the leaves and bracts of the

involucre with oil-glands. 38. Pectis.

Tribh VII. SENECIONEAE.

Disk-flowers perfect : marginal flowers pistillate. .'!!1. Ekechtites.

Disk-flowers and marginal flowers perfect.

Disk cream-colored or greenish : corolla-throat much

shorter than the tube. 40. Mesadema.

Disk golden, orange or purple : corolla-throat about

as long as the tube. 41. E.milia.

'liunH VIII. CYNAREAE.
Plants with spine-margined leaves. 42. CiRSiUM.

TitiBE IX. MUTISIEAE.
Heads with radiate marginal flowers. 43. Chaptalia.

1. VERNONIA L. Caulescent herbs. Leaves alternate: blades mostly
toothed. Heads not involuurate. Corolla-lobes lanceolate. Anther-appendages
lanceolate to oblong. Pappus double, the outer series of scales or stout bristles,
the inner of numerous capillary bristles.

1. V. Blodgettii Small. Stems 2-8 dm. tall: leaf-blades oblong to linear, 2-4.5
cm. long, entire: involucres 6-7 mm. high; inner bracts oblong or ovate-
oblong, acute: corolla purple. — Everglades and pinelands. — F, K. — Ironweed.

2. ELEPHANTOPUS [Yaill.] L. Perennial scapose or caulescent herbs.
Leaves alternate: lilades shallowly toothed. Heads involucrate. Corolla-lobes
linear-lanceolate. Anther-appendages deltoid to ovate. Pappus single or
double, of several rigid bristles terminating scale-like bases.

1. E. tomentosus L. Stems 2-7 dm. tall, mostly hirsute above: blades of the
basal leaves oblong, oval, or oblong-oblanceolate, crenate-serrate : inner bracts
of the involucre acuminate: bases of the pappus-bristles as long as the breadth
of the achene. — Pinelands. — Elephant "s-foot.

3. EUPATORIUM [Tourn.] L. Caulescent herbs or shrubs. Leaves
alternate or opposite: blades entire, toothed, or dissected. Heads borne in
corymbs. Involucre campanulate to cylindric. Corolla-lobes ovate or triangu-
lar. Anther-appendages ovate. Achene angled. Pappus of capillary bristles.
— Thoroughwort.

Leaf-blades dissected into filiform or narrow segments.
Leaf-segments filiform or nearly so.

Inflorescence-branches secund-recurved : inner involucral bracts prominently
scarious-margined. gradually long-aristate. 1. E. leptophyUum.

Inflorescence-branches fastigiate : inner involucral bracts

obscurely scarious, abruptly short-aristate. 2. E. capillifoUum.

Leaf-segments flat, mostly linear. 3. E. Eugcnei.

Leaf-blades merely toothed or incised.

Shrub. 4. E. rillosiim.

Herbs.

Involucral bracts acute: heads ."-flowered. 5. E. mikanioides.

Involucral bracts obtuse : heads more than 5-flowered.
Involucral bracts very unequal : corollas 3 mm. long
or less : achenes 2 mm. long or less.
Leaf-blades sessile or nearly so : pappus thrice as

long as the achene. 0. E. rccurvans.

Leaf-blades long-petioled : pappus less than twice

as long as the achene. 7. E. scrotinum.

Involucral bracts nearly equal : corollas 4 mm. long :

achenes 2..5 mm. long. H. E. jiicumlum.

186 CAEDUACEAE.

1. E. leptophyllum DC. Stems 4-13 dm. tall, glabrous, with recurved seeund
branches above : leaf -blades with filiform or linear-filiform segments : bracts
of the involucre long-tipped, the inner 3-4 mm. long: corollas about 2 mm.
long: achenes about 1.5 mm. long. — Everglades. — (Bah., Cuia.)

2. E. capillifolium (Lam.) Small. Stems 9-30 dm. tall, pubescent, fastigiate
above: leaf-blades with linear-filiform or filiform segments: bracts of the
involucre short-tipped, the inner 3 mm. long: corollas about 2.5 mm. long:
achenes about 1 mm. long. — Hammocks. — (Ber., Bait., Cuba.)

3. E. Eugenei Small. Stems 6-14 dm. tall, pubescent: leaf-blades with linear,
entire, or toothed segments: bracts of the involucre mucronate, the inner 3-3.5
mm. long: corollas 2.5-3 mm. long: achenes fully 1 mm. long. — Pinelands.

4. E. viUosmn Sw. Stems 5-20 dm. tall, tomentulose: leaf -blades ovate to
deltoid-ovate, 1.5-7 cm. long, obtuse, entire or repand: bracts of the involucre
obtuse, the inner 4 mm. long: corollas 3 mm. long: achenes 1.5-2 mm. long. —
Hammocks. — (Bah., Cuia, Ant.)

5. E. mikanloides Chapm. Stems 5-11 dm. tall, tomentulose, at least when
voung: leaf-blades mostly vertical, fleshy, deltoid-ovate to hastate-ovate, or
sometimes oblong, 3-6 cm. long, obtuse or acutish, repand or crenate-dentate:
bracts of the involucre abruptly pointed, the inner 5-6 mm. long: corollas 3
mm. long: achenes fully 1 mm. long.^ — Everglades.

6. E. recurvans Small. Stems 4-9 dm. tall, finely pubescent: leaves more or
less drooping; blades narrowly oblong to lanceolate, 1.5-4 cm. long, coarsely
toothed: bracts of the involucre obtuse, the inner 3-3.5 mm. long: corollas 3
mm. long: achenes about 2 mm. long. — Pinelands.

7. E. serotinum Michx. Stems 8-20 dm. tall, puberulent, corymbose above:
leaf-blades thinnish, lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, 5-25 cm. long, acute or
acuminate, coarsely serrate : bracts of the involucre broadened upward, rounded
at the apex, the inner about 4 mm. long: corollas 3 mm. long: achenes 2 mm.
long. — Everglades.

8. E. jucundum Greene. Stems 3-11 dm. tall, glabrous: leaves spreading;
blades ovate or rhombic-ovate, 2-6.5 cm. long, coarsely serrate or somewhat
incised: bracts of the involucre obtuse, the inner 3-4 mm. long: corollas 4-4.5
mm. long: achenes about 3.5 mm. long. — Pinelands.

4, CONOCLINIUM DC. Erect herbs. Leaves opposite: blades toothed or
parted. Heads in open or compact corymbs. Involucre campanulate or hemi-
spheric. Corollas narrowly funnelform: lobes deltoid to ovate. Androecium
included: anther-appendages ovate, obtuse. Acheue angled. Pappus of few
capillary bristles.

1. C, dichotomum Chapm. Stems 3-9 dm. tall, pubescent above: leaf -blades
ovate, 1-4 cm. long, shallowly crenate: inner bracts of the involucre narrowly
linear, 3.5-4 mm. long: corollas about 3 mm. long: achenes fully 1 mm. long. —
Everglades. — Mist-flower.

5. MIKANIA Willd. Vines. Leaves opposite, herbaceous: blades of a
hastate or deltoid type, mostly toothed. Heads borne in corymbs. Involucre
cylindric. Corollas with a campanulate throat: lobes lanceolate to triangular-
ovate. Androecium exserted: anther-appendages ovate. Achene angled.
Pappus of many capillary bristles. [Willugbaeya Neck.]— Climbing hemp-
weed.

Bracts of the involucre acute: coroll.as about .''. mm. long; lobes ovate.

1. M. hatatifoUa.
Bracts of the Involucre obtuse: corollas about 6 mm. long;

lobes linear-lanceolate. 2. M. cordifolia.

CARDUACEAE. ] 87

1. M. batatifolia DC. I'laiits glabrous: leaf-blades deltoid to hastate-ovate,
1-3 cm. long, entire or repand : heads in small irregular clusters: bracts of the
involucre 3-4 mm. long: corollas about 3 mm. long. [FFillugbaeya hetero-
l)hylla Small.] — Everglades. — F. K. {Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

2. M. cordifolia (L.) Willd. Plants densely pubescent: leaf-blades ovate to
hastate, 6-15 cm. long, coarsely toothed or lobed: bracts of the involucre 7-8
mm. long: corollas about (i mm. long. — Hammocks. — F. K. {Cuba, Ant.)

6. LACINIAKIA Hill. Typically simple-stenmied herbs with thick root-
stocks. Leaves alternate, often numerous: blades narrow, entire. Heads borne
in spikes, racemes, panicles, or rarely in cymes. Involucre ovoid to cylindric or
turbinate. Corolla-throat narrow-funnelform, much longer than the slightly
narrower tube: lobes lanceolate. Anther-appendages entire or notched. Achene
short, ribbed. Pappus of many barbelate or plumose bristles. — Buttox-

SNAKEROOT. BLAZING- STAR.

Bracts of the involucre obtuse : heads peduncled.

Involucres narrowed at the base, turbinate. 1. L. gracilis.

Involucres rounded at the base, campanulate. 2. L. laxa.

Bracts of the involucre acute or acuminate : heads sessile.

Bracts of the involucre abruptly pointed : corollas less than

1 cm. long: authers reaching the corolla-lobes. .'J. L. luevif/ata.

Bracts of the involucre acuminate : corollas over 1 cm. long :

anthers far down in the tube. 4. L. Chapmunii.

1. L. gracilis (Pursh) Kuntze. Stems 2-10 dm. tall, cinerous-pubescent :
blades of the lower leaves linear: inner bracts of the involucre linear, 5-6 mm.
long, obtuse. — Pinelands.

2. L. laxa Small. Stems 4-6 dm. tall, thinly tomentulose: blades of the lower
leaves linear: inner bracts of the involucre narrowed at the tip, 4-5 mm. long:
achenes mostly over 3 mm. long. — Coastal sand-dunes.

3. L. laevigata (Xutt.) Small. Stems 6-14 dm. tall, glabrous or nearly so:
blades of the lower leaves narrowly linear: inner bracts of the involucre 8-9
mm. long: corollas 8-9 mm. long: filaments pubescent, fully * as long as the
anthers.^ — Pinelands. — F. K.

4. L. Chapmanii (T. & G.) Kuntze. Stems 2-6 dm. tall, tomentose: blades of
the lower leaves narrowly linear, mostly less than 10 cm. long: inner bracts of
the involucre 11-13 mm. long, acuminate: achenes 5.5-6 mm. long. — Pinelands.

7. CARPHEPHORUS Cass. Simple-stemmed herbs. Leaves alternate:
blades narrow, flat, or acerose, entire. Heads in a terminal corymbose cyme.
Involucre hemispheric to campanulate. Corolla-throat narrowly funnelform,
longer than the slightly narrower tube: lobes lanceolate. Androecium included:
anther-appendages mostly notched. Stigmas filiform. Achene ribbed. Pappus
of many capillary bristles.

1. C. coiymbosus (Kutt.) T. & G. Stems 3-9 dm. tall, pubescent: leaf-blades
spatulate or oblong-spatulate below to cuneate, oblong, or ovate above: inner
bracts of the involucre 5-7 mm. long, erose: corollas about 8 mm. long. —
Pinelands.

8. KUHNIA L. Perennial herbs. Leaves alternate: blades narrow,
resinous-dotted. Heads borne in open or compact clusters. Involucre narrow-
cylindric. Corollas narrowly funnelform, the tube and throat scarcely dis-
tinguishable: lobes triangular to lanceolate. Anther-appendages ovate, obtuse.
Achenes columnar, striate. Pappus of many capillary bristles.

188 * CAEDUACEAE.

1. K. paniculata Cass. Stems 3-8 dm. tall: leaf -blades 1.5-3 em. long: inner
bracts of the involucre slightly broadened upward, acuminate: achenes 3.5-4
mm. long. — Piuelands.

9. HETEROTHECA Cass. Annual or biennial pubescent herbs. Leaves
alternate: blades entire or toothed. Heads rather large. Involucre hemispheric
or campanulate, the inner bracts ciliate. Eay-flowers with conspicuous ligules.
Disk-corollas with a funnelform throat about as long as the tube. Anther-
appendages lanceolate. Stigmas lanceolate or triangular. Achenes of the ray
thickish, those of the disk flat. Pappus of the disk of many bristles, those of
the outer series shorter and stouter than those of the inner.

1. H. subaxillaris (Lam.) Britt. & Rusby. Stems 3-12 dm. tall, hirsute or
hispid : blades of the stem-leaves oblong to oblong-lanceolate, 1-7 cm. long,
serrate: involucres 7-8 mm. high; outer bracts glandular-pubescent: achenes
about 2 mm. long. — Pinelands and waste places.

10. CKRYSOPSIS Nutt. Silky or woolly herbs. Leaves alternate : blades
narrow or broad, mostly entire. Heads solitary, or in a terminal corymb.
Involucres ovoid to turbinate, the bracts narrow. Eay-flowers with conspicu-
ous ligules. Disk-corollas with a narrow-funnelform throat. Anther-appendages
lanceolate. Stigmas subulate. Achenes flattened. Pappus of numerous bristles.

1. C. Tracyi Small. Stems 3-5 dm. tall: blades of the cauline leaves narrowly
linear, the lower ones greatly elongate: inner bracts of the involucre 7-9 mm.
long, long-ciliate: ligules 9-11 mm. long. — Pinelands — F. K. — Golden-aster.

11. EUTHAMIA Nutt. Glabrous or nearly glabrous herbs. Leaves alter-
nate: blades elongate, herbaceous, not pitted. Heads many, in corymbs.
Involucres narrow, few-several-flowered: bracts various, the outer ones linear
or nearly so. Ray-flowers few: corolla with a slender tube and a very small
ligule. Disk-corollas with a funnelform throat and tube of about equal length:
lobes lanceolate. Anthers as long as the filaments or longer. Stigmas lanceo-
late. Pappus of capillary bristles.

1. E. minor (Michx.) Greene. Plants 2-8 dm. tall: leaf-blades narrowly
linear or linear-filiform, mostly less than 3 mm. wide: involucres cylindric to
turbinate-cylindric, the inner bracts 4.5-5.5 mm. long. — Everglades.

12. SOLIDAGO L. Glabrous or pubescent herbs. Leaves alternate:
blades various, mostly toothed. Heads relatively small, paniculate. Invo-
lucres turbinate or cylindric, few-several-flowerecf : bracts in several series, the
inner successively longer. Eay-flowers few: corollas with a slender tube and a
yellow, or rarely white, ligule. Disk-corollas with a funnelform or campanulate
throat and a tube nearly or quite as long: lobes lanceolate. Anthers nearly
or quite as long as the filaments. Stigmas mostly lanceolate. Pappus of 1 or
2 series of rough capillary bristles. — Goldenrod.

Upper stem-leaves narrowed at the base and merely sessile.

Inner bract of the involucre over 4 mm. long. 1. (^. ftrmprrrirrns.

Inner bracts of the involucre less than 4 mm. long.

Upper stem-leaves grachiall.y smaller than the lower. 2. .9. (iniiustifolia.

Upper stem-leaves abruptly much smaller than the

lower. 3- *'''• ChiiiHopsis.

I'pper stem-leaves rounded at the base, sessile or partly
clasping.
Leaves pubescent ; blades n.'ii-row : inner bracts of the

involucre narrowly linear. 4. S. lortifoUa.

Leaves glabrous ; blades broad : inner bracts of the invo-
lucre narrowly oblong. •'5. •'?■ Chapnumii.

CARDUACEAE. 189

1. S. sempervirens L. Stems 6-25 dm. tall, glabrous: blades of the eauline
leaves broadly linear, elliptic-linear, or oblong-lanceolate and entire below,
smaller an<l narrower above: inner bracts of the involucre oblong or elliptic-
oblong, over 4 nun. long or more, acutish. — <!oastal sand-dunes. — (Ber.)

2. S. angustifolia Ell. Stems 3-21 dm. tall, glabrous: blades of the eauline
leaves linear to linear-lanceolate below, oblong to linear or linear-subulate
above, all entire: inner bracts of the involucre linear to linear-spatulate, 3-3.5
mm. long: acheiies pubescent. — Everglades.

3. S. Chrysopsis Small. Stems about 3 dm. tall, glabrous: blades of the eau-
line leaves linear and entire below, narrowly linear above, all glabrous: inner
bracts of the involucre linear-lanceolate, 2.5-3.5 mm. long, acute. — Everglades
and low pinelands. — F. K.

4. S. tortifolia Ell. Stems 6-11 dm. tall, rough-pid^escent : blades of the
eauline leaves twisted and often reflexed, linear to linear-spatulate below,
linear-oblong to linear-lanceolate above, often entire: inner bracts of the invo-
lucre narrowly linear, 3-3.5 mm. long: disk-corollas 3-3.5 mm. long.- — Pinelands.

5. S. Chapmanii T. & G. Stems 2-14 dm. tall, fine-pubescent: blades of the
eauline leaves spatulate to oblong below, lanceolate to oblong-ovate above:
inner bracts of the involucre narrowly linear to linear-spatulate, ciliate, 3.5-4
mm. long. — Pinelands.

13. SERICOCARPUS Nees. Perennial herbs. Leaves alternate: blades
entire or toothed. Heads borne in corymbs. Involucres campanulate to
eylindric, several-flowered: bracts broad, or the inner ones sometimes rather
narrow. Ray-flowers several: corollas with a long tube and a narrow, white
or pink ligule. Disk-corollas with a narrowly funnelform throat and a long
tube: lobes lanceolate. Achenes slightly longer than the filaments or shorter:
appendages lanceolate. Pappus of numerous scabrous bristles.

1. S. bifoliatus (Walt.) Porter. Stems 3-7 dm. tall: blades of the upper
leaves spatulate to obovate, 1-3 cm. long: involucres about 6 mm. high; inner
bracts linear-oblong: disk-corollas over 6.5 mm. long: anthers longer than the
filaments. — Pinelands. — White-topped aster.

14. ASTER [Tourn.] L. Perennial herbs, various in habit, or rarely
annual, occasionally shrubby or spinescent. Leaves alternate : blades broad or
narrow, often enlarged and cordate at the base, entire or toothed. Rootstock
usually horizontal and bearing for several years a subterminal tuft of leaves.
Lower, middle and upper eauline leaves often gradually transitional to each
other in form, often of dissimilar types. Heads with both tubular and radiate
flowers, either corymbed, racemed, or panicled and borne on erect, spreading
or secund ultimate branchlets. Involucre hemispheric, campanulate, eylindric.
or turbinate: bracts imbricate in several series: the outer usually smaller or
shorter than the inner, and somewhat herbaceous or otherwise much modifieil
at or toward the apex. Receptacle flat or convex, alveolate and often delicately
fimbrillate. Ray-flowers pistillate, with white, pink, purple, blue, or violet
ligules. Disk-flowers perfect, consisting of a tubular base (the tube), swollen
above into a throat and 5 short lobes: disks typically yellow, usually changing
to red, brown, or purple. Achenes more or less flattened and nerved or ribbed.
Pappus-bristles usually numerous, slender, in one series or rarely in two series,
the tips of the inner ones sometimes thickened. — Aster.

190 CAEDUACEAE.

Blades of the cauline leaves with auriculate-cordate clasping bases.

„,,.., ,. , , .. 1- -4- caroUnianus.

Blades of the caulme leaves merely sessile, or nearly so.
Leaves neither succulent nor fleshy.

Leaves silky or canescent. ' 2. A concolor

Leaves glabrous or pubescent, neither silkv nor
canescent.
Ligules of the ray violet: leaves adnate. 3. A. adnattis

Ligules of the ray white or pale.

Leaves of the flowering branches very short,

scale-like : heads few-flowered. ' 4. A. coridifolius.

Leaves of the flowering branches relatively
long, narrow : heads many-flowered.
Involucral bracts with broad green tips :

disk-corollas 4-5 mm. long. 5. A. SimmondsU.

Involucral bracts with narrow green tips :

disk-corollas 6-7 mm. long. G. A. Sulznerae.

Leaves with succulent or fleshy blades.

Inner bracts of the involucre 5-6 mm. long, acuminate. 7. A. cxilis.

Inner bracts of the involucre 3-4 mm. long, acute. 8. A. Bracei.

1. A. carolinianus Walt. Stem and branches reclining or climbing, 1-5 m.
long, tomentulose: upper leaves spreading; blades oblong, elliptic, or oval,
varying to ovate or obovate, finely pubescent, dilated and clasping at the base:
heads loosely corj-mbose : involucres hemispheric ; bracts with dilated recurved
tips: ligules purple or pinkish, 1.5-2 cm. long: disk-corollas 7-9 mm. long:
aehenes glabrous. — Everglades and wet hammocks.

2. A. concolor L. Stem and branches stiff, 2-11 dm. tall, silky or canescent:
upper leaves erect or appressed; blades lanceolate to ovate, silky or canescent,
sessile : heads in virgate racemes : involucres turbinate ; bracts with narrow
erect tips: ligules lilac or rose-purple, 6-8 mm. long: di.sk-corollas about 5 mm.
long: aehenes pubescent. — Pinelands.

3. A. adnatus Nutt. Stem and branches erect or ascending, 2-8 dm. tall,
hispidulous: upper leaves scale-like, appressed; blades oblong, lanceolate, or
ovate, scabrous, sessile and partially adnate to the adjacent internodes: heads
scattered: involucres eampanulate; bracts scabrous, the inner ones linear:
ligules violet. 7-10 mm. long. — Pinelands. — F. K. (Bah.)

4. A. coridifolius Michx. Stem and branches erect or ascending, 1 m. tall or
less, glabrous: upper leaves lax or spreading; blades linear to oblong, glabrous,
sessile : heads scattered : involucres eampanulate ; bracts smooth, the inner ones
slightly dilated near the apex: ligules white, pink, or pale-violet, 3-6 mm.
long. — Everglades and low pinelands.

5. A. Simmondsii Small. Stem and branches 1-4 dm. tall, minutely pubescent:
upper leaves erect or ascending; blades linear or nearly so, glabrous, sessile:
heads solitary or few: involucres campanulate-hemispheric ; bracts stout, the
inner 5-6 mm. long, acute: ligules pink, 5-7 mm. long. — Everglades.

6. A. Sulznerae Small. Stem and branches 1 m. tall or less, finely pubescent:
upper leaves lax ; blades narrowly linear, glabrous, sessile : heads corymbose :
involucres campannlate-turbinate; bracts slender, the inner acuminate: ligules
deep-pink, 8-11 mm. long. — Shores of the Miami river.

7. A, exilis Ell. Plants annual, 3-12 dm. tall: upper leaves erect or ascending;
blades narrowly linear to linear-sul)ulate: heads panicleil : involucres turbinate;
bracts slender, the inner ones equalling or exceeding the top of the disk. —
Hammocks. — (Bah., Ctiba.)

8. A. Bracei Britton. Plants perennial, 2-9 dm. tall: upper leaves more or
less spreading; Vjlades narrowly linear to linear-subulate: heads corymbose:
involucres campanulate-turbinate; bracts stout, the inner ones not reaching to
the top of the disk. — Everglades. — F. K. (Bah., Cuba.)

15. ERIGERON L. Herbs. Leaves alternate, sometimes mostly basal:
blades entire or toothed. Heads solitary or numerous, conspicuously radiate.

CAEDUACEAE. 191

Involucres broad, many-floT;\ere(l : bracts narrow, the inner broader than the
outer ones. Ray-Howers numerous: corollas with a slender tube and a narrow
pink, violet, purple, or white ligule. Disk-corollas with a funnelform throat
and a usually shorter tube: lobes deltoid. Anthers as long as the filaments or
longer. Stigmas short. Pappus of numerous capillary bristles. — Fleabane.

Plants annual : llgules over 6 mm. long: bracts of the involucre about twice as long
as the disk-corolas. ]. E. annuus.

Plants perennial: ligules less than 5.5 mm. long: inner br.ncts

of the involucre slightly longer than the disk-corollas. 2. E. quercifoUua.

1. E. annuus (L.) Pers. Stems 3-12 dm. tall, hirsute or glabrate: blades of
the basal leaves oval, oblong, or ovate, coarsely toothed or incised : bracts of
the involucre with few long hairs: ligules of the ray pink, purplish, or rarely
white. — Pinelands.- — {Ber. )

2. E. quercifolius Lam. Stems 1-7 dm. tall, pubescent : blades of the basal
leaves spatulate, oblanceolate, or oblong, pinnatifid or sinuate-pinnatifid:
involucres manifestly pubescent; inner bracts prolonged into slender tips:
ray-flowers numerous: disk-corollas 3.5-4 mm. long. — Everglades and pine-
lands. — {Bah.)

16. LEPTILON Raf. Herbs. Leaves alternate: blades narrow, entire or
sparingly toothed. Heads several or numerous, inconspicuously radiate or
discoid. Involucre usually eampanulate, few-flowered: bracts very narrow, the
inner much longer than the outer ones. Ray-flowers few: corollas with a very
slender tube and a minute ligule. Disk-corollas with a eampanulate or a
cylindraceous throat and a long tube: lobes deltoid. Pappus of many brittle
capillary bristles, in 1 series.

1. L. canadense (L.) Britton. Stems 3-20 dm. tall, paniculate above, glabrate
or sparsely hirsute : leaf-blades spatulate to linear or nearly so, ciliate near the
ba?e: larger bracts of the involucre 3-3.5 mm. long: disk-corollas 2.5-3 mm.
long. — Pinelands, hammocks, coastal sand-dunes and waste places. — F, K.
{Ber., Bull., Cuba, Ani.) — Horse-weed. Butter-weed.

17. BACCHAEIS L. Shrubs. Leaves alternate: blades leathery, entire
or toothed. Heads dioecious, often clustered, discoid. Involucres ovoid to
eampanulate, many-flowered: bracts of the staminate involucre smaller than
those of the jjistillate. Corollas various, those of the staminate with a funnel-
form throat and a long tube, the lobes lanceolate : those of the pistillate flowers
filiform. Pappus of the staminate flowers shorter than that of the pistillate.
— Groundsel-tree.

Leaf-blades broadest above the micldle.

Leaf-blades entire. 1. B. dioica.
Leaf-blades toothed.

Inner bracts of the pistillate involucres acute. 2. /?. hnlimifolia.

Inner bracts of the pistillate involucres obtuse. 3. B. glomrruliflora.

Leaf-blades linear. 4. B. angusiifoHa.

1. B. dioica Vahl. Shrub 8-25 dm. tall: leaf -blades spatulate, often broadly
so, to obovate-spatulate, 1-3 cm. long: pistillate involucres with ovate-obtuse
outer bracts and linear-lanceolate acuminate inner bracts. — Coastal hammocks
below Miami. — {Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

2. B. halimifolia L. Plants 9-40 dm. tall, resinous: leaf -blades suborbicular
to oblong or linear-elliptic, some of them, at least, coarsely toothed: pistillate
involucres about 6 mm. long; inner bracts linear. — Coastal hammocks and
sand-dunes. — F. K. {Bah.)

192 CAEDUACEAE.

3. B. glomeruliflora Pers. Plants 8-30 dm. tall, barely resinous: leaf -blades
spatulate to cuneate-obovate, 2-5 cm. long, often sharply toothed: pistillate
involucres 5-6 mm. long; inner bracts oblong-spatulate. — Hammocks. — (Ber.)

4. B. angustifolla Miehx. Plants 5-25 dm. tall, resinous: leaf-blades nar-
rowly linear, 1-8 cm. long, entire or nearly so : pistillate involucres 4-5 mm.
long; inner bracts oblong. — Hammocks and sand-dunes. — F. K. {Bah.)

18. PLUCHEA Cass. Herbs or shrubs. Leaves alternate: blades usually
toothed, often prominently veined. Heads borne in corymb-like or glomerate
cymes. Involucres turbinate, campanulate, or hemispheric, rather many-
flowered : bracts unequal, the inner much longer and much narrower than the
outer. Pistillate flowers marginal: corollas filiform. Perfect flowers central:
corollas with a funnelform or campanulate throat: lobes triangular to lanceo-
late. Pappus a single series of capillary bristles. — Marsh-fleabaxe.

Plants perennial : leaf-blades sessile and partly clasping : inner bracts of the invo-
lucre narrowly linear. 1- f- foetiilti.
Plants annual : leaf-blades narrowed at the base and more or
less petloled : inner bracts of the involucre lanceolate.
Involucre 4-5 mm. high ; inner bracts abruptly acuminate. 2. P. purpurascens.
Involucres 6-8 mm. high ; inner bracts long-acuminate. 3. P. camphorata.

1. P. foetida (L.) B.S.P. Plants 3-10 dm. tall: leaf -blades oblong to ovate-
oblong, 3-8 cm. long: inner bracts of the involucres 4-5 mm. long: staminate
corollas 3. .5-4 mm. long. — Everglades and hammocks. F. K. {Bah., Cuba.)

2. P. purpurascens (Sw.) DC. Plants 3-14 dm. tall: leaf -blades ovate-lanceo-
late to elliptic or oblong, 4-10 cm. long: outer bracts of the involucre ovate,
acute; intermediate bracts abruptly pointed. — Everglades and hammocks. —
F. K. {Ber., Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

3. P. camphorata (L.) DC. Plants 3-15 dm. tall: leaf -blades elliptic, lanceo-
late, or oblong, 3-15 cm. long: outer bracts of the involucre oblong, acute:
intermediate bracts acuminate. — Coastal sand-dunes.

19. PTEROCAULON Ell. Tomentose or woolly stout herbs. Leaves
alternate: Vjlades entire or shallowly toothed, decurrent. Heads borne in con-
tiguous or separated glomerate cymes. Involucres rather narrow, densely
flowered: bracts unequal, the inner slightly narrower than the outer. Pistil-
late flowers marginal : corollas filiform. Perfect flowers central : corollas with .
a funnelform throat and a long tube; lobes linear or lanceolate. Anthers
shorter than the filaments. Pappus a single series of capillary bristles.

1. P. undulatum (Walt.) Ell. Plants 2-7 dm. tall: leaf-blades oblong to lance-
olate, 4-12 cm. long, undulate: involucres 3.5-4 mm. high; lobes of the
staminate corollas linear. — Pinelands. — F. K. — Black-root.

20. SACHSIA Griseb. Inconspicuously pubescent, slender herbs. Leaves
alternate, mostly basal: blades toothed. Heads scattered in open corymbs.
Involucres campanulate: bracts very unecjual, the inner much longer and some-
what narrower than the outer. Pistillate flowers marginal: corollas filiform.
Perfect flowers central: corollas narrowly tubular-funnelform; lobes ovate.
Pappus a single series of very slender bristles.

1. S, bahamensis Urban. Plants 1-6 dm. tall: blades of the basal leaves firm,
spatulate. 3-7 cm. long, those of the stem-leaves much smaller: involucres
peduncled; bracts various, the outer membranous, the inner chaffy. 5-6 mm.
long, very narrowly linear: achcnes 2.5 mm. long. — Pinelands. — F. K. {Bah.)

CARDUACEAE. 193

21. ACANTHOSPERMUM ychiank. Anmial coarse herbs. Leaves op-
posite: blades liroail, tootlieil. Heads inconspicuously radiate. Involucre
double: bracts of the inner series becoming bur-like, each one surrounding an
achene. Ligules of the ray-corollas concave or hooded, yellowish, inconspicuous.
Disk-corollas with the stamens borne high up on the tube. Pappus wanting.

1. A. australe (L.) Kuntze. Stems branched at the base, the branches pros-
trate or creej)ing: leaf-blades ovate, oval, or rhombic, 1-2.5 cm. long: disk-
corollas about 2 mm. long: mature involucres starfish-like. — Pinelands and
waste grounds. Xat. of Trop. Am.

22. BERLANDIERA DC. Herbs with woody tap-roots. Leaves alter-
nate, sometimes all basal: blades toothed or pinnatifid. Heads radiate,
solitary or corymbose. Involucre hemispheric or depressed, many-flowered:
bracts broad, in about 3 series, the inner thinner and more reticulate
than the outer. Ray-flowers 5-12, with yellow ligules. Disk-corollas with a
cylindric throat and a shorter tube ; lobes triangular or deltoid. Anthers
longer than the filaments. Aehenes flat, broadened upward, wingless, 1-ribbed,
adnate to the adjacent bracts of the involucre. Pappus obsolete or of 2
caducous awns.

1. B. subacaulis Nutt. Stems 1-5 dm. tall, hispidulous: leaf -blades oblong to
oblanceolate, 4-12 cm. long, deeply sinuate-pinnatifid or lyrate-pinnatifid, the
lobes obtuse: bracts of the involucre oblong to oblong-spatulate, obovate or
cuneate, obtuse: ligules of the ray 1-1.5 cm. long: disk-corollas 3-3.5 mm.
long: aehenes obovate, 4-6 mm. long. — Pinelands.

23. PARTHENIUM L. Coarse herbs, or shrubs. Leaves alternate:
blades toothed, xiinnatifid, or dissected. Heads inconspicuously radiate. In-
volucre depressed to globular: bracts appressed, broad. Ray-flowers usually 5:
ligules minute, white or whitish. Lobes of the disk-corollas ovate, ciliate.
Anthers longer than the filaments. Aehenes flattened. Pappus of 2 or 3 scales
or awns.

1. P. Hysterophorus L. Plants annual, 3-7 dm. tall: leaf -blades oblong to
ovate in outline: involucres saucer-like, 4-5 mm. broad: disk-corollas 1-1.5
mm. long: aehenes 1-1.5 mm. long. — Pinelands and waste places. Nat. of
Trop. Am. — F. K. {Ber., Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

24. VERBESINA L. Annual herbs. Leaves opposite: blades narrow,
entire or sparingly toothed. Heads small, inconspicuously radiate. Involucres
hemispheric or campanulate: bracts broad, those of the outer series scarcely
larger than those of the inner. Ray-flowers several : ligules white, incon-
spicuous. Disk-flowers several: corollas with a short tube and a longer funnel-
form throat : lobes deltoid. Anthers oblong, longer than the filaments, the
appendages ovate. Stigmas broad. Aehenes 3-4-angled, or somewhat flattened
in the disk.

1. V. alba L. Stem and branches 2-9 dm. long, fleshy, finely pubescent :
leaf-blades elliptic, oblong or lanceolate, or narrower, .3-10 cm. long, sessile:
involucres broadly campanulate, the larger bracts about 4.5 mm. long: aehenes
about 2.5 mm. long.- — Everglades. — (Ber., Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

25. MELANTHERA Rohr. Perennial herbs. Leaves opposite: blades
entire, toothed, or hastate-lobed. Heads tliscoid. Involucre hemispheric or

>3 Flora of Miami 13

194 CARDUACEAE.

depressed: bracts often broad, in 2 or 3 series. Throat of the corolla much
longer than the tube. Filaments generally as long as the black-tipped anthers
or nearly so. Stigmas stout or flattened.

Leaf-bl.ndes linear, oblanceolate, or spatulate. 1. J/, lanccolata.

Leaf-blades of an ovate or hastate type.

Plants with tall erect stems : leaf-blades manifestly petioled.
Bractlets of the receptacle long-acuminate, like the bracts

of the involucre, coarsely pubescent. 2. M. pariifolia,

Bractlets of the receptacle acute or short-acuminate, like

the bracts of the involucre, finely puberulent. 3. M. brevifolia.

Plants with many short prostrate or decumbent stems radi-
ating from a woody root : leaf-blades sessile or nearly so. 4. M. radiata.

1. M, lauceolata Benth. Stems 2-8 dm. tall, strigillose: leaf -blades linear to
linear-oblanceolate, 4—8 cm. long: larger bracts of the involucre rhombic-ovate,
acute: corollas about 4 mm. long. — Everglades and low- pinelands.

2. M. parvifolla Small. Stems 3-8 dm. tall, very rough-hispidulous, slender,
sparingly branched: leaf -blades prominently hastate, 2-5 cm. long, or longer,
the lateral lobes prominent, coarsely toothed or entire, the middle lobe elongate,
contracted between the lateral lobes and the dilated apex, usually coarsely
toothed above, the petioles rather short: heads few, usually very loug-peduucled:
larger bracts of the involucre 5-7 mm. long. — Pinelands and coastal sand-
dunes. — F. K.

3. M. brevifolia O. E. Schulz. Stems 8-24 dm. tall, somewhat rough-pubes-
cent, often stout, considerably branched: leaf -blades ovate to deltoid or ovate-
hastate or deltoid-hastate, 8-15 cm. long, obtuse or acute; usually crenate, the
petioles rather long: heads several or numerous, mostly rather short-peduncled:
larger bracts of the involucre 3.5-5 cm. long. — Hammocks and coastal sand-
dunes,— F. K. (Bah., Cuba.)

4. M. radiata Small. Stems radially spreading from a woody root, 1-4 dm.
long: leaf-blades ovate, 1-4 cm. long, hastately lobed and irregularly toothed:
larger bracts of the involucre ovate, 5.5-6.5 mm. long, obtuse: corollas mostly
about 6 mm. long. — Pinelands.

26. WEDELIA Jacq. Erect, diffuse, or creeping herbs, or partially
woody plants. Leaves opposite: blades entire or toothed or somewhat lobed.
Heads erect, solitary or clustered, radiate. Involucre broadly campanulate:
bracts in 2 or 3 unequal series. Eay-flowers few: corollas with a long tube,
and mainly yellow ligule. Disk-corollas with a cylindric-campanulate throat
longer than the tube : lobes ciliate. Free portions of the filaments about as
long as the corolla-tube. Pappus crown-like. [Stemmodontia Cass.]

1. W. trilobata (L.) A. Hitchc. Stem and branches creeping: leaf-blades
elliptic to cuncate, fleshy, 3-10 cm. long, coarsely few-toothed or slightly 3-5-
lobed: involucres about 1 cm. high: ligules of the ray 8-12 mm. long: disk-
corollas 6-7 mm. long. — Shores of Bay Biscayne. — (Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

27. BORRICHIA Adans. Fleshy maritime herbs or shrubs. Leaves oppo-
site: blades thick, entire, or toothed. Heads erect, on stiff peduncles. Invo-
lucre hemispheric or flatfish: bracts fleshy or leathery. Ray-flowers few.
Disk-corollas with a cylindric-fuunelform throat and a very short tube: lobes
eciliate. Free portions of the filaments much longer than the corolla-tube.
Pappus crown-like. — Sea ox-eye.

Outer bracts of the involucre spreading or rcflexed at maturity : liractlets of the
receptacle spine-tipped. 1. Ji. frniescma.

Outer bracts of the involucre appressed at maturity : bractlets

of the receptacle obtuse or barely mucronate. 2. B. arhorrsccns.

CARDUACEAE. 195

1. B. frutescens (L.) DC. Plants 2-7 dm. tall: leaf-blades linear-spatulate
to ohovate, li-C cm. long: outer bracts of the involucre acute, the inner ones
subulate-tipped. — Shores of Bay Biseayne and sand-dunes. — F. K. (Ber.)

2. B. arborescens (L.) DC. Plants 2-12 dm. tall: leaf-blades oblanceolate or
spatulate-oblauoeolate, 3-6 cm. long: outer bracts of the involucre acute, the
inner ones rounded at the apex. — Shores of Bay Biseayne and sand-dunes. — -
F. K. {Ber., Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

28. HELIANTHUS L. Erect or creeping herbs. Leaves alternate or
opposite: blades entire or toothed. Heads solitary or clustered. Involucre
campauulate, cylindric, or depressed: bracts various, often narrow, sometimes
elongate. Ray-flowers few or many, or rarely wanting. Disk-corollas with a
cylindric throat and a very short tube: lobes eciliate. Free portions of the
filaments much longer than the corolla-tube. Pappus of 2 awns or scales which
are sometimes accompanied by smaller ones.

1. H. debilis Nutt. Stems 3-9 dm. long, scabrous: leaf-blades deltoid or
somewhat hastate to ovate-lanceolate, 4-8 cm. long, repand or shallowly
toothed: bracts of the involucre lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, 8-10 mm. long:
ligules of the ray 10-15 mm. long: disk 15-20 mm. wide. — Pinelands and sand-
dunes. — F. K. — Sunflower.

29. PHAETHUSA Gaertn. Herbs or shrubby plants. Leaves alternate or
opposite: blades entire or toothed, more or less decurrent. Heads solitary or
numerous and clustered. Involucre narrow or broad: bracts not slender-
tipped. Ray-flowers few, with a very short or obsolete corolla-tube, the ligules
white or yellow, or wanting. Disk-corollas with a funnelform throat, con-
tracted into a shorter tube : lobes lanceolate to triangular-lanceolate. Fila-
ments slightly shorter than the anthers. Pappus of 1-3 awns, or obsolete.

1. P. laciniata (Poir.) Small. Stems 7-16 dm. tall, tomentulose: leaf -blades
ovate to oblong-ovate in outline, 5-22 cm. long, the segments sometimes repand :
larger bracts of the involucre about 6 mm. long: disk-corollas about 5 mm.
long: achenes obovate, 5-6 mm. long. — Pinelands. — Crownbeard.

30. COREOPSIS L. Erect or diffuse herbs. Leaves various. Heads con-
spicuously radiate. Involucre campanulate to hemispheric: bracts distinct or
nearly so, the outer ones narrow. Ray-flowers several: corollas with yellow,
particolored, or pink ligules. Disk-corollas with a funnelform throat and a
stout tube. Achenes with entire or pinnate wings, or wingless. — Tickseed.

Achenes with entire scarious wings. 1- C. LeavenioortML

Achenes with fimijriate or dissected winged margins.

Lower leaves shorter or a little longer than the stem-

internodes. -■ ('■ aiiytistifolia.

Lower leaves much longer than the stem-internodes.

Blades of the basal leaves linear-oblong to linear. 3. C. longifolia.

Blades of the basal leaves oblong, elliptic or oblanceolate. 4. C. gladiata.

1. C. Leavenworthii T. & G. Plants 5-15 cm. tall, glabrous: blades of the
lower leaves mostly with 2 or more narrow lobes (or broad in C. Leavenworthii
Garberi) , those of the tipper leaves mostly entire and narrow: outer involucral
bracts subulate-lanceolate, 1-2 mm. long: achenes roundish oval, 2.5-3 mm.
long, the wing as broad as the body. — Everglades and low pinelands. — F. K.

2. C. angustifolia Ait. Plants 5-7 dm. tall: blades of the lower leaves spatu-
late or oblanceolate, entire: outer involucral bracts ovate, 2-3 mm. long:
achenes oval, 2.5-3 mm. long. — Everglades.

196 CARDUACEAE.

3. C. longifolia Small. Plants 7-10 dm. tall: blades of the lower leaves
linear-oblong, linear-lanceolate, or linear, entire: outer involucral bracts lance-
olate, 2-4 mm. long: achenes obovate or spatulate in outline, about 4 mm. long.
— Everglades.

4. C. gladiata "Walt. Plants 6-12 dm. tall: blades of the lower leaves elliptic,
oblong, or oblaneeolate, entire: outer involucral bracts broadly triangular,
3^ mm. long: achenes elliptic-oblong, about 3.5 mm. long. — Everglades.

31. BIDENS L. Erect herbs. Leaves opposite, or the upper sometimes
alternate : blades entire, toothed, or divided. Heads erect or nodding. Invo-
lucre double, the outer bracts foliaceous, the inner appressed. Eay-flowers
few and ^\'ith white or yellow ligules, or wanting. Disk-corollas with a short
tube and a longer throat: lobes mostly deltoid. Achenes flat, terete or 4-
angled. Pappus of 2-4 rigid, barbed awns. — Beggar-ticks. Bur-marigold.

Leaf-blades merely toothed: achenes flat, dilated at the top. 1. B.T^ashii.

Leaf-blades divided : achenes slender, tetragonal, contracted at the top. 2. B. leucantha.

1. B. Nashii Small. Plants 5-12 dm. tall, succulent: leaf -blades oblaneeolate,
obovate, or oblong-lanceolate, finely serrate or entire: heads erect or nodding
at maturity, large: involucres 9-12 mm. long: ray-flowers few; ligules oblong
to oblong-obovate, yellow, 1.5-3 cm. long: achenes cuneate. — Everglades.

2. B. leucantha (L.) Willd. Plants 4-10 dm. tall, not succulent: leaf -segments
thick, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, mostly crenate-serrate: heads erect, small:
involucres 5-7 mm. long : ray-flowers few ; ligules cuneate to suborbicular,
white, 1-2 cm. long: achenes slender-fusiform. — Pinelands, hammocks and
waste places. Nat. from Trop. Am. — F. K. (Ber., Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

32. ACTINOSPERMUM Ell. Erect herbs. Leaves alternate, often nu-
merous: blades very narrow, entire. Involucre hemispheric or depressed: bracts
lax. Eay-flowers several: corollas with rather broad yellow ligules. Disk-
■corollas with a cylindric-campanulate throat and a very short or obsolete tuber
lobes lanceolate. Filaments shorter than the anthers. Pappus of 7-12 obovate-
orbicular scales.

1. A. angustifolium (Pursh) T. & G. Plants 2-5 dm. tall: leaf-blades nar-
rowly linear or slightly broadened upward: heads showy: involucral bracts
acuminate: ray-flowers 8-10; ligules cuneate, bright-yellow, less than 2 mm.
long: disk-corollas 4-5 mm. long; lobes lanceolate: achenes turbinate, about
2 mm. long.— Pinelands.

33. TE.IDAX L. Decumbent herbs. Leaves opposite: blades incised-
toothed or pinnately dissected. Heads radiate. Involucre ovoid to campanu-
late: bracts various, the inner broader than the outer. Ray-flowers few:
corollas with a slender glabrous tube and a broad yellow or pale ligule. Disk-
corollas with a narrowly funnelform throat and a short tube. Anthers linear.
Achenes much shorter than the corollas. Pappus of numerous plumose-ciliate
scales.

1. T. procumbens Ij. Plants branched at the base, the branches hirsute: leaf-
blades ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 2-5 cm. long, incised or incised-lobed: invo-
lucres 6-7 mm. high ; bracts hispidulous, the outer lanceolate, the inner broad
and abruptly pointed: ligules as broad as long: achenes of the disk about 2
mm. long. — Pinelands and cultivated grounds. Nat. of Trop. Am. — F. K.
(Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

CARDUACEAE. 197

34. POLYPTERIS Nutt. Perennial tall branching herbs. Leaves alter-
nate, or opposite on the lower part of the stem: blades entire, thick. Heads
corymbose, scattered, discoid. Involucre turbinate: bracts rather numerous
and broad, searious above the base, mainly in 2 series. Receptacle naked.
Ray-flowers wanting. Disk-corollas white or pink, with a campanulate throat
and a longer slender tube. Anthers longer than the filaments. Achenes 4-
angled, narrow, pubescent. Pappus of several slender pubescent scales.

1. P. integrifolia Nutt. Plants 1.5 m. tall or less, corymbose above: leaf-
blades lanceolate or linear-lanceolate to linear, 3-7 cm. long, obtuse or acutish:
involucre corolloid ; bracts oblong or spatulate, 10-14 mm. long, obtuse :
corollas 9-14 mm. long; lobes linear-lanceolate: achenes narrowly obpyramidal,
4-5 nun. long. — Pinelands.

35. PAJLATOXIA Lag. Annual or perennial, sometimes partially woody
plants. Leaves alternate or opposite: blades narrow, entire. Heads corym-
bose. Involucre campanulate to oblong: bracts narrow, herbaceous. Disk-
corollas with a cylindric throat much longer than the tube. Anther-appendages
lanceolate. Pappus of 4-8 scales.

1. P. Feayi A. Gray. Stems 6-15 dm. tall, minutely pubescent: leaf -blades
oblong to oblong-lanceolate, 2-7 cm. long: involucres 7-8 mm. long; bracts
obtuse: corollas 7-8 mm. long: achenes 5-6 mm. long. — Pinelands.

36. FLAVERIA Juss. Low branched or diffuse herbs or partially woody
plants. Leaves opposite: blades entire or toothed. Heads small, radiate or
discoid, usually clustered. Involucres narrow, 1-several-flowered : bracts few,
often 2-5, equal or nearly so. Receptacle naked. Ray-flowers usually solitary,
pistillate, fruit-producing, the ligules yellow, or wanting. Disk-flowers 1-15,
perfect, fruit-producing: corollas yellow or yellowish, with a short throat and
a longer tube: lobes deltoid or triangular. Filaments mostly shorter than the
anthers. Achenes narrow, 8-10-ribbed. Pappus wanting.

1. F. linearis Lag. Stem 2-9 dm. long, the branches often decumbent, corym-
bose above: leaf-blades narrowly linear to narrowly linear-lanceolate, 3-10
cm. long, entire: heads numerous: involucres about 4 mm. high; bracts mostly
5, oblong to lanceolate: ligules 2-3.5 mm. long: achenes about 1.5 mm. long.
— Everglades, pinelands and coastal sand-dunes. — F. K. (Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

37. HELENIUM L. Stout or stoutish, bitter herbs. Leaves alternate:

blades entire, toothed, or pinnatifid, often decurrent. Heads scattered, but

often numerous. Involucre flattish: bracts spreading or reflexed. Receptacle

conic, oblong or subglobose. Ray-flowers several, the corollas with cuneate

ligules. Disk-corollas with broadly ovate lobes, Achenes ribbed. Pappus of

5-8 acuminate or awn-tipped scales, — Sneezeweed.

Stem winged : leaves mostly cauline : disk-corollas 2-3 mm. long : pappus about 1
mm. long. 1- H- nudiflorum.

Stems wingless: leaves mostly basal: disk-corollas 4-5 mm. long:

pappus about 2 mm. long. 2. H. Hclcnium.

1, H, nudiflorum Nutt. Plants 2-10 dm. tall, corymbosely branched above:
leaf-blades oblanceolate to oblong or linear, 2.5-12 cm. long, those of the
lower leaves often toothed: involucral bracts narrowly linear to linear-subu-
late, 5-7 mm. long: ligules 10-15 mm. long. — Pinelands.

2, H, Helenium (Nutt.) Small. Plants 3-7 dm. tall, simple: leaf-blades
linear or nearly so, 5-15 cm. long, undulate or coarsely few-toothed: invo-

198 CAEDUACEAE.

lucral bracts linear or linear-lanceolate, 5-9 nnn. long: ligules 9-17 nun. long.
— Everglades.

38. PECTIS L. Slender or wiry glandular-dotted herbs. Leaves oppo-
site : blades narrow, usually ciliate near the base. Heads cymose. Involucre
narrow, few-several-flowered: bracts distinct, gland-bearing. Eay-flowers few:
corollas with yellow ligules. Styles pubescent. Stigmas of the disk-flowers
very short.

1. P. leptocephala (Cass.) Urban. Stems or branches 8^0 cm. long, nearly
glabrous: leaf-blades narrowly linear, 1-3 cm. long: involucre 1-1.5 mm. thick:
ligules linear to linear-oblong: disk-corollas 2 mm. long. — Pinelands. — F. K.
{Bah., Cuba, Ant.)

39. ERECHTITES Eaf . Annual herbs. Leaves alternate : blades toothed
or pinnatifid. Heads corymbose or paniculate. Involucres narrow or some-
what swollen at the base: bracts narrow, flat. Disk-corollas with triangular-
lanceolate or deltoid lobes shorter than the narrow throat. Filaments longer
than the anthers. Achenes ribbed. Pappus of many white bristles.

1. E. hieracifolia (L.) Eaf. Plants 2-20 dm. taU, watery: leaf -blades spatu-
late-oblong to lanceolate, 5-20 cm. long, coarsely toothed, incised, or pinnatifid:
involucres 12-15 mm. long: bracts narrowly linear: corollas 8-9 mm. long:
achenes about 1.5 mm. long. — Everglades. — F. K. {Bah., Cuba, Ant.) — Fire-
weed.

40. MESADENIA Eaf. Perennial herbs. Leaves alternate: blades undu-
late, toothed, or somewhat lobed. Heads corymbose. Involucres eylindrie to
cylindric-ovoid: bracts sometimes winged or keeled. Disk-corollas with linear
or linear-lanceolate lobes, longer than the campauulate throat. Filaments fili-
form. Achenes ribbed, glabrous.

1. M. lanceolata (Nutt.) Eaf. Stems 8-15 dm. tall: blades of the cauline
leaves linear, narrowly lanceolate, or linear-oblong, entire or repand-denticu-
late: involucral bracts 8-10 mm. long: achenes about 5 mm. long. — Everglades.
— Indian-plantain.

41. EMILIA Cass. Annual or perennial herbs. Leaves alternate, but
often mostly basal: blades entire, toothed, or lyrate-pinnatifid. Heads solitary
or in lax corymbs. Involucres swollen at the base: bracts in one series and
without accessory ones at the base. Eay-flowers wanting. Disk-corolla golden,
purple, or red, with a eylindrie throat and a slender tube, the lobes lanceolate.
Filaments slender. Achenes 5-ribbed.

1. E. sonchifolia (L.) DC. Plants mostly 1-8 dm. tall: leaf-blades rather
succulent, those of the lower leaves spatulate, those of the upper leaves lanceo-
late to linear, auricled at the base, all sinuate-dentate: heads long-peduncled:
involucral bracts linear, 10-12 mm. long: corollas 9-11 mm. long: achenes 4
mm. long.— Pinelands and waste grounds. Nat. of the tropics. — F. K. {Ber.,
Bah., Cuba. Ant.)

42. CIRSIUM [Tourn.] Hill. Caulescent large herbs. Leaves alternate:
blades toothed, lobed, or pinnatifid, usually spiny. Heads solitary or clustered.
Involucre with the outer bract at least spine-tipped or spiny-margined. Fila-
ments mostly pubescent. Pappus of elongate capillary bristles in several
series. — Thistle.

CICHORIACEAE. 199

Spiny pinnatifld outer bracts of the Involucre shorter than the Inner.

Basal k-aves with narrow spine-margined blades : anthers twice as long as the

filaments. 1. C. vittatum.

Basal leaves with broad pinnatifld blades : anthers about

as long as the filaments. 2. O, pinetorum.

Spiny pinnatifld outer bracts of the involucre longer than the

inner. 3. C. horrid ul urn.

1. C. vittatum JSiiiall. Stems 2-7 dm. tall, thinly pubescent: leaf -margins
undulate or sinuate, with mostly ascending spines: inner bracts of the invo-
lucre 30-35 mm. long: corollas about 30 mm. long: anthers much longer thau
the filaments. — Everglades and low pinelands.

2. C. pinetorum Small. Stems 4-9 dm. tall, thinly pubescent: leaf-segments
with the terminal spines directed forward: inner bracts of the involucre 28-33
mm. long: corollas about 30 mm. long: anthers about as long as the filaments,
— Piuelauds.— F. K, (Bah.)

3. C. horridulum Michx. Stems 3-11 dm. tall, woolly: leaf-segments with
spreading spines: inner bracts of the involucre 40-45 mm. long: corollas 40-43
mm. long, yellow (or purple in C. horridulum Elliottii) : anthers mostly
shorter than the filaments. — Coastal sand-dunes.

43. CHAPTALIA Vent. Scapose small herbs, woolly throughout. Leaves
alternate: blades undulate to lyrate-pinnatifid. Heads nodding, at least when
young, solitary. Involucre mostly narrow: bracts herbaceous, ultimately re-
flexed. Marginal corollas ligulate. Anthers not tailed at the base: append-
ages lanceolate. Achenes mostly beaked or narrowed at the apex.

1. C. dentata (L.) Cass. Plants 1-3 dm. tall: leaves spreading; blades
spatulate to oblanceolate, 3-11 cm. long or more, undulate or denticulate,
floccose above or glabrous in age, lanate-tomentulose beneath: scapes slender,
floccose: involucre lanate, the inner bracts becoming 17-21 mm. long, narrowly
linear: inner corollas 7-8 mm. long: achenes slender, the body 3.5-4.5 mm.
long, the beak nearlv or quite as long as the body. — Pinelands. — (Bah., Cvba,
Ant.)

Family 3. CICHORIACEAE. Chicoky Fa.aiily.

Aimual, biennial, or iierennial herbs, or partially woody plants.
Leaves alternate : blades entire, toothed, or parted. Flowers perfect, all
alike, borne in heads. Corolla ligulate, the 1-sided limb often 5-lobed at
the apex. Stigmas unappendaged. Achenes flat or terete.

Achenes flattened : pappus of soft flaccid hairs. 1. Sonchus.

Achenes cylindric or prismatic : pappus of rigid fragile bristles. 2. Hieracium.

1, SONCHUS [Tourn.] L. Caulescent herbs. Leaf-blades entire, toothed,
or pinnatifld, sometimes spiny-margined. Heads erect. Involucre ovoid, or
swollen at the base. Achenes flattened. Pappus deciduous. — Sow^-thistle.

1. S. oleraceus L. Stems 1-18 dm. tall: leaf -blades lyrate-pinnatifid or
runcinate, with soft-tipped teeth: achenes 2.5-3 mm. long, scarcely margined,
striate and transverse-wrinkled. — Pinelands and waste grounds. Nat. of Eu. —
F. K. (Ber., Bah., Cuba, Ayit.)

2. HIERACIUM [Tourn.] L, Caulescent or scapose herbs. Leaf-blades
entire or toothed. Heads erect. Involucres usually cylindric or campanulate,
the main bracts equal in length. Achenes oblong, fusiform or columnar.

1. H. megacephalon Nash. Plants 2-7 dm. tall, the stem and branches long-
hirsute: leaves mainly basal; blades oblong to spatulate, 6-17 cm. long,
sparingly long-hirsute and ciliate: inflorescence-branches glandular-pubescent:
inner bracts of the involucre 9-11 mm. long, narrowly linear: inner corollas
8-11 mm. long: achenes fusiform, 4-4.5 mm. long. — Pinelands. — Hawkweed.

LIST OF GENERA AND SPECIES PUBLISHED IN THIS

FLORA.

Spathiger Small. (Latiu, spathc-bcarer, referi-iug to the uumerous spathe-like

leaves or bracts.)
Spathiger rigidus (Jaeq.) Small. Epidendrum rigidum Jacq.
Auliza noeturna (L.) Small. Epidendrum nocturnum L.
Auliza difformis (Jacq.) Small. Epidendrum diffarme Jaeq.
Encyclia Small. Epidendrum, subgenus Encyclia Lindl.
Encyclia tampensis (Lindl.) Small. Epidendrum tampense Lindl.
Epieladium Boothianum (Lindl.) Small. Epidendrum Boothianum Lindl.
Cerothamnus ceriferus (L.) Small. Myrica cerifera L.
Salix amphibia Small. Type, Long Key, Everglades, Florida, Small Sf Carter,

2898, in herb. X. Y. B. G.
Delopybum Small. (Greek, visible -wheat, referring to the partly exposed

achene.)
Delopyrum gracile (Xutt.) Small. PolygoneJla gracilis Nutt.
Delopyrum ciliatum (Meisn.) Small. Polygonella ciliata Michx.
Geobalaxus Small. (Greek, ground-fruit, referring to the diminutive shrubs.)
Geobalanus oblongifolius (Michx.) Small. Clirysobalanus oblongifolius Michx.
Geobalanus pallidus Small. Type, between Cocoanut Grove and Cutler, Florida,

Small cf Carter, 711 in herb. N. Y. B. G.
Secula Small. (Latin, sicJcle, referring to the shape of the keel-petals.)
Secula viseidula (Michx.) Small. Aeschynomene viscidula Michx.
Galactia pinetorum Small. Type, between Cocoanut Grove and Cutler, Florida,

Small 4- Wilson, 1592, in herb. N. Y. B. G.
Chamaesyce gemella (Lag.) Small. Euphorbia gemella Lag.
Poinsettia pinetorum Small. Poinsettia havanensis Small. Not Euphorbia

havanensis Willd.
Malvastrum corchorifolium (Desr.) Britton. Malva corchorifolium Desr.
Anamomis longipes (Berg) Britton. Eugenia longipes Berg.
Forestiera pinetorum Small. Adelia pinetorum Small.
Echites Echites (L.) Britton. Tabernaemontana Echites L.
Amphistelma scoi^aria (Xutt.) SmalL Cynanchum scoparium Xutt.
Lyonia palustris (Pursh) Small. Ceropegia palustris Pursh.
Epicion bahamense (Griseb.) Small. Metastelma bahamense Griseb.
Sebesten Sebestena (L.) Britton. Cordia Sebestena L.
Dracocephalum leptophyllum Small. Physostegia leptophylla Small.
Hydrotrida crenulata Small. Septilia crenulata Small.
Agalinis Harperi Pennell. Type, St. Marks, Wakulla County, Florida, F. TV.

Pennell, 4707.
Agalinis filifolia (Xutt.) Pennell. Gerardia fili folia X'utt.
Dyschoriste angusta (A. Gray) Small. Caloplianes oblongifolia angusta A.

Gray.
Gerardia floridana (A. Gray) Small. Sienandrium dulce floridanum A. Gray.
Abanella Barnhart. (Latin, small spider, referring to the aspect of the

fimbriate scales and bracts.)
Aranella fimbriata (H.B.K.) Barnhart. TJtricularia fimbriata H.B.K.
Enallagma latifolia (Mill.) Small. Cresccntia latifolia Mill.
DiODELLA Small. (Diminutive of Diodia.)

Diodella rigida (Cham. & Schlecht.) Small. Diodia rigida Cham. & Schlecht.
Aster Simmondsii Small. Type, Everglades north of Long Key, Florida,

Small 4' Carter, 2892, in herb. N. Y. B. G.
Aster Sulznerae Small. Type, Banks of the Miami River. Britton. 436, in herb.

X. Y. B. G.
Aster Bracei Britton. Type, X'ew Providence, Bahamas, Britton <S' Brace, 394,

in herb. X. Y. B. G.
Phaethusa laciniata (Poir.) Small. Siegesbeclia laciniata Poir.
Cirsium vitatum Small. Carduus vitatus Small.
Cirsium pinetorum Small. Carduus pinetorum Small.

200

INDEX.

Abildgaardia, 25, 29
Abutilon, 119
Acacia, 81, 82
Acalypha, 103, !()(>

ACANTHACEAE, loO, 107

Acanthocereus, 12()
Acanthospermum, 184, 193
Acanthus Family, 167
Acerates, 147. 14S
Achyranthes, 69
Acnida, 69

Actinospermuni, 184, 196
Adam's-needle, 43
Addcr's-mouth, ").5
Aeschynomene, 86, 90
African bowstring-hemp, 42
Afzclia, 164, 166
Agalinis, 164, 167
Agave, 44
Air-plant, 39
Aldenella, 78
Aletris, 44
Alismaceae, 5
Alismales, 5
Alligator-apple, 7o
Alligator-pear, 128
Allioniaceae, 67, 71
Alpiniaceae, 47, 48
Alsinaceae, 67, 73
Altemanthera, 69
Alvaradoa, 100
Amaranthaceae, 67, 68
Amaranth Family, 68
Amaranthus, 69
Amaryllidales, 43
Amaryllis Family', 44
Ambaree, 121
Ambrosia, 182
Ambrosiaceae, 182
American-elder, 178
American-i\'y, 118
Ammannia, 130
Ammiaceae, 136
Ammiales, 135
Ammocallis, 146
Amorpha, 86, 89
Ampelopsis, 117
Amphistelma, 147, 148
Amygdalaceae, 79, 80
Amyris, 97, 98
Anacheilium, 51, 57
Anamomis, 132
Ananas, 39, 41
Andropogon, 8, 10
Angelonia, 164
Angiospermae, 1, 3
Annona, 75
Annonaceae, 74, 75
Antirrhinum, 164
Apion, 94

Apocynaceae, 146
Aquifoliaceae, 111, 112
Araceae, 35
Arales, 35
Aranella, 169, 171
Ardisiaceae, 138, 140
Arecaceae, 34
Arecales. 34
Arenaria, 74
Argemone, 77

Argyreia, 151, 154
Aristida, 8, 20
Aristolochia, 179
Aristolociiiales, 179
Armeriaceae, 138, 139
Arrow-arum, 36
Arrow-grass, 5
Arrow-grass Family, 5
Arrow-head, 5
Arrowroot, 48
Arrowroot Family, 48
Artocarpaceae, 62, 63
Arum Family, 35
Asaraceae, 179
Asclepiadaceae, 146, 147
Asclepiapales, 145
Asclepiadora, 147, 148
Aselepias, 147, 148
Ascyrum, 123
Asimina, 75
Aster, 184, 189
Atriplex, 67
Auliza, 50, 55
Australian-pine, 60
Avicennia, 161
Avicenniaceae, 150, 161
Avocado, 128
Ayenia, 122

Baccharis, 184, 191
Bald-cypress, 2
Balloon- vine, 114
Balsam-apple, 180
Banana, 47
Banana Family, 47
Barbados-cedar, 3
Barbados-flower, 84
Barnyard-grass, 13
Basellaceae, 67, 68
Batidaceae, 67, 71
Batis, 71
Bayberry, 61
Bayberry Family, 61
Bay-cedar, 99
Bay-cedar Family, 99
Bay-leaved caper-tree, 79
Beadlea, 50, 53
Beak-rush, 31
Beard-grass, 10
Beard-tongue, 165
Bedstraw, 178
Beech Family, 61
Beefwood, 60
Beefwood Family, 59
Beggar-ticks, 196
Bellflower Family, 180
Berlandiera, 184, 193
Bermuda-grass, 22
Bidens, 184, 196
Bignoniaceae, 150, 171
Birthwort Family-, 179
Bishop's-weed, 137
Bitterbush, 100
Bitter-sweet orange, 99
Bitterwood, 100
Black-bead, 82
Black-bean, 95
Black-callabash, 171
Black-ironwood, 116

Black-mangrove, 161
Black-mangrove Family, 161
Black oat-grass, 21
Black-root, 192
Bladderwort, 169
Bladderwort Family, 169
Blazing-star, 187
Bletia, 51, 57
BloUy, 72

Bloodwort Family, 46
Blueberry, 138
Blue-curls, 162
Blue-eyed grass, 46
Blue-hearts, 167
Boehmoria, 62, 63
Boerhaavia, 72
Bonnets, 76
Borreria, 174, 178
Borrichia, 184, 194
Bourreria, 157, 158
Boussingaultia, 68
Bouteloua, 9, 23
Boxwood, 114
Bradburya, 86, 93
Bramia, 164, 165
Brassicaceae, 77
Brazilian blady-grass, 9
Breynia, 103, 104
Bromeliaceae, 36, 39
Brookweed, 139
Broom-grass, 10
Brown Indian-hemp, 121
Brunoniaceae, 179, 181
Bryophyllum, 80
Buchnera, 104, 167
Buckbean Family, 145
Buckthorn, 142
Buckthorn Family, 115
Buckwheat Family, 65
Buettneriaceae, 118, 122
Bullace-grape, 117
Bumelia, 141, 142
Bur-grass, 20
Burmannia, 49
Burmanniaceae, 49
Burmannia Family, 49
Bur-marigold, 196
Bursera, 100
Burseraceae, 96, 100
Bustic, 142
Butterfly-pea, 94
Butter-weed, 191
Butterwort, 169
Buttonbush, 175
Button-snakeroot, 136, 187
Buttonweed, 177
Buttonwood, 131
Byrsonima, 97

Cabbage-palmetto, 35
Cabbagp-tree, 35
Cactus Family, 126
Cajan, SO, 92
Cakile, 77, 78
Callicarpa, 159, 161
Calonyction, 151, 152
Calophartcf:, 168
Calyptranthes, 132, 133
Campanula, 180
Campanulaceae, 179, 180

201

202

INDEX.

Campaxulales, 179
Canavali, 86, 95
Canna, 48
Canxaceae, 47, 48
Canxa Family, 48
Caper Family, 78
Caperonia, 103, 106
Caper-tree, 78
Capparidaceae, 77, 78
Capparis, 78 ,

Capraria, 164, 166
Caprifoliaceae, 173, 178
Capriola, 9, 22
Capsicum, 155, 157
Cardiospermum, 114
Cardttaceae, 182, 183
Cardcales, 181
Caribbean-pine, 2
Carica, 125

Carpet-weed Family, 73
Carphephorus, 183, 187
Carrot Family, 136
Carteria, 49, 52
Caryophyllaceae, 67, 74
Casasia, 173, 174
Cassada, 142
Cassava, 108
Cassia, 83
Cassiaceae, 79, 83
Cassytha, 129
Cassythaceae, 127, 128
Cassytha Family, 128
Castalia, 76
Castor-bean, 107
Castor-oil plant, 107
Casuarina, 59
Casuarinaceae, 59
Casuarinales, 59
CatKut, 88
Cathartolinum, 96
Catopsis, 39, 40
Cat's-claw, 81
Cat-tail, 3
Cat-tail Family, 3
Cavaponia, 180
Cedar, 3

Celastraceae, 111, 113
Celosia, 69
Celtis, 64
Cenchropsis, 8, 20
Cenchrus, 8, 20
Centella, 136
Century-plant, 44
Cephalanthus, 174, 175
Cerebera, 146
Cereus, 126, 127
Cerothamnus, 61
Chaetochloa, 8, 19
Chamaecrista, 83, 84
Chamaesyee, 104, 108
Chaptalia, 185, 199
Charlock, 78
Chenopodiaceae, 67
Chenopodiales, 66
Chenopodium, 67
Cherry, 140

Chickweed Family, 73
Chicory Family, 199
Chinese-rose, 121
Chiococca, 174, 176
Chocolate Family, 122
Choripetalae, 59
Chrysobalanus, 80
Chrysophyllum, 141
ChrysopoKon, 8, 11
Chrysopsis, 183, 188
Chytraculia, 133
Cicca, 103, 104
Cichoriaceae, 182, 199
CirBium, 185, 198

CLssus, 117
Cistaceae, 123, 124
Citharexylum, 159, 161
Citron, 99
Citrus, 97, 98
Cladium, 31
Clerodendron, 159, 161
Climbing hempweed, 186
Clitoria, 86, 94
Cnidoscolus, 103, 107
Coccolobis, 65, 66
Coccothrinas, 34
Cockspur, 20, 73
Cocoanut, 35
Cocoa-plum, 80
Coco-palm, 35
Cocos, 34, 35
Coelorachis, 8, 11
Colic-root, 44
Colubrina, 115, 116
Comfort-root, 1
Commelina, 38
Commelixaceae, 36, 38
Common-banana, 47
Common-nightshade, 156
Common-reed, 24
Comptie, 1
Cone plants, 1
Congo-pea, 92
Conocarpus, 131
Conoclinum, 183, 186
Convallariaceae, 41, 42

CONVOLVrLACEAE, 149, 150

Coontie, 1
Coral-bean, 92
Coral-flower, 165
Coral-sumac, 112
Corchorus, 118
Coreopsis, 184, 195
Cosmiza, 171
Cow-herb, 74
Crab-grass, 13
Crabwood, 107
Cracca, 86, 88
Cranichis, 50, 54
Creeping-cucumber, 180
Crescentia, 171
Crinum, 44, 45
Crocantheraum, 124
Crossopetalum, 113
Crotalaria, 85, 87
Croton, 103, 105
Crowfoot, 23
Crowfoot Family, 74
Crownbeard, 195

CUCURBITACEAE, 179

Custard-apple, 75, 125
Custard-apple Family, 75
Cycadaceae, 1
Cycadales, 1
Cymodocea, 4
Cymodoceaceae, 3, 4
Cymodocea Family, 4
Cynoctonum, 143, 144
Cyperaceae, 7, 25
Cyperus, 25
Cypress, 2
Cypress-vine, 153
Cyrtopodium, 51, 58

Dactyloctenium, 9, 23
Dahoon, 113
Dalbergia, 86, 89
Darling-plum, 116
Date-plum, 141
Day-flower, 38
Delopyrum, 65
Dendropogon, 39
Dew-flower, 38
Dianthera, 168

Dichondra, 150

DiCHONDRACEAE, 149, 150

DiCHOXDRA Family, 150
Dichromena, 25, 30

DiCOTYLEDOXES, 3, 59

Diodella, 174, 177
Diodia, 174, 177
Diospyros, 141
Dipholis, 141, 142
Distichlis, 9, 24
Ditaxis, 103, 106
Ditch-grass, 4
Doctor-gum, 112
Dodonaea, 114

DODOXAEACEAE, 111, 114

DoDoxAEA Family, 114
DooBAXE Family, 146
Dog-grass, 23
Dolicholus, 86, 91
Dolichos, 86, 95
Dondia, 67, 78
Dracaexaceae, 41, 42
Dracocephalum, 162, 163
Drosera, 79
Droseraceae, 79
Drypetes, 103, 105
Dwarf-banana, 47
Dyschoriste, 167, 168

Ebenaceae, 140, 141
Ebexales, 140
Eboxy Family, 141
Echinochloa, 8, 13
Echites, 146, 147
Eel-grass, 6
Egyptian-bean, 95
Egyptian-grass, 24
Ehretiaceae, 150, 157
Ehretia Family, 157
Elaphrium, 100
Elder, 178
Eleocharis, 25, 28
Elephantopus, 183, 185
Elephant's-foot, 185
Eleusine, 9, 23
Elm Family, 64
Elodeaceae, 6
Emilia, 185, 198
Enallagma. 171
Encyclia, 51, 56
Epicion, 147, 149
Epicladium, 51, 56
Epidendrum, .55, 56, 57
I Epilobiaceae, 129, 133
Eragrostis, 0, 24
Erechtites, 185, 198
Erianthus, 8, 9
Ericaceae, 1.37, 138
EincALES, 137
Erignron, 184, 190
Eriocaflaceae, 36, 37
Eriocaulon, 37
Eriochloa, 8, 12
Eriogonum, 65
Erithalis, 174, 176
Ernodea, 174, 177
Eryngium, 136
Eryngo, 1.36
Erythrina, 86, 92
Eugenia, 132
Eugenia, 1.32
Eupatorium, 183, 185
Euphorbia, 111
Euphorbiaceae, 103
euphorbiales, 103
Eustachys, 9, 22
Eustoma, 144
Euthamia, 183, 188
Evening-primrose, 135

INDEX.

203

EVEOTNG-PRIMHOSE FAMILY,
133

Evolvulus, 151
KxoKoniiim, 151, 153
Exostenia, 173, 174
Exothea, 114, 115

Fabaceae, 79, 85
Faqaceae, 61
Fagales, 61
Faoara, 97
False-boxwood, 114
Fnlse-mallow, 119
False-nPttlo, 63
Ficus, 63
Fiddlewood, 161
Fig, 64

FiGWORT Family, 164
Fimbristylis, 25, 29
Finger-grasg, 13
Fireweed, 198
Flaveria, 185, 197
Flax, 96
Flax Family, 96

Fleahane, 191

Floating-heart, 145

Florida-arrowroot, 1

Florida-bean, 93

Florida-mahogany, 128

Florida-moss, 39

Florida-privet, 143

Forestiera, 142, 143

Fountain-plant, 165

Four-o'clock, 72

FocR-o'cLOCK Family, 71

Foxtail, 19

Foxtail-grass, 19

Frangulaceae, 115

French-mulberry, 161

Froelichia, 69, 70

Frog-frviit, 159

Froq's-hit Family, 6

Frost- weed, 124

Fuirena, 25, 28

Galactia. 86, 93
Galingale, 25
Galium, 174, 178
Galium, 178
Gama-grass, 9
Gamopetalae, 137
Gaura, 134, 135
Gayoides, 119
Geiger-tree, 158
Genipn, 175

Gentianaceae, 143, 144
Gentianiales, 143
Gentian Family, 144
Geohalanus, 80
Geraniales, 96
Gerardia, 168
Gerarilia, 167
Germander. 162
Ginger Family, 48
Glasswort, 68
Glottidium, 86, 88
Glycine, 86, 94
Goats'-rue, 88
Golden-aster, 188
Golden-fig, 64
Goldenrod, 188
Goniostachyum, 159, 160
GooDENiA Family, 181
GoosEFOOT Family, 67
Gopher-apple, 80
Gouania, 115, 116
GooRD Family, 179
Grape. 117
Grape Family, 116
Grass Family, 7

Grnss-pink, 57
Gratiola, 104, 166
Gray-nicker, 85
Great-buUrush, 28
Greenbrier, 43
Green-milkweed, 148
Ground-cherry, 155
Groundnut, 94
Ground-oak, SO
Groundsel-tree, 191
Guava, 132
Guettarda, 174, 175
Guilandina, 83, 84
Gumbo-limbo, 100
Gum Elemi, 100
GnNNERACEAE, 129, 135
Guzmannia, 39, 40
Gyminda, 113
Gymnadeniopsis, 49, 52
Gymnanthes, 103, 107
Gymnopogon, 9, 23
Gymnospermae, 1
Gyrostachys, 53
Gyrotheca, 47

Habenaria, 49, 51
Habenella, 49, 51
Hackberry, 64
Hackelochloa. 8, 11
Haemodoraceae, 44, 46
Hairy-pipewort, 37
Halophila, 6
Hamelia, 173, 175
Hawk weed, 199
Heath Family, 138
Hedge-hyssop, 166
Helonium, 185, 197
Helinnthemum, 124
Helianthus, 184, 195
Heliotrope, 158
Heliotrope Family-, 158
Heliotropiaceae, 150, 158
Heliotropium, 158
Hercules'-club, 98
Heteropogon, 8, 11
Heterotheca, 183, 188
Hibiscus, 119, 120
Hibiscus, 121
Hieracium, 199
Hippomane, 103, 107
Hog-gum, 112
Holly, 113
Holly Family, 112
Honeysuckle Family, 178
Horsebrier, 43
Horse-weed, 191
Houstonia, 173, 174
Huckleberry Family, 138
Hyarinth-bcan, 95
Hydrocharitaceae, 6
Hydrocharitales, 6
Hydrocotyle, 136
Hydroleaceae, 149. 154
Hydrotrida, 164, 165
Hylocereus, 126, 127
Hymenocallis. 44. 45
Hypericaceae, 123
Hypericales, 122
Hypericum, 123
Hypoxis, 44
Hyptis, 162, 163

Ibidium, 50, 53
Icacorea, 140
Ichthvomethia, 86, 89
Ilex, il3
Imperata, 8, 9
Indian-almond, 131
Indian-mallow, 119
Indian-plantain, 198

Indian-shot, 48
Indigofera, 85, 87
Indigo-plant, 87
Ink-berry, 71
Inkwood, 115
Ipomoea, 151, 152
Ipomoea, 151
Iresine, (59, 70
Iris Family, 45
Ironweed, 185
Ironwood. 115, 132
Isnardia, 134
Iva, 182

IXIACEAB, 44, 45

Jacquemontia, 151, 153
Jacquinia, 140
Jamaica caper-tree, 79
•Tamaica-dogwood, 89
Jamaica-sorrel, 121
Jasminum, 142, 143
Jatropha, 104, 108
Jerusalem-cherry, 155
.Jessamine, 143
Jew-bush, 111
Joewood, 140
1 Joewood Family, 139
juncaceae, 41
Juncus, 41
juniperaceae. 2
Juniper Family, 2
Jussiaea, 134

Kidney-bean, 94
Kosteletzkya, 119, 121
Krugiodendron, 115
Krug's-holly, 113
Kuhnia, 183, 187
Kuhnistera, 86, 90

Lachnocaulon, 37

Laciniaria, 183, 187

Ladies' -tresses, 53

Laguncularia, 131

Lamiaceae, 150, 162

Lancewood, 128

Languas, 48
i Lantana, 159, 160
I Lasiacis, 8, 19

Lauraceae, 127

Laurel Family, 127

Laurel-magnolia, 76

Laurocerasus, 80, 81
( Lead-tree, 82

Lechea, 124
; Lecticula, 169, 170

Leiphaimos, 144, 145
' Lemon, 99

Lepidium, 77

Leptilon, 184. 191

T^eucaena, 81. 82

Leccojaceae, 44

Life-plant, 80

LlLIACEAE, 41, 42
LILU.LE9, 41

Lilt Family, 42
Lily-of-the-valley Family",

42
Lime, 99

Limnanthemum, 145
Liraodorum, 51, 57
Limonium, 139
Linaceae, 96
Linden Family, 118
Iiion's-heart, 163
Lithophila, 70
Live-oak, 62
Lizard's-tail, 60
Lizard's-tail Family, 6i i

201

INDEX.

LOASACEAE, 126

LOASA Family, 126
Lobelia, 181
lobeliaceae, 179, 180
Lobelia Family, 180
Locustberry, 97
LoGAXiA Family, 143
Long-moss, 39
Long-stalked stopper, 132

LOOSESTBIFE FaMILY, 130

Ludw-igia, 134
Lycium, 155, 157
Lvcopersicon, 155, 157
Lyonia, 147, 149
Lysiloma, 81, 82
Lythraceae, 129, 130
Lythrum, 130

Macradenia, 51, 58
^L^DDER Family, 173
Madeira-redwood, 101
Madeira-vine, 68
Madeira-vine Family, 68
Magnolia, 76
Magnoliaceae, 74, 75
AL^GXOLIA Family, 75
Mahoe, 121
Mahogany, 101
Mahogamy Family, 101
Maiden-cane, 16
Malache, 119, 120
Malaxis, 50, 55
Mallow Family, 119
Malpighiaceae, 96, 97
Malpighia Family, 97
Malvaceae, 118, 119
Malvales, 118
Malvastrum, 119
Manchineel, 107
Mangifera, 112
Mango, 112
Mangrove, 133
Mangrove Family, 133
Manihot, 104, 108
Maranta, 48
Marantaceae, 47, 48
Mariscus, 25, 31
Marlberry, 140
Marsh-elder, 182
Marsh-fleabane, 192
Marsh-grass, 22
Marsh-pennywort, 136
Marsh-pink, 144
Marsh-purslane, 134
Marsh-rosemary, 139
Mastic, 142
Maytenus, 113
Meadow-beauty, 129
Meadow-beauty Family, 129
Mecardonia, 164, 165
Meibomia, 86, 90
Melanthera, 184, 193
Melastomaceae, 129
Meliaceae, 96, 101
Melothria, 180
Mentzelia, 126
Menyanthaceae, 143, 145
Mermaid-weed, 135
Mesadenia, 185, 198
Mesosphaerum, 163
Mesquite-grass, 23
Metastelma, 147, 149
Metastelma, 149
Metopium, 112 ■
Mexican-tea, 67
Mikania, 183, 186
Milk-pea, 93
Milkweed, 148
Milkweed Family, 147
Milkwort, 101

Milkwort Family, 101
MiMOSACEAE, 79, 81

Mimosa Family, 81
Mint Family, 162
Mirabilis, 71, 72
Misanteca, 127, 128
Mist-flower, 186
Miterwort, 144
Momordica, 180

MONOCOTYLEDONES, 3

Moon-flower, 153

Morelkt, 61

Morinda, 174, 176

Morning-glory, 152

Morning-glory Family, 150

Morongia, 81, 82

Morus, 63

Mucuna, 86, 92

Muhlenbergia, 9, 21

Mulberrj', 63

Mulberry Family, 63
' Musa, 47

Musaceae, 47
I Muscadinia, 117

Mustard Family, 77
I Myrica, 61

Myricaceae, 61

MmiCALEs, 61

Myrsine, 140

Myrsine Family, 140

Myrtaceae, 129, 131

Myrtales, 129

Myrtle, 61

Myrtle Family, 131

Myrtle-of-the-river, 133

Naiadaceae, 3, 5
Naiadales, 3
Naias, 5

Naias Family, 5
Naked-stopper, 132
Nakedwood, 116, 132
Nama, 154
Neptunia, 81, 82
Nerium, 146
Nettle Family, 62
Nightblooming-cereus, 127
Nut-grass, 27
Nut-rush, 33
Nymphaea, 76
Nymphaeaceae, 74, 76
Nymphoides, 145

Oak, 61

Ocimum, 162, 163
Ocotea, 127, 128
Oenothera, 135
Okenia, 71, 72
Olacaceae, 172
Oleaceae, 142
Oleales, 142
Oleander, 146
Olive Family, 142
Oncidium, 51, 59
Operculina, 151
Oplismonus, 8, 14
Opuntia, 126, 127
Opcntiaceae, 126
Opuntiales, 126
Orache, 68
Orchidaceae, 49
Orchidales, 49
Orchid Family, 49
Orpine Family, 80
Otaheite-gooseberry, 10 i
Oxalidaceae. 96, 97
Oxypolin, 136, 137
Oxytria, 42

Painted-leaf, 111

Palafoxia, 184. 197
Palma-chriati, 107
Palmetto, 34
Palm Family, 34
Pandanales, 3
Panic-grass, 14
Panicum, 8, 14
Panicum, 12
Papaveraceae, 77
Papaverales, 76
Papaw, 75, 125
Papaw Family, 125
Papayace^e, 125
Paradise-tree, 100
Parietaria, 62, 63
Paritium, 119. 121
Parosela, 86, S',1
Parthenium, 184, 193
Parthenocissus, 117, 118
Paspalum, 8, 11
Passiflora, 125
Passifloraceae, 125
Passiflorales, 124
Passion-flower, 125
Passion-flower Family, 125
Pavonia, 120
Pea Family, 85
Pectis, 185, 198
Pedilanthus, 104, HI
Pelexia, 50, 52
Pellitory, 63
Peltandra, 36
Pentstemon, 164, 165
Peperomia, 60
Pepper, 157
Pepper Family, 60
Peppergrass, 77
Pepper-vine, 117
Periwinkle, 146
Persea, 127, 128
Per sea, 128
Persiraria, 65, 66
Persimmon, 141
Petalostemon, 86, 89
Petiveria, 71
Petiveriaceae, 67, 71
Petiveria Family, 71
Phaethusa, 1S4, 195
Pharbitis, 151
Phaseolus, 86, 94
Philibertella. 147
Philoxerus, 69, 70
Phlox, 1.54
Phlox Family, 154
Phragmites, 9, 24
Phyla, 159

Phyllanthus, 103, 104
Phyllanthus, 105
Physalis, 155
Physostegia, 163
Phvsurus, 50, 54
Phytolacca, 70, 71
Phytolacca ceae, 67, 70
Pickerel-weed, 39
Pickerel-weed Family, 38
Picramnia, 100
Pigeon-pea, 92
Pigeon-plum, 66
Pilca, 62, 63

PiNACEAE, 2

Finales, 1
Pine, 2
Pineapple, 41
Pineapple Family, 39
Pine Family, 2
Pinc-hyacinth, 75
Pinguicula, 169

PlNGCICULACEAE, 150, 169

Pink Family, 74
Pinus, 2

INDEX.

205

Pin-wped, 124

PiPERACEAE, 60
PiPERALEB, 00

Pipewort, 37
PiPEWORT Family, 37
Piriqueta, 124
Pisonia, 72
Pithecolobivim, SI
Pl.\ntaginaceae, 172
Plantaoinales, 172
PlantaRO, 172
Plantain, 172
Plantain Family, 172
Platypus, 51, 58
Pluchea, 184, 192
Plumbacjo Family, 139
Plume-grass, 9
Plum Family, SO
Poaceae, 7
Poales, 7
Poinciana, 83, 84
Poinsettia, 104, 110
Poison-ivy, 112
Poison-oak, 112
Poisonwood, 112
Poke, 71

Pokeweed Family, 70
Pole-bean, 94
Polemoniaceae, 1J50, 154
Polemoniales, 149
Polygala, 101
Polyoalaceae, 101
Polygalales, 101
Polygonaceae, 65
polygonales, 64
Polygonella, 65
Polygonella, 65
Polyprenium, 143, 144
Polypteris, 184, 197
Polystachya, 50, 55
Pomegranate, 131
Pomegranate Family, 130
Pond-apple, 75
Pond-lily, 76
Pond weed, 4
PoNDWEED Family, 4
Pontoderia, 39
Pontederiaceae, 36, 38
Ponthieva, 50, 54
Poppy Family, 77
Portulaea, 73
Portulacaceae, C7, 73
Potamogeton, 4
Potato Family, 154
Potato-tree, 156
Poverty-grass, 20
Prairie-rlover, 90
Prescottia, 50, 54
Prickly-ash, 98
Prickly-pear, 127
Prickly-poppy, 77
Primrose Family, 139
Primulaceae, 138, 139
Primulales, 138
Prince-wood, 174
Proserpinaca, 135
Psidium, 132
Psychotria, 174, 176
Pterocaulon, 184, 192
Ptilimnium, 136, 137
Punica, 130
PUNICACEAE, 129, 130
Purslane, 73
Purslane Family, 73
Pycnothymus, 162, 163

Quamoclit, 151, 153
Quassia Family, 99
Queen-root, 107
Queen's-delight, 107

Quercus, 61

Ragweed, 182
Ragweed Family, 182
Raimannia, 134, 135
Ranales, 74
Randia, 173, 175
Ranunculaceae, 74
Rapanea, 140
Rattle-box, 87
Red-bay, 128
Redbird-flower, 111
Red-ironwood, 116
Red morning-glory, 153
Red-mulberry, 63
Red-root, 47
Remirea, 25, 31
Reynosia, 115, 116
Rhabdadenia, 146, 147
Rhacoma, 113
Rhaeo, 38
Rhamnales, 115
Rhamnidium, 116
Rhexia, 129

Rhinanthaceae, 150, 164
Rhizophora, 133
Rhizophoraceae, 129, 133
Rhus, 112
Rib-grass, 172
Ribwort, 172
Richardia, 174, 177
Ricinus, 103, 107
Rivina, 70
RocK-RosE Family, 124

ROSALES, 79

Roselle, 121
Rose-mallow, 120
Rough-strongback, 1.58
Rough velvet-seed, 176
Royal-palm, 35
Roystonea, 34, 35
rubiaceae, 173
rubiales, 173
Rue Family, 97
Ruellia, 167, 168
Ruppia, 4
Rush, 41
Rush Family, 41
Rush-grass, 21
Russelia, 164, 165
RUTACEAE, 96, 97
Rynchospora, 25, 31

Sabal, 34

Sabbatia, 144

Sabina, 2

Sacciolepis, 8, 19

Sachsia, 184, 192

Sage, 163

Sagittaria, 5

Sago-palm Family, 1

St. Andrew's-cross, 123

St. John's-wort, 123

St. John's-wort Family, 123

St. Peter's-wort, 123

Salicaceae, 60

Salicales, 60

Salicornia, 67, 68

Salix, 61

Saltwort, 71

Saltwort Family, 71

Salvia, 162, 163

Sambucus, 178

Samodia, 1.39

Samolus, 139

Samolus, 1.39

Samphire, 68

Sand-bur, 20

Sand-grass, 10

Sand-pine, 2

Sand-spur, 20
Sandwort, 74
Sansevieria, 42
Santalales, 172
Sapindaceae, 111, 114
Sapindales, 111
Sapindus, 114, 1 15
Sapodilla, 142
Sapodilla Family, 141
Sapota, 141
Sapotaceae, 140, 141
Sarraceniales, 79
Satinleaf, 141
Saururaceae, 60
Saururus, 60
Saw-grass, 31
Saw-palmetto, 35
Scaevola, 181
Schaefferia, 113, 114

SCHELCIIZERIACEAE, 5

Schizachyrium, 8, 10
SrIimaltHa, 112
Schoenus, 25, 30
Schoepfia, 173
Scirpus, 25, 28

SCITAMINALES, 47

Scloria, 25, 33
Scoparia, 164, 166
Scrub-palmetto, 35
Scutellaria, 162
Sea-blite, 68
Sea-grape, 66
Sea-lavender, 139
Sea-mustard, 78
Sea-oats, 24
Sea ox-eye, 194
Sea-purslane, 73
Sea-rocket, 78
Seaside-mahoe, 122
Sebesten, 1.57
Secula, 86, 90
Sedaceae, 79, 80
Sedge Family, 25
Seed plants, 1
Senna, 83
Senna Family, 83
Sensitive-brier, 82
Sensitive joint-vetch, 90
Sensitive-pea, 84
Sensitive-plant, 84
Serenoa, 34, 35
Sericocarpus, 184, 1.89
Sesame-grass, 9
Sesuvium, 73
Setiscapella, 169, 170
Seven-year apple, 175
Shell-flower, 48
Shoeblack plant, 121
Shore-grass, 20
Sida, 119, 120
Sideroxylon, 141, 142
Silver-palm, 34
Simarouba, 100

SiMAROUBACEAE, 96, 99

Simmon, 141
Sinapsis, 77
Sisvrinchium, 46
Skullcap, 162
Slash-pine, 2
Small-cane, 19
Smart-weed, 66
Smilacaceae, 41, 43
Smilax, 43
Smilax Family, 43
Smooth-strongback, 158
Sneczeweed, 197
Snowberry, 176
Snow-bush, 105
Soapberry, 115
Soapberry Family, 114

206

INDEX.

SOLANACEAE, 150, 154

Solanum, 155, 156
Solidago, 183, 188
Sonchus, 199
Sophora, 85, 86
Sophronanthe, 164, 166
Sour-grass, 97
Southern-sumac, 112
Sow-thistle, 199
Spanish-bayonet, 42
Spanish-dagger, 43
Spanish-moss, 39
Spanish-stopper, 132
Spartina, 9, 22
Spathiger, 50, 55
Spermacoce, 174, 178
Spebmatophyta, 1
Spicewood, 133
Spider-lily, 45
Spiderwort Family, 38
Spigeliaceae, 143
Spike-grass, 25
Spike-rush, 29
Splatter-dock, 76
Spoxdiaceae, 111
Sporobolus, 9, 21
Spruce-pine, 2
Spurge, 108, 110
Spurge Family, 103
Spurge-nettle, 107
Staff-tree Family, 113
Star-grass, 44
Steinchisma, 8, 18
Stemmodontia, 194
Stenandrium, 168
Stenophyllus, 25, 30 _
Stenorrhynchus, 50, 53
Stenotaphrum, 8, 20
Stillingia, 103, 107
Stipa, 9, 21
Stizolobium, 93
Stomoisia, 169, 170
Stopper, 132, 133
String-bean, 94
Strophostyles, 86, 94
Stylisma, 150, 151
Stylosanthes, 86, 90
Sugarberry, 64
Sumac, 112
Sumac Family, 111
Sundew, 79
Sundew Family, 79
Sunflower, 195
Suriana, 99

SURIAXACEAE, 96, 99

Swamp-bay, 128
Swamp-lily, 45
Swamp-pine, 2
Swamp red-bay, 128
Sweet-bay, 76, 128
Sweet-orange, 99
Sweet-potato, 152
Swietenia, 101
Syntherisma, 8, 13

Talisia, 114, 115
Tallow-wood, 173
Tamala, 127
Tamarind, 85
Tamarindus, 83, 85
Tape-grass, 6
Tape-grass Family, 6
Taxodium, 2
Tecoma, 171
Terminalia, 131

Termixaliaceae, 129, 131
Tetragoxiaceae, 67, 73
Tetrazygia, 129, 130
Teucrium, 162
Thalassia, 7
Thalia, 49

Theophrastaceae, 138, 139
Thespesia, 119, 121
Thistle, 198
Thistle Family, 183
Thorny-amaranth, 69
Thoroughwort, 185
Three-seeded mercury, 106
Thymeleales, 127
Thysanella, 65
Tickseed, 195
Tick-trefoil, 91

TiLIACEAE, 118

Tillandsia, 39
Tithymalopsis, 104, 110
Tithymalus, 104, 110
Tomato, 157
Toothache-tree, 98
ToRCHwooD Family, 100
Torrubia, 72
Tournefortia, 158
Toxicodendron, 112
Tragia, 103, 106
Tread-softly, 107
Trema, 64
Tricharhne, 12
Trichostema, 162
Tridax, 184, 196
Triglochin, 5
Triorchos, 51, 58
Tripsacum, 8, 9
Triumfetta, 118
Tropidia, 50, 55
Trumpet-creeper Family, 171
Trumpet-flower, 146
Tubiflora, 167, 168
Tuft-grass, 31
Tukxeraceae, 123
Turxera Family, 123
Turtle-grass, 7
Typha, 3
Typhaceae, 3

Ulmaceae, 62, 64
Umbrella-grass, 28
Umbrella-plant, 26
Uniola, 9, 24
Urechites, 146
Urena, 119, 120
Urticaceae, 62
Urticales, 62
Utricularia, 169
Ulricularia, 171

Vaccaria, 74
Vacciniaceae, 137, 138
Vaccinium, 138
Vachellia, 81, 82
Valerianoides, 159, 160
Vallisneria, 6
Valota, 12
Vanilla, 50, 52
Velvet-bean, 93
Velvet-seed, 175
Verbena, 159
Verbenaceae, 150, 159
Verbesina, 184, 193
Vemonia, 183, 185
Vervain Family, 159
Vesiculina, 169

Vetch, 95
Vicia, 86, 95
Vigna, 86, 95
Viorna, 75

Virginia-creeper, 118
Vitaceae, 115. 116
Vitis, 117
Voyria, 145

Waltheria, 122
Wampel, 39
Warea, 77, 78
Water-hemp, 69
Water-leaf Family', 154
Water-lily, 76
Water-lily Family, 76
Water-milfoil Family', 135
Water-pennywort, 136
Water-pimpernel, 139
Water-plantain Family, 5
Wax-myrtle, 61
Wedelia, 184, 194
West-Indian birch, 100
West-Indian cherry, 81
White-buttonwood, 131
White-mangrove, 131
White-mangrove Family, 131
White-stopper, 132
White-top, 30
White-topped aster, 189
Whitewood, 173
Wild-bean, 94, 95
Wild-coffee, 116, 176
Wild-fig, 64
Wild-lime, 98
Wild-olive, 142
Wild-tamarind, 82
Willow, 61
Willow Family, 60
Willufjbaem, 186, 187
Wire-grass, 20, 21, 23
Wood-sorrel Family, 97
Worm-seed, 67

Xanthoxalis, 97
Ximenia, 173
XiMENiA Family, 172
Xolisma, 138
Xyhidacbae, 36
Xyridales, 36
Xyris, 36

Yard-grass, 23
YaupoHj 113
Yellow-eyed grass, 36
Yellow-eyed grass Family,

36
Yellow-flax, 96
Yellow morning-glory, 151
Yellow-nicker, 85
Yellow-opopanax, 82
Yellow pond-lily, 76
Yellow trumpet-flower, 171
Yellow-wood, 114
Yellow wood-sorrel, 97
Yucca, 42
Yucca Family, 42

Zamia, 1
Zannichellia, 4
Zaxxichkli.iaceae, 3, 4
Zanthoxylum, 97

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