" Reprinted from the Canadian Record of Science, October, 1892."

The Flora of Montreal Island.

By Robert Campbell, D.D., M.A.

For some years I have felt, in common with others inter-
ested in our local Natural History, that it is a pity we have
not a complete list of the plants growing on our own island,
and when giving a paper in March, 1891, on the Summer
Wild Flowers of Great Britain, I volunteered to do what I
could personally to repair the want, an undertaking which
the Natural History Society was pleased to approve.
Throughout the season of 1891, I kept my eyes open where
ever I chanced to be on the island, in the prosecution of
duty or in pursuit of recreation, and I succeeded in securing
specimens of the following plants, which I have mounted
and presented to the museum of the Natural History
Society. After I had entered on my voluntary task, the
Botanical Club of Canada was formed, during the sitting of
the Royal Society in this city in 1891, and it has mapped
out the Dominion for Botanical purposes, assigning each
county or group of counties to certain well known natur-
alists who are asked to take the oversight of the botanical
research in their respective districts, securing the co-opera-
tion of local workers in this department, cheering them on
and directing their enthusiasm. Anything I can do in
connection with this joint movement, I shall be glad to
attempt, and if the results I reach can be utilized by the
Botanical Club, I put them entirely at its disposal. On the
other hand, as one person cannot be expected to fall upon
everything that grows on the island, I crave the help of
every botanist in the district in the effort to secure as com-
plete a catalogue as possible of our local flora. A well
assorted cabinet of the plants growing around the city,
placed in the museum of the Natural History Society, and
thus put within reach of all among our citizens that are
interested in this delightful science, would be a great boon ;
and the wonder is that an attempt to secure it has not been
long ago made.

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'2 1 0 Canadian Record of Science.

I am not overlooking the Holmes' collection, nor am I
unmindful of its great scientific value, nut it should not be
forgotten that seventy years have elapsed since it was made,
and very great and important changes must have come over
the flora of the district in the interval. Besides, Dr.
Holmes' Herbarium did not profess to be solely a Montreal
island collection, much less did it claim to present a com-
plete catalogue of the plant-life of the island. The bulk of
the specimens which he preserved for the instruction of
later generations, as might be expected, were indeed
gathered in the neighborhood of the city, picked up, many
of them, doubtless, while he was prosecuting his profes-
sional work. To this extent, it may be taken as a complete
Montreal collection, that it represents the island plants
which came under Dr. Holmes' notice, or of which he be-
came possessed. Other places are credited occasionally as
the habitat of the specimens embraced, but whenever a
plant was found in or near the city, Montreal was invari-
ably first mentioned among the localities in which it grew.
When Montreal is not credited with a plant, it may there-
fore be taken for granted that Dr. Holmes never came across
the plant on the island. It will be interesting to note how
far the flora of Montreal to-day corresponds with that of
seventy years ago ; and I have compared the collection I
have so far made with the Herbarium of Dr. Holmes, with
the object of finding out what changes, if any, have come
about. Or rather I have taken the catalogue of the Her-
barium, prepared by the late Prof. James Barnston, and
published in ''The Canadian Naturalist and Geologist," for
April, 1859, as the basis of comparison ; and I shall assume
that Prof. Barnston's nomenclature is correct and in agree-
ment with the classification of Gray, as it claimed to be.

Clematis Virginiana, L. — Common Virgin's Bower. —
August. Mountain Park, south of Park Banger's house.

(Holmes).

Clematis verticillaris, DC. — Virgin's Bower — Mountain
above Kavenscrag and elsewhere. (Holmes' Atragene
Americana). June.

The Flora of Montreal Island. 211

Anemone Virginiana, Gray. — Virginian Anemone. —
North end of mountain, and common on the island. June.

Anemone Pennsylvania, L. — Pennsylvanian Anemone. —
(Holmes). June. Common.

Hepatica acutiloba, DC. — Sharplobed Hepatica.— North
end of Mount Eoyal. April and May.

Hepatica triloba, Chaix. — Eound-lobed Hepatica. — South
end of Mount Eoyal, and Petite Cote Woods. (Holmes) —
April and May.

Thalictrum dioicum, L. — Early Meadow-rue. — Common.
(Holmes). April and May.

Thalictrum poly gamum, Muhl., (T. Cornuti, Holmes). — Fall
Meadow-rue. — Common. July and August.

Ranunculus abortivus, L. — Small-flowered Crowfoot. —
Everywhere. (Holmes). April and May.

Ranunculus sceleratus, L. — Cursed Crowfoot. — Wet meadow
at Hochelaga. June.

Ranunculus repens, L. — Creeping Crowfoot. — Common.
July and August. (Holmes).

Ranunculus acris, L. — Tall Crowfoot or Buttercup. —
June, September. Common. (Holmes).

Ranunuculus fascicularis.—l$iiiv]y Crowfoot. — Hochelaga
bank. May.

Ranunculus septentrionalis, Poir. — Northern Crowfoot. —
Prince Arthur street. May.

Caltha palustris, L. — Marsh Marigold. — May. Meadows,
St. Cunegonde and Lachine. (Holmes).

Coptis trifolia, Salisb. — Three-leaved Gold Thread. — May,
Mount Eoyal and Hochelaga banks. (Holmes).

Aquilegia Canadensis, L. — Wild Columbine. — West side
Mt. Eoyal, common. May and June. (Holmes).

Aquilegia vulgaris. — Common Garden Columbine. — Es-
caped from cultivation, St. Laurent road. May and June.

Aetata spicata, L., var. rubra. Michx. — Eed Baneberry. —
Common. May. (Holmes).

- 1 2 Canadian Rec )rd of Science.

Actcea alba, Bigel. — White Baneberry. — Common. May.

(Holmes).

Caulophyllum thalictroides, Michx. — Blue Cohosh. — North
end of mountain and elsewhere. May.

Nuphar advena, Ait. — Common Yellow Pond Lily. — River
St. Pierre. July. (Holmes).

Chelidonium majus, L. — Celandine. — Fletcher's Field, com-
mon. (Holmes). May.

Sanguinaria Canadensis. — Bloodroot. — Common. April.
(Holmes).

Dicentra cucullaria. — Dutchman's Breeches. — Petite Cote
woods. (Holmes' corydalis cucullaria). May.

Corydalis glauca. — Pale Corydalis. — (Holmes). June.
Mountain.

Nasturtium officinale, E.Br. — Water Cress. — Below bridge,
near junction of cemeteries. July.

Nasturtium palustre, DO. — Marsh Cress. — (Holmes'
sisymbrium palustre). June. Common.

Nasturtium armorica, Fries. — Horse Kadish. — Creek near
Cote des Neiges. June.

Dentaria diphylla, L. — Two-leaved Tooth wort. — Mountain,
common. May and June. (Holmes).

Arabis laevigata, DC. — Smooth Eock Cress. — Mountain,
near Park Hanger's house. June. (Holmes' turritis laevi-
gata).

Erysimum cheiranthoides. L. — Wormseed Mustard. — Flet-
cher's Field. June.

Sisymbrium officinale, Scop. — Hedge Mustard. — Common.
June.

Brassica sinapistrum, Bois. — Charlock. — Common. June.

Brassica alba, L. — White Mustard. — (Holmes' sinapis
alba). Common. June.

Brassica nigra, L. — Black Mustard. — (Holmes' sinapis
nigra). Common. June.

Draba arabisans, Michx. — Whitlow Grass. — Outremont.
June.

The Flora of Montreal Island. 213

Capsella bursa-pastoris, Moench. — Shepherd's Purse — Com-
mon. May. (Holmes' thlaspe bursa-pastoris).

Thlaspi arvense, L. — Field Penny Cress. — (Holmes). Com-
mon. July.

Lepidium virginicum, L. — Wild Pepper Grass. — Common
on streets. August. (Holmes).

Lepidium campestre, L. — Peppergrass. — Cote St. Louis.
August.

Viola blanda, Willd. — Sweet White Violet. — Common.
May. (Holmes).

Viola cucullata, Ait. — Common Blue Violet. — Common.
May. (Holmes).

Viola pubescens, Ait, — Downy Yellow Violet. — Common.
May. (Holmes).

Viola Canadensis, L. — Canada Violet. — Common. May.
(Holmes).

Viola canina, L., var. Sylve^tns. Eegel. — Dog Violet. —
Hochelaga banks. May.

Helianthemum Canadense, Michx. — Frost Weed. — Petite
Cote. June.

Hypericum perforatum, L. — Common St. John's Wort. —
Common. July. (Holmes).

Hypericum mutilum, L. — Small St. John's Wort. — Hoche-
laga banks. July. (Holmes' hypericum pavviflorum).

Hypericum corymbosum, Muhl. — Corymbed St. John's
Wort.— Cote St. Paul. August.

Elodes virginica, Nutt. — Marsh St. John's Wort. — Bout de
L'isle. August.

Saponaria officinalis, L. — Bouncing Bet. — Park Avenue.
August.

Silene cucubalw, Wibel. — Bladder Campion. — Common.
July.

Silene Pennsylvanica, Michx. — Wild Pink. — Field near
Hochelaga bank. September.

214 Canadian Record of Science.

Silene noctiriora; L. — Night Flowering Catchfly. — Flet-
cher's Field. July.

Lychnis git hag o, Lara. — Corn Cockle. — Comraon. July.

Stellaria media, Smith. — Common Chickweed. — Common.
July. (Holmes' alsine media).

Stellaria longifolia, Muhl. — Longleaved Stitch wort. — June.
Cote St. Antoine. (Holmes' stellaria graminea).

Cerastium viscosum, L — Larger Mouse-ear Chickweed. —
June. Common. (Holmes).

Cerastium arvense, L. — Field Chickweed. — July. Common.
Cerastium nutans, Raf. — Nodding Chickweed. — Petite
Cote. August.

Portulaca oleracea, L. — Common Purslane. — August.
Common. (Holmes).

Claytonia Caroliniana, Michx. — Spring Beauty. — May.
Common. (Holmes' C. Virginica).

Malua rotundifolia, L. — Round Leaved Mallow. — June.
Common. (Holmes).

Tilia Americana, L. — Bass wood. — May. Comraon.

Linum usitatissimum, L. — Common Flax. — Cote St. Louis
and elsewhere. Strayed from cultivation. August.

Oxalis acetosella, L. — White Woodsorrel. — July. Hoche-
laga woods. (Holmes).

Oxalis stricta, L. — Yellow Woodsorrel. — June. Common.
(Holmes' O. Dillenii).

Impatiens fulva, Nutt. — Spotted Touch-me-not. — July.
Common. (Holmes I. noli-me-tangere).

Impatiens pallida, Nutt. — Pale Touch-me-not. — August.
Common. (Holmes I. biflora).

Zanthoxylum Americanum, Mill. — Northern Prickly Ash. —
April. Field near Petite Cote. (Holmes' Z. fraxineum).

Rhus typhina, L. — Staghorn Sumach. — Mt. Eoyal. July.
(Holmes).

Rhus toxicodendron, L. — Poison Ivy. — June. Common.
(Holmes).

The Flora of Montreal Island. 215

Vitis cordifolia, Michx. — Frost Grape. — June. Common.
(Holmes' V. riparia).

Ampelopsis quinquefolia, Michx. — Virginia Creeper. —
Mountain and along fences on island. July. (Holmes'
cissus hederacea).

Celastrus scandens, L. — Climbing Bitter-sweet. — June.
Common on fences over the island. (Holmes).

Acer Pennsylvanicum. L. — Striped Maple. — May. North
end of mountain.

Acer spicatum, Lam. — Mountain Maple. —May. Common.
(Holmes).

Acer saccharinum, Wang. — Sugar Maple. — May. Lachine
and elsewhere on island. (Holmes).

Acer dasycarpum, Ehrhart. — Silver Maple. — April. Com-
mon.

Acer rubrum, L. — Eed Maple. — May. Common. (Holmes).
Trifolium praUnse, L. — Red Clover. — fune. Common.
(Holmes).

Trifolium repens. L. — White Clover. — June. Common.
(Holmes).

Trifolium agrarium, L. — Hop Clover. — June. Hochelaga
bank.

Trifolium procumbens, L. — Low Hop Clover. — July.
Hochelaga bank.

Medicago lupulina, L. — Black Medick. — June. Every-
where.

Melilotus officinalis, Willd. — Yellow Sweet Clover. — June.
Everywhere.

Melilotus alba, Lam. — White Sweet Clover. — June. Com-
mon.

Robiw'a pseudacacia, L. — Common Locust. — June. St.
Michel.

Desmodium acuminatum, DC. — Tick Trefoil. — August.
Mountain. (Holmes' Hedysarum acuminatum).

Desmodium Dillenii, Darling. — Tick Trefoil. — August.
Northern part of Mountain.

216 Canadian Record of Science.

Desmodium Canadense, DC. — Tick Trefoil. — August. Park
near north end of mountain. (Holmes' Hedysarum Cana
dense).

Vicia sativa. L. — Common Vetch. — July. Common.
(Holmes).

Vicia cracca, L. — Tufted Vetch. — June. Everywhere.
(Holmes).

Amphicarpcca monoica, Nutt. — Hog Peanut. — August.
Overruns cemetery woods. (Holmes' glycine monoica).

Primus Americana, Marshall. — Wild Plum. — Around
mountain. May.

Prunus Pennsylvanica. L. — Wild Eed Cherry. — Common.
May. (Holmes).

Prunus Serotina, Ehrhart.— Wild Black Cherry.— Pap-
ineau Poad and Petite Cote. June.

Prunus Virginiana, L. — Choke-cherry. — Very common.
May. (Holmes' P. serotina).

Spiraia salicifolia, L. — Common Meadow-sweet. — Com-
mon. August. (Holmes' S. latifolia).

Agrimow'a eupatoria, L. — Common Agrimony. — July.
Common. (Holmes).

Poterium Canadense, Benth and Hook. — Canadian Burnet.
— Savanne, St. Michel. September. (Holmes' sanguis-
orba Canadensis).

(jteum album, Gmelin. — White Avcns — .June. HocheUga
woods. (Holmes).

Geum strictum, Ait. — Yellow Avens. — June. Common.
(Holmes).

Geum rivale, L — Purple Avens. — July. Common.
(Holmes).

Potentilla Norvegica, L. — Norway Cinque-foil. — July.
Common. (Holmes).

Potentilla Canadensis, L. — Canada Cinque foil. — June.
Hochelaga bank. (Holmes' P. simplex).

Potentilla anserina, L. — Silver Weed. — June. Common.
(Holmes).

The Flora of Montreal Island. 217

Potentilla fruticosa, L. — Shrubby Cinque-foil. — Savanne.
St. Michel. September. (Holmes).

Fragaria Virginiana, Ehrhart. — Common Strawberry. —
May. Common. (Holmes).

Fragaria vesca, L, — Sharp Pointed Strawberry. — June.
Common in woods.

Rubus odoratus, L. — Purple Flowering Raspberry. — Moun-
tain and elsewhere. June. (Holmes).

Rubus triflorus, Richardson. — Dwarf Raspberry. — Hoche-
laga banks and elsewhere. May. (Holmes).

Rubus strigosus, Michx. — Wild Red Raspberry. — June.
All over the island. (Holmes).

Rubus occidentalism L. — Black Raspberry. — East side of
mountain. June. (Holmes).

Rubus villosus, Ait. — High Blackberry. — North end of
mountain. June. (Holmes).

Rubus hispidus, L. — Running Swamp Blackberry. — Swamp
between cemeteries. June.

Rosa blanda, Ait. — Early Wild Rose. — East end of moun-
tain. June.

Rosa Carolina, L. — Swamp Rose. — Papineau woods. July.
(Holmes).

Rosa rubiginosa, L. — Sweet Brier. — Mountain, Outremont
and elsewhere. June. (Holmes).

Crataegus coccinea, L. — Scarlet Fruited Thorn. — Moun-
tain. May. (Holmes).

Crataegus tomentosa, L. — Black or Pear Thorn. — North
end of mountain and elsewhere. June. (Holmes).

Cratwgus crusgalli, L. — Cockspur Thorn. — North end of
mountain. June. (Holmes).

Pyrus arbutifolia, L. — Chokeberry. — Cote St. Paul. June.
(Holmes' aronia melanocarpa).

Pyrus americana, D. C. — American Mountain Ash. — June.
(Holmes' sorbus Americana).

218 Canadian Record of Science.

Amelanchier Canadensis, var. rotundifolia, Torr and Gray.
— Shadbush. — May. Mountain. (Holmes' aronia ovalis).

Amelanchier Canadensis, var. Botryapium, Tori* and Gray.

— Juneberry. — May. Hoehelaga banks. (Holmes' aronia
botryapium).

Ribes cynosbati, L. — Wild Gooseberry. — Between ceme-
teries. May. (Holmes' ribes triflorum).

Ribes hirtellum, Michx. — Small Wild Gooseberry. — June.
St. Michel.

Ribes lacustre, Poir. — Swamp Gooseberry. — Hoehelaga
banks. June. (Holmes).

Ribes floridum, L. — Wild Black Currant, May. Between
cemeteries. (Holmes).

Ribes rubrum, L. — Wild Eed Currant. — May. Hoehelaga
banks. (Holmes).

Parnassia Caroliniana, Michx. — Grass of Parnassus. — Sep-
tember. Savanne, St. Michel.

Saxifraga Virginiensis, Michx. — Early Saxifrage. — May.
Mountain. (Holmes' S. nivalis).

Mitella diphylla, L. — Two-leaved Mitre-wort. — Base of
mountain. May. (Holmes).

Mitella nuda, L. — Naked Stalked Milella. — Hoehelaga
woods. June. (Holmes' M. cordifolia).

Tiarella cordifolia, L. — Praise Mitre-wort. — May. Base of
mountain. (Holmes).

Penthorum sedoides, Gronov. — Ditch Stonecrop. — Cote St.
Paul. July. (Holmes).

Circaia lutetiana, L. — Enchanter's Nightshade. — Hoehe-
laga woods. July. (Holmes).

Circaia Alpina, L. — Small Enchanter's Nightshade. —
Mountain. July. (Holmes).

Epilobium angusti folium, L. — Great Willow Herb. — July.
Hoehelaga woods and elsewhere. (Holmes).

Epilobium palustre, L., var. lineare. — Epilobe. — August.

(Holmes).

The Flora of Montreal Island. 219

Epilobium molle, Ton*. — Epilobe. — August. Cote St. Paul.

Epilobium coloratura, Muhl. — Epilobe Swamp. — St.
Michel. (Holmes' K. tetragonum).

(Enothera biennis, L. — Common Evening Primrose. —
August. St. Michel and elsewhere. (Holmes).

(Enothera pumila, L. — Small Evening Primrose. — Hoche-
laga bank. June. (Holmes' (E. pusilla).

Sicyos angulatus, L. — Star Cucumber. — Fletcher's Field.
September. (Holmes).

Sanicula Marilandica, L. — Snakeroot. — June. Mountain.
(Holmes).

Daucus carota, L. — Common Carrot. — June. Road-sides.

Heracleum lanatum, Michx. — Cow Parsnip. — Cote St. Paul
and elsewhere. June. (Holmes).

Pastinaca sativa, L. — Common Parsnip. — June. Road-
sides. (Holmes).

Conioselinum Canadense, Torr. and Gray. — Hemlock Par-
sley.— Back River and elsewhere.

Cicuta maculata, L. — Spotted Cowbane. — Cote St. Paul.
July. (Holmes).

Sium lineare, Michx. — Water Parsnip. — August. Pointe-
aux-Trembles. (Holmes).

Carum carui, L.— Caraway. — June. Roadsides, in many
places.

Osmorrhiza longistylis, DC. — Smoother Sweet Cicely. —
June. Mountain side. (Holmes' Myrrh is longistylis).

Osmorrhiza brevistylis, DC. — Hairy Sweet Cicely. — June.
Mountain side. (Holmes' chserophyllum Claytoni).

Aralia racemosa, L. — Spikenard. — North end of mountain.
July. (Holmes).

Aralia nudicaulis, L. — Wild Sarsaparilla. — June. Moun-
tain sides and elsewhere. (Holmes).

Aralia quinquefolia, Decaisne. — Ginseng. — Hochelaga
woods. May. (Holmes' panax quinquefolia).

220 Canadian Record of Science.

Aratia trifolia, Decaisne. — Dwarf Ginseng. — Hochelaga
woods and elsewhere. (Holmes).

Cornus Canadensis. L. — Bunchberry. — Papineau woods.
. I une. (Holmes).

Cornus circinnata, L'Her. — Round-leaved Dogwood. —
Outremont road. June. (Holmes).

Cornus stolonifera, Michx. — Redosier Dogwood. — July.
Common. (Holmes' C. alba).

/.'/in>ra Bor^alis, Gronov. — Twin-flower. — Hochelaga
woods and Cote Michel. July. (Holmes).

Lonicera parvijfora, Lam. — Small Honeysuckle. — June.
Mountain. (Holmes).

Lonicera ciliata, Muhl. — Fly Honeysuckle. — North end of
mountain. M&y. (Holmes' Xylosteon ciliatum).

Lonicera oblongifolia, Muhl. — Swamp Fly-Honeysuckle. —
Buchanan's woods, St. Michel. August. (Holmes).

Diervilla trifida, Moench. — Bush Honeysuckle. — July.
Mountain. (Holmes).

Sambucus Canadensis, L.— Common Elder. — Mountain
sides and elsewhere. June. (Holmes).

Sambucus racemosa, L. — Bed berried. Elder. — May. Moun-
tain sides and elsewhere. (Holmes' S. Pubescens).

Viburnum opulus, L. — Cranberry Tree. — June. Back
River road. (Holmes' V. Oxycoccus).

Viburnum Lent ago, L. — Sheepberry. — Cote St Paul. June.
(Holmes).

Viburnum acerifolium, L. — Maple-leaved Arrowwood.

June. Monte* between St. Michel and Back Biver.
(Holmes).

Lappa officinalis, AH., var. Major, Gray. — Burdock. — June.
Everywhere. (Holmes' arctium lappa).

Cimum lanceolatum, Scop. — Common Thistle. — August.
Every where.

Cirsium discolor, Spreng. — Tall Thistle. — August. St.
Michel. (Holmes' Cuicus altissimus).

The Flora of Montreal Island. 221

(Jirsium muticum, Michx. — Swamp Thistle. — August. St.
Michel. (Holmes' cnicus muticus).

Cirsium arvense, Scop. — Canada Thistle. — August. Every-
where. (Holmes' cnicus horridulus).

Xanthium strumarium, L., var. Echinatum, Gray. — Com-
mon Cocklebur. August. Common. (Holmes).

Ambrosia artemisice folia, L. — Hogweed. — August. Every-
where. (Holmes).

Ambrosia trifida, L. — Great Ragweed. — August. Common.
(Holmes).

Tanacetum vulgar e) L — Common Tansy. — August. Road-
side in many places.

Artemisia vulgaris, L. — Common Mug wort. — August.
Everywhere. (Holmes).

Gnaphalium decurrens, Ives. — Everlasting. — August. Com-
mon.

Gnaphalium poly cephalum, Michx. — Common Evei lasting.
— August. Common.

Gnaphalium uliginosum, L. — Low Cudweed. — August.
Common. (Holmes).

Antennaria plant aginifolia, Hook. — Plantain-leaved Ever-
lasting.— May. Everywhere. (Holmes' Gnaphalium plan-
taginifolium.

Eupatorium purpureum, L. — Joe Pye Weed. — August.
Mountain Park, Cote St. Paul. (Holmes' E. verticillatum).

Eupatorium perfoliatum, L. — Boneset. — August. Moun-
tain Park, Cote St. Antoine. (Holmes).

Eupatorium ageratoides, L. — White Snakeroot. — August.
Mountain Park, Cote St. Michel. (Holmes).

Senecio vulgaris, L. — Common Groundsel. — On all streets.
July. (Holmes).

Senecio aureus, L. — Golden Ragwort. — August. St. Michel.

Solidago sqaarrosa, Muhl.— Golden Rod. —East slope of
Mountain. August.

Solidago bicolor, L., var., Goncolor. — Golden Rod. — Moun-
tain base. August. (Holmes).

222 Canadian Record of Science.

Solidago latifolia, L. — Golden Eod. — Mountain base.
August. (Holmes).

Solidago Oa'sia, L., var. axillaris, G-ray. — Golden Eod. —
Mountain base. August. (Holmes' S. livida).

Solidago Canadensis, L. — Golden Eod. —August. Com-
mon. (Holmes).

Solidago lanceolata, L. — Golden Eod. — August. Mountain
base. (Holmes).

Aster macrophyllus, L. — Star wort. — Mountain sides.
August. (Holmes).

Aster azureus, Lindl. — Aster. — Cote St. Paul. August.

Aster cordifolius, L. — Aster. — August. Everywhere.

(Holmes).

Aster sagittifolius, Willd. — Aster. — September. Very
common. (Holmes).

Aster keuis, L. — Aster. — August. Mountain.

Aster puniceus, L. — Aster. — August. Cote St. Paul.
(Holmes).

Aster multiflorus, Ait. — Aster. — August. Cote St. Paul.

Aster tenuifolius, L. — Aster. — August. Mountain base.

Aster acuminatus, Michx. — Starwort. — Park woods.
August.

Erigeron Canadense, L. — Horseweed. — August. Papineau
Eoad. (Holmes).

Erigeron bellidifolium, Muhl. — Eobin's plantain. — July.
Mountain.

Erigeron Philadelphicum, L. — Common Fleabane. — June.
South Mountain foot. (Holmes' E. purpureum).

Erigeron, strigosum, Muhl. — Daisy Fleabane. — June.
Pointe-aux-Trembles. (Holmes).

Erigeron annuum. — Larger Daisy Fleabane. — Cote des
Neiges. August. (Holmes' E. heterophylium).

Leucanthemum vulgare, Lam. — Oxeye Daisy. — June.
Everywhere. (Holmes' chrysanthemum).

The Flora of Montreal Island. 223

Anthemis cotula, DC. — Mayweed. — May. Everywhere.
(Holmes).

Rudbechia hirta, L. — Coneflowar. — Petite Cote. July.

Helianthus divaricatus, L. — Wild Sunflower. — August.
Cemeteries and Park.

Helianthus tuberosus, L. — Jerusalem Artichoke. —August.
Prince Arthur street.

Bidens frondosa, L. — Common Beggar Ticks. — July.
Fletcher's Field. (Holme's B. pilosa).

Bidens Connata, Mubl. — Swamp Beggar Ticks. — August.
Cote St. Paul. (Holmes).

Bidens cernua, L. — Smaller Bur-marigold. — August. Long
Pointe. (Holmes).

Achillea millefolium, L. — Milfoil. — June. Everywhere.
(Holmes).

Cichorium Intybus, L. — Cichory. — July. Everywhere.
(Holmes).

Hieracium Canadensis, Michx. — Canada Hawkweed. —
August. Cemeteries. (Holmes' H. kalmii).

Hieracium scabrum, Michx. — Eough Hawkweed. — August.
Papineau Road and elsewhere. (Holmes' H. Marianum).

Nabalus albus, Hock. — White Lettuce. — August. Com-
mon. (Holmes' prenanthes alba).

Nabalus altissimus, Hook. — Tall White Lettuce. — August.
North end of mountain. (Holmes' prenanthes cordata).

Nabalus racemosus, Hook. — Rattlesnake Root. — August.
Mountain Park and Cote St. Paul. Common. (Holmes'
Prenanthes racemosa).

Taraxacum dens-leonis, Desf. — Common Dandelion. — May.
Everywhere. (Holmes' leontodon taraxacum).

Lactuca Canadensis, L. — Wild Lettuce. — North end of
mountain. August. (Holmes' lactuca elongata).

Lactuca integrifolia, L. — Wild Lettuce. — August. Ceme-
tery swamp. (Holmes' L. elongata).

Mulgedium leucophaium, DC. — False or Blue Lettuce. —

"224 Canadian Record of Science.

North end of mountain. August. (Holmes' sonchus
leucophseus).

Sonchus oleraceus. L. — Common Sow-thistle. — July. Com-
mon. (Holmes).

S nchus Ast>cr, Yill. — Spring-leaved Sonchus. August.
Fletcher's Field and Park.

Sonchus ar7'ensis} L. — Field Sow-thistle. — Cote St. Antoine
and St. Michel. August. (Holmes).

Tragopon pratensis, L. — Yellow Goat's Beard. — July.
Longue Pointe.

Lobelia cardinalis, L. — Cardinal Flower. — August. St.
Michel. (Holmes).

Lobelia inflata, L. — Indian Tobacco. — August. Plateau,
north end of mountain. Common. (Holmes).

Campanula Americana, L. — Tall Bell-flower. — Petite Cote
and elsewhere on roadsides. August.

Vaccinium corymbosum, L. — Swamp Blueberry. — Hoche-
laga banks. June. (Holmes).

Pyrola rotund* folia, L. — Wintergreen. — Mountain. July.
(Holmes.)

Pyrola elliptica, Nutt. — Shinleaf. — Hochelaga woods.
July. (Holmes).

Pyrola secunda, var. pumila, L. — Wintergreen. — Hoche-
laga woods. July. (Holmes).

Chimaphila umbellata, Nutt. — Prince's Pine. — August.
Mountain, west side near Cemetery and Buchanan's woods,
St. Michel, among pines. (Holmes' pyrola umbellata).

Plantago major, L. — Common Plantain. — August. Com-
mon. (Holmes).

Plantago lanceolata, L. — Kib-grass.— August. Common.

Trientalis Americana, Pursh. — Star-flower. — June. Hoche-
laga woods. (Holmes).

Ltysimachia Thyrsi flora, L. — Tufted Loosestrife. — June.
Hack River. (Holmes' L. capitata).

Lysimachia stricta, Ait. — Loosestrife. — June. Cote St.
Paul. (Holmes' L. racemosa).

TJie Flora of Montreal Island. 225

Lysimachla longifolia, Watt. — Loosestrife. — August. St.
Michel.

Verbascum thapsus,Jj. — Common Mullein. — July. Com-
mon. (Holmes).

Veronica anagallis, L. —Water Speedwell. — Lachine.
July. (Holmes).

Veronica scutellata, L. — Marsh Speedwell. — August. St.
Michel. (Holmes).

Veronica peregrina, L. — Neckweed. — May. Common.
(Holmes).

Veronica serpyllifolia, L. — Thyme-leaved Speedwell. — May.
Hochelaga banks. (Holmes, at Berthier).

Lin i ria vulgaris, Mill. — Toad Flax. — July. Common on
streets.

Scrophularia nodosa, L. — Figwort. — June. Common.
(Holmes' S. Marilandica).

Chelone glabra, L. — Turtle Head. — August. St. Michel
and between cemeteries.

Mimulus ringens, L. — Monkey Flower. — Hochelaga.
July. (Holmes).

Gerardia tenuifolia, Vahl. — Slender Gerardia. — September.
Savanne. St. Michel.

Pedicularis Canadensis, L. — Wood Be tony. — May.
Mountain base. (Holmes).

Verbena hastata, L. — Blue Vervain. — Hochelaga banks.
June. (Holmes).

Verbena urticifolia, L. — Nettleleaved Vervain. — North
base of mountain. August. (Holmes).

Phryma leptostachya, L. — Lopseed. — Savanne. St. Michel
and mountain. August. (Holmes).

Teucrium Ganadense, L. — American Germander. — August.
St. Michel. (Holmes, at Boucherville).

Mentha viridis, L. — Spearmint. — Petite Cote. August.
(Holmes' M. tenuis).

Mentha piperita, L. — Peppermint. — Point St. Charles.
August.

226 Canadian Record of Science.

Mentha Canadensis, L. — Wild Mint. — August. Common.
(Holmes' M. borealis).

Lycopus Virginicus, L. — Bugle-weed. — Hochelaga woods.
August. (Holmes).

Lycopus Europivus, L., var. Sinuatus, Gray. — Water
Ilorehound. — August. Common. (Holmes).

Nepeta cataria, L. — Catnip. — July. Common. (Holmes).

Nepeta glechoma, Benth. — Ground Ivy. — Fletcher's Field
and elsewhere, near houses.

Lophanthus nepetoides, Benth. — Giant Hyssop. — August.
Mountain, near Cote des Neiges toll bar. (Holmes'
Hyssop us pctoides).

Brunella vulgaris, L. — Common Heal-All. — July. Every-
where. (Holmes' prunella vulgaris).

Scutellaria galericulata, L. — Skullcap. — St. Michel.
August. (Holmes).

Scutellaria lateriflora, L. — Mad-dog Skullcap. — August.

St. Michel. (Holmes).

Galcopsis tetrahit, L. — Common Hemp-nettle. — August,
Common. (Holmes).

Stachys palustris, L., var. Asp era, Gray. — Hedge-nettle.—
Fletcher's Field. (Holmes, at Boucherville Island).

Leonurus cardiaca, L. — Common Motherwort. — August.
Papineau common and elsewhere. (Holmes).

Lycopsis arvensis, L. — Bugloss. — June. Common.
(Holmes).

Symphytum officinale, L. — Common Comfrey. — East side
of mountain, near Cote des Neiges Road. June.

Echinospernum lappula, L. Lehm. — Stickseed. — June.
Common. (Holmes' Myosotis Lappula).

Cynoglossum officinale, L. — Common Hound's Tongue. —
June. Common. (Holmes).

Lithospermum hirtum, Lehm. — Hairy Puccoon. — May.
Common.

Lithospermum officinale, L. — Common Gromwell. — May.
Common. (Holmes).

The Flora of Montreal Island. 22*7

Myosotis palustris, Withering, var. laxa, Gray. — Forget-
me-not. — Pointe-aux-Trembles. June.

Myosotis arvensis, Hoffra. — Field Myosotis. — Cemetery
Swamp. August.

Hydrophyllum Virginicum, L. — Waterleaf. — June. Base of
mountain and elsewhere. (Holmes).

Calystegia sepium, R. Br. — Hedge Bindweed. — St. Michel
Eoad. August. (Holmes' convolvulus sepium).

Calystegia spithamcea, Pursh. — Bracted Bindweed. — Back
River. June. (Holmes' convolvolus stans, at Three
Rivers.)

Convolvulus arvensis, L. — Bindweed. — July. Fletcher's
Field.

Hyoscyamus niger, L. — Black Henbane. — St. Famille
street, Fletcher's Field and elsewhere. (Holmes).

Datura stramonium, L. — Common Thorn Apple. — St.
Lawrence suburbs. August. (Holmes).

Gentiana Andrewsii, Griseb. — Closed Gentian. — St. Michel.
August.

Apocynum androsmmifolium, L. — Dogbane. — June. Moun-
tain. (Holmes).

Asclepias Cornuti, Decaisne. — Common Milkweed. — July.
Common. (Holmes' A. Syriaca).

Fraxinus Americana, L. — White Ash. — Between Petite
Cote and St. Michel, along fence. June. (Holmes' F.
Epiptera).

Fraxinus pubescens, Lam. — Red Ash. — Same locality.
June.

Fraxinus sambucifolia, Lam. — Black Ash. — St. Michel
woods. June. (Holmes).

Chenopodium album, L. — Lamb's Quarters. — July. Every-
where. (Holmes).

Chenopodium murale, L. — Pigweed. — August. Upper St.
Urbain street.

Chenopodium hybridum, L. — Maple-leaved Goosefoot. —
West side of mountain. August. (Holmes).

'22S Canadian Record of Science.

BHtttm capitatum, L. — Strawberry Blite. — Fletcher's
Field. August. (Holmes).

Atriplex patula, L. — Orache. — July. Everywhere on
streets. (Holmes).

Amarantus retroflexus, L. — Pigweed. — August. Every-
where. (Holmes).

Polygonum aviculare, L. — Goose-grass. — August. Eveiy-
where. (Holmes)

Polygonum incarnatum, Ell. — Knotweed. — August. Cote
St. Paul.

Polygonum Pennsyloanicum, L — Knotweed. — August. St.
Urbain street. (Holmes).

Polygonum Persicaria, L. — Lady's Thumb. — July. Every-
where. (Holmes).

Polygonum amphibium, var. aquaticum, L. — Water Persi-
caria.— St. Michel. August. (Holmes).

Polygonum hydropiperoides, Michx. — Mild Water Pepper.
— August. Cote St. Paul. (Holmes).

Polygonum acre, H. B. K. — Water Smar tweed. — Petite
( ote. August.

Polygonum hydropiper, L. — Common Smartweed. — August.
Common.

Polygonum sagittatum, L, — Arrow-leaved Tear Thumb. —
Mountain. August. (Holmes).

Polygonum convolvulus, L. — Black Bindweed. — Grain
fields. August. (Holmes).

Polygonum dumetorum, L., var. Scandens, Gray. — Climbing
Palse Buckwheat. — Cote St. Paul. (Holmes' P. Scandens).

Rumex orbiculatus, Gray. — Great Water Dock. — St. Michel,
Savanne. August.

Rumex crispus, L. — Curled Dock. — July. Common.
(Holmes).

Rumex obfusifolius, L. — Bitter Dock. — Cote des Neiges.
August. (Holmes).

Rumex acetosella, L. — Sheep Sorrel. — May. Everywhere.
(Holmes).

The Flora of Montreal Island. 229

Fagopyrum esculentum, Moench. — Buckwheat. — Fletcher's
Field and elsewhere. August.

Dirca palustris, L. — Leather wood. — Petite Cote. April.
(Holmes).

Euphorbia hypericifolia, L. — Spurge. — August. Fletcher's
Feld and elsewhere.

Euphorbia humistrata, Engelm. — Spurge. — August.
Fletcher's Field.

Euphorbia obtusata, Pursh. — Spurge. — St. Lawrence
suburbs. August.

Euphorbia platyphylla, L. — Spurge. — St. Lawrence
suburbs. August.

Euphorbia Helioscopid, L. — Sunspurge. — July. Every-
where. (Holmes).

Euphorbia pepl us, L. — Spurge. — August. Fletcher's Field
and mountain base.

Euphorbia cyparissias, L. — St. Famille street and else-
where. July.

Acalypha Virginica, L. — Three Seeded Mercury. — St.
Famille street and elsewhere, very common. August.
(Holmes' A. Caroliniana).

Ulntus fulva, Michx. — Slippery Elm. — April. Common.
(Holmes).

Ulmus Americana, L. — White Elm. — April. Common.
(Holmes).

Ulmus racemosa, Thomas. — Corky White Elm. — May.
Along roadsides.

Urtica gracilis, Ait. — Nettle. — August. Along fences.
(Holmes' U. procera).

Laportea Canadensis, G-andichaud. — Wood Nettle. —
August. Back River. (Holmes' Urtica divaricata).

Cannabis sativa, L. — Hemp. — July. Common. Along
roadsides. (Holmes).

Juglans cinerea, L. — Butternut. — Mountain sides and
Petite Cote. (Holmes).

230 Canadian Record of Science,

Carya amara, Nutt. — Swamp Hickory. — Petite Cote and
mountain. May. (Holmes).

Carya alba, Nutt. — Shcllbark Hickory. — West side of
mountain. May. (Holmes).

Quercus rubra, L. — Red Oak. — May. Mount Royal.
(Holmes).

Quercus macrocarpa, var Olivaformis. Gray. — Bur Oak. —
May. St. Laurent and elsewhere. (Holmes).

Fagus ferruginea, Ait. — American Beech. — May. West
side of Mount Royal. (Holmes^.

( 'orylus rostrata, Ait. — Beaked Hazel Nut. — June. Base
of mountain. (Holmes' 0. anellana).

Ostrya Virginica, Willd. — Iron Wood. — May. Mountain.
(Holmes).

Betula lent a y L. — Black Birch. — May. Hochelaga woods.

Betula papyracea, Ait. — Canoe Birch. — May. Mountain.

(Holmes).

Betula populifolia, Ait. — Cray Birch. — Petite Cote. May.
(Holmes).

Alnus incana, Wiild. — Speckled Alder. — April. Mountain
foot. Common. (Holmes' A. serrulata).

Alnus viridis, DC. — Green Alder. — Between mountains.
May. (Holmes' A. undulata).

Salix humilis, Marshall. — Prairie Willow. — Hochelaga
hank. May.

Salix discolor, Muhl. — Glaucous Willow. — North base of
mountain.

Salix pet iolar is, Smith. — Petoiled Willow. — Savanne, St.
Michel. August.

Salix livida, Wahl., var. occidentalis, Gray. — Livid Wil-
low.— All over the island. May.

Populus tremuloides, Michx. — American Aspen. — May.
All over the island. (Holmes).

Populus balsamifera, L. — Balsam Poplar. — May. Common.

The Flora of Montreal Island. 231

Populus monilifera, Ait. — Cottonwood. — Upper St. Famille
street. May. (Holmes' P. angulata).

Populus monilifera, Ait., var. Gandicans, Gray. — Balm of
Gilead. — May. St. Famille street.

Populus alba, L. — White Poplar. — Cote St. Antoine and
elsewhere. May.

Pinus strobus, L. — White Pine. — May. Savanne, St.
Michel. (Rolmes).

Pinus Banksiana, Lambert. — Scrub Pine.— Mountain.
May.

Abies balsamea, Miller. — Balsam Fir. — Hochelaga woods.
May. (Holmes' pinus balsamea).

Piceanigra, Link. — Black Spruce. — Petite Cote. May.

Piceaalba, Link. — White Spruce. — St. Michel. May.

Tsuja Canadensis, Carr — Hemlock. — Hochelaga woods.
May.

Larix Americana, Michx. — Tamarack. — Petite Cote
Swamp. May.

Thuja occidentalism L. — Cedar. — May. In all swamps on
island.

Juniperus communis, L. — Common Juniper. — Between
mountains. August.

Taxus Canadensis, L., var. Canadensis, Gray. — Ground
Hemlock. — Mountain. May. (Holmes).

Arisccma triphyUum,Ton\ — Indian Turnip.— .Juno. Moun-
tain swamp. (Holmes' Arum triphyllum).

Calla palustris, L. — Marsh Calla. — Petite Cote Swamp.
June.

Typha latifolia, L. — Common Cat Tail. — Pointe-aux-
Trembles and elsewhere. July. (Holmes).

Typha angustifolia, L. — Narrow-leaved Cat Tail. — Pointe-
aux-Trembles. June.

Sparganium simplex, Hudson, var. Angustifolium, Gray. —
Bur Eeed. — June. Back Eiver.

232 Canadian Record of Science.

Alisma plant ago, L.,var. Americanum, Gray. — Water Plan-
tain.— July. Goto St. Paul. (Holmes).

Sagittaria variabilis, Fngelm. — Arrowhead.— July. Com-
mon. (Holmes' 8 sagittifolia).

ffabenaria tridentata, Hook. — Rein Orchis. — Woods near
cemetery gate. June.

Habenaria orbiculata, Ton*. — Rein Orchis. — Between
cemeteries. July.

Spiranthes Romanzooiana, Chamisso. — Ladies' Tresses. —
Savanne, St. Michel. July.

Cypripediuni pubescent, Willd. — Large Yellow Lady's
Slipper. — West side of mountain. June. (Holmes).

Cypripediuni acaule, Ait. — Stemless Lady's Slipper. — June.
Hochelaga woods. (Holmes' C. arietinum).

Iris versicolor, Ij. — Larger Blue Flag. — June. Common.

Sisyrin-diium anceps, Cav. — Blue eyed Grass. — June. Com-
mon. (Holmes).

Sniilax herbacea, h.—Cavvion Flower. — St. Laurent. June.

Trillium (jrandifiorum, Salisb. — Large White Trillium. —
May. Very common. (Holmes).

Trillium erectum, L. — Purple Trillium. — Mountain, Hoche-
laga woods and elsewhere. (Holmes).

Trillium erythrocarpum, Michx. — Pointed Trillium. — May.
Hochelaga woods. (Holmes).

Medeola Virginica, L. — Indian Cucumber Root. — June.
Hochelaga woods. (Holmes).

Uvularia grandiflora, Smith. — Bellwort. — Papineau Road
and mountain. May. (Holmes).

Uvularia sessiUfolia, L. — Wood Daffodil. — May. North
end of mountain. (Holmes).

Clintonia borealin, Raf. — Clintonia. — June. Mountain
marsh and Hochelaga woods. (Holmes' convallaria
borealis).

Streptopus roseus, Michx. — Twisted Stalk — May. Moun-

The Flora of Montreal Island. 233

tain and Hochelaga woods. (Holmes' convallaria poly-
gonatum).

Smilacina racemosa, Desf. — False Spikenard. North end
of mountain. August. (Holmes' convallaria racemosa).

Smilacina stellata, Desf. — False Solomon's Seal. — Laehine
and elsewhere. (Holmes' convallaria stellata).

Smilacina bifolia, Ker., var. Canadensis, Gray. — False
Solomon's Seal. — June. Mountain and Hochelaga woods.
(Holmes' convallaria bifolia).

Polygonatum biflorum, Ell. — Smaller Solomon's Seal. —
May. West side of mountain. (Holmes' convallaria
angustifolia).

Erythronium Americanum, Smith. — Yellow Adder's
Tongue. — May. Mountain and elsewhere. (Holmes' E.
dens-canis).

Polypodium vulgare, L. — Polypody. — North end of moun-
tain. June. (Holmes).

Adiantum pedatum, L. — Maidenhair. — June. Mountain.
(Holmes).

Pteris aquilina, L. — Brake. — August. Common.
(Holmes).

Asplenium filix fcemina, Bernh. — Spleenwort. — Mountain
base. — June. (Holmes' A. angustifolium).

Aspidium thelypteris, Swartz. — Shield Fern. — Mountain
base. (Holmes' athyrium thelypteris).

Aspidium Noveboracense, Swartz. — Wood Fern. — Mountain
foot. June.

Aspidium marginale, Swartz. — Shield Fern. — Mountain
base. July. (Holmes).

Onoclea sensibilis, L. — Sensitive Fern. — August. Hoche-
laga woods. (Holmes).

Osmunda regalis, L. — Flowering Fern. — Hochelaga
woods. (Holmes).

Osmunda Claytoniana, L. — Osmunda. — August. — Hoche-
laga woods. (Holmes' 0. interrupta).

3

234 Canadian Record of Science.

Osmunda Cinnamomea, L. — Cinnamon Fern. — August.
Bochelaga woods. (Holmes).

Botrychium Virginicum, Swartz. — Moonwort. — July. North
end of mountain. (Holmes' B. Gracile).

Eqmsetum limosiun, L.— Horse Tail. — May. Hochelaga.
(Holmes).

Equisetum arvense, L. — Common Horse Tail. — May.
Everywhere. (Holmes).

Equisetum hyemale, L. — Scouring Kush. — June. North
base of mountain.

Equisetum variegatum, Schleicher. — Horse Tail. — June.
Cote St. Paul.

Equisetum scirpoides, Michx. — Horse Tail. — Mountain
base. «Iuly.

Lycopodium dendroideum, Michx. — Ground Pine. — August.
Hochelaga banks. (Holmes).

Lycopodium clavatum, L. — Club Moss. — August. Hoche-
laga woods. (Holmes).

Lycopodium lucidulum, Michx. — Club Moss. — Savanne, St.
Michel. August. (Holmes).