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Hiei Ls ite: ars srinnnenea st att aided ied paset a + este bP HE TA Et rt ta eas tid i Ae eae .+ 3 Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2008 with funding from Microsoft Corporation htto://www.archive.org/details/floraofnorthwest0Opipeuoft OTA. FLORA OF THE NORTHWEST COAST INCLUDING THE AREA WEST OF THE SUMMIT OF THE CASCADE MOUNTAINS FROM THE FORTY-NINTH PARALLEL SOUTH TO THE CALAPOOIA MOUNTAINS ON THE SOUTH BORDER OF LANE COUNTY, OREGON. BY CHARLES V- PIPER PROFESSOR OF BOTANY, THE STATE COLLEGE OF WASHINGTON, 1893-1903. 9 &> Wee a AND “2's Re KENT BEAMIIE PROFESSOR OF BOTANY, THE STATE COLLEGE OF WASHINGTON, I903-I9I2 PRESS OF THE NEW ERA PRINTING COMPANY LANCASTER, PA. I9I5 Copyright, 1915, by C. V. PIPER AND R. KENT BEATTIE Issued November 10, 1915 INTRODUCTION. The region covered by this flora is that lying between the summit of the Cascade Mountains and the Pacific Ocean from the 49th parallel of latitude across the southern portion of Vancouver Island, south to the headwaters of the Willamette River or, more specifically, to the southern boundary of Lane County, Oregon, marked in part by the Calapooia Mountains. In the Umpqua Valley just south of these mountains, many California plants reach their northern limits; while in the Rogue River Valley, the next southward, the flora is predominantly Californian. The northern boundary chosen is, from a botanical standpoint, purely artificial. Naturally, as marked by the northern limit of the characteristic lowland trees, it would extend to about latitude 54°, that is, nearly to the southernmost extremity of Alaska. In general the flora below 5,000 feet altitude is characterized by dense coniferous forests, the commonest tree being the Douglas spruce. Along the narrow river valleys, however, the tree flora is in large part made up of de- ciduous trees, such as alder, cottonwood, and maple. The only break in this continuous forest cover consisted originally of a series of prairies extending from the upper Willamette Valley northward to Vancouver Island. North of the head of Puget Sound, however, these prairies are small and are limited in the main to the extremities of points and to a portion of the islands in the Sound. In Washington these prairies are all gravelly and are mainly the deposit of glacial streams. In the Willamette Valley they appear at least in part to have been due to the periodic burning of the dry grass by the Indians. The flora of the region may be classified into four life zones: The Humid Transition zone includes the great forests of Douglas spruce, as well as the included prairie regions. Other characteristic trees are giant cedar, red alder, broadleaf maple and Scouler willow. Along the seacoast the Sitka spruce is abundant, accompanied by other northern plants. This coastal strip may be looked upon as a southward extension of the Canadian zone rather than as typical Humid Transition. The Canadian zone is not sharply limited. Such trees as western white pine, amabilis fir, and Engelmann spruce mark it best. Western hemlock is particularly abundant in this zone but also descends to sea level. The Hudsonian zone is indicated by subalpine fir, Alaska cedar, black hemlock, and white-bark pine. At their extreme altitudinal limits all of these become prostrate mats of branches. The Arctic zone consists of the alpine flora above the limits of trees. From a botanical standpoint the region is of unusual interest on account of its magnificent coniferous forests, its wonderful mountain meadows, and the large percentage of species that are peculiar to its flora. The extensive iv INTRODUCTION. systems of high mountains within its limits contain a very varied flora and provide a wide field for further botanical explorations. Without doubt these mountains contain many species of plants new to botanists, while many others as yet are known from but single collections. The lack of a suitable handbook has doubtless deterred many from studying the plants of the region. If this book shall stimulate greater activity and interest in its flora, the authors will feel amply repaid for their labors. The material upon which this flora is based is mainly that contained in the herbarium of the State College of Washington. Thanks are due to the officials of that institution for encouragement and support in the preparation of this volume. ANALY TICAE KEYS’ TO THE -FAMILIES, Plants with woody bundles, reproducing by spores. Phylum PTERIDOPHYTA, v. Plants with woody bundles, reproducing by seeds. Phylum SPERMATOPHYTA, v. Phylum PTERIDOPHYTA. Leaves few, large; stems mostly underground. Leaves 4-foliolate, clover-like; spore cases in closed pod-like sporocarps. MARSILEACEAE, 10. Leaves not 4-foliolate; spore cases not in sporo- carps. Spore cases in the tissue of a prominent and distinct fertile lobe of the leaf. OPHIOGLOSSACEAE, 8. Spore cases formed of outgrowths from the surface of the leaf. POLYPODIACEAE, 1. Leaves numerous, small; stems aerial and under- ground. Leaves whorled; stems jointed, hollow. EQUISETACEAE, 11. Leaves not whorled; stems not jointed, solid. Spore case in the enlarged base of the leaf; stems short, corm-like. ISOETACEAE, 15. Spore case in the axil of the leaf; stems elongated. Spores all alike. LYCOPODIACEAE, 13. Spores of two kinds, large and small. SELAGINELLACEAE, 14. Phylum SPERMATOPHYTA. Ovules and seeds not in a closed cavity, usually on the face of an open scale- leaf; stigmas none. Class GYMNOSPERMAE, v. ~ Ovules and seeds contained in a closed cavity surrounded by one or more closed and modified leaves forming an ovary; stigmas present. Cotyledon one; stem with no distinction into bark, wood and pith (endog- enous); leaves usually parallel-veined; parts of the flowers nearly always in threes. Sub-class MONOCOTYLEDONES, v. Cotyledons two; stem (with rare exceptions) of bark, wood and pith (exogenous); leaves usually net-veined; parts of the flower in fours, fives or sixes, never in threes. Sub-class DICOTYLEDONES, Vi. CLass GYMNOSPERMAE. Fruit a cone. PINACEAE, 17. Fruit drupe-like. ‘ TAXACEAE, 16. CLiass ANGIOSPERMAE. Sub-class MONOCOTYLEDONES. Plants small, floating, with no distinction of stem and leaves. LEMNACEAE, 86. Plants with normal foliage. Inflorescence a fleshy spadix. Inflorescence not a fleshy spadix. Perianth none, or of bristles, chaffy scales or a hyaline envelope. Flowers in the axils of chaffy bracts. Stems mostly hollow, jointed; leaves 2-ranked. Stems solid; leaves 3-ranked. Flowers not in the axils of chaffy bracts. Perianth herbaceous or none. Carpels 1-5, separate. Carpels 3 or 6, united into a com- pound ovary. Perianth of bristles or chaffy scales. Flowers in terminal cylindrical spikes. Flowers in axillary globular heads. Perianth present, the parts glume- or petal- like. Perianth of glume-like segments. Perianth at least in part petal-like. Carpels distinct. Carpels united. Ovary superior. Flowers more or less irregular, surrounded by a spathe. Flowers regular, without a spathe. Ovary inferior. Aquatic plants; flowers dioe- cious or polygamous. Terrestrial plants; perfect. Flowers regular. Flowers irregular. flowers KEY TO THE FAMILIES. ARACEAE, 85. POACEAE, 31. CYPERACEAE, 65. NAJADACEAE, 25, SCHEUCHZERIACEAE, 29. TYPHACEAE, 23. SPARGANIACEAE, 24. JUNCACEAE, 87. ALISMACEAE, 30. PONTEDERIACEAE, 86. LILIACEAE, 92. HyYDROCHARITACEAE, 30. IRIDACEAE, 104. ORCHIDACEAE, 106. Sub-class DICOTYLEDONES. I. PETALS DISTINCT TO THE BASE OR WANTING. A. Petals None. Plants parasitic or saprophytic and usually with- out chlorophyll. Flowers dioecious; stamens 2-6. Flowers perfect; stamens 10. Plants neither parasitic nor saprophytic but hav- ing chlorophyll. Trees or shrubs. Leaves small, linear or scale-like; plants heath-like. Leaves large; plants not heath-like. Leaves opposite. Leaves silvery-scurfy. Leaves not silvery-scurfy. Fruit a drupe. Fruit a samara. LORANTHACEAE, 122. Allotropa, 271. EMPETRACEAE, 232. ELAEAGNACEAE, 244. Garrya, 269. KEY TO THE FAMILIES. Fruit 2-celled, a double sa- mara. Fruit 1-celled, a single samara. Leaves alternate. Flowers not in aments. Flowers or some of them in aments. Staminate flowers in aments; pistillate flowers 1-3 in a cluster. Staminate and pistillate flowers both in aments. Ovary 1-celled, many-ovuled; calyx not present. Ovary 1-—2-celled, each cell 1-ovuled. Pistillate flowers 2-3 un- der each scale of the ament; fruit not waxy; calyx present. Pistillate flowers 1 under each scale of the ament; fruit waxy; calyx not present. Herbs (sometimes woody at base). Leaves opposite. Flowers monoecious. Ovary 1-celled; stamens 2-5. Ovary more than 1-celled; stamen 1. Ovary 4-celled. Ovary 3-celled. Flowers perfect. Leaves fleshy. Leaves not fleshy. Style 1. Calyx petal-like. Calyx not petal-like. Styles 2-5. Disk conspicuous; ovules on 2 parietal placentae. Disk not conspicuous, if present; ovules on a basal or central placenta. Leaves not opposite. Leaves whorled. Calyx present, closely investing the ovary. Calyx none. Leaves not whorled. Flowers monoecious. Ovary 3-celled, 3-ovuled. Ovary 1-celled, 1-ovuled. Flowers with scarious bracts. Flowers. bractless, or, if bracted, the bracts not scarious. Flowers perfect or dioecious. Pistils more than one. vil ACERACEAE, 235, OLEACEAE, 287. Rhamnus, 236. FAGACEAE, 121. SALICACEAE, 112. BETULACEAE, 119. MyRIcAcEAgE, 118. URTICACEAE, 122. CALLITRICHACEAE, 231. EUPHORBIACEAE, 230. Glaux, 285. NYCTAGINACEAE, 135. Isnardia, 247. Chrysosplenium, 193. CARYOPHYLLACEAE, 141. HALORAGIDACEAE, 253. CERATOPHYLLACEAE, 151. EUPHORBIACEAE, 230. AMARANTHACEAE, 134. CHENOPODIACEAE, 132. Viil Stamens perigynous. Stamens hypogynous. Pistil one. Anthers opening by uplifted valves. Anthers not opening by up- lifted valves. Ovary more than 1-celled. Ovary 2-celled. Ovary more than 2- celled. Ovary 6-celled. Ovary 3-5-celled. Ovary 1-celled. Ovary partly inferior. Flowers on a scape. Flowers on a leafy stem. Ovary superior. Fruit an akene. Akene enclosed in the re- ceptacle. Akene not en- closed in the receptacle. Fruit not an akene. Fruit a utricle. Fruit a capsule. Stamens 8. Stamens 5. B. Petals Present. 1. Stamens numerous, at least more than ten sepals or calyx-lobes. Calyx free and separate from the ovary. Pistils more than one. Ovaries cohering in a ring around a central axis. Ovaries separate, or, if united, not cohering in a ring around a central axis. Stamens perigynous. Stamens hypogynous. Aquatic plants; leaves not dissected. Terrestrial plants, or, if aquatic, the submersed leaves dissected. Pistil one, with one to several styles and stig- mas. Leaves minutely punctate with pellucid dots. Leaves not punctate with pellucid dots. Ovary simple. Stamens hypogynous. Stamens perigynous. Ovary compound. EY TO THE FAMILIES. ROSACEAE, 197. RANUNCULACEAE, 151. Achlys, 164. CRUCIFERAE, 166. ARISTOLOCHIACEAE, 124. AIZOACEAE, -136. Heuchera, 196. SANTALACEAE, 124. ROSACEAE, 197. POLYGONACEAE, 125. CHENOPODIACEAE, 132. Chrysosplenium, 193. Claytonia, 139. and more than twice the MALVACEAE, 238. RosackEAk, 197. NYMPHAEACEAE, 150. RANUNCULACEAE, 151. HYPERICACEAE, 239. RANUNCULACEAE, 151. ROSACEAE, 197. KEY TO THE FAMILIES. Ovary 1-celled with a central pla- centa. Ovary several-celled. Ovary 5-celled. Ovary 10-20-celled. Calyx more or less coherent with the surface of the compound ovary. Ovary more than 1-celled. Leaves alternate, with stipules. Leaves opposite, without stipules. Ovary 1-celled. Placenta basal; plants leafy. Placenta parietal; plants leafless or with minute leaves. PORTULACACEAE, 136. OXALIDACEAR, 229, NYMPHAEACEAE, 150. ROSACEAE, 197. Philadelphus, 188. PORTULACACEAE, 136. CACTACEAE, 244. 2. Stamens not more than twice as many as the petals. Stamens opposite the petals. Ovary 2—4-celled. Ovary 1-celled. Anthers opening by uplifted valves. Anthers not opening by uplifted valves. Stamens not opposite the petals. Ovary at least half inferior. Ovules and seeds more than one in each cell of the ovary. Ovules and seeds but one in each cell of the ovary. Petals 5. Trees or shrubs; flowers in corymbs. Herbs; flowers in umbels or heads, Petals 2 or 4. Stamens 4; fruit a drupe. Stamens 2 or 8; fruit indehiscent and nut- or bur-like. Style 1; stigma 2—4-lobed. Styles or sessile stigmas 4. Ovary wholly superior. Ovaries two or more. Ovaries somewhat united at the base, separate above. Trees. Herbs. Ovaries entirely separate. Stamens hypogynous. Carpels numerous. Carpels 4 or 5. Stamens perigynous or epipetalous. Stamens just twice as many as the pistils. Stamens not just twice as many as the pistils. Leaves without stipules. Leaves with stipules. Ovary only one. Ovary 3-5-lobed and beaked with a united style. RHAMNACEAR, 236. BERBERIDACEAE, 163. PORTULACACEAE, 136. ONAGRACEAE, 246. Crataegus, 200. UMBELLIFERAE, 255. CORNACEAE, 268. ONAGRACEAE, 246. HALORAGIDACEAE, 253. ACERACEAE, 235. SAXIFRAGACEAE, 184. RANUNCULACEAE, 151. CRASSULACEAE, 182. CRASSULACEAE, 182. SAXIFRAGACEAE, 184. ROSACEAE, 197. ix KEY TO THE FAMILIES. Carpels 5; stipules present. Carpels 2-4; stipules none. Ovary neither lobed nor beaked. Ovary simple with 1 parietal placenta. Ovary compound, as shown by the number of cells, placentae, styles or stigmas. Ovary 1-celled. Corolla irregular. Stamens 6; petals 4. Stamens and petals 5. Corolla regular or nearly so. Ovule 1. Shrubs or trees. Herbs. Ovules more than 1. Placenta central basal. Placentae parietal. Leaves punctate with pellucid dots. Leaves not punc- tate. Plants not green, parasitic or saprophytic. Plants green, neither parasitic nor sapro- phytic. Leaves with bristly glandular hairs, forming in- sect traps. Leaves with- out bristly glandular hairs. Ovary 2-several-celled. Stamens neither just as many nor twice as many as the petals. Trees or shrubs. Stamens 2. Stamens more than 2. Herbs. Stamens 6, tetradyna- mous. Stamens 5, regular. Stamens either just as many or twice as many as the petals. Ovules 1 or 2 in each cell of the ovary. or GERANIACEAE, 228. LIMNANTHACEAE, 232. LEGUMINOSAE, 212. PAPAVERACEAE, 164. VIOLACEAE, 241. ANACARDIACEAE, 233. CRUCIFERAE, 166. CARYOPHYLLACEAE, 141. HYPERICACEAE, 239. PYROLACEAE, 270. DROSERACEAE, 182. SAXIFRAGACEAE, 184. OLEACEAE, 287. ACERACEAE, 235. CRUCIFERAE, 166. BALSAMINACEAE, 236. KEY TO THE FAMILIES. x1 Herbs. Shrubs or trees. Leaves pinnately- veined; shrubs. Leaves palmately- veined; trees. Ovules several-many in each cell of the ovary. Leaves opposite, with stipules. Leaves, when opposite, without stipules. Stamensonthecalyx. Style 1. Styles 2 or 3. Stamens free from the calyx. Style 1. Herbs. Shrubs. Styles 2-5. Stamens and calyx uni- ted to the ovary. Stamens and calyx free from the ovary. Leaves trifolio- late. Leaves simple. GERANIACEAE, 228. CELASTRACEAE, 234. ACERACEAE, 235. ELATINACEAE, 241. LYTHRACEAE, 245. SAXIFRAGACEAE, 184. PYROLACEAE, 270. ERICACEAE, 275. ARALIACEAE, 254. OXALIDACEAE, 229. CARYOPHYLLACEAE, 141. II. Perats More or Less UNITED INTO ONE PIECE. Stamens more numerous than the corolla-lobes. Ovary 1-celled. White or reddish chlorophyll-less parasitic or saprophytic herbs. Green chlorophyll-bearing herbs, not para- sitic nor saprophytic. Ovary with 1 parietal placenta. Ovary with 2 parietal placentae. Ovary 3—many-celled. Stamens united with the base of the corolla. Stamens free from the corolla. Chlorophyll-less parasitic or saprophytic herbs. Chlorophyll-bearing herbs, not parasitic nor saprophytic. Stamens as many as the corolla-lobes or fewer. Stamens opposite the corolla-lobes. Style 1; fruit a several to many-seeded capsule. Styles 5; fruit a 1-seeded utricle. PYROLACEAE, 270. LEGUMINOSAE, 212. PAPAVERACEAE, 1064. MALVACEAE, 238. PYROLACEAE, 270. ERICACEAE, 275. PRIMULACEAE, 283. PLUMBAGINACEAE, 286. Xli KEY TO THE FAMILIES. Stamens alternate with the corolla-lobes or fewer. Ovary inferior. Tendril-bearing herbs. Tendrils none. Flowers in an involucrate head on a common receptacle. Anthers united into a ring or tube (syngenesious). Anthers not united. Flowers not in an involucrate head nor on a common receptacle. Stamens on the ovary. Stamens on the corolla. Stamens 1-3. Stamens 4 or 5. Leaves opposite or whorled, when opposite with stip- ules. Leaves opposite, without stipules. Ovary superior. Corolla more or less irregular. Ovules solitary in the cells of the ovary. Ovary 4-lobed, the style rising from between the lobes. Ovary not lobed, the style rising from its apex. Ovules 2 or more, usually numerous, in each cell. Ovary and pod 2-celled. Ovary and pod 1-celled. Chlorophyll-less terrestrial herbs. Chlorophyll-bearing aquatic herbs. Corolla regular. Stamens fewer than the corolla-lobes. Trees or shrubs. Herbs. Corolla scarious. Corolla not scarious. Style 2-lobed. Style simple. Stamens as many as the corolla-lobes. Ovaries 2, separate. Ovary 1. Ovary deeply 4-lobed around the style. Leaves alternate. Leaves opposite. Ovary not deeply lobed. Ovary 1-celled. Leaves entire, opposite. Leaves alternate or basal, rarely en- tire. CUCURBITACEAE, 341. Compositak, 345. DIPSACACEAE, 341. CAMPANULACEAE, 342. VALERIANACEAE, 339, RUBIACEAE, 334. CAPRIFOLIACEAE, 336. LABIATAE, 306. VERBENACEAE, 305. SCROPHULARIACEAE, 315. OROBANCHACEAE, 330. LENTIBULARIACEAE, 332. OLEACEAE, 287. PLANTAGINACEAE, 333. Lycopus, 307. Veronica, 322. APOCYNACEAE, 290. BORAGINACEAE, 299. Mentha, 308. GENTIANACEAE, 287. KEY TO THE FAMILIES. Corolla conspicu- ously bearded on the upper sur- face. Corolla not conspic- uously bearded. Ovary 2 or more celled. Stamens free from the corolla. Stamens on the corolla- tube. Stamens 4. Stamens 5. Fruit a many- seeded pod or berry. Fruit a _ few- seeded pod. Style 3-lobed. undi- vided or 2- cleft. Whitish or yel- low chloro- phyll- less plants. Green plants. Style Xiil MENYANTHACEAE, 289, HYDROPHYLLACEAE, 297. ERICACEAE, 275. PLANTAGINACEAE, 333. SOLANACEAE, 314. POLEMONIACESE, 292. CUSCUTACEAE, 291. CONVOLVULACEAE, 290. FLORA OF THE NORTHWEST COAST PHYLUM I. PTERIDOPHYTA. FERN PLANTs. Plant containing woody tissue and vessels in the stem and producing spores asexually which, on germination, develop very small structures called prothallia, on which are borne the sexual reproductive organs from which the asexual plant is developed. The sexual plant is rarely collected, and the classification is based mainly on the characters of the asexual plant. Class I. FILICINEAE. Plant highly organized, vascular, with green usually large leaves; spores borne within the tissue of, or in modi- fied hairs on, modified or unmodified foliage leaves; stem solid, underground (in ours). Family 1. POLYPODIACEAE. FERN Famity. Sporangia stalked, surrounded by a more or less complete vertical annulus and bursting transversely; fruit dots on the backs or the margins of the leaves, with or without indusia. Indusium none. Fruit dots usually linear, obscured by a powder on the under surface of the leaf. Fruit dots roundish, not obscured by a powder. Leaves entire or simply pinnate. Leaves bipinnatifid or ternate. Indusium present. Fruit dots with marginal false indusia formed of the more or less altered edge of the leaf. Sporangia on a marginal vein which connects the ends of the lateral veins. 4. PTERIDIUM, 4. Sporangia at or near the ends of unconnected veins. False indusium continuous. 5. CRYPTOGRAMMA, 4. False indusium not continuous. Fruit dots large, on a reflexed portion of the margin of the leaf. 6. ADIANTUM, 4. Fruit dots minute, finally running together and covering the _leaf- I _ CEROPTERIS, 2. . POLYPODIUM, 2. . PHEGOPTERIS, 3. Who N iS) POLY PODIACEAE. segments which are small and bead- like (in ours). 7. CHEILANTHES, 5. Fruit dots on the lower surface or margin of the leaf, each with a special indusium. Fruit dots linear or oblong; indusium more than twice as long as broad. Fruit dots all parallel with the midribs. Veins free. 8. STRUTHIOPTERIS, 5. Veins forming a network. 9. WoopwarpDIiA, 5. Fruit dots all oblique to the midribs. Fruit dots straight, on the upper side of the veins. 10. ASPLENIUM, 6. Fruit dots curved, often crossing the vein. 11. ATHYRIUM, 6. Fruit dots roundish; indusium less than twice as long as broad. Indusium conspicuous, centrally attached. Indusium rotund and attached at its center. 12. POLYSTICHUM, 6. Indusium heart-shaped and attached at the middle of the sinus. 13. DRYOPTERIS, 7. Indusium inconspicuous, not attached at the center. Indusium hood-like or arched, attached by a broad base on the inner side partly under the fruit-dot, early withering. 14. FILrx, 8. Indusium rotund or star-shaped, at- tached under the fruit-dot. 15. Woopsta, 8. 1. CEROPTERIS. Fruit-dots oblong or linear, following the course of the vein- lets, and like them simple, forked, pinnate or variously anasto- mosing, obscured by a yellowish or white powder on the back of the leaf (in ours); indusia wanting. Ceropteris triangularis (Kaulf.) Underw. (Gymnogramme triangularis Kaulf.) Gold-back Fern. Stalks tufted, slender, dark brown, shiny, 15-30 cm. long; blades triangular or pentagonal, 5-12 cm. broad and long, pinnate; ,ower divisions largest, bipinnatifid, the others pinnately lobed; under surface of the leaf covered with a yellow powder. Crevices of rocks, mostly near the sea coast. Vancouver Island to Cali- fornia and Arizona. Nanaimo, Mount Finlayson, Victoria, San Juan Island, Port Angeles, Eatonville. More common on the Oregon coast. 2. POLYPODIUM. Fruit dots round, without indusia, on the back of the leaf, in one or more rows on each side of the midrib, or irregularly scattered; petioles jointed to the root-stock. Leaves leathery; veins more or less netted. P. scoulert. Leaves membranous; veins free. Leaflets attenuate, acute or acuminate. P. occidentale. Leaflets short, obtuse. P. hesperium. POLY PODIACEAE. 3 Polypodium scouleri Hook. & Grev. Leather-leaf Polypody. Rootstock stout, scaly, not licorice-flavored; leaves large, fleshy, 6-30 cm. long, 5-15 cm. wide; divisions obtuse, the lower ones largest. On trees and rocks along the ocean coast, Vancouver Island to California. Polypodium occidentale (Hook.) Maxon. (P. falcatum Kellogg.) Licorice- root Fern. Leaf-stalks pale green, 10-20 cm. long; blades thin, 20-40 cm. long, 8-12 cm. wide, divided to the midrib; divisions lanceolate, broadest at the base, sharply serrate, attenuate-acuminate; veins mostly 4-branched. Common in moss on rocks, logs and trees, Alaska to California. The rootstocks taste much like licorice, and are eaten by children. Occasionally the divisions of the leaf are deeply cleft. Polypodium hesperium Maxon. Leaves small, 5-15 cm. long, including the stalk; divisions few, short and obtuse. In crevices of rocks, especially in the mountains. British Columbia to Montana and Arizona. The rootstocks taste like licorice. 3. PHEGOPTERIS. Berecu FERN. Medium sized or small ferns; leaves twice to thrice pinnate or ternate; leaf-stalk continuous with the rootstock; fruit dots small, round, without an indusium, borne on the backs of the veins below or near their ends; veins free or reticulate. United by some botanists with Dryopteris Plant densely tufted; leaves oblong-lanceolate, tripinnatifid. P. alpestris. Plant spreading by rootstocks; leaves triangular. Leaves bipinnatifid; rachis winged. P. phegopteris. Leaves ternate, the stalked divisions pinnate or bipinnate; rachis wingless. P. dryopterts. Phegopteris alpestris (Hoppe) Mett. In crown-like tufts; rootstock short, stout; leaf-stalks 10-25 cm. long, bearing a few brown scales; blades oblong-lanceolate, 30-60 cm. long, tripinnatifid; ultimate divisions ovate- lanceolate, doubly incised and toothed. Common in rock talus in the mountains at 1500-2000 m. elevation. British Columbia to Montana and California. Eurasia. Phegopteris phegopteris (L.) Keyserling. Rootstocks creeping; leaf-stalks 15-20 cm. long; blades triangular, longer than broad, 10-20 cm. long, pubes- cent on the veins beneath; divisions lanceolate, pinnately parted into many oblong obtuse lobes or segments. Alaska to Greenland, south to Washington, Iowa and Virginia. Rare in our limits. Monte Cristo, Misses Coffin & Goodspeed. Gorge of the Columbia River, Skamania County, Suksdorf. Phegopteris dryopteris (L.) Fee. Rootstock slender, horizontally creeping; petioles 15-25 cm. tall, pale straw-colored, shiny, bearing a few brownish scales toward the base; blades broadly triangular in outline, 10-20 cm. wide, ternate, the lateral primary divisions bipinnate, the terminal usually tripinnate, all naked at the base; pinnae oblong, 2—5 cm. long, gl ibrous, pinnately-cleft or divided into 15-25 obtuse lobes; fruit dots near the margin, on the ends of free veins. In woods, especially at 400-1000 m. elevation, but occasionally near sea level. Alaska to Oregon; widely distributed in the northern hemisphere. + POLY PODIACEAE. 4. PTERIDIUM. Large, mostly coarse ferns, with variously divided leaves; fruit dots marginal, linear, continuous on a slender thread-like receptacle which connects the tips of free veins; false indusium membranous, formed of the reflexed margin of the leaf. Pteridium aquilinum pubescens Underw. Bracken or Brake. Root- stock stout, black, subterranean, horizontally-creeping; petioles 30-120 cm. high, erect, pale-green or straw-colored; leaf-blades 60-120 cm. long, 30-90 cm. wide, glabrous above, pubescent beneath, ternate, the three branches each bipinnate; ultimate segments oblong, acutish, mostly entire, the uppermost coalescent, the lower more or less lobed. ; Common and difficult to eradicate from newly tilled land. In rich woods this fern is sometimes eight feet tall. British Columbia to California and Arizona. 5. CRYPTOGRAMMA. Spore-cases on the back of the free forking veins, forming oblong or roundish fruit-dots, which at length run together and cover the backs of the smallest subdivisions of the leaf; indusium continuous, formed of the membranous somewhat altered margin of the leaf, at first reflexed along the two sides and meeting at the midrib, at length opening out flat. Margins of the fertile leaflets scarious, forming a false indus- ium; ultimate segments of the sterile leaves linear-lanceo- late, acute. : : C. densa. Margins of fertile leaflets not scarious; ultimate segments of the sterile leaves ovate, obtuse. C. acrostichoides. Cryptogramma densa (Brack.) Diels. (Pellaea densa (Brack.) Hook.) Densely tufted, 10-20 cm. high; petioles dark brown, longer than the blades; blades 3-6 cm. long, ovate or ovate-oblong, tripinnate; leaflets crowded, linear- lanceolate, 6-12 mm. long, mucronate, entire on the fertile leaves, serrate on the sterile ones. In rock crevices in the mountains, British Columbia to Montana and California. Rare in our limits, Olympic Mountains, Clallam County, Wash- ington, Elmer; Mt. Finlayson, British Columbia, Macoun. Cryptogramma acrostichoides R. Br. Stalks tufted, straw-colored; blades of two sorts, the outer sterile ones on shorter stalks, the ovate or obovate ultimate segments crenate or incised; the inner fertile ones long-stalked, the ultimate segments elliptic or oblong, pod-like. Common among boulders at low elevations in the mountains, Alaska to Lake Superior, Colorado and California. First collected by Menzies at Nootka Sound. 6. ADIANTUM. Marpen Harr FERN. Fruit-dots marginal, short, covered by the reflexed portion of the more or less altered margin of the leaf which bears spore- cases on its under side from the tips of the free forking veins. Adiantum pedatum aleuticum Rupr. Mazdenhair. Leafstalks dark brown or black, polished, 30-40 cm. high; blades nearly circular, the principal POLY PODIACEAE. 5 divisions 10-25 cm. long; ultimate divisions numerous, oblong or ovate, obtuse, lobed on the outer margin. Wet banks and woods, not uncommon. Alaska to California. 7. CHEILANTHES. Mostly pubescent or tomentose rock-loving and small ferns with much divided leaves; fruit dots on or near the ends of the veins, at first small and distinct, afterwards crowded; sporangia often concealed in the scales or hairs which in many species cover the segments. The species occurring within our limits has the ultimate segments of the leaflets very small and circular in form and the false indusia formed by the incurving of the whole of the leaf margin. Cheilanthes gracillima D.C. Eaton. Lace Fern. Petioles densely tufted, shining brown, 4-8 cm. high, bearing a few scattered lanceolate scales; blades 2-8 cm. long, oblong-lanceolate, bipinnate; leaflets numerous, crowded, pin- nately divided into 5—9 oval mostly entire segments, glabrate above, pubescent beneath with rusty matted woo. Common in rock crevices in the mountains at 1000-1500 m. altitude. British Columbia to Idaho and California. Common in the Olympic Moun- tains and on Vancouver Island. 8. STRUTHIOPTERIS. Fruit-dots in a continuous band next the midrib of the con- tracted ultimate segments of the spore-bearing leaf, covered until mature by an elongated indusium parallel to and within the margin; veins of the sterile leaf segments oblique to the midrib, simple or forked and free; leaves pinnate, of two kinds, the spore- bearing commonly much contracted. Struthioperis spicant (L.) Weiss. Deer Fern. Tufted; sterile leaves short-stalked, linear-lanceolate in outline, 15-60 cm. long, 3-9 cm. wide, the numerous segments oblong and obtuse; fertile leaves taller, longer-stalked and more erect, the segments longer, narrower and less crowded. _ In wet places in woods, Alaska to California. Also in the Old World. 9. WOODWARDIA. Fruit dots oblong or linear, sunk in cavities in the leaf, ar- ranged in a chain-like row parallel and near to the midribs of the leaf-segments; indusium fixed by its outer margin to a vein and covering the cavity like a lid; veins more or less in a network. Woodwardia spinulosa Mart. & Gal. Rootstock stout, covered with pale-brown scales; leaves in a round cluster, long-stalked, ovate-oblong, pinnate, leathery, 1-2 m. long; principal divisions lanceolate, 10-40 cm. long, deeply pinnatifid, the lobes spinulose-serrate, acuminate. In woods, British Columbia to Mexico. Near Tacoma, Flett; Texada Island, Anderson. More common southward. 6 POLY PODIACEAE. 10. ASPLENIUM. SpLEENWORT. Fruit dots oblong or linear, oblique, separate; indusium straight, attached to the upper side of the vein; veins free. Rachis of the leaf brown; leaflets oval, slightly crenate. A. trichomanes. Rachis of the leaf green; leaflets ovate, deeply crenate. A. viride. Asplenium trichomanes L. Common Spleenwort. Leaf-stalks tufted, dark-brown, shiny; blades simply pinnate, linear in outline, 6-20 cm. long; leaflets oval or oblong, unsymmetrical, obscurely crenate, 15-30 pairs, firm and evergreen, with a brown rachis. Mossy rocks, rare in our limits. Alaska to Arizona. Widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere. Asplenium viride Huds. Much like A. trichomanes, but the thinner paler leaflets deeply crenate and the rachis of the leaf green. Mount Baker, Washington, Flett; Ucluelet, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Macoun. eG 206 Wier: ee ee Oe ee 120 Red. ie tee SE es hce 120 Alfalid:..:,s) oe ee anon 222 AU pLOHIG). <5 stone re 229 AVisiiia- 20. ne cae ee ema oe 30 INLISMACBAB: (o> srac) fase anes 30 Williain. 8. cscs arta hee ee 95 Ailocarya -. 22-2 s< se ee 304 Ailotropas += seo) c+ - e 271 (nus. >. se cebee yea ce ee 120 JAlopecurus:.. 20d arin 39 Al sthe ‘Clovenict. 1am eo oe 220 Alum Rebs > tte Oey ees 196 Alvesuna ase tae eet Vit AmmGbiiS) BUS «= ichtt eae S aN\ Amarantitines hook epieee™ ya 135 AMARANTHACEAE...---- +0707 7° 134 Amaranth Family....----0:7"* 134 Amaranthus. ...... 592-62" 135 AMBROSIEAE = 2 02ers oem 347 Amelanchier. ...-.- 2. --2- ">"> 200 Weninmanwia .coe te oo ee 245 Agnmodeniatac- > --)25- opr ae 148 Nensincekia taytaes. == SG 303 ANACARDIACEAE... --- 2007007" 233 ANGCHATIS. 2) aye ee ie Sil Anagallise << ety pe ee 285 Anaphalis.. «a3. os eh are ee 392 Anemone 2 v2) .ctes ane ree Woods. see ee eee ee Androsace.< 3: 02% =-) >” ae Ancelicasa.cemers: aac mes ANGIOSPERMAE... -- 0220000 * Annual Blue-grass..-----+++°°* Antennaria.: .2--G- oer ee JANTHEMIDEAE .).. 22902 > Rathernisee cist ceri cane Anthoxanthum....--+---7+77" A plopappus.. ce 2-2 APOCYNACEAE. «226-5 2257 = Apocyautn oriscirt 6) roe ee Apple, Wild Crave cs hee (Nquilegiats pase tec eee Weabise netic sce ticirs aie eae INRACEAE) cis-.0 aetiate cern is IKAUTACEAR oy eae Arbor Vide 22 one ee eae Aebutusscee. tae ee oe IArcenuma ee 3 Macs ore oe ae Arctostaphylos...-----:--°°"" Agenariae 3: ce) ee es Argentina 4; nce sere te ARISTOLOCHIACEAE..- +--+ +077" Aenicas sf io oe te ae ee Nerhenatherunist ro Arrow GraSSaats 2 eee Arrow Grass Family...------*- Aprownedd onic ie ee ee Neremisiauws = enae se ae Artichoke, Jerusalem....------° Dieter elt) i yaeee gems Groot © \Nearimite s) foe ots ea AiSWitecn, Waa Aas: aay ey ee Mountain. .<.-) 29 es Asparagus. .- > 9-7 a. ae ‘Aspleniumicg + 20-2 e ernie INster eo 2 see nn a ee ASTEREAE = (poe -¢ ee Ouaaan Astragalus’ ot) a-j.0 oot aaa Ririplex oe eo ane thystumocts oo ose Athysanus. .----- 226-725 9°57 Ger ee ei a ean conic (pia B= 406 INDEX. Bachelors: Button at. er ee 394 Bachan cade Sone eo Balsam Family Mice aca cE Races 236 BALSAMINACBAE...<..002- +2 a0 250 Balsamonrhizanc evecare haere 376 (DONEDETINEN. asec a linea ele 162 IBarbareas. kc sotlatn. cee neem 176 Barberry Famuy. of 5s ge sce 163 IBOPHYOT Os GLOSS sree Aer ae 35 IE TLE WAVY GUL 5 ates chit ast teks tot ode 64 SHIGE Saree, sac tenet ned SOME aah ig 63 IBOLNN OTs GOSS A fe). tae vee 35 Baitrac intial es wera se hap nneee 155 SON DELIA Sea IE ct a icgs Mera 119 SCOT DEPT San Maal wae Naa 237 BCONG LOM GUC wma = eee Sis IB COTAGHOSS As chatid iivs 2 SSRIS 102 Beckmanmia.....0. 2 4.00.62. oe 60 ES CUSULG UW) Mewar Roe fick a.c = Peels rs 334 BEECH LGIMUN oi sen tee 4 « py ee a 121 WZCECIURN CTH t 8 bk tdasaaeanes« 3 JER GE SCTE eR od nS 374 BCU OWCies 20 = a ohn ves os ue ae 344 Bellflower Family.............. 342 BENI=OTOSS= 200s. 0. dale ee a 42 BERBERIDACEAE.............. 165 IBEGDerSisseiscaacss aban «ome ene Boa | 163 ID C2 Agee ge a eterna ey oe pee: 241 Ber MUuda-S7 GSS... ee te sees 61 Berula...... UM en iese he canes aera 266 Betula geste. eaten a eee ae tne 119 BERULACHATS. taster due seid ae 119 BIG eS fg. aeye fic, cert Te 374 ikoukkulla.. se: ae ete ete en 165 EY GH eee Os Sees ce aye ieeeee aie aie 119 Bare HOMAUY ce cage a 119 IB, Aah ISH ie Ree Brie cere Pe eee ake 283 Birthwort Family.............. 124 BULLET CVESS. ore ont c occ ens 172, 176 BULL CTAIDOG Rid arcs cae & Bien Maes «Ae 128 Blackberry, Evergreen.......... 204 IBV OCK COD. a « c cNoeus cote Be does 2 eo 204 Black Eyed Susan............: 376 IBIGGRALCMUOGR swe c.g eo oe ay 23 BVGGR AMICUIG: 5. Mitts cilecw. st. 222 Black Mustard sc... 0.0.00. 175 Bladder Campion.............. 143 IEA ODA =. t: See 8 BICUCCTWOTL eM Vet ae 2 ars ies. 1 SOL Bladderwort Family............ 332 BYU CD CL vn a Santee oh HN a elm cack sae 301 LEY OCU G7 Sos ee es oe 307 Blue-eyed Grass. ............-: 105 Blue-flowered Lettuce........... 360 BLUE -O7 OSS AA te tatuisle says sae 208s 52 PANU reg ck Clans 28 2 ctl os a2 407 TS LULCSTCT ID ae area eh inst 62 ISIUELO Pree pay Pte sei soe es Seek 41 BOIsdUValtaley. 2 eis. scot acess sss 252 Bolandracs: .ig....-2.sckens as 191 Boleliaine 05 2 ces ee eects es 343 WSOVOSE HOM. «=.= sees tes ss 299 BORAGINACEAE............... 299 Boschniakia.............+.:+- 330 BOUGYCHIUM.- <0... ac ssev esse: 9 sy AA IA ike Oe OLS ee ee ee 4 ESO CMR ohesby eon MKS os fegh vi vk by8 Ch 4 Brasenia a. jgcaee se. 0 ae oe ee 151 BTASSICA meals ieee oie oat. 174 LB yint Aah ee ee Se eee 49 Broadleaf Maple......./...... 235 HS POME= OV OSS ee eee sels ies sake 2 50 ISTOMUSs 214 46 fe Hee eee eee eee 50 Broomrape Family............. 330 IBUCROCOMS est dee ace ss sleet: 289 Buckbean Family.............. 289 BucRorush... 0.0.20 000 eee seeees 236 SUCK LON io. 2.04 a ane + see ae 333 IBUGRIMOTI:. © ons nase as eet 236 Buckthorn Family............. 236 Buckwheat Family............. 125 ISA OR a eee eg rs 162 IB a ae ee ee 20 HS TUMILISTIG aod = sis cals oes ahac ee 395 Bulrush, Western.............. 84 WBUPICLOVER, cs nc vs he ode ce 222 BUY DOCK 6 cease. sis ces olein site wide anane 395 WVU VAIN CEG oe, 6. sede Fl carats saat ee 24 Bur-reed Famtly.............. 24 BUTS aye scct bed aut Se aad ae 181 Butter and Eiggs..........-..-.- oT BULerCUD 2. a veces ee enacts 156 Water es eee 155 Buttercup Family............. 151 WBULLErWOrb a. 2. ase ne eee ee 332 GCACTAGEAB. 4 noe os sneer 244 Cactus Family. ...........005. 244 @alilee \. 4h anne 2 ee ree 168 Calamagrostis). sas. sas se ete 41 (Galanclairitat eee en eee 138 California Black Oak.......... 122 Calefornia Lilac... 6... se. sens 238 Californie POpPyVa. eae een he 165 CATTEITRICHACE AES baa «oh sarees 231 Callttriche= 5 ae.08 sees eee 232 GCalochortusia. acres snare neeree 96 Galthar aera eer 161 Caly ps0 eee ees 109 COmUsa eee ee ee 98 LD COLL aes: eed. ete eee 99 Camelinaia: 5. .44200-+.5 eaeen 181 Gam pamutlac ae crys cvyers ever cies 344 408 INDEX. CAMPANULAGEAB soe ae pene 342, Chrysanthemum.) seen ee 380 Canada Blue-orasse ee eee 54° “Chnrysopsisingsc A Se ie occ Ie 363 Canada hiitsticnes eet 395°. > Chrysosplenium. =: 1s: 5. seen c6 193 Canary=raSsr eee cee ne Si WGicely Sweets 5 pe eee 259 UNECE, oats how eae Re eee 36° “ GICHORIEAES oon scene 347 Gapnoides\Si5 Fock: cere ose 166, .Cichortum: Os) coe eee 353 @APRIVOLIACEAE 4:1 deh oles 336 (Giteuta ose oe eee 263 (COP AIRITTD acters hencae SACO § Bia 264) 1Cimicitu caer pane eee 162 Cardamine-..a seen e one oes L726" (Cintiar oy cece eet oko 40 Canexsaey nt see cee ya ee 60)" Circacarein asta tee ee 246 COPNAHON ecm ee ee 142°" Cirsium eeleey. a ee 394 ar pelWieeds ean se 13008 Cladothamnustee ea eee 281 Carpet Weed Family....:...... 136) — Glaytoniape. oar. Hone 139 CONT OLR Sco Se RRA aR eae 258). Cleavers: ee cen ees ee ee 334 Wilds Sane re eee Z98* \Clematise-c.<5oc sacs ae nee 152 Ganumma ey entee nto ee eee 204. Clintoniarir se sce seen eee 100 CAR YVOPEWIEACE ABs sheen a. rae TA Clover ee woce aetna eee 218 CUScCO;O;S Ag 000. ene 237 IRGUOULIS? EO Yaae ea eee 221 GOSLCWRECTIUL a ee ee 233 TRE ey Sree eek: Sh al aN St 220 Cassiope doses oe eee ens 280 IS WECES SA Mieereee are eae 222 Castanopsis= see poe eee 121 URNA ie Pyeng eee 220 Castillejarvsa: eee cae. Ce ae 32s (Cochleanar oa. 6 oc ee ee 178 CACHING Ae ee a 142." \Cockleburs 32 wc = ee 361 COIN pee esa ere S10) > ;Goclopleuntiiy. 05.4. eee 268 CELA eee eco ge 240 *Cogswelliane Go eee 260 Canna that eee: eee 23). ‘Coleanthust! ¢ 4h sn eee 40 @aucalistas. sche oe Cee 258) Coleosanthus: = es eee 362 @eanothiis ss Seer. cee. weet 237. Collinsiawee tse et cee ee 319 CELASTRACEAE aa eect eek 234: (Collomiaite= ceo eee eee 296 Centaurears: Speman eee 393) (Golisfoot eS Wein eee eee 382 Centannume esc eee eee ree 283i Columbine: epee 161 Cephalanthera.. 2 oeee eee 108° Comandrags = se an ee eee 124 Gerastium:i.4 ont ee Sees 146" (Comanumy sn. see eee 211 COXOSUS Sr yiceo ge FS 199% NiGommon Horsciai ss eee 11 GERATOPHYLLACEAE, “)aqreeer 151s Common Mallee ee 316 Ceratophyllum’. .- 24.) a asses Common Plantain eer 333 Ceropteriss + acts aee ce a eee 25 ‘Common Spleenwort. .2.5 4.2228 ho CGhaetochloay yas ee ae Son COMMONMV CLC a na Renee 223 Chamaecy parisins ac.) see 13% WEOMPOSITAE tee ee 312 Death COMGS. 606. 1 oso on ves os 99 Deer Feri. pe es Sse hs 5 Welphimiunneee see ses ss o- 159 Dentariaveeiaer ieee cpa a coe 171 IDA URUK oh a ee ne ee 142 Meschampsiaeves ae 2. see ee - 46 Devils, CLUDE Beis yas 0 os 255 IDLE HIRO ooo lO 204 Wiamthiis ee ceteris. ese hae. ole 142 IDIGOTYEEDONESS ats. 2.002. 12 Dicitalish iter ts ase aus 32 5s, 325 DIPSACAGHAB Scio tih gece as «5 8 ae 341 D1 DSACUSHe ae ea ters sass 341 409 DispoOctim ape ries ee tise ee 102 Wistichlismenwtyee oes ue Seles 56 DOG Re certegerl Mess, sietavale ars ate aye 5 3 127 SULLCT Ne 8 oct <2 amie econ 128 WEWO Wien ee eA 128 IQUE Bs Ot aoe eR eee eee 292 IDA I TA ee ee ee 291 Wodecatheon: .. ......--s.. 55> 283 DATA: toe e Pe 290 Dogbane Family............... 290 DOGGONE. he oeeeh eee gee 5 SOU DO RIUOO Lame ele ete ecto rere eee 2609 Dogwood Family.............. 268 Oriclianrserrae nese ei ee 132 WD ouclasiaeni 4 tise creer 284 WD OWELGS SPY UCC rt eens eae ee 22 ID alee eee ner eT ico oe 177 Dracocephalum............... 310 MDF OCOMMELCOG ee sat, Seta eno 310 WD) ROSCA Warder hi sc cooks cosh es ee 182 DROSERACEAE...............: 182 Dy alsiepae ste datesteie: tt oisrs ae cee 206 WD IMOCAINS aie. das: Nido aoe ae DAal DinyOPlenls tree Ass oe ea 7 Duckweed Family.............. 86 Dulichitine 6.2 eee 82 Dwarf Maple... . 15.20 e es 239) Echinochloa... .......s...s+ss 34 Bchimopanax. (20¢2.-06-4.5508 255 TCL CROSS Res, te sioies oa = bean (bre oe eich 28 ELAEAGNACEAE..........-.--- 244 HGATINACEAE. ..2255.040-.5e05 241 lertimes oy) ese ee ele eurcereds sae « 241 Jal, EET RST A OS Ge 336 EVEGOIMPANE! oes crs ay eee 393 Bleochaniss... 22. 2: soe ee er 82 IDISENE eee odes oo come 61 baat cae eee eerie: aio cla cue S- 196 Eslodeatnt wou cae 2+ ens: etree 31 Elymus sec yo ode Gays aeeeee een 62 EMPETRAGEAE seas oaea et see 232, Eimipetiti's. a... setae eae see Oe Enchanter's Nightshade......... 246 Engelmann Spruce............. 22 Finglish Rye-grass.. . 1... 55.-.4.. 61 Epilobiii ga os eee ae = - 246 BypipaGtismmrs ae eis arielon ae 112 POUISHTAGE AI es ae sash ys fae 11 PLOUISETINEAB. ¢ 2.9.55 ss. 220 10 FL QUISECUTIN ay 4 Gece si ei tehe = 11 [Me keago ao Leer eo eae 48 PRICACBAB cs eo atc eensae ss sy 2ho FUri@erOMeen: wesc qeqeer shoe sats 366 EPOSOmMMMrm eee oes ets see = 125 EriOphoOrumipe. .: 4.15 se a 84 Brophy lites. 2 2 srs vase et se oe 378 410 ETodiimmeshiee cece eee oe 229 Eryncilimberer tne cee en oc: PASS IB Mice Sawa soo ew Ube oma 173 IDiryrlaidoyehbralpug slap aioe ecoe au 97 Esehscholziaenc ore teeeior ee 165 Bucarexek (ne cee ae 66, 68 Bucephalus2. 2. Metee te yee 370 BeaOTMyIMUSie 5 ee eo ea 234 EUPATORTEAR er ge cine cutee 347 ES paALOLIUm ee ie ete cease 361 BUpHOLbiati. saree ern ote 230 PAPHORBIAGEARS Hel eee cre 230 Bathamiand ance ome ies eee 366 Evening Prumnose.m --1 8 ie ae 253 Evening Primrose Family....... 246 Evergreen Blackberry........... 204 verlOStAN2 2) Wie eee se ne 392 AGACE AR. Suen Seino 121 GISCREL AS eee Raye Fey a eee 181 FalsevElicievoreés. -e meee ee 103 False Mermaid Family......... 232 Ralse Pimpernel oe eet 420 False Solomon’s Seal........... 103 Bern Beeches ee ee 3 BLAU er et ey hee te 8 DD CCP ae oe ERE fc Seo 5 Gold=baGee= 2 eee Cee 2 GeODG a ipa OS eee 9 1 EOI Saeco Be 7 EGGO¥ . 30 SO ee ee 5 TG iy, Soar ee ee A Eee 6 LAGOTICE-10 0D een eae 3 Maiden latr aeee ee 4 Pacific Christmas... 54.2 7 IRGLLESNORG} eee 9 Sieh. 3} ates ota cae 7 Wood. i i). SR ee Se U Rernchamily. 5 ae eee 1 Rer ne Riantss ne se eee 1 RESCUE Benes as, er Oe 56 MieCadow. aso. aa 58 Whousetailea wv see 57 MeStuca ssi. 59°. neo eee 56 BESTUCEAR): 0 jets notes 33 ESWOTEM hk. oN rans cnet ee ees 319 RUSWOTE SHCA eee Pan ieee 315 VR TIOR AT ALE PAE a OR ey pe oN 229 BITETCINE AR ay 2cnoite ieee eae nee all yA esky bch oo ha eee 8 RUB re tea tN oc ne ak eee 20 A LOSS Ses Oia: 2 NOD Gees ek tate te are Al REGIA ee Sy Be MM TE rh ct 22 UUGI PINCH eee eee PAL VALOR ON RE oy ke 21 EGP ERUCC Oe arch ate Os renee 248 ° INDEX. PIGS GISES AE a ee ee 181 Plegbaneee aaa. cea ee ee 366 Pl Gerkea aap mite ese po aoe 233 UTA Ua 6 Ate oda bk egode 302 FouriO' Clock Family... 92.52... 135 Fowl Meadow-grass............ 54 Ox Glove een a ene eee 325 Roxtan Green nee 35 Meadows t,1 ain oe ee 40 Biragaria., sates oe et eer ees 210 Biraxinuses iets ee ee eae 287 Kretillarare ens ieo. eee 97 0G SBUb eh OI) =e ee tee 30 Gaertneria tie eisere ee ed ei ee 361 Gale GS Weer egal pe toe et ae Re 119 Gajllardia Ws 2 ete eee 378 Galttrmiere oie ie ee 334 Garver ee han See eee 269 GarrsOaky vans ier co ee 122 Gastriditimese ane eee 39 Gaultheriake sates sone eee 278 Gayophy tums: -°554-.cocmeee 252 GenuiGn eae eee 288 Genttianal 42s ne eee eee 288 GENTIANACH AR er eee 287 Geniionhamily ena eee 287 GERANTACEAEM S| one eee 228 Geraniimict 4:0 cot oo pee 228 Wald B5Ne as eceeeae 228 Geranium Family. ss. eee 228 Gents 2a Sea ee ee 207 Gianti€edar... 0955. soon eee 18 Gailias deh ee A ae 293 GingersWild een eee 125 Ginsengahanily ee a eee ee 254 Githopsisis de soi eee ake eee 343 Glechomare Gap hoe eee 311 Glehinrast eee eee 267 Globe Blowers tat aco eee 162s GIOSSWOTET A 6 cee ee 133 Glas Aer ease ok ee ae 285 GI CORT ORG cake oe eee 59 Gnaphaluims...40 05 eee eee 392 Goabseb card 65 ae eee 203 Godetiasnwa sn aa eee 250 Gold-back fern. =... 506 eee 2 GOldEnTOG se is Nk ain del ee 364 Goldthread ee, he eee 163 (Goosebennyee nnn. ici ee 185 (CODS7ONia hoes AEE CaSO oes ne 133 Goosejoorshanilyin se se eee 132 GOOSC= EGS etre es «cite ee 61 GOrmamiay ee toe geste sere ee 184 GOTSER RE Ae oe ee ee 218 GOSMOTE eee he a ee 353 Gourdehan tly pee nee 341 INDEX. Grape Teri aus tas seeltacse eet 9 GLOSS; BOKNV GUE. Sayan he eee 35 BeCOr rat ee ete Rete 102 Beni Na See a eo eres 42 BEV MUG. «ace oe 61 UBT ETI OR alee WIR ie clas Bont crane 52 IBIUC=EVEE rar, leis aie testes 105 IBROMICN Mee Oe era 50 CONDEM Een aa Oe oe Pr eee a (Cord eee eho eee 60 GOON ae eee 84 COUCH 62 ID Ge) rr OE, cen Oot 28 TETAS WINS C eaetetestcle 12 eagsiiee: 61 Fowl Meadow............. 54 GOOS Chee kee 61 | EAGT ce Dome rte eee Sen eesti 45 EGUCOVE IRN Gates, See 4s oe ee eee 61 Kentucky Blue............ 54 OPGHGTG= ol ines coeds seer Sy) Perennial Rye............ 61 (OUAC Ris Sa arate tae sate ssa ob ts 62 UReeds COMOGMa.6 a2 oe e215 36 Reed Meadow............. 59 Rough Meadow............ 54 EIR CR ee tees et or ele ege te Seay aac 62 SS 1b eae, errors i ceecikea ei 56 Slender Wheat............ 62 Sweet Vernal............. 37 GHW OWHS 6 ee oe ee 45 Want. 2.2 58.-.2 0 oes. oe Si WelDeL oat. ote oo tise tees 44 Wheat. ...........200005. 61 Grass Family. ..........0244-- oil (ratiolae. oe ae eee 320 Green Foxtail................. 35 Green Hellebore............... 103 Grindelia. 40ers OO Gromwmell.... 0.0.0.0 0 eee eee 303 GOUMOLON sodas aye hes eke oo > Fs le yt Ground-pine........22202 222 13 Gum Plant... ......0000000 00 362 Gymnogramme...........5-0+5 2 GYMNOSPERMAE............... 16 FELCH Tee OKC S Siar mee oe cifone ee 45 ELATORAGIDACEAB........ 2-206 253 Harrimaneliaeys)o ce ckrd. - oes 280 SEL IDECU pete, hace oicc si dle ass 356 EGIL ADO ae Oe Oe *... 200 FEL OSCLIVUG en heise ee orci ee ans = 120 LEI COUMAL arene eo 2 eos haa: 311 ECOLNCF OU GINAIV EG ccc e no Fe sia oe Zhe, VCO SEMELY SSOP sana toe ss. os els 320 Wied ee Mustard. 1... hone ea nes 175 HETCU CRIN CLUE co gete. eo 0s sis sys ss WS lec ysarUiMe cp ss eae aes as om 225 AII FETE ENTE AIS Sires loua,cuesel ds. «0 tuctens 347 leleniim tea tee 379 HELIANTHEAE................ 347 Ileliamthusies.. os :.<% .y- sc: oe ee 377 eleevore: HGISe. . 223s yc0+2- 103 GrEEN Se ee ae 103 VWiiitic eee ee ae 103 Flemileyvar . 26 4. cn. sc lee ces oie 192 Hemitomes............02..000- DP fi Hemizonella.................. 374 Femizoliaeease s.r eee eee 374 WHCMILOC Rae seek. on sede eee 22 BICC ae ae an Eee ee ieee DS Mountain. ............... 23 WiGterece ess. eee oats 263 Western.................. 23 Heracleum................... 260 IVES PetiS sata nee sales ts aa eee 13 Hesperogenia................ . 267 Heteranthera................. 86 Heterocodon................. 344. WENCLCTOSUVL Souter we: eee ee 28 eucherae en anise eee 196 Hiteraeiumi seo. ens. th ose sens 356 iElterochloewem ade aa eee 37 Peli see eee etees » oc = ae eee 254 Ril Gtistemet ates ca ia'a ccautd oteerane 44 LOU MRCP re. kiciw oes 2 eae 7 ElOlOdiSGUS 6c. ¢.4cnce. serene 202 Homalocenchrus.............. 36 HENOMENSUGKIC 6 od Sues oes. 4/9 eo odes 338 Honeysuckle Family........... 336 Floorebelkia.. i. ....-.3..4.5 50 363 Mo@okera= os ste. os oe cee 94 UPOP GlOOGH 0. «ss: naked a ee tee OR DEAR 2255... 4. <2 Sincere 34 |Hvehdclejoha see ee See 63 Horehound. .............0045. S12 Horned Pondweed............. 28 EL OVIVIUON be tacnsth cae ase eke ee 15 Hornwort Family...........--- SE VEROVSCLOUL mae « Auten k tice ee 11 COMMON... 1... cece cee ee ital Horsetail Family.............. 11 OSA kale eye a ae ee nee ee 225 FLOUN@'S TONGUC 0. ee ee 301 Howellia..................... 342 JRE A GIANT A eee arse ee 276 jolene oer ee nae 378 Hiutchinsiaac saan sc einen 181 Hyacinth, Wl... 3s cas aden OF TA vClastylUS einer st eee eter er 106 HYDROCHARITACEAE........... 30 Eivdrocotvle. Was oss ou < to ona eo HYDROPHYLLACEAE............ 297 Hydrophyllum ........0..5... 298 HIYPERICACEAE..........00000% 239 412 INDEX. LY PELIGUML RP sees Stier ais sees 240 Ly DOPIGVSH em ae eae oe ers eee Vie. iy POChACLIS. <2 = ee eiecele oy ersten 353 Tpigiumiteys See Cees ea 111 Dy samthest cic srerat ite suenaat 320 Im PAatienSs..i--- oe rect Ace enes 236 IE RTAPXA GANT OR ie noo ao OC 19 Indian Paint Brush............ So, I MGLONVE LIRA on os ae 327 NOTANCELUM 3a eee 200 Minti aeeo ss ees A, ee ee eee 393 INTE Aden ore ena ie eee 347 IRIDACEAE. .chitetine Crane 104 Te SHOMUV soe <0) See te ee 104 UPONZWOOG:. © 2) ses ces 202 Isnardiaase. 20s eer Dee eee 247 ISOETACEARL? lt rere 15 Isoetes. 6... ich ols co eee 15 [sopyxuimis ee Cee ee 323 inania eck eee 316 Lanna casa, nck ie oP eee ee 338 Ihcithospermum™s 4h eee 303 Ploy dia.c.55 ae) oe eee 98 WodgepoleePine se nee 20 Wolitims3 ede eee 61 (SOniGetas.<.20 hc eee re 338 PE OOSCSEP UE mac t) nie eI eee 286 oosestrije Hamily... 2245.2 ere 245 IWORANTEHACEAR I. ose sre eer 122 WEOUSCIOT Lies wis Se oie oe 326 UEOUUG Ee EROS aesh OR Re OE 266 Ewin aes Feiss Sees Wc SE 383 TEU PINE). irons oth Ses Be ORE 213 IGUPINUS soe Bate cele ea ee ee 213 leubkear Oe ches ol ae ee 201 Ee yCh mise. at pdot ice so Ree 144 IEYCORODIACEAE.. = omen eee 12 JEVGOPRODINEAE. «2 noe peer 1, Lycopoditm.../....-4.cni-eee eee 13 LVCopuse. 2uk).8io.- es eee 307 LOSES oe hel ech meget sirationate elo 111 Lysichitoniee ato. ee cee ee 85 Loy simlachia’ ces ws\.0e. sa eee 286 LYTIRRACHABE: bos = scien 245 IDai{al eh ashonlae into eremtns Sick o peo e*c 245 INDEX. 413 WMigd ders HOt yarn eee ee 334 IWiadiate eee See eee 372 MadronG es ee ee 279 Madronellansu ss teen eee 309 Maiden Hair Fern............. 4 VEGI CWee be 4 hee cee ee 239 VIGES he ae i ee 239 WMallow Pamilyiee . fac. sence 238 IN Talla s ec meses ce ae ee 239 INTAT:VAGEAB, oic.c 6e0 eh ae ea ieect ee Oks) WMONZAntO Gt oe a ee 279 VIG DIOR ete Beene Se NT ee eee 235 DUA T Peet A ey owes heat 235 VEN epee is, shee, wel pee ke 235 Wares sath. | es oe. oss oe ens 2Oe Mariposa Lily.............4.. 96 IMlgvagilenstota ns ah Aas canes oe Salat Marsh Marigold............... 161 WMarsilea. >... swear csc eset 10 MARSILEACEAE............... 10 Watricatial: sane sone ee eee 380 VIG AWCCU. ee ies A) ens es 380 Meadow Fescue............... 58 Meadow Foxtail............... 40 WWeadow. RUC. cs. sce. esc sane. 154 INMICCICACOmers = facade heer ake 222 WMegalodonta. 2. 22.4.0 css sss: 375 Wielicaamr. Smee ee oe ON 49 Niel OES Ak. eee ee a ee 22D Menthas..2n ac sc soe oe 308 MENVANTHACEAE..........-.. 289 Menyanthes.:. iv seis eee. es 289 Menziesia. 0... 5s...0.s02+-:. 282 INiertensia yen ae ee eee 301 JWACSUPTHIO®, oes Opie Ome a Oe nh ee 44 IMA CTAMIP EHS eigen Gon eee law ae 341 WiGCrGNthes. 0s oa es oe ew eo 191 Micromerias «2. co. .8sase ace: 7s 309 Microseris.................... 354 VAI GT Eee St eae eens aris 379 WLC Ke. ee eta 254 Male. Thistle. .......02....205 394 IMiamiulus.... 222. c.00..---224- O29 VIG Te ee teat cette es oe ae 308 VAL e Sete ek eS ae 308 ICH TAMIA ae 6: 85, 3 sts ace 306 Mistletoe Family.............. 122 Iie lave Ser. eek ae 194 VIGILCWOTL eee ee. 194 IMIG! hat 9 Er 150 INNO USS a ees cise oss, « spe eee 136 IMIOTIESES At se ce acs Sebo ene 273 Monkey Flower................ 323 INO PADO AL oe ee 286 IVIOMRShOOd a. 2 2s On ee 160 MONOCOTYLEDONES........... 23 1A Ifoy ot 5 t= ce eee Ce ee ne 138 WCOOTQESS 50 ce Oe 9 Morning Glory................ 291 Morning Glory Family......... 290 WIOSSICGMPION. ©. 6...0.%15 52. 143 WOT AG a ee B12 Moth Mullein................. 316 WVIOUNLOAN AIS au 4. «ea ae 201 Mountain Daisy.............. 369 Mountain Hemlock............ 23 Mountain Juniper............. 18 Mountain Sorrel............... 127 Mountain Timothy............. 39 Mouse-ear Chickweed.......... 146 Mouse-ear Cress............... 175 Mouse: Pat. (Sc 154 Mouse-tail Fescue............. 57 Mi dwWorbs | 0 es es aoe 323 Muhlenbergia................. oT STC A A EN rn ee et ae 316 Common. ...... 0. scene eas 316 VOT ene ee ee ee 316 Mullein Pink................. 144 Musk Mallow................. 239 UV ETRY 3 sled (0477563 6 ee 325 Mustard, Black............... 175 JEU Aa A el eee eee 175 UUTOULH Ne cies: etn ce oe bs 176 INE Voy. . See ae a eee 359 INATADAGCBAE.. 6 o.05250.02e502- 25 IN Ey Ee ee ree 28 Napa Thistle... .............. 394 Naumburgia............s..... 286 Nawartetiaees aaa soe eee 295 Nemophila.;... 2. ..-2.0.0-. 2:5 299 INepetahea eee eee ee ae 310 Nephrophyllidium............. 289 Netilen was tonek eie aoes, ee 122 LD eOd a eee ee 312 IETS On ne TRE 313 Nettle Family................. 122 INewbernya- eee eee 270 Nicotiana..............-+..e00- S15 Nightshade. ........... 00.005 314 Nightshade Family............. 314 Ninebark... 0.00... cee 201 Nipple-wort... 0... ..0.0.0005. 352 Noblé Far... ccc cee eee 2 NYCTAGINACEAE.............. 135) Nymphaea................... itod NYMPHAEACEAE............... 150 OCR MOR Bt at, csi a 121 California Black.......... 122 (Gish 7) ac en ee 122 TAOTS OMI as. 0) cde oto ase 234 414 INDEX. Oath: 2 AO okie ae ene 46 Smoot Wild Bacau ee ee. 46 Oaberass sal, Fee eee 45 QeeanSPTEy So es 202 @enantheznn.- se pa eee 265 Oenotherantce cette 253) Olde an sRogt an ee 342 OHEACBAB Assi ce areas 287 Oleaster-Familyemne none ere 244 Ole vRamntly oe enero ee 287 Olsyniimeren eerie ee 106 ONAGRACEAE bs) eee 246 Onton® or eee eee 95 @PHIOGUOSSACEAP Hae See eae 8 @phroglossumessee er eee 9 O Ve EE DON Catan on Ro « 109 Opulasters :5::..5..c Oe eee 201 Opuntiasss.cace eee ee 244 Orchard-orass in -aee RHE 52 ORGHIDACEAR= 3-6-5 eee 106 Ofchid amide 106 Oregon Ashiratint ae eee 287 OveconiGra peor eee eee 164 @reostemma.c see eee 370 OROBANGHACEABE w Gee Sater 330 Orobanche =e ee 331 Orogeniat foe aye Wey ce meee 267 Orthocanpuss-e ore eee etree 329 ORYZEATN Sc. 0) Leena yn eony pose: 32 Osmaronias ce: sere ee 199 @Osmothizde seen 259 OXATIDACEAE s.6ey ee Serene 229 Oxalis 5. ep ee 230 Oxene DD CiSyine ss or cic eee 380 Oxycoccus#s 280 PUG Oxyria se eee none eee 126 OXVELOPIS)... hcanianccas pee eee 227 Oyster Plants. soso ee 353 OZOmeltSeae = ee en oe eee 195 IRAGHISE aes eee tet eh ee eee 234 Pacific Christmas Herm. ve. eae 7 ACO MAL peter tetees ok OR 161 Pant Brush, Indian: «3.50520. 327 Baimicds Cup ey ee ee 327 Raniculanial a,c oe eS IRPANTICEAR op) esq bce ee eee 32 IRANICUM bee ctor cris Cee 35 I-APAVIERAGEAR 9... siecle antene 164 Rarnassia.®... 22 een eee 188 PROPSLEN ER OMIA View veer eae 255 PP OPSNUD se ciars SOS Se 262 COUR CR Mae tye eee ee 260 Basapalumy asta escie een 35 PasgueHloWer ss See ne 154 PASEITIACA teri Cr ere ee 262 PEAT TIGR Venus nese ae 244 Pearlwortcxccnrcock oe ee 148 Pediculanserne see ee 326 Pellaéas 2 Ah ee eee eee 4 PennyiGress ice peer eee 181 Pentacaenas-e 4.6 a eee 144 Rentstemons. -2ee- ee eee 317 REONY We. erin ie reer ae Oe 161 Peper Oras: ae ate aoe 179 Reramilum =e core oe eee ial Perennial Rye=O7 dSSaee eee ee 61 Petasitest: -2.-<.. ose ee 382 Phaceliasa-kc ohe ana eee 297 PHALARTDRAR A oe eee 32 Rhalans ew acc. cee ae 36 Phegvopteriss #5: sn ee eee 3 iPhiladelphitspesae eae eee 188 Phleum eee es ee 38 Phlox. ehtcine tie cee eee 293 IP RLOSCH OMNI heen ie ee 292 Phoradendron..-. ee aoe 123 Bhyllodoceteer oe ce Cree 281 Phyllospadix):.- 32.0: eee 28 Physostegias 9.4. ee 312 Picea tae. oe te ee eee 22 PUSWEEE. Ny cP oO a 134, 135 PUM Perneler rote oe ee ee 285 RGISE poten Bh. Ee Oe 320 PINACEAE Gi ead ab ee Gree 17 PANE SACS MAS Rd. oe ee 19 SULT CORSE EAA OS OR 20 Grounds ce Ae eee 13 UKNOVCONCH ee eee 20 ECU ZEpCleme nee ene 20 Running....... PR i Or 14 SS ULOT te Ret ee 20 Western White.) one eee 19 Wizite-berke ees. eee 19 WVEHLOU Wg Be ts 65) ee Re 20 PANEER OMELY Ratra sce 17 (PAN GOL ALY RAS Rus ane eae 102 Ping utculae aes mc ee eee 332 PUNE ee EER aS foe ee 142 DEDIPORE SO. ih ote ee 142 UNCON ee oy eee 327 Matlein sees ce eee 144 PANE GINS ee 141 Bins es. Bhs cee ote ee ee 19 Riperiaie 26 ete esa nck Deere 110 SPADES: bite ake Cer sors OAT 12 (RUDSUSSCIU eae ee ee 273 Piscartat. ener fen Seen 231 PityOpuss set eotte mot coe 271 iRlapiobothnrys aunt eee 304 Rlatysiiemarcatecreeee oer 165 PUANTAGINAGEAE .. ..- 0. see 333 Plantagorecvsicyced ee ese eee 333 IPIGNIOIN AR AN, ee 333 ee INDEX. Plantain, Rattlesnake........-- 112 Water Wace oe ek 30 Plantain Family.........----- 333 Pleuricospora..: 2. s..5 2 43-6---%- 271 Pleuropogon 2040s cm: se 49 PUNE one ee 199 in diOne ane Meicas eee ee 200 PEUMBAGINACEAE:... cio seas. © 286 ROA Ae ea eis ha 52 IRONCEATS (teva stars ren = on FLOLSOMOGR A Mae en a sess 234 IRPOLEMONIACEAE os. 2 ia: secu 292 Rolemomniitieesse ts eae ene ener 294 ROUYGONACERE Se. e%, cots: 24 = 125 PolyZONUM 22). qs oa Peewee ea 128 POLVPODIACBAE 6 s.02 000s 2 ees = 1 Rolypodiuim.. 2.5... es2 4 are 2 Polypody, Leather-leaf........-. 3 RG V MOC OMG aot ie tgie se kee 39 Rolystichunl. wc... ney. MSR eee 6 Pond Lily, Vellow........20+-+- 151 IPONGWECE:. boeinis a Oates a oS ee = 25 FH OPNCb es ose co oe eo eS 28 Pondweed Family ...........25, 86 RONTEDERTACEAB Ss « .)406 5 3 2s 86 Poppy, California........-..-+-. 165 Poppy. Family .. 2.5.0.0 e scents 164 PODULMS as sire cars eee a are & 118 IRortulaGara.. seses oss see eee 137 IRORTULACAGEAB sas ce. 2 sausee- 136 Potamogetom..- «22.6. +26: 29: 25 Roten tila se..ccrs eee ee eae 208 Prickly LQuuce, +. hota eee ee 3600 TAICHIN FCO Sova vic nk eee tee 244 PruINOGALEXS jesees ooo gare te ee ee 66 Primrose, Evening..........-+- 253 Primrose Family. .........+++- 283 BRIMUMACEAR...% asses 0+. 5- = 283 Brunella ae see cages aa Sl RUBS ite cw dare alee Hee He 199 Psendotsugassseees+ > soe d= 21 Psiloearphus:..22 142 es oe: 390 IBS OTA Caleta etemehea 6 sie, c aioe « 218 IPAeatabhunanl ptm -05-ce Reena ae chore 4 RIERIDOPHVT Anes < 6 agen 151 INAMUNGCULUS =). cs eee eee 156 Raphanus ...ea2 = sesie ss wale ne 168 Rapuntimleds ise lwnseness oe 343 Rattlesnake Plantain..........- 112 Razoumofskya........--++++-+: 123 Rem Aldera. (20 < scees oe eure 120 (Reds GLOUEN ceo oats oe oe = = ese 220 TREGAPU? og ct so ake ee ee 22 Red-flowering Currant........-- 187 PREMIO D co's. 2 Se wwe 2 atte Syne ere 43 Reed Canary-grassS......+++++++ 36 Reed Meadow-grass........--+- 59 RHAMNACEAE.......--¢05+0+-- 236 [RU GEEH Oana) (See palette tere ons Peon ca 8c 236 Punt heteatl SS ena eto oo S 326 Rhododendron.........-.---- 282 FS lace. f ens teel oeerie eke ave tee 233 Ri DeSwnesS ov. oie os 8 eee ee 185 PROGR CLES SH cc oe hea ae ee 169 FROG REL erase a wares Sache eee ee ie 173 Rocky Mountain Juniper....... 18 Oman zOtllaes .0s sirevelate sta aie re 297 PRROSAle . itekee oes aoe heey eee 204 RIGSACEAE \.¢ 2 cacina cn seer 197 RONG ire ts sasvahs soGulotin, Saves Sone ee .. 204 Rose Pamuly =. 2332 0o. 503493 197 RG tala. co santecw's ces Meee eewe ees 246 Rough Meadow-grass......--+-- 54 RUBTAGHAB scien 334 Rb US eee ae oe Oe eck carne 203 Riidbeckias « .2s.ger ous ee 375 Riamex ste thet cae ee 127 Running-pine... 0.00.00 eevee 14 RuUppiay ¢s0ssuet awe ep 27 VRAD ST eerie ot rac ake eae ee 87 SCOUTING... sce tea see 12 SPIRE cre. dain. ndlas See ee 82 IC eee ae 91 Rush Family...... 00-0000 0000 87 Russian Thistle. .........+5--- 133 RY6-B7OSS oo ee ee ee tenes 62 | Oe 61 VEADIATIN Lo Oe as PRC oe oto 61 Perennial... .....--0 eee ol Rynchospora. ......--+++++++ 82 416 INDEX. DGREDPUSH en ered ee ee 381 AGIA fe cce yt ore tee tects ees ONS 148 Saprttanidipas scm esheets eins oe 30 STAs Rane ss eRe ATi a Meets 278 DALIGACHARs wcla epee anh tart 112 Salicorniar: Fier sae 132 Salis ee opt PR re ee ees 113 SSGLINDU-DENIYV ess RE ae 204 BCLS BV are ee scat hs tons Pct occ Pre ee 353 SalSOlat Sy eee reels Aine ae 133 SS UD UST ino nn AO ne 133 SUE OT USS 7 oa ia servaeew ae POS 56 Sambucus sees oe eee 336 DS ONUDNATE. Noe lerneeecae He 133 Sandalwood Family............ 124 ANA WORE Nake ore tet 149 San erisOLba ye ee eee 206 Saniculas nee oe eee 257 SANTALACEAEB lee 124 Salisstirea:\. 6 Bae het ere ee 396 Saxifragaky.gan. cere ee 189 SAKTERAGACEARS-< near 184 SOXUKA LE oe A isa eae eee 189 SUCH AE Jiek AIM, «De eke ou nue 184 Scheuchizenia se in erseeee 29 SCHEUCHZERTACEAPS. «epee eo ScIEpUS fore eae eee 83 Scoliopuse: . cee eee 101 Scorzonella: 2 sae ein fe ee 353 SCOULING RUS aa ee 12 Scrophulariats oc eee ie 319 SCROPHULARIACEAE............ 315 Scutellarias 7255.0 eee 309 WEG-OLE. cos ee ee ee ee 132 SCDZE 2 \ Seedy 66 Cage Ramil) 2 ey eee 65 Sedum. ie... c6/ tise eee 183 CCOSPLONIS. ee eee eee 16 Selaginella. ... 2. neeeee Oe 14 SELAGINELLACEAE: ... 250. Soe 14 SEMECIOlA seek eee 386 SENEGIONEAES..-)-42 eee ee 347 Sericocarpuseee acc eee 369 DEM1IGE DeTEVs ce eee eee: 200 RECDYS OFT Ela cea er ee 127 SHEPHETOLS (PUTSE) Ans ere 181 Sherardia 2 6 ..s .cen eee eee ee 334 DCLG) Fern) se nies a ee SHOGMMENSIOR: eee oe ek ee 283 Sibbaldias a ni5.%- 6 5... ee 210 Sidalcea® 2m se, foci eee ee eee 238 Sieversiane ee cea hae 207 Silene eM ad he aes eee 142 SUUCT HOP AG yeeros ere A7 Silyinumiaye ee ac. tae ce eee 394 SisymbniUndee ee ee ee ee 175 SisyminGhiins =e). 105 Sitanion:.:. sho bron ee ee ee eee WIRD SO PYUCE so 4 oni tee Sitit.: 7 scenic to ih eee SRUMCED x. sa ee ee Skunk Cabbage, Yellow......... Shunk Weed 2.0% sc ee ee Slender Wheat-grass............ Smartweeds se oa ee ee smooth Wald Oat.3 5. -2s5 0 SUOPDERS 4: en ee SUOWDETIV Sek Ae SOLANACEAE: 25. poses ee Solanum 2 ao oe be eee Solidagos.ceee tee Solomon's Seal, False.......... Sorrel, Mountawn..--000.. 2... Sparganiwm. 2.2 Spartina’) -282. 0a 30 3 eee DS PCOMNIUNE 5. FLEA Speculania® &=.an oe eee S Peed Well mart ce ee AOR Oe Spergulaya20.4.0e>.\s< oc Cee ee SPERMATOPHYTA... is 0ec005-.- Sphaerostigma-. ..22--s25.. 25 SPIRCMRUSND es ot ee Spiracas ee hear eee Spirodelas + 5. foe ee SPICenWOrl- eee oe COMMON aa ee ee SPU UCE se otic tei ee DougIaS Se a ee IS TER Gestetner ES DUT ON: OP eae on: 52 SS PUL IE HOM Vien a. ne DSDUPNES) pon.te tare cides: steers eee SS ULNT ED ROA erate ee ee Stachys? eee ede v.7 ee eee Staffiree Family... . x22 ee ESOT ={LOWENA ete heen ete SLUG TEDUTEL = os. afer ete tet Stipaha ee bie aia SE ONMSWORL eat eee ee St. Johnswort Family. ..0....5. SLONECT OP OP Lat acm ete ee Stonecrop Family.-.......2...:-% ————— INDEX. SERA WOELTN eres ee en nee 210 StrepltOpus asa r Senet 101 Struthiopterise:. os sekseerme eS SUDGU PINGS Hire le re ie nee 21 Subularianes. sete ae eee 178 STG oh Osmeake ne Gar ob on ae ae 20 Sulliwvamtiaewaeaetn sccee oe ees 192 SLURS Hee ee en oS Cac ole 182 DS UMCCUIMHONLI eens eetth es wei oae 182 AS WECLUILEN asia Arne. cas Sele eee 205 DS LEELA LCED Viernes e thet sist oo eee 259 BS LUCEL CLOUETArenys bce cio eles te ae 222 DS WECL COMSTOOL A accu te ae ae 382 BS LUCCER GOL Che menace tre ial os een 119 Sweet Gale Family............. 118 SSWECL VETNGl=OKUSS ss ths arse a) ok Sih Symiphoricarposte.s. a. 2. 338 Sivitllelaanteva. on os ie te o aipisaaeeals oc 321 SYNE CTR URE el eas re en eRe 188 NGUIRO Ot=O7 USS hese 2 ae oe eye 45 siamacetiiin: sees an Go ee aa 381 IPOH BSI sox Pes e. hcia eels pnd Se ae 381 ‘Raieb €Xopbovl, Pees 45 5c ots Be Oe 355 TEGO SE OE soo tp hea Rem 223 WMAPICEd Moe es ew 2 a SO0Se O2 BDASGEA CHAT eee. d. sscrsle wecaaaes 16 DE CUS acy eee een eo 16 WRCUSCL RUN Maan en atte, tian ere: 341 Weasel HAMUViet ceo sae ere (OL sleellanmat. Sone feo see ives, cto 194 pIevalesia con. ase Sates. ay oe oh ee Sul pinalictriaim.. sss sce sce sere 154 helypodiuime /f..25 5.22.2 - oe 173 ‘hermopsismea wd. s.ccees sonia foe 213 SeherotOmetetesan sce tac aes ee 192 I AQIBD A AAV ee ONS Ae 204 TE OOS RA Pe EA at Oe a AN, ER ce 394 DES AUD tage AN cane ee ello se 395 INCH IXOD. ore =e Seance a eRe eee 394 DRAUSS UCL11 teens eater 2 a) Sel a aes 133 ANGUS: Se ae EAPO? oe etree aa 360 PRTAS Ish es ioe teas os, ee fos 180 OTe INA Sete te ote a ey 200 WRU Geter PPE Cn ce Rea ee 287 Blin ity abenen pucker aR «Sate uty ers 18 shiysanocarpuSiase os ..2- <0. -4 oa 169 Witanellays cage Aees.c os sd or kee as 193 diadeland: Spruce: s. 20322 ..052 2D PACA artes aise esos desus 2 G5 ih 183 LOOPS) oo ee CE Te 38 WICH TOTES ea See oe ee 39 Tipton-weed.... 0.0.0... cess 240 “TGS oes Geena ude 145 HNOODGCORS Boo ten eke fos oes as ae oS mMomeldiay foie soe ee ne ces 100 Momnellanweee Nee ke sc es ne Bc 320 417 MOUCK=Me=NOb - n< 2 Ge. toes ch 236 piracoposonamoanjs.ceees «tec 352 ‘rautvietteriaes: ..h.8. 000. +6. 154 War CfOTmVICHLOW 2. «a0 < aes tose. 222. finichoOstema....... sneesdaahes 307 BINGAETIE ANS): icc cats ag’ hve pe ee ies 285 perhOlaUIMe 26 66 uc eee ens aie 218 siniGlochinke 2 ct eee 29 little. .? ee pea a ee 100 BIN ISECU IM aya eens coke Cee ee eee 47 WR OMMIS:, «hk. v<.o xo ee eae 162 BINS Ue erence lS Mista tae asvsslp neat One 2, TERA ee OR nee 84 Tumbleweed..............0005 135 Tumbling Mustard............. 176 Turkey Mullein............... 231 RUT DE 2, ha cies © ey hen HB OT 175 WROTE TLOTUCT team, ores ote age oe ce 338 pilates. © 24 Senkin. soe My Ree 24 HEVIPFFAGCEATB . 0 yi oes ease hal are 23 th (2 EO 217 UMBELLIFERAE............... 255 Wnitolivim. 22... cee. eee oe 104 Wisticar Wa ea cs keeles eee ee 122 WRIICACBAB... $226... 6ce. don 122 Witriemlaniag ees... 5. cee nee 3oz WaACCINGTUM o .e 2 «24.0 Se votes 276 Wapmerar er s.04 ages soa caeat - 103 Walletianl anne «oe voc) ete Oe ee 340 VALERIANACEAE......0......-- 339 Walerinellaw. 42. 8s 58 ea eee 340 Valerian Family.............. 339 Vancouveria..........-..--+-:s 164 Vanillazovass 222) eee 3f Vamilla-leaf +3... 5.0. ete 164 Veluet-O7 GS Sic. csi # ot rane eaten i ee 44 Venus’s Looking Glass.......... 344 Veratrum...) 0) se eee 103 AWistdayiielbhon ye set see oe oe 316 WVerbenaee:.. oe eee ee 305 VERBENACEAE................ 305 Verbena Family............... 305 WErONIGA sa eee ee ee Vervain................22.2.. 305 Veich te ee eee, VWetchitmg yaa we eee 22S Mibusnuine eee eee eee 337 Viclale eee ena, ee Vig neatet asin iirc anye atc alec aoe: 67 Vine Maple tee mee eee so LOD NiO laine eee woe bani cs Abe lene a 241 MIOGAGHAR,, coy fae, ace a awe oe 241 VaOlen ae eked acon bate Cees ace 241 Violet Family...........0..0... 241 418 INDEX. Wake Robins ae ssi: 100) Waldegjacinthasn sae 94 Wil Barley erat anne toes: 62 \WialdsBetince. wae ee oe eee 359 (LTT Ts ee aa cla a RUN ocean Pee 30: (Wad Manis... - set) Soest 308 WWashinctonid. a eri. ee a 259) Wald Radish a eee 168 VL ere Uther GAtD oe on le, whe 155-) 1. Willow ees aa ea om ee 113 Water Crowfoote- =. 2.2.8: 155% Pa cilows hain eee 112 WialernLlemlockanerie one aa 2.03" SWiallowilerd pen eee eee 246 serledpaecce nasa Deere seers 298° Wand flower ee nee ise) Waterleaf Family.............. 280. AVORGS A ocx Ses, Coots eee ee 151 Waierlily Family). ..........-* USO WioodsAnemonee ne 153 Wikater eV tl fot .tncue ce Ve ee 254” WOO “Beri A’. ete eager ae Water Milfoil Family.......... 253) % WOOURRAUS IE et ae eee 91 WialersPloniain. ceereor ic: aoe SO Woodsiawe. aaeirue icra aie Water Plantain Family......... Se Mina Siaddio sinless oma oe sec 230 Watershield sexe ace ce Silas ood: Sorrel lamily. see ee 229 Water: Starworl- eee ieee D3 DieeNVOOGWALGIA ss atid < he 7 vad reve ty ehhe beer th aitie Biase eactane eat ? Et begin eri el fen ry * Ah eat ay A teat Rated ere eats feet itos he gk ee pet sae estan \ “