9 1810b800. LOL AAT OL1NOHOL 40 ALISH3AINN - LEBRARY Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2008 with funding from Microsoft Corporation http://www.archive.org/details/floraofnorthwest01 howeuoft ats St ee ; eee FLORA OF NORTHWEST AMERICA. ee CONTAINING ~RIEF DESCRIPTIONS OF ALL THE KNOWN INDIGENOUS AND NATURALIZED PLANTS GROWING WITHOUT CULTIVATION NORTH OF CALIFORNIA, WEST OF UTAH, AND SOUTH OF BRITISH COLUMBIA. — BY THOMAS HOWELL. VOL. I. Py PHANEROGAM. S257 6 PH. a Be gt PORTLAND OREGON, AUE. 10th, 1903. ae one va ; ia ee : =~ “yf j'eolf > a ya eee j ; od, itt Preface.. All the territory of the United States of America soutb of the British boundary, except Oregon Washington and Idaho, being supplied with local Floras this work is intended to fill up the corner left out by other authors. As the writing of descriptions of plants at this late date is, to a great extent, writing or copying what others have previously done, it is hardly right to claim originality for work do: e in ‘hat field; I, therefor, wish to acknowlege that I have used the works of Torrey & Gray, Dr. Asa Gray, Sereno Watson. William Trelease Coulter & Rose, Edward L. Greene and others, amd tor save repetition (which would otherwise occur on every page) I wish to give full credit here to all authors, any portin cf whose works have been copied herein. Wherever possible descriptions have been drawn from speci- mens in hand, tut some I have been unable to procure and for these I have had no other alternative than to cepy frem descrip- ions already published. Believing that if a plant has on+ cons‘ant character that is different from any of its cogeners it is sufficient for a species; and that if a plant is sufficiently distinct from others to deserve a name it is tetter to have it described as a distinct s;ecies than as a variety of some other species, I have therefor, ra‘sed nearly all published varieties cf the region em! raced in this work to spacific rank. | sf 7 oe A FLORA OF NORTHWEST AMERICA. Serres I. CORMOPHYTA Enp.uicuer. Plants consisting of root and stem growing in opposite dir- ections, composed of regular cellular tissue traversed (except in the very lowest forms) by woody fibre. Stems increasing in size either at the apex and circumference simultaneously, or at the apex only, producing buds, and usually, distinct leaves at definite points and in regular order. Propagation effected by means of flowers and seeds, or spores. _ PHANEROGAME. Plants producing flowers and perfect seeds. CRYPTOGAME. Plants producing spores but not flowers. SuBsERIES 1. PHANEROGAM 2. Plants bearing flowers with one or more stamens and produc- ing seeds that contain an embryo. ANGIOSPERME. Ovule enclosed in an ovary, and fertilized through a stigma. i F GYMNOSPERME. Ovule not enclosed in an ovary and fertilized by direct application of pollen. ; : Crass 1. ANGIOSPERM &. . Pistil consisting of a closed ovary which contains the ovule and forms the fruit, and a more or less manifest style and stigma. EXOGENE: Stems with pith in the centre and the woody fibre in annual layers or rings: embryo usually with two opposite cotyledons. ENDOGEN#. Stems without pith, and. the woody fibre scattered irregu- larly : embryo with a single cotyledon. SupcLass 1. EXOGEN. Stem consisting of pith in the centre, bark on the outside, and these separated by one or more layers of fibrous or woody tissue which, when the stem lives for more than one year, in- creases by the addition of new layers outside next to the bark. Embryo usually with two opposite cotyledons. POLYPETALE. Petals distinct, rarely united at base or wanting. GAMOPETAL. Petals more or less united: very rarely wanting. APETALE. Petals always wanting. 2 SYNOPTICAL KEY. Drviston 1. POLYPETALA. Floral envelopes consisting usually of both calyx and corolla; the petals distinct or rarely united with each other, sometimes wanting. SYNOPTICAL KEY To tHe POLYPETALOUS ORDERS. § 1. stamens hypogynous, free from the calyx and the super- lor ovary. * Carpels solitary, or distinct. + Sepals and petals deciduous, rarely persistent in No.1. Leaves alternate or all radical, rarely opposite or whorled. 1 Ranunculaceex. Sepals 4 or more: petals as many and alternate with them or wanting: stamens usually numerous: carpels one to many: fruit achenes or follicles, or in Actxwa a berry. 2 Berberidacew. Parts of the flower in threes, in opposite ranks, distinct, (sepals and petals wanting in Ach/ys): anthers opening by valves: car- pel solitary, (a berry in Berberis). Sepals 3, petals 6, stamens many, carpels several, soon distinct, becoming linear torulose several-seeded pods: Plutystemon in Papaveracex. * * Ovary compound with parietal placente, or seeds covering the cell-walls. + Capsule many-celled, indehiscent: sepals and petals persistent. 3 Nympheacee. Parts of the flower indefinite, mostly numerous: seeds numerous, covering the walls of the cells. Aquatic herbs with entire plain leaves and solitary flowers. 4 Sarraceniacex. Sepals and petals 5. Acaulescent marsh perennials with odd-shaped leaves and solitary flowers. + + Valves of the capsule separating from the persistent placente. Sepals and petals persistent. ++ Seeds albuminous. 5 Papaveracex. Sepals 2 or 3, caducous: petals twice as many, alike: stamens numerous: capsule 2-several-valved, one- (rarely several) cell- ed. Herbs, or shrubs with mostly alternate leaves without stipules, and often colored juice. 6 Fumariacee. Flowers very irregular: sepals 2, small: petals 4, in 2 dis- similar pairs: stamens 6, diadelphous: capsule 1-celled, 2-valved, sev- eral to many-seeded. Herbs with alternate leaves without stipules. ++ ++ Seeds without albumen; flowers regular. 7 Crucifere. Sepals and petals 4: stamens 6, tetradynamous (rarely 4 or 2); capsule 2-celled, 2-valved, 2-many-seeded ; rarely 1-celled and inde- _hiscent. Herbs with alternate leaves: without stipules. 8 Capparidacee. ..Sepals.and.petals 4: stamens 6.or more, nearly equal: capsule 2-valved, 1-2-celled, 1-several-seeded. Mostly herbs with alter-. nate often stipulate leaves. | + + + Capsule 1-celled, several-carpelled, the valves not separating from the placente. ’ ++ Flowers irregular. 6 Violacew. fepals and petals 5: anthers 5, coherent: style 1, clayate: capsule 3-valved, many-seeded. Low herbs with alternate or radical stipulate leaves. SYNOPTICAL KEY. — 3 ++ + Flowefs régular: leaves without stipules. Sepals and petals 5,: styles, 2-parted: capsule 8-valved, many seeded. Low herbs with the leaves all radical. Droseracew. | Sepals and petals 5: stamens indefinite: styles 3: capsule 3-valved. Low herbs with opposite leaves. Hypericum in Hypericacez.. *** Ovary of 2-several carpels and central placente: stamens most- ly strictly hypogynous: sepals persistent. : + Flowers very irregular. : 10 Polygalacew. Capsule compressed, narrowly winged, 2-celled, 2-seed- ed: stamens 4-8, mznadelphour (united into a tube that is split on the upper side), or distinct: anthers 1-celled, opening at the top. + + Flowers regular: capsule 2-celled with free central placente: embryo curved around central albumen. 11 Caryophyllacex. Flowers mostly 5-merous; petals sometimes none: stamens 10 orfewer: styles 3-5, the capsule opening by as many or twice as many valves: ovules numerous. Herbs, rarely woody at base, with opposite leaves mostly without stipules. 12 Portulacacee. Sepals 2, 4-8 in Lewisia: petals 2-5or more: stamens few-many : style 2-cleft: ovules few or many ; capsule 2-3-valved or cir- cumscissile. + + + Flowers regular: ovary 2-several celled. ++ Capsule not lobed nor winged. = Stamens distinct or nearly so, not im fascicles. Sepals and petals 5, persistent: stamens many: style 5-lobed: capsule 5- celled, 5-valved, muny-seeded. Acaulescent marsh perennials with pitcher-shaped leaves and solitary flowers. Sarraceniacex. 18 Elatiniucex. Sepals and petals 2-5: styles distinct: capsule 2-5-celled, many-ovuled. .,/Low herbs with opposite leaves, membranous stipules, and axillary flowers. = = Stamens clustered at base into fascicles. 14 Hypericaceex. Sepals and petals 5: stamens numerous, in 3 fascicles: styles 3: capsule 3-celled, many-seeded. Herbs with opposite entire leaves without stipules, and yellow flowers in cymes. = = = Stamens monadelphous (united into a tube). 15 Malvacer. Calyx valvate: petals 5, united at base: stamens numer- ous; anthers 1-celled: carpels either in a ring 1-few-seeded and at length separating, or forming a 5-10-celled many-seeded capsule. Herbs or shrubs with alternate stipulate leaves. = = = = Stamens 5, not united. -16 Linacex. Flowers 5-merous: styles 2-5: capsule 2-5-valved, 4—10-cell- ed, 4-10,seeded. Low herbs with entire leaves and panicled flowers. Flowers 5-merous: petals none: styles 3: capsule 3-celled, several-seeded. Prostrate annual with entire verticillate leaves and axillary flowers. Mollugo in Ficoidee. ++ ++ Fruit lobed or winged: ovules | or 2 in each cell, pendulous. + = Plowers slightly irregular. — 17 Geraniacee. Sepals 5; imbricated in the bud : petals'5; mostly imbri- cated: stamens mostly 10: styles 5, coherent to an axis at length separ- ating from it: capsule 5-celled, the cells 2-ovuled but only 1 maturing. Herbs with opposite stipulate leaves and long-beaked carpels. = = Flowers regular. ~ tx. 18 Limnanthacee. Flowers 5-merous: sepals valvate and petals convo- lute in the bud: carpels fleshy, indehiscent, 1-ovuled.* Tender annuals 4 SYNOPTICAL KEY. with alternate dissected leaves without stipules. 19 Oxalidacew. Flowers 5-merous: sepals imbricated and petals mostly _ convolute in the bud: carpels combined into a 5-celled and few-many- ovuled capsule. Low herbs with sour juice and alternate or radical trifoliate leaves. = = = Flowers very irregular. . 20 Balsaminacex. Sepals 5, imbricated in the bud: petals 4, united in pairs, rarely 5 and distinct: fruit a 5-celled several-seeded capsule. Coarse succulent herbs with entire’ leaves Without stipules. ~ _ * ** * Ovary compound with central placent#: stamens borne up- on a more or less perigynous disk: flowers mostly polygamous or die- cious: calyx persistent or the limb deciduous::cells of the ovary 1-few- ovuled: seeds mostly erect or ascending and albuminous. 21 Celastracew. Flowers perfect, 4-5-merous: capsule 2-5-celled: seeds arillate. Shrubs with opposite pinnately veined leaves and no stipules. 22 Rhamnacee. Calyx valvate, the 4 or 5 lobes alternate with as many stamens, deciduous: petals often none: style often 4- or 5- lobed or cleft: fruit a berry, drupe-like, or dry, 1-4-celled. Shrubs or trees with simple leaves and small stipules. ' 23 Vitacew. Flowers 4-5-merous: calyx minute: petals valvate with a stamen at the base of each: fruit a 2-celled, 2-4-seeded berry. Woody vines climbing by tendrils. 24 Aceracex. Flowers dicecious or polygamous, often apetalous: styles 1-3: fruit, in ours, a double samara or a single follicle. Trees or shrubs with opposite, rarely alternate, leaves and mostly no stipules. 25 Anacardiacex. Flowers mostly 5-merous: stigmas 3: fruit a drupelet. Shrubs with milky juice and alternate leaves without stipules. § 2, Stamens perigynous (upon the calyx) or epigynous (upon the top of the ovary ). | * Ovary superior or nearly so. + Carpels:solitary or distitiet.” — . 26 Leguminose. Flowers mostly irregular: stamens 10, rarely fewer, mostly monadelphous (all united) or diadelphous (9 and 1): carpel soli- tary, becoming a legume. Herbs shrabs or trees with alternate stipu- late leaves. 27 Amygdalacew. Carpel solitary or rarely 5, becoming a drupe, entirely free from the calyx; ovules 2, pendulous: seed usually solitary. 28 Pomacer. Carpels 2-5, enclosed in the fleshy calyx-tube, with 2 erect ovules in each cell. Trees or shrubs with free stipules. 29 Rosacex. Flowers regular, mostly 5-merous, or the stamens usually numerous: carpels 1-many, becoming achenes. Herbs shrubs or trees with alternate, mostly stipulate leaves. + + Carpels united or free: seeds mostly albuminous: leaves sim- ple; stipules none, or adnate to the base of the petiole. 80 Saxifragacee. Flowers 5-merous; styles or tips of the carpels distinct and soon divergent; fruit a 2-celled capsule. Herbs with mostly alter- nate simpie leaves without distinct stipules. 81 Hydrangeacex. Flowers 5-merous: fruit a 3-5-celled capsule. Shrubs with opposite simple leaves without stipules. 32 Ribesiacer. Fiowers 5-merous: fruit a l-celled berry. Shrubs with alternate simple-leaves with adnate stipules or none. | 88 Crassulacee. Flowers 3 or 5-merous: stamens nearly hypogynous: carpels 3-5, becoming 1-many-seeded follicles. SYNOPTICAL KEY. — 5 34 Droseracex. Sepals and petals 5: styles 3, 2-parted: capsule 3-valved, many-seeded. Low marsh herbs with the leaves all radical and beset with gland-tipped hairs. 35 Ceratophyllaceew. Fruit a crustaceous 1-seeded achene. Submersed ve nae herbs with finely dissected whorled leaves and minute axillary owers. 36 Lythracex. Flowers 4- or 6-merous: style 1: capsule enclosed in the calyx, 2-4-celled, many-seeded. Herbs with mostly opposite leaves and axillary flowers. : * * Ovary wholly inferior. + Fruit with central placent: stamens few. ++ Not tendril-bearing and flowers not in umbels: stipules none. 37 Halorageex. Fruit indehiscent, nut-like, 1-4-celled; with a single sus- pended seed in each cell. Aquatic herbs with opposite or verticillate leaves and inconspicuous axillary flowers. | 38 Onagracee. Flowers 2- or 4-merous: calyx valvate in the bud; style 1; fruit a 2- or 4-celled capsule or berry-like. . ++ ++ Tendril-bearing herbs with alternate leaves without stipules. 89 Cucurbitacer. Flowers monccious or dicecious, often gamopetalous: fruit fleshy, indehiscent, 1-several-celled. + + Fruit with parietal placents, several-many-seeded: stamens many: stipules none. 40 Loasacee. Flowers perfect, conspicuous; style 3-cleft: capsule 1-cell- ed; leaves rough with tenacious hairs. 41 Ficoidez Sepals mostly 5; petals none; capsule 3-5-celled. 42 Cactacee. Sepals and petals numerous: stamens many: capsule 1-celled. Leafless, usually prickly, fleshy perennials. + + + Fruit indehiscent; dry, berry-like ,or drupe-like, mostly 2-celled, with a suspended seed in each cell: ovary with an epigynous disk (wanting in Garrya). ++ Flowers in umbels. 43 Umbelliferz. Carpels and styles 2: fruit dry. 44 Araliacew. Carpels and styles 4 or 5, becoming a berry-like fruit. ++ ++ Flowers in cymes or aments. 45 Cornacex. Inflorescence cymose: flowers perfect, 4-merous: style 1: fruit baccate, 2-3-celled. Herbs shrubs or trees with opposite leaves. 46 Garryacex. Flowersin aments, dicecious: sepals 4: petals none: styles 2: fruit baccate, 1-celled. Shrubs with opposite, simple leaves. Flowers perfect, cymose, 5-merous; petals imbricated, united: fruit baccate berries containing 1-5 seed-like nutlets. Sambucex. See er A ae bgt os) Se i ota s. - yet ar giyike ae pe 2. pdiad ia ping seu aad a or a om Pa Sedo La! M f tidak tere: AS as $ fOBNe Twa) Ha" ee SU Lip ehh 445 , bores spe she 7 MEPIS: adap hs Sie ail eacly cpee adetig Sith i rR shire Maron! sae Pte Die. aes oo } vc Specs ihe Shi eae been IG saiigye. je Y pce Rote is ston eseth ey Bigs OER: Bait ms pie ae ays a : ba - ma oe Shiels it Fig juan i ltt th Orver I. RANUNCULACEZ Endl. Gen. 843. Sepals 3-6 or more but usually 5, distinct, hypogynous, often beloved and petaloid. Petals i-several or none, hypogynous. Stamens indefinite in number, hypogynous, distinct. Ovaries usually numerous, sometimes few or solitary, distinct: ovules solitary or several. Fruit achenes or follicles or baccate. Seeds anatropous. Embryo minute, near the base of horny or fleshy albumen. Herbs or rarely shrubs with colorless usually acrid uice, alternate or rarely opposite leaves without stipules, the ety of the petiole generally dilated and partly clasping the stem. TRIBE I. Leaves opposite. Sepals valvate in the bud, petaloid. Petals very small or none. Fruit a head of hairy-tailed achenes. 1 Clematis,. Half-woody plants climbing by their petioles, or erect herbs, TRIBE 11. Sepals petaloid or greenish, imbricated in the bud. Fruit a head or spike of achenes. * Achenes in a more or less gloLular or obleng head. Sepals not spurred at base, petaloid. Petals none. . 2 Anemone. Sepals indefinite in »>umler, ‘eaves on the stem opposite, or whorled on or below 1-flowered peduncles. 3 Thaliectrum: Flowers mostly dicecious, panicled: leaves alternate, ternately decompound, * * Achenes numerous, in along and slenccr, or shert spike. Sepals _spurred at base. Petals present. 4 Myosurus. Petals slender; flowers, solitary on scapes. TRIBE Il. Sepals imbricate in the bud. Pistils numerous, be- coming achenes. Ovule solitary, ascending. Leaves alternate. 5 Trautvetteria. Flowers perfect, corymbosely panicled; sepals petal-. cid, soon deciduous; leaves alternate, palmately cleft. 6 Batrachium: Flowers perfect: pecuncles solitary, opposite the leaves: petals white with a naked nectariierous pit near the esa -achenes trans- versely wrinkled on the sides. 7 Ranunculus, Flowers perfect: peduncles axillary or terminal: petals mostly yellow, with a nectariferous spot or pit covered by a scale on the claw: achenes not wrinkled on the sides. TRIBE Iv. Sepals imbricated in the bud. Petals small or irreg- ular or none. Fruit 1-several follicles, or a 1-celled berry. Leaves alternate. * Fruit 1-several follicles. + Flowers regular; follicles 1-15. $8 Caltha. Sepals petaloid; petals none; leaves simple; carpels 5-15. 9 Trollius. Sepals 5-15, petaloid: petals 5-20, tubular at kase; follicles sessile; leaves palmately parted. 10 Coptis. Sepals 5-6, greenish : petals 5-6 enlarged in the middle or at the _ summit; carpels 5-10, stipitate: leaves compound, persistent. il Aquilegia. Sepals 5, colored: petals 5, all spurred backwards: carpels 5, ‘Sessile: leaves ternately compound. » A f 8 RANUNCULACEZ. CLEMATIS. + + Flowers irregular: follicles 1-5: leaves lobed or dissected. 12 Delphinium. Sepals 5, the upper one produced backwards into a spur: petals 4, the 2 upper ones produced backwards. 13 Aconitum. Sepals 5, the upper one arched into a hood: petals 5, the 3 lower ones minute or stamen-like. + + + Flowers regular: carpels 1-5: leaves compound. 14 [sopyrum. Sepals5, petaloid: petals 5, sometimes none: low herbs. 15 Cimicifuga. Sepals 5, petaloid, caducous: petals 5 or none; tall herbs. * * Fruit a 1-celled berry. 16 Actwa. Sepals 3-5, petaloid, caducous: petals 4-10, small, soon decidu- ous: leaves ternately compound. TriBE v. Sepals herbaceous, imbricated in the bud, persistent. Petals conspicuous. Carpels few, many-ovuled, becoming follicles. 17 Peonia. Herbs or shrubs with alternate compound leaves and large fleshy roots. Tribe 1. Clematidex DC. Sepals valvate in the bud. Stamens numerous, with adnate anthers. Curpels numerous, 1-ovuled, becom- ing -indehiscent hatry-tailed achenes. Ovule suspended. Herbs or trailing woody plants with opposite leaves. 1 CLEMATIS Tourn. Inst. 255. Linn. Gen. n. 696. Erect herbs or somewhat woody plants that climb by their petioles. Sepals 5, rarely more, colored, valvate or with the edges turned inwards in the bud. Petals shorter than the sepals or wanting. Stamens numerous with extrorse anthers. Style persis- tent, becoming plumous appendages of the compressed achenes. § 1. FrammuLa DC. partly. Flowers comparatively small and usually cymous-paniculate, white or whitish, in ours diccious. Sepals petaloid, thin, widely spreading. Petals none. Anthers mostly short, blunt. -(. ligusticifolia Nutt. T. & G. Fl. i, 9. Somewhat pubescent: stems. 2-30 feet long: leaves quinate to quinate-ternate: leaflets oblong, acute, mostly somewhat lanceolate-cuneate, incisely lobed and trifid, 2- 6 inches long: flowersin paniculate corymbs: sepals thin, silky, white, 4-6 lines long, equaling the stamens: achenes pubescent, tails 1-2 inches long Along streams, from N. Cal. to Brit. Columbia and the Rocky Mountains. C. brevifolia. C. ligusticifolia var. brevifolia Nutt. T. & G. Fl. 4, 9. Stems woody, climbing over brush-and cliffs, 3-18 feet long: leaves nearly smooth, mostly 5-foliate, somewhat coriaceous; leaflets broadly ovate to lanceolate-ovate, acute or acuminate, usually 3-lobed and coarsely toothed: sepals white, thin, 4-6 lines long, equaling the stamens: achenes densely pubescent: silky-white tails 1-2 inches long. Along streams, from the Blue Mountains in Oregon to Brit. Columbia. ; C. Suksdorfii Robinson in Gray’s Syn. Fl.i4. Leaves quinate, glab- rous; leaflets 1-14 inches long: sepals widely spreading or reflexed in anthesis, velvety-pubescent on the outside: heads of fruit small and few- carpelled, not over an inch in diameter at full maturity pagers the curling tails : pubescence of the young achenes woolly or felt-like, the hairs crinkly, not straight nor silky as in C. ligusticifolia: mature achenes with broadly ovate nearly orbicular body and filiform sparsely pubescent tails. Klickitat river Washington, coilected and first recognized as distinct by W. M. Suksdorf July 16th. 1881. . ‘CLEMATIS. RANUNCULACE£. 9 § 2 Viorna Spach. Flowers large, hermaphrodite, solitary and mostly nodding on rather long peduncles. Petals none. Anthers long and slender, pointed. Filaments hirsute or pubescent. Ours herbaceous perennials. C. Douglasii Hook. Fl. i, 1. t.1. Stems simple or branched, more or less villous, woolly at the joints: leaves 2-3-pinnatifid with linear to linear- lanceolate segments: flowers nodding, on erect naked peduncles that elon- gate in fruit: sepals thick, pubescent, more or less spreading and woolly at the apex, deep purple inside, paler externally. High mountsins, E.* Ore- gon to Brit. Columbia and the Rocky Mountains. C. Scottii Porter Fl. Col. 1. More or less villous with soft spreading hairs; bushy, branching froma suffrutescent base; branches erect, 9-18 inches high; leaves opposite, on rather long petioles, large, pinnate, with some or all of the divisions: 3-5-parted or 3-5-foliate; lobes or leaflets ob- long or ovate-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, 4-5 lines broad by an inch long; some upper leaves with distinctly tortuous partial petioles: flowers axillary and terminal, nodding, on peduncles 3-6 inches long: sepals 4, ovate, with reflexed summits, nearly an inch long, dark- or brownish-pur- ple. thickish, more or less tomentose outside: achenes silky-pubescent, with densely plumose tails 1-14 inches long. Beaver Canyon Idaho to southern Colorado. § 38. ATRAGENE DC. Flowers large, hermaphrodite, solitary on naked peduncles. Sepals much exceeding the stamens and pistils, spreading from the base, thin, petaloid. Anthers short, on long pubescent filaments: usually some of the outermost filaments enlarging to small spatulate petals. Half-woody plants that climb by the petioles. 3 ; €. verticillaris DC. Syst. i, 166. Stems slender, somewhat woody, al- most glabrous; leaves ternate; leaflets petiolulate, ovate.or subcordate, ab- ruptly acuminate: flowers solitary, bluish-purple, 2-3 inches across. In mountains from Idaho northward, and eastward to the Atlantic States. C. Columbiana T. & G. Fl. i. 11, Stems somewhat woody: leaves ter- nate ; leaflets petiolulate, ovate, acute, obscurely crenulate: flowers solitary 1-2 inches broad, pale blue ; sepals ovate, acuminate, nearly twice the length of the stamens. Wild Horse Plains Washington to the Rocky Mountains and Brit. Columbia. C. ochotensis Poir. Suppl. ii, 298. C, alpina var. occidentalis Gray. Stems woody, trailing: leaves biternately divided, with ovate or oblong-lan- ceolate acuminate, often 3-lobed, irregularly toothed segments : sepals 4, lance -ovate, purplish-blue: spatulate and petaloid staminodes few and usually with rudiments of anthers, or none: carpels glabrous with very finely plumose tails 14g inches long. Washington to the Rocky Mountains and Dakota. Tribe 2. Anemonex DC. Sepals petaloid or greenish, imbricated in the bud. Pistils nwmerous, becoming achenes. Ovule suspended. Herbs with the leaves all radical, or alternate, or whorled below I- several-flowered peduncles. 2 ANEMONE Tourn. Inst. 275. L Gen. n. 696. ed. 4 Erect perennial herbs with lobed or divided leaves which are all radical except those that form an involucre below the flower. Sepals 4-20, coloredand petaloid. Petals none. Ovaries num- erous; style short; stigma lateral; ovule suspended. Achenes 10 RANUNCULACE. ANEMONE. compressed, pointed, or ending in long feathery tails. § 1. Preonarnuus, DC. Prod. i. 17 Involucre of 2 or 3 more or less petiolate and petiolulate leaves. Flowers large, solitary. Sep- als thin, widely spreading. Carpels with long filiform styles that become plumose tails to the achenes. A. occidentalis Watson Proc. Am. Acad. xi, 121. More or less silky- villous throughout: stem stout, 6-18 inches high: radical leaves large, long-petioled, biternate and pinnate; involucral leaves similar, uearly ses sile: sepals: €-8, 6-9 lines long, white, or purplish at base. On high moun- tains near perpetual snow, California to Alaska and the Rocky Mountains. § 2. EUANEMONE Gray Syn. Fl. 1, 8. Cuarpels with short and not plumose styles. Involucre petioled. peduncle solitary. * Style short, nearly naked, not becoming elongated. + Carpels numerous, in a close head, villous. | A. Drummondii Watson Pot. Cal. ii, 424, * paringly pubescent; stems slender, from tuited rootstocks, 2-15 inches high: radical leaves on long etioles, ternate; leaflets deeply 3-5 lobed, the narrow segments 2-3-cleft: involucral leaves similar, nearly sessile, with a slightly narrowed base: sepals 5-7, pale blue, 4-5 lines long, silky-villous outside: style slender, glabrous: achenes densely villous. On the highest mountains near per- petual snow, Washington and Oregon to orthern California. A, mullifida Poir. Suppl. i, 864. Somewhat silky-villous: stems 3-15 inches high: radical leaves long petioled, nearly semicircular in oatline, ternate, the sessile divisions deeply lobed with cleft linear segments: invo- . lucral leaves similar, shortly aried: sepals 5-8, red or bluish or whitish, . 4—65 lines long, villous outside: receptacle oblong, the head in fruit globular - to oblor.g; achenes densely woolly, ovate-oblong, with a straight beak. On high mountains, Oregon to Alaska and the Eastern States. A. Tetonensis Porter in Britton An. N. Y. Acad. Sci. vi. 224. Nearly elated to the last but lower and more slender : leaf-segments somewhat broad- er, cbtusish. glabrate : flowers deep purple: achenes dorsally glabrate. Idaho Teton Range 10,0C0 feet J. M. Coulter, and Needle Peak of Lost River Moun- tains, V. Bailey. Robinson in Gray, Syn. Fl. i, 10. + + Carpels fewer, pubescent but not villous. A. deltoidea Hook FI. i, 6,t. 2. Stem simple, slender, 6-l4inches high, from long running root stocks: radical leaves trifoliate; leaflets rhomboid, crenate-serrate; involucral leaves rhomboid or rhombic-ovate, on ve short petioles, serrate and sometimes 3-lobed: sepals about 5, white, oval. 4-6 lines long, usually unequal: achenes few globose-ovoid, tipped with the short style, Common in wooded districts, N. California to Brit. Col. A. Oregana Gray Proc. Am. Acad. xxii, 508. moothish: stem slender, :-12 inches high from a fleshy, very brittle, somewhat runnin root-stock : radical leaves trifoliate, the leaflets coarsely serrate ; inyvoluecra leaves long-petioled, trifoliate, the terminal leaflet 3-lobed, the lateral ones usually 2-lobed, all coarsely toothed and cut: sepals 4-7, oval to obovate, blue: carpels 15-20, oblong, tipped with a hooked beak. Moist shady slopes, western Oregon and Washington. A. Lyallii Britton 1. c. 227. A. quinquefolia var. Lyallii Robinson 1. c. 13. Stem slender, 2 to4 inches high: leaves trifoliate; leaflets ovate to lanceo- late, obtuse or acute, obtusely toothed: flowers small, a third to balf inch in diameter, pale blue or whitish. | From Vancouver Island to the Willamette valley and the Redwoods of California. ANEMONE. RANUNCULACE2. I Cased tone carte ces Sab eee | A. trifolia L. Sp. i, 540. Involucral leaves with rare exceptions regular- ly trifoliate; leaflets ovate-lanceolate; rather regularly serrate, large, in well de- veloped specimens 2 to 8 inches long, and more than an inch wide; radical leaves subsimilar, but sometimes 5-foliate: peduncle long and slender, usu- ally more than 2 inches in length: flowers large, 15 to 16 lines in diameter: sepals white or pinkish: carpelsin a globular head. Idaho, Sandberg, to the Atlantic States and Europe. § 3. OmaLocarpus DC. Style short, not plumose. Mature ach- enes smooth, orbicular, much compressed, wing-margined. Invo- lucre sessile, palmately parted or cleft, Peduncles 1-several. A. narcissiflora L. Sp. i, 542. Villous: radical leaves palmately 3-5- parted ; segments cuneiform, incisely many-cleft into linear lobes: involu- cral leaves similar, 3-5-cleft, sessile: peduncles several, umbelled, leafless: sepals white: carpels roundish-oval, much compressed. Alpine: Idaho to | Alaska and the Rocky Mountains. : 3 THALICTRUM Tourn. Inst. 270. L. Gen. n. 597. Tall, usually smooth perennial herbs with 2- or 3-ternately compound leaves and dic-cious or polygamous flowers in panicles. Sepals 4-8, white or greenish, petaloid. Petals none. Stamens several ; with linear anthers on rather long almost. capillary fila- ments. Pistils few-several, becoming ribbed or veined achenes _ that are tipped: with the persistent style. T. sparsiflorum Turcz. in F. & M. Ind. Sem. i, 40; Stem firm, erect, 1- 6 feet high, with ascending branches: leaves 3-ternate, ample, the lowest petioled ; leaflets approximate, short-petioled, thinnish, round- or spatulate- oblong, 3-15 lines long, slightly cordate at base, divided above into 3 obtuse or short-acuminate lobes that are again incised: flowers perfect, not large, erect or soon nodding on slender pedicels in a short, branched, leafy pani- cle: sepals obovate, whitish, soon reflexed: stamens 10-25, the short ex- serted filaments widened to the pointless elliptical anthers: achenes 9-15, — short-stipitate, obliquely obovate, with 4 or 5 low, often forked nerves on each side.. From the mountains of California to Alaska and Colorado. T. polycarpum Watson Bot. Cal. ii, 424. Stout, 3-8 feet high, glab- rous; leaves with short petioles or the upper sessile; leaflets variable, 3-12 lines long, 3-lobed with acute or acuminate lobes: panicle narrow: flowers dicecious ; the staminate usually crowded, on short pedicels; anthers acute, on very slender filaments: fruit in dense heads; achenes compressed, 3-5 lines long, on a short stipe. obovoid, turgid, tapering into a reflexed beak their thin walls with free, or anastomosing low veins: seed slender, terete, 2 lines long. Along small streams from the Columbia river to California. T. Fendleri Engelm. in Gray Pl. Fendl.5. Stems 1-3 feet high, with 3 105 cauline leaves, the lower ones petioled; the stalked remote leaflets often deeply cordate with three divergent lobes, the central or all of them again lobed, their divisions rounded or mucronate-pointed : flowers dicecious; stamens numerous; anthers linear, | --2 lines long, mucronate;akenes féw 10 numérous in the heads, snbstipitate, 2--3 lines long, obliquely oval or with the dorsal su- ture straightish, thin-walled, flattened, with 8 to 10 prominent nearly parallel ribs the median heaviest, not filled by the oblong or linear seed. From the Siskiyou mountains, in southern Oregon, to Arizona, New Mexico, and the Rocky Mountains. T. venulosum Trelease Proc. Bost. Soc. xxiii, 302. Glabrous and glau- cous. the stem, petioles and sepals purple-tinted, the foliage typically pale ot whitened: stem simple, erect, 7-20 inches high: stem leaves 2 or 3, long 12 RANUNCULACE. THALICTRUM. . MYOSURUS. petioled, 3-4-ternate; leaflets approximate, petiolulate, moderately firm, rounded and lobed at the apex, rugose-veiny beneath: panicle simple, nar- row, its short erect branches few-flowered: flowers dicecious, small; sepals ovate: stamens 10-20, on slender filaments; anthers oblong, slender-point- ed: achenes. about 8, nearly sessile, 2 lines long, ovoid, tapering into a straight beak, thick-walled, 2-edged. with 4 or 5 longitudinal grooves and rounded ridges on each side: seed ovoid, pointed at one end, filling the achene. Klickitat Co, Washington to Brit, Columbia and Wyoming. | — T. occidentale Gray Proc. Am. Acad. viii, 872. Stem slender, 1-3 feet high; leaves 2-4-ternate, the lowermost petioled; leaflets thin, 2-10 lines long, 3-9-lobed at the summit, sparingly glandular-puberulent beneath: flowers dicecious, rarely polygamous, nodding, on very slender pedicels, in an ample open panicle: filaments purplish, slender; anthers linear, cuspi- date: achenes 1-10 in each head, lanceolate or somewhat falcate, 4-7 lines long, tapering below into a short stipe, and’above into a long one-sided curved beak, acutely 8-10 ribbed. Along streams, and moist shady places, — Brit. Columbia to California, west of the Cascade Mountains. ( 4 MYOSURUS Dillenius Giess. 106, t. 4. L. Gen. n. 394. Little annuals with linear or linear-spatulate entire leaves, and solitary flowers on simple scapes. Sepals 5 or 6, spurred at base. Petals as many as sepals, on long claws, with a pit at the summit. Stamens 6-20. Achenes witha proininent costa terminating in an erect or more or less spreading beak, numerous on a slender or conical receptacle. Ovule suspended. M. minimus L. Sp. i, 284. Leaves linear: scapes 1-4 inches high. about equaling the leaves; receptacle in fruit an inch or more high: achenes quadrate with a broad back, truncate at the apex; beak short, appressed: seed oval. In wet places, Willamette valley to California and the Atlantic States and Europe. ; M. apetalus Gay Hist. Chil. Bot. i, 31, t. 1, fig. 1. Scapes 1-2 inches high, usually spreading, but little surpassing the linear leaves; petals often’. wanting: spike of achenes 3-10 lines long, ovoid-oblong and more or less squarose, or cylindrical: achenes oblong, thin-walled, with narrow, prom- inently carinate back prolonged into a spreading or ascending beak: seed oblong. In alkaline places, California to Brit, Columbia east of the Cascade’ Mountains: also Chili. . “ ae M. lepturus. M. apetalus var. lepturus, Gray, Bull. Torr. Club, wiii, 2. Scapes in fruit 3-6 inches high, erect, surpassing the linear-spatulate leaves : receptacle in fruit 8-24 lines high: achenes with broad, distinctly carinate back, and short, appressed beak: seed elongated-oblong, Common in wet places, from California to Brit. Columbia and the Rocky Mountains. M. sessilis Watson Proc. Am. Acad. xvii, 362. capes very short or none: fruiting heads several, crowded, much shorter than the leaves: rec- eptacle short and thick, often sessile, 1-6 lines long by 1-2 lines thick at base ; achenes oval, scarious-utricular, with narrow salient keel, and subu- late, erect beak: seed short-oval. A rare species, the only locality known, heing an alkaline flat seven miles south of Arlington Oregon. Tribe 3. Ranunculee, DC. Sepals imbricated in the bud. Pistils numerous, rarely few, 1-ovuled, becoming achenes. Ovule ascending. Herbs with alternate cauline leaves 5 TRAUTVETTERIA Fischer & Meyer Ind. Sem. 1835, 22. Herbs with palmately lobed alternate leaves, and small flowers in terminal corymbose panicles. Sepals usually 4, concave, petal- ) ; 4 j : - TRAUTVETTERIA. RANUNCULACEZ. 13 _. BATRACHIUM. oid: Petals none. Pistils numerous; capitate, becoming inflated, 4-angled membranaceous achenes. " T.: grandis Nutt. in T. & G. Fl. i, 37. Stem slender, 1-3 feet high: leaves few, thin, radical long-petioled, cauline short-petioled, all deeply 5- 7-lobed with irregularly laciniate-toothed, acuminate lobes; flowers white: achenes a little more than a line long, broadly gibbous at base, rather abr- uptly beaked by the slender revolute meee Along streams in the Cascade ountains from California to Brit. Colurhbia. . , 6 BATRACHIUM §.F. Gray Brit. Pl. ii, 720. Aquatic herbs with the submersed leaves if any finely dissected ‘into capillary divisions. Sépals 5, plain. Petals white with yel- low base, and a naked nectariferous spot on the claw of each. A- chenes transversely wrinkled on the sides. Peduncles solitary, opposite the leaves. B. aquatile Du Mortier Bull. Bot. Soc. Belg. ii, 207. Ranunculus aqu- atilis L, Glabrous: stems 6-20 inches long: floating leaves round-reniform, 5-9 lines in diameter, 3-5-lobed. the lobes coarsely crenate-toothed: pedun- cles thicker than the petioles, 8-10 lines long, spreading or recurved in fruit: sepals deciduous: flowers white, 5-10 lines in diameter: style subulate, not longer than the ovary, introrsely stigmatic: receptacle hairy: achenes reticulated, short-beaked. In ponds and shallow streams,. California to Alaska, Europe and Asia, B. trichophyllum Bosch Prodr. Fl; Bat..5.-Ranunculus aquatilis var. trichophyllus Gray. Annual: stems coarsely filiform, 2-20 inches long: leaves all sabmersed, round-reniform in outline, cut into numerous capillary segments which are 4-10 lines long, short-petioled: peduncles 1-2 inches long, longer than the petioles: flowers 3-5 lines in diameter: style subulate, shorter than the ovary introrsely stigmatic: receptacle hairy; achenes several, in.a close globular head, glabrous obliquely oblong. In ponds and ditches: Oregon and Washington and across the continent. ei B. Lobbii. Ranunculiis Lobbit Gray. -Glabrous annual: stems 6-12 inch- es long: leaves commonly all floating, 3-9 lines wide, truncate or cordate at base, deeply 3-lobed, middle lobe usually elliptical and entire, the later- al ones usually..oblong and. with a broad. notch in the apex; submersed _ leaves none or rudimentary: peduncles opposite the upper leaves, thicker than the petioles 6-8 lines long: sepals a line long, persistent: petals 2 lines long, obovate-oblong: stamens 5-9: style long and filiform, with a small terminal stigma: receptacle glabrous: achenes 4-6, finely rugose, obovate, about a line long, embraced by the persistent calyx. In pools that go dry in summer, Oregon and California. 7 RANUNCULUS Tourn. Inst. 285. L. Gen. n. 699. Herbs with alternate, entire or variously lobed leaves, and sol- itary or scattered flowers. Sepals 5, plain, commonly colored and reflexed. Petals 1-15, usually broad and conspicuous, with a small pit or spot covered by a scale, on the claw inside. Achenes usually numerous, in a globose to oblong head, usually flattened, and beaked with the persistent style, not transversely rugose on the sides. Ovule ascending. PEER § 1 Hatopes Gray Proc. Am. Acad. xxi, 366. Mature carpels thin-walled aud utricular, compressed, striate with several simple or sparingly branched nerves. Petals yellow with a nectariferous scale near the base, deciduous with the sepals. 14 . RANUNCULACE. RANUNCULUS. od Sse R. Cymbalaria Pursh F. ii, 392. »Flowering* stems’3+6 inches leng,.1— 7-flowered : leaves broadly oyate or ovate-cordate, coarsely crenate, cluster- ed at the base and joints of the long filiform rooting runners: petals yellow, 2 lines long, longer than the sepals: mature achenes a line long, striate- veined on the sides, apex blunt, with a short oblique beak: heads oblong, 2-6 lines long. In wet saline places; California to Alaska and the Atlantic States. | er sees § 2 EuranuncuLus Gray l.c. Mature carpels crustaceous or firm-coriaceous, the sides nerveless. Petals usually yellow, with a nectariferous spot or pit and scale near the base. * Amphibious, the submersed leaves cut into numerous filiform di- visions: petals yellow, with a broad scale at the base: achenes with a — broad white caruncle. R. delphinifolius Torr. in Eat. Man. ed. 4, 424. ? Glabrous: annual: stems floating, a foot or two long: submersed leaves dissected into several- times forked capillary divisions; emersed leaves round or reniform, yari- ously lobed or cleft: peduncles stout, 2 inches or more long: petals 5-8, 4-6 lines long, much longer than the sepals; scale 44 as long as its petal, inrol- led and its edges joined together for half its length:*achenes aha margined, and pointed with a stout curved beak. In ponds that are dry art of each year, Western Oregon and Washington. R. limosus Nutt. T. & G. Fl. i, 20. Subaquatic, soft-villous, procumbent : leaves reniform, palmately 5-cleft, the segments 2-3-toothed or somewhat lobed, the divisions blunt, short and shallow; stems 1-2-flowered: petals ~ 3 lines long, rounded, longer than the sepals: achenes small, scarcely keel- ed, with a short,-nearly straight, subulate beak. Margins of brackish lakes, plains of Idaho and Utah. ' ; spat * * Subaquatic, with entire or merely denticulate or crenulate, peti- oled leaves; petals 5 or more; achenes in a globular head, subulate- beaked. R. reptans L. Sp. 549. R. Flammula var. reptdns Meyer Pl. Lab. 96. Stems filiform, creeping and rooting at the joints, 4-12 inches long: leaves lanceolate to linear, acute at both ends, glabrous, entire: flowers 2-5 lines wide ; petals obovate: achenes barely a line long, roundish-oyate, hipped with a slender curved beak. Common in wet places, Oregon to Alaska, New York and Canada. R. microlonchus Greene Eyth. iii, 122. Perennial, the rather lerge cluster of fleshy-fibrous roots supporting a tuft of erect lanceolate leaves anda single slender tortuous, often partly reclining, leafy and few-flowered stem: leaves all entire, acute at both ends, the radical 1-2 inches long, on slender petioles as long, narrowly lanceolate, nearly glabrous above, but rather densely appressed-pubescent beneath ; cauline few, relatively some- what broader, with short petioles or subsessile: flowers 1-several, yellow, 4 lines broad: sepals spreading: petals 5-8, obovate, obtuse; achenes few, in a depressed-globose head, obliquely obovoid, slightly narrowed at base, tipped with a short stout blunt style, moderately compressed, marginless, smooth and glabrous. Collected Be E. L. Greene in N. Idaho, Aug. 1889. R. Unalascheensis Bess. in Ledeb. Fl. Ross. i, 32. R. Flammula var. intermedius Hook. Fl. i, 11. Stems decumbent and creeping, 4-12 inches long leaves ‘all lanceolate’ or linear-lanceolate; entire’ or’ nearly so, 1-2 inches long, tapering below into the petiole: petals obovate, 2-3 lines long; achenes roundish-ovate, with a short oblique beak, in small globular heads. In wet places, Idaho to Alaska. ? R. samolifolius Greene Pitt. iii, 13. Stems several from a perennial root, weak, somewhat flexuous and half reclining, 6-10 inches long, leafy throughout, simple and 1-flowered or branched and several-flowered : her- RANUNCULUS, RANUNCULACE. 15 bage light green, glabrous or nearly so, leaves all entire, obtuse, radical ones oblanceolate, long-petioled, 2-4 inches long; cauline lanceolate to _obovoid or oval, the upper ones with very short dilated and thin sheath- like petioles: sepals roundish, spreading, thin: petals 5-8, broadly obovate, 2-3 lines long, golden yellow: achenes obovate, moderately compressed, obscurely margined, obliquely tipped with a short style. Very common in wet places in the Willamette valley, and from W. Washington to the Sier- ra Nevada Mountains in California, R. Gormani Greene Pitt. iii, 91. Stems several, from a fascicle of per- ennial, thick but slenderly tapering fleshy-fibrous roots, simple, prostrate at base, rooting and bearing leaves at 2-3 nodes, the terminal part naked, ascending and scapiform, bearing a solitary small flower: leaves broadly ovate or deltoid-ovate, acute, coarsely few-toothed, 6-9 lines long, glabrous, on almost filiform somewhat pilose-hairy petioles 1-3 inches long: petals 5, oblong, obtuse, twice the length of the spreading sepals: achenes small, glabrous, moderately compressed, with a slender curved beak as long as the body. Collected by Mr. M. W. Gorman on wet banks at Cathedral Springs, Crater Lake, southern Oregon, Aug. 22nd, 1896. R. alismellus Greene Fl. Fr. 297. R. alismefolius var. alismellus Gray. Glabrous ; stems slender 2-12 inches long: radical leaves ovate or elliptical to oblong or cordate, 6-15 lines long, on long slender petioles; cauline 1-2 or none, narrower, subsessile: flowers solitary, 4-7 lines broad, on long slender peduncles: achenes few, the mature ones unknown. In wet mead- ows on the highest mountains, Washington to California. R. Populago Greene Eryth. iii, 19. R. Cusickii. Jones Proc. Cal. Acad. new series +. 615. Stem solitary, from a fascicle of fibrous roots, erect, leafy, the whole plant flaccid and glabrous, 6-10 imches high: leaves thin- membranaceous, from round-reniform to cordate-ovate, obtuse, entire or obscurely crenate, long petioled; the cauline smaller, ovateand ovate-lanceo- late, sessile: peduncles many, slender, longer than the cauline leaves to which they are axillary: flowers yellow, 4 lines broad: petals 5-6, obovate- ‘oblong: heads of rather numerous thick short-pointed achenes small, glo- bose or depressed-globuse. Mountains of eastern Oregon and Idaho. R. Bolanderi Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. ii, 58. Glabrous throughout or the peduncles and calyx pubescent: stem stout, erect, 1-3 feet high: leaves lanceolate, sparingly callous-denticulate, obtuse, the lower ones with blade 4-6 inches long on petioles 5-12 inches long, the cauline ones few nd short-petioled or subsessile ; petals broadly obovate 3-5 lines long, twice as long as the rounded spreading sepals; scales minute: achenes smooth, moderately compressed, pointed with a slender beak, crowded in a com- pact ovoid head. In wet places, Willamette valley to northern California. _ * * * Terrestrial species with at least some lobed or divided leaves, and no stoloniferous rooting or creeping stems except in R. repens. + Radical leaves few, only lobed: achenes turgid and dorsally roun- ded, in a globose head. R. glaberrimus Hook. Fl. i, 12, t.5, Fig. A. Glabrous: stems weak, 2-6 inches long, erect or decumbent: leaves all petioled, radical broadly oval, rounded and coarsely toothed or lobed at the apex; cauline subcu- neate, trifid or entire:. petals 5, obovoid, 4-6 lines long, twice the length of the oval spreading sepals: achenes plump, puberulent, slender-beaked, in large globose heads. In wet places, eastern Washington and north- ward: flowering in very early spring. R. ellipticus Greene Pitt. ii, 110. Very glabrous: stems several, 2-3 inches high, from a large fascicle of perennial fleshy-fibrous roots: radical leaves elliptical, entire, acutish at both ends, the petiole equaling the blade; the cauline narrower, often cleft into 2-3 linear divisions: petals often wan- ting, sometimes 1 only, or 5, large, broudly obovate or more rounded, bright 16 RANUNCULACE. RANUNCULUS. yellow: achenes numerous. in a large globose head, plump, smooth, tip ed with a short curyed beak: peduncles recurving in fruit until the hentla rest on the ground. In wet places from the Blue Mountains of Oregon to eastern California and the Rocky Mountains. |. R. digitatus Hook. Kew Misc. iii, 124, t.4. Less than a span high from ‘a cluster of short aud downwardly tuberous-thickened roots; glabrous: leaves few, petioled, entire and lanceolate, or digitately or somewhat pedately lobed the 3 to 5 segments narrowly lanceolate or oblong-spatulate. obtuse: flowers 2 or 3, terminal, 5 to 10 lines in diameter,. with 5 to 11 oblong-spatulate petals: fruit subglobose, akenes beaked with the subulate recurved style.. Mountains of southern Idaho Nevada, Utah, and Wyoming, + + Leaves all 2-4-ternately parted or divided into numerous nar- row divisions: achenes turgid, subulate-beaked, dorsally marginless, smooth or nearly so. Low perennials with fibrous-fascicled roots. R. triternatus Gray Proc. Am. Acad. xxi, 370. Stems ascending, 2-6 inches long: leaves usually triternately divided and parted ; primary divi- ions petiolulate, lobes filiform-linear to linear-spatulate, obtuse: inflores- cence secund: peduncles stout, 2 inches.long, at length recurved and the heads resting on the ground: petals broadly obovate, 4-6 lines long: achenes very turgid, rounded on the back, slender-beaked, the head glo- bose with a thick globular receptacle. Klickitat Co. Washington, on the highest hills opposite the Dalles; flowering in very early spring. R. eximius Greene Eryth. iii, 19. Radical leaves very few, often only one, on short stout petioles 1-2 inches long, the blade of cuneate-oboyate or almost flabelliform outline deeply about 7-lobed at the broad summit, otherwise entire: upper cauline leaves sessile, broadly cuneiform, an ineh long, cleft to the middle into about 5 lanceolate or broadly linear lobes: periphery of the expanded large corolla quite circular by the overlapping of the numerous broadly obovate or almost obcordate yellow petals. Al- pine or subalpine, Idaho and Wyoming to the Rocky Mountaine. + + + Leaves mostly cleft or more divided, some radical ones un- divided but at least crenate or dentate: achenes turgid or lenticular, marginless: high mountain perennials with rather large flowers. R. Suksdorfii Gray Proc. Am. Acad., xxi, 371. Glabrous:. stems 4-10 inches high from a fascicle of fleshy-fibrous roots, 1-3-flowered ; leaves small, somewhat reniform, 3-5-cleft or parted, divisions of the radical ones 3-5- cleft or incised, of the cauline linear; petals round-obovate, retuse, 4-6 lines, long, deep yellow: achenes glabrous, turgid-lenticular, acutish-edged, tipp- ed with an almost filiform long-style. In damp ground on Mount Adams, Washington at 6000 to 7800 feet elevation. R. Esehscholtzii Schlecht. Animad. Ranunce, ii, 16, t,1. Stems ascen- ding, 6-12 inches long, 1-3-flowered : leaves roundish in outline; radical all 3-5-parted or deeply cleft, and their obovate or cuneate divisions mostly lobed or incised; cauline similar or with oblong to spatulate or lanceolate and often entire divisions: petals 3-6 lines long: achenes peat: with slender-subulate and mostly straight style of more than half their length; heads oblong. Alpine, in the Cascade Mountains to Alaska and the Rocky Mountains. R. cardiophyllus Hook. Fl. i, 14, t.5. Hirsutely pubescent: stems robust, 10-12 inches high: radical leaves round-cordate, coarsely crenate to 3-7-cleft; cauline nearly sessile, palmately many-cleft, the linear lobes incisely crenate: petals golden yellow, broadly oval, very obtuse, twice as long as the spreading sepals: achenes small, roundish, tipped with a long hooked style. On high mountains, Oregon to Alaska, Canada and the Rocky Mountains. is + + + + Slender-rooted annual, with small flowers and achenes. RANUNCULUS. RANUNCULACEZ. 17 _R. eremogenes Greene Eryth. iv, 121. R. sceleratus of authors as to the western plant. Glabrous: stem erect, stout and fistulous, 6-30 inches high, sparingly leafy, simple below, loosely corymbose-paniculate above, herbage light-green; lower leaves round-reniform, deeply 2-5-lobed, the lobes obtusely-toothed above ; upper leaves more deeply and narrowly cut: petals light yellow, surpassing the sepals: achenes numerous, smooth, flat- tened, with very short beak, crowded in a short-oblong head: the oblong- ovoid receptacle much inflated. Wet springy places, northern California to Brit. Columbia and the Rocky Mountains; east of the Cascade Mts. + + + + + Leaves variously cleft or divided: achenes compressed, ay flat, surrounded by a firm or indurated margin: none truly alpine. ++ Radical leaves not divided into separate leaflets: petals usually only 5: achenes smooth or barely pubescent, in globose or oblong heads. = Style long, recurving, wholly persistent in a rigid and uncinate, elongated beak. 1 Perennials with erect stems from somewhat fleshy-fibrous roots. R. occidentalis Nutt. T. & G. Fl. i, 22. Pilose with spreading hairs: stems rather slender, 10-18 inches high, at length much branched: radical leaves orbicular, subcordate, more or less deeply 3-lobed, or 3-parted, and coarsely toothed, an inch or less in diameter; cauline leaves deeply cut into 3-5 linear lobes: petals obovate-oblong, 3-7 lines long, twice as long as the reflexed sepals: achenes smooth or nearly so, flat, a line in diameter; beak nearly as long as the body; heads globose. Common in dry open places, Oregon to Alaska and the Rocky Mountains, R. Eiseni Kellogg Proc. Cal. Acad. vii, 115. Sparingly villous: stems slender, at length widely branched above, 1-2 feet high: leaves rather small, not cordate at base, palmately 3-lobed or 3-parted, the broad cunei- form lobes of the radical ones trifid: petals obovate-oblong, 3-5 lines long, twice aslong as the reflexed sepals: achenes broad and rounded, compress- ed and thin, glabrous, tipped with a short recurved beak. In dry ground, mountains of southern Oregon to middle California. R. Rattani. R. occidentalis var. Rattani Gray Proc. Am. Acad. xvi, 872.. More or less villous with long white hairs: stem slender, 1-2 feet high, -widely branching above: leaves palmately 3-parted or 3-lobed, not cordate at base, the broad cuneiform lobes of the radical ones trifid: sepals 2-3 lines long, reflexed; petals obovate-oblong, 4-6 lines long or more: achenes becoming roughish-papillose, and sparsely or thickly beset with short hairs. Dry ground, southern Oregon and northern California. R. Howellii Greene ms. R occidentalis var. Howellii Greene Pitt. iti. 14. R. canus Howell P. C. Pl. No. 1331. not Benth. Stems slender, smooth, 1-2 feet hgih, widely tranched above: leaves broadly cuneate, palmately 3-5-lobed or -parted, the cuneiform segments 3-toothed or -lobed, canescent with a long appressed-silky pubescence: sepals ovate, acute, pubescent outside, soon reflexed, 2-3 lines long: petals obovate-oblong, 4-6 lines long or more: achenes rather small, smooth, tipped with a subulate, slightly hooked to almost straight, elongated style. Dry hillsides about Ashland Oregon, extending to near the Klamath river in California. R. ciliosus. ‘Soft-pubescent with moderately long, white, at length spreading hairs: stems 1-seyeral from a fascicle of fleshy-fibrous perenniai roots, erect or ascending; lower leaves 3-parted, the obovate or oblanceo- late segments acutely 2-5-lobed ; the cauline 3-parted, the acute lanceolate segments entire or 2-3-lobed; the uppermost ianceolate and entire: sepals ovate, acutish, 2-3 lines long, soon reflexed; petals broadly obovate, 4-6 lines long: young achenes roundish, ciliate on the outer edge. tipped with along subulate hooked style: mature achenes not seen. Moist banks, in Bear Valley, Blue Mountains, Oregon. Howell. May 23, 1885. 18 RANUNCULACEAR. _RANUNCULUS. R. Greenei. R. occidentalis var. Lyallii Gray Proc. Am. Acad. xxi, 373. R. tenellus var. Lyallii Robinsonin Gray Syn. Fl. i, 33. Hispidly hirsute with tawny hairs, or the upper parts nearly smooth: stem usually solitary, erect, 1-3 feet high, with few-several slender erect branches: leaves rather few, thin, 1-3 inches in diameter, cordate, deeply 3-cleft, the broadly-ob- ovate divisions acute, 3-5-cleft and acutely toothed: flowers small, on \slen- der pedicels, the pale yellow petals 1-3 lines long, not surpassing the spr- eading sepals achenes in rather dense globose heads, scarcely a line broad, minutely papillose and hispid, tipped with along slender-subulate curved and hooked beak. Common in open Fir forest, Oregon to Brit. Columbia and northern Idaho. 2 Winter annuals. R. Douglasii. R. tenellus Nutt, T. &G. Fl. i, 23. not Viviani. Stem solitary, slender or moderately stout, branching, 1-3 feet high: radical leaves long-petioled, 3-parted or trifoliolate,the divisions deeply 3-lobed and the lobes acutely 3-toothed; cauline similar, or the upper 3-parted with linear lobes, or reduced to a single linear-lanceolate leaf or bract, all spar- ingly pubescent with small appressed hairs: sepals greenish, pubescent outside, oblong, obtuse, 1-2 lines long: petals broadly spatulate, a third longer than the reflexed sepals,attenuate below to a claw: achenes smooth, tipped with a short stout hooked beak. Common in moist places and river bottoms, California to Brit. Columbia. R. parvirvorvs L. §p. ed. 2, i, 780. Soft-pubescent with spreading hairs: stem erect, slender or stoutish, simple-much branched, 2-12 inches high; lower leaves 3-parted; the broad segment deeply 3-7-lobed; cauline leaves trifoliolate, the broad cunieform leaflets deeply cut into 3-5 lanceolate acute lobes: sepals about a line long, oblong, obtuse, subpersistent: petals obo- vate, attenuate below to a claw, about as long as the sepals, subpersistent : achenes few, in a loose globose head, papillose-hispid with short hooked hairs, tipped with a very short, hooked beak. In the shade of bushes and rocks, from the Columbia river to southern Oregon. Introduced from Eu. = = Style comparatively short. R. Californicus Benth. Pl. Hartw. 295. More or less pilose or hirsute: stems erect or nearly so, 6-25 inches high, from a cluster of somewhat thickened fibrous perennial roots: radical leaves usually pinnately ternate, the leaflets laciniately cut into 8-7 usually linear lobes or parts: flowers. 5-10 lines in diameter; petals 5-15, narrowly obovate, deep glossy yellow, longer than the reflexed sepals: achenes nearly 2 lines long. much flatten- ed and with sharp edges, tipped with the short curved beak: heads com- pact, ovate or globular. Dry or moist ground, southern Oregon near the coast, and California. ++ + Stems erect or ascending, not stoloniferous: roots fibrous, of short duration: ovaries with the stout subulate style stigmatose for much of its length, persisting in a straight or merely oblique beak. R. Pennsylvanicus L.f. Suppl. 272. Hirsute with rough spreading hairs: stem stout, erect 1-2 feet high: leaves ternate; the somewhat ovate acute leaflets 3-cleft, the divisions sharply cut and toothed: petals pale yellow, not longer than the spreading sepals: achenes flat, tipped with the short straight beak, crowded in an oblong head. In damp places, eastern Oregon to Brit. Columbia and the Eastern States. R. Maceunii Britton Trans. N. Y. Acad. xii, 3. R. hispidus Pursh F1. ii, 395, not Michx. Stems ascending or declined, usually hirsute with spread- ing hairs, stout, 1-2 feet long: leaves all ternately compound: segments oval, acute, laciniately toothed: flowers few, middle-sized, rather long-ped- uncled; petals obovate, about 3 lines long, surpassing the spreading or hardly reflexed soon deciduous sepals; achenes mostly 1}¢ lines long, smooth, tipped with a stout straight flat-subulate beak, in globular or at - RANUNCULUS. RANUNCULACE. 19 most oval heads. Washington to Brit. Columbia and Canada. R. Oreganus. R. hispidus var. Oreganus Gray Proc. Am. Acad. xxi, 376. Smooth or somewhat pubescent below with scattered hairs: stem stout, 144-3 feet high, usually several from the fascicle of annual roots: leaves ample, trifoliate ; the broadly-ovate leaflets deeply 3-lobed; lobes mostly lanceolate, serrate above the middle: petals obovate, 3-4 lines long, twice as long as the reflexed sepals: achenes flat with aprominent border, 1-1/4 lines long, tipped with a short subulate beak, in a large dense oblong or oval h ad. Shady, and wet places about the mouth of the Willamette river. ++ ++ ++ Stems prostrate and stoloniferous. R. repens L. Sp. i, 554. Pubescent; stems 1-2 feet long, trailing, rooting at the lower joints: leaves ternately parted and often subdivided: sepals spreading: petals 5; achenes 144 lines long, rather sharply margined, the - nearly straight beak about 144 lines long. Naturalized in various places from California to Brit. Columbia. R. septentrionalis Poir. Dict. vi, 125. Coarsely hirsute to glabrous: stems stout, 1-3 feet high: often stoloniferous: leaves nearly all pedately and pinnately 3-foliate; leaflets 3-parted and sharply incised: flowers large, often more than an inch broad: achenes strongly compressed, rather gradually contracted into a long flat beak; heads ovoid. Northern Idaho and eastward to New Brunswick. ‘ ++ ++ ++ ++ Style more or less elongated and attenuate upwards, stigmatose at the tip only: petals 5-15: roots perennial. R. orthorhynchus Hook. Fl. i. 21, t..9. Hirsute to nearly glabrous: stems erect or ascending, 1-2 feet long, usually several from the fascicle of thick fibrous roots: leaves mostly oblong in outline, pinnate, with 5-7 usu- _ally cleft or incised leaflets; petals narrow obovate purple outside, 4-6 lines long, much surpassing the reflexed sepals: achenes not very numerous, ovate, nearly 2 lines 1. ng, strongly margined, tipped with a_slender-subu- late, rigid and quite straight beak about the same length. In wet places, western Oregon to Brit. Columbia. R. maximus Greene Bull Torr. Club, xiv, 118. R. orthorhynchus var, platyphyllus Gray |. c. 377. Pilose or hirsute with spreading hairs: stems stout, 1-4 feet high, ascending or trailing, but not rooting: radical leaves pinnate, 2-8 inches long. on long petioles; leaflets deeply 3-cleft or -parted, the divisions laciniately 3-9-toothed: sepals ovate, acute, 3-4 lines long, hirsute outside, soon retlexed: petals obovate-oblong, rounded at the sum- mit, short clawed, 5-9 lines long, yellow with a dark base: achenes strong- ly margined, tipped with a rigid, subulate, straight or slightly incurved beak as long asthe body. In wet places, Oregon and Washington to Cal- ifornia and the Wahsatch Mountains. ~~+—_ + + + + Annuals or biennials with muricate-echinate achenes. ‘R. muricatus L. Sp. 1, 555. Glabrous: stems rather stout, 4-8 inches high ; leaves roundish or reniform, coarsely toothed: petals pale yellow, longer than the sepals: achenes very large, flat, the sides coarsely muricate- prickly, surrounded by a wide sharp smooth margin; beak stout and ‘straight. In wet places, Umpqua valley Oregon. Introduced from Europe. Tribe 4. Helleboree DC. Sepals imbricated in the bud, petaloid. Petals small or irregular or none. Carpels few, becoming several- seeded follicles. | * Perennial herbs. Flowers regular. follicles 5-15. 6 CALTHA L. Gen. n. 703. Smooth marsh plants with mostly radical, cordate or reniform 20 RANUNCULACEZ. CALTHA. TROLLIUS. leaves and white or yellow flowers Sepals 5-15. petaloid. Pet- als none. Stamens numerous Pistils 5-15, several oyuled, be- coming several-seeded. flattened follicles that are dehiscent their whole length on the inner edge. €. leptosepala DC. Syst. i, 310. Stems erect, 2-8 inches high, 1-2-flow- ered; the lower flower subtended by a petaloid lanceolate bract: leaves roundish- to oblong-cordate, longer than wide, irregularly crenate-toothed : sepals white tinged with purple outside, lanceolate, acute, 5-8 lines long: follicles obscurely stipitate. Wet meadows, Mount Adams Washington to the Rocky Mountains and Alaska. C. biflora DC. Syst.i, 310. Stems scape-like, 5-12 inches high, 1-2-flo- wered: leaves round-reniform, with broad overlapping base, broader than long, 1-4 inches broad, obscurely crenate: sepals white, oblong to spatulate, obtuse, 6-10 lines long: follicles distinctly stipitate when mature. In cold bogs and riyulets of high mountains. California to Alaska. 3 C. palustris L. Sp. i, 784. Stems erect or ascending. rather thick and succulent, 6-10 inches long or more, corymbosely or dichotomously branch- ed above: lower leaves 2-4 inches broad, cordate or reniform, on petioles 3-9 inches or more long, crenately or acutely dentate, or quite entire; cau- line leaves on shorter petioles: flowers few, pedunculate, yellow ; sepals 5- 6, broadty oval, 6-9 lines long: follicles oblong, somewhat curved, mucron- ate with the, at length, nearly straight style. In marshes, Oregon to Alaska and the Atlantic States and Canada. 8 TROLLIUS L. Gen. n. 700. Glabrous perennial herbs with palmately lobed or dissected © leaves, and few or solitary yellow or lilac flowers. Sepals 5-15, regular, petaloid, deciduous. Petals 5-8, small, 1-lipped, tubu- lar at base. Stamens and ovaries uumerous. Follicles sessile, somewhat cylindrical, many-seeded. Seeds oblong with a smooth crustaceous testa. T. laxus Salisb. Trans. Linn. Soc. viii, 303 Stems erect, 1-2 feet high: leavespalmately divided; the segments many-cleft: sepals 5-6, spreading, ochroleucous with a tinge of green beneath: petals 15-25, deep orange-yel- low. Headwaters of the Skokomish river, Olympic Mountains Washing- ton, and the eastern States. 9 COPTIS Salisb. Trans. Linn. Soc. viii, 305. Low, smooth and shining evergreen herbs with 1-3-flowered scapes and ternate or quinate leaves. Flowering in very early spring. Sepals 5-7, petaloid. Petals as many, thread-like, en- larging and cucullate near the upper end or near the middle. Stamens 10-25. Follicles 3-12, stipitate, several seeded. Seeds with shining crustaceous testa. § 1. Curyza Gray Gen. Ill. i, 38. Sepals oval. Petals shorter than the stamens, clavate, with enlarged and thickened, hollow, nectariferous summit. Leaflets 3, rarely 5, subsessile and undi- vided. Scapes -1-flowered. C. trifolia Salisb. 1. c. Leaves trifoliolate ; leaflets cuneiform-oboyate, mucronately toothed, obscurely 3-lobed, about an inch long: scapes slen- der, 3-5 inches high, 1-flowered: sepals 5-7, oblong, obtuse, white: pet- als shorter than he sepals, cucullate-obconic, white with yellow base, soon deciduous: follicles ovate-oblong, longer than the style, equaled by COPTIS. | RANUNCULACES. 21 AQUILEGIA. the stipe: seeds black. In marshes and low woods, northwest Wash- ington to Alaska and the Atlantic States, Newfoundland and northward. § 2 Curysocoptis Gray l. c. Sepals linear or ligulate, atten- uate, greenish- or yellowish-white. Petals filiform or ligulate, enlarged and cucullate near the middle Scapes 1 3-flowered. C. occidentalis T.&G. Fl. i, 28. Leaves simply trifoliolate: leaflets long-petiolulate, roundish in outline, 2-3 inches long, 3-lobed to about the middle, lobes obtuse, slightly 3-lobed or incised and obtusely dentate: pet- als shorter than the sepals and apparently subulate from a subsessile ovate and concave base; mature follicles longer than the stipe; seeds oblong. In the mountains of Idaho. A little known species. C. venosa. Leaves ternate, coriaceous, smooth and shining prominent- ly veine4; leaflets ovate with cordate base, deeply 3-cleft, the divisions again cleft into 8-5 cuspidate dentate lobes, the terminal one long and the lateral ones short petiolulate: scapes at length 7-12 inches high, equaling or excee- ding the leaves: sepals petal-like, very narrowly lanceolate, long-acuminate 3-4 lines long: petals a little shorter, filiform, dilated and gibbous below the middle: follicles longer than the stipe: seeds oblong, chestnut-brown. — Cas- cade mountains near the head of Elk Creek Oregon. So fur as known only collected by myself, and distributed as C. occidentalis in 1881--82. C. laciniata Gray Bot. Gaz. xii, 297. Leaves chartaceous, ternate, triter- nate, or ternate-quinate; the ovate leaflets deeply 3-5-cleft, acute and acute- ly toothed: sepals linear-lanceolate, 4—5 lines long, spreading or reflexed: petals a third shorter, nearly filiform, cucullate in the middle: follicles 4-5 lines long, exceeding the stipe: seeds oval. Along streams, Coast and Uas- cade mountains from Oregon to northern California, C. asplenifolia# Salisb. |. c. 305. Leaves pinnately 5-foliolate; leaflets all rather long-petiolulate, mostly ovat:-oblong in outline and pinnately 5-parted or divided ; Jowest pair of pinne commonly petiolulate and ubper confluent all 3-5-cleft and incised: sepals filiform, 2-3 lines long: petals filiform with a thickened and concave nectary below the middle: mature follicles shorter than the stipe. Damp woods and marshes, Alaska to Brit. Columbia. To be looked for in northern Washington. : 10. AQUILEGIA Tourn. Inst. 428. L. Gen. n. 684. Perennial herbs with biternate or triternate leaves and showy terminal flowers in early summer. Sepals 5, colored and petal- oid. Petals 5, alternate with the sepals, with short spreading lips, and produced backwards into long tubular spurs. Stamens many, the outer ones long-exserted, the inner ones reduced to thin scales. Follicles 5, sessile, pointed with the slender style. A. formosa Fischer in DC. Prod. i, 50. Sparingly pubescent with soft spreading hairs: stems branching, 2—4 feet high, from a simple or branched fleshy fusiform root: lower leaves triternate, on long petioles, the upper sessile and ternate or reduced to simple bracts: leaflets broadly cuneate, 3-cleft, the divisions variously 3—5-lobed: flowers red,pendutous in anthesis; sepals sprea- ding or reflexed, 10-14 lines long, lanceolate, abruptly narrowed to a short claw: spurs little or not at alllonger than the sepals: style not longer than the stamens: follicles an inch long by 2 lines wide. Common from California to Alaska Nevada and Utah. A. truncata F.& M. Ind. Sem. Petr. Suppl. 8. (1843,) Glabrous: stems 1-3 feet high, with lax spreading branches: flowers 1-2 inches in diameter, red tinged with yellow: sepals widely spreading or reflexed: petals trun- cate, the limb very short; the spurs 6-9 lines long, thick and blunt. In 29 | RANUNCULACEA. AQUILEGIA. DELPHINIUM. shady ravines, southern Oregon near Crater Lake, Gorman, and California. ° A. flavescens Watson Bot. King, 10. Smooth: stems 1-3 feet high: leaves ternate: leaflets round-cordate, 3-parted, the segments 2-3-cleft and coarsely toothed: flowers yellow, pendulous; sepals reflexed, oblong-ovate acute, longer than the spurs: style nearly equaling the stamens, much lon- ger than the pubescent ovary. Subalpine, eastern Oregon to Nevada, Utah and Brit. Columbia. ‘ A. leptosera Nutt. Journ, Acad. Philad. vii, 9. Stems 1-2 feet high, glabrous, few-flowered: flowers white or slightly tinged with blue, soon becom- ing erect: sepals ovate, an irch to inch anda half long; spur straight, 2 inches long, very slender: Shaded mountain slopes, Idaho to eastern California and Utah, * * Flowers irregular. Carpels 1-5. Leaves palmately lobed or dissected. | 11 DELPHINIUM Tourn. Inst. 426. L. Gen. n. 781. Erect herbs from grumous or fleshy-fibrous roots, with palmate- ly lobed cleft or divided alternate leaves and showy flowers in simple or paniculate racemes. Sepals 5, very irregular, usually colored and petaloid, the. upper one produced backwards at the base into a hollow spur the others plain. Petals 2-4, very irreg- ular, the 2 upper ones developed backwards and enclosed in the spur of the calyx. Stamens many. Pistils 1-5, many-ovuled. Style persistent. Ours all of § DeLpHinastruM DC. Syst. i, 351, Petals 4. distinct, the up- per pair usually glabrous: the lateral ones unguiculate, more or less hairy on the face, in ours emarginate or 2-lobed at the apex. Follicles in ours usually. 3. * Flowers blue or white, never scarlet nor orange. D. Menziesii DC. Syst. i, 355. Glabrous or pubescent with spreading hairs; 5 to 18 inches high, sparingly leafy: lower leaves round-reniform, irreg- ularly cut into oblong lobes: the upper finely dissected into linear lobes: flowers blue, ina few-branched panicle: sepals lanceolate, obtuse, 5-8 lines long by 2-3 lines wide, about as long as the stout spur, pubescent with spreading hairs: petals exserted, white with purple veins: follicles glabrous, 8-10 lines long with acute widely spreading tips: seeds turbinate, with a broad depressed sum- mit. | Northern California to Brit. Columbia: usually in open woods, D. pauperculum Greene Pitt. i, 284. Stem solitary, simple, 2-7-leaved, 6-10 inches high; from a small globose or ovate tuber: pubescence sparse and soft: leaves parted into broad-linear, trifid segments: flowers only 3 or 4 on ascending pedicels, deep blue, an inch broad; spur straight, ascending. Near the coast, Washington. M. A. Knapp. D. Oreganum. Finely pubescent with short reflexed hairs: stem often slender, 1-3 feet high, from a somewhat branched flattish tuber, sparingiy leafy : leaves all dissected into acute linear lobes: flowers blue, in few to many-flowered racemes ; sepals broadly lanceolate, half inch or more long, shorter than the slender spur; lower petals blue, very obtuse or truncate, repand and ciliate at the apex, the blade only 2-3 lines long; upper ones light blue bordered with white, lanceolate, obtuse: follicles 3-4 lines long - by aline broad, densely tomentose, erect and not at all spreading at the tips: seed eee Ee with rounded and rugose back, and truncate summit. Open plains and hillsides of the Willamette valley. . eee DFLPHINIUM. RANUNCULACE. 23 D. leucopheum Greene Eryth. iii, 118. D. Menziesii var. ochroleucum Nutt. T. & G. Fl. i, 31. Very finely pubescent with retrorsely appressed hairs, usually rather slender, 1-3 feet high from a more or less branching tuber: leaves ternate, the nearly sessile leaflets deeply cut into 3-5 lacini- ately trifid lobes: racemes virgate, 3-10 inches long: pedicels erect in fruit, the lowest 1-2 inches long, the upper 2-6 lines long, all more or less gland- ular: sepals whitish or ochroleucous outside, spur slender, 8-10 lines long, longer than the oblong lower petals, blue bordered with white, rounded at the summit, repand-dentate, rather densely bearded: follicles erect, rather ‘densely pubescent, oblong, 5-7 lines long. Open plains, Willamette val- ley and along the Willamette river near Oswego. D. simplex Dougl. Hook. Fl. i, 25. Tall and strict, 2-3 feet high: pempecens throughout, with short and soft spreading almost velvety down: eaves all dissected into linear divisions and lobes, racemes spiciform and virgate : pedicels shorter than the spur, erect in flower and fruit: calyx pubescent outside. Root and fruit not seen. Western Idaho. (Gray Syn. Fl. 4, 49.) _D. distichum Geyer Lond. Journ. Bot. vi. 68. Stem strict a foot or two to rarely 3 feet high from a fasciculate tuberous root, glaucescent, gla- brous or the inflorescence puberulent, rather rigid, several-leaved, simple or the larger plants having one or more lateral racemes: leaves thickish ; lower ones of rounded outline, with cuneate or narrow divisions and lobes; upper ones short-petioled, erect, and with aproximate or little spreading linear divisions and lobes: raceme spiciform and virgate, Rac torsest: pedicels shorter than the spur, erect or appressed both in flower and fruit : flowers blue or violet, approximate and conspicuously distichous in the very spiciform raceme: sepals at first canescent puberulent outside, a third to nearly a half inch long,follicles erect, seldom over a half inch long. Low prairies, etc., Oregon and Washington to Montana. D. Columbianum Greene Eryth. ii, 193. Densely canescent: stems simp.e, 4-12 inches high or more, from a fascicle of thickened roots: lower leaves reniform, irregularly cut into oblong callous-tipped lobes; upper ones finely dissected into linear lobes: inflorescence tawny pubescent: flowers dark blue, rather small, in a strict secund or virgate spike: pedi- cels erect, short and stout: sepals oblong, about half as long as the slender spur, appressed canescent; follicles densely tawny-pubescent, 5-8 lines long by a line or more wide, erect: seeds winged. In winter rivulets, east- ern Washington to Nevada and California. D. Andersoni Gray l.c. Sparingly pubescent or glabrous,4—18 inches high, rather stout: leaves thickish, round-reniform in outline, the lower coarsely and the upper finely dissected into obtuse linear lobes; flowers blue, in a condensed spike: sepals broadly spatulate, 6 lines long or more, finely pubescent: petals pale blue veined with dark blue: follicles glab- rous, 8-12 lines long by 144-2 lines wide, erect, with acute spreading tips: seeds broadly winged with a broad depressed summit. Southeastern Oregon to Nevada and California. D. Nuttallianum Pritz. in Walp. Rep. ii, 744. Glabrous or barely pu- berulent: stem slender, a span to a foot high from a fasciculate-tuberous iroot; leaves small, all pedately parted into narrowly linear divisions of an onch or more in length: racemes 3-15 flowered: pedicels about the length, of the flowers; sepals 3 lines long, oblong, little surpassing the petals much shorter than the slender spur: follicles (so far as known) oval-ob- long, erect, about 4 lines long. Eastern borders of Washington to the Rocky Mountains. D. bicolor Nutt. Jour. Acad. Philad. vii, 10. Pubescent, a span toa foot high from fascicled, and mostly deep descending roots, rather stout : leaves thickish, the lower orbicular in outline, all deeply cleft or parted with mostly linear and obtuse segments; racemes few to several-flowered : lower pedicels an inch or two long, ascending: sepals and spur half to 24 RANUNCULACE. DELPHINIUM. Bh ACONITUM. three-fourths inch long; upper petals pale yellow and white and copiously blue-veined: follicles glabrous, or when young puberulent,sometimes quite erect, but usually recurving above. Dry ground, mountains of eastern Oregon and Washington to Utah; Colorado and British Columbia. D. depauperatum Nutt.1. c. Stem very slender, simple, 1-3 leaved: leaves scarcely an inch in diameter, glabrous. the lower one flabelliform or reniform : upper part of the stem and carpels minutely villous: raceme 1-7-flowered; flowers deep blue, upper petals yellowish: follicles 5-6 lines’ long, erect. Mountains of eastern Oregon and Neyada. ; D. trolliifolium Gray Proc. Am. Acad. viii, 275. Glabrous through- out or the inflorescence sparingly villous, tall and stout, 2-5 feet high: leaves large, long petioled, 5-7 lobed, the lobes laciniately cleft and toothed with acuminate segments: flowers large, in a loose raceme: sepals oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, 8-10 lines long, sparingly vil!ous: follicles glabrous, 6-8 lines long by two lines broad: seeds turbinate with a narrow rim at the top. Common along streams from British Columbfa to Califor- nia. Known as ‘Poison Larkspur.”’ D. occidentale Watson. Glabrous or densely pubescent above, 4-6 feet high: leaves deeply 3-5 cleft, the divisions broadly cuneate some- what s-lobed and sparingly gash-toothed, the teeth narrowing abruptly to a callous point: flowers small ina many-flowered sparingly branched pan- icle: sepals spatulate acuminate attached by -a broad base, 6 lines long or more, follicles glabrous or sometimes pubescent: seeds light colored and spongy: Subalpine in damp soil, from the Blue Mountains of Oregon to Nevada. D. scopulorum Gray Pl. Wright, ii, 9. Glabrous below or throughout : stems 1-6 feet high from a fascicle of thick roots; leaves numerous, mostly orbicular in outline, 2-8 inches in diameter, 5-7 parted, the lower into cuneate and the upper into narrower cleft and laciniate divisions: petio- les, except the lowest, hardly dilated at base: bracts and bractlets mainly filiform: racemes many flowered; flowers blue varying to white or pink on - short erect pedicels; sepals about half an inch long, about equaling the spur: lower petals deeply notched and with the whitish upper ones but lit- tle shorter than the oblong sepals: follicles not over half inch long, short- oblong, erect: seeds with a loose cellular coat. Mountains of eastern Washington (Sandberg No. 921) to the Rocky Mountains and New Mexico D. glauecum Watson Bot. Cal. ii, 427. Tall and stout, glabrous and more or less glaucous: leaves large, laciniately lobed and toothed, the lobes mostly acuminate, the upper leaves sparingly lobed or entire and narrowly lanceolate: flowers pale blueynumerous in a narrow raceme,upon slender and rather short pedicels, the somewhat minutely tomentose sep- als rather narrow, about 6 lines long or less, follicles glabrous. From Yakima county. Washington, to California and north to the Yukon river, D. Burkei Greene Eryth. ii. 183. Stems one or several, a_ foot high or more, erect, not slender, from a manifestly woody-fibrous root, leafy at or near the base only: foliage and lower part of stem seem- ing glabrous, though somewhat puberulent under a lens; upper part of stem and the inflorescence clot hed with a short villous-hirsute pubescence : leaves 2 inches broad, deeply parted into many linear and oblong-linear obtusish segments, the textur® rather fleshy: raceme rather long and nar- row, the pedicels being equal and quite erect: sepals deep blue, pubescent exteriorly, spur rather long, usually blunt, nearly straight and horizontal; petals conspicuously white, or perhaps ochroleucous: ovaries densely-ap- pressed-villous: follicles unknown. ‘‘Snake Country” Idaho. Burke. * * Flowers scarlet. D. nudicaule T. & G. 1. c. Smooth or slightly villous, stems a foot or two high; leaves mostly near the base, 1-3 inches in diameter, 3-5 lobed, - ACONITUM. RANUNCULACES. ; 25 ISOPYRUM. the lobes more or less deeply 3-7 toothed, with broad obtuse segments: flowers red: sepals broadly lanceolate, abruptly acuminate, 6 lines long or more, much shorter than the long stout spur. In the mountains of south- ern Oregon and California. 12. ACONITUM Tourn. Inst. 424. L. Gen. n. 682. Tall perennial herbs with palmately lobed alternate leaves and showy flowers in open racemes. Sepals 5, colored and petaloid, very irregular, the upper ones arched into a hood, the lateral ones plain. Petals 2-5, the upper 2 irregular, with long claw and spur-like blade which are concealed in the hood of the sepals ; the 3 lower ones small or obsolete. Follicles 3-5, sessile, many-seeded. A. Columbianum Nutt. T. & G. Fl. i, 34. Rather stout, 2-6 feet high, smooth below,somewhat tomentose above: leaves ample,the lower on long petioles, the upper subsessile, all deeply 3-5 cleft into broadly cuneate la- ciniately toothed acuminate lobes: hood 6-8 lines long with helmet-shaped portion higher than broad, at length much shorter than the downwardly narrowed basal portion, very strongly beaked: follicles usually 3, oblong, obtuse, 6-8 lines long, many-seeded: seeds flat, strongly keeled and trans- versely wrinkled. Along mountains steams, California to Brit. Colum- bia, east to the Rocky Mountains and New Mexico. A. bulbiferum. tems slender, weak and yiney, 2-4 feet long: smooth below, tomentose above: leaves rather small, on short petioles, or the up- per sessile bearing bulbletsin their axils, all laciniately cut into acute lobes: sepals pale blue; hood 6-8 lines long. Fruit not seen. In marshes ° on the eastern slope of the Cascade Mountains near Mount Hood, flower- ing in September. * * * Flowers regular. Carpels 1-5. Leaves ternately compound. + ruit dry. Follicles 1-20. 13. ISOPYRUM L. Gen. n. ed. 2. 533. Low perennial herbs with mostly alternate 2-3-ternately de-. compound leaves and white flowers in lax terminal panicles or solitary. Sepals 5-6, petaloid, regular, deciduous. Petals 5, very small and nectariferous or none. Stamens 10-40. Follicles 2-20, several-ovuled. Seeds with a smooth or rugulose crustace- ous testa. I. stipitatum Gray Proc. Am. Acad. xii, 54. Glabrous; stems very slender, 2-4 inches high from a large fascicle of thickened fibrous roots, with about 2 ternate cauline leaves anda single flower; radical leaves bi- ternate, petiolate, with cuneate often 2-3 lobed leaflets, 3-5 lines long: peduncle thickened at the summit; sepals 4-6, oblong, 3 lines long: fila- ments enlarged in the middle: follicles 2-6,shortly stipitate, oblong,3 lines long, 3-4 seeded: seeds globular, transversely rugose. Under trees in open moist places, southern Oregon, near Oakland, to northern California. I. Hallii Gray Proc. Am. Acad. viii, 374. Stems slender, erect, 1-3 feet high, 2-leaved; leaves ample, 2-3-ternate; leaflets. obovate-cuneate 14-2 inches long, irregularly 3-incised at the apex: flowers in simple or ounce or twice forked foliaceous-bracted subumbellate corymbs: pedicels slender, an inch or two long: sepals 5, obovate, 4 lines long: filaments as long as the sepals, clavate: follicles 3-5, sessile, ovate-oblong, acuminate, 2-4 seeded: seeds rugulose. Along mountain streams both sides of the Willamette val- ley. A rare species. - 26 RANUNCULACE2. CIMICIFUGA. ACTA. 14 CIMICIFUGA L, Ameen. Acad. viii, 193 t. 4. - Tall perennial herbs with ample ternately compound leaves and small white flowers in paniculate racemes in summer. Sep- als 4-6, falling soon after the flower opens. Petals 1-8, or none, small, with short, claws. Stamens numerous. Follicles 1-8, many- seeded. Ceetihibeas T. &G. Fl. i, 36. Canescently pubescent or the pani- OQ. cle tomentose and glandular, 4-8 feet high; leaves ample; leaflets thin 2-4 inches in diameter, 5-7 lobed, segments acute, coarsely cuspidate- UE Fcorrate: petals none: filaments equal: pistils 2-5 in the early flowers, only one in the later ones, glabrous or minutely glanda- lar; follicles sessile, 4 lines long, obtuse, 6-10 seeded: seeds terete transversely rugose. In woodlands Willamette valley to Puget Sound. C. laeciniata Watson Proc. Am. Acad. xx, 352. Glabrous or the pani- cle tomentose: 3-5 feet high: leaves ample, ternate, the divisions 3-parted or deeply 3-lobed, the acuminate segments ‘coarsely laciniate-toothed : pet- als usually present: filaments unequal: pistils 2-5 pubescent ; follicles stip- itate 4-5 lines long, 6--8 seeded: seeds flat linear, light brown, scaly. Lost Lake, north side of Mount Hood. Rare. ~ + Fruit aone-celled, many-seeded berry. 15 ACTA L. Gen. n. 644. Tall perennial herbs with alternate, triternately decompound leaves and small white flowers in short terminal racemes. Sep- als 5-6, nearly equal, petaloid, caducous. Petals 4-10, or none, less showy than the numerous white filaments. Carpel solitary, sessile, covered with a broad and obscurely 2-lobed depressed stigma, becoming a berry filled with smooth flattened seeds — packed horizontally in two rows. A. arguta Nutt. T. & G. Fl. i. 35. Stems 1-6 feet high from a fascicle of short branching roots, 1-3 leaved; leaves ternately or quinately decom- pound: leaflets ovate to oblong, often obscurely 3-lobed, acuminate, irregu- larly incised-dentate : racemes oblong, sometimes divided toward the base, loose: pedicels longer than the flowers,filiform,scarcely thickened in fruit: petals oblong, obtuse, shorter than the stamens: berries red or white subglobose. Common in forests from Cailfornia to Alaska and the Rocky Mountains. A. rubra Wild. Enum. 561. Stems about 2 feet high: leaves ter- nately decompound ; leaflets ovate, acuminate, 1-2 inches long, unequally and incisely serrate, the terminal one often 3-cleft: racemes broadly ovate or hemispherical: pedicels longer than the flowers, scarcely any thicker in fruit: sepals 4 greenish, ovate petals 3-10, rhombic-ovate, acute, shorter than the stamens: berries bright cherry-red, shining, suboyate. Craig Mountains, northern Idaho (Sandberg n. 235), to the Atlantic States and Canada. . Tribe 5.. Peoniex DC..Prod. i. 64. Sepals herbaceous, imbri- cated in the bud, persistent. Carpels few, many ovuled. 16 PAXONIA Tourn. Inst. 273 t. 146. L. Gen. n. 678. Herbs or low shrubs with tuberous roots, alternate, triter- nately compound or divided leaves and large solitary flowers terminating the stems or branches. Sepals 5, strongly imbri- PRONIA. BERBERIDACE. 27 BERBERIS. ; cated, persistent. Petals 5-10 or more, situated with the sta- mens on the fleshy perigynous disk that is adnate to the sepals or concave receptacle. Stamens numerous. Carpels few be- coming coriaceous many-seeded follicles. Style short or none. Seeds anatropous, oyal or oblong, naked at base or the very short fleshy funiculus cupulate; embryo straight or slightly arcuate. P. Brownii Doug. in Hook. Fl. i, 27. Glabrous and glaucous, stems ascending or at length decumbent, 1-2 feet long: leaves thick, leaf- lets ternately dissected into oblong or linear lobes; sepals green, mostly unequal: petals scarcely larger than the sepals, thick and leathery, dark dull red: follicles oblong, an inch or more long: seeds round or oblong 2 lines in diameter, black and shining. ° Stony hillsides, Brit. Columbia to California. Orver II]. BERBERIDACEZ Endl. Gen. 851. Herbs er shrubs with compound or divided leaves without stipules and perfect, hypogynous flowers. Bracts sepals petals and stamens 6 eavh (sepals and petals wanting, and stamens 9 or more in Achlys): Anthers 2-celled opening by uplifted valves that are hiiged at the top. Calyx and corolla imbricated in the bud, deciduous, both usually colored Pistil 1, of a single carpel. Style short or none. Seeds anatropous, with small oy minute embryo in firm-fleshy or horny albumen. *, Flowers complete: stamens 6, mostly short. 1 Berberis. Shrubs with rigid oddpinnate leaves; flowers yellow, in - clustered racemes: fruit a few-seeded berry. 2 Vancouveria. Herbs with ternately compound leaves: flowers white or yellow in a panicle: fruit a follicle. *-* Flowers without sepals or petals: stamens 9 or more. 3.. Achlys. Flowers spicate on a scape, without bracts, sepals or petals. Herbs with 3-parted leaves. 1 BERBERIS, Tourn. Inst. 614, t. 385, L. Gen. n. 442. Smooth shrubs with yellow wood, pinnate leaves, yellow flow- ers in clustered bracketed racemes, and oblong or globose, acid, dark blue berries. Sepals 6, petal-like, with 6 closely appressed bractlets in 2 rows. Petals 6, opposite the sepals, usually 2-gland- ular at base. Stamens 6, opposite the petals. Stigma peltate. Fruit a 1-celled berry, with 1-3 seeds. Ours all of § Manonra T. & G. FI. i, 50. Leaves evergreen, all evolute, (none reduced to spines) and 3- toseveral-foliolate ; petioles artic- ulated at the insertion of the leaflets: leaflets thick, coriaceous. spiny-toothed: filaments usually 2-toothed at the summit. * Leaflets pinnately veined. B. pumila Greene Pitt. ii, 162. A few inches to a foot high, stout and rigid, erect from the base: leaves very thick-coriaceous: leaflets 1-5, the terminal one round-ovate, the lateral ones obliquely ovate, all coarsely toothed, the teeth rigidly spinescent, conspicuously reticulate-veined on both faces, pale and glaucous beneath, deep but dull green and glauces- 28 BERBERIDACE &, BERBERIS. = VANCOUVERIA. cent above racemes short, terminal and axillary; berries small, very glaucous. Coast mountains of southern Oregon and northern Califor- nia. | B. repens Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1176. Stems stoutish erect, branching, 1-4 feet high : leaflets few, coriaceous, light green, coarsely spinose-toothed: ra- cemes short, in terminal and axillary clusters: bud scales triangular, acute: fruit globose tooblong,dark blue. Idaho tothe Rocky Mountains. B. nana Greene Pitt. iii, 98. Low, 3-15 inches high, increasing from underground runners: leaflets 3-7, rarely more, ovate to oblong, acute or’ obtuse, 1-24 inches long, not shining above: racemes few, terminating the branches, 1-2 inches long; bud-scales triangnlar, cuspidate 2 lines long. Brit. Columbia to California, Montana and New Mexico. B. Aquifolium Pursh Fl. i, 219 in part. Large, 2-10 feet high: leaf- lets 5-9, oblong-ovate, acute, spinulose dentate, 1-3 inches long, green and - shining above: bud scales triangular, acute, 3 lines long; racemens in ter- minal and axillary clusters, 2-4 inches long: fruit globose to oblong. Western Washington to California. * * Leaflets palmately veined. B. nervosa Pursh |. c. t.5. Stems simple, a foot or two high, from long underground shoots: leaves 1-2 feet long, of 11-17 ovate acuminate spinulose-serrate leaflets; bud scales Jong-acuminate, 10-12 lines long, per- sistent, becoming dry and rigid: racemes in terminal clusters, 6-12 inches long. In Fir forests from Brit. Columbia to California. 2 VANCOUVERIA Morr. & Decsne, Ann. fci. Nat. ser, 2, ii, 315. Slender perennial herbs with 2-3-ternately compound leaves and white or yellow flowers in open paniculate racemes upon a naked scape. Sepals 6, obovate reflexed, soon falling with the 6-9 oblong, membranaceous bracts. Petals 6, shorter than the sepals and opposite them, linear-spatulate, nectary-like — re- flexed. Stigma slightly dilated. Ovules in two rows upon the ventral suture. Capsule dehiscing by a dorsal valve attached by the base, persistent. Seeds oblong somewhat curved, with a broad attachment and prominent arillus. wt V. hexandra Morr. & Decsne. 1.c. More or less villous, with brown- ish hairs, 1-2 feet high, from long running rootstocks: leaves diffuse, long petioled; leaflets 1-2 inches broad, petiolulate, subcordate, obtusely 3- lobed, the lobes emarginate, the margin thickened and often undulate: scapes exceeding the leaves: pedicels an inch long or more, recurved: sep- als 2-3 lines long: carpels 4-6 lines long, gibbous-lanceolate, with a slender beak, smooth or slightly glandular; arillus 2-lobed, more than half coy- ering the seed. In Fir forests, British Columbia to California. VY. chrysantha Greene Bull. Cal. Acad. Sci. i, 66. Stems rusty-vil- lous pubescent: leaflets evergreen, thickish, sub-3-lobed, glabrous and reticulated above, whitened and pubescent beneath, margins only slightly crisped, revolute in places: inflorescence sub-racemose, 5-18 flowered, cov- ered with dense dark glandular pubescence: flowers golden yellow ; sepals 3-4 lines long; ovules 7-8. Eastern base of the Coast Mountains near Waldo, Josephine county, Oregon. 3 ACHYLS DC. Syst. ii, 35. Smooth perennial herbs with one radical trifclileate leaf and small white flowers, crowden in a naked spike terminating the scape. Sepals and petals none. Stamens 9 or more in 3 or more (oe NYMPH ZACE. 29 BRASENIA. rows. Filaments slender, the outer ones dilated at the sum- mit. Stigma sessile dilated. Ovule solitary, erect. Fruit at first somewhat fleshy, at length dry and coriaceous lunate-in- curved, dorsally carinate, ventrally excavated each side of the fleshy salient suture or ventral appendage. Embryo minute. A. triphylla DC. Syst. ii. 85. Rootstock creeping, clothed with glu- maceous scales: leaves ample,long-petioled,a foot or more high from a scaly base; leaflets broadly cuneate, 3-5 inches long, the outer margin irregu- larly and. coarsely sinuate,very fragrant when drying: scape solitary,equal- ing or surpassing the leaf. In Fir forests, Brit. Columbia to California. Orper II]. NYMPHAACE Endl. Gen. 858. Aquatic perennial herbs with trunk-like horizontal root- stocks or tubers, Leaves peltate or deeply cordate involute from both margins in the bud. Flowers perfect, solitary on long axillary peduncles. Stamens numerous. Ovules on the back or sides of the carpels, embryo small at the base cf fleshy albu- men, enclosed ina fleshy bag. 1. Brasenia. Carpels 4-18, in a cluster, indehiscent, 2-seeded. 2. Nymphea. Carpel only one, many-celled and many-seeded: sepals 5- 12, concave. 3. Castalia. Carpel only one, many celled and many-ovuled: sepals only - 4, plain. 1. BRASENIA Schreb. Gen. 372. Aquatic perennial herbs with peltate leaves and purple flow- ers. Sepals and petals nearly alike, nearly oblong, dull dark purple hopogynous persistent,3-—4 of each. Stamens [2-18 hyp- ogynous. (filaments slender. Anthers oblong-linear. Carpels 11-18, distinct, tipped with the linear one-sided stigma. Fruit a 1-2 seeded indehiscent pod. B. Schreberi Gmel. Syst. Veg. i, 854: B. peliata, Pursh. Fl. ii, 389. Stems ascending from a tuberous rootstock: leaves floating alternate on long slender petioles, elliptical, centrally peltate, light green above, red and when young covered with a clear jelly-like substance beneath; flowers 6 lines long. In ponds, Brit. Columbia to California, and east to the Atlantic. 2. NYMPHAHA Roerh. Hort. Acad. Bat. 281. Herbs of shallow waters, sending up large and mostly rather leathery cordate leaves, and 1-flowered peduncles from large and creeping rootstocks in the mud beneath. Sepals 5-13,con- cave and roundish, partly colored. Petals numerous, some of the inner ones resembling sterile gtamens persistent. Stam- ens numerous, short, hypogynous, densely crowded around the ovary, at length recurving, persistent. Anthers truncate at the apex, the two linear cells adnate introrse. Ovary oblong or ovate, 8-20 celled. Stigma sessile, peltate, many-rayed. Fruit ovoid or flask-shaped indehiscent, with a firm rind and fleshy or pulpy interior. Cells many-seeded. 30 SARRACENIACEZ. ' CASTALIA. : CHRYSAMPHORA. N. advena Ait. Hort. Kew. ii. 226; Nuphar advena, Ait. f. Leayes floating or emersed and erect. on stout and half cylindrical petioles, deeply cordate 6-8 inches in diameter: flowers two inchesin diameter: sepals usu- ally 6, unequal: petals narrowly oblong, thick and fleshy, truncate shorter than the stamens: anthers longer than the filame nts: stigmal2-24-rayed, the margin entire or repand: fruit strongly furrowed, ovoid-oblong. (In subalpine ponds about Mount Hood), Oregon to Alaska thence eastward across the continent. N. polysepala Greene Bull Torr. Ciub, xv, 84. Nuphar polysepalum ringelm. Trans. Acad. St. Louis, ii, 282. Resembling the last but larger: leaves all floating, 8-14 inches in diameter: flowers fragrant, 2-5 inches in diameter: sepals 8-12, unequal: petals 11-18, dilated and unlike the stam- ens, yellow: fruit globose, 1--2 inches long. In ponds, British Columbia to California. ; CASTALIA Salisb. Parad. Lond. 14. _ Perennial acaulescent herbs with thick creeping or tuberous rootstocks, rounded cordate leaves and snow white or pink flowers bloomingallsummer. Sepals 4, plain, hypogynous, her- baceous on the outer and somewhat colored on the inner face. Petals plain, those of the outermost row often greenish outside, all oblong or lanceolate, imbricated over and their bases ad- nate to the surface of the 7-35-celled ovary: innermost reduced to staminodes or imperfect stamens with petaloid filaments. True stamens with narrow filaments and linear-oblong anthers, inserted around the broad summit of the ovarv. Ovary con- cave and umbonate, lineate with as many radiate stigmatic linesas there are carpels, the tips of the latter produced into as many incurved short processes. Surface of the spongy-bac- cate fruit bearing the basis of the decaying stamens or their scars. Seeds enclosed in cellular-membranaceous arillus. C. Leibergi Morong Bot. Gaz. xiii, 124t.7. Leaves oval with rather open sinus and acutish lobes, entire 144-6 inches long, two-thirds as broad: flowers white 145-2 inches in diameter when fully expanded: sepals an inch long, narrow. obtuse: petals in two rows, a littte shorter and more obtuse than the sepals: stamens in 3-4 rows running up the ovary more than half wuy: stigmatic rays 7 or 8, the projecting points very short and blunt. In smali ponds, northern Idaho. . OrvER IV, SARRACENIACEA Endl. Gen. 901. Bog plants with pitcher-skaped or tubular and hooded leaves, and perfect, polyandrous hypogynous flowers. ‘The persistent sepals, petals and cells of the ovary each 5. Fruit a many-seeded capsule. Embryo small, in fleshy albumen. CHRYSAMPHORA Greene Pitt. ii, 191. DARLINGTONIA Torr. Smith. contrib. vi, 4. t. 12. Calyx without bracts, of 5 imbricated narrowly oblong sepals. Petals 5, ovate oblong with asmall ovate tip. Stamens 12-15 in asinglerow. Filamentssubulate. Anthers oblong of 2 unequal cells. Ovary top-shaped, with a broad concave dilated sum- mit, longer than the stamens, 5-celled, the cells opposite the pet- _ CHRYSAMPHORA. PAPAVERACE. 31 PLATYSTRMON. als. Style short, with 5 short linear or club-shaped lobes. Capsule loculicidally 5 valved. Seeds very numerousfobovate- clavate, thickly beset with soft slender projections. | C. Californica Greene 1. c. A smooth perennial herb of greenish yellow hue, from long creeping rootstocks, leaves tubular gradually enlarg- ing upwards to a vaulted ventricose hood which terminates ina forked de- flexed appendage, under which is the contracted rounded orifice, the ven- tral edge winged: scapes 2-3 feet high bearing several membranaceous bracts; and a solitary noddinf flower; sepals dull yellow 1-2 inches long, much longer than the brown, spotted with yellow petals. In bogs, soutnwestern Oregon and northern Cialifornia. Orper V. PAPAVERACEZ Endl. Gen. 854. Herbaceous or rarely shrubby plants, with milky or colored juice. -Leaves mostly alternate, without stipules. Peduncle 1- flowered. Sepals, petals and stamens hypogynous. Sepals [2 or 3. Petals twice asmany, in two sets, imbricated and usu- ally crumpled inthe bud. Stamens indefinite. Capsule 1-celled with parietal placente. Seeds anatropous, with minute embryo in copiousalbumen. Platystemon is exceptional in having the several capels distinct or at least early separting and forming as many torulose pods, and Eschscholtzia has colorless juice in the herbage. ; -Tripet. Annuals with opposite entire leaves. Sepals usually three, distinct: 1. Platystemon. Filaments very broad; carpels many, distinct or soon becoming so. 2. Platystigma. Filaments slightly dilated or filiform, ovary 8-ovuled. 3. Canbya. Filaments shorter than the anthers, persistent; ovary 3- valved. TRIBE 11. Annual or perennial herbs. Sepals completely united into a narrow cap which falls off entire from a top-shaped receptacle. 4. Esehscholtzia. Stigma lobes 4-6, subulate, unequal; style very short: capsule linear, 2-valved. 1 PLATYSTEMON Benth. Trans. Hort. Soc. ser. 2, i, 405. Low annual with mostly opposite or whorled, entire leaves and long-peduncled yellow flowers that are nodding in the bud. ~ Sepals 3, distinct. Petals 6, in two series. Stamens many with broad flattened filaments and linear anthers. Carpels 6--18, each several-ovuled, at first all united in a circle into a deeply, pluri- suleate, compound ovary by as many parietal placente, in fruit separating and closing into as many torulose, narrow follicles which when mature are disposed to break up transversely into a few 1-seeded joints. P. Californica Benth. 1.c. Stems slender, branching from the base 6-12 inches high, hispid with long spreading hairs: leaves 1-4 inches long, sessile or clasping, broadly linear, obtuse: peduncles 3-8 inches long: 32 PAPAVERACEZ. PLATYSTIGMA. ‘CANBYA, sepals hispid: petals pale yellow shading to orange in the center, 3-6 lines long, tardily deciduous, at length loosely closing over the forming fruit; carpels aggregated into an oblong head, 5-10 lines long, beaked with the linear persistent stigmas, the one-seeded divisions a line long: seeds smooth. Southern Oregon near the sea to California. | 2. PLATYSTIGMA, Benth. 1. c, 406. Low and slender annuals with verticillate or opposite entire leaves and long-peduncled. white or yellow flowers in spring. Sepals 2 or 3. distinct. Petals 4 or 6, in two series, deciduous. Stamens 6--12, rarely 4, with narrow filaments. Carpels 3, rarely 4, wholly combined into a somewhat 3-lobed, or angled, or nearly terete ovary, having as many strictly parietal placente. Stigmas ovate to subulate. Seeds smooth and shining. P. lineare Benth. 1. c. 407. Somewhat villous with spreading hairs, 6-12 inches high, the stems usually very short and leafy: leaves all linear sessile, 1-2 inches long: petals yellow, 4-6 lines long: stamens numerous, with oblong-linear anthers: capsule half inch long, oboyvoid or clavate- ovoid, crowned with the 3 broad and obtuse spreading introrsely stigma- tose stigmas.— Valleys and low hills, Oregon to central California. P. Oreganum Watson, Bibl. Index 43. Smooth, 1-3 inches or more high with spreading branches or peduncles: leaves a quarter to at most an inch long, lower round to spatulate, on long wing-margined petioles; upper leaves spatulate to linear 2-4 lines long, verticillate or opposite: flowers on long filiform peduncles, opening at night only: petals white 1-2 lines long: stamens 4-6, with filiform filaments and oblong anthers: stigma subulate : capsule linear, 8-10 lines long, the thin valves commonly twisted in age. . us open places, Hood River and the Willamette valley to the borders of alifornia. 3. CANBYA Parry in Gray Proc. Am. Acad. xii, 51, tid - Little annuals with alternate entire leaves and numerous fili- form, one-flowered scapes. Sepals 3. Petals 6, scarrious-marces- cent and persistent, closing over the capsule till the fruit is grown. Stamens 6 or 9: filaments shorter than the oblong-linear anthers. Capsule ovoid, strictly 1-celled, 3-6-valved from above; valves alternating with as many nerviform placente. Style none. Stig- ‘mas 3 oblong-linear, opposite the 3 nerviform placente and re- curved-appressed to them. Seeds neither crested nor carunculate. C. aurea Watson Proc. Am. Acad. xxi, 445. Stems 1-2 inches high : leaves fleshy, linear, 1-3 lines long, glabrous or sparingly pubescent, all clustered at the base of the stem: scape-like peduncles few to several, half to an inch or more long: flowers bright yellow; petals ovate, 1% lines long, deciduous. On the Sage Plains southwest of Prineville, Oregon. — 4, ESCHSCHOLTZIA, Cham. in Nees. Hore. Phys. Berol. 73, t. 15. Smooth herbs with colorless (or of the root red, ) bitter juice, finely dissected alternate petioled leaves, and bright yellow flow- ers in summer, usually only opening in bright sunshine. Sepals - 2, completely united into a conical calyptra and is detached and pushed offby the expansion of the petals. Petals 4. Stamen numerous, with short filaments and linear anthers. Ovary linear, strictly 1-celled, with two nerviform placentse. Style very short: ESCHSCHOLTZIA. FUMARIACE. 33 BICUCULLA. stigma divided into 4-6 linear unequal, divergent lobes. Capsule elongated, strongly 10-nerved, dehiscent the whole length, usual- ly from the bottom, by two valves separating from the placental ribs: many seeded. Seeds globular, reticulated or rough tubercu- late. E. Douglasii Benth. Pl. Hartw. 296. Perennial, smooth and glaucous, 1--2 feet high, rather stout and branching: leaves ternate to triternate, fine- ly divided into oblong-linear lobes: flowers bright yellow, 2 inches in diam- eter, on pedicels 4-6 inches long: torus dilated and broadly rimmed: cap- gule 2-8 inches long, curved: seeds reticulated. Gravelly hillsides and river banks, Oregon and California. E. hypecoides, Benth. Trans. Hort. Soc. Ser. 2,1, 408. Annual: stems slender, paniculately branched from the base: leaves small, mostly pin- nately 5-foliolate ; leaflets finely divided into linear lobes: flowers small, not over an inch in diameter, light yellow, on peduncles 1-3 inches long; torus but little dilated, and very narrowly rimmed: capsule 1-2 inches long by a line in diameter, tipped with filiform stigmas: seeds reticulate rugose. On open hillsides near Wolf Creek, Josephine county, Oregon, to California. Orper. VI. FUMARIACEA, DC., Syst. ii, 105. ' Tender herbs with watery and bland juice, dissected compound leaves, and perfect hypogynous flowers. Sepals 2, small and hyaline. Petals 4, one or two of them spurred. Stamens 6, diadelphous. Capsule one-celled with two parietal placente. Seeds anatropous, with minute embryo in copious albumen. 1 Bicuculla. Corolla 2-spurred: the two outer and larger petals similar. 2 Corydalis. Corolla with only one.of the outer petals spurred. 1 BICUCULLA Adans. Fam. PI. ii. 23. DICENTRA Bernh. Linnea, viii, 557, 468. Smooth perennials with tuberiferous or granuliferous subter- ranean. base, or running rootstocks, ternately or pinnately com- pound leaves and racemous or paniculate flowers. Sepals 2, small and scale-like. Corolla flattened and cordate, at least at base, of two pairs of petals, the outer pair larger, saccate or spurred at base, the tips spreading; the inner much narrower, spoon-shaped, mostly carinate or crested on the back; the small hollowed tips slightly united at the apex, the two forming a cavity which contains the anthers and stigma. Stamens 6, in two sets; the filaments slightly adhering in the middle: the middle anther 2-celled ; the lateral ones 1-celled. Style slender persistent: stig- ma 2-lobed ; each lobe sometimes 2-crested or horned. Capsule narrow, 1-celled, with 2 filiform parietal placente, from which the valves at maturity separate. 7 B. formosa. Dicentra (Diclytra) formosa DC. Syst. ii, 109. Stems and scapes from the apex of thickish and almost naked creeping rootstock, a span to a foot or more high: leaves twice or thrice ternately compound, the ultimate divisions narrow and incisely pinnatifid: flowers in compound racemes at the summit of the naked scapes: corollas ovate-cordate with younded somewhat connivent spurs and short spreading tips to the larger BA ; FUMARIACE. 128°, BICUCULLA. - CORYDALIS. united up to above the middle. B. Cucullaria Malep: Bull,, W.. Va. Agr. Exp. .Sta. ii, 327, .Leaves usually 2 to each stem, long petioled, triternately decompound, the prim- ary and eee divisions petiolate, ultimate divisions laciniately pin- natifid with oblong-linear mucronulate lobes: scapes 6-10 inches high, from a kind of scaly, fleshy bulb composed of the triangular bases of former leaves; several flowered; corolla white with yellowish tips, the spurs divergent, short and rounded, not longer than the pedicel: crest of the inner petals small, semi-oval, bladdery. Along the Columbia river from below the Cascades to Idaho, and the Eastern States. Ours differs from the eastern plant in having much shorter and rounded spurs. = B. uniflora. Dicentra uniflora, Kell. Proc. Cal. Acad, Sci. iv, 141. Leaves ternately or somewhat pinnately divided, the 3-7 divisions pinnati- fid into a few spatulate lobes: scapes 3-5 inches high, from a fascicle of narrow-fusiform and perpendicular fleshy tubers, 2-38 bracted, and 1--2- flowered: outer petals merely gibbous-saccate at base, their spatulate- linear recurving tips much longer than the body; inner petals with lamina dilated and hastate at base directly from the oblong-linear claw. On Mount Adams, Washington, to the Sierra Nevada in California, and Wyoming and Utah. B. pauciflora, Dicentra pauciflora Watson Bot. Cal. ti, 429. Scapes and leaves very slender, 4--8 inches high, from running tuberiferous root- stocks: leaves small, 2--3-ternate, with narrow segments: flowers 1--3, 8--12 lines long, the short stout straight. spurs not diverging: spreading or reflexed tips of the outer petals 3--4 lines long; inner petals with ligulate claw abruptly contracted at apex into a short stalk which abruptly dilates into the elongate-spatulate lamina. In the Siskiyou mountains Southern Oregon, to Tulare County, California, near perpetual snow. CORYDALIS Vent. Cels. t. 19. Herbs with variously decompound alternate leaves and white, rose-colored or yellow flowers in racemes opposite the leaves or terminal. Corolla with only one of the petals spurred or gib- bous and nectariferous, by tortion becoming posterior, all erect and comnivent up to the short tips of the outer ones. Filaments with a nectariferous spur-like process at the base. Style mostly persistent. Capule few-many-seeded. Seeds with a concave aril- liform crest. I retain Corydalis because no other name has been settled on for this genus. § 1. Perennials from thickened roots with ample leaves and many-flowered racemes. Stigma with 6 lobes or. processes, one pair terminal, one medial and one basal. Capsule oval or oblong, rather few-seeded. NPN | C. Seouleri Hook. Fl. 1, 63 t. 14. Stems simple 2--4 feet high; with 2-4 cauline leaves from a large and thickened running scaly-jointed rootstock : leaves very large, pinnately decompound; ultimate leafllets, oblong to oblong-lanceolate, entire or the teminal one deeply 3-lobed: flowers rose- colored, peduncles, 1--2 inches long in a loose raceme; spurs stout, 2--3 times as long as the balance of the flower: pedicels strongly curved down- wards after flowering, stigma 2-lobed at the base. > Pee RY C. Cusickii Watson in Coult. Man. Rocky Mt. Reg. 14. Stems 2--3 feet high, from strong perennial roots, leafy; leaves bipinnately divided, the oblong oval leaflets acute at each end, half'to an inch long: raceme term- jnal, dense ; flowers white or purplish with tips of inner petals violet, an petals: crests of the inner petals little surpassing: their tips: all the petals a eT! 1—_ = —_—— CORYDALIS. CRUCIFER.A. 35 inch or less long, the nearly straight spur fully twice as long as. the rest of the flower; hood of the outer petals emarginate by the development of broad thin margins which are recurved over the narrow and undulate dor- sal crest: capsule oblong, turgid, 6 lines long: seeds nearly smooth, with a conspicuous orbicular carunculate crest. Along alpine streams, Blue and Eagle creek Mountains, eastern Oregon to western Idaho. § 2. Biennials, mostly branched from the base, with finely dissected leaves and siliquiform capsule. C. aurea Willd. Enum. 710. Commonly low and spreading: flowers golden yellow about half an inch long, on rather slender pedicels in a short raceme: spur barely half the length of the body when dry, 10-12-seeded. seeds turgid obtuse at margin, the shining surface obscurely reticulated. Rocky banks, eastern Oregon to Brit. Columbia, Lower Canada and northern New England (Gray, Syn. Fl. 7, 97). €. montana Engelm. in Gray, Pl. Fend. 8. Stems decumbent, 6-12 - inches long: leaves pinnate, leaflets 5-7 parted, the divisions irregularly laciniate-toothed : flowers yellow, in short-peduncled racemes; spur shorter than the rest of the flower: capsule 4-angled, deflexed in fruit: seeds acutely margined muricate. From the Blue Mountains of Oregon to west- ern Idaho and Mexico. Orver VII. CRUCIFER& Endl. Gen. 861. Herbs rarely suffrutescent, with pungent watery juice, cruci- form corolla tetradynamous stamens and 2-celled pod (silicle or silique) with two parietal placente. Flowers perfect. hypogyn- ous. Sepals 4, often colored, deciduous. Petals 4, usually with narrow claws and spreading lamina, rarely, wanting. Stamens 6, two of them inserted lower down on the receptacle and shorter than the other 4. Ovary 2-celled by a partition which stretches across from the placente or the partition, rarely wanting. Style undivided or none: stigma entire or 2-lobed. Ovules few or nu- merous, camplytropous. Seeds smooth, without albumen. Cuty- ledons either accumbent applied edgewise to the radical or incum- bent, with the radical against the back of one of them or sometimes conduplicate, plicately folded and partly enveloping the radical. Inflorescence racemose orspicate or somewhat corymbose and . (with rare exceptions) ebracteate. Serres 1. Pods 2-valved, dehiscent their whole length (except in Brassica), not compressed contrary to the partition. _ Tre tr. Fruit completely or incompletely 2-celled, regu- larly dehiscent, flattened parallel to a broad partition, terete. or prismatic, short or long. | 2 * Pods more or less strongly compressed parallel to the partition. 1 Parrya. Pods lanceolate, acuminate; valves flat, with a prominent ae nerve and reticulated: seeds in 1 row in each cell, large, not winged. x ; : 2 Cheiranthus. Pods strongly compressed, 1-4 inches long, -broadly linear, with flat 1-nerved valves or narrow and quadrangular with con- vex and more or less distinctly keeled valves. ** Pods globose terete or prismatic, at least not compressed parallel to the partition. 3 36 CRUCIFERZ. 8 Nasturtium. Pods short, turgid, little compressed, nerveless. Roripa. Pods terete or nearly so, with nearly or quite nerveless, thin valves. . Barbarea. Pods linear, elongated, somewhat tetragonal: seeds in 1 row in each cell. . Arabis. Pods linear with more or less 1-nerved flat valves and thin partition: seeds in 1 row ineach cell, flattened and more or less winged. Or te “OQ * * * Pods oblong or linear, compressed parallel to the partition, sessile. Streptanthus. Pods oblong,to narrowly linear, compressed parallel to the partition, sessile upon the enlarged receptacle: valves flat, nerve- less, seeds flat, more or less winged: cotyledons accumbent. 3 Caulanthus. Pods narrowly linear, somewhat flattened or subterete, sessile: valves l-nerved and often reticulate-veined: cotyledons incum- bent. . 9 Dentaria. Pods linear, with nerveless flat valves and nerveless partition : seeds in 1 row in each cell wingless. 10 Cardamine. Pod linear with thin flat nerveless valves, and wingless seeds in 1 row in each cell. ~I i°2) TRIBE It. Pod a silicle, 2-celled, completely dehiscent, strongly compressed parallel to the broad partition or very turgid with broad partition and almost hemispherical valves, or didymous, or strongly obcompressed. Pubescence stellate. * Pods strongly compressed parallel to the broad partition. 11 Platyspermum. Podssuborbicular, very strongly compressed parallel to the broad partition: seeds in 2 rows in each cell, broadly winged. * * Pods turgid with broad partition. 12 Lesquerella. Pods subglobose: partition suborbicular: seeds flattened ** * Pods didymous with narrow partition. 3 Physaria. Silicle didymous or obcompressed, partition narrow-ellip- tical : cells several-seeded. * *** Fruit orbicular or nearly so, 2-celled, dehiscent, 2-several-seeded : - filaments often dilated and toothed or appendaged near the base. 14 Psilonema. Capsule with valves convex, pubescence stellate. ** * * Fruit oblong elliptic or lanceolate, rarely linear, 2-celled, dehiscent, 2-sveral-seeded: stamens unappendaged. 15 Erophila. Flowers white: petals deeply 2-lobed or parted: pods linear to oblong, many-seeded. 16 Draba. Sepals short and broad, equal at the base: petals entire or emarginate. 17 Coehlearia. Pods (in ours) very turgid and appearing obcompressed, with distinctly 1-nerved valves. TriBE 1. Pods longitudinally 2-celled, dehiscent, from linear to lance-oblong or elliptic, always longer than broad. 18 Sophia. Pods ascending or somewhat spreading, on slender pedicels, oblong-linear, subterete, less than an inch long. 19 Erysimum. Pods subsessile, erect, appressed to the rachis, subulate. 2) Smelowskia. Pods lanceolate to lance-oblong, more or less obcom- pressed with sharply keeled valves. 21 Schenocrambe. Pods slender, terete, somewhat torulose. CRUCIFERZ. 37 TRIBE tv. Fruit longitudinally : 2-celled, dehiscent, elongated, terete or prismatic or compressed parallel to the partition. 22 Thely odium. Pods slender, terete or quadrangular, often torulose, on a short thick stipe: valves 1-nerved: cotyledons incumbent. 23 Stanleya. Pods terete or subterete, on a slender elongated stipe: valves 1-nerved : cotyledons incumbent. TriBe v. Pods short, scarcely longer than broad, turgid or ob- compressed. Cotyledons incumbent. 24 Braya. Pods oblong to linear-oblong with flattish or convex faintly- nerved but not keeled valves. 25 Camelina. Silicle obovoid, 2-celled ae, many-seeded, with somewhat firm strongly convex valves, and thin obovate partition. 26 Subularia. Silicle turgid, subglobose, pyriform or short fusiform, dehiscent, several-seeded: cotyledons incumbent: aquatic herbs with subulate leaves. TRIBE vI_ Pods long or short, ae ai their whole length or the apex indehiscent Cotyledons longitudinally conduplicate. 27 Brassica, Pods slender and longitudinally dehiscent to near the apex. Serres u. Pods short, dehiscent their whole length. Valves more or less obcompressed, the partition usually narrow. Trpe vit. Pod a 2-celled silicle, strongly obcompressed or turgid. Pubescence wholly simple or none. 28 Bursa. Pods obcordate, reversed deltoid in outline. 22 Hutchinsia. Pods elliptical, entire at the apex. 30 Coronopus. Pods more or less distinctly didymous with thickish valves, falling off as closed or nearly closed 1-seeded nutlets: terres- trial herbs but growing in wet places. 31 Lepidium. Pods strongly obcompressed; with usually 1 ineeded cells: cotyledons incumbent. Terrestrial herbs. 32 Thlaspi. Pods strongly obcompressed, dehiscent; cells 2 to several seede : cotyledons accumbent. Glabrous terrestrial herbs. Series 1. Pods short, [rarely long], usually crustaceous and indurated, indehiscent, 1-2-celled, with 1-2 seeds in each cell. TrispE rx. Pods orbicular to elliptical. Ovule suspended. 33 Heterodraba. Pods short-elliptical, twisted, not margined, very tardi- ly dehiscent, by a very filmy partition 2-celled. 34 Athysanus. Pods orbicular, not margined, uncinate-hispid, indehis- cent: ovary 1-celled, 3-4-ovuled but only one maturing. 35 Thysanocarpus. Pods orbicular to obovate, wing-margined, 1-celled indehiscent: ovary 1-oyvuled : pubescence simple. SERIES tv. Pods elongated, indehiscent, 1-celled and many- seeded, or many-celled with 1 seed in each cell. TRIBE X. ~ Pods elongated, terete or ‘somewhat prismatic, often torose, multicellular and indehiscent. 36 coidecmig Fruit an indehiscent multicellular or transversely divid- ed pod. 38 CRUCIFERZ. PARRYA. CHEIRANTHUS. Tribe 1. Arabidewx DC. Stigma when lobed prolonged over the placentx. Pods 2-celled, sometimes incompletely so, regularly dehi- scent, flattened parallel to a broad partition or terete. Cotyledons accumbent (incumbent to convolute in Chieranthus). 1 PARRYA R. Br. in Parry Voy. App. 268. Low perennial herbs with mostly radical entire or toothed somewhat fleshy leaves, and rose-colored or purple flowers. Sep- als erect, equal or the lateral ones saccate at base. Petals spatu- late unguiculate. Anthers usually linear, Styleshort; stigma lobes connate. Pods compressed, the valves plane, 1-nerved. Seeds in 1 or 2 rows in the cells, large, somewhat compressed, orbicular. Cotyledons various. P. Menziesii Greene Bull. Torr. Club xiii, 148. Phenicaulis Cheiranthoi- des Nutt. T. & G. Fl. 1, 89. Cheiranthus Menziesiti Watson Bot. King, 14. Caudex stout and branching, the branches densely clothed with the persist- ent petioles of former seasons: radical leaves spatulate or oblanceolate, entire, 1-4 inches long, persistent, canescent, with a dense stellate pubesce- nce, the petioles nearly glabrous: scape-like stems several from each branch of the caudex, twice longer than the radical leaves, nearly glabrous, often leafy-bracted below: flowers large dark purple or red, to ochroleucous, in rather dense many-flowered racemes: pods spreading, on short, stout ped- icels, 1-2 inches long, 1-2 lines broad, not carinate, attenuate to the slen- der style, glabrous few-seeded. On stony hillsides, northern California and Nevada to Brit. Columbia east of the Cascade Mountains. Var. lanuginosa Watson in Gray’s Syn. Fl. 152. Pubescence more loose and woolly. Eastern Washington. 2 CHEIRANTHUS L. Gen.n. 815. Cheiranthus and Erysimum of authors. Biennial or perennial herbs with narrow entire or sparingly- toothed leaves and yellow or purple flowers in simple racemes. Sepals erect, oblong to linear-oblong, equal at base or the lateral ones somewhat saccaté. Petals commonly large with broad obo- vate blade and slender elongated claw. Stamens 6, free and un- appendaged. Pods strongly compressed, broadly linear with flat l-nerved valves or narrow and quadrangular with convex and more or less distinctly keeled valves. Seeds numerous, oblong and turgid, or suborbicular and flattened or winged. Cotyledons incumbent or accumbent or the radical very oblique. * Petals 2-216 lines long, yellow: pods subterete, 5-10 lines long: cotyledons incumbent or nearly so. C. turritoides Lam. Encycel. ii. 716. Erysimum cheiranthoides L. Stem erect, subterete, simple or with few subterminal branches: leaves lanceolate, acute at each end, entire or remotely and obscurely denticu- late, 1-3 inches long, thin, green on both faces, sparsely and finely pubes- cent: flowers small, yellow: pods obtusely angled, 5-10 lines long, on somewhat spreading and rather slender pedicels, glabrous, slenderly short- beaked. Along streams, eastern Oregon to Alaska and across the conti- nent. * * Petals 3-12 lines long, yellow or orange, rarely purple. Pods subterete or obviously 4-angled, not strongly compressed, 1-4 inches long ; cotyledons incumbent or rarely obiique or somewhat accumbent. CHEIRANTHUS. CRUCIFER. | 59 C. ineonspicuus Greene Pitt. iii. 134.. Erysimum. parviflorum Nuit. (1838), not Pers. (1807). Cinereous and scabrous with appressed forked hairs: stems erect, 0-18 inches high: leaves narrow, oblong-linear or lan- ceolate, mostly entire, the radical crowded, sometimes repand-dentate : sepals linear-oblong, acute, 3 lines long, little surpassed by the narrow sul- phur-yellow petals: pedicels 2-3 lines long, spreading in fruit: pods slen- der, suberect, 1-2 inches long, searcely narrowed above, tipped with a short stout style and 2-lobed stigma. Eastern Washington to Alaska, Wyoming and Minnesota. hiny C. elatus Greene. c. 135. Erysimum elatum Nutt. Scabrous,and usu- ally canescent with appressed 2-parted hairs: stems erect from a biennial or short-lived perennial root, 1-6 feet high, usually simple, angled; leaves lanceolate to entire or repand-dentate, or the lowest pinnatifid: petals yellow or orange, 6-8 lines long, with broadly obovate suborbicular, blade the very slender claw, much exceeding the oblong or linear sepals: pods 2-5 inches long by a line wide usually sharply angled, erect or spreading on spreading pedicels 2-6 lines long; style 1-2 lines long; stigma some- what 2-lobed: seeds oblong, brown, often sharply wing-appendaged at the apex. Comm»n on dry hillsides, California to Brit. Columbia. _ * * * Flowers large or middle-sized, pods more strongly flatten- ed, 1-nerved or somewhat keeled. C. occidentalis Watson Proc. Amer. Acad. xxiii, 261. Erysimum oc- cidentale, Rob. Stems erect, simple or branching from near the base, 2-18 inches high, from an annual or biennial root, becoming stout, angular, finely pubescent with appressed forked hairs: narrowly linear to lance-lin- - ear, leaves attenuate to long slender petioles entire or nearly so: racemes at first short, but becoming 4-8 inches long in fruit: pedicels stout, spread- ing 2-4 lines long: petals light yellow, 8-10 lines long, much exceeding the pale narrowly-oblong strongly saccate calyx : pods 3-4 inches long, 1% lines broad, rather abruptly beaked; style slender, 2 lines long; stigma small: seeds oblong, rather broadly winged: cotyledons accumbent. On sandy or gravelly banks, Klickitat-county, Washington to Nevada. C. arenicola Greene I. c.131. Erysimum arenicola Watson Proc. Am. Acad. xxvi, 142. Cespitose perennial: stems several from the densely mul- ticipital caudex, terete, 6-8 inches high: leaves very numerous, chiefly clustered at the base, oblanceolate, repandly denticulate, including the petiole 144 inches long, 2-3 lines broad, pubescent with white appressed 2-3 pointed hairs: racemes short, rather few-flowered: pedicels spreading, a line long: sepals 4 lines long; petals unknown: pods very gradually nar- rowed toa point: cotyledons oblique-incumbent. Olympic Mountains Washington, 5000 feet altitude. C. V. Piper. C. eapitatus Dougl.in Hook. Fl.1, 38. Cheiranthus asper Cham. & Schlecht. in Linneai, 14. Finely pubescent with appressed 2-parted or on the lowest leaves somewhat stellate hairs: stem 38-24 inches high from a per- ennial root, somewhat angular, stout, simple or less frequently branched, sometimes from the base: leaves oblong to spatulate or. linear, attenuate below, entire or more or less deeply repand-dentate: flowers light yellow, in a many-flowered at first subcapitate but elongating raceme: petals 8-12 lines long, with broad rounded blade and slender claw: pods 1-4 inches © long, 1-146 lines broad; valves flattish, l-nerved: style stout, 4-1 line long: stigma broad: seeds oblong, brown, margined. Common on the coast from Curry county, Oregon to California. 3 NASTURTIUM R. Br. in Ait. Hort. Kew ed. 2, iv, 109. Perennial herbs with lyrately compound or simple and _pin- natifid or undivided leaves and white flowers. Sepals erect. Pet- als unguiculate. Pods short, turgid, little compressed, nerveless. 40 CRUCIFERZ. NASTURTIUM. RORIPA. Seeds small, rounded, somewhat flattened, impressed punctate. N. orricrnaLe R. Br. 1. c. Glabrous; stems stoutish hollow rooting at the decumbent base, the branches %-5 feet long: roots all fibrous: leaves pinnate, leaflets rounded or elongated the terminal one largest: petals white, exceeding the calyx: pods divaricately spreading, 6-10 lines long, acute at each end, equaling the spreading pedicels, style short and thick. Common in brooks and wet places. Introduced from Europe. 4 RORIPA Scop. Fl. Carn. 520. Annual, biennial, or perennial herbs with yellow flowers in pan- iculate racemes. Commonly referred to Nasturtium. Sepals greenish yellow, ascending or spreading. Petals short-unguicu- late and ascending. Pods terete or nearly so; valves thin, nearly or quite nerveless. Seeds small, turgid and wingless, in 2 rows in each cell, minutely tuberculate. | R. sinuata A. 8. Hitchck. Spring Fl. Manh. 18. Nasturtium sinuatum, Nuit. Stems decumbent to prostrate pale green glabrous or slightly scurfy- pubescent: leaves narrowly oblong or oblanceolate, usually deep and regu- larly pinnatifid, the subequal obiong to deltoid segments entire or with 1 or 2 teeth: pedicels mostly divaricately spreading, slender, 2-5 lines long: ods oblong to linear, mostly 3-5 lines long acute at each end and beaked y a slender style, more or less curved. Eastern Oregon and Washington to the plains of the Saskatchewan, Minnesota and Arkansas. Var. pubescens. Nasturtium sinuatum var. pubescens Watson in Gray Syn. Fl. i. 174. Pubescent throughout with woolly hairs: stems very slen- . der, decumbent: racemes lax, 4—6 inches’ long: pedicels 3-6 lines long, very slender: ovary oblong-obovate, pubescent: style long and slender. On sandy ground Sauyie’s Island Oregon, at the mouth of the Willamette river. But one plant was found: if not abnormal it is a good species. R. Columbie. Nasturtium Columbix Suksdorf in Herb. distr. 952. Law and spreading, pubescent throughout: leaves rather narrow, deeply and narrowly pinnatifid: pedicels scarcely 2 lines long: pods short-oblong, 144 ~2 lines long, densely pubescent with short and rather fine somewhat papi- lose hairs. Low gravelly banks of the Columbia and Snake rivers, which are submerged most of the year. R. palustris Bess. Enum. 27. wWasturtitwm palustre DC. Glabrous or © rarely somewhat pubescent: stems erect trom a biennial root, 6-18 inches high, branching: lower leaves lyrate; upper more or less deeply pinnatifid or merely toothed, the lobes narrowly to broadly oblong, dentate ; pods ob- long, turgid, usually obtuse. Oregon to the Sierra Nevadas and the At- antic states. R. Pacifica. Nasturtiwm terrestre var. occidentale Watson, inGray Syn. Fl. i, 148. Glabrous or the auricles of the leaves sometimes ciliate: stems stout, 1-3 feet high from a stout annual or biennial root: more or less freely branching: leaves lanceolate, the lower ones lyrate, petioled, 2-6 inches long; the oblong to ovate segments erose-dentate: pods oblong, tur- gid acutish at both ends or obtuse above, 4-6 lines long, equaling the ‘ spreading pedicels. On alluvial soil lower Columbia valley to Brit. Colum- bia. R. spheroearpa Britton, Mem. Torr. club, v.170. Nasturtium sphe- rocarpum, Gray Pl. Fendl.6. More or less hispid with short spreading hairs: stems erect, 1-3 feet high from a biennial or winter annual root: branched above: lower leaves lyrate with oblong or ovate, dentate seg- ments, upper ones lanceolate, more or less pinnatifid or irregularly den- tate: pods short, mostly broadly elliptical or subglobose 1-3 lines long. Oregon and Washington. . RORIPA. ‘CRUCIFER. 41 BARBAREA. R. curvisiliqua Pessey Mem. Torr. club v. 169. Nasturtium curvisili- qua, Nutt. Glabrous, usually erect, diffusely branched 3-12 inches high from an annual root: leaves narrowly oblong or oblanceolate pinnatifid with oblong usually toothed lobes, rarely only sinuate toothed: flowers yellow in rather dense racemes: petals.a little exceeding the sepals: pods rather slender, 4-8 lines long, about equaling the pedicels, often curved. On rich, alluvial river bottoms, British Columbia to Lower California. R. lyrata Greene Man. 20. Nasturtium lyratum Nutt. Stems erect or decumbent, commonly diffusely branched from the base: leaves lyrate or pinnatifid, the segments oblong-lanceolate, incisely serrate or angularly toothed: pods linear, compressed, 8-10 lines long, more than twice the length of the pedicel, slightly curved, obtuse, tipped with the very short style. On muddy banks and in wet places, Oregon and northern Cali- ornia. R. polymorpha. Nasturtium polymorphum Nutt. T. & G.i, 74. Stems 6-10 inches. high from an annual or biennial root: leaves rather narrow, deeply pinnatifid or almost entire, the segments entire, short, linear acute: flowers:small; the petals scarcely longer than the calyx: pods ob- long-linear compressed: stigma minute, nearly sessile. ‘‘Banks of the Ore- gon, Nutt.’? Moist places. Willamette and lower Columbia valleys. _R. tenerrima Greene Eryth. iii, 46. Glabrous: stems weak and de- cumbent sparingly branched 6-10 inches long from an annual root: leaves few lyrately pinnatifid, the terminal lobe acutish, rachis of the few ra- cemes almost capillary: pods subconical to ovate-laaceolate slightly curved, the apex surmounted by a considerable beak-like style: valves and partition both very thin: seeds many in 2 rows under each valve. On moist banks, eastern California and western Nevada to Washington and Wyoming. Ss BARBARA Roe de Ait Kew. cds 2 ay 109 Glabrous erect branching biennial or perennial herbs with an- gled stems and entire or pinnatifid leaves. Sepals oblong, often colored: the lateral pair often saccate at base and slightly con- nate on the back near the apex. Petalsspatulate or with obovate blade and slender claws. Stamens 6, free and unappendaged, dis- tinctly tetradynamous. Style short: stigma bifid. Pods linear, elongated, somewhat 4-angled. Seeds in one row in each cell. Cotyledons slightly oblique. B. vulgaris R. Br.I.c. Stems erect, 1-3 feet high, simple or corym- bosely branched, somewhat angled: radical and lower caudate leaves usu- ally pinnately parted, the terminal lobe ovate or orbicular, rounded at.the apex and varying from cuneate to cordate at base, entire or with a few rounded teeth or lobes; lateral segments very variable usually oblong, en- tire or toothed: petioles auriculate at base: upper leaves entire or toothed, clasping at base: flowers ina short dense oblong raceme, bright yellow: petals nearly or quite twice as long as the sepals: pods ascending or sub- erect upon more or less spreading pedicels. Common along streams and in cultivated fields. Lower California to Alaska and across the continent. B. stricta Andrz. Bess. Enum. 72. Stems erect 1-2 feet high, leaves -yrately pinnatifid with a large rounded terminal lobe and 1-5 pairs of lat- eral ones: flowers pale yellow, during anthesis closely aggregate and sub- corymbose: petals usually not over a third or half longer than the ca- lyx: pods mostly appressed to the elongated rachis. Along streams etc., alifornia to Alaska and across the continent. 42 CRUCIFER. : ARABIS,: 6 ARABIS L.. Gen. n. 818. sou a ab Annual biennial or perennial herbs, rarely suffrutescent at base with usually simple leaves, stellate. or forked pubescence, and white or purple flowers in ebracteate racemes. Sepals equal or the lateral ones saccate at base. Petals entire or emarginate, usually unguiculate. ‘Stamens 6, free and unappendaged. Pods linear compressed parallel to the partition, with flat or subcon- vex, more or less prominently 1-nerved valves and membranace* ous partition. Stigma simple or barely 2-lobed. Seeds in 1-2 rows: elliptical or orbicular, more or less margined or winged. Cotyledons accumbent or oblique. : § 1 StsymprinA Watson in Gray Syn. Fl. i, 159. Bienni- als or perennials with the pubescence, if any, wholly simple above, but forked upon the lowest leaves. A. Nuttallii Robinson in Gray Syn. Fl. i, 160. A. spathulata Nutt. T. & G. Fl. i, 81, not DC. Stems slender simple, 6-10 inches high from a branching biennial or perennial rootstock, erect-or ascending, glabrous ~ above, more or less hirsute below: radical leaves spatulate-oblanceolate, obtuse or acutish, entire, an inch or less long: cauline narrowly oblong to elliptical, sessile but not auricled: petals 2-3 lines long, white: pods short, 6-9 lines long by % of a line broad, somewhat attenuate toa rather stout style: valves slightly convex, 1-nerved and faintly veined: seeds elliptical: cotyledons accumbent.. On low grounds, mountains of eastern Washing- ton and western Montana. . § 2 Turriris Flowers whitish; pods narrow: seeds in 2 rows in the cells. A. perfoliata Lam. Encycl. i, 219. Glaucous, stems erect, solitary, sim- ple or sparingly branched, usually stout, 1-6 feet high from a biennial root: radical leanes spatulate, 2-4 inches long, sinuate-pinnatifid or toothed, ciliate and more or less hirsute with stellate hairs; cauline leaves entire ovate to ovate-lanceolate, clasping by the sagittate base: raceme long and strict: flowers white or stramineous: petals linear-lanceolate, 2— 3 lines long, not more thau twice the length of the sepals: pods strictly erect almost terete, 3-4 inches long, less than a line wide, on short pedi- cels: style short or none, stigma 2-lobed: seeds somewhat in 2 rows nar- rowly winged or wingless: cotyledons accumbent to incumbent in the same pod. On dry ridges and stony hillsides, Brit. Columbia to Califor- nia and across the continent to New England and New Jersey. § 3 Evarasis Watsonin Gray Syn. Fl. i, 160 in part. Seeds orbicular or broadly elliptical, more or less wing-margined. Coty- ledons strictly accumbent. A. hirsuta Scop. Fl. Carn. ed. 2, ii, 30... More-or less hirsute at least at the base with spreading simple or forked, rarely stellate hairs: stems often clustered on the crown of the biennial root or branching caudex, 6-20 inches high, simple or with slender strict branches above: radical leaves in a rosulate cluster, ovate to spatulate attenuate to a winged petiole, entire or sparsely dentate; cauline ones ovate to oblong or lanceolate sessile and partly clasping by a somewhat sagittate or cordate base: petals white, spatulate twice as long as the greenish sepals: pods strictly erect 1-2 inches long, less than a line wide on erect slender pedicels; style very short and stout or the stigma nearly sessile: seeds suborbicular, very nar- rowly winged. In moist places, Sierra Neyadas of California through Ore- gon and Washington to northern Alaska and across the continent to the | ARABIS. CRUCIFER&. 43 mouth of the St. Lawrence and Virginia. Eu. & Asia. A. fureata Watson Proc. Am. Acad. xvii, 362. Stems several from a slender branching perennial ‘rootstock, slender ascending, 10-18 inches high: lower leaves oblong-ovate, attenuate below toa stout petiole, few- toothed, 1-3 inches long; sparingly pubescent and ciliate with coarse forked hairs; cauline oblong to linear or lanceolate, scarcely auricled : flow- ers largein a lax few-flowered raceme; petals white broadly spatulate, 6-7 lines long, more than twice as long as the sparingly hirsute sepals: pods 10-20 lines long, less than a line broad, attenuate to avery short style, on slender pedicels 6-10 lines long: seeds oblong-elliptical, winged at the lower end. On bluffs of the Columbia river fromthe mouth of the Sandy to near Hood river. A. Suksdorfii. A. furcata Watson I. c. in part. Stems tufted from a thick perennial root, simple, 3-8 inches high, strictly erect, lower leaves oblong-oboyate 1-3 inches long, sparingly pubescent and ciliate with branched hairs, entire or few-toothed; cauline few, oblong to lanceolate: flowers middle-sized, in a strict somewhat dense raceme: petals white, spatulate 3-5 lines long: pods 6-18 lines long by less than a line broad, erect on short erect pedicels. On dry alluvial ridges Mount Adams Wash- ington near the line of perpetual snow. A. purpurascens Howell in Herb. Greene Pitt. i, 161. Usually livid- purple throughout: stems tufted, from a branching perennial root, simple, usually slender, 6-30 inches high, soft-pubescent with simple or forked hairs and a shorter, more branching pubescence beneath: leaves scattered but rather ample, thin sparsely pubescent: the lowest obovate-oblong at- tenuate below toa petiole, the cauline narrowly-oblong sessile, all with scattered coarse and salient teeth: racemes loose and few-flowered ; calyx purple 2-3 lines long: petals 6-9 lines long deep rose purple: pods slender, 2 inches long less than a line wide. On rocky ridges and bluffs, northern base of the Siskiyou Mountains from Ashland to Waldo Oregon. A. atrorubens Suksdorfin Herb. Greene Eryth. i, 223. Pale and glaucescent or the herbage becoming purplish in full maturity: stems erect, a foot or more high from a branching perennial root: radical leaves spatulate-oblong, an inch long, stellate-pubescent ; cauline ones glabrous, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, sessile and auriculate-ciasping, all rather re- motely and coarsely serrate-toothed: raceme simple, strict, few-flowered : sepals dark red, sparsely pubescent with branching hairs: petals dark red or almost black about 4 lines long: pods suberect narrowly linear, acute, 3 inches long or more: seeds flattened, narrowly winged. Edge of brush- lands on the higher part of the Klickitat hills, Klickitat county, Wash- ington. ui A. sparsiflora Nutt. T. & G. Fl. i, 81. Stems 1-3 feet high from a bi- ennial or perennial root, sparingly pubescent below with forked or simple hairs: lower leaves numerous, entire oblanceolate, on slender petioles; cauline leaves oblong to linear-lanceolate, entire, sessile and clasping by the auricled base, acute: racemes rather few-flowered ; flowers small ; pet- als linear-oblong, bright purple, twice as long as the often colored sepals: pods 2-3 inches long, spreading or suberect on spreading pedicels: seeds narrowly winged. On dry plains, eastern Oregon and Washington to the Rocky Mountains and northern Nevada. A. Bolanderi Watson Proc. Am. Acad. xxii, 467.. More or less pubes- cent throughout with soft stellate hairs: stem solitary, much branched, 1- ' 2 feet high from a biennial root: radical leaves not known; catline lanceo- late, 1-2 inches long, auriculate-clasping entire: flowers small 2-3 lines long, rose-colored: sepals and pedicels pubescent: pods mostly diva 1 «& spreading, glabrous, straight, 6-18 lines long obtuse with a broad i« stigma: valves l-nerved to the middle: seeds. orbicular to elliptic a rowly winged. Yosemite Valley, Bolander; Washington, Brandegee. 44 | CRUCIFERZ. ARABIS, A. Breweri Watson Proc. Am. Acad. xi, 128. Stems several from a branching perennial caudex 4-12 inches high, more or less villous with spreading simple or branched hairs or stellate pubescent towards the base, lower leaves narrowly oblanceolate, entire or toothed, finely stellate-pub- escent, an inch long or less, the petioles often ciliate; upper cauline leayes lanceolate to narrowly oblong, sessile with a cordate base or obtusely au- riculate, somewhat villous or pubescent or nearly glabrous; flowers bright rose-color or purplish to nearly white, 3-4 lines long; the pedicels and pur- plish calyx more or less villous: pods at length spreading and more or less arcuate 144-8 inches long bya line or more broad, acute with a sessile stigma ; valves 1-nerved, veined: seeds orbicalar, narrowly winged. South- western Oregon to middle Ca:ifornia. A. Lemmoni Watson Proc. Am. Acad xxii, 467. Stems several from a branching perennial caudex, slender, 6 inches high or less, glabrous above, hoary below with fine dense stellate pubescence: lower leaves spatulate- oblanceolate, rarely with one or two teeth, 6-9 lines long, the petioles sometimes ciliate; cauline leaves oblong-lanceolate, auriculate, mostly gla- brous or nearly so: flowers 2-3 lines long, rose-colored; sepals pubescent : pods ascending or widely spreading, on short pedicels glabrous, curved 1- 2 inches long by 34 of a line broad, more or less attenuated toa sessile stigma or short style: seeds in one row, orbicular, narrowly winged. In the mountains from northern California to Mount Adams Washington, Nevada, Wyoming, Montana and Brit. Columbia. | A. Koehleri (In honor of R. Koehler of the S. P. R. R., who has shown me many favors while botanizing in Oregon). Stems slender, 8-6 inches high from a perennial much branched woody caudex; lower leaves densely rosulate at the ends of the branching caudex, persistent, linear-lanceolate to spatulate, narrowed below but scarcely pet- ioled, 6-12 lines long entire, canescent with stellate pubescence; cau- line leaves only one or two, broadly subulate, auriculate: racemes few- flowered; flowers scarlet 4-6 lines long: pods 2-3 inches long, a line broad, often arcuate, erect on slender pedicels; style very short or none: seeds small, narrowly winged. On cliffs, etc., in the Coast Mount- ains of Douglas county, Oregon and along the Umpqua river at Roseburg, flowering early. A. Lyallii Watson Proc. Am. Acad. xi, 122. Giabrous throughout or sometimes stellate-pubescent below: stems several or many from a branched perennial caudex, 2-10 inches high: lower leaves spatulate to ‘linear-oblanceolate, usually 6-12 lines long, sometimes 2-3 inches long: the cauline narrowly lanceolate to oblong, sometimes scarcely ‘urinted: flowers rose-color, 2-3 lines long; sepals glabrous: pods erect or ascending, straight or nearly so, 1-2 inches long by 74-1 line broad, narrowed toa short style or sessile stigma; valves 1-nerved, at least to the middle, veined: seeds orbicular narrowly winged in 1 row. On the highest peaks of the Cascade Mountains from Brit. Columbia to California, Montana and Utah. A. microphylla Nutt.T. & G. Fl. i, 82. Stems slender, 2-6 inches high from a slender branching perennial caudex, somewhat hirsute at base with spreading hairs or nearly glabrate: lower leaves stellate pubescent, linear, acutish, 4-6 lines long; cauline leaves few, sessile linear-lanceolate to narrowly oblong: racemes few-flowered: flowers pale rose-color to pink, 2-3 lines long: pods’ only 2-6 at the ends of the filiform branches, erect, 1-2 inches long by %-34 of a line wide: seeds small, slightly winged. | Qn rocky banks, eastern Oregon to Wyoming and Utah. A. Cusickii Watson Proc..Am. Acad. xvii, 363, Villous-hirsute with scattered spreading mostly simple hairs. Stems usually several from a biennial (?) root, 6-10 inches high, simple hirsute or glabrate above: rad- ical leaves linear-oblanceolate, hirsute and ciliate, 8-12 lines long; the up- De 8 nd ee ee 7 . -ARABIS. CRUCIFERE. 45 per ones linear-oblong and clasping but not auriculate, all entire or spar- ingly toothed: petals white with purple veins, linear spatulate, about 3 lines long, twice as long as the sparingly pubescent sepals and exceeding the pedicels: pods ascending, faleate 2-3 inches long by a line, broad acuminate, stigma sessile: seeds acutely margined. On_ high rocky ridges, Klickitat county to Spokane county, Washington and Union county Oregon. A. platysperma Gray Proc. Am. Acad. vi, 519. Glaucous, sometimes wholly glabrous: stems erect or ascending froma branching perennial root- stock, 2-12 inches high, simple or branched: lower leaves oblanceolate, about an inch long; the upper oblong to linear-lanceolate, sessile: petals rose-colored or nearly white 2-3 lines long: pods erect or a little spreading, 1-2'6 inches long by 144-24 lines wide, attenuate to a short stout style; valves distinctly veined, l1-nerved toward the base: seeds orbicular, broadly winged. From Mount Hood Oregon to the San Bernardino and Sierra Nevada Mountains. A. Howellii Watson Proc. Am. Acad. xxv, 124. Glabrous; stems 1-4 inches high from a much-branched cespitose caudex: lower leaves glau- caus, entire, linear-oblanceolate, an inch long, often sparsely ciliate tow- ards the base; the few cauline narrowly oblong obtusish, sessile some- what clasping but not auriculate at base: flowers few, pale to bright pink, 3-4 lines long: pods erect 1-2 inches long by 2 lines broad acuminate; stigma sessile: seeds orbicular, broadly winged. On Ashland Butte, Sis- kiyou Mountains, Oregon. § 4 Penputa Flowers nodding, usually pale. Pods usually pendulous. Seeds in 1-2 rows in the cells. A. suffruteseens Watson Proc. Am. Acad. xvii, 362. Glabrous throughout or sparingly stellate pubescent below: stems several from a branching woody perennial caudex, 8-12 inches high: lower leaves nar- rowly oblanceolate, acute, about an inch long: the cauline more oblong and sessile or shortly auriculate-clasping: racemes few-flowered; sepals purple, 3 lines long: pods 1-24% inches long by 144-2 lines wide, attenuate to a short style, straight, pendant, on reflexed pedicels 4-6 lines long: seeds orbicular winged. On dry rocky ridges, Mount Adams Washington to the bluffs of Snake river in Oregon and the Siskiyou Mountains near the northern line of California.. A. retrofracta Graham Edinb. New Phil. Journ. 1829, 344. Stems erect from a biennial root, 1-3 feet high, simple or branching above, gla- brous and often somewhat glaucous above, minutely pubescent below with reflexed simple or forked hairs: leaves narrowly lanceolate to linear, the lower ones attenuate below to a winged petiole, rather coarsely serrate- dentate, an inch or two long, densely pubescent with stellate hairs; the upper ones linear, sessile deeply sagittate entire 144-3 inches long: ra- cemes few to many-flowered ; flowers nodding on spreading tomentose ped- icels: petals spatulate, pale to bright purple, 3-4 lines long, twice as long as the pubescent calyx : pods linear, 2-3 inches long by half a line wide and with the pedicels strongly refracted: seeds obovate, narrowly winged, along streams, eastern Oregon and Weshington to the Rocky Mountains: and Brit. Columbia. A. secunda Howell Eryth. iii, 33. Stems severa! from a branching woody base 10-18 inches high, stellate-pubescent: lower leaves lanceolate, about an inch long, narrowed below to a winged petiole, entire, acute; cau- line leaves linear, revolute, sessile, distinctly auricled 6-12 lines long: ra- cemes many-flowered, strictly secund: pods 1-2 inches long, less than a line wide on filiform pedicels 2-3 lines long that are all deflexed one way forming a secund spike; seeds small, narrowly winged, in 1 row. On dry ridges Mount Adams, Washington. 46 CRUCIFER A. ARABIS. STREPTANTHUS. A. Columbiana Macoun Cat. Canada PI. ii, 304. Winter annual: al- most smooth or pubescent below with branching hairs: lower leaves slightly toothed and tapering into a petiole ; cauline sessile and often clasp- ing: flowers white: pods exactly sickle-shaped, 3-4 inches long. Common on the lower slopes of mountains, northern Washington to Brit. Columbia. A. eanescens T. & G. FI. i, 83. Finely stellate-pubescent throughout: stems one to several from a perennial or biennial root, 2-8 inches high; simple or branched: lower leaves linear-oblanceolate, an inch long or less; cauline leaves linear, clasping but hardly auriculate: flowers small 2 lines or less long, pale: pods pendulous, pubescent or glabrate, 1-14 inches long by less than a line broad, on pedicels 1-3 lines long; valves J-nerved to the middle: seeds small, orbicular, winged, in 1 or 2 rows. On dry plains, Blue Mountains and Harney valley Oregon, to the Rocky Mountains and Brit. Columbia. A. areuata Gray Proc. Am. Acad. vi, 187 (?). More or less stellate- pubescent or hirsute: stems erect, 6 inches to 2 feet or more high from a perennial woody caudex, simple or branched ; lower leaves spatulate, entire or denticulate acute, 1-2 inches long; cauline oblong-lanceolate, sagit- tate and clasping at base 6-12 lines long or more; racemes rather few-flow- ered; flowers pale nodding; petals 3-4 lines long, white or purple, twice as long as the sepals: pods 1-4 inches long by a line or more broad erect and slightly curved or spreading and strongly faleate. On rocky ridges and dry plains, eastern Oregon and Washington to southwestern Oregon. A. subpinnatifida Watson Proc. Am. Acad. xx, 353. Canescent with a very fine and dense stellate pubescence: stems 1 to several from a branch- ing somewhat woody base: lower leaves crowded and persistent, linear- oblanceolate, entire or sparingly toothed, 9-12 lines long; upper ones lanceolate, coarsely and subpinnatifidly toothed: flowers pale pink, 3-3 lines long: pods strongly reflexed, on pedicels 2-5 lines long, 144-3 inches long, 1-14% lines broad, more or less attenuate to the short style, pubes- cent, slightly curved; valves 1-nerved to the middle and vVeined; seeds in one row, as broad as the partition, winged. On dry rocky ridges, south- western Oregon and and adjacent California to northwestern Nevada. 7 STREPTANTHUS Nutt. Jour. Acad. Philad. v, 134, t. 7. Caulescent branching herbs with entire or toothed, or rarely pinnatifid leaves and purple white or yellowish flowers. Sepals ovate or oblong usually colored, equal at base (rarely one or both pair saccate), commonly connivent. Petals often without a di- lated blade, more or less twisted or undulate; the claw chan- neleJ. Stamens 6, the longer pair often connate below. Anthers ‘more or less elongated, sagittate at base. Pods sessile upon the enlarged receptacle, oblong to narrowly linear compressed to sub- terete: valves 1-nerved; partition hyaline: stigma simple. Seeds flat, margined cr winged. Cvotyledons accumbent. Ours all of - § Euxuista T. & G. Fl. 1,67. Petals narrow, the blade but little if any broader than the claw, undulate ecrisped. Calyx closed or with spreading tips. — | | S. orbiculatus Greene Fl. Francis. 258. Glabrous and glacous: stems erect from an annual or biennial root, 6-18 inches high, diffusely branched from the base: lowest leaves round obovate, very obtuse or even truncate, crenately or more remotely and repandly toothed, abruptly narrowed to a petiole sa long as the blade: middle cauline obovate-spatulate, auricled and clasping; uppermost orbicular, mostly entire, obtuse, sepals purple, - STREPTANTHUS. CRUCIFERZ. 47 CAULANTHUS. -3 lines long, acute but-not acuminate at. length petaloid-dilated undulate and whitish at the recurved tips: stamens in-3 unequal pairs, the upper part much the longest: torus dilated: pods. 2 inches long, faleate, on as- eending pedicels strongly torulose ; seeds wingless, though sometimes dis- tinctly but very narrowly margined. On dry rocky ridges-of the Siskiyou Mountains to the Sierra Nevadas. S. glandulosus Hook Ic. t.40(?). Sparsely setose-pubescent below, smooth above: stems erect from an annual root, 1-2 feet high, branching: lowest leaves broadly oval-or obovate, nearly sessile, dentate; cauline leaves ovate, clasping by a broad base, the uppermost lanceolate and acuminate, entire or denticulate: flowers purple; sepals acuminate 2-3 lines long, somewhat pubescent or glabrate; the purple petals a half longer : one pair of filaments connate below: pods 144-214 inches long, less than a line wide, erect or ascending: seeds margined. Base of the Siski- you Mountains near Waldo, Oregon. ~ S. longirostris Watson Proc. Am. Acad. xxv, 127. Arabis longirostris Watson Bot. King 17, t. 2, Brewer and Watson Bot. Cal. i, 31. Glabrous and glaucous: stems erect 1-4 feet high from on annual root, branching from the base, radical leaves ovate-spatulate, entire or sparingly toothed : flowers spreading or reflexed purplish.or white 2-3 lines long: sepals lin- ear, not closed over the ovary 2 lines long, the lower pair saccate at base, but little shorter than the narrow petals: pods 1-2 inches long by a line broad, straight attenuate to a slender style, pendulous on short reflexed edicels: seeds elliptical, winged. In alkaline or sandy localities, Wallula, Washington to Lower California and Utah. He ~ §. Howellii Watson Proc. Am. Acad. xx, 353. Glabrous and glau- cous: the stout leafy simp:e stem 6-30 inches high from a _ perennial some- what fleshy root: lower leaves obovate-spatulate, 1-6 inches long coarsely repand-dentate; the upper ones narrowly spatulate, entire not clasping : racemes elongated: pedicels 3-10 lines long not spreading: sepals purple, ovate, acute, 3 lines long more or less saccate; the dark purple petals but little longer: filaments all distinct: pods 2-3 inches long by 124-2 lines broad, erect or spreading on stout pedicels: seeds oblong, winged. South- ern Oregon near Waldo, and on Stein’s mountain, southeastern Oregon. 8 CAULANTHUS Watson Bot. King, 27. Stout perennial herbs with mostly pinnatifid leaves and dull- colored flowers in. long loose racemes... Sepals large, nearly equ- ally saceate at base. Petals but little longer than the sepals, undulate-crisped, the blade only a somewhat dilated rhomboidal extension of the broad claw. 1 LINUM L. Gen. n. 389. Leaves estipulate. Flowers 5-merous, symmetrical, except that the carpels are fewer than the other parts in one section. Sepals persistent or at length deciduous. Petals fugacious. Capsule splitting through the false partitions and also septicidal in most species. * Pedicels elongated: flowers large blue. L. Lewisii Pursh. Fl. 210. Perennial, glabrous and glaucous 2-3 feet high: stems mostly cespitosely clustered, striate: leaves often somewhat crowded, oval-linear, acute or obtusish, 3-5-nerved: flowers somewhat cor- ymbose: sepals broadly oval mostly pointless, the inner searious margined : petals 5-8 lines long, thrice the length of the calyx: stamens equal to or twice the length of the sepals, appendages slender: capsule two or three times as long as the calyx ovoid, obtuse, incompletely 10-celled and 10- valved, the valves dehiscing widely above and separating nearly to the centre below, the septa ciliate. Alaska to Saskatchewan and the Great Plains, south to Arkansas and Texas, west to the Cascade and Siskiyou Mountains. - * * Pedicels often elongated, flowers of medium-size or mostly small, yellow, white or rose-purple: sepals usually glandular-ciliate, persistent: petals commonly with lateral teeth and 1-3 ventral ap- pendages at base: filaments without intervening appendages but sometimes 2-toothed at base: carpels 2-3 without cartilaginous inser- tions: styles distinct; stigmas small, oblique or subcapitate: capsule with firm septa, long, ciliate at base, the false partitions mostly incom- plete seeds mostly plump: annuals. L. digynum Gray Proc. Am. Acad. vii, 334. About a span high, gla- brous, stems slender, several times forked, rather prominently angled abi ve: leaves mostly opposite elliptical-spatulate, the lower obtuse and entire, the upper acute or mucronate and remotely serrulate, flowers at length corymbose or subracemose,small,yellow : pedicels short about equal to the flowers: sepals ovate-oblong rather obtuse, minutely serrulate, glandular and lacerate below, two of them mostly conspicuously longer and very blunt; petals spatulate-oblong, truncate or emarginate not ap- pendaged about a line long, one half longer than the sepals: stamens and pistils a little shorter than: the calyx: catpels 2: capsule a little shorter than the calyx, completely 4-celled. Washington to northern California. L. micranthum Gray |. ¢. 333. A span to a foot high, glaucous, some- what soft-pubescent, loosely dichotomous with slender terete branches: leaves spatulate-oblong, obtuse or acutish, entite; I-nerved: pedicels slen- der, longer than the minute white flowers: sepals ovate-lanceolate to oblong the inner slightly glandular ciliate: petals obovate; about twice the length of the calyx, not toothed and without lateral appendages, the median ap- pores ligulate and loosely hairy: filaments round-toothed and slightly airy at base: capsule ovoid, acute about equal to the calyx, the false ' GERANIUM. GERANIACE. 105 septa incomplete extending half way to the axis below the middle, nar- rowed above. California and Oregon. Orper XVII. GERANIACEA J. St. Hil. Expos. Fam.ii, 51. Herbs or shrubs with toothed, lobed or compound leaves, pérfect regular or irregular but commonly symmetrical flow- ers on axillary peduncles. Sepals 5, imbricated in the bud. Petals 5, general'y imbricated in the bud. Stamens mostly in two sets, those alternate with the petals sometimes sterile: filaments either dilated or monadelphous at base. Ovary formed of 5 1-celled carpels around a central axis with 2 anatvopous ovules in each cell of which only J matures, separating elastically at maturity from the long-beaked and indurated central axis from below upward, the styles form- ing long tails which become revolute upward, or spirally twisted. Embryo filling the seed. Cotyledons convolute pleated and incumbent on the radicle. 1. Gerahium. Fertile stamens 10; tails of the carpels not bearded. 2. Erodium. Fertile stamens 5, tails of the carpels bearded. 1 GERANIUM L. Gen. n. 832. Usually caulescent herbs with simple radiately-divided, petioled stipulate leaves and 1-3 flowered peduncles with a 4-bracted in- volucre at the ba e of the pedicels. Sepals 5, imbricated in the bud, persistent. Petals 5, deciduous. Stamens 10, all antherifer- ous (except in G. pusillum), mostly united a little at base ; fila- ments slender in 2 sets, with a gland behind the base of each of the shorter ones. Ovary 5-lobed, 5-celled: style 5-lobed at the summit, the lobes stigmatic on the inner face. Carpels at ma-. turity separating from the long-beaked ‘axis and borne on the re- curving persistent beardless styles, (except in G. pusillum). * Annuals with small flowers, the petals not exceeding the sep- als: perhaps introduced, but now thoroughly naturalized. + Sepals awned: carpels hairy, at maturity detached from. the axis and borne on the recurved style. G. Carolinianum L. Sp. ii, 682. Erect, diffusely much branched from the base or nearly simple 4-20 inches high, pubescent: leaves 1-24 inches in diameter, palmately 5-7-lobed or parted, the divisions cleft into oblong - linear lobes: pedicels short, crowded at the end of branchlets: petals ob- cordate, pale flesh-color, equalling the awned sepals: carpels pubescent: seeds obscurely reticulated. Common from Brit. Columbia to California and across the continent. G. pissecrum L. Ameen. iv, 282. Decumbent. or ascending, 6-20 inches long, dichotomously branched, pubescent: leaves 5-7-parted; the divisions deeply and unequally cleft into linear Jobes: peduncles elongated usually solitary in the forks of the branches: petals rose-color, a little longer than the ovate acuminate sepals: carpels hairy: seeds strongly reticulated. Cultivated grounds about the mouth of the Willamette river. + + Sepals not awned, mature carpels detached from the axis and some on the recurved style. G. motu L: Sp. Pl. ii, 682: Low; slender, diffuse; the branches a few 106 GERANIACE. GERANIUM, inches to a foot long, the herbage softly and somewhat clammily villous: leaves an inch broad or more, cleft into oblong obtusish lobes: sepals ovate- oblong, not awn-pointed: petals very small, rose-color: carpels glabrous, transversely rugose: seeds minutely striate. Plentiful northward, from northwestern California to Brit. Columbia. + + + fepals not awned: carpels rugose, not hairy, at maturity remaining on the axis, not borne on the recurved style. G. pusittum L. Sp. ed. 2, 957. Soft-pubescent or the pedicels and calyx villous and usually glandular: stemsslender or ascending, 3-6 inches long: lower leaves orbicular an inch or less in diameter equally cleft into 7-9 linear or oblong lobes, each more or less regularly 3-toothed at the apex; cauline round-reniform, 5-7-parted, the divisions cleft into linear lobes: peduncles often in the axils of bracts opposite the leaves, short: sepals ovate, acute or acuminate not awned: petals pale purple, about equalling the calyx, usually only 5 of the filaments antheriferous: carpels ’ fine canescent, keeled, not wrinkled: seeds smooth. Common in open places throughout the Willamette valley; introduced from Europe. * * Perennials: flowers large: stems naked below, dichotomously branched with opposite leaves above: sepals shortly aristate, scarious on one side, the scarious portion often extending lobe-like beyond the apex : filaments and petals pilose at base. G.. Fremonti Torr, in Gray Pl. Fendl. 26. Rather stout, more or less pubescent throughout with a close glandular pubescence, sparsely inter- mixed with longer pilose hairs: radical leaves 7-cleft, the segments 3-lobed or incised; cauline 3-5 cleft, the divisions 3-lobed: petals obovate twice the length of the sepals: villous at base. Dry open hillsides, Idaho to the Rocky Mountains. G. Richardsoni F. & M. Ind. Sem. Petr. iv, 37. Erect with slender branches 114-3 feet high: pubescence usually fine and appressed: leaves deeply 5-7-cleft, lobes sharply incised : pedicels and sepals glandular pilose : tals entire, hirsute at base. In the mountains from Brit. Am. to New exico and westward, perhaps on our eastern border. G. incisum Nutt. T. & G. Fl, i, 206. Densely pilose with short white spreading or deflexed hairs to nearly glabrate: stems- stout, numerous from the crown of a large somewhat woody perennial root, 1-3 feet high, dichotomously branched above with a long 2-flowered peduncle or branch in the forks or at length a pair of opposite sessile leaves, with a peduncle in theaxil of each, appearing compact and many-flowered: lower leaves very long petioled, ample, round-reniform in outline, primarily deeply 3-lobed or-parted, the broad cuneiform lateral segments eeply 2-lobed, the oblong lobes coarsely incised and serrate; the upper ones similar but very short petioled or sessile :flowers purple, on slender pedicels 4-2 inches long, somewhat abruptly contracted above to the rather stout awn, outer one somewhat pubescent and more or less glandular-ciliate; inner ones min- utely pubescent, with rather broad scarious margins; petals broadly obo- vate 6-8 lines long, more or less retuse, conspicuously veined, densely bearded at base ; filaments about equalling the style, dilated and ciliate at base ; ae minutely hispid, the free tips 1-2 lines long and spreading or recurved. Along small streams, eastern Oregon and Washington to Brit. Columbia and Dakota. G. Oreganum. Pilose with short white deflexed hairs or that of the pedicels spreading and gland-tipped, stems several from the crown of a thick perennial root, erect, 1-2 feet high comparatively slender with long internodes, dichotomously branched: leaves all rather long petioled, deeply 5-7-cleft, the cuneate segments irregularly incised and toothed: flowers bright purple on long slender ascending peduncles thus appearing loosely flowered, pedicels 1-2 inches long slender: sepals oblong-ovate, outer ones - BRODIUM. GERANIACE. 107 4-5 lines long, glandular ciliate and minutely pilose, gradually contracted to the slender awn, inner ones with rather broad purple margins and ab- ruptly awned ; petals obovate entire, 6-8 lines long densely bearded on the edges at base inside, obscurely veined; filaments longer than the styles dilated and ciliate at base ; styles pilose, the free tips %-1 line long, con- nivent. Carpels minutely pubescent; beak 2 inches long. Edge of woods and open places throughout the Willamette valley. 2 ERODIUM L’Her. Geran. t. 1-6. Herbs, rarely shrubby with pinnately parted or palmately veined stipulate leaves and 1-3-flowered peduncles usually in the axils of the upper leaves. Sepals 5, equal, regular. Petals 5, mostly equal. Stamens 10, the 5 opposite the petals short and sterile, or reduced to scales, the 5 alternate with the petals longer and perfect, with nectariferous glands at the base of the fila- ments, Styles persistent, bearded on the inner side, at length spirally twisted below. Leaves often pinnate and bipinnately parted or lobed, when opposite more or less unequal in size: peduncles terminal or lateral (opposite the leaves or in the axil of the smaller one), umbellately 2-several-flowered with a 4- bracted involucre at the base of the pedicels. Carpels very sharp- pointed below, covered with obliquely ascending appressed hairs, tardily if at all dehiscent. Seeds obconical or oblong, not sculptured. * Leaves mastly opposite, pinnate or pinnatifid, the divisions lobed or toothed : pedicels at length deflexed, the fruit remaining erect. E. crcurarium L’Her. Ait. Hort. Kew. ii, 414. Hairy, much branched from the base, an inch to 2 feet long: leaves opposite, pinnate, the leaflets laciniately pinnatifid with narrow acute lobes: peduncles exceeding the leaves bearing a 4-8-flowered umbel: sepals 1-3 lines long,facute: petals bright rose-color, a little longer: tail of the carpels 1-2 inches long. Com- mon throughout the Pacific States and Territories. Flowers in very early spring. E. moscnatum Willd. Sp. ili, 631. More or less glandular pubescent: stems a few inches to a foot long: leaves pinnate, the oblong-ovate leaflets unequally and doubly serrate: flowers pale on short pedicels: sepals 3-4 lines long: whole plant exhaling a musky odor. Roadsides, southwestern Oregon and California. * * Leaves mostly radical, round-ovate: pedicels erect in fruit. ‘E. macrophyllum H. & A. Bot. Beechy 327 (?). Somewhat canes- cent with short spreading hairs that are often gland-tipped: subcau- lescent, with a straight perpendicular annual root: leaves round reniform to triangular ovate with a broad shallow sinus, cre- nately dentate, 6-18 lines broad, on petioles 1-3 inches long: ped- uncles stout, 1-6 inches long 1-several-flowered: inyolucral bracts lanceolate, acuminate, 1-2 lines long: sepals broadly lanceolate shortly acuminate scarious margined, prominently 5-nerved: petals white, ob- ovate, entire, 2-3 lines long exceeding the calyx: stamens 5, subtended by a broad appendage that is attached to them half way up or more:: style shorter than the stamens, 5-lobed: carpels densely hispid 5-7 lines long, prominently keeled, acuminate below: seed oblong, smooth, 3 lines long. n clayey soil near Ashland, Oregon. 108 LIMNANTHACE. LIMNANTHES. Orper XVIII. LIMNANTHACEZ Lindl. Nat. Syst. ed. 2, 142. Glabrous annual herbs with pungent juice, pinnately dis- sected alternate leaves without stipules and pale flowers. Sep- als 3-5, valvate in the bud, united at base, persistent. Petals 3-5, withering-persistent. Stamens twice as many as petals and inserted with them upon a somewhat perigynous disk, all antheriferous, filaments distinct, those opposite the sepals hay- ing a small gland at the base on the outside: those opposite the _ petals usually shorter: anthers roundish introrse. Ovary con- sisting of 2-5 distinct 1-ovuled carpels opposite the sepals, the styles rising from the centre of each carpel and united into one nearly to the top: stigmas simple. Carpels becoming semi- drupaceous tuberculate nutlets. Seeds erect, anatrepous, with- out. albumen. Embryo with very large cotyledons and very short radicle. 1. Limnanthes. Sepals, petals and carpels normally 5: stamens 10. 2. Flerkea. Sepals, petals and carpels normally 3: stamens 6. 1 LIMNANTHES R. Br. Lond. & Edinb. Phil. Mag. 1833 ii, 70. Low annuals with estipulate pinnatifid leaves and showy white, yellowish or rose-color flowers, solitary on lateral and terminal peduncles: growing in water or wet places. Calyx deeply 5- parted. Petals 5, persistent. Glands 5, alternating with the pet- als. Stamens10. Style 5-cleft at the apex. Ovary with solitary ascending ovules. Carpels distinct, subglobose, at first fleshy, at length hard and indehiscent, separating from the axis. L. Douglasii R. Br. 1. c. Glabrous throughout, diffusely branched from the base: the succulent stems 6-8 inches long: leaves pinnate, the leaflets incisely lobed or parted into linear acute lobes: peduncles at length 2-4 inches long: sepals lanceolate acute, 3 or 4 lines long: petals obovate, emarginate, 6-8 lines long, white, with yellow base: style very slender 3-4 lines long: seeds densely covered with coarse obtusish tubercles. Umpqua valley, Oregon. | L. gracilis. Glabrous throughout, branching from the base, the slen- der stems 6-18 inches long: leaves pinnate, the ovate to ovate-lanceo- late or linear acute, leaflets entire or 3-parted: sepals lanceolate, acumi- nate, 3 lines long: petals oblanceolate, truncate or emarginate 6-7 lines long, white with yellowish base: fruit smooth or sparsely tuberculate. On wet rocks, Rogue River Valley and southward. L. rosea Hart. in Benth. Pl. Hartw. 301. Glabrous, petals obovate and emarginate or obcordate, light rose-color or purplish below, villous within near the base: fruit strongly tuberculate. California, to be looked for on our southwest border. L. pumila. Glabrous, simple or sparingly branched near the base, 2-4 inches high: leaves commonly bipinnate with trifoliolate pinne; pinules lanceolate to oblanceolate acute: sepals lanceolate acuminate 3-4 lines long: petals white, oblong entire, little if at all longer than the sepals: stamens about half the length of the petals: carpels ovoid, rugose below, crowned with short-conic processes. On top of Table Rock, Jackson County, Oregon. L. floccosa. Flocecose-villous, stems simple or sparingly branched FLOERKIA. _ OXALIDACE. 109 ' OXALIS. near the base, 1-3 inches high, recurving; leaves pinnate with linear or lanceolate pinnee: flowers white on short s!ender penduncles fascicled at the end of the stem or branches: sepals broadly lanceolate, acuminate densely villous within: petals oblong, 3-4 lines long not exceeding the sepals: stamens not more than % the length of the petals: carpels obovoid the upper half beset with white acuminate processes. On gravelly plains, Jackson county, Oregon to northern California. 2 FLOXRKEA Willd. Neue Schr. Ges. Nat, Fr, Berl. iii, 448, Low smooth annual herbs with alternate dissected leaves with- out stipules and small flowers on axillary peduncles, Calyx deeply 3-parted. persistent. Petals 35, alternate with as many glands, open in the bud, withering-persistent. Stamens 6, styles 3, united to near the apex. Ovaries 3, opposite the sepals, 1- ovuled, distinct, fleshy, becoming indehiscent 1-seeded nutlets, separating from the axis. F. proserpinacoides Willd. Act. Berol. iii, 448. Glabrous: stems weak, 4-10 inches high sparingly branched from thé base: leaves pinnate, the lowest trifoliolate with lanceolate leaflets: the upper with more numerous linear filiform leaflets; sepals ovate-acute, about a line long, a little longer than the white petals: carpels globose, densely tuberculate. Under Ash trees in moist places about the mouth of the Willamette river, ilk ae to California, Illinois, Canada and the New England States. OprerR XIX.. OXALIDACEA® Lindl. Nat. Syst. ed. 2, 140. Herbs, rarely shrubby,with acid juice, trifoliolate or pin- nate leaves and yariously disposed regular flowers. Sepals 5, equal distinct or nearly so, persistent, imbricate in the bud. Petals 5, hypogynous, equal, unguiculate deciduous, spirally twisted in the bud. Stamens 10, hypogynous, more or less mon- adelphous: filaments subulate, those opposite the petals longer than the others: anthers short, attached by the middle, in- trorse, often reflexed and appearing extrorse, Ovary of 5 united car pels with distinct styles and capitate or penicillate or sometimes 2-lobed stigmas. Capsule usually membranace- ous, 5-lobed and 5-celled, the capsule at length mostly separa- ble te the axis, opening by the dorsal suture, 1-12-seeded. Seeds anatropous, with a loose fleshy testa which bursts elastic- ally when the seeds are ripe. Embryo. straight, as long as the firm fleshy albumen with a rather long radicle. Cotyledons broad and foliaceous. 1 OXALIS L. Gen. n. 582. Herbs, rarely shrubby, with trifoliolate or pinnate leaves with- out stipules and perfect, regular flowers. Sepals 5, distinct or united at the very base, imbricate in the bud. Petals 5, convo- lute and twisted in the bud. Stamens 10, the filaments some- what dilated and united below in 2 sets of unequal length.-all antheriferous. Capsule columnar or ovoid, beaked with the 5 _ styles, 5-celled, dehiscing loculicidally, the valves remaining at- tached by the ‘partitions to the axis. Seeds Y2-several in each cell, pendulous the outer fleshy aril-like coat at length split- 110 : BALSAMINACE. OR ATA: : ; : ; -IMPATIENS., ting and elastically recurved upon the raphe. low acaulescent herbs with a sour watery juice: leaves alternate, mostly digitate- trifoliate, rarely stipulate: peduncles umbellately or cymosely 1-many- flowered. Ours all perennials with trifoliolate leaves. * Acaulescent: leaves and scapes from the end of a slender peren- nial scaly rootstock: flowers white or pinkish, somewhat yellow at base and mostly red-veined: leaves palmately trifoliolate. 0. Oregana. Nutt. T. & G. Fl. i, 211. Villous with spreading rusty hairs: leaves and scapes clustered at the end of the short lateral scaly branchlets of long creeping rootstocks: petioles 2-6 inches high: leaf- lets broadly obcordate 1-2 inches wide, smooth aboye: scapes not longer than the petioles, 2-bracted above the middie, 1-flowered: sepals oblong, rounded at the apex: petals oblong-obovate entire or emarginate, 8-12 — lines long, white with purple veins: capsule globose, 2 or 3 lines in diam- eter, its cells 1+2-seeded. In moist places and along streams in dense for- ests, Puget Sound to California. 0. trilliifolia Hook. Fl. i, 118. Glabrous or the underside of the leaf- lets and inflorescence minutely pubescent: scapes and few leayes from the end of a short, branching, fleshy-scaly rhizome: petioles 4-12 inches high : leaflets broadly obcordate, 4-2 inches broad: scapes longer than the pet- ioles, terminating in a few-flowered umhel of white flowers on short pedi- cels: sepals oblong-lanceolate, acute, 2 lines long: petals broadly oblan- ceolate, deeply emarginate, 6 lines long: capsule linear, 6-8 lines long with an acuminate beak halfits length: carpels about 6-seeded. Along mount- ain streams in dense forests: Paget Sound to California. : * * Caulescent perennials, with trifoliolate leaves and yellow flowers. ; 0. Suksdorfii Trelease Mem. Bost. Nat. Hist. Soc. iv, 89. More or less villous throughout: stems erect, slender, 4-12 inches high: leaflets deeply obcordate with unequal lobes: peduncles scarcely longer than the ye ed 1-3-flowered : sepals-oblong-lanceolate, acute, densely villous at the apex: petals yellow, 6-8 lines long, thrice as long as the sepals, attached to each other near the base: wavy-margined, not emarginate: styles shorter than the inner stamens: capsule nearly smooth, about twice the length of the sepals. On dry wooded hillsides, Oregon and Washington. Orpen XX. BALSAMINACEA Dumort. Anal. Fam. 46. Succulent herbaceous planis with bland colorless juice, sim- ple opposite or alternate leaves without stipules and irregular axillary flowers. Sepals 5, imbricate in the bud, deciduous, the two upper usually connate, the lowest spurred ro gibbous. Petals hypogynous, usually 4, and unitedby pairs, rarely 5 and distinct. Stamens 5, hypogynous; with subulate filaments and 2-celled anthers. Ovary 5-celled with the placentz in the axis, ovules few to many in each cell, suspended. Stigmas 5. sessile, distinct or more or less united. Capsule 5 celled, the disse piments usually disappearizg, 5. valved, with several ana- tropous seeds in each cell. Seeds without albumen. Embryo straight: cotyledons plano-convex. 1 IMPATIENS L. Gen. n. 1008. Ours glabrous annuals with alternate leaves and transparent stems. Sepals apparently only 4 from the union of the two up- _IMPATIENS. CELASTRACE. 111 EUONYMUS. per ones. Petals 4, apparently only 2 from the union of each of the lower to each of the lateral ones. Filaments 5, more or less united at the apex. Cells of the ovary formed by membranous projections of the placentee which occupy the axis of the ovary and are connected with its apex by 5 slender threads. Capsule often 1-celled by the disappearance of the dissepiments. I. pallida Nutt. Gen. i, 146. Stems 2-5 feet high, much branched: leaves oval or ovate, coarsely and obtusely serrate with mucronate teeth: peduncles 2-4-flowered: lower sepal obtusely conic, dilated, shorter than the petals, broader than long with a very short recurved spur: flowers pale yellow sparingly punctate. Near the Coast from the Columbia river northward and east to the Atlantic States. I. fulva Nutt. 1. c. Smaller, with smaller. flowers: leaves rhombic- oyate coarsely and obtusely serrate, teeth mucronate: peduncle 2-4 flow- ered: lower sepals acutely conic, longer than the petals, (longer than broad) with a rather long resupinate spur: flowers deep orange with numerous reddish-brown spots. Same range as the preceding. OrpER XXI. CELASTRACEA Lindl. Nat. Syst. ed. 2, 119. Shrubs or trees with simple or undivided leaves with sma! or no stipules and small, usually perfect regular flowers. Sep- als 4-5, united at base imbricate in the bud, usually persist- ent. Petals as many as the sepals and alternate with them, inserted by a broad base under the margin of the disk, imbri- cate in the bud. Stamens as many as the petals and alternate with them inserted on the margin or upper surface of the flat, fleshy disk. Ovary more or less immersed in and adhering to the disk, 2-5-celled with 1-several erect or ascending ovules in each cell. Styles and stigmas 2-5, distinct or combined into one. Seeds anatropous, often arilled. 1. Euonymous. Flowers rather conspicuous, Ovary 3-5-celled: fruit colored: seeds in a bright red arill: deciduous shrubs. 2. Pachystima. Flowers very small: ovary 2-celled: fruit small, not colored. Evergreen undershrubs. 1 }KUONYMUS Tourn. Inst. t. 388 L. Gen. n. 271. Shrubs with 4-angled branches, opposite leaves with small, de- ciduous stipules and small flowers in axillary !—many-flowered cymes. Sepals and petals 4 or 5, widely spreading. Stamens as many, very short, on a broad angular disk. Style short or none. Capsule 2-6-lobed and 3—-5-valved. luculicidal, coriaceous, col- ored, often warty. Seeds 1-4 in each cell, covered with a fleshy red arill. EK. occidentalis Nutt. T. & G. Fl. i, 258. A smcoth straggling shrub 7-15 feet high, with slender greenish branches: lexves smvoth, ovate to oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, serrulate, 2-4 inches lor g, on short petioles: peduncles slender 1-4-flowered: flowers dark brown, 4 6 lines in diameter, the parts in fives: fruit smooth, deeply lobed. Aloag mountain streams, Puget Sound to California. 112 RHAMNACE. PACHYSTIMA, RHAMNUS. 2 PACHYSTIMA Raf. Am. Month. Mag. 1818, Low evergreen shrubs with opposite leaves, and small flowers in 1-few-flowered axillary cymes. Calyx with a short obconical tube and four rounded lobes. Petals 4. Stamens 4, inserted at the edge of the broad disk which lines the calyx-tube. Ovary free, 2-celled: style very short: capsule 2-valved, 1-2-seeded. Seeds enclosed in a white, many-cleft membranous aril. P. Myrsinites Raf. 1.c. Densely branched to nearly simple, 1-3 feet high: leaves smooth, ovate to oblong or lanceolate, cuneate at base, the upper half serrate or serrulate, 4-1 inch long on very short peduncles: flowers a line or two long: fruit 2 lines long, smooth, In the mountains, from Brit. Columbia to California and the Rocky Mountains. OrpeR XXII. RHAMNACEA! Dumort. Fl. Belg. 102. Trees or shrubs, the branches often thorny. Leaves simple with minute stipules. Flowers small, sometimes by abortion dice- cious, moncecious or polygamous. Calyx 4—6-cleft, valvate in the bud. Petals distinet, cucullate, (each wrapped around a stamen) narrowed at base, inserted upon the throat of the calyx, some- times wanting. Stamens as many as the lobes of the calyx and alternate with them. Ovary 2-4, united carpels, 2-4-celled, free from or usually cohering with the tube of the calyx or more or less immersed in the fleshy perigynous disk : ovules solitary, erect. Styles more or less connate: stigmas simple usually distinet. Fruit free or commonly more or less cohering with the calyx, fleshy and indehiscent or with the carpels dry and at length sep- arable. Seeds erect, anatropous, with a large, straight embryo in sparing fleshy albumen. | 1. Rhamnus. Calyx and disk free from the ovary: calyx-lobes erect or spreading: fruit berry-like. 2. Ceanothus. Calyx and disk adnate to the base of the ovary: calyx- lobes connivent. Fruit dry or nearly so. . 1. RHAMNUS L. Gen. n. 265 in part. Shrubs or small trees with alternate petioled pinnately veined leaves, small deciduous stipules and axillary cymose or racemose flowers. Flowers perfect or polygamo-diacious. Calyx’ 4-5-cleft, with erect or spreading lobes, the campanulate tube lined with the disk and persistent. Petals 4 or 6 or more, inserted on the margin ot the disk: claws short, Stamens 4 or 5: filaments very short. Ovary free, 2—4-celled: style short, 3-4-cleft. Fruit bae- cate, containing 2-4 cartilaginous 1-seeded nutlets, mostly inde- hiscent. § 1 Ruamnus Brongn. Ann. Se. Nat. x, 360. Seeds and nut- lets deeply sulcate or concave on the back, the raphe in the hollow: flowers mostly dicecious, solitary or fascicled in the axils. R. alnifolia L’Her. Sert. Angl. 5. Shrub 2-4 feet high: leaves decid- uous, ovate-oblong, acute at each end or acuminate, 2 or 3 inches long, crenately serrate, the slender petioles slightly puberulent: lobes of the - RHAMNUS. RHAMNACE.%. . 113 CEANOTHUS. calyx and stamens 5; petals wanting: fruit black, 3-lobed, 3 lines long, equalling the pedicels. Kastern Washington to California, east to Canada and New England. § 2 Francura Brongn. 1. c. Seeds and nutlets convex on the back, the raphe lateral; flowers mosily perfect, in pedunculate cymes. R. Californieus Esch. Mem. Acad. Petr. x, 281. A spreading shrub 4-18 feet high; young branches somewhat tomentose: leaves ovate-oblong to elliptical, 1-4 inches long, 6-18 lines broad, acute or obtuse, mostly rounded at base, denticulate or nearly entire, persistent: peduncles with numerous mostly abortive flowers in subumbellate fascicles: calyx usually d-cleft; petals very small, broadly ovate, emarginate: fruit very dark pur- ple, 3-4 lines in diameter, 2-3-lobed and 2-3-seeded; pulp thin. From Klamath lake, Oregon, to southern California. R. occidentalis Howell P. C. Pl. Coll. 1887. Erect shrub 2-10 feet high: smooth throughout or the young branches and petioles minutely scabrous: leaves coriaceous, yellowish-green, elliptical, acute to obtuse or retuse, obscurely repand-dentate, 1-2 inches long by 6-15 lines broad, per- sistent: peduncles with numerous flowers in subumbellate fascicles: calyx usually 5-cleft, the deltoid lobes with a raised callous down the centre: petals small, orbicular, 2-lobed at the summit: fruit black when mature, obscurely 3-lobed; pulp moderately thick. On gravelly hillsides and plains, Se the eastern base of the Coast Mountains near: Waldo, Josephine Co., regon. R. Purshiana DC. Prodr. ii. 25. cascara. A tree 20—50 feet high: young branches tomentose: leaves elliptical, 2-7 inches long by 1-3 inches broad, mostly acute, obtuse or cordate at bdse, denticulate pubescent beneath, thin, deciduous: flowers perfect, comparatively large, in a some- what umbellate cyme; sepals 5; petals 5, small, 2-lobed, embracing the ' very short stamens: styles united to the summit; stigmas 3: fruit black, turbinate, 3-seeded. Common from Brit. Columbia to California west of the Cascade Mountains. . CEANOTHUS L. Gen. n. 267. hrubs or small trees with petioled simple leaves and perfect flowers in lateral and terminal dense thyrsoid panicles or corymbs. Calyx 5-cleft, with acute connivent lobes, the upper part at length separating by a transverse line the tube remaining; disk thick, adnate to the turbinate or hemispherical tube and to the ovary. Petals 5, longer than the calyx, saccate and arched, on long claws. Stamens 5, exserted; filaments filiform; anthers, ovate, 2-celled. Styles 3, more or less united below, diverging above. Fruit sub- globose, 3-lobed, surrounded at base by the adnate calyx-tube, soon dry, the 3 crustaceous nutlets at length separating and dehis- cent by the inner suture. Seeds convex on the back. ; § 1 Cranornus proper. Leaves all alternate, 3-ribbed from the base or pinnately veined, glandular-toothed or entire. Fruit not crested. ° ‘* Leaves 3-ribbed from the base. + Erect shrubs, the branches not rigidly divaricate nor spiny: leaves usually large. more or less serrate: inflorescence thyrsoid. ++ Inflorescence on leafless lateral shoots from wood of the previous 114 RHAMNACEZ#. CEANOTHUS. season’s growth. C. sanguineus Pursh FI. 167. A stout shrub 4-12 feet high with terete reddish branches: leaves thin, 1-4 inches long, ovate to elliptical, finely serrate, pubescent beneath, on slender petioles 6-15 lines long, decid- uous: whole inflorescence white, 1-4 inches long, pubescent, the numerous flowers fascicled on the sides and at the ends of the short lateral branches: style shorter than the stamens, 3-lobed. Common on rocky hillsides, Brit. Columbia to northern California and Montana. | ++ Inflorescence on lateral shoots of the previous year’s growth or terminal on leafy shoots of the present season’s growth. : C. velutinus Dougl. Hook. FI. i, 125, t. 45, (Mounrain Baim). A. smooth shrub 2—6 feet high, with terete green branches, cespitose, often decumbent at base, the branches somewhat pendulous; leaves orbicu- lar-elliptical or elliptical-ovate, obtuse, subcordate, glandularly crenate above, serrulate, coriaceous, glabrous and shining above, (as if var \ished and exuding a fragrant balsamic substance).velvety-canescent and strongly 3-ribbed beneath, 2—3 inches long, on petioles, 6—8 lines long, persis- tent; panicles axillary, thrice compound, elongated, on rather long peduncles; flowers white; styles as long or longer than the stamens. Common in mountainous districts, Brit. Columbia to eastern Oregon and the Rocky Mountains. C. laevigatus. C. velutinus var. levigatus T. & G. FI. i, 686. (SmootH Mountain Baum). A large shrub 8—15 feet high with smooth terete green erect branches: leaves orbicular to elliptical, 2—4 inches long, subcordate, finely glandular-serrate, dark green and shining above the whole upper surface glandular and exuding a balsamic fra- grant substance, paler but smooth and prominently 3-ribbed beneath, thick-coriaceous, persistent: panicles axillary, compound, rather small, the peduncles but little if any longer than the leayes: flowers white. In forests, Vancouver Island to Northern California, near the coast. C. Californicus Kell. Proc. Cal. Acad. i. 55. C. inteaerrimus of re- — cent authors not of H. & A. Bot. Beech. 329: (. thyrsiflorus var. macro- thyrsus Torr. Bot. Wilkes 263. "A slender branching shrub, 2—10 feet high, young branches more or less angled and pubescent: leaves thin, oblong to broaaly lanceolate, 1—3 inches long, more or less serrulate toward the apex, pubescent with minute appressed hairs, on slender petioles 2—6 lines long, deciduous: flowers blue to white, fascicled on terminal and axillary peduncles from wood of the present season's growth; bracts ovate, shortly acuminate, 1—2 lines long: pedicels slender, 4—6 lines long: styles shorter than the stamens, united to near ihe summit. On dry open hillsides, from the Columbia river to Cali- ornia. C. thyrsiflorus Esch. Mem. St. Petersb. Acad. x shrub or small tree 6—15 feet high with strongly angled oe kee ieee lanceolate, finely dentate, i—2 inches long, on short petioles, deciduous: mihi roe an eer a4 Sag tags racemes, terminating ‘the usually ated and somewhat lea i a ee y peduncle. Puget Sound to California, + + Erect shrubs, the branches usually rigid and spinose: leaves rather small: flowers in simple racemes or clusters. C. divaricatus Nutt. T. & G. Fl. i, 266. A stra terete, often pruinose branches: leaves chiang angie ners Pe lines long, rounded at base, lucid, somewhat obtuse minutely and glandularly serrulate, pubescent beneath, somewhat coriaceous on petioles about 2 lines long, persistent: flowers blue to white ‘in sub- simple often elongated racemes 1—4 inches long. Southern Idaho to ‘CEANOTHUS. VITACE#. 115 southern California. 4 C. cordulatus Kell. Proc. Cal. Acad. ii, 124, fig. 39. A densely ces- pitose erect shrub with intricate branches and spinose branchlets, 4—6 feet high, hirsutely pubescent with short erect or spreading hairs and cinereous: leaves oval to elliptical or oblong, 6—12 lines long, rounded or subcordate at base, finely glandular-serrulate, densely tomentose beneath, somewhat coriaceous on slender petioles 3—6 lines long, de- ciduous: flowers white, in racemes or fascicles: styles united to near the summit, shorter than the stamens. In the mountains of southern Oregon and California. § 2 Cerastes Watson l.c. Leaves mostly opposite, 1-ribbed, with numerous straight parallel veins, very thick and coriace- ous, spinosely toothed or entire. Flowers in sessile or short-ped- uncled axillary clusters. Fruit large, with 3 horn-like or warty processes below the summit. C. cuneatus Nutt. l..c. An erect shrub 2—12 feet high with rigid intricate branches; the young branches white with a villous tomen- tum, at length smooth and whitish: leaves cuneate-obovate or ob- long, rounded or retuse above, entire or rarely few-toothed, minutely tomentose beneath, on short rather slender petioles: flowers white or rarely light blue, in rather loose axillary fascicles. On dry hillsides, from the lower Willamette (the original locality,) to Lower California. C. pumilis Greene Eryth. i, 149. A rigid depressed much branched under shrub: branches 6—18 inches long, rooting at the nodes and forming mats 1—3 feet in diameter: leaves cuneate-oblong to obo- vate, 2—6 lines long, entire to spinose-dentate, but mostly 3-toothed at the apex, very minutely white-tomentose between the veins beneath, very short petioled: flowers bright blue to white, fascicled at the ends of short lateral branches; pedicels filiform, 6—S8 lines long; sepals ovate, spreading, nearly a line long; styles united to the top, shorter than the stamens. On dry hillsides, about Waldo, Josephine Co., Ore- gon. C. prostratus Benth. Pl. Hartw. 302. (Manata Mats). Glabrous, prostrate, the branches rooting and repeatedly subdivided, the whole forming a close mat 2—S8 feet in diameter: leaves 3—12 lines long, ob- ovate or oblong-crneiform, obtuse or truncate, with 2 or 3 pairs of coarse spinose teeth above the middle, on short slender petioles: flow- ers dark blue to white, clustered at the ends of short stout peduncles: fruit large, with erect. horns. Ih open pine forests, Washington to Cal- ifornia. OrperR XXIII VITACE Lindl. Nat. Syst. ed. 2, 30. Mostly climbing shrubs with simple or compound leaves, the upper ones opposite the racemes or thyrsoid panicles of small flowers, or tendrils. Calyx minute, nearly entire or 5- toothed. Petals 4 or 5, inserted upon the outside ofan annu- lar disk, inflexed, valvate in the bud, caducous. Stamens as many as petals and opposite. them, inserted on the surface of the disk. Ovary 2 celled. with two collateral ovules in each cell. Style short or none: stigma simple. Fruit a globose, mostly pulpy berry, often by abortion 1-celled. Seeds anatro- -pous, erect. with a hard testa. Embryo much shorter than the horny or fleshy albumen: radicle slender. Cotyledons lanceo- late or subulate. : 116 ) ACERACE. os oyrTise ACER. 1 VITIS Tourn. Inst 613. L. Gen. n. 284. (GRAPE.) Woody vines, climbing by tendrils that are opposite to leaves, with acid juice, mostly simple opposite leaves and small greenish flowers in compound racemes or panicles that are opposite the upper leaves. Calyx very small, entire or 4-5-toothed or -lobed, the tube filled with a fleshy annular disk which bears the 4 or 5 thick caducous petals and the distinct stamens. Fruit a more or less pulpy berry. V. Californica Benth. Bot. Sulp. 10. Stems often 1—2 inches in diameter below, climbing trees to the height of 20—30 feet: leaves round-cordate with a deep and narrow sinus, 2—38 inches long, nearly as broad, obtuse, rather coarsely serrate and often somewhat 3-lobed, tomentose or canescent, especially beneath: fruit 4 lines in diameter, in rather large clusters, purple, covered with bloom: seeds broad. Along streams, from the Umpqua Valley, Oregon, to southern Califor- nia. Orper XXIV ACERACEAE J. St. Hil. Expos. Fam. ii, 15. Trees or shrubs with opposite palmately lobed or pinnately 3—5-foliolate (rarely alternate and entive) leaves without stip- ules and small flowers in lateral or terminal racemes or fascei- cles that are often by a bortion polygamous or dicecious. Sepals 6, rarely 4-9, more or less united, imbricate in the bud. Pet- als as many as sepals and alternate with them, inserted around a commonly lobed hypogynous disk, sometimes wanting. Sta- mens usually 8, sometimes 3-12, distinct inserted on the disk: anthers introrse or versatile. Ovary 2-lobed, composed of 2 united carpels each containing 2 collateral ovules, or a single 20 vuled carpel. Styles more or less combined, stigmatose on the inside or the stigma almost sessile. Fruit composed of 2, rarely 3 or 4, indehiscent samarioid carpels, finally separable from the filiform axis the wing thickened at the lower margin, or a cartilaginous follicle. Seeds 1 or 2 in each cell, erect, with little or no albumen. Embryo curved or nearly straight, with foliaceous cotyledons variously folded upon each other. 1 Acer. Leaves opposite, palmately lobed or rarely divided: flowers in racemes or fascicles, polygamous. 2 Forsellesia. Leaves alternate, simple and entire: flowers solitary ter- minating short axillary branches cr spur-like fascicles, perfect. 1 ACER Tourn. Inst. 615, L. Gen. 1155. (MAPLE.) Trees or shrubs with opposite mostly palmately lobed leaves and small flowers in terminal racemes, umbel-like corymbs or fascicles. Calyx colored, usually 5-lobed. Petals 5, sometimes wanting. Stamens 3-12, usually 8, inserted with the petals up- on a lobed hypogynous disk. Styles 2, elongated. Ovary 2- lobed, rarely 3-or 4-lobed, and as many celled, with a pair of ovules in each cell, becoming in fruit a double, rarely triple or quadruple, samara thatis separable at maturity into 1-seeded indehiscent winged nutlets. ACER. ACERACE#. 117 FORSELLESIA. * Flowers in racemes:, body of the fruit hispid. A. macrophyllum Pursh Fl. 267. (Larae LeAvepD Mapir). A_ tree 50—90 feet high, 1—3 feet in diameter: leaves 6—12 inches long, nearly as broad, cordate with a deep sinus, deeply 38—5-cleft, the segments cleft initio 8—5 sinuate, acute lobes, pubescent beneath when young: flowers yellow, fragrant, in crowded pendent racemes 3—6 inches long, appearing after the leaves: calyx petaloid, campanulate, the broad obovate segments 2—3 lines long: petals obovate, about equalling the sepals: stamens S—12 exserted, filaments hirsute at base style longer than the stamens, deeply 2-lobed: fruit densely hispid, the glabrous wing 1144—2 inches long. In mountain ravines and river bottoms, Brit. Columbia to California and Idaho. * * Flowers in loose umbel-like corymbs or fascicles: fruit smooth. A. glabrum ‘Torr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. ii, 172. (*moorn Maprie). A shrub or small tree 6—30 feet high, 2—8 inches in diameter, glabrous through- out except the bud scales which are densely villous inside: leaves round-cordate with shallow sinus, 2—4 inches broad, nearly as long, more or less deeply 3-lobed or parted, the ovate acuminate lobes doubly serrate with acuminate teeth, conspicuously veined and reticulated: flowers few, greenish-yellow, somewhat corymbose, on short 2-leaved branchlets, appearing after the leaves: calyx campanulate, deeply 5- cleft, the spatulate segments about 2 lines long: stamens 8, shorter than the spatulate petals: fruit very smooth, with slightly spreading wings, about.an inch long. Along streams and on the highest moun- tains, Vancouver Island to California and the Rocky Mountains. A. circinatum Pursh Fl. 266. (Vinge Mapim). A large shrub 10—30 feet high, usually declined_and somewhat viny: leaves round-cordate with a narrow’shallow sinus, 8—5 inches long nearly as broad, 7—9 lobed nearly .o the middle, the acute lobes doubly and sharply serrate, villous beneath and on the veins above when young, becoming glab- rate: flowers in loose 10—20-flowered terminal corymbs; calyx dark red, deeply 5-lobed or parted, the ovate acute sepals 2—3 lines long, spreading: petals greenish white, about half as long as the sepals, ovate, acute, erect: stamens 8, exserted: style short; ovary villous: fruit 10—16 lines long, the wings spreading at right angles to the pedi- cels. In forests and along sreams, Alaska to California, west of the Cascade Mountains. i 2 FORSELLESIA Greene Eryth. 1, 206. GLOSSOPETALON Gray Pl. Wright. ii, 29, t. 12. not Schreber. Low and rigid shrubs with slender spineseent branches, and small alternate simple entire leaevs, which separate in age by an indistinct articulation from a dilated scale-like minutely. 2-stip- ulate base; the setaceous-subulate stipules adnate to the scales, and small solitary flowers, terminating short axillary branchlets, or spur-like fascicles. Calyx deeply 4—5-cleft, persistent, its flat base within filled by an 8-10-lobed perigynous disk; petals 4 or 5, inserted on the margin or under the edge of the disk, some- what withering-persistent. Stamens 8 or 10 inserted at the sin- uses of the disk, shorter than the calyx; filaments subulate, persistent: anthers didymous. Ovary 1-celled, of a single ovoid earpel, with style extremely short or none, anda depressed en- tire or obscurely 2-lohed stigma. Ovules 2, collateral or nearly so inserted on the ventral suture barely above the base of the 118 ANACARDIACE, RHUS. cell, ascending, anatropous. Fruit a firm-coriaceous follicle opening down the ventral suture, 1-2-seeded. F. spinescens Greene 1. c. Glossopetalon spinescens Gray 1. c. A smooth rigidly branched shrub 2—3 feet high: leaves oblong to spatu- late, narrowed below on slender pedicels 2—4 lines long, acute or ob- tuse: flowers on slender pedicels 2—4 lines long: lobes of the calyx oblong, a line or more long: petals white, 4—5 lines long, spatulate, attenuate below to a short slender claw: stigma nearly sessile, 2- lobed; ovary acute; fruit not seen. Bluffs of Snake river (Cusick). OrpER XXV. ANACARDIACEZ. Lindl. Nat. Syst. ed. 1. Shrubs or trees with resinous or milky juice, simple or com- pound leaves without stipules, and small flowers in axillary or terminal panicles. Flowers usually regular, perfect, dioecious or polygamous. Sepals usually 5, distinct or more or less uni- ted, mostly persistent. Petals of the same number as the sep- als, or wanting, inserted into the disk which lines the bottom of the calyx. Stamens as many as sepals, or twice as many, or more, sometimes part of them sterile; filaments distinct. some- - times alternately shorter, inserted with the petals. Ovary sol- itary, free, or rarely adhering to the calyx, 1-celled, or with 1 or 2 abortive cells;ovule solitary, on a funiculus which rises from the base of the cell. Styles 3, rarely 4, distinct or com- bined. Fruit a 1-seeded indehiscent drupelet. Seed erect or suspended, anatropous, without albumen. MELILOTUS. TRIFOLIUM. grant flowers in slender axillary racemes. Calyx tubular or campanulate, 5-toothed, persistent. Corolla deciduous, the upper petal free, longer than the lateral ones, keel petals completely united cohering with the lateral ones, all free from the stamens. Stamens diadelphous. Style filiform. Pods coriaceous, globose or ovoid, longer than the calyx, scarcely dehiscent, one to few- seeded. | M. Invica All. Fl. Ped. i, 303. M. parviflora Desv. Stems erect or as- cending, with spreading branches, 1-3 feet high, from an annual root: leaflets of the lower leaves obovate a.id often nearly entire, of the upper ones cuneate-oblong or linear, truncate or emarginate, serrate; stipules linear-setaceous; racemes at first dense, at length rather loose; flowers yellow, small; teeth of the calyx broad, nearly equal, half the length of the corolla; petals nearly equal: pods globose-ovate, wrinkled, 2-seeded. In low grounds and along rivers. Introduced. M. aupa. Lam. Encycel, iv, 63. Stems erect, branching, 3-6 feet high, from a biennial root: leaflets ovate-oblong, truncate at the apex, mucro- nate, remotely serrate; stipules setaceous: racemes elongated, panicled, loose; teeth of the calyx unequal, as long as the tube; corolla white, 2-3 lines long, more than twice the length of the calyx, the upper petal longer than the others: pods ovate, wrinkled, two-seeded. Along streams and river bottoms. Introduced. 7 TRIFOLIUM Tourn. Inst. t. 228, L. Gen. n, 896. (CLover). Herbs with palmately or pinnately trifoliolate, rarely 5-7-folio- late, leaves with adnate stipules, and usually numerous flowers in capitate racemes, spikes or umbels, on axillary or apparently terminal peduncles. Calyx 5-cleft or -parted, with nearly equal teeth, persistent. Petals persistent, unguiculate, the claws all more or less adnate to the staminal tube, or the upper one free: keel short, obtuse. Stamens diadelpnous. Pods concealed with- in or little exserted from the calyx, 1—-6-seeded, dehiscent or in- dehiscent. § 1. Lupryaster Monch. DC. Prodr. ii, 203. Heads not in- voluerate, dense: leaflets 5-7, rarely only 3; flowers sessile :teeth of the calyx nearly equal, filiform, plumose: perennials. T. megacephalum Nutt. Gen. ii, 105 (?). Stems stout, 4-8 inches long, from a stout perennial root, decumbent or ascending, villous, 1-2- leaved below, and a pair of opposite ones at the summit; stipules folia- ceous, the lower ones lanceolate to oblong, irregularly incised with acumi- _ nate lobes, to almost entire, the pair subtending the peduncle obliquely ovate, 6-8 lines long by 4-6 lines broad, laciniately lobed and toothed; leaflets 5-7, obovate to oblanceolate, 4-10 lines long, spinulose-dentate, apiculate, obtuse or emarginate, strongly veined: peduncle stout, appar- ently terminal, longer than the leaves: flowers many, in dense capitate spikes, very shortly pediceled, an inch or more long, ochroleucous and pur- ple: tube of the calyx 1-2 lines long, the setaceous F oaecarteg teeth 5-6 times longer; upper petal broad, free, longer than, and enfolding the oth- ers, wings and keel unguiculate, the claws adnate to the staminal tube: pods sessile, ciliate near the apex, otherwise smooth, 4-6-ovuled, usually 2-seeded. In wet gravelly places, Eastern Oregon and Washington. T. Plummere Watson Bot. Cal.ii, 440 (?). Stems cespitose, 1-3 inches high, clustered at the crown of a thick perpendicular root, canescent with -- 'PRIFOLIUM,. LEGUMINOS 4. 138 appressed hoary pubescence throughout: leaflets 3-5, obovate to oblanceo- late, coarsely serrate, 5-6 lines long: stipules mostly scarious and inflated : peduneles shorter than the leaves; flowers few, 3-4 lines long, on short pedicels: tveth of the calyx linear, but little longer than the tube, a third shorter than the petals :ovary densely villous, 2-ovuled. In open forests, Blue Mountains of Oregon. ; § 2. Eurrirotium. Heads not involucrate: peduncles termi- nal or apparently so: flowers sessile or nearly so. * More or less pubescent: teeth: ofthe calyx longer than the tube, very. narrow : stipules linear or lanceolate, acuminate. + Teeth of the calyx plumose or hairy. ++ Flowers never reflexed. T. albopurpureum T. & G. FI. i, 318. 7. Macrei of authors not H. & A. Somewhat villous, with appressed or spreading hairs: stems slender, branching, 6-12 inches high: from an annual root: stipules ovate to lanceo- late, long-acuminate: leaflets obovate to narrowly oblong, obtuse or re- tuse, serrulate above the middle, 2-6 lines long: flowers in dense, ovate slender-peduncled heads, sessile, dark purple; calyx very villous, the straight filiform plumose teeth as long as the petals, somewhat spreading : petals scarcely connected: ovary pubescent: pods |-seeded. On dry hill- sides, western Washington to California. T. PRATENSE L. Sp. 1082. (Rep Clover). Perennial: stems ascending, somewhat hairy, 1-3 feet long: stipules broadly lanceolate, membrana- ceous, nerved, setaceously acu™inate: leaflets obcordate or oblong-oyate, often emarginate, nearly entire, glabrous above, 1-2 inches long: heads of flowers ovate, dense, nearly sessile, bracteate ; teeth of the calyx setaceous, hairy, the lower one much longer than the other four, which are equal and about half as long as the corolla; petals purplish-red, all united into a tube at the base. Roadsides and cultivated fields, common, _T. longipes Nutt. T. & G. Fl.i,314. Glabrous or nearly so: stems erect or ascending from spreading perennial roots, 6-20 inches high, stout: stipules mostly narrow, entire or sparsely toothed, apiculate: leaves long- petioled; leaflets lanceolate to ovate, entire or minutely denticulate, 1-2 inches long, acute or obtuse, apiculate, strongly veined: flowers white, in dense ovate long-peduncled heads, sessile or nearly so; tube of the calyx sparingly villous, a line long, the setaceous teeth minutely plumose ; 5-7 lines long, nearly equalling the corolla; upper petal free, the others united with the staminal tube: ovary pubescent at the apex, shortly stipitate, 2-4-ovuled. In wet places and about springs, Brit. Columbia to California and the Rocky Mountains. Var. latifolium Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. vi, 209. Often low: leaflets broad: flowers pedicillate, in loose heads. From the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific. ‘ ++ +* Flowers at length reflexed. _T. eriocephalum—Nuit. |. ¢. 315. Villous with spreading hairs, stems), 0 erect, 6-10 inches high or more, from astout perennial root: stipules linear to lanceolate, entire or repand; 12-18 lines long: leaflets oblong to lanceo--( Uqe late, 1-2 inches long, acutely and minutely serrulate: flowers in dense &“-~* ‘"’ ovate spikes, yellowish'or white, 4-8 lines long; tube of the calyx very short, its filiform plumose teeth abruptly narrowed from a broad base, nearly equalling the petals; claws of the petals united to the staminal tube; ovary hairy, 2—4-ovuled. Common in open places, western Wash- ington and Oregon to northern California. 4 3 T. plumosum Dougl. Hook. Fl. i, 130, t. 49. Silky-pubescent: stems 134 LEGU MINOS 48. TRIFOLIUM. slender, 8-16 inches high, from a stout perennial root, erect or ascending: stipules linear-lanceolate, acuminate, adnate to above the middle: leaflets narrowly oblong to linear, 1-2 inches long, acuminate, denticulate: flowers white, in dense oblong or ovate spikes, 6 lines long, reHexed; tube of the calyx very villous, a line or less long, the subulate-setaceous teeth about half as long as the petals, silky-plumose: ovary 4-oyuled, In open places that are wet in spring, Oregon to California. T. Harneyensis Howell P.C. Pl. Coll. of 1887. Glabrous or nearly so; stems erect; 6-18 inches high, from a creeping perennial root: stipules linear to lanceolate, entire or dentate, an inch or more long; leaflets linear to ob- lanceolate; irregularly dentate, 1-5 inches long, appressed pubescent be- neath; flowers in dense oblong heads, on rather xe pedicels, at length reflexed: tube of the calyx appressed-pubescent, less than a line long, the subulate teeth 2-3 lines long, less than half as long as the petais: ovary densely tomentose. In alluvial prairies, Harney yalley southeastern Oregon. T. Oreganum Howell Eryth. i, 110. Perennial; stems decumbent or ascending, 6-8 inches long; herbage glabrous or the petioles and peduncles appressed-silky ; stipules linear or the upper ones lanceolate, acute, entire or serrate above the middle; leaflets linear-oblong to lanceolate, entire or denticulate, 6-12 lines long; flowers pinkish or light red in loose subumbel- late heads, the short pedicels reflexed in age; tube of the calyx minntely villous, a line long, the subulate-setaceous teeth twice longer: ovary smooth, stipitate, 3-4-ovuled. In moist places, eastern base of the Coast Mountains, near Waldo, Josephine Co., Oregon. * * Glabrous perennials: teeth of the calyx. subulate, rigid, con- torted, twice longer than the tube: flowers sessile, not reflexed: sti- pules lanceolate, acuminate. T. altissimum Dougl. Hook. Fl. i, 130, t, 48. Erect, stout, a foot or more high: stipules very long, toothed; leaflets narrowly oblanceolate, very acute, 2 inches long, strongly veined, the veins excurrent: flowers in dense oblong or ovate spikes, 6-8 lines long; lower tooth of the calyx straight, the others curved or twisted: petals red: ovary smooth, 2-oyuled. Eastern Oregon and Washington to Idaho. / * * * Glabrous throughout: teeth of the calyx straight, scarcely — longer than the tube: stipules lanceolate to ovate: flowers on very short pedicels, at length reflexed: perennials. T. Beckwithii Brewer Watson Proc. Am. Acad, xi, 128. Stout: leaflets oblong to oblanceolate, obtuse or acute, 1-2 inches long, coarsely veined and toothel: flowers 7-9 lines long, in dense globose heads; teeth of the calyx linear-subulate: ovary 2-6-ovuled. Southern Idaho to northern California. . 1. Kingii Watson Bot. King, 59. Slender, 6-8 inches high: stipules lanceolate to ovate, entire or the upper ones dentate; lower leaflets round- vvate to oblong, obtuse, upper ones linear-oblong to lanceolate, acute, all serrate: flowers in oblong spikes, the rachis often produced aboye the head with a few spinescent bracts; teeth of the calyx thin, subulate, a line long, but little if any longer than the tube, about one-third the length of the purplish corolla. In moist places, eastern base of the Cas- cade Mountains at Camp Polk, Oregon, to California, Utah and Montana. T. Howellii Watson Proc. Am. Acad. xxiii, 262. Stems stout, erect, 1-3 feet high: stipules of the lower leaves narrowly lanceolate, of the upper ~ ones ovate, all entire: petioles short; leaflets mostly cuneate-oblanceolate, 1-8 inches long irregularly-toothed peduncles axillary, longer than the leaves; flowers white, in rather dense ovate or. oblong heads, 4-6 lines long; teeth of the calyx subulate, about as long as the tube; upper petal oblong, (-7 lines long, much longer than the others, free; ovary 2-ovuled ; PRIFOLIUS, LEGUMINOS. « | 135 pods 1-2-seeded, a little longer than the calyx, dehiscent. Along streams and ditches, Siskiyou Mountains, Oregon and northern California. * * * * Peduncles axillary: flowers on slender pedicels, soon re- flexed: ovules 2-4: spreading perennials. T. Breweri Watson |. c. xi, 131. Somewhat pubescent throughout, stems procumbent, very slender, 4-12 inches long, from a rather thick - perennial root: stipules lanceolate, short; leaflets obovate to oblong, mostly retuse, toothed or serrulate, 3-9 lines long: ’ flowers white or pink- ish, on slender pedicels, in loose globose heads: calyx very narrow, the slender teeth much shorter than the corolla. In moist places, south- western Oregon and northern California. T. REPENS L. Sp. 1080. (Wuirr CLover). Glabrous perennial; stems slender, creeping, rooting at all the nodes, 4-20 inches long: leaves long- petioled; stipules narrowly lanceolate, scarious; leaflets obcordate, den- ticulate, 4-10 lines long: flowers white or pinkish, in loose depressed-glo- hose long-peduncled heads, soon reflexed; teeth of the calyx unequal, lanceolate-subulate, shorter than the tube: pods 4-seeded. Common in cultivated fields and roadsides. Introduced from Europe. * * * * * Peduncles axillary: flowers on short pedicels, in small heads, at length reflexed: teeth of the calyx subulate, mostly glabrous: slender annuals. T. ciliolatum Benth. Pl. Hartw. 304. T. ciliatum Nutt. not Clark. Glabrous; stems erect, often 1-2 feet high, simple or branched: stipules usually narrow, acuminate; leaflets cuneate-oblong to obovate, 6-12 lines long, obtuse or retuse, serrulate: flowers in small dense ovate heads, the rachis prolonged above as 2 stout bristle: calyx campanulate, the teeth very unequal, the two upper ones lanceolate, spinulose-acuminate, longer than the corolla, the others similar but smaller, about two-thirds as long, all with searious and rigidly ciliolate margins; petals purple and white, 3-4 lines long, the upper one free and folded around the others: pods shorter than the calyx, I-seeded; seeds oblong, turgid, light brown. In moist meadows of the Willamette Valley to California. T. Hallii. 7. gracilentum and bifidum of authors as to the Oregon plant not T.& G. Subvillous to glabrous, pale green and somewhat glaucous: stems slender, diffusely branched to simple, 6-18 inches high from a slen- der annual root: stipules ovate-lanceolate, setaceous-acuminate, entire : _ leaflets linear-cuneate to obcordate, sparsely dentate, more or less deeply notched at the apex, the midnerve‘excurrent in the centre, 4-8 lines long: peduncles exceeding the leaves, pilose near the summit; flowers pink or rose-color, in small depressed-globose 10-30-fllowered heads, on short pedi- cels, soon reflexed; calyx 5-parted, the teeth subulate-setaceous, sparsely hirsute, somewhat unequal, but little shorter than the corolla; petals rose- color, 3-4 lines long, the upper one free and folded over the others: pods included, 1-seeded. Open places and prairies, western’ Washington to California. T. procuMBENS L. Sp. 772. Pubescent; stems procumbent to sub-erect, slender, 4-12 inches long: leaves short-petioled, pinnately-trifoliolate ; stipules rather foliaceous, ovate, ciliate, mostly shorter than the petiole; leaflets cuneate-obcordate or cuneate-oblong and emarginate, denticulate, the lower pair distant from the terminal one: flowers on. slender axillary peduncles, in small ovate heads, soon reflexed; teeth of the calyx un- equa!, the two upper ones very short; petals yellow, the upper one striate when old: pods l-seeded. Common in fields and.roadsides.. Introduced from Europe. * . : § 3.. Invontcrartum T.& G. FI. i, 317. Heads of flowers sub- tended-by a’monophyHous, usually-many-cleft inyolucre.:. pedun- 136. LEGUMINOS#.. TRIFOLIUM. cles axillary: flowers sessile or nearly so, never reflexed: pods often dehiscent at the ventral suture: veins of the leaves often reticulate. * Jnvolucre not membranaceous, deeply lobed, the lobes laciniately and sharply toothed: corolla not becoming inflated. T. fimbriatum Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1070. Glabrous: stems long and thick, prostrate: stipules ovate, acuminate, laciniate-spinulose : leaflets ob- long or slightly cuneate, spinulose-denticulate, an inch or more long: in- voluere laciniately many-cleft, shorter than the large subglobose heads of purple or reddish flowers : teeth of the calyx broadly subulate, straight, half the length of the corolla, shorter than the tube, unequal, spiny: cor- olla slender: pod 2-seeded. In salt marshes along the coast, Oregon to California. ! T. spinulosum Dougl. Hook. Fl. i, 138, Glabrous: stems prostrate or ascending, slender, 1-2 feet long: stipules ovate, acuminate, spinulose- serrate; leaflets oblong, acute at each end, spinulose-denticulate, termi- nated by a rigid spiny point; involucre often small, laciniately mauy-cleit, shorter than the subglobose heads; teeth of the calyx narrowly subulate, pungent, shorter than the corolla, 3-4 times as longas the tube; corolla white, or the keel and wings tipped with fine purple: pods 2-seeded. In mountain valleys near springs, Oregon. T. heterodon T. & G. FI. i, 133. Glabrous: stems several from a branching perennial root, decumbent, 10-18 inches long, simple or a little branched, usually produging only terminal heads: stipules membrana- ceous, ovate, acuminate, laciniately serrate with subulate teeth, the lower ones lanceolate and nearly or quite entire; leaflets oblong or oval; some- — what cuneiform at base, mucronately ciliate-serrulate, obtuse, the totver- most mostly emarginate, 6-i8 lines long: heads an inch or more in diam- eter. depressed-globose, long-peduncled ; involucre large, foliaceous, lacini- ately many-cleft with spinulose lobes, little shorter than the heads; teeth of the calyx narrowly subulate, nearly equal, 2-3 times longer than the tube, shorter than the corolla; petals an inch long, purple, the upper one ~ pale at the tip: pods somewhat stipitate, 3-6-seeded. In salt meadows along the coast, near the mouth of the Columbia river. / T. obtusiflorum Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 218. Sparsely short-hairy or glabrous, often more or less resinous-glandular: stems stout, a few inches to 3 feet long, from an annual root, erect or decumbent, diffusely branched: lower stipules scarious, prominently nerved, lanceolate, setaceously acuminate, an inch. long, entire or toothed, upper ones more herbaceous, setaceously pectinate: leaflets elliptic-lanceolate 12-18 lines long, spinulose-serrate, acute at each end, terminated by a rigid spiny point: heads an inch or more broad on long stoutish peduncles: inyolucre setaceously many-cleft ; tube of the calyx oblong-campanulate, 3 lines long, with 10 prominent and as many lesser nerves, these branching and forming reticulations above, teeth subulate-spinose, entire, shorter than the tube; petals 8-10 lines long, lilac-purple with dark centre: pods elliptical, 2-seeded, dehiscent. On clayey hillsides, southwestern Oregon to middle California. AG '. tridentata Lindl. Bot. Reg. under t. 1070. Glabrous annual: stems slender, erect, simple or branched, 3-20. inches high: stipules searious, narrowly lanceolate, spinulose acuminate, the lower entire, the upper seta- ceously laciniate: leaflets linear-lanceolate, 1-2 inches long, spinulose ser- rate; heads nearly an inch broad: involucre orbicular, setac: ously many- lobed and toothed, shorter than the flowers: tube ot the calyx campann- late, prominently 10-nerved, reticulated, the short oblong lobes abruptly contracted above to a slender spine, often subtended by a pair of short spines or teeth; flowers purlpe and white: mature peds fully as broad as = TRIFOLIUM. LBGUMINOS2E. 137 long, 2-seeded, dehiscent. Common on rocky hillsides and river banks, Brit. Columbia to California. T. oligauthum Steud. Nom. i, 707. :7. pauciflorum Nutt. not d’Ur- ville. Glabrous annual: stems slender, erect, much branched from the base and sometimes sparingly so above, about a foot high: stipules lacini- ate, acuminate: lower leaflets on long petioles, cuneate-oblong, obtuse or emarginate, upper ones on short petioles, lanceolate-linear, acuminate, 8-10 lines long by 1-2 lines broad, distinctly and minutely spinulose-ser- rulate; involucre 12-16-parted, about one-third the length of the flowers: heads'5+7-flowered, on long babe Sirol siege teeth of the calyx simple, broadly subulate, pungent, scarcely longer than the tube, shorter than the petals; lower part of the corolla dull purple, upper part whitish: pods 2- seeded. Wet pinces on the higher plains of the Columbia and Willamette valleys. T. variegatum Nutt. T. & G. Fl. i, 317. Glabrous winter annual; stems Weak and deculibent, 8-12 inches long, branching from the base and spar- ingly above: upper stipules roundish, laciniately dentate with subulate- setaceous teeth : leaflets obovate tooblong or somewhat obcordate, minutely spinulose-serrate, 3-6 lines long, peduncles filiiorm, longer than the leaves ; involucre open-campanulate or at length spreading, laciniately many-cleit, shorter than the flowers; heads about 6 lines in diameter; teeth of the glabrous calyx equal, lanceolate-subulate with setaceous points, longer than the tube, shorter than the corolla: petals purple with white tips: pods small, 2-seeded. Common in wet places throughout the Willamette valley. * * Involucre membranaceous, at least at base, less deeply lobed, the lobes entire or toothed: corolla not becoming inflated: annuals. T. microcephalum Pursh Fl. 478. Villous with soft hairs: stems » slender; erect ortecum bent, 0-20 inches long, diffusely branched from the s , ere base: stipnles lanceolate to ovate, acuminate, mostly entire: leaflets ob- lanceolate to obcordate or obovate, denticulate: 4-6 lines long: heads small, densely many-flowered; involucre about 9-lobed, the lobes acumi- nate, 3-nerved, entire; calyx hairy, its subulate teeth scariously margined, sometimes toothed at base, attenuate to a long spinulose point, equalling » a et ee Cyrlls oa: the corolla: ovules 2; pods glabrous, l-seeded. Corimon in open places,. Brit. Columbia to California. T. .microdon H. &.. A. «Bot. Beech, 330, t. 79. Somewhat villous: stems slender, erect or ascending, diffusely branched below, 6-12 inches high: stipules lanceolate to ovate,-spinulose-acuminate, entire; leaflets obeordate, serrate, 4-8 lines long, nearly as broad: heads small, long- peduncled; inyolucre conspicuously cup-shaped, as long as the flowers, 9-12-lobed, the oblong lobes laciniately toothed: calyx glabrous, campanu- late, 10-nerved, the short teeth triangular-subulate, spinose; petals rose- color: pods small, 1-seeded. On dry hillsides, Brit. Columbia to Cal- ifornia. . ‘T. eyathiferum Lindl, Bot. Reg. under t. 1070. Glabrous: stems erect or ascending, 4-12 inches high, diffusely branched: stipules ovate to lanceolate, laciniately toothed or entire; leaflets obovate to oblanceolate, obtuse or acute, 6-12 lines long by half as broad; heads 6-10 lines in diameter, long-peduncled; involucre broad and membranaceous, conspic- uously nerved and reticulated, 7-10-lobed, the shallow acute lobes spinulose- dentate, neariy as long as the flowers: calyx smooth, the tube somewhat inflated, prominently 5-nerved, the nerves excurrent into branching seta- ceous tips which equal the small white corolla: pods oblong, 2-seeded. About springs and on wet rocks, Brit. Columbia to California and the Rocky Mountains. ; * * * Tnvolucre membranaceous: the upper. petal becoming con, spicuously inflated and enclosing the lower ones. vnro Yr Soa i 138 LEGUMINOS 2. TRIFOLIUM,. LOTUS. fucatum Lindl. 1. ¢. t/ 1883. -° Usually stout and fistulous, the de- araier branches 1-2 Souk long: hetinate light’ green, glabrous and some- what succulent: stipules large, membranaceous nearly. or quite entire: leaflets 6-18 lines long, broadly obovate, obtuse or retuse, dentate or spinu- lose-denticulate ; peduncles stout, far exceeding the leaves ; bracts ot the involucre ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, scar ious- margined, connate at base 3, heads hemispherical, 1-2 inches broad: calyx thin, campanulate, the short teeth entire, unequal: corolla 6-12 lines long, ochroleucous, fading with a red tinge: pods stipitate, 3-8-seeded: seeds roundish, nearly a line broad, minutely granulate. Along the coast, Oregon and California. T. depauperatum Desy. Journ. Bot. iv, 69, t. 82. Smooth, low and slender, decumbent or ascending: stipules small, lanceolate, acuminate, entire ; leaflets obcordate to linear, obtuse, 6 lines long or less: heads 3-10- flowered ; involucre reduced to a very small toothed or truncate, often minute and scarious ring: calyx short, the narrowly subulate: teeth but little longer than the tube; upper petal much inflated and enclosing the others, pods 1-2-seeded, seeds little broader than long, rather angular, tuberculate-rugose.. In wet places top of Table Rock, Southern Ones & California and South America. Tribe g<. Lotee B. & H. Gen. 442 Herbs rarely shrubby, with one to many- eset leaves, entire leaflets, foliaceous. scarious or gland-like stipules, and capitate, umbellate or solitary inflorescence. Petals Sree from the stamens. Stamens 10, diadelphous. Pod con- tinuous, one-celled but often with spongy partitions between the seeds. 8 LOTUS Tourn. HOSACKIA Benth. and American authors. Herbaceous or suffrutescent plants with pinnately one to sey- eral-foliolate leaves with gland-like, rarely scarious or foliaceous, stipules and one to sey eral-flowered axillary peduncles, the flower often subtended by a 1-5-foliolate. bract.. Calyx 5-toothed or -cleft, the teeth nearly equal, usually longer than the tube. Petals free from the stamens, nearly equal, the upper one ovate or roundish, lateral ones obovate or oblong, keel ‘somewhat in- curved, obtuse or ‘ac utely beaked. Stamens diadelphous; the alternate filaments dilated or thickened under the anthers. Pods linear, compressed or terete, straight or arcuate, sessile, dehis- cent or indehiscent, 1-several- seeded, with spongy partitions be- tween the seeds. Seeds variously rounded or elongated, some- times quadrate. smooth, tuberculate or rugose. § 1 Acmisron Raf. New Fl. 58, as genus. Annuals mie 1-5- foliolate nearly sessile leaves with small gland-like stipules and smal] flowers on axillary peduncles. Petals but little exceeding the calyx the claws equally approximate to each other, keel nar- rowed above into a rather short, acute, incurved beak, equalling or exceeding the wings: pods linear, straight or nearly so, some- what compressed, readily dehiscent, s ‘several- seeded. Americanus Bisch. Hort. Heidelb. Hosackia Purshiana Benth. ¢ or less villous or glabrous: stems erect or assurgent, 6-18 inches high, simple to diffusely branched: leaves nearly sessile or short-petioled ; leaflets ovate to lanceolate or oblong, 3-9 lines long often only the terminal | one present, the others when present scattered’ on a short slightly dilated LOTUS. LEGUMINOS 4. 139 rachis: peduncles usually exceeding the leaves, with a single unifotiolate bract at the summit; flowers solitary, 2-3 lines long; teeth of the calyx linear, much longer than the tube, almost equalling the corolla; petals salmon-color, the upper oné orbicular: pods narrow, somewhat compressed, about an inch long, 5-7-seeded, with very spongy partitions between the oblong black or mottled seeds. Common on bars and gravelly banks of streams. Brit. Columbia to California, Missouri and Arkansuas. - § 2. Antsonorus Bernh. ‘as genus. Leaves pinnately 2-10-foliolate, the leaflets scattered on a more or less dilated rachis, with gland-like stipules and small flowers on axillary peduneles. Pods promptly deciduous. * Annuals: flowers solitary, on very short pedicels, not bracted: claws of the petals equally approximate to each other; the keel nar- rowed above into a somewhat incurved beak: pods short, not attenu- ate at base, few-seeded, promptly deciduous. L. Wrangelianus F. & M. Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 16. Hosackia sub- pinnata T.& G. Pilose or subglabrous: stems diffusely branched from the base, +-6 inches high: leaflets 2-4, all but one on the outside of the rachis, oblong, subglabrous, 4-6 lines long,-more or less pilose: flowers sessile or nearly so, about 2 lines long; teeth of the calyx subulate, several times longer than the tube, ciliate with long spreading hairs, not as long as the yellow corolla: pods pubescent, 6 lines long, nearly obtuse, 5-7-seeded. Southern Oregon to California. L. humistratus Greene Pitt. ii, 189. Hosackia brachycarpa Benth. Softly villous: stems 4-6 inches high, diffusely branched from the base: leaflets usually 4, all but one on the outside of the rachis 5-6_lines long, obovate to oblong, acute, flowers sessile, 3-4 lines long, bright yellow; calyx-tube very short, its subulate teeth much longer, nearly equalling the corolla: pods 3-4 lines long, oblong, obtusish, very pubescent, nearly terete, 2-4-seeded. On grayelly bars and banks along streams, Southern Oregon to California. L. denticulatus Greene l.c. Hosackia denticulata Drew. Pale green and glaucous, glabrous or the inflorescence villous: stems erect, sparingly branched, 1-2 feet high: leaflets 2-6, all but one on the outside of the rachis, obovate to oblanceolate, 4-8 lines long, sparingly hairy beneath : flowers 2-3 lines long, solitary, on short axillary pedicels or nearly sessile : calyx deeply 5-cleft, its subulate teeth longer than the tube, denticulate, about equalling the corolla; petals about 2 lines long, pale yellow or sal- mon-color, changing. to rich dark red: pods pubescent, very short, 3- seeded. In wet places, Vaneouver Island to California. * * Peduncles elongated, one to several-flowered, mostly bracted : claw of the upper petal commonly remote from the others: keel mostly obtuse. L. micranthus Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. xvii, 367. Mosackia parvi- flora Benth. Annual: glabrous or nearly so: stems slender, ascending, 4-12 inches long, usually branching frum the base: leaflets 3-5, obovate to narrowly oblong, 2-8 lines long: peduncles longer than the leaves, 1-2- flowered, with a 1-3-foliolate bract at the summit: petals yellow, about 2 lines long, keel with a short incurved apex, nearly equalling the wings; banner obcordate: pods 6-12 lines long, 5-7-seeded, often contracted be- tween the seeds. Common on dry or gravelly plains and _ hillsides, Van- couyer Island to California. Ae. § 3 Syrmatium Vogel as Genus. « Mostly perennials with pinnately 3-7-foliolate leaves, and gland-like stipules. Pedun- cles umbellately one to several-flowered ; claw of the upper petal MANS 1D 40 140 LEGUMINOSAE. Lotus. remote from the others; keel broad and obtuse above. The ma- ture calyx deciduous with the indehiscent, usually small, arcuate, slender-pointed, few-seeded pod. ye Douglasii Greene |. c. 149. Hesackia decumbens Benth. Villous- pubescent and somewhat tomentose: stems slender, ascending or diffusely procumbent, 6-18 inches long, from a thick very tough perennial root: leaflets 5-7, cuneate-oboyate to oblong, mostly acute, 3-6 lines long: um- bels of yellow flowers on short peduncles, subtended by a 1-3-foliolate bract :> ey its.slender,teeth often.as long as the campanulate tube: s pubescent, falcate, the beak longer than tlre seed-bearing portion, about 2-seeded. Open plains and_ hillsides, Brit. Columbia to California. s 4. Hosacxta Benth. Bot. Reg. xv, under t. 1257, as Genus. Perennial herbs with pinnate leaves, true stipules, the leaflets evenly distributed upon a linear rachis. | Peduncles um- bellately many-flowered, the flowers usually subtended by a bract. Claw of the upper petal remote from the others, the lat- eral ones partially cohering with the broad and mostly very ob- tuse keel and spreading away from the claw of the upper one. Pods acute above, linear, straight or nearly so, 5-20 seeded, gla- brous, terete or somewhat compressed, tardily dehiscent. * Glabrous throughont or becoming so: bracts petioled or wanting: stipules scarious : leaflets 5-15: flowers rather large. . L. erassifolius Greene |. c.147. osackia crassifolia Benth. Stout, erect, often 2-+ feet high, widely branching: leaflets 9-15, minutely pubes- cent or somewhat villous but soon glabrate, thickish obovate or oblong, usually obtuse and mucronulate, 6-12 lines long. peduncies nearly equal- ling the leaves, usually many-flowered: bract usually some distance be- low the umbel, 1-3-foliolate: flowers on slender pedicels, 2-4 lines long: tube of the calyx campanulate, 3 lines long, truncate, the very short tri- angular teeth distant from each other; petals much longer than the calyx, dull dark purple: pods thick, about 2 inches long by 5 lines in diameter: seeds nearly orbicular. In_ rich alluvial soil, foothills of the Caseade Moantains, Washington to California. L. pinnatus Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 2913. Hosackia bicolor Dougi. Glab- rous throughout: stems numerous, from a thick perennial root, . erect, branched above, 1-2 feet high: leaflets 5-9 obovate or oblong, obtuse or acutish, 6-12 lines long; stipules rather large, triangular, acuminate; ped- uncles mostly longer than the leaves, 53-10-flowered, naked, or sometimes with a small searious or 1-3-foliolate bract at the summit: flowers nearly sessile, 8-10 lines long; calyx campanulate, oblique, its triangular teeth but half as long as the tube; upper petal bright yellow, the laters] ones usually white: pods nearly terete, 2 inches long, but little more than'a line in diameter: seeds numerous, ob:ong. In springs and ditches, Brit. Columbia to California. L. formosissimus Greene 1]. ¢. Hosackia gracilis Benth. Low and slender, the weak stems 6-12 inches long: leaflets 5-7, broadly obovate to obovate-oblong, obtuse, the lowest truncate or retuse ; stipules thin, ovate: pedicels equalling or shorter than the leaves; bract petioled, 1-3-foliolate : teeth of the. calyx unequal, triangular, acute or acuminate, shorter than the campanulate tube ; petals 7 lines long, the upper one yellow, the wide spreading lateral ones and much _ shorter keel rose-color: pods short. In moist ground along the seaboard, Oregon to California. * * Pubescent or puberulent; bracts nearly sessile, at the top of the peduncles. a eR - PSORALEA. LEGUMINOS 2. 141 L. ‘Torreyi Greene |. ¢. 146. Hosackia Torreyi Gray. Minutely pubes- cent: stems rather slender, numerous, from a stout perennial root, 1-2 feet high, mostly simple: stipules triangular, a line or more long; leaflets 5-1), obovate to narrowly oblanceolate or linear, densely pubescent be- neath, mostly obtuse, 6-12 lines long: peduncles exceeding the leaves; bracts usually trifoliolate: umbels 5-7-flowered; teeth of the pubescent calyx subulate, about as long as the short campanulate tube; petals 6 lines long, the upper one bright yellow, the lateral. ones and very obtuse kee! white or reddish: pods linear, 1-2 inches long, with an acuminate hooked beak. In springs and ditches, southwestern Oregon to California. Tribe 5. Galegex. Bronn. (partly) T..& G. blot, 292. Ereet herbs, shrubs, or trees with usually unequally pinnate, seldom stipellate leaves and axillary or terminal, racemose or spi- cate inflorescence. Corolla papilionaceous, or otherwise irregu- lar. Stamens diadelphous or sometimes. monadelphous. Pods continuous, rarely with transverse cellular partitions between the seeds, but never separating into joints, 1-celled, several-seeded, de- hiscent, or 1—2-seeded and indehiscent. Radicl: incurved or in- flexed. i : 9 PSORALEA Royen L. Gen. ed, 2, 358, Our species perennial herbs, the herbage punctate with dark glandular dots with digitately or pinnately 3-d-foliolate leaves with entire leaflets and free stipules, and white or purple flowers in axillary pedunculate spikes or racemes, mostly with mem- branaceous deciduous bracts. Calyx campanulate, persistent, 5- cleft, its teeth nearly equal, or the lower one longest, the two upper ones often connate. Petals free from the stamens; keel broad and obtuse above, united with the wings. Stamens usually diadelphous, the upper one sometimes united with the others at the base; anthers uniform, often only 5 perfect. Pods ovate, about as long as the calyx, 1-seeded, indehiscent, thick, often wrinkled. ; * Leaves digitately 3-5-foliolate, rarely 7-foliolate. P. lanceolata Pursh. Fl. 475. Aromatic-glandular throughout: stems slender, 12-30 inches high, erect or assurgent, branched, glabrous or with a few scattered hairs: stipules linear-Janceolate to setaceous, 3-6 lines long: “Abate 1-2 inches long; leaves trifoliolate; leaflets 1-2 inches long, linear-lanceolate to obovate, acute or obtuse, mucronate, glabrous or with a few hairs: peduncles longer than the leaves; inflorescence capitate, small; bracts minute; flowers nearly white; calyx minutely hairy, the lobes nearly equal, obtuse: pods globose, 3 lines long, light with conspicu- ous large raised brown glands, nearly glabrous, beak small and erect: seeds globose, brown. On sandy plains, Oregon and Washington to Iowa and Arizona. P. Purshii Vail Bull. Torr. Club, xxi, 94. Glandular throughout; stems assurgent 6-20 inches high or more, from a long slender rootstock, glabrous or somewhat hirsute at base; scales ovate, scarious: leaves 3- foliocte; stipules lanceolate, 3-4 lines long; leaflets 1-2 inches long, obo- vate cuneate or elliptical, or the uppermost nearly lanceolate and often much narrower, varying greatly in size and shape, retuse or mucronulate, glandular, glabrous or with a few scattered white hairs: peduncles vary- ing in length, rarely longer than the leaves: flowers scattered in slender spikes or crowded in nearly capitate heads; bracts minute; lobes of the a te 0 ve, [GLP B WNeko 142 - -LEGUMINOS.E. PSORALEA. » ; PETALOSTEMEN, calyx about equal, sparingly hirsute: pode glabrous, 4 lines long, with a short erect beak, light..with scattered brown glands and. more or less densely villous with white hairs: seeds globose, 3 lines long, light brown. On sand banks along the Columbia river, to Idaho and Nevada. * * Leaves pinnately 3-foliolate. ugl. Hook. Fl. i, 136. Glabrous or with a few weak, mostly black hairs: stems slender, assurgent, 1-2 feet high, simple: leaves 3-foliolate; stipules lanceolate, acuminate, reflexed; leaflets broadly rhomboid-oyate, mostly acute, mucronate an inch long, glandular; pedun- cles equalling or exceeding the leaves; flowers in capitate racemes; bracts small, elliptical; calyx more or less villous with usually dark-colored hairs, 4-5 lines long, becoming much_ inflated, lobes nearly equal, triangu- lar, the margins ciliate with dark’ hairs; ‘petals 5-6 lines long, white or purplish, pods membranaceous, rounded, somewhat compressed, 3 lines long; seeds grayish. In open woods and rocky: hillsides, sVancouver Is- land to California. ; ; ‘ = P. melilotoides Michx. Fl. ii, 58. Hedysarwm pedunculatum Mill. Gardn. Dict, No.17. ‘Stems erect, 1-2 feet high, from a long rootstock, simple or branching from the base: stipules 2-3 lines long, setaceous: peti-. oles shorter than the leaflets; leaves remote, 3-foliolate, rarely 4—5-folio- late; leaflets 2 inches long, lanceolate, acute, rarely-ovate and obtuse, gla- brous except the veins and margins which are very sparingly hirsute; peduncles much exceeding the leayes; flowers in loose spikes: bracts glandular, broadly ovate, much imbricated, the cuspidate apex longer than the flowers; lobes of the calyx acute, glandular, the lower one the long- est: pods orbicular, compressed, transversely wrinkled, beak minute, re- curved: seed orbicular, flat, brown. Seattle, Washington (Piper) and the Atlantic States. . 10 PETALOSTEMON Michx, FI. ii, 48, t. 37, Herbaceous, mostly perennial glandular dotted plants with unequally pinnate leaves with minute setaceous stipules, and small flowers in dense terminal spikes or heads. Calyx often glandular, 4-toothed, the teeth connivent, nearly equal. Petals 5, on filiform claws; 4 of them nearly similar, their claws united to the stamen-tube quite to the summit, alternate with the stam- cus, deciduous by an articulation, the upper one free, inserted at the bottom of the calyx, the limb cordate or oblong, condupli- cate. Stamens 5, monadelphous, the tube cleft. Ovary with 2 collateral ovules. Pod membranaceous, enclosed in the calyx, indehiscent, 1-seeded. P. ornatus Dougl. Hook. Fl. i, 138. Perennial; stems simple, 1-2 feet high, glandular-dotted: leaflets 5-9, obovate to narrowly oblong, 5-6 lines long, flowers in dense, long-peduncled terminal spikes, sessile, bright purple; bracts lanceolate, acuminate, about equalling the flowers: calyx densely silky-villous; upper tooth as long as the tube, the others shorter: ovary pubescent. Hillsides and old river banks, Eastern Oregon. Tribe 5. — = ~~ =< = SENECIO COMPOSIT& 375 ked at base: the scales thin-herbaceous, lanceolate or linear, equal, in one or two series. . Receptacle flat, naked. Rays elon- gated: disk-corollas with distinct and usually elongated tube and funnelform or cylindraceous 5-lobed limb. Style-appendages obtuse, pubescent. Achenes linear, 5-angled or 5-10-ribbed, somewhat hirsute or nearly glabrous. Pappus asingle series of rather rigid strongly scabrous or barbellate capillary bristles. § 1 Ours perennials with tomentose and usually floccose pu- bescence or none, never viscid nor obviously hirsute. * Heads more than half-inch high, very many-flowered: disk corollas merely 5-toothed : heads radiate. S. megacephalus Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. vii, 410. About a foot high, loosely floccose-woolly, tardi'y glabrate, leafy: leaves entire, lanceo- late and tapering into a petiole, uppermost cauline attenuate, thickish: heads 1-3, short-peduncled, 8-12 lines high: involucre calyculate by some very loose and setaceous-subulate elongated accessory bracts: rays over half inch long. Mountains of Idaho. * * Heads middle-sized or small, erect, mostly radiate. + Stems herbaceous, numerously and equally leafy to the top: leaves pinnately veined,not conspicuously reticulate, from entire to laciniate-dentate or.dissected, not narrowly linear,glabrous or very early glabrate and smooth. — ++ Low, alpine: heads few or solitary. S. hesperis Greene. Pitt. ii, 166. Stems, 4-10 inches high from short, spreading rootstocks, leafy only at the decumbent base; sparingly floccose- tomentose when young, in age nearly glabrous: leaves thickish and some-. what fleshy, from round-oval te oblong and oblong-lanceolate, 6-12 lines long, tapering or abruptly contracted to a short or long petiole, almost en- tire or repandly or crenately few-toothed: head solitary half-inch high, with the expanded rays 1 inch broad: involucre campanulate, the bracts - linear, outer calyculate ones few or none: rays 10-12 deep yellow, style tips slightly penicillate. On the serpentine formation of the Coast range of southern Oregon. S. Fremontii T. & G. Fl. ii, 445. Many-stemmed from a thickish cau- dex, 6-12 inches high, leafy to the top: leaves thickish, from rounded-ob- ovate or spatulate to oblong, obtuse, obtusely or acutely dentate, some- times even pinnatifid-dentate; lower abruptly contracted into a winged - petio'e ; uppermost sessile by a broadish base: head half-inch high, short- peduncled, subtended by a few short loose bractlets: rays 3-5 lines long. Alpine regions of the Rocky Mountains to Lassen Peak California and the Blue Mountains of Oregon. S. occidentalis Greene Pitt. iv,122. 8. Fremontii Var occidentalis Gray. Stems many from running rootstocks, 4-12 inches high, rather slender: leaves from round-obovate to spatulate, 6-12 lines long those in the middle of the stem largest and the lowest smallest, coarsely dentate: heads 1-several, about 6 lines high: bracts of the involucre linear, 1- nerved, scarious-margined, the small accessary ones setaceous to lanceo- late, rays 4-6 lines long. On the higher mountains, Oregon to California _ and the Rocky mountains. S. streptanthifolius Greene Eryth. iii, 28. ‘‘Only a foot high, or even less, from clustered leafy perennial rootstocks, glabrous throughout, some- what fleshy-coriaceous and glaucous: leaves.1 to 1 ¥ inches long, orbicular 376 ~ COMPOSITA SENECIO to obovate and oblong-obovate, rather long-peduncled, the margin from merely repand-denticulate to more conspicuously though sparingly toothed: heads less than 4g inch high, in a loose unequally-branched corymb terminating the remotely bracted stem: both disk.and ray flowers very light yellow. On dry wooded banks in Beaver Canon, Idaho,” S. Gibbonsii Greene Pitt. ii, 20. Stems stout, simple, 3 feet high or more, leafy throughout: leaves rather fleshy, short-petioled, 3 inches long deltoid-lanceolate, acute, entire or with a few irregular teeth near the base: heads radiate, 6 lines high, disposed in a lax somewhat dichomotous cyme: involucre campanulate, calyculate-bracted at base. Salt-marshes at the mouth of the Columbia river,’’ + + Tall with corymbosely cymous and radiate heads: involucre setaceously few-bracteolate, campanulate or narrower: leaves nearly membranaceous. ; S. triangularis Hook. Fl. i, 332. Rather stout, glabrate, stem sim- ple, 2-5 feet high bearing several or somewhat numerous heads in a corym- biform open cyme: leaves all more or less petioled and thickly dentate, deltoid-lanceolate or the lower triangular-hastate or deltoid-cordate and the uppermost lanceolate with cuneate base: heads about half-inch high, involucre campanulate, mostly 25-30-flowered, the oblong-linear, rays 6- 12. In wet ground on the high mountains, British Columbia to Califor- nia and the Rocky Mountaius. S. subvestitus Howell Eryth. iii, 35. Densely floccose-woolly through- out: stem simple, 1-2 feet high, from short spreading rootstocks, leafy to the top: leaves lanceolate, obscurely hastate, the lowest subcordate, all petiolate, 1-2 inches long, strongly denticulate: heads several in a close cyme, radiate, half-inch high, involucre campanulate, many-tlowered with or without calyculate setaceous bracts at base. In wet meadows,top of the Siskiyou mountains hear Waldo, Oregon. S. serra Hook l.c.. Strict, 2-4 feet high, very leafy, sometimes sim- ple and bearing rather few, somewhat large heads, commonly branching at summit, then bearing numerous corymbosely paniculate smaller heads: leaves 4-6 inches long, all lanceolate and tapering to both ends, sessile by a narrow base, or the lowest short: petioled, usually with the whole mar- gin thickly serrate or serrulate with very acute salient teeth: involucre oblong-cam panulate,20-30 flowered: rays5-8,oblong linear. Along streams, eastern Oregon to Idaho, Wyoming and Colorado Var. integriusculus Gray Syn. Fl. i, Pt. 2,386. Heads smaller, (3 or 4 lines high) and narrower, fewer-flowered : leaves minutely serrate or den- ticulate or the upper entire, sometimes all entire or nearly so generally shorter and smaller or broader and not acaminate. Common from Eastern Oregon to California and Wyoming. + + Stems either few-leaved or with the upper leaves reduced in size; the infloresence therefore naked: none with linear leaves. ++ Tall and simple-stemmed, froma coarsely fibrous cluster of roots: leaves fleshy-coriaceous, all entire or barely denticulate. -S. hydrophyllus Nutt. 1. c. Very glabrous and smooth sometimes glaucous: stems robust, 2-4 feet high, strict: leaves lanceolate with strong midrib and obsolete veins; radical oblanceolate and stout-petioled, some- times a foot long and nearly 2 inches wide; upper cauline sessile or partly clasping: heads numerous in a branching corymbiform cyme, 5 lines high, short pedicelled: involucre narrowly campanulate, slightly bracteolate, its bracts 8-12: rays 3-6, small, sometimes none. In water or wet places, British Columbia to California. Along the Columbia river above the Dalles. eT - SENECIO COMPOSIT A 377 ++ + Plants mostly in clumps or tufts, or from tufted or creeping rootstocks: stems commonly robust, 1-5 feet high, bearing mostly numerous heads in a cyme: leaves from entire to dentate, none really cordate, nor with permanent tomentum: usually more or less woolly- pubescent when young, often quite glabrate and green at flowering time: heads many-flowered: rays 8-12, conspicuous. S. Columbianus Greene Pitt. iii, 170. S. lugens in wt of authors, not of Richardson. ¥Floccose-woolly when young, at length glabrate: stems stout, 2-4 feet high, from a fascicle of coarse fibrous 1oots: leaves thick, very variable, from oblong to lanceolate, variously dentate to serrulate; the lower petioled; the upper sessile by a broad base: beads numerons, in an ample cymose panicle: involucre campanulate, 6-8 lines bigh; its num- erous bracts lanceolate, acute or acuminate, with or without black tips: rays yellow, 6-8 lines long, oblong to oblanceolate. Common on plains and hills, Brit. Columbia to California.and Nebraska. S. exaltatus Nutt Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. vii, 410. Sparingiy villous when young, at length glabrous: stems stout, 2-3 feet high, simple, naked above: leaves thick, equally crenate-denticulate; the radical and lower cau- line broadly lanceolate-oblong, obtuse, on long petioles; the upper lanceo- late, acute, partly clasping, serrate: heads small, numerous, in a compound fastigiate cyme: bracts of the involucre linear, with pubescent purplish or black tips: rays 6-8, oblong, short: acbenes glabrous. Plains of the Columbia. Oregon and Washington. S. lugens var. ochroleucus Gray ap- pears to be a nearly white-flowered form of this. S. cordatus Nutt. 1.¢. More or less pubescent, especially toward the base of the stem: stem solitary. 2-6 feet h‘gh, from a fascicle of fibrous roots, sulcate angled: lower leaves cordate-ovate, repandly serrulate or nearly entire, obtuse, on long petioles; the upper lanceolate, clasping, ser- rate: heads numerous, in a nearly simple corymb: bracts of the involucre about 15, linear, with pubescent black tips: rays 5-6. oblong. On sandy hills Sauvie Island near the mouth of the Willamette River. S. Oreganus. Glabrous throughout: stems rather slender, 2-3 feet high, from a somewhat woody caudex: leaves from spatulate to linear, usually narrowly lanceolate, narrowed below to a slender petiole with a dilated base, acutish to acuminate, more or less remotely denticulate; the lowest ones, including tbe pet ole, 4-8 inches long; the upper ones reduced to sessile subulate or setaceous bracts: heads 8-20, in a close umbel the rays of which elongate forming a loose cymose panicle in fruit: bracts of the involucre linear-lanceolate or linear, acuminate, with black tips: rays yellow; spatulate, 4-6 lines long: achenes about 2 lines long. glabrous. In marsbes bordering Lake Labish, Marion Co. Oregon. S. fetidus. Glabrous: stems stout, 2-3 feet high, from a short hard caudex, bearing an ample umbellate cyme of middlesized heads: leaves thin, lanceolate, finely denticulate; the lowest 4-8 inches long including the petiole, acute, tapering below to a short petiole; upper ones sessile by a broad base, reduced upward to small bracts: invohucre 6 lines high, its very numerous linear bracts very acute, green or yellowish, often spar- ingly hispidulous: rays 8-12, yellow: achenes short, glabrous. In swales, Klickitat Valley Washington. This plant has a very unpleasant odor, ay my specimens that have been in my herbarium 20 years have not ost it. ++ + ++ Leaves crowded on the matted rootstock nearly veinless: achenes glabrous. S. valerianella Greene Pitt. iv, 109. Glabrous: stems slender, de- cumbent at base, 4-6 inches long, from slender densely tufted rootstocks: leaves from round-obovoid to almost orbicular, about 8 lines in diameter, — 378 COMPOSIT 4 SENECIO slender-petioled, thin and delicate, lightly but rather evenly crenate; cau- line bracts very variable, from somewhat lyrate to lanceolate or subu- late: heads usually solitary: involucre subeampanulate, 3-4 lines high, of numerous broad thin bracts and one or more rather broad and her- baceous bractlets at base: rays 1U or more, broad and short, golden-yellow. Coeur d’Alene Mountains Idaho. ++ ++ ++ ++ Stems 6-30 inches high, bearing some leaves and corym- vee! cymose heads:-involucre sparingly calyculate or nearly naked. at base. 7 = Leaves all entire, rarely sparingly denticulate or toothed. S. fastigiatus Nutt. ].c. Cinereous with a fine and close pannose to- -mentum, or glabrate: stems strict, simple, 1-2 feet high, terminated by a fastigiate cyme of several heads, or sometimes with branches t+rminated with single and rather large heads: leaves lanceolate or spatulate-lanceo- late, obtuse. about 2 inches long, entire or sparingly dentate; upper often linear; lower cauline, and the sometimes oblong, radical tapering into slender petioles: beads 4-6 lines high: rays conspicuous: achene: glab- rous. Plains of Oregon and Washington to Idaho and British Columbia. = = Leaves from entire or serrate to pinnatifid in the same species, none pinnately divided. S. Purshianus Nutt.1 c. S. Howellii Greene. Densely white tomen-_ tose when young, tardily deciduous above: stems 4-10 inches high leafy: leaves thickish the lower ones lanceolate, from nearly entire to coarsely dentate or pinnatifid, slender-petioled; upper leaves pinnately lobed or arted into obleng divisions, all petioled or the uppern ost sessile: Heads ew to numerous, in a rather close fastigiate cyme, 6 lines high or more; involucre campanulate its numerous bracts lanceolate acute or acumi- nate, green with white margins, minutely puberulent, the tips pubescent : rays 6-12, elongated oblong, 6 lines Jong or more: achenes glabrous, light colored prominently striate, Rocky banks Eastern Oregon and Washing- ton to the Rocky mountains. S. aureus L. Sp. 870. Perennial, glabrous or very nearly so through- ‘aut; stems rather slender, solitary or tufted, 12-30 inches high: l leaves cordate-orbicular or reniform, crenate-dentate, very obtuse and rounded, often purplish, 1-6 inches long, with long slender petioles; lower stem-leaves lanceclate or oblong, usually laciniate, pinnatifid or lyrate, the uppermost small, sessile, somewhat auriculate and clasping: heads seyeral, 8-10 lines broad, 4-5 lines high, slender-peduncled, in an open corymb; rays 8-12, golden-yellow; achenes glabrous; pappus white. In wet places in the high mountains, Alaska to California and across the con- tinent ; S. balsamite Muhl. Wild. Sp. 1999. Stems slender, 10-20 inches high, . woolly at the base and in the axils of the lower leaves: radical leaves slender- petioled, oblong, rarely slightly spatulate, very obtuse, narrow at the base, mostly thick, crenate, often purplish, 1-3 inches long, 3-6 lines wide, their petivlesand sometimes their lower surfaces persistently tomentose or woolly, or glabrous, throughout; lower stem leaves petioled, lanceolate or pinnatifid, the upper sessile very small: heads few or several, slender peduncled, 6-10 lines broad, 3-4 lines high: rays 8-12: achenes usually bispidulous: on the angles, Dry soil, British Columbia to Washington, Texas, Nebraska and Nova Scotia. ; S. subnudus DC. Prodr. vi, 428. Very glabrous throughout: stems often decumbent at base, simple, slender, 6-10 inches high, nearly leafless above and usually bearing a single head: radical leaves obovate, slender- petioled, coarsely dentate; cauline very few, sessile, oblong to linear, incised geneero COMPOSIT 4# 379 or somewhat pinnatifid: involucre open-campanulate, 4—5 lines high, of linear acute bracts: rays 8-12, elongated oblong: achenes glabrous, striate. In marshy grounds, Cascade and Rucky Mountains. S. elongatus Pursh FI ii, 529. 8S. aureus var. borealis T & G. Stems 10-20 inches high: leaves thickish; the radical from roundish with abrupt or even truncate base to cuneate-obovate and cuneate spatulate, 6-12 lines long, slender-petioled: cauline seldom much pinnatifid; heads numerous or few, not rarely rayless: achenes glabrous, In the high mountains Brit. Columbia to California and the Rocky Mountains. S$. Adamsi. Floccose-woolly below, glabrous above except the axils of - the leaves: stems 4—12 inches high: radical leaves obovate or oblong to al- most orbicular, crenately toothed, the blade 6-18 lines long, on slender pet- ioles as long or longer; cauline leaves lanceolate to linear in outline, pinnate- ly lobed or parted into oblong or linear lobes or divisions, sessile by a ssme- what clasping base: heads 1-12, in a close or at length open cyme: involucre hemispherical, of numerous linear-lanceolate acute bracts, 4-5 lines long: rays 12-15, elongated oblong: achenes glabrous, about a line long. By the base of cliffs, Mount Adams Washington. = = = Leaves mostly once pinnately divided or parted and again lobed or incised. . S. Bolanderi Gray Proc. Am. Acad. vii, 362. Glabrous or early glabrate: stems weak*and slender, 6-30 inches high from slender creeping rootstocks: leaves thin and membraneous, mostly petioled: early radical orbicular, subcordate, palmately 5-9 lobed or crenate-incised; others pin- nately divided into 5-9 distinct leaflets or the upper lobes confluent with rounded terminal one, all obtusely incised: heads several, loosely cymose 4 or 5 lines high, rays 5-8, rather long. Common along streams and bluffs Washington to Northern'California west of the Cascade mountains. t+ ++ ++ ++ ++ Stems leafy, numerously or somewhat equably so up to the top S. condensatus Greene Pitt. iii, 298 ‘‘ Stems solitary, stout and low, very leafy, 4 to 6 inches or rarely almost a foot high: herbage somewhat suc- culent, sparsely floeculent when young: lower leaves almost as long as the stem, spatulate-obovate; the upper oblanceolate, all obtuse, crenately or more sharply dentate: heads 3 to 6, more than 4% inch high, closely sessile in a large cluster among the upper leaves: bracts of the decidedly flocculent in- volucre lanceolate, acuminate: rays either wanting or few and deep yellow. High ridges of the Blue Mountains Walla Walla Co. Washington, Piper. § 2 Annuals or biennials. _ §. vorearis L. Engl. Bot. t., 748. (GroounpsEeL). Rather stout, branch- ing and leafy to the top glabrate 4-16 inches high from an annual root: leaves incisely pinnatifid the long or roundish lobes and the sinuses sharply toothed : heads 4-5 lines high: tips of the involucral bracts and the short calyculate ones at base blackish: rays none: achenes canes- cently puberulent, common in cultivated fields and moist places, flower- ing most of the winter months. (Nat. from Eu.) Tribe viii. CYNAROIDE B. & H. Gen. ii, 211. Heads hom- ogamous tubiflorous, the flowers all hermaphrodite with equally or sometimes unequally 5-cleft corollas, the lobes long and narrow, or sometimes radiatiform and heterogamous by enlargement of the limb of marginal flowers which are commouly neutral. Involucre much im- 880 COMPOSIT 4 CYNAROIDEX bricated: receptacle mostly flat or convexed, often fimbrillate or densely setose. Anthers with tatls at base and commonly with elongated and connate cartilaginous apical appendages, their tips distinct. Style- branches destitute of appendage, short, sometimes distinct or partly so, more commonly united up to the simply obtuse tips, not hirsute or hispid, but sometimes an hispidulous or pubescent ring or node below. Achenes thickish and hard. Pappus setose or rarely paleaceous. Leaves alternate the teeth or margins often prickly. SUBTRIBE I CARDUINEZ Achenes attached by their very base. | Flowers all perfect ,( except one THISTLE ). * Filaments distinct. + Leaves never prickly: style slender, its branches partly distinct: filaments glabrous. 87 Saussurea Involucre obovoid to oblong; its bracts appressed and without spinose or hooked tips pappus double, the inner series united at base and falling together, the outer distinct and falling separately. 88 Arctium Involucre globular; its bracts spreading above the appressed base and hooked at tip. + + Leaves more or less prickly: style-branches united to or near the tip: pappus simple, its bristles united at base and falling together; filaments bearded or papillose-pubescent: involucre globose or obovoid, of numerous usually prickly-tipped much imbricated bracts. 89 Carduus Bristles of the pappus long and soft-plumose: receptacle densely villous-setose. * * Filaments united below, glabrous. 90 Silybum Involucre depressed-globose, its bracts prickly along the mar- gins and tapering into a widely spreading spine; bristles of the pap- pus in more than one series. SUBTRIBE II CENTAURINEZ Achenes obliquely attached by one side of the base or more laterally. Involucre globose or ovoid, its bracts appressed and variously appendaged. 91 Centaurea Achenes more or less compressed or quadrangular: pappus of indefinite bristles or narrow palez. 92 Cnicus Aehenes terete: pappus double, each of 10 aristiform bristles, Subtribe i, Carduinex Less. DC. Prodr. vi, 617. Heads discoid, homogamous, many-flowered; the flowers all similar, perfect or di- cecious. Bracts of the involucre imbricated in several series, often spinose at the apex. Corollas usually curved outward, the exterior often deeper cleft than the others. Anthers slightly or not at all caudate. Achenes attached by their very base, glabrous, with a ter- minal areola. 87 SAUSSUREA DC. Ann. Mus. Par. xvi, 107, t. 10-13. Tall herbs with alternate not prickly leaves and middlesized heads of purple or dark violet flowers. Heads many-flowered, the flowers all tubular, similar and perfect. Bracts of the inyo- —_— al | | : : : | SAUSSUREA | COMPOSIT A | 381 ARCTIUM lucre imbricated in several series, mostly not appendaged. Re- ceptacle flat, fimbrillate or with persistent chaff. Corollas with slender tube, inflated throat and 5-cleft limb. Anthers with se- tiform ciliate or villous tails. Pappus double, the outer of a few short denticulate rigid distinct bristles; the inner of a series of stout plumose bristles which are united at base. S. Americana Eaton Bot. Gaz. vi, 283. Stems rather stout, 2-6 feet high, leafy to the top, lightly arachnoid when young, soon glabrate, bearing numerous corymbosely cymose heads: leaves membranaceous, ovate and ob- long-ovate, acute, or acuminate, denticulate or dentate: radical and lower cauline subcordate, on slender margined: petioles, 4 inches long or more; upper sessile, with acute base; uppermost lanceolate: heads 6-10 lines high: ' involucre somewhat turbinate, pubescent; its bracts thin-coriaceous: in 4-9 ranks all pointless and obtuse, the outer successively shorter: corollas blue or purple: receptacle naked, or bearing more or less copious setiform chaff among the flowers. In moist places in the high mountains, Oregon and Washington. 88 ARCTIUM L. Gen. n. 923. ( Burpock ). Coarse biennial herbs with broad alternate petioled leaves and rather large heads of purple or white tubular perfect flowers, ra- cemose, corymbose or paniculate at the ends of the stems or branches. Involucre globular; its bracts slender-subulate or aristiform and spreading above the broader appressed base, hooked at tip, imbricated in several series. Receptacle flat, densely setose. . Anthers sagittate at base. Filaments glabrous. Achenes oblong, somewhat compressed and 38-angled, truncate. Pappus of numerous short and rigid or chaffy bristles, separately deciduous. A. Lappa L. Sp. 816. . Stem stout, 2-9 feet high much branched, rough: leaves thin, broadly ovate, pale and tomentose beneath, obtuse, entire re- pand or dentate, mostly cordate, the lower often 18 inches long: petioles solid, deeply furrowed: heads clustered or corymbose, sometimes long-pe- duncled, 6-12 lines in diameter: bracts of the involucre glabrous or nearly so, their spines spreading, the inner ones equalling the flowers. Common in waste places. Naturalized from Europe. 89 CARDUUSL. Gen. n. 925. (THISTLE) Stout herbs with alternate usually prickly leaves and large or middle-sized heads of purple, red, white,or pale yellow flowers. Heads many-flowered; the flowers all perfect and fertile, with tubular corollas with deeply, often more or less unequally, 5- cleft narrow lobes. Involucre globular, ovoid, or at matur- ity sometimes campanulate, the mostly narrow bracts inbricated in many series, more’commonly tipped with a spine or cuspidate point. Receptacle flat, fleshy, densely clothed with bristles. Filaments commonly papillose-hairy, distinct. Anthers sagit- tate at base, the auricles frequently extended with tails. Style filiform, sometimes thickened, or with a ring or node at the base of stigmatic portion. Achenes glabrous, thick-walled, obovate or 382 COMPOSIT4 CARDUUS oblong, more or less compressed, attached by their very base. Pappus of copious and rather rigid, long and plumous bristles in a single series, connected at the very base into a ring, so that they remain united after detaching. § Perennials with camparatively small divecious heads. C. arvensis Robs. Brit. F]. 163. (Canapa Tuistie.) Stems 1-3 feet high from creeping perenhial rootstocks, corymbosely branching, usually glabrate and green: leaves lanceolate, pinnatifid and toothed, furnished with abundant weak prickles: heads loosely cymose, less than an inch high, dicecious, in staminate plants ovate-globular with the flowers well exserted; the pistillate oblong-campanulate, the flowers less exserted: bracts of the involucre appressed, short, with very small weak prickly points. A troublsome weed introduced from Europe: becoming too com- mon in the Willamette Valley § 2 Biennials with the flowers all perfect. * Bracts of the involucre more or less unequal, all but the innermost — terminating in subulate, spinose spreading appendages. C. LANceoLatus L. Sp. 821. (Common TuisttE) Stems stout, 2-4 feet high, much branched: more or less vyillous-hirsute: leaves lanceolate, deeply pinnatifid w'th lanceolate lobes, rigidly prickly, upper face strigose- setulose; the base decurrent on the stem into interrupted prickly wings: heads obovoid, 1-2 inches high, terminating the stems and branches: bracts of the involucre arachnoid-woolly, lanceolate and mostly attenua‘e into slender spreading spines: corollas rose-purple. Pastures and waste places throughout the northern United States. Naturalized from Europe. * * Bracts of-the ovoid or hemispherical involucre ar ae cate, the outer succcessively shorter, all with loose and dilated fimbri- ate or lacerate white-scarious tips. C. Americanus Greene Proc. Phila?. Acad. Stems rather slender, 2-4 feet high, branching above, the branches bearing tg or scattered naked heads leaves white-tomentose beneath, lanceolate or broader, sin- uately pinnatifid or some nearly dentate, others pinnately parted, weakly prickly: heads erect. one inch high; principal bracts of the involucre naked-edged or merely fimbriate-ciliate below, and the dilated scarious apex as broad as long, fimbriate-lacerate, tipped with barely exserted cusp or mucro; innermost with lanceolate nearly entire scarious tips: flowers ochroleucous: stronger pappus-bristles dilated-clavellate at tip. Willam- ette Valley Oregon to Colorado and New Mexico. * * * Bracts of the involucre mostly loose, not appressed-im bricate nor rigid, tapering gradually from a narrow base toa slender prickly muticose apex ; outer not very much shorter than the inner, wholly destitute of dorsal glandular ridge or spot. + Some bracts of the involucre with scarious or fringed tip or mar- gins,tat least the innermost slightly or not at all prickly-pointed: leaves.,not decurrent on the stem, moderately prickly. C. remotifolius Hook. FI. i, 302. Loosely arachnoid-woolly when young: stems 2-8 feet high: leaves from sinuately to deeply pinnatifid, more or less whitened by the loose tomentum beneath even in age: heads 12-18 lines high, pedunculate, scattered, naked or nearly so at base: invo- lucre lightly arachnoid and glabrate; the bracts attenua'e, the outer into a weak small prickle; the inner or some of them with a scarious entire or sparingly lacerate tip: corollas ochroleucous, their lobes much shorter than the throat: pappus of coarse bristles, the strongest with conspicuously ——— a i ed ee CARDUUS COM POSIT 383 clavellate tips. Common on prairies Brit. Colum'ia to Californi«. + + None of the involucral bracts with fimbriate or scarious-dila- ted tips, but tapering into an almost innocuous weak and short prickle or soft point: leaves green both sides, mostly membranaceous, not decurrent on the stem. C. edulis Greene Proc. Philad. Acad. 1892, 368. Stems robust and somewhat succulent, 3-19 feet high, pubescent, leafy to the top: leaves ob- long or narrower, from slightly to deeply sinuate-pinnatifid, weakly prick- ly-ciliate: heads an inch h gh, scattered, or few in a cluster, usually bracte- ose at base: involucre conspicuously arachnoid-woolly when young, partly glabrate in age: corollas purple or whitish the lobes much shorter than the the throat, filiform in the dried state and capitellate-callous at the apex. Edge o‘ timbered lands, Alaska to California west of the Cascade Mountains. C. Hallii. Cnicus Hallii Gray. Glabrate and green: stems slender, 2-3 feet high leafy :leaves pinnatifid; the lobesan‘l teeth rather strongly prick- ly: heads solitary and pedunculate or 2-3 in a small terminal cluster, more or less bracteose-leafy at base: involucre sparingly arachnoid when young, soon glabrate, the attenuate tips of all but the outermost without rigid spines: corollas rose-purple to white; the lobes linear, plane, obtuse. Oregon to southern California and Utah. | * * * * Bracts of the involucre moderately unequal,or the lower not rarely about equalling the upper, most of them with more or. less herbaceous spinescent-tipped spreading upper portion and no glandu- lar dorsal ridge. C. occidentalis Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. vii, 418. Mostly stout, 2-12 feet high, very white with a thick coat of cottony wool: leaves from sinuate-dentate to pinnatifid, not very prickly: involucral bracts some- times narrow and herbaceous acerose from a little-dilated base, sometimes with broader more coriaceous base, or the outer with lanceolate-subulate tips: corollas bright red or crimson: style destitute of node. Dry hillsides, southwestern Oregon to California. * * * * * Bracts of the involucre regularly and chiefly appressed- imbricated in numerous ranks; the outer successively shorter; not herbaceous-tipped or appendaged. + Heads oblong or cylindraceous, showy: not at all glandular on the back ; inner ones all erect and purplish-tinged. C. Andersoni Greene |. c. Slender, rather lightly and loosely woolly: leaves lightly prickly, sinuate-pinnatifid, rather sparse: heads naked-pe- dunculate: involucral bracts comparatively loose and erect. all gradually attenuate from a narrow base: outermost tipped with small weak prickles: corollas bright pink-red, their slender lobes about equalling their throat: style prolonged above the very obscure node. Dry hills, southwestern Idaho to eastern California. ) : + + Heads broad, mostly large: involucre glabrous or earlv glab- rate, the light arachnoid wool caducous, its bracts rather large, ¢har- taceous or coriacedus, not at all glandular on the back: anther-tips narrow, very acute.’ C, Drummondii Coville Contr. Nat. Herb. iv, 142. Green and some- what villous-pubescent, or when young lightly arachnoid-woolly: either stemless and bearing sessile leads in a cluster on the crown, or caulescent and even 2-3 feet high, with solitary or several loosely disposed heads: leaves from sinuate or almost entire to pinnately parted, moderately pricklv: larger heads fully half-inch high: bracts of the involucre thin- coriaceous or chartaceous, mostly acuminate, weak-prickly, pointed or 384 COMPOSIT A CARDUUS | innocuous with more scarious and sometimes obviously dilated and erose- fimbriate tips: corollas white to rose-purple, with lobes usually shorter than the throat. From the Arctic sea-shore to California and the Rocky Mountains. C. foliosus Hook. Fl. i, 303. Stems-.erect, robust, striate, somewhat woolly, leafy to the cluster of a few sessile heads, 12-18 inches high: leaves commonly elongated, linear-lanceolate, laciniately dentate, with rather rigid prickles, arachnoid-tomentose beneath: heads broad, inch and a half high leafy-bracteose: involucral bracts thin-coriaceous: corollas pale or white, with lobes equalling or longer than the throat. Idaho to the Rocky Mountains. + + + Heads large or comparatively small: involucral bracts closely appressed, coriaceous or thickish, commonly with a glandular or viscid ridge, short line, or broad spot on the back near the summit. C. undulatus Nutt. Gen. ii, 130. Persistently white-tomentose, 1-4 feet high: leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, sessile or decurrent, or the lowest petioled, undulate, lobed or pinnatifid the lobes dentate, trian- gular, often very prickly: heads about 2 inches broad, nearly as high, soli- tary at the ends of the branches: principal bracts of the involucre mostly thickened on the back by the broad glandular-viscid ridge, comparatively narrow, tipped with short spreading. prickles: corollas rose color or pale purple to white, with lobes equalling or longer than their throats. Dry prairies, Brit. Columbia to Oregon, New Mexico and Lake Huron. Var. megacephalus Greene |. c. Stouter, usually broader-leaved ; with broad heads 2 inches or more high. Idaho to Minnesota and Texas. C. Brewcri Greene 1. c. 363. Usually white-tomentose, 4-10 feet high : leayes mostly elongated-lanceolate, conspicuously prickly : heads panicu- late, sometimes very numerous, subsessile, an inch or more high: bracts of the globular inyolucre much appressed, firm coriaceous, with an oblong or oval greenish viscid-glandular spot near the tip; outer ones ovate to oblong, abruptly tipped with a rather slender spreading prickle: corollas pale purple or whitish, the lobes shorter than the throat. Moist places, southern and eastern Oregon to California and Nevada. ' 90 SILYBUM Geertn. Fr. ii, 308. (Mick Taistie) Annual or biennial herbs with large alternate clasping sinuate- lobed or pinnatifid white-blotched leaves, and large discoid heads of purple tubular flowers, solitary at the ends of the branches. involucre broad, subglobose ; its bracts rigid, imbricated in many series, the lower ones fimbriate-spinulose at the broad triangular summit, the middle ones similar but armed with stout spreading or recurved spines; the inner ones lanceolate. Receptacle flat, densely bristly. Corollas with slender tube and deeply 5-c'eft limb. Filaments united below, glabrous. Anthers sagittat2 at base. Style nearly entire. Achenes obovate-oblong, compressed, glabrous, surmounted by a papillose ring. Pappus-bristles in several series, flattish, barbellate or scabrous. S. Marranum Gertn. |. c. 378. Stout, 2-4 feet high, little branched, glabrate or glabrous: leaves oblong-lanceolate, prickly, sinuate or pinnati- tid, the lower often a foot long, green blotched with white along the veins: heads about 244 inches broad: corollas rose-purple, deeply cleft: pappus- bristles white, barbellate. Waste places and road-sides, Brit. Columbia to California. Naturalized from Europe. ‘CENTAUREA COMPOSIT 4 ‘ $85 Subtribe i, Centauriexr DC. Prodr. vi. 557. Achenes more or less compressed or quadrangular. Heads globular or ovoid. Pap- pus of indefinite, few or many, bristles or narrow palex. 91 CENTAUREA L. Gen. n. 984, Perennial or annual herbs with alternate leaves and large or middlesized heads of tubular and various colored flowers. Invo- lucre ovoid or globose, its bracts imbricated in many series, ap- pressed, fimbrillate, or dentate. Receptacle flat, densely bristly. Marginal flowers usually neutral and larger than the central per- fect and fertile ones, or flowers all perfect in some species. Co- rolla-tube slender, the limb regular or oblique, 5-cleft or 5-lobed, the segments sometimes appearing like rays. Anthers sagittate at base. Style-branches short, somewhat connate, obtuse. Achenes compressed or obtusely 4-angled, usually smooth and shining, obliquely or laterally attached to the receptacle, sur- mounted by a disk with an elevated margin. Pappus of several series of bristles or scales, rarely none. * At least some of the involucral bracts armed with a rigid spine or prickle and also spinulose along its sides or base: cartilaginous ap- pendages of the anthers commonly elongated and connate. C. catcrrrapa L. Sp. 917. (Star THistuz). Low, much branched, — diffusely spreading, green, glabrate or hairy: leaves narrow, laciniate-pin- nat fid ; uppermost somewhat iuvolucrate-crowded at the base of the sessile heads: principal bracts of the involucre armed with a widely spreading very long and rigid spine which bears 2 or 3 spinules on each side at base: corollas purple or pinkish: pappus none. . Vancouver Island to California. Sparingly introduced from Europe. ; C. Mewitrensis L. 1. ¢.¥ Stems erect, 1-4 feet high, paniculately bran- ched, cinereous-pubescent, somewhat woolly when young: radical leaves lyrate pinnatifid; cauline{lanceolate or linear, mostly entire, narrowly decurrent on the branches: heads sessile or 1- or 2-leaved at base, prin- cipal bracts of the involucre bearing a slender spreading spine of about their own length, which is pectinately spinulose toward the base; inner- most with simply spinescent tips; outermost usually with the central spine reduced and the spinules palmate: corollas yellow: achenes lightly — costate: pappus of very unequal rigid bristles or squamelle, Rather com- mon in fields and waste places British Columbia to California and Arizona. Naturalized from Europe. + + Bracts of the involucre unarmed, most of them terminated by a scarious discolored fimbriate-ciliate or lacerate appendage. C. Cyanus L Sp. 911. (Frenca Pink, Buiur Borriz.) Slender branch- ing annual: stems 1-6 feet high, whitened when young with floccose wool: leaves linear, entire, or the lower toothed or pinnatifid: heads na- ked on slender peduncles: involucral bracts rather narrow, furnished with short scarious teeth: marginal flowers neutral, with much enlarged radiform blue or white varying to pink purple or brown corollas: pappus of unequal bristles about the length of the achene. Very commun in fields Brit. Columbia to California. Introduced from Europe. 92 ONICUS L. Sp. 826. (Burssep THISTLE.) Annual herbs with alternate sinuate or pinnatifid prickly. leaves, and large sessile heads of yellow tubular flowers solitary at the 386 COMPOSIT CNICUS ends of the branches subtended by the upper leaves. Bracts of the involucre imbricated in several series, the outer ovate. the inner lanceolate, tipped by a pinnately branched spine. Recep- tacle bristly. Achenes terete, striate, laterally attached, the horny margin 10-toothed at the summit. Pappus of 2 series of awns, the inner fimbriate. the outer longer, naked. C. Bpenepictus L. Sp. 826. Hirsute or pubescent: stems low and bran- ching: leaves prominently reticulated, sinuate-pinnatifid or laciniate-den- tate, the teeth or margins prickly ; lower attenuate at base ; upper narrowly oblong, partly clasping by a broad base: heads sessile, inch and a half high,equalled by the upper leaves: bracts of the involucre thin-coriaceous, in few ranks, all or most of them abruptly tipped with a spinescent and pectinately prickly spreading appendage: receptacle densely setose with long and soft capillary bristles: corollas light yellow. In fields southern Oregon to California and the Eastern States. Naturalized from Europe. Susporper Il LiGULIFLORZ DC. Prodr. vii 74. Flowers all ligulate and perfect, in a homogamous radiati- form head. Tribe ix, CICHORACEA! Juss. Gen. 168. Herbs (or rarely trees) almost always with milky bitter or acrid juice, alternate or all radical leaves and yellow pink blue or white flrwers in involuer- ate heads. Heads homogamous. the flowers all hermaphrodite and with ligulate corolla. Receptacle flat or flattish. Ligules usually 5-toothed at the truncate apex. Anthers sagittate-auriculate at base, not caudate: pollen-grains scabrous, dodecahedral, Style-branches filiform, minutely papillose, not appendaged but stigmatic lines ev- ident only toward the base. § 1 Pappus none. Receptacle naked. * Achenes with rounded or somewhat contracted apex and small areola, 93 Lapsana Heads paniculate: involucre erect: achenes obscurely striate. J § 2 Pappus paleaceous or partly so; or aristiform, or plumose, * Caulescent herbs with small or reduced leaves on the rigid stems or branches: receptacle not chaffy: flowers never yellow: achenes usually short with truncate summit, not rostrate. 94 Cichorium Flowers blue: pappus of numerous very short and blunt paleze in 2 or more series. 95 Ptiloria Flowers pink or rose-color: pappus a series of plumose bristles or rarely chaffy awns. * * Receptacle naked: achenes long-rostrate: pappus a series of long-plumose bristles or awns. ; 96 Tragopogon. Flowers yellow or purple: pappus a series of stout bristles somewhat united at base into a ring. * * * Involucre sparingly imbricated: receptacle with soft slender chaff among the flowers: achenes either truncate or the inner ones rostrate. —— CICHORIACE® COMPOSIT A 387 97 Hypocheris Flowers yellow: pappus a series of fine plumose bristles with or without some naked and shorter outer ones. + + + + Receptacle not chaffy: achenes either truncate at sum- mit or piled attenuate, yet with no distinct or prolonged beak: pappus o Gonad- or pointed scarious pales, or of awns or bristles with paleaceous base, or plumose. 98 Ptilocalais Perennial herbs with biennial fusiform and more or less branching and leafy stems: pappus of 15-20 white and soft plumose bristles with paleaceous base. 99 Microseris Annual or jerennial herbs with branching leafy stems: pappus of 4-10, usually 5 pales tapering into scabrous awns. 100 Scorzonella Glabrous perennials with leafy stems from fusiform roots: pappus of 5-10 bristles with small paleaceous base. 101 Uropappus Acaulescent or subcaulescent annuals: pappus of 5 svarious bidentate awn-tipped paleze. 102 Nothocalais Acaulescent perennials: pappus of 20-25 linear-lan- ceolate silvery-white palez in 2 or more series. § 3 Pappus of capillary bristles scabrous, rarely barbellate, never plumous nor rose-tinted: except in Rafinesquia. * Receptacle with or without some capillary bristles among the flowers. 103 Malacothrix Achenes terete: pappus soft and white, promptly de- ciduous, mostly together. * * Receptacle naked. + Achenes not flattened: pappus persistent, or the bristles tardily falling quite separately. ++ Beak of the achene none, ora mere attenuation. 104 Apargidium Heads solitary, terminating simple bractless scapes : achenes columnar, truncate, not tapering at either end: pappus brownish, of soft and rather fragile capillary bristles. 105 Hieracium Achenes oblong or columnar, mostly 10-ribbed or striate: pappus tawny, of rather rigid scabrous fragile bristles in a single series. 106 Crepis Achenes from columnar to fusiform, 10-20-costate: pappus white and soft, in 2 or more series. . 107 Nabalus Achenes terete or 4-5-angled, linear-oblong or cylindrical: pappus of copious rather rigid capillary bristles. 108 Lygodesmia Achenes terete, linear or slender-fusiform: pappus of copious and usually unequal capillary bristles. ++ +* Beak of the achene distinct, usually slender : heads always erect. 109 Agoseris Involucre more or less imbricated in more than 1 series: achenes 10-costate or 10-nerved. 110 Taraxacum Involucre of a single series: achenes 4- or 5-costate or angled and usually with some intervening nerves. 111 Rafinesquia Achenes terete, obscurely few-rit'bed: pappus of 10-15 slender softly long-plumose bristles, : + + Leafy-stemmed plants with more or less paniculate heads: achenes flattened: pappus of copious fine and soft capillary bristles. 388 COMPOSIT LAPSANA CICHORIUM 112 Lactuea Achenes with a beak or narrowed summit: pappus- bristles falling separately. : 113 Sonchus Achenes without beak or neck: pappus of very soft and fine bristles which fall more or less in connection, and commonly one or two stouter ones that fall separately. 98 LAPSANA L. Gen. n. 919 Erect paniculately branching annual herbs with alternate leaves and small heads of yellow flowers. Involucre nearly ey- lindric, its principal bracts nearly equal, and with a few exterior small ones at base: Receptacle flat, naked. Rays truncate 5- toothed at the apex. Anther sagittate at base. Style-branches slender. Achenes 20-30-nerved, somewhat flattened, with rounded apex and small areola. Pappus none. L. communis L. Sp. 811. Stems 1-4 feet high, paniculately branched, glabrous above more or less hispid-pubescent below: lower leaves ovate, repand-dentate, obtuse, thin, pubescent or glabrate, petioled, 2-4 inches long, often with 2-6 lobes on the petiole; the uppermost oblong or lanceo- late, sessile, acute, much smaller, mostly entire: heads very numerous, 3- 6 lines broad, loosely paniculate : involucre oblong-cylindric, 2-3 lines high of about 8 linear glaucous connate principal bracts and several very small outer ones Along road sides and moist places, Oregon and the Eastern | States. Naturalized from Europe. 94 CICHORIUM TOURN. L. Gen. n. 921. Erect branching herbs with alternate and radical leaves and large heads of blue, purple, pink or white flowers panicled or in sessile clustersalong the stem. Heads several to many-flowered. Involucre of 2 series of herbaceous bracts with coriaceous or in- durated base; the outer somewhat spreading; the inner sub- tending and partly enclosing the outer achenes. Receptacle flat, naked or slightly fimbrillate. Anthers sagittate at base. Style- branches slender, obtusish. Achenes somewhat angled; the broad summit bordered with a crown-like pappus of numerous short and blunt palese in 2 or more series. C. rntysus L. Sp. 813 (cHicory) Perennial from a long deep tap- root: stems 1-3 feet high, with stout, rigid branches, more or less hirsute, at least below : radical leaves spatulate in outline, runcinate-pinnatifid, 3-6 inches long, narrowed into long petioles; cauline oblong or lanceolate,com- monly dentate, those of the flowering branches mostly reduced and scale- like, subtending solitary or clustered sessile heads, or some heads raised on fistulous peduncles: flowers sky-blue, varying to purple or white, open only at night or in cloudy weather. Roadsides and waste places. 96 PTILORIA Raf. Atl. Journ. 145, 1832. STEPHANOMERIA Nutt. Smooth and glabrous herbs with branching or virgate often rigid or rush-like stems, small or scale-like leaves on the flower- ing branches, and usually paniculate small or middle-sized heads of.white to pink flowers that open only at night or on cloudy days. Heads 3-20-flowered. Involucre cylindraceous or oblong, of sev- eral appressed and equal plain bracts and some short calyculate ~ PTILORIA COMPOSIT A 389 TRAGOPOGON ones, not rarely with two or three of intermediate length. Recep- tacle quite naked. Achenes 5-angled or ribbed, sometimes with intermediate ribs. Pappus a series of plumose bristles or rarely chaffy awns, not rarely naked toward the base. P tennifolia Raf. Atl. Journ. 145, 1832. Stephanomeria minor Nutt. Perennial, 1-2 feet high, stems slender, branches ascending hearing nu- merous small heads of pink flowers in long loose racemes: radical leaves runcinate pinnatifid, those of the stem linear or filiform, entire, or some- times runcinate-dentate, the uppermost reduced to small scales : involucres narrow, usually 5-tlowered with about the same number of linear-lanceo- late scarious-margined bracts: pappus white, very plumose tothe base. Plains and mountains from British Columbia to California, Texas and Ne- . braska, P virgata Greene Pitt. ii, 180. Stephanomeria virgata Benth. Stems rigid, 1-4 feet high trom an annual root: lower leave: oblong or spatulate, often sinuate or pinnatifid; upper leaves linear, small and en- tire: heads 3-4 lines long, mostly subsessile or short-peduncled, spicately or thyrsoidly disposed along the naked upper part of the virgate stem or smaller branches, sometimes more loosely paniculate on open branchlets: inyOlucre 4-8 flowered: achenes subclavate or oblong, rugose-tuberculate between the narrow ribs: pappus moderately plumose to the base, white, not paleaceous-dilated. Oregon and California. P. paniculata Greene 1. c. 132. Stephanomeria paniculata Nutt. Stems erect from an annual root: a foot or two high, bearing numerous narrow 3-5 flowered heads in an elongated, narrow or more open panicle, or else more strictly disposed or virgate branches: leaves linear or the lower lanceolate: achenes subclavate or oblong, rugose tuberculate or ob- long, rugose-tuberculate between the narrow ribs: pappus grayish or fus- cous,its bristles short-plumose nearly or quite to the more or less paleaceous or squamelliferous base. Plains of Eastern Oregon and Idaho. P. exigua Greene]. c Stephanomeria exigua Nutt, Stems panicu- lately and often divergently branched with slender branches and branch- lets, 1-2 feet high: radical and lower cauline leaves pinnatifid or bipinna- tifid, those of the branches mainly reduced to short scales: heads scattered : involucre 4-5 lines high, usually 5-flowered : achenes thick-ribbed and tuber- culate-rugose when mature: bristles of the pappus 8-18, their more or less dilated-and paleaceous or thickened base commonly a little connate into 4 or 5 phalanges and often 1-2-setose on each side. Idaho to eastern Cali- fornia and Texas. 96 TRAGOPOGON L Gen. n. 905. Biennial or perennial somewhat succulent herbs with alternate, sessile and clasping leaves, and long-peduncled large heads of yel- low or purple flowers opening in the early morning, usually closed by noon. Involucre cylindric or narrowly campanulate, its bracts in one series, nearly equal, united at base. Rays truncate and 5-toothed at the apex. Anthers sagittate at base. Style- branches slender. Achenes linear, terete or 5-angled 5-10- ribbed, terminated by slender beaks, or the cutermost beakless. Pappus-bristles in one series, plumose, connate at the base, the plume-branches interwebbed. T. porrirotius L. Sp. 780. (Oyster Puant. Satsrry.) Stems erect, 2-7 feet high from a long fleshy tap-root: leaves entire, linear-lanceolate,long- 390 COMPOSITZ HYPOCHERIS PTILOOALAIS acuminate : peduncles very much thickened and hollow for 1-3 inches be- low the heads: Heads 2-4 inches broad, very showy: bracts of the in- volucre linear-lanceolate, acuminate usually much longer than the purple rays: achenes sometimes 2 inches long, the outer ones covered with scale- like tubercles especially on the ribs below. Escaped from cultivation. 97 HYPOCHCRIS. L- Gen. n. 918. Mostly perennial herbs with scape-like cften branching stems, chiefly radical leaves and large heads of yellow flowers. In- volucre campanulate of somewhat herbaceous marginless bracts imbricated in several series. Receptacle paleaceous with soft, narrow and scarious scales among the flowers, Anthers sagit- tate. Style-branches slender, obtusish. Achenes oblong or fusi- form, tapering upward at least the inner ones into a beak. Pap- pus a series of fine plumose bristles, with or without some naked and shorter outer ones. H: radicata L Sp 811. Stems several together from a perennial rvot, slender,1-2 feet high, branched or rarely simple,bearing a tew scales, leaves oblanceolate to obovate in outline, pinnatitid-lobed to dentate, 2-6 inches long, hirsute on both sides: involucre oblong-cylindric, about an inch high its bracts glabrous, or sparingly pubescent: achenes rough, all with very slender beaks longer than the body. In waste places, Western Washington to California. Naturalized from Europe. 98 PTILOCALAIS Greene Bull. Cal. Acad, ii, 59. | MICROSERIS § PTILOPHORA Gray. Glabrous herbs from fusiform biennial roots laciniately cut leaves and middlesized to large heads of yellow flowers. Heads nodding in bud, Involucre campanulate, its bracts imbri- cated in several series, the inner long-acuminate the outer succes- sively shorter and acute. Receptacle flat, foveolate. Achenes linear-columnar, of the same diameter from base to summit. Pappus bright white, soft, of 15-20 truncate or emarginate palexw terminating in a long, soft-plumose capillary bristle or awn and often with one or more short external merely scabrous bristle. P. nutans Greene 1. c. Microseris nutans Gray. Stem slender, 6-18 inches high: roots either fascicled or solitary: leaves from entire and spatulate-obovate to pinnately parted into narrow linear lobes: heads 8-20 flowered, slender-peduncled : involucre cylindraceous, of 8-10 linear-lanceo- late gradually acuminate principal bracts and a few short calyculate ones below, bristles of the pappus several times longer than the oblong pale. In open pine woods, British Columbia to California and Montana. P. major Greene 1]. c. Microseris major Gray. Stout, often more than 2 feet high: leaves oblong lanceolate, entire or sparingly laciniate involucre sometimes an inch high; its lanceolate bracts imbricated in 3 lengths. Idaho to Utah. 99 MICROSERIS Don Phil. Mag. xi. 388. Acaulescent glabrous annuals with entire or laciniately lobed or pinnatifid leaves and rather small nodding heads of yellow flowers on slender peduncles. Involucre oblong-cylindraceous to —— ie. MICROSERIS COMPOSIT A 391 SCORZONELLA hemispherical, inner bracts in one or two series, equal, thin,with membraneous margins outer, very short. Receptacle flat. Achenes terete, 8-10 costate, witha broad basal callosity whichis hollowed at the insertion and produced upward into a sharp denticulate scabrous collar-like rim. Palez of the pappus 4-10, usually 5, mostly short and tapering into a long or short scabrous awn. M. Douglasii Gray Proc. Am. Acad. ix 210. Stems slender, 3-24 inches high: leaves chiefly clustered at the base of the stem, linear to spatulate, entire or sprarinlgy laciniate, 1-5 inches long: involucre oblong of 4-10 oblong, obtuse principal bracts and 3-5 very short erose dentate calyculate ones at base: achenes oblong-turbinate, contracted under the summit, 3 lines long: pale of the pappus, ovate, 2 lines long, tapering abruptly into anawn. Southwestern Oregon to California. M. Bigelovii Gray |: c. Stems slender, 4-12 inches high: leaves lan- ceolate to linear in outline, entire to laciniately toothed or pinnately part- ed into linear lobes: involucre campanulate, of 8-10 lanceolate acute or acuminate principal bracts and several smaller obtuse or barely acute ones at their base: achenes oblong-turbinate, not contracted under the truncate summit, 2 lines long, outermost sometimes villous: palez of the pappus 5, oblong to lanceolate, gradually tapering to an awn twice or thrice their length. Along the coast, Oregon and California. 100 SCORZONELLA Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. vii, 426. MICROSERIS § SCORZONFLLA Gray. Glabrous perennial herbs with fusiform biennial roots, lacini- ately cut leaves and long-peduneled heads of yellow flowers that are nodding in bud. Involucre campanulate, its bracts herba- ceous, imbricated in several series, the inner long acuminate, the other shorter and acute. Receptacle flat or convex. foveolate or alveolate. Achenes linear or somewhat turbinate, 8-10-costate or striate, truncate at summit, the basal callosity acute and not ex- panded, areola lateral. Pappus 5 or 10 ovate or lanceolate pales tipped with a generally much longer, straight scabrous or barbel- lulate bristle or awn, ‘S. procera Greene Bull. Cal. Acad. ii, 50. Microseris procera Gray. Stems robust, 2-3 feet high: leaves chiefly oblong apiculateg-acuminate, dentate or entire, rarely laciniate-lobed; larger cauline 6-8 inches long, radical larger: involucre an inch or more high and broad, its bracts in 2 or 3 series, the outer ones ovate, the inner ones ovate-lanceolate; all acumi- nate: achenes nearly columnar 3 lines long, pappus of 10 brownish lanceo- late paleze with long. barbellate awns. Rather common in open places, Washington to California. S. pratensis Greene |. c. 51. Leafy at base only, the scapose pe- duncles 1-2 feet high: leaves linear-lanceolate, long-acuminate, entire,6-12 inches long: heads an inch high and nearly as broad, bracts of the inyolucre in 8 series, ovate to lanceolate, acuminate: pappus of 10 white or sorded narrowly lanceolate palee with long minutely plumose awns. Moist meadow lands near Ashland, Oregon, and Yreka, California S. laciniata Nutt. Trans.. Am. Phil Soc. vii, 426. Microseris laciniata Gray Glaucescent: stems rather stout, leafy and branching, 2-3 feet high: leaves laciniate pinnatifid into attenuate lobes, or sometimes entire; radi- cal 4-10 inches long: involucre an inch or less high, its bracts nearly all with dilated base and more or less abrupt acumination. Achenes columnar, 392 COMPOSITA octiurotemaies UROPAPPUS 2 lines long: paleae of the pappus deltoid or triangular-ovate, abruptly tipped witn an awn or bristle 8 or 9 times longer. Alluvial grounds, Brit- ish Columbia to Northern California. S. leptosepala Nutt. 1. c. Microseris leptosepala Gray \ Stems slen- der, a foot or so high: leaves from linear to lanceolate and from entire to attenuate-pinnatifid, all attenuate: heads comparatively small and few- flowered ; involucre 6-10 lines high, of 6-12 lanceolate acuminate principal bracts and a few small, ovate, abruptly acuminate ones at their base: achenes slender-columnar: paleae of the pappus ovate-lanceolate, or nar- rower, tapering gradually from the base: into an awnor4or 5 times as long. Moist ground, British Columbia to Califor nia. S. Bolanderi Greene 1. ¢ Microseris Bolanderi Gray. Stems slender, 1-2 feet bigh: leaves from narrowly linear-lanceolate to somewhat spatu- late, entire or with a few small salient linear lobes, 6-12 inches long: in- volucre 6-9 lines high, its bracts all gradually lanceolate-attenuate froma broadish base, or some small outermost abruptly acumina‘e: paleae of the pappus little exceeding the breadth of the achene, broadly ovate, mostly obtuse, tipped by the long slender awn. In swamps near the coast, Washington to Cali ornia. S. Howelli Greene |. c. Microsesis Howellii Gray. A foot or more high from a fusiform root slender bearing solitary or 2 or 3 heads: leaves elongated-linear and attenuate, some bearing a few attenuate reflexed lobes: involucre half-inch high, narrow, 15-20-flowered, its bracts all acu minate; the inner oblong-lanceolate, aud all nearly equal; the outer much shorter and mostly ovate achenes 3 lines long, narrower at base: pappus of 8 or 10 conspicuous and firm lanceolate palez 2-3 lines long, ti ped with a denticulate-scabrous awn of hardly greater length. Hillsides about Waldo. southeastern Oregon. 101 UROPAPPUS Nutt. 1. c. 425. MICROSERIS § CALAIS Gray. Subcaulescent annuals with laciniately lobed or pinnatifid leaves and erect heads of yellow flowers on long scape-like strict and erect peduncles which are thickened above. Involucre cam- panulate, its numerous bracts imbricated in 2 or more series, the outer successively shorter, all thin and scarious margined. Re- ceptacle flat, more or less alveolate-chaffy in the centre. Achenes terete, 8-10-costate, glabrous with scabrous costa, the basal ecall- osity not angled. Palez of the pappus 5, elongated, flat, hispid and short-awned at the apex. U. linearifolius Nutt. 1. c. Microseris linearifolia Gray. Scapes or peduncles 6-24 inches high: leaves linear, coarsely few-toothed or pinnati- fid, 2-6 inches Jong, more or less villous-pubescent when young: achenes black, slender, tapering above almost to a beak, 6-8 lines long: palez of the pappus silvery-white, linear oblong 4-8 lines long, deeply notched above and bearing slender awns barely half their length. Dry hillsides, Brit. Columbia to California and New Mexico. U. macrochetus Greene Pitt. iii, 137. Microseris macrochexta Gray. ‘* Scapes or peduncles sometimes 2 feet high: involucre narrow, 8-10 lines h gh, its bracts attenuate-acuminate : paleze of the pappus thin, small, cleft quite to the middle from the first, bearing a long and weak awn. South- west Idaho to California. ”’ —— NOTHOCALAIS COMPOSIT 2 393 MALACOTHRIX 102 NOTHOCALAIS Greene Bull. Cal. Acad. ii, 54. MICROSERIS § NOTHOCALAIS Gray. Acaulescent perennial herbs with linear leaves and middle- sized erect heads of yellow flowers. Involucre oblong-campanu- late; its bracts in two series, narrowly lanceolate, membranace- ous with somewhat thinner hyaline margins, nearly equal. Re- ceptacle flat, alveolate. Achenes fusiform, stipitate, contracted or rostrate-attenuate at summit, 10-costate. Pappus very white and soft, of 10-40 scabrous-margined narrow unequal pales with or without some capillary bristles. N. Suksdorfii Greene l. c.: More or less pubescent: scapes 4-10 inches high: leaves linear, attenuate nearly equalling the flowering scapes, all from the crown of a thick perennial root: bracts of the involucre lanceolate, long-attenuate, 6-12 lines long: achenes slender, 5-6 lines long, only half filled by the seed: palez of the pappus 10-12 narrow and nearly equal. Plains of Klickitat Co. Washington and adjacent Oregon. N. troximoides Greene 1 c. Microseris troximoides Gray. Scapose stems 6-12 inches high: leaves tufted on the crown of a thick perennial root, rather fleshy, narrowly linear-lanceolate, entire or undulate, 4-6 inches long: achenes fusiform, scarcely 4 lines long, its summit merely contracted, nearly filled bv the seed: palez of the pappus 20-24, lanceolate below, very unequal half-inch long. Plains and hillsides eastern Oregon and Washington to California and Idaho. N. cuspidata Greene l.c. Troximon cuspidatum Pursh. Scapes stout, shorter than or equalling the leaves: leaves linear, long-acuminate, thick, pubescent or glabrate, 4-8 inches Jong, 2-5 lines wide, somewhat condupli- cate, their margins wbite-tomentose and crisp, or entire: involucre usually quite glabrous, nearly 1 inch high: achenes slightly contracted at the sum- mit, about 3 lines long: pappus of 40-50 unequal palez and bristles. Dry soil, Idaho to Illin: is. 103 MALACOTHRIX DC. Prodr. vii, 192. Leafy-stemmed or sometimes scapose herbs with alternate or all radical leaves and long-peduncled, panicled or solitary, heads of yellow or white flowers that are usually nodding in the bud. Involucre many-flowered, its bracts either imbricated or only calyculate. Receptacle with or without delicate capillary brist- les ameng the flowers. Achenes not flattened, short-oblong or columnar, glabrous, terete and striately 5-15-costate, or 4—5-an- gled by the prominence of the stronger ribs, slightly if at all narrowed eithcr way with broad truncate apex having an entire or denticulate border or sharp edge. Pappus a series of soft and scabrous, or near the base barbellulate, bristles which are decid- uous more or less in connection, and commonly 1-8 outer and stouter ones which are more persistent and smoother. M. glabrata Gray Syn. Fl. i, pt. 2, 422. Subcaulescent annual: erect or with ascending branches from the base, these leafy, often again branch- ing and bearing a few lateral as well as terminal long-peduncled heads of yellow flowers: leaves once or twice laciniately pinnatifid into narrow linear or almost filiform lobes: involucre fuily half-inch high, glabrous, or the outer bracts sometimes canescent when young: achenes narrow, lightly 394 COMPOSIT4 APARGIDIUM HIERACIUM costate: outer pappus of 2 persistent bristles and between them some min- ute pointed teeth. Eastern Oregon to California and Arizona. M. Torreyi Gray Proc. Am. Acad. ix, 213. Stems 1-12 inches high irom: an annual root, branching from the base: lower leaves oblong, rather short, pinnatifid with short and dentate lobes, teeth and lobes callous- mucronate: heads seldom less than half-inch high, broadish-campanulate, short peduncled on the leafy branches: bracts of the involucre lanceolate, acuminate: achenes linear-oblong, 5-angled by as many salient often almost wing-like ribs, a much less prominent pair in each interval: outer pappus of 2-8 stout persistent bristles, between the thickish bases of which are minute teeth. Southeastern Oregon to Nevada and Utah. . 104 APARGIDIUM T. &G. FI. ii, 474. Low herbs with fusiform biennial roots, all radical leaves, and rather small heads of yellow flowers on. slender scapes. Heads many-flowered, nodding in bud, Involucre narrow-campanulate; its bracts strongly 1-nerved, in 2-3 series. Receptacle naked. Achenes columnar, truncate, smooth. Pappus brownish, of copi- ous rather rigid and fragile barbellate-denticulate capillary bris- tles, with some outer and smaller ones nearly smooth. A. boreale T. & G. 1. ¢. Scape solitary, slender, 6-12 inches high, bearing a single head: leaves linear-lanceolate, 3-6 inches long, attenuate at both ends, entire, or obscurely undulate: involucre 6-9 lines high; of 10-15 lanceolate acuminate principal bracts and about as many similar but smaller outer ones. Wet meadows in the high mountains, Alaska to California. 105 HIERACIUM Tourn. L. Gen. n. 913. Perennial herbs with alternate or all radical leaves and small to large erect heads of yellow, rarely white or red flowers in pan- icles or corymbs, or solitary. Involucre several- to many-flower- ed of narrow equal bracts and some short calyculate ones, or sometimes imbricated, not thickened at base nor with thickened midrib. Achenes oblong or columnar, smooth and glabrous, mostly 10-ribbed or striate, either terete or 4 or 5-angled, slightly contracted at the very base, commonly of the same tuickness to the truncate summit. Pappus of rather rigid scabrous fragile bristles, brown or brownish, rarely white and soft. § 1 ArcuigrRactum Fries. Heads corymbosely paniculate. Involucre of the comparatively large heads irregularly more or less imbricated. Achenes columnar. Pappus of numerous un- equal bristles, H. Canadense Michx. FI. ii, 86. Stems robust, 4-6 feet high: leaves from lanceolate to ovate-oblong, acute, sparsely and acutely dentate, or even laciniate, at least the upper partly clasping and broad or broadish at base: involucre usually pubescent when young, occasionally glandular, the narrow outermost bracts loose: pappus sorded. Dry open woods, Oregon and northward to Pennsylvania and Canada. § 2 StenotHEecA T.&G. Fl. 1, 476, Involucre a series of equal bracts and a few short calycula‘e ones, usually narrow HIERACIUM COMPOSITZ : 395 and few- to many-flowered. Achenes in a few species slender or tapering to the summit. Pappus of more or less scanty equal bristles. * Crinite-hirsute with long and whitish or yellowish shaggy hairs, especially on both sides of the entire leaves: flowers yellow: achenes columnar and short, not at all narrowed upward. H. longiberbe. Whole plant sparsely covered with long soft hairs’: stems usually slender and ascending or suberect, 6-18 inches long: leaves lanceolate, entire or sparingly dentate, 3-6 inches long: heads rather few, in an irregular panicle: involucre campanulate, 6 lines high, of 10-20 lan- ceolate acuminate principal bracts with smaller calyculate ones at their base, all densely clothed with long spreading hairs, not glandular. On cliffs along the Columbia river near the Cascades. ; H. Seouleri Hock. Fl. i, 198. Sparingly pubescent with long crisp hairs, pale and more or less glaucescent: stems 1-2 feet high, very leafy: leaves lanceolate, sessi e or the lowest short-petioled, 2-6 inches long : heads rather few, in a loose irregular panicle: involucre 6 lines high; its bracts linear-lanceolate, often acuminate. imbricated in 2 or 3 series, the outer successively shorter, all beset with long bristly hairs, and more or less glandular: pappus whitish. Brit. Columbia to Oregon and Montana. * * (Crinitely long-villous with soft-woolly and blackish smooth hairs above, wanting below: without stellate or glandular pubescence : flowers yellow: pappus fuscous. H. triste Cham. in herb. Willd. Stems simple, 4-12 inches high, few-leaved, bearing solitary or 2-4 racemosely disposed small heads: radical leaves obovate to spatulate, entire, green and glabrate, or with sparse pale hairs; cauline oblong, upper ones and stem more or less vill- ous-lanate: heads half-inch high, livid: involucre and peduncle densely clothed with long dark-brown or partly grayish soft wool. Aleutian Is- lands to northern Washington. * * * Dark-hirsute and somewhat glandular on theinvolucre: leaves and lower part of stems glabrous, or at most pubescent : flowers yellow. H. ‘gracile Hook. FI. i, 298. Pale green and more or less pubescent: stems tufted, slender, 2-18 inches high: leaves mostly in radical cluster, obovate to oblong-spatulate, 1-3 inches long, attenuate below to petioles, entire or repand-dentate: heads few to several, racemously disposed, the lower linear-bracteate: involucre about 4 lines high, its numerous linear bracts all nearly equal, beset with short black somewhat hispid hairs and also tomentose and glandular: achenes short-columnar: pappus al- most white. In open places on the highest peaks; Alaska to California and the Rocky Mountains. * * * * Not. crinite but at least the radical leaves and base ofthe stem sparsely or even thickly setose-hirsute with spreading hairs. + Flowers white: stems leafy, and in large plants loosely branching H. albiflorum Hook. |. c. Stems slender, 1-3 feet high. bearing few to numerous small heads in an open, simple or compound paniculate cyme: leayes oblong to broadly lanceolate, thin, 1-4 inches long; the upper sessile by a broad base, the lower tapering into slender petioles: involucre campanulate, 4-5 lines high, of several linear-lanceolate acute bracts, imbricated in 2 or 3 ranks, the outer successively shorter, glabrous or nearly so, not rarely with a few bristly hairs: achenes black, a line long. Common in dry wooded districts, Alaska to California and the Rocky Mountains. ) 396 COMPOSIT A HIERACIUM + + Stems more or less leafy: involucre 15-30-flowered, oblong- campanulate, of rather numerous narrow and acute or acutish bracts: flowers yellow: achenes not narrowed upward: pappus from sorded to dull white. H. cynoglossoides Arvet. Gray Proc. Am. Acad. xix, 68. More or less pubescent with somewhat hispid hairs, and the inflorescence glandu- lar: stems 1-2 feet high, numerous from the crown of a perennial root, leafy: leaves lanceolate, mostly acute, 2-6 inches long; the upper sessile by a narrow base; the lower narrowed to a winged petiole: heads few to several in an open corymbose cyme: involucre 6-8 lines high: its linear acute bracts and short peduncles rather densely hirsute with short black hairs as well as glandular: achenes rather short. In open woods British Columbia to California and the Rocky Mountains. H. amplum Greene Eryth. iii, 101. ‘‘Stoutish 2 or 3 feet high, amply leafy up to the rather broad corymbose panicle, but no radical tuft of foli- age : leaves oblong-spatulate, acutish, entire, 4-6 inches long hirsute along the margins, and with scattered appressed hairs on both faces: upper cau- line leaves and branches of the inflorescence pale and glaucescent, seem- ingly glabrous, but somewhat tomentose-puberulent under a lens: inyolu- cres about 5 lines high, loosely calyculate the subequal bracts dark with black setulose stout hairs ovuherwise glabrous: ligules yellow: achenes col- umnar or eyen slightly widening to the summit: pappus white. On hill- sides at 6000-7000 feet altitude Mount Adams, Washington, Suksdorf,’’ H. barbigerum Greene Pitt. iii, 228. Stems slender, tufted, from deep seated somewhat running rootstocks, 4-10 inches high, leafy only near the base: leaves somewhat crowded but not rosulate, lanceolate to spatalate, short petioles and leaf-margins hirsute with long spreading hairs which extend more sparsely to both sides of-the leaves and stem, the lower faces of the leaves also tomentulose with branched hairs: heads 1-5, in a loose cyme: involucre campanulate. about 6 lines high its linear bracts hirsute and tomentulose like the leaves with also a few dark setulose hairs: pap- pus nearly white. Ongrassy slopes of Ashland Butte, Oregon, to Lassen . county, California. H. cinereum. Cinereous with a minute white scurfy tomentum: stems rather stout, 6-10 inches high, from stout creeping rootstocks form- ing large patches leafy only toward the base: leaves lanceolate or narrow- er, acute or acuminate, 3-4 inches long, sparsely denticulate narrowed be- low to broad winged petioles; sparsely hirsute with crisp hairs: heads sey- eral to numerous in a close corymbose paniculate-cyme: involucre 5-6 lines high, its linear principal bracts with broad scarious margins, the outer and shorter ones subulate all sparsely or not at all hirsute: pappus sor- ded. In open places near Table Rock, Clackamas county, Oregon. ++ ++ ++ Leaves all at the base of the loosely branching scape-like stem : flowers yellow only 5-15 in the narrow and diffusely paniculate heads: achenes slightly if at all tapering to the summit. H. Bolanderi Gray Proc. Am. Acad. yii, 265. Stem slender, 6-18 inches high, commonly solitary, glabrous: leaves nearly allin a radical tuft, ovate to broadly lanceolate mostly obtuse, sparingly denticulate or entire 2-8 inches long, tapering below to a winged petiole, pale and glau- cous below, green and beset with bristles above: heads few to several in a loose paniculate cyme: involucre narrow, 5-lines high, glabrous of 5-10 linear-lanceolate, very acute principal bracts and a few smaller ones at their base: achenes fully as long as the pappus. H. Howellii Gray Bot. Gaz. xiii, 73. Stems 1-2 feet high, hoary with close stellular pubescence, hirsute below: leaves spatulate to oblanceolate entire or some of them sparingly dentate, 3-4 inches long, obtuse, tapering a — Ie wae ee | CREPIS COMPOSIT 397 below to short petioles, or the cauline sessile, villous-crinite and tomen- tose-canescent both sides: heads rather numerous, in an open panicle few- flowered : involucre about 5 lines high cylindrical of 6-8 linear-lanceolate obtuse principal bracts and a few shorter ones at their base, all hoary with close stellular pubescence, without any setose bristles: pappus white when young. Open Rocky ridges, Mooney Mountain, Josephine county, Oregon. 106 CREPIS L. Gen. n. 9. 14. Perennial or annual herbs with alternate or all radical mostly toothed or pinnatifid leaves and small or middle-sized heads of yellow flowers. Involucre few- to many-flowered, cylindric, cam- panulate, or swollen at base, its principal bracts in one series, equal, with a number of exterior smaller ones. Receptacle mostly flat, naked or short-fimbrillate. Achenes from columnar to fusi- form, 10-20-ribbed or nerved, not transversely rugose, narrowed at the base and apex. Pappus of copious white and usually soft capillary bristles. * Bracts of theinvolucre thickening and becoming more or less rigid at base in age: achenes beakless or nearly so. C. virens L. Sp. ed. 2, 1134. Glabrous annual; stems leafy 1-2 feet high corymbosely branched above: radical leaves spatulate to lanceolate, from dentate to laciniate pinnatifid, 2-8 inches long, narrowed below to petioles: cauline smaller and narrower, clasping by a sagittate base the upper usnally very small and entire: heads numerous, slender-peduncled : involucre 4-5 lines high, oblong, more or less pubescent or glandular, its principal bracts lanceolate, the outer mostly appressed achenes oblong, 10-striate, smooth slightly contracted at both ends. In fields and waste places, British Columbia to California. Naturalized from Europe. * * Perennials: achenes beakless or short-beaked. C. nana Richards, App. Franklin Journ. ed. 2, 62. Glaucescent and wholly glabrous: low and depressed, forming tufts and bearing numerous clustered and narrow short peduncled heads: leaves chiefly radical, ob- ovate to spatulate, entire, repand-dentate or lyrate, commonly equalling the clustered scapes or stems: involucre cylindrical 8-14 flowered, of 8-10 smooth and narrowly linear obtuse bracts in a single series and 3 or 4short calyculate ones at base: achenes linear, unequally costate, obscurely con- tracted under the moderately dilated pappiferous disk. Alaska to the Wallowa Mountains of Oregon and to California. C. runcinata T. € G. FI. ii, 488, Slightly if at all glaucous: stems scape-like, 1-3 feet high, paniculately brancbed above: radical leaves ob- ovate-oblong to oblong-lanceolate, 2-6 inches long, from repand-dentate to runc nate-pinnatifid, with short lobes or teeth; cauline none or small and narrow at the forks: involucre half-inch high or less, pubescent, often hir- sute, sometimes glandular-hispidulous: achenes narrowly oblong, moder- ately narrowed upward, somewhat evenly 10-costate. In moist soil, south- eastern Oregon to Manitoba and Iowa. Var. hispidulosa. whole plant hispidulous and glandular. Moist places, southeastern Oregon. C. Andersoni Gray Proc. Am. Acad. vi, 436. ‘* Not glaucous, a foot or more high: leaves laciniately pinnatifid or dentate, but not runcinate: involucre half to three-fourths inch high, cinereous-pubescent, of broader and firmer bracts, more imbricated, outermost oblong: to ovate-lanceolate : achenes fusiform, usually 8-10-costate, tapering into a short but manifest beak. ’’ Eastern Oregon to Nevada and eastern California. 398 COMPOSIT A CREPIS C. platyphylla Greene Pitt. iii, 27. ‘‘ Related to C. runcinata, simi- larly acaulescent, the corymbosely panicled stout’ scape 12 to 18 inches high, rather strongly hispid and somewhat glandular: leaves depressed or as- cending, oval and oblong to spatulate-oblong, subsessile or short petioled, mostly 4 to 6 inches long, often 3 in breadth, obtuse, coarsely and remotely, often somewhat runcinately toothed, green and glabrous ahove: involucre 4 or 5 lines high, very hispid, slightly glandular: achenes dark brown, ob- long-fusiform, slightly contracted toward the summit, sharply 10-ribbed. Moist mountain meadows of southern Idaho and northern Utah.”’ C. subcarnosa Greene |. c. 107. ‘‘ Stout and low, more or less pubes- cent, slightly succulent, the scape about a foot high, bearing at summit few and long-peduncled heads: leaves of spatulate- oblanceolate outline, obtuse or acutish, saliently but not runcinately toothed: peduncles and involucre glandular-hispid: slender-fusiform achenes tapering ; pappus fine fragile. Meadows along the Humboldt River at Deeth and elsewhere in eastern Nevada, thence northward to southern Idaho.”’ C. acuminata Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. soc. vii, 437. Minutely cinere- ous-pubescent below, but green: stems slender, 1-3 feet high, 1-3-leaved, bearing a fastigiate or corymbiform cyme of numerous small heads: leaves elongated, peut peer oblong-lanceolate in outline, laciniate-pinnati- fid, tapering to both ends, the apex usually into a lanceolate or linear pro- longation : involucre narrow-cylindraceous, 4-6 lines long, rarely more than 6-flowered, of 5-8 principal bracts, glabrous, or the few minute bractlets tomentulose: mature achenes fusiform, considerably longer than the pa pus, lightly striate-costate moderately attenuate at summit. Dry ground, eastern Oregon to California, Utah and Montana. C. intermedia Gray Syn. Fl. i pt 2, 432. Cinereous-puberulent: stems 1-2 feet high, 1-3-leaved, terminating in a rather few-flowered corymb or paniculate cyme: leaves elongated, slender-petioled, oblong-lanceolate in outline, laciniate-pinnatifid, tapering to both ends, involucre half-inch or more high, canescently puberulent ; its bracts in age carinate by thickening of the midrib: achenes acutely 10-costate when mature, oblong-fusiform, slightly attenuate upward, longer than or equalling the pappus. Eastern Washington and Brit. Columbia to California and the Rocky Mauntains. C. occidentalis Nutt. Journ. Acad. Philad. vii, 29. Canescent with a close scurfy tomentum ; stems usually 4-18 inches high, solitary or 2 or 3 from a single caudex, corymbosely branched above, rarely from near the base, often with glandular bristly hairs above: leaves from runcinately toothed to deeply pinnatifid, or somewhat bipinnatifid; the lower and rad- ical 4-10 inches lone: narrowed into petioles; the upper sessile and slightly clasping: heads few to several, corymbosely panicled: involucre 6-8 lines high, cylindraceous, its principal bracts linear and acute, with several small ovate to subulate calyculate ones at their base, all canescent with close minute tomentum, and often with a few short bristles: achenes fusi- form, truncate at the apex, 10-18-costate. On dry plains and hillsides, Brit. Columbia to California and Colorado. East of the Cascade Mountains. C. monticola Coville Cont. Nat. Herb. iii, 562. Crinitely pubescent with long brownish glanduliferous hairs: stems stout, usually solitary, freely branching, 6-12 inches high: leaves oblong to broadly lanceolate in outline, 2-4 inches long, acute, narrowed below to short petioles or narrow sessile base; sometimes with merely dentate margins, sometimes deeply pinnatifid with toothed or even pinnatifid lobes: involucre 8-10 lines high, narrow-campanulate ; its principal bracts narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, nearly or quite equalling the ligules. Dry hillsides, southern Oregon to California. C. séopulorum Coville 1. c. 563, Scantily tomentose, usually glabrate ti i CREPIS COMPOSIT ZA 399 NABALUS in age, and bearing toward the base scattered eglandulose bristles: stems rather slender, 10-20 inches high, solitary or rarely 2 from the same cau- dex, bearing 1-5 heads leaves broadly lanceolate in outline, 4-6 inches long, pinnately or bipinnately divided into linéar-lanceolate lobes: peduncles slender, usually thickened just below the heads: involucre 6-8 lines high; its bracts linear-lanceolate and barely acute, or the shorter ones acuminate: achenes 4-6 lines long, fusiform, truncate at the apex, not costate, but sometimes obscurely striate. Dry hillsides, eastern Oregon and Washing- ton to Montana, Utah and Nevada. ) C. rostrata Coville 1. c. 564. Sparingly hirsute with glandless hairs, and more or less tomentose: stems 4-15 inches high, 1-3 from each caudex, striate-angled, bearing 1-3 heads: leaves oblong to broadly lanceolate in outline, 4-6 inches long, pinnately parted into linear-lanceolate entire or toothed lobes: involucre 6-8 lines high, more or less densely clothed with long glandless white hairs: achenes 4-5 lines long, not costate. the upper part contracted into a distinct beak 1-2 lines long. Rocky hillsides, eas- tern Oregon and Washington to Brit. Columbia. C. barbigera Leiberg, Coville 1. c. 565. Slightly tomentose with a minute somewhat flocculent tomentum, not at all hirsute: stems several from the crown of a thick perennial root, 1-2 feet high, sparingly leafy and bearing an ample corymbose cyme of rather small heads: leaves broadly lanceolate in outline, 4-10 inches long, runcinately toothed or deeply cut into linear-lanceolate lobes: involucre 5-7 lines high, of linear, mostly ob- tuse principal bracts and a few very small ovate or lanceolate acute ones at base, all canescent-tomentose and more or less bristly with setaceous white bristles. Dry ridges and rocky banks, eastern Oregon and Washington. 107 NABALUS Cass. Dict. Nat. xxxiv, 94. _ Leafy-stemmed perennial herbs with alternate dentate or pin- natifid leaves, and usually numerous small mostly nodding heads of white yellowish or purplish flowers. Involucre 5-30-flowered. cylindric, usually narrow, unchanged in age, of 1 or 2 series of equal bracts and a few calyculate ones at their base. Receptacle flat, naked. Achenes terete or 4—5-angled, usually striate, some- times striately pluricostate, truncate at summit. Pappus of copious rather rigid capillary bristles. N. alatus Hook. Fl. i, 294, t. 102. Prenanthes alata ia & Glabrous or nearly so: stems 1-2 feet high, the larger plants branching: leaves hastate-deltoid, acute or acuminate, sharply and irregularly dentate, ab- ruptly contracted or some of the upper cuneately decurrent into a winged etiole, or small uppermost narrow and sessile by a tapering hase: heads oosely and somewhat corymbosely panicled: involucre campanulate-ob- long, of 8-10 often livid bracts, nearly or quite destitute of scarious mar- gins, imperfectlv calyculate by 2 or 3 loose linear accessory ones, 5-15- flowered: corollas purp'ish: achenes slender, 3-4 lines long, at least sometimes with tapering summit. On moist cliffs, Alaska to Oregon. 108 LYGODESMIA Don Edinb. Phil. Journ. vi, 305. Smooth herbs with usually rush-like rigid or tough stems, linear or scale-like leaves and terminal or scattered erect heads of pink or rose-colored flowers. Heads 3-12-flowered. Involucre cylindric, its principal bracts 5-8, linear, scarious-margined, equal, slightly united at the base, with several very short outer ones. Receptacle flat, naked. Achenes terete, obscurely striate 400 : COMPOSIT 4 LYGODESMIA AGOSERIS or angled, usually linear or slender-fusiform. Pappus of copious and usually unequal soft or somewhat rigid bristles, from white to brownish. | | L. juncea Don 1|.c. Perennial by a thick woody root: stems stiff, much branched, 8-18 inches high, striate-angled, not spinescent: lower leaves lanceolate, rigid, entire, acute or acuminate, 4-2 inches long; the upper similar but smaller, or reduced to subulate scales: heads mostly 5-flowered, solitary at the ends of the branches: involucre about half-inch high, its bracts usually gland-tipped : achenes narrowly columnar or shortly tapering to the summit: pappus light brown. Dry plains, eastern Idaho to Nevada and Minnesota. L. spinosa Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. vii, 444. Stems slender and rigid, low, much branched from an indurated and matted-woolly peren- nial base, otherwise glabrous: branchlets divergent, spinescent, bearing minute scales in place of leaves, and lateral very short-peduncled heads: lower cauline leaves linear, entire, thickish, above soon reduced to scales: involucre 3-5-flowered; its principal bracts not more numerous, rather loose, lanceolate; the unequal and more imbricated calyculate ones com- paratively broad and large: achenes much shorter than the pappus, not at all narrowel upward, 4-5-costate: pappus white, of unequal bristles. Gravelly hills and plains, eastern Oregon to California, Nevada and Idaho. 109 AGOSERIS Raf. Fl. Loudv. 58. TROXIMON Nuttall, not of Gertner. Acaulescent perennial or annual herbs with clustered radical leaves and mostly large heads of yellow flowers on simple scapes. Invodluere campanulate or cylindraceous, the bracts mostly lan- ceolate, imbricated in few series, the outer loose and often some- what foliaceous. Receptacle flat, naked. Achenes oblong or linear, terete, 10-ribbed, the apex contracted into a neck or pro- longed into a beak, the broad base or basal callus to a narrow base more or less hollowed at the insertion. Pappus of copious white or whitish merely scabrous capillary bristles, which are either persistent on or separately deciduous from the dilated terminal areola. § 1 Achenes more or less linear, beakless, or tapering gradually into a beak on which the nerves or ribs of the body are produced to the apex: acaulescent perennials. * No beak to the achene, its moderately short continued summit of the same texture as the body and equally 10-costate: involucral bracts somewhat equal, all tapering to a slender acumination: the outer from an eblong or ovate-lanceolate base, glabrous: pappus rigidulous. A. alpestris Greene Pitt. ii, 177. Troximon alpestre Gray. Glabrous : rootstock or caudex elongated; leaves narrowly spatulate or lanceolate, pin- nately lobed or incised, or parted into narrow linear divisions; scapes 2-3 inches high, weak: involucre campanulate, 7-8 lines high, the bracts in about 2 series: achenes 2-3 lines long, equalled by the slender pappus-pbristles. In the Cascade Mountains of Oregon and Washington. * * Achenes with apex tapering gradually into a rather stout and nerved beak which is shorter than the body A. barbellulata Greene l. c. Troximon barbellulatum Greene. Not “AGOSERIS COMPOSIT A 401 glaucous: scapes slender, 1-3 inches high: linear-lanceolate, laciniate-pin- natifid into a few short and narrow lobes, or some entire: involucre narrow, over half-inch high, rather few-flowered; its 10 or 12 bracts nearly equal, lan- ceolately acuminate, glabrous: flowers yellow: achenes 3 lines long, about the length of the soft distinctly barbellulate pappus. Grassy slopes, high moun- tains of southern Oregon and northern California, A. tomentosa. More or less tomentose up to the involucre: scapes rather stout, 4-10 inches high: leaves lanceolate to linear in outline, irregu- larly and often retrorsely lobed or toothed, or some of the inner ones entire, acute, or acuminate, attenuate below to a short winged petiole, nearly as long as the scapes: involucre campanulate, 8-9 lines high, of rather numerous imbricated, lanceolate acuminate scarious-margined mostly glabrous bracts: achenes fusiform, short-beaked, much shorter than the brownish pappus. On grassy slopes, Stein Mountain southeastern Oregon. A. parviflora Greene |. c. Troximon parviflorum Nutt. Glabrous throughout: scapes slender, much longer than the leaves 5-15 inches high: leaves narrowly linear, acuminate, entire, 3-8 inches long: 1-3 lines wide: heads an inch broad or less: involucre oblong-ovoid, becoming nearly hemi- spheric in fruit, 6-8 lines high; its bracts lanceolate and acuminate: achenes conspicuously beaked, about 4 lines long: pappus of numerous unequal very slender bristles. Plains, Idaho to Manitoba, Nebraska and New Mexico, § 2 Achenes with a slender and mostly filiform nerveless beak and soft pappus: acaulescent perennials. * Achenes acute or tapering at summit into a beak but little if at all longer than the cylindraceous or narrowly fusiform body. A. aurantiaca,Greene 1 c. Troximon aurantiacum Hook. Nearly glabrous, deep green and not at all glaucous: leaves oblanceolate, obtuse, entire, narrowed toa slender petiole: involucre 7-9 lines high: its bracts from broadly to narrowly lanceolate, acute, or the outer and looser ones ob- long and obtuse: flowers orange, drying brownish or purple achenes thickish, tapering gradually to a short stout beak. High mountain prairies, Oregon to Alaska and the Rocky Mountains. A. purpurea Greene l.c. Sparsely lanate when young, in age glab- rate, more or less glaucous: scapes 6-20 inches high, enlarged and tomentose at the summit: leaves from linear to lanceolate saliently or often runcinately toothed or lobed: bracts of the involucre moderately well imbricated, 4-12 lines long, lanceolate and long-acuminate, or the outer ones oblong and ob- tuse: corollas deep saffron-color, drying purple: achenes black, fusiform, with a slender beak about as long as the body: pappus white. Mountain meadows, Oregon and Washington to the Rocky Mountains. A. gracilenta Greene l.c. Troaimon gracilens Gray Scapes slender, 10-18 inches high: leaves mostly entire, from lanceolate to nearly linear, or some narrowly spatulate: involucral bracts narrow: corollas deep orange: achenes fusiforin-linear, 3-4 lines long; the very slender beak as long or longer: pappus soft but not flaccid, In the Cascade Mountains of Oregon and Washington to Wyoming. A. elata Greene l.c, Zroxrimon Nuttallii Gray. Robust; scapes 6-20 inches high: leaves thickish, ftom lanceolate to spatulate, and frum spar- ingly dentate to pinnatifid, 6-12 inches long, glaucous: heads an inch or more high and broad: involucral bracts lanceolate, acute, more or less pubescent: corollas yellow: achene thickish, 3 lines long, with a beak as long or longer. Moist ground, eastern Oregon to California and Utah. 402 COMPOSIT 4 | AGOSERIS. A. apargioides Greene |. c. Troximon apargioides Less.’ Low and tufted from a multicipital caudex, glabrate: leaves spatulate, obtuse. 2-3 inches long, narrowed below to a slender petiole, entire or with a few salient teeth or lobes, or pinnatifid with sparse linear divisions: scapes 6-12 inches high: heads half-inch high: involucre campanulate; the inner bracts linear-lanceolate, the outer oblong, acute. more or less tomentose: achenes and beak each about 2 lines long: pappus soft, dull-white. Sandy soil along the coast of Oregon and California. * * Achenes oblong or short-fusiform, with a filiform or almost capillary beak 2—4 times as long: pappus soft and fine: flowers all yellow. + Pappus about as long as the beak, A. hirsuta Greene l. c, Troximon humile Gray. Scapes 8-20 inches high, slender: leaves hirsutely pubescent, from lanceolate to spatulate in out- line, and from repand-dentate or lyrate-pinnatifid to pinnately parted into linear lobes; invulucre permanently villous: flowers exserted: filiform beak only about twice as long as the whitish achene. Near the coast. Washington to California. + + Pappus white, much shorter than the almost filiform beak. A. laciniata Greene l. c. Troximon laciniatum Gray. Smooth and glabrous or with sparse soft pubescence: scapes 1-2 feet high: leaves elonga- ted-lanceolate, laciniate-dentate or commonly deeply pinnatifid with linear lobes: involucre glabrous or glabrate, or the base of the outer of the lanceo- late bracts tomentose: achenes 2, and beak 5-7 lineslong. In low ground, Vancouver Island to California. A. grandiflora Greene 1. c. 178. Troximon grandiflorum Gray. Scapes stout, 1-2 feet high: leaves hirsutely or cinereous-pubescent, or glabr- ate: spatulate to lanceolate, sinuate-dentate to laciniate-pinnatifid or even pinnately parted: involucre broad, usually well imbricated: its bracts lanate or tomentose when young, often glabrate in age: heads in fruit 1-14% inch high: achenes 2, and capillary beak 6-8 lines long. Plains and moist hill- sides, Washington to California. A. retrorsa Greene l. c. Troximon retrorsum Gray. Villous-tomen- tose when young:, scapes stout, 12-18 inches high: leaves pinnately parted into linear-lanceolate usually retrorse lobes, the terminal lobe long and nar- row; all callous-tipped: involucre narrowly oblong, 144-2 inches high when mature; its linear-lanceolate bracts hardly surpassed by the soft white pap- pus: ligules short: achenes 3 lines long: abruptly contracted at summit; their filiform beaks 10-12 lines long. Open pine woods. southern Oregon to California and southern Idaho. § 8 Achenes fusiform, with filiform nerveless beak and soft pappus: subcaulescent annuals with yellow flowers. A. heterophylla Greene l.c. Troximon heterophyllum Greene. Some- what villous, or hirsutely pubescent or glabrate: scape-like peduncle 3-12 inches high: leaves from spatulate to linear-lanceolate, denticulate to pin- natifid: involucre oblong-campanulate, 6-9 lines high; its bracts erect, lan- ceolate or norrower; the outer decidedly shorter than the glabrous inner ones, more or less pubescent but not villous: achenes various, but at most only 2 ' lines long, usually fusiform; beak 3-4 lines long, mostly longer than the white or whitish pappus. Open places, Brit. Columbia to California. Var. glabra. Glabrous throughout and more or less glaucous: small, 2-4 inches high. Hillsides near the Columbia river, eastern Oregon and Washington. 4 vRARACUM COMPOSITE 403 LACTUCA 110 TARAXACUM Haller Stirp. Helv. i, 23. Acaulescent perennial herbs with rosulate leaves, naked scapes that elongate in fruit, and mostly large heads of yellow flowers. Heads many-flowered, usually solitary at the summit of the sim- . ple hollow scapes. Involucrea single series of nearly equal narrow bracts that are slightly united at base, and several or numerous calyculate ones. Receptacle flat, naked. Achenes oblong-ovate or fusiform, 4-5-costate or angled, and usually with some inter- vening nerves, muricate or spinulose, at least near the summit which is abruptly contracted into a cya ten beak. Pappus soft and capillary, dull white. T. orricINALE Webber Prim.Pl. Holst. 56. Scapes and leaves from the crown of a thick vertical root: leaves from spatulate-oblong to lanceolate in outline, and from irregularly dentate to runcinate pinnatifid, 3-10 inches long: bracts of the involucre linear-lanceolate, not glaucous, the outer re- flexed, all acute: achenes greenish-brown, fusiform, squamulose toward the summit, abruptly contracted into a conical apex which is prolonged into a filiform beak 2 or 3 times as long as the achene. Common in fields and waste places. Naturalized from Europe. 111 RAFINESQUIA Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. vii, 429. Leafy-stemmed annuals with pinnatifid leaves and rather large heads of white or flesh-colored flowers terminating the paniculate branches.. Heads 15-30-flowered. Involucre conical or cylind- raceous, of 7-15 equal linear attenuate principal bracts and some loose calyculate ones. Receptacle flat and naked Achenes terete, somewhat fusiform, obscurely few-ribbed, attenuate into a slender beak, the broad base hollowed but not callous-thickened at the insertion. Pappus of 10-15 capillary bristles, softly long-plum- ose from the base to near the tip. R. Californica Nutt. 1. c. Glabrous throughout: stem stout, much branched, 2-3 feet high: leaves oblong; the lower 4-6 inches long; the up- per gradually reduced to’small bracts: involucre becoming thick at base and more or less conical; its rather numerous calyculate bracts subulate and spreading: ligules short, white: achenes tapering into a very slender beak as long as the body: pappus dull white, the bristles fine and soft. Shady ground, eastern Oregon to California. 112 LACTUCA Tourn. Inst. t. 267. L. Gen. n. 909. Tall herbs with alternate leav2s and small panicled heads of yellow white or blue flowers. Involucre cylindric, several to many-flowered, either calyculate or more regularly imbricated. Receptacle flat, naked. Achenes flat, 3-5-ribbed on each face, narrowed above, or contracted into a narrow beak, which is more or less expanded at the summit into a small disk that hears the copious white or brownish pappus bristles which fall separately. § 1 Scartota DC. Prodr. vii, 188. Achenes very flat, orbic- ular to oblong. abruptly produced into a filiform beak which bears the soft white pappus on its dilated apex. 404 COMPOSITA LACTUCA £ ONCHUS L. scarroua, L. Sp. ed. 2 1119. Biennial: glabrous throughout or hir- sute at the base; green and glaucous: stem stout, 2-7 feet high, leafy, usu- ally paniculately branched: leaves lanceolate to oblong, with spinulose- denticulate margins, sometimes sinuate.toothed or pinnatifid, sessile or auriculate-clasping, midrib below beset with weak prickles: heads small, 6-12-flowered, very numerous, in an — panicle: corollas pale yellow: achenes obovate-oblong, several-nerved, margined, about as long as the filiform beak. Becoming comuion in fields and waste places. Introduced from Europe. L. sativa The common Letruce is common along the Rail Road in the southern part of Oregon but is hardly naturalized. L. Canadensis L. Sp. ii, 796. Biennial or annual; glabrous and glaucescent: stem strict, 4-12 feet high, very leafy up to the elongated narrow panicle: leaves mostly sinuate-pinnatifid, 6-12 inches long, with margins entire or sparingly dentate, and midrib naked or rarely some sparse bristles, most of the cauline partly clasping by a sagittate or auricu- late base: involucre half-inch or less high, 12-20-flowered: flowers yellow. achenes blackish, obscurely scabrous-rugulose, lightly 1-neryed on the middle of each face, broadly oval, with distinct thin margins, rather long- er than the beak: pappus white. Moist woods, Oregon and Washington to the Eastern States. : L. sagittifolia Ell. Bot 8S. C. & Ga ii, 253. Glabrous; 3-6 feet high, leafy nearly to the usually loosely paniculate inflorescence: leaves oblong to lanceolate, 3-10 inches long, acute or acuminate, entire or denticulate, the lower sometimes pinnatifid, whitish beneath, midrib naked : involucre 5-7 lines high: flowers pale yellow or purplish : achenes oval, thin-margined longer than the beak. Open ground, Idaho to the Eastern States. § 2 Lacrucastrum Gray Syn. Fl. i, pt, 2, 448. Root perennial. Involucre well imbricated. Achenes lanceolate-oblong, flat, not margined, tapering into a beak not longer than the breadth of the body. 3 L. pulehella DC. Prodr. vii, 134. Very glabrous: stems 1-5 feet high. leafy up to the open corymbiform panicle: leaves from linear-lanceolate to narrowly oblong, entire or runcinate-dentate, or some lower ones pinnati- fid ; cauline sessile but not auriculate at base: branches of the loose panicle scaly : involucre 8 lines high, 12—-15-flowered, its outer bracts ovate-lanceo- late: flowers bright blue or violet-purple: achenes barely 2 lines long, striate-nerved, the tip of the short beak soft and usually whitish. Alluvial ground, Oregon to Brit, Columbia, Hudson Bay and Michigan. | § 8 Muteepium Gray l.c. Biennial or perennial herbs with usually bluish flowers, Achenes thickish, oblong, with some strong ribs and nerves: contracted at summit into a short stout beak, or into a mere neck under the dilated apex. L. spicata Hitche. L. leucophea Gray. Stem usually stout, 3-12 feet high, leafy up to the panicle: leaves 3-12 inches long by 2-6 broad, sinuately or runcinately pinnatifid, coarsely and irregularly or doubly den- tate; upper cauline sessile by a mostly narrow but auriculate or partly clasping base: heads in a pyramidal crowded panicle: involucre oblong, 5 lines high: flowers bluish: achenes narrowed at summit to a short but manifest neck. Moist ground, Oregon to Brit. Columbia and the E, States. 118 SONCHUS Tourn. L. Gen. n. 908. Succulent herbs with leafy stems, alternate spinulosely or cili- ee es ee ed eS ay SONCHUS LOBELIACE® 405 ately dentate leaves and middle-sized heads of yellow flowers. Involucre campanulate, in age usually broadened and fleshy- thickened at base, becoming conical. Achenes obcompressed, without beak or neck or dilated disk. Pappus of very soft and fine flaccid bristles, which fall more or less in connection, and commonly one or more stronger ones which fall separately. S. overaceus L. Sp. 794. Fibrous-rooted annual: stem nearly simple, 1-10 feet high: lower leaves petioled, lyrate-pinnatifid, 5-10 inches long, the terminal segment commonly large and triangular, the margins dentic- ulate with mucronate or scarcely spiny teeth; upper pinnatifid, clasping by an auriclate or sagittate base, the auricles acute: inyolucre 6-8 lines high : achenes flat, longitudinally ribbed and transversely rugose. Common in fields and waste places. Naturalized from Europe. 8S. asper All. Fl. Ped. i, 222. Stem often stout. 1-6 feet high, from an annual root: leaves undivided, lobed or pinnatifid, spinulose-dentate ; the lower spatulate to lanceolate, more or less distinctly petioled; the up- per clasping by an auriculate base, the auricles rounded: involucre glab- rous, about 6 lines high: achenes smooth, 3-nerved oneach side. Common in fields and waste places. Naturalized from Europe. OrpER LII, LOBELIACE Juss. Herbs, or rarely shrubs, with usually milky acrid juice, alter- nate leaves without stipules, racemose inflorescence and perfect 5-merous flowers. Calyx adnate to the whole or the lower hall of the ovary, the. limb cleft to the ovary into 5 lobes. Corolla inserted just where the calyx becomes free from the ovary, its lobes Pilvate or induplicate in the bud, commonly deeper cleft or completely split down between two of the lobes, the cleft mostly on the upper side in the open flower but becoming so by a twist; in the early bud the split looks toward the bract; the lobes sometimes disposed to separate from below upward and the Jimb to be bilabiately irregular. Stamens inserted with the corolla and mostly free; anthers 2-celled. introrsely dehis- cent, firmly united around the top of the style into a ring or short tube. Ovary 2-celled, with placente projecting from the axis, sometimes 1-celled with two parietal placentae. Style entire: stigma usually 2-lobed, girt with a rim of hairs. Ovules and seeds mostly indefinitely numerous, small, anatropous. Embryo straight, in the axis of fleshy albumen. * Corolla cleft to the base on one side: capsule free at the apex. Lobelia _Calyx-tube short: capsule many-seeded, 2-valved at the top. * * Corolla with a closed tube: capsule wholly inferior. Howellia Calyx-tube linear-clavate: capsule 1-celled, few-seeded. Laurentia Calyx-tube turbinate or oblong, corolla with tube as long as the limb: capsule short, 2-valved at summit. Bolelia Calyx-tube very long: corolla tube very short: capsule very long, opening by 1-3 long fissures. = oo bo es 406 LOBELIACEZ LOBELIA HOWELLIA LOBELIA L. Gen. n. 1099. Herbs, or rarely shrubs with alternate leaves, and red ,yellow, blue or white flowers. Calyx-tube turbinate, hemispheric or ovoid, adnate to the ovary. Corolla-tube divided to the base on one side; the limb bilabiate, the lobe on each side of the cleft turning away from the other three, which are somewhat united. Stamens free from the corolla-tube, monadelphous, at least above, 2 or all of the 5 anthers with a tuft of hairs at their tips, 3 of them usually larger than the other 2. Ovary 2-celled, the 2 placentae many-ovuled. Stigma 2-lobed. Capsule loculicidally 2-valved. L. Dortmanna L. Sp. 929. Aquatic perennial: glabrous throughout : stem slender, simple, erect, hollow, A Bhs. paca” a few fleshy bracts, 6-18 inches high: leaves all submersed and tufted at the base of the stem, terete, obtuse, 1-2 inches long, hollow and longitudinally divided by a partition: flowers blue, in a loose terminal raceme, 6-8 lines long, on fili- form pedicels: calyx-lobes subulate: larger lip of the corolla glabrous or nearly so. Borders of ponds, northwestern Washington to subarctic Amer- ica and the Northeastern States. 2 HOWELLIA Gray Proc. Am. Acad. xv, 43. Aquatic or semiaquatic herbs with alternate leaves, at least below, and small white flowers. Flowers of 2 forms; the emersed with conspicuous corolla, the submersed with corolla undeveloped. Calyx with slender tube, adnate for its whole length to the ovary, and a limb of 5 nearly equal narrow lobes. Corolla not surpass- ing the calyx, its very short tube split nearly to the base on one. side; its 5 lobes almost equal. Stamen-tube nearly free, and with the included style slightly incurved. Anthers oval, the two smaller trisetulose; the three larger naked. Ovary strictly 1-cell- ed, with two filiform parietal placentae, each 3-5-ovulate, upper ovules ascending, the lower pendulous. Capsule membranaceous, at maturity bursting irregularly on one side. seeds few, large, smooth, callous-apiculate at the chalaza. H. aquatilis Gray 1. c. Aquatic annual: stem weak, 6-18 inches high, branching: submersed leaves linear-setaceous, 2-6 inches long, entire; emersed leaves linear to oblong, sometimes sparingly toothed: flowers ax- illary, short-peduncled ; calyx-lobes subulate or filiform, 2-4 lines long; corolla white, its lobes oblong: capsule half-inch long, linear-clavate, bear- ing a few soft white seeds. In ponds, in the vicinity of Portland, Oregon. 3 LAURENTIA Neck, Elem. i, 131. Small and diffuse or creeping herbs with alternate leaves and axillary blue flowers. Calyx-tube and adnate ovary turbinate or oblong, the 5 lobes narrow. Corolla with tube as long as the limb, and not split; its larger lip 3-cleft and widely spreading; the smaller of two more erect or diverging divisions. Filaments and anthers completely united ; two of the latter minutely bristle- tufted at the apex, nearly included. Capsule 2-valved across the projecting free apex, 2-celled. Seeds oblong or almost fusiform. L. carnosula Benth. Glabrous somewhat succulent annual: stems 1-5 LAURENTIA LOBELIACE 3 407 BOLELIA inches long, rooting at the nodes: leaves oblong-linear or lanceolate, entire, sessile, 3-6 lines long: flowers axillary and above corymbose or racemose, long-pedicelled : calyx-lobes somewhat foliaceous, linear, obtuse, equalling the oblong-obconical or clavate tube: larger lip of the corolla 3-cleft into roundish-obovate lobes, blue with the 2-ridged palate yellow or whitish; the smaller lip of 2 lanceolate lobes: seeds smooth. Low and muddy pla- ces, southeastern Oregon to Wyoming and California. 4 BOLELIA Raf. Atl. Journ 120, 1832. DOWNINGIA Torrey. _ Glabrous annual herbs with sessile narrow leaves, the upper ones reduced to bracts, and axillary sessile flowers. Calyx-tube and adnate ovary very long and slender, 3-sided, usually twisted, its limb divided down to the ovary into five foliaceous lobes. Corolla with very short but entire tube and bilabiate limb; the smaller lip of two narrow recurved or spreading divisions, the other very broad and 3-lobed. Filaments and anthers both uni- ted into a somewhat curved tube; two of the latter bristle-tipped. Capsule very long and slender, early becoming 1-celled, with two filiform parietal placentae. remaining closed at the tip but the sides dehiscing by 1-3 long fissures. | B. elegans Greene Pitt. ii, 126. Downingia elegans Torrey. Stem simple or diffusely branched, 4-12 inches high: leaves ovate to lanceolate, acute, 3-15 lines long: calyx-lobes linear-lanceolate, 6-9 lines long: larger lip of the corolla 3-lobed, the lobes acute or acutish the other lobes lanceo- late: capsule often two inches or more long: seeds short-oblong. In wet ground, Brit. Columbia to southern Oregon and Idaho. B. pulchella Greene 1c. Downingia pulchella Torrey, ‘‘ Mostly low- ér or weaker-stemmed: leaves more linear and obtuse: large lip of the corolla deeply 3-lobed; the other two lobes oblong-ovate: seeds elongated- oblong. Wet banks, Oregon to California and Nevada ”’ OrperR LIII, CAMPANULACEZ Juss. Gen. 163.; Herbs, rarely shrubs or trees, with bland milky juice, alter- nate simple leaves without stipules, regular 5-merous flowers, and 2-5-celled many-seeded capsules or berries. Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary; its 5-lobed persistent limb usually divided down to the ovary. Corolla valvate, induplicate or rarely im- _ bricate in the bud, inserted on the calyx just where it becomes free from the ovary. Stamens inserted with the corolla and free or adnate at base: anthers with two parallel cells. Style one, almost always pubescent or puberulent for some distance below the 2-5 introrse stigmas. Ovules anatropous, on pla- centae projecting from the axis. Seeds small, usually smooth. Embryo straight, in the axis of fleshy albumen. ae * Ovary and capsule long.and narrow, or-at least oblong. 1 Githopsis Capsule opening at, the top by a hole left by the falling away of the base of the style between the long calyx-lobes. 2 Legouzia Capsule opening on the sides by 2 or 3 little valves which leave small round perforations. - ron 7, | 9! 408 CAMPANULACEZ GITHOPSIS LEGOUZIA * Ovary and capsule short and broad. 8 Heterocodon Calyx-lobes very broad : capsule thin-walled, not dehis- cent. but bursting indefinitely between the ribs. 4 Campanula Calyx-lobes narrow: capsule opening on the side by 3-5 small valves leaving definite round perforations. 1 GITHOPSIS Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. viii. 258. Annual herbs with alternate leaves and blue fowers. Flowers all alike and corolliferous. Tube of the calyx club-shaped, stron- gly 10-ribbed, adnate up to the summit of the ovary: the limb of five long and narrow foliaceous lobes. Corolla tubular-cam- panulate. 5-lobed, Filaments short, dilated at the base: anthers linear. Ovary 3-celled. Stigma 3-lobed. Capsule clavate, cori- aceous, crowned with the rigid calyx-lobes, strongly striate-rib- bed, many seeded, opening where the base of the style falls away by a narrow hole. Seeds very numerous, smooth. | H. specularioides Nutt. 1. c. Stem rigid, 2-10 -nches high: leaves small, linear-oblong, coarse!y toothed, sessile: flowers solitary terminatin the stem or branches, or becoming lateral, strictly erect: corolla blue: rigi capsule tapering into a very short and stout peduncle. Open places, western Washington to California. 2 LEGOUZIA Durand FI. Bourg, ii, 26. (1782.) SPECULARIA Hiester. Annual herbs with alternate leaves and axillary blue flowers. Flowers often dimorphous, the earlier ones smaller and with undeveloped corolla, and cross-fertilized in bud. Calyx-lobes in the early flowers 3 or 4, in the later ones 5, narrow. Calyx-tube narrow, more or less elongated. Corolla short and broad, rotate or nearly so when expanded, 5-lobed or 5-parted. Anthers linear. Stigmas and cells of the ovary 3-4. Capsule obconical or cylin- draceous, opening by one or more small valvular openings on the side, either near the summit or near the middle. L. perfoliata Britton Mem. Torr, Club, v, 309. Specularia perfoliata ito stenr = inches hight very leafy throughout, simple or branched from the base, hirsute or hispid on the angles: leaves round cordate and p clasping, mostly crenate, veiny, 6-12 lines broad: flowers sessile, single or clustered in the axils: calyx-lobes of the early flowers 5-4 and short, of the corolliferous ones as long as the ovary: capsule oblong or somewhat coni-’ cal, the 2 or 3 valvular openings at or below the middle: seeds lenticular. Spee grounds and fields, Brit. Columbia to California and the Eastern tates. 3 HETEROCODON Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. viii, 255. Slender annual herbs with alternate sessile leaves and blue flowers of two forms. The lower and earlier flowers with merely rudimentary corolla. Calyx with short tube and large foliaceous lobes. Corolla 5-lobed. Capsule obovoid, 3-angled, 3-celled, many-seeded, very thin and membranaceous, the delicate walls bursting indefinitely on the sides. ee hi li elt CoA x HETEROCODON CAMPANULACE 409 CAMPANULA H rariflorum Nutt. |. c. Sparingly hirsute: stems filiform, leafy, diffusely spreading, 4-12 inches long: leaves orbicular, with cordate partly clasping base coarsely many-toothed, 4-8 lines long: flowers solitary, axil- ary and ierminal: calyx with short ovoid cr inversely pyramidal tube and foliaceous broadly ovate sparingly toothed veiny lobes: only the later flowers with developed pale blue corolla which barely equals the lobes of the calyx: seeds oblong, obscurely triangular. In wet places and fields, Brit. Colum- bia to California. and Idaho. 4 CAMPANULA L. Gen. n. 218. Perennial or annual herbs with alternate leaves and usually showy blue or white flowers. Flowers all alike and corolliferous. Calyx with short and broad tube and 5-lobed limb. Corolla campanulate or nearly rotate, 5-lobed or 5-parted. Filaments dilated at base: anthers oblong or linear. Stigmas and cells of the ovary 3-5. Capsule mostly short, opening on the sides or near the base by 3-5 small uplifted valves or perforations. * Root perennial: style not longer than the corolla, straight. + Openings of the capsule toward its summit. C. Piperi. Glabious: stems numerous from a multicipital caudex, 1- 4inches high, very leafy tothe top, bearing one to several bright blue flowers: leaves cuneate to spatulate, narrowed below to broad _ petioles, coarsely and sharply serrate, or irregularly dentate, (-18 lines long. those of the shoots withering and persistent for several years: calyx-tube short, obconic, the subulate or linear-lanceolate lobes 6-8 lines long, about equal- ling the open-campanulate corolla anthers linear: stigmas usually 8, strongly recurved: capsule almost globular. On cliffs, Mount Steele, Olympic Mountains, Washington. Distributed by Mr. Piper as C. auwrita. C. seabrella Engelm. Bot. Gaz vi, 237. Cinereous-puberulent or minutely scabrous to nearly glabrous: numerous stems from a mul- ticipital caudex, 2-5 inches high, 1-4-flowered: leaves thickish; radical spatulate; upper cauline linear: iobes of the corolla ovate-lanceolate as long as its campanulate tube capsules oblong-turbinate, not narrowed at summit. Grassy slopes, Mount Adams Washington to the bighest moun- tains of California + + . Openings of the capsule near the base. C. rotundifolia L Sp. 163. Stems slender, erect or diffuse, 6-30 inches long, one to several-flowered: lowest leaves orbicular or ovate to cordate, slender-petioled; cauline leaves all linear and sessile: flower-buds erect on the slender pedicels; flowers drooping or spreading ; calyx-lobes subulate, spreading, longer than the short-turbinate tube; corolla blue, pempenuldte, 7-12 lines long: capsule obconic or ovoid nodding, opening by short clefts near the base. Common on rocky banks and creek-bottoms, Alaska to California and across the Continent Europe and Asia. A vyaria- ble species, perhaps as here defined includes more than one species. * * Root perennial: leaves sharply or laciniately serrate: inflores- cence centrifugal and racemiform: style filiform and straight, exceed- ing the narrow-campanulate‘eorolla: capsule hemispherical or short- turbinate, the openings near the middle or near the base. C. Scouleri Hook. FI. ii, t. 125. Glabrous or a little pubescent: stems slender, 6-13 inches long, often branched: leaves from ovate to lanceolate, 1-3 inches long, acute and acutely serrate, mostly tapering at base to a margined petiole: flowers more or less panicled, drooping, on long filiform pedicels, pale blue, the terminal one opening first: calyx with oblong tube 410 VACCINIACEA VACCINIUM and setaceous-subulate lobes: corolla 6-8 lines long, its lanceolate acute lobes longer than the tube: capsule 3-4 lines long, strongly angled. Com- mon in coniferous woods, Vancouver Island to California. C. prenanthoides Durand Jour. Acad Philad. n. ser. ii, 93 Glabr- ous or roughish-puberulent: stem erect, 1-3 feet high: leaves numerous, 6-18 lines long, from ovate-oblong to lanceolate, the cauline mainly sessile: flowers racemose, scattered or clustered, generally numerous, bright blue, on short pedicels: corolla slender-cylindrical in bud, twice the length of the slender calyx-lobes, almost 5-parted, its lobes narrowly lanceolate, 2-4 times as long as the tube: capsule thin-walled and with broad and retuse base. Coniferous woods and open places, southern Oregon to California. OrveR LIV, VACCINIACEZ® Lindl. Veg. Kingd. 757. Shrubs or small trees, with alternate simple leaves, and small pink or white perfect flowers in clusters, or solitary. Calyx- tube adnate to the ovary, the limb 4-5-lobed or 4-5-cleft. do rolla gamopetalous, 4-5-lobed, or rarely divided into separate petals, deciduous. Stamens twice as many as the lobes of the corolla, epigynous, or inserted on the base of the corolla; fila- ments usually flattened, anthers dorsally attached, 2-celled, the connective entire or 2-awned. Ovary inferior, 2-10-celled, with: placentae in the axis, with one to several anatropous ovules in each cell, crowned by the epigynous disk. Style fil- iform: stigma simple, or minutely 4-5-lobed. Fruit a berry or drupe in our genera. Seeds compressed. Embryo small, in fleshy albumen. 1 Vaccinium Corolla urceolate, subglobose, cylindric, or campanulate. 2 Oxycoceus Corolla deeply 4-cleft or 4-divided, the lobes reflexed. 1 VACCINIUM L. Sp. 349. Branching shrubs or small trees with alternate often coriace- ous leaves and small white pink or red flowers. Calyx-tube glo- bose, hemispheric or turbinate, not angled, adnate to the ovary, the limb 4—5-toothed or lobed, persistent. Corolla urn-shaped, campanulate, cylindric, or subglobose, its limb 4—5-toothed or lobed. Stamens as many or twice as many as lobes of the corolla Anthers awned or awnless, upwardly prolonged into tubes, open- ing by aterminal hole or slit of the tubular apex of each cell. Ovary 4—5-celled, or 8-10 celled by false partitions ; ovules several or numerous in each cell. | . § 1 Evuvacctntum Gray. Leaves deciduous. Flowers on drooping pedicels, solitary or 2-4 together, developing with or soon after the leaves. Corolla from ovate to globular, and more or less urn-shaped, 4—5-toothed. Filaments glabrous: anthers 2-awned on the back, included. Ovary and berry 4-5-celled, with no false partitions. 7 * Leaves quite entire and usually almost sessile: flowers 1-4 in a fascicle from a distinct scaly bud, more commonly 4-merous and 8-and- rous: limb of the calyx deeply 4-5-parted. VACCINIUM VACCINIACEZ 411 VY. uliginosum L. Sp. 350. Glabrous or minutely puberulent: stem stiff, much branched, 6- 24 inches high: leaves thickish, mostly pale or glaucescent, obovate oval or oblong-cuneate, obtuse or retuse, reticulate- veiny especially beneath, 5-12 lines long: corolla urn-shaped, globular or ovate, solitary or 2-4 together: berries dark blue with a bloom, 3-4 lines in diameter, sweet. Summits of the high mountains of Oregon to Alaska and across the Continent. Also in northern Europe and Asia. Var. mucronatum Herder. .Depressed-cespitose: leaves small, bright green both sides, conspicuously reticulated, usually roundish, abruptly mucronate or cuspidate. Along the coast, southern Oregon to Alaska. VY. occidentale Gray Bot. Cal. i, 451. Glabrous shrub, 1-3 feet high: leaves rather thin, glaucescent, obscurely veiny, from oval to obovate-ob- long or oblanceolate, obtuse or acutish, 6-9 lines long: flowers mostly soli- tary: corolla oblong-ovate: berries small, 2-3 lines in diameter. In high- mountain marshes, Washington to California and Nevada. * * Flowers.solitary in the earliest axils, usually 5-merous-and., -10-androus: calyx less deeply or very slightly lobed. + Dwarf and cespitose: branchlets not angled. VY. cxspitosum: Michx. Fl. i, 234. Glabrous or nearly so 3-7 inches” high: leaves from obovate to cuneate-oblong, obtuse or rarely acutish thick- ly serrulate, bright green both sides, reticulate-veiny; corolla ovate or ovoid-oblong: berries large, blue with a bloom, sweet. On the highest Mountains, Washington to Alaska and across the Continent. Var. cuneifolium Nutt. Proc. Am. Phil. Soc. viii, 262. Stem 8-12 inches high, bushy: leaves spatulate-cuneate with rounded apex to spatu- late-lanceolate and acute, the earliest not rarely entire. Mountains of Brit. Columbia to California, Colorado, Utah and Lake Superior. VY. arbuscula. V. cxspitosum var. arbuscula Gray. Stem erect, 6-18 inches high, much branched: leaves obovate, 5-7 lines long, thickish, pale green: corolla oblong-ovoid : berries 2-3 lines in diameter, dark blue with a bloom, sweet. In open pine forests, Alaska to California. + + Low: branches sharply angled and green : leaves small. VY. Myrtillus L. Sp. i, 349. ‘‘ A foot or less high, glabrous: leaves ovate or oval, thin, shining, serrate. conspicuously reticulated-veiny, and with a prominent narrow midrib ( in ours half to two-thirds inch long ): limb of calyx almost entire: corolla globular-ovate: berries black, nodding. Alaska to Idaho and the Rocky Mountains, Eu., Asia. ”’ VY. microphyllum. V. Myrtillus var. microphyllum Hook. Stem erect, with numerous slender strict green branches and branchlets, 3-18 inches high: leaves ovate or oval, 2-4 lines long, bright green : corolla ovate, a line long: berries 1-2 lines in diameter, bright red, sweet. On the high- est mountains, Washington to California and the Rocky Mountains. + + + Mostly tall with spreading branches. VY. membranaceum Dougl. Hook. Fl. ii, 32. V. myrtilloides Hook. not of Michx. Glabrous or glabrate, 1-5 feet high, with erect slightly an- gled branchlets: leaves ovate or oval to oblong, sharply serrulate, mem- branaceous, green both sides but not shining, loosely reticulate-veiny, 1-2 inches long, the larger and later ones mostly acute or acuminate: limb of the calyx entire: corolla depressed-globular or semi-globose-urceolate: ped- icels erect in fruit: berries 3-4 lines in diameter, purplish-black, sweet. On the high mountains, Alaska to California, and east to Lake Superior. Var. rigidum Hook. Branchlets slightly pubescent and more com-— 12 VACCINIACEZ VACCINIUM oxycoccus pact: leaves rigid. In the mountains of Brit. Columbia and Washington VY. ovalifolium Smith in Rees’s Cycl. No. 2. Glabrous and glaucescent, 4-12 feet high, straggling: branchlets more or Jess angled : leaves thin, oval to oblong, mostly obtuse or rounded at both ends, merely mucronulate, entire, or with a few irregular serratures, 1-2 inches long, pale and glau- cescent: limb of the calyx minutely 10-toothed: corolla ovoid-urceolate- pedicels recurved in fruit :. berries depressed-globose, 3-5 lines in diameter: blue with a bloom, acid but very good. Moist woods, Oregon to Alaska, Quebee and Michigan. V. Alaskaensis. Stem erect, 2-12 feet high, with erect branches and spreading sharply angled branchlets: leaves thickish, 1-3 inches long when mature, mostly ovate or oblong, not rarely acute at both ends, mucronu- late, on very short petioles, dark green above, paler beneath: limb of the calyx obscurely 10-toothed : corolla globular, 2 lines long: pedicels noddin in flower, erect in fruit: berries black, globular 4-6 lines in diameter, aci but fine for table use. In‘the Cascade Mountains of Oregon to Alaska. Y. parvifolium Smith 1. c. 3. Stem 3-12 feet high, with straggling angled green branches and branchlets: leaves oblong or oval, obtuse or rounded at both ends, 3-8'lines long, entire, pale green, dull beneath, often sparse: lin:b of the calyx 5-lobed: corolla globular: pedicels nodding in fruit: berries bright red, acid, but fine for table use. Common in damp forests west of the Cascade Mountains, Oregon to Alaska. § 2 Virts-Ip#a Koch. Leaves coriaceous and persistent. Flowers in short racemes or clusters from separate buds, bracte- ate and 2-bracteolate. Stamens with hairy filaments and awnless anthers. ‘VY. Vitis-Idea L. Fil. Dan. t. 40. Almost glabrous: branches tufted, 4-10 inches high from creeping stems: leaves crowded, obovate or oval, emarginate, shining above, pale and bristly dark-dotted beneath, 3-6 lines long, the margins revolute, entire or obscurely serrulate: flowers crowded in a short terminal secund and nodding bracteate raceme, 4-merous and 8-androus: bracts reddish, nearly persistent: limb of the calyx deeply 4- lobed : corolla white or rose-color, open-campanulate, rather deeply 4-lobed : berries dark red, acid and bitterish, edible when cooked. In marshes, northern Washington to Alaska and across the continent. V. ovatum Pursh Fl i, 290. Stems erect or ascending, 2-8 feet high, with rather rigid branches; branchlets pubescent: leaves thick and firm, very numerous, trom ovate to oblong-lanceolate, acute, minutely and acute- ly serrate, glabrous or nearly so, bright green both sides, 6-12 lines long: flowers in short and close axillary clusters: bracts and bractlets deciduons, usually red: corolla campanulate 2 lines long, rose-color or nearly white, barely thrice the length of the acute red calyx-lobes: berries black, acid. In moist woods near the coast, Brit. Columbia to California. 2 OXYCOCCUS Hill British Herbal, 324. (CRANBERRY.) Low trailing or erect shrubs with alternate leaves, and axillary or terminal nodding flowers on long filiform pedicels, Calyx- . tube adherent to the ovary, the limb 4—5-eleft, persistent. Corolla 4-5-parted, with long narrow reflexed segments. Stamens 8-10, the distinct filaments puberulent at base. Anthers conniyent into a cone, awnless, upwardly prolonged into hollow tubes and opening by oblique pores at the top. Ovary 4—-5-celled, destitute of false partitions. Fruit a many-seeded juicy berry. ee a OXYCOCLUS ERICACE 4 413 @. palustris Pers. Syn. i, 419. Vaccinium oxycoccus L. Stems very slender, creeping, rooting at the nodes, 6-18 inches long; branches erect or ascending, 2-6 inches high, very leafy: leaves thick, evergreen, ovate, acute at the apex, rounded or eerdate at base 2-5 lines long, green above, white beneath, the margins revolute, entire: flowers 1-5 in a fasicle from terminal thin-scaly buds, nodding on erect long filiform 2-bracteolate pedi- cels: corolla pink, about 4 lines broad, cleft nearly to the base; filaments fully half as long as the anthers: berries globose, 3-5 lines in diameter, often spotted when young. In cold bogs, Uregon to and around the sub- . Arctic Zone. | Var. intermedium. Vaccinium Oxycoccus var. intermedium Gray. Leaves from ovate to oblong, mostly obtuse, 3-6. lines long: flowers strictly umbellate from the scaly bud, but this not rarely proliferous into a leafy shoot: berries 3-5 lines in diameter. Cold bogs in the Cascade Mountains, Oregon to Brit. Columbia. ; Orper LV. ERICACEAS DC. Fl. Franc. iii, 675. Shrubs trees or herbs with simple leaves without stipules, and mostly perfect flowers. Calyx inferior, free from the ovary, 4-5-parted or 4-5-cleft, mostly persistent. Corolla regular, or rarely somewhat irregular, usually 4-5-toothed or 4-5-lobed. Stamens hypogynons, usually as many or twice as many as lobes or divisions of the corolla: filaments mostly separate and free or nearly free from the corolla: anthers 2-celled, the cells often prolonged upwardly into tubes, opening by terminal pores or chinks, or longitudinally, often awned: the pollen composed of 4 united grains. Ovary 2-5-celled with placentae in the axis, the ovules usually numerous, sometimes solitary, anatro- ro style single: stigma peltate or capitate. Fruit a capsule erry or drupe. Embryo small or minute, in fleshy albumen. TriBE 1, ARBUTE® Fruit a berry or berry-like drupe. Corolla 4-5-toothed, deciduous. ° 1 Arbutus Ovary 5-celled, many-ovuled: fruit a many-seeded berry. 2 Aretostaphylos Ovary 5-10-celled, with a single ovule in each cell: fruit a 5-10-seeded drupe, or by abortion 3-9-seeded. TRIBE 11, ANDROMEDE® Fruit a loculicidal, chiefly 5-celled and many-seeded capsule.. Corolla usually 5-toothed, deciduous. * Calyx becoming fleshy and berry-like in fruit, enclosing the small capsule. | 3 Gaultheria Corolla campanulate and 5-lobed, or urceolate, 5-toothed. * * Calyx remaining dry under the naked capsule. 4 Andromeda. Low shrubs with moderately broad leaves: calyx valvate or open in bud: corolla from globular-urceolate to cylindraceous: cap- sule 5-celled. ) . 5 Cassiope Small fruticulose plants with small thick or acerose mostly imbricated leaves: calyx of ovate imbricated sepals: corolla open-cam- panulate, 4-5-lobed or parted: capsule 4-5-valved, the valves 2-lobed. TRIBE ut, RuoporER. Fruit a septicidal capsule, the valves in dehiscence separating from the persistent placentiferous col- 414 ERICACE ARBUTUS umella. Corolla deciduous,its lobes or petals imbricated in bud. * Anthers opening by a pore or chink at the apex of each cell. + Corolla gamopetalous: scaly leaf-buds none: flowers from the axils of mostly coriaceo-foliaceous persistent bracts: capsule globular, - 4-5-valved from above. ; 6 Phyllodoce Leaves narrow and imbricated : corolla ovoid. 7? Bryanthus Leavs narrow, alternate but crowded: corolla open-cam- panulate, 5-lobed or parted. 8 Kalmia Leaves comparatively broad and ample, persistent: corolla saucer-shaped, 5-lobed and 10-saccate below the limb. - + Flower-buds scaly-strobilaceous, the thin or scarious scales caducous or deciduous: corolla gamopetalous: capsule 4-5-valved from apex to base. — 9 Menziesia Shrubs with deciduous leaves: corolla from globular- urceolate to cylindraceous, 4-toothed or lobed: stamens not exserted. 10 Azaleastrum Shrubs with deciduous leaves: corolla subcampanulate, regular, 5-lobed: stamens not exserted. 11 Azalea Shrubs with deciduous leaves: corolla funnelform, slightly irregular: stamens exserted. 12 Rhododendron Shrubs with evergreen leaves: corolla campanulate, slightly irregular. + + + Corolla polypetalous or very nearly so. 18 Ledum_ Shrubs with evergreen leaves: flowers umbellate from sepa- rate scaly buds: capsule 5-valved from the base. ~ * * Anthers opening from the apex nearly or quite to the base of the cell: corolla of distinct petals or deeply 5-cleft : capsule 2-5-valved from above. . 14 Cladothamnus Erect shrubs with deciduous leaves: flowers from leafy shoots of the season, solitary : capsule 5-6-celled. Tribe 1 Arbutewx DC. vit 581. Trees or shrubs with scaly buds and. alternate evergreen leaves. Corolla urn-shaped or globular, 5-toothed or rarely 4-toothed, decidwous. Stamens twice as many as lobes of the corolla, included. Fruit fleshy, either a berry or drupe. 1 ARBUTUS L. Gen. n. 552. (MADRONO), Low trees or shrubs with thick evergreen leaves and small pink or white flowers in panicles that terminate the branchlets. Calyx . small, 5-lobed, persistent. Corclla ovate, globular, or urn-shaped, 5-toothed, the teeth recurved. Stamens 10, included: anthers flattened, furnished with a pair of reflexed awns on the back be- low the summit; the cells opening by terminal pores. Ovary raised on a hypogynous disk, 5-celled: ovules numerous on a fleshy placente projecting from the inner angle of each cell. Style rather long: stigma obtuse. Berries with a rough or gran- ular surface, maturing several seeds in each cell. A. Menziesii Pursh. Hook. Fl. ii, 36. A tree 20-100 feet high, and A ROTOSTAPHY LO 8 ERCICE 415 a trunk 6-30 inches in diameter: bark close and smooth by exfoliation, on large trees becoming rough near the base, turning brownish-red: leaves oval or oblong, entire or serrulate, green with more or less red veins above, pale and finely reticulated beneath, 3-5 inches long by 1-3 inches broad, tirm-coriaceous: branches of the panicle minutely pubescent: calyx-lobes broadly ovate, about a line long: corolla globular, 3-5 lines long: berries somewhat drupaceous, reddish-orange, 3-5 lines in diameter. On dry hill- sides, Vancouver Island to southern California: west of the Cascade Mts. 2 ARCTOSTAPYLOS Adans. Fam. PI. ii, 165. (Manzanira.) Shrubs or small trees with alternate broad coriaceous evergreen leaves which are usually vertical by a twist of the petiole, and small white to light red flowers in terminal, usually pendulous, racemes or panicles. Pedicels bracteate and bracteolate. Calyx deeply 5-parted. Corolla urn-shaped, with 4 or 5 recurved lobes. Stamens 8 or 10; filaments dilated and hairy at base; anthers with 2 reflexed awns on the back, the cells opening by a hole at the top. Ovary 4-10-celled, with a single pendulous ovule in each cell, in fruit becoming a 4-10-celled, and by abortion, 1=7- seeded stone or patumen, or the cells distinct or more or less co- alescent at the ventral edge. Seeds with a slender erect, radical and small cotyledons in fleshy albumen. 3 , * Depressed and trailing or creeping, green, glabrous-or minutely pubescent, no bristly hairs: flowers rather few in simple small clusters: ovary and fruit glabrous: nutlets 1-nerved on the hack. A. Uva-ursi Spreng. Syst. ii, 287. ( Kiynrxinic. ) Diffusely much branched and rooting at the nodes, forming depressed patches several feet . in diameter from a single main root: leaves oblong-spatulate, obtuse or re- tuse, an inch or less long, tapering into a short petiole, bracts ovate, acute, somewhat foliaceous: flowers few, in short racemes, white; corolla ovoid, constricted at the throat, about 2 lines long: drupe globose, red, glabrous, — 3-5 lines in diameter, containing 5 coalescent nutlets. In open woods, California to the Arctic Circle and across:the Continent, A. intermedia Greene Pitt. ii, 171. Diffusely branching, the main divisions of the stem procumbent, a foot or two long; leafy branches as- cending or erect, less than a foot high: leaves obovate-cuneiform, about an inch long, obtuse, puberulent beneath: racemes terminal, subsessile, few- flowered : fruit globose, slightly depressed, 3-4 lines in diameter; nutlets 5-7, firmly consolidated. On dry gravelly ground, Mason Co. Washington. A. Nevadensis Gray Syn. Fl. ii, 27. Stems loosely branching from the base, the branches decumbent, 1-2 feet long: leaves ovate or oval to lanceolate-spatulate, cuspidate-mucronate, abruptly petioled, 6-12 lines long : racemes few-flowered : corolla white, oblong, 2-4 lines long: drupes dull red, 3-4 lines in diameter: nutlets mostly separate. On the high mountains, Washington to California. * * Erect low shrubs: leaves at most.an inch long: flowers on short, mostly clustered, racemes or spikes, only a line or two long. A. hispidula. Stems 4-6 feet high, with very dark colored bark, rather strictly branched; branchlets glandular-hispidulous, very leafy: leaves oblong or oblong-ovate or some oblong-lanceolate, with indistinct cartilaginous margins acute at both ends, cuspidate, green and glabrous, with round pubescent petioles: bracts glabrous, triangular with a very broad base, acuminate, not foliaceous: pedicels glabrous, longer than the 416 ERICACEZ ARCTOSTAPHYLOS bracts: corolla rose-color, 2-3 lines long: filaments sparingly hairy: ovary glabrous: fruit not seen. On bottom lands along Smith river at Gasque Del Norte Co. California: no doubt in adjacent Oregon. A. intricata. Stem erect, 3-6 feet high with very dark-colored bark, irregularly and intricately branched, the branchlets tomentose and gland- ular: leaves oblong to ovate, acute and cuspidate, usually abruptly con- tracted below to a short glandular-hispid petiole, bright green, minutely tomentose, the margins ciliate: bracts acuminate-ovate with a broad base, hispid-ciliate, somewhat foliaceous: pedicels very short, glandular: corolla bright rose-color, about 3 lines long: filaments loosely hairy: ovary dense- ly tomentose: fruit not seen. On stony hillsides near Smith river west of Gasque, Del Norte Co. California; no doubt in adjacent Oregon. A. cinerea. Erect, 3-6 feet high, densely branched from the base, with rather light-colored bark and cinereous branchlets: leaves oblong or obovate, obtuse or acutish to acute, cuspidate, whitish-green, tapering below to a stout flat cinereous petiole, smooth: bracts not foliaceous, acu- minate-lanceolate with a broad base, minutely cinereous; pedicels longer than the bracts, minutely tomentose: corolla dark rose-color to nearly white: filaments densely hairy: ovary hairy at the top: fruit globose, flat- ened at each end: some of the nutlets coalescent. Rocky hillsides along the eastern base of the Coast Mountains near Waldo, Oregon. * * * Erect shrubs or low trees: leaves 1-3 inches long: flowers 3-4 lines long, on short clustered racemes: drupes obcompressed-globose: some of the nutlets coalescent. A. oblongifolia. Densely branching from the base, with reddish- brown bark and cinereous branchlets, 4-6 feet high: leaves oblong or the lowest obovate, obtuse, cuspidate, usually abruptly contracted below toa rather long round petiole, whitish-green, smooth: bracts somewhat folia- ceous, acuminate-lanceolate with a broad base, minutely pubescent: pedi- cels longer than the bracts, minutely pubescent and sparingly glandular: corolla white tinged with red : filaments very sparingly if at all hairy : ovary pubescent at the top. Rocky hillsides, eastern base of the Coast Mountains near Waldo, Oregon. A. parvifolia. Stems branching from the base, with light reddish bark and minutely white-tomentose branchlets: leaves small, oblong or cuneate-oblong; obtuse or acutish, minutely cuspidate, whitish-green, on flattish petioles: bracts triangular, short-acuminate, minutely pubescent: pedicels not longer than the lower bracts, minutely pubescent: filaments sparingly hairy: ovary glabrous. On the high hills near Andersons, Jose- phine Co. Oregon. A. pulchella. Arborescent, 6-12 feet high, branching from the base, with dark-colored bark and minutely pubescent. branchlets: leaves ob- oyate to oblong, obtuse, obscurely mucronate, smooth, cinereous-green : bracts acuminate-ovate with a very broad base, minutely pubescent: — icels much longer than the bracts, sparingly glandular: filaments slightly hairy: ovary glabrous. On the mountains of Josephine Co. Oregon. A. viseida Parry Proc. Cal. Acad. ii, 496. Arborescent, intricately branched from the base, with dark-colored bark and glabrous branchlets : leaves orbicular to ovate or oblong, acutish to rounded at the aqex, with or without a small cusp, ashy-green and glabrous: bracts broadly triangu- lar, shortly acuminate: pedicels much longer than the bracts, densely viscid-glandular: filaments densely hairy: ovary glabrous. Common in — Josephine and Jackson Counties Oregon and adjacent California, _ A. Manzanita Parry 1. c.?. Arborescent, 6-10 feet high, with reddish brown bark and the young branchlets black-glandular: leaves ovate to A a : ‘ 3 i. >. . ARCTOSTAPHYLOS ERICACE 417 ‘GAULTHERIA obovate, obtuse or acutish, usually abruptly contracted below to a slender petiole, not at all cuspidate, glabrous,"dark green both sides: bracts acu- minate-lanceolate, green and glandular: pedicels shorter than the bracts, glabrous: filaments tomentose: ovary glabrous. ‘Top of the Siskiyou Mountains and southward. A. bracteata. Strictly branched from the base, 4-6 feet high, with tomentose branchlets: leaves oblong, obtuse, obscurely cuspidate, minutely tomentose, contracted below to a flattish petiole: bracts foliaceous, lanceo- late: pedicels pubescent, shorter than the bracts: filaments and ovary densely hairy. Near Waldo, Josephine Co. Oregon. A, strigosa. Erect and loosely branching, 8-10 feet high, with dense- ly white-tomentose branchlets: leaves oblong or ovate, obscurely cuspidate, usually rounded at the apex, minutely white-tomentose, light green, ab- ruptly contracted below toa round petiole: bracts foliaceous, lanceolate, strigose pubescent: pedicels shorter than the bracts, pubescent: filaments sparingly hairy: ovary densely pubescent. In the mountains of Josephine o. Oregon. f A. tomentosa Dougl. Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1791. Erect, 2-10 feet high with tomentose and setose-hispid branchlets : leaves oblong-ovate or oblong, acute and cuspidate, densely tomentose, contracted below to a short setose- hispid and tomentose petiole: bracts foliaceous, narrowly lanceolate, to- mentose and ciliate: pedicels shorter than the bracts, tomentose: filaments sparingly hairy: ovary densely tomentose. Rocky and sandy places, Brit. olumbia to Oregon and perhaps farther south. Tribe ti, Andromedex DC. Prodr, vii, 588. Shrubs with chiefly alternate evergreen leaves. Corolla gamopetalous, deciduous. Sta- mens twice as many as lobes of the corolla, more or less included. Anthers opening at the top. Fruit a loculicidal chiefly 5-celled and many-seeded capsule, the valves usually bearing the partitions, which separate from the persistent placentiferons axis or columella. 8 GAULTHERIA L. Gen. n. 551. Shrubs or undershrubs with broad evergreen leaves, and-small nodding flowers either solitary in the axils, or in axillary racemes. Calyx 5-cleft or lobed, persistent. Corolla urn-shaped to cam- panulate. Stamens 10: filaments dilated toward the base: anther- cells usually 2-pointed or 2-awned, and opening by a pore at the top. Capsule 5-celled, depressed and umbilicate, many-seeded, enclosed at maturity in the calyx, which enlarges and becomes fleshy and berry like after the corolla falls. _ * Corolla short-campanulate, 5-lobed: filaments glabrous: apex of the anthers obscurely 4-pointed. _ @. Myrsinites Hook. Fl. ii, 35, t. 129. Cespitose-procumbent or de- pressed, glabrous, the flowering branches 1-5 inches long: leaves oval or rounded, mostly only half-inch long: pedicels solitary in the axiles, very short, 3-5-bracteolate: corolla depressed-campanulate, little surpassing the calyx: fruit scarlet,:2-3 lines in diameter.. In forests on the high moun- tains, Washington to California and the Rocky Mountains. ‘@. ovatifolia Gray Proc. Am. Acad. xix, 84. Depressed-trailing with ascending branches, with some at length rusty hairs, at least on the calyx: leaves broadly ovate, or even :subcordate, the largest an inch and a half long, serrulate, dark green and shining; corolla campanulate, twice the 418 ERICACEZ ANDROMEDA CASSIOPE length of the calyx-lobes: pedicels solitary in the axils, usually 4-bracteo- late: fruit scarlet. Cascade Mountains, Oregon to Brit. Columbia. * * Corolla ovate or urceolate, 5-toothed : filaments hairy: anthers 4-awned at the summit. 38s G. Shallon Pursh Fl. i, 284, t. 12. (sanaL) Shrubby, 1-6 feet high, with rather stout spreading stems: branches, pedicels and even the corollas glandular-hairy or pubescent: leaves ovate to cordate, often acuminate, strongly serrulate, 1-4 inches long: flowers in open bracteate many-flowered secund razemes, from axillary and terminal chartaceous-scaly buds: ped- icels 2-bracteolate below the middle: corolla urn-shaped, 3-5 lines long, 5-toothed, viscid: fruit black, 3-6 lines in diameter, edible. Very common in forests, Alaska to California. 4 ANDROMEDA L. Sp. 393. Low shrubs with coriaceous, linear or oblong evergreen leaves, and small white to flesh-colored flowers in termina! umbels. Calyx deeply 5-parted, persistent but not becoming fleshy in fruit. Corolla globose-urceolate, 5-toothed, the teeth recurved. Stamens 10, included ; filaments hairy; anthers attached to the filaments at about the middle, ovate, obtuse, the cells opening by large ter- minal pores, each with a recurved awn. Ovary 5-celled. Cap- sule subglobose, 5-angled, the top intruded, loculicidally 5-valved, many-seeded. Placenta borne near the top of the columella, the seeds spreading in all directions. A. polifolia L. 1. c. Stem 6-18 inches high, simple or branched: leaves tirm-coriaceous, glabrous and glaucous, linear to lanceolate-oblong, with strongly revolute margins, white beneath: flowers in a small termin- al umbel: pedicels from the axils of ovate persistent scaly bracts, naked: calyx small, deeply 5-parted, early open; corolla globose-urceolate, 3-4 lines long: anthers short, each cell surmounted it he slender ascending awn: seeds smooth and shining. Wet bogs, northern Washington to Alaska and across the Continent. 5 CASSIOPE D. Don Edinb. New Phil. Journ. xvii, 157. — Fruticulose evergreens with small or minute imbricated or crowded, entire and veinless, often opposite or whorled leaves and solitary flowers nodding on the summits of erect naked pedi- cels.. Calyx ebracteolate, of 4 or 5 imbricated sepals that are thickened at base. Corolla open-campanulate, 4- or 5-lobed or parted. Anthers short, attached nearly by their summits, the cells each opening by a large terminal pore, and tipped by a slender recurved awn. Style thickened at base, or conical Pla- centze many-ovuled, pendulous from the summit of the short columella. Capsule globose or ovoid, dry, loculicidally 4- or 5- valved, the valves 2-cleft. Seeds minute, with a thin close coat. C. Stelleriana DC. Prodr. vii, 610. Diffusely spreading: leaves ob- long-linear, obtuse, widely spreading, flattish, obscurely serrulate, 2-3 lines long: peduncle terminal, very short: corolla 4- or 5-parted: style conical. Washington to Alaska. C. lycopodioides Don 1. c, Stems filiform, very low and creeping: leaves barely a line long, roundish on the back, not ciliate, closely imbri- PHYLLODOCE 7 ERICACE 4 419 BRYANTHUS cated in 4 ranks: pedicels filiform: corolla 5-lobed: style slender, slightly thickened downward. In the Blue Mountains of Oregon to the Aleutian Islands and Siberia. C. Mertensiana Don |. c. Rather stout, with rigid ascending stems and fastigiate branches, a foot or less high: leaves 1-2 lines long, glabrous, carinate and not furrowed on the back, imbricated in four ranks: pedicels rather short: corolla 5-lobed: style slender, slightly thickened downward. On the highest mountains, California to Alaska and the Rocky Mountains. C. tetfagona Don |. c. Stems erct or ascending 4-12 inches high, with fastigiate branches: leaves 1-2 lines long, thick and with a deep fur- row on the back, imbricated in four ranks, often pubescent when young: flowers sometimes four-merous: peduncles 5-12 lines long: style slender, slightly thickened below. Higher parts of.the Cascade Mountains in Oregon to the Arctic regions and across the Continent. Tribe 3, Rhodorex Don. Corolla deciduous, its lobes or petals imbricated in the bud. Anthers without awns or appendages. Stig- ma not rarely surrounded by a ring or border. Frutt a septicidal capsule: the valves (in ours) in dehiscence separating from the per- sistent placentiferous columella. * Anthers opening by a pore or chink at the apex of each cell. + Flowers from the axils of coriaceo-foliaceous persistent bracts, or rarely from those of ordinary leaves. Corolla gamopetalous. Filaments and, style filiform. Capsule globular, 4- or 5-valved from above. | 6 PHYLLODOCE Salisb. Parad. Lond. t. 36. Low branching more or less glandular shrubs with small linear evergreen leaves and white to purple or blue flowers in terminal umbels. Pedicels bracted at the base. Calyx 5-parted, persist- ent. Corolla ovoid, contracted at the throat, 5-toothed, Stam- ens 10, included: filaments filiform; anthers attached by their backs, oblong, obtuse, the cells opening by terminal oblique chinks. Ovary 5-celled ; ovules numerous ; style filiform, included ; stigma obscurely 5-lobed or, capitate. Capsule subglobose or globose- oblong, 5-valved to about the middle. Seeds minute, the testa coriaceous. . P. glandulifiora. Bryanthus glanduliflorus Gray. Stems rather rig- id, fastigiately branched, 3-12 inches high: leaves numerous and crowded but somewhat spreading, linear-oblong, obtuse, 3-6 lines long, thick, with a white line through the centre below and a deep furrow above, narrowed at base to a short petiole, the margins thick and scabrous: pedicels 6-12 lines long, glandular-hirsute: sepals lanceolate, acutish to acuminate 2 lines long, glandular-hirsute: corolla yellowish, ovoid, 3-4 lines long, the short lobes glabrous. On rocky banks and cliffs near perpetual snow, Oregon to Alaska and the Rocky Mountains. 7 BRYANTHUS Gmel. Fi. Siber. iv, 132. Small evergreen shrubs with much crowded, linear alternate leaves and showy rose-color to purple flowers umbellate or racem- ose-crowded at the ends of the branches, Calyx 4—6-toothed or 420 ERICACE KALMIA | MENZIESIA parted, persistent Corolla campanulate, 4—6-lobed, the lobes short, recurved, simply imbricated in bud. Stamens 8-12: fil- aments filiform: anthers oblong, opening by oblique chinks at the top. Capsule subglobose, 4--6-celled. Seeds small, with a firm coat. | | B. empetriformis Gray Proc. Am. Acad. vii, 377. Densely much branched from the base, 1-2 feet high, often forming clumps 1-3 feet in diameter: leaves 3-7 lines long, with strongly revolute thickened and rough margins: pedicels several, somewhat umbellate, subtended by foliaceous and rigid bracts: corolla rose-color, 2-4 lines long, campanulate, barely 5-lobed, the lobes much shorter than the tube: stamens included. On the highest mountains, northern California to Vancouver Island and the Rocky Mountains. 8 KALMIA L. Gen. n. 545, Shrubs with entire evergreen coriaceous leaves and umbellate clustered or rarely scattered showy flowers. Calyx 5-parted or of 5 sepals, imbricated in the bud. Corolla saucer-shaped, with a short narrow tube, 5-lobed and 10-saccate below the limb, which is strongly 10-carinate in the bud from the pouches upward, the salient keels running to the summit of the lobes and sinuses, the limb imbricated in the bud. Stamens 10; the short anthers free and on erect filaments in the early bud, in the full grown bud received in the pouches of the corolla and the filaments bent over as the corolla enlarges and still more when it expands, straight- ening elastically and incurving when disengaged, thereby throw- ing out the pollen. . Anther-cells opening by a large pore; some- times extending intoachink. Stigma depressed. Capsule glob- ular, 5-celled, tardily septicidal. Placentz pendulous or porrect from the upper part of the small columella. Seeds with a thin and mostly close coat. K. glauca Ait. Hort. Kew. ii, 64, t. 8. Shreab 6-18 inches high: glabrous throughout and mostly glaucous: leaves all opposite, or rarely in threes, almost sessile, ovate to linear-oblong, or appearing narrower by the usually strong revolution of the margins, dark green above, glaucous white beneath, 6-20 lines long: flowers in terminal fascicles, lilac-purple, 6-8 lines in diameter; bracts large ; sepals ovate, scarious-margined, much im- bricated, persistent. In marshes near the coast, Oregon to Alaska and across the Continent. Var. microphylla Hook. FI. ii, 41. Stems 6-12 inches high: leaves oval barely half-inch long: flowers only 2-6 in the clusters, smaller. High mountain marshes, California to Brit. Columbia. + + Buds scaly-strobilaceous; the thin or scarious scales cadu- cous or deciduous. Calyx often much reduced or obsolete. Corolla gamopetalous. Capsule 4- or 5-valved from apex to base. Seeds mostly scobiform, having the loose coat produced or appendaged at both ends. 9 MENZIESIA Smith Incon. Ined. iii. t.” 36, Shrubs with alternate deciduous leaves and small, mostly dull- | _MENZIESIA ERICACE 421 AZALEASTRUM colored flowers on nodding pedicels, developed at the same time as the leaves from separate strobilaceous buds that terminate the branches of the preceding year. Calyx bristly-hirsute, usually 4-lobed. Corolla from globular-urceolate to cylindraceous, 4-tooth- ed or lobed. Stamens not exserted, usually 8: filaments subulate : anthers mostly linear-sagittate, the cells opening by an oblique pore or short chink. Style not exserted: stigma truncate. Cap- sule short. Placentz attached to the whole length of the short columella. , M. ferruginea Smith 1. c. Erect straggling shrub 6-8 feet high with strigose chaffy ferruginous scales on the young parts: leaves oblong or lance- olate-obovate, acute or acutish at both ends, prominently glandular, mu- cronate, ciliate with glandular bristles, rusty strigose-hirsute above, merely pale beneath: pedicels bristly-glandular: corolla oblong-ovate, becoming cy]- indraceous: filaments glabrous: capsule ovate: seeds merely apiculate, or very short taied. In the high mountains and along the coast; Oregon to Alaka. M. glabella Gray Syn. FI. ii, 39. Erect shrub 6-8 feet high, without strigose chaffy scales, or very few on the young petioles and midrib beneath: leaves obovate, mostly obtuse, barely mucronate-tipped, glaucescent and glabrous or nearly so beneath, sprinkled with some small appressed hairs above, an inch long, the obscurely serrulate margins minutely ciliolate: pedi- cels naked or somewhat glandular: corolla ovoid-campanulate: filaments more or less ciliate below: capsule oblong or ovoid, erect, smooth and naked or nearly so: seeds with appendages at each end as long as the nucleus. In damp forests, Oregon to Brit. Columbia and east to Lake Superior, 10 AZALEASTRUM RHODODENDRON § AZALEASTRUM Maxim. Shrubs with thin deciduous leaves, and rather large white or light-colored flowers. Inflorescence lateral, the flowers from. separate 1-3-flowered lateral buds below the leaves. Bud-scales caducous. Calyx 5-parted, the divisions more or less. foliaceous, persistent. Corolla almost rotate, regular. 5-lobed. Stamens 10, not declined: filaments filiform: anthers erect, opening by a hole at the apex of each cell. Style filiform: stigma capitate. Capsule 5-valved from the summit. Seeds numerous and small, with a loose chaff-like coat. Ar 3 A. albiflorum. Rhododendron albiflorum Hook. Stems erect, 2-6 feet high with slender branches, pubescent with slender straight or silky and some short glandular hairs when young, nearly glabrous in age: leaves mem- branaceous, oblong or narrower, obscurely undulate, 1-2 inches long, pale green: flowers 1-3 im the fascicles, nodding on short pedicels; sepals oblong. obtuse, 8-4 lines long, somewhat foliaceous: corolla open-campanulate, 8-10 lines long, 5-lobed, bright white: filaments bearded at base: stigma peltate, 5-lobed : capsule ovoid, 3-4 lines long. On the highest mountains of northern Oregon to Brit. Columbia and the Rocky Mountains. 11 AZALEA L. Gen. n. 212. Erect branching shrubs with alternate thin deciduous leayes, and large flowers in terminal umbels developed from scaly buds that terminate the growth of the previous year and surrounded at 422 ERICACEA AZALEA RHODODENDRON the base by lateral and smaller leaf-buds. Bud-scales and bracts caducous or early deciduous. Calyx small or minute, 5-parted. Corolla funnelform, glandular-viscid outside, with narrow tube and 5-lobed, often more or less 2-lipped limb. ‘Stamens 5, rarely 10, exserted, usually declined: anthers attached to the filaments by their backs, the cells opening by terminal pores. Style slen- der, declined exserted. Ovary 5-celled, many-ovuled. Capsule oblong or narrower, 5-valved from the summit. Seeds minute, with a loose chaff-like coat. A. occidentalis T. & G. Pacif. R. Rep. iv. 116. Rhododendron occi- dentale Gray. Stems erect, 2-10 feet high, much branched: leaves obovate- - oblong, nearly or quite glabrous at maturity but minutely ciliate, bright green and shining above, paler beneath, 1-2 inches long, tapering below to a short petiole, tipped with ashort red gland: calyx 5-lobed, the oblong or ovate lobes glandular and ciliate, about a line long, corolla cream-white with orange stripes, 2 inches long, with conspicuous funnelform tube, slightly irregular limb and acute lobes, glandular-viscid outside: stamens 5, exserted and declined: filaments hairy below; style long-exserted, curved upward; capsule oblong, 8-12'lines'long. About springs and along streams, south- western Oregon and California. . ite 12 RHODODENDRON L, Gen. n. 548. Shrubs or small trees with alternate evergreen coriaceous leaves and mostly large showy white to rose-colored or purple flowers in terminal umbels or corymbs from scaly buds, the thin scales de- ciduous when the flowers open. Calyx small or minute, 5-lobed or 5-parted, persistent. Corolla campanulate, 5-lobed, nearly regular. Stamens usually 10, little exserted declined or equally spreading: anthers erect, attached by their backs, the cells open- ing by terminal pores. Capsule short or elongated, mostly woody, 5-20-valved from the summit. Seeds very numerous and small, with a loose chaff-like coat. R. Californicum Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4863. Stems 3-12 feet high, with stout erect “branches, glabrous: leaves broadly oblong, 3-6 inches long, dark green and shining above: flowers very numerous in the fascicles: calyx minute, slightly 5-lobed: corollas large and showy, rose-color, a little irregu- lar, broadly campanuldte more than an inch in diameter, the 5 broad lobes undulate: stamens 10, not exserted, ovary rusty-hirsute: capsule 10-18 lines long. On mountains and along the coast, California to, Brit. Columbia. R. macrophyllum Don Syst. iii, 848. ‘‘ Shrub 10 to 15 feet high: leaves oblong, acute at both ends, 5 to 8 inches in length, thinnish: corolla white, less than an inch long: its lobes oblong: ovary bristly hirsute. Woods, Puget Sound Washington to Brit. Columbia.’ + + +~ Corolla polypetalous or very nearly so. Filaments fili- form. Placentz borne on the swmmit of the persistent columella. Seed scobiform or linear. 13 LEDUM L. Gen. n. 546. Low shrubs with alternate persistent, more or less resinous- dotted slightly fragrant leaves, and fascicles of white flowers de- LEDUM ERICACE 423 CLADOTHA MNUS veloped from separate mostly terminal buds with well imbricated caducous scales and bracts. Calyx 5-lobed or 5-parted, persistent. Petals 5, widely spreading. Stamens 4-10: filaments filiform : cells of the anthers opening by terminal pores. Style filiform, . persistent. Pedicels recurved in fruit. Capsule oval or oblong, septicidally 5-valved from the bas> upward : placentse pendulous, Seeds slender, with a loose coat. : * Leaves densely tomentose beneath, the wool soon ferruginous and the margins strongly revolute: inflorescence all terminal. L. Grenlandicum (der Fl. Dan. t. 567. L. latifolium Ait. Stems erect or ascending, 1-4 feet high, the branchlets rusty-tomentose: leaves ob - long, obtuse, 1-2 inches long, green an1 slightly rugose above: flowers 4-5 lines broad, umbellate or short-corymbose, numerous: pedicels brgwn-canes- cent, 10-12 lines long, recurved in fruit: stamens 5-7,: capsule oblong, canes- cent, 3-4 lines long. In cold marshes, northwest Washington to Alaska and across the Continent. * * Leaves glabrous both sides: inflorescence terminal or sometimes lateral, | L. glandulosum Nutt: Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. viii. 270. Stout, 2-6 feet high: leaves oblong or oval, 1-2 inches long, green above, white and resinous atomiferous beneath: inflorescence often compound and crowded: _ flowers numerous, white, 3-4 lines in diameter: calyx 5-parted : capsule oval, -retuse. In wet places, California to Brit, Columbia and the Rocky Mountains. * * Leaves entire. No thin-scaly strobilaceous buds. Corolla of distinct petals or 5-cleft.. Anthers opening longitudinally from the apex nearly or quite to the base of the cells, or by terminal pores. Capsule 2-5-valved from above. | 14 CLADOTHAMNUS. Bong. Veg. Sitk. 37, t. 1. Erect branching shrubs with alternate deciduous leaves and solitary terminal or axillary reddish flowers from leafy shoots of the season. Sepals 5, somewhat foliaceous, as long as the five spreading petals, persistent. Stamens 10: ‘filaments dilated below: anthers oblong, opening longitudinally from the apex nearly or quite to the base of the cells. Style long, declined and incurved, thickened at the apex, and annulate around the discoid stigma. _ Capsule depressed-globose, 5—6-celled ; septicidally 5-valved from above, many-seeded. Seeds oval, with a loose cellular coat. ? C. campanulatus Greene Eryth. iii, 65. ‘‘ Shrub 4 to 5 feet high, . with few. and stoutish ascending branches: leaves lanceolate, 1 to 3 inches long, tapering to a short petiole which, together with the veins beneath, is -more or less strigose-hirsute with red hairs: flowers solitary or in pairs or in threes, from lateral buds, on pedicels 44 inch long, these setose-hispid with red hairs: sepals ovate-oblong, densely ciliate with short gland-tipped hairs: corolla light salmon-color, campanulate, the petals joined together at base into a short tube; anthers opening only by a pair of large round terminal pores. High mountains of Washington and British Columbia; hitherto coufused with the typical species, which belongs to Alaska.’’ , Orper LV a. PYROLACEA Agardh Cl. Pl. 18, Low mostly evergreen perennials with petioled leaves, and 424 ‘ PYROLACEZ PYROLA white pink or red, perfect and nearly regular flowers solitary or in racemes or corymbs. Calyx 4- or 5-lobed. Corolla very deeply 4- or 5-parted, or of 5 petals. Stamens twice as manj as the divisions of the corolla. Anthers introrse in the bud, inverted when mature, opening by pores or short slits. Pol- len of 4 united grains. Ovary superior, 4- or 5-celled. Style short or slender, often declined. Ovules very numerous, anat- ropous. Fruit a loculicidally dehiscent capsule. Seeds min- ute, with a loose cellular coat much larger than the nucleus. 1 Pyrola Flowers several or numerous, racemose on a scape-like pedun- cle: style long and usually declined. 2 Moneses Flower solitary, on a scape: style long and straight. 3 Chimaphila Flowers few to numerous, in a corymb or umbel ona leafy stem. 1 PYROLA L. Gen. n. 554. Acaulescent or subcaulescent perennials with all radical ever- green leaves and rather small white, greenish, or red flowers in racemes on simple scaly-bracted scapes. Calyx 5-parted, persis- tent. Petals 5, concave, or incurved and more or less converging, sessile and deciduous. Stamens 10, declined. or straight. and connivent : filaments subulate, glabrous: anthers erect in the bud, emarginate or 2-beaked at the base, mostly reversed at maturity, each cell opening by a basal but apparently apical pore. Style straight or declined: stigma annulate, 5-lobed or 5-toothed Cap- sule subglobose, the apex and base intruded, 5-lobed, 5-celled, loculicidally 5-valved from the base, the valves woolly on the margins when opening. | P. minor L. Sp. 396. Scapes 6-10 inches high, 7-16 flowered: leaves orbicular to oval, rather thin, obscurely serrulate or crenulate, 9-18 lines long, rounded or slightly narrowed or subcordate at base: pedicels recurved, rather crowded: flowers white or pinkish, 3-4 lines broad: calyx-lobes mostly triangular-ovate and acute: petals orbicular, naked at the base, globose- connivent: stamens equally connivent around the pistil: anthers not narrow- ed below the openings: style straight,much shorter than the ovary, included: stigma large, peltate, obgeurely 5-lobed. In the Cascade mountains of Ore-' gon to Alaska and across the Continent. P. secunda L. Sp. 396: Somewhat caulescent from a branching base: scape-like peduncles slender, 4-10 inches high: leaves ovate to oval, mostly thin, acute, or rarely obtuse at the apex, rounded or narrowed at the base: crenulate-serrate, 1-2 inches long; flowers numerous, in a secund raceme: - pedicels at first merely spreading, in fruit recurved: petals greenish, with a pair of glands at the base of each, campanulate-connivent: stamens equally connivent around the pistil; anthers not narrowed below the openidgs: style, straight, as long or longer than the petals; stigma peltate, 4-lobed, the lobes at length radiately projecting beyond the border. In mountainous districts, California to Alaska and across the Continent. Europe and Japan. P. chlorantha Swartz Act. Holm. 1810, 190, t..5. Scapes 6-12 inches high, 3-10-flowered: leaves small, 6-12 lines in diameter, orbicular or nearly so, coriaceous, not shining, shorter than their petioles: flowers nodding, 6-7 PYROLA PYROLACEZ 425 MONESES ; lines broad; calyx-lobes short, ovate, or triangular-ovate, acute or obtuse: pet- als very obtuse, greenish-white: stamens declined; anthers distinctly contract- ed below the openings, with distinctly beaked tips: style declined, and toward the apex curved upward, longer than the petals. In dry woods, Idaho to Brit. Columbia and the northern States. P. elliptica Nutt. Gen. i, 273. Scapes 6-10 inches high, loosely 7-16- flowered : leaves elliptic to oval, 1-2 inches long, acute or merely roundish at base, plicate-crenulate with very low teeth, membranaceous, dark green, longer than their petioles: calyx-lobes ovate-triangular, acute or acuminate, about one fourth as long as the greenish-white, obtuse petals: stamens declin- ed: anther-tips hardly if at all beaked: style declined, and toward the apex curved upward, exserted. In rich, mostly dry woods, Idaho to Brit. Colum- bia and the eastern States. P. rotundifolia L. Sp. 396. Scapes 6-20 inches high, several to many-flowered, scaly-bracteate: leaves orbicular er broadly oval, 1-2 inches long, obscurely crenulate or entire, shining above, coriaceous, mostly shorter than the petioles: bracts lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate: calyx-lobes lanceo- late or ovate-lanceolate, lax or with spreading tips, usually half as long as the white or flesh-colored obtuse petals: stamens declined; anthers with long cells, contracted into a very short neck under the openings, the mucro at base very short or obsolete; style declined and exserted. In dry woods, California to Alaska and the eastern States. Var. inearnata DC. Prodr. vii. 773. ‘A rather small form : flowers from flesh-color to rose-purple: calyx-lobes triangular-lanceolate.’’ Bogs, Idaho to Alaska and northern New England. P. bracteata Hook. Fl. ii 49. Scapes 10-16 inches high, usually many-flowered, scaly-bracteate: leaves oval to ovate or oblong. acutish, not shining above, often variegated with whitish bands, 1-3 inches long, on slender petioles: bracts broadly lanceolate, acuminate, large and con- spicuous: calyx-lobes acuminate-lanceolate, more than half as long as the red petals: stamens declined ; anthers with long cells contracted under the openings into a short neck: style declined, exserted. In wet places in the -mountains, California to Brit. Columbia. P. picta Smith Rees Cycl. xxix. Scapes 6-12 inches high, 7-16-flow- ‘ered: leaves firm-coriaceous, dull-colored or whitish, commonly veined or blotched with white above, pale or sometimes purplish beneath, 1-3 inches ong, from broadly ovate to spatulate or narrowly oblong, the blades all longer t han their petioles: rootstock rigid and often branched or clustered : bracts few and short: calyx-lobes ovate, not half the length of the greenish- white petals: stamens little if at all declined: anthers with a distinct neck under the orifice: style strongly declined. Under Pine trees in sparsely wooded districts, Nootka Sound to California, Idaho, Wyoming and Utah. RP. aphylia Smith l.c. Scapes 8-12 inches high, strictly erect, reddish or lurid, from deep scaly-toothed branched rootstocks, usually leafless, several to many-flowered: bracts subulate: calyx-lobes ovate, acute, very much shorter than the obovate whitish petals: stamens but slightly if at all declined: anthers tubular-beaked under the orifice: style almost straight, strongly declined. In coniferous woods, Alaska to California. . War. paucifolia. With or without one or two small orbicular leaves _at base: bracts larger, broadly lanceolate. In dense forests of the Cascade Mountains. 2 MONESES Salisb. in 8. F. Gray Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. ii, 403. A low perennial with opposite or verticillate evergreen leaves -and a solitary drooping white or pink flower at the summit of a 426 ; PYROLACEZ MONESES CHIMAPHILA slender scape. Calyx 4-5-parted, persistent. Petals 4 or 5, widely spreading, sessile. Stamens 8 or 10, glabrous: anthers 2-beaked at the base, reversed when mature, each cell opening by a basal but apparently apical pore. Style straight: stigma pel- tate, large, with 4 or 5 narrow lobes. Capsule subglobose, 4-5- lobed, 4—5-celled, loculicidally 4—5-valved from the summit; the valves glabrous on the margins. Seeds numerous, minute, the testa reticulated, produced at both ends. a: M. uniflora Gray Man. 273. Stem very short and decumbent, leafy: leaves orbicular to ovate, petioled, serrulate, 6-20 lines long: scape 2-6 inches high: flower white to rose-color, 6-10 lines broad : calyx lolios ovate, | obtuse, about one-fifth the length of the broadly ovate or orbicular petals: capsule erect, 3-4 linesin diameter. In forests, Oregon to Alaska and across the Continent. Europe and Asia. 3 CHIMAPHILA Pursh FI. i, 279. Low perennials with opposite or verticillate evergreen leaves and spreading or nodding white or purplish flowers in terminal corymbs. Calyx 5-parted or 5-cleft, persistent. Petals 5, con- cave, sessile, spreading or recurved. Stamens 10; filaments short, dilated, and mostly hairy in the middle; cells of the anthers oblong, with a short narrow neck. Style very short, obconic, immersed in the umbilicate summit of the globose ovary : stigma orbicular-peltate, barely 5-crenate. Capsule erect, globose, 5-lob- ed, 5-celled, loculicidally 5-valved’ from the top, the valves not woolly on the margins. Seeds very numerous, the testa reticu- lated, produced at both ends. | C. umbellata Nutt. Gen. i, 274. Stem stout, 4-12 inches high,very leafy, often branched: leaves cuneate-oblanceolate with tapering base, sharply serrate, not spotted, bright green and shining, 1-3 inches long: flowers several, umbellate or subcorymbose, white or pinkish: bracts nar- row, deciduous: filaments hairy on the margins only. In dry woods, California to Alaska and across the Continent. | t: C. Menziesii Spreng. Syst. ii, 317. Slender, 3-10 inches high, spar- ingly branched from the base: leaves from ovate to oblong-lanceolate, acute at both ends, small, sharply serrate, the upper surface often mottled with white: peduncle 1-3-flowered: bracts ovate or roundish: filaments slender, with a round dilated portion in the middle villous: flowers about half-inch in diameter; petals dull white. In forests, California to Brit. Col. OrDER LVI. MONOTROPACE A Lindl. Nat. Syst. ed. 2, 219°, Leafless fleshy herbs with the flowers in spikes, racemes, capitate, or solitary. Flowers regular and perfect. Calyx of 2-6 erect lobes or segments or imbricated sepals, free from the. ovary. Corolla 4--5-lobed, or of 3-6 petals, rarely wanting, imbricated. Stamens 6-12, hypogynous: filaments equal, dis- tinct, or connate at base: mikien 2-celled, or confluently 1- celled, attached to the filaments by the back or base, opening by longitudinal slits: pollen grains simple. Style short or longated: stigma capitate or peltate. Ovary superior, 4-6- ALLOTROPA MONOTROPACEZ 427 PTEROSPORA tobed, 1-6-celled; with the placentz projecting from a central columella, or parietal and 2-lamellate: ovules numerous, anatro- ous. Fruit a loculicidally 4-6-valved many-seeded capsule. eeds minute, the testa reticulated. TRIBE 1. Ovary 4—5-celled, with the placentz on a thick central columella. : | 1 Allotropa’ Calyx of 5 roundish marcescent sepals, corolla wanting. 2 Pterospora Calyx deeply 5-parted: corolla globular-urceolate. 3 Sarcodes Calyx of 5 erect persistent sepals: corolla cylindraceous- campanulate. 4 Monotropa Calyx of 2-4 deciduous sepals: petals 5-6, not saccate at base, tardily deciduous. 5 Eryn Sepals 3-5, commonly as many as petals: petals saccate at base. : TRIBE I. Ovary 1-celled or spuriously 4—5-celled ; the 4 or 5 placente parietal and 2-lamellate. 6 Pleuricospora Calyx complete, of 4 or 5 scale-like fimbriate-laciniate sepals: corolla of 4 or 5 plain petals: ovary strictly 1-celled. 6 Newberrya Calyx incomplete, of 2 bract-like entire sepals: corolla tubular-urceolate 4-5-lobed, marcescent: ovary spuriously 5-celled. Tribe I Eumonotropex Gray Syn. Fl. it, 18. Ovary 5-celled, or so- metimes 4-celled, the placentzx projecting from a thick central columella. 1 ALLOTROPA T. & G. Bot. Wilkes 385. Scapose red or whitish scaly-bracted herbs with numerous small flowers in a virgate spike. Calyx of 5 rounded sepals, marces- cent under the capsule. Corolla none. Stamens 10:. anthers didymous on long and slender filaments, extrorse in the bud, be- coming introrsely pendulous; cells opening by a chink from the apparent apex to. the middle. Style short ; stigma peltate-capitate. Capsule globose, very many-seeded. Seeds minute, scobiform, the loose coat produced at both ends’ A single known species. A. virgata T. & G. |. c. Stems several from a deep-seated perennial rootstock, 6-12 inches high or more, deep red or yellowish, thick and den- sely scaly at base, more sparingly scaly above; lower scales ovate, acumin- ate, the upper lanceolate passing into the linear bracts of the virgate many-flowered spike: pedicels erect or spreading, 2-bracteolate: calyx erosely dentate, shorter than the filaments. On dry wooded ridges of the Cascade Mountains, Washington to California. PTEROSPORA Nutt. Gen. i, 269. Tall scapose scaly-bracted plants with red or yellowish flowers ina long raceme. Calyx deeply 5 parted, persistent. Corolla gamopetalous,. globular-urceolate, with 5 short recurved lobes, persistent. stamens 10, not exserted : filaments subulate-filiform: anthers ovate-didymous, introrse, erect or in the bud horizontal- inflexed, attached near the base, there dorsally 2-awned, the 428 MONOTROPACEZE SARCODES MONOTROPA slender awns deflexed, the cells opening lengthwise. Style short: stigma 5-lobed. Capsule depressed-globose, 5-lobed, the thin walls persistent after dehiscence, being attached by the partitions. to the columella. Seeds very numerous, the nucleus ovoid, with a close thin coat, apiculate at both ends, the upper apiculation bearing a broad thin wing. A single known species. P. Andromedea Nutt. 1. c. Stems several from a shallow seated per- ennial root, 1-3 feet high or more, light brown or purplish, glandular and viscid-pubescent throughout, bearing numerous lanceolate or linear scales, and many flowers in a long raceme: pedicels slender, spreading, soon re- curved, 3-10 lines long: sepals oblong, 1-2 lines long: corolla white, 3 lines long, viscid. Under Pines, California to Brit. Columbia and the eastern States. 3 SARCODES Torr. Smithson. Contrib. iii, 17, t.10. Low fleshy plants with numerous scale-like. bracts and many red flowers in a short terminal raceme. Sepals 5, erect, persist- ent. Corolla cylindraceous-campanulate, with 5 barely spreading lobes. Stamens 10, shorter than the corolla; anthers linear-ob- long, erect attached above the base, the 2 cells confluent through- out, the whole apex opening by a large introrsely oblique termin- al pore. Ovary low-conical, 5-lobed. Style columnar, rather long: stigma capitate, somewhat 5-lobed. Capsule depressed, 5-lobed. Seeds very numerous, oval, the coat reticulated, closely fitted to the nucleus except a small conical protuberance at the apex. A single known species S. sanguinea Torr. 1. c. Whole plant bright red: stem stout, 6-12 inches high, thickly clothed with, when young, well imbricated, firm fleshy scales; lower scales ovate; upper narrower and more scattered, and above passing into the linear bracts of the thick raceme which subtend the red - flowers, all ciliate: pedicels erect, the upper ones very short: sepals oblong, 6-8 lines long, ciliate, a little shorter than the glabrous corolla. On the high mountains, of southern Oregon, California and Nevada. 4 MONOTROPA L. Gen. n. 536, in part. Low fleshy plants with many scattered scale-like bracts and a solitary nodding white flower. Calyx of 2-4 irregular sepals, or perhaps bracts, the lower ones rather distant from the flower, de- ciduous. Petals 5, rarely 6, erect, not saccate at base, tardily deciduous. Stamens twice as many as petals: filaments filiform- subulate: anthers somewhat reniform, opening at first by two transverse chinks, at length 2-valved, the valves almost equal, and equally spreading. Style short and thick: stigma funnel- form, with naked edge. Capsule ovoid, erect in fruit. Seeds small, very numerous, scobiform, the nucleus minute in the loose-cellu- lar elongated coat. A single species. M. uniflora’L. Sp. 387. Bright white and glabrous throughout: stems clustered, 6-12 inches high, rising from a thick and matted mass of fibrous - rootlets, 1-flowered, scaly: scales broadly lanceolate, entire: petals 4-6, puberuleut within, 6-10 lines long: filaments pubescent. In damp woods, throughout North America. Japan and India. Se a ee a HYPOPITYS MONOTROPACE 429 PLEUROCOSPORA 5 HYPOPITYS Adans. Fam. Pl. ii, 443. Low fleshy scaly-bracted plants with red or yellow flowers in a_loose terminal raceme. Sepals 3-5, nearly equal, erect, decidu- ous. Petals 4-5, longer than the sepals, saccate at base. erect with spreading tips, deciduous. Stamens 6-10; filaments filiform- subulate ; anthers reniform, the cells completely confluent into one, which opens by very unequal valves, the larger broad and spreading, the other remaining erect and contracted. Style col- umnar: stigma funnelform, glandular or hairy on the margin. Capsule ovoid, the columella thick and fleshy. Seeds very num- erous, small, scobiform ; the nucleus minute in the loose-cellular coat. Only the following species known, H. lutea Dill. Monotropa Hypopitys L. Red yellowish or white stems 6-12 inches high: bracts Bart fanraciate: entire or slightly erose, densely imbricated at the base, scattered above: flowers 3-20, in a loose drooping at length erect raceme, 5-7 lines long, the terminal one 5-merous, the others usually 3-4-merous. In forests, Brit. Columbia to California and the eastern States. Europe and Asia. H. fimbriata. Monotropa fimbriata Gray. Stems 6-12 inches high, red or yellowish, somewhat hairy: upper scales and bracts obovate to cu- neate, erosely or laciniately fimbriate: lateral flowers often 3-petalous and 6-androus: sepals spatulate, laciniate. In forests of the Cascade and Coast Mountains of Oregon. Tribe 2 Plewricosporex Gray Syn. Fl. wi, 18. Ovary 2-celled or spurtously 4-5-celled: the 4 or 5 placentx parietal and 2-lamellate. Disk none or obscure. Anthers linear or oblong, erect, introrse, at- tached by the base to the long and slender filaments, opening longi- tudinally 6 PLEURICOSPORA Gray Proc. Am. Acad vii, 369. Low fleshy white or yellowish herbs with fimbriate scales and petals, and white flowers in a short terminal raceme. Calyx complete, of 4 or 5 scale-like sepals. Corolla of 4 or 5 plain pet- als resembling the sepals. Stamens twice as many as petals: filaments ligulate-filiform: anthers linear, apiculate, the cells opening from base to apex into two equal valves. Ovary strictly one-celled. Style columnar: stigma depressed-capitate, or some- what funnelform. Seeds ovate, with a smooth or polished coat. P. fimbriolata Gray 1. c. Stoutand erect, 3-10 inches high, glabrous or nearly so, clothed with imbricated scales; lowest scales ovate, firm, entire; upper passing into the narrower and lanceolate scarious margined and lacerate fringed bracts of the dense and erect cylindraceous raceme: sepals and petals white, oblong or oblong-lanceolate fimbriate-lacerate, not exceeding the bracts. In the Cascade and Coast Mountains of Oregon and the Sierra Nevadas of California P. longipetala. Stem rather slender, 4-6 inches high: scales well imbricated, lanceolate, more or less acuminate, laciniately toothed: flowers white or yellowish, numerous, in a dense oblong raceme: sepals lanceolate, acute or acuminate, sparingly laciniate-toothed,.about equalling the bracts: 430 ARMERIACE® NEWBERRYA ; ARMERIA petals narrowly spatulate, 6 lines long, much longer than the sepals, the obtuse apex Jaciniately fimbriolate. In dense forests of the Cascade Mountains near the hot springs in Clackamas Co. Oregon. Rare. 7 NEWBERRYA Torr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. viii, 55. Low fleshy erect plants with red or brownish flowers in a ter- minal cluster.. Calyx incomplete, of two bract-like entire sepals. Corolla tubular-urceolate, 4- or 5-lobed, persistent. Stamens twice as many as lobes of the corolla; filaments filiform, long-hairy above the middle; anthers oblong, the cells opening from apex to base into two unequal valves. Ovary ovate, contracted at the apex into a long style: stigma depressed-capitate, umbilicate. Placentze 4, with broad divergent lamellae which meet adjacent edges, ovuliferous both sides, giving the appearance of 4 exterior | cells surrounding a central larger one. N. congesta Torr. l. c. Whole plant brownish. glabrous, 4-8 inches high : scales crowded or loosely imbricated, obtuse, thinnish, with obscurely erose margins; the upper forming similar bracts of the densely crowded glomerule of flowers: lobes of the corolla ovate, one third the length of the cylindraceous or slightly urceolate tube: filaments equalling the slender style: anthers narrowly oblong, the line of dehiscence close to the connec- tive. In the high mountains of Washington to California. OrpER LVII ARMERIACEA Somewhat woody plants with alternate leaves and regular symmetrical 5-merous perlect flowers: chiefly of saline soils. Calyx costate at the sinuses, persistent. Corolla with claws to the nearly distinct petals, or these united into a tube, conyolute or rarely imbricated inthe bud. Stamens as many as divisions of the corolla and opposite to them: the filaments adnate only to their base, or completely hypogynous: anthers 2-celled, opening longitudinally. Disk none. Ovary free, one-celled, with a solitary anatropous ovule pendulous on a slender funic- ulus which rises from the base of the cell. Styles 5, distinct or united. Fruit dry, utricular or achene-like, somewhat dehis- cent by a lid, or by valves. Seed with a straight embryo, and with or without mealy albumen. 1 ARMERIA Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol 333. Acaulescent perennials with narrow persistent leaves in close tufts and naked scapes with a reversed sheath under the compact head of red flowers which are surrounded and subtended by scarious bracts and bractlets. Calyx funnelform, regularly 10- costate at base, the limb scarious, Corolla of 5 nearly distinct long-clawed petals, each with a stamen attached to its base. Styles 5, filiform, united only at the very base, stigmatose above along the inner side. Utricleat length bursting irregularly at the base. A. vulgaris Willd 1. c. Scapes 8-12 inches high: leaves narrowly linear, flat or flattish, 1-3 inches long: bracts very obtuse: calyx at base simply decurrent on the pedicel; the tube 10-nerved, hairy at least on the PRIMULACE 431 stronger nerves or angles; the lobes blunt or cuspidate. Along the coast, California to the Arctic regions and the Atlantic coast. Europe and Asia. OrperR LVIIIT PRIMULACE Vent. Tabl. ii, 285. Herbs with simple leaves and symmetrical flowers. Calyx 4- 8-lobed or 4-8-parted, free, or rarely adnate to the base of the ovary, imbricated in the bud, usually persistent, Corolla hypogynous, except in Samolus in which it coheres below with the base of the ovary, 4-8-lobed or 4-8-parted, rarely none. Stamens as many as the lobes of the corolla and opposite to them, inserted on the tube or base of the corolla, rarely peri- nous: anthers introrse. Ovary one-celled, with a free central placenta. Fruit capsular. Seeds with small straight embryo and copious albumen. Trise 1. Ovary wholly free: ovules amphitropous or half- anatropous. * Scapose or tufted : flowers chiefly 5-merons, umbellate or solitary : capsule dehiscent by valves, at least at the apex. ; + S$tamens connivent in a cone around the pistil, monadelphous. 1 Dodecatheon Corolla 5-parted, its division reflexed : filaments shorter than the anthers. + + Corolla salverform or funnelform: stamens distinct, included, with short filaments,and short and blunt anthers. 2 Primula Corolla with tube surpassing or at least equalling the calyx, and spreading, mostly obcordate or emarginate lobes: capsule many- seeded. 3 Douglasia Corolla with tube equalling or surpassing the calyx, and entire lobes: ovary 5-ovuled: capsule 1-3-seeded. 4 Androsace Corolla short, its tube shorter than the calyx: ovules and seeds numerous or few. * * Leafy stemmed: corolla rotate or somewhat so and the divisions convolute or sometimes involute in the bud, wanting in Glauz. + QOapsules mostly globose, dehiscent vertically by valves, or irregularly. 6 Trientalis Leaves clustered at the summit ofa simple stem: flowers mostly 7-merous: corolla completely rotate, without a tube, deeply parted: filaments long and filiform, united at base into a ring. 6 Steironema Leaves opposite, without dots: flowers 5 merous on slen- der drooping peduncles: corolla rotate, with no proper tube, deeply parted ; the divisions each wrapped aroun 1 a stamen. | 7 Naumburgia Stems leafy throughout, the herbage glandular-dotted : flowers 5-7-merous, on stout axillary peduncles: corolla without prop- er tube, the lobes not wrapped around the stamens. 8 Glaux Stems leafy throughout: flowers solitary in the axils of the op- posite leaves, 5-merous; corolla none: stamens inserted on the base of the calyx. + + Capsule globose, the top falling off as a lid: seeds numerous. ra i PRIMULACE DODECATHEON 9 Anagallis Corolla completely rotate, 5-parted. 10 Centuneulus Corolla with a globular tube and 4-5-lobed limb, short- er than the calyx. TRIBE 11. Ovary connate at base with the base of the calyx. 11 Samolus Leaves alternate: flowers 5-merous: corolla nearly cam- panulate: capsule 5-valved at the apex. Tribe 1 Primulex Endl. Gen. 730. Ovary wholly free: ovules fixed by the middle amphitropous or half anatropous. § Scapigerous or tufted. Flowers chiefly 5-merous, wmbellate or solitary: lobes of the corolla imbricated in bud. Capsule dehiscent by valves sometimes obscurely so. x Stamens connivent in a cone around the style, monadelphous 1 DODECATHEON L. Gen. n, 200. Low acaulescent perennial herbs with entire leaves and few or numerous flowers in an umbel terminating a naked scape. Calyx deeply 5-lobed, the lobes reflexed in flower, erect in fruit. Corolla 5-parted, with very short tube and dilated thickened throat, the long and narrow divisions reflexed. Stamens inserted on the throat of the corolla: filaments short and flat, monadelphous, but separable in age. Style filiform, exserted: stigma small. Pla- centa columnar, many-ovyuled. * Filaments distinct. DD. dentatum Hook. FI. ii, 119. Glabrous throughout: leaves ovate, the blade 2-4 inches long by 1-2 inches broad, irregularly dentate, usually abruptly contracted below toa margined petiole nearly as long as the blade: scapes 4-8 inches long, few-flowered: involucral bracts linear, acuminate: calyx lobes triangular, acuminate, a line or more long: Jobes of the corolla white with two purple spots at the base of each, linear-oblong, obtuse, 4-6 lines long: filaments very short; anthers linear-lanceolate, 2-toothed at the apex, brownish-red: capsule but little longer than the calyx, early opening from the apex by valves: seeds flat. In wet places on the bluffs of the Columbia river, and in Idaho. D. campestrum. Glabrous throughout: leaves oblong, obtuse or acu- tish, 1-2 inches long, tapering below to a broad petiole: scapes 3-6 inches high, 1-3-flowered: involucral bracts lanceolate, acuminate, 1-3 lines long: pedicels 4-6 lines long: calyx-lobes lanceolate, acute, 2 lines long: lobes of the corolla narrowly oblong, abruptly narrowed near the apex, 6-7 lines long, a line or more broad, pink above, with blue centre and white base: filaments very short,: anthers linear-oblong, obtuse, pink with dark pur- ple base: capsule oblong, opening by persistent valves. In prairies on the Klickitat hills, Klickitat Co. Washington. * * Filaments more or less joined together into a tube: + Capsule opening by an operculate tip. D. viviparum Greene Eryth. iii, 38. ‘‘ Rootstock stout, horizontal or ascending short, simple or with a few branches, bearing coarse white fibrous roots beneath, and rather large bulblets above: leaves 6-10 inches long, oblong-lanceolate, tapering to a winged petiole, acute or obtuse at apex, the whole margin coarsely and regularly but not deeply crenate, , DODECATHEON PRIMULACE 433 with a callous point in each sinus, or the crenation reduced to the callous oint only : scapes 10-20 inches high, stout, bearing a many-flowered um- 1: the stoutish pedicels aud deeply parted calyx somewhat glandular- pubescent: flowers deep purple throughout: stamens distinct to the very base : capsule ovate-oblong, coriaceous, circumscissile near the apex, after- wards parting into 10 valyes whose tips are closely recurved. At anda little below the limit of trees on Mount Rainier Washington. ”’ D. tetrandrum Suksdorf, Greene 1. c. 40. Glabrous, or the inflores- cence minutely glandular: leaves spatulate to lanceolate or oblanceolate, 3-12 inches long by 1-2 inches broad, tapering below to 4 winged petiole: scapes stout, 6-20 inches high: umbel few to many-flowered: involucral bracts setaceous: pedicels 1-3 inches long, enlarging at the summit: flow- ers mostly 4-merous: calyx-lobes lanceolate, acuminate, 3 lines long: corolla purplish with a yellow ring near the base, its lobes lanceolate, acute, 6-8 lines long: staminal tube very short; anthers linear-oblong, obtuse, dark purple: capsule surpassing the calyx, circumscissile very near the apex, then splitting into 10 short recurving valves: seeds oblong, flat, with a marginal wing all around. In wet places in the Cascade Mountains. D. Jeffreyi Moore in Van Houtte Fl. des Serres xvi, 99, t. 1662. Glabrous except the hirsute and glandular inflorescence: leaves oblanceo- late, erect, 5-10 inches long, entire, acutish, mucronate: scapes 12-18 inches high: umbel many-flowered: segments of the corolla ample, deep red-purple: stamens dark purple, usually only 4; anthers emarginate: style very distinctly hispidulous: capsule not surpassing the calyx, opening by valves from: the very apex. In wet placesin the mountains of eastern Oregon and California. | D. alpinum Greene 1. c. D. meadia var. alpina Gray. Glabrous throughout: leaves oblong-lanceolate to spatulate, obtuse, 1-3 inches long, tapering below to a short petiole: scape 4-10 inches high 1 to several- flowered : involucral bracts lanceolate, acute, 1-2 lines long: lobes of the calyx about as long as the tube, narrowly lanceolate: corolla-lobes narrowly oblong abruptly contracted near the apex, 6-8 lines long, purple wlth brownish-yellow base: staminal tube very dark,.a line long: anthers ob- jong, often apiculate. On wet banks and margin of lakes, Washington to alifornia. . D. conjugens Greene Eryth. iii, 40. ‘‘ Short crown with a dense fascicle of fleshy fibrous roots that are deciduous from it after the flower- ing,: whole plant glabrous: leaves obovoid and elliptic, 2 to 5 inches long including the distinct petiole, obtuse, entire: scape stoutish 3 to 8 inches high : umbel few-flowered; flowers large, 4-merous, rarely 6-merous: corolla deep purple, varying to rose red and to white: anthers distinct, obtse, the connective lanceolate, acuminate to a linear point, delicately rugulose throughout all but the linear tip: fruit unknown. Dry hills, southeastern Oregon and Montana. | DD. Hendersoni Gray Bot. Gaz, xi, 235. Glabrous throughout or the inflorescence minutely glandular: leaves elliptical to obovate, 1 inch or more long narrowed below toa short petiole: scape 4-16 inches high, rather few- flowered: involucral bracts triangular, acuminate: calyx-lobes triangular, acuminate, twice as long as‘the short tube: corolla-lobes dark purple with yellowish base: staminal tube a line long, dark purple: anthers oblong, obtuse, short-apiculate: capsule ovoid, much longer than the calyx, open- ing by a flat operculum and splitting downward into 10 valves: seeds glob- ular, minutely tuberculate. Common throughout the Willamette Valley and into California. + + Capsule dehiscing by valves from the apex. D. pauciflorum Greene Pitt. ii, 72. Glabrous throughout: leaves 434 ey PRIMULACE 4 DODECATHE N PRIMULA 14-14.as long as the scape: involucral bracts lanceolate: segments of the corolla rich lilac-purpie the undivided part yellow, with a scolloped ring of deep purple midway between the base of the segments and the stamen tube: stamen-tube often nearly as long as the anthers, yellow: anthers purple: capsule crustaceous, 6 lines long, nearly cylindrical, acute, open- ing by 5 short teeth. At middle elevations, eastern Oregon to the Rocky Mountains and New Mexico. D. Cusickii Greene 1. c. More or less pubescent and glandular: leaves broadly to narrowly lanceolate, entire, or dentate toward the apex, usually obtuse, 1-2 inches long, narrowed below to a winged petiole: scapes 3-4 inches high, few-flowered: bracts of the involucre narrowly lanceolate, 1-2 lines long: lobes of the calyx lanceolate, acute, but little longer than the tube: corolla-lobes dark purple with yellow base and a dark purple line at the mouth of the tube: stamen tube less than a line long, almost black : anthers yellow with a black stripe through the centre: capsule ovoid, acute, scarcely surpassing the calyx, 5-valved fot the apex. Dry hillsides, eas- tern Oregon and Brit. Columbia. * * Corolla salverform or funnelform: stamens included, distinct, with short filaments and short blunt anthers. 2 PRIMULA L. Gen. n. 197. Perennial scapose herbs with all radical leaves and large or small flowers umbellate or in involucrate or bracted racemose whorls at the summit of a scape. Calyx tubular, funnelform or campan- late, persistent, often angled, 5-lobed, the lobes imbricated. Co- rolla funnelform or salverform, the tube longer than or at least equalling the calyx. Stamens 5, distinct, inserted on the tube or at the throat of the corolla. Style filiform: stigma capitate. Cap- sule 5-valved at the summit, many-seeded. Seeds peltate: the testa punctate. P. Broadheade Jones Zoe iii, 306. ‘* 2 to 4 inches high; 1 to 4 flow- ered; scape 2 to 4 inches long; leaves 1 to 4inches long, narrowly elliptical rounded at apex, glabrous, rather thick, smooth, entire, narrowed at base to a winged petiole an inch or less long; flowers purple, about 5 lines wide, lobes orbicular or nearly so, notched, with a very short claw 2 lines long, tube exceeding the calyx by 2 lines; funnelform above the calyx; calyx- lobes 144 lines long and subulate lanceolate, barely acute, equalling the tube of the calyx ;lpod nearly spherical; pedicels of the lateral flowers about a line long the terminal one 2 to6 lines long; bracts oblong to ovate lan- ceolate, entire or toothed at apex, 1 to 6 lines long; base of plant covered with the dead sheaths of former leaves. Marshy places at Ketchum Idaho. ”’ Var. .minor Jones1. c. ‘‘ Leaves an inch long or less, elliptical ob- lanceolate and acute, thin: lobes of the corolla as large as the type, but obovate; lobes of the calyx longer than the tube; flowers 1 to 2 on the scape; bracts long; plant 2 inches high. Bayhorse Idaho. P. Cusickiana Gray Syn. Fl. Supp. 399. Leaves oblong-spatulate or narrower, 2inches long, entire, or rarely denticulate: scapes 2-6 inches high, 1-4-flowered: involucre of 2 or 3 conspicuous unequal bracts: calyx green with a whitish line down from the sinuses of the campanulate tube; its lobes from lanceolate to subulate, about the length of the tube and nearly equalling the tube of the corolla: lobes of the corolla retuse. On rocky hillsides, Union Co. Oregon. a eae Ry Pe al Pet * oS { DOUGLASIA - PRIMULACEZ 435 ANDROSACE 38 DOUGLASIA Lindl. in Brande. Journ Sci. 1827. Depressed and tufted little herbs with suff atescent or at least pereistent stems, imbricated or crowded leavis and solitary or somewhat umbellate small flowers. Calyx cam»yanulate, 5-lobed. persistent. Corolla tube equalling or surpassing the calyx, some- what inflated above; the throat more or less contracted and 5- fornicate beneath the sinuses. Stamens included, distinct, with short filaments and blunt anthers. Ovary 5-ovuled: style filiform, Capsule turbinate, 1 cr 2-seeded. - DD... dentata Watson Proc. Am. Acad. xvii, 375. Canescent with a firm mostly dense pubescence: rather stout, branching: leaves rosuiate at the nodes, oblong,, obtusish, mostly with 1-3 blunt teeth on each side to- ward the summit, 4-6 lines long: peduncle an inch long, bearing a simple, few-flowered umbe]; ped'cels very unequal: calyx narrowed at base, 3 lines long in fruit: the acuminate lobes nearly as long as the tube: capsule oblong, slightly stipitate, equalling the calyx-tube. On high ridges, Ya- kima Co. Washington. D. levigata Gray Proc. Am. Acad. xvi, 105. Depressed cespitose : leaves glabrous or with a few minute and scurfy deciduous branched hairs, not at all ciliate, entire, or with 1 or 2 teeth toward the summit, oblong- lanceolate, obtuse, mainly in rosulate-radical or simply proliferous clusters, 2-3 lines long: peduncles short, scurfy-pubescent, 1-5-flowered: bracts of the involucre oval or ovate, short: corolla bright red, its tube almost twice as long as the ovate acute lobes of the calyx. On bluffs along the Colum- bia river from Bridal Veil to near Hood River: blooming in early spring. 4 ANDROSACE Tourn. LL. Gen. n. 196. Small annual or perennial herbs with tufted leaves and small white or pink flowers. Calyx persistent, 5-lobed to 5-parted. Corolla salverform or funnelform; the tube short, not longer than the calyx ; the limb 5-lobed, imbricated in bud. Stamens 5, in- cluded, distinct, with short filaments and short blunt anthers. Style mostly short: stigma capitellate. Capsule short, 5-valved from the apex, few to many-seeded. A... septentrionalis L. Sp. 203. Leaves all rosulate at the summit of the slender annual root, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, narrowed at base’ often into a winged petiole, from irregularly denticulate to laciniate- toothed, 6-12 lines long: scapes usually numerous, 2-10 inches high, sev- eral to many-flowered: bracts of the small involucre subulate: pedicels _ filiform, 1-2 inches long: calyx-tube obpyrimidal, white or reddish, with subulate acute green lobes mostly shorter than the tube and rather shorter than the obovate lobes of the corolla: capsule ovoid, shorterthan the calyx: seeds ovate, flattish. In open places, Brit. Columbia to California and the Rocky Mountains. Europe and the Arctic sea coast. A. filiformis Retz. Obs. ii, 10. ? Annual: leaves ovate, obtuse, nar rowed at base to a winged petiole, entire, 2 lines long: scapes filiform, 1- 10 incbes high: bracts of the involucre minute, subulate: pedicels fili- form, an inch long or less: calyx-tube hemispherical, green, with short triangular lobes: tube of the corolla at length much longer than the calyx; the short ovate lobes closely reflexed: capsule ovoid, much longer than the calyx: seeds globular, minutely tuberculate. Edge of water near Forest Grove Oregon. 436 , PRIMULACEZ TRIENTALIS STEIRONEMA § § Leafy-stemmed. Leaves entire. Corolla rotate or somewhat so; the divisions convolute or sometimes involute in the bud, wanting in Glaua. * Capsule mostly globose, dehiscent longitudi wally oy valves or wrregularly, | 5 TRIENTALIS L. Gen. n. 461 Low and glabrous perennial herbs with a simple stem, simple leaves mostly clus-ered at the summit and white or pink flowers. on filiform pedicels. Flowers 5+7-merous, usually 6-merous. Corolla completely rotate. without a tube, deeply parted, the divi- sions convolute in the bud. Filaments long and slender, united at base into a short ring: anthers linear, recurving -when old. Style filiform. Capsule about 5-valved. Seeds few, rather large, covered with a white cellular-reticulated pellicle, remaining for some time fast on the placenta in a globular mass. T. latifolia Hook. Fl. ii, 121. Stem slender, 2-6 inches high ,from a small subterranean tuber: bracts subulate to lanceolate: leaves from lanceolate to ovate, usually abruptly acuminate, 1-3 inches long, narrowed below to a short petiole: pedicels filitorm shorter than the leaves: calyx- lobes linear-lanceolate, acute or acuminate: corolla-lobes lanceolate, acu- minate one third longer than the calyx. Common in forests, California to Vancouver Island. T. arctica Fischer in Hook. 1. c. JT. Europxa var. arctica Ledeb. Stem very slender, 1-4 inches high, with small scattered obovate leaves below; upper leaves obovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, (-12 lines long: ped- icels filiform, longer than the leaves: lobes of the calyx linear, very acute, 2-3 lines long: lobes of the corolla lanceolate, acuminate and tipped with a slender bristle, nearly twice as long as the calyx. Inhigh mountain marshes and along tne coast, Oregon to Alaska and Behring Straits. 6 STEIRONEMA Raf. Ann, Gen. Phys. vii, 192. Leafy-stemmed perennial herbs with opposite or verticillate simple leaves and axillary yellow flowers nodding on slender pedicles. Flowers 5-merous. Corolla rotate with no proper tube, deeply 5-parted, the sinuses rounded; the divisions ovate, cuspi- date-pointed, each separately involute or convolute around its stamen. Stamens 5, alternating with 5 sterile filaments; distinct or nearly so, inserted on aring at the base of the corolla. Capsule 10-20-seeded. 7 S. ciliatum Raf. 1. c. Glabrous throughout except the petioles: stems erect, 2-4 feet high, mostly simple: leaves ovate-lanceolate to oblong- ovate, gradually acuminate, 2-5 inches long, mostly with rounded or subcordate base, minutely ciliate, membranaceous, pinnately veined; their long peti- oles hirsutely ciliate: calyx-lobes linear-lanceolate, acuminate : lobes of the corolla obovate, obtuse, nearly twice as-long as the calyx, erose-denticulate, 4-6 lines long: capsule longer than the calyx. Low grounds, Oregon to Brit. Columbia and across the Continent. S. levigatum. Stems slender, 1-3 feet high, white and smooth, pan- iculately branched above: leaves lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, all petio ; NAUMBURGIA PRIMULACE . 437 GLUAX late, not at all ciliate except a few hairs at the base of the clasping petiole, the lower ones often subcordate at base: lobes of the calyx lanceolate, acuminate, about 4lines long: lobes of the corolla obovate, but little longer than the calyx. In marshes along the Rogue river near Grant’s Pass Or. 7 NAUMBURGIA Meench Meth. Supp. 32. Erect perennial herbs with opposite entire leaves, the lower re- . duced to scales, and small yellow flowers in short axillary spikes. Calyx 5-7-divided, the sepals linear, slightly imbrieated. Corolla deeply 5-7-parted, with very short tube and narrow segments. Stamens 5-7, 2xserted; filaments slender. glabrous, slightly unit- ed at base, alternating withas many small tooth-like staminoidea at each sinus of the corolla. .Style slender, equalling the stamens: stigma capitate. Capsule 5-7-valved,: few-seeded. N. thyrsiflora Duby in DC. Prodr. viii, 60. Lysimachia thyrsiflora L. Glabrous or becoming so: stem 1-2 feet high, from a slender rootstock : leaves lanceolate, sessile, 1-2 ‘inches long, the lower smaller and the lowest reduced to ovate scales: peduncles from only 2 or 3 pairs of leaves near the middle of the stem, axillary, shorter than the subtending leaf, bearing sev- eral or numeous small flowers in a dense head or oblong spike: lobes of the calyx linear-lanceolate, acute, half as long as the narrow purple-dotted lobes of the corolla: capsule globose, glandular dotted, few-seeded. In wet bogs, Oregon to Alaska and the eastern States. Europe, Asia and Japan. 8 GLAUX Tourn. L. Gen. n. 291. Small leafy-stemmed herbs with opposite entire leaves and small axillary white or pink apetalous flowers. Calyx 5-parted, the lobes petaloid, imbricated in the bud, about as long as the campanulate tube. Stamens 5, inserted at the base of the calyx and alternate with its lobes: filaments subulate-filiform: anthers cordate, attached by their backs to the filaments. Capsule 5- valved at the top, few-seeded. | G. maritima L. Sp. 207. Glabrous and glaucous or pale: stems slen- _ der, 6-12 inches high from slender perennial rootstocks, very leafy: leaves from oval to oblong-linear, 3-6 lines long, entire, sessile: flowers usually in the middle axils only; solitary and very nearly sessile, white or pink: calyx-lobes oval, 1-2 lines long: seeds oblong, brown. In salt marshes, California to Alaska and across the Continent. Europe and Asia. * * Glabrous, capsule circumscissile; the top falling like a lid. Seeds numerous. 9 ANAGALLIS Tourn. L. Gen. n. 206. Low annual or perennial herbs with usually opposite leaves and small red, white or blue axillary flowers. Calyx 5-parted, persistent. Corolla completely rotate, 5-parted, the rounded lobes conyolute in the bud. Stamens 5, inserted on the base of the corolla: filaments bearded or pubescent: anthers broadly oblong. | Style filiform. Capsule globose, many-seeded. Seeds minute, A. arRveENsis L. Sp. 148. Glabrous throughout: stems diffuse, usually much branched, 4-sided, 4-12 inches long from an aunual root: leaves opposite or in threes or sometimes the upper ones alternate, ovate, sessile, 6-12 lines long: flowers scarlet, 2-3 lines broad, solitary, on long filiform 438 : OLEACE CENTUNCULUS : SAMOLUS peduncles that recurve in fruit: lobes of the corolla lanceolate, acute, minutely denticulate or glandular-ciliate, but little longer than the calyx: seeds minute. California to Oregon and the Atlantic States. Naturalized from Europe and Asia. . 10 CENTUNCULUS Dill. L. Gen. n. 145. Low glabrous annuals with mostly alternate leaves and minute solitary flowers in the axils of the middle leaves.” Calyx 4—5-par- — ted into linear acute lobes, longer than the corolla, persistent. Corolla small, with subglobose tube and 4 or 5 acute entire teeth, Stamens 4 or 5; inserted on the throat of the corolla, with distinet short filaments and broadly ovate to cordate obtuse anthers Style filiform : stigma capitate. Seeds minute, numerous. C. minimus L. Sp. 116. Stems ascending, 2-6 inches long, simple or branched: leaves ovate, obovate or spatulate-oblong, tapering at base, 2-3 _ lines long, all but the lowest sessile: flowers 4-5-merous: calyx-lobes lan- ceolate, acuminate, fully aslong as the capsule. In moist places, California and Oregon to Brit. Columbia, Minnesota and Illinois. Europe and 8. Am. Tribe 2 Samolex Endl. Gen. 734. Ovary connate at base with the base of the calyx. Ts 11 SAMOLUS Tourn. L. Gen. n. 222. Low glabrous caulescent herbs with alternate entire leaves and small white flowers in simple or panicled racemes. Flowers 5- merous. Calyx persistent, its tube adnate to the ovary below.. Corolla perigynous, nearly campanulate ; the rounded lobes imbri- cated in the bud. Fertile stamens 5, inserted on the tube of the — corolla; with short filaments and cordate anthers: staminoidea 5, in the sinuses of the corolla, or wanting. Style short or slender: stigma obtuse or capitate. Capsule ovate or globular, 5-valved at the top, many seeded. Seeds minute. S. floribundus H. B. K. Nov. Gen. ii, 224, Stems erect or ascending, 6-18 inches high, diffusely branched, leafy up to the racemes: leaves ob- ovate to spatulate, 1-3 inches long, tapering to a short petiole: flowers usually numerous, less than a line broad, in loose paniculate racemes: pedicels filiform, spreading, 4-12 lines long, bracteolate near the middle: calyx adherent to the middle of the ovary and capsule, the lobes ovate, half as long as tbe short-campanulate corolla: sterile filaments in the sinu- ma yi In wet places, California to Brit. Columbia, Canada, Florida -and Texas. OrpveR LIX OLEACEZ® Lindl. Nat. Syst. Trees or shrubs, rarely almost herbaceous, with colorless bland juice, opposite, rarely alternate, leaves without stipules and perfect or dicecious regular flowers. Flowers gamopetal- ous, 2-4-petalous, apetalous oreven achlamydeous. Stamens 2, sometimes 4, fewer than the parts of the corolla, distinct. Ovary two-celled, with one or two pairs of anatropous ovules in each cell. Style one or none. Fruit a capsule, samara, berry or drupe. Seeds with a rather large embryo in firm fleshy al- | . . . - ‘PRAXINUS APOCYNACE 2 439 bumen, or exalbumenous. Cotyledons flat, or plano-convex. 1 FRAXINUS Tourn, L. Gen. n, 1160. Trees with rather light tough wood, chiefly opposite and odd- pinnate leaves, and small flowers in panicles, appearing with or. before the leaves from separate buds. Flowers diccious or poly- gamous, sometimes perfect. Calyx very small, 4-cleft or irregu- lariy toothed or entire or wanting. Petais, when present, 4, induplicate-valvate in the bud, either separate or united in pairs ‘at the very base, often wanting. Stamens 2, sometimes 3 or 4. Ovary 2-celled, with a pair of ovules at the summit of each cell. Stigma 2-lobed. Fruit an entire dry indehiscent samara, with the wing mainly terminal, and suspended seeds. | : F. Oregana Nutt. Sylv. iii, 59, t. 99. (Orraon Asn.) A tree 20-100. feet high and 1-4 feet in diameter: leaves and young branchlets villous-_ pubescent; leaflets 5-7, lanceolate-oblong to oval, usually acuminate, entire or nearly so, 2-4 inches long, veiny, the upper surface soon glabrous: flowers dicecious ; all with a minute calyx and no petals; staminate panicles dense, with oblong anthers; pistillate in ample, at length rather loose panicles: fruit with nearly clavate and slightly compressed body, the mar-» gined edges gradually widened upward into the oblanceolate, wing, an. inch or more long. By streams and swales, California to Brit. Columbia. Orper LX APOCYNACE: Lindl. Nat. Syst. ed. 2, 299. Perennial herbs, shrubs or trees with mostly acrid milky juice, opposité, verticillate, or alternate entire leaves without. stipules, and perfect regular 5-merous flowers. Calyx free, or in ours adherent to the very base of the ovaries. Corolla convolute and often twisted in the bud. Stamens 5, borne on - the corolla and alternate with its lobes: anthers 2-celled, dis- posed to cohere with the stigma: pollen-grains simple, often glutinous. Ovary of 2 distinct carpels with the styles or stig mas united, or 1l-celled with 2 parietal placentz, or 2-celled. Ovules few to numerous. anatropous or amphitropous.. Seeds often bearing acoma. Embryo large, in sparing albumen. 1 APOCYNUM Tourn. L. Gen. n. 305 Perennial herbs with branching stems, opposite. mucronate tipped leaves and small white or rose-colored flowers in terminal and axillary small cymes. Calyx 5-parted, its short tube co- herent by the disk with the base of the ovaries. Corolla cam- panulate, 5-cleft, toward the base bearing a triangular scale-like appendage opposite each lobe, Stamens borne on the base of the corolla: filaments very ahort: anthers of firm texture, sagit- tate, conniving around the solid stigma, to a ring of which the broad summit of the connective adheres.’ Proper style none. Ovaries two, ovoid, in fruit becoming a pair of long slender folli- cles. Glands 5, around the base of the ovaries. A. androsemifolium L. Sp. 213, Stem erect with divergent branch- 440 ASCLEPIADACE APOCYNUM : ASCLEPIAS es, 6-18 inches high, from deep-seated perennial roots: leaves ovate or roundish, 1-4 inches lung, abruptly and setaceously callous-mucronate, conspicuously petioled, pale and more or less pubescent beneath: flowers very fragrant, in open cymes: pedicels 2-3 lines long, subulate-bracted. at the base; corolla open-campanulate, about 4 lines broad, its tube much longer than the ovate acute lobes of the calyx, its short lobes recurved ; ‘mature follicles 3-5 inches long. In dry open woods, California to Alaska and the eastern States. . Var. pumilum Gray Syn. Fl. ii, 82. Low: leaves roundish. Brit. Columbia to California. . A. cannabinum L. Sp 213.. Stems erect or ascending, 1-6 feet high, with ascending branches, glabrous, or sometimes soft-pubescent, leafy to the top: leaves from oval to oblong or even lanceolate, with ‘rounded or subcordate base, short petioled or sessile 2-6 inches long: cymes erect, densely flowered: corolla greenish-white or slightly flesh-colored its lobes almost erect, the tube not longer than the lanceolate calyx-lobes: follicles slender, 2-3 inches long. Moist meadows, California to Brit. Columbia and the eastern States. OrperR LXI ASCLEPIADACE® Lindl. Nat. Syst. ed. 2, 302. Mostly herbs with milky juice, usually opposite leaves with- out stipules, and regular perfect flowers in terminal or pseudo- axillary or sometimes axillary cymes; often umbelliform. Cal free from the ovary or nearly so, imbricated in the bud. Corolla 5-merous, convolute, or often nearly valvate inthe bud. Stamens 5, borne on the tube of the corolla and alternate with its lobes: anthers surrounding the stigma. Pollen in1 or 2 waxy mass- es, in ours all the pollen in each cellin one mass and attached to the stigmatic disk by the glands that alternate with the anthers. A crown of 5 parts or lobes usually present between the corolla and the mostly monadelphous stamens, and adnate either to the one or the other. Ovary of 2 cells that become follicles, or by abortion, one several to many-seeded follicle. Seeds almost always bearing along and soft coma. Embryo nearly as long as the seed, in mostly thin, cartilaginous albumen. Flowers with a hooded appendage behind each anther. 1 pre wae An incurved horn or projecting crest from the cavity of each hooded appendage. 2 Gomphocarpus Hooded appendages without horns or crests. 1 ASCLEPIAS L. Gen. n. 306. Herbs with erect or merely spreading stems from deep and thickened perennial roots, opposite or sometimes verticillate or alternate leaves and terminal.and lateral umbellate inflorescence. Calyx 5-parted, commonly bearing some minute processes at the base within. Corolla rotate, 5-parted, dextrorsely valvate-con- volute in the bud. Crown consisting of 5 distinct cucullate or hollowed nectariferous appendages, opposite the anthers, that are involute or complicate and bearing a horn or crest-like process from the back or toward the base within, either sessile or elevat- a a a ASCLEPIAS ASCLEPIADACEZ 441 GOMPHOUARPUS ed on a column whichis shorter than the anthers. Anthers tip- ped with an inflexed or sometimes erect membrane; the pollinifer- ous cells lower than the stigma. Pollen masses suspended, attached in pairs to the glands of the stigmatic ring. A. speciosa Torr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. ii, 218. Finely canescent-tomen- tose, rarely glabrous with age: stem stout, 2-6 feet high : leaves from sub- cordate-oval to oe thickish transversely veined, 3-8 inches long, short tioled : peduncles shorter than the leaves : calyx-lobes densely tomentose, anceolate, 2 lines long, closely reflexed : lobes of the corolla oblong, more than twice as long as the calyx, reflexed: hoods 4-6 lines long, spreading, the dilated body and its short inflexed horn not surpassing the anthers, but the centre of its truncate summit abruptly produced into a lanceolate- ligulate thrice longer termination: staminal column hardly any: wings of the anthers notched and obscurely corniculate at base: follicles echinate with soft spinose processes, densely tomentose, 2-4 inches long. Along streams, California to Washington, Nebraska and Arkansas. A. cryptoceras Watson Bot. King 283 t. 28. Glabrous: stemdecum- . bent, 6-10 inches long, simple: leaves 3-4 pairs, rounded-ovate, 1-2 inches long, on very short petioles: umbel solitary and terminal, sessile, few- flowered : corolla-lobes ovate-lanceolate, spreading, greenish-yellow, 5 lines. long: hoods of the crown 3 lines long, equalling the disk, purple, ovate, abruptly pointed with 2 short recurved beaks; horns short, incurved, not at ali oneeteds follicles 1-2 inches long. Eastern Oregon to Utah and Nev. A. Mexicana Cav. Ic. i, 42, t. 58. Glabrous: stems erect, 3-5 feet high : leaves in whorls of 2-6, sometimes also in axillary fascicles, petioled, linear or narrowly lanceolate, 3-6 inches long by 2-6 lines broad: umbels densely flowered: pedicels and flowers softly puberulent: calyx-lobes ovate-lanceolate, reflexed : corolla-lobes oblong, 2 lines long: hoods broadly ovate, entire, shorter than the anthers, exceeded by the stout subulate horn: follicles smooth, narrow, 2-3 inches long. Along streams, Wash- ington to California, Arizona and Nevada. 2 GOMPHOCARPUS R. Br. in Mem. Wern. Soc. i, 37. Our species herbs with erect stems, opposite leaves and num- erous flowers in terminal and axillary umbels. Differing from Aselepias only in not having horns nor crests to the hoods. Calyx 5-parted, the divisions soon reflexed. Corolla rotate, 5- parted, dextrorsely valvate-convolute in the bud, soon reflexed. Crown consisting of 5 distinct cucullate appendages, destitute of crest or horn and more or less elevated on acolumn. Body of the stigma 5-angled. G. cordifolius Gray Bot. Cal. i, 477. Glabrous: stems rather stout, 2-3 feet high : leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, with cordate clasping base, acute, 2-5 inches long: umbels loosely many-flowered: slender pedicels long and filiform, equalling or shorter than the peduncle: calyx villous- ubescent: corolla dark red-purple, the lobes oval or oblong, 3-4 lines long: oods erect on the summit ofthe short column, purplish, thin, ventricose, with dorsally truncate summit, produced at the margins into subulate slender ascending cusps, equalling the anthers, a narrow fissure down the ventral side: follicles ovate-lanceolate, smooth and glabrous, erect on the deflexed pedicel- Ondry hillsides, southern Oregon and California. 442 : GENTIANACEZ MICROCALA OreER LXII GENTIANACEA Dumort. Anal. Fam. 20. Smooth herbs with bitter colorless juice, opposite, rarely alternate or verticillate, leaves without stipules, and perfect regular flowers. Calyx mostly 4—12-lobed or--toothed, often marcescent. Corolla gamopetalous, 4-12-lobed or -toothed, convolute or imbricated and usually twisted in the bud, often. marcescent. Stamens as many as lobes of the corolla, alter-. nate with them, inserted on its tube; the 2-celled anthers: opening longitudinally. Ovary free, one-celled, rarely 2-celled; with two parietal placents, or the whole parietes ovuliferous. Style single, with usually two-lobed or two-lamellate stigma. Capsule dehiscent through the placente. Seeds indefinitely numerous, rarely few. commonly small, anatropous, with a minute embryo in fleshy albumen. 7 SUBORDER I GENTIANEZ Leaves always simple and entire. Lobes of the corolla never valvate in the bud. * Style filiform, usually deciduous from the capsule. 1 Microcala Calyx 4-toothed and 4-angled: anthers cordate-ovate and unchanged in age. 2 Erythrea Calyx 5-parted, or sometimes 4-parted: anthers oblong or linear, twisting spirally in 1 or 2 turns in age. * * Style short or subulate and persistent, or none, + Corolla without nectariferous pits or large glands. 8 Gentiana Corolla funnelform, campanulate orsalverform: seeds very numerous and small. | + + Corolla with 1 or 2 nectariferous pits or spots, or an adnate scale to each lobe.: 4 Swertia Corolla rotate, usually 5-parted: capsule ovate: seeds com- paratively large. ‘ 5 Frasera Corolla rotate, 4-parted: seeds comparatively few and large. SUBORDER 11 MENYANTHE® Leaves often crenate or trifolio- . late, all alternate and petioled. Corolla induplicate-valvate in the bud. . ) 6 Menyanthes Corolla somewhat funnelform or campanulate, 5-cleft. Suborder 1, Gentianew DC. Prodr. ix 38. Leaves always sim- ple and entire, sessile, never alternate except in Swertia. Corolla never valvate in the bud. 1 MICROCALA Link & Hoffm. Fl. Port,,i, 359. Little annuals with opposite entire sessile leaves and yellow flowers. ‘ Calyx 4-toothed and 4-angled. Corolla short-salverform bearing the 4 short stamens in its throat: anthers cordate-ovate, unchanged in age. Style filiform, deciduous: stigma as if com- pressed-capitate but of 2 fan-shaped lobes that are at first con- nivent, but at length separate. Seeds numerous, with close and foveolate coat. | | J MICROCALA GENTIANACE 443 ERYTHR#HA M. quadrangularis Griseb. DC. Prodr. ix, 63. Stem filiform, simple or branched, 2-3 inches high: leaves 2-3 pairs, oval or oblong, 2-3 lines long: flowers solitary at the summit of the stem or branches: calyx at first oblong-campanulate, in fruit broader, truncate at top and bottom, strongly 4-angled; the teeth short and subulate: corolla saffron-yellow, 3 lines long: capsule ovoid. In prairies, Umpqua Valley Oregon to Calif. 2 ERYTHREZA Neck. Elem. ii, 10. Low herbs with sessile entire leaves, and small or middle sized commonly numerous pink white or yellow flowers in cymes or spikes. Flowers 5-merous, sometimes 4-merous. Corolla sal- verform with either a short or rather long tube; the lobes often contorted and becoming narrower with age. Filaments slender. Anthers oblong or linear, commonly exserted, twisting spirally in one or two turns after opening. Style filiform : stigma 2-lobed, the lobes from oblong to fan-shaped. Ovary 1-celled: the pla- centz more or less intruded. Capsule from oblong-ovoid to fusiform, 2-valved. E. Muhlenbergii Griseb. DC. Prodr. ix, 60. ‘‘ A span or less high, at length fastigiately branched from the base, cymosely flowered at sum- mit: leaves oblong, obtuse; the floral lanceolate: pedicels short or hardly any in the forks; the lateral often as long as tbe flower, but 2-bracteolate at summit: lobes of the rose-red corolla oval, very obtuse or retuse, in age merely oblong, 2 or almost 3 lines long, much shorter than the tube: anthers oblong: seeds short-oval. ’’ Western Oregon and California. E. Douglasii- Gray Bot. Cal. i, 480. Stem slender, 6-12 inches high, loosely and paniculately branched usually sparsely flowered: leaves from oblong to linear, mostly acute: flowers all on strict and slender peduncles or pedicels: lobes of the pink corolla ob'ong, obtuse, at most 3 lines long, mostly half the length of the tube: anthers oblong: stigma fan-shaped : seeds globular. In moist places, Oregon and California to Utah and Wyoming. E. Nuttallii Watson Bot. King 276, t, 29. Stem erect, loosely bran- ched, 3-12 inches high: leaves Jinear-oblong, 6-12 lines long, acute: pan- icle dichotomous, few-flowered: flowers on elongated slender peduncles: lobes of the pink corolla elliptic-oblong, 2-3 lines long, acute: stigma somewhat cup-shaped, slightly 2-lobed: capsule 4-7 lines long, becoming peat twice the length of the calyx: seeds oblong. Nevada to Idaho and tah. E. minima. Stem filiform, simple or sparingly branched, 1-2 inches high: leaves lanceolate, acute, 1-3 lines long: flowers racemosely disposed, all pedicellate : lobes of the pink or white corolla lanceolate, acute, 2 lives long, more than half as long as the tube: anthers oblong: lobes of the style fan-shaped seeds globular, strongly pitted. In wet places, throughout western Oregon. E. curvistamenea Wittrock. Stem slender 2-4 inches high, simple or sparingly branched: leaves oblong-lanceolate or the upper ones linear, acute: flowers on long slender pedicels: lobes of the light red corolla linear- lanceolate, 2 lines long, half as long as the tube: summit of the filaments curved downward with the anthers in a tangled mass about the stigma: seeds not seen. Lincoln County Washington. 3 GENTIANA Tourn. L. Gen. n. 322. Erect herbs with chiefly sessile opposite leaves and conspicu- ous flowers that usually open only insunshine. Calyx common- 444 : GENTIANACE 4 GENTIANA ly with a membranous or spathaceous tube. Corolla funnelform or campanulate to salverform or r tate, without pits large glands or scales; the sinuses with or without pleats or appendages. Stamens as many as lobes of the corolla and inserted on its tube, included: anthers connate into a tube or separate, remaining straight after opening. Style very short or none: stigma of two spreading or rarely united lamelle, persistent. Seeds very numerous, often covering the whole inner walls of the thin 2-valved capsule. § 1 GENTIANELLA Gray Syn. FI. ii, 116. Corolla without extended pleats or lobes or teeth at the sinuses. Anthers usually versatile. Stigmas distinct or only causually united. — * Flowers large or middle sized, solitary on a naked peduncle ter- minating the stem or branches, not bracteate at base, mostly 4-mer- ous: corolla campanulate-funnelform, its lobes usually fimbriate or or erose, not crowned: a row of glands alternating with t' e base of the filaments. G. serrata var. holopetala Gray Bot. Cal. i, 481. Slender, 2-16 inches high, with comparatively long peduncles: leaves linear or Janceolate- linear: calyx-lobes ovate-acuminate, acutely carinate, the 2 exterior longer and narrower than the others: corolla an inch or more long, its oblong lobes entire or merely erose-denticulate around the summit: capsule short- stipitate : seeds squamulose-roughened. In the high Sierra Nevada Moun- tains and northward to Oregon. G. simplex Gray Pacif. R. Rep. v, 87, t. 16. Stem 2-10 inches high, simple, bearing 2-4 pairs of lanceolate or linear-oblong leaves 3-9 lines long, and a single blue flower on a slender peduncle: calyx-tube and lobes hardly at all angled or carinate; the lobes nearly equal and similar: corolla an inch long, its oblong-spatulate lobes entire or erose-dentate, and some- times a fringe of a few bristly teeth low down on the sides: capsule raised on a short stipe: seeds smooth but longitudinally striate, narrow, wingless when mature except a cellular appendage at both ends. Higher parts of the Cascade and Sierra Nevada mountains. * * Flowers small, 4-5-merous: corolla somewhat funnelform or salverform when expanded, the lobes entire. G. tenella Rottb. Act. Hafn. x, 486, t. 2, fig.6. ‘‘ An inch to aspan high: leaves (2 to 6 lines long) oblong or the lowest spatulate: calyx deeply 5-( sometimes 4-) parted; the lobes foliaceous, oblong to ovate,: usually unequal: corolla 244 to 4 lines long, double the length of the calyx (more lengthened in fruit), blue; its lobes ovate-oblong, rather obtuse, little shorter than 'the tube: fimbriate crown conspicuous at the throat.” High mountain summits, Idaho to the Rocky Mountains. G. acuta Michx. Fl. i, 177. G. Amarella var. acuta Herder. Stem leafy, slightly wing-angled, simple or branched, 6-20 inches high: lower leaves obovate to spatulate, obtuse, the upper lanceolate, acute or acumin- ate at the apex, rounded or subcordate at base, sessile or somewhat clasp- ing, 6-24 lines long: flowers numerous, racemose-spicate, 5-8 lines high: pedicels 2-6 lines long, leafy-bracted at base: calyx usually almost 5-parted, its lobes lanceolate or linear, equal or one or two of them longer: corolla longer than the calyx, usually blue, its lobes oblong, acute or becoming obtuse: crown in the throat of few setae: capsule sessile. In the high mountains California to Alaska and across the Continent. GENTIANA GENTIANACE 445 G. stricta. G. Amarella var. stricta Watson, Stem strict, 1-4 feet high, with strict branches, remotely ealyis leaves thickish, the cauline lanceolate-linear: flowers numerous, usually 4-merous: calyx deeply cleft, the lobes unequal: corolla whitish, 3-5 lines long, but little longer than the calyx: crown in the throat of few setae or wanting. Mountains of Idaho, Wyoming and Nevada. § 2 PneumonanTHA Neck.. El. ii, 12. Flowers almost always 5-merous. Corolla plicate at the sinuses, the pleats more or less extended into thin-membranaceous teeth or lobes: without crown or glands. Stigmas distinct. Capsule more or less stipitate. * Perennial by offsets or propagula :fleaves marginless: flowers cym- ose: calyx short, §-cleft: anthers oblong-linear, introrse, remaining erect. G. Douglasiana Bong. Veg. Sitka, 38, t, 6. Stem 2-10 inches high, cymosely branched: leaves ovate, the lowest rosulate, the cauline of few remote pairs and somewhat cordate, 2-4 lines long: corolla yellow, 4-6 lines lony, its lobes obleng, shorter than the funnelform tube, not twice as long as the conspicuous and equally broad 2-cleft lobes in the sinuses: capsule stipitate, obovate, two-edged above: seeds elongated-oblong, a line long, apiculate at both ends; coat close. In wet places, Oregon to Alaska. * * Root perennial: flowers comparatively large, mostly short-ped- uncled or sessile, usually two-bracteate below : anthers linear, or oblong, unconnected, seldom connivent, more or less extrorse, remaining erect. + Dwarf; 1-5-flowered: cauline leaves only 2-4 pairs. G. Newhberryi Gray Proc. Am. Acad. xi, 84. ‘ Stems 1-flowered, 2-4 inches long, and ascending from the axils of the rosulate-radical leaves: these obovate or spatulate, an inch or more long; cauline leaves much smaller, connate-sheathing ; the lowest obovate, the uppermost lanceolate : calyx-lobes lanceolate or oblong, nearly the length of the oblong-campanu- late tube: corolla broadly funnelform, inch and a half long, pale blue, white within, greenish dotted; its lobes ovate, mucronate; the interposed - appendages 2-cleft or laciniate, subulate-tipped : seeds round-oval, smooth, broadly winged. Sierra Nevada, California, in or near the alpine region, from Mariposa Co. north to 8. Oregon. + + Low: stems several from the same caudex: cauline leaves 6-16 pairs, more or less connate or even sheathing at base, the uppermost involucrate around the sessile terminal flower or 3-5-flowered cluster. G. bisetwa. Stems decumbent or ascending, 8-16 inches long: leaves rather thick, oval to oblong, or the uppermost lanceolate, all rounded at the apex ; narrowed and connate-sheathing below, about an inch long, the uppermost pair close to the solitary flower: calyx-lobes lanceolate, acute, 4-5 lines long by a line broad, about as long as the tube, strongly nerved: lobes of the blue corolla oblong, acute, not half as long as the campanu- late tube; appendages in the sinuses two setae from a rather broad base: capsules stipitate: seeds oblong, with a broad wing all around, usually widest on one side. In marshes, eastern base of the Coast Mountains near Waldo, Oregon. G. calycosa Griseb. Gent. 251. Stems erect, 6-12 inches high, leaves ovate, 6-15 lines long, commonly equalling or exceeding the internodes, the lowest pairs smaller and with connate-sheathing base, the upper hardly 30; the uppermost involucrate and somewhat exceeding the calyx of the commonly solitary flower: lobes of the calyx ovate or oblong, or even sub- cordate, about as long as the turbinate tube: corolla oblong-funnelform, its appendages in the sinuses triangular-subulate, laciniate or 2-cleft at eee GENTIANACER me tip, shorter than the broadly ovate lobes: seeds lanceolate. acuminate, wingless. On the highest mountains, Washington to California and the Rocky Mountains. G. Parryi Engelm. Trans. Acad. St. Louis ii, 218, t.. 10. Stems numerous from the crown of a somewhat woody root, 10-15 inches high: leaves glaucescent, thickish, ovate, varying to oblong-lanceolate, 9-18 lines long, most of the pairs with somewhat sheathing base; the upper 2 or 3 pairs involucrate around the 1-5 flowers, concealing the calyx and some- times almost equalling the bright blue corolla: lobes of the calyx small, moderately or much shorter than the campanulate tube: appendages in the sinuses of the corolla narrow, deeply 2-cleft, but little shorter than the obovate lobes: seeds lanceolate, wingless, with obutse or acatish edge. Alpine and subalpine in the Cascade and Rocky Mountains. G. Gormani. Stems erect, 10-18 inches high: lowest leaves small, with convate-sheathing base; the middle ones broadly ovate to nearly or- bicular, with very short sheathing base, about an inch long, shorter than the internodes, the uppermost one or two pairs cordate or subcordate and involucrate around the usually solitary flower: calyx-lobes only 2, broadly ovate, acute or acuminate, longer than the tube: corolla bright blue, an inch long, nearly campanulate, its broadly ovate lobes short-acuminate: appendages in the sinuses very short, nearly entire: seeds oblong or lan- Coote apiculate. Moist subalpine meadows, northeastern Washington o Alaska. + + + §tems either tall or low, many-leaved flowers not involu- crate: style manifest. Corolla oblong-campanulate, with broadly, ovate lobes more or less narrowed at base and the intervening plaits entire: calyx lobes usu- ally from ovate to lanceolate, equalling or longer than the tube. G. Menziesii Griseb. Gent. 191. ‘‘Stems a foot or less high slender: leaves from narrowly oblong to lanceolate (inch and a half or less long), somewhat 3-nerved: flowers one or two, short-peduncled or sessile: calyx according to Grisebach spathaceous and the lobes obsolete, in our speci- mens with oblong-lanceolate foliaceous lobes (5 lines long) equalling the turbinate-oblong tube: corolla an inch long; its lobes 3 lines long and wide; its plaits truncate and obscurely -3-crenate: seeds ovate-lanceolate or ob- long, barely acute or both ends obtuse.—Bogs, W. Oregon to Mendocino Co., California.’’ G. sceptrum Griseb 1. c. Stems erect, 2-4 feet high, simple, or short branched above, few to several-flowered: leaves oyate to oblong- lanceolate indistinctly 3-7-nerved: calyx-lobes unequal, lanceolate to ovate-oblong: corolla 1-2 inches long, its lobes nearly 4 lines long and wide, its plaits truncate or with barely rounded entire summit: seeds nar- Aisi Apnegolate with scarious acumination. Western Oregon to British olumbia. G. Orfordii. Stems slender, 1-2 feet high, several from a_ thick per- ennial root: leaves linear-lanceolate, 3 nerved, 1-3 inches long, below re- duced to connate-sheathing bracts: flowers on rather stout peduncles: calyx- lobes linear-lanceolate, acuminate 5-6 lines long, longer than the tube : corolla blue finely specked within, an inch or more long, its short lobes acutish; appendages in the sinuses rounded: seeds minute cylindra- ceous, not appendaged. Port Orford, Oregon, Oct. 1892 Joseph Howell. ++ ++ Corolla funnelform, with ovate lobes not narrowed at base: the plaits extended into conspicuous laciniate-toothed or cleft appenda- ges: margins of the leaves scabrous: seeds surrounded by a distinct and rather broad wing‘ ovate or oblong. BWERTIA ‘GENTIANACEAE 447 FRASERA G. Oregana Engelm. in herb. Stems erect and rather stout, 1-2 feet high: sometimes more slender and ascending: leaves ovate, to ovate-ob- long or lanceolate 1-2 inches long: tlowers few at the summit or sometimes several and racemose-scattered: bracts oblong or ovate: calyx-lobes from oblong to ovate-lanceolate as long as the tube: corolla broadly funnelform eee geen long, its short lobes roundish. Brit. Columbia to California an aho. G. aflinis Griseb. Gent. 191. Stems clustered, 8-12 inches long, mostly ascending: leaves from oblong to lanceolate or linear: flowers from few to numerous and thyrsoid-racemose: bracts lanceolate or linear: lobes of the calyx linear or sabalatd, unequal and variable, the longest rarely equalling the tube, the shorter sometimes minute: corolla an inch or less long, rather narrowly funnelform,.its lobes ovate, acutish or mucronulate-pointed, spreading. Brit. Columbia to California and the Rocky Mountains. G. anisosepala Greene Pitt. iii, 309. ‘‘ Annual, erect, slender, simple, 5-10 inches high, with a few small flowers terminal and in the upper axils: leaves in a few pairs, the lowest obovate, the middle pairs oval, the upper- most cordate-oval, all obtuse, sessile, 44 to more than 34 inch long: the few flowers about 4 lines long; calyx parted almost to the base into 5 narrowly elliptical very acute segments of unequal length, the shortest hardly equal- ling the tube of the corolla, the longest almost equalling the full length of the corolla; corolla broadly funnelform, the segments shorter than the tube, rather obtuse, almost equalled by the longer setae of the crown. Nez Perces Co. Idaho, Heller, July 1896 (n. 3440). ”’ . +- + Calyx 4-5-parted. Corolla with one or two nectariferous pits, or spots or anadnate scale to each lobe. Seeds comparatively large. | 4--SWERTIA L. Gen. n. 321. Simple-stemmed perennial herbs with mostly opposite petioled leaves. and blue or white flowers in summer. Corolla rotate, 5- parted ; the lobes dextrorsely convolute in the bud. Style none or very short: stigma 2-lamellate or 2-lobed. Capsule ovate: the placentz not intruded. S. obtusa Ledeb. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. v, 526. .S. perennis Pall. not of L. ‘‘ A span to a foot or more high: lowest leaves oblong or obovate- spatulate (2 to 4 inches long ), tapering into a long petiole; upper cauline few and narrower, sessile ; some commonly alternate : inflorescence racem- iform or narrowly paniculate, few-many-flowered : flowers 5-merous : sepals narrowly lanceolate: lobes of the corolla ( 4-6 lines long) oblong-ovate becoming lanceolate, the base bearing a pair of nectariferous pits which are crested with a fringe. ° cupaaIaS in the Blue Mountains of Oregon to the Rocky Mountains, Alaska and Siberia. 5 FRASERA Walt. FI. Carol. 87. Smooth herbs with erect stems, opposite or verticillate leaves and numerous flowers in thyrsoid or paniculate cymes. Corolla rotate, 4-parted, the lobes dextrorsely convolute in the bud, bear- ing a single or double fringed gland, and sometimes a fimbriate crown at base. Stamens inserted on the very base of the corolla: filaments subulate, often united at base, occasionally with some interposed small bristles or scales. Ovary ovate, tapering into a distinct and often slender persistent style: stigma small, 2-lobed te GENTIANACE vases or nearly entire. Capsule coriaceous, commonly flattened; the placentae or edyes of the valves not intruded. =Seeds compara- tively few, compressed, commonly smooth and margined. * Leaves marginless: sepals narrow, almost as long as the corolla: corolla with a single round gland upon each lobe; no crown at base: capsule stronzly flattened parallel with the valves: seeds orbicular, wing margined: stem large and stout. ; F. thyrsiflora Hook. Kew Jour. Bot. iii, 288. ‘* Stems 2 or 3 feet high: leaves in pairs or threes, oblong or spatulate-obovate, the cauline 3 or 4 inches long: flowers in a dense interrupted thyrsus: sepals subulate- linear ( 4 lines long ): lobes of the pale blue corolla ovate-oblong, thin, bearing the gland near the base: style short and conical, in some flowers oie any. Idaho and interior of Oregon on the tributaries of the Colum- ia. * * Leaves not margined: sepals linear, equalling the corolla: a pair of oblong glands on each corolla-lobe and a separate crown below them: capsule compressed contrary to the almost conduplicate valves: seeds oblong, flat margined. F. speciosa Dougl. Griseb. Gent. 329. Stem stout, 2-5 feet high, very leafy : leaves in fours and sixes, nervose; the radical and lowest cauline obovate or oblong, 6-10 inches long, the abner lanceolate and at length linear: flowers very numerous in a long leafy thyrsus: the peduncles and slender pedicels at length strict: lobes of the greenish-white or barely blutsh and dark-dotted corolla oblong, acutish, half inch long, bearing the pair ‘of contiguous and densely long-fringed glands about the middle, and a distant transversely inserted and setaceously multifid scale-like crown near the base, usually some minute setza between the bases of the fila- ments: style subulate, shorter than the ovary. Inthe mountains, eastern | Oregon to California, Wyoming and New Mexico. * * * Leaves with cartilaginous white margins, thickish, lanceo'ate or linear and grass-like, merely opposite, the cauline only 3-5 pairs: inflorescence a virgate interrupted thyrsus of 3-7 pairs of sessile or short-peduncled dense cymes, forming a series of glomerate clusters: pedicels very short: sepals subulate-lanceolate, about equalling the oblong or ovate lobes of the blue corolla: fringed glands solitary, elon- gated, extending from the base of the lobe to near the middle, saccate and with a longer and coarser fringe at base: crown staminal, consist- ing of a conspicuously laciniately parted or nearly entire scale between the filaments: style slender, twice the length of the ovary: capsule compressed parallel with the flat or flattish valves, few-seeded: seeds as far as known flat, smooth, acute-angled. F. nitida Benth. Pi. Hartw. 322. Completely glabrous: stems slender, 1-2 feet high, simple: leaves linear-lanceolate; the radical ones 6-8 inches long ; those subtending the upper flower clusters reduced to small bracts: sepals linear-lanceolate, acuminate,, scarcely margined with white, entire: corolla biue, sometimes spotted with greenish dots, the lobes barely acute, bearing an elongated-oblong ‘obtuse gland: thin scales between the fila- ments ovate or oblong-linear, entire or sparingly laciniate, longer than the orary Common from Brit. Columbia to California, east of the Cascade ountains. F. Cusickii Gray Proc. Am. Acad. xxii, 310. Glabrous: stems slen- der, 2-8 inches higi, but little longer than the radical leaves: thyrsus either of s mple glomerules or interrupted spiciform : corolla large; its lobes nearly halfinch long, oval, obtuse: scales between the filaments large, or- bicular, concave. nearly entire, surpassing the ovary. Hillsi‘es ot the FRASERA GENTIANACEZ 449 MENYANTHES _ Grande Ronde Valley, eastern Oregon. F. albicauiis Dougl. Griseb. l.c. Very minutely pruinose-puberulent: stems 10-18 inches high: radical leaves linear-spatulate, 2-4 inches long, attenuate below to a petiole: lobes of the corolla subulate, long acuminate, white margined, entire: lobes of the corolla lanceolate, acuminate: glands linear, closed below into a kind of pocket: scales between the filaments ehrone, laciniately cleft at the summit. Eastern Oregon and Washington to Idaho. Suborder 2. Menyanthex Griseb. Gent. 336. Marsh or aquatic perennials with heterogonous flowers. Leaves all alternate and mostly petioled. Corolla induplicate-valvate in the bud. Seed- coat crustaccous. 6 MENYANTHES Tourn. L. Gen. n. 202. Perennial herbs with chiefly radical leaves, and white flowers on erect scapes or scape-like peduncles. Calyx 5-parted. Co- rolla somewhat funnelform or campanulate. 5-cleft, the lobes widely spreading, fimbriate or crested on the inner face. Stamens 5, inserted on the tube of the corolla’; filaments filiform ; anthers sagittate, versatile. Ovary one-celled; style long and slender; stigma bilamellate. Capsule oval, indehiscent, but bursting irregularly across the top. Seeds rather few and large, orbicular and compressed ; the close crustaceous coat smooth. M. trifoliata L. Sp. 145. Scapes and leaves stout, 6-10 inches long, from a thick underground scaly stem or rootstock : leaves trifoliolate; long- petioled ; leaflets oblong or obovate, entire or repand, obtuse at the apex, narrowed to a sessile base, pinnately veined, 1-3 inches long: raceme borne on a long scape-like naked peduncle, 10-20-flowered: pedicels stout, 3-12 lines long, bracteolate at the base: flowers 5-7 lines long: corolla white or tinged with rose, the tube longer than the calyx, the upper surface of the lobes copiously fim briate-bearded : capsule ovoid, obtuse, about 4 lines long. In bogs, Alaska to California and across the Continent. Orper LXIII POLEMONIACE DC. FI. Franc. ili, 645. Herbaceous or rarely shrubby plants with bland colorless juice, simple or divided leaves without stipules and_ perfect regular flowers with a free ovary and hypogynous disk. Cal 5-parted or 5-lobed, imbricated in the bud, persistent. Corolla 5-lobed, dextrorsely convolute and not plicate in the bud. Sta- mens 5, distinct, inserted on the tube of the corolla, alternate with its lobes. Style one, 3-lobed, or 3-cleft and stigmatic down the inner face. Fruit a 3-celled loculicidal capsule, usuall with a thick placental axis; and few or many small amphi- tropous or nearly anatropous seeds with a thin or soft coat, commonly developing mucilage when wetted. Embryo straight and rather large, in the axis of a fleshy or harder albumen. Cotyledons flat or flattish and rather broad. * Leaves opposite and entire: seeds not mucilagnous when wet. 1 Phlox Stamens unequally inserted and included in the narrow tube 450 POLEMONIACE® . PHLOX of the salverform corolla. * * Leaves palmately 3-7-parted, the divisions rigid and pungent: seeds not mucilaginous when wet. 2 Cantua Woody-stemmed, at least at base: flowers solitary and sessile, or few in a cluster at the summit of short branches or branchlets. * * * Leaves mostly alternate and entire: seeds mucilaginous and throwing out spiral threads when wet. 3 Collomia Stamens unequally inserted in or below the throat of the funnelform or salverform corolla: filaments slender, often exserted. * * * * Leaves various: seeds almost always mucilaginous when wet. . + Leaves either opposite or palmately divided to the sessile base, usually both: seed-coat mucilaginous when wetted but destitute of spiral threads. 4 Linanthus Low glabrous annuals with opposite leaves. _ + + Leaves alternate and pinnately incised cleft or divided, rarely entire: seed coat mucilaginous and sending out spiral threads when wet. 5 Navarretia Low and much. branched annuals, not floccone anes mostly glandular and viscid: flowers capitate-crowded and densely foliaceous-bracted: lobes of the calyx rigid and acerose-pungent or spinulose: corolla tubular-funnelform. 6 Hugelia Floccose-woolly annuals, neither glandular nor viscid: flow- ers capitate-glomerate and folidceous-bracted ; lobes of the calyx acerose or subulate and cuspidate or pungent. 7 Ipomopsis Biennials: not woolly: flowers thyrsoid paniculate: lobes of the calyx subulate: corolla narrowly tubular-funnelform. 8 Gilia Flowers scattered, crowded, or capitate-glomerate: corolla from funnelform to nearly rotate. 9 Polemonium Mostly smooth perennials with pinnate leaves and thyrsiform or cymulose-paniculate inflorescence: lobes of the calyx foliaceous, enlarging in fruit. “ PHLOX L. Gen. n. 214. Herbs or suffrutescent plants with opposite entire leaves, and showy red, white or blue flowers in terminal cymes or cymose panicles. Calyx tubular or tubular-campanulate, 5-cleft and 5-ribbed. the lobes acute or acuminate, mostly scarious-margined and the sinuses commonly scarious, not enlarging in fruit but often bursting when the seeds mature. Corolla strictly salver- form, with slender tube and narrow orifice, the limb 5-lobed. Stamens 5, straight, inserted irregularly on the tube of the corolla; filaments very short; anthers not exserted. Ovary oblong or ovoid, 3-celled; with 1-4 ovules in each cell. Capsule ovoid, 3-valved. Seeds not mucilaginous nor emitting spiral threads when wet. Ours all belong to a peculiar section that is Suffruticulose or suffrutescent, rarely herbaceous to the ground; chiefly with narrow or minute and thick-margined leaves, and one-flowered branchlets or peduncles. PHLOX POLEMONIACE 451 * Densely cespitose and depressed, mostly forming cushion-like evergreen mats or tufts: the short leaves crowded up to the solitary and sessile or short-peduncled flower: ovules solitary in each cell. + Leaves subulate or acerose, somewhat rigid, more or less beset or ciliate with cobweb-like or woolly hairs: plants forming broad mats 2-4 inches high. ° P. Hoodii Richards. Frankl. Journ. Appx .t. 28. Sparsely or loosely lanate, becoming glabrate: leaves subulate, rather rigid, erect, somewha ' loosely imbricated: tube of the corolla not exceeding the calyx; its lobes ob- ovate, entire, 2-3 lines long. Sandy plains and hillsides, Wyoming and perhaps Idaho to Nebraska and the Saskatchewan. + + Leaves rigid, 4-6 lines long, destitute of woolly or cobwebby hairs, the margins naked, or ciliate with rigid or rather soft hairs: plants either densely or loosely tufted. P. cespitosa Nutt. Journ, Acad.. Philad. vii, 41, t. 6, fig.1. Stem tufted, 2-4 inches high: leaves linear,-subulate or oblong-linear, commonly much crowded, hispid-ciliate, otherwise glabrous or with some short glandu- lar-tipped rigid hairs: corolla with tube somewhat longer than the calyx; it obovate entire lobes 3 lines long. On the highest mountains, Oregon to Cali- fornia and the Rocky Mountains. P. Douglasii Hook. FI. ii, 73, t. 158. Stems rather slender, ascending or erect, 2-8 inches-long, rather loosely tufted: leaves acerose to linear-subulate, pubescent to nearly glabrous, often ciliate near the base, 3-6 lines long, loosely imbricated, sometimes spreading, usually fascicled at the nodes: flowers sessile or short-peduncled, 6-8 lines long: calyx pubescent; its subulate lobes as long as the tube; corolla with tube longer than the calyx, and obovate entire lobes as long. Eastern Oregon and Washington to Brit. Columbia and ebraska. Var andicola Britton Mem. Torr. Club, v, 269. Leaves longer, 8-12 lines long, less fascicled at the nodes. Range of the type. P. diffusa Benth. Pl. Hartw. 325. P. Douglasii var. diffusa Gray. Depressed and diffusely branched, forming mats 6-18 inches in diameter: leaves linear or acerose, 6-12 lines long, very acute sometimes ciliate near the base with woolly hairs: flowers usually sessile: calyx loosely tomentose, the broad-subulate lobes longer than the campanulate tube: corolla pink or pur- ple to white; with a broad tube longer than the calyx, and entire or obscurely laptop obovate lobes 4-5 lines long. On the high mountains, California aska. * * Loosely tufted, or many-stemmed from amerely woody-persistent base, or wholly herbaceous, with linear or lanceolate or rarely ovate spreading leaves which are little if at all fascicled in the axils: flowers slender-peduncled, solitary or somewhat cymose, + Calyx-tube between the strong ribs scarious, inclined to be membranaceous and more or less replicate, forming intervening angles; the narrowly-subulate and mostly rigid teeth shorter than the tube of the corolla: style long and slender, often equalling the tube of the corolla. P. linearifolia Gray Proc Am. Acad. viii, 255, Glabrous, some- times minutely hirsute above, corymbosely much branched from a woody base, 6-10 incies high: leaves very narrowly linear, 1-2 inches lung by less than a line wide: tube of the calyx saliently 5-angled from the base by the strong replication of the white-membranaceous sinuses; the lobes nearly acerose: tube of the coroila longer than the calyx; the obovate-cuneate lobes 452 POLEMONIACEZ PHLOX | CANTUA entire or barely retuse, 6 lines long: ovules 2in each cell. Along the Columbia river from The Dalles eastward. P. longifolia Nutt. Jour. Acad. Philad. vi, 41. Nearly glabrous to pubescent, much branched or many-stemmed from a woody base, 3-8 inches high:.leaves mostly narrowly linear, 1-3 inches long: calyx more or less angled by the white-membranaceous replicate sinuses: lobes of the corolla obovate or oblong-cuneate, entire or retuse, 3-5 lines long: ovules almost always solitary in the cells. Dry plains, eastern Oregon to Brit. Columbia and the Rocky Mountains. P. Stansburyi Heller P. longifolia var. Stansburyi Gray. Conspicuously pubescent throughout, or sometimes glabrate, generally stoutish and some- what open in growth,, 6-8 inches high: leaves from linear to linear-lanceolate, 1-8 inches long: pubescence of the branchlets and calyx viscid or glandular: tube of the corolla about twice the length of the calyx; its obovate lobes entire or barely retuse: ovules 1 or 2 in each cell, Dry prairies, eastern Ore- gon and Washington to the Rocky Mountains. P. adsurgens Torr. in Herb. Gray 1. c. 256. Glabrous except the glandular-pubescent slender pedicels and calyx: stems slender, trailing or ascending, 6-20 inches long: leaves ovate to broadly lanceolate, acute, 5-12 lines long by half as broad, all but the lowest shorter than the internodes: tube of the corolla nearly twice as long as the calyx; its obovate entire or retuse lobes 5-6 lines long: ovules solitary in the cells. In dry open forests, southwestern Oregon . " . _+ + Calyx-tube cylindraceous, the thin membranous portion be- tween the ribs not projecting into salient angles: style very short, most- © ly shorter than the ovary. P. speciosa Pursh Fl, 149. Stems 1-3 feet high; the branches ascend- ing from a shrubby base, somewhat viscid-puberulent or glandular above: leaves lanceolate or linear, 1-3 inches long, very acute above, sessile with a broad base: flowers corymbose: corolla rose color or pink to white; its tube but little longer than the calyx; its obcordate lobes 5-6 lines long: ovales ° solitary in the cells, Dry ridges and rocky banks, California to Brit Colum- bia and the Rocky Mountains. Var. Sabini Gray 1, c. Lobes of the corolla entire or barely retuse: obovate with a narrowed cuneate base. Spokane river Washington. 2 CANTUA Juss. Gen. 136. Very leafy commonly tufted perennials or undershrubs with the leaves all alternate, rarely opposite, and showy flowers either sol- itary and sessile or few ina cluster at the ends of short branches or branchlets. Calyx tubular to campanulate, the lobes short- subulate, pungent. Corolla salverform; the tube more or less exceeding the calyx ; the throat somewhat funnelform. Filaments short, inserted in or below the throat: anthers short, included. Ovules numerous in each cell. Seeds with a close coat, develop- ing neither mucilage nor spiral threads when wetted. - C. pungens Torr. Ann. Lyc N. Y. ii, 26. Gilia pungens Benth. Puberulent, glabrate, or somewhat viscid: stems woody, usually much branched or tufted, 6-8 inches high: leaves sessile, palmately divided into 3-7 rigid and pungent subulate segments, 4-8 lines long, often with smaller ones fascicled in thelr axils: calyx cylindraceous; its subulate lobes 4% COLLOMIA POLEMONIACE 453 the length of the tube; corolla rose white or yellow, 8-12 lines long, the narrowly oblong lobes 4-5 lines long: ovules 8-10 in each cell. Dry plains of eastern Oregon to California, Arizona and Colorado. Var. Hookeri. Gilia Hookeri Benth. Taller, with sparser and more rigid leaves and viscid-pubescent flowering shoots. Eastern Oregon to California. Var. squarrosa. Gilia pungens var. squarrosa Gray. A-foot or-two high with virgate branches beset with stouter and more rigid recurved- spreading pungent leaves. Dry interior of Washington and Idaho to Nev. 3 COLLOMIA Nutt. Gen. i, 126. Annual or rarely perennial herbs. with mostly entire alternate leaves and purple white or yellow flowers in capitate clusters or cymes. Calyx obpyramidal, 5-cleft, scarious in the sinuses ac- crescent in fruit, not distended nor ruptured by the maturing cap- sule; its lobes erect and entire; the sinuses often at length enlarged into revolute lobes. Corolla tubular-funnelform or salverform: the limb 5-lobed. Stamens unequally inserted on the tube of the corolla: the filaments unequal. Ovules few or solitary in each cell. Seeds developing both mucilage and spiral threads when wetted. * Annuals with strict and leafy stems, entire or merely toothed leaves and numerous flowers in capitate-crowded terminal leafy clusters. C. grandiflora Dougl. Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1174. Stems erect, 6-20 0, ,,,..2L- inches high, simple or sparingly branched: leaves lanceolate to linear, entire or coarsely serrate, acute or acuminate, 1-3 inches long, sessile or nearly so: flowers yellow or salmon color, numerous in a dense capitate ' leafy-bracted cluster: bracts broadly lanceolate to ovate: calyx somewhat ‘funnelform, the triangular lobes about half as long as the tube, glandular: corolla nearly an inch long with a long filiform tube; the oblong lobes about as long as its funnelform throat: ovules solita:y in the cells. Common in open woods, California to Brit. Columbia and the Rocky Mountains. C. linearis Nutt. Gen. i, 126. Viscid-puberulent annual: stem erect, 4-12 inches high, simple or branched: leaves narrowly lanceolate to linear- oblong, entire or few-toothed or few-lobed, acute at the apex, narrowed ‘below, sessile, or the lower short-petioled, 1-2 inches long: flowers numer- ous, in a close capitate cluster, 5-7 lines long: calyx-lobes triangular-lan- -ceolate, acute: corolla purple to nearly white, with a very slender tube longer than the calyx and but little enlarged throat, the rounded lobes 1-2 lines long: ovules solitary in the cells. Eastern Oregon to Brit. Columbia, Manitoba, Minnesota, Arizona and California. Var. subulata Gray Proc. Am. Acad. viii, 258, ‘‘ A low and slender form, diffusely branching from the base: leaves narrow and acute: flowers few in the lower forks: calyx-lobes attenuate-subulate, the tips almost awn-like from a broad hase, rather longer thanthe tube. Nevada and adjacent parts of California and Oregon. * * Annuals usually branching from the base, the flowers in nearly oF quite bractless small clusters in the axils and at the ends of the ranches. C. tinctoria Kellogg Proc. Cal. Acad. iii, 17, t. 2. Gilia aristella Gray. Stem slender, 2-10 inches high, few-leaved, diffusely branched, minutely pubescent and glandular above: leaves lanceolate-linear, tapering to both ends, 6-14 lines long: flowers 1-3 in the forks and upper axils: calyx cam- Ra \ 454 POLEMONIACE | COLLOMIA LINANTHUS panulate; the lobes attenuate from a broad base to a slender awn: corolla purple, with filiform tube 4-6 lines long and small oblong lobes: capsule obovate, with attenuate base, 3-lobed, On open hillsides in mountains, Brit. Columbia to California. C. heterophylla Hook. Bot. Mag. 2895. Gilia Sessei Don. Diffusely branched from the base, 3-16 inches high, soft pubescent throughout: leaves thin. mostly pinnatifld with the lobes again incised, or bipinnatifid, some of the uppermost less cut or even entire and bract-like subtending the flower-clusters: calyx acute at base, cleft barely to the middle the lobes ovate-lanceolate, acuminate: corolla light purple to pink, slender, 5-6 lines long, 2-8 times as long as the clayx: stamens very unequally inserted: ovules 1-3 in each cell. Common in open woods, Brit. Columbia to Cali- fornia west of the Cascade Mountains. * * * Perennials with exserted and declined stamens. C. Mazama Coville Proc. Biol. Soc. of Wash. xi, 35. Glabrous or with a few arachnoid viscid hairs on the stem and leaf-margins, the in- florescence Glan dn lee ney: stems few to many from a slender perennial tap-root, 6-15 inches high, usually simple: leaves oblong-lanceolate to lanceolate, 1-2 inches long, acute at both ends, acutely and somewhat laciniately 3-5-toothed toward the apex, the upper entire and sessile, the lower often oblanceolate and petioled: inflorescence subcapitately cymose: calyx commonly 4-5 lines long; the triangular-lanceolate acuminate lobes about as long as the tube, enlarging in fruit: corolla about 7 lines long, deep blue to violet-purple, funnelform; the narrowly oblong-obovate obtuse lobes 2-3 lines long: anthers and style slightly exserted: seeds linear-ob- long, solitary in the cells. On Mount Mazama southern Oregon. C. debilis Greene Pitt. i, 127. Gilia debilis Watson. Minutely pu- bescent or hirsute and viscid: stems loosely tufted, 2-8 inches long leafy to the top: leaves pedately 3-7-parted or the upper ones 3-cleft, attenuate below toa petiole; the lobes 2-6 lines long, linear-oblong, or the larger more dilated and 2-3-cleft: flowers subsessile and solitary in the forks and axils: calyx evlindraceous; the short subulate teeth but halfas long as the tube; corolla funnelform, 6-8 lines long, with elongated tube and deeply cleit limb, light purple to blue: capsule a line long; the cells l-seeded. In loose volcanic sand on the highest mountain peaks, Oregon and Washington to California and Utah. C. glutinosa Benth. Bot. Reg. 1833. Slightly pubescent, and glandu- lar above: stem loosely branching, erect or diffuse, 1-2 feet long: leaves nearly simple, or cut or parted into lanceolate or narrowly oblong divisi- ons: flowers loose or scattered: calyx obtuse or rounded at base, deeply cleft ; the lobes subulate: stamens moderately unequal in insertion: ovules 1 or 2 in each cell : capsule globular. In open woods, California and Ore- gon to Washington. 4 LINANTHUS Benth. Bot. Reg. xix, t. 1622. Erect and slender annuals with opposite leaves and small flowers solitary and terminal or in the forks of the branches. or in capitate leafy-bracted clusters. Tube of the calyx cylindraceous, white-scarious except the ribs which are prolonged into acerose- linear teeth, not enlarged in fruit but usually ruptured by the maturing capsule. Corolla rotate, campanulate, funnelform, or salverform. Stamens equally inserted on the tube of the corolla. Seeds numerous or rarely few in the cells, developing mucilage when wetted. 7a tbr LINANTHUS POLEMONIACE 455 | § 1 Dacropuyiium. Gilia § Dactophyllum B. & H. Flowers loose or scattered on slender pedicels. Corolla funnelform or almost rotate. Stamens inserted in the throat of the corolla: anthers oval. L. pharnaceoides Greene Pitt. ii; 254. Gilia liniflora var. pharna ceoides Gray. Stem slender with diffuse filiform branches, 6-10 inches high: leaves palmately 2-5-parted into acerose pubescent segments, 2-6 lines long; flowers paniculate, on filiform pedicels: calyx campanulate, 2 lines long; the triangular acute lobes not as long as the tube: corolla almost rotate, the broad tube hardly as long as the calyx; the broad lobes obovate, rounded at the apex, 2-3 lines long: ovules 6-8 in each cell: capsule shorter than the calyx. Dry sandy plains, eastern Oregon and Washington to California. L. Harknessii Greene |. c. 256. Gilia Harknessii Curran. Stem erect, diffusely branched, 3-10 inches high: seed-leaves oblong-linear: leaves di- vided to the base into filiform segments, 2-10 lines long: flowers paniculate, on filiform pedicels 6-12 lines long: calyx minutely pubescent; its lanceo- late lobes as long as the tube: corolla white, 1-2 lines long; the tube but little longer than the calyx and about as long as the lobes: capsule oval, exceeding the calyx; seeds solitary in the cells, smooth, turgid, oblong, a line long. In bare places on the high mountins, Washington to California. L. filipes Greene 1. c. Giélia filipes Benth. Stem slender, 2-4 inches high, diffusely branched: cotyledon leaves obovate: leaves 2-5 lines long, divided to the base into filiform segments: flowers panicled, on capillary edicels an inch or more long: calyx campanulate, pubescent; its triangu- ar acute lobes ndt longer than the tube: corolla 2-3 lines long, exceeding the calyx: ovules 3-5 in each cell: capsule about equalling the calyx. On dry plains, eastern Oregon to Nevada and California. L. Bolanderi Greene 1. ¢. Gilia Bolanderi Gray. Stem almost fili- form, 2-10 inches high, dichotomously branched: cotyledon leaves oblong, narrowed below to a broad petioie: leaves 2-5 lines long, divided to the base into linear or spatulate segments: flowers on filiform pedicels 1-2 inches long: calyx cylindraceous, pubescent and glandular; its subulate lobes shorter than the tube ; corolla 6 lines long ; the slender tube exceeding the calyx, much longer than the funnelform throat and obovate obtuse lobes : capsule oblong, shorter than the calyx:seeds 1-5 in each cell. Dry plains, Oregon to California. § 2 LeprosipHon Gilia § Leptosiphon Endl. Mostly low or slender, with opposite leaves, and small flowers crowded into a capitate leafy-bracted cluster. Corolla salverform, with the tube mostly filiform and elongated: the very short throat commonly more or less cyathiform-dilated. Stamens inserted in the throat or orifice ; anthers short. Ovules numerous in each cell. * Leaves commonly with smaller ones fascicled in their axils and all palmately 5-7-parted into linear segments: filaments slender, exserted more or less from the throat of the corolla, but shorter than its entire lobes : ovules 6-10 in each cell. L. bicolor Greene ]. c. Gilia tenella Benth. Rough-pubescent through- out: stem slender, 1-5 inches high, simple or sparingly branched: cotyle- don leaves petioled : divisions of the leaves acerose or some of them linear- spatulate, 2-6 lines long: tube of the calyx short, cylindraceous; its subu- late lobes several times longer : tube of the corolla filiform, 10-12 lines long, 456 POLEMONIACE LINANTHUS NAVARRETIA much longer than the bracts and calyx, abruptly widened into the obconic throat and oblong obtuse lobes: flowers purple to pink or straw-color; with yellow throat. Common on dry open hillsides, Puget Sound to California, L. ciliatus Greene 1. c. 260. Gilia ciliata Benth. Rough-pubescent throughout: stem rigid, 4-12 inches high, virgate: divisions of the leaves acerose, 2-8 lines long: tube of the calyx cylindraceous, half as long as the subulate pungent lobes: tube of the corolla filiform, 4-6 lines long, but little if any longer than the hispid-ciliate bracts and calyx: throat of the corolla funnelform, yellow, nearly as long as the oblong rounded lobes. In groves, southern Oregon to California. * * Wholly glabrous: very dwarf: leaves entire: anthers sessile in the throat of the corolla, the cuneate lobes of which are sometimes un- dulate-toothed or 1-3-dentate at the apex: ovules 10-16 in each cell. L. nudicaule. Gilia nudicaulis Gray. Very glabrous: stem 1-10 inches high, at length branching from the base, leafless from the cotyle- dons to the inflorescence which is a close head or glomerule subtended by an involucre of several ovate-Janceolate or lanceolate foliaceous bracts: corolla white, pink or yellow; the tube 3-4 lines long, about 3 times as long as the calyx, rather longer than the lobes. Sandy plains, interior of Oregon to Nevada and Colorado. 5 NAVARRETIA Ruiz & Pavon Prodr. Fl. Per. et Chil. 20. Low annuals with alternate pinnatifid leaves and small flowers in leafy-bracted capitate clusters. Tube of the calyx scarious be- tween the 5 prominent green angles or costa, its lobes unequal, erect or spreading, pungent tipped, all entire, or the 2 larger ones spinulose-toothed or cleft. Corolla tubular-funnelform or almost salverform, with rather small oval or oblong lobes. Stamens in- serted in or below the throat: anthers short. Capsule dehiscent from above or from below, or indehiscent. Seeds one to many in each cell, mostly mucilaginous and developing spiral threads when wetted. * Some of the leaves and bracts more than once pinnately parted, that is their primary divisions incised or parted. + Herbage very glandular-viscid and unpleasantly aromatic- scented: stamens included in the throat of the corolla, commonly unequal in length and slightly so in insertion: ovules and seeds 8-12 in each cell: N. squarrosa H. & A: Bot. Beech. 368. Gilia squarrosa Gray. Very glandular-viscid: stem rather stout and rigid, 3-12 inches high, simple or much branched: leaves twice pinnatifid, or pinnately parted and the divi- sions either pasted or incised; upper ones and bracts spinescent: lobes of the calyx subulate and spinescent-tipped, mostly entire, longer than the tube: corolla blue to whitish, 4-6 lines long, with slender tube and funnel- form throat, but little surpassing the calyx: capsule ellipsoid, inclined to be stipitate. Common on plains and along roadsides, western California and Oregon to Brit. Columbia. + + Herbage neither. viscid nor glandular: stamens exserted out of the throat of the corolla, at length mostly equalling the lobes: ovules 1-4 in each cell. | N. stricta. Stem strict, 4-6 inches high, divaricately branched above: leaves few, bipinnate, the divisions all spinose: bracts similar to the leaves, oe ee ae ee ane NAVARRETIA POLEMONIACEA 457 white-pubescent: calyx pubescent, the teeth al]l spinose-tipped and toothed, very unequal: corolla pale blue, with filiform tube and funnelform throat ; not exceeding the bracts: stamens about equalling the oblong corolla-lobes : capsule obovoid few-seeded: seeds winged. Southwest Oregon. N._intertexta Hook. Fl. ii, 72. Gilia intertexta Steud. Neither vis- cid nor glandular: stem erect, simple or widely branched, 4-8 inches high, rather stout; leaves nearly glabrous with divaricate acerose spinescent di- visions sparingly divided or simple: flowers densely glomerate: tube of the calyx and base of the bracts strongly villous with white spreading hairs; iis unequal spinescent and entire lobes equalling the white corolla: ovules and seeds 3-4 in each cell. In damp places, Brit. Columbia to California and the Rocky Mountains. N. Suksdorfii. Low and depressed, or erect, 1-3 inches high, much branched ; leaves linear, an inch or two long, entire or with a pair or two of linear lobes near the base, not spinose: flowers in dense globular heads, the subtending bracts bipinnate with spinose lobes: lobes of the calyx shor- ter than the cylindraceous tube, which is but slightly contracted at the sinuses; the smaller ones entire: corolla white, barely exceeding the calyx: stamens as long as the corolla: capsule very thin, 3-seeded: seeds oblong. Low grounds, Falcon Valley, Klickitat Co. Washington. Distributed by Mr. Suksdorf. ‘as Gilia minima, from which it differsin its dense heads and 3-lobed calyx-teeth. N. minima Nutt. Pl. Gamb. 160. Depressed, often forming broad tufts, 14-2 inches high glabrate: leaves acicular with simple and few divisions: flowersin small loose heads the subtending bracts spinosely pinnate: tube of the calyx white-hairy in the broad sinuses, as long as the spinose entire lobes which equal or exceed the white corolla: ovules 1-3 in each cell: capsule oblong-obovate, attenuate below. Interior of Oregon and Washington to Arizona and Nebraska. N. Breweri Greene |. c. 137, Gilia Breweri Gray, Erect or at length much branched and diffusely spreading, 1-10 inches high, very minutely glandular-puberulent throughout: leaves with mostly simple acicular-sub- ulate divisions: flowers in lax glomerules; the subtending bracts similar to the leaves: tube of the calyx a line long, 2 or 3 times shorter than the unequal entire lobes: corolla yellow, the slender tube equalling the calyx: stamens and style equalling the oblong corolla-lobes: ovules 1 or 2 in each cell. Southeastern Gieson to Wyoming, Nevada and California. N. leucocephaia Benth, Pl. Hartw. 160. Glabrous except some woolly pubescence at the summit of the stem and scarious calyx-tube: stem slen- der, 4-10 inches high, seldom rigid: leaves soft, their often simple divisions slender-spinulose: flowersin rather small heads, the subtending bracts with barely pungent divisions: calyx-tube contracted at the sinuses, about equ- alling the subula‘e entire lobes: corolla white, longer than the calyx: sta- mens exserted: ovules 2in each cell. In wet places, southern Oregon to California ; * * Leaves simply pinnatifid or incised or many of them entire. N. divaricata Greene 1, c. Gilia divaricata Torr. Stem slender, 1-6 inches high divaricately branched not glandular-viscid but glabrate: leaves slender and filiform, or the upper with acerose divisions and passing into the bracts of the small hea:'s which are palmately 3-5-cleft: calyx woolly- Opn a2 » eam pubescent ; the scarious tube much shorter than the unequal entire lobes: corolla rather slender, 3-4 lines long; the slender tube about equalling the calyx-teeth: stamens included: ovules 5-7 in each cell. Washington to California, in the high mountains. : N. atractyloides H. & A. Bot: Beech. 368] Pubescent and very viscid: 458 POLEMONIACEZ HUGELIA GILIA rather stout 6-8 inches high, very rigid, especially the leaves and bracts; these lanceolate or the uppermost ones ovate, all pinnatifid and with diva- ricate subulate-spinose lobes: flowers glomerate: calyx cylindraceous with unequal, entire or 3-cleft, pungent teeth: corolla purple about twice the length of the calyx; ovules 6 or7 in each cell. On dry ridges, southwest Oregon to California. 6 HUGELIA Benth. Bot. Reg, 1652. Low floccose-lanate plants with narrow or narrowly lobed al ternate leaves, and blue or white flowers in leafy-bracted terminal glomerules. Calyx densely woolly, 4—5-lobed, with acerose or sub- ulate and cuspidate or pungent lobes. Corolla salverform; with ovate or oblong lobes. Filaments filiform, exserted: anthers deeply sagittate. Seeds few in each cell. , H. floccosa. Gilia floccosa. Gray. Floccose-woolly, at least when young: stem 2-12 inches high, simple or branched, often diffuse or spread- ing: lobes of the calyx subulate, unequal, one large and three smaller ones, pungent: corolla yellow with blue or white lobes; its tube 3-4 lines long, surpassing the calyx-lobes: anthers narrowly oblong: seeds 1 or 2 in each cell. Dry plains, southeastern Oregon to California, Utah and Arizona. 7 GILTA Ruiz & Pay. Prodr. Fl. Per. & Chil. 25, t. 4. Herbs with alternate or opposite simple or compound leaves and various inflorescence. Calyx campanulate or tubular, 5-toothed or 5-cleft, the sinuses usually scarious, Corolla funnelform or salverform, or sometimes campanulate or nearly rotate, regular. Stamens equally or unequally inserted in the tube or in the throat of the corolla: the mostly slender filaments sometimes unequal in length. Ovary oblong or ovoid, 3-celled with solitary or several ovules in each cell. Seeds 1-10 in each cell, usually developing mucilage, and often spiral threads, when wetted. * Bracts and calyx-lobes commonly cuspidate or aristulate, and pubescent with long and many-jointed somewhat viscid hairs: flowers capitate-congested or sometimes more loosely cymose. G. congesta Hook. F! ii, 75. White-pubescent throughout: root per- ennial: stems erect or spreading, 3-12 inches long from a tufted base, bearing simple terminal, or few and corymbose capitate cymes: leaves mostly petioled, %-2 inches long, pinnately divided into 3-9 narrowly linear mucronate divisions, or the uppermost entire: calyx campanulate ; with very short tube and oblong cuspidate-pointed lobes: corolla white, with oval lobes nearly as long as the tube, which does not exceed the calyx-lobes: filaments short, at length as long as the anthers: ovules 1-4 in each cell. Dry plains, eastern Oregon to California and Nebraska. * * Rather tall biennials with thyrsoid-paniculate inflorescence. G. aggregata Spreng. Syst. i, 626. Somewhat pubescent: stems erect, 1-4 feet high, leafy, simple, or sometimes loosely branched: leaves thick- isb, 1-3 inches long, mostly petioled, pinnately parted into narrowly linear mucronulate segments: flowers in a thyrsoid narrow loose or interrupted . panicle, sessile, in small mostly short-peduncled clusters: calyx commonly glandular, 3-4 lines long; the campanulate tube about as Jong as the subu- late teeth: corolla from scarlet to pink or white, 12-18 lines Ft tubular- funnelform; its lobes ovate or lanceolate, acute or acuminate, 3-4 lines long, widely spreading, soon recurved: stamens inserted in the throat or GILIA POLEMONIACE 459 pelow the sinuses of the corolla, not longer than its lobes; filaments slender; anthers short, oblong or oval: ovules numerous in the cells: seeds develop- ing mucilage and spiral threads when wetted. On dry ridges in moun- tainous districts, California to Brit. Columbia and Nebraska. * * * Flowers scattered, crowded or rarely capitate-glomerate, in- conspicuously bracted or ebractate. ies Ovules and seeds few or numerous in the cells: stamens insert- ed in or just below the sinuses: annuals. ++ Corolla more or less funnelform; having a distinct tube. = Leaves once or twice pinnately parted or cleft: seeds developing mucilage and spiral threads when wetted. G._capitata Dougl. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 2698. Nearly glabrous: stem Cyrw a2Q- rather slender. usually 1-3 feet high, paniculately branched: leaves 2-3- - pinnately divided into slender or even filiform lobes: flowers numerous, in b sae D. (ell dense capitate clusters terminating long naked peduncles: calyx glabrous or nearly so, the lanceolate acuminate lobes not longer than the campanu- late tube: corolla blue to ola in lines long; its tube about as long as the narrowly oblong or lanceolaté-linear lobes: stamens inserted in the very sinuses of the corolla and equalling its lobes: anthers elliptical. Com- mon in open places and fields, California to Brit. Columbia. Ge achillefolia Benth. Bot. Reg. 1622. Somewhat pubescent: stem. Oyrall- rather stout, I- igh, loosely branched above: leaves once or twice Q pinnately parted into linear lobes: flowers numerous, in dense capitate Ky.) © ' clusters terminating long peduncles: calyx pubescent; its ovate almost spinose-tipped lobes longer than the tube: lobes of the blue corolla obovate or broadly oblong; its throat abruptly and amply dilated: stamens insert- 2 ed in the sinuses of the corolla and about equalling its lobes. Western California and Oregon to Brit. Columbia. G. inconspicua Doug]. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 2883. Viscid, and usually with slight woolly pubescence when young: stem stoutish, 4-12 inches high, branching from the base: leaves mostly pinnatifid or pinnately parted, or the lowest bipinnatifid with short cuspidate lobes, the upper becoming small, subulate aud entire: flowers somewhat crowded and subsessile, or at length loosely panicled and some of them slender-pediceled: calyx 2 lines long, the short subulate teeth not half as long as the tube: corolla narrowly funnelform, with proper tube shorter or slightly longer than the calyx: seeds severalineach cell. Dry hillsidesaud sandy plains, California and eastern Oregon to Brit. Columbia and the Rocky Mountains. Var. sinuata Gray Proc. Am. Acad. viii, 278. Corolla becoming thrice the length of the calyx, with the tube more exserted, with the throat and lobes more ample. Dry plains, eastern Oregon to California and N. Mex. = = Seeds destitute of mucilage and spiral threads when wetted. G. gracilis Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 2924. Stem stout, simple, or at length corymbosely much branched and spreading. 2-10 inches high: leaves linear or the lower ones obovate to lanceolate, entire, sessile, the lower ones mostly opposite, 4-10 lines long: calyx rounded at base, deeply cleft, with strongly carinate subulate lobes: corolla about 5 lines long, purple or vio- let, the slender tube yellowish, and seldom longer than the calyx: seeds flat and somewhat winged. Common in open places, Brit. Columbia to California and Nebraska. G. leptomeria Gray 1. c. Somewhat gearidulat:xitciths stem 6-12 inches high: leaves mainly radical, oblong or broadly lanceolate, incisely toothed or sinuate-pinnatifid the obtuse teeth or lobes minutely cuspidate; the cauline small and reduced upward to the subulate bracts of the open 460 POLEMONIACE® GILIA POLEMONIUM effuse cymose panicle; flowers inconspicuous; corolla white, 2-3 lines long, fully twice the length of the calyx, slender-funnelform, with very small acute lobes: capsule ovoid, equalling or exceeding the triangular acute calyx-teeth. Eastern Washington and Oregon to Nevada and Utah. G. hispida Piper Erythea vi, 30. ‘‘ Annual, prostrate, 3-5 inches in diameter, hispid throughout with white hairs; stems usually purplish, branched from the base in a falsely dichotomous manner, the branches curving inward in age; leaves all alternate, spatulate-lanceolate, acutish or theearliest truly spatulate and obtuse, 6-12 lines long, all tapering to a narrowed base; midrib prominent in age, the veins not visible: flowers solitary and sessile in the forks or terminal, the latest ones loosely crowded in very leafy capitate clusters: calyx green, very hispid the lobes nearly eq- ualling the corolla,becoming scarious at base in age ;corolla pinkish,tubular. 4 lines long, the lobes very short and obtuse, very slightly dilated in the throat, sparsely hispid above both within and witbout; stamens unequally inserted, entirely included in the lower half of the tube: ovary 2-celled; style short, one-half the length of the corolla: mature capsule oblong, 1-2 lines long with about eight ventricose swellings on each valve marking the posi- tion of the seeds; seeds 10-12, black, wrinkled, the coats not developing mucilage when wetted. In drifting sand at Pasco Washington. ++ ++ Pedicels slender or filiform, scattered, becoming horizontal or reflexed : corolla campanulate or rotate. G. micromeria Gray |. c. Nearly glabrous, glandless, effusely much branched; branches filiform : radical and lower leaves pinnatifid, with ob- tuse lobes; the upper linear and entire: pedicels capillary, 6-7 lines long, axillary, or opposite leaves: flowers barely a line long: corolla campanulate, white, a little longer than the 5-cleft calyx: capsule globular, few-seeded. Northwest Nevada, to be looked for in adjacent Oregon. G. fiJiformis Parry, Gray Proc. Am. Acad. x, 75. Completely glab- rous and smooth: stem erect with filiform spreading branches: leayes all filiform or nearly so, entire: pedicels scattered, capillary, at length refract- ed: corolla cream-color, very open-campanulate, 2 lines long, deeply 5-cleft, exceeding the 5-parted calyx; its lobes truncate and obscurely erose-den- tate: capsule globular: seeds few, developing mucilage but not spiral threads when wetted. Eastern Washington to Utah. + + Much branched annuals with filiform or slender-subulate and entire or sometimes 3-parted leaves and short-campanulate 5-toothed calyx: flowers scattered, small: stamens inserted on and included in the tube of the corolla: ovules solitary in the cells. G. minutiflora Benth. DC. Prodr. ix, 315. Glabrous or minutely glandular-puberulent above: stem erect, 10-20 inches high, with many virgate and rigid, slender branches: upper leaves all reduced to minute subulate appressed bracts, the lower larger and some of them 3-parted: flowers 2 lines long, terminal and spicately disposed along the branchlets: tube of the corolla about twice the length of the calyx and of its own lobes: filaments slender: capsule ovoid: seeds oblong. Eastern Washington and Oregon to Idaho and Wyoming. G. tenerrima Gray Proc. Am. Acad. viii, 277. Minutely and sparsely glandular: stem 4-10 inches high, effusely much branched with filiform branches: leaves entire, linear-lanceolate: flowers loosely panicled, on slender divergent pedicels, minute: calyx campanulate, the lanceolate lobes equalling the tube: lobes of the corolla oblong, as long as the calyx: capsule globular: seeds turgid-oval. Southeastern Oregon to Utah. G. capillaris Kellogg Proc. Cal. Acad. v. 49. Slender annual 2-18 inches high, glandular, otherwise glabrous, branching into an effuse pan- POLEMONIUM POLEMONIACE® 461 icle: leaves 6-20 lines long or the uppermost reduced to small subulate bracts, entire or the lower sometimes with 2 or3 small lobes: peduncles filiform or capillary : calyx small; its lobes subulate: corolla p:nk-red, 5-10 lines long; its slender tube longer than the calyx, and rather abruptly expanded into a wide funnelform throat of about the length of the oval spreading lobes. On wet banks, California to Washington. -@. linearifolia. Minutely glandular: stem slender, 6-12 inches high, branching into an effuse panicle: leaves linear, 6-12 lines long, attenuate at both ends: peduncles filiform: calyx a line long, with short-oblong triangular-pointed lobes: corolla with a slender tube longer than the calyx, gradually expanded into afunnelform throat of about the length of the oblong lobes. In moist places, southern Oregon. 8 POLEMONIUM Tourn. Inst. 146, t. 61. Herbs with alternate pinnate or pinnately parted leaves, and mostly showy flowers in cymose panicles, or racemes, or thyrsi- form. Calyx herbaceous throughout, neither angled nor costate, slightly accrescent and loosely investing the capsule, campanu- late or narrower, cleft to the middle, the lobes equal, erect or connivent over the capsule, or campanulate-spreading, ‘entire. Corolla regular, from funnelform to nearly rotate. Filaments more or less declined, and usually pilose-appendaged at base, slender. Ovules few or several in each cell. Seeds angular or winged, developing mucilage when wetted. 1 Root annual. Flowers solitary, opposite the leaves. Corolla almost rotate, shorter than the broad and open deeply 5-cleft calyx. Filaments almost naked at base. P. micrantha Benth. DC. Prodr. ix, 318. More or less viscid-pubes- cent: stem 2-8 inches long, diffusely much branched from the base: leaflets 5-13, obovate to lanceolate, 2-4 lines long : calyx truncate at base, the broad- . ly lanceolate lobes 2 lines long, twice as long as the broad tube: peduncles mostly solitary, opposite the leaves or terminal: corolla white, a line or two long: ovules 1-3 in each cell: capsule globose, shorter than the calyx. In moist places, California to Brit. Columbia, east of the Cascade Mts. § 2 Root perennial. Leaflets simple and entire, sometimes confluent. Inflorescence open and with very few bracts. Corolla campanulate-funnelform with tube not surpassing the open-cam- panulate calyx, and shorter than the ample spreading limb. Filaments usually dilated and pilose-appendaged at base. * Stem 6-10 inches high, from. cespitose-branching and mostly thickened rootstocks: leaflets seldom 6 lines long: flowering stems only 1-3-leaved : flowers cymulose. P. elegans Greene Pitt. iii, 305. Very viscid-pubescent throughout except the corolla: stems slender, 2-6 inches high ; simple or sparingly bran- - ched above: leaflets very numerous somewhat crowded, obovate to elliptical, _ a line or two long: flowers in a small cymulose cluster; calyx campanulate, cleft to the middle, with broadly lanceolate lobes: corolla blue with yellow throat, 6-7 lineslong, the broadly obovate lobes equalling the tube: filaments pilose at base: style barely exserted : capsule ovoid, much shorter than the calyx, few-seeded. On Mount Adams Washington near perpetual snow. P. humile Willd. in Rem. & Sch. Syst. iv, 792. Somewhat pilose 462 POLEMONIACE# POLEMONIUM below, pubescent above: stems rather stout, 4-8 inches high, corymbosely branched: leaflets 15-21, oblong to broadly lanceolate, or some of the lower ones obovate, 4-8 lines long: flowers in cymulose clusters: calyx open- campanulate, 2-3 lines long, cleft to the middle, with short triangular lobes: corolla pale blue or purplish, 4-6 lines long; its ample rounded lobes much longer than the tube: filaments pilose and dilated at base: ovules 2-4, and seeds 1 or 2in each cell. On the highest mountains, California to the Arctic coast and the Rocky Mountains. P. pulchellum Bunge in Ledeb. Fl. Alt. i, 233. Minutely puberu- lent and viscid-glandular: stems rather slender, sparingly branched, 6-10 inches high: leaflets 9-21, oblong to lanceolate: flowers in cymulose clus- ters, mostly slender-pediceled: calyx narrowly campanulate, cleft to below the middle, 2-3 lines long: corolla blue with white tube, 6-8 lines long, the ample oblong lobes much longer than the short tube: filaments pilose but not dilated at base: capsule obovoid. much shorter than the calyx: ovules 2-4 and seeds usually lineachcell. On high mountains, Oregon to Alaska and the Rocky Mountains. * * Tall, from slender rootstocks or roots: leaves and leaflets com- paratively large. + Stems erect, 1-3 feet high: leaflets numerous and mostly approx- imate. not rarely confluent or the rachis winged: ovules 6-13 in cach cell. P. occidentale Greene Pitt. ii, 75. P. cerulewm of authors as to our plant. Either glabrous or viscid-pubescent: stem strict and virgate, 2-3 feet high, from running rootstocks, 5-10-leaved : leaflets 15-23, from linear- lanceolate to oblong-ovate, 5-20 lines long: flowers numerous, in a naked and narrow thyrsus or panicle: calyx cleft to or below the middle, with short lanceolate lobes : corolla blue. an inch or less in diameter, the obovate lobes much longer than the tube: filaments densely bearded at base, often equalling the corolla-lobes: style exserted. In springy places on high mountains, California to Alaska and the Rocky Mountains. P. foliosissimum Gray Syn. Fl. ii, 151. Very viscid-pubescent throughout and strong-scented: stems a foot or more high, very leafy: leaflets from lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate: flowers corymbose-cymose, small: eorolla commonly white or cream-color, sometimes violet, twice as long as the calyx which is 5-cleft to or beyond the middle: style and sta- mens not exserted. Idaho to the Rocky Mountains and New Mexico. P. pectinatum Greene Bull. Cal. Acad. i, 10. Glabrous or the inflor- escence viscid-pubescent: stems clustered, a foot or more high, slender, leafy to the summit: leaflets linear-filiform, an inch long, in about 5 pairs: | flowers corymbose-cymose: calyx cleft to beyond the middle: corolla half- inch broad, white or cream-color: seeds wingless. Collected in eastern Washington by Prof. E. W. Hilgard in June 1882. + Herbage glabrous or slightly pubescent, neither viscid nor glandular: stems lax, with diffuse branches and open corgymbiform or paniculate inflorescence: leaflets fewer and rather large, membranace- ous, only the ultimate at all confluent: style and stamens rather shorter than the corolla: ovules only 3-4 in each cell. P. carneum Gray l.c. Stems rather stout 1-2 feet high: leaflets 5-15, - from ovate to oblong-lanceolate, 6-18 lines long: branches somewhat um- bellately 3-5-flowered: pedicels slender, pubescent: calyx campanulate, 6-10 lines long, pubescent; the lanceolate acute lobes longer than the tube: corolla salmon-color or flesh-color, 12-18 lines broad. the ample rounded obovate lobes thrice longer than the tube: filaments slender, villous at the sightly dilated base: capsule oblong not longer than the tube of the ‘soe s eds 2or3in each cell. In damp places, southwestern Oregon to Calif, HYDROPHYLLACEZ 463 P. amenum Piper Erythea vii, 174. ‘‘ Perennial, erect, or nearly so, 15-24 inches high, glabrous below, sparsely viscid-puberulent above; stems terete,slightly wing-margined; cauline 4 or 5, 18 inches long; leaflets 15-21, lanceolate, sessile, attenuately acute, 1-2 inches long :inflorescence leafy- bracteate, open, the flowers in clusters of 2-4 on slender peduncles ; bracts 3 to 9-foliolate ; calyx peeply 5-cleft, 5 lines long, viscid-pilose, the narrow acute lobes about twice as long as the tube; corolla pale blue, 6-10 lines long; the broad obtuse lobes exceeding the tube; filaments dilated at base, pilose-appendaged ; style 3-cleft at the apex included ; seeds 3-4 in each cell. Humtulips, Chehalis Co. Washington. ” | P. luteum. Slightly pubescent: stems slender, ascending, 6-18 inches long leafy, cymosely 3-9-flowered: leaflets 11-21, oblong to almost lanceo- late, acute, or the terminal ones rounded at the apex, 2-8 lines long, the lower ones smallest: calyx open-campanulate, 4-6 lines long, cleft nearly to the base, the ample lobes lanceolate, often more or less acuminate: corolla yellow, 8-10 lines long, the ample obovate lobes 3 or 4 times as long as the tube: filaments slender, pubescent at base, about halfas long as the corolla-lobes. In forests of the Cascade Mountains Oregon. § 3 Leaflets very small and crowded so as seemingly to be ver- | ticillate. Inflorescence capitate-congested or spiciform. Corolla strictly or even narrowly funnelform ; its tube more or less exceed- ing the oblong or cylindraceous calyx, prominently longer than its lobes. Filaments naked or nearly so, not dilated at base, usu- ally inserted on the middle of the tube, or occasionally adnate higher. p. econfertum Gray Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863. Stems 10-12 inches high from a tufted rootstock, glandular-pubescent and viscid, musky-frag- rant: petioles of the radical leaves conspicuously scarious-dilated and sheathing at base: leaflets 1-3 lines long, mostly 2-3-divided and so appear- ing as if in fascicles or whorls; the divisions from round-oval to oblong- linear: flowers densely crowded, heavy-scented: corolla deep blue, 6-12 lines long, its rounded lobes 2-3 lines long: ovules about 3 in each cell. Bleak points on the highest mountains Idaho to the Rocky Mountains and California. OrperR LXIV HYDROPHYLLACEZ Lindl. Nat. Syst. 271. Herbs, or rarely shrubs, with colorless insipid juice, alter- nate or sometimes opposite leaves without stipules, and mostly a scorpioid bractless inflorescence or the scorpioid cymes more commonly reduced to geminate or solitary false spikes or racem- es which in descriptions may be termed spikes or racemes. Calyx 5-parted or nearly 5 sepalous inferior and free from the ovary. Hypogynous disk at the base of the ovary often con- spicuous. Corolla regularly 5-lobed, with the 5 stamens borne on the base or lower part, and alternate with its lobes. Styles 2, distinct or partly united, or rarely completely united: stigma terminal. Ovules amphitropous or anatropous, from 4 to ver many, pendulous or when numerous almost horizontal. Fruit a 2-valved capsule, 1-celled with 2 parietal placentsx, or incom- pletely 2-celled by the approximation or meeting of the placentz, or even completely 2-celled by their union in the axis. Seeds with a close and usually reticulated or pitted coat, and a small 464 % HYDROPHYLLACEA HYDROPHYLLUM or slender embryo in cartilaginous or firm-fleshy a]bumen. TriIBe 1 Ovary and capsule strictly 1-celled, lined with a pair of expanded placente. Capsule loculicidally dehiscent 1 Hydrophyllum Root perennial or biennial: leaves all alternate: calyx nearly unchanged in fruit: style and stamens exserted. 2 Nemophila Root annual: some or all of the leaves opposite: calyx en- larged in fruit: stamens and style shorter than the corolla. TRIBE 1t Ovary either strictly 1-celled or 2-celled by the meet- ing of the narrow placente in the axis. * Leaves all or all but the lowest alternate. + Style 2-cleft, at least at the apex. 3 Phacelia Corolla not yellow, deciduous: stamens equally inserted low down on the corolla. 4 Emmenanthe Corolla yellow or yellowish, persistent: stamens equally - inserted low down on the corolla. 5 Conanthus Corolla purple, deciduous, funnelfurm; the slender fila- ments unequally inserted more or less high up on its tube. + + Style and even the stigma entire. 6 Romanzoftia Corolla white or pink, funnelform; the stamens inserted on the base of the tube. * * Leaves and 1-flowered peduncles all radical: style 2-cleft at the apex. 7 Capnorea Corolla campanulate or rotate, with the stamens inserted on its base. TRIBE 1 Ovary completely or incompletely 2-celled. Cap- sule loculicidal bearing the half dissepiments on their middle. 8 Nama Mostly low herbs: capsule membranaceous, the valves and pla- centze undivided. 9 Eriodictyon Shrubby plants: ss psg crustaceous, loculicidal then septicidal, thus apparently 4-valved. Tribe 1 Hydrophyllee B. & H. Gen. ti, 825. Calyx sometimes appendaged at the sinuses. Corolla mostly convolute in the bud. Style more or less 2-cleft at the apex. Ovary hispid, at least ut the apex, strictly l-celled, lined with expanded, at first fleshy, at matur- ity thin and membranaceous placentx, which form a lining to the pericarp, and enclose the 4 or more amphitropous ovules. Capsule globose, Seeds by abortion commonly fewer than ovules, globular or angled by mutual pressure: albumen cartilaginous. 1 HYDROPHYLLUM Tourn. L. Gen. n. 204. Perennial herbs with alternate petioled and lobed or divided leaves and small flowers in terminal scorpioid racemes or heads on long naked peduncles. Calyx early open, without appendages at the sinuses, nearly unchanged in fruit. Corolla campanulate, the tube within bearing a linear longitudinal appendage opposite each lobe with infolded edges, forming a nectariferous groove. —— bo Lats (ais ae = oo i T=” ey CSC eDMONRYLLUM HYDROPHYLLACE 465 NEMOPHILA Filaments slender. long-exserted, bearded at the middle ; anthers linear or oblong, inflexed in the bud. Style slender, long-exsert- ed. Seeds 1-4, ovules only four. H. capitatum Doug]. Benth in Linn. Trans. xvii, 273 Retrorsely his- pid with minute white hairs: stems often tufted. 4-12 inches high from a small fascicle of thickened perennial perpendicular roots: one-several- leaved, erect in flower, recurving and often prostrate in fruit: leaves long- petioled, exceeding the stems, pinnately 5-7-parted or at base divided; the lanceolate divisions entire or often 2-3-lobed or 2-3-cleft, all mucron- ate-tipped: flowers in a dense capitate cluster: calyx very hispid, parted nearly to the base, with linear-oblong, obtuse divisions: corolla blue, but little longer than the calyx: filaments twice as long as the corolla; anthers oblong, attached near the middle; style equalling the stamens, 2-lobed: seed a line in diameter. Under shrubs &c. Brit. Columbia to California east of the Cascade Mountains, H. occidentale Gray Proc. Am. Acad. x, 314. Pubescent, hirsute, or sparingly hispid : stems erect, usually numerous from a fascicle of fleshy- fibrous roots, 12-18 inches high: leaves elongated-oblong in general out- line, pinnately parted or divided into 7-15 oblong, mostly incised or cleft obtuse divisions 1-2 inches long: peduncles rather slender, elongated, often surpassing the subtending leaf: cymes mostly dense or capitate: calyx deeply parted, its divisions lanceolate and rather obtuse: corolla white to violet-purple, 4-5 lines long: anthers oblong-linear. In moist shady places, Washington to California. Var. Fendleri Gray |. c. | Pubescence mainly hirsute or hispid, not at all canescent or cinereous: divisions of the leaves broader, acute or acu- minate, incisely serrate: peduncles shorter: cyme rather open: corolla white or nearly so. In shaded ravines, Mount Adams Washington to Col- orado and New Mexico. H. Virginicum L. Sp. 146. Pubescent with short scattered hairs: stems few or solitary from a short scaly rootstock, 1-2 feet high: leaves very long-petioled, ovate or cordate in outline, 3-5-parted or divided, the lobes or divisions 2-4 inches long, ovate-lanceolate to rhombic-ovate, acute or acuminate, coarsely incised-toothed, the lowest commonlv 2-cleft, and the terminal one often 3-lobed: peduncle elongated, at length surpassing the leaves, usually orce or twice forked; cymes at length open: calyx par- ted to the very base Into linear and spreading hispid-ciliate acute divisions : corolla nearly white, or sometimes deep violet, 3-4 lines long: filaments more than twice as long as the corolla; anthers oblong, attached below the middle. In rich damp woods, Oregon to Alaska and across the Continent. 2 NEMOPHILA Nutt. Jour. Acad. Phila’. ii, 179. Annuals with mostly opposite and usually pinnatifid leaves, and usually large flowers on rather long axillary peduncles. Calyx deeply 5-cleft or 5-parted, with a reflexed or spreading ap- pendage in each sinus, enlarged in fruit. Corolla rotate or nearly campanulate, usually longer than the calyx : the base within most- ly with 10 appendages. Stamens shorter than the corolla: anthers usually sagittate-oblong, Ovules 4-20. Seeds commonly witha deciduous or more persistent caruncle. N. Menziesii H. & A. Bot. Beech. 125. Sparingly strigose-pubescent: diffusely branched from the base, the branches mostly prostrate, 2-10 inches long: leaves oblong in outline on rather short winged petioles, 3-9 parted into rounded obovate lobes 1-2 lines long: peduncles 2-3 inches 466 HYDROPHYLLACEA NEMOPHILA long: calyx hirsute, deeply parted, with lanceolate lobes and linear appen- dages: corolla an inch or less in diameter, rotate, the ample obcordate lobes white or light blue speckled with dark blue: scales at the base of the short tube narrow, wholly adherent their free edge densely hirsute-ciliate : ovules 8-24: seeds 5-15, globular, with a very prominent papilleform ca- runcle. Common in open places, Willamette Valley Oregon to California. N. pedunculata Dougl. Hook. Fl. ii, 79. Minutely hispid: stems slender, 2-6 inches high, paniculately branched: leaves bipinnatifid or the upper ones pinnate only, with rounded lobes: calyx 5-parted, with oblong acute lobes, the appendages iu the sinuses very small or obsolete: corolla white, 4-5 lines broad, the obovate emarginate lobes longer than the tube and surpassing the calyx; appendages in the throat broad and glabrous: stamens inserted on the base of the corolla and not longer than its tube: ovales: a pair to each placenta: seeds globose; the caruncle at length eva- nescent. In damp places, southern Oregon to California. N. parviflora Dougl. Hook. Fl. ii, 79. Rough-pubescent with short retrorse hairs: stems slender, 4-16 inches long branching from the base, prostrate or ascending: leaves broadly ovate in outline 6-10 lines long by 4-8 lines broad, pinnately 5-lobed, with ovate acute and mucronate lobes, the lower sometimes coarsely 2-3-toothed ; petiole shorter than the blade: Loe a slender, an inch or less long in fruit: calyx 2 lines long or less, eeply 5-lobed with ‘anceolate lobes inconspicuous linear appendages : corolla white, campanulate, but little longer than the calyx, the rounded obovate lobes longer than the tube, the appendages in the throat linear and glabrous, or almost obsolete: stamens inserted on the base and not exceeding the tube of the corolia: anthers short, cordate, very obtuse: ovary 4-ovuled, very hispid: capsule much longer than the calyx, 1-4- seeded. Common in forests, western Oregon and Washington. N. densa. N. parviflora Gray in part. Sparingly pilose: stem some- what succulent, decumbent and spreading from the base, forming dense round mats 2-3 inches in diameter: leaves oblong in outline, 6-7 lines long by 2-4 lines broad, pinnately 7-parted, with obovate, barely apicu- ate lobes: calyx 14% lines long, with subulate lobes and linear appenda- ges: corolla blue, campanulate or more open, twice as long as the calyx; the broad lobes longer than the tube: the ovary 4-ovuled, pubescent: cap- sule longer than the calyx, 1-4-seeded. Under small trees in open places, Washington to California. N. breviflora Gray Proc. Am. Acad. xi, 315. Stem erect, 4-10 inches high, weak, branching from the base: leaves sometimes all alternate, pin- nately 5-parted, the divisions approximate, oblong-lanceolate, acute, entire, 3-9 lines long: peduncles seldom exceeding the petioles: appendages of the - calyx nearly half the length of the proper lobes, both ciliate, with long hir- sute bristles: corolla whitish or tinged with violet, broadly short-campan- ulate, decidedly shorter than the calyx; the lobes considerably shorter than the tube; appendages in the throat cuneate, the broad free summit fim- briate-incised: style minutely 2-cleft at the apex : seed usually solitary, almost filling the cel!, globular, nearly smooth and even; the caruncle evanescent. In the Blue Mountains of Oregon. i Tribe 2 Phaceliexr B. & H. Gen. wu, 826. Calyx naked at the sinuses, deeply 5-parted. Corolla imbricated in the bud. Style, from 2-parted to entire: the branches at the apex or the stigmas ob- scurely if at all thickened. Ovary mostly hispid or pubescent, at least at the apex, either strictly 1-celled or 2-celled by the meeting of the linear or lanceolate placentx in the axis: these separating in the loculicidal dehiscence and borne on the middle of the semiseptif- PHACELIA HYDROPHYLLACEX 467 erous valves, or sometimes falling away. 2 PHACELIA Juss. Gen. 127. Annual or perennial herbs with alternate simple or compound leaves, and more or less scorpioid cymes, or so called spikes or racemes, of blue purple or white flowers Calyx-lobes all similar or nearly so, more or less enlarging in fruit, deciduous, at least thrown off by the enlarging capsule, except in P. sericea; the tube with or sometimes without appendages within: these when present generally in the form of 10 vertical folds or lamellar projections in pairs either adnate to or free from and alternate with the base of the slender filaments. Stamens equally inserted low down on the corolla. Ovules and seeds when reduced to a pair collateral and nearly as long as the cell. Seed-coat reticulated or pitted. § EupHacetia B. & H. Gen, ii, 818. Lobes of the campanu- late corolla entire ; the tube with 10 laminate appendages in pairs at the base of the stamens. Ovules a pair to each placenta. Seeds as many as ovules, or by abortion fewer, areolate-reticulate or favose. * Lower leaves and all the branches opposite: spikes or branches of the cyme hardly at all scorpioid: pedicels shorter than the calyx. P. Pringlei Gray Pre. Am. Acad xvii, 223. Stem slender, 2-6inches high from an annual root, glandular and pubescent : leaves linear-lanceolate, entire, tapering at,base, obscurely petioled, only the uppermost alternate: calyx-lobes linear, 3 lines long, about half as long as the very open-cam- panulate blue corolla, longer than the globose capsule: seeds angled and not hollowed ventrally. On the mountains of southern Oregon and north- ern California. * Pubescence or some of it hispid or hirsute: spikes or branches of the cyme scorpioid and dense: pedicels short or hardly any: appen- dages of the corolla broad and salient, usually more or less united at the base of the filaments. + Leaves all simple and entire, or some of the lower pinnately 3-5-parted or divided; the segments or leaflets entire: capsule ovate, acute: seeds densely alveolate-punctate, the upper end acutish. P. nemoralis Greene Pitt. i, 141. Perennial, often flowering the first year from seed, 2-6 feet high stout, loosely branching; hispid throughout and destitute of canescent pubescence: leaves simple and entire or the lower ones more or less lobed or parted at the base, ovate-oblong, 2-6 inches long, petiolate, rugose and without conspicuous parallel veins; ra- cemes geminate, short and spreading, slender but not loose: corolla small, greenish-yellow: stamens exserted: fruiting calyx round-ovate or nearly globose; the oblanceolate calyx-lobes spreading away from the capsule be- low, connivent over it above: seeds 2, (the other 2 ovules always abortive, ) ovate, acutish, deeply pitted, dark brown. In rich alluvial soil, Washing- ton to Californ‘a. P. mutabilis Greene Erythea iv, 55. ‘‘ Biennial, erect, slender, 10 to 18 inches high, not much branched, sparingly leafy, the radical leaves few and ascending, not forming a depressed tuft, sparsely hirsute through- out, and with a short somewhat villous pubescence beneath the hirsute: leaves of thin texture, mostly entire and simple, elliptic, acute, some of the radical with a pair of pinne at the summit of tLe slender petiole: ra- 468 HYDROPHYLLACE 4 PHACELIA cemes several, terminal and subterminal: corolla nearly cylindrical, either deep purple or ochroleucous: mature calyx-segments narrowly oblanceo- late, or some of them more dilated at summit, hispid with spreading bairs, without finer pubescence : capsule small, ovate, acuminate mostly 4-seeded. In rich moist soil, southeastern Oregon and adjacent California. P. heterophylla Pursh Fl 140. P. circinata. Jacg.-? Hispid and the foliage canescent: stem stout, 6-24 inches high from a perennial root: leaves from lanceolate to ovate, acute, pinnately and obliquely striate- veined, the lower tapering into a petiole and commonly some of them with 1 or 2 pairs of small lateral leaflets: inflorescence hispid; the dense spikes thyrsoid-congested : corolla bluish, longer than the oblong-lanceolate or linear calyx-lobes: filaments much exserted, sparingly bearded. Dry grounds and rocky ridges, Brit. Columbia to California. P. virgata Greene Erythea iv, 54. Hispid and the foliage strigose: stem usually solitary, erect and strict, simple, 1-2 feet tigh from an annual or biennial root: leaves pinnate or the upper ones simple and entire, leaflets lanceolate, acute or acuminate, 6-12 lines long, strongly pinna‘e- veined: flowers in dense glomerules in a long virgate spike or thyrsus; in- florescence hispid; sepals oblong-lanceolate, corolla white or yellowish, little exceeding the calyx; filaments long exserted, often curved or twisted, pubescent. Dry ground, southwestern Oregon. P. leucophylla Torr. Frem. Rep. 95. Perennial by a stout rootstock, pale, densely silky-pubescent, the hairs appressed or ascending: stems sim- ple or branched, 12-18 inches high: leaves lanceolate to oblong, entire; - pinnately veined, 2-4 inches long, 4-12 lines wide, the lower long-petioled, the upper sessile or nearly so; spike-like bran: hes of the scorpioid cymes ‘very dense, nearly straight and 1-3 inches long when expanded: flowers sessile, very numerous, about 4 lines high: calyx-lobes hispid, oblong-lan- ceolate or linear. somewhat shorter than the white or bluish, 5-lobed corolla; corolla-appendages conspicuous, in pairs between the filaments; stamens exserted glabrous; ovules 2 on each placenta; capsule ovoid: In dry soil, Tdaho to Dakota and Nebraska. P. humilis T. & G, Pac. R. Rep ii, 122. Pubescent or the inflorescence ¢ often hirsute: stem 8-10 inches high from an annual root, diffusely bran- ched from the base: leaves spatulate-oblong or oblanceolate, rather obtuse; the lower rarely with 1 or 2 lateral ascending lobes. the veins branching: spikes loosely paniculate or solitary, in age rather slender: pedicels either all very short, or the lower sometimes almost as long as the calyx: corolla indigo-blue, rather deeply lobed, surpassing the linear calyx-lobes: fila- ments moderately exserted, glabrous or sparingly bearded above: capsule ovate, acute, 144 lines long, 4-seeded: seeds a line long, minutely pitted. Eastern Oregon to Nevada and California. + + Leaves simple, all petioled rounded-cordate, somewhat pal- mately lobed or incised, the lobes serrate. ‘P. malveflora Cham. Lion. iv, 494. Rather tall and stout, hispid with spreading or reflexed bristles and the foliage more or less pubescent : leaves green and membranaceous, round-cordate, incisely 5-9-lobed, acutely toothed, somewhat palmately ribbed at base: flowering spikes solitary or geminate, an inch long: corolla 3-4 lines long, white, longer than the un- equal linear and spatulate calyx-lobes: stamens exserted : seeds alveolate- scabrous. Along the coast, southern Oregon and California, P. Rattani Gray Syn, Fl. Supp. 413. Hispid with slender stinging bristles throughout: root annual: stem slender and weak, 6-18 inches high: leaves oval to oblong-ovate, with truncate or barely subcordate base, 1n- cisely somewhat lobed and crenate, only the lower palmately veined at 7 c= Weed Sa ae PHACEL(A | HYDROPHYLLACE® 469 base: spikes slender, often solitary, short and rather loosely flowered: calyx of 4 spatulate and 1 larger obovate sepals: corolla obovate 2 lines long, whitish: stamens and style included; seeds small, alveolate. In shady places along streams, southern Oregon to California. + + + Leaves from simple and pinnately dentate or lobed to pin- nately compound: flowers crowded in the scorpioid spikes. P. ramosissima Dougl. Hook. Fl. ii, 80. Stems rather stout and branching, 1-3 feet long, spreading or ascending from a perennial root, leaves pubescent, 5-9-lobed or divided into oblong or narrower pinnatifid or incised divisions: inflorescence hispid; spikes glomerate, short and dense, but little elorgated in age: flowers subsessile and in fruit ascending on the rachis: calyx-lobes entire, linear-spatulate to obovate: corolla fun- nelform, but little exceeding the calyx; the appendages within witha truncate free apex: filaments exserted, glabrous: capsule ovate or short- ovoid, much shorter than the calyx; seeds oblong, rounded on the back. On rocky hills and banks, eastern Oregon and Washington to California. P. ciliata Benth. Linn. Trans. xvii, 280. More or less pubescent: stem erect or ascending, scabrous, 3-12 inches high, from an annual root: leaves 1-3 inches long, pinnately parted or the lower divided and the upper merely cleft; the oblong divisions or lobes pinnatifid-incised : spikes rather short and in fruit rather loose: pedicels short or hardly any ascending: calyx-lobes from lanceolate to ovate, accrescent and becoming venose-reti- culated in age, then sparingly ciliate with short rigid bristles, 4-5 lines long: corolla but little surpassing the calyx, its appendages short and broad, near the base of the tube: filaments not exceeding the corolla: capsule ovate, mucronate, half as long as the fruiting calyx: seedsoval smoothish. Eas- tern Oregon to California. § Evutroca Gray Man. ed. 2, 329. Appendages of the mostly campanulate corolla in the form of 10 vertical salient lamelle. Capsule ovate or oblong. Ovules and seeds 6-50 on each placenta; ° the testa areolate-reticulated or favose-pitted, but not transverse- ly rugose.. P. Belanderi Gray Proc. Am. Acad. x, 322. Hispid with slender bristles, also viscid-pubescent, especially above : stems several, from a peren- nial root, stout, erect or ascending, 1-2 feet high, freely branching: radical and lower catiline leaves lyrate, and oblong in outline, with 1 or 2 pairs of small and incised lateral divisions: the terminal division and upper leaves ovate or oval, coarsely incised or lobed, truncate or subcordate at base: calyx-lobes hispid, at length spatulate, 3 or in fruit 4 lines long: corolla nearly rotate when expanded, 8-12 lines in diameter, white or blue; its appendages semi-ovate, almost as broad as long, distinctly connected at base in front of the adnate and sparingly bearded filaments: stamens about equalling the corolla; anthers oblong: style cleft nearly to the mid- dle: capsule broadly ovate, acute, shorter than the calyx: seeds about 50 on each dilated placenta. Southern Oregon to California, near the coast. i’. procera Gray Proc. Am. Acad. x, 323. Stems several from a perennia! root, erect, 3-7 feet high, minutely soft-pubescent; the summit of the simple stems glandular but not hispid: leaves green and membran- aceous, 2-5 inches long, ovate-lanceolate and ovate, acute, mostly laciniate- pinnatifid or cleft: the lobes 2 to 4 pairs and acute: spikes of the glom- erate or bifid cyme somewhat lengthened in age: calyx-lobes oblong-lan- ceolate, minutely hispid: corolla ochroleucous, the semi-cordate oblique appendages united over the base of the sparsely bearded filament: stamens exserted : anthers oblong, style 2 cleft above the middle: capsule globular- 470 HYDROPHYLLACEZ PHACELIA ovate, hardly mucronate : seeds 10-18, wing-angled. In the high mountains of Brit. Columbia to California. P. sericea Gray Am. Jour. Sci. ser. 2, xxxiv, 254. Stems 8-12 inches high from a branching perennial caudex, silky-pubescent or canescent or the simple yirgate stems and inflorescence villous-hirsute, leafy to the top: leaves pinnately parted into linear or narrow-oblong numerous and often again few-cleft or pinnatifid divisions, silky-canescent or sometime greenish : the lower petioled; the uppermost simpler and nearly sessile: short spikes crowded in a naked spike-like thyrsus: calyx-lobes linear, minutely hispid: corolla blue or whitish, very open-campanulate, cleft to the middle, mar- cescent-persistent ; its appendages oblong, vertical, wholly free from the filaments: stamens long-exserted ; anthers short-oval: style 2-cleftat the a- pex : capsule ovate, short-acuminate, a little longer than the calyx and mar- cescent corolla, 12-18 seeded: seeds ovate-oblong, terete, acutish, longitud- inally costate and transversely alveolate-reticulaited. On high mountains, Oregon and Washington to the Arctic regions and the Rocky Mountains. P. Franklinii Gray Man. ed. 2, 329. Villous-pubescent throughout: stem erect, 6-18 inches high, from an annual root, simple or corymbosely branched at the summit: leaves 144-3 inches lomg, pinnately parted into 7-15 linear or linear-oblong acute entire dentate or incised segments: flow- ers blue to nearly white, short pediceled, in dense scorpioid racemes: calyx-lobes linear-lanceolate, acute, longer than the tube of the rotate- campanulate corolla: appendages of the corolla long and narrow, free at the apex, and at base free from the filaments: stamens about as long as the corolla; anthers short: style 2-cleft at the apex: capsule ovate, acute, about equalling the calyx, seeds numerous, oval,minutely alveolate in ver- tical lines. Along the Snake river southwestern Idaho to Lake Superior. P. Menziesii Torr. Watson Bot. King 252. Hispid or roughish-hirsute, and usually cinereous-pubescent also: stem erect, 4-12 inches high froman. annual root, at length paniculately branched :leaves mostly sessile, linear- lanceolate, entire or some of them deeply cleft; the lobes few or single, lin- ear or lanceolate entire: spikes or spike like racemes thyrsoid-paniculate, at length elongated and erect : calyx-lobes linear, hispid-ciliate, 4-5 lines long: corolla blue varying to white, rotate-campanulate, 6-10 lines in diameter; its appendages connivent in pairs opposite the lobes, forming 5 nectarifer- ous grooves: alternate stamens shorter than the vorolla: style 2-cleft at the apex: capsule ovate, acuminate, about half the length of the calyx: ovules 12-16: seeds oblong coarsely favose-reticulated. Common in dry grounds, Oregon and Washington to California, Brit. Columbia and Montana. P. verna Howell Erythea iii, 35. Soft-pubescent and cinereous: stem 4-10 inches high from an annual root, paniculately branched: leaves obovate tospatulate, entiré or rarely some of the lower ones incisely toothed, abruptly contracted below to a winged petiole, or the upper ones sessile: corolla pale blue, but little exceeding the calyx, open-campanulate, cleft to the middle, its appendages broad and free from the filaments; calyx-lobes linear-lanceolate, 2-3 lines long, hirsute: stamens exserted, anthers oval; style deeply 2-cleft,hispidulous: capsule ovoid, acuminate, more than half the length of the calyx ; seeds 8-12, oblong to obovate, favose- pitted. On rocky ridges in the Umpqua Valley, Oregon. § 3 Microcenetes B. & H. Gen. ii 828. Low annuals with mostly pinnatifid leaves. Appendages in the corolla present or rarely wanting Style 2-cleft only at the apex. Stamens unequal, not exserted. Ovules several on each placenta. Seeds oblong, strongly corrugated transversely. P. Ivesiana Torr. Bot. Ives 21. Hirsute-pubescent and glandular: PHACELIA HYDROPHYLLACE 2 471 EMMENANTHE stem 6-10 inches high, diffusely branched from the base: leaves pinnately parted into 7-15 linear or oblong and entire or incisely few-toothed lobes rarely bipinnatifid: racemes loose, 6-20 flowered: sepals linear, minutely ciliate, 2 lines long: corolla white or pale purple, slightly longer than the calvx,itsappendages adnate to the filaments only at base,vertical, long and narrow: style hairy below: capsule oblong, 16-24-seeded: seeds strongly oe ae Dry plains eastern Oregon and Washington to California an tah, P. bicolor Torr. Watson Bot. King 255. Viscid-puberulent: stem 6-8 inches high, diffusely much branched: leaves pinnately parted and the divisions again irregularly pinnatifid into small nearly linear lobes: racemes spiciform, loosely 10-20-flowered: calyx divided to the base, the lobes linear-spatulate, 3-4 lines long, often unequal: corolla nearly funnelform, 6-8 lines long, with violet lobes yellow throat and white tube; its appen- dages long and narrow, united for more than half their length with the fil- ament forming a long tubular cavity behind it: capsule ovate oblong: seeds about 16; minutely corrugated. Under Junipers, southeastern Oregon - to Nevada and California ; 4 EMMENANTHE Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. xvii, 281. Low annual herbs with alternate, pinnatfid or entire leaves and yellow flowers in simple circinate racemes. Calyx 5-parted, the sinuses naked. Corolla yellow, campanulate, 5-cleft, without appendage persistent. Stamens included, inserted at the very base of the corolla, with slender filaments and elliptic anthers. Nectary or disk annular, surrounding the base of the ovary, rather thick, free or adnate to the base of the corolla. Ovary ovoid or oblong, compressed, 2-celled. by the union of the placentae in the axis, many .ovuled: style 2-lobed at the summit, subpersistent: stigmas capitellate. Capsule ovoid or oblong, incompletely 2-cell- ed. Seeds 2-20 reticulated, or pitted and transversely rugose, pendent. | : E. parviflora Gray Pac. R. Rep. iv, 85, t. 15. Densely pubescent and viscid ; depressed annual: leaves deeply pinnatifid : flowers crowded in short spikes or racemes, on very short pedicels: corolla bright yellow, 2-3 lines long, merely 5-lobed, not longer than the linear obscurely spatu- late calyx-lobes, withering persistent and enclosing the capsule; the tube within furnished with 10 narrow appendages: style hardly longer than the ovary, persistent: ovules 20-40; seeds 15- 20. Shores of Klamath Lake regon. E. lutea Gray Proc. Am. Acad. x, 328. Somewhat canescent with a fine pubescence, and viscid above: stem ascending or depressed, much branched from the base: leaves oblong in outline, 1-2 inches long, petioled, subpinnately parted, the 5-9 lobes entire, oblong or obovate, 1-3 lines long: flowers crowded, on very short pedicels: sepals linear, obtuse, : be- coming 3 lines long: corolla bright yellow, narrowly campanulate, merely 5-lobed, equalling the calyx, persistent at the base of the capsule, the tube within furnished with 10 narrow appendages: style filiform, much longer than the ovary, persistent: ovary densely hairy, about 11-ovuled: capsule 3 lines long acutish, 8-10-seeded: seeds oblong, finely reticulated as well as rugose. Southeastern Oregon to Nevada and California. E. pusilla Gray Proc. Am. Acad. xi, 87. Pubescent: stem 1-2 inches high, at length diffusely branched: leaves spatulate or oblong-lanceolate, entire or nearly so, 2-5 inches long, tapering into.a petiole of equal length: 472 HYDROPHYLLACE# CONANTHUS ROMANZOFFIA peduncles: slender, loosely and racemosely 3-7-flowered, the earliest ones scapiform; pedicels spreading: corolla nearly white, 5-cleft, short-campanu- late, about half as long as the linear obscurely spatulate calyx-lobes and of the ovoid very blunt capsule, persistent, its internal appendages not manifest: style very short, at length deciduous: capsule 8-10-seeded, Southeastern Oregon to Nevada. 5 CONANTHUS Torr. Watson Bot. King 256. Low annuals with entire leaves and solitary flowers in the forks of leafy branches. Calyx 5-parted, the sinuses naked and the lobes not enlarged in fruit. Corolla tubular-tunnelform, with a broad, 5-lobed limb, and no appendages within. Stamens included, un- equal and unequally inserted on the middle of the corolla-tube. Nectary or disk none. Ovary 2-celled, rather many-ovuled. Style 2-lobed at the summit. Capsule rounded-ovate 10-—20-seeded. Seeds ovate or oblong, smooth. | C. aretioides Watson Bot. King 256. Hispid-hirsute throughout: small and depressed winter annual 2-3 inches high, repeatedly forked from the very base, forming mats or tufts: leaves linear-spatulate, narrowed below to a petiole: flowers comparatively large and numerous, sessile in the forks, fully 6 lines long: calyx- filiform-linear, hispid with long spreading hairs: corolla purple, funnelform with rather long narrow tube and ample limb: sty e 2-lobec atthe summit: ovules about 20: seeds usually fewer, the testa thin and translucent, smooth or in age sparsely and obscurely excayated. Southeastern Oregon to Nevada, Arizona and California. 6 ROMANZOFFIA Cham. in Hor. Phys. Berol. 71, t 14. ‘Perennial herbs with alternate or chiefly radical, round, reni- form or cordate, crenately lobed, long-petioled leaves. and showy flowers in loose racemes or somewhat paniculate. Sepals or caylx- lobes all alike. Corolla funnelform or almost campanulate: the stamens inserted on the base of itstube, unequal. Style and small stigma entire. Inflorescence scapiform, loosely racemose. Ovary 2-celled or nearly so, the placentae narrowly linear. Capsule ob- . long. retuse, many-seeded. Seeds oval, the testa alveolate-re- ticulated. | R. Sitchensis Bongard Veg. Sitk. 41+. 4. Slightly and sparsely pu- bescent or glabrate: stems slender, scape-like, spreading or ascending, 4-10 inches long: leaves round-reniform, 3-7-lobed, an inch or less in diameter, on slender petioles 1-4 inches long, the bases of which often enlarge and be- come bulblets: flowers white, in a loose terminal raceme: pedicels filiform. becoming an inch or more long: calyx-lobes very glabrvus, subulate, about 2 lines long: corolla funnelform, 6-8 lines long, 5-lobed, the broad lobes rounded at the summit: style long and slender: capsule longer than the calyx. On wet banks, Califurnia to Alaska west of the Cascade Mountains. 6 CAPNOREA Raf. Fl. Tellur. iii, 75. HESPEROCHIRON Watson. Low stemless perennials with entire spatulate or oblong leaves on mostly elongated margined petioles crowning the caudex or root- stock, and from their axils sending up naked 1-flowered peduncles a er = ~~ -_— ~~ ee ee aw eS _ = CAPNOREA HYDROPHYLLACEZ 473 NAMA equalling or shorter than the leaves. Calyx 5-parted, rarely 6- or 7-parted; the lobes linear-lanceolate, occasionally unequal. Co- rolla campanulate or rotate decidudéts the stamens inserted on the base ofitstube. Style 2-cleft at theapex. Disk none. Ovary 1-celled ; the narrow placentae projecting more or less on incom- plete half-dissepiments: ovules 20 or more on each placenta. Capsule loculicidal, 15-20-seeded. Seeds pretty large with 4 somewhat fleshy minutely reticulated testa. | C. nana Raf. 1. c, Hesperochiron Californicus Watson. Leaves num- erous in a rosulate radical tuft, broadly lanceolate, 1-3 inches long, densely tomentose both sides, contracted below to a broad petiole: peduncles slender, shorter than the leaves, pubescent, recurved in fruit: calyx-lobes linear, 3-4 lines long, densely pubescent; corolla campanulate, 6-8 lines long, hairy within; its lobes shorter than the tube. On wet banks and springy places, eastern Washington to California and Utah C. pumila Greene Erythea ii, 193. Hesperochiron pumilus Porter. Leaves several from the crown of a short usually branching rootstock, lan- ceolate to spatulate, tapering below to a slender petiole, minutely ciliate, otherwise glabrous: peduncles slender, 1-3 inches long. about equalling the leaves, glabrous: sepals lanceolate, about 6 lines long, minutely ciliate: corolla white to purple, rotate, often an inch broad; its broad ovate lobes longer than the tube; the tube within and base of the filaments pubescent. In wet places. eistern Washington to California and Idaho. Tribe 3 Namex B. & H. Gen. vi, 826. Leaves simple, alternate or sometimes imperfectly opposite. Corolla imbricated in the bud, not appendaged within. Style 2-parted, the tips or stigmas com- monly thickened or capitate. Ovary completely or incompletely 2-celled. Capsule loculicidal; the valves bearing the half dissepi- ments on their middle. Seeds with firm-fleshy albumen. 8 NAMA. L. Gen. n. 317. Low herbs or suffrutescent plants of various. habits. : ours low annuals with entire leaves and the flowers terminal or lateral or in the forks of the stem. Corolla funnelform or somewhat sal- verform. Filaments and style filiform, more or less included. Stamens commonly unequal and more or less unequally inserted. Ovules numerous on the transverse lameliform placentze which — approximate or cohere in the axis of the ovary but separate in the loculicidal dehiscence and are borne on the half-dissepiments or half-valves of the capsule. Capsule membranaceous, the valves and placentae undivided. Seeds usually numerous. N. demissum Gray Proc. Am. Acad. viii, 283. Hirsute-pubescent to hispid: stems diffuse or depressed, 2-4 inches long, dichotomously branched: leaves linear-spatulate, 6-15 lines long, all. or most of them tapering into a petiole: flowers subsessile in the forks: sepals linear or setaceous, 4 lines long: corolla purple, narrow-funnelform, about 6 lines long: capsule short-oblong; 10-16-seeded: seeds ovalor oblong. Dry interior revions, Washington to California, Utah and Arizona. 9 ERIODICTYON Benth. Bot. Sulph. 35— Shrubby plants with alternate pinnately veined and finely re- 474 BORAGINACE ERIODICTYON ticulated leaves and violet purple or white flowers in scorpioid cymes. Sepals narrow, not enlarging upward. ~ Corolla funnel- form or approaching campanulate. Filaments more or less in- cluded, inserted on the tube and more or less adnate to it, usually sparsely hirsute. Ovary nearly or completely 2-celled by the meeting of the dilated placentae in the axis. Capsule small, crustaceous, 4-valved, that is first loculicidal then septicidal thus splitting into 4 half-carpels which are closed on one side owing to the widely dilated placentae, and partly open on the other. Seeds rather few, pendulous, | E. glutinosum Benth. 1. c. Glabrous, and glutinous with a balsamic resin: stems erect, 3-5 feet high: leaves lanceolate, 83-6 inches long, irregu- larly more or less serrate, sometimes entire, whitened beneath between the reticulation by a minute and close tomentum, dark green and glabrous above, persistent for more than a year: flowers purple, numerous, in elongated naked thyrsoid cymes: sepals subulate, 2 lines long, sparsely hirsute: corolla 6 lines long, tubular-funnelform, sparsely hairy: capsule globose-ovate, pointed; 2 lines ong. On dry open hillsides, southern Oregon to California. ~ OrpER LXV. BORAGINACE Lindl, Nat. Syst. ed. 2, 274. Mostly scabrous or hispid-hairy plants with bland watery juice, mostly alternate entire leaves without stipules and rather small regular flowers in scorpioid racemes spikes or cymes. Flowers perfect, generally 5-merous. se free from the ovary, usually persistent. Corolla gamopetalous, mostly regu- lar and 5-lobed, sometimes crested or appendaged in the throat. Hypogynous disk usually present but inconspicuous. Stamens inserted on the throat or tube of the corolla, as many as and alternate with its lobes. Style simple, rising between the divisions of a deeply 4-parted ovary, or from the summit of an undivided one. Ovary of 2 biovuled entire or more commonly deeply 2-lobed carpels, making it appear like 4 l-ovuled car- pels. Ovules anatropous or amphitropous. Fruit 4, or by abortion fewer, nutlets, or a drupe containing 2-4 nutlets or cells, rarely reduced to one. Seeds with little or no albumen, and straight or curved embryo with superior or centripetal radical. | I Ovary undivided and surmounted by the style. TrIBE 1 Low herbs shrubs or trees. Style once forked: the branches tipped with a simple stigma. Coldenia Corolla-lobes imbricated or partly convolute in the bud: style simply and deeply 2-cleft: fruit separating into 4 dry carpels. TRIBE 11 Herbs cr sometimes shrubby plants. Style terminal, sometimes very short or none, entire. Stigma a fleshy ring, or margin of a disk, often surmounted by a mostly conical appendage. 2 Heliotropium Corolla-lobes imbricated in the bud with the sinuses plait- e1: fruit splitting into 4 one-seeded or 2 two-celled and 2-seeded carpels. EE ee ee — = ? eT ee ae * BORAGINACEX 475 II Ovary 4-parted ( rarely 2-parted ) from above into 1-celled 1-ovuled divisions surrounding the style: Stigma not annular, terminal. Nutlets attached toa central depressed or elevated disk receptacle or axis called the gynobase. TriBe ut Mostly herbs with entire leaves. Flowers chiefly near but not in the axils of bracts or leaves or bractless, in scorpi- oid spikes or racemes. pape * Corolla and stamens regular: style entire or sometimes barely 2-cleft at the apex. + Ovary 4-parted or 4 lobed: fruit of 4 nutlets or by abortion fewer, subtended or surrounded by the unchanged or merely accrescent calyx. 7 = Nutlets divergent or divaricate. 8 Pectocarya Small annuals with minute white flowers: nutlets flat and thin, attached at the inner end underneath to a small depressed gynobase. 4 Cynoglossum Stout perennial or biennial herbs with blue flowers in bractless racemes: nutlets equally divergent, horizontal or obliquely ascending on a depressed or pyramidal gynobase. ++ ++ Nutlets erect and parallel with the style or sometimes incurved. = Nutlets attached obliquely by more or less of the ventral face or - angle or by the base or prolongation of it to the more or less elevated gynobase, not stipitate and the scar not excavated. a Nutlets.armed with glochidiate prickles, forming burs. 6 Lappula Annual or perennial herbs: corolla short-salverform or some- what funnelform, blue or white; the throat closed with prominent fornicate appendages. b Nutlets very variable, from nearly smooth to glochidiate. 6 Eritrichium Nutlets obliquely ascending, with depressed or truncate- complanate back bordered by an acute margin or at length revolute, entire or dentate or spinulose wing. 7? Allocarya Mostly annuals with opposite leaves and white flowers: pedicels turbinate-thickened and more or less 5-angled, persistent: corolla salverform. c Nutlets unarmed. 8 Piptocalyx Small annuals with alternate or scattered leaves and small white flowers on very short persistent pedicels: calyx circumscissile near the middle. the upper part soon falling away: nutlets straight, attached for nearly their whole length to a subulate gynobase. ' 9 Eremocarya Hirsute-canescent small annuals with most of the leaves in a radical tuft and small white flowers on persistent pedicels in gem- _ inate racemes; the root giving a deep purple stain. 10 Plagiobothrys Annual herbs with most of the leaves in rosulate radical tufts and small flowers'on slender persistent pedicels: nutlets more or less incurved, attached in the middle of the concave ventral face to a globular gynobase. 11 Oreocarya Stout perennial or biennial herbs with scattered leaves and comparatively large flowers on filiform persistent pedicels: nutlets attached by the inner angle to a slender gynobase. 476 BORAGINACEA£ COLDENIA 12 Cryptanthe Mostly slender annuals with alternate leaves and small flowers on slender deciduous pedicels; nutlets attached from the base upward to a pyramidal gynobase. 18 Amsineckia Coarse annua!s with alternate leaves and yellow flowers: nutlets attached below the middle to an oblong pyramidal gynobase. 14 Mertensia Perennial herbs with alternate leaves and blue or white flowers on slender persistent pedicels: nutlets attached near the base ‘to a convex gynobase, wrinkled when mature and dry. 15 Pneumaria Maritime fleshy branching herbs with alternate leaves and blue to nearly white flowers: nutlets attached just above their bases to a somewhat elevated gynobase, fleshy, smooth and shining when mature. = = Nutlets sessile, attached by the very base to a plain gynobase. 16 Myosotis Annual or perennial herbs with white or blue flowers in bractless racemes: nutlets thin-crustaceous, smooth. 17 Lithospermum Perennial or annual herbs with white or yellow flowers in bracted racemes: nutlets bony. . Tribe 1 Ehretiex DC. Prodr. ix, 602. Herbs shrubs or trees. Style once bifid or two-parted. Stigmas more or less capitate. Co- tyledons plain. | 1 COLDENIA L. Gen. n. 173. Low herbaceous or suffrutescent plants with entire leaves and numerous small white sessile flowers usually in clusters. Calyx 5-parted, or in the original species 4-parted, the divisions narrow. Corolla short-funnelform or nearly salverform, seldom much sur- passing the calyx, the lobes rounded, imbricated or sometimes partly convolute in the bud. Stamens included. Style 2-cleft - or 2-parted. Stigmas more or less capitate. Ovary entire or laterally 4-lobed, 4-celled. Ovules anatropous, pendulous. Fruit dry, separating at maturity into 4 one-seeded nutlets, or by abor- tion fewer. Seeds without albumen. C. Nuttallii Hook. Kew Journ. Bot. iii, 296. Canescently pubescent and sparsely hispid prostrate annual, repeatedly and divergently dichoto- mous: leaves ovate or rhomboid-rotund, 2-4 lines long, on petioles longer than the blade, with 2 or at most 3 pairs of strong and somewhat curving veins, the margins somewhat revolute: flowers densely clustered in the forks and at the ends of the naked branches: calyx-lobes linear, sparsely hispid, equalling the tube of the pink or white corolla: filaments shorter than the anthers, inserted nearly in the throat of the corolla; the tube of which bears 5 short obtuse scales near the base: fruit deeply 4-lobed ; the thin-walled nutlets rounded and united only at the centre, smooth and shining, oblong-ovate, marked with a linear and raphe-like ventral scar: embryo straight: cotyledons very deeply horseshve-form, their elongated bases almost enclosing the radical. Arid plains, eastern Washington to California, Utah and Arizona. — Tribe it, Heliotropiex Endl. Gen. 646. Leaves entire, rarely denticulate. Inflorescence more or less scorpioid. Style entire, sometimes wanting. Stigma peltate-annular, forming a complete ring, surmounted usually dy an entire or 2-lobed hemispherical to —— HELIOTROPIUM BORAGIN ACE Zz : 477 PECTOCARYA . subulate tip or appendage. Ovules pendulous. Seeds with a straight or incurved embryo in sparing or copious albwmen. 2 HELIOTROPIUM Tourn. L. Gen, n. 179. Low herbs or shrubs with entire or rarely denticulate leaves and small flowers in scorpioid cymes. Calyx deeply 5-parted, persistent. Corolla salverform or funnelform, plaited and mostly imbricated in the bud. Stamens included: filaments short or none: anthers connivent, sometimes cohering by pointed tips. Style entire, sometimes wanting: stigma peltate-annular, forming a complete ring surmounted by an entire or 2-lobed tip or appen- dage. Ovary 4-celled with a single pendulous ovule in each cell. Fruit dry, 2- or 4-lobed, separating into 2 indurated 2-celled and 2-seeded closed carpels, or more commonly into 4 1-seeded nutlets. H. Curassavicum L. Sp. 130. Wholly glabrous and more or less glaucous: stems diffusely spreading, 6-12 inches a from a perennial root : leaves succulent, obovate to oblanceolate or nearly linear, 1-2 inches long: spikes mostly in pairs or twice forked, densely flowered, bractless: corolla white with a yellow eye or changing to blue, with a rather ample 5-lobed limb and open throat, the lobes rounded-ovate, rather shorter than the tube: anthers free: style none: stigma umbrella-shaped, broad as the glab- rous ovary: fruit 4-lobed, separating at maturity into 4 l1-seeded nutlets. In saline soil, interior of Oregon, and along the coast of most of the warmer parts of the World. | ‘ II Ovary 4-parted ( rarely 2-parted) from above into 1-celled. 1-ovuled divisions surrounding the style. Stigma not annular. Tribe wii, Boragex DC. Prodr. x, 1. Chiefly herbs with some- what mucilaginous watery juice and entire leaves. Flowers mostly near but not in the axils of leaves or bracts, or bractless in so-called spikes or racemes. Style entire, witha depressed or elevated base. to which the nutlets are attached (called the gynobase). Stigma, truncate or depressed-capitate. Ovules amphitropous or almost orthotropous and.commonly ascending or erect, or anatropous and commonly pendulous. Nutlets 4, or by abortion fewer, distinct er at base united into pairs. Seeds without albumen. * Nutlets attached above the middle, wholly flat and thin, hori- zontally divergent in pairs or radiate: the margins pectinately and — uncinately setiferous. : 8 PECTOCARYA DC. in Meisn. Gen. 279. Small annuals with imperfectly opposite leaves and small flow- ers scattered along the whole length of the stem. Calyx deeply 5-cleft or 5-parted, spreading or reflexed in fruit. Corolla-appen- dages with strong fornicate processes, almost’ closing the throat. Stamens short, included. Style short: with capitate stigma. Nutlets flat and thin, attached at the inner end underneath to the small depressed gynobase, either winged, laciniate-bordered or pectinately setose around the thin margins ; the bristles or prickles simply uncinate at tip. 478 BORAGINACEZ PECTOCARYA CYNOGLOSSUM P. penicillata A. DC. Prodr. x, 120. Strigose-pubescent with minute white hairs: very diffuse or depressed ; branches almost filiform, 2-6 inches long: leaves linear or filiform, an inch or less long: calyx-lobes linear, min- utely hispid: nutlets geminately divergent, the oblong body surrounded by a merely undulate or pandurate wing that is incurved in age, its rounded apex thickly and the sides rarely or not at all beset with slender uncinate bristles: cotyledons oblong-ovate. Dry plains and hillsides Brit. Columbia to California and western Nevada. P. setosa Gray Proc. Am, Acad. xii, 81. Hispid as well as minutely strigose-pubescent: stem rather stout, 2-6 inches high, paniculately bran- ched : leaves linear: calyx-lobes linear, armed with stout white straight and divergent bristles: nutlets obovate, equally divergent, bordered by a broad thin scarious wing, the faces and margins beset with slender uncin- ate-tipped bristles: cotyledons breadly obovate. Eastern Washington to southeastern California. . P. pusilla Gray 1. c. Strigulose-canescent: stem slender, diffusely branched from the base, 4-8 inches high: lower leaves opposite, linear- spatulate, 4-8 lines long, upper ones alternate and reduced to small lanceo- late bracts. 1-2 lines long: calyx-lobes lanceolate, longer than the nutlets, beset with small uncinate-tipped bristles: nutlets equally divergent, cune- ate-obovate, wingless and with a carinate midnerve on the upper face, the acute margins beset with a row of slender uncinate-tipped bristles: cotyle- dons broadly obovate. Eastern Washington to California. * * Nutlets thicker, with ventral or introrse-basal attachment. + Corolla short, with fornicate appendages in the throat. Calyx spreading or reflexed. Nutlets glochidiately armed. 4 CYNOGLOSSUM Tourn. L. Gen. n. 183. Coarse herbs with broad leaves and rather small flowers in panicled mostly bractless racemes. Calyx 5-parted, persistent, open in fruit. Corolla short-salverform or funnelform, with con- spicuous arching crests at the throat. Stamens and style includ- ed. Nutlets 4, turgid, wingless, clothed all over the back with short and stout glochidiate-tipped prickles, equally divergent, horizontal or obliquely ascending on a depressed or pyramidal gynobase, at maturity separating and carrying away an exterior portion of the indurated style from below upward, by which they are for a time suspended. f C. grande Dougl. Hook. FI. ii, 82. Soft-villous, hardly hirsute be- low, becoming glabrate in age: stem stout, from a thick perennial root, 1-3 feet high: lower leaves ovate or subcordate-oblong and acute or acumin- ate, the blade 4-8 inches long, on margined petioles of about the same length, the upper smaller, from ovate to lanceolate, abruptly contracted into a short winged petiole: corolla bright blue, its tube slightly exceeding the ovate calyx-lobes and hardly longer than the limb: style slender, thick-. ened toward the base: nutlets ovoid, 4 lines in diameter, very rough-mu-~ ricate and covered with short glochidiate-tipped spines. In open woods, Brit. Columbia to California. Sp C. occidentale Gray Proc. Am. Acad. x. 58. Hirsute-pubescent or in age almost hispid: stems rather stout, 10-18 inches high, from a thick perennial root: lower leaves spatulate, tapering gradually into winged petioles; the upper from lanceolate to ovate, sessile or partly clasping: — EE ———— LAPPULA ° BORAGINACE 479 tube of the blue corolla longer than the lanceolate lobes of the calyx and twice or thrice as long as its own roundish lobes: style wholly filiform : nutlets almost globular, 4 lines long. In the mountains of southern Ore- gon and northern California. 5 LAPPULA Meench Meth. 416 ECHINOSPERMUM Sw, Lehm. Pubescent or hispid herbs with narrow and entire alternate leaves and blue or white flowers in terminal racemes. Calyx 5- parted, persistent, spreading or reflexed in fruit. Corolla’ short- salverform and with conspicuous arching crests in the throat. Filaments short. Style short, with minute capitate stigma. nutlets laterally attached to a more or less elevated gynobase, armed either along a distinct margin or more or less over the whole back with glochidiate prickles, forming burs. L. floribunda Greene Pitt. ii, 182. Echinospermum floribundum Lehm. Herbage soft-pubescent or the stem soft-hirsute: stems rather strict, 2-5 feet high, from a biennial or perennial root: leaves from oblong to linear, 2-4 inches long, sessile or the lower tapering into margined petioles; ra- cemes numerous, erect or nearly so, densely flowered: pedicels mostly shorter than the fruit, at length reflexed : corolla short-funnelform, blue or white, the limb 3-5 lines in diameter: nutlets keeled, papillose-tuberculate on the back, the margins armed with a single row of flat subulate prickles. Eastern Washington to Brit. Columbia Minnesota and Ontario. L. diffusa Greene Pitt. ii, 182 Hchinospermum diffusum Lehm. Soft- pubescent or at most soft-hirsute: stems erect, 1-3 feet high, from a per- ennial root: leaves usually lanceolate, the lower ones tapering below to a margined petiole, the upper sessile and passing into small bracts: racemes panicled, erect or merely spreading: pedicels longer than the fruit: corolla from blue to nearly white or pinkish, rotate, its tube shorter than the calyx and the lobes, the limb 4-6 lines in diameter: dorsal disk of the nutlets triangular-ovate, obscurely carinate, rough-tuberculate, and with a few short glochidiate prickles, the marginal prickles flat-subulate, as long as the width of the disk. Rocky places and base of cliffs, Brit. Columbia to California and Utah. > L. hispida Greene 1. c. Echinospermum hispidum Gray: Hispid with spreading papillose-based hairs: stems usually erect, 1-3 feet high, from a perennial root : leaves lanceolate, 3-5 inches long, the lowest long-petioled, the upper sessile and gradually reduced upward to bracts ; racemes lax, 10- 15-flowered : corolla rotate, greenish white 2-3 lines in diameter: marginal prickles of the obcompressed nutlets small and narrow, much shorter than the width of the oval or ovate and either sparsely or copiously{glochidiate dorsal disk, their bases confluent into a thin margin or distinct wing which is sometimes reflexed or cup-shaped; inner face smooth and lucid, with scar almost central. Rocky hillsides, eastern Oregon to Idabo. L. ciliata Greene l. c. Cynoglossum ciliatum Dougl. Cinereous with a much appressed pubescence, and bristly-hirsute, especially along the margins of the linear or lanceolate leaves: stem strict, a foot or more high: corolla rather large, blue or violet: fruit unknown. Banks of the Spokane river Washington to Idaho. _ LL. myosotis Meench Meth. 417. Hispid or appressed-pubescent: stem leafy, branching, 1-2 feet high, from an annual root: leaves linear to ob- long or spatulate, sessile or the lower ones narrowed into petioles, erect or ascending, obtuse or obtusish at the apex, 9-18 lines long: racemes leafy. 480 BORAGIN ACE LAPPULA ERITRICHIUM bracted: pedicels very short, stout, not deflexed in fruit: calyx-lobes lan- ceolate, becoming unequal and spreading: corolla blue, about a line broad: nutlets rough-granulate or tuberculate on the back, the margins with a double row of slender and distinct prickles or these irregularly over most of the back. In waste places, Idaho and eastward. Naturalized from Eu. L. Texana Britton Mem Torr. Clubv, 275. Echinospermum Re- dowskii var. cupulatum Gray. Hispid-hirsute annual: stem 2 inches to 2 feet high, diffusely branching from the base: leaves linear or linear-oblong, mostly obtuse, the lower narrowed into petioles: racemes loosely flowered, leafy-bracted; pedicels stout, a line long, not deflexed in fruit: corolla nar- row-funnelform with rounded lobes, about a line broad, but little longer than the linear-lanceolate sepals: nutlets with acuminate ovate papillose- tuberculate disk, the marginal prickles broadened and thickened below and usually united into a wing or border which indurates and enlarges for- ming a cup with the margin more or less incurved at maturity, sometimes only the tips of the prickles free. Eastern Oregon and Washington to Nevada, Texas, Nebraska and Brit. Culumbia. L. Fremontii. Echinospermum Fremontii Torr. P. R. R. Rep. xii, 46, E. Redowskii var. occidentale Watson. Soft-pubescent with white hairs: stem erect, 6-18 inches high, from an annual root, at length diffusely much branched : leaves linear to spatulate or lanceolate; those of the stem grad- ually reduced to subulate bracts of the open panicle: pedicels a line long, erect in fruit; sepals linear, longer than the nutlets: corolla inconspicuous, but little if at all exceeding the calyx: disk of the nutlets acuminate-ovate, beset with sharp white processes; prickles of the margin long and slender, not rarely confluent at their flat bases and more or less cupulate; scar long and narrow. occupying most of the ventral angle. Common throughout the dry interior from Brit. Columbia to California. 6 ERITRICHIUM Schrad. Diss. Asperif. Low perennial or annual herbs with petioled radical leaves and small white or blue flowers. Calyx 5-parted or merely 5-lobed, open and but little enlarged in fruit. Corolla with a short tube and subrotate limb, the fornicate appendages almost closing the throat. Stamens 5, inserted on the tube of the corolla and in- cluded in its throat. Ovary 4-lobed: style short. Nutlets ob- liquely ascending, or depressed and nearly horizontal, with trun- cate-camplanate back, bordered by an acute winged or at length revolute entire, dentate or spinulose border. E. Howardi Rydb. Cynoglossum Howardi Gray. Silky-canescent . and silvery: depressed cespitose : lower leaves linear-spatulate, 6-10 lines long; those of the short flowering stems linear: flowers few in the sparsely bracted cymes: calyx-lobes linear-lanceolate: corolla bright blue, 4-5 lines in diameter: nutlets very smooth, obliquely truncate on the back, wingless but the margin of the ovate acutish and flat or slightly depressed dorsal disk with a sharp edge, and its face either anauth or minutely papillose and pubescent. On the highest parts of the Cascade Mountains of Wash- ington and the Rocky Mountains of Montana. . | E. aretioides DC. Prodr. x, 125. Silky-sericeous, with long]j;white hairs: densely cespitose in depressed pulvinate tufts, 1-2 inches high: leaves from lanceolate to ovate, 4-6 lines long, mostly acute: flowers ter- minating short densely leafy stems, shoré-pedivelled : lobes of the calyx linear-lanceolate, about a line long, equalling the tube of the corolla: limb of the corolla bright blue, 2-3 lines in diameter; nutlets with a crest-like 7 — ALLOCARYA BORAGINACEZ 481 or wing-like border that is usually cut into slender teeth or lobes. On the highest mouutains, eastern Oregon to the Rocky Mountaihs. 7 ALLOCARYA Greene Pitt. i, 12. Low, mostly annual, herbs with entire leaves, the lowest al- ways opposite, and rather small flowers in scorpioid racemes. Calyx 5-parted to the base; the segments spreading and some- what enlarging in fruit. Corolla salverform, with a short tube, yellow throat and white limb. Pedicels turbinate thickened and more or less distinctly 5-angled under the calyx, persistent, more or less indurated in age. Nutlets ovate to lanceolate, crustaceous, opaque or vitreous-shining, smooth or variously tuberculate and rugose-muriculate, or even glochidiate, often carinate on one or both sides, attached by an inframedial or basal concave but sometimes raised and stipitate scar to a low gynobase. * Small flowered annuals, usually diffuse, with corolla only a line or two broad and but little surpassing the calyx. | A. echinoglochin Greene Pitt.i, 15. Echinospermum Greenei Gray: Strigose-pubescent with whitish hairs: diffusely branched from the base. the branches 4-10 inches long, depressed: leaves linear, the lower 1-2 inches long, obtuse: racemes simple or forked, rather loose, leafy or bract- eate at base, and sometimes above: calyx-segments oblong-linear, obtuse, open but not reflexed in fruit, silky-hbirsute with fulvous-yellow hairs: corolla about equalling the calyx, its dilated limb about 2 lines broad nutlets shorter than the calyx, ovate-trigonous, obscurely carinate on the back, acutely so ventrally down to the low ovate scar, minutely tuberculate, scabrous throughout and with small terete barbed prickles interspersed. In wet places, southwestern Oregon and adjacent California. A. plebia Greene l. c. 16. Eritrichium Californicum var. plebium Gray. Sparsely and minutely hirsute or glabrate: branches depressed, 6-10 inches long: leaves lax, the larger 2 inches long, linear-oblong: flowers scattered : pedicels shorter than the calyx: segments of the calyx enlarged and open in fruit: nutlets ovate-trigonous, a line long, glabrous, coarsely rugose- reticulated, sharply carinate ventrally down to the large ovate scar and dorsally only along the narrowish apex. Aleutian Islands Alaska, it has been reported from Humboldt Bay California.. A. hispidula Greene 1. c. 17. Canescent with short setose-hispid pu- bescence: diffusely branched from.the base, the branches more or less ascending, 2-6 inches long: racemes single or geminate, naked, or leafy- bracted below: pedicels about a line long: segments of the calyx linear, longer than the nutlets, very hispid, erect, not enlarged in fruit: nutlets ovate, opaque, 34 of a line long, carinate on both sides, the back very lightly so and beset with minute muriculations, the transverse rugula few and not prominent: scar almost basal, ovate-oblong. In moist meadows, - Washington and Oregon to California. A. Cusickii Greene 1. c. 17. Pubescence appressed: diffusely branch- ed from the base, the branches 4-8 inches long: racemes open and leafy- hracted: nutlets vitreous-shining, ovate-oblong, carinate ventrally only, the back with crowded depressed ruge and few tuberculations: scar almost basal, narrowly linear and sharp-edged. Union Co. Oregon. . A. bracteata. Appressed-hirsute with minute setose hairs: diffusely branching from the base and depressed, the branches slender, 2-8 inches long: leaves linear, an inch or less long: racemes sparsely flowered and 482 BORAGINACEZE ALLOCARYA leafy-bracted : pedicels at length about a line long: calyx-segments linear- lanceolate, erect and not enlarged in fruit, longer than the nutlets: corolla 1-2 lines in diameter: nutlets ovate, carinate ventrally down to the ovate nearly basal scar and obscurely so dorsally, dorsal surface transversely ru- _ gose with sharp ruge and obscurely tuberculate. In wet places, Umpqua Valley Oregon. | A. Californica Greene |. c. 20. Eritrichium Californicum DC. Spar- ingly appressed-pubescent with setose bairs: stem slender, often diffusely branched, the branches 2-15 inches long, weak and reclining or depressed : leaves linear: racemes rather lax, with a few bracts at the base: pedicels a line or less long, erect: calyx-segments linear, longer than the nutlets, spreading but not enlarged in fruit, hirsute with ferruginous hairs when young: corolla 1-2 lines in diameter; the appendages in its throat not con- spicuous: nutlets ovate-oblong, slightly carinate ventrally, transversely rugose; the scar roundish-triangular, almost basal. In wet meadows, western Oregon and California. * * Larger-flowered annuals, erect. or diffuse: limb of the rotate corolla 3-5 lines in diameter: nutlets rugulose. A. Chorisiana Greene Pitt. i, 13. Pubescence sparse and appressed except on the calyx: stem 1-2 feet high, freely branching, the branches at length recurving: larger leaves 2—4 inches long: racemes elongated, loose and leafy below: pedicels filiform, 4-8 lines long: calyx little accrescent, the campanulate segments about a line long: corolla 3-5 lines broad: nut- lets ovate, little more than half of a line long, carinate ventrally only, the keel and scar closely approached but not covered by the lateral angles, the obtuse rugee of the back running into more or less fayose meshes among minute granulations. On Vancouver Island B. C. and at San Francisco Bay California, perhaps at intermediate stations. A. hirta Greene l. c. 161. Setose-hispid throughout with spreading or somewhat deflexed hairs and no appressed pubescence: stem erect and stoutish, 10-16 inches high, simple below with several pairs of connate- sheathing linear leaves, loosely racemose above: racemes in pairs, bract- less : pedicels slender, a line long: calyx 2 lines long, not enlarging in fruit. its segments erect in fruit, very hirsute: corolla 3 lines broad: nutlets ovate, dark-colored, scarcely carinate except ventrally, the dorsal face granulate and obscurely rugulose. In wet places, Umpqua Valley Oregon. A. Seouleri Greene l. c. 18. ritrichium Scouleri A. DC. Sparsely appressed-hirsute : stem 6-18 inches high, usually diffusely branching from the base with slender ascending branches and few pairs of connate-clasp- ing linear leaves: flowers in geminate, or sometimes paniculate slender racemes, most of them bractless, very fragrant: pedicels erect or ascending, at most a line long: calyx erect and not enlarged in fruit: corolla 3-4 lines broad, the appendages in the throat conspicuous, yellow, puberulent: nut- lets ovate, 1% line long, carinate on both sides at the apex and ventrally down to the linear-oblong scar, dorsal surface obviously granulate and in- ’ distinctly rugulose. Common in wet places, western Oregon and Wash. A. Hendersoni A. Nelson Eryth. vii, 69. Sparsely and rather softly strigose-pubescent throughout : stem simple at the base, sparingly branch- ed above, erect, slender, 8-16 inches high: leaves broadly linear, 2-3 inches long, acutish: racemes naked, at length long and slender, the uppermost geminate with a flower in the fork: pedicels short: calyx-segments linear, in fruit about 244 lines long, strigose-hispid: corolla 244-3 lines in diame- ter, the throat nearly closed by the conspicuous emarginate appendages: nutlets ovate, subacute, 1-1%¢ lines long, very closely and finely muriculate, with a few small rounded papille interspersed, moderately carinate on the ventral side. Eastern Washington and adjacent Idaho. ; PIPTOCALYX _ BORAGINACE 483 EREMOCARYA ) * * * Perennial by creeping and rooting stems: flowers middle-sized. A. mollis Greene |. c. 20. Krynitzkia mollis Gray. Copiously soft- villous, even to the calyx: stems rather stout, spreading or ascending, at length a foot or more long: leaves linear-lingulate, 2-3 inches long hy 3-4 lines broad, obtuse: racemes at length elongated, bractless: limb of the corolla 3-4 lines broad: nutlets trigonous-ovate, slightly obcompressed, hardly at all carinate on the back, coarsely rugose-areolate, attached bv a quarter or a third of their length to an oblong-pyramidal gynobase, the eee ee Borders of alkaline ponds, southeastern Oregon to alifornia. 8 PIPTOCALYX Torrey Bot. Wilkes 414, t. 12. Small dichotomously branched annuals with narrow leaves and small tlowers sessile in the forks or in the axils of leaves or bracts. The root giving a deep purple stain. Calyx early cir- cumscissile, the 5-cleft upper portion falling away, leaving the membranaceous base persistent around the fruit. Pedicels very short, persistent. Corolla with naked and open throat, the tube not surpassing the calyx. Anthers mucronate, included. Fruit of 4 rather distinctly margined nutlets. : P. cireumscissus Torrey l.c. Krynitzkia circumscissa Gray Hispid- canescent throughout: stem 1-4 inches high, densely branched from the base: leaves linear or the lowest spatulate, 3-6 lines long, crowded on the apper part of the branches: calyx hispid, its linear lobes foliaceous, about a line long: limb of the white corolla about a line broad: nutlets oblong- ovate, not carinate, smooth or minutely tuberculate, attached for nearly their whole length to the pyramidal-subulate pynebase, the ventral groove narrow and divaricately forked at the base. On dry sandy plains, eastern Oregon to Brit. Columbia, California and Arizona, 9 EREMOCARYA Greene Pitt. i, 58. Hirsute-canescent small annual herbs with chiefly radical leaves in rosulate tufts and small white flowers on persistent ped- icels in dense leafy-bracted geminate racemes: the root giving a deep purple stain. Calyx 5-parted to the base, in fruit campanu- ulate, persistent: the segments nerveless and not bristly-hispid. Style enlarged in fruit and persistent. Nutlets neither margined nor carinate, erect, attached for their whole length to a slender columnar gynobase by a groove that does not fork nor enlarge at base, smooth or papillose-scabrous. : | E. micrantha Greene 1. c. Krynitzkia micrantha Gray. Hirsute- canescent: stem slender, 2-5 inches high, at length diffusely branched, the numerous racemous branches repeatedly dichotomous and copiously leafy- bracted: leaves linear, 2-4 lines long: racemes mostly geminate with a flower in the fork, 4-6 lines long, densely flowered: corolla barely a line high, and its lobes 14-24 of a line long, obscurely appendaged in the throat: style becoming thicker than the gynobase, or even pyramidal; nutlets oblong-ovate, acute or acuminate, smooth and shining or dull and punc- ticulate. Dry plains, southeastern Oregon to California, Utah and Arizona- 10 PLAGIOBOTHRYS Fischer & Meyer Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. ii. 49. Usually rather slender soft-pubescent annuals with most of their leaves in a close radical tuft, and rather small-white flowers 484 BORAGINACE PLAGIOBOTHRYS on short persistent pedicels in elongating circinate racemes. Ca- lyx 5-cleft or 5-parted, closed or campanulate or even spreading and more or less enlarged in fruit, persistent or irregularly cir- cumscissal near the base. Corolla short, with more or less con- spicuous appendages in its throat. Nutlets broadly ovate-trigon- ous, incurved, carinate on both sides toward the apex, the back irregularly transversely rugose, attached by the middle of the concave or seemingly hollowed ventral tace to a globular or short- conical gynobase, tardily detached, leaving a kind of caruncle at the insertion and corresponding depressed cavities on the gyno- base, often only 1 or 2 maturing. _ * Nutlets crustaceous or nearly so, usually only 1 or2 maturing and then horizontally incumbent at maturity on the subglobose or merely conyex gynobase: the caruncle short and broad, not stipiform, leaving orbicular depressions on the gynobase. + Caruncle annular, merely bordering a deep circular pit. P. campestris Greene Pitt ii, 282. P. rufescens Gray, not F. & M. Pubescent with soft white hairs: stem slender, erect, 10-30 inches high, simple up to the 1-3 racemes: radical leaves numerous, 1-2 inches long, oblanceolate, usually withering at flowering time; cauline leaves smaller, linear-oblong to lanceolate, sessile, with a broad somewhat clasping base: racemes usually 3, the lower one smallest, the others geminate with a flower in the fork, sparsely flowered: calyx of linear-lanceolate nearly dis- tinct sepals 3 lines long, rusty-hirsute when young: corolla but little longer than the calyx, the limb 2-5, lines broad : nutlets a tine long, little incurved, nearly orbicular, abruptly short-beaked, sharply carinate on the back and the sides sharply angled and reticulate-rugose. On dry hillsides, southern Oregon and California. + + (aruncle forming a wen-shaped or tongue-shaped process that fits into a corresponding cavity in the merely convex gynobase. ++ Calyx persistent, not circumscissile near the base: mature nutlets abruptly contracted at base and apex so as to become cruciately 4-lobed vitreous shining or enameled. P. tenellus Gray Proc. Am. Acad. xx, 283. Pubescent with rather soft hairs: stem slender erect or ascending, 6-10 inches high, usually branching from the base: radicai leaves numerous, in a dense rosulate taft, broadly linear to lanceolate, 6-12 lines long; cauline leaves few, lanceolate to near- ly ovate, sessile by a broad somewhat clasping base: racemes usually gem- inate without a flower in the fork, rather densely flowered: calyx 2 lines long, fulvous-hirsute, cleft to below the middle, the lobes acuminate-trian- gular:.corolla about a line broad: nutlets vitreous-shining, sharply carinate on the back, transversely rugose and sharply tuberculate. Common in open places, Brit. Columbia to California. P. asper Greene Pitt. iii, 262. ‘‘ Of the P. tenellus group, but larger than the others and rather diffusely branched or many-stemmed from the rosulate tuft of basal leaves, the branches hispid, floriferous almost throu-. ghout, many of the calyces subtended by a leafy bract; leaves rather roughly hirsute or almost hispid: calyx large and nutlets 34 line long, vit- reous and shining, lineately rugose transversely and with or without murications. ”’ ‘¢ Frequent from northern California to Washington. . Easily distinguish- ed at sight by its large size, its many stems, and its stiff harsh pubescence.”’ PLAGIOBOTHRYS BORAGIN ACE 485 OREOCARYA ++ ++ Calyx persistent, not circumscissile near the base: nutlets broadly ovate.and not at all cruciform. P. Shastensis Greene, Gray 1. c. 284. Canescently silky-tomentose: stem very slender, 4-10 inches high, not branching from the base, simple up to the 1-3 racemes: radical leaves linear to linear-spatulate, 4-8 lines long, appressed-silky above, hispid-ciliate; cauline leaves few linear-lanceo- late, smaller :racemes few-flowered; calyx cylindraceous,4 lines long silky- lanate both sides, cleft to near the middle; the lobes lingular and acute, nutlets shining, strongly incurved. carinate on the back, obscurely trans- versely rugose but not muricate. On a gravelly plain near Grant’s Pass Oregon, and Shasta Valley California. .P. colorans Greene Pitt. iii,262. Canescently tomentose or the leaves and calyces appressed-silky: stem 2-8 inches high, erect, not branching from the base: radical leaves linear, an inch or more long, in a loose rosu- late tuft; cauline leaves numerous, linear to lanceolate: racemes long and slender, few- to many-flowered often leafy-bracted below: calyx almost globular, 2-3 lines in diameter, cleft to below the middle, the acuminate- triangular lobes connivent over the fruit. sparingly hispid: nutlets broadly orbicular, abruptly stout-beaked, strongly carinate on the back, strongly transverse rugose, obscurely muricate on the ridge:. On gravel-bars along the creek at Hornbrook California; so near the state line that it may be looked for in adjacent Oregon. ++ + ++ Calyx at maturity more or less promptly deciduous circumscissilly near the. base. P. canescens Benth. Pl. Hartw. 326. Villous-pubescent and some- what cinereous or canescent especially the calyx, which when young may be fulvous or even somewhat rufescent: stem diffusely branched from the base, 10-12 inches high: leaves linear: calyx 2-3 lines long, in fruit loosely erect or sometimes more open and accrescent, rarely disposed to be cir- cumscissile at base: nutlets opaque, not vitreous, slightly carinate on the back, rugose with sparse and somewhat reticulated obtuse wrinkles. Co- lumbia Valley to California. . ?. nothofulvus Gray Proc. Am. Acad. xx, 285. Soft-hirsute through- oui: stems erect, 1-2 feet high, branching from the base: radical leaves oblong or lanceolate to linear, 1-2 inches long, numerous in a dense rosu- late tuft ; cauline leaves lanceolate to linear, sometimes 1 or 2 pairs opposite: racemes usually geminate or in threes with a flower in the fork, at length long and slender and loosely-flowered : calyx cleft only to the middle. silky- villous, rufescent only when young, soon fulvous or whitish, 1-2 lines long, the acuminate lobes connivent over the nutlets, soon circumscissile, leav- ing a persistent base which surrounds the lower half of the nutlets: corolla 2-3 lines broad: nutlets abruptly stout-beaked, carinate on the back, trans- versely rugose and minutely granulate. Common on open hillsides, Brit. Columbia to California west of the Cascade Mountains. * * (Coarse and rough-hispid much branched low annuals with ob- long or lanceolate leaves, the upper subtending and equalling or ex ceeding the flower-clusters : nutlets inserted by a scar above the mid- dle, ventrally carinate only above the round scar, which is attached to the depressed gynobase by a small and soft false caruncle. .P. hispidus Gray |. c. 286. Rough-hispid throughout: stem stout, 4-8 inches high, profusely branched: lower leaves linear-spatulate; upper leaves oblong, 6 lines long: calyx 5-parted, open in fruit, not circumscissile : nutlets turgid, ovoid, obliquely incumbent, acute at. the apex, obscurely carinate on tbe back, opaque, papillose-granulate, the scar hardly above the middle. Southeastern Oregon to eastern California. 486 BORAGINACE At OREOCARYA CRYPTANTHE 11 OREOCARYA Greene Pitt. i, 57. — KRYNITZKIA § Pseudokrynitzkia Gray. Coarse perennial or biennial herbs with alternate leaves and ~ mostly white flowers on persistent pedicels, in glomerate or pan- iculate, bracted racemes. Calyx 5-parted to the base, more or less spreading in fruit, not circumscissile nor deciduous. Corolla with prominent folds in the throat, and at base within 10-squamellate or annulate-glandular. Nutlets not carinate on the back, triangu- lar or triquetrous, with acute but not winged lateral angles, at- tached for most of their length to a commonly subulate gynobase, the scar very slender and usually with transversely dilated base. * Tube of the corolla’ not longer than the calyx and little if any longer than its lobes; with a ring of 10 small scales or glands near the base within: anthers oval or oblong: style rather short. Q. glomerata Greene Pitt. i, 58. Cynoglossum glomeratum Pursh. Krynitzkiafglomerata_ Gray. Grayish-hirsute and hispid: stems stout, erect, 6-20 inches high, from the crown of a biennial or short-lived peren- nial root : leaves spatulaté or linear-spatulate, 1-2 inches long: inflorescence thyrsiform, and usually dense the short and often forked lateral spikes at length commonly exceeding the subtending leaves: sepals very setose-his- pid, linear, 2-3 lines long: limb of the corolla 3-5 lines in diameter, the crests in the throat truacate: nutlets forming an ovoid fruit, each triangu- lar-ovate, sparsely more or less tuberculate-rugose on the back, with sharp lateral edges, the sulcate ventral angle extending into a broad basal sear. On dry hillsides, eastern Washington to New Mexico, Nebraska and the Saskatchewan. Sy 0. sericea Greene l. c. Krynitzkia sericea Gray. Canescent with a dense silky pubescence and bristly-hirsute: stems stout, simple, 4-8 inches high, from a somewhat woody perennial caudex, leafy: leaves spatulate or oblanceolate, obtusejJatjjthe apex, narrowed below to a broad petiole, in- cluding the petiole 1-2 inches long: flowers numerous, in a short thyrsus: calyx cleft nearly to the base, the linear or lanceolate segments about equ- alling the tube of the corolla, bristly-hirsute: limb of the corolla 3-5 lines -broad, the ovate lobes 2 lines long: nutlets oblong-ovate, obtuse, somewhat rugose-tuberculate on the back. Dry hillsides, eastern Washington‘and Oregon to Utah and Colorado. * * — Tube of the salverform corolla longer than the calyx and twice or thrice the length of the lobes; the ring within at the base of the tube inconspicuous and truncate: crests of the throat large, often elon- gated : anthers linear-oblong: style long and filiform. 0. leucophea Greene l. c,, Myosotis leucophaea Dougl. Krynitzkia leucophaea Gray. Silky-strigose and silvery-canescent : stems many or few from the lignescent base or root, 6-12 inches high: leaves lanceolate to linear, acute, 2-4 inches long: inflorescence glomerate-spicate hispid with whitish or yellowish hairs and slender bristles: calyx 5-cleft nearly to the base, the linear segments 3-4 lines long: corolla yellow:, with tube longer than the calyx: nutlets ovate-triquetrous, very smooth and polished, ivory-like, 144-2 lines long; gynobase very slender. On sandy plains, Brit, Columbia to California and Utah. East of the Cascade Mountains. 12 CRYPTANTHE Lehm. Sem. Hort. Hamburg. 1882. KRYNITZKIA F. & M. Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. vii, 52. 1841. Low setose or hispid branching annuals with narrow alternate CRYPTANTHE BORAGINACEZ 487 leaves and small, mostly white, flowers on very short pedicels in scorpioid racemes. Calyx 5-parted or 5-cleft, the segments erect, usually closely embracing the fruit and deciduous, falling with the mature nutlets. Corolla rotate, its tube not surpassing the calyx; usually with 5 scales closing the throat. Stamens includ- ed. Style short. Nutlets attached by the ventral angle or groove from the base up at least one third or one half way, or for the whole length to an elevated gynobase, the back convex and not carinate nor transversely rugose. § Fruiting calyx closed over the nutlets and falling with. them. * Sepals lanceolate or linear, traversed by a rigid and stout mid- rib: nutlets thick-walled, opaque or dull. C. Fendleri Greene Pitt. i, 120 Rough-hispid: stem erect, 10-12 inches high, paniculately branched, rigid: leaves linear, an inch or more long: segments of the mature calyx 2 lines long, linear, hispid with pungent bristles: nutlets usually all four maturing and alike, smooth, ovate-acum- inate, hardly a line long, attached for nearly their whole length to the narrow subulate gynobase. Eastern Washington to the Saskatchewan and New Mexico. a * * Midrib of the narrow setose-hispid sepals not conspicuously if at all thickened: nutlets very smooth and mostly shining, acute or acuminate, with rounded sides and rather thin or brittle pericarp. + . Nutlets conspicuously acuminate, only 1 or very rarely 2 matur- ing, attached for not more than the lower third to the short and nar- row gynobase which it very much surpasses. RS A C. flaccida Greene Pitt. i, 115. Myosotis flaccida Lehm. Cinereous with short appressed pubescence: stem slender, 4-12 inches high, strict, paniculately branched: leaves numerous, linear-spatulate to almost fili- form, erect, often appressed: spikes usually in pairs or 3 together, ‘almost filiform, many-flowered: calyx in fruit erect appressed to the peduncle, 2 lines long or more; sepals filiform-linear, thickish below, their bases very hispid with deflexed and strong but not pungent. bristles: nutlets subterete, ovate-lanceolate and: rostellate-acuminate, the groove of the attachment enlarged at base but not furcate. Common on the dry interior plains, Brit. Columbia to California. | C. multicaule. Densely hirsute with short erect but not appressed white hairs: stems several from the crown of a rather stout root; strictly erect, 4-10 inches high, simple up to the short somewhat paniculate inflor- escence: lower leaves numerous, linear-spatulate, 1-2 inches long; upper leaves almost filiform, erect, 12-18 lines long: spikes short and rather stout, hispid- hirsute with spreading hairs, an inch or less long, densely-flowered : segments of the calyx acuminate-lanceolate, barely 2 lines long, their bases hispid with spreading white hairs: nutlets subterete, rostellate-ovate, light brown, the groove of the attachment not perceptibly enlarged at the base. Along the Des Chutes river at Sherar’s Bridge Oregon. C. rostellata Greene Pitt. i, 116, Canescent with a rather sparse ap- preneed pubescence : stem slender, erect, paniculately branched, 4-8 inches igh: leaves linear-spatulate to linear-lanceolate, less than an inch long; the lower ones opposite with more or less connate-clasping base, the upper ones smaller and alternate: spikes solitary or geminate, slender, 1-2 inche,g long: calyx erect but not appressed to the rachis, about 2 lines long: sepal, filiform-linear, hispid with short spreading but not- reflexed somewha; pungent white bristles: nutlets triangular-ovate, flattish, rostellate-acuin_ 488 BORAGINACE Zé CRYPTANTHE inate, a line long, the groove of the attachment divaricately forked”and somewhat open at the base. On dry hillsides, southern Oregan and adja- cent California. + + Nutlets usually all4 maturing and all alike, either flattish or — angied ventrally, ovate in outline and acute or short acuminate, at- tached for half or nearly their whole length to the subulate gynobase, the slender groove not dilated at base into an open areola or scar. C. leiocarpa Greene |. c. 17, Krynitzkia leiocarpa F. & M. Strigose pubescent: stem 6-18 inches high, diffusely branching: spikes single or sometimes in pairs, often leafy at base, bractless above: leaves spatulate or linear 1-144 inches long: calyx erect, a line long, densely strigose-hirsute and with some coarser spreading bristles: nutlets flattish, the slender ventral groove continuous tothe very base of the nutlet and not at all furcate, attached nearly their whole length to the subulate gynobase.. Near the coast, Washington to California. . C. affinis Greene ]. c. 119. K. affinis Gray Rough-pubescent: stem slender, 6-12 inches high, diffusely branched: leaves spatulate, 1-2 inches long: spikes solitary, or sometimes in pairs, often leafy at base: sepals linear lanceolate much longer than the nutlets, strigose-hirsute with a few stout pungent spreading bristles: nutlets somewhat turgid, the groove simple and continuous to the very base, attached only up to the middle to the slender pyramidal gynobase, the free apical portion a little diverging. enue pines on the edge of forests, eastern Washington to California and aho. C. Torreyana Greene |. ¢. 118. K, Torreyana Gray. Hispid-hirsute: stem rather stout, 9-12 inches high, paniculately branched from the base: leaves linear-oblong, 1-2 inches long: spikes solitary or often in pairs, 1-4 inches long: sepals lanceolate, in fruit atteuuate upward, twice as long as the nutlets, setose-hispid with stout spreading bristles: nutlets ovate, acute, attached barely to the middle to the subulate-pyramidal gynobase, the ventral groove divergently forked at base but without an open areola. Oregon to California and Idaho. = . * * * Nutlets muriculate or rough-papillose, all 4 alike, sometimes only 1 or 2 maturing, ovate-trigonous, attached from the base to or nearly to the apex: the ventral groove with or without an areola. 4 C. barbigera Greene |. c. 114. Eritrichium barbigerum Gray. His- pid and hirsute: stem 4-12 inches hign, oe branching; leaves linear, an inch or less long: spikes solitary or paniculate : sepals narrowly linear, 3-5 lines long thickly beset with long shaggy bristles, loose above: nutlets acuminate-ovate, very rough-muricate, ashy-gray, the open groove a little dilated at base. On dry plains, southeastern Oregon to California and Arizona. C. ambigua Greene |. c. 113. K. ambigua Gray. Rough-hirsute and the stem strigose-pubescent also: stem stoutish, 1-2 feet high, paniculately branched; leaves oblong to linear or linear-lanceolate, 6-20 lines long; spikes usually in pairs with a flower in the fork, naked, slender, sparsely to rather densely flowered: sepals lanceolate, but little more than a line long, somewhat connivent over the fruit, setose-hispid: nutlets ovate-tri- gonous, barely convex on the back, minutely Eepeaecmeee. the vent- ral groove closed above but moderately or barely open at the basal bifur- cation. . On dry stony hillsides, Oregon and Washington to California. C. muriculata Greene l. c. 113. K. muriculata Gray. Hispid-hir- sute with spreading hairs: stem stoutish, 6- 12 inches high : leaves spatulate or the upper ones linear, about an inch long: spikes often in pairs or col- lected in a 3-5-radiate paniculate cyme: sepals in fruit 2 lines long, lanceo- ee ee “SA CRYPTANTHE BORAGINACE 489 AMSINCKIA late, hispid, somewhat connivent over the fruit: nutlets deltoid-ovate in outline, half the length of the sepals, sharply muricate over the back, which is hardly convex except by a slight dorsal ridge, and with distinct and thickish but acutish lateral angles these muricate-papillose like the back, attached for 24 of their length to the subulate gynobase, the ventral groove open and abruptly dilated at the bifurcate base. On dry hillsides, eastern Washington to California and Arizona. § § Fruiting calyx persistent, open and discharging the fruit : nut- lets ail 4 or all but 1 scarious-winged at the margins, attached by the - whole length of the ventral groove. . C. pterocarya Greene l. c 120. K. pierocarya Gray. Papillose-hir- sute: stem slender, rather strictly branching, 6-12 inches high: leaves linear or the lowest spatulate, 6-12 lines long: spikes usually in pairs, bractless: sepals in fruit 2 lines long, ovate, rusty-hirsute and the midrib setose-hispid: nutlets oblong-ovate, rough or granulate-tuberculate on the rounded back, attached for nearly the whole length to the filiform-sub- ulate gynobase by a narrow groove which widens gradually to the base, one of them commonly wingless and rounded at the sides, the others with lateral angles extended into a broad radiately striate wing with crenulate or toothed or even pectinate margins. Dry sandy plains, eastern Washington to California, New Mexico and Arizona. | 18 AMSINCKIA Lehm. Del. Sem. Hamb. 1831: 7. Coarse hispid annuals with alternate cblong-ovate to linear leaves and small yellow flowers in at length loose spikes-or ra- cemes without bracts except sometimes to the lowest. Calyx 5-parted, persistent. Corolla salverform or at the throat some- what funnelform, more or less plaited in bud at the sinuses, with tube exceeding the calyx and rounded lobes, the throat naked, or with minute hairy tufts opposite the lobes. Filaments short. Style filiform; with capitate 2-lobed stigma. Nutlets ovate-tri- angular or triquetrous, coriaceous or crustaceous, attached above the middle to an oblong-pyramidal gynobase, the scar ovate or oblong. Cotyledons each 2-parted thus apparently four. A. intermedia F. & M. Ind Sem. Petrop. 26. Rough-hispid through - Pore ont: stem erect, usually 1-2 feet high and sparingly branched above;. the bristles even of the calyx white or merely yellowish: leaves linear or the lower ones lanceolate, 1-4 inches long: spikes solitary or in pairs: sepalS' narrowly lanceolate, obtuse, at length 44 inch long: corolla bright yellow, - _ 3-5 lines long, its tube equalling the calyx, the limb with very short, rounded lobes and no appendages in the throat: nutlets not half as long as the sepals, trigonous, carinate onthe back and strongly muriculate, attached near the base to the short conical gynobase. Dry plains, Brit. Columbia to California. A. lycopsoides Lehm. Del. Sem. Hamb. 1831, 7. Rather, sparingly setose-hispid with pungent bristles: stem rather weak, 1-4 feet. high with numerous loose straggling branches: leaves lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, 1-4 nches long, acute at the apex, hispid-ciliate: spikes usually in pairs, at length ong and sparsely-flowered: sepals linear-lanceolate, at length spreading and 3 or 4 times longer than the nutlets, papillost-hispid: corolla almost 2 lines in diameter, somewhat funnelform, the tube but little longer than the calyx: nutlets oblong-ovate, about a line long, very rough muricate. In rich alluvial ground, western Oregon and Washington to California. fou it 490 , BORAGINACEZ MERTENSIA Var. bracteosa Gray Syn’ FI. ii, 198. Smallér-flowered and more decumbent, with most of the flowers subtended by a foliaceous bract. Near the Coast, Puget Sound to California. ‘ . 14 MERTENSIA Roth Catal. Bot. i, 34: 1797. Perennial herbs with alternate leaves and rather large blue purple or white flowers in panicles, cymes, or racemes. Calyx 4-parted, herbaceous, the lobes lanceolate or linear, little enlarged in fruit. Corolla tubular funnelform, crested or unappendaged in the. throat, its lobes imbricated in the bud. Stamens inserted on the tube of the corolla, included or scarcely exserted. Filaments flattened or filiform. -Anthers oblong or linear, obtuse. Style filiform with entire stigma. Nutlets erect, coriaceous, wrinkled when mature, attached by a small or short scar just above their bases to a flat strongly convex gynobase. M. oblongifolia Don Syst. iv, 320. Stem slender, 4-8 inches high, usually solitary from the short and thick corm-like root: leaves oblong to spatulate-lanceolate, obtuse, 6-20 lines long, the lowest ones small, the largest ones in the middle, smooth or the upper face scabrous with minute stiff hairs: flowers rather numerous, in a somewhat close terminal cluster: lobes of the calyx lanceolate little more than a line long, minutely ciliate: corolla funnelform, with a broad purple tube, 6 lines or more long, and ample blue limb, the throat rather abruptly dilated and open with pubescent crests at its base on a line with the stamens: filaments as broad and not longer than the anthers: style long and capillary, not exserted: nutlets dull and with obtuse angles. In moist places, Blue Mountains of Oregon to Nevada, Utah and the borders of Brit. Columbia. M. longiflora Greene Pitt. iii, 261. Glabrous except the setulose-scab- rous upper face of the leaves: lowest leaves elliptic-lanceolate, on long and slender petioles, the upper ones obovate oval or ovate, rounded or even cor- date at base and closely sessile, all very obtuse, the largest 2 inches long by an inch broad: floral bracts acutish: flowers in a rather dense strictly termin- al and subcorymbose panicle: calyx rather large, cleft to near the base, the lobes lanceolate: corolla about an inch long, with long slender tube and short erect narrow-campanulate limb: the almost capillary style nearly equalling the corolla. Eastern Washington. Perhaps only a form of M, oblongifolia. M. Sibirica Don Syst. iv, 320. Glabrous and smooth or nearly so; pale and glaucescent: stems erect 1-3 feet high from a thick branching root, very leafy: leaves oblong to lanceolete and acute, or the lowest ones some- times obovate and obtuse, hirsute-ciliate, all petioled, 1-4 inches long: racemes short, somewhat panicled; floral bracts like the leaves, 9-10 lines long: lobes of the ealyx lanceolate, about 2 lines long, commonly ciliate: corolla blue, funnelform, 8-10 lines long, the broad tube nearly twice as long as the calyx, shorter than the ample limb, sparingly pubescent within: filainents as broad and much shorter than the anthers: style slightly exserted. Along mountain streams: California to the Arctic regions and the Rocky Mountains. _M. paniculata Don Syst. iv, 318. . Roughish-pubescent: stem erect, 1-3 feet high, branched above: leaves‘thin, pinnately veined, tne lower ones ovate, rounded or cordate at base, 2-5 inches long, long-petioled, upper ones ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate at the apex, narrowed at the base into mostly slender petioles: racemes several-flowered, in loose terminal panicles: flowers purple-blue, 6-8 lines long, on filiform pedicels 4-10 lines long: calyx- lobes lanceolate, acute, about 2 lines long: corolla funnelform, crested in | MERTENSIA BORAGINACEZ 491 PNEUMARIA the throat, the tube about twice as long asthe calyx, and longer than the limb: filaments flattened, slightly longer than the anthers: style filiform, usu- ally somewhat exserted: nutlets rounded. In damp woods, California to Alaska, and Hudson Bay to Michigan, Nebraska and the Rocky Mountains. M. platyphylla Heller Bull. Torr. Bot. Club xxvi, 548. Stems weak, 16-30 inches high, branched above, the branches slender and spreading: leaves all thin, light green, papillately roughened above; radical leaves usually about a foot long including the peticle, of about 8 inches, which is rough on the margins; blade broadly ovate, 3-4 inches broad, abruptly acuminate, usu- ally cordate at base; lower stem-leaves broadly ovate, abruptly acuminate, on petioles about an inch long; upper ones ovate-lanceolate, gradually acu- minate, sessile or nearly so, contracted at base: flowers in loose terminal pan- icles: pedicels slender, 3-7 lines long, pubescent with short appressed hairs: sepals Jinear-lanceolate, 3—4 lines long, ciliate: corolla bright blue, or turning rose-color 6-8 lines long, broad funnelform, the tube about 2 lines long, the acutish lobes with broad sinuses at base: anthers oblong: style slightly exserted. In rich moist ground, western Washington and Oregon, M. nutans. Stems simple, 1-8 from the crown of a thick branching root, 3-10 inches high, very leafy to the top: leaves oblong to lanceolate or the l west sometimes spatulate, the largest ones in the middle of the stem 1-3 inches long, mostly sessile by a broad base or the lowest sometimes petioled, all papillose-granulate above, not at all pubescent: flowers in a dense terminal drooping panicle, sessile or on short pedicels: sepals lanceolate, barely 2 lines long, obscurely ciliate: corolla 6-8 lines long, funnelform, with a broad purple or pinkish tube twice or thrice as long as the calyx: filaments as proad as and fully as long as the anthers: style slender, often slightly exserted. On the north side of high ridges, eastern Oregon and Washington. 15 PNEUMARIA Hill Veg. Syst. vii, 40, t. 36. _Glabrous fleshy perennials with alternate leaves and small blue pinkish or white flowers in loose terminal leafy-bracted racemes. Calyx-lobes somewhat enlarged in fruit. Corolla tubular-campanu- late, crested in the throat, 5-lobed, the lobes imbricated in the bud, slightly spreading. Filaments scarcely exserted. Ovary 4-divid- ed; style slender. _ Nutlets erect, fleshy, attached just above their bases to the somewhat elevated gynobase, smooth and shining, acutish-margined, becoming utricular-like when mature. P. maritima Hill 1. c. 40, t. 37, repeatedly dichotomous, the segments linear, flat, the margins bristly- ciliate: bladders with rare exceptions borne on leafless branches: scapes capillary, 2-10 inches high, naked, or with a few scales, 1-5-flowered: corolla 6 lines broad, its lower lip broad with a large palate and exceeding the upper one: spur conic, subacute, nearly as long as the lip, to which it is appressed. In shallow water, Brit. Columbia to California and across the continent: also in Europe. 2 PINGUICULA L. Sp. 17. Acaulescent herbs with fibrous roots, entire rosulate-tufted leaves, the upper surface covered witha viscid secretion to which insects adhere and are captured by the involution of the sensitive margins, and naked one-tlowered scapes. Calyx 4-5-parted, or bilabiate, the upper lip 2-parted, the lower 3-parted. Corolla bi- labiate, the upper lip 2-cleft, the lower 3-cleft; the base produced into a nectariferous spur. Capsule 2-valved, or 4-valved. Seeds oblong, wrinkled or reticulated. P. vulgaris L. “a 17. Scapes glabrous or minutely puberulent, 2-6 “be ep high, recurved at the apex and bearing a single large blue flower: leaves 3-7 in a rosette at the base of the scape, greasy to the touch on the upper side, ovate to lanceolate, obtuse, 1-2 inches long, short-petioled or sessile: corolla 3-5 lines broad when expanded, bilabiate, the upper lip 2-lobed, the lower 3-lobed, larger, the tube gradually contracted into an acute or obtuse nearly straight spur 2-4 lines long: capsule globose-ovoid, longer than the calyx. On wet rocks, southern Oregon to Alaska and across the Continent: also Europe and Asia. OrpeER LXXI LABIAT/ B. Juss. Hort. Trian. 1759. Herbs shrubs or rarely trees, mostly aromatic, usually with square stems, simple opposite leaves without stipules and rather small perfect flowers usually clustered in the axils of the upper leaves or bracts. Calyx 3-5-cleft, 3-5-toothed or’ bilabiate, ersistent. Corolla bilabiate; upper lip 2-lobed or entire, the ower 3-cleft or 3-parted, or rarely as if 4 lobes in the upper and one in the lower lip. Stamens mostly 4 and didynamous, rarely equal, sometimes only two with or without staminoidea; filaments distinct, mostly slender, alternate with the lobes of the corolla. Anthers introrse, 2-celled or confluently 1-celled, or sometimes of a single cell. Ovary 4-lobed or 4-parted, su- ae each lobe or division with 1, mostly anatropous, ovule. tyle arising from the centre of the lobed or parted ovary, filiform, 2-cleft at the apex, often unequally so, or one of the cells obsolete: stigma minute, usually 2-lobed. Fruit of 4 one- seeded nutlets. Seeds erect from the base of the nutlet, mostly ea ae * a oe 00 I EE ee a ee ee ae ee ee ad LABIATZ 545 without albumen. Embryo mostly straight: radicle short, inferior. I Ovary merely 4-lobed, or not deeply 4-parted. TRIBE. 1 Stamens mostly exserted from the upper side of the corolla, 4 in all our genera. 1 Trichostema Limb of the corolla merely or hardly oblique, of 5 some- what equal and similar lobes. 2 YTeucrium Limb of-the corolla irregular, seemingly bilabiate the upper lip either split down or very short. II. Ovary deeply 4-parted. TRIBE 11 Stamens not declined, the posterior pair shorter or wanting. * Flowers capitate-glomerate: corolla about equally 4-lobed, small and short, hardly irregular, but the upper lobe often broader than the others and emarginate: anther-cells parallel, without any thickish connective. 3 Mentha Stamens +, similar and nearly equal. 4 Lycopus Stamens only 2 with anthers, the upper pair sterile rudi- ments or wanting. * * Calyx striate-nerved or costate, not. much changed in fruit: corolla more or less evidently bilabiate, the upper lip erect, the lower spreading and 3-cleft; destitute of bearded ring within. 5 Monardella ‘Flowers densely spicate-verticillastrate ; upper lip of the corolla 2-cleft: stamens distant and straight, often divergent, never convergent nor curved. 6 Micromeria Flowers few, in the axils of the leaves: upper lip of the corolla plain or slightly concave and straight: stamens unequal exsert- ed: anther-cells often divergent. 7 Meuissa Flowers rather few, in the axils of the upper leaves: corolla- tube not longer than the calyx, curved. 8 Pogogyne Flowers verticillastrate-glomerate and spicate: upper lip of the corolla short, erect and entire: stamens ascending and above _ somewhat approximate in pairs. ) TRIBE Ur Stamens only 2, the posterior pair rudimentary or wanting, straight or commonly parallel-ascending. 9 Audibertia Calyx bilabiate and spathaceous, its lower lip 2-cleft: filaments exserted and bearing one-celled anthers- 10 Monarda Calyx elongated-tubular, regular or nearly so: anthers 2-celled, both cells fertile and similar. TRIBE Iv Stamens 4, both pairs fertile: the posterior pair longest. * Anthers separated or distinct, not approximate in pairs, their cells parallel or nearly so. 11 Agastache Stamens divergent or distant, exserted. * * Anthers more or less approximate in pairs; their cells divaricate or divergent: filaments ascending, not exserted. 546 LABIAT I2 Nepeta Erect plants: flowers verticillastrate-glomerate and spicate : calyx tubular, not bilabiate, nearly equally 2-toothed. 18 GuEcoma Trailing plants: flowers axillary: calyx unequally 5-toothed. 14 Dracocephalum Erect plants with glomerate-spicate inflorescence: calyx bilabiate, the upper tooth iargest. TRIBE v Stamens 4, ascending and parallel, all fertile; the the anterior pair longer with the anthers by abortion one-celled; those of the posterior pair 2-celled. 15 Secutellaria Calyx with a strong projection on the upper side. TRIBE vi Stamens 4, all fertile, parallel and ascending under the concave or somewhat galeate upper lip of the bilabiate corolla. * Calyx reticulate-veiny, membranaceous or chartaceous, more or less inflated, deeply bilabiate; the lips flattened and closed in fruit; upper lip plain and broad: corolla with inflated throat from a more or less exgerted tube. 16 Brunella Inflorescence verticillastrate-capitate or spicate: calyx ob- long, somewhat 10-nerved, upper lip truncate, 3-toothed. * * Calyx more or less membranaceous and inflated or enlarged after flowering, obscurely nerved, but somewhat veiny, 3-5-lobed, not bilabiate, open: corolla showy ; throat inflated, upper lip more or less concave, not galeate: filaments more or less villous. 17 Physostegia Flowers simply opposite in the axils of the leaves or bracts: calyx nearly regular and equally 5-toothed. * * * Calyx of firmer texture, distinctly 5-10-nerved or striate, 5-10-toothed. : + Stamens included in.the short tube of the corolla, the upper lip of which is merely concave. 18 Marrvstum Calyx tubular-cylindraceous, strongly ribbed, and with 5 or 10 subulate or spinulose teeth. + + Stamens ascending under the galeate upper lip of the corolla 19 Reorcans Calyx turbinate, 5-nerved, and with 5 subulate spinescent teeth. 20 Lamium Calyx tubular or turbinate-campanulate, the 5 teeth subu- late but not spinescent. + + + Stamens all orthe lower pair sometimes deflexed to the sides of the throat or contorted after anthesis. 21 Stachys Calyx tubular-campanulate or turbinate, 5-10-nerved and 5-toothed. I Nutlets rugose-reticulated, with introrsely very oblique or even ventral and comparatively large scar of attachment. Ovary merely 4-lobed or not very deeply 4-parted. Seeds exalbuminous. Tribe 1 Ajugoidex Benth. in DC. Prodr. xvi, 571. Calyx 5-10- nerved. Stamens ascending, mostly exserted from the wpper side of the corolla, 4 in our genera. Ovules and seeds more or less ampht- tropous. Nutlets obovoid, dry. : TRICHOSTEMA LABIATZ 547 TEUCRIUM 1 TRICHOSTEMA L. Sp. 598. Annual or perennial erect branching herbs or suffrutescent plants with entire or slightly repand leaves and small or middle- sized, mostly blue, flowers, paniculate or in axillary loose or dense cymes. Calyx campanulate, very unequally or almost equally 5-lobed. Corolla with narrow tube and more or less ob- lique limb; the somewhat similar lobes oblong and more or less declined. Stamens 4, with long filaments that are spirally coiled in the unopened limb, at length long-exserted, and divaricate or divergent! anther-cells. Ovary deeply 4-lobed. Amphitropous ovules and seeds ascending, being attached below the middle. T. oblongum Benth. Lab. 659. Soft-villous throughout; stem simple or branching from the base, 2-12 inches high from an annual root: leaves oblong*or oval, with narrowed base, an inch or less lung, membranaceous, costate-veined : flowers in short glomerate cymules shorter than the leaves: calyx nearly equally 5-parted, its lanceolate acuminate lobes about 3 lines long, much longer than the tube: corolla blue, inconspicuous, its tube not surpassing the calyx: filaments blue, long-exserted. In moist places, western Washington to California. T. laxum Gray Proc. Am. Acad. vii, 387. Minutely soft-pubescent annual: stem 6-14 inches high, simple or loosely branched: leaves rather distant, ianceolate and oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, 1-2 inches long,rather obscurely pinnately veined tapering at base, mostly into a slender petiole: flowers in rather loose often forked long-peduncled cymules: pedicels a line long: calyx campanulate, about 2 lines long, its equal ovate-triangular acute lobes longer than the tube: corolla blue, 3-4 lines long, almost glab- rous: stamens 6-8 lines long. On gravelly bars along streams, southern Oregon to California. - , lanceolatum Benth. l..c. Cinereous-pubescent or villous annual: stem 6-12 inches high, rather sparingly branched, very leafy: leaves much longer than the internodes, ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, narrowed below to a very short petiole or sessile, acute and minutely cuspidate, strongly nerved: flowers in small sessile or very short-peduncled cymules much shorter than the leaves: pedicels a line or two long: calyx campanulate, about 2 lines long, its triangular-ovate acute lobes longer than the tabe: corolla blue, 6 lines long, the tube almost filiform, somewhat pubescent. Common in dry ground, western Oregon to California. 2. TEUCRIUM L. Sp. 562. Herbs or shrubs with dentate or entire leaves and rather small pink, white or purplish flowers in terminal bracted spikes or heads, or verticillate in the upperaxils. Calyx campanulate. 10- nerved, equally or unequally 5-toothed. Corolla-tube short, the limb irregularly 5-lobed, the two short upper lobes oblong, erect or declined, the lateral lobes more or less united with the upper ones, the lower lobe larger, declined. Stamens 4, exserted betw- een the two upper lobes of the corolla, the anterior pair longest. Anther-cells divergent, confluent at base. Nutlets obovoid, ru- gose-reticulated, with a broad introrse areola. TY. occidentale Gray Syn. FI. ii, 349. Villous or pubescent perennial: stem erect rather stout, usually much branched, 1-3 feet high, the branches ascending: leaves lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, thin, acute or acuminate 548 . LABIAT Z& MENTHA LYCOPUS at the apex, sharply dentate, mostly rounded at base, usually slender-peti- oled, 1-3 inches loug: spikes dense, becoming 3-8 inches long in fruit: bracts lanceolate-subulate or the lower sometimes larger: calyx ‘villous- pubescent, its 3 upper teeth acute or acutish: corolla 4-6 lines long. In moist soil, eastern Washington to California, Pennsylvania and Ontario. II Ovary deeply 4-parted. Nutlets smooth or granulate, with small basal scar of attachment. Seeds mostly exalbumenous. Tribe 2 Menthoidex Benth in DC. Prodr. xii, 149. Corolla less strongly bilabiate and the lobes flatter than in the succeeding tribes, upper lip not galeate or concave. Stamens not declined, the postertor pair shorter or wanting. Anthers, in our genera, 2-celled; the cells distinct or more or less conflwent. | 3 MENTHA L. Sp. 576 Erect or diffuse herbs with simple mostly punctate leaves and small pink, purple or white flowers in axillary whorls, or dense or interrupted terminal spikes. Calyx campanulate to tubular, 10-nerved, regular to slightlv bilabiate, 5-toothed. Corolla with tube shorter than the calyx, and somewhat irregular 4-cleft limb; the posterior lobe usually somewhat broader than the others, en- tire oremarginate. Stamens 4, equal, erect, sometimes imperfect: filaments glabrous: anthers two-celled, the cells parallel. Ovary 4-parted : style cleft at the summit. Nutlets ovoid, smooth. M. Canadensis L. Sp 577. More or less pubescent perennial: stems erect, bees or branched, usually slender, 6-30 inches high : leaves oblong or ovate-oblong- or oblong-lanceolate, slender-petioled acute at the apex, or the lower obtuse, sharply serrate, narrowed to a somewhat cuneate acute or obtuse base, glabrous or very sparingly pubescent, the larger 2-3 inches long: flowers all in short and dense sessile axillary glomerules : calyx oblong-campanulate, densely or sparingly pubescent all over, its teeth — about one third as long as the tube. In moist meadows, Brit. Columbia to California and across the Continent. 4 LYCOPUS L. Sp. 21, Perennial herbs with erect or diffuse stems, mostly dentate leaves and small flowers bracted and verticillate in dense axil- lary clusters. Calyx campanulate, regular or nearly so, 4—5- toothed, not bearded in the throat. Corolla campanulate to cy- lindric, equalling or longer than the calyx, the limb nearly equal- ly 4-cleft, or one of the lobes larger and emarginate. Perfect stamens 2, anterior, the posterior pair rudimentary or wanting; anther-cells parallel. Nutlets smooth, trigonous, truncate at the summit. L. Virginicus L. Sp. 21. Glabrous or puberulent: stems slender, 6-24 inches high, simple or branched: propagating by long filiform some- times tuber-bearing stolons: leaves lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, acumin- ate at the apex, coarsely and sharply dentate, narrowed or cuneate at the base, 1-3 inches long, 6-18 lines wide, petioled, or the upper sessile: bracts short, oblong: calyx about a line long, 4- or sometimes 5-toothed, the teeth ovate or ovate-lanceolate, obtuse or subacute: corolla about a line broad, nearly twice as long as the calyx: nutlets as long or longer than the calyx. eee Se ee ae eee eee ee ee we a ae ge Se ae ee ee a el i ee) LYCOPUS LABIAT ZA 549 MONARDELLA In wet places, throughout most of North America. L. rubellus Moench Meth. Suppl. 146. Glabrous or minutely puberu- lent: stems erect or ascending, simple, or at length freely branched, !-3 feet high: leaves ovate to oblong-lanceolate, or narrower, acuminate at the apex, sharply dentate, narrowed or cuneate at base. 2-5 inches long, 6-18 lines wide, usually tapering into conspicuous petioles: bracts minute, acute or acuminate: calyx-teeth triangular-subulate, herbaceous, one-half as. long as the tube or more: corolla longer than. tie calyx: rudimentary ponieror filaments oval or oblong: nutlets much shorter than the calyx. n wet soil, western Oregon and Washington to New York and Florida. L. Americanus Muhl, Bart. Fl. Phil. Prodr. 15. ZL. sinuatus - Ell. Puberulent or glabrous, perennial by suckers: stems stiff, erect, simple or branched, 1-2 feet high: leaves lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate in outline, incised, pinnatifid or the uppermost merely serrate, acute at the apex 2-4 inches long, petioled : bracts subulate, the outer ones sometimes exceeding the calyx: teeth of the calyx triangular-subulate, cuspidate, rigid: corolla little exceeding the calyx: rudimentary filaments thickened at their tips; nutlets much shorter then the calyx. In wet soil, Brit. Columbia to Cali- fornia and across the continent. L. lucidus Turcz. Benth in DC. Prodr. xii, 178. Pubescent or glab- rate: stems usually stout, erect, strict, leafy, simple, or sometimes branch- ed, 1-3 feet high: leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute at the apex, narrowed or rounded at base, sessile or very short-petioled, 2-6 inches long, 4-12 lines wide, sharply serrate with acute ascending teeth : bracts ovate or lanceolate, acuminate-subulate, the outer ones often as long as the flowers: calyx- teeth 5, subulate-lanceolate, nearly as long as the tube: corolla little longer than the calyx: rudimentary filaments slender, thickened at the tips: nutlets much shorter than the calyx. In wet soil, eastern Washington to California and Minnesota. 5 MONARDELLA Benth. Lab. 331. Low annual or perennial herbaceous or suffrutescent plants with mostly entire leaves and small red purple or white flowers in terminal heads subtended by broad often membranaceous and colored bracts. Calyx tubular, often elongated, 10-13-nerved, 5- toothed : the teeth short, nearly equal, straight; the throat naked within. Corolla-tube as long as the calyx: the throat glabrous within: the limb somewhat bilabiate, the upper lip two-cleft, the lower 3-cleft, and the lobes all oblong or linear, flat and nearly equal. Stamens 4, more or less unequal, or the lower ones longer, straight, divergent and exserted. Anthers with two parallel cells becoming divergent or divaricate. Style very shortly two-cleft. M. villosa Benth. Lab. 332. Somewhat canescent: stems slender, 6-18 inches high, branching from a perennial woody base, stiff and erect or as- cending: leaves rather distant, ovate to ovate-lanceolate or oblong, entire, 6-12 lines long, all short-petioled : heads sessile, 6-10 lines high, very dense ; bracts broadly ovate to elliptical, 6-8 lines long, 7-9-nerved, villous-ciliate : tinged with purple: calyx 4-6 lines long, pubescent, its short subulate teeth villous: corolla purple to white, pubescent, the tube gradually enlarged from the base and at length a line or more longer than the calyx; the ob- long lobes 2-3 lines long. On dry ridges, southwestern Oregon to California. _M. reflexa. Moreorless cinereous with a minute scurfy puberulence : stems slender, 6-14 inches high. from a woody perennial base, simple, or more or less branched: leaves ovate to lanceolate, 6-12 lines long, not as 550 LABIAT 2 MONARDELLA MICROMERIA long as the internodes, all petioled : heads often peduncled, 6-8 lines high: bracts foliaceous, spreading or reflexed, lanceolate to ovate, sometimes acuminate from an orbicular base: calyx about 5 lines long, pubescent; its triangular-subulate teeth ciliate: corolla purple to white; its pubescent tube almost filiform, hardly at all eee | upward, not longer than the calyx ; its linear lobes nearly as long as the tube. On gravelly banks and bars of the Rogue river, Oregon. M. purpurea. Verv smooth and shining except the inflorescence: whole herbage usually reddish-purple: stems slender, 3-8 inches high, simple, from a woody perennial base: leaves oblong-ovate to lanceolate, 4-12 lines long, mostly longer than the internodes, all petioled, very entire and obtuse: heads broad and rather loose, 8-10 lines high, often peduncl- ed: bracts broadly ovate to oblong, never reflexed, tinged with purple, villous-ciliate, 4-6 lines long: calyx about 5 lines long, glabrous; its subu- late teeth hirsute: corolla about 10 lines long; its pubescent tube very slightly enlarged upward, much longer than the calyx the linear lobes about 4 lines long. In dry rocky places, eastern base of the Coast Moun- tains, southwestern Oregon. . M. odoratissima Benth. Lab. 332. Somewhat cinereous with a min- ute scurfy puberulence: stems often stoutish’ and much branched, 4-10 inches long, very numerous from a perennial woody base, decumbent or ascending: leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, subsessile, 4-12 lines long, mostly longer than the internodes, acute at both ends: heads 6-10 lines high: bracts broadly ovate, very obtuse, 4-6 lines long: calyx about 5 lines long, puberulent. its triangular acute teeth softly villous: corolla rose-color, its pubescent tube slightly dilated upward, a line or more lon- ger than the calyx, lobes oblong-linear, 3-4 lines long. In rocky ravines, eastern Washington to California and the Rocky Mountains. M. discolor Greene Pitt. ii, 24. ‘‘ Rigidly suffrutescent, diffuse, a span high: leaves small, (14-3 inch long), ovate-lanceolate, entire, short- petioled, green and nearly glabrous above, white-tomentose beneath, scarcely punctate, the veins prominent beneath: heads small, bracts few, ovate or Abia obtuse, of firm texture, tomentose-canescent, not colored, arallel-nerved : calyx-teeth short, acutish, woolly-hairy withvut: corollas ight purple. ”’ ‘* Gravelly banks of the Yakima River near Clealum Washington. ”’ 6 MICROMERIA Benth, in Bot. Reg. under n. 1282. Shrubs or herbs with entire or merely dentate leaves and small flowers in bracted spikes, or few in the axils of the leaves. Calyx tubular, 13-15-nerved, 5-toothed, the teeth subequal or somewhat bilabiate. Corolla short, its straight tube usually shorter or hardly longer than the calyx; the limb bilabiate ; upper lip erect entire or emarginate, lower lip spreading, 3-lobed. Stamens 4, arcuate, shorter than the corolla, the anterior pair longest: an- thers 2-celled. Style beardless. M. Douglasii Benth. Lab. 372. Minutely pubescent: stems slender, simple, trailing, 6-20 inches long: leaves round-ovate, crenate, 6-12 lines long, on petioles 2-3 lines long: flowers usually solitary in the axils of the leaves in the middle of the stem, on filiform peduncles 4-6 lines long; calyx about 4 lines long, its acute triangular teeth less than a line ons . corolla about 6lines long, white, narrow-funnelform, with slender tu about equalling the calyx, ampliate throat and short rounded lobes. Common in wooded districts, Brit. Columbia to California. Oe ee : 4 es ae Se. i? ————— en ee ey ee ee ST MELISSA LABIAT ZA 551 POGOGYNE 7 MELISSA TL. Sp. 592. Herbs with leafy stems broad dentate leaves and small white or yellowish flowers in small axillary clusters. Calyx bilabiate, ob- long-campanulate, 13-nerved, nearly naked in the throat: upper lip flat, 3-toothed ; the lower 2-parted. Corolla exserted, its tube curved, enlarged above, naked within, the limb bilabiate; upper lip erect, emarginate; lower lip spreading, 3-cleft. Stamens 4, connivent and ascending under the upper lip of the corolla: an- thers 2-celled, the cells divaricate. : M. orricinauis L, Sp. 592. Pubescent perennial: stems rather stout, erect or ascending, 12-30 inches high: leaves ovate, petioled, pinnately _ veined, coarsely dentate or crenate-dentate, 1-214 inches long:. flowers several in the axillary clusters, short-pedicelled: calyx about 3 lines long, the teeth of its lower lip slightly exceeding those of the upper: corolla white, 5-7 lines long. In waste places: naturalized from Europe. 8 POGOGYNE Benth. Lab. 441. Low annuals with mostly entire leaves and numerous small flowers in dense or interrupted terminal bracted spikes: the bracts usually hirsutely ciliate. Calyx deeply and unequally 5-cleft, the. teeth hirsutely ciliate, the two lower longest: the tube cam- panulate or turbinate, mostly 15-nerved: the throat naked within. Corolla straight, tubular-funnelform, with short lips: upper lip erect, entire, lower lip 3-lobed, spreading. Stamens 4, the upper pair shortest, all with anthers, or the upper pair sterile, ascend- ing and above more or less approximate in pairs: anthers 2-celled, the'cells parallel and pointless. Style somewhat exserted, beard- ed above. E adbt _P. Douglasii Benth. 1. c. Stem commonly 2-6 inches high, simple, or branched from the base: leaves oblanceolate to obovate, 9-15 lines long, narrowed below toa petiole: flowers in approximate whorls, forming a dense, terminal spike, often with a single accessory whorl below, or sometimes several of the lower ax:ls with flowers: bracts linear, cuspidate, their margins ciliate with bristly white hairs: calyx about 4 lines lony, the lower teeth about twice as long as the tube, much longer and narrower. than the others, all bristly-ciliate: corolla 7-9 lines long, blue, the palate white dotted with purple, bristly: nutlets smooth, often mottled, minutely hispid at the apex. In low places that are covered with water in winter, Jackson Co. Oregon to Oalifornia. Tribe 8 Monardex Benth. in DC. Prodr. xii, 888. Antherifer- ous stamens only 2, straight or commonly parallel-ascending. An- thers with narrow usually oblong-linear cells , which are either wide- ly separated on the upper and lower ends of a linear or filiform connective which is usually longer than the filament and articulated with it, or the lower cell wanting or deformed, or the two cells confluent into one linear cell. 9 AUDIBERTIA Benth. Bot. Reg. t. 1469. Shrubs or herbs with mostly crenulate leaves and numerous flowers in capitate-glomerate or verticilastrate terminal heads or 552 LABIATA AUDIBERT!A MONARDA spikes. Calyx bilabiate; its lower lip deeply 2-cleft, the upper 3-toothed or entire, naked within. Corclla bilabiate ; its upper lip spreading, 2-lobed or emarginate, the lower lip spreading, 3- lobed, the broad middle lobe emarginate. Stamens two; filaments slender, exserted, apparently simple and bearing a linear 1-celled anther, or with an articulation, showing that the portion above it answers to a filiform connective, the lower end of which sometimes projects into a subulate point, but never showing any trace of a second anther-cell: rudiments of the posterior pair of stamens often present. Nutlets smooth, unchanged when wetted. A. ineana Benth. Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1469. A much branched hoary shrub 1-2 feet high , with ashy-grey shreddy bark: leaves spatulate to ob- ovate, obtuse or retuse, entire, thick, an inch or less long, tapering below — to a slender petiole: bracts obovate or oval, the innermost spatulate, pu- bescent and ciliate, tinged with rose or purple: calyx oblong-campanulate, 3-4 lines long, pubescent, often tinged with red, somewhat curved, its ob- long lower lobes almost as long as the broad emarginate upper one: corolla blue, 6-7 lines long, the tube longer than the calyx: stamens long-exserted. On rocky banks and ridges, eastern Washington to California, Idaho and Arizona. 10 MONARDA LIL. Sp. 22. Perennial or annual erect herbs with dentate or serrate leaves and rather large flowers in dense capitate, mostly bracteate and bracteolate clusters. Calyx tubular, narrow, 15-nerved, nearly or quite equally 5-toothed, mostly villous in the throat. Corolla glabrous within, usually pubescent or glandular outside: the tube slightly dilated above: the limb bilabiate: upper lip erect or arched, emarginate or entire: lower lip spreading, 3-lobed, the middle lobe longer or larger than the others. Stamens 2, ascend- ing usually exserted, the posterior pair rudimentary or wanting: anthers linear, versatile, 2-celled, the cells divaricate, move or less confluent at the base. Nutlets ovoid, smooth. M. secabra Beck Am. Journ. of Sci. x, 260. M. fistulosa var. mollis Benth. Puberulent perennial: stems usually slender, 1-216 feet high. usu- ally branched: leaves thick or firm, pale, usually short-petioled, acuminate or acute at the apex, rounded narrowed or cordate at base, sharply or sparingly serrate, canescent or puberulent or nearly glabrous, 1-3% inches long, 6-12 lines wide: heads terminal, solitary: bracts green or tinged with pink : calyx puberulent, often hairy at the summit, densely villous in the throat, its short subulate teeth nearly erect: corolla yellowish or pink, about 15 lines long, pubescent, sometimes glandular: stamens exserted. On prairies and plains, Brit. Columbia to Idaho, Arizona, Texas and Neb. Tribe 5. Nepetex Benth. in DC.¥Prodr. xii, 368. Calyx usu- ally 15-nerved; the wpper teeth or lip commonly longer or larger. Corolla distinctly bilabiate. Stamens 4} all fertile: the wpper pair longest. 11 ‘AGASTACHE Clayt. Gronoyv. Fl. Virg. 88. LOPHANTHUS Benth. Tall erect perennial herbs with serrate mainly ovate petiole a ’ . . t § § : ‘ —— a AGASTACHE . LABIATA 553 NEPETA leaves and yellowish purplish or hlue flowers verticillate-clustered in dense or interrupted bracted terminal spikes. Calyx narrowly campanulate, somewhat oblique, slightly bilabiate, 5-toothed. Corolla strongly bilabiate, the tube as long as the calyx: upper lip erect, 2-lobed, the lower one spreading, 3-lobed, its middle lobe broader than the lateral ones and crenulate. Stamens all antheriferous, the upper pair longest: anthers 2-celled, their cells nearly parallel. Nutlets ovoid, smooth. A. urticifolia Kydberg. Lophanthus urticifolius Benth. Glabrous: stems erect and simple, 2-4 feet high: leaves thin, triangular-ovate, obtuse to acute at the apex, truncate to cordate at base, 1-3 inches long, coarsely and irregularly dentate, glabrous both sides, on petioles an inch or less long: spikes dense, 1-3 inches long, an inch or less thick, sessile: bracts linear-lanceolate, entire, or some of the lower ones ovate and more or less toothed: calyx narrow-campanulate, 4-5 lines long, its lanceolate acumin- ate-subulate teeth subequal, nearly as long as the tube, white or tinged with perpie: corolla light violet. or purplish to white, 6-7 lines long. In wet places in the mountains, Oregon to California and the Rocky Mts. A. occidentalis Heller. Wleckia occidentalis Piper. Glabrous below, puberulent above: stems strict, simple, 2-4 feet high: leaves triangular- ovate, obtuse or sometimes acute at the apex, cordate at base coarsely serrate-dentate, green and glabrous above, canescent beneath, 1-2 inches long, on petioles 6-12 lines long: spikes thick and dense, 1-4 inches long an inch .or more thick: calyx puberulent, narrow-campanulate, 4-5 lines long, its triangular-subulate very acute teeth not aslong as the tube, tinged with violet: corolla light violet, 5-6 lines long. Wet places in the high mountains of Washington. 12 NEPETA L. Sp. 570. _Erect herbs with dentate or incised leaves and rather small flowers in verticillate clusters usually crowded in terminal spikes or axillary and cymose. Calyx tubular, somewhat oblique at the — mouth, 15-nerved, usually incurved, 5-toothed, scarcely bilabiate but the upper teeth usually longer than the lower. Corolla-tube enlarged above,.the limb strongly bilabiate: upper lip erect, entire, emarginate or 2-lobed: lower lip 3-lobed, the middle one larger than the lateral ones. Stamens 4, all antheriferous, ascending under the upper lip: anthers 2-celled, the cells divaricate. Nut- lets compressed-ovoid, smooth. N. Cararra L. Sp. 570. (Catnip) Densely tomentulose-canescent pale green perennial: stems stout, much brancbed, 2-3 feet high, the branches straight, ascending: leaves ovate to oblong, acute at the apex, coarsely crenate-dentate, mostly cordate at base, 1-3 inches long, greener above than below, all petioled: flowers in dense verticillastrate spikes at the ends of the branches and stems: bracts small, foliaceous: bractlets subulate: calyx densely pubescent, its teeth subulate the upper about one-half the length of the tube: corolla nearly white or pale purple, dark-dotted, pubes- cent outside, 5-6 lines long, its tube a little longer than the calyx, the broad middle lobe of the lower lip crenulate. In waste places, naturalized from Europe. 13. GLECHOMA L. Sp. 578. Low diffuse creeping herbs with long-petioled crenate leaves 554 LABIAT A GLECHOMA DRACOCEPHALUM and comparatively large violet or blue flowers in small verticillate axillary clusters. Calyx oblong-tubular, 15-nerved, oblique at tue orifice, unequally 5-toothed. Corolla-tube exserted, auliteoa above, the limb bilabiate: upper lip erect, 2-lobed or emarginate, the lower spreading, 3 lobed. Stamens 4, all antheriferous, not exserted : anthers 2-celled, the cells divergent. Nutlets ovoid, smooth. Gi. HEDERACEA L. Sp 578. (Grounp Ivy.) Pubescent perennial: stems creeping, 6-18 inches long, the branches ascending : leaves nearly orbicular or reniform, cordate at base, 6-18 lines in diameter, green both sides, coarsely crenate: clusters few-flowered: bractlets shorter than the calyx, subulate: calyx puberulent, its teeth acute or lanceolate-acuminate, about one-third as long as the tube: corolla-tube 2-3 times as long as the calyx: upper pair of stamens much longer than the lower pair. In waste places, escaped from gardens. 14 DRACOCEPHALUM L, Sp. 594. Herbs with dentate incised or entire leaves and blue or purple flowers in axillary and terminal bracted clusters. Calyx tubular, 15-nerved, straight or incurved, 5-toothed, the upper teeth much longer than the others, or bilabiate with the 3 upper teeth more or less united. Corolla expanded above, its limb bilabiate: upper lip erect, emarginate, the lower spreading, 3-lobed, the middle lobe largest and sometimes 2-cleft. Stamens 4, all antheriferous, the upper pair longest: anthers 2-celled, the cells divaricate. Nutlets ovoid, smooth. , N D. parviflorum Nutt. Gen. ii, 35. A somewhat pubescent annual or biennial: stem rather stout, usually branched, 6-24 inches high: leaves lanceolate, ovate or oblong, serrate or the lower incised, acute or obtuse at the apex, rounded or narrowed at base, thin, 1-3 inches long, all slender-. petioled : flowers numerous, in dense terminal spikes, and sometimes also in the upper axils: bracts ovate tooblong, pectinate with awn-pointed teeth, shorter than or equalling the calyx: pedicels 1-2 lines long: upper teeth of the calyx ovate-oblong, longer than the narrow lower and lateral ones, all acuminate: corolla light biue, scarcely longer than the calyx. In dry rocky or gravelly soil, Alaska to Idaho and New York. Tribe 5 Scutellariex Benth. in DC. Prodr. xii, 407. Herbage bitterish, little or not at all aromatic, Calyx bilabiate, closed in Sruit; the lips entire. Corolla bilabiate; but with the small lateral lobes more connected with the galeate wpper lip: lower lip therefore of a single lobe. Stamens 4, ascending and parallel: both pairs fertile; the lower or outer pair longer and with anthers mostly 1-celled by abortion: those of the upper pair 2-celled. Upper fork of the style very short or none, Nutlets depressed or globular. 15 SCUTELLARIA L. Sp. 598. Annual or perennial herbs, rarely shrubby, with blue or violet. flowers in terminal or axillary bracted mostly secund spike-like racemes, or 1-3 in the axils. Calyx campanulate, bilabiate; the lips entire, the upper one with a crest or protuberance upon its back and often deciduous in fruit; the lower one persistent. aS Te - ul 5 SCUTELLARIA LABIAT A 555 Corolla much exserted, recurved-ascending, dilated above, glab- rons within, the limb bilabiate: upper lip arched, entire or emar- ginate : the lower lip spreading or deflexed, its lateral lobes small and somewhat connected with the upper, the middle lobe broad and sometimes emarginate, the margins mostly recurved. Sta- mens 4, all antheriferous. Nutlets borne on a short or elongated ey nobase, 3 “Rios | S. laterifiora L. Sp. 598. Perennial by stolons: glabrous throughout or pubescent above: stems slender, erect or ascending, usually branched, 1-2 feet high, leaves ovate to ovate-lanceolate, thin, acute or acuminate at the apex, coarsely dentate-serrate, obtuse narrowed or subcordate at base, 1-3 inches long, all on slender petioles an inch or more long: flowers in narrow, secund, axillary and often also terminal racems, leafy-bracted below, several- to many-flowered: calyx about a line long: corolla blue to nearly white, 3-5 lines long, its lips about equal, one-fifth as long as the tube: nutlets borne on a very short gynobase. In wet places, Oregon to Brit. Columbia and across the Continent, S. nana Gray Proc. Am. Acad. ii, 100. Minutely puberulent: stems 1-2 inches high, from thick subterranean shoots, much branched from near the base: leaves crowded, from obovate to spatulate, entire, 6-12 lines long, thickish, tapering below toa short petiole: flowers solitary and op- posite in the axils of the upper leaves, calyx about 2 lines long,: corolla white or yellowish, 6-8 lines long, with rather broad dilated throat, the lips about equal in length, In claye soil, southeastern Oregon to Nevada. S. tuberosa Benth. Lab. 441. Soft-villous or pubescent: perennial by tubers that terminate filiform underground stolons: stems 2-5 inches high, branching from the base, denselv leafy: leaves thin, from ovate or oblong -to broadly lanceolate, obtuse, at the apex, subcordate to tapering at base, the blade 3-6 lines long, coarsely few-toothed, all petioled: flowers solitary and opposite in the axils of the leaves: calyx about 2 lines long, soft- villous, enlarged in fruit: corolla blue or violet, 7-9 lines long: nutlets strongly nk Sate In loose soil on dry -wooded hillsides, southern Oregon to alifornia. : S. angustifolia Pursh FI. ii, 412. Minutely pubescent or almost glab- rous: stems erect or ascending, 6-12 inches high, often branched, perennial by woody and fibrous roots: leaves from linear to narrowly oblong, entire, tapering at base, the blade 6-15 lines long, short-petioled, or the upper ones sessile, the radical leaves often roundish or even cordate, and som e- times toothed: flowers solitary in the axils of the upper leaves: calyx in flower but little more than a line long, becoming much enlarged in fruit, split to the base: corolla blue or violet, 10-12 lines long, with slender tube nearly straight at base and moderately enlarged throat, the broad lower lip villous within : nutlets minutely granulate. In dry placesinthem nu - tains, Brit. Columbia to California. S. siphocampyloides Vatke Bot. Zeit. xxx, 717. Tomentulose-canes- cent: stems erect, 6-12 inches high, branching, perennial by wood y and fibrous roots: leaves from linear to narrowly oblong, entire, 6-15 lines long, short-petioled, or the upper sessile: flowers solitary in the axils of the upper leaves: calyx about a line long in flower, enlarged in fruit: corolla blue to violet, 10-12 lines long, the slender tube recurved at base, and above this erect or thrown somewhat backward, the throat moderately en- larged upward. In canyons, southern Oregon to western California. S. antirrhinoides Benth. Bot. Reg. xviii, under 1493. Glabrous or minu : Stems somaw hat cespitose at the ends of white fleshy underground shoots, 7-8 inches high: leaves oblong or somewhat lanc eolate Wood Somat rAQLO 556 LABIATZA SCUTELLARIA BRUNELLA or the lower obovate, 3-12 lines long, all abruptly contracted at base to short or maderately, long petioles, obtuse to acute at the apex, entire: flowers solitary, in the axils of the upper leaves: peduncles 1-3 lines long. calyx hardly 2 lines long in flower, becoming moderately enlarged in fruit, minutely puberulent: corolla blue, 10-12 lines long, puberulent, with short tube and broad throat, the broad lower lip pba fe within. In moist soil along streams, Washington to California and Nevada. S. galericulata L. Sp. 599. Puberulent or pubescent: stems solitary at the ends of underground perennial shoots, erect, usually branched, 1-3 feet high: leaves thin, ohlong-lanceolate to ovate-oblong, acute at the apex, dentate with low teeth, or the upper entire, 1-14¢ inches long, rounded or subcordate at base, the uppermost much smaller and sessile or nearly so, the lower ones petioled: flowers solitary in the axils of the upper leaves, short-peduncled: calyx ibang a line long, split to the base, enlarged in fruit: corolla blue, puberulent, 8-12 lines long, with a slender tube and slightly enlarged throat: nutlets densely muriculate-scabrous. In low wet places, Brit. Columbia to Oregon, Arizona and the Atlantic States. Tribe 6 Stachydex Benth. in DC. Prodr. xii, 407. Herbage bitter-aromatic or scarcely aromatic. Calyx 5-l0-nerved or veiny. Stamens 4, all with anthers, parallel and mostly ascending wnder the concave and commonly galeate upper lip of the bilabiate corolla, the lower or outer pair longest, except in Phlomis. Anthers 2-celled or confluently somewhat 1-celled. 16 BRUNELLA L. Sp. 600. Perennial herbs with petioled leavegyvand purple or white flow- ers in dense bracted terminal and axillary spikes or heads. Calyx oblong, reticulate-veined, about 10-nerved, deeply bilabiate, closed in fruit: upper lip nearly truncate, or with 3 short teeth: lower lip 2-cleft, its teeth lanceolate. Corolla-tube inflated, slightly nar- rowed at the mouth, its limb strongly bilabiate: upper lip entire, arched: lower lip spreading, 5-lobed. Stamens 4, all fertile, the lower pair longest: filaments of the longer stamens 2-toothed at the summit, one of the teeth bearing the anther, the other sterile. Anthers 2-celled, the cells divergent or divaricate. Nutlets ovoid, smooth. . B. vulgaris L. Sp. 600. Pubescent to nearly glabrous: stems numer- ous, slender, erec rocumbent, 2-24 inches long, usually simple: leaves thin, ovate or oblong to oblong-lanceolate, usually narrowed at base, entire or crenate, 2-4 inches long, the lowest commonly shorter, and sometimes subcordate, all petioled : spikes usually sessile, 1-2 inches long dense, ter- minal: bracts broadly ovate-orbicular, strongly nerved, more or less hirsute and ciliate: calyx cylindraceous, about 4 lines long, more or less hirsute, the teeth all cuspidate and ciliate: corolla blue or violet to nearly white, 1-8 lines long. Common in open places, Alaska to California and across the Continent: also in Asia. 17 PHYSOSTEGIA Benth. Lab. 504 (1834) Erect perennial herbs with serrate, dentate or entire leaves and middle-sized bilabiate flowers in terminal bracted spikes or ra- cemes. Calyx campanulate or oblong, membranaceous, enlarged and remaining open in fruit, 10-nerved, equally 5-toothed. Co- rolla much longer than the calyx, its tube gradually much en- - % a 2 | Oe ee ea, SS eS PHYSOSTEGIA LABIAT A 557 MARRUBIUM larged upward; upper lip concave, rounded, entire ; the lower one spreading, 3-lobed, the middle lobe commonly emarginate. Sta- mens 4, ascending under the upper lip of the corolla, the lower pair the longest ; filaments pubescent; anthers all alike, 2-celled, the cells nearly parallel, the margins of their valves commonly spinulose or denticulate. Nutlets ovoid-triquetrous, smooth. ~P. parviflora Nutt. Benth. in DC. Prodr. xii, 487 as synonym. Glabrous: stems rather stout, 1-3 feet high, simple, or branched above: leaves mostly lanceolate, acute, or the lower ones obtuse, at the apex, sharply serrate, somewhat narrowed at base. all sessile or the lowest petioled, 3-4 inches long, 3-10 lines wide: spikes several- many-flowered, 1-4 inches long: bracts ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acute, shorter than the calyx: calyx in flower campanulate, 2 lines long, its teeth ovate. obtuse or acutish, becoming globose-oblong in fruit: corolla purple, 6 lines long. In moist meadows, northwestern Oregon to Brit. Columbia and Minnesota. 18 MARRUBIUM L. Sp. 582. _ Perennial herbs with petioled dentate leaves and small flowers in dense axillary clusters. Calyx tubular, 5-10-nerved, regularly 5-10-toothed, the teeth nearly equal, or the alternate ones short- er, acute or acutish, spreading or recurved in fruit. Corolla bilabiate, the upper lip erect, entire or emarginate, the lower spreading, 2-cleft, its broader middle lobe commonly emarginate. Stamens 4, included, the posterior pair the shorter. Anthers 2- celled, the cells divergent, Nutlets ovoid, smooth. M. vuieare I. Sp. 583. (Wuite Hoarnounp.) Stems erect, stout, 1-3 feet high, white-woolly, much branched, the branches ascending : leaves oval or broadly ovate to nearly orbicular, rugose-veined, obtuse at the apex, crenate-dentate, rounded, narrowed or subcordate at base, 1-2 inches long, rough, whitish above, woolly beneath, on petioles 6-12 lines long: flowers in dense many-flowered axillary clusters: calyx-teeth usually 10, glabrous above, woolly below subulate, more or less recurved: cvrolla white, 3-4 lines long. In waste piaces: naturalized from Europe. 19 LEONURUS L. Sp. 584. Tall perennial herbs’ with palmately cleft, parted or dentate leaves and small white or pink flowers in dense verticillate axil- lary clusters. Calyx tubular-campanulate, 5-nerved, nearly reg- ular and equally 5-toothed, the teeth rigid, subulate or aristate. Corolla bilabiate: upper lip erect, concave or nearly flat, entire: lower lip spreading, or deflexed, 3-lobed, the middle lobe broad, obcordate or emarginate. Stamens 4, the anterior pair longest: anthers 2-celled, the cells mostly parallel. Nutlets 3-sided, smooth. L. Carpraca L. Sp. 584. Puberulent perennial: stems rather stout, strict, commonly branched, 2-5 feet high, the branches straight and as- cending: leaves membranaceous, the lower nearly orbicular, palmately 3-5-cleft; 2-4 inches broad, the lobes acuminate, incised or dentate, upper narrowly oblong-lanceolate or rhombic, 3-cleft or the upper merely 3-tvoth- ed, all slender-petioled, canescently puberulent beneath, green above: flowers in dense glomerate clusters in the axils of the upper leaves, shorter than the petioles: calyx glabrous, about 3 lines long, its teeth lanceolate- subulate, somewhat spreading, nearly as long as the tube: corolla pink. purple or white, 3-5 lines long, its tube with an oblique ring of hairs with- 558 LABIATZ LAMIUM STACHYS in, its upper lip ‘slightly concave, densely white-woolly outside. In sandy places: naturalized from Europe. 20 LAMIUM L. Sp. 579. Annual or perennial herbs with crenate dentate or incised usually cordate leaves and small flowers verticillate in axillary and ‘terminal clusters. Calyx tubular-campanulate, about 5- nerved, 5-toothed, the teeth equal, or the upper ones larger. ‘Tube of the corolla commonly longer than the calyx, its limb bilabiate upper lip concaye, erect, usually entire, narrowed at the base: lower lip spreading, 3-cleft, the middle lobe emarginate, contracted at base, the lateral ones sometimes each with a tooth- like appendage. Stamens 4, the anterior pair longest. Anthers 2-celled, the cells divaricate, often hirsute on the back. Nutlets smooth or tuberculate. L. saMitexicatiE L. Sp, 579. Sparingly pubescent annual or biennial: stems slender, weak, branched from the base and often from the lower axils also 6-18 inciies long: leaves orbicular or nearly so coarsely crenate, 6-18 lines broad, rounded at the apex; the lower slender-petioled, mostly cordate at base; the upper sessile and more or less clasping: flowers rather few, in axillary and terminal clusters: calyx pubescent, its erect teeth nearly as long as the tube corolla purplish or red. 6-8 lines long, its tube very slender, the lateral lobes of the lower lip very small, the middle lobe spotted, the upper lip somewhat pubescent. In fields and waste places: naturalized from Europe. 21 STACHYS L. Sp. 580. Perennial or annual herbs with square stems and small or rather large flowers loosely verticillate in terminal dense or interrupted spikes often also in the upper axils. Calyx mostly campanulate, 5-10-nerved. 5-toothed, the teeth nearly equal in our species. Corolla with narrow tube and strongly bilabiate limb: upper lip erect, concave, entire or emarginate: the lower one 3-cleft, the middle lobe broader than the lateral ones, sometimes 2-lobed. Stamens 4, the anterior pair longest, sometimes deflexed or twisted after anthesis. Anthers approximate in pairs, 2-celled, the cells mostly divergent. Nutlets ovoid or oblong. S. pycnantha Benth. Pl. Hartw. 331. Soft-pubescent with somewhat fulvous hairs: rootstock creeping, perennial: stems rather stout, 1-3 feet high, very leafy: leaves oblong-ovate, obtuse or the upper ones acute at the apex, crenate-dentate, subcordate, 1--+ inches long, on short and stout petioles; floral leaves all reduced to small bracts of the dense oblong or cylindraceous spike, each subtending about 3 flowers: calyx-teeth deltoid, mucronulate, very hirsute, fully equalling the tube of the corolla: upper lip*of the corolla strongly bearded. In sandy fields, Hood River Oregon to California. S. vestita. Soft-pubescent with whitish hairs: rootstock slender, - creeping, perennial: stems rather slender, 1-3 feet high, branched above: leaves oblong-ovate subcordate, crenate-dentate, obtuse or acutish at the apex, 1-3 inches long, mostly slender-petioled: flowers 1-3 in each axil of the small lanceolate bracts: calyx campanulate, its deltoid mucronulate teeth nearly as long as the tube, strongly hirsute: corolla 6-8 lines long, the slender tube longer than the calyx, upper lip sparingly bearded. In PF; a .s — === - ROS ee Se ee STACHYS LABIAT Ae 559 wet places, southwertern Oregon. S. Palustris L. Sp. 580. Hirsute or pubescent: rootstock slender, perennial: stems erect, strict, simple or somewhat branched, commonly slender and retrorse-hispid on the angles, 1-4 feet high: leaves lanceolate, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, sessile or very short petioled, acuminate or acute at the apex, truncate to cordate at base, 1-5 inches long, crenate or dentate: flower-clusters 6-10-flowered, approximate or interrupted: calyx pubescent, its subulate teeth more than half as long as the tube: corolla purplish to pale red, purple-spotted, 6-8 lines long, its upper lip pubescent. In moist meadows, northern Oregon to New York and Newfoundland. S. bullata Benth. Lab. 547. Hirsute’pubescent or somewhat hispid to villoas, or sometimes nearly glabrous above: stems usually slender, 1-3 feet high, from a slender perennial rootstock: leaves ovate to oblong, obtuse or the upper ones acutish at the apex, rather coarsely crenafe, 1-2 inches long, rounded or subcordate at base mostly petioled: spikes 2-6 inches long, interrupted: calyx campanulate, about 4 lines long, its deltoid- subulate and aristulate-acuminate teeth fully half as long as the tube: corolla 6-7 lines long, its tube about equalling the calyx. and but little longer than the lower lip. In rather dry soil, Oregon to California. mostly obtuse at the apex, 2-6 inches long, crenate serrate, sericeous- hirsute above, softly villous-canescent beneath, rugose-veiny, cordate at base, all petioled: spikes mostly naked, at length elongated and interrupt- ed; the floral leaves reduced to bracts and shorter than the flowers: calyx cylindraceous, densely hirsute, about 5 lines long, its cuspidate deltoid teeth about one-third as long as the tube: corolla rose-red or darker, about 10 lines long, the tube fully twice as long as the calyx, the upper lip hirsute. In swamps, western Oregon to California. - Chamisso nth. Linn. vi, 80. Stems stout, 2-6 feet high, sim-O spol ple, or branched near the top, retrorsely hispid: leaves oblong-ovate, : = S. ciliata Dougl. Benth. Lab. 539. Green and glabrate or sparingly pubescent: stems stout, 2-6 feet high, siniple, or branched above, sparingly retrorsely-hispid on the acute angles: leaves thin, ovate to oblong, 2-6 inches long, crenate-toothed, subcordate, all petioled. dark green above, paler beneath; petioles retrorsely hispid-ciliate: spikes 2-8 inches long, the whorls approximate or interrupted calyx sparsely hirsute, campanu- late, about 4 lines long, its cuspidate deltoid teeth about a line long: corolla rose red, about 10 lines long, the narrow tube twice as long as the calyx; jo pbper lip minutely pubescent. In moist alluvial soil, Oregon to Brit. olumbia. Var. pubens Gray Syn. FI. ii, 388. Soft pilose-pubescent or villous- hirsute, especially the calyx and lower face of the leaves: flowers commonly rather smaller or shorter. Washington to Brit. Columbia. S. Emersoni Piper Eryth. vi, 31. Stems about 8 feet high, glabrous or sparsely hispid on the faces, scabrous on the angles with retrorse rather long and weak papillose-based hairs: rootstock perennial: leaves about six pairs, ovate, cordate or subcordate at base, obtuse, coarsely crenate, sparse- ly pilose-pubescent on both faces, 3-4 inches long by 2 inches broad, peti- oled: flowers solitary or in twos, the lowest in the axils of the upper leaves, the upper contracted into a leafy-bracted spike: bracts lanceolate, nearly sessile, exceeding the flowers: calyx campanulate, its teeth deltoid-acumin- ate, tipped with a white arista, hirsute-ciliate: corolla 6lines long, purplish, puberulent outside; lower lip spotted with white. Along river banks, Hoquiam Washington. I refer here with doubt specimens that I collected along Trask river Tillamook Co. Oregon. 560 VERBENACEZ VERBENA OrpDER Lxx11 VERBENACEA J. St. Hil. Expos. Fam. i, 445. Herbs, shrubs or trees with opposite or verticillate, rarely alternate, leaves and perfect more or less irregular, or some- times regular, flowers in terminal or axillary spikes, racemes, cymes or panicles. Calyx inferior, mostly persistent, usually 4-5-lobed or 4-5-cleft. Corolla gamopetalous, regular or bi- labiate, the tube usually cylindrical and the limb 4 5-cleft. Stamens 4, didynamous, rarely only 2 or as many as lobes of the corolla, inserted on the corolla and alternate with its lobes. Anthers 2-celled. the cells dehiscent longitudinally. Ovary 2-10-celled, composed of 2 carpels, each with 2 anatropous or amphritropous ovules, thus in 4-celled ovaries 1 ovule in each cell. Style terminal: stigmas lor 2. Fruit dry, separating at maturity into 2-4 nutlets or a 2-4-seeded drupe. Embryo straight, in little or no albumen. 1 VERBENA Tourn, L. Sp. 18. Herbs or shrubs mostly with opposite leaves and variously colored flowers in terminal solitary, corymbed or panicled spikes. Calyx 5-angled, more or less unequally 5-toothed. Corolla sal- verform or funnelform, the tube straight or somewhat curved, the limb spreading, 5-lobed, slightly bilabiate or regular. Stamens 4, or very rarely only 2, included: connective of the anther un- appendaged, or sometimes provided with a gland. Ovary 4-celled. Style usually short, 2-lobed, one of the lobes stigmatic. Fruit dry, mostly enclosed by the calyx, at length separating into 4 1-seeded linear-oblong crustaceous nutlets. VY. hastata L. Sp. 20. Roughish-pubescent perennial: stems erect» strict, 3-7 feet high, usually branched above: leaves oblong-lanceolate to lanceolate, acute or acuminate, narrowed at base, serrate or incised-dentate with acute teeth, 3-6 inches long, the lower sometimes bastately 3-lobed at base, all petioled: spikes numerous, panicled, slender, 2-6 inches long: bracts ovate, acuminate, shorter than the calyx: corolla blue, its limb about 14 lines broad: fruit densely imbricated on the spikes, 1-1% lines high. In moist meadows, Oregon to Brit. Columbia and the Atlantic St’s. VY. prostrata R. Br. Ait. Kew. ed 2, iv, 41. Soft-villous to hirsute perennial: stems ascending or spreading, at length much branched from the base, 1-3 feet high: leaves obovate or oblong in ontline,coarsely toothed or incised, often 3-5-cieft or lobed, 1-2 inches long tapering at base into a margined petiole: spikes solitary or somewhat clustered, elongated, hirsute or villous: bracts subulate, shorter than the calyx: corolla violet or blue, 2 lines long. On plains and open places, southern Oregon to California. VY. bracteosa Michx. FI. ii, 18. Hirsute-pubescent perennial: stems much branched from the base, the branches decumbent or ascending, slender, 6-18 inches long: leaves ovate, oval or obovate in outline, pin- nately incised or pinnatifid, 1-3 inches long, more or less cuneate at base and narrowed into short petioles, the lobes mostly dentate: spikes sessile, stout, dense, becoming 4-6 inches long in fruit: bracts conspicuous, linear- lanceolate, rather rigid, longer than the flowers and fruits the lower ones often incised: corolla purplish-blue, about 2 lines long. On sandy plains and waste places, Brit. Columbia to California and Illinois. —_——- PLANTAGO PLANTAGINACE® 561 Orper LXXITIT PLANTAGINACE Lindl. Nat. Syst 267. Annual or perennial herbs with mostly radical leaves and small flowers in bracted spikes or heads, or rarely solitary, on scapes or scape-like peduncles. Calyx inferior, 4-parted, per- sistent, the segments imbricated. Corolla scarious or mem- branaceous, mostly marcescent, 4-lobed. Stamens 4 or 2, filaments filiform: anthers versatile 2-celled, the cells dehiscent longitudinally. Ovary 1-2-celled or falsely 3-4-celled, with 1 to several peltate-amphitropous ovules in each cell. Style filiform, simple, mostly longitudinally stigmatic. Fruit a pyxis, circumscissile at or below the middle, or an indehiscent nutlet. Cotyledons but little broader than the radicle. 1 PLANTAGO Tourn. L. Sp. 112. Acaulescent or short-caulescent herbs with mostly radical par- allel-veined leaves and small white or greenish flowers in terminal spikes or heads. Calyx-segments equal, or 2 of them larger. Cerolla salverform, the tube cylindric, or constricted at the throat, the limb spreading in flower, spreading, erect or reflexe in fruit, 4-lobed or 4-parted. Stamens 4 or 2. Ovary 2-celled, or falsely 3—-4-celled. Fruit a membranaceous capsule. Seed-coat develop- ing copious mucilage when wetted. P. major L. Sp. 112. (Common Piaatain). Glabrous or more or less pubescent: rootstock perennial, short and thick, erect: leaves spreading or ascending, the blade mostly ovate, obtuse or acutish, entire or coarsely dentate, narrowed, rounded or cordate at base, 1-10 inches iong. on petioles often as long as the blade: scapes longer than the leaves: spikes linear- cylindric, usually very dense and blunt at the summit, 2-10 inches long: flowers perfect, proterogynous; sepals broadly ovate, scarious on the mar- gins, about half as long as the ovoid 5-16-seeded capsule. which is circum- scissile near the middle: corolla-lobes spreading on the summit of the capsule: anthers long-exserted on capillary filaments. Common in gardens and waysides. P. Asiatica L. Sp. 113. Leaves ovate or oval, several-ribbed, the base abruptly contracted into a distinct petiole, not fleshy: rootstock short and thick, perennial: scapes longer than the leaves: spikes 2-20 inches long, dense, Jinear-cylindrical: stamens 4, long-exserted: capsule: globose-ovoid, ci:cumscissile near the base and much within the calyx. Near the coast California to Alaska. P. eriopoda Torr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. ii, 237. Perennial: base of the leaves and scapes densely invested with long rusty brown wool: leaves broadly lanceolate, 4-6 inches long, 1-2 inches broad, attenuate at each end, acute, entire, smooth, distinctly 5-nerved, long-petioled: scapes 6-12 inches high, terete, very glabrous: spikes cylindrical, 3-6 inches long, of rather remote perfect flowers: bracts broadly ovate, obtusish: style and stamens long-exserted: capsule 2-celled, 4-5-seeded; seeds not hollowed. Eastern Washington to California and Colorado. P.. macrocarpa Cham. & Schl. Linn. i, 106. Leaves lanceolate, acute 5-7-nerved, 5-15 inches long, 4-18 lines wide gradually tapering below into long margined petioles, often some of the outer. ones linear and with a dilated base much broader than the blade: rootstock thick, perennial: scapes equalling or surpassing the leaves, densely woolly above: spikes 562 PLANTAGINACE® PLANTAGO oblong, dense, 1-2 inches long: bracts round-ovate or oval, flesh y-herbace- ous and scarious-margined: sepals similar to the bracts but almost wholly scarious: flowers perfect: corolla-lobes oval: stamens 4, exserted: capsule ovold-oblong, 3-4 lines long. 1-2-seeded: seeds narrowly oblong, flat or slightly concave on theface. Along the coast, Washington to Alaska. P. maritima L. Sp. 114. Leaves linear, fleshy, glabrous, very ob- scurely nerved, 2-10 inches long, 2-4 lines wide, entire or remotely few- toothed, sessile or narrowed into short margined petioles: rootstock rather slender, branched, perennial: scapes as long or longer than the teaves, more or less pubescent: spikes dense, linear-cylindrical, blunt, 1-5 inches long: bracts ovate, acuminate, as long as the perfect flowers: sepals ovate- lanceolate to nearly orbicular, green, somewhat keeled: corolla pubescent outside, its lobes spreading: capsule ovoid-oblong, obtuse, 2-4-seeded, circumscissile at about the middle, nearly twice as long as the calyx: seeds pened flat on the face. On rocky banks along the coast, California to Alaska. ; P. ranceouata L. Sp. 113. More or less pubescent: rootstock short with tufts of brown hairs at the base of the leaves, perennial or biennial : leaves narrowly lanceolate, mostly erect, entire, acute or acuminate, grad- ually narrowed into petioles, 3-5-ribbed, 2-12 inches long, 3-12 lines wide: scapes slender, channelled, 6-30 inches high: spikes very dense, at first short and ovoid, becoming cylindric, blunt, %-4 inches long in fruit: flowers perfect: sepals ovate, with a narrow green midrib and broad scari- ous marg ns, the 2 lower ones commonly united: corolla glabrous, its tube very short: stamens exserted: capsule oblong, very obtuse, 2-seeded, slightly longer than the calyx, circumscissile at about the middle: seeds deeply excavated on the face. Common in fields and waste places: intro- duced from Europe. : P. Purshii R. & S. Syst. iii, 120. P. Patagonica var. gnaphalioides Gray. White-woolly or silky pale green annual: leaves ascending, linear, acute or acuminate, narrowed into margined petioles, 1-%-nerved, 2-10 inches long,, entire or with afew small teeth: scapes 2-15 inches high: spikes very dense, hoary, cylindrical, obtuse, 1-6 inches long, very woolly: bracts rigid, equalling or slightly longer than the perfect flowers, linear- subulate: sepals oblong, obtuse, scarious-margined: corolla-lobes broadly ovate, spreading: stamens 4, just exserted from the tube or with long cap- illary filaments: capsule oblong, obtuse: seeds 2, light brown, oblong, convex on the back, deeply concave on the face. On dry plains, Oregon. to Brit. Columbia and Illinois. | nid tal P. spinulosa Decaisne in DC. Prodr. xiii, 713. P. Patagonica var. spinulosa Gray. A light to bright green glabrate to villous annual: leaves linear to linear-lanceolate, acuminate and involute at the apex callous- tipped, entire, narrowed to a margined sheathing petiole in which 3 ribs remain free, 3-6 inches long, 1-4 lines wide, 3-5 ribbed: scapes 2-8 inches high, pubescent: spikes cylindrical, 2-4 inzhes long, at length somewhat interrupted, pubescent: bracts rather rigid-herbaceous, 2 or more times as’ long as the perfect flowers, linear-subulate to aristate, acute: calyx-lobes pubescent, scarious, with light green midribs or the lower ones nearly herbaceous, spatulate-oblong, a line long: corolla-lobes strongly reflexed : stamens 4, and with the style just exserted from the tube or a little longer: capsule oval, circumscissile at the middle: seeds 2, dark brown, oblong, | finely pitted. Oregon to lower California and east to Texas and Dakota. P. aristata Michx. Fl..i, 95. P. Patagonica var. aristata Gray. A dark green villous to glabrate annual: leaves narrowly to broadly linear, acute or acuminate and callous-tipped, entire, narrowed below to margined petioles, 3-8 inches long, 1-3 lines wide, 3-5-nerved: scapes stout, 6-10 inches high, glabrous to pubescent: spikes in glabrate forms when young ‘PLANTAGO PLANTAGINACE 563 triangular, in villous forms top-shaped, cylindrical, 2-5 inches long: bracts aristate to foliaceous, often 10 times as long as the flowers, linear-subulate to linear, acute: flowers perfect : cal) x-lobes villous to glabrate herbaceous, spatulate-oblong: corolla-lobes spreading, round-ovate ‘stamens 4, barely exserted from the tube: capsule oblong, obtuse, circumscissile at about the middle: seeds 2, brown, oblong, finely pitted. In fields and plains, Ore- gon to the Eastern and Southern States. P. tetrantha E. L. Morris Bul). Torr. Bot. Club xxvii 119, A low green and purplish acaulescent glabrous to pubescent or villous annual: leaves linear, entire, 2-3 inches long, about a line wide, truncately callous- tipped, sessile and with a somewhat clasping base scapes 4-6 inches high : spikes oblong, 6-12 lines long, rather few-flowered: bracts scarious, with rigid callous-tipped apex, 44 as long as the calyx: flowers perfect: calyx pubescent, the ovate or oblong obtuse lobes with or without scarious mar- gins, 1-2 lines long: corolla-lobes rounded-ovate, obtuse, about 2 lines long, white with dark brown base, spreading or somewhat reflexed: stamens 4, long-exserted : capsule ovoid, 2 lines long, 2-seeded, circumscissile much below the middle: seeds dark brown, deeply channelled on the face. On dry hillsides near Grant’s Pass, Oregon to California. P. Bigelovii Gray Pacif. R. Rep. iv, 217. Mostly glabrous and green, annual: leaves linear, 144-4 inches long, rather fleshy obtuse, entire: scapes 4-6 inches high: spikes oblong or linear, densely few to many- flowered, about an inch long: bracts carinate, about an inch long: flowers perfect, calyx-lobes ovate, obtuse, about equalling the bracts: corolla-lobes ovate, remaining open: stamens 2, slightly exserted: capsule ovoid-oblong, one half longer than the calyx, 4-seeded: seeds oblong, not hollowed on the face. In brackish marshes along the coast, San Francisco Bay Cali- fornia to Vancouver Island. P. elongata Pursh Fl. 729. P. pusilla Nutt. Somewhat cinereous- puberulent annual: leaves linear-spatulate, 1-2 inches long, entire: scapes 1-6inches high : spikes 3-18 lines long, loosely flowered: flowers imperfectly dicecious or polygamous: bracts ovate, keeled, about a line long: sepals gblong, obtuse, about equalling the bracts, with broad scarious margins: orolla-lobes triangular-ovate, acute, becoming erect and closed over the capsule: stamens 2: capsule short-ovoid, a little longer than the calyx, circumscissile below the middle, 4-seeded: seeds elongated-oblong, dark brown. In wet places, Oregon to the Eastern States. Drvyiston III. APETALA, Floral envelopes consisting of a calyx only which is often petal-like or wholly wanting. Very rarely some petals present. SynopricAL Key To THE APETALOUS ORDERS A. Flowers not in aments. * Ovary superior, 1-celled and mostly 1-ovuled, or earpels distinct if more than one. 74 Nyetaginacewe Herbs with simple opposite leaves without stipules: 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 564 SYNOPTICAL KEY flowers inyolucrate: calyx corolla-like: fruitan achene, enclosed in the tube of the calyx and thus apparently inferior. Polygonacex Herbs or woody plants with alternate simple leaves with sheathing or on stipules: flowers perfect, on jointed pedicels, often involucrate: fruit a more or less triangular akene. Phytolaceacee Herbs or shrubs with alternate leaves: flowers per- fect, polygamous or moneecious: fruit a berry, or capsular or samaroid. Amaranthaeceze Herbs or low shrubs with alternate leaves: flowers with petal-like scarious persistent sepals and bracts: fruit a utricle: seed lenticular. Chenopodiacezw Herbs or shrubs with opposite or alternate simple leaves without stipules sometimes leafless: bracts herbaceous: flowers usually with herbaceous persistent sepals: fruit a utricle or achene. Lauracee Trees or shrubs with simple entire leaves without stipules: flowers perfect: fruit a drupe. Eleagnacex Shrubs or small trees with simple opposite leaves: flow- ers dicecious: fruit drupe-like, enclosed in the calyx-tube and thus apparently inferior. Ulmacewx Trees or shrubs with alternate stipulate leaves and small mostly monececious or polygamous flowers: fruit a drupe, samara or nut. Urticacee Herbs, rarely shrubs or trees with alternate or opposite mostly stipulate simple leaves: often armed with stinging hairs: flowers moncecious or dicecious: fruit an achene. * * -Ovary and fruit superior, of 2 or more carpels. Euphorbiacee Herbs or shrubs or trees with milky juice, mostly alternate leaves with or without stipules: flowers moncecious or diceci- ous: fruit usually a 3-celled 3-seeded capsule. Empetracee Low evergreen shrubs with simple leaves without stip- ules: flowers diecious or polygamous: fruit berry-like containing 1-several 1-seeded nutlete. * * * Ovary and fruit inferior. Aristolochiacex. Perennial herbs or shrubs with alternate entire pet- ioled leaves: flowers perfect with 3-lobed valvate calyx ; fruit a 6-celled many seeded capsule. Santalacew Perennial herbs or shrubs with alternate entire simple sessile leaves: flowers perfect, with 3-5-cleft calyx: fruit a 1-seeded nutlet or drupe. Loranthacee Parasitic perennial plants with jointed stems and op- posite entire leaves: flowers diccious: fruit a l-seeded drupe with glutinous pulp. B. Trees or shrubs with alternate leaves. Flowers monceci ous, at least the staminate in aments. * Flowers moneecious; staminate numerous, in aments; pistillate few, with naked ovary. 88 89 Fagacezw Trees orshrubs with entire or lobed leaves with caducous stipules: flowers moncecious in aments, fruit a cup like or closed and spiny involucre enclosing-several nuts. Corylacee Shrubs or small trees with simple leaves: flowers monee- cious, staminate in aments, pistillate few in separate scaly buds fruit a MIRABILIS NYCTAGINACE 4 565 1-seeded nut contained in a foliaceous tubular involuere. * * Flowers monecious or dicecious, all in aments: ovary superior. 90 Betulacex Trees or shrubs with simple leaves with distinct deciduous stipules: staminate flowers iu long aments; pistillate in shorter or head- like aments: fruit a many-seeded cone with thickened and rigid scales. 91 Myricacez Shrubs with simple leaves mostly without stipules: flowers moncecious or dicecious, without calyx: fruit small, often waxy-coated, drupelets. 92 Salicacex ‘Trees or shrubs with simple leaves with scaly and decidn- ous or foliaceous and persistent stipules: fruit many-seeded capsules. Orper LXXIV NYCTAGINACE Lindl. Nat. Syst. 231. Herbs, some tropical genera trees or shrubs with fragile stems and tumid joints, watery juice, entire petiolate mostly opposite leaves without stipules and perfect flowers in terminal or axillary clusters often subtended by an invol ucre. Calyx corolla-like, tu- bular to campanulate, the persistent base indurated and constric- ted over the ovary. Stamens few, hypogynous, with slender filaments and rounded 2-celled anthers. Ovary 1-celled, witha solitary campylotropous ovule. Style short or elongated. Stigma capitate. Fruit consisting of the hardened base of the calyx, enclosing the free achene. 1 Mirabilis Involucre 5-lobed, not changed in fruit stamens usualy 5: fruit not angled or winged. 2 Allionia Involucre calyx-like. deeply 5-lobed, 3-5 flowered: stamens 3-5: fruit with a double row of tubercles on the back surrounded by a winged margin, $ Abronia Involucre of 5 or more distinct bracts surrounding a many- flowered head: calyx salverform, including the stamens and style: fruit wing-angled. “1 MIRABILIS L. Perennial herbs with opposite leaves and showy flowers in in- volucrate terminal clusters. Involucre calyx-like, 5-cleft or 5- parted 1-12-flowered, not changed in fruit. Calyx corolla-like, tubular or more orless broadly funnelform with a spreading limb. Stamens usually 5, as long as the calyx: filaments united at base. Stigma capitate, granulate. Fruit globose to ovoid-oblong, smooth.obscurely or not at all ribbed or angled. M. Greenei Watson Proc, Am, Acad. xii, 263. Somewhat glandular- puberulent: stems very stout and branching 2-3 feet high: leaves rather thick ovate, acute, 2-3 inches long, attenuate toa short stout petiole: involucre ac- utely lobed, 1—14¢ inches long, 7-10-flowered: calyx dull red, or whitish nearly 2 inches long, funnelform: fruit ovate-oblong 3-4 lines long, usually abruptly contracted near the base, rather strongly 5-angled. On barren clayey hill- sides near the Klamath river in California, perhaps in Oregon farther east. 566 | NYCTAGINACE® ALLLONIA ABRONIA 2 ALLIONIA Leoefl. Inter. Hisp. 181 (1758.) Annual or perennial herbs with opposite equal leaves and rather small flowers, involucrate in loose terminal panicles. In- volucre 5-lobed, 3—5-flowered, becoming enlarged and reticulate- veined after flowering. Calyx campanulate, its tube constricted above the ovary, stamens 3-5, usualy 3, unequal, hypogynous. Fruit obovoid or clavate, strongly ribbed, pubescent in our species. - A. linearis Pursh Fl. 728. Oxybaphus angustifolia Sweet. Stems slender terete or somewhat 4-angled below glabrous and glaucous, 1-4 feet high, erect, the branches and pedunc!es sometimes puberulent: leaves thick, linear, 1-nerved, 1-3 inches long, 2-4 lines wide, obtuse or acute sessile, or the lower ones sometimes short-petioled: involucre about 3-flower- ed, green before flowering: calyx purple longer than the involucre: stamens and style exserted: fruit commonly roughened between the 5 prominent ribs. In dry soil ldaho to Nevada, Texas and Minnesota. 38 ABRONIA Juss. Gen. 448. (1774.) Annual or perennial herbs with thick opposite unequal leaves and rather small usually fragrant flowers on axillary and termi- nal peduncles. Involucre of 5-15 distinct somewhat. scarious bracts enclosing the numerous sessile flowers. Calyx salverform, the limb of 4 or 5 obcordate or emargiante lobes. Stamens usu- ally 5, unequal, included in the tube and adnate to it. Style included: stigma linear-clavate. Fruit coriaceous or indurated, 3-5-winged, mostly reticulate-veined enclosing asmooth cylindr- ical achene: embryo with only 1 cotyledon, the other rudimentary | ' or wanting. * Wings of the fruit coriaceous, not completely encircling the body, consisting of a single lamina: the body more or less woody. A. umbellata Lam. Ill, i, 469. A viscidly puberulent slender prostrate perennial, the stems often elongated, 1-3 feet long: leaves nearly*glabrous, ovate to narrowly oblong, 1-14 inches long obtuse, the margin often some- what sinuate, attenuate into a slender petiole: peduncle 2-6 inches long: in- volucral bracts small narrowly lanceolate 2-3 lines long, 10-15-flowered: calyx rose-colored: 6-8-lines long with emarginate lobes: fruit 4-5 lines long, nearly glabrous, the body oblong attenuate at each end, the thin wings near- ly as long, rounded, broadest above and often truncate, narrowing downward to the base of the fruit, On sands along the coast, Washington to California. A. mellifera Dougl. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 2879. Minutely viscid- glandular: stems stout, prostrate, 1-2 feet long from a stout perennial root: leaves mostly oblong, obtuse, the blade 1-2 inches long, abruptly and more or less obliquely contracted at base to a slender petiole often longer than the blade: peduncles stout, 4-8 inches long: involucral bracts usually 5, scarious, broadly lanceolate, acute or acuminate, 6 lines long or more, flowers pure white, about an inch long, the limb 4-5 lines in diameter; wings of the fruit narrow, often laterally elongated. On sandy banks along the Columbia river, eastern Oregon and Washington, ** Fruit wholly coriaceous and the central cavity extending through the wings. A. latifolia Eschschaltz Mem. Acad. Petersb. x, 281. Stems stout ae ABRONIA POLYGONACEE | 567 and fleshy, prostrate very viscid-pubescent 1-3 feet long, from a long fleshy perennial root: leaves chick, broadly ovate to reniform 6-18 lines !ong, obtuse, on short thick petioles: peduncles usually exceeding the leaves: bracts of the involucre 5, rounded to ovate or oblong 2-4 inches:long: flowers numer- ous 5-6 lines lung bright yellow, very fragrant, the lobes emarginate: fruit 4-6 lines long, coriaceous, acute at each end, the wings more or less unequally developed, usually narrow. On sand-banks along the coast, Vancouver Island to California, A. fragrans Nutt. Hook. Kew Journ. Bot. v, 261. More or less vis- cid-puberulent: stems several, from a perennial root, herbaceous, 6-20 inches high, erect or ascending, usually much branched: leaves oblong or ovate, 1-3 inches long, truncate, more or less cuneate at base, obtuse to acute: peduncles mostly solitary: bracts of the involucre large, broadly ovate, white and scari- ous 4-9 lines long: flowers white, very numerous in the involucres, 5-10 lines long, opening at night: fruit 3-6 lines long, coriaceous, with narrow undulate wings which do not close over the ovary; In dry soil eastern Washington to Iowa. OrpeER LXXV POLYGONACEZ Lindl, Nat. Syst. 211. Herbs shrubs or trees with jointed stems, watery, often acid or acrid, juice, alternate, opposite or whorled simple mostly en- tire leaves with sheathing united stipules and regular perfect, dicecious, moncecious or polygamous flowers. Calyx free from the ovary, 2-6-cleft or 2—6-parted, the segments or sepals more or less imbricated, often petal-like stamens 2~9, inserted near the base of the calyx, or in staminate flowers crowded toward the center. Ovary superior, 1-celled, with'a solitary erect or pendulous orthotropous ovule. Style 2-3-cleft or 2-4-parted, sometimes very short stigma, capitate or tufted, rarely 2-cleft. Fruit a lenticular 3-angled or rarely 4-angled achene, usually invested by the persistent calyx. Hinbeye straight or curved in mealy albumen. TRIBE 1 Herbs or somewhat shrubby plants. Flowers involucrate. 1 Eriogonum Involucre several-flowered with 4-8, pointless teeth : flow- - ers exserted: stamens 9: achenes mostly 3-angled. ‘2 Oxytheca Involucre few-flowered, herbaceous, with 3-5 straight acute or awned lobes: flowers on exserted pedicels, pubescent: stamens 9: achenes lenticular. 3 Chorizanthe Involucre 1-3-flowered, coriaceous or chartaceous, 3-6 angled, with 3-6 cuspidate often hooked teeth and sometimes as many cuspidate divaricate spurs at base: flowers usually included: stamens 3, 6 or 9: achenes 3-angled. 4 Pterostegia Slender annuals with opposite toothed or_lobed leaves: involucre bract-like, with a solitary included flower. TRIBE 11 Herbs with alternate leaves and scarious sheathing stipules. Flowers not involucrate. 5 Polygonum Sepals 4-6, equal, appressed to the triangular or lenticu- lar achene: styles 2 or 3: stigmas capitate. 568 POLYGONACEZX ERIOGONUM 6 Rumex Sepals6, the outer spreading, the inner enlarged and appress- ed to the triangular achene: stigmas 3, tufted. 7? Oxyria Sepals 4, thejouter smaller and spreading: stigmas 2, tufted: achenes orbicular, winged. Tribe 1 Eriogonex Meisner Pl. Vas. Gen. 229, as Order. Herbs or shrubby plants with alternate or verticillate leaves without stipules. Flowers involucrate, 3-6-parted or 3-6-lobed. Stamens 9. Styles 3, with capitate stigmas. Juice nea rly tasteless. 1 ERIOGONUM Michx. Fl. 1246. (1803.) Annual or perennial acaulescent or leafy- stemmed herbs or shrubs with entire alternate opposite or whorled leaves and small, perfect flowers on jointed pedicels subtended by an involucre in panicles racemes heads or umbels. Involucre campanulate top-shaped or almost cylindrical, 5-8- toothed or 5-8 cleft, the teeth pointless. Calyx*5-cleft or 5-parted, usually colored, the segments equal or the outer ones larger. Stamens 9, with filiform filaments and oblong anther. Style 3-parted, stigmas capitate. Fruita3-angled pyramidal achene invested by the calyx-segments, or winged. § 1 Involucre not nerved or angled, 4—-8-toothed or lobed, more or less broadly turbinate: bracts foliaceous, indefinite in number. * Perennials, more or less tomentose or rarely glabrous, with pedun- cles naked and scape-like, or verticillate-bracteate in the middle: bracts mostly conspicuous: involucres 5-8-toothed or 5-8-cleft, in a simple or_ compound umbel or solitary: flowers mostly attenuate toa stipe-like — base: achenes glabrous or nearly so. E. flavum Nutt. Fras. Cat. (1813.) White-tomentose throughout: stems very short and thick, simplejand solitary to tufted and creeping, woody: scapes 2-12 inches high: leaves ‘crowded on the short stems. linear-oblong to lanceolate, ,1-3 inches longjnarrowed into petioles with dilated and imbr- icated base inflorescence regularly umbellate: involucre top-shaped, 2-246 lines Jong: bracts spatulate, foliaceous: calyx yeliow 8 lines high, top-shaped, very villous, the segments obovate: stamens and_style-branches exserted achenes constrictedjat the middle, 2 lines long, villous at the summit the angles undulate, the faces swollen, Dry plains eastern Washington to Arizona and Nebraska. E. Piperi Greene. ‘‘ Densely tufted on a stout woody caudex: stems erect, leafless tomentose, 5-10 inches tall: leaves all basal, lanceolate or oblanceolate, acute or obtuse, densely hairy beneath, green and less hairy above, 1-2 inches long, attenuate into a usually shorter petiole: umbels several-rayed, simple, or contracted into a dense cluster: bracts 3-8, oblan- ceolate, 1-114 inches long: involucre short-toothed, villous: flowers yellow , 2-3 lines long. Summit of Cedar Mountain, Washington. Hardly distinct fromsE.tflavum{Nutt..’”’ Piper & Kent in Palouse Flora, 50. E.“androsaceum™ Benth. Dwarf perennial: tomentose throughout or smoother above: caudex branching: leaves oblanceolate or spatulate, white- woolly beneath, glabrate above: scapes;2-3,inches high, simple: umbel simple or subcapitate, 4-7- rayed: rays ‘“shortgand slender: teeth of the involucre short, erect or nearly so:flowers sparingly villous, yellow, 2-3 lines long, short attenuate. On the high mountains of eastern Washington to Brit. Columbia . ERIOGONUM POLYGONACE A 569 E. pyrolefolium Hook. Kew Journ. Bot. v, 395, t. 10. Caudex short and thick, sparingly branched: leaves thick, glabrous, round-obovate to oblong, 3-9 lines broad, mostly abruptly attenuate into a short petiole, broad and villous at base: scapes smooth, 2-3 inches high, bearing a 2-bracteate umbel of 1-4 very shortly pedicellate sinuately-toothed nd villous involucres; flowers yellow, slightly villous at base, short-attenuate.On the high mountains Washington to California. Var. corypheum T. & G. More tomentose, with narrower leayes and smaller flowers. On the high peaks of the Cascade Mountains. E. thymoides Benth. A much branched undershrub 3-10 inches high: leaves linear to spatulate with revolute margins, 2-5 lines long, white- woolly: peduncles slender, 1-2 inches high, bearing a whorl of linear bracts below the middle and a solitary, several-flowered involucre at the summit: involucre 3-4 lines high deeply cleft, the lobes spreading or recurved at the tip: calyx attenuate and densely retrorse villous at base, 2-3 lines long, the segments glabrous above, pink to purplish, broad and rounded at the apex. In sterile rocky places on top of high hills, eastern Oregon and Washington. E. cespitosum Nutt. Journ. Acad. Philad. vii, 50, t. 8. A densely branehed undershrub: stems 2-4 inches long depressed or ascending, the branches usually crowded with leaves: leaves ovate-spatulate to oblong, 2-¢ lines long, densely white-woolly, crowded on the short branchlets: peduncles svape-like 1-3 inches long, slender naked: bearing a single several-flowered involucre: lobes of the involucre linear-oblong, as long as the turbinate tube, becoming reflexed: flowers yellow, often tinged with purple,pubescent, 143-2 lines long. the base stipe-like, the lobes oblong-oval. On dry ridges, south- eastern Oregon to Nevada. E. Douglasii Benth. in DC. Prodr. xiv, 9. Shrubby and rather loose- ly branched at base; 4-10 inches high: leaves spatulate to linear-lanceolate alternate below to a petiole white-tomentose below, pubescent above, 6-14 lines long; peduncles rather stout, 2-6 inches long, witha whorl of oblance- - olate leaves in the middle and a single many-flowered involucre: flowersjyel- low pubescent outside, about 3 lines long. In the Blue Mountains of Oregon to California. . . E. spherocephalum Doug]. Benth. 1. c. Shrubby and loosely bran- ched below, 6-10 inches high; leaves lanceolate to spatulate 6-14 lines long tapering below to a distinct petiole, often with revolute margins, densely white-woolly below, pubescent but green above; peduncles 2-6 inches Jong with a whorl! of lanceolate leaves usually above the middle and a single many- flowered involucre; outer flowers reflexed, thus forming a denseround head, yellow or tingediwith red or purple, pubescent outside, abort 3 lines long the oblong lobes longer than the stipe-like base. On barren idges, eastern Washington to California. E. tenue Small Bull. Torr. Bot. Club xxy. 41. Stems loosely bran- ching, 3-5 inches long, slender, shrubby’at base: leaves crowded at the ends of the branches, linear or nearly so, 6-12 lines long, the margins rev- olute, thinly tomentose: peduncles erect, 3-5 inches high, bearing a whorl of leaves in the middle and a single terminal involucre: lobes of the involucre linear oblanceolate, obtuse, shorter than the turbinate tube, spreading or reflexed : flowers pale}| yellow, glabrous, about. 5 lines. long narrowed below to a stipe-like base, its segments unequal, the outer ones oblong-obovate, notched at the apex, the inner ones spatulate, erose at the apex. In dry sterile; rocky places along tne Columbia river, eastern Oregon and Washington. E. umbellatum Torr. Ann Lyc. N. Y. 241 Stems depressed and 570 POLYGONACEZ ERIOGONUM shrubby below, much branched: leaves oblong- to obovate-spatulate, 1-2 inches long, on slender petioles, white-tomentose below, green and glab- rate above: peduncles 6-15 inches high, naked, bearing a simple umbel of 3-10 naked rays subtended by a whorl of leaves: involucres deeply lobed, the lobes shorter than the turbinate tube: flowers yellow or yellowish, 2-3 nee long, glabrous. Dry ridges, Oregon to California and the Rocky Mountains. 7 E. Tolmieanum Hook. Fl. 134. KE. umbellatum var. monocephalum T. & G. Branches short and depressed, shrubby below, densly cespitose : leaves ovate, 3 lines long, narrowed to short petioles, glabrate above: pedunc les 2-4 inches high, bearing a whorl of leaves above the middle and a single large globose head of one or more small involucres: flowers yellow, the base abruptly narrowed and stipiform. High mountains, Washington to California. E. montanum. Stems depressed and diffusely much branching, 6-10 inches long shrubby and rooting at the nodes: leaves obovate to oblong, often acute, short-petioled, 3-6 lines long, whiter tomentose beneath, green and glabrate above: peduncles 1-3 inches long, naked bearing a simple um- bel of 8-10 short naked’rays subtended by a whorl of leaves: involucres loosely woolly the linear lobes longer than the turbinate tube: flowers yellow, about 2 lines long, gradually attenuate to a stipe-Jike base, glabrous. On the highest peaks of the Cascade Mountains. E. eroceum Small Bull. Torr. Bot. Club xxv, 43. Shrubby and spreading below 4-12 inches long, the branches often tufted leaves cluster ed at the ends of the shoots, oval or orbicular- oval, 6-9 lines long obtuse tomentose or glabrate above, abruptly narrowed to a stout petiole shorter or longer tban the blade: peduncles erect, 4-8 inches high, usually naked except a bract near the middle, bearing a compound umbel subtended by a whorl of leaves: involucres thinly tomentose, the somewhat lanceolate ac- ute lobes longer than the broadly turbinate tube: flowers golden yellow, about 3 lines long, narrowed into a long stipe-like base. In the mountains of eastern Oregon and Idaho. E ternatum. Stems short and densely cespitose, woody, 1-2 inches long, densely leafy: leaves obovate to spatulate or oblong, obtuse, narrowed below to a short winged petiole, densely white.tomentose both sides when young, becoming green and glabrous above, 6-10 lines long: scapes 4-12 inches high, densely floccose with white wool when young, becoming glabr rate in age, bearing a 4-rayed umbel subtended by a whorl of linear bracts otherwise naked: central ray short, with a single naked involucre, the other 3 longer, with 1-3 involucres subtended by linear bracts: involucres some- what funnelform, about 6 lines high, tomentose, few-flowered, the short erect teeth less than a line long: sepals yellow, a line long, oval to obovate. On gravelly bars along streams near Waldo, southern Oregon. E. stellatum Benth. Tans, Linn. Soc. xvii, 409. More or less tomen- tose: stems diffuse and leafy :leaves ovate-spatulate to oblanceolate: pedu- ncle naked, 6-12 inches high, bearing an umbel of 2-4 mostly elongated rays which are usually aut often repeatedly divided in a cymose manner, the nodes and lateral rays all leafy-bracted: flowers yellow, about 3 lines long» the base attennate and stipe-like. In the mountains, Oregon to alifornia, Var. bahieforme Watson Proc. Am. -cad. xii, 257. Leaves most- ly small, often densely tomentose both sides: umbel very compound. With the type. E. heracleoides Nutt. Stems short and woody at base: leaves narrowly oblanceolate with revolute margins densely tomentose beneath somewhat ERIOGONUM POLYGONACE 4 571 glabrate above: peduncles stout 6-12 inches high with a whorl of leaves near the middle umbel 1-11-rayed, sometimes simple, usually with some or all of the rays once or rarely twice divided: flowers yellow or whitish, eae: about 3 lines long. On dry plains, eastern Washington to Nevada and Utah. -E. compositum Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc .xvii. 409. Stems decumbent or ascending, 4-10 inches long, somewhat woody : leaves oblong-ovate, acute or acutish, 1-3 inches long, cordate at base on petioles 2-8 inches long, den- sely white-tomentose beneath, green and flocculent above: peduncles stout, naked ,6-18 inches high, nearly glabrous: umbel of 6-10 more or less elonga- ted rays, each bearing a short several-ravyed umbellet, subtended by whorls of linear-oblanceolate leaflets: flowers yellow to whitish or rose-color, 2-4 lines long, the stipe-like base short. On rocky banks, Brit. Columbia to California and Idaho. , * * Densely tomentose perennials with naked pe luncles: involucres with 5 short erect teeth: flowers small abruptly narrowed at base, pubescent: achenes densely villous. E. acaule Nutt. T ¢ G. Proc. Am. Acad. viii, 163.. White-tomentose and matted cespitose: leaves densely crowded upon the closely branched caudex, oblong to linear with revolute margins, sessile, 2-3 lines long, spreading from the imbricated base: involucres in heads of 1-5, among the uppermost leaves, nearly sessile short, 3-5-toothed: flowers with broad sessile base, hardly 2 lines long, the oblong segments equal: filamemts pilose at base: ovary very tomentose with long wool. Sandy hills, Idabo to the Rocky Mountains. E. minimum Small Bull. Torr. Bot. Club xxv, 47. Gray-canescent: branches densely tufted, about 6 lines long: leaves densely imbricated and crowded, the persistent ones of previous years black, the fresh ones gray, spatulate, or almost terete by the strongly revolute margins, obtuse, dilat- ed at base: peduncles erect, 1-3 lines high, simple: involucres solitary , turbinate-campanulate a little more than a line high: flowers 1-2 lines long, the segments unequal, the 3 outer oval, the 3 inner obovate, all obtuse: filaments villous at base. At high elevations in the Cascade Mountains of Washington. E. pendulum Watson Proc. Am. Acad. xxiii, 265. White-tomentose throughout: stems woody at base 1-2 feet high profusely branched: leaves scattered, oblong-oblanceolate, 1-3 inches long, obtuse, subglabrate above : inflorescence several times di-or trichotomous upon naked peduncles: pedi- cels mostly elongated and naked: involucres at first nodding, campanulate, about 2 lines long, its deltoid teeth erect: flowers very small,densely tom- entose, slightly exserted. On dry rocky plains, eastern base of the Coast ‘Mountains near Waldo, Oregon. § 2 Involucres campanulate or short turbinate, not angled or nerved, with 5 rounded erect teeth, pedunculate in diffuse repeat- edly di- or trichotomous panicles: bracts not foliaceous, all tern- ate, small, mostly trianglar and rigid: flowers not alternate at base: ovary glabrous. * Annuals: leaves all radical or nearly so: involucres flowers and achenes small. E. cernuum Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. Ser. 2, 1162. Stem very short: scape erect, usually much branched. 6 12 inches high: leaves orbicular or oblong-orbicular, less than an inch long obtuse or slightly apiculate, flat. floccose-tomentose, especially beneath, petioled: inflorescence paniculate: inyolucres campanulate, slightly more than halfa line high solitary on 572 POLYGONACE ERIOGONUM slender dcflexed pedicels an inch long or less, 5-cleft to near the middle: flowers whitish, campanulate, half a line long, fiddle-shape. On dry plains, eastern Oregon to Nebraska and New Mexico. * * Annuals, branching from the base, with leaves developed at | the nodes in the axils of ordinary triangular bracts: flowers minutely glandular. E. angulosum Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. xvii, 406, t. 18. Floccose- woolly, or at length glabrate: stem erect, 4-12 inches high, leafy, branech- ing into a repeatedly di-or trichotomous panicle; the branches acutely 4-6 angled: radical leaves spatulate or rounded, the cauline oblong-linear to lanceolate: pedicels 6-12 lines long, widely spreading: involucres short- campanulate or hemispherical, minutely glandular or almost smooth, soli- tary, many-flowered, 5-toothed becoming dilated in fruit: flowers very obtuse at base, a line long, on short pedicels, rose-color or white, deeply 5-parted, the outer segments ovate, the inner at length longer, lanceolate-oblong. Eastern Oregon to California and Utah. * * * Tall stout white-tomentose annuals, with leafy simple stems, naked above : inflorescence cymose : involucres turbinate-campanulate, _ shortly pedicelled : flowers white, nearly glabrous: sepals very unequal. E. annuum Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soe. Ser. 2. v, 164. Flowers tomentose throughout: stem 1-3 feet high, leafy below: leaves oblong-lanc- eolate or oblanceolate, narrowed at base to a petiole, the margins somewhat revolute or crisped: involucres turbinate 1-1}¢ lines long secund, erect, 5 toothed : calyx 44-1 line long, the segments obovate. On dry plains Idaho to Nebraska and Texas. My | § 3 Involucres cylindric-turbinate, moré or less strongly 5-6 nerved, often becoming costate or angled, with as. many short erect teeth, mostly sessile in heads or clusters, scattered in cymes or along virgate panicled branches, always erect, 1-3 lines long: bracts ternate, connate at base, usually short, acute and more or less rigid: flowers not attenuate at base : achenes usually glabrous. * Cespitose densely tomentose perennials with short closely branch- ed caudex: involucres a single head or short cymose umbel on the. naked peduncle: outer sepals broad and somewhat cordate, the inner much narrower: ovary scabrous above. E. ovalifolium Nutt. Journ. Philad. Acad. vii, 50, t. 8. Densely white-tomentose and silvery: stems very short and deprcssed-cespitose, perennia:; leaves broadly oval or oblong, the blade 3-10 lines long, acutish, abruptly narrowed to a long slender petiole, crowded upon the numerous short branches: scapes 3-9 inches high simple, naked, bearing a single head of 3-8 closely sessile 5-8 toothed involucres: calyx very glabrous, yellow or rose-color, becoming thin and scarious, after flowering, the segments very unequal, the outer very broadly oval, cordate at base: the inner spatulate, emarginate. On dry hillsides, eastern{Brit. Columbia to California and »the Rocky Mountains. \ Var. proliferuam Watson Proc. Am. Acad. xii, 63. Larger than the type, the involucres loosely cymose-umbellate. With the type. E. vineum. Small Bull. Torr. Bot. Club xxv, 45. Closely white-tomen- tose up to the inflorescence: perennial from a stout tap-root: stems branch- ing, the branches tufted, clothed with the persistent leaf bases: leaves crowded, the blades suborbicular or broadly oval, 3-5 lines long obtuse or rounded at the apex. abruptly narrowed or truncate at base: on petiol es often as long as the blade: scapes erect, 1-4 inches long, simple: involucre s a EES POLYGONACEA! 573 4-6, in terminal heads, 3-4 lines high, angled, contracted, near the top: flowers wine-red, at length 3-lines long: its segments very unequal, the rs anes ovate with cordate base; the inner spatulate. Eastern Oregon to alifornia. -E. dichotomum Dougl. Benth. in DC. Prodr. xiv, 14. Densely white- tomentose below: stems short but somewhat diffuse and depressed, leafy: leaves oblong or oblanceolate. acute at each end, an inch or two long, on slender pane peduncles rather short 6-18 inches high, bearing a 3-rayed um bel :he somewhat erect rays sparingly di- or trichotomous: involucre usually solitary tomentose, about 3 lines long, strongly teothed: flowers white to rose-red 144-2 lines long, the outer segments broadly elliptical, the inner linear-spatulate. On dry rocky hills eastern Washington to California. | ‘E. niveum Dougl. Densely white-tomentose below: stems rather few; short and depressed: leaves oblong 6-12 lines long, petioled: scapes 4-10 inches high, bearing a 3-rayed umbel: involucres usually solitary, tomento- se, about 2 lines high, with some or all of the teeth produced and often recurved: flowers white or rose color, its outer segments round-oval, the inner obovate-spatulate. On dry rocky hillsides, eastern Oregon and Wasbington to Idaho. * * Flowers uarrower at tase, the sepals similar and nearly equal : achenes smooth or nearly so. + Perennials with short branched caudex, naked peduncles and capitate involucres. ++ Densely white-tomentose, dwarf and cespitose, alpine or subal- pine: heads solitary. ; E, pauciflorum Pursh Fl. 735. Stems very short, loosely tufted, cov- ered with the dilated bases of the petioles: leaves linear or linear-spatulate, 1-3 inches long, with revolute margins, glabrous, or sparingly pubescent above, white-tomentose or cottony beneath, narrowed into slender petioles: peduncles 2-6 inches high: involucres 4-10, in a capitate cluster, 5- toothed, the teeth obtuse, more or less reflexed: flower white, campanulate, 1% lines long, its segments ovate. On dry plains, eastern Oregon to Neb E. multiceps Nees Max. Reis. N. A. ii, 446. Stems short, tufted, much branched, sometimes several inches long: leaves spatulate 6-20 lines long, numerous, obtuse at the apex. narrowed below into petioles: pe unc- les 1-5 inches high: involucres 3-12, in a capitate cluster, sessile, 114 lines long, 5-6 toothed, the teeth acute: flowers white or rose-color, 144-2 Jines long, campanulate, somewhat villous, the segments cuneate, obtuse or emarginate. On dry plains, Idaho to Nebraska. ++ ++ Peduncles mosily tall and stout, from a sparingly branched caudex : heads solitary or few, in a long-jointed subumbellate cyme. E. nudum Dougl. Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. xvii, 413. ? Stems short and loosely branched 1-2 inches long: leaves ovate or oblong-ovate, the blade 1-3 inches long, obtuse or acutish at the apex, rounded, truncate or cordate at base, green and glabrate above, densely white-tomentose be- neath, on petioles 2-6 inches long: peduncles rather slender 1-2 feet high, somewhat tomentose: inflorescence a compound umbel: involucres tomen- tose, campanulate about 2 lines long its triangular teeth erect: flowers yel- low to reddish, glabrous about 144 lines long, its segments elliptical, round. ed at the apex. On dry hillsides, southwestern Oregon to California. EK. elatum. Dougl. Acaulescent: leaves all ina rosulate tuft, ovate-ob long or sublanceolate, narrowed into petioles, rarely subhastate or subco date at base, the margins usually undulate, green and glabrate above ver softly villous-pubescent, or almost velvety beneath, on long slender pet 574 POLYGONACEZ ERIOGONUM oles: peduncles 1-4 feet high, rigid and rush-like: inflorescence a very dif- fuse panicle: involucres glabrate, or glabrous, few, cylindrical or turbin- - ate-campanulate, repandly 5-toothed many-flowered, gathered in heads or clusters, sometimes only in pairs, or solitary in the forks: flowers white or rose-color a little hairy at base the segments ovate-oblong, nearly equal. ‘On barren rocky places, eastern Washington to California. + + Leaves not fascicled : bracts small very rarely foliaceous below : involucres mostly solitary in a repeatedly di- or trichotomous corymb- like cyme. ++ Perennials, woody and diffusely much branched, leafy below. E. microthecum Nutt. Jour. Acad. Phila. ser. 2,i, 172. More or less floccose-tomentose throughout: stems erect or ascending, branching, especially from the base, 6-12 inches high: leaves oblong or oblanceolate, obtuse at the apex, narrowed into short petioles, 6-12 lines long, the upper bract-like: inflorescence compoundly cymose: involucres turbinate 144 lines long: flowers yellow, pink or white, campanulate, at length constrict- ed near the middle. Eastern Washington to California and Nebraska. E. corymbosum Benth. in DC. Prodr. xiv, 17. Densely floccose-to- mentose throughout: stems erect, branched 6-12 inches high : leaves oblong, obtuse at the apex, narrowed at base, petioled, 6-18 lines long, their margins more or less crisp: inflorescence compoundly cymose : involucres short-cam- panulate, 5-toothed, about 114 lines long, the teeth subacute flowers broadly campanulate, 1-114 lines long, constricted near the middle, the segments fiddle-shaped, emarginate, the 3 inner ones shorter than the outer ones. Eastern Washington to Nevada and Kansas. ++ ++ Perennial: less woody and more shortly branched at base: leaves mostly narrow: sepals nearly equal. E. campanulatum Nutt. 1. c. 163. Stems short, thick and woody more or less tomentose: leaves crowded, narrowly oblanceolate, spatulate or nearly linear, 1-3 inches long, obtuse at the apex, narrowed into long petioles, white-tomentose on both sides, the margins sometimes revolute: peduncles erect or nearly so, glabrous, 4-12 inches high: inflorescences com- poundly cymose: involucres oblong-turbinate, about a line long, with 5 obtuse teeth: flowers yellow, ovoid-campanulate, about a line long, the segments oblong or fiddle-shaped, emarginate. Eastern Oregon to Nebraska + + + Involucres sessile and solitary along the ascending and usually long-virgate branches of the open naked panicle: flowers glabrous. . ++ White-tomentose perennials, leafy below: panicles sparingly branched, usually virgate: involucres tomentose, the teeth not margined. E. strictum Benth. Branches very short: leaves small, ovate to oblan- ceolate, on long slender petioles: peduncles very slender, glabrate above: anicle twice or thrice divided, with 1-3 involucres on the short branches: involucres glabrate, 144 lines long: flowers white to rose-color, 134 lines long. In the Blue Mountains of Giegbt: ++ ++ Annuals: leaves usually rosulate at the base, sometimes occuring at the nodes. E. yvirgatum Benth. in DC. Prodr. xiv, 16. Usually white-tomentose throughout: leaves oblong, an inch long, on slender petioles: peduncles simple, or with a few erect virgate branches, 1-2 feet high: involucres re- mote, 2lines long, tomentose, the 5 teeth very short: flowers a line long rose-color to white or yellow, glabrous, outer segments broadly ovate, cuneately narrowed at base, the inner about as long, spatulate-oblong. in ~~ —— — Pe a et ay ay ae Moe OXYTHECA POLYGONACE 575 CHORIZANTHE ’ gravelly bars along rivers Southern Oregon to California. E. vimineum Doug]. Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. xvii, 416. Leaves orbicular to broadly ovate, 3-10 lines broad, the margins often undulate, loosely floccose-woolly above, densely white-tomentose beneath, on slender petioles about as long as the blade: peduncles usually diffusely and repeat- edly branching from near the base, 6-20 inches high: involucres narrow and rather prismatic, 1% lines long, the teeth very short: flowers rose- color or yellowish, abouta line long, outer segments obovate, the inner only half as broad. On dry plains, Brit. Columbia to California east of the Cascade Mountains. E. Baileyi Watson Proc. Am. Acad. x, 348. Leaves orbicular to broadly ovate, 3-6 lines broad, white-tomentose both sides, petioled: pe- duncles diffusely branched 6-12 inches high, wholly glabrous: involucres narrow, a line or less long, open at the throat, the teeth obtuse: flowers pinkish-white, less thana line long. Dry plains eastern Washington to Nevada and California. 2 OXYTHECA Nutt. Pl. Gambl. 169. Slender repeatedly dichotomously branched annuals with the leaves all in arosulate tuft and small involucrate flowers. Involu- cres few-flowered, more or less pedicellate, gampanulate or turbin- ate, herbaceous and not reticulated, 3—5-cleft, the erect or spreading lobes mostly terminated by straight slender awns. Flowers perfect ; calyx 6-parted, colored, enclosing the achene: the more or less ex- serted pedicels intermixed with bracts or bractlets. Achene, so far as known, ovate-lenticular, the elongated radical accumbent upon the rounded cotyledons. 7 0. dendroidea Nutt. 1. c. Leaves linear-oblanceolate, hirsute, 6-18 lines long acute: scape-like stem usually 6-12 inches high very slender dif- fuse and much branched from near the base, or stouter and less branched: bracts unequal, without awns, linear-oblong to linear, or oblong-ovate in the stouter iorms, the lower half-inch long or less, the upper much smaller, all moreor less united at base: involucres turbinate, 1-3 lines long, un- equally 3-4-lobed, rather fleshy, acutely awned, those in the forks on slender pedicels 1-4 lines long, the others mi@re nearly sessile flowers light rose-color, half a:line long, outer segments obovate, the inner narrower = eae On dry hillsides, southeastern Oregon to Wyoming and evada. | 3 CHORIZANTHE R. Br. Low dichotomously branched plants with the leaves mostly in a rosulate radical tuft, and small flowers in small involucrate heads. Involucres tubular or funnelform, sessile, 2—6-angled or costate, and 2—6-toothed or cleft, the divisions more or less divari- cate and terminating in cusps or rigid, often uncinate, awns. Flowers 1-3 in the involucre more or less exserted. Calyx 6-parted or 6-cleft. Stamens 3, or 2,inserted on the baseor more or less ad- nate to the tube of the calyx, rarely on its throat. Styles linear, with capitate stigmas. Achenes triangular beaked. Embryo with inflexed or straight radicle. Ours all annuals. C. membranacea Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. xvii, 416, t. 17. Lanosely pubescent when young, glabrate in age: stems erect, 6-18 inches high, sparingly branched above; radical and-lower cauline leaves linear, obtuse, 576 ‘POLYGONACEE PTEROSTEGIA POLYGONUM forming irregular whorls at the lower joints: involucres in the lower axils few, without scarious margins, the upper in condensed capitate heads, with equal broadly expanded scarious winged divisions, reflexed, rotate and tipped with a slender uncinate awn, the tube ribbed and protuberant below flowers 2-3, one with long pedicel partly exserted, the others undeveloped : flowers short tubular, hairy outside, the segments oblong, equal: stamens. at the base. On rocky foothills southern Oregon to California. C. Watsoni T. & G. Proc. Am. Acad. viii, 199. Canescently pubescent -throughout: stem erect or ascending, 1-4 inches long, branching from the base: radical leaves narrowly oblanceolate to spatulate, 6-10 lines long, narrowed to a petiole with dilated base, the margins revolute, densely tomentose beneath; lower cauline similar, but smaller and uncinately awned, passing above into opposite uncinate-tipped bracts: involucres clustered on the upper branches, narrow, inconspicuously costate, unequ- ally 5-lobed, one 3-4 times as long as the others, all uncinate tipped: flowers solitary, slender-pedicelled, included or partly exserted, the seg- nents oblong, acute, pubescent outside: stamens inserted on the throat of the calyx: achenes oblong-triangular. On desert districts, southeastern Oregon to Nevada and California. 4 PTEROSTEGIA-F. & M. Ind. Sem. Petr. ii, 48. Very slender and weak diffusely and dichotomously branched annuals with opposite entire or 2-lobed leaves and small flowers solitary in foliaceous sessile involucres in the forks of the bran- ches. Involucre of a single bract, subtending and shorter than the sessile flower, rounded and more or less 2-lobed, at length be- coming enlarged, scarious and reticulated, loosely enveloping the achene, and gibbously 2-saccate on the back. Calyx 5—6-parted, the segments equal. Stamens inserted at the base of the seg- ments, as many or fewer. Achene triangular, glabrous. Cotyle- dons rounded, accumbent upon the radicle. | P. drymarioides F. & M. 1. c. Sparingly hirsute: stems decumbent. often 1-2 feet long: lower leaves Liege 2-6 lines broad, fan-shaped, 2- lobed, the lobes crenately toothed or again lobed; upper leaves obovate to spatulate, entire or toothed: bracts similar, a line long: involucres very small, becoming 1-14 lines long in fruit, somewhat 2-lobed, the margins toothed or laciniate: flowers yellowish the segments: oblong-lanceolate. Hillsides and dry places, from the Colux:bia river to Lower California. Tribe 2 Polygonacee Endl. Gen. 301. Herbs with alternate leaves and scarious sheathing stipules. Flowers without involucre. 3-6-parted. Stamens mostly 4-8. Styles 2 or 3. Juice usually pungent, acrid or acid. 5 POLYGONUM L. Sp. 389. Annual or perennial plants with jointed stems, alternate leaves scarious sheathing stipules, called ocree, and small normally perfect flowers in spikes, racemes or panicles. Calyx 4-6-parted, or 4-6-cleft, the outer sepals or segments somewhat longer than the inner. Stamens 3-9, included or exserted ; filaments filiform, er dilated at base, glabrous. Style 2-3-cleft or 2-3-parted, with capitate stigmas. Achenes lenticular or 3-angled, rarely 4-angled, invested by or exceeding the persistent calyx. _Embryo near the PE a a ae Oe POLYGONUM POLYGONACEZ 577 end of the seed in one of its angles, Cotyledons foliaceous, slen- der, accumbent or incumbent. Supcenus 1 Brsrorta Meisn. Polygon. 50. Perennial by a bulb-like creeping or horizontal rootstock. Leaves radical and cauline: ocreae membranaceous, cylindrical, naked, open, oblique at the summit. Inflorescence a single terminal spicate raceme. Flowers subtended by usually toothed bract-like ocreolae. Calyx 5-parted. Stamens 8. Style 3-cleft. Achenes 3-angled. Coty- ledons accumbent. V. bistortoides Pursh Fl. 271. Glabrous or sometimes with a fine hispidulous pubescence on the under surface of the leaves, more or less glaucous throughout: stems erect or assurgent, 10-25 inches long, slender, simple: radical leaves oblong to oblong-lanceolate, 5-10 inches long, 3-18 lines broad, attenuate at base to a petiole 1-10 inches long, the midrib rather broad. and conspicuous on both sides; cauline leaves mostly lan- ceolate, sessile or nearly so, subcordate, arising from near the summit of the ocreae, all often with revolute margins and conspicuously nerved: ocreae entire or somewhat broken about the oblique open summit, closely clasping the stem: raceme oblong, 6-30 lines long, densely flowered, not bulblet-bearing below: calyx about 2 lines long, light rose to white, 5-part- ed, the segments oblong, faintly nerved. Subalpine and alpine parts of the Cascade and Rocky Mountains, California to the Arctic regions. P.. viviparum L. Sp. 360. Glabrous and more or less glaucous except the under surface of the leaves: stems rather slender, erect, 6-18 inches high, simple: radical leaves ovate or oblong and subcordate to linear-lan- ceolate and attenuate at base, the blade 1-3 inches long, on petioles as long or longer; cauline leaves lanceolate to linear: ocreae 14-3 inches long, slightly enlarged at the obliquely opened summit: raceme narrowly cylin- dric, 1-3 inches long, rather densely flowered above, bearing.a number of ovoid-conic bulblets at base: calyx about a line long, rose-color to white, 3-parted to near the base, the ovate or obovate segments 3-nerved. South- ern Oregon to Alaska and the Atlantic States. SuBGENus 11 AconoGoNnon Meisn. Monogr. 53. Perennial by amore or less elongated creeping or horizontal rootstock. Leaves somewhat fleshy or coriaceous. Ocreae funnelform, membrana- ceous, oblique, naked, . Inflorescence consisting of terminal clus- ters, racemes or paniculate racemes: flowers subtended by ocreolae. Calyx 5-parted. Stamens 8. Style 5-cleft. Achenes triangular. Cotyledons accumbent. Pr. coe hit Allioni Fl. Pedim. ii, 206, t. 68. Bright green and glab- rous or slightly pubescent throughout: stems stout, erect, 3-6 feet high, channeled, more or less branched: leaves lanceolate, 1-9 inches long, acute or acuminate, mostly tapering at base into short petioles, coriaceous: ocreae funnelform, 6-18 lines long, oblique and 2-cleft, the segments acute mostly glabrous, large and loose, brittle and early falling away : inflores- cence consisting of compound or paniculate loosely-flowered racemes 1-2 inches long: ocreolae funnelform, oblique and shallow: calyx greenish or whitish, 1-1% lines long, 5-parted to near the base the segments obovate or oblong, rounded. In wet places, alpine and subalpine, Washington to California and Idaho. : War. foliosum Small Bull. Torr Bot. Club xix, 360. Pubescent throughout: stems stout, sparingly branched, hispid, : leaves ovate-lanceo- 578 POLYGONACE 4 POLYGONUM late, acute, petioled, more or less tomentose beneath, ciliate, numerous near the ends of the branches: ocreae funnelform, loose,-hispid: flowers fewer: achenes broad!y oblong. On the high mountains of Washington. Var. Alaskanum Small Monogr. Polyg. 33. Stem stout, arising from a large rootstock, erect, 20-36 inches high, fleshy above: leaves ovate- lanceolate, 4-10 inches long, acuminate, obtuse or cordate at base, thin, pubescent both sides, or sometimes glabrous, ciliate, undulate, much crisped, on petioles 6-30 lines long: ocreae funnelform, 1-2 inches long, thin, pirate more or less hispid. On the high mountains of Washington to Alaska. P. phytolaccefolium Meisn. Small Bull. Torr. Bot. Club xix, 360. Herbage glabrous or very sparingly pubescent with slender hairs, light green, turning dark in drying: stems erect, 16-30 inches high, somewhat branched, channeled: leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 1-7 inches long, acute or acuminate, thin, undulate and somewhat crisped, sometimes coriaceous: ocreae 6-12 lines long, more or less pubescent, brittle, early falling away: inflorescence consisting of axillary and terminal or panicled _ few loosely-flowered racemes: calyx white or pinkish. about a line long, not much enlarged in fruit, 5-parted to below the middle, the segments obovate, 2 of them often much smaller than the others. In the mountains of Washington, Oregon and California. , P. Newberryi Small Bull. Torr. Bot. Club xxi, 170. Herbage dull green, more or less pabescent and scurfy throughout, or somewhat glab- rous: stems ascending or erect, 4-17 inches high, stout and more or less fleshy, simple or branched: leaves ovate to broadly oblong-ovate, one-half to 2 inches long, rather fleshy, truncate, obtuse or acute at base, short- petioled or the upper ones subsessile: ocreae funnelform, about a line long: flowers in few-flowered axillary racemes: calyx greenish, 1-2 lines long, 5-parted to near the base, its segments oblong or oblong-elliptic, the outer’ ones longer than the inner ones. Alpine and subalpine regions of Oregon and. Washington. P. Davisie Brewer Gray Proc. Am. Acad. viii, 399. Glabrous and glaucous or inconspicuously pubescent: stems usually slender, from an en-. larged and woody rootstock, erect or ascending, 2-17 inches long, flexuous striate, simple or sparingly branched above, leafy throughout: leaves from ovate to oblong or almost lanceolate, 1-4 inches long, obtuse or acutish, subcordate to ‘acuminate at base, undulate and ciliate: ocreae funnelform, 3-6 lines long, more or less oblique: flowers in axillary and terminal 2-4- flowered loose clusters: calyx purplish-green or yellowish, about a line long, 5-cleft to the middle, much narrowed toward the base. On the highest slopes of the Cascade and Sierra Nevada Mountains. | SuBGENUs UI PrerstcartA Meisn. Monogr. 66. Herbaceous or more or less woody perennial or annual plants with the leaves all cauline. Ocreae mostly membranaceous, cylindric, truncate, naked or variously fringed. Flowersin terminal spicate racemes, usually geminate or paniculate, subtended hy ocreolae. Calyx. 3--5-parted. Stamens 4-8. Style 2-3-parted or 2-5-cleft, Achenes lenticular or triquetrous. Cotyledons accumbent. P. amphibium L. Sp. 361. Perennial: glabrous when mature: stems. emersed or floating on the surface of the water and rooting at the nodes, 1-10 feet long, simple or branched: leaves oblong, elliptic or elliptic-lanceo- late, 1-6 inches long, thickish and somewhat coriaceous, glossy above, rounded or narrowed at base, long-petioled to subsessile: ocreae cylindric, those of the stem 8-15 lines long, those of the branches surpassing the internodes, with or without a few bristles: flowers in a dense oblong or POLYGONUM POLYGONACE 4 579 ovate spicate raceme: calyx rose-color, about 2 lines long, 5-parted to below the middle: stamens 5, exserted: style about 2 lines long 2-cleft: achenes lenticular, orbicular-oblong or obovoid. In ponds and wet places, Alaska to California and the Atlantic States: also Europe and Asia. P. Hartwrightii Gray Proc. Am. Acad viii, 294 Perennial: more or less hispid throughout, except when growing in water: stems creeping and ascending, or suberect, 1-3 feet long, leafy: leaves oblong to narrowly lan- ceolate, 3-9 inches long, obtuse or acutish at both ends, short-petioled or sessile: ocreae cylindric, 6-9 lines long, with a more or iess spreading rim, fringed at the summit with short bristles: flowers numerous, in a dense oblong to conic spicate raceme: calyx rose-color, about 2 lines long, 5-parted to below the middle: stamens 5, exserted: achenes lenticular, oblong. In moist places, Alaska to California and the Atlantic States. P Muhlenbergii Watson Proc. Am. Acad. xiv, 245. Perennial : glab- rous or strigose throughout: stems more or less creeping in wet places, the distal end erect, 12-30 inches long, mostly simple, leafy, enlarged at the joints: leaves narrowly to broadly lanceolate, 2-10 inches long, acute or acuminate, rounded or narrowed to cordate at base, all petioled: ocreae cylindric, 12-18 lines long. when young clasping the stem, becoming loose and inflated near tiie base in age: flowers in 1-3 terminal linear densely- flowered racemes 2-5inches long: calyx dark rose-color to pink, 2lines long, 5-parted tothe middle: stamens 5, exserted: style 2-cleft, exserted: achenes lenticular, broadly obovoid. In water or wet places, throughout North America. P. wapatairotium L. Sp. 360. Annual: glabrous or more or less pu- bescent throughout: stem stout, mostly erect, 1-2 feet high, branched above or throughout, sometimes nearly simple, thickened at the joints: leaves broadly to narrowly lanceolate, 2-10 inches long, attenuate toward the apex frum the broadest part, acuminate at base, ciliate, inconspicuous- ly punctate, short-petioled: ocreae cylindric, 6-12 lines long, loose, striate or ribbed, slightly ciliate when young: peduncles and pedicels more or less glandular: racemes 1-5, inaterminal panicle, denselv flowered, 1-+ inches long, mostly drooping: calyx flesh-color to white, 5-parted to below the middle: stamens 6, included: achenes lenticular or trigonous, oblong or ovoid. In moist places, throughout temperate North America: introduced from Europe. Var. incanum Koch Syn. Fl. Germ. 711, Small and slender: stem erect, 2-12 invhes high, simple or branched: leaves lanceolate to ovate or oblong, glabrous above, white tomentose beneath, short-petioled or sub- sessile: racemes oblong, 6-12 lines long, erect: achenes lenticular, ovoid. In damp places, Oregon and Washington to the Atlantic States. P. nodosum Persoon Syn. i, 440. Annual: stem stout, erect, 1-4 feet high, red or reddish with purple spots and dark rings, naked, branched: leaves rather narrowly lanceolate, attenuate upward from near the base and acuminate, cuneate at base and shortly petioled, somewnat scabrous with short prickly hairs on the midribs and margins: ocreae cylindric, 8-12 lines long, strongly ribbed: racemes axillary and terminal, oblong and erect or often linear and nodding, an inch long or more: flowers white to light rose-color, about a line long: stamens 6, included: style 2-parted, included: achenes lenticular, broadly oblong or ovoid. Throughout North America. P. Pennsylvanicum L. Sp. 362. Annual: glabrous below, pubescent and glandular above: stem erect, 1-3 feet high, simple to much branched: leaves from narrowly to broadly lanceolate, 2-10 inches long, ciliate, the midrib prominent on the lower side, acuminate at base, short-petioled : ocreae cylindric or funnelform, 6-9 lines long: racemes panicled, oblong- eylindric, 1-3 inches long, erect, dense; calyx pink or light purple, 1-2 580 POLYGONACEAL POLYGONUM lines long, 5-parted to the middle: stamens 8 or fewer, included: style 2-parted to about the middie: achenes lenticular, flat, broader than high. Idaho to the Eastern States. P. Perrsicarra L. Sp. 361. Annual: stem erect or sometimes spread- ing, 8-20 inches high, simple or branched: leaves lanceolate to linear- lanceolate, 1-8 inches long, acuminate at both ends, entire or sometimes erose, conspicuously punctate, nearly smooth except the more or less his- pid midrib and nerves, short-petioled or nearly sessile, generally with a dark triangular or lunate spot in the middle: ocreae cy!ndric or funnelform, 6-9 lines long, conspicuously fringed with short bristles: racemes 1-5, in terminal panicles, oblong or ovoid, 6-18 lines long, mostly erect, densely- flowered: calyx pink to purple or greenish, 5-cleft to the middle, the seg- ments obtuse: stamens generally included: style 2- or 3-parted. included: achenes broadly ovoid, pointed. In waste places throughout North and South America: naturalized from Europe. P. hydropiperoides Michx. Fl. i, 236. Perennial, often tinged with red throughout: stems erect, or the base decumbent and creeping, 1-3 feet high, simple or branched above, enlarged at the joints: leaves lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 2-6 inches long, glabrous or strigillose, acute at both ends, ciliate, short-petioled : ocreae cylindric or funnelform, 6-12 lines long, loose, fringed with long bristles: racemes almost linear, 1-3 inches long, erect, more or less interrupted: calyx about a line long, flesh-color, or greenish, 5-parted to below the middle, the segments oblong or obovate: stamens 8, included style short, 3-parted, at length exserted: achenes tri- quetrous, ovoid or broadly oblong. In ponds and wet places, Washington to California and the Atlantic States. P. Hydropiper L. Sp. 361. Annual: glabrous: stems erect or assur- gent, 8-24 inches high, simple, or branched throughout: leaves ovate to lanceolate, 1-5 inches long, acute or acuminate at both ends, ciliate, un- dulate or slightly crisped, short-petioled: ocreae cylindric, 3-6 lines long, becoming somewhat funnelform and oblique fringed with long bristles, often bearing 1 or 2 flowers within, racemes numerous, axillary and ter- minal, 1-3 inches long rather loosely flowered and much interrupted, usual- ly drooping: calyx greenish to red or white, 3-5 parted, the segments rather narrowly oblong: stamens 4, sometimes 6, included: style 2-3-cleft to near the base: achene lenticular or triquetrous, broadly oblong to onbicular: In damp places, throughout temperate North America and urope. SuBGENus tv, AvicuLARIA Meisn. Monog. Polyg. 85. Annual or perennial plants with the leaves all cauline, the petioles artic- ulated at the junction of the ocreae; the upper ones reduced to foliaceous bracts. Ocreae membranaceous and usually hyaline, funnelform, oblique, 2-parted, at length lacerate. Inflorescence consisting of axillary clusters either widely separated or crowded into aterminal raceme. Calyx 5-parted. Stamens mostly 8. Style 3-parted or wanting. Achenes triquetrous. Cotyledons in- cumbent. , i itd Suffruticose smooth perenniais with brown stems and loose scaly ark. P. paronychia Cham. & Scblecht. Linn. iii, 51. Bright green and glabrous throughout: stems prostrate or ascending, 6-18 inches long, dif- fusely branched: leaves oblong to oblong-lanceolate, apparently linear or linear-lanceolate on account of the strongly revolute margins, 3-5 lines long, scattered along the branches and crowded in subspicate clusters at POLYGONUM POLYGONACE Zt | 581 the branches, sessile, pitted on the upper surface, acute or acuminate at base, with a broad 2-winged midrib ocreae 6-10 lines long, silvery, early lacerate into hair-like segments: flowers crowded into subspicate clusters near the ends of the branches: calyx white to pink, about 3 lines long, 5- parted to below the middle, the segments obovate or oblong: stamens 8, included: style a line or more long, 3 cleft at the apex. On sandy banks along the coast, Vancouver Island to California. P. Shastensis Brewer Gray Proc. Am. Acad. viii., 400. Glabrous throughout: stems prostrate or ascending, 4-12 inches long, much branch- ed: oblong to oblanceolate, 3-6 lines long, longer than the internodes, ses- sile, acute at base: ocreae 2-3 lines long, 2-parted, the segments very thin and silvery: flowers 2 or 3 together in the axils of the leaves: calx 2 lines long, rose-color or red, 5-parted to near the base, the segments obovate, each with a dark rib: stamens 8, included; filaments strongly dilated at base: style 3-parted, apparently formed by the splitting of the apex of the narrowly oblong achene. Mount Mazama Oregon to the high peaks of the Sierra Nevada Mountains. _ * * Annuals, rarely perennials, with striate stems, leafy through- out: calyx colored upon the margins, becoming closely appressed to the achene: style short. P. littorale Link in Shrad. Journ. i, 54. Annual or perennial, glab- rous, bright green and glaucous: stems prostrate, 1-4 feet long, diffusely branched: leaves oblong to oblanceolate, 3-12 lines long, generally acumin- ate at base, conspicuously nerved, often crisped, short-petioled: ocreae oblique, 2-3 lines long, 2 parted and silvery when young, at length lacerate and brownish: flowers in clusters of 1-6 in the axils of the upper leaves: calyx mostly green, 5-parted te below the middle, the segments oblong: ‘stamens 8, included: style a line long, 3-parted to the base, ineluded. Brit. Columbia to California and across the continent. P. avicorare L. Sp. 362. Glabrous throughout and dull or bluish- green: stems prostrate or ascending, 4-24 inches long, simple or branched: leaves oblong to oblanceolate, 5-12 lines long, acuminate at base, not con- spicuonsly nerved, subsessile or short-petioled : ocreae oblique, 2 lines long, silvery, becoming lacerate in age: flowers in clusters of 2-5 in the axils of the leaves: calyx mostly green, 5-parted to below the middle, the segments oblong: stamens 5-8, included: style very short, 3-parted. Common in yards and roadsides. P. erectum L. Sp. 363. Glabrous throughout: stem stout, erect or ascending and somewhat spreading, 8-24 inches high, nearly simple to much branched: leaves oval, oblong or obovate, 6-30 lines long; mostly acuminate at base, sessile to short-petioled : ocreae 3-12 lines long:-flowers in clusters of several in the axils of the middle leaves: calyx greenish, over a line long, 5-parted to below the middle, the segments oblong: stamens 6 or 7, included: style less than a line long, 3-parted. In sandy fields, east- ern Oregon to Texas and Georgia. ' P. minimum Watson Bot. King 315. Somewhat scurfy but glabrous: stem erect or spreading, 1-3 inches long, slender, simple or branching from the base: leaves obovate to ovate or oblong, 3-8 lines long, acute or apicu- late at the apex, acuminate at base, subsessile, not much reduced above: ocreae about a line long, dentate-lacerate: flowers in clusters of several in axils of all the leaves: calyx greenish, about a line long. 5-parted to near the base, the segments oblong, the margins pale rose-color: stamens 5-8, included. On the high mountain tops, Washington and Oregon to Cali- fornia and Utah. * * Annuals with striate stems, the branches slender and virgate, angular: leaves diminishing upward and becoming bract-like; the 582 | POLYGONACE 4 POLYGONUM _ spike-like inflorescence more or less interrupted. Pp. Douglasii Greene Bull. Cal. Acad. i, 125. Glabrous and more or less glaucescent except the more or less scabrous nodes: stem slender, 8-16 inches high erect usually somewhat strictly branched: leaves oblong to lanceolate, 6-30 lines long, mostly acute, often cuspidate, acuminate at base, sessile or nearly so, the margins often revolute: ocreae 5-6 lines long: flowers one to several in the axils of the upper leaves, on reflexed pedicels: calyx greenish, 1-2 lines long, 5-parted to near the base, the seg- ments oblong with whitish or rose-colored margins: stamens 8, included: style very short, 3-parted. In dry places in the mountains of Brit. Columbia to California and Nebraska. P. montanum Greene Pl. Baker. 18. P. Douglasii var. latifolium Greene Bull. Cal. Acad. 125, ‘* Low,fastigiately branched from the-base,3 to 6 inches high, the branches floriferous from the base, but the flowers few among the proper leaves, most.of them forming a mere bracted spike beyond the foliage, all the angles of stem and branches denticulate-scaber- ulous, and other parts also more or less scrabro-puberulent: leaves oblong-- lanceolate, very acute, often an inch long.1l-nerved, the nerve sharply cari- nate beneath the leaf: perianth subsessile but nodding, its segments dark green or purplish except marginally and completely enclosing the achene, this black, smooth and shining, the faces obtusely rhomboidal, the cross- section 3-lobed rather than triangular.’”’ On high mountains, Brit. Co- lumbia to California and the Rocky Mountains. P. Howellii Greene Pl. Baker. 14. Stem erect, 4-12 inches high, sparingly branched from the base, the branches erect: leaves elliptic- oblong to lanceolate, very acute and apiculate, attenuate at base, 6-12 lines long, the thin margins serrulate-scabrous: ocreae scarious, 2-4 lines long, 2-parted : flowers 1-3 in the axils of all the leaves, erect on erect pedicels: calyx whitish, about a line long, 5-parted to near the base, the segments oblong: achenes wholly invested by the calyx, very black and highly pol- ished, the faces rhombic-ovate. On top of the Siskiyou Mountains along the Happy Camp trail in California, perhaps in Oregon farther east. P. Sawatchense Small Bull. Torr. Bot. Club xx, 213. Glabrous and more or less scurfy or papillose throughout: stem erect, 2-8 inches high: leaves oblanceolate or obovate to almost linear, 3-12 lines long, acute at the apex, acuminate below, sessile, flat or revolute: ocreae at length lace- rate to the middle: flowers in clusters of 2-4 in the axils of all the leaves: calyx green, on erect pedicels, a line or less long, 5-parted to near the base, the segments oblong, obtuse: stamens 6-8: style almost none. In the moun- tains, Washington to Colorado and Dakota. P. ramosissimum Michx, Fl. i, 237. Glabrous throughout: stem erect or ascending, 4-12 inches high, nearly simple or diffusely branched : leaves lanceolate to oblong, 4-20 lines long, acuminate at both ends, short- petioled, persistent: ocreae 3-9 lines long, early becoming lacerate: flowers in small clusters in the axils of the upper leaves: calyx greenish or yellow, about a line long, erect, on erect pedicels, 5-parted or 6-parted to near the base, the segments narrowly oblong: stamens 6 or fewer, included: style very short, 3 parted to the base. lithe mountains, eastern Washington to California and the Atlantic States. P. Engelmanni Greene Bull. Cal. Acad. i, 126. Glabrous: stem very slender and wiry, 2-8 inches long, nearly cont 3 or diffusely branched from the base: leaves linear-lanceolate, 1-6 lines long, light green or glau- cous, beneath, acute, sessile: ocreae funnelform, about 2 lines long. at length slightly lanceolate: flowers in small fascicles in the axils of all the leaves, nodding on reflexed pedicels: calyx dark green, a line long, 5-parted to near the base, the segments oblong, obtuse, with whitish border: sta- POLYGONUM POLYGONACE 4 583 mens 5-8 included: style very short, 3-parted. High mountains, Washing- ton to Colorado. P. Austine Greene 1. c. Glabrous and scurfy throughout: stems mostly erect, 2-6 inches high, branched from the base: leaves ovate-lance- olate to oblanceolate. 3-6 lines long, acute, sessile, revolute or flat, bright green beneath: ocreae about 2 lines long, at length slightly lacerate: flow- ers in clusters of 2-3in the axils of the leaves, drooping, on reflxed pedicels: calyx green, a line long, 5-parted to near the base, the segments narrowly oblong obtuse, with whitish borders: stamens 5-8, included: style very short, 3-parted to the base. In the high mountains, eastern Washington to California. P. majus Piper Fl. Palouse Reg. 63. Stem wiry, terete, erect or near- ly so, much branched from the base, 6-18 inches high; leaves linear-lan - ceolate, 1-3 inches long, sessile: ocreae scarious, 6-12 lines long, at length lacerate : flowers few, in the axils of the upper leaves, spreading or ascend- ing on short pedicels: calyx broadly campanulate, 1-2 lines long, 5-cleft to below the middle, the segments oblong, rounded at the apex, white with green midveins: stamens 5, included: style 3-parted tothe middle: fruit re- flexed. Common in stony soil, eastern Washington. P. spergularieforme Meisn. Small Bull. Torr. Bot. Club xix, 366. P. coarctatum Dougl. not Willd. Glabrous throughout: stem slender and wiry, erect, 4-20 inches high, branched, the branches usually erect: leaves linear-oblong to linear lanceolate, 14-116 inches long, acute, sessile, the margins usually revolute: ocreae 4-6 lines long, soon finely lacerate: flowers numerous, in small clusters in the axils of the upper leaves, erect _ or spreading: calyx 2 lines long 5-parted to near the base, the segments obovate, obtuse, pink with green midveins: stamens 5, included: style about a line long, 3-parted. On dry stony or sandy places, Brit. Columbia to California and Colorado. Flowering from Spring until Autumn. P. lineare Hook. Fl. ii, 137. ? Minutely puberulent thoughout: stem slender, prostrate or ascending, diffusely branched, 4-10 inches long, leaves linear to linear-lanceolate, 44-1 inch long acute, sessile, the margins strongly revolute, dark green above, white beneath: ocreae about 4 lines long, soon lacerate: flowers in small clustersin the axils of subulate bracts at the ends of the branches: crowded and apparently spicate, erect or sprea- ding, on short pedicels: calyx about 2 lines long, broadly campanulate,‘5- cleft to near the base, the 3 outer segments obovate, rounded at the apex, the 2 inner ones narrower and barely obtuse, all pink or rose-color with green midveins: stamens 8, included. On mossy banks along the lower Columbia and Willamette rivers. Not flowering until Autumn. P. Nuttallii Small Monog. Polyg. 132. P. intermedium Nutt. not Ehrh. Glabrous throughout: stem slender and wiry, erect 3-9 inches high simple irregularly and divergently branched, dark red: leaves linear- lanceolate, 4-18 lines long, acute, sessile, glaucescent beneath more or less revolute: ocreae 1-2 lines long, at length lacerate: flowers in the axils of the upper leaves, crowded and racemose, erect: calyx greenish, about a line long, 5-parted to near the base, the segments oblong, with pinkish margins: stamens 8 or fewer, the filaments dilated at base. On grassy banks, Brit. Columbia to Oregon. P. Kelloggii Greene Fl. Fr. 134. Glabrous throughout: stem slen- der, mostly erect, 1-3 inches high, divergently branched from near the base: leaves linear or linear-lanceolate 2-6 lines long, acute, sessile, crowd- ed on the branches but spreading and not imbricated, much the same size throughout: ocreae funnelform a line or less long, thin and early lacerate: flowers in small clusters in the axils of the upper Jeaves, contiguous on account of the very short internodes making the branches appear like leafy 584 POLYGONACEA POLYGONUM racemes: calyx green, a line long 5-parted to near the base, -the segments oblong, obtuse, with whitish or cream-colored margins: stamens about 5, included. Washington to California and Colorado, P. Watsoni Small Monog. Polyg. 138. P. imbricatum Nutt. not Raf. Glabrous throughout, stem slender and wiry, usually simple, 1-6 inches high : 2-4 of the lower leaves filiform, 6-12 lines long, the upper or floral bracts lanceolate to oblong 2-4 lines long, acute or shortly acuminate, ses- sile, green with very narrow scarious margins: ocreae silvery, 2-partedbut early lacerate, 1-2 lines long: flowers white or pinkish, mostly solitary, in the axils of the upper leaves, the lower one remote, the otbers crowded and racemose: calyx about a line long, 5-parted to below the middle, the outer segments longest, ovate, obtusish: stamens 5orfewer. In wet places, Washington to California and the Rocky Mountains. P. polygaloides Meisn. in DC. Prodr. xiv, 101. Glabrous and light green, 4-8 inches high mostly somewhat corymbosely branched, slightly flexuous: leaves linear, 3-18 lines long, acute, sessile: ocreae funnelform, 2 lines long or more, 2-parted, soon lacerate: flowers in small clusters in the axils of oblong scarious-margined more or lessimbricated bracts at the ends of the branchlets: calyx a line long, 5-parted to near the base,white or pinkish, the segments with adark midrib, the outer ones longer than the inner: stamens 8, included: style evident, 3-parted to the middle. In moist places on open plains, Brit. Columbia to California and the Rocky Mountains. Supcenus v DurayviA Watson Am. Nat. vii, 665. Slender wiry little annuals. Leaves linear, not jointed upon the seari- ous lacerate ocreae. Flowers in slender many jointed interrupted spikes, mostly solitary and nearly sessile in the sheaths. Sepals 5, colored, becoming somewhat appressed to the achene. Stamens 8, the 3inner filaments but slightly dilated at base. ‘Achenes membranaceous, linear, nearly terete, obscurely 3-angled. Cotyle- dons accumbent. P, Californicum Meisn. in DC. Prodr. xiv, 100. Glabrous: stem very slender and wiry, erect, diffusely and loosely branched to nearly sim- ple: leaves narrowly linear, to filiform 6-18 lines long, subulate-tipped, 3 ribbed, the upper reduced to subulate bracts: flowers solitary in the axils of the bracts forming slender terminal spikes: calyx a line or less long, 5- cleft to the middle at length exceeding the ocreae. On dry plains Southern Oregon to California. P. Greenei Watson Proc Am. Acad. xix, 294. Glabrous: stem slen- der, erect, 4-7 inches high, generally branched throughout, compact: leaves linear to linear-lanceolate, 2-6 lines long. almost hract-like, reduc- ed bracts above more or less imbricated and often of much the same size throughout, 3-ribbed, the margins revolute: ocreae 3-4 lines long conspic- uously lacerate, the segments subulate, numerous, rigid: flowers solitary in the axils of bracts and thus apparently in terminal leafy-bracted racemes: calyx sessile, a line long, rose-color, 5-cleft. not exceeding the ocreae: hc ea Sg included: style a line long 3-parted. Eastern Washington to alifornia. P. Parryi Greene Bull. Torr. Bot. Club viii. 99. Glabrous: stem erect, 1-4 inches high, simple to densely much branched, very leafy and bearing flowersto the base: leaves linear, 3-12 lines long, of much the same size throughout, subulate-tipped, 3-nerved: ocreae a little more than a line long, extremely lacerate, usually hiding the calyx and giving the whole plant a woolly appearance: flowers solitary in the axils of all the POLYGONUM POLYGONACE 585 RU MEX ; leaves: calyx nearly a line long, sessile, 5-cleft. In moist places, eastern Washington to southern Oregon and California. SuspeENus vr Trytarta Meisn. Monog. 62. * Annual or peren- nial more or less twining plants with usually cordate or truncate leaves. Ocreae membranaceous, funnelform, oblique, naked at the summit. Flowers in axillary or terminal clusters or racemes. Calyx 5-parted, the outer segments keeled or winged. Stamens 8. Style 3-parted or wanting. Achenes triquetrous. Cotyledons accum bent. | P. convotvuLus L. Sp. 364. Annual: Glabrous: stem slender prostrate or twining, I-4 feet long, branched: leaves broadly to narrowly ovate or ov- ate-sagittate, 1-3 inches long, acuminate, somewhat undulate and crisped, on slender petioles: flowers in small axillary clusters and terminal racemes on slender reflexed pedicels: calyx green or whitish, about 2 lines long, the segments oblong, obtuse, closely investing the triquetrous achene. Com- mon in cultivated fields and gardens. Naturalized from Europe. P, pumeEtToRuM L. Sp. ed. 2, 522. Perennial: bright green and glabrous throughout: stems weak and slender, extensively twining 2-20 feet long: leaves ovate-cordate, 1-4 inches long, acuminate, petioled or nearly sessile: flowers in axillary racemes 2 inches long: calyx yellowish-green, drooping, nearly 3 lines long. Said to growin our region but I have not seen it. Missouri to Tennessee and Europe. 6 RUMEX L. Sp. 333. Coarse perennial, biennial or annual herbs, some tropical spe- cies shrubs or trees, with more or less acid juice, alternate leaves with sheathing stipules and small flowers fascicled or verticillate in paniculate racemes. Flowers perfect, polygamons or dicecious, on jointed pedicels. Calyx 5-parted or of 6 distinct sepals the outer 3 herbaceous, spreading or reflexed, the inner larger and more or less colored, usually becoming enlarged’and reticulat- ed in fruit, appressed to the 3-angled achene. Stamens 6: filaments very short. Style 3-parted, with peltate tufted stigma. Embryo curved or nearly straight, borne in one of the faces of the achene. § 1 AcrTosELLA Trelease Rev. Rum. 76. Dicecious perenni- als with acid juice. Outer segments of the calyx without dorsal callosities, not reticulated nor larger than the achene. R. AcreTOSELLA L. Sp. 338. (Sorreut.) Glabrous throughout stems slender, 6-12 inches high, tufted, propagating by creeping rootstocks: leaves oblanceolate, acute, the lower mostly bastate with a large decurrent, rarely toothed auricle on each side, petioled, 2-5 inches long, the upper gradually reduced and entire: panicle more or less compound, usually reddish, the filiform ascending branches, leafless: pedicels capillary, articulated at the summit: flowers about a line long. Common in fields and waste pl a- ces throughout most of North America and Europe. § 2 Acretosa Campd. Monog. Rumex, Diccious perennials, the leaves with acid juice. Inflorescence with slender leafles branches. Inner segments of the calyx rather finely reticulated becoming round-cordate and much; larger than the achene. R. paucifolius Nutt. Mss. Watson Bot. King, 314. Stems somewha 586 POLYGONACE RUMEX tufted, about a foot high: leaves spatulate to lanceolate, or the shortest somewhat elliptical-ovate, very gradually narrowed at base, neither auricl- ed nor hastate, 2-6 inches long: inflorescence rather simple. with suberect branches: pedicels about as long as the fruit, jointed toward the base, in- ner segment of the calyx about 2 lines in diameter, achenes about a line long. In mountain parks, Brit. Columbia to California and the Rocky Mountains. R. acetosa L. Sp. 337. Stems simple, mostly solitary, 1-4 feet high, rather slender: leaves ovate or oblong-ovate 2-6 inches long, mostly obtuse, deeply cordate with commonly acute auricles or subsagittate, a small tooth sometimes present on each auricle: inflorescence a rather simple strict panicie: pedicels about as long as the fruit conspicuously jointed in the middle: outer sepals of pistillate relatively large, reflexed in flower orbicu- lar, 2-3 lines in diameter clawless usually with a delicate callosity at base: achene about 3lines long. In open places in woods, Alaska to Oregon and across the continent. § 2 LapatHa Campd. |. c. Leaves never hastate, with or without acid juice. Inflorescence with stouter, sometimes leafy branches: hermaphrodite or andro-monoecious. Inner sepals commonly reticulated, hecoming round or elongated and much larger than the achene. * Sepals at most very minutely erose or low denticulate. + Inner sepals very large, mostly red, round or broadly ovate deep- ly cordate, without callosities, outer sepals at length reflexed. R. venosus Pursh Fl. 733. Glabrous throughout: stems stout, 8-18 inches high from long running perenninal roots, branching from most of the axils: leaves thick and somewhat coriaceous, elliptical to nearly ovate. abruptly acute at both ends, 2-6 inches long: inflorescence nearly simple, leafless, the short zigzag branches divergent: pedicels rather stout about as long as the fruit tumidly jointed below the middle: inner sepals firm, bright rosy-red, orbicular or broader than long, 8-12 lines in diameter, the sinuses often closed, emarginate to shortly blunt acuminate : achenes about 4 lines long, On sandy plains east of the Cascade Mountains, Brit. Colum- bia to Nevada and Kansas. ++ Inner sepals not over 6 lines long,only moderately if at all cordate. ++ Inner sepals round or very broadly ovate, low reticulate pedi- cels slender or capillary. R. occidentalis Watson Proc. Am. Acad. xii, 253. Glabrous: stems stout, 1-3 feet high, from thick perennial roots: leaves ovate to lanceolate, 6- 12 inches long wavy-margined,truncately cordate, the apex roundedto acute, with acid juice: inflorescence strict and dense, rosy-red in fruit, naked or with a few small leaves below pedicels 2-3 times as long as the fruit, yery obscurely jointed below the middle: inner sepals at length rosy-red, 3-5 lines long, deltoid-ovate, often only slightly cordate, remotely erose or den- ticulate, rounded or obtuse at the apex, without callosities: achenes 2 lines long. In wet or moist alluvial soil, California to Alaska and Colorado. R. confinis Greene™Pitt. iv, 306. Stems stout, often 6-8 feet high: blade of the lowest leaves often 14 feet long, commonly 6 inches wide to- ward the deeply subhastate-cordate base, lanceolate, on petioles nearly as long as the blade: panicle ample, 1 -2 feet long: pedicels slender, 3-6 lines long, jointed well above the base: valves suborbicular, with subtruncate base, green and of thin texture, the margins more or less crenate or den- tate toward the base. In wet madows, in the lake region of northern Idaho. RUMEX POLYGONACE 587 R. _ crispus L. Sp. 335. Glabrous to slightly papillate: stems stout, 2-3 feet high, simple: leaves Lluish green, the lowest ample, elliptical to mostly oblong-lanceolate, rounded or decurrently acutish at base, often a foot long: branches of the panicle rather strict, somewhat leafy: pedicels about one-half longer than the fruit, tumidly jointed near the base: inner sep- als 2-3 lines long, rounded ovate, barely cordate, rounded at the apex or with a broad blunt acumination, minutely erose to broadly dentate below, each with a smooth ovoid often rosy callosity reaching to the middle of the valve: achene 1-2 lines long. Common throughout temperate North America and Europe. ++ +» Jnner sepals triangular-ovate to oblong, sometimes with a contracted apex. R. hesperius Greene Pitt. iv, 234. ‘ Alliedto R. altissimus but low and slender, very leafy, the panicle small, small-fruited: leaves elliptic- lanceolate, very acute or acuminate, wavy-margined or even almost crisp- ed: pedicels jointed at the very base: valves of the fruiting calyx from quite exactly and sharply deltoid to subreniform-deltoid. as broad at base as long, none grain-bearing, all distinctly though not strongly venulose, seldom obviously reticulate. Bottom lands near Bingen Washington, 31 Oct. 1893, W. N. Suksdorf; the specimens distributed for R. altissimus, but the species very distinct.”’ R. salicifolius Wein. Fl. iv, 28. Glabrous, pale green: stems spread- ing to erect, 1-3 feet high simpleor branched, flexuous: from thick perenni- al roots, leaves lanceolate to linear, or the lower oblong, acute or acuminate at both ends, or rarely obtuse at the apex, often falcate, 2-7 inches long: panicles simple: pedicels arcuately curved, scarcely as long as the fruit, or a few in each cluster longer, jointed near the base: inner sepals triangular- ovate, acute, 2-3 lines long, delicately veined: callosities variable in num- ber smooth or pitted, often nearly as long as the valve: achenes 1-2 lines long. In rich moist soil, Alaska to Calitornia and the Atlantic States and Canada: also Europe. R.|"conatompratus Murray Prodr. Fl. Geett. 52. Glabrous perennial: stems slender, mostly clustered, 1-3 feet high: leaves ovate to oblong or lanceolate, 1-5 inches long, some of them somewhat fiddle-shaped, crenu- late and slightly crisped: flowering branches slender, at length elongated, not zigzag, bearing a broadly lanceolate leaf at nearly every node: pedicels slender, about as long as the fruit, tumidly jointed near the base: inner sepals about 3 lines long, nearly oblong, obtuse: callosities mostly 3, round to ovoid,jvery prominent, smooth, half as broad and nearly as long as the valves: achenes about a line long. In waste places, western Washington to California: also in the Atlantic States: adventive from Europe. * * Valves very prominently toothed. R. putcuer L. Sp. 336. Stems slender, zigzag above, branching at nearly every node, at length dichotomous above, mostly glabrous: leaves oblong or some ofthe lower ones fiddle shaped, 1-6 inches long, obtuse, cordate at base, upper ones oblong or oblong-lanceolate, usually narrowed at both ends: panicle loose: racemes long, divergent, rather leafy: pedicels very short, scarcely longer than the fruit, tumidly jointed near the mid-, dle: inner sepals rigid, one commonly longer than the others, Labi apse ain veined, nearly 3 lines long, ovate, obtuse, with 5-10 short teeth on each’ side, one or all of them with a wrinkled callosity half as long as the valve: achenes about a line long. In waste places: naturalized from Europe. R. ostusiroris L. 1. c. Glabrous perennial: stems stout, erect, sim-, ple or sparingly branched, 2-4 feet high: leaves ample, broadly ovate, 4-14: inches long cordate, the veins often red or purplish, the upper ones lanceo- ! late or oblong-lanceolate, the margins somewhat undulate or crisped:: 588 PHYTOLACCACEZ RUMEX OXYRIA flowering branches suberect, sparingly leafy below: pedicels slender, about. twice as long as the fruit, tumidly jointed toward the base: inner sepa!s not very conspicuously veined, about 3 lines long, ovate-oblong, with 3-5 thin triangular teeth on each side, mostly confined to the lower half, the triangular entire apex mostly acute: callosities smooth, one usually larger than the others. Common along roadsides and in pastures: naturalized from Europe. "R. persicarioides L. 1. c. Pubescent and pale green annual: stems rather stout, erect and simple or diffusely branched, 1-3 feet high, some- times spreading or creeping, very leafy: leaves lanceolate or oblong, nar- rowed or sometimes cordate or sagittate at base, acute, the margins more or Jess undulate or crisped, 1-12 inches long: panicle simple or compound: racemes erect, leafy-bracted, usually interrupted : pedicels capillary, twice as long as the fruit, tumidly jointed at the base: inner sepals oblong, a line long with 1-3 bristles on each margin, each bearing an oblong callosity. Brit. Columbia to California, and the Eastern States and Canada 7 OXYRIA Hill Veg. Syst. x, 24. (1765) Low perennial herbs with acid juice, mostly radical leaves and small perfect flowers in naked panicled racemes. Calyx unequal- ly 4-parted, the outer segments smaller than the inner. Stamens 6, included: filaments short, subulate, glabrous: anthers oblong. Ovary 1-celled: ovule solitary. Style short, 2-parted, its branches divergent: stigmas fimbriate, persistent, Achenes compressed and thin, broadly winged. 0. digyna Campd. Monog. Rum. 155 t, 5. fig. 3. Rootstock large, chaffy: stem slender, scape-like, simple or sparingly branched, leafless or nearly so, 2-12 inches high: Jeaves reniform or orbicular-reniform, 6-18 lines broad, undulate, sometimes emarginate, long-petioled: ocreae oblique, loose, those of the stems bearing flowers: racemes many-flowered ; flowers slender-pedicelled: calyx segments oblong, the inner erect, the outer re- fiexed in fruit: achenes pointed, smooth, surrounded by a broad membran- ous wing. On high mountains, California to the Arctic Circle and across the continent: also northern Europe and Asia. OrDER LXXVI PHYTOLACCACE Lindl. Nat. Syst. 231. Herbs shrubs or trees with alternate leaves and perfect reg- ular polygamous or moncecious’ usually racemose flowers. Caiyx 4-5-parted or of 4 or 5 distinct sepals, imbricated in the bud. Stamens as many as divisions of the calyx and alternate with them, or more numerous, hypogynous: filaments subulate or filiform: anthers 2-celled, the cells longitudinally dehiscent, often nearly separated. Ovary superior, several- celled, with a solitary amphitropous ovule in each cell. Styles as many as carpels, short or none: stigmas linear or filiform. Fruit a berry, capsule or samara. 1 PHYTOLACCA L. Sp. 41. Tall perennial herbs with simple entire leaves without stipules and small flowersin terminal racemes which by the farther growth of the stem become opposite the leaves. Pedicels bracted at the base. Calyx of 4 or 5 persistent rounded sepals. Stamens 4-15, % oF a Se ee a ee a Ta PHY TOLACCA AMARANTHACE 589 AMARANTHU < inserted at the base of the calyx. Ovary globose, of 5-15 distinct or somewhat united carpels. Fruit a depressed-globose berry. Seeds erect, compressed. Embryo annular, in mealy albumen. P. decandra L. Sp, ed. 2, 631. (Pokr-BERRY) Glabrous and succulent: stems 4-12 feet high, stout, erect, branched: leaves oblong-lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, pinnately veined, acute or acuminate at both ends, 8-12 inches long, petioled : racemes peduncled. 2-8 inches long: pedicels diverg- ent, 2-6 lines long, each with a subulate-lanceolate branchlet at its base, and usually 2 linear ones above: flowers perfect: calyx white, 2-3 lines broad, its sepals suborbicular or oval: stamens 10, slightly shorter than the sepals: berry dark purple, 5-6 lines in diameter, 10-celled. In waste places in southern Oregon: introduced from the Eastern States. OrpeR LXXVIT AMARANTHACE J. St. Hil. Expos. Fam. 204, (1805,) Herbs or low shrubs with simple leaves without stipules and small moneecious, polygamous or dicecious flowers usually in terminal spikes or axillary heads. calyx herbaceous or mem- branaceous, 2-5-parted, the segments distinct or united at base. Stamens 1-5. mostly opposite the segments of the calyx, hypo- gynous. Ovary 1-celled, usually with a solitary amphitropous ovule. Style short, elongated or none: stigmas 1-3. Fruit an utricle, circumscissile, bursting irregularly or indehiscent. 1 AMARANTHUS L. Sp, 989. (Pia WEEp.) Annual herbs with alternate petioled entire leaves and small green or purplish mostly 3-bracteolate flowers in dense terminal spikes or axillary clusters. Calyx of 2-5 distinct sepals. Sta- mens 2—5: anthers 2-celled, longitudinally dehiscent. Styles or stigmas 2 or3. Fruit autricle beaked by the persistent style. * Sepals 5, bracts 3. - A. uHysripus L. Sp. 990. Pubescent to nearly glabrous, green to pur- ple: stem rather slender, 2 inches to 8 feet high, usually branched: leaves bright green on both sides or paler beneath, ovate or rhombic-ovate, 1-6 inches long, on slender petioles: flowers very numerous, in dense linear- cylindric ascending or spreading spikes, forming dense terminal panicles: bracts subulate, 2-3 lines long: sepals 5, oblong, acute or cuspidate, about half as long as the bracts: stamens 5: utricle smooth, circumscissile. Common in fields and waste places: naturalized from Tropical America. * * Sepals 3: bracts 3. A. blitoides Watson Proc. Am. Acad. xii, 273. Nearly or quite glab- aous, pale green: stem much branched from the base, the branches prostr- te and spreading, rigid, 6-20 inches long: leaves obovate to spatulate 3-12 ines long, obtuse to acute at the apex, narrowed into slender petioles: flowers in small axillary clusters mostly shorter than the petioles: bracts subulate-lanceolate, little longer than the 4 or 5 oblong-lanceolate acute or cuspidate sepals: stamens 3: utricle nearly smooth. In waste places and roadsides Idaho to the Atlantic States. A. qaramczans L. Sp. 990. LIMOSELLA aquatica LINANTHUS bicolor Bolanderi ‘ciliatus _ filipes 63 63 64 64 64 189 189 198 198 250 251 250 251 251 251 251 51 52 51 645 645 91 91 785 785 291 259 260 260 260 260 260 261 672 673 637 648 648 648 648 649 649 649 649 108 108 108 108 108 108 108 524 524 454 455 455 456 455 Harknessii nudicaule pharnaceoides LINARIA Canadensis vulgaris LINNAEA borealis longiflora LINACEAE LINUM digynum micranthum Lewisii LISTERA caurina convallarioides cordata LITHOPHRAGMA campanulata parviflora rupicola tenella LITHOSPERMUM Californicum pilosum LLOY DIA serotina LOASACEAE LOBELIACEAE LOBELIA Dortmanna LOLIUM perenne temulentum LOPHANTHUS LORANTHACEAE LOTUS Americanus denticulatus Douglasii crassifolius formosissimus Hosackia humistratus micranthus pinnatus Torreyi Wrangellanus LUDWIGIA palustris LUETKEA Hendersoni sibbaldioides LUINA hypoleuca LUPINUS albicaulis 455 456 455 504 504 504 280 23U 280 103 104 104 104 630 631 630 630 199 200 200 200 200 492 492 493 650 651 239 405 406 406 173 774 774 552 608 138 138 139 140 140 140 140 139 139 149 141 139 221 221 187 187 187 369 369 122 125 arcticus argenteus aridus Burkei bicolor Breweri brevicaulis canescens - carnosulus cespitosus Cusickii flexuosus holosericeus latifolius laxiflorus Var. montanus lepidus leucophyllus ligulatus littoralis Lobbii longipes luteolus Lyallii micranthus microcarpus minimus mucronulatus Nootkatensis ornatus parviflorus nolvphyllus provinquus pusillus Sabinii saxosus sericeus sulphureus trifidus Wyethii LYCHNIS Drummondii Coronaria LUZULA LYCOPUS Americanus lucidus rubellus Virginicus LYGODESMIA spinosa juncea LYSICHITON Kamtschatcensis LYTHRACEAE LYTHRUM adsurgens MACHAERAN- 125 128 128 124 128 128 139 126 129 128 128 128 123 124 127 127 127 126 124 125 128 124 130 129 126 . 130 128 125 123 126 127 124 123 130 125 126 126 126 129 124 79 79 79 679 548 549 549 549 548 399 400 400 667 667 216 217 217 INDEX THRA attenuata eradiata Shastensis MACRONEMA Greenei molle suffruticosa MADIA capitata citriodora dissitiflora glomerata racemosa sativa MADARIA corymbosa elegans MAIANTHEMUM MALACOTHRIX glabrata Torreyi MALUS rivularis MALVACEAE MALVA rotundifolia MARAH Oregana MARRUBIUM vulgare MATRICARIA discoidea MEDICAGO denticulata lupulina sativa MELAMPYRUM lineare MELANTHACEAE MELICA acuminata aristata bromoides bulbosa fugax Harfordii Var. Howellii Howellii interrupta scabrata spectabilis stricta MELILOTUS alba Indica MELISSA officinalis 313 314 314 314 301 301 301 301 346 347 347 347 347 347 847 346 346 346 657 » 393 393 394 164 164 100 100) 101 238 239 557 557 362 362 131 131 131 131 540 540 661 749 751 751 750 750 750 750 750 750 749 751 751 749 131 132 132 551 551 MENTHA . Canadensis MENYANTHES trifoliata MENZIESIA ferruginea glabella MENTZELIA albicaulis Brandegei congesta dispersa gracilenta laevicaulis pumila MERTENSIA nutans oblongifolia paniculata platyphylla — longiflora Sibirica MICROCALA quadrangularis MICROMERIA. Douglasii MICROSERIS Bigelovii Douglasii MIMULUS alsinoides - breviflorus cardinalis dentatus fioribundus grandiflorus hirsutus Langsdorfii Lewisii microphyllus moschatus nasutus peduncularis pilosellus pilosus primuloides Pulsiferae rubellus Scouleri Suksdorfii MIRABILIS Greenei MICROPUS Californicus MITELLA Breweri ovalis pentandra 548 548 449 449 420 421 421 239 240 240 240 240 240 240 241 490 trifida MITELLASTRA caulescens MOLLUGO verticillata MONARDA scabra MONARDELLA discolor odoratissima purpurea reflexa villosa MONESES uniflora MONOLEPIS chenopodioides pusilla spatulata MONOTROP- -ACEAE MONOTROPA uniflora MONTIA arenicola asarifolia bulbifera Chamissonis - dichotoma diffusa Hallii Howellii humifusa linearis minor parviflora parvifolia ‘ perfoliata ‘rubra Sibirica spathulata tenuifolia MUHLENBERGIA comata glomerata sylvatica Var. setiglumis MUNROA squarrosa MUSENIUM divaricatum MYOSOTIS alpestris macrosperma palustris MYOSURUS apetalus lepturus 201 201 201 241 241 552 552 549 550 550 550 549 549 425 426 594 594 594 594 426 428 428 94 96 96 97 95 94 95 95 94 96 95 94 95 95 95 96 97 96 96 729 730 729 730 730 747 747 265 265 491 492 492 492 7, 12 12 12 INDEX minimus 12 sessilis | 12 MY nittACEKAE 615 MYRICA 615 Californica . 616 Gale 616 MYRIOPHYLLUM 219 hippuroides 219 pinnatum 220 spicatum 219 verticillatum 219 NABALUS 399 alatus 399 NAIADACEAE 670 NAIAS: 671 flexilis 671 Gaudalupensis 671 NAMA 473 demissum 473 NARTHECIUM 665 NASTURTIUM 39 officinale 40 NAUMBURGIA 437 thyrsiflora 437 NAVARRETIA 456 atractyloides 457 Breweri 457 divaricata 457 intertexta 457 leucocephala 457 minima 457 squarrosa 45 stricta 456 Suksdorfii 457 NEILLIA 185 capitata 185 malvacea 185 Torreyi 185 NEPETA 553 Cataria 553 NEMOPHILA 465 breviflora 466 densa 466 Menziesii 465 parviflora 466 pedunculata 466 NEWBERRYA 430 congesta 430 NICOTIANA 499 attenuata 500 Bigelovii 500 quadrivalvis 5090 Var. multivalvis 500 NITROPHILA 591 occidentalis 591 NOTHOCALAIS 393 cuspidata 393 Suksdorfii 393 troximoides 393 NYCTAGINACEAE 565 NYMPHAEACEAE 29 NYMPHAEA 29 advena 30 polysepala 30 OENANTHE 262 sarmentosa 262 OLEACEAE 438 ONAGRACEAE 229 ONAGRA 230 Hookeri 230 OPUNTIA 242 polyacantha 242 Var. platycarpa 242 Var. borealis 243 OREASTRUM 312 alpigenum 313 Andersoni 313 OREOBROMA 91 Columbiana 31 Cotyledon 91 Howellii 92 Nevadensis 92 Leana 91 oppositifolia 92 pygmaea 92 triphylla 92 Tweedyi 92 OREOCARYA 486 glomerata 486 leucophaea 486 sericea 486 ORCHIDACEAE 624 OROGENIA 261 fusiformis 261 Var. Leibergi 262 linear:folia 261 OROBANCHACEABE 540 OROBANCHE 541 Californica 541 comosa 541 pinetorum 541 ORTHOCARPUS 533 attenuatus 533 bracteosus 535 castilleoides 534 cuspidatus 534 erianthus 536 hispidus 536 imbricatus 535 lacerus 536 ‘lithospermoides 536 luteus 535 purpurascens 534 pusillus 536 tenuifolius 534 Tolmiei OSMARONIA cerasiformis OSMORHIZA nuda OXALIDACEAE OXALIS Oregana Suksdorfii trilliifolia OXYCOCCUS palustris Var. intermedium OXYRIA digyna OXY THECA dendroidea OXYTROPIS viscida PACHYLOPHUS Nuttallia PAEKONIA Brownii PACHYSTIMA Myrsinites PANICACEAE PANICUM capilare - Crus-galli dichotomum pubescens sSanguinale Scoparium Scribnerianum PAPAVERACEAE PANICULARIA Americana borealis fluitans nervata pallida paucifilora PARIETARIA debilis Pennsylvanica PARNASSIA Californica fimbriata PARRYA Menziesii PASPALUM distichum PASTINACA sativa PECTOCARYA penicillata pusilla setosa 535 162 162 266 265 109 109 110 110 110 412 413 413 588 588 575 575 154 154 233 ' 233 26 27 112 112 718 718 719 720 719 719 719 719 719 31 752 753 753 753 753 753 753 603 603 603 204 205 205 38 38 718 718 250 250 477 478 478 478 INDEX PELTIPHYLLUM peltatum ' PENTSTHEMON acuminatus Adamsianus attenuatus azureus Barrettae Cardwellii confertus Var. globosus Cusickii deustus Davidsonii _ Dayanus — Douglasii diffusus Gairdneri Var. hians glaber glandulosus gracilentus . heterophyllus humilis Kingii laricifolius Lewisii Lyallii Menziesii miser Oreganus paniculatus procerus pruinosus pulchellus ovatus Rattani Var. minor Richardsoni Roezli rupicola Scouleri stenosepalus triphyllus venustus Whitedii PENTACAENA ramosissima PERAPHYLLUM ramosissimum PERAMIUM Menziesii PEDICULARIS bracteosa contorta densiflora Groenlandica Howellii 190 _ 190 509 512 511 513 516 511 510 513 513 516 514 510 511 510 515 514 514 511 515 516 517 513 516 615 509 510 509 512 515 513 513 512 513 512 514 514 515 516 510 510 , 514 516 515 512 $9 89 165 165 630 630 537 539 538 539 538 538 Menziesii ornithorhyncha parvifiora racemosa PETALOSTEMON ornatus PETASITES nivalis palmata sagittata . PEUCEDANUM ambiguum — Var. leptocarpum bicolor Brandegei Canbyi circumdatum Cous Cusickii Donnellii eurycarpum evittatum farinosum Geyeri Gormani Grayi Hallii Hendersoni Howellii laevigatum leiocarpum macrocarpum Martindalei Var. angustatum microcarpum . Nevadense Nuttallii Oreganum Sandbergii simplex Suksdorfii triternatum Var.macrocarpum Var. brevifolium Var. alatum utriculatum villosum Watsoni PHACELIA bicolor Bolanderi ciliata Franklinii heterophylla humilis Ivesiana leucophylla malvaeflora 537 538 142 368 369 251 253 257 252 253 i ee. Menziesii mutabilis nemoralis - Pringlei procera ramosissima. . Rattani sericea verna virgata PHALARIS amethystina arundinaceae Canariensis Caroliniana PHELLOPTERUS littoralis PHLOX adsurgens caespitosa diffusa Douglasii Var. andicola Hoodiu linearifolia longifolia speciosa Var. Sabini Stansburyi PHILADELPHUS Lewisii PHILOTRIA Canadensis PHLEUM pratense alpinum PHORADENDRON juniperinum Libocedri ‘villosum PHRAGMITES communis PHYLLODOCE glandulifiora PHYLLOSPADIX Scouleri PHYSARIA didymocarpa Geyeri Oregona PHYSOSTEGIA parviflora PHYSALIS ixocarpa lanceolata pruinosus PHY TOLAC- 470 467 467 467 469 469 468 470 470 468 721 721 721 721 721 259 259 450 452 451 451 451 451 451 453 452 +452 452 452 205 206 670 670 740 740 740 608 608 608 608 747 747 419 419 672 672 52 52 52 52 556 557 498 498 498 INDEX CACEAE PHYTOLACCA decandra PICEA Breweriana Engelmanni Sitchensis PIMPINELLA apiodora Var. nudicaulis PINACEAE PINGUICULA vulgaris PINUS albicaulis attenuata contortta flexilis Jeffreyi Lambertiana monticola Murrayana ponderosa PIPTOCALYX circumsc¢issus PLEUROPOGON refractum Californicum PLAGIOBOTHRYS asper campestris . canescens colorans hispidus nothofulvus Shastensis tenellus- PLANTAGIN-. ACEAE PLANTAGO Asiatica aristata Bigelovii elongata eriopoda macrocarpa major maritima lanceolata Purshii spinulosa tetrantha PLATYSTEMON Californica PLATYSPERMUM scapigerum 498 PLATYSTIGMA lineare 588 588 589 789 789 789 790 264 264 265 782 544 544 790 791 792 792 791 791 790 791 792 , 491 483 483 754, 755 755 483 484 484 » 485 485 485 485 485 32 Oreganum PLECTRITIS anomala aphanoptera congesta macrocera samolifolia PLEURISCOS- PORA fimbriolata longipetala PNEUMARIA maritima POACEAE POA acutiglumis annua argentea Bolanderi Buckleyana Var. stenophylla Canbyi_ . compressa confinis Cusickii epilis Fendleriana flava glauca gracillima Howeilii Idahoensis incurva invaginata Kelloggii laevigata laxa Leckenbyi Leibergii Lettermani longiligula lucida macrantha nemoralis nervosa Nevadensis occidentalis pratensis Pringlei purpurascens reflexa Sandbergii saxatilis subaristata Suksdorfli Vaseyochloa Wheeleri 32 POGOGYNE Douglasii POLEMONIACEAE POLEMONIUM amoenum carneum confertum elegans . foliosissimum humile luteum micrantha occidentale pectinatum pulchellum POLYGALEAE POLYGALA Californica POLYGONACEAE POLYGONUM alpinum Var. foliosum Var. Alaskanum amphibium Austinae aviculare bistortoides Californicum convolvyulus Davisiae Douglasii dumetorum Engelmanni erectum Greenei Hartwrightii Howellii Hydropiper hydropiperoides Kelloggii Japathifolium Var. incanum lineare littorale majus minimum montanum Muhlenbergii Newberryi nodosum Nuttallii paronychia Parryi Pennsylvanicum Persicaria phytolaccaefolium polygaloides ramosissimum Sawatchense 551 449 461 A63 462 463 461 462 461 463 461 462 462 462 72 73 73 567 576 577 577 578 578 583 581 577 584 585 578 582 585 582 581 584 579 582 580 580 583 579 579 583 581 583 581 582 579 578 579 583 — 580 584 579 580 578 584 582 582 INDEX Shastensis 581 spergulariae- forme 583 viviparum 577 Watsoni 584 POLYPOGON 724 littoralis 725 Monspeliensis 724 POMAL SAE 163 PON TEDER- IACEAE 666 POPULUS 622 alba 622 angustifolia 622 balsamifera 622 deltoides 623 tremuloides 623 trichocarpa. 622 PORTULACACEAE 90 PORTULACA 50 oleracea 91 POTAMOGETON 674 alpinus 674 amplifolius 674 foliosus 676 Var. Californicus 676 heterophyllus 675 lonchites 675 natans 674 Nuttalli 674 pectinatus 676 perfoliatus 675 Var. Richardsonii 675 praelongus 675 pulcher 674 pusillus 676 Robbinsii 676 zosteraefolius 675 POTENTILLA 175 Anserina 1793 brevifolia 178 ciliata 175 Drummondii 177 fissa 176 flabelliformis 178 flabellifolia 178 fruticosa 179 gracilis 178 glandulosa 176 -glutinosa 175 lateriflora 177 millegrana 177 Monspeliensis 176 Newberryi 177 Pacifica reflexa rhomboidea rivalis villosa Wrangelliana PRIMULACEAE PRIMULA Broadheadae Var. minor Cusickiana PROSARTES PRUNUS Oregana subcordata PSEUDOCYMOP- TERUS anisatus PSEUDOTSUGA Douglasii PSORALEA lanceolata. melilotoides phvysodes Purshii PSILOCARPHUS brevissimus elatior tenellus Oreganus PSILONEMA calycinum PTEROSPORA Andromedea PTEROSTEGIA drymarioides PTILOVCALAIS major nutans PTILORIA paniculata exigua tenuifolia virgata PUCCINELLIA angustata distans Lemmoni maritima PYROLACEAE PYROLA aphylla Var. paucifolia bracteata chlorantha elliptica minor picta SS SS rs. eC i) sae) at rotundifolia 425 Var. incarnata 425 secunda 424 PYRROCOMA 297 arguta 299 glomerata 299 carthamoides 298 congesta 299 Cusickii 298 Hallii 299 hirta 299 Howellii 299 lanceolata 299 paniculata 298 racemosa 298 radiata 298 tenuicaulis 300 QUERCUS 610 . chrysolepis 611 densiflora 612 Garryana 610 Jacobi 610 Kelloggii 611 OErstediana 611 Sadleriana 611 . vaccinifolia 611 RAFINESQUIA 403 Californica 403 RAILLARDELLA 371 argentea 372 Pringlei 372 RAINIERIA 369 stricta 370 RANUNCULACEAE 7 RANUNCULUS~ 7, 13 alismellus 15 Bolanderi 15 Californicus 18 cardiophyllus ciliosus 17 Cymbalaria 14 delphinifolius 14 digitatus 16 Douglasii 18 ellipticus 15 Hiseni 17 eremogenes 17 Eschscholtzii 16 eximius 16 glaberrimus 15 Gormani 15 Greenei 18 Howellii 17 limosus 14 Macounii -18 maximus 19 microlonchus 14 muricatus 19 INDEX occidentalis Oreganus orthorhynchus parviflorus Pennsylvanicus Populago Rattani repens reptans samolifolius septentrionalis Suksdorfii triternatus Unalaschcensis RAPHANUS sativus RAZOUMOFSKYA | Americana Douglasii Var. abietinum occidentalis Var. abietinum robusta RHAMNACEAE RHAMNUS alnifolia Californicus occidentalis Purshiana RHINANTHUS Crista-Galli RHODODENDRON Californicum macrophyllum RHUS diversiloba glabra Toxicodendron trilobata RIBESACEAE RIBES ambiguum amictum aureum bracteosum cereum ciliosum cognatum divaricatum erythrocarpum gracile Hudsonianum | lacustre laxiflorum Lobbii crispus hesperius obtusifolius 609 609 609 609 609 609 609 112 112 112 113 113 113 539 539 427 422 422 118 119 118 118 119 206 207 210 211 207 209 208 208 210 210 208 210 209 209 208 211 587 587 587 Marshallii Menziesii molle montanum oxyacanthoides sanguineum tenuiflorum velutinum viscosissimum RIGIOPAPPUS leptocladus ROMANZOFFIA Sitchensis ROSACEAE ROSA blanda Californica Fendleri gymnocarpa Nutkana pisocarpa spithamaea rubiginosa RORIPA Columbiae curvisiliqua lyrata Pacifica palustris polymorpha sinuata sphaerocarpa tenerrima RUPPIA maritima RUBIACEAE RUBUS arcticus lasiococcus leucodermis nivalis paroifiorus pedatus spectabilis Var. Menziesii strigosus ursinus RUDBECKIA — Callifornica occidentalis RUMEX acetosa acetosella confinis conglomeratus occidentalis paucifolius persicarioides 211 211 209 210 210 208 207 210 207 356 357 472 472 166 168 168 169 169 168 169 170 pulcher salicifolius venosus RYNCHOSPORA alba SALICACEAE SALIX amygdaloides argophylla Barclayi bella congesta cordata Var. angustata Var, Mackenziana exigua Fendleriana fluviatilis Var. tenerrima Geyeriana glaucops glauca var. villosa Hookeriana lasiandra lasiolepis Lemmoni macrostacha myrtilloides nigra pellita petrophila rostrata saximontana Scouleriana sessilifolia Sitchensis tenera vestita SAGITTARIA arifolia Var. stricta cuneata esculenta SALICORNIA ambigua herbacea SALSOLA tragus SAMBUCUS arborescens glauca leiosperma melanocarpa pubens SAMOLUS floribundus SANICULA arctopoides ' 587 687 586 694 694 616 616 617 618° 620 619 617 620 620 620 618 617 618 618 619 621 621 619 617 620 621 619 620 617 621 621 619 . 622 619 618 620 621 622 678 678 ° 679° 679 679 597 598 ‘598 599 599 279 279 279 279 279 279 438 438 263 263 INDEX Ss ae Ms lacustris pinnatifida ; Howellii Pl i a laciniata 264 Bberocarpus Menziesii 263 nanus Nevadensis 264 Nevadensis SANGUISORBA 170 Olneyi ona ao pauciflorus officinalis 170 +‘iparius Sitchensis 170 robustus Se ee ey aaa: 607 subterminalis ele bag ue SCORZONELLA Vaccaria 5 Bolander i SARCOBATUS ME tibet: vermiculatus 598 laciniata SARCODES aug, Reena: sanguinea 428 Teo SARRACENIACEABE 30 SAUSSUREA 6 on Americana 3 SAXIFRAGACEAR is3 SCROPHULART- SAXIFRAGA 199. . BOBAB bronchialis 190 SCROPHULARIA caespitosa 191 Californica Californica 193 © Marylandica cherlerioides 191 occidentalis claytoniaefolia 193 SCRIBNERIA fragosa 192 Bolanderi Howellii 195 SCUTELLARIA integrifolia 193 angustifolia Lyallii 191 antirrhinoides Var. laxa 192 galericulata Marshalii 192 lateriflora Mertensiana 193°, . BARS nidifica 193 siphocampyloides Nutkana 194) . tepercse Nuttallii 195 SEDUM occidentalis 194 . ciliosum Oregana 194 debile parvifolia 194 divaricatum plantaginea 193 divergens reflexa 194 Douglasii Tolmaei 199 Oreganum tricuspidata 191 pumilum SAXIFRAGOPSIS 195 Rhodiola fragarioides 195 spathulifolium SCHEUCHZER pity rbsatien! <7 -. uniflorum IACEAE yi be SELINUM SCHEUCHZERIA _ 677 Benthami palustris 677 capitellatum SCHOENOCRAMBE 57 Dawsoni linifolia 57 Hookeri SCIRPUS 689 Kingii Americanus 699 SENECIO atrovirens 691 sahona criniger 691 Balsamitae 690 691 690 689 689 690 689 689 690 689 391 392 392 391 392 391 391 660 660 500 508 508 508 508 773 773 554. 555 555 555 _ 555 555 559 555 212 214 213 213 213 213 213 214 212 213 214 . 213 248 249 248 249 249 249 S74 379 378 378 Oe ee LS =a eS Bolanderi Columbianus condensatus cordatus elongatus exaltatus fastigiatus foetidus Fremontii Gibbonsii hesperis hydrophyllus megacephalus occidentalis Oreganus Purshianus serra Var. lus streptanthifolius subnudus subvestitus triangularis valerianella vulgaris SEQUOIA sempervirens SERICOCARPUS Oregonensis rigidus SHEPHERDIA argentea Canadensis SIBBALDIA procumbens SIDA hederacea - SIDALCEA campestris glaucescens Hendersoni malvaefiora Oregana spicata virgata SILENE acaulis antirrhina Californica campanulata Columbiana Douglasii Gallica Gormani Greenii Hookeri longistylis Lyallii integriuscu- INDEX Macounii macrocalyx Menziesii monantha montana multicaule Oregana scaposa Scouleri Spauldingii Suksdorfii SILYBUM Marianum SISYRINCHIUM angustifolium bellum Californicum grandiflorum Idahoense occidentale sarmentosa segetum septentrionale SITANION Brodiei elymoides flexuosum glaber Leckenbyi villosum SIUM. cicutaefolium SMELOWSKIA calycina Fremonti SMILACINA amplexicaulis racemosa sessilifolia stellata SMILACEAE SMILAX Californica SOLANACEAE SOLANUM ‘nigrum sisymbrifolium triflorum umbelliferum villosum SOLIDAGO Californica confertiflora elongata hesperius Missouriensis serotina Tolmieana SOLIVA sessilis SONCHUS asper oleraceus SOPHIA Hartwegiara longipedicellata incisa pinnata SORBUS occidentalis sambucifolia SPARGANIUM androcladum eurycarpum simplex minimum Var. angustifol- ium SPARTINA cynosuroides gracilis SPECULARIA SPERGULA ‘arvensis SPHAEROSTIGMA alyssoides andinum Boothii contorta Var. pubens Var. Greenei Hilgardi spirale SPHAERALCEA acerifolia leptosepala Munroana SPIRANTHES SPIRODELA polyrhiza SPIRAEA arbuscula caespitosa Douglasii lucida Menziesii pyramidata SPOROBOLUS airoides asperifolius Bolanderi confusus cryptandrus filiformis 362 363 404 405 405 gracillimus simplex SPRAGUEA multiceps umbellata STANLEYA confertiflora viridiflora STACHYS bullata Chamissonis ciliata Var. pubens Emersoni palustris pycnantha vestita STEIRONEMA ciliatum laevigatum STENANTHELLA occidentalis STENOTUS acaulis Brandegei lanuginosus Lyallii stenophyllus STENOPHYLLUS Capillaris 3TEPHANOMERIA STREPTOPUS amplexifolius brevipes roseus STIPA Bloomeri comata Kingii Lemmoni minor occidentalis Oregonensis setigera viridula STREPTANTHUS glandulosus Howellii longirostris orbiculatus STYLOCLINE filaginea SUAEDA SUBULARIA aquatica SULLIVANTIA Oregana SWERTIA INDEX obtusa 447 SYMPHORICAR- POS 280 acutus 281 occidentalis 281 oreophilus 281 paucifiorus 281 racemosus 281 rotundifolius 281 SYNTHYRIS 524 major 525 pinnatifida 525 reniformis |. 525 rotundifolia 525 rubra 526 TAENIOPLEURUM 263 Howellii 269 TALINUM 93 spinescens 93 TANACETUM 363 canum 364 Huronense 364 potentilloides 364 vulgare 363 TARAXACUM 403 officinale 403 TARAXIA 231 gracilliflora 231 heterantha 231 longifiora 231 ovata 231 TAXACEAE 781 TAXUS 781 brevifolia 781 TETRADY MIA 370 canescens 371 glabrata 371 Nuttallii 371 spinosa 371 TELLIMA 198 grandiflora 199 odorata 199 racemosa 199 TEUCRIUM 547 occidentale 547 THALESIA 541 fasciculata 542 purpurea 542 uniflora 542 THALICTRUM 1; Aa Fendleri 11 polycarpum 11 occidentale 12 sparsiflorum 11 venulosum 11 THASPIUM 259 aureum 259 Var. trifoliatum 259 Var.involucratum 259 THELYPODIUM q eucosmum 56 flexuosum 58 Howellii 58 integrifolium 58 laciniatum 58 lasiophylum 59° Nuttallii 58 THERMOPSIS. 121 argentata 122 gracilis 122 montana 122 robusta 122 THLASPI 64 alpestre 65 THUJA 785 plicata 785 THYSANOCARPUS 65 curvipes 66 radians 66 TIARELLA 202 laciniata 202 trifoliata 202 unfoliata 202 TILLAEA 212 angustifolia 212 minima 212 TISSA 88 diandra 3d macrothecum 88 salina §38 rubra 89 TOFIELDIA 664 glutinosa 665 intermedia 665 occidentalis 665 TONELLA 507 collinsioides 507 floribunda 507 TOWNSENDIA 305 fiorifer 306 Parryi 306 TRAGOPOGON 389 porrifolius 389 TRAUTVETTERIA, 12 grandis 13 TRIENTALIS 436 arctica 436 latifolia 436 TRituULivM 132 albopurpureum 133 altissimum 134 Beckwithii 134 Breweri 185 ciliolatum 135 cyathiferum 137 denauperatum 138 eriocephalum fimbriatum fucatum Hallii Harneyensis heterodon Howellii Kingii longipes Var. latifolium megacephalum microdon microcephalum obtusiflorum oliganthum Oreganum Plummerae plumosum pratense _ procumbens Tepens spinulosum tridentatum variegatum TRiCHOSTEMA lanceolatum laxum oblongum TRIGLOCHIN maritima palustris TRILLIUM chloropetalum ovatum petiolatum rivale . TRISETUM barbatum canescens cernuum subspicatum Var. molle TROLLIUS laxus TROXIMON TSUGA heterophylla Mertensiana TUBULIFLORAE TYPHACEAE TYPHA angustifolia latifolia ULEX Europaeus ULMACEAE UMBELLIFERAE UMBELLULARIA INDEX Californica UNIFOLIUM dilatatum UROPAPPUS linearifolius macrochaetus URTICACEAE URTICA Breweri gracilis holosericea Lyallii UTRICULARIA intermedia minor occidentalis vulgaris VACCINIACEAE VACCINIUM arbuscula Alaskaensis caespitosum Var. cuneifolium membranaceum Var. rigidum microphyllum Myrtillus occidentale ovalifolium ovatum parvifolium uliginosum Var. mucronatum Vitis-Idaea VAGNERA VALERIANACEAE VALERIANA Columbiana edulis Sitchensis sylvatica VALERIANELLA olitoria VALLISNER TACEAE VANCOUVERIA hexandra chrysantha VELAEA Howellii Kelloggii VERBASCUM Blattaria Thapsus VERATRUM Californicum caudatum viride 600 657 657 392 392 392 602 602 602 603. 602 603 543 544 543 543 543 410 410 411 412 411 411 411 411 411 411 411 412 412 412 411 411 412 656 286 287 287 287 287 287 289 289 670 28 28 28 267 267 267 503 503 503 662 663 663 662 VERBENACEAE VERBENA bracteosa hastata prostrata VERONICA Alleni Americana avensis Cusickii peregrina scutellata serpyllifolia Wormskioldii VIBURNACEAE VIBURNUM ellipticum Opulus pauciflorum VICIA Americana Californica exigua gigantea hirsuta sativa semicincta truncata VIOLACEAE VIOLA adunca Beckwithii blanda Brooksii Canadensis cognata cuneata Douglasii glabella Hallii Howellii Langsdorfii lobata Macloskeyi Nuttallii occidentalis ocellata orbiculata palustris praemorsa puberula purpurea sarmentosa Sheltoni trinervata VITACHKAE VITIS.. - Californica 69 115 116 WHIPPLEA modesta WYETHIA amplexicaulis helianthoides lanceolata robusta XANTHIUM Canadense strumarium spinosum XYLOSTEON conjugialis INDEX involucratum Ledebourii Utahensis villosum ZANNICHELLIA palustris XEROPHYLLUM Douglasii tenax ZIZIA cordata 282 ZOSTERA 282 latifolia 282 marina 28 673 ZYGADENUS elegans 673 Douglasii 666 gramineus 666 intermedius 666 paniculatus i venenosus * al agi} 4 ey. er ee > ey : is Te: re VN erg §E% Nae SANS Oy eae pia Fal se . x we A rf, Vite se + ety b : PLEASE DO NOT REMOVE CARDS OR SLIPS FROM THIS POCKET UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO LIBRARY BioMed oe ee os oe = (SS Hos 9 Cait nn em pe eee pce sbieses[tetehs Prebenit es erseesGe are tet itmed - rw bes > yarn vate Sy TRS Sats IS EE Raat ye Se rete eee e tes i theley oy De eee ene et ete ewe = games, ceesrotas Pleced BGP ri see -v Doteelelelesebrt celal iets: Poeted og hele hee pee ¢ 8 ras seereg 160 Se eet Tt : $ I rarer te peed -s re lel ermrevoneied grey teh . 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