UNIVERSITY Oh ILLINOIS LIBRARY AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN NATURAL HIST 8URV[ FIELDIANA Botany FLORA OF PERU ) COLLABORATORS ADDITIONS TO TRIBE VERNONIEAE (COMPOSITAE): I MICHAEL O. DILLON Publication FLORA OF PERU ADDITIONS TO TRIBE VERNONIEAE (COMPOSITAE): I FIELDIANA Botany Published by Field Museum of Natural History New Series, No. 11 FLORA OF PERU J. FRANCIS MACBRIDE AND COLLABORATORS ADDITIONS TO TRIBE VERNONIEAE (COMPOSITAE): I MICHAEL O. DILLON Assistant Curator Department of Botany Field Museum of Natural History Accepted for publication March 31, 1982 September 24, 1982 Publication 1336 Library of Congress Catalog Card No.: 80-66384 ISSN 0015-0746 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA CONTENTS Additions to Tribe Vernonieae (Compositae) 1 Pacourina 1 1 . Pacourina edulis 2 Stilpnopappus 2 1 . Stilpnopappus aquaticus 4 Trichospira 4 1. Trichospira verticillata 6 Acknowledgment 7 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 1. Pacourina edulis 3 2. Stilpnopappus aquaticus 5 3. Trichospira verticillata 6 Additions to the Tribe VERNONIEAE (Compositae) Since the recent treatment of the tribe Vernonieae (Compositae) by Samuel B. Jones (1980), three genera new to Peru have surfaced from recent collections. All have previously been reported from adjacent countries (e.g., Brazil), and con- tinued botanical exploration in poorly known Amazonian Peru will undoubt- edly yield further additions. REFERENCE JONES, SAMUEL B. 1980. Family Compositae: Part I. Tribe Vernonieae. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 5:22-73. Pacourina Aubl., Hist. PI. Guiane 2: 800. 1775. TYPE: P. edulis Aubl. Pacourinopsis Cass., Bull. Soc. Philom. 1817: 151. 1817. LECTOTYPE:1 P. dentata Cass., nom. illeg. = Pacourina edulis Aubl. Erect, aquatic herbs; glabrous. Leaves alternate, amplexicaul or decurrent on the petiole, the blades spinose-dentate to repand-dentate. Inflorescences of solitary capitula in upper leaf axils or opposite the leaves. Capitula discoid, homogamous; involucres hemispheric to depressed-globose; phyllaries multiseriate, imbricate, the margins scari- ous, apically spinulose; receptacles flat, epaleate; florets hermaphroditic, the corollas white to pale purple, tubular, actinomorphic, the tube slender, basally dilated , the limb narrow, 5-lobed; anthers basally sagittate, the auricles subobtuse, the terminal append- ages acute, the style branches linear, subulate, hirtellous. Achenes cylindrical-fusiform, 10-ribbed, glandular; pappus 2-serate, the outer bristles caducous, the inner coroniform entire or denticulate, caducous. This genus is monotypic and ranges from the West Indies (Dominican Re- public) and Central America (Guatemala, Nicaragua) to tropical and subtropical South America (Colombia, Ecuador, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, and Argentina). This study was assisted by National Science Foundation Grant DEB-78-05078 (Alwyn H. Gentry, principal investigator). 'Pfeiffer (Nom. 2: 565. 1874) designated Pacourina cirsiifolia H.B.K. (Nov. Gen. Sp. PI. 4: 24. ed. fol. 1818) the type, it being the basionym of Pacourinopsis dentata Cass., and also placed the genus in synonymy under Pacourina. FIELDIANA: BOTANY 1. Pacourina edulis Aubl., Hist. PI. Guiane 2: 800. 1775. TYPE: French Guiana, near Kourou, Aublet s.n. (?BM, not seen). Pacourina cirsiifolia H. B. K., Nov. Gen. Sp. PI. 4: 24. ed. fol. 1818. TYPE: Ecuador, Guayas, "crescit in humidis prope Guayaquil Quitemsium," Humboldt & Bonpland 3839 (P, holotype, not seen, IDC Microfiche 6209. 91: I. 5). Pacourinopsis dentata Cass., Diet. Sci. Nat. 37: 212. 1825. TYPE: based upon Pacourina cirsiifolia H. B. K. Pacourinopsis integrifolia Cass., Diet. Sci. Nat. 37: 212. 1825. TYPE: French Guiana, near Cayenne, Martin (FI or P, not seen). Pacourina edulis Aubl. var. spinosissima Britton, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 7: 132. 1893. TYPE: Paraguay, Asuncion, Morong 224 (NY, holotype, not seen). Erect, aquatic herbs to 2 m tall; stems unbranched, hollow, striate, 1-3 cm in diameter at the base. Leaves broadly to narrowly oblong-elliptic, 10-20(-25) cm long, 1-5 cm wide, the margins subentire or remotely repand-dentate, the teeth spinulose, apically attenuate, basally narrowed into a broad, petioliform base, 2-3 cm long, asperous and glandular- punctate above, glabrous and glandular-punctate below. Capitula solitary in the upper leaf axils or opposite the leaves, sessile, 1-2 cm high, 1-2 cm wide; phyllaries multiseriate, narrowly ovate to broadly ovate-oblong, 7-20 mm long, 6-8 mm wide, apically dilated, squarrose, spinulose, glandular, the margins scarious; corollas ca. 11 mm long, the lobes 4-5 mm long, the anthers ca. 6.5 mm long, the style branches 6-7 mm long. Achenes 8-10 mm long, 1.5-2.0 mm wide; pappus 2-seriate, the outer bristles 2-3 mm long, the inner corona ca. 0.3 mm high. This species inhabits aquatic to semi-aquatic sites associated with rivers and lakes. While it appears rare in Peru, it is widely distributed throughout tropical and subtropical South America. This taxon is readily distinguished from all other Peruvian Vernonieae by its large capitula, with broad spinulose-tipped phyllaries, and large achenes (greater than 2x the length of other Vernonieae). The present collection has narrow leaves that lack the pronounced spine- tipped teeth common to material examined from Central America and northern South America. MADRE DE DIGS. Tambopata: ca. 30 air km or 70-80 river km SSW of Puerto Maldonado at effluence of Rio La Torre (Rio D'Orbigny)/Rio Tambopata (SE bank); Tambopata Nature Reserve; tropical moist forest, ca. 260 m, Barbour4866 (F, MO). Stilpnopappus Martius ex DC., Prodr. 5: 75. 1836. LECTOTYPE (here desig- nated): S. trichospiroides Mart, ex DC. Annual or perennial herbs. Leaves alternate, linear or linear-lanceolate to ovate, sessile or petiolate, usually entire or remotely denticulate, usually glabrate above, pubescent to tomentose below. Inflorescences spicate, racemose, corymbose, or solitary; sessile or pedunculate. Capitula discoid, homogamous, 6-50 florets; involucres campanulate or turpinate to subhemispheric; phyllaries multiseriate, imbricate, subherbaceous, the mar- gins densely ciliolate, apically spinulose; receptacles flat, alveolate, epaleate; florets her- maphroditic, the corollas actinomorphic, red to white, the tube slender, the limb narrow, 5-lobed; anthers basally sagittate, the auricles obtuse, the terminal appendages acute, the style branches linear, subulate, hirtellous. Achenes narrowly obconical, truncate, 10- ribbed, densely villous, glandular; pappus 2-seriate, the outer squamaform, ciliolate, the inner of subulate bristles, usually longer, ciliolate. A genus of some 20 species, previously known from Brazil and Venezuela, usually occurring in cerrado or savanna habitats (500-1,200 m). The following species is somewhat unusual through its occurrence in moist, lowland sites in the Amazonian basin. FIG. 1. Pacourina edulis. A, habit; B, achene. (From Barbour 4866, F.) 4 FIELDIANA: BOTANY 1. Stilpnopappus aquaticus (Poepp. & Endl.) Dillon, comb. nov. Xiphochaeta aquatica Poepp. & Endl., Nov. Gen. Sp. PI. 3: 44, t. 250. 1843. TYPE: Brazil, Alto Amazonas, "in ripis paludosis sylvaticis fluminis Teffe," Poeppig 2811 (W, holotype, not seen; F, isotype). Stilpnopappus viridis Benth. ex Baker in Mart., Fl. Bras. 6: 137. 1873. TYPE: Brazil, Para, "ad cataractas fluv. Aripecuni," Spruce [554] (K, holotype, not seen; M, isotype, F photo). Annual herbs to 0.5 m tall, suberect, much-branched; stems puberulent. Leaves oblong to lance-oblong, 3-5 cm long, 1-2 cm wide, apically rounded to obtuse, basally cuneate, sparsely strigillose above, puberulent and punctate-glandular below, the margins entire or remotely denticulate; petiolate, 2-4 mm long, or sessile. Inflorescences of solitary capitula, opposite leaf axils, rarely in groups of 2-3, sessile. Capitula with ca. 30 florets, 3-4 mm high, 4-6 mm wide; involucres subhemispheric; phyllaries 3-4-seriate, the outer subulate to lanceolate, the inner lanceolate to oblanceolate, 1-4 mm long, pulose, glandu- lar; corollas white, 2.5-3.0 mm long, the lobes ca. 0.8 mm long, apically glandular. Achenes obconical, 1.5-2.0 mm long; pappus irregularly 2-seriate, the outer 0.4-0.8 mm long, the inner 1.5-2.0 mm long. This species was previously known from Venezuela and Brazil. It is usually found in open habitats at the margins of lowland rain-forest rivers. Stilpno- pappus aquaticus appears related to the Brazilian species S. pratensis Mart., but the latter species is readily distinguished by its linear-elliptic leaves with to- mentum beneath and red corollas. Within the genus, S. aquaticus is unique in lacking tomentum on the underside of the leaves, possessing white corollas, and occupying moist lowland habitats. LORETO. Maynas: lower Rio Itaya, near Iquitos, Davidson & Jones 9924 (F). Trichospira H.B.K., Nov. Gen. Sp. PL 4: 21. ed. fol. 1818. TYPE: T. methoides H.B.K. = T. verticillata (L.) Blake. Annual or perennial herbs, occasionally suffrutescent; stems erect or procumbent, often forming mats, much-branched, usually pubescent, glandular. Leaves alternate or the upper subopposite to opposite, sessile, often subariculate, the basal leaves petiolate, the blades punctate-glandular, sparsely sericeous to glabrate above, densely tomentose below, the margins of the cauline leaves crenate or dentate, the basal leaves deeply recnate or shallowly pinnatifid. Inflorescences of solitary or paired capitula, sessile in the axils of upper opposite to subopposite leaves. Capitula discoid, homogamous; involucres glomerulate; phyllaries weakly 1 -seriate, membranaceous-scarious, usually viscid api- cally, the inner ones longer, subtending the outer florets; receptacles flat; paleae mem- branaceous, narrow, flat; corollas tubular, actinomorphic, blue to purple, the tube slen- der, the limb narrowly campanulate, deeply 4-5-lobed, the lobes narrow, usually viscid; anthers basally sagittate, the auricles obtuse, the terminal appendages obtuse, the style branches linear, subulate, hirtellous. Achenes dorsally compressed or rarely triquetrous, oblong-cuneate to narrowly oblanceolate, apically truncate, 2-3-<-4)-costate, puberulent, glandular; pappus 2-comicuIate from the margins of the achene, sometimes with 3-5 small, intermediate comiculate squamellae. This genus is monotypic and ranges throughout Central America and tropical South America. REFERENCE ROBINSON, H., AND R. D. BRETTELL. 1973. Tribal revisions in the Asteraceae. II. The relationship of Trichospira. Phytologia 25: 259-261. 2cm FIG. 2. Stilpnopappus aquaticus. A, habit; B, capitulum. (From Davidson & ]ones 9924, F.) FIELDIANA: BOTANY 2cm B FIG. 3. Trichospira verticillata. A, habit; B, capitulum. (From Diaz et al. 655, F.) 1. Trichospira verticillata (L.) Blake, Torreya 15: 106. 1915. Bidens verticillata L., Sp. PI. 833. 1753. TYPE: Mexico, Veracruz, Houston s.n. (BM, not seen). Trichospira menthoides H.B.K., Nov. Gen. Sp. PI. 4: 21. 1918. TYPE: Venezuela, Barines, Rio Apure, Humboldt & Bonpland 810 (P, holotype, not seen, IDC Microfiche 6209. 91. 1.3). Trichospira biarista Less., Linnaea 4: 343. 1829. TYPE: Brazil, Sello (B, presumably de- stroyed, F, photo). Trichospira pulegium Mart, ex DC., Prodr. 5: 91. 1836. TYPE: Brazil, Rio Negro, Japura, Martins s.n. (M, not seen). Trichospira prieurei DC., Prodr. 5: 91. 1836. TYPE: French Guiana, Rio Ouessa, Leprieur 4 (G-DC, holotype, not seen IDC Microfiche 800. 786: I. 1; G-BOIS, isotype, not seen, fragment & photo F). Annual or perennial herbs. Cauline leaves obovate-oblong, (l-)2-5(-6) cm long, 0.5- 2.5(-3.0) mm wide, apically obtuse to rounded, basally cuneate or dilated and sub- amplexicaul. Capitula 4-5 mm high, 3-4 mm wide; phyllaries 2.5-3.5 mm long, 0.5-0.7 mm wide, lanceolate to oblong, apically acute to rounded, villose, glandular, reddish; paleae oblong, ca. 3.5 mm long, 0.5 mm wide, apically rounded to truncate, villous, glandular, reddish; florets ca. 10, the corollas 1.5-2.0 mm long, blue to purple, the tube ca. MACBRIDE: FLORA OF PERU 7 0.7 mm long, the limb ca. 1 mm long, the lobes glandular apically. Achenes 2.5-3.0(-4.0) mm long, densely puberulous; pappus 2-comiculate, 2.0-2.5 mm long, the comiculate squamellae 0.2-0.4 mm long. This species is quite common, being widely distributed throughout northern South America. Its subopposite to opposite leaves in the region of the in- florescence, and bicomiculate pappus serve to distinguish this taxon from all other Peruvian Vernonieae. These two characters have caused some confusion concerning the tribal placement of this taxon; however, its position within the Vernonieae seems appropriate (Robinson & Brettell, 1973). LORETO. Maynas: Rio Itaya, 10 min arriba de San Juan de Muniches, margen izquierda, Diaz et al. 655 (F, MO). ACKNOWLEDGMENT Figures were prepared by Marlene Werner, Department of Exhibition, Field Museum of Natural History. 1 TUMBES 2 PIURA 3 CAJAMARCA 4 AMAZONAS 5 LORETO 6 SAN MARTIN 7 LAMBAYEOUE 8 LA LIBERTAD 9 ANCASH 10 HUANUCO 1 1 LIMA 12 PASCO 13 JUNIN 14 HUANCAVELICA 15 ICA 16 AYACUCHO 17 APURIMAC 18 CUZCO 19 MADRE DE OIOS 20 AREOUIPA 21 PUNO 22 MOOUEGUA 23 TACNA 100 200 300 281 5/99 3225R UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS-URBANA 30112028176037 Field Museum of Natural History velt Road at Lake Shore Drive Chicago, Illinois 60605-2496 Telephone: (3 1 2) 922-94 1 0 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS-URBANA