UC-NRLF fl •f.1 H Hi . '? ^ 1 % iHefci: ^ :N .'tfc k^'^^fik. s 1^ >;%v : ^ * \- ~\ v~ ^ f&& *%&$& Bfk • JL! GIFT OF T.S.Br ancle gee &*^~ ' THE FLORA OF SOUTHWESTERN COLORADO. BY T. S. BRAXDEGEE. Attached to the division of the San Juan as assistant topographer, as much time as possible was given to the botany of the country through which our work obliged us to pass. Under such circumstances, it was impossible to make a complete botanical collection of the district given to our division ; therefore no plants were gathered excepting such as seemed to be additions to the flora of Colorado, as published by the Survey in Miscellaneous Publications, Xo. 4. The collections and notes were almost all made while riding from one topographical station to another. Early in June we left Pueblo for Southwestern Colorado, via the Mosca Pass, over the Sangre de Cristo. The country was alive with innumer- able grasshoppers, busy eating every green thing excepting the leaves of Juniperus occidentaUs and the cactus-plants. Opuntia Missouriensis was in full bloom, and early in the morning, before the grasshoppers had breakfasted upon the newly-opened flowers, presented a magnificent sight. We rode over mile after mile of the Saint Charles and Huerfano Plains, now covered /with the red or yellow flowers of Opuntia Missouri- ensis. The mesas, variegated with the different-colored patches of this cactus, presented a striking contrast to their generally dry, barren ap- pearance. The thickets of Slicplierdia, aryentea on the banks of the Huerfano and its tributary streams, and the abundance of-Abronia fragrans upon the mesas, at once attract the attention of any one familiar with the flora of Northern Colorado. Up the eastern slope of the Sangre de Cristo we meet with Abies Douylasii, and at the very summit of the pass find a long-leaved tree of Abies concolor. Pinus flexilis, scattered here and there by its twisted branches, bears witness to the prevalent direction of the winds. Some fine old trees of Abies concolor grow along the little stream which runs down the pass, and near the base of the mountain descend into the habitat of Pinus edulis. A camp at the foot of the pass close to the dunes affords an opportunity for examining the vegetation about those mountains of drifting sand. Nothing, not even a blade of grass, grows upon them ; but along their base some Triticum repens, Thermopsis, Astragalus pictus, Psoralea, have a foothold. The willows continue along the creek until they are almost buried by the sand which has collected about them. From here to the Rio Grande, the dry level country is very uninteresting botauically. With the exception of the banks and alkaline flats of the lakes, for thirty or forty miles we pass through a Liliputian forest of Bigeloi'ia, Sarcolatus, and Atriplex. Beds of Heliotropium Curassai'icum, with their pretty white flowers now in full bloom, are scattered over the alkaline flats about the lakes. The sandy beaches of the lakes are the favorite habitat of Nasturtium sinuatum. In September, the banks of the streams were yellow with Bidens clirysantliemoides, and upon the surrounding plains Cleome Sonorce, with Aplopappus lanceolatus, grew in 604711 „* % abundance. These plants, so common about the lakes, were seen in no other place during our summer's explorations. Up the Rio Grande, as far as to fifteen miles above Del Norte, noth- ing of interest was noticed ; there we first meet with Berberis Fendleri, which, after we had crossed the main range, was found quite as plenty upon the western slope. Wagonwheel Gap, through which the waters of the Eio Grande have barely room to find their way, is a canon of magnificent beauty, and is very interesting botanically. Although only 8,000 feet above sea-level, Cryptogramme achrosticoides flourishes among the loose rock. On the face of the cliffs and among the debris at their base, a new Gilia, G. Brandegei, Gray, was found growing in abundance. But for its yellow flowers, it would have been passed by as Polemonium confertum, var. mellitum, which it almost exactly imitates in leaves and fragrant vis- cosity. At the head of Los Pinos Creek we leave the Bio Grande, cross the Sierra Madre, and come upon the western slope of the Kocky Mountains. The alpine and subalpine floras at this southern latitude are almost exactly the same as those of Northern Colorado. Pachystima Myrsinites and Erytlironium grandiflorum are very common, and Aquilegia Canadensis almost entirely takes the place of A. ccerulea. Among the common species of Senecio, Sedum, Pedicularis, &c., but two additions to the flora of Colorado were noticed : Arenaria saxosa of New Mexico and Corydalis Casea na of the Sierra Nevada. To find these plants growing with species of so northern a habitat as Calypso borealis, Lister a cor data, and Aspidium Filix-mas was very interesting. The Corydalis prefers the banks of the little mountain-streams and cold springs in the shade of the for- ests of Abies Engdmanni and grandis. Here it reaches a height of 5 feet ; the finely-dissected leaves are 2 feet and more long, forming a very handsome foliage-plant, but its blue-tinged flowers lack clearness of color. In the valleys of the Los Pinos, Florida, and Animas, at about 7,000 feet altitude, the first Decided change appears in the flora. Plants not before known to exist in Colorado become common, and in some places form the greater part of the vegetation. Bushes of Fendlera rupicola 10 feet high grow upon the bluff-sides ; thickets of Peraphyllum ramosis- simum are very plenty, now full of its long-stemmed fruit called by the few white settlers wild crab-apple. Conspicuous among the plants which mark the change in the flora are Ehamnus Californicus, Hosackia, Yucca baccata. Southwestern Colorado, an extent of country of very different altitudes, and embracing within its limits various conditions of soil, moisture, &c., of course has a varied flora. The flora of the alpine and subalpine regions of the Sierra La Plata, the only high mountains in oar district, like that of the Piedra and Los Piuos Mountains, is similar to that of equal altitudes in Northern Colorado. To the alpine flora, the only addition is a bright-pink clover, named by Mr. Watson Irifolium Brandegei. The subalpiue flora compared with that of the eastern slope has a greater abundance of Rubus Nutkanus, Pyrus sambucifolia, Prosartes trachycarpa. The Mesa Yerde, a plain of two hundred square miles, raised nearly 1,000 feet above the surrounding country, is a prominent topographical feature of Southwestern Colorado. Its surface is per- fectly dry ; the showers from the La Plata Mountains rarely wet- ting it except upon the northern edge. Jumperus occidentalis covers almost the whole mesa, and it is to the abundance of this un- 229 graceful, bushy tree that the name Green Mesa is due. The pinon is scattered here and there, sometimes covering quite an area, especially where the sandstone does not reach the surface. Very rarely, upon a rocky ledge, is seen a solitary tree of Juniper us Virginiana. The trails over the Mesa Yerde, some of them evidently very old, generally cross the small parks and follow up openings in the juniper-forest. The sage- bush (Artemisia tridentata] covers these parks so thickly that they are almost impassable excepting by the narrow trail, so narrow that as we ride along the encroaching Artemisia is continually brushing against us. The yellow flowers of Helianthuspetiolaris and lenticularis, of Actinella Torreyana and EicTiardsonu , the delicate pink blossoms of Mamittana rivipara, the light blue of Pentstemon Unaroides, and the hooked spines of Echinocactus Whipplei sometimes are seen ; but, after having crossed the Mesa Yerde, one has the impression that its vegetation is all jumper and sage-brush. There is a great difference between the vegetation of the northern slope and caiions (altitude 8,000 feet) and that of the southern edge (altitude 6,000 feet), due mainly to the lower altitude and smaller rain-fall of the southern portion. The northern portion is covered with a luxuriant growth of Perapliyllum, Fendlera, Pursliia tridentata, Cercocarpus parvifoliu*, Amelanchier alnifolia, Quercus, and Yucca baccata, while the southern portion has only a growth of Purskia, Coicania, Epliedra, and Fraxinm anomala. The valley of the San Juan really comprises the whole extent of coun- try of the southwest explorations ; but as the term is applied to the habitat of plants of the collection, it is limited to a district north of the river about twenty miles wide. The San Juan River was followed from the mouth of the Rio La Plata (5,300 feet altitude) in Xew Mexico, along its course into Utah, twenty miles from the Colorado line (4.300 feet al- titude). All plants of the San Juan Yalley of New Mexico come into the limits of Colorado about the mouth of" the Mancos, where the San Juan barely touches the corner of Colorado. Some of the species seen only in Utah may not enter the limits of Colorado : but their number is small, less than a dozen. The San Juan Yalley is even drier than the Mesa Yerde ; the soil is perfectly dry close up to the water of the river. The bottom-lauds are generally less than one mile wide, and produce quite a growth of plants, which send their roots down in the earth to the level of the water of the river. The course of the Rio San Juan can be distinctly seen long before we reach its banks ; it is a line of green a mile wide and many miles in length, winding through the gray desert. Groves of large cotton wood are scattered along its course, and dense thickets of Slieplierdia argentea, Cratcegus cocciena, and Sa- Ux longifolia line its banks. The fragrance of the Bigelovias and other plants is noticeable at a distance of two or three miles ; and as we return in the evening after a ride over the dry, barren plains, the delight- ful odor filling the air announces the proximity of the river long before we reach it. The mesas of the San Juan Yalley are very barren of vegetation. The handsome Eriocoma cuspidata is sometimes plenty enough to afford a night?s pasturage for the mules, and, compared with the general scarcity of growth, Pleuraphis Jamesii often seems plenty. There are large^ areas with absolutely nothing growing upon them, and often, even along the streams, our day's journey would be lengthened four or five miles before grass could be found sufficient for a camping-place. The alkaline flats, abound in Ckenopodiaetttj mainly Sarcdbatus, Atriplex Suttallu and covfertifoUa. Where Mount Elmo and Moutezuma Creeks, dry streams from the north, come down to the San Juan, we find many interesting plants. Xo. 3 3 230 Symmetrical clamps of Calamagrostis longifolia 6 feet high, their large panicles bending gracefully outward, send their roots deep down into the dry sand. Rings of Mulileribergia pungens are scattered over the flats here and there. This grass spreads by underground stems, which grow continu- ally outward, the older inner part dying, and disappearing, leaving the bare sand surrounded by a circumference of living green. These cen- trifugal circles are sometimes 10 feet in diameter, with the interlaced purple panicles of the ring afoot wide. The rare Oxytenia acerosa, with Blgelovia Wrightii, Heliotropium convolvulaceum, Dicoria Brandegei, An- dropogon Torreyana, are some of the plants common in these dry rivers. When we ride up these rivers of sand, sometimes a bright, green cotton- wood, or Negundo, is met with, showing that water must be down deep somewhere. How they managed to exist before their roots reached moisture is an interesting question. El Late and Cariso, groups of low mountains about 9,000 feet in altitude, produce a flora similar to one another and very different from that of the plains from which they rise. Pinus edulis and Juniperus occidentalis cover Cariso, and grow nearly upon the summit of El Late. The characteristic vegetation is the same as that of the La Plata and Animas of the same altitude. Upon the eastern slope of the Kocky Mountains, in the valley of the Arkansas, the Cactacece, on account of their abundance and size, are a prominent part of the vegetation. It was expected^ that the southern latitude, low altitude, and dryness of Southwestern Colorado, with its proximity to the cactus region of Arizona, would be favorable to the growth of Cactacece, but the number of species is less than in the Ar- kansas Valley, and the number of plants is very small. Only two spe- cies to be added to the flora of Colorado make their appearance : an JEchinocactus and a Cylindropuntia. The Cylindropuntm is found at alti- tudes between 7,000 and 8,000 feet, and Echmocactm Wkipplei generally does not grow in the lowest altitudes, so that the country along the San Juan River has not a single additional species of cactus, and lacks very nearly all the species of the eastern slope. The great beds of Opuntia Missouriensis which cover the plains and parks of the eastern slope are not found in Southwestern Colorado ; neither Opuntia arborescens nor Cereus viridiflorns was seen, and no species is common. The genus Astragalus is represented by few species, and these are not very abundant. They grow almost wholly above 6,000 feet altitude. None of the species of Astragalus of Southwestern Colorado, with the exception of A. loncliocarpus, appear upon the eastern slope. Twelve leguminous plants were found which grow in Eastern Colorado, while not more than eight species common to the plains of both eastern and western slopes were seen. Few of the Leguminosce are very abundant. The shrubby Rosacece are in strong force and characteristic of the flora of Southwestern Colorado from high to low altitudes. The spe- cies common to both eastern and western slopes, the abundance of some which rarely grow upon the eastern slope, together with those species which here enter the limits of Colorado, give great prominence to the rosaceous shrubs. The genus Eriogonum is well represented in species, and the plants are very abundant, especially those of the annuals. Nine annual species grow in the San Juan Valley ; in the Arkansas Valley but three are found, and in Northern Colorado but one. At about 8,000 feet altitude, the common oak of Colorado is very abundant, growing upon the bluff-sides and becoming a small tree in moist locations. At lower altitudes, it is rarely seen, and is a small bush. 231 about two feet high, with small, somewhat sharply-lobed, leaves. The forms so common in the Greenhorn range, bearing small, nearly evergreen leaves, do not grow in Southwestern Colorado. The subalpine Coniferas of the southwestern slope are mainly Abies EiKjelmanni and gmnclis. These two species, either together or in forests of one alone, cover the western slope down to the altitude of Pimis ponderosa, 9,000 feet. Both species become large, magnificent trees. Abies Engelmanni is the only conifer found at timber-line, but A. grandis reaches very nearly to as high an altitude. Abies Menziesii is confined mainly to the vicinity of the water- courses between altitudes of 10,000 and 8,000 feet Abies Douglasii is not very common, and grows between altitudes of 9,000 and 7,000 feet, descending into the region of Pin us edulis and Juniperus occidentalis. Abies concolor was not seen upon the western slope, and not a tree of A. grandis could be found upon the eastern slope. The range of Abies concolor in Colorado is southward from the Ute Pass and Manitou (6,000 to 7,000 feet altitude) ; in the canons of the Greenhorn range, to the summit of Lucille Hill, Rosita, 1,000 feet, along the Sangre de Cristo and Eaton Mountains to Xew Mexico. Pinus ponderosa in South- western Colorado is abundant at 8,000 feet altitude, and its large trees will furnish a great amount of lumber. Pinus flexilis is not common ; it grows at an altitude of 8,500 feet with Pimis ponderosa, Abies grandis, 3Fenzi.es ii, Engelmanni, and Douglasii, all associated at this altitude. Pinns eduUs and Juniperus occidentals cover the mesas and mountains below 7,500 feet altitude. The piiiou often grows in company with Pimis ponderosa and Abies Douglasii, and in the Arkansas Valley grows above the lower altitudes of Abies concolor and llenziesii. Last year Juniperus occidentalis and Virginiana, Abies concolor, and Pimis ponde- rosa matured quantities of fruit, and probably the other Conifewe also did ; but this year, wishing to collect seeds, I was unable to find any, and am sure that the Conifers of Southern Colorado matured no fruit. Pimis edulis is said to fruit once in seven years, and it certainly some- times fruits in such abundance that the nuts are collected by the Mexi- cans in quantity. Southwestern Colorado having never been the residence of the white man, those plants which become introduced with eastern seeds have not yet made their appearance. Xanthium- stmmarhim has been probably introduced upon both eastern and western slopes. Upon the eastern slope it is said to have come from Texas with the importation of cattle, the burrs clinging to their hair and becoming everywhere distributed. Upon the western slope it perhaps was introduced from the south by the cattle, sheep, and goats of the Indians. It is not as common as upon the eastern slope, but will become so when farmers, like those of the eastern slope, begin to irrigate the laud. Xantliium must have a loca- tion where its roots can reach wet ground, and prefers the banks of irri- gation-ditches, where, in company with other troublesome plants, it is permitted to grow to perfection, and its seeds spread over the cultivated fields. The corn-fields of the band of Utes about El Late are not irri- gated and are free from introduced weeds, having very few of any sort. The corn is planted in hills without any regularity 5 the roots striking down to moisture soon, they are but slightly dependent upon showers from El Late. The most noticeable plants growing among the corn were Nicotiana attennata and Convolvulus sepium. The edges of the field pro- duced a fine growth of those species of HeUanthus which so rapidly in- crease in number with the irrigation and cultivation of the soil. Helian- tlius petio laris and lenticularis are now sparingly found in Southwestern 232 Colorado, but, when the valleys of the streams are cultivated, will be- come as plenty and as troublesome as upon the eastern slope. The vegetation of the valleys of Southwestern Colorado was free from the effects of irrigation, cultivation, and large herds of cattle and sheep, all of which rapidly produce great changes. As before mentioned, the flora of Southern and Southwestern Colo- rado above timber-line is nearly the same as the alpine floras of Cen- tral and Northern Colorado. From timber-line (11,000 to 12,000 feet altitude) down to 8,000 feet altitude, the effects of latitude and longi- tude are barely noticeable upon the flora. As we approach New Mexico, but very few plants of a more southern habitat appear, and very few of those common in Northern Colorado are absent. The western slope produces very few plants of a more western habitat until altitudes be- low 8,000 feet have been reached. Below this altitude are found the somewhat distinct floras of the different parts of Colorado. The flora below 8,000 feet, north of the divide between the Platte and Arkansas Eivers, is in greater part found southward in the parks and valleys along the base of the mountains. It contains the greater number of species of Astragalus, thirty species growing, where, upon an equal area southward and westward, not more than half a dozen can be found. As we cross the divide and come into the valley of the Arkansas, a dif- ference in the aspect of the vegetation is at once noticed. This is the cactus-center of Colorado. Mentzelia is magnificently represented by seven species. The Nyctaginacece are nearly as well developed as in /Southwestern Colorado, while Solanacece and Eupliorbiacece are much better represented. Many plants of southern habitat, as Zinnia, Melam- podiunij Ximenesia, Tricuspis, &c., become quite conspicuous, and many stragglers of the south here grow in their most northern location. San Luis Valley, an elevated plain (7,000 to 9,000 feet altitude), does not possess the different conditions necessary to the growth of an extensive flora. The alkaline flats produce an abundance of Chenopodiacece. Many interesting plants undoubtedly grow along the boundaries of the park and the edges of the mountains. Its southern portion on the Rio Grande (altitude 7,000) has, in a very limited degree, the appear- ance of a New Mexican flora. The number of the phreuogamous plants growing in Southwestern Colorado will not equal the 900 species that can be found upon any similar area upon the eastern slope. The im- pressions received by any one who has noticed the flora of the eastern slope, riding rapidly over Southwestern Colorado, below 8,000 feet alti- tude, are, the great scarcity of all vegetation ; the comparative abun- dance of rosaceous shrubs, and Artemisia tridentata ; the great number of the annual species of Eriogonum ; the showy blossoms of Malvaceae ; the few species of Astragalus and Pentstemon. LIST OF PLANTS OF COLORADO NOT MENTIONED IN THE SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO, MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATIONS, No. 4. Thanks are due to Dr. Asa Gray for descriptions of new species and determinations of many plants of the collection ; to Dr. George Eugel- mann for his descriptions of new species and determinations of Cacta- cecc, Loranthaccc?, and species of other orders ; to Mr. S. ^Yatsoll for determinations ; to Prof. Thomas C. Porter for determinations of plants from the vicinity of Canon City ; and to Prof. D. C. Eaton for herbarium facilities and assistance; to Mr. Eugene A. Eau for the list of Musci and Hepaticw ; and to Mr. J. H. Redfield for much assistance. . 233 RANUNCULUS RHOMBOIDEUS, Goldie. Sierra La Plata, 10,000 feet altitude. BERBERIS FENDLERI, Gray, Plant. Fendl., p. 5. Valleys of the Eio Grande, Animas, and Mancos. CORYDALIS CASEANA, Gray, Proc. Am. Ac., x, 69. Piedra Mountains, 10,000 feet altitude. XASTURTIU}! TRACHYCARPCM, new species. E radice annua? erectum (pedale), raniosum, fere glabrum ; foliis lyrato-sub-pinnatifidis ; raceoiis laxis; floribus albidis ; petalis spathu- latis sepala autherasque oblongo-sagittatas parvum superantibus ; sili- quis oblougo-linearibus (lin. 4-5 longis) papilloso-asperatis in pedicello rigido mox recurvato adscentibus stylo longo subulato superatis. The rhachis and stout pedicels are studded with the small and rough papillie which abound on the pod, and suggest the name of this very distinct species.— ASA GRAY. Southwestern Colorado. STREPTANTHUS CORDATUS, Xutt. Mesa Verde, growing under Juniperus occidentalis, 6,500 feet. THELYPODIUM iNTEGRiFOLnm, Endl. var. ? Flowers white ; racemes much longer and pod more stipitate. Com- mon in the San Juan Valley. DRAB A AUREA, var. stylosa, Gray. Wagonwheel Gap, on the Rio Grande. BRASSICA. San Juan Pass, 10,000 feet, introduced. BlSCUTILLA (DlTHYREA) WlSLIZEXI, Englm. Valley of the San Juan, 4,500 to 6,000 feet altitude. CLEOME AUREA, Xutt. Valleys of the San Juan and Mancos, 5,500 feet altitude. CLEOME SONOR^, Gray, PL Wright, p. 16. San Luis Valley. CLECDIELLA OOCARPA, Gray, new species, Proc. Am. Acad., xi, 72. Diffusa, spithamsea ad sub-pedalem ; foliolis oblongo-linearibus ; ra cemo srepissime densifloro ; bracteis inferioribus foliis conformibus, su- perioribus simplicibus; setulis stipularibus nianifestis; staminibus pe- tala superantibus ; ovario apice 3-ovulato ; capsula ovata lineam longa stylo breviusculo superata stipite (pedicellum subaquante) triplo bre- viore; seminibus 1-2 Irevibus. Very abundant on the adobe hillsides and alkaline flats on the bor- ders of the Mesa Verde about the Rio Mancos. Collected also in Nevada by Drs. Torrey and Gray. SlLEXE ANTIRRHINA, L. Mountains about Canon City, 6,000 feet altitude. AREXARIA SAXOSA, Gray, PI. Fendl., p. 13. Piedra and Los Pinos Mountains, 10,000 feet; Parrott City and banks of the La Plata to 6,000 feet altitude. PORTULACA RETUSA, Englin., PI. Lindn., 2, p. 154. Arkansas Valley and Southwestern Colorado. 234 MALVASTRUM LEPTOPHYLLUM, Gray, PI. Wright, p. 17. Valleys of the San Juan and La Plata. SPH^ERALCEA EMORYI, Torrey, PL Wright, 1, 21. Valleys of the San Juan, La Plata, and Mancos. THAMNOSMA TEXANUM, Gray. Soda Spring Ledge, Gallon City, 5,400 feet altitude. GLOSSOPETALON SPINESCENS, Gray, PL Wright, ii, 29. Near Hovenweep Castle, 5,250 feet altitude. KHAMNUS (FRANGULA) CALIFORNICUS, Esch. Valley of the Auimas, 6,500 feet altitude. POLYGALA ACANTHOCLADA, Gray, new species, Proc. Am. Acad., xi, p. 73. Fruticulosa, bipedalis, ramosissima, subcinereo-pubescens, spinis gra- cilibus arinata; foliis lineari-spathulatis rigidulis (lin. 3-4 lougis); flori- bus subaxillaribus sparsis albidis lin. 2 longis pedicello basi bibracteato parum brevioribus; alis obovatis sepalis creteris duplo niajoribus corol- lam adsequantibus ; carina breviter cymbifornii nuda dorso unibonata. Growing upon a bluff side near the San Juan Biver in Utah, not far from the Colorado boundary. LUPINUS SILERI, Watson. Trail between Parrott City and the Mancos, 7,500 feet altitude. LUPINUS SITGREAVII, Watson, Proc. Am. Ac., viii,527. Common in Southwestern Colorado, 7,000 feet altitude. TRIFOLIUM ERIOCEPHALUM, Xutt. Lost Canon and Parrott City, 8,600 feet altitude. TRIFOLIUM BRANDEG-EI, Watson, new species, Proc. Am. Ac., xi, p. 130. Dwarf, perennial, cespitose, and acaulescent, glabrous, the inflores- cence slightly villous; stipules scarious; leaflets elliptic-oblong, thin, acutish, entire, a half to an inch long; peduncles about equaling the leaves ; flowers spicate in a loose naked head, purplish, seven lines long; calyx-teeth lanceolate, acuminate, a little longer than the campanulate tube ; ovary stipitate, 7-ovuled. A very showy species, common in the Sierra La Plata. HOSACKIA WRIGHTII, Gray, Plant. Wright, p. 42. Southwestern Colorado, 8,000 feet altitude. DALE A LAN AT A, Spreng. Valley of the San Juan, 6,000 to 4,000 feet. PETERIA SCOPARIA, Gray, PL Wright, p. 50. La Plata Valley. ASTRAGALUS DIPHYSUS, Gray. Southwestern Colorado, 6,000 feet, ASTRAGALUS BIGELOVII, Gray. Valley of the Mancos, 5,000 to 6,000 feet. ASTRAGALUS SUBCOMPRESSUS, new species. A. racemoso sect. Galegiformium admodum siniilis; deutibus calycis brevioribus ; corolla ochroleuca; legumine falcato lateraliter compres§o 235 intus septo complete bilocellato, sulco dorsali angusto subclauso, stipite e calycis tubo baud exserto. Legumes an inch and a quarter or shorter in length, 2 J to 3 lines wide, the well-developed ones decidedly falcate ; the partition about twice the length of the depth of the groove, which in the cross-section before de- hiscence is oval and almost closed. — ASA GRAY. Animas Valley, 7,000 feet altitude. ASTRAGALUS ROBBINSII, Gray, var. (?) occidentalis, Watson. Animas Valley, 9,000 feet. ASTRAGALUS HOIILLIMUS, new species. Csespitoso-depressus, condensatus ; caudice lignescente ; caulibus vix pollicaribus stipulis scariosis coalitis imbricato-tectis, petiolis per- sistentibus hystricosis ; foliolis 3-5 jugis oblongis canescentibus mar- fine revolutis (lineam longis) demum deciduis ; peduuculis brevibus 1-3 oris; calycis dentibus subulatis tubo oblongo-campanulato dimidio brevioribus; corolla pallida; legumine ovato-coriaceo albo-pubescente parvo (lin. 2 longo) uniloculari 9-ovulato fere monospermo, suturis extus proininulis. Habit of A. jejunus, Watson, but much more dwarf and condensed ; petioles and rhachis more spinescent and persistent; pod decidedly dif- ferent.—ASA GRAY. Growing upon sandstone-rock of the Mesa Verde, near the edge ot the Maucos Canon. ASTRAGALUS HAYDENIANUS, new species. A. bisulcato affinis, minor, pube niagis cinerea ; spica elongata vir- gata ; floribus multo minoribus (lin. 3-1 longis) ; calycis dentibus subu- latis tubo multo brevioribus ; corolla alba, carina tantum apice purpu- reo-tincta ; legumine ovali utrinque obtusissimo venis transversis rugu- loso 6-7-ovulato 2-4-spermo, facie ventrali late profundeque impressa sutura costsetbrmi valde proininente percussa, stipite calycem haud su- perante. Also collected on Grand River, Middle Park, by H. ST. Patterson. A striking species, with slender stems 2 or 3 feet high ; dedicated to the director of the Survey, and one of the oldest, most indefatigable, and distinguished explorers of the whole Rocky Mountain region. — ASA GRAY. The flowers of this species have the peculiar disagreeable odor of those of A. bisulcatus. Southwestern Colorado, between Parrott City and the Mancos, 8,000 feet. ASTRAGALUS PATTERSONI, new species. Scytocarpi, robustus, 1-2-pedalis, adpresso-puberulus, nuuc glabellus ; foliolis 5-10-jugis oblougis crassiusculis (semipoll. ad pollicem longis) ; pedunculis racemoso-plurinoris folium aBquantibus vel superantibus ; flo- ribus ultra semipollicaribus mox pendulis ; calycis dentibus setaceo-sub- ulatis tubo cylindraceo dimidio brevioribus ; corolla alba, carina apice nunc purpurascente ; legumine ovali crasso-coriaceo inflato glabro {s?epius pollicari) polyspermo, basi intra calycem abrupte contracta sub- stipitiformi, suturis nee intrusis nee extus prominulis. The only flowering specimens seen were collected by Mr. H. N. Pat- terson, for whom it is named, in the foot-hills of Gore Mountains, Col- orado. Fruiting specimens were also abundantly collected by L. H. Ward in Powell's exploration.— ASA GRAY. 236 Fruiting specimens only; collected in McElmo Valley, 5,500 feet altitude. ASTRAGALUS . An interesting species, collected in fruiting specimens only, grows about Navajo Springs, near Cariso Mountains, Arizona. Another un- certain species, growing upon the alkaline flats of the La Plata, was almost out of fruit in June. OXYTROPIS PODOCARPA, Gray. Sierra Sangre de Cristo, 12,000 feet altitude, and alpine summits of the mountains near Breckenridge. PRUNTJS DE^IISSA, Wai p. Common upon both eastern and western slopes at 8,000 feet elevation. COWANIA MEXICANA, Don. Mesa Verde and its canons ; El Late, 6,000 feet. COLEOGYNE RAMOSISSIMA, Nutt. Near Hovenweep Castle, 5,250 feet altitude. PERAPHYLLTDI RAMOSISSIMUM, Xutt. Valleys of the Aniinas, La Plata, and Mancos, 6,000 to 8,000 feet altitude. CRAT^EGUS COCCINEA, L. Greenhorn Range of the Arkansas Valley and along the banks of all the streams and rivers of Southwestern Colorado. CRAT^EGUS RIYULARIS, Xutt (?). Texas Creek, near the Sangre de Cristo, 8,000 feet. POTENTILLA CRINITA, Gray, PI. Feud., 41. Thompson's Park, 7,500 feet. HEUCHERA RUBESCENS, Torr. El Late, 9,000 feet. FENDLERA RUPICOLA, Eng. & Gray, PI. Wright, 77. Valleys of the Animas, La Plata, and Mancos, Mesa Verde and Cariso Mountains. TlLLAEA D^RTDIMONDII, T. & G. Eio Grande Valley. CALLITRICHE VERNA, L. Rio Grande Valley. CENOTHERA BREVIPES, Gray, \ar.parvijlora, Watson. Sand-bar of the Rio Mancos, 5,000 feet. CEXOTHERA SCAPOIDEA, Xutt. Alkaline flats, Canon City Park, 55500 feet. MENTZELIA ORNATA, T. & G. Common throughout the Arkansas Valley, from 4,000 to 6,000 feet altitude. The flowers are more than 6 inches in diameter, opening at twilight, about two hours later than those of Jf. nuda. When opening, they fill the surrounding air for some distance with fragrance. J/. multiflora 237 also gives out the same delicious odor when the flowers at first open. It is often noticeable 100 feet from the plants. MENTZELIA CHRYSAXTHA, new species. Biennis, ramosissima, caule albido asperate ; foliis ovato-laneeolatis sinuato-dentatis, inferioribus versus basin angustatis, superioribus sse- pius basi lata sessilibus; floribus subsessilibus bractealatis oppositifo- liis; pomeridianis aureis, calycis laciniis lanceolato-subulatis tubo longioribus ; petalis sub-10 lanceolatis acutis longe unguiculatis iuteri- oribus in stamina latiora abeuutibus : capsula cylindrica sea ovata ; seminibus ovatis compressis anguste niarginatis nee alatis. Barren clayey limestone hills on the Arkansas, near Caiion City, with Frankenia, several shrubby Atriplex, Juniper us occidentalis,Qtu., where I discovered it in September, 1874 ; also in Southern Utah, Dr. Parry, 1874, Xo. 78, doubtfully referred to J/. multiflora. From the large, fleshy, branching, not fusiform root rise branching stems 1-2 feet high ; leaves 1-3 inches long, J-l J inches wide, more or less coarsely dentate, upper ones often entire ; flowers 15-20 lines in di- ameter, open in the afternoon (and evening ?); petals 6-9 lines long, 2-3 lines wide, often less than 10 in number, the innermost smaller and an- theriferous ; ovary with three placentre, each bearing two series of ovules 5 capsule 3 lines wide, in some £, in others fully 1 inch long ; seeds very narrowly margined, similar to those of J/. hevicaulis, but much smaller and not winged, surface facetted. Apparently near J/. pumila^ as de- scribed in Torr. & Gr. Fl. X. A., 1, 535, but that species is said to have small terminal flowers and winged seeds. Xame from the golden-yel- low color of the flowers, by which it is easily distinguished from the different cream-white species which grow in the same region. This color, however, gradually fades in drying, or becomes brown ; this is also the case in the yellow flowers of J/. hevicaulis, while the flowers of If. oligo- sperma retain their color much better.— GEO. ENGELMANN. ECHINOCACTUS WHIPPLEI, E. & B. La Plata Valley and mesa Verde, 5,000 to 8,000 feet. CEREUS CLESPITOSUS ; Eng., var. castaneus, Eng. South of Pueblo, mesas of the Saint Charles. OPU^TIA (CYLIXDRO-PUXTIA) ? Spreading over the ground ; sometimes the small joints ascending to a height of 1 foot ; flowers small, yellow ; fruit yellow and unarmed. In flower about the 1st of July. Not determinable on account of the lack of mature seeds. La Plata Valley, Mancos, and McElmo, 6.500 feet. ARALIA NUDICATJLIS, L. Ute Pass and Greenhorn Kange. SYMPHORICARPUS OREOPHLLUS, Gray. Mountains near Caiion City. GALIIIM ANGUSTIFOLIUM, Xutt. Mancos Caiion and Cariso, 5,500 feet. GALIOI BRAXDEGEI, new species. Cffispitoso-depressum, parvum, glabrum; radicibus fibrpsis; foliis quarternis obovatis vel spathulatis fere eveniis, lin. 1-3 longis j pedun- culis unifloris solitariis geministe uudis ; flore albido semilineam longo ; fructu Ijevi glabro. 238 A diminutive species, hardly to be compared with any other of this country. — ASA GRAY. Near the banks of the Bio Grande, where the Los Pinos trail begins to ascend the Sierra Madre. September. BRICKELLIA LINIFOLIA, D. C. Eaton, King's Eep.. p. 137. Common in Southwestern Colorado. BRICKELLTA MICROPHYLLA, var. scabra. Gray, Proc. Am. Ac., xi, 74. Foliis parvulisrigidioribuspapilloso- vel hirtello-scabris 5 pappo tanturn 16-20-chseto. Very common upon the sandstone-rocks of the Mesa Verde. Also collected by Dr. Parry. ASTER NOV^;-ANGLI^E, L. Canon City. ASTER PAUCIFLORUS, Nutt. Growing about a warm soda-spring in the Animas Valley. In this species, the pappus separates readily from the achenium, with the bristles slightly connected at their base. ASTER COLORADOENSIS, Gray, new species, Proc. Am. Acad., xi, 76. MACHJERANTHERA sed perennis, naiius, tomeutuloso-canescens ; cau- libus in caudice lignescente confertis plurimis monocephalis ; foliis imis spathulatis, summis fere linearibus, omnibus argute dentatis, dentibus spinuloso-setiferis ; involucri hemisphserici squamis pluriserialibus sub- ulatis laxiusculis ; ligulis 35-40-linearibus purpureis elongatis 5 acheniis brevibus turbinatis creberrime cauo-villosis. Found in the mountains of Northern Colorado by nearly all collectors, and passed over as a form of a species of Machccranthera. Southwestern Colorado, San Juan Pass, 12,000 feet altitude. ERIGERON STENOPHYLLUM, var. tetrapleurum, Gray. In rocky localities of the Mancos Canon and Mesa Verde, 5,500 feet. ERIGERON FLAGELLARE, Gray. Canon City and Southwestern Colorado. ERIGERON BIGELOVII, Gray, Bot. Mex. Bound., 78. Flats of the San Juan Valley, 5,200 feet. TOWNSENDIA FENDLERI, Gray. Wet Mountain Valley and Huerfauo Creek. TOWNSENDIA INCANA, Nutt. Mesas of Southwestern Colorado. TOWNSENDIA STRIGOSA, Nutt. Flats of the San Juan Valley, 5,000 feet. BIGELOVIA WRIGHTII, Gray. San Juan Valley, 5,000 to 4,000 feet. GRINDELIA MICROCEPHALA, DC. Mancos Valley, 7,500 feet altitude. APLOPAPPUS NUTTALLII, T. & G. Mesas near Rio Mancos, 7,000 feet altitude. APLOPAPPUS LANCEOLATUS, T. & G. Near lake of San Luis Valley. 239 APLOPAPPUS ARMERIOIDES, Nutt. Mesas of Southwestern Colorado, 7,000 feet. APLOPAPPUS GRACILIS, Gray, Plant. Fend., 76. Mancos Plains, 7,500 feet altitude. BACCHARIS WRIGHTII, Gray, Plant. Wright, 101. Soda Spring Ledge, Canon City. DICORIA BRANDEGEI, Gray, Proc. Am. Ac., xi, 76, new species. Diffusa, pube substrigulosa cinerea ; foliis lanceolatis obtusis subiu- tegerriuiis ; capitulis laxe racemoso-paniculatis parvis ; involucri squama interna florem fcemineum fulcrante unica casteris haud longiore achenio oblongo turgido margine calloso-dentato subdiuiidio breviore. An interesting accession to the genus, requiring considerable modifi- cation of the character. Common along the San Juan, between McElrno and Eecapture Creeks. OXYTENIA ACEROSA, Kutt., PI. Gambell, 172. Very abundant in the dry gulches running into the San Juan at about 4,500 feet altitude. EXCELIA FRUTESCENS, Gray, Proc. Am. Ac., viii, 657. Kocky edges of mesas, Southwestern Colorado. ENCELIA MICROCEPHALA, Gray, Proc. Am. Ac., viii, 657. San Juan Valley, 4,500 feet. HYMENANTHERUM (LOWELLIA) AUREUM, Gray, Plant. Fend., 89. Canon City, Colorado Springs, Pueblo, and on the Huerfano. WYETHIA SCABRA, Hook., Proc. Am. Ac., viii, 655. La Plata Valley, 5,000 feet ; base of Cariso. WYETHIA ANGUSTIFOLIA, Nutt. Valley of Los Pinos Creek, 8,000 feet. BALSAMORHIZA SAGITTATA, Xutt. Mesas of La Plata and Los Pinos Creeks, 8,000 feet. ACTINELLA TORREYANA, Gray. Mesas of Southwestern Colorado — common. HYZVIENOPAPPUS FLAYESCENS, Gray, Plant. Feud., 97. San Juan Valley, 4,500 feet altitude. HYMENOPAPPUS LUTEUS, Nutt. San Luis Valley. SCHKUHRiAiXTEaRiFOLiA,var.o&Zo^z/oZia, Gray, Proc. Am. Ac., ix, 199. Hovenweep, McElmo — common — 4,500 to 6,000 feet. SCHKUHBIA NEOMEXICANA, Gray, PI. Feud., 96. Eio Grande Valley, near Del Xorte— plants small, not 2 inches high. ARTEMISIA BIENNIS, Willd. !NTear Canon City and Parrott City. ARTEMISIA BIGELOVII, Gray. Abuudant in the Arkansas Valley. 240 ANAPHALTS MARGARITACEA, B. Br. La Plata Yalley, near Parrott City. GNAPHALIUM PALUSTRE, Nutt. Parrott City and San Luis Yalley. MADIA GLOMERATA, Hook., Proc. Am. Ac., ix, 189. ^Tear Parrott City, 8,700 feet. CNICUS PARRYI, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad., x, 47. ' Parrott City, 8,400 feet, STEPHANOMERIA EXIGUA, Nutt. San Juan Yalley, 5,000 feet altitude. LACTUCA CANADENSIS, L. Greenhorn range and mountains near Canon City. PLANTAGO MAJOR, L. Sandflats of the Mancos aud Dolores, 7,000 feet — apparently indig- enous. PENTSTEMON BARBATUS, Nutt, var. trichander, Gray, Proc. Am. .Acad., xi, 94. Humilior e caudice lignescente ; antheris longe parceque lanoso-bar- batis ! A new variety of this handsome Pentstemon — Southwestern Colorado. PENTSTEMON LINARIOIDES, Gray. Southwestern Colorado, 6,000 to 7,000 feet. PENTSTEMON BRIDGESII, Gray, Proc. Am. Ac., vii, 379. El Late, 6,000 to 8,000 feet altitude. ORTHOCARPUS PURPUREO-ALBUS, Gray. Yalleys of the La Plata and Mancos. CORDYLANTHUS KiNGii, Watson, King's Rep., 233. San Juan Yalley, 5,500 feet, PEDICULARIS . A species common upon the Mesa Yerde, growing under Junipenis occidentalis. Flowers and fruit not seen. POLIOMINTHA INCANA, Gray, Proc. Am. Ac., 1870, 295. San Juan Yalley, 4,500 feet. MARTYNIA PROBOSCIDEA, Glox. Canon City, 5,300 feet altitude. ERITRICHIUM CALTFORNICUM-, DC. Eio Grande Yalley. PHACELTA CRENULATA, Torr., Proc. Am. Ac., x, 318. Eio Maucos, 5,300 feet altitude. NAMA HISPIDA, Gray. San Juan Yalley, 5,000 feet. GILIA (IPOMOPSIS) HAYDENI, Gray, new species, Proc. Am. Acad., xi, 85. Fere glabra, e basi indurata perenni vel bienni paniculato-ramosissi- ma, pedalis ; foliis liuearibus, imis vix spathulatis parce pinnatilobatis 241 dentatisve, ramealibus plerisque minimis subulatis integerrirnis ; pani- culis subthyrsoideis floribundis calycibusque parum glandulosis ; corolla ca3ruleo-purpurea gracili infundibulari-tubulosa (ultra, semipollicari), tubo lobis suis ovatis calyceque 3-4-plo longiore; antheris oblongo- sagittatis subsessilibus fauci insertis ; ovarii loculis 8-9-ovulatis ; semi- nibus panels oblongis, teguuiento humectato nee spirillifero nee inucila- giDoso ! A handsome species common upon the mesas of the Mancos, the western slope of the Mesa Verde, and about El Late, 5,000 to 7,000 feet altitude. GILIA CONGESTA, Hook., var. crelrifolia, Gray. McElmo Creek, 6,000 feet. GILIA GUNNISONI, T. & G. San Juan Valley, common. GILIA BRANDEGEI, Gray, new species, Proc. Am. Acad., xi., 85. EUGILIA, perenuis, pube glandulosa fragrante viscosissirna ; caulibua erectis spithamieis vel subpedalibus thyrsifloris ; foliis circumscriptione linearibus piniiatisectis,seginentis pluriniis sessilibusparvis aut oblongo- linearibus rarius ovalibus integerrimis aut bipartitis verticillos 3-4-folio- latos simulautibus; corolla aurea infundibuliformi-tubulosa calyce cylin- draceo semiquinquefido 2-3-plo longiore. fauce parum ampliata, lobis ovalibus brevibus; ovulis in loculis paucis. A showy species, very common at Wagon wheel Gap on the Eio Grande, and also seen near the base of the Sierra Madre on the Los Piuos trail, eastern slope. DATURA METELOIDES, DC. Hoveuweep Canon, 5 miles above Hovenweep Castle. The large white flowers seemed wonderfully beautiful contrasted with the surrounding " greasewood and sage-brush ". LYCIOI PALLID or, Miers. San Juan Valley — common. CUSCTTTA UXBELLATA, Klintll. Hovenweep Canon — parasitic upon Portulaca retusa. ERYTHEMA CHIROXIOIDES, Torrey. Base of Cariso, Arizona. FRASERA ALB03IARGINATA, Watson, King's Eep., 280. Mesa Verde and San Juan Valley, 6,000 to 4,500 feet. FRAXINTJS AXOXALA, Torrey. Mesa Verde, 5,700 feet: Hovenweep, 5,200 feet. FORESTIERA ACUMINATA, Poir. Banks of the San Juan. ATRIPLEX POTVELLII, Watson, Proc. Am. Ac., ix, 114. Alkaline flats of the San Juan and Maucos. ATRIPLEX XUTTALLII, Watson. Southwestern Colorado. ATRIPLEX COXFERTIFOLIA, Watson. Canon 'City and Southwestern Colorado. 242 GRAYIA BRANDEGEI, Gray, new species, Proc. Ain. Acad., xi, 101. Inerinis, sesquipedalis, leviter furfuraceo-cinerea ; foliis spathulato- linearibus; thecis minoribus flavidulis oblato-orbiculatis quandoque trialatis basi latissime retusis, alls subundulatis ; ovario basilari papu- loso. Found only at the most western topographical station, San Juan Valley, 3.200* feet. ALTERNANTHERA LANUGINOSA, Torrey. Pueblo and San Juan Valley. AMBLOGYNE TORREYI, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad., 5, 169. Cafion City. ASCLEPIAS INCARNATA, L. Canon City. POLYGONUM CONVOLVULUS, L. Colorado Springs— introduced. POLYGONUM HARTWRIGHTII, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad,, 1870, 249. Canon City. POLYGONUM COARCTATUM, Dougl. Parrott City. ERIOGONUM INFLATU^I, Torrey. San Juan Valley — common. ERIOGONUM SALSUGINOSUM, Hook. San Juan Valley — common. ERIOGONUM DIVARICATUM, Hook. San Juan and Mancos Valleys. ERIOGONUM THOMASII, Torrey. Southwestern Colorado. ERIOGONU3I RENIFORME, Torrey. Southwestern Colorado. ERIOGONUM ACAULE, Nutt. San Juan Valley. ERIOGONmi RACE310SUM, Nutt. Common at 8,000 feet in Southwestern Colorado. ERIOGONUX CORYMBOSUIVI, Benth. Slopes of the Mesa Verde. ERIOGONUM CORYMBOSUM, var. divaricatum, T. & G. Slopes of the Mesa Verde. ERIOGONUM MICROTHECUM, Nutt., var. confertifolium, Benth. Southwestern Colorado. ERIOGONUM MiCROTHEcmi, var. kptophyllum, T. & G. Southwestern Colorado — common. ARCEUTHOBIUM DIVARICATUM, Englm. Cariso and Mancos Mesas, 6,000 feet-parasitic upon Pinus edulis. 243 PHORADENDROX JUNIPER 1x01, Englin. Cariso Mountains — parasitic upon Juniper us occidentalis — 6,000 feet altitude. EUPHORBIA DEN TAT A, MX. Gallon City. EUPHORBIA SERPYLLIFOLIA, Pers. Wet Mountain Valley. EUPHORBIA STICTOSPORA, Engelin. in Bot. MX. Bound., p. 187 ; Boiss. in DC. Prod., 15, 2, p. 41. Abundant on the saline flats about Cafion City (Brandegee).— This common New Mexican species is thus shown to extend into Southern Colorado. It is a prostrate annual, readily known by its pubescence, which extends to the sharp angled capsule. It has rounded, subcordate, sharply serrate leaves; lateral, leafy, crowded racemes, with very small and slender long-pedunded involucres and slender sharply Wangled rugose- dotted seeds, which are about as long as the involucre itself (about 0.6 lines long). The styles are short and undivided. — GEO. ENG-ELMANN. EUPHORBIA FLAOELLIFORMIS, new species. Annua, glaberrima ; caulibus e basi pluribus ramosissimis declinatis seu decumbentibus; foliis breviter petiolatis e basi subinsequali liueari- bus subacutis mncronulatis integris: stipulis triangulari-lanceolatis in- ferioribus connatis superioribus distinctis; involucris solitariis pedicello iequiloDgo fultis late campanulatis intus hirtulis polyandris, lobis tri- angularibus glandulas 2-4 parvas concavas angustissime appendiculatas a?quantibus; stylis brevibus erectis bifidis ; capsula depressa trisulca; seminibus laevibus cinereis trigonis acutis. E. petaloidea, d.flagellifor- mis, Englm. Bot. Mex. Bound., p. 185. E. zygophyttoides, -f flagelliformis, Englm. in Boiss. Euph. DC. Prod.. 15, 2, p. 29. Originally sparingly collected without fruit on the Kio Grande, near El Paso, by Charles Wright. This species, as it now proves to be, was abundantly seen on the sandy flats of the San Juan River, in Southwestern Colorado, by Mr. Bran- degee, where it occurs with the allied E. petaloidea, but unfortunately it seemed to be too common to make specimens of! Stems 6-12 inches long; leaves 6-9 lines long, J to 1 line wide ; involu- cres about 3 line wide : seeds of same length.— Readily distinguished from the allied E.petaloldea by the smaller involucre bearing very small and almost naked glands, often less than four in number, the more nu- merous stamens (often up to 25) with much smaller anthers, and by the smaller, more angular and more pointed, grayish seeds, while those of the allied species are larger, thicker, with rounded angles, and of a more reddish color. — GEO. ENGELMJLNN. EPHEDRA ANTISYPHILITICA, C. A. Meyer. La Plata Valley, 5,500 'feet. EPHEDRA TRIFURCA, Torrey. Mesa Verde and Animas Valley. ABIES COXCOLOR, Lindl. JUNIPERUS OCCIDENT ALIS, Hook. ZANNICHELLTA PALUSTRIS, L. Canon City — a very troublesome plant* growing in the iriigation- ditches. 244 EPIPACTIS GIGANTEA, Dougl. San Juan Valley. PROSARTES TRACHYOARPA, Watson, King's Rep., 344. Sierra Sangre de Cristo and abundant iu the La Plata Mountains. ALLIUM ACUMINATUM, Hook. La Plata and Aniinas Valleys, 8,000 feet. YUCCA BACCATA, Torrey. Southwestern Colorado — common at 8,000 feet altitude ; growing at a higher altitude than Y. angustifolia, FESTUCA TENELLA, Willd. Canon City. STIPA PENNATA, L. Canon City. ORYZOPIS ASPERIFOLIA. MX. Piedra Mountains, 9,000 feet. GLYCERIA NERVATA, Trin. Wet Mountain Valley. AlRA FLEXUOSA, L. Alpine — Sierra Sangre de Cristo. EATONIA OBTUSATA, Gray. Xear Canon City. SETARIA CAUDATA, Roein. & Schultz. Canon City. BOUTELOUA ERIOPODA, Torrey. San Juan Valley. BOUTELOUA POLYSTACHYA, Torrey. San Juan and Mancos Valleys. MELICA STRICTA, Boland. Parrott City, 8,500 feet. ERAGROSTIS PO^OIDES, Beauv., var. megastachya, Gray. Canon City — introduced. TRICUSPIS PULCHELLA, Torrey. San Juan Valley. CALAMAGROSTIS LANGSDORFFJI, Trin. Parrott City. ANDROPOGON JAMESII, Torr. San Juan Valley. The following is a list of plants seen growing in Southwestern Colo- rado on the plains of the western slope below an altitude of 8,000 feet As those of the higher altitudes are generally found throughout 'the 245 mountain-regions of the State, they are omitted, as are also those men- tioned in the preceding list. It is of interest as a means of comparison with the flora of the eastern slope of the same altitude. Clematis ligusticifolia, Nutt. Yesicaria stenophylla, Gray. Stanley a pinna-tin1 da, Xutt. Erysimum cheiranthoides, L. Lepidinm alyssoides, Gr. Cleome integrifolia, T. & G. Fraukenia Jamesii, Torr. Silene Menziesii, Hook. Arenaria cougesta, ]S"utt. Malvastram coccineum, Gr. Sphreralcea an gusti folia, Spach. Linnui rigid um, Pnrsh. Geranium Fremoutii, Torr. Pachystima myrsinites, Eaf. Ceanothus Fenclleri, Gr. Negundo aceroides, Mosnch. Elms glabra, L. Kims toxicodendron, L. Trifoliuui longipes, Xutt. Psoralea lanceolata, Pursh. Petalostemori Candidas, MX. Astragalus lonehocarpus, T. & G. Glycyrrhiza lepidota, Nutt. Hedysarum Mackeuzii, Eichards. Lathyrus palustris, L. Spirea dumosa, Nutt. Itubus Nutkanus, Mo^. Eubus strigosus, Michx. Purshia tridentata, DC. Cercocarpus parvifolius, Nutt. Geum Eossii, Seriuge, alpine, flowers double. Poteutilla Anseriua, L. Eosa blanda, Ait. Pyms sambucifolia, Cham. & 'Schlecht. Amelanchier aluifolia, T. & G. Philadelphus inicrophyllus, Gr. OBnothera bienuis, L. CEnothera albicaulis, Natt. CEuothera triloba. Xatt. CEnothera flartwegii. Beuth., var. Mentzelia nuda. T. &G. Meutzelia multiflora, Xatt. Mamillaria vivipara, Haw. Echiuocactus Simpsoni, Eng. Cere us Fendleri, Eng. Cereus phoeniceus, Eng. Opuntia Camanchica, Eng. & Big. Opuntia Eafinesquii, Eug. Cucurbita peiennis, Gr. Kuhnia enpatorioides, L., var. Xo. 3 4 Brickellia Californica, Gr. Diplopappus ericoides, T. & G. Erigeron arraeriaefoliam, Turcz. Erigeron Bellidiastrum, Nutt. Solidago pamila, T. & G. Bigelovia Howardii, Gr. Bigelovia Parryi, Gr. Bigelovia depressa, Gr. Bigelovia Douglasii, Gr. Aplopappus spinulosus, DC. Aplopappus croceus, Gr. Grindelia squarrosa, Dunal. Chrysopsis villosa, Nutt. Iva xanthiifolia, Gr. Heliauthus petiolaris, Nutt. Helianthus lenticularis, Dougl. Thelesperma gracile, Gr. Ximenesia encelioides, Cav. Gaillardia piunatifida, Torr. Actiuella scaposa, Natt. Actinella Eichardsouii, Nutt. Achillea Millefolium, L. Artemisia filifolia, Torr. Artemisia tridentata, jPursh. Artemisia Ludoviciaua, Xutt. Senecio aureus, L. Tetradymia canescens, DC., var. Stephanomeria minor, Nutt. Pterospora Audromedea, ]S"utt. | Pheliprea Ludoviciana, Don. Pentstemon glaber, Pursh. Castilleia linaria^folia, Benth. Orthocarpus luteus, Nott. Hedeonia Drummoudii, Benth. Monarda fistulosa, L. ^lonardella odoratissima, Benth. Dracocephalum parviflorum, Benth. Echinospermum defiexnm, Lehm., var. Echiuosperinum-Eedowskii. Lehm. Heliotropium couvolvulaceum, Gr. Collomia lougiflora, Gr. Gilia pungens, Benth. Calystegia sepium, E. Br. Saracha Corouopus, Gr. Nicotiana attennata, Torr. Apocyuum cannabiuuui, L. Asclepias speciosa, Torr. Mirabilis oxybaphoides, Gr. Mirabilis multittora, Gr. Alliona incarnata, L. Abronia fragrans, Xutt. 246 Abronia cycloptera, Gr. Cycloloma platyphyllum, Moq. Atriplex patula, L. Eurotia lauata, Moq. Sarcobatus veriniculatus, Torr. Eriogonum alatum, Torr. Eriogonum Jamesii, Benth. Eriogonum umbellatuin, Torr. Eriogonum cernuum, Nutt. Shepherdia argentea, Nutt. Euphorbia petaloidea, Englm. Euphorbia Fendleri, T. & G. Euphorbia montaua, Englm. Celtis occidentalis, L. Quercus alba, L., var. Gunnisoni, Torr. Salix lougifolia, Muhl., var. Populus angulata, Ait. Populus balsamifera, L., vars. Corallorhiza multiflora, Nutt. Cypripedium parviflorum, Salisb. Yucca angustifolia, Pursh. Scirpus validus, Vahl. Muhlenbergia pungens, Thurber. Calamagrostis lougifolia, Hook. Eriocoma cuspidata, ISTutt. Pleuraphis Jamesii, Torr. Pbragmites couimunis, L. Triticum repens, L. Pteris aquilina, L. Pellsea gracilis, Hook, La Plata Mountains. Cheilanthes lanuginosa, Nutt. Woodsia Oregana, Eaton. LIST OF MUSCI AND HEPATIC^E COLLECTED IN SOUTHERN COLORADO, MOSTLY BETWEEN 5,000 AND 9,000 FEET ALTITUDE, DETERMINED BY E. A. RAU, WITH THE ASSISTANCE OF C. F. AUSTIN AND T. P. JAMES. Weissia viridula, Brid. Weissia cirrhata, Hedw. Weissia crispula, Hedw. Weissia crispula, var. — Plants much smaller than in usual forms ; leaves dark green, with much closer areolatiou. — Sierra Madre of South- western Colorado. Gymnostomum rupestre, Schwaegr. — Mancos Valley. Gyrunostornurn Brandegei, Austin, new species, Bulletin Torrey Botan- ical Club, vol. vi, p. 46. — Canon City. Dicranum scoparium, L. — Southwestern Colorado. Dicranum rhabdocarpum, Sulliv. Dicranum (Campylopus) Eauei, nov. sp., C. F. Austin. Caule brevi compacte csespitoso interne dense tomentoso-radiculoso j foliis erectiusculis, subtortuosis, lineali-lanceolatis, semel tortis falde couvoluto-concavis, dorso indistincte papillosis margine ad apicem subserratisj costa angusta, excurrente; retl minuto cellulis augulari- bus perpaucis paulum inflatis; capsula subcylindrica, erecto-incurva pallida laeviuscula, seta brevi tenui flexuosa, operculo longe rostratoj aunulo angusto, calyptra solum, operculi rostrum obtegente: color Isete fulvo-virens. Colorado— 1875— T. S. Brandegee (Eau). About the size of D. flagellare. Leaves shaped about as in D. flagellare (costa more solid; otherwise similar); once twisted as in D. Schraderi, convolute-concave much as in D. Muhlenbeckii ; reticulation much as in D. fulvurn. Color, shape, and texture of the capsule also much as in D. Schraderi, but that has a straight and longer pedicel, much larger calyptra, lighter costa, and cells at the base of the leaf more lax, those above more granulose, margins more decidedly serrate, &c., besides it is a much larger species. Fissidens exiguus, Sulliv. Desmatodon cernuus, Br. Eu. Desrnatodon latifolius, Br. Eu., var. /?. glacialis. Didymodou rubellus, Br. Eu. 247 Distichiuin capillaceum, Br. Ea. Barbula ruralis, Hedw. Trichostomum tophaceuin, Brid. Ceratodon purpureus, Brid. Ceratodoii purpureus, var. xanthopus. Encalypta vulgaris, Hedw. Encalypta vulgaris, var. obtusa. Encalypta vulgaris, var. with leaves very obtuse, obovate oblong ; costa shorter than in the preceding; peristoine pale and fugacious. A fine variety, very distinct from the former, both in shape of the leaves and in the presence of a fine peristome. Encalypta ciliata, Hedw. Orthotrichum anomalum, Hedw. Orthotrichum cupulatum, Hoffm., var. minus. Orthotrichum Sturiiiii, H. & H. Orthotrichum Kiugiauum, Lesq. Orthotrichum Watsoui. James. Cosciuodon Wrightii, Sulliv. — Canon City. Coscinodon Kauei, Austin, new species, Bulletin Torrey Botanical Club, vol. vi, p. 4(1 — Canon City. Grimmia Braudegei, Austin, new species, Bulletin Torrey Club, vol. vi, p. 47. — Canon City. Grimmia obtusa, Schwaegr. Grimmia calyptrata, Hook. Grimmia anodou, B. & S. Grimmia apocarpa, Hedw. Grimmia apocarpa, var. leaves broader and shorter ; peristome paler ; teeth narrower. Grimmia plagiopodia, Hedw. Grimmia ovata, W. & M. Tayloria serrata, B. & S. Funaria hygrometrica, Hedw. Funaria hygrometrica. var. patula. Bryum pyriforme, Hedw. cruduum, Schreb. nutans, Schreb. cernuum, Hedw. intermedium, Brid. cirrhatum, H. & H. bimum, Schreb. pallesceus, Schwaegr. caespiticium, Linn. argenteum, Linn. obconicum, Hornsch. pseudotriquetrum, Hedw. turbinatum, Hedw. turbinatum, var. latifolium. Mnium cuspidatum, Hedw. affine, Bland. serratum, Schrad. Timmia megapolitana, Hedw. Polytrichum juniperinum, Hedw. Fabronia Wrightii, Sulliv. — Canon City. Wrightii, var. of a larger growth ; leaves less strongly ser rate. Leskea polycarpa, Hedw. 248 Pseudoleskea atrovirens, Schwaegr., var. brachycladus. Brachythecium denticulatum, Linn, rivulare, Br. collinum, Schp. collinum, var. Utahense, James.— Canon City. Fendleri, Sulliv.— Canon City. Eurynchium strigosum, Hoffni. diversifoliuni, Br, Eu. Amblystegium confervoides, Schwaegr. miuutissimuin, S. & L. serpens, Linn, orthocladon, Beauv. radicale, Brid. cornpactum, C. Mull. Stereodon plicatile, Mitt. Limnobinm palustre, Br. Eu. Hypnum n'licinum, Linn. uncinatum, Hedw. reptile, Michx, var. curvifolium, Hedw. HEPATIOJB. Marchantia polymorpha, Linn. Juugermauuia pumila. With. trichophylla, Linn. Scapania compaeta, L. Eeboulia heuiisphserica, Ead. 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